> 1 * 1 \ 1 mf < > Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/doubledaypagecosOOmawsrich DOUBLED AY, PAGE & CO.'S GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS / PUBLISHERS' FOREWORD Dr. C. O. S. Mawson, the author of this work, is not only a scholar of established reputation, but has actually visited most of the countries herein described. His state- ments therefore have the additional weight of first-hand knowledge, while his exceptional training has enabled him to select and present his facts with authority, lucid- ity, and with due regard for their relative values. DouBLEDAV, Page & Company DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & GO'S GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS BY C. O. SYLVESTER MAWSON, Litt.D., Ph.D. Maps of To-day and To-morrow New Maps will replace Old after the Great War GARDEN CITY NEW YORK DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1917 ^t^ecW Cjb^ Copyright, 1917, by DOUBLEDAY, PaGE & CoMPANY AH rights reserved, including that of translation into foreign languages, ineluding the Scandinavian PREFACE .Whenever a new publication is presented to the public the assumption is that the need for such a book is more or less real. In the case of Doubleday, Page & Co.'s Geo- graphical Manual and New Atlas this need is not only a real but an urgent one. If any existing publication filled the present want, this book would not have been pre- pared. Atlases there are— and excellent ones, too. Geo- graphical manuals there are — some of them good so far as hey go. But this book is different. It is not only an Atlas and a complete geographical reference work besides, but its aim is to link up geographical information with present-day requirements; to serve as a companion to the modern history, and more especially to that great history drama which is being unfolded before our eyes and recorded in our daily newspapers. In short, its aim is to be the "guide, philos- opher, and friend" of every observant reader and student of affairs. The world is moving so rapidly in our generation that facts learned at school are more or less antiquated in early man- hood. The old familiar landmarks are being ruthlessly swept away in the rush of international greed or enterprise. Even geographical names are not constant, and track must be kept of every change. As new regions are opened, up to civilization, a knowledge of railway routes becomes as im- portant to-day as a knowledge of waterways did yesterday. Again, products and industries are of supreme importance in this commercial age. A great industrial nation like the United States requires not only an assured supply of raw materials, but foreign markets for its manufactured goods. To the perpetual questions "Where?" "What?" "Why?" and "How?" this book seeks to provide an answer. Europe claims our attention not only on account of the Great War, but because it is America's best customer. The United States is essentially a vital part of the Europe of to- day, bound by ties of blood to every European nation great or small. Yet not sentiment alone but sheer self-interest should compel some knowledge of these European countries. Hence, Europe has received a large share of the space avail- able. To the newspaper reader who tries to follow the titanic struggle of a world at war, and who becomes lost in the maze of journalistic speculation, this work attempts to clarify the situation by shedding some light on foreign governments and on international relations. Essential facts are given in a truthful and unbiased manner. The world is viewed as a whole, with due respect to values. The Maps Complete and Different A word about the maps. Two things are required of an Atlas: (i) It must be accurate; and (2) it must be up-to-date. The excellent series of maps, compiled by C. S. Hammond & Co., will be found to meet this test in a most adequate man- ner. A new feature — and, it is felt, a helpful one — has been introduced in the descriptive matter entitled "What the Maps Tell Us." Here the author assumes the role of guide. The maps give up their secrets and their message. They be- come, as it were, endowed with an individuality, and the char- acter of each is laid bare. The motorist will be specially interested in the main auto- mobile routes marked on each of the State maps. This is an innovation in an Atlas, and one that should find extensive favour. Maps of the War Zones The special maps of the war zones are placed at the begin- ning, for at the present time these are of first importance. The movements of armies can be followed closely and intel- ligently by the aid of these clear maps; while by means of the "Index of the Western Front" any place can be instantly located. The pronunciation of many of the geographical names is a stumbling-block which will be overcome by refer- ence to the " Pronunciation of War Names." There will be few American families that will have no personal interest in the detailed maps of war-torn Europe, and these particular pages will, alas, be scanned by many a moistened eye. A New Country Mapped As a result of the world war a new country has been cre- ated. Carved out of Arabia is the Kingdom ofHejaz. It lies along the western shore of the Red Sea. Though this new country was formed only a few months ago, a map show- ing its extent and importance in the Moslem world is included in this book. Discoveries by the Discoverers The traveller is at once the pioneer and the sustainer of geography; he both blazes the way and gives a seasoned sur- vey of later developments. We shall meet some of the greatest of these travellers at close range, and they shall tell us in their own words what they have seen and what they have done. What man can read of the finding of Living- stone in Africa, of Peary's doggedness in the Arctic wastes, of Scott's heroic death in the hour of victory, or of Sir Doug- las Mawson's tragic journey in the regions of the eternal blizzard, without his blood coursing more quickly through his veins? Men like these form the vanguard of modern geog- raphy. They observe and record; the world assimilates and profits. We introduce them here to give life and vigour to a subject too often treated as lifeless. The Automobile Tours of the World The needs of the serious reader and of the man of business have been kept foremost in mind; but the requirements of the tourist — especially of one who is planning a vacation abroad or an automobile tour in this broad land of ours — have not gone unheeded. Not only will the outline of some popular European tours be welcomed, but the prospective traveller will doubly enjoy the various extracts from books of travel which give an added interest to this publication. In another place we mention the authorities to which we have been indebted in the preparation of this work. In or- der to secure accuracy, reference has been made to all the best available sources, many of them official. As this is a book for the general public and not for the specialist, the language has been made as readable as the subject will per- mit; but while the book is intended to meet a popular de- mand, the treatment is in no way superficial. That which is vital to a correct understanding of a country lias in every instance been retained and emphasized. Non-essentials have given place to essentials; dead matter has made way for living. Ignorance of foreign lands — and of our own, too — is not merely inexcusable but is little short of a calainity. If thi> book can cast a ray of light on some strange or obscure pat if it can be of personal service in a time of pressing need, purpose will not have been unfulfilled. C. O. Sylvester Mawson. Garden City, N. Y., September, 19 17. GENERAL CONTENTS General Principles of Geography Introduction What is Geography ..... x Practical Value of Geography . x Natural Conditions Situation . x Gjnfiguratio.n x Climate Importance of Climate .... xi Causes Affecting Climate ... xi (1) Latitude xi (2) Altitude xi (3) Nearness to the Sea ... xi (4) Direction of Prevailing Wind . xi (5) Direction of Mountain Ranges ki (6) Slope of the Country . xi (7) Nature of the Soil ... xi Maritime and Continental Climates xi Atmospheric Pressure .... xi The Barometer xi Isobars xii Isotherms xii Winds xii Kinds of Winds xii Trade Winds xii The Doldrums xiii Monsoons xiii Horse Latitudes xiii Westerly Winds xiii Hot and Cold Winds .... xiii DisTRUiUTioN OF Life Evoliition xiii Adapuition to Environment . . xiii Effect u] on Environment . . . xiv Factors .n Distribution .... xiv Littoral .\reas xiv Pelagic Area xiv Abyssal Area xiv Fluvial Area xv Terrestrial Area xv Evolutinn of Faunas ..... xv 1. Vegei vtion Forests XV Grasslaniis and Savannas . xvi Tundras xvi Ice Desc . . . . .~ xvi Mountai'. Vegetation .... xvi Deserts xvi Pelagic Vi mt.s xvi 2. Animal:- Rciatioi'. ; and Plant Life . xvi Movemt :iials . xvi Sea.sonai ••i.igc.s . . . . xvi Animal L'e of the Forests . . . xvii Animal LtCe of Grassland and Scrub Lands xvii Animal I'fe of the Deserts xvii Animal Life of the Tundras ' xvii Sea Animals and their Distribution . xvii Barriers to Distribution xvii Mar'"! I -f'uence on Animal Distri- hu'-H . .' . . . xviii 3. Ma.- Division .f .Mankind .wiii £.|,; V „. t;i ..,-!. .... xviii M ■' uv .... .wiii Au.wi . , >.,J xviii Cauca .; or V\ hite . . : . .wiii Culture ■'« lies xix Man's P I Hill xix "JOVERNMI- ; Monarcl" ^ ' xix ^public. xix 'JAOE xxi »oR" 'v Land _ .'tiv Tethods ' \n i. Transport by Water Steamships xxi Rivalry Between Steam and Sail . xxi Recent Improvements .... xxi Canals xxi Ship Canals xxii Panama Canal xxii The New Atlas Maps and Their Uses Variety of Maps . Scale of Maps Direction on a Map . Geographical Measures xxv xxv xxv xxv Prime Meridians xxv Topographical Maps .... xxv Use of Maps xxv What the Maps tell us . . . xxvi-xxxi Alphabetical Contents of New Atlas xxxii Atlas 1-240 The World as the Home of Man Glimpses of Lands and Peoples EITROPE Europe Its Central Position 243 Its Relation to America .... 243 Races of Europe 243 Synopsis 244 United Kingdom Historical Sketch 245 British Energy 246 British Domesticity .... 246 Dislike of Change 246 Stability .246 Many-headed and Many-nationed . 246 Pacific Type of Civilization . 247 Free Trade 247 English Cottage Gardens .... 247 Horse-racing 248 The Derby 248 Yorkshire 249 A Leeds Mill 249 The Collier 249 Flint Mining Extraordinary . 249 London ......... 250 London Railway Stations . 250 Edinburgh ....**... 250 Glasgow and the Clyde . .251 Highland Dress 251 A Whiff of Ireland 251 An Irish Bog ....... 251 Ireland Fifty Years Ago .... 252 Land Reform 252 Aid for Western Ireland .... 252 Irish Agricultural Labourer . 252 Present Condition of Ireland 252 Synopsis of United Kingdom 253 England and Wales 253 Scotland 254 Ireland 254 Norway Historical Sketch 2^6 Grandeur of the Fiords .... 256 Synopsis of Norway .... 256 Sweden Historical Sketch 257 Stockholm ^57 Life in Sweden 257 S5'nopsis of Sweden 257 Denmark Historical Sketch 258 \ National Art 258 ^ D-.nlsIi CIlU :,!.,, . . . 2C8 Amsterdam Synopsis of > he Netherlanii -50 ZfjO Belgium Historical Sketch 260 Burgher Life in Brussels .... 261 Employment of Dogs .... 261 Synopsis of Belgium 261 France Historical Sketch 262 Alsace-Lorraine 262 Alsarian Frugality 262 A Bird's-eye View of France . 263 Stilt Walkers of the Landes . 263 Paris 264 Motoring in Paris ..... 264 Marseilles 265 Hints to Motorists in France . 265 Synopsis of France 265 German Empire Historical Sketch ..... 267 Anti-Prussian Sentiment in Germany 267 Evolution of German Industry . . 267 Cessation of Emigration . 268 Industrv and World-Policy . 268 Beriin " 268 Embodiment of Hohenzollern Char- acter 269 Hamburg 269 Beer Industry 266 The Three Loves of Germany . 269 Amber Fishes of the Baltic . 270 Synopsis of the German Empire . 270 Russia Historical Sketch 272 The Cossacks 272 Strange Customs in Little Russia 272 Petrograd and Its Workmen 272 A Russian Fair 273 A Moujik's Cottage 273 Superstitions 273 The Finns 274 The Dead Land of Poland . . 275 Synopsis of Russia in Europe . . 275 AUSTRIA-HU^'GARY Historical Sketch 276 The Passing Show in Vienna .276 Primitive Customs .... 276 Agriculture in Hungary .... 271. A Slovak Village 277 A Synopsis of Austria-Hungary 277 Switzerland Hktorical Sketch 278 Climbing the Alps . ..... 278 Synopsis of Switzerland .... 278 Italy Historical Sketch 279 Italia Irredenta 27<; A Great Nation 277 The Woman Country .... 279 A Day in Rome 279 Venice, the City of Lagoons . .;So The Grand Canal 280 America in Italy 280 Synopsis of Italy 281 Spain Historical Sketc'; 281 A Bull-Fight 281 Synopsis of Spai.T 282 Portugal Historical Sketcli 282 Lisbon 283 The Night Watchman .... 283 Th? Dog in Portugal . . . . ; 283 Life in die Azores 283 Syiiopsis of Portugal .... 283 Balkan States Historical Sketch 284 Crete 2S4 ImDPessions of Montenegro . . . 284 -•->>><: ... 285 .-.'A ... 28s A Serbian iiunil 285 Bulgarian Msrriagt . ... 286 A Curious Custom . 286 Rose Culture . ... 286 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS XI ways have been constructed across the Appalachians the ■effect of the ridges is still apparent, for transport is only easy where the valleys of the Mohawk and Hudson rivers form a natural road; hence, at the seaward end of this road has de- veloped New York, by far the greatest port of the con- tinent.' To illustrate the effect of configuration on the industries of a people let us take a glance at Norway. We see that the ■country is a vast, rocky table-land cut into by innumerable fiords, and that a large part is absolutely barren. A line of small rocky islands protects the inshore from the storms of the North Sea, and within which the water is nearly always calm. On account of the barrenness of the soil, we look to the mountains and the coast for some indication of the lead- ing products and industries. Nor are we disappointed, for lumber and fish are the chief resources of Norway. The abundance of lumber has given rise to various wood in- dustries, from shipbuilding to matches, while the fisheries are very extensive. CLIMATE Importance of Climate. — Let us first distinguish between weather and climate. By weather we mean the amount of heat, moisture, and wind in a particular place at a particular time. Climate shows the average atmospheric conditions, especially in regard to their effect upon animal and vegetable life. Weather deals with special instances; climate shows the general condition, and is the sum and average of weather. In regard to the productions and communications of a country, its climate is of more importance than its coast- line or its relative elevation. Methods of cultivation in tem- perate climates differ widely from those in hot or cold regions. The commercial industry in harbours that are frozen for several months in the year differs greatly from that of har- bours that are always accessible. The social life also in mild winter climates is different from the social life in northern cities. Causes Affecting Climate. — The principal causes which affect climate are: (i) latitude; (2) .altitude; (3) nearness to the sea; (4) direction of prevailing winds; (5) direction of mountain ranges; (6) slope of the country; and (7) nature of the soil. (i) Latitude. — The temperature of a place varies with its distance from, the equator. Within the tropics the sun's rays are, at one place or another, vertical at noon; therefore a greater number of rays fall upon a square foot of ground than in those parts of the world where the rays are sloping. (2) Altitude. — The temperature decreases the higher we rise, the thermometer falling one degree for every 333 feet of rise above the sea-level. Those who live on mountains or elevated plains within the tropics enjoy temperate climates. Quito, in South America, although practically on the equator, has a mild and spring-like climate due to its elevation of 9,348 feet. In India, during the hot season, people may escape the intense heat of the plains by going to some hill- station, such as Simla or Darjeeling in the Himalayas. (3) Nearness to the Sea. — The sea becomes heated more slowly than the land, but it takes in more heat and retains it longer. Hence the effect of the sea is to temper the climate, rendering it milder in winter and cooler in summer. Greater extremes of temperature and less rainfall will be experienced in the heart of a continent than near the sea. For example, the climate of England is much milder than that of parts of 'J. F. Unstead and E. G. Taylor, "General and Regional Geography" (1916). Russia in the same latitude, while the rainfall of Russia is much less. In North America, owing to its size and the con- sequent distance of its interior from the sea, the climate ranges between great heat and great cold. (4) Direction of Prevailing Winds. — ^Winds coming from warm regions raise the temperature of the atmosphere. Thus the sirocco, which blows from the Libyan Desert, makes the air in Italy extremely hot for the time being. The pre- vailing southwest winds bring warmth and moisture from the Gulf Stream to Great Britain, whereas the east wind blowing over the cold plains of Russia reaches the British Isles as a cold, dry wind. The southwest monsoons, which blow from May to September, modify the Indian climate to a consider- able degree. (5) Direction of Mountain Ranges. — Mountains act as a barrier against the winds. For instance, the Himalayas protect India from the cold winds of northern Asia. If the Carpathians were removed from the northeast of the Hungarian Plain, that plain would be swept by cold northeast winds in the winter and would not be so fertile. Mountain ranges also condense the moisture in the air; and, when the prevailing winds are from the ocean, cause an abundant rainfall. Thus the Rocky Mountains arrest the clouds coming from the Pacific, and compel them to part with their moisture. The damp side of a mountain range is generally well wooded, while on its dry side there is only sufficient moisture for grass. (6) Slope of the Country. — A country that slopes away from the rays of the sun will not be so fertile as one that slopes toward them. In the northern hemisphere, the most fertile lands slope to the south; in the southern hemisphere, to the north. Planters of fruit trees are well aware of this fact. In the United States grapes and other fruits are grown in a southern aspect, while in New Zealand they are grown in a northern aspect. * (7) Nature of the Soil. — If a soil be hard and sandy, it will retain much heat in the day and give it out rapidly at night. Thus, it is the porous character of the sand that causes both the intensely cold nights and hot days in desert regions. If a soil be clayey, and particularly if it be well covered with vegetation, it will hold a great deal of water and will part with the heat more slowly. For this reason seeds may be sown in clayey soils later in the year than in sandy soils. Nor is a forest region subject to sudden floods. The cutting down of the forests on the western slopes of the Alps has resulted in very sudden and dangerous floodings of the Rhone. Maritime and Continental Climates. — ^The climate of a country is described as maritime or continental according to the proximity to the sea. A. maritime or oceanic climate is distinguished by mildness and moisture. A continental cli- mate is marked by dryness, with extreme cold in winter and intense heat in summer. Such a climate may be affected, as in Ontario, by the proximity of lakes. Atmospheric Pressure. — Like all other forms of matter, air has weight and is subject to the law of gravitation. It is obvious, therefore, that the air must exert a certaii? amount of pressure on every body which it touches. Tlie pressure of the air at sea-level is 15 pounds to each square inch. Air is also very elastic; hence the layers of air at the surface of the earth are denser and more compressed than those above them. It follows that the density and pressure diminish rapidly as we i; ascend. The Barometer. — The barometer is the instrument with which we measure atmospheric weight and pressure. The mercury in the tube is balanced by the weight of the air out- xu GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS side. If the air is heavy, then the mercury rises; if light, it falls. Cold, dry air is the heaviest; warm, dry air comes next; and warm, moist air is the lightest of all. The barometer is also used to measure altitude. At sea- level the barometer usually stands at 30 inches. For every 1,000 feet we ascend, the barometer falls one inch; thus if we go up 10,000 feet the barometer will stand at only 20 inches. By carefully watching the readings of the barometer, it is found that the pressure varies according to the time of day. This is especially the case in the tropics, where these diurnal variations are so regular that a barometer might be made to serve as a clock. It is also found that the height of the mer- cury varies with the seasons. In warm climates the pressure gradually diminishes from winter to summer, although the range is very small. In summer, therefore, the pressure is less than in winter in the two hemispheres owing to the greater evaporation. Isobars. — Isobars (Greek isos, equal; baros, weight) are lines drawn on the map connecting all places of equal pres- sure. The daily weather charts, upon which such lines are shown, are issued by the Weather Bureau at Washington and by the meteorological office in London and elsewhere, based on information received by telegraph from various stations. It is from such information that daily forecasts of the weather can be issued with considerable accuracy. Isotherms.— Isotherms (Greek isos, equal; therme, heat), or isothermal lines, are lines drawn upon a map or chart connect- ing places of the same temperature. These lines will be found to vary from month to month over the two hemispheres, or over local areas, during summer and winter. If it were not for the various causes which affect climate, the isothermal lines would coincide with the parallels of latitude. The mean daily temperature is the average of 24 houriy observations of the thermometer; and the average of the 365 mean daily temperatures, taken in a year, gives the mean annual temperature for that year. But although places may have the same mean annual temperature, they may have very different climates. London and Vienna have nearly the same mean annual temperature, yet London has a mean winter temperature of 37° and a mean summer temperature of 64 ; while Vienna has a mean winter temperature of 29°, and a mew summer temperature of 70°. Thus the climate of Vienna is more extreme and continental than that of London, which enjoys a milder or maritime climate, although both ciries receive in the year almost exactly the same amount of heat from the sun. Winds.— Winds are motions of the atmosphere caused by differences in its temperature and density. When the air is heated, it expands and becomfes lighter. Its equilibrium is destroyed, and as the heated air rises the colder surrounding air rushes in to take its place. The earth is at all seasons completely surrounded by two . ro M T ""lo^Phf "c pressure, one lying in about latitude 35 M-.. the other m about latitude 30° S. On the equatorial sides of these belts pressure diminishes to a minimum near the equator, and on the polar sides a similar diminution occurs, extending to very high latitudes, if not to the poles. 1 he circulation arising from this distribution of pressure may be summarized as follows : H,sher South Lamudes. . Strong W. and N.W. winds .''Br"versrwinl" The position of all these belts changes with the season; but the range of movement is comparatively small, and the ex- treme positions are reached from one to two months after the solstices.' Kinds of Winds.— Winds are described as constant, periodic, or variable. They also receive names in accordance with their direcrion, strength, and temperature. Strong winds are called gales, storms, hurricanes, cyclones, torna- does, etc., according to their velocity. Strong winds have both a rotary and an onward motion, hence all storms are cyclonic in character. In the northern hemisphere, the wind in such storms rotates in the contrary direction to that of the hands of a clock, but travels forward in a clockwise di- rection. In the southern hemisphere these motions are re- versed, the air in the storm rotating with the hands of a clock, but advancing in the opposite direction. In the northern hemisphere if we stand with our back to the wind the centre of the storm is on the left hand; in the southern hemisphere the opposite is the case. Cyclonic storms are the most vio- lent in the West Indies, the Indian Ocean, and the China Sea. They occur most frequently at the same season of the year— from July to October in the northern hemisphere, and from January to May in the southern hemisphere. These storms are usually accompanied by a heavy fall of rain. Trade Winds.— The most important of the constant winds are the northeast and southeast trade winds, or "trades," so called from their use in oversea trade. The air in the tropics, being intensely heated, rises and flows toward the north and south as an upper current; while the cold air flows in toward the equator to take its place. If the earth were at rest, and its surface either wholly land or wholly water, there would be only two sets of winds — a north and a south toward the equator on the surface, and return winds in the upper regions toward the poles. But the earth rotates from west to east, places at the equator moving at the rate of 1,000 miles an hour; while as we go north or south the cir- cumference of the earth becomes less and less, and the velocity of rotation diminishes. Thus air moving toward the equator travels more slowly than those parts of the earth over which it is passing, and appears to come from the north- east or southeast instead of from due north or due south. For a space of about 30° on either side of the equator the trade winds blow almost due northeast and southeast, but as they approach the equator their course becomes nearly east because of the great friction of the air against the earth's sur- face. In the Atlantic the N. E. trade extends from lat. 9° N. to 30° N.; in the Pacific from 9° N. to 26° N. The S. E. trade varies from 4° N. to 22° S. in the Atlantic, and from 4° N. to 23° S. in the Pacific; but the limits change with the season, shifting a little with the advance and retreat of the sun. The current of hot air rising from the tropics forms in the upper regions of the atmosphere two counter currents flowing toward the poles. As these winds blow in an opposite di- rection to that of the trade winds, they are called the anti- trades. After leaving the tropics these two great con- trary currents of air become chilled and heavier and begin to descend, reaching the earth's surface in the temperate zones at about 30° N. and 30° S. latitude. It is interesting to notice the effects of these regular winds on trade-routes, e. g., the clipper route from London to Mel- bourne or from Liverpool to Bombay. The route is the same IH. R. Mill, "The International Geography" (1916). GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS xui for both places as far as the Tropic of Capricorn, and the two main objects of the skipper are to get the full use of the N. E. trade-winds blowing with him north of the equator, and to avoid the full strength of the S. E. trade-winds blowing against him south of the equator. With this double object in view, he hugs the European coast so as to make the Canary Islands, just as south of "the line" he hugs the American coast as far as the Tropic of Capricorn. There the two routes separate. The Melbourne-bound boat keeps on southward till she is from 300 to 400 miles south of the lati- tude of Melbourne before she turns due east, for Melbourne itself is north of the Forties, and thus she will get the full ad- vantage of the Brave West Winds. The route of the Bom- bay boat varies with the season. If it is the season of the S. W. monsoons, i. e., April to October, she hugs the African coast, and makes a straight course up the Mozambique Channel; but if it is the season of the N. E. trades, i. e., October to April, she drops southward from the Cape into the Forties, and then keeps on from 2,000 to 3,000 miles eastward before she turns northward. And even then, after passing the Tropic of Capricorn, she holds eastward again, so that she approaches Bombay from the south^aj/.' The Doldrums. — As the two trades meet at or near the equator, it follows that if both are blowing with the same force they must neutralize each other and produce a calm. This zone of calms is known to sailors as the doldrums, and varies in breadth from 150 miles to 500 miles. This central calm belt is generally found between 3° and 9" N. lat. The reason why it is found north of the equator is this: The oceans in the southern hemisphere being much broader than those in the northern, the southeast trades constitute a larger body of wind than the northeast trades and push back the latter. The zone of calms is continually changing its po- sition, following the sun northward in summer and south- ward in winter. It is subject to heavy and constant rains and violent thunder-storms. When either of the trades is stronger than the other, light breezes blow usually from the east; hence the zone is also called the zone of variable winds. Monsoons. — ^The chief periodic winds are the monsoons (Arabic mausim, a season), which are characteristic of the Indian Ocean. During our summer, the air over the vast plateau in southern Asia becomes greatly heated and rarefied. The ordinary northeast trades are in consequence deflected from their course and completely turned round, thus becom- ing a southwest monsoon. The southwest monsoon {yuet monsoon) blows from the end of April to the middle of October; the northeast monsoon {dry monsoon) blows from the middle of October to April, that is when the sun is south of the equator. The "breaking of the monsoon," when one monsoon changes into the other, is usually accompanied by torrential rains and violent storms. Horse Latitudes. — ^The belts of high atmospheric pres- sure in 30° to 35° on either side of the equator are commonly known as the horse latitudes. That part of the northern belt which is over the Atlantic Ocean is the one commonly referred to. The horse latitudes are notorious for their baffling winds and tedious calms. They present a marked contrast to the equatorial belt in the dryness and the freshness of the air and the light rainfall. Westerly Winds. — ^The anti-trades north of 30° N. lat. and south of 30° S. lat. are known as the Prevailing Westerlies or Westerly Winds. In the northern hemisphere, the preva- lent wind is the warm southwest; in the southern hemisphere, the warm northwest. The Westerlies exist throughout the greater part of the temperate zones, and are the ones with which Europeans are most familiar. These winds south of •L. W. Lyde, " M»n on the Earth." the equator are known to all readers of sea stories as the Brave West Winds; on account of their being most prevalent in 40° to 49° S. lat., they are described as blowing in the Roaring Forties. Hot and Cold Winds. — Many variable winds have special local names. Thus the hot, parching wind which blows from the African deserts, passing over southern Italy, is called the sirocco; the same wind in Turkey is called the samiel. A similar wind in Spain is called the solano; in Switzerland it is known as the foehn. In Egypt the hot southwesterly wind from the Sahara is called khamsin (an Arabic word meaning "fifty"), so called because it blows for about fifty days from April to June. In Syria and Arabia, a similar hot, violent, dust-laden wind is called simoom (from an Arabic word mean- ing "to poison"). In the south of France a cold, dry wind from the Alps is called the mistral. There are many other names for local winds. DISTRIBUTION OF LIFE Evolution. — ^The mystery of life is one of the great un- solved puzzles of the universe, and remains a standing challenge to the biologist, the chemist, and every educated man. Science, however, is able to explain in great measure life's unfoldment. All vegetable and animal organisms of the present day have been slowly evolved from those of former ages. Before modem science had sufficiently lifted the veil that shrouded the past it was commonly thought that the history of the earth was a succession of "terrible events and revolutions,"' and that a complete and instantaneous destruction of a florc? and fauna^ took place, followed by a sudden appearance of new life forms as if at the bidding of a magician. Such beliefs were rudely shaken by Darwin and Wallace, who advanced the theory that the various types of animals and plants have developed by descent from former types. This theory of evolution, which involves also the descent of man from some lower ape-like animal, was supported from the first by Huxley in England and Haeckel in Germany, and is now generally accepted by scientists. Men now see that instead of undermining religion, the idea of evolution uplifts creation, and makes it not an unnatural happening in the dim past but a divine activity that is continuous throughout all time. Adaptation to Environment. — Every organism that survives does so by adapting itself to its situation. The re- lation of every living thing to its environment concerns both the biologist and the geographer. Ordinarily speaking, environment applies only to immediate surroundings, but in a strict sense it includes everything that may in any manner affect the organism — light and heat, alternations of day and night, and of summer and winter, and the like — to all of these, as well as to more immediate influences, the organism is sensitive. Whatever tends to destroy the harmony be- tween any life form and its environment tends also to disturb or destroy life. This is a fundamental law of nature. In- deed, Spencer has defined life itself as "the continuous adjust- ment of internal relations to external relations."* External conditions are not constant. Besides the daily and seasonal changes to which an organism must adapt it- self, more violent changes may take place in the history of a *Cuvier, •* Discours lur les Revolutiom du Globe." ^FLORA, the plants collectively of a particular region or epoch. 'FAUNA, collectively, the animals peculiar to a region or epoch. '"Principlei of Biology " (1881). XIV GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS species. For instance, a plain may be upheaved and become a plateau, or a mountain range may be submerged till it becomes a line of small islands, in which case corresponding changes of structure must be undergone to meet the altered conditions. Some animals will migrate while the change is taking place. Those that remain and are not sufficiently plastic to adjust themselves to the new environment must surrender and die. Fossil remains make it clear to us that numbers of different types have met this fate. This process of adaptation is called by Darwin "Natural Selection," and by Spencer the "Survival of the Fittest." Effect upon Environment. — Not only does environment affect an organism, but organisms are fitted to make certain exchanges with their environment, drawing from it certain forms of energy and returning to it matter and energy in some other form. Worms, as Darwin showed, effect a con- tinual transformation of the soil by bringing the deeper layers to the surface where they are exposed to the atmosphere, and by dragging superficial objects into the burrows; thus marked chemical changes take place, for the action of the animal on environment is that of an oxidizing agent. The whole life of an organism is an unconscious struggle to wrest the means of subsistence from the environment. Excepting man, it is doubtful whether any animal is conscious of the actual process of adaptation; but though the process be un- conscious it is there nevertheless. Factors in Distribution. — Why is it that certain forms of life prevail in one region and not in another? Why, for instance, are the marsupial animals (except the American opossums) now confined to Australasia? Why are there no amphibians on oceanic islands?. Why are some regions treeless and others grassless? Such questions as these will juggest themselves to any thinking person, and the answer must be sought among the factors which determine distribu- tion. Plants require light, heat, and moisture; and where these elements are abundant, as in the tropics, there we find the greatest development of vegetable life. Animals are dependent on climate, food, and shelter, and like plants they are more or less restricted in their habitats. In the 1 topics, again, we find that animal life is most exuberant in point of size, numbers, strength, and beauty. The inhabi- tants of the rich and sheltered lowtands are distinct from 1 hose of the mountain slopes, and these again from those of ■ he higher and colder elevations. In the same manner the marine animals of the shallow waters differ from those of 1 he deeper ocean. Other factors are the location of the original headquarters of the stock (usually uncertain), and the means of dispersal. ". wide distribution usually suggests unusual facilities for • lispersal. Thus insects are found almost every^vhere; for most can fly, or are drifted with the wind, or are borne from place to place in the form of eggs or cocoon. On a volcanic sland out in the ocean mammals are rarely found, which is explained by the fact that most mammals have limited 50wers of swimming. The occasional presence of small ■odents on such an island would usually indicate that a vreck or a drifting raft had brought them there. Changes of the earth's crust and climate also help to explain distribu- I ion. For example, Asia was undoubtedly connected at one lime with America by land across Bering Strait. This 'fact will account for the fossil remains of the horse, bison, and mammoth in Alaska, and enables us to understand the many common features between North American and European faunas. Bearing in mind thes>.' factors, it v i I l - seen tnat the lolu method of dividing animal and plant life into geographical realms is somewhat misleading; hence we will adopt a more fundamental and scientific grouping by dividing the animal and vegetable world into the following areas: the littoral (inhabiting the seashore), pelagic (inhabiting the open ocean), abyssal (inhabiting the depths of the oz&zn), fluvial (inhabit- ing rivers and other fresh water), and the terrestrial (inhabit- ing the land). Littoral Area. — The littoral area extends from high-tide mark to a depth of about loo fathoms. It is the meeting- place of air, water, and land, and is probably the richest in life forms. ' It includes the majority of the seaweeds, and representatives of almost every family from the Infusorians to birds and an occasional mammal. The lower boundary of this area is known as the mud line, which Sir John Murray regards as "the great feeding ground in the ocean," and as the primary haunt from which animals migrated to the deep sea. The most valuable fishing grounds are in the relatively shallow waters on the continental shelf, or littoral plateau, of the temperate lands. Pelagic Area. — The organisms that live in the open sea are divisible into the plankton (floating), the nekton (actively swimming), and the benthos (attached to or crawling along the bottom). The plankton is now commonly taken to include the nekton as well. Scientific investigation of these pelagic organisms dates from the British Challenger expedition (1872-1876). Ocean life that exists in the first 100 fathoms is called epiplankton, and its wealth and variety are almost inconceivable. In the first hundred fathoms at sea the fall of tempera- ture is gradual and slight, and forms practically no hindrance to the diurnal oscillation of the oceanic epiplankton — the alleged rise and fall of almost the entire fauna. Roughly speaking, the greatest number of animals is nearest the sur- face at midnight; but different species sink and rise at differ- ent times, and to or from different depths. Apart from this diurnal oscillation, unfavourable conditions at the surface send or keep the fauna down in a remarkable way: for ex- ample, in the Bay of Biscay few organisms are to be found in the first fathom in bright sunlight, but on a still, hot day the next few fathoms teem with life; yet after a few minutes' wind or rain these upper layers will be found almost de- serted.' Abyssal Area. — This is the home of the benthos, the flora and fauna that live on the bottom of the ocean. The researches of the Challenger and analogous expedi- tions have made it certain that there is no depth-limit to the distribution of animal life, that there are in the great abysses representatives of most of the classes from Protozoa to fishes, and that the distribution of some types tends to be cosmo- politan in correspondence with the uniformity of the physical conditions. As to these physical conditions, the deep-sea world is in darkness, apart from occasional "phosphorescence," for a sensitive photographic plate is not influenced below 250-500 fathoms; the temperature is about freezing point, the heat of the sun being practically lost at about 150 fathoms; the pressure is enormous, about 2§ tons per square inch at 200 fathoms; the cold water in sinking brings down a rela- tively large proportion of oxygen; it is quite calm, for the effects of the greatest storms are only felt near the surface. There are no plants, apart from the resting stages of a few doubtful algoid forms, for typical vegetable life is depen- dent upon light, and not even bacteria, otherwise so omni- present, are known to occur in the great depths. The animals feed on one another and on the organic debris which sinks down from above. ^''LiKyclopscdia Bricaani^a' , lien ..... on, vol. 21, p. 724. GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS XV Modern research has yielded no result more stimulating to the imagination than the tidings of this strange, silent, cold, dark, plantless world and its numerous inhabitants.^ One of the chief barriers to the horizontal distribution of pelagic organisms is the junction of opposing currents. For example, the warm southwest Mozambique Current meets a northeast branch of the cold Antarctic Drift off Natal and forms a practically impassable barrier. Discon- tinuous distribution is also apparent where physical barriers have intersected a certain area. Dr. G. H. Fowler cites the following example: The Isthmus of Panama was apparently only upraised about Miocene time, having been previously an archipelago through which a great circumequatorial current could pass; consequently the benthos of the Panama region shows marked alliance with the Caribbean, with which it was formerly continuous, but practically none with the Indo- Pacific. . . . The damming of a great circumequatorial current by the Isthmus of Panama is probably also responsible for that dislocation of currents which resulted in the present relations of the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift to the Labrador Current, and cut the Atlantic Boreal fauna into two discontinuous districts. Fluvial Area. — The fresh-water faunas and floras may be distinguished as: (i) the recent migrants, e. g., the simple polyp Cordylophora which has been carried by boats up rivers and canals; (2) the survivors of the inhabitants of an ancient sea, e. g., many of the molluscs of Lake Tanganyika in central Africa; (3) the cosmopolitan forms which include some pro- tozoa, numerous small crustaceans, hydra, fresh-water sponges, and some varieties of worms. Many of these smaller forms are readily transported on birds' feet and otherwise from one water basin to another. Terrestrial Area. — Regarding the origin of land animals, it is presumed that organisms travelled inland from the shores of sea and river, or became able to survive the drying up of lagoons. This transition must have come about slowly and gradually. Professor H. Simroth, in his Entsuhung der Landlhiere, seeks to show that hard skins, cross-striped muscle, red blood, and so on, were acquired as the transition to terrestrial life was effected. Evolution of Faunas. — The historical relations of the great faunas suggest various possibilities. According to Moseley: The fauna of the coast has not only given origin to the terrestrial and fresh-water faunas, it has throughout all time, since life originated, given additions to the pelagic fauna in return for having received some of these pelagic forms back again, to assume a fresh littoral existence. The terrestrial fauna has returned some forms to the shores, such as certain shore-birds, seals, and the polar bear; and some of them, such as the whales and a small oceanic insect, Halobates, have returned thence to pelagic life. The deep-sea fauna has probably been formed almost entirely from the littoral, not in the most remote antiquity, but only after food, derived from the debris of the littoral and the terrestrial faunas and floras, became abundant in deep water. It was in the littoral region that all the primary branches of the zoological family tree were formed; all terrestrial and deep-sea forms have passed through a littoral phase, and amongst the representatives of the littoral fauna the recapit- ulative history in the form of series of larval conditions is most completely retained. According to Agassiz, Simroth, and others, a littoral fauna was the original one, whence have been derived, on the one hand, the pelagic and abyssal faunas, and, on the other hand, the fresh-water and terrestrial faunas. Thus, when ancient philosophy maintained, with Thales, that everything had issued from the sea, it voiced an opinion which modern science regards as an accepted fact. I. VEGETATION The chief vegetation types are the forest, the grassland, and the desert, corresponding more or less to the wet, scantily watered, and arid regions of the earth. Forests. — ^The forests in the equatorial belt and in regions where the summer rainfall exceeds sixty inches, consist of tall trees, together with a dense profusion of plants forming a continuous carpet. Stanley gives a graphic description of "The Great Central African Forest," with its tangled mass of vegetation, the crowding and strangling to fill up every gap, the riot of. life, death, and disease. Imagine the whole of France and the Iberian peninsula closely packed with trees varying from 20 to 180 feet high, whose crowns of foliage interlace and prevent any view of sky and sun, and each tree from a few inches to four feet in diameter. Then from tree to tree run cables from two inches to fifteen inches in diameter, up and down in loops and festoons and W's and badly-formed M's; fold them round the trees in great tight coils, until they have run up the entire height like endless anacondas; let them flower and leaf luxuriantly, and mix up above with the foliage of the trees to hide the sun, then from the highest branches let fall the ends of the cables reaching near to the ground by hundreds with frayed extremities, for these represent the air roots of the epiphytes'; let slender cords hang down also in tassels with open threadwork at the ends. Work others through and through as confusedly as possible, and pendent from branch to branch — with absolute disregard of material, and at every horizontal branch plant cabbage-like lichens of the largest kind, and broad spear-leaved plants — these would represent the elephant-eared plant — and orchids and clusters of vegetable marvels, and a drapery of delicate ferns which abound. Now cover tree, branch, twig, and creeper with a thick moss like a green fur. To complete the mental picture of this ruthless forest, the ground should be strewn thickly with half-formed humus of rotting twigs, leaves, branches; every few yards there should be a prostrate giant, a reeking compost of rotten fibres, and departed generations of insects, and colonics of ants, half veiled with masses of vines and shrouded by the leafage of a multitude of baby saplings, lengthy briars and calamus in many fathom lengths, and every mile or so there should be muddy streams, stagnant creeks, and shallow pools, green with duckweed, leaves of lotus and lilies, and a greasy green scum composed of millions of finite growths.^ Temperate broad-leaved forests exist where the yearly rainfall exceeds twenty-five inches, and consist of such decidu- ous trees {i. e., those shedding their leaves annually) as the beech, oak, and maple. The undergrowth is rarely dense, and, unlike the tropical forests, there is a lack of bright flowers. Coniferous or cone-bearing forests are found in regions where the winters are severe and the rainfall scanty. The "needles" of such trees as pines, firs, and hemlocks replace the broad leaves of the deciduous forests, for this needle-like form checks transpiration and is better suited to drier conditions. These forests are also to be found in regions favourable to deciduous trees, as on the Pacific coast of North America, where the trees often attain a gigantic 'J. Arthur Thomson, **The Science of Life.'' ^Air plants. »H. M. Stanley, "In Darkest Africa" (1890). XVI GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS size. Conifers are also found on the mountains of Central Europe and on the sand barrens of the coastal plain of the United States. Grasslands and Savannas. — In the regions bordering the equatorial belt, as in the campos of Brazil and the subtropical plains of Africa, grasses and sedges predominate, the pro- longed summer drought preventing the growth of forests. Varieties of palm, eucalyptus, acacia, and baobab are found, but only singly or in small groups. Temperate grasslands, known as prairies in North America, as pampas south of the Amazon, as llanos on the Orinoco, and as steppes in southern Russia, occur in regions with hot summers and a moderate rainfall. Trees are absent or scattered. One of the aims of civilization is the extension and intensive culture of grassy vegetations, which include our cereals. In temperate latitudes, one sixth of the total number of flowering plants are annuals; in the tropics, about one twentieth; and in the polar regions, about one thirtieth. Tundras. — The tundras, or treeless plains of the northern polar regions, mark the limit of .tree vegetation, and are covered with a dense mass of mosses and lichens. The subsoil is frozen to a depth of many feet, and only the surface thaws during the short summers. The tundra passes im- perceptibly into the moor, bog, and heath of more southern latitudes. The monotony of tundra scenery has been noted by many travellers, but the tundra in several regions is not devoid of charm. Seebohm describes it as a veritable paradise in summer, and draws the following picture: In exposed situations, especially in the higher latitudes, the tundra does really merit its American name of Barren Ground, being little else than gravel beds interspersed with bare patches of peat or clay, and with scarcely a rush or a sedge to break the monotony. In Siberia, at least, this is very exceptional. By far the greater part of the tundra, both east and west of the Ural Mountains, is a gently undu- lating plain, full of lakes, rivers, swamps, and bogs. The lakes are diversified with patches of green water plants, amongst which ducks and swans float and dive; the little rivers flow between banks of rush and sedge; the swamps are masses of tall rushes and sedges of various species, where phalaropes' and ruffs breed, and the bogs are brilliant with the white flufiy seeds of the cotton-grass. The ground- work of all this variegated scenery is more beautiful and varied still — lichens and moss of almost every conceivable colour, from the cream-coloured reindeer-moss to the scarlet- cupped trumpet-moss, interspersed with a brilliant alpine flora, gentians, anemones, saxifrages, and hundreds of plants, each a picture in itself. ... In the sheltered valleys and deep water-courses a few stunted birches, and sometimes large patches of willow scrub, survive the long severe winter, and serve as cover for willow-grouse or ptarmigan.* Ice Deserts. — The ice deserts of polar and mountain regions are virtually devoid of vegetable life, except such low forms as the microscopic alga {Spharella nivalis) that produces "red snow." Mountain Vegetation. — Mountains are characterized by a succession of difi^erent types according as the altitude in- creases. In equatorial regions a complete series of vegeta- tions occurs, corresponding to the same variety of climates. These vertical belts of vegetation in the tropics are: — First Zone (from sea-level to 1,900 feet). Belt of palms, breadfruit, and bamboos. Second Zone (1,900 to 3,800 feet). Belt of tree-ferns. 'Small shore birdi resembling sandpipers. -Scottish CiOiraphictd Mataziju, IX, (1893). Third Zone (3,800 to 5,700 feet). Belt of laurels, myrtles, and cacti. Fourth Zone (5,700 to 7,500 feet). Belt of evergreens and the vine. Fifth Zone (7,500 to 9,500 feet). Belt of cereals, with orchard and deciduous forest trees. Sixth Zone (9,500 to 11,400 feet). Belt of firs and pines. Seventh Zone (11,400 to 13,300 feet). Belt of larches, alders, and willows; above 13,300 feet, saxifrages and lichens only are found. Deserts. — Deserts are barren tracts chiefly found in regions with practically no rainfall. Vegetation is scanty, and where shifting sand dunes abound may be absent alto- gether. Various species of cactus are typical of desert plant life, their thick fleshy stems retaining stores of water. On the fringe of the desert, low bushes and dwarf trees occur, with occasional stretches of grassland. Such a region is called "scrub," as in the United States, or "bush" as in Australia and South Africa. Pelagic Plants. — ^The sea possesses a fecundity so re- markable that as Columbus said, "the tongue and the hand do not suffice to describe it." In the open sea, vegetation is scanty below 200 fathoms, for beyond this depth sufficient light cannot penetrate to stimulate growth. There are an immense number of minute floating plants consisting chiefly of diatoms and blue-green algae {Schi^ophycea). These plants form the basal food supply of all pelagic animals. The immense tract of comparatively still water in the North Atlantic Ocean, known as the Sargasso Sea, presents the largest of these banks of floating seaweed. Aristotle tells us that the boldest mariners were afraid to cross its boundary, and this historic tract well-nigh hindered the discovery of America. The vessels of Columbus were so impeded by the seaweed that the sailors became alarmed for their safety and mutinously demanded to be taken back to their native country. II. ANIMALS Relation of Animal and Plant Life. — Since vegetation forms the basis of all animal life, the number of plant-feeders is determined by the abundance or scarcity of plants, while the number of flesh-feeders is determined by the number of plant-feeders. Insects, molluscs, worms, and other inverte- brates which feed on plants, form a preponderating portion of the fauna of every region, and are in turn the chief food of many birds, reptiles, and small mammals. The grazing animals, though of prime importance to man, are relatively of numerical insignificance. So also are their carnivorous enemies. Movements of Animals. — ^The quest for food is the chief reason for movement in the animal world; hence in many animals movement is the dominant note. Nor is food the sole cause of this phenomenon. Self-protection also plays its part in influencing movement. Besides these movements that conduce to the welfare of the individual, there is another class of motions that relates to racial well-being, and that has for its object the colonizing of new regions. Many animals, such as barnacles, anemones, and corals, are fixed and only perform small vibrations within a restricted radius. Others, as the snails and bivalves, are sedentary and cover little ground in a lifetime. Yet all these fixed animals, and most of the sedentary ones, have an active juvenile stage. Were it not for this early activity, the habitat of parents and offspring would soon be stripped of its food supply. Seasonal Changes. — Periodic changes In animal life occur GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS xvu in certain areas, though these changes are less marked than in the vegetable kingdom. The seasonal interruption of the food supply, as well as changes of temperature and mois- ture, cause corresponding changes in the active life of many invertebrates. Some pass the season in a state of suspended animation, others in the form of eggs or pupae, while the animals that feed upon them are driven either to lie dormant or to migrate. For example, many birds migrate northward in the spring in quest of food and nesting sites, returning in the autumn to warmer climes where life is easier to sustain. At other times it is violence that compels legions of animals to quit the place where they had established them- selves. In the countries where man does not decimate them, they swarm in such abundance, and are so crowded together, that one can scarcely understand how they exist; their num- bers are alarming. The pictures that Livingstone has drawn of the exuberance of game in wild districts of central Africa, and in particular on the banks of the Zambezi, suffice to give us an idea of the fecundity of nature. But this very fecundity is fatal to the weak tribes; the stronger ones, getting the upper hand, drive them away or annihilate them. They have no choice left, and thus forced migrations arise. When animals perform their journeys annually we observe an amount of order and foresight which are not seen in erratic migrations. During these latter the whole colony sometimes expires, overcome by the elements or hunger; not a single individual ever sees again the country which the tribe quitted in innumerable columns. In the former, on the contrary, in- structed by an experience from which all profit, the journey is performed with a degree of order that fills us with astonish- ment.^ Animal Life of the Forests.— The tropical forests teem with animal life. An exuberant variety of insects, birds of brilliant plumage, apes, monkeys, tree-frogs, tree-snakes, and other tree-dwellers abound. Owing to the density of the undergrowth the majority of the forest denizens can either climb or fly. The elephant, with its huge bulk, is alone en- abled to crush its way through the tangled growth. In the less -dense deciduous and coniferous forests, the number of ground-dwelling animals increases, and there are many ani- mals of the type of the wild boar and the wolf. The conifer- ous forests are the home of the most valuable fur-bearing animals. Animal Life of Grasslands and Scrub Lands. — These are the regions of fleet-footed grazing animals, such as the deer, antelope, and wild varieties of the horse, ass, camel, and ox. Here too are found the dependent beasts of prey — lions, tigers, jackals, and the like. Swift-running flightless birds, as the ostrich, emu, rhea, and cassowary, also are found. Rodents, too, are numerous. Animal Life of the Deserts. — Desert life is essentially restricted. Insects, rodents, reptiles, and a few birds — all of them characterized by a protective colouring of yellowish- brown, make up the animal life of the desert. The fact that almost all the desert animals agree in colouring with their surroundings explains why the traveller who is not an experienced observer often sees, at first at least, but little of the animal life. Moreover, the desert seems far poorer than it is, since it is not till dusk that most of its tenants leave their places of rest and concealment and begin to be lively .- An occasional larger animal from the outer belt of scrub or grassland may be encountered passing from oasis to oasis. 'F. A. Pouchet, " The Universe " (1906). 'A. E. Brehm, " From North Pole to Equator " (1896). The camel, with its broad padded hoof and its capacity for storing water, is admirably fitted by nature for traversing the desert wastes. . 5 Animal Life of the Tundras. — The reindeer, elk, polar bear, Arctic fox, and numerous fur-bearing animals are pecu- liar to these cold regions. The protective colouring devices of the Arctic fauna are remarkable. The Arctic fox, for example, has a brownish colouring in summer that harmonizes with the moss and lichen, but in winter its coat becomes as white as the surrounding snow. In the brief summer, flocks of birds migrate from southern latitudes to feed on the swarms of insects bred in the thaw-formed bogs and pools of the tundras. It is only by digging that one can know the tundra for what it is: an immeasurable and unchangeable ice-vault which has endured, and will continue to endure, for hundreds of thousands of years. That it has thus endured is proved indisputably by the remains of prehistoric animals embedded in it, and thus preserved for us. In 1807 Adams dug from the ice of the tundras the giant mammoth, with whose flesh the dogs of the Yakuts sated their hunger, although it must have died many thousands of years before, for the race became extinct in the incalculably distant past. The year is well advanced before the tundra begins to be visibly peopled. Of the species which never leave it one sees very little in winter. The fish which ascend its rivers from the sea are concealed by the ice; the mammals and birds which winter in it are hidden by the snow, under which they live, or whose colour they wear. Not until the snow begins to melt on the southern slopes does the animal life begin to stir. Hesitatingly the summer visitors make their appear- ance. The wolf follows the wild reindeer, the army of summer birds follows the drifting ice blocks on the streams. Some of the birds remain still undecided in the regions to the south, behave as if they would breed there, then suddenly disappear from their resting-place by the way, fly hastily to the tundra, begin to build directly on their arrival, lay their eggs, and brood eagerly, as though they wished to make up for the time gained by their relatives in the South.' Multitudes of sea fowl have their home in the polar regions, for the lack of vegetation makes the ocean the only source of food. Sea Animals and Their Distribution. — ^The sea is ten- anted by a profusion of living creatures. Conditions are favourable to fecundity. There is an abundance of room, of sunshine, and of food; hence, the struggle for existence is relatively mild. The pelagic or sea animals present a great variety of type, from the minute Noctiluca, which in their myriads create phosphorescent furrows in the wake of ships, to the giant whales. If we divide the sea into three portions by lines drawn through latitude 40 north and south of the equator, we have a belt of warm ocean water in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, while north and south of this lie the temperate and the arctic caps of water. Speaking generally, the fauna of the warm belt is distinctive and fairly uniform in all parts of the world, whilst that of the two caps is again uniform, but quite diff^erent from that of the equatorial zone. Many of the fish, Crustacea, and the minute animals of the cold north- ern seas are met with again on the coast of Patagonia and of South Africa. The arctic right whale has its counterpart in the southern right whale of the antarctic. The movements of all these boreal and hyperboreal animals follow the tracks of cold water: for example, the arctic whales follow the cold Labrador current that sets down the Newfoundland coast. . . . Each fauna appears to die out, however, if trans- ferred to sea-water of a different density of temperature. »A. E. Brehm, *' From North Pole to Equator" (1896). XVIU GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS The vast majority of marine animals have no power of alter- ing their constitution to suit water of a new degree of salinity. Their movements are controlled so as to keep them in the stream or drift of that kind of water to which they are, as it were, attuned, and a very slight change in the water is fatal either to themselves or to their offspring. ^ Barriers to Distribution. — The chief barriers to the dispersal of land animals are: (i) impassable stretches of water, e. g., the Palk Strait has formed an effectual barrier to the passage of the tiger from India to Ceylon; (2) deserts, e. g., the Sahara has prevented the fusion of the mammals belonging to the north and south of that tract; (3) high mountain ranges, especially when they run in an east-and- west direction as in the Old World, e. g., the mammals of Tibet are as distinct as those of any continental island. Man's Influence on Animal Distribution. — Man has exerted a marked influence on the distribution of animals, either by destroying them or by transporting them to locali- ties removed from their natural home. The early emigrants to America brought their domestic animals with them, and now horses and cattle are completely naturalized in the New World. The settlers in Australia and other countries have introduced their domestic animals where they were previously unknown. The fallow deer was imported from its Mediter- ranean habitat into northern Europe; while the rabbit was carried to the Antipodes from Great Britain, and has flour- ished in such an unprecedented manner that its extermina- tion would be hailed as a national boon. Similarly destruc- tive have been the goats and pigs imported into a number of oceanic islands. The English sparrow, brought by man to America, is yet another instance of this prolific increase. Man also has been the involuntary agent for conveying the common rat and mouse to the New World and to every other country where they were unknown. It is likewise quite impossible to say what part man may have played in the extermination of the large mammals that inhabited Europe about the close of the glacial period, but it seems quite probable that he may have had a considerable share in their destruction. Be this as it may, the domestica- tion of certain mammals has undoubtedly had the effect of destroying the wild race, as is remarkably exemplified by the two existing species of camel, of neither of which do we know the original habitat. The original European wild ox— un- less, indeed, the half-wild cattle of the British parks be its direct descendants — has likewise disappeared at some un- known epoch owing to the hand of man. Although other mammals, such as the quagga (Equus quagga), Burchell's rhinoceros {Rhinoceros simus), and the blaubok {Hippotragus leucophesus) have been almost or completely exterminated by human agency in South Africa, while the American bison has been practically swept away from its native prairies, yet in all these instances there is a more or less full record of the original range of the creatures. In other cases also mammals have been utterly exterminated by human agency from countries of which they were originally inhabitants, as is exemplified by the disappearance from the British ■ Islands of the bear, the wolf, the beaver, and the wild boar within the historic period, although they still survive in other ■parts of their habitat.^ III. MAN Divisions of Mankind. — The genus Homo (Man) is on the whole cosmopolitan, for man is able to adapt himself to environment in every part of the globe. In the icy Arctic regions, in the sweltering tropics, on lofty table-lands, and in «". W. Gamble, " The Animil World " (1911). *K. Lydekker, "A Geographical History of Mammals " {1896). countries below the level of the sea, man makes his habita- tion. As Dr. H. R. Mill well says: Alone amongst the animals man, in virtue of his higher intelligence, has the power, while always under the control of his surroundings, to react upon his environment in such a way as to render its action more beneficial to himself. By cultivation and breeding he alters the character and the distribution of plants and animals, by works of draining and irrigation he modifies the natural watering of the land, by cutting canals and building dykes he changes the relative positions of land and sea even to the severance of continents. Engineering works enable him to overcome the resistance to free movement presented by vast stretches of waste land, great rivers, mountains, and the ocean itself. Ethnologists divide mankind into four primary groups — the Ethiopic or Black, the Mongolic or Yellow, the American or Red, and the Caucasic or White. This division is partly based on colour and partly on geographical distribution. Ethiopic or Black. — The Ethiopic, Negro, or Black type is distinguished by deep brown or black skin; short, black, and woolly hair; sparse beard; thick, everted lips; broad, flat nose; prominent black eyes, with yellowish cornea; and flat foot. The Black type is found in tropical and subtropical regions, and is usually of primitive culture unless educated by contact with whites. Mongolic or Yellow. — The Mongolic or Yellow type is characterized by various shades of yellow; small, concave nose; thin lips; prominent cheek bones; small, oblique black eyes; and long, coarse, and black hair, with no beard. The Mongolic type occupies the greater part of Asia, and is capable of a high culture. American or Red. — The American or Red type is distin- guished by slightly projecting, massive jaws; somewhat prominent cheek bones; large, straight, or aquiline nose; small straight black eyes; coppery skin, shading off to yellow- ish or brown; long, coarse, black hair, scant beard. This type is peculiar to America, and contains representatives of many stages of culture which apparently developed without contact with any other race until the close of the fifteenth century. Caucasic or White. — ^The Caucasic or White type origin- ated in the north temperate zone and has spread over the entire world. Huxley and others divide the Caucasic race into two types: (i) The Xanthochroi, or blond, characterized by a long head; moderately large blue or gray and straight eyes; florid skin; and long, wavy, flaxen, light brown, or red hair. (2) The Melanchroi, or dark, distinguished by a round head in the north, and long in the south; large black eyes; pale white skin; and wavy, curly, brown, or black hair. The nose of both types is large, straight, or aquiline; the cheek bones small; and features regular. The Caucasic type has attained the highest culture, and has brought all the people of the Ethiopic type and many of those of the Mongolic under their domination. The population of the world is approximately 1,600,0005000, distributed as follows: BY continents Asia i 850,000,000 Europe 446,800,000 Africa 140,000,000 America (North and South) 196,000,000 Australasia and Polynesia 16,000,000 Total 1,648,800,000 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS XIX BY RACE White (Caucasic) 865,800,000 Yellow (Mongolic) 581,000,000 Black (Ethiopic) 175,000,000 Red (American) 27,000,000 Total 1,648,800,000 Culture Zones. — The region most favourable to man's highest development is known as a culture zone. In the Old World this privileged area lies between 25° and 50° N., and within this zone have flourished all the great centres of civil- ization in the world's history — Egyptian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Persian, Indian, Chinese, ^gean, Hellenic, Phceni- cian, Etruscan, Roman, and later European. Within it also are found the homes of the highest forms of religion known to the world: Jewish, Buddhist, Christian, and Mo- hammedan. From it also have emanated the three great linguistic groups: Hamitic, Semitic, and Aryan. These sum up the highest proof of the theory that all living forms are the product of their environment. Opposed to these instances of high development are the savages of central and southern Africa, east Malaysia, New Guinea, Australasia, Melanesia, and Tierra del Fuego. To these may be added those races whose history is marked by changes from barbar- ism to civilization and back again to barbarism: Indo- Chinese, people of the Deccan, central Arabians, Tibetans, Mongolians, Siberians, and the people of the table-lands and Arctic stretches in the western hemisphere. It is noticeable that in the New World the culture zone approaches the equator more nearly than in the Old World, because of the greater height of land in that region of the western hemisphere. Man's Position. — Darwin's closing words in "The Descent of Man" may be fitly quoted: Man may be excused for feeling some pride at having risen, though not through his own exertions, to the very summit of the organic scale; and the fact of his having thus risen, instead of having been aboriginally placed there, may give him hope for a still higher destiny in the distant future. . . . We must, however, acknowledge, as it seems to me, that man with all his noble qualities, with sympathy which feels for the most debased, with benevolence which extends not only toother men but to the humblest living creature, with his god-like intellect which has penetrated into the movements and constitution of the solar system — with all these exalted powers — Man still bears in his bodily frame the indelible stamp of his lowly origin. GOVERNMENTS There are two characteristic forms of government, the monarchical and republican or democratic. Monarchies. — In a monarchical form of government, the ruling power is vested in a monarch whose oflSce is generally hereditary. There are three kinds of monarchies: (i) Despotic, like those of some barbarous peoples, in which the ruler is free from all human limitations and his will is the only law; (2) Absolute or autocratic, where the people are governed by laws in which they had no share in making, as in the case of Russia previous to the revolution of 1917; (3) Limited or constitutional, in which the monarch is head of the State, with more or less administrative power, but in all matters of importance he is compelled to ask the advice and consent of representatives elected by the people. The laws are made and, in great measure, administered by the legisla- ture, as in the United Kingdom. Republics. — In a republican form of government, the ruling power is in the hands of the people, who elect a presi- dent from among themselves to exercise that power, as in the United States, France, Switzerland, and Portugal. As in limited monarchies, the laws are made by elected repre- sentatives. In some respects a president is more powerful than a monarch, for he combines two kinds of power which under a hereditary monarchy are kept separate. He is the head of the State, and is also a party leader, dispensing his patronage among his own followers and framing his policy with a view to the success of his party in the next election. "Next to the controlling authority of the people themselves," said Daniel Webster, "the preservation of the government is mainly committed to those who administer it. If conducted in wisdom, it cannot but stand strong. Its genuine, original spirit is a patriotic, liberal, and generous spirit . . . a spirit of friendship, and not a spirit of hostility toward the States; a spirit careful not to exceed, and equally careful not to relinquish its just powers." LANGUAGE There are approximately 3,500 languages and dialects spoken in the world, but few of these are wide-spread. Eng- lish is the chief commercial language, due to its predominance in the British dominions and in the United States of America. A corrupt form of the English language, arranged according to Chinese syntax, and known as pidgin English, is used as a lingua franca in parts of the Far East. In India, Hindus- tani is widely used in a similar manner between people of the different races. Arabic, sometimes in a corrupt form, is the chief language of commerce throughout Africa north of the equator and the Near East. Owing to the early conquests of the Spaniards and Portuguese,' their languages predomi- nate in Latin America. French is the language of diplomacy,, and is usually employed by governments in international deliberations. The principal European tongues are divided approximately as follows: language people English . . 160,000,000 German 120,000,000 Russian 100,000,000 French 70,000,000 Spanish 55,000,000 Italian 40,000,000 Portuguese 30,000,000 The English language contains more than 500,000 words, of which nearly one half consists of scientific terms and of archaic, obsolescent, or obsolete words. TRANSPORT BY LAND Transportation is at all times a true criterion of material progress. Livingstone expressed the opinion that if civiliza- tion was ever to penetrate the dark continent of Africa it must be the result, not of the unaided missionary, but of the new trade routes. Cut off the means of transport from any place, however rich in natural resources, and stagnation will quickly follow. An illustration of this is afforded by the Great War, which caused a virtual stoppage of all sea-borne trade at Hamburg and other German ports. Primitive Methods. — In primitive times, as even to-day in unfrequented and inaccessible regions, we find primitive conditions. The sturdy shoulders of the mountaineer, or the head of the swarthy negro, must perforce be employed XX GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS when other methods are not available. In the development of land transportation, the first motive force is always the physical strength of man himself; the second, the strength of animals subjugated by man, (i) as beasts of burden, and (2) as beasts of draught; and, finally, the giant forces of steam and electricity obedient to man's will. In America, at the time of its discovery by Europeans, human strength furnished the only known means of land transportation; for the natives were on the whole ignorant of the use of beasts of burden; indeed, the fauna of the continent was almost devoid of any suitable species. The Peruvians alone seem to have had, in the llama, the only available beast of burden. Mexico presents a phenomenal instance of com- mercial development resting almost solely on the most primi- tive form of land transportation. The Mexican merchants travelled about the country with a horde of porters, each carrying a load of fifty or sixty pounds, and travelling about fifteen miles a day. This lack of any natural species suitable to burden-bearing was a heavy handicap to the early races of the New World, which makes the extensive land commerce of the Mexicans a matter of amazement. Pack Animals. — ^The second stage in the development of land transportation is the employment of pack animals — the ox, the ass, the horse, the mule, etc. — animals which were in use in the eastern hemisphere from time immemorial, their use marking a great advance in efficiency, speed, and economy. In southern Europe, in Asia, and in all mountainous regions where roads are bad, beasts of burden are still commonly employed. The yak and mountain sheep traverse the narrow, winding paths of the Himalayas with loads on their backs. The llama bears the produce of the Andean mines down to the seaport towns. The camel, with a store of food in its hump and of water in its stomach, traverses the rough tracks of the desert for days without food or drink, covering about twenty-five mites a day. Long strings of camels journey together in a caravan, and formerly all the silks and spices of the East reached Europe in this manner. The chief cara- van routes in Asia now lie beyond the railroads. In Africa the caravans journey between the railroads, the oases of the Sahara, and the Sudan. Drawn Vehicles. — With the growth of commerce and civilization, drawn vehicles came into use. Most uncivilized tribes are unfamiliar with any form of vehicle, e. g., the Australian aborigines and the Melanesians. The cart was gradually evolved from the two trailing branches attached to tiie sides of a horse. The sledge represents the middle stage. Rollers were next placed under the framework of the sledge, and step by step wheels began to be formfed, as ease of traction became better understood. The whe;els at first were solid, and in appearance were something like a grindstone. The wheels of the East Indian reckla — a two- wheeled vehicle drawn by oxen — are usually of this kind. Although wheeled vehicles were known in China, India, and Egypt from remote antiquity, while, as Herodotus tells us, the ancient Scythians or Tatars pitched their tents upon cum- brous wagons, each of which needed more than twenty oxen to haul it, yet, as the construction of roads did not keep pace with inventive skill, the vehicles were only of limited useful- ness. Four-wheeled vehicles were known in Europe during the Bronze Age, for remains have been discovered in the tombs of Scandinavia and the lake-dwellings of Italy. In polar regions where no vegetable food is obtainable sledges drawn by dogs are used. A team of twelve Eskimo dogs can haul nearly half a ton on a sledge for eight hours a. day. The reindeer, too, is used for drawing sledges over the tundras of northern Europe, which it crosses at a speed of about 100 miles a day. Across the South African veldt and the trackless plains of Australia and America, bullock wagons drawn by from two to forty oxen form the caravan of the trader. Dogs and sometimes sheep draw small carts on the Continent. In many places in the Far East and in South Africa the Japanese jinrikisha, drawn by one or more men, takes the place of a cab. Power-driven Vehicles. — The third or modern stage in the development of transportation by land is. characterized by the employment of new natural forces. Steam, electricity, and the internal-combustion engine have revolutionized the methods of transport, and have been the means of opening up many regions to commerce. Railroads can transport considerable quantities of merchandise at a time, hence the cost of haulage is less than by other methods of land trans- portation. The recent development of motor cars has led to a great increase in the use of roads for the conveyance both of passenger^ and of goods; while the aeroplane may prove as adaptable to the pursuits of peace as it has to those of war. Government Control of Railroads. — European rail- roads are largely under government control, and this policy is an outgrowth of (i) state subsidies, (2) state construction, and (3) state guarantee of traffic monopolies. The policy of government ownership of railroads is due to various deter- mining factors, such as military necessity in Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary. In France, such railroads as are not owned by the Government are held on leases by which the ownership will eventually revert to the Government. In Italy and the lesser European states, and, to a certain ex- tent, in Spanish America, South Africa, India, Australia, and New Zealand, want of private capital and enterprise and the objection to foreign capitalization are the chief determining causes of public ownership; though in the Australasian colo- nies it was believed that public interests would best be served by such ownership. The only instance of a railroad owned and operated by the United States Government is the Panama Railway, purchased in 1905. This ownership, in view of its value in connection with the Panama Canal, and as a link between the Atlantic and Pacific coast ports, is of great importance to the United States. The only example of a state-owned steam railroad in the United States is a short line in North Carolina, which, however, is at present operated under lease. The Intercolonial Railway of Canada between Montreal and Halifax was built and is operated by the Do- minion Government in conformity with the provisions of the British North America Act of 1867. In the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and other countries having private railroad systems, the Government exercises the right of supervisory control, both as regards the facilities afforded and the rates charged. Such control is necessary in the interests of the general public; for railroads come under the general category of "common carriers," and are compelled by law to carry any person who can pay the fare, as well as to transport freight for the general public, without favour or hindrance. Rapid Transit in Cities. — The problem of rapid transit in large cities has been largely solved by means of overhead and underground railways in addition to surface cars. The first elevated railway was built in New York City in 1867, but such lines were not successfully operated until 1872, when the New York Elevated Company began running trains from Battery Park along Greenwich Street and Ninth Avenue to Thirtieth Street. In succeeding years lines were built in GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS XXI Brooklyn, Chicago, and Boston; while in foreign countries elevated railways were constructed in Liverpool, Paris, and Berlin. The first underground line was laid in 1886 by the City and South London Railway, two parallel tunnels being built from 40 to 80 feet below the surface with a diameter of 10 feet 9 inches. The "Twopenny Tube" in London was a development of this plan; while to-day London has a veritable network of underground electric railways. Another foim of underground railway was introduced in Budapest in 1893, which is known as the "cut-and-cover" system. Shallow tunnels are roofed with steel beams upon which the street pavement actually rests. Similar lines were built in Boston, New York, and Paris. On practically all elevated and subway railways electricity is now employed. TRANSPORT BY WATER Transport by water has always been the most important in the history of the world's commerct-^ast. portions of the earth's surface can never be reacljedexcept by water, unless aerial navigarion should in '^jpf provide a practicable alternative. The river was the highway of trade long before roads were dreamed of. The great waterways becarne the first seats of population and empire. They were the link with the outer world, and were naturally the first channels of transport to be developed. Water transport has ever been cheaper than transport by land, and was one of the earliest means of internarional trade. Trade invariably seeks the lines of least resistance; hence the routes of ancient commerce fol- lowed the world's waterways, and were only checked or cut asunder by barriers of transport. These breaks in trans- portation, necessitating the transfer of commodities, deter- mined the location of industrial centres. The greatest com- mercial cities, from ancient times to the present day, have invariably grown up near the junction of land and water transport. Maritime commerce along the coasts grew natur- ally out of the river trade; and when the art of navigation had so advanced that the passage to India around the Cape and the crossing of the Atlantic extended the horizon of mediaeval enterprise, maritime transportation became the paramount agent of international commerce, and has re- mained so to the present time.' Steamships. — The same natural forces that revolutionized transport on land created a new era in the progress of water transportation. Almost a century ago the first steamship made its way across the Atlantic. In 1819 — the year that Queen Victoria was born — the Savannah (380 tons), equipped as a full-rigged ship and provided with a 90 horse-power horizontal engine, with side paddle wheels and boilers in the hold, crossed from Savannah to Liverpool in twenty-five days, eighteen under steam. Pitch pine was the fuel em- ployed. The first boat to cross the Atlantic entirely under steam was the Royal William, which made the voyage from Quebec to London in 1833. In 1838 the world was thrilled with the news that Brunei's masterpiece, the Great Western, had crossed the Atlantic from Bristol to New York in fifteen days, having succeeded in carrying fuel enough for the entire voyage. Henceforth a regular line of steamships plied across the Atlantic, and Liverpool sprang into fame as a port, taking the place of Bristol. The first iron-built ocean steamer was the Rainbow (580 tons), launched in Liverpool in 1838. Screw propulsion was regarded as impracticable until John Ericsson, who afterward built the Monitor, had put it to the test. The screw was not universally adopted on ocean liners till 1862, both paddle wheels and wooden hulls lingering much >C. O. S. Mawson, in "The New Century Book of Facti" (1909). longer in America than in Great Britain. Twin screws first came into use in 1880. In 1826 the first steamboat navigated the Allegheny River. The trip from New York to St. Louis by steamer, via New Orleans, used to occupy twenty-nine and a half days. The trip from St. Louis to New Orleans took twelve days in 1823, and five years later the General Brown made it in nine days, four hours. Thirty years afterward, so much had steamers been improved, this same passage was easily made in three days. Rivalry Between Steam and Sail. — After the com- mercial success of the steamship was assured, then began the struggle for supremacy between steam and sail. Larger sailing ships were built, every advantage being taken of the prevailing winds. The substitution of iron for wood was of less benefit to the sailing vessel than to its rival; while the introduction of screw propellers and compound engines, and later of triple or quadruple expansion engines, too heavily handicapped the sailing ships in this unequal contest. Each year the percentage of steam tonnage increases, while that of sailing tonnage correspondingly declines. Since 1880 further economy has been effected by building special types of vessels for special requirements — swift ocean liners, com- modious river boats, barges for coastwise trade, slow but regular freighters, and cheap but accommodating ocean tramps. Recent Improvements. — The recent adoption of turbine engines in place of modern reciprocating engines marks a further stage of marine development. Besides giving in- creased speed, the turbine takes up less space, weighs less, and reduces vibration to a minimum. The Allan Line steam- ship Victorian, built in 1904, was the first vessel fitted with turbine engines. The two sister ships of the Cunard Com- pany, the ill-fated Lusitania and the Mauretania, each with a tonnage of 31,938, were the largest and fastest vessels so equipped at the time of their launching (1907). In 1909 the Mauretania made the passage from Queenstown to New York in the record time of four days, ten hours, forty-one minutes. This same steamer made a record day's run of 676 knots on January 25, 191 1. It is interesting to compare this perform- ance with that of the leviathan of a past generation, the Great Eastern (completed in 1859), whose average speed was about fourteen knots, and whose longest day's run did not exceed 333 knots — less than half that of the Mauretania. But the chief usefulness of the Great Eastern was in the laying of the Atlantic cable. The application of internal-combustion engines to large steamers shows a marked advance in the development of marine engineering. With the introduction of Diesel en- gines, further economies in fuel consumption were effected. Owing to recent inventions passengers enjoy greater im- munity from accidents, the majority of passenger steamers being now fitted with installation of wireless telegraphy and with submarine signalling apparatus. Canals. — Navigation canals may be regarded either as. a branch of land or water transport. Their greatest historic importance was just before the rise of railroads. As a branch of land transportation they are disappearing, but as a branch of water transport canals have entered a new stage of development. Canal boats may be propelled by hand or steam power, or towed from the bank. On still water a horse can draw as much as 100 tons; hence canals are of great service for conveying heavy and bulky goods. For more valuable and perishable goods, this method is usually too slow. xaii GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS It is essential for a canal to be made on a dead level. Owing to irregularities of country, canals are usually con- structed in a number of sections, at different elevations, the boats being transferred from one level to another by locks, or hauled up inclined planes by steam power, or hoisted by hydraulic lifts. Not only may rivers and seas be connected by canals, but rivers themselves may be canalized by deepen- ing and broadening, while waterfalls or rapids may be avoided by canals. Ship Canals. — With the development of steam navigation and maritime commerce arose the necessity of shortening routes wherever possible, hence canals of large dimensions were constructed to permit the passage of the largest vessels. The modern ship canal has played a part of vast economic importance. It cost the Canadian Government more than $62,ooo,CKX) to have the Gulf of St. Lawrence linked to the Great Lakes; but to-day that seven-linked chain is the great- est freight route in the world, and nearly one third of the population of America is dependent on it for their export and import trade. The value of a ship canal cannot be estimated by the ton- nage traffic which yearly passes through. To bring India, for example, within fourteen days of London, and thus draw East and West more closely together, is an achievement whose effect on civilization is hardly less appreciable than on commerce. The Suez Canal, which cuts through the Isthmus of Suez and links the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, is one the world's greatest waterways. Before it was opened in 1869 the ocean trade of Europe with Oriental countries was by way of the Cape of Good Hope, and was small in comparison with the enormous volume of traffic which now passes through the canal. The Corinth Canal, connecting the Gulf of Corinth with the Gulf of iEgina, though only four miles long, is too beset with difficulties to tempt many vessels from the open sea route. The Kaiser Wilhelm Canal, which links Kiel Bay with the mouth of the Elbe, is of greater strategic importance to Germany than as a factor in her commerce. The Manchester ship canal is the most important canal in Great Britain, and admits the largest ocean-going vessels from the Mersey to that inland city. The Cape Cod Canal shortens the water route between Boston and New York by seventy miles. Panama Canal. — The greatest engineering achievement in the history of canal construction is the new Isthmian waterway constructed by the United States Government across the Isthmus of Panama. The Panama Canal is about fifty miles long from deep water in the Caribbean Sea to deep water in the Pacific Ocean, and has a summit eleva- tion of eighty-five feet above sea-level. The channel varies in width from 300 to i,cxx) feet at the bottom. The canal was formally opened for traffic on August 15, 1914, when the steamship Ancon passed from the Atlantic to the Pacific in ten hours. What the Panama Canal means not only to the United States but to the world at large cannot be fully realized at this early date. The shortening of routes alone is considera- ble. The Canal shortens the distance between New York and the following places as follows: San Francisco, 8,100 miles by water; Yokohama, 3,729 miles; Sydney, 3,806 miles; Wellington, New Zealand, 2,542 miles; Hawaii, 5,800 miles; Manila, 5,800 miles. The Canal brings Callao 4,320 miles nearer Liverpool by steamer, reducing the distance from 10,230 miles to 5,910 miles and saving about fourteen days in time. To Valparaiso the shortening in distance is 1,813 miles, and the saving of time is about six days. By its means New Orleans is only 3,264 miles from Callao. Be- tween New Zealand and Europe there is an average saving of 1,600 miles. See Map of U. S. Canal Zone, pp. 11 6-1 17. THE NEW ATLAS MAPS AND THEIR USES ■^O Mariner would attempt to cross the ocean without a chart ; no student should attempt to traverse the vast and intricate fields of geography without consulting an Atlas. Variety of Maps. — Every phase of geographical knowl- edge has its own map. We have physical maps in a great variety: those showing the surface features — the coast lines, mountains, rivers, canals, heights and depths, etc.; climate maps, illustrating the condition of the atmosphere, its tem- perature, humidity, and currents; biological maps, showing the distribution of vegetables and animals. Then there are economic maps, representing the various phases of production and transportation of commodities; ethnological maps, show- ing the distribution of mankind by population, race, religion, or language; political maps, definmg political boundaries; travel maps, showing railway, steamship, or automobile routes; historical maps, illustrating the geographical distri- butions of former periods; in short, the ingenuity of the cartog- rapher has illustrated every fact of geography capable of illustration by means of a map. Scale of Maps. — The scale to which a map is drawn is usually expressed as the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the earth's surface. It is often expressed by reference to some lineal unit; thus, the map of Louisiana on page 202 is drawn to a scale of 36 miles to an inch. A scale of 1:1,000,000 signifies that each lineal unit on the map represents 1,000,000 such units in nature. A scale of one statute mile to the inch, as in the British Ordnance Survey general map, is the same as the scale of 1:63,360 — 63,360 inches being the equivalent of one statute mile. Where the scale is omitted, it can be ascer- tained by dividing the actual length of a meridian degree by the length of a degree measure upon the map. Direction on a Map. — Unless otherwise indicated, the top of the map corresponds to the north. A map of the polar regions is commonly drawn with the pole in the centre; thus, in a map of the Arctic all lines pointing to the centre are pointing northward, while all lines pointing away from the centre are pointing southward. In a map of the Ant- arctic the reverse is the case, the centre being the South. Geographical Measures. — The circles of latitude {{. e., distance north or south from the equator) are divided into degrees, minutes, and seconds. The 180 degrees of latitude are numbered from o at the equator to 90 at the north and south poles. New York, for example, is in latitude 40° 45' 23" N.; Valparaiso, 33° i' 53" S. The circles of longitude {i. e., distance east or west from a standard meridian, as that of Greenwich), perpendicular to the equator and passing through the north and south poles, are divided into either degrees {longitude ifi arc) or hours (longitude in time). The 360 degrees of longitude are numbered from the primary circle of longitude, or meridian, east and west, to meet at 180. Thus, the longitude of New York may be expressed as 74° or 4h. 56m. W. {i. e., west of Greenwich). The British statute mile is equal to 5,280 feet (1,609.3 metres), and is used in Great Britain and the United States. The geographical or nautical mile is the length of one minute of latitude, sixty miles being equal to one degree of the equator. If the earth were a perfect sphere, every minute of latitude would be of the same length; but, as it is spheroid, the length of a minute increases from 6,080.27 feet at the equator to 6,108 feet at the poles. The mean length of a geographical or nautical mile is 6,076.8 feet. The British Admiralty mile is 6,080 feet (1,853.2 metres). That of the United States Coast Survey is 6,080.27 f^^t (1,853.248 metres). That of France is 1,851.9 metres. Prime Meridians. — Various first meridians have been used since the days of Ptolemy. The meridian of the island of Ferro in the Canary group was selected in 1630 and continued to be used for a long time. It was assumed to be exactly 20 W. of the Paris observatory. The meridian of Greenwich is now almost universally accepted as the prime meridian; but in the case of topographical maps the following meri- dians are frequently employed: OBSERVATORY Paris (Obs. National) . Brussels (Old Town) Rome (Collegio Romano) . Berlin Stockholm Cape Town Petrograd (Pulkowa Obs.) Bombay Madras Sydney, N. S. W. . . . Madrid Lisbon (Naval Obs.) . Ferro (assumed) Washington (New Obs.) Washington (Old Obs.) LONGITUDE FROM GREENWICH oh 9m 20.9s E 17 28.6 L 49 SS-6 E S3 34-9 E I 12 14.0 E I 13 S8.(J- E 2 I 13s E 4 SI IS7 E S 20 S9-4 E. 4 49-S E 14 4S-4 W 36 44-7 W I 10 39-0 W 1 8 iS-7 W 5 8 12.15 VV 2 20 4 22 12 28 13 23 18 18 3 28 30 19 72 14 II S3 42 30 4« 39 E. E. E. E. E. E. E. 80 151 3 41 9 8 2 SS E. 50 E. 23 E. 16 W. W. 17 39 77 3 77 3 45 W. 56 W. I W. Topographical Maps. — Such maps must be on a relatively large scale, in order to show roads, villages, and lesser features. To France belongs the credit of the first topographical map on scientific principles, produced between the years 1750 and 1793. England began its Ordnance Survey in 1784, the primary triangulation being completed in 1858. Trigono- metrical surveys on various scales have been undertaken over practically the whole of Europe. Outside Europe, such surveys have been made only in detached areas. In the United States systematic surveys have been under- taken since 1879, partly by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey and partly by the Geological Survey. In- dependent surveys of some States have also been made by the States themselves. The maps of the more thickly populated parts of the Union are on a scale of 1:62,500, and those of the rest of the country on half or a quarter of that scale. Use of Maps. — Topographical and political maps are the ones most generally consulted, the location of places, roads, railways, rivers, and boundaries being among the everyday needs of the tourist, the merchant, and the average reader. The use of special maps and the value of map comparisons are less widely appreciated. By comparing two or more maps, the causal connection between various distributions will become apparent. For instance, a racial map and- a language map should be studied together, likewise a climate map and a vegetation map. Rightly employed, a map is an interpreter par excellence. The history of any great war will be more readily understood by comparing the political map with a physical, racial, or other special map of the belligerent zones. The strategy of a campaign will be clearer by studying the physical nature of the theatre of war together with the location of the principal roads, railways, and railway centres. For be it remembered that what the chart is to the navigator the map is to the general — it is the prime essential. In reading the "Geographical Manual," constant reference should be made to the corresponding maps. In this manner, the facts of geography will assume definite and logical form, and a composite picture of lasting value will be built up in the mind of the reader. WHAT THE MAPS TELL US Map of the World at War, p. 1.— This map brings home to us in a very striking manner the fact that almost the whole world is engaged in the Great War. It will be seen that the German Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey) occupies a relatively small territory right in the centre of the map — the powers of autocracy and might opposed by the powers of democracy and right. It will be further seen that the large colonial empire of Germany in Africa, Oceania, and China has been swept away. The map will likewise show the further contraction of the Turkish frontiers. Maps of the Western Front, pp. 2, 3, 6, 7.— On these maps of Belgium and France it is possible to follow the most important campaign of the war. Every town and village mentioned in the war reports will be found on these maps. Study well the colour scheme showing the different altitudes. Note the line of hills in the northeast with Verdun almost in the centre, and the strong natural positions on which the German line rested after the repulse at the Marne will be apparent. The line held by the Germans in this section formed the second line of defence in the French military system; for it was never expected that a German attack would be made through the neutral states of Belgium and Luxemburg. The north of France was practically undefended. It will be seen that the north of France is comparatively flat, and the ease with which the Germans expected to sweep through Belgiurn to the heart of France becomes clear. The absence of strong natural positions from Craonne northward through Arras, La Bassee, Ypres, Dixmude, and Nieufort makes it all the more remarkable that the Germans were not able to break through to the coast in the first year of the war vphen the Allies were outnumbered and outgunned. It is this flat region which has created the trench system of warfare. Note also the further advantage acquired by the Germans in having outlets to the North Sea at Zeebruggf and Ostend, from which they have from time to time made desultory raids on the English Map of Austro-ltalian Frontier, p. 10.— <)ne glance at this map will show the geographical handicap under which Italy is fighting. She is hemmed in by mountains belonging to Austria (the result of the treaty of i866). The difficulties confronting the Italians on the northern or Tyrolean front are enormous, and the seeming failure of the Italians in this sector is ex- plained by the map. In the northeast the territory is more open, and here trench warfare obtains. The Italians made a thrust at Gorz, the key to the Austrian defence of Trieste, which they captured on August 9, 1916. Notice the two Alpine valleys of the Adige and Brenla on the north. These valleys are the natural pathways of an invading army, and if a serious attempt at invasion is made by the Teutons it will be along these historic valleys. See Italy, p. 279. Map of the Balkan States, p. 11. — Note the railway from Belgrade through Nish and Sofia to Constantinople. This is the main artery by which the Germans can send supplies to their Turkish allies. With Serbia, Bulgaria, and the greater part of Roumania in the hands of the Germans it will be seen that at present the Teutons hold a strong central position, and command the avenue to the Near East. Then note the position of the Allies at Sa- loniki, and it will be seen that their best approaches of attack upon the trunk railroad will be along the valleys of the Vardar and the Struma. The danger to the Allied rear in the days of King Constantine's uncertain neutrality will also be evident. Map of the Dardanelles, p. 13. — ^This map will show how completely Ru'ssia's shipping is bottled up in the Black Sea, so long as Constantinople is held by a hostile power. The internationalization of the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles is a possible outcome of the Great War. The ill-fated cam- paign on the Gallipoli peninsula will be made clearer by studying this map. Map of Western Russia, p. 14. — The eastern front has been the scene of alternating drives and retreats. It will be seen that the country is generally of an open character, and lends itself better to sweeping operations. Poland is the cockpit of eastern Europe as Belgium is that of western Europe. The unification and independence of this ancient country may be looked for as an outcome of the war. Map of Asia Minor, p. IS. — ^This map is interesting as showing the sup- posed original home of the human race in the valley of the Euphrates. The mountainous character of Armenia will be evident. The chief successes of the Russians have been in this region, and especially along the coastal dis- trict where their land forces could be supported by the Black Sea fleet. The British are driving along the valleys of the Tigris and the Euphrates, and Bagdad has been their immediate objective in this Mesopotamian cam- paign. In the west we see the Holy City oi Jerusalem, toward which a British force is marching from Egypt. It is possible that the Holy Land will be wrested from the Turks altogether. See Turkey, pp. 288-291. Map of Eastern and Western Hemispheres, p. 17. — Cut the globe in half and we get two hemispheres. Look at this map and compare them. It will be seen that there is more land north of the equator than south of the equator; the land mass in the Eastern Hemisphere is greater than in the West- em Hemisphere. Other striking comparisons may be made. The Eastern Hemisphere has its greatest length from east to west; the Western Hem- isphere, from north to south. The former has its principal mountain ranges running west and east; while in the latter they run north and south. Both Hemispheres have their greater peninsulas pointing south: they both also taper to the south. Contrast the Arctic Ocean at the North Pole with the contin- ental mass (Antarctica) at the South Pole. Map of the World, pp. 18-19. — ^Thls map on Mercator's projection shows the parallels of latitude and the meridians cutting each other at right angles, and being represented by straight lines. This produces an apparent en- largement of the polar regions; but this projection is of great value to naviga- tors, for by its means they are enabled to steer by compass in straight lines. Physical Map of Central and Western Europe, pp. 20-21. — With the exception of the Pyrenees, which -separate waters draining respectively to the Atlantic and to the Mediterranean, the great mountain ranges do not form important divides, so that easy routes are generally found from one river basin to another. Water from the northern slopes of the Alps reaches the Mediterranean by the Rhone, the North Sea by the Rhine, and the Black Sea by the Danube. In Russia the divides lie in many places below 600 feet, and continuous waterways cross the continent from south to north, uniting the Baltic with the Black and Caspian seas. Physical Map of Europe, p. 22. — The advantage of showing the iso- therms (see p. xii) upon a relief map is at once obvious, for both the false im- pressions given by considering the sea-level temperatures alone, and the complexity of the isotherms upon an "actual temperature" map are avoided. The map illustrates the fact that in January the temperature over the ocean is high relatively to that over the land; so that, for example, in latitude 50°N., the temperature is 48° F. to the southwest of Ireland and 0° F. to the south- east of the Urals. The southwesterly winds (shown on the Winter Climate map) carry the warmer air across the land, thus giving abnormally high tem- peratures to western Europe; in the Lofoden Islands, within the Arctic Circle, the temperature is the same as that at Constanza on the Black Sea; while the Isle of Wight is warmer than Venice. Racial Map of Europe, p. 22. We see here Middle Europe occupied by German peoples with practically the w hole of eastern Europe inhabited by Slavs. The rivalry between these two great races (Pan-Germanism versus Panslavism) was one of the underlying causes of the Great War. The col- ouring will show that Scandinavia and the greater part of the British Isles are inhabited by Teutonic races. In the west of Europe, and in Italy and south Switzerland, we find the Latin races — ^the French, Spaniards, Portuguese, and Italians. The Roumanians are also of the Latin race. See "Races of Europe," p. 243. Language Map of Europe, p. 23. — ^This map is the natural complement of the racial map on the pteceding page. The languages spoken in Europe fall into three groups: (i) Indo-European; (2) Semitic; and (3) Ural- Altaic. The Indo-European group includes the Teutonic branch (German, Dutch, Flemish, Eng- lish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Swedish, Danish); the Slavic branch (Russian, Bulgarian, Ruthe- oian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian, Czech or Bohemian, Slovakian, Polish, Wendish, Moravian); the Baltic or Lettic branch (Lithuanian, Lettish); the Greek branch (Greek); the Latinian of Romanic branch (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Roumanian, Walloon); the Celtic branch (Welsh, Irish, Scotch Gaelic or Erse, Manx, Breton). The Semitic group is represented by Maltese, in the island of Malta. Hebrew is a Semitic language; but Yiddish is a German dialect developed under Hebrew and Slavic influence. The Ural-Altaic group is represented by the Finno-Ugric languages (Finnish, Lappish, Magyar, Esthonian, etc.), and by the Tatar-Turkish languages (Turkish, spoken in Turkey, and Tatar, spoken in the Crimea and Kasan). Basque and Albanian are unattached. Climate Map of Europe (Summer), p. 24. — A low pressure occurs near Iceland, and the pressure also diminishes toward the heated plains of Asia and the Saharan region. Westerly winds blow across central Europe, and there is a uniform distribution of moderate rains. Toward the east of the continent the winds sweep round and move southward; thus southeastern Russia is dry, for these northerly winds are blowing toward a much hotter area and are taking up water vapour rather than yielding it. Over the Medi- terranean lands the winds are on the whole northerly, so that the rainfall is much less than in winter, and is in places very scanty. See "Climate," pp. xi-xiii. Climate Map of Europe (Winter), p. 25.— This map shows a well-marked pressure gradient toward the Icelandic "low" (that is, an area of low baro- metric pressure), accompanied by strong southwesterly winds. The relation of the wind arrows to the isobars (see p. xii) should be noticed; and it must be remembered that the closer the isobars, that is, the steeper the gradient, the stronger the winds. The winds are almost completely drained of their moisture by the margins of the continent, so that the rainfall or snowfall rapidly decreases inland. Vegetation Map of Europe, p. 26. — ^The regions bordering the Arctic Ocean have the usual vegetation of the tundras (see under "Vegetation," p. xvi). Extensive forests, chiefly of pines and firs, occupy the land north of 60° latitude, extending farther southward toward the east where the winters are more severe. This region is little suited for agriculture. The broad-leaved forests of such trees as oak, beech, and maple, which once almost covered central and western Europe, occupied regions where no very extreme conditions, whether of cold or heat, or deficient rainfall, were found. This climate was eminently suitable for agri- culture and pasturing, hence these forests have been almost destroyed, and the largest areas now remaining are found m Russia, Austria-Hungary, and the North Baltic region. The con- ifers reappear on the mountains and elsewhere where the climate and soils are suitable. The high summer temperature and the low rainfall of southeast Europe are among the causes of the gradual change from forest to temperate grassland or steppe. Still farther to the southeast the jncreasing heat and drought cause the rich grasses and herbs of the steppe to become less and less abundant, so that a semi-desert region of sparse, scattered vegetation, varied by patches of true desert, borders the Caspian Sea. The steppes are naturally suited for pasturing; but is the richer western uid northwestern portions of the grasslands the cultivation of cereals XXVI GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS xxvu becomes increasingly important. In the Mediterranean districts the hot, somewhat dry summers, and the comparatively mild wet winters produce a special type of vegetation. Ever- greens abound, while the summer sunshine mates the region favourable for the production of the vine and many luscious fruits. Economic Map of Europe, p. 27.— This map should be comp^ed with the Vegetation Map. The most highly productive areas are the broad-leaved forest and temperate grassland regions and parts of the Mediterranean region, although in the latter irrigation is frequently necessary. Note particularly the areas where coal and iron occur together. As Russia may shortly e.xperi- ence an industrial rebirth, note should be taken of the coal field lying near the great mineral region of the Central Urals, thus enabling the metals to be worked locally. See "Vegetable products" and "Minerals" under Europe, p. 245- Population Map of Europe, p. 28.— This map may be compared particu- larly with those showing vegetation and economic features. The scantily peopled areas include the greater part of the region north of latitude 60° together with the semi-desert depression to the north of the Caspian Sea, the Scottish Highlands, and the high mountain regions. As a rule the most densely peopled areas correspond with the industrial regions, and the gathering of the population into great cities is specially characteristic of Great Britain and Germany. Italy affords a striking contrast to the Iberian and Balkan peninsulas, having a far greater density of population although the two latter have far greater mineral resources; this comparison suggests that national character and political factors must be taken into account in estimating the economic possibilities of a region. In general the population is more dense round the coasts, where the additional occupations of fishing and commerce can be carried on. River valleys, both from their fertility and as being trade routes, are also usually well peopled. An example of the effect of the poverty of the soil upon the density of population is afforded by the north German plain. Political Map of Europe, p. 29. — This map shows the German " barred zones" in connection with the naval operations of the Great War. Note especially the "safety lane" to Falmouth, England, along which the Ameri- cans were to be permitted to send one vessel per week, provided it were striped like a zebra. This insolent request on the part of the German gov- ernment tried American patience to the breaking point, and was shortly followed by a rupture of diplomatic relations and by war. Map of Central and Western Europe, pp. 30-31. — ^This map on a rela- tively large scale shows the various boundaries in an exceptionally clear man- ner. Note the present boundary of Turkey, and remember that only a few years ago Turkey in Europe stretched across to the Adriatic. Note the Kaiser JVilhelm Canal between Kiel and the Elbe; its strategic importance is very patent. Note also the commanding position of Gibraltar at the entrance to the Mediterranean, and of Constantinople at the approach to the Black Sea. Map of Central Europe, p. 32. — ^This map gives prominence to railroads and fortified towns. Germany has a greater railroad mileage than any other country in Europe. Russia comes next, although when her extensive area is taken into account the mileage is considerably discounted. France ranks third, followed by Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, and Italy. The total railroad mileage for Europe is 215,140; that of America is 355,000. In regard to fortified towns, they are the thickest along the western frontier of Germany. The chain of fortresses from Liege to Belfort is eloquent of the danger which Belgium and France anticipated from German militarism. The chain of fortresses across northern Italy forms a second line of defence against northern invasion. The virtual absence of fortresses on the frontier between Germany and Austria is significant. Map of the British Isles, p. 33. — ^The British Isles are an archipelago consisting of two large islands and many smaller ones. Physically, Scotland is the most mountainous part of the British Isles. Note the deeply indented coast line and the many important seaports. Note the dense population of the Midlands, as well as of Lancashire (Manchester, Oldham, Bolton, Liverpool, etc.) and of the West Riding of Yorkshire (Leeds, Bradford, Hali- fax, etc.). These are the industrial and most populous districts. Ireland has comparatively few large towns. The steamer routes indicated on the map tell their own story of British mercantile supremacy. Note the position of Liverpool, Manchester, Plymouth, Southampton, London, and Dover. See pp. 245-256. .^us steamship routes, with the length of passage indicated. The importance of Honolulu as a halting-place between American and Australasian and Jap- anese ports will be observed. As yet there is no direct line to the Philippine Islands, the American vessels going by way of Hongkong. The great saving of time and distance effected by use of the Panama Canal is clearly demon- strated. The various submarine cables show in which direction the greater interests of America lie. Map of Hawaii, pp. 78-79. — The Hawaiian group has been described as "an earthly Paradise, washed by the soft blue and sunny waters of the Pa- cific, and breathed on by mild and balmy zephyrs." The island of Hawaii is full of volcanoes, the cones of Mauna Loa rd Mauna Kea soaring to close upon 14,000 feet. The islands rise abruptly from deep water; the coasts are steep and regular, with very few openings. The inset shows the distances between Hawaii and the principal ports. Isochronic Charts, p. 80. — These isochronic (Greek isos, equal, chronos, time) charts graphically show the saving of time effected by the Panarna Canal. The zones of colour show the number of days taken to reach certain points from New York before and after the completion of the Canal. These charts should be compared with the map of the North Pacific Ocean (pp. 76-77). See p. xxii. Physical Map of North America, p. 81. — Any generalized section drawn across North .'Imerica along a parallel of latitude shows the same essential XXX GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS features. Beginning at the west, there is a sharp rise from the Pacific deeps to the lofty and broad Cordilleran belt. From the eastern foot of the Rocky Mountains a long gradual slope leads to a central depression, beyond which there is a gentle rise to the less imposing Eastern Highlands. Finally, a level stretch of coastal plain and continental shelf precedes a sudden drop to the abysses of the Atlantic Ocean. To the southward convergence of the two Highland belts the continent owes its shape — a triangle with a southward- pointing ape.x. In the medial hollow much water has collected. In the northern part is the comparatively shallow sheet called Hudson Bay, farther south is the group of the five Great Lakes, next comes the Mississippi River, which in turn empties itself into the deep Gulf of Mexico. Roughly parallel to the shore of Hudson Bay and to one another are two more great water lines. The first includes the lower Mackenzie River, a long festoon of lakes from the Great Bear to Ontario, and the St. Lawrence River; the second is formed by the rivers Missouri and Ohio. The latter line marks roughly the greatest extension of the continental ice-sheet during the glacial periods, while the former probably shows a halting place of the edge of the sheet during a pe- riod of retreat. Beyond the Appalachians the ice reached the latitude of New York, and throughout the once glaciated regions are such characteristic phenomena as innumerable lakes, great and small; rivers broken by falls and rapids; bare polished knolls and ridges, alternating with valleys and hollows filled with a deep and fertile deposit of till or boulder clay. The depth of the Great Lahts may be attributed to a depression of this part of the continent, for the submarine contours show clearly that the St. Lawrence once entered the Atlantic just south of the Great Newfoundland Banlc. The great central Plains are so broad that, although they only gradually slope upward toward the west, they lie between 5,000 and 6,000 feet above the sea when the foot-hills of the Rockies are reached. A remarkable feature of the western highlands is the long narrow trough, bordered by parallel ridges, which can be traced almost from end to end of its Pacific border. The outer most ridge is formed by the peninsula of Lower California and the Coast Ranges of the .States of California, Oregon, and Washington, further north it is partially drowned, and appears as a series of isl- ands, of which Vancouver and the Queen Charlotte group are typical. The parallel trough includes the Gulf of California, the Salton depression, the Californian Valley, a smaller valley (the Willamette) leading northward to the Columbia River, Puget Sound, and the series of sounds and straits separating the island ridge from the mainland. Forming the inner border of this trough are the Sierras Madre and Nevada, and the Cascade Mountains. It is important to notice that the Columbia River breaches both the Cascades and the Coast Ranges, while the combined Sacramento and St. Joaquin Rivers also make a water gap in the Coast Ranges. This gap has been entered by the sea, and so forms a deep and sheltered harbour, the only one for a hundred miles along this unbroken coast. In the tVest Indiei and Central America the main feature lines have a general west-east trend, the islands being the summits of partially submerged ridges. The two isthmuses, Tehuante- pec and Panama also run from east to west. Thus to the first exjjlorers climbing the Panama divide, the Pacific was the Southern Ocean. Regions with a temperature above 72°F may be termed hot, and the Central America and West Indian regions will be found to be hot at all seasons. A region with a temperature below 32* F. isotherm in winter should be carefully traced, and associated with such facts as the cessation of active plant life, the limiting of animal life, the need for shelter for domestic ani- mals, the occurrence of precipitation in the form of snow, the freezing of fresh-water harbours and canals, and the disintegrating action of frost. Between 32* and 48*the temperature may be termed "cool" if it is summer, "mild" if it is winter, while temperature between 48° and 72° is "warm" to "very warm." In this way the more important districts may be described. For example, the Gulf Region with Florida has warm winters and hot summers; San Francisco is warm both in summer and winter, but the California valley behind it has a hot summer; New York has a hot summer, but a cold winter. By tracing the course of the summer isotherm 64* F. the leading points as to the contrast between land and water surfaces can be well brought out, the influence of the Great Lakes be- ing quite marked. The curving of isotherm 72* in harmony with the lake-shore may also be noticed. The close crowding of the isotherms along the western margins shows how limited is the range of oceanic influence, even where onshore winds are found, in cases where mountain ranges run parallel to and near to the coast. The low temperatures found in the eastern parts of the continent north of latitude 40** should be associated with the prevailing northwesterly winds (see Winter Climate Map) which prolong continental influence seaward. The temperature gradient along a meridian is noticeably steeper in winter than in summer, the extreme summer temperatures to be found on the map are 88" and 32* i. e., a range of 56*, while the extreme winter temperatures are 72* and — 40*, a range of 112*. The part of Green- land lying within the Aretic circle where the lowest temperature reading is given may be termed the Cold Pole, for the cold is more intense than at the North Pole. See pp. 330-331. For physical features of South America, see pp. 328-330. Political Maps of North America, pp. 82-83. — ^The International Boundary between Canada and the United States is interesting to trace. The broad Appalachian upland formed the original barrier between the Puritan settlers in New England and the French immigrants along the St. Lawrence River. To-day the actual boundary is the St. Lawrence watershed, but northern Maine is still a forested wilderness, barely peopled (see Population Map). At a point above the junction of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence rivers the latter becomes the boundary, for here access from the seaboard to the river and lakes is easy. Four of the Great Lakes are shared between the two countries, and from the northwest of Lake Superior a small river and chain of lakes is followed to Lake of the Woods. This was the scene of a curious geographical mistake. It was stated that the boundary should run to the northwest of the lake and thence follow parallel 49° N. Examina- tion of the map shows that this parallel runs from the southwest corner of the lake. Alaska is interesting as the first outside territory acquired by the United States, and it should be noticed that a long strip of Alaskan seaboard inter- venes between parts of the Dominion and the sea. There is here no definite natural feature line or meridian that can be followed by the boundary, which was settled with difficulty by an International Commission, after a careful survey and mapping of a vast territory. See pp. 341-342. Climate Map of North America (Summer), p. 84. — ^The map shows a belt of relatively low pressure (sometimes less than 29.8") stretching across the contirifntand oceans in high latitudes, but the high pressure belt (30.2" over the Pacinc,'30.o" over the Atlantic) is separated into two anti-cyclones by a low pressure belt developed over the heated continental interior. This belt merges into tlie 1 'w pressure area over Central and South America. The winds blow spirally out and round from the two high pressure areas. Thus, southwesterly and westerly winds strike the British Columbian and Alaskan coasts, where there are considerable relief rains, and farther south the wind direction is northwesterly. From the southern margin of the At- lantic anti-cyclone the northeast trade winds blow toward the north equa- torial "low." Over Mexico and Texas there are strong easterly winds, di- rected toward the continental depression, while over the Eastern United States and Eastern Canada the winds are southwesterly, and blow toward the low pressure belt of latitude 60°. All these winds are rain-bearing. It is noticeable that in the continental area of minimum pressure no conden- sation occurs. The exceedingly high temperature partly explains this, and the fact that the air reaching this region is largely exhausted of moisture. The marked "rain-shadow" thrown by the Cascades should be noticed, as also the relief rains of the Sierra Nevada. Conditions in the British Isles are closely comparable with those found in British Columbia in the same lati- tudes. See p. 333. Climate Map of North America (Winter), p. 85. — This map shows the high pressure belt of lat. 30° weakly developed over the oceans, but expand- ing over the continent into a great anti-cyclone due to the intense cold of the Interior. A ridge of high pressure separates two very marked low pressure areas, cyclonic in outline, the one over the North Atlantic and the other over the North Pacific. The equatorial "low" has moved southward with the declination of the sun. Over the eastern United States there is a belt of relatively high pressure where the winds are light and variable, and this belt is frequently broken by cyclones from the Gulf which spread or travel over the region, giving to it cyclonic rains. The northeast trades cross the West Indies and Central America on their way to the equatorial low pressure belt of conventional rains which lies over South America. Only where forced upward by the con- tour of the land do they yield rain. The whole of the interior of the con- tinent is dry, as are those parts of the western margin, south of Los Angeles, with directly off-shore winds. A comparison of the two maps will bring out the following points. Along the west coast there is a belt extending as far south as Cape Blanco with abundant rains at all seasons, farther south (to San Francisco) a region with dry summer and heavy winter rains, followed by a third belt (to Los Angeles) with light winter rains only, and finally by a belt that is dry at all seasons. The interior basins and plateaus of the United States are always dry, as is the region round about the Arctic Ocean. The West Indies, eastern United States, and Atlantic margins of Canada have rain at all seasons, while the continental interior and Mexico have summer rains. The waters frozen in winter should be carefully noted and compared with the map showing lines of communication. Comparison with the temperature map will help to explain why these waters are frozen, and it should be remembered that fresh water freezes more readily than salt, enclosed water than open, shallow water than deep. Vegetation Map of North America, p. 86. — Before studying the vege- tation map, one should clearly realize the two following facts. In the case of certain plant associations the transition from one to another is so gradual that no hard and fast line can be drawn between them. The northern conif- erous forest, for example, passes imperceptibly into the Barren Grounds or tundras, the trees simply thinning out, and becoming more and more stunted and dwarfed. Southward, too, there is no definite boundary between conif- erous and deciduous, or between deciduous and evergreen trees. Here, how- ever, the fact that the different varieties of trees e.xist side by side can be shown by mingling patches of the particular tints which represent them. The second point is that, unless the map is to become unduly complicated, a single name, e. g. coniferous forest, must embrace woodlands which differ very much in aspect. Thus the drenching rains on the Pacific slopes pro- duce there a luxuriant tree growth which includes such giants as the Douglas fir and California redwood; while the pines, firs, and spruces of the inte- rior ranges, and those of Mexico and Central America are of ordinary stature. Both January and July isotherms may be examined in connection with the limits of the tundra, where a constantly frozen subsoil inhibits tree growth. In Labrador there is a low summer temperature (under 48°F); round Hudson Bay the summer is warmer but the winter is much more severe (40° below freezing point), while farther west, with an even hotter summer, the winters are again more severe, and the precipitation lower.' The eastward extension of the rich prairies in the Illinois region calls for some further ex- planation. Factors that have probably helped the grasses to occupy the inter-stream areas at the expense of trees are the loose nature of the soil, the strong and bitter northwest winds, and the periodical fires started by the Indians. Southward the mild winters (over 40" F.), coupled with the ever-abundant rainfall, make a definite resting season unnecessary and many of the trees and undershrubs are evergreen. In southern Florida, where the^winter tempera- ture is 64* F., the evergreen trees have a tropical profusion. The temperate grasslands vary greatly in the luxuriance and close growth of the grasses and other herbs, becoming gradually poorer from east to west, in which direction the rainfall dimin- ishes, and from north to south, where, although the rainfall is the same, the intensity of insola- tion increases, so that evaporation is more rapid. A large proportion of the broad-leaved forest area of the eastern lowlands has been cleared for agriculture. The upland forests of the Appalachians, however, still form a compact un- broken belt, for here only the floors of the broad longitudinal valleys have been transformed into arable land. Of the Cordilleran and Northern forests only the fringes have been cleared, and wherever they are readily accessible, especially wheie water transport and water power are available, lumbering is carried on upon a large scale; for example, along the Coast Ranges of the West and in the St. Lawrence basin. See p. 333. Economic Map of North America, p. 87. — ^The areas marked unproduc- tive include the snowfields, tundra, high mountain belts, and tree deserts; but the remaining productive areas differ widely in value. A comparative esti- mate of their value is obtained by noting the relative density of the symbols denoting agricultural and animal products, but this estimate is only a rough one owing to the principle upon which the map has been constructed. The importance of the products mapped is measured by the present value of the output, and not by possibilities of future development. The productive capacity of the arid regions is being increased in two ways: first by the spread of improved methods of "dry-farming," which is extending the wheat area westward, and secondly the expenditure of large capital sums (chiefly by the United States Government) upon irrigation schemes. Since, too, for pro- duction on a large scale easy access to markets is all-important, many fertile tracts lie idle until the coming of the railroads; the new Grand Trunk Pa- cific Railway in Canada, for example, has opened up fresh farming areas which only need the influx of capital and labour to become productive. GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS XXXI The climate demands of particular crops are well seen if a study is made of the sequence: wheat, maize, cotton, rice, sugar, cacao, the principal changes being the increase of summer heat, the longer duration of hot weather, the mcrease of rainfall and its more uniform distribution through the year. Of the crops named all but cacao are independent of the winter climate. The best wheat districts are found in the belt of open grassland lying near to the northern and eastern forests, a belt which includes the fields of Sas- katchewan, Manitoba, the Dakotas, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Kansas. Next in importance are the valleys of the Pacific border with plentiful winter rains, yet dry summers. The chief demand of tobacco is for a peculiarly rich soil, and it is found over a wide range of latitude. The Virginia tobaccos are grown in the mid- dle portion of the Atlantic Plain, and in the lower Ohio basin, which includes the famous blue-grass region of Kentucky. The large crop of the lower Con- necticut Valley is not sent abroad. The tobaccos of the tropical area are used in cigar manufacture, the best Havana being obtained only from the west of Cuba. The /ruif-groaitnef^jion/ are of very diverse character. They include the apple orchards of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, the oranges and pine- apples of sub-tropical Florida, the bananas of the West Indies and Central America, and the stone fruit ripening in the summer-drought regions of Cali- fornia, where, too, the raisins, almonds, vines, and olives emphasize the "Mediterranean" character. In southern British Columbia and Washing- ton the deep sheltered valleys are so dry that fruit culture under irrigation is carried on, while the stone fruits and vines of the Lake Peninsula are made possible by the influence of the Great Lakes, which prevent any sudden or rapid variations in temperature. Cattle are reared in the greatest numbers on the rich prairies, but they are found also on the large ranches of the far West, and in eastern Canada where there is a notable cheese industry. Sheep do best in the semi-arid regions, and are most numerous in Montana. The feeding of maize and of cotton- seed cake to stock should be noted, and, in connection with the great indus- trial centres, the growth of market gardening and of dairying in the neigh- bouring rural districts. Turning to the minerals, the precious metals and copper are seen to be as- sociated generally with the Cordillera, but the copper of Lake Superior is of first importance, as is also the iron of the same locality. The relation of the coal fields to the sea, to the Great Lakes, to the iron workings, and to the railways should be noted. Where they occur in prox- imity to the mining centres of the West, as at Denver and Butte, refining and smelting are of importance. The absence of coal in California is compen- sated for by the water-power (transformed into electricity) which the per- ennial torrents from the Sierra Nevada supply, and also by the oil wells, petroleum being very widely used both in industry and in transport. In view of the growing importance of oil as a fuel the petroleum wells of Mexico should be noted. See p. 333. Population Map of North America, p. 88. — ^This map shows that there still remains on our continent vast regions entirely uninhabited. They in- clude the Barren Lands and the greater part of the forests of Canada and Alaska, together with the arid basins of the western United States. In the United States the majority of the people still live to the east of meridian 100°, and almost half of the total population is to be found within an area bounded by the Mississippi and Ohio rivers, the Great Lakes, and the At- lantic Ocean. Here there are facilities unrivalled elsewhere for the develop- ment of industry and commerce, and hence thirty-five out of a total of fifty towns with over 100,000 inhabitants are situated within this area. Just across the boundary the population of Canada is similarly concentrated in the Lake Peninsula and along the lower Ottawa and St. Lawrence rivers. But the recent growth of population here is not to be compared with that farther west. Economic Map of Mexico, p. 89. — Cotton, rice, sugar cane, cacao, and tropical fruits are grown on the marginal lowlands; coffee and tobacco at a greater altitude; and wheat, maize, and temperate fruits where irrigation makes their cultivation possible on the semi-arid plateau. Hemp is grown in Yucatan while in the extreme south the forests yield mahogany and rub- ber. Silver, gold, and other minerals are mined. Note the oil-fields near Tampico. See pp. 333-334. Political Map of Mexico, pp. 90-91.— Mexico is a high table-land, but- tressed on both sides by lofty mountain ranges and edged by low plains on both seas. The table-land goes down to the coast plains by a series of ter- races. The south end of it is crossed by a zigzag line of volcanoes, which are among the loftiest in the world. Mexico is deficient in navigable waterways. The ^10 Grande forms the natural boundary between Mexico •and the United States from El Paso to the sea. The distribution of the towns should be studied in conjunction with the Economic Map. See p. 334. Economic Map of the West Indies, p. 92. — Cuba, the most important island of the West Indies, is chiefly devoted to the growing of sugar cane and tobacco. Jamaica (British) and Porto Rico (United States) closely resemble each other in size, population, and products. In the island ot Haiti coffee, cocoa, cotton, and tobacco are cultivated. Similar products characterize the remaining islands of the group. See p. 327. Political Map of the West Indies, p. 93.— The Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, and Porto Rico) are the remains of a folded mountain system in which the parallel chains run from west to east, a direction which is fol- lowed by some of the chains in Central America. The Lesser Antilles, a chain of volcanic islands, make a loop between Porto Rico and Trinidad. The aborigines have almost disappeared on these islands, their place being taken by negroes and Europeans. The inset map of Haiti and the Domin- ican Republic gives a clear idea of the districts in which the United States troops have played an important part within recent years. Note the posi- tion of Havana, Santiago de Cuba, Port au Prince, Santo Domingo, San Juan, and the Virgin Islands. See p. 327. Political Maps of Porto Rico and Cuba, pp. 94-95. — These two maps are on a larger scale, and should be compared with the Economic Map. For description see above. Standard Time Map of Canada, p. 96. — In Canada six standards of time have been adopted since 1883; four of them coincide with the standards adopted by the United States, namely Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pa- cific, corresponding severally to the mean local times of the 7Stfi> 90th, 105th, and I20th meridians west from Greenwich, and being therefore five, six, seven, and eight hours slower than Greenwich time. There is another standard for the eastern provinces of Canada (four hours slower than Green- wich time) known as Atlantic; while on the extreme west there is the Alaska time (nine hours slower than Greenwich time). Towns and cities near the dividing lines adopt which of the two lines is the more suitable to railway or local requirements. Political Maps of Canadian Provinces, pp. 97-112. — For description see under Canada, pp. 334-335. Political Map of Central America, p. 113. — Central America is on the whole a mountainous region, the greatest altitudes being reached near the Pacific coast. The vegetation consists of forests of the equatorial types in the hot and wet regions, rich savannas on the uplands, and temperate forests on the higher mountain regions. The valleys and plains are very fertile. Note the Canal Zone across the isthmus of Panama. See pp. 326-327. Map of Republic of Panama, pp. 114-115. — The Republic of Panama is divided into seven provinces, their boundaries representing those of old administrative districts; Panama, Colon, Code, Veraguas, Chiriqui, and Bocas del Toro. Along both the northern and southern shores are many inlets affording good anchorage for vessels engaged in coastwise trade. There are no lakes in Panama except the artificial ones in the Canal Zone. Ex- cept for a few swampy areas along the coasts the drainage of the country is excellent. About 150 streams flow to the Caribbean and more than 300 to the Pacific. The Chagres River, now known to all who have followed the building of the canal, has its origin in the wilderness of southeastern Panama, near the Pacific coast. Two-thirds of the area of Panama is occupied by forests of valuable wood. The Atlantic side of the water-parting and the Darien region are the most iensely covered portions of the country. The jungle on the Atlantic slope is so nearly impenetrable that enormous capital will be required to clear the land, a condition which has greatly retarded the development of the lumber industry. On the Pacific side, where the rainfall and humidity are less, the forest is more open and the timber growth smaller. Here are large districts suitable for fruit culture, wheat growing, and cattle raising. There are many localities which are suitable for bananas; others that seem to be spe- cially adapted for tobacco culture; and others where cocoanut plantations would thrive. The present population is sparse, the roads and tracks poor, settlements scattered, while the majority of the people are lacking in energy and interest. See p. 327. Map of the United States Canal Zone, pp. 116-117. — ^The Panama Canal does not cross the Isthmus from east to west, but as will be seen on the map, its general direction is from northwest to southeast, the Pacific entrance near Panama being about 22I miles east of the Atlantic entrance near Colon. The Isthmus at the Canal Zone is about 40 miles wide and ihe entire length of the Canal, from deep water in the Atlanri;- to deep water in the Pacific, is about 50 miles. Of this length about 15 miles are at sea- level, seven miles at the Colon end and eighf at the Panama end. The remainder consists of two elevated reaches, the longer of which — that between Gatun and Pedro Miguel locks — is about 32 miles in length and 85 feet above sea-level, while the shorter — between Pedro Miguel and Mira- flores — is about two miles long and about 55 feet above sea-level. From Gatun for a distance of 24 miles the Canal follows roughly the channel of the Chagres River, and the greater part of this portion has been converted isito Gatun Lake. The points of deepest excavation in the Canal are in Gaillard Cut (Culebra Cut), between Gold and Contractor's Hills. There are six double locks in the Canal; three pairs in flight at Gatun, with a combined lift of 85 feet; one pair at Pedro Miguel, with a lift of 30! feet; and two pairs at Miraflores, with a combined lift of 54! feet at mean tide. The usable dimensions of all are the same — a length of 1,000 feet and width of 1 10 feet. Each lock is a chamber, with walls and floor of concrete, and mitering gates at each end. See p. 340. Maps, pp. 118-235. — The Synopses of the respective countries will be found a great help to an understanding of these maps. For various phrases of the geography of the United States, see above notes on the Physical, Political, Climate, Vegetation, Population, and Economic Maps of North America. Transcontinental Automobile Tours. — The principal automobile routes are indicated on the various State maps. For an official description of Transcontinental Automobile Tours, see p. 240. ALPHABETICAL CONTENTS OF THE NEW ATLAS Africa: Central and Southern, c6 Climate Map (Summer), 50 Climate Map (Winter), 51 Economic Map, 53 Northern, 55 Physical map, 49 Political Map, 49 Population Map, 54^^^ Vegetation Map, 52 Alabama, 170, 171 Alaska, 235 Alberta, 108, 109 Alexander the Great, Empire of, 47 Arabia and Kingdom of Hejaz, 64 Arkansas: Eastern Part, 200, 201 Western Part, 198, 199 Arizona, 220 Asia: Climate Map (Summer), 58 Climate Map (Winter), 59 Economic Map, 61 Physical Map, 57 Political Map, 57 Population Map, 62 Vegetation Map, 60 Asia Minor, 15 Australia: Physical Map, 71 Political and Economic Map, 71 Population Map, 73 Vegetation Map, 72 Austria-Hungary, 43 Balkan States, ix Belgium and the Franco-German Fron- tier, 2, 38 British Columbia, 112 Southern Part, no, in British Isles, 33 Burma, Siam, and French Indo-China, 67 California: Northern and Central Part, 230, 231 Southern Part, 232, 233 Canada, with Standard Time, 96 Canal Zone, 116-117 Central America, 113 Economic Map, 118 Charlemagne, Empire of, 47 China, 70 Colorado : Eastern Part, 218, 219 Western Part, 216, 217 Connecticut, 138, 139 Cuba, Political Map, 95 Dalmatia and Austro-Italian Frontier, 10 Dardanelles, Sea of Marmora and Bos- phorus, 13 Denmark, 37, 39 Eastern and Western Hemispheres, Physical Maps, 17 England and Wales, 34 Europe: Central and Western, 30, 3 1 Central, Showing Fortified Towns, 32 Central and Western, 30, 31 Climate Map (Summer), 24 Climate Map (Winter), 25 Economic Map, 27 Language Map, 23 Physical Map, 22 Physical Map of Central and Western, 20, 21 Political Map Showing Barred Zones, 29 Population Map, 28 Racial Map, 22 Vegetation Map, 26 Florida: Northern Part, 166, 167 Southern Part, 168, 169 France, 40 Eastern with Alsace and Lorraine, 7 Highlands of, 6 Lowlands of Northern and Belgium, 3 Northeastern, Arras to Nancy, I Georgia: Northern Part, 162, 163 Southern Part, 164, 165 Germany, 41 Greece, Ancient, 48 Hawaii, 78, 79 Hejaz, 64 Idaho, 223 Illinois, 184, 185 India, 66 Indiana, 182, 183 Iowa, 192, 193 Ireland, 36 Isochronic Chart, New York via Cape Horn, 80 Isochronic Chart, New York via Panama Canal, 80 Italy, 45 Japan, 69 Kansas, 208, 209 Kentucky and Tennessee, 174, 175 Louisiana, 202 Maine, 134, 135 Manitoba, ■Northern Part, 104, 105 Maritime Provinces of Canada, with Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, 97 Maryland and Delaware, 152, 153 Massachusetts, 138, 139 Mexico: Economic Map, 89 Political Map, 90, 91 Michigan, 180, 181 Minnesota, 190, 191 Mississippi, 172, 173 Missouri: Northern Part, 194, 195 Southern Part, 196, 197 Montana, 214 Nebraska, 210, 211 Netherlands and Belgium, 38 New England, Southern, 138, 139 Nevada, 234 New Jersey, 148, 149 New Mexico, 221 New York: Eastern Part, 144, 145 Northeastern Part, 142, 143 Southern Part, 146, 147 Western Part, 140, 141 North America: Climate Map (Summer), 84 Climate Map (Winter), 85 Economic Map, 87 Language Map, 120 Physical Map, 81 Political Map, 82, 83 Population Map, 88 Vegetation Map, 86 North Carolina, 158, 159 North Dakota, 212 Norway, 37 Oceania, Showing Main Ethnographic Divisions, 74 Ohio: Northern Part, 176, 177 Southern Part, 178, 179 Oklahoma, 203 Ontario: Northern Part, 99 Southern Part, 102, 103 Oregon: Eastern Part, 228, 229 Western Part, 226, 227 Pacific Ocean, North, with the United States and InsularTerritories, 76, 77 Physical Map, 75 Palestine, Modern, 63 Panama, Republic of, 114, 115 Parcel Post Guide, 239 Regulations, 238 Pennsylvania, 150, 151 Persia, Afghanistan, and Baluchistan, 6s Philippine Islands, 68 Polar Regions, 119 Porto Rico, 94 Quebec, 98 South Central Part, 100, loi Rhode Island, 138, 139 Roman Empire, Time of Julius Cxsar, 47 Fifth Century, 47 Russia, 42 Western Poland and the Russo-German Frontier, 14 Saskatchewan, 106, 107 Scotland, 35 South America: Climate Map (May I — October 31), 122 Climate Map (November i — April 30), 123 Economic Map, 125 Language Map, 120 Northern Part, 127 Physical Map, 81 Political Map, 8 x 11, 121 Population Map, 126 Vegetation Map, 124 South Carolina, 160, 161 South Dakota, 213 Spain and Portugal, 46 Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, 37 Switzerland, 44 Texas: Eastern Part, 206, 207 Western Part, 204, 205 United States and Canada: East, 130, 133 Canal Zone, 116, 117 Parcel Post, 236, 237 Standard 1 ime, 129 Transcontinental Automobile Tours, 240 West, 132, 133, Utah, 222 Vermont and New Hampshire, 136, 137 Virginia, 154, 155 Virgin Islands, 118 War Maps, 1-15 War Names, Pronunciation of, 16 Washington, 224, 225 W'estern Front, Index of, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12 West Indies, 92, 93 West Virginia, 156, 157 Wisconsin: Northern Section, 186, 187 Southern Section, 188, 189 World at War, i World, Mercator's Projection, 18, 19 Wyoming, 215 COMPLETE INDEX OF NEW WAR MAPS OF THE WESTERN FRONT Copyright, 1917, by C. S, Hammond & Co., N. Y. This compilation contains the names of ail places shown on the accompanying maps. Locations are indicated by the index references at the right. Mati "A" con- tains the names of all places from A to D, and from 1 to 5. Map *'B" contains the names of all places from D to M, and from 5 to 12. Map "C" contains the names of all places from M to R and from 8 to 16. The names of the countries are shown by initials as B — Belgium; F — France; G — Germany; L — Luxemburg. Abancourt, i*'. , . . F 6 Abbecourt, F. . . . F 8 Abbeville, F. ...LIO Ablain, F E 5 Ablancourt, F. ..Ill Ablois, F GIO Achen, G UIO Achern, G R12 Acheux, F D 6 Achicourt, F. ,.E 5 Achiet. F E 6 Acq, F E 5 Acricourt, F. ...E 8 Acy-en-Multien, F ElO Adegem, B F 2 Adelange, G. ...NU Adinfer, F E 6 Adinkerke, B. ..E 2 Aeltre U F 2 .'Veiseele. B F 3 Aertrycke, B. . . . F 2 Afsne. B G 2 Agimont, B T 5 Aginoourt, F M12 Agnez, F E 5 Agnieres, F. ...E 5 Agnietes, F E 5 Agny, F E S Aiglemont, F. . . . J 7 Aillevillers, F. ..Ml 5 Ailloncourt, F. . ..M16 Ailly. F LU Ailly-sur-Noye, f; ...'...0 7 Aincreville, F. . . K 9 Ainval, F D 8 Aire, F D 4 Aire, F. H 9 Aisy, F F 9 Aix, F E 5 Aix, F F S Alber, G MIO Alberschweiler, G. 012 Albert, F E 6 Albesdorf, G Nil Alincourt, F. . . .H 9 Allaines, P E 7 Allarmont, F 013 Alle, U 17 Allemant, F. ...ClI Allennes, F E 4 Allondrelle, F. .L 8 Alt Breisach, G. .PU Altenglan, G. . ..O 8 Altenhof, G. ...014 Altheim G OlO Altweiler, G. ...NIO Altweiler, G. ...OH Altzingen, L. . .M 8 Alzenbach, G. ..P16 Amagne, F J 8 Amance, F Mil Amance, F. .. ..M12 Amanweilcr, G. MiO Ambacourt, F. . . M 1 3 Amberloup, B. ..K 6 Ambievillers, F. MLS Ambleny, F F 9 Ambletense, F. .C 3 Amblimont, P. . K 8 Ambonnay, F. .1110 Ambrines, F. . .D 5 Amel, F L 9 Amiens, F D 7 Amifontaine, F...G 9 Ammersweier, G..014 Amonines, B. . . .L 5 Amy, F. E 8 Ancemont, F KIO Ancy, G MIO Andechy, F E 8 Andillv, F I. It Andlau, G. 013 Andun, G L 9 Angres, F. E S Angweiler, G. .Nil Anhee, B J 5 Aniches, F PS Anizy, F F 8 Anlier, B L 7 Anloy, n K 7 Annay, F K 5 Annequin, F. . . K 4 Annet, F Ell Anneux, F F 6 Annevoie, B. . . .J 5 Annoculin, F. . . E -f Annweiler, G. ..RIO Anor, F H 6 Anould, F N 14 Anoux, P L 9 Anozei, F N14 Anseremme, B. .J 5 Anthec, B J 5 Anl'helupt, F. ..M12 Anthenay, F. ..GIO Antilly, G MIO Antoing, B. . . .F 4 Anuin, F D 5 Anvaing, B G 4 Anwen, L M 8 Any, F H 7 Anzelin, G N 9 .\nzin, F F 5 Appensweier, G. R12 Appilly, F F 8 Apremont, P. J 9 Apremont, F Lll Arbre, B G 4 Ardenne, B K 6 Ardon, F G 8 Ardoye, B F 2 Ardres, F D 3 Arleux, F E 5 Arleux, P F" 5 Arlon, B L 8 Armancourt, F. ..E 9 Afmentieres. P. ..E 4 Arneke, F D 3 Arracourt, F N12 Arras, P. E 5 Arrays, F M U Ars, G. MIO Artaise, F J 8 Artes, F G 5 Artognes, F Gil Artres, F G 5 Arville, B K 6 Arvillers, F E 7 Arzenheim, G. ...P14 Arzweiler, G 012 Ascq, F F 4 Asteld, F H 9 Aspach, G 015 Assebrouck, B. ..P 2 Assweiler, G OlO Ath, B G 4 Athies, F E .S Athies, F E 7 Athies, F G 8 Athis, B G 5 Athis, F HIO Athus, B L 8 Attainville, F DIG Attert, B L 7 Attichy, F F 9 Attigny, F J 9 Atton, F Mil Aubange, B L 8 Aubencheul, F...F S Aubenton, F H 7 Auberchicourt, F.F 5 Auberive, F HIO Aubers, F E 4 Aubigoy, F E 5 Aubigny, F F 5 Aublain, B H 6 Auchel, F D 4 Auchonvillers, F.E 6 Auchy, F D 4 Auchy, F F .S Audenarde, B....G 3 Audresselles, F. . .C 3 Audruicq. P D 3 Audun le-Roman. F L 9 Auge, F H 7 Aulnay, F HID • Aulnois, F G 5 Aulnois, F .G 8 Aulnois, G Mil Aulnoye, F G 6 Aumetz, G L 9 Aure, F T 9 Autel Bas, B L 8 Authe, F T 9 Authuill, F E 6 Autrecourt, F KlO Autreville, F P 8 Autrey, F N13 Autruche, F T 9 Autry, F J 9 Auve, P.? TIO Auvillers. F 11 7 Auxi le Chateau, F. D 6 Auzeville, F KIO Avancon, F H 9 Avaux, F H 9 Avecappelle, B...E 2 Avelghem, B F 3 Avelin, F F 4 Aveluy, F E 6 Avenay, F HIO Averdoingt, F...D 5 Aves le Comte, P.E 5 Avesnes, F E 5 Avesnes, F F 6 Avesnes, F G 6 Avion, F E 5 Avioth, F K 8 Avize, F Gil Avocourt, F KIO Avrainville, P.... Lll Avricourt, G N12 Avril, F L 9 Awenne, B K 6 Awoingt, F F 6 Ay, F HIO Ay. G M 9 Ay, G MIO Aydoilles, F N14 Aye, B. K 5 Ayette, P E 6 Azannes, F K 9 Azelot, F M12 Azincourt, F D 5 Azoudange, G....N12 Baalons, F I 8 Baccarat, P Iil3 liachem, G N 9 Baconnes, F HIO Badenweiier, G...P15 Badonviller, F...N13 Bagimont, B .J 7 IJagneux, F F 9 Bablingen, G P14 Bailcux, B H 6 Hailleul, P.. E 4 BaiUeul, F E 5 B.-iilleulval. F. . . . E 6 Bains les Bains, F. M14 Balderslieim, G...U1.S Balgau, G P15 Ballay, F .] 9 Baltersweiler, G. .O 9 Hancourt, F E" 6 Hande, B K 6 Bande Sapt, P. .013 Hannogne, F....H 8 Bannoncourt, P..K11 Bannstein, G....r*ll Bantheville, F K 9 Bapaume, F K ^^iiiHo ) nils Batlerj' / ^SiH^^ Lj oA\ Bettiomvim Riffeeiifeld** o Nohfn i NghfeI.Jen Ihifddd __oKaiikmt jrair^te --poOirmingen \ ip'iborn Ottwei]ero\ ,3. .to ^'"\.„- "'' Volkmgcn KiibelbcTgO ir-geri^ SchitAveiJ^ KAISERSLAtJTEH f Haiiplstuhl oT.^-'niJ.-'tiihl S.tiirweilfnpcn n-f , — - ^ f^ — ^ ., , o.SuUfuch "%, Krachcnburgo Homburg ♦Ft.St.Barbe'yVb' meringL^n ''Le«E inteuffei EtatigB o « Ft.2a£lror m.5e UnJrt^i)i * oCoIomhey / P C''iirct;l\s 'ange nili>- Tiah Jiil ^ Manho / trn^™ VKrfu.»a!,| /■ sJ6ffi3l,l cC.iiimo \'\ ' ^ 'ay X\ V Fwrftif.^ o Rohrkiih /^Schnttt "i^uUkirhe Ass we Nero gchwanenacker Pfarebcrsweile: Herlingcii Ho!a..xairt [ Uil: o ^^^'^^ ■■ ■:■■ ^W Leilme Johanna Kohrbach'^ ^ iUerwkltl c __ Heilimer / ilr Tanchen ■>■ oMarlhiNo^'v' Oroa .^eC"' .^»^^ Mutttt^ * ' -^ * ciGershcim _ J HabJ<^.hfn ,/ , . ^^ -' ' Mr-i.-nkiibath C „-— ■e—'j- , oWotmoiislfr ' ^'^ * fcf'twii oWaJ>ia!l>en ' ,-,0 '^15^-SiebcrTtiuhIe EASTERN FRANCE WITH A LSACE AND LORRA INE SCALE OF MILES Railroads Canals. . Forta _ ^ FortresBca, ^ HEIGHT OF LAND ■■^H 3281 feet oLefmen 1 .T>8to 656 feet Edesheiti c o Merialben ^alberi , . ,^^iiK3rUswie»t^nq : *irmascn^HftitavfidtniiTai o KpjjtirihrHTin ^oDahn Klingenmufi3 ptq^ \ Birkenhanito Weidershein. .^yr « "Kitlhauficn . ^IkffjiUheini K n rhiTTtFmV Iblintftno t o Sturjelbainn — -, Ober Stei(a(aeh o '^TBanqsteinyi -.Lcwy PeUobach :^ mi \ Rechteiiberg ' Lembach t Mt-der LauterbacTro "VS gweilcr uibourg O *N_^__Olff'.Tm>urto Uy . ^- X ;■' B«a;)ge BounMnna N^ oMawJCTcs a^^Mommenheim o Brumath |"";^2:!^ jl&^™^ »u»!:s ^-■y --—- *^"^ ' ■ / ' \ "■"■-o^^y 1 '■■iiiii.TiIieim'^ Wanzenaiify^ y^// ) Oh«!rEKifteim ' f^OberbTOino (g GonderrfWFtn "Suiz^^Hofen bSurburgNieder-Ro lem o Vincenbacho . Sufrienhein oHaffenau .4^^ * tstaH^ -'HiJlelshei, V Oo/o oSujllhofcn/ JO /^, au jJs' Lautni^ V -.Of J.- Sl.Kr^v ( Marckclsheii Boofzhd , o Mutter; ileUstadt > Saasentfi 3(/ 13 oWcS fllln^il 1 1 yv\r>Er»mcn(iingen l/^IMeyt-- osir,c™a»^->'^ * l»n,hor kla.„„ "KiMflj,,,! J OS, from O 8 INDEX OF THE ^A/^ESTERN FRONT Frise, F E 7 Froescliwiller, G.Pll Frohen le Grande, F U 6 Froidchapelle, B.H 6 Fromtlles, F. . ..E 4 Fromentieres, F.CiIl Froniezey, F. ..LIO Frontigny, F. ..0 8 Frouard, F Mil Frouard, F M12 Froyeiles, F. . . .C 6 Fruges, F D 4 Fumay, F J 6 Furdenheim, G. .I''12 Furnaux, B JS Furnes, B I'- 2 Futeau, F KIO Galametz, F. . . D 5 Gandekt, F FIO Gannies, F H 8 Garrepuis, F. . . E 8 Gatelet, F E 7 Gauchin-Legal, F.E S Gaurain, B F 4 Gavere, B G 3 Gavisse, G M 9 Gavrelle, F E 5 Gebweiler, G. ..OlS Gedinne, B J 6 Gtispolshm, G. .PI2 Gelycourt, G ...N12 Gembes, B K 6 Genaville, F. ...1. 10 Geiicch, P F 4 Gengenbach, G. . R13 Genicourt, F. ..KIO Gcnly, B GS Genvry, F F 8 Gerardmer, F. ..N14 Gerbepal, F. ...N14 Gerbeviller, F. ..N13 Gercourt, F. ..K 9 Germaiiie, F. ..HIO Germont, F J 9 Gernay, G G15 GerouviUe, B. ..K 8 Gerpinns, B. ...US Gertwciler, G. ..P13 Gesnes, F. ..;..K 9 Gesponsart, F. -.J 7 Gheluvelt, B. ..F 3 Gheluwe, B F 3 (Ihent, B G 2 Ghislcnghien, 11.. G 4 Ghistelles, B. ..E 2 Ghlin, B G 5 Ghyvelde, F. . . . E 2 Gildweiier, G. ..016 Gimnee, 15 J 6 Gincrey, F L 9 Girecourt, F. ..N14 Giromagny, F. .N15 Gironville, F. ...LH Gits, B F 3 Givenchy, F. ...E 4 Givenchy-en- Gobelle, F. ...E 5 Givet, F .16 Givonne, F K 7 Givry, F Jll Gizy, F .G 8 Glan Munchweiler, G P 9 Ciode«aersvelde, P E 3 Coin, G -Mil Golancourt, F. ..F 8 Golbey, F M14 Gomiecourt, F. . E 6 Gommecourt, F. . F. 6 Gomont, F H 8 Gondecourt, F. ..F 4 (iondrecourt, F. . L 9 Gondreville. F. ..L12 Cionesse, F Ell Gorcy, F L 8 Gorze, G MIO Gottenheini, G..-P14 Goudelancourt, P. G 8 Gouden Hand, B.G 2 Gouratncourt, F. .7. 9 Gourcelles, G...M10 Gournay, F E 8 Gouves, F E 5 Gouy, F D S Gouzeaucourt, F.F 6. Gow^nhciin, G...01S Goxweiler, G. ..PI 3 Graftenstaden, G.P12 Graide, B K 7 Grammont, B....G 3 Grandcourt, F. . E 6 Gde Rembercourt, F Kll Grandfontafne, G 013 Gd. Ham, F J 9 Gd. Hettingen, G M 9 Grandlup, F. ...G 8 Grandmenil, B...L 5 Gd. Mourmelon, F HIO Grand Pre, F....T 9 Grandrieu, B. .H 6 Gd. Rozoy, P. ..FIO Grand Rullecourt, F D 5 Gd. St. Hilaire, F HIO Gr. Tarchen. G.N11 Grandvoir. B....K 7 Granges. F N14 Gratreuil, F. ...J 9 Gravelines, F. ..D 3 Gravelotte, G. .MIO Greimeratli, G. . . N 8 Gremilly, F L 9 Grenay, F E 5 Gresheim, G. ...OlO Gretz, F El2 Grevillcrs. F. ,..E 6 Grigy, G MID Gripport. F. ...M13 Griviller.s, F. ...E 8 Grouches, F. . . .D 6 Gruey, F. M14 Grumbach, G. ..P 8 Gruny, F E 8 Grupont, B K 6 Gruson, F F 4 Gruyshautem, lt..G 3 Gueblange, G. ..Nil Guemar, G 014 Guentrangen, G..M 9 Guerbigny, F. ...E 8 Guesnain, F F 5 Guignico-urt, .F. . G 9 Guines, F C 3 Guirsch, B L 8 Guiscard, F. . . . F 8 Guise, F G 7 Guisy, F F 9 Guivry, F F 8 GuUeghem, B. ..F 3 Gundelfingen, G.P14 Gundershofen, G Pll Gundolsheim, G..OI5 Guny, F F 8 Habarcq, F E 5 Habay-Ia-Neuve, B L 8 Habay-ia-V'ieiile, U L 8 HaJikirchen, G...O10 Habsheim, G. ..()16 Ilachy, B L 8 Hacquegnies, B. .(i 4 Hagen, L L 8 Hagenau, G. ...Pll Hagendingen. G.MIO Haironville, F. . K12 Haisneso. F. . ..E 5 Halles, F K 9 Hailing, G XIO Hallu, F E 7 Halluin, F P3 Halma, B K 6 Halsdorf, (i. ...N 9 Ham, F D 4 Ham, F F 7 Hamhach, G. ...NIO Hamel, F E 6 Hamel, F E 7 Ilampont, G. . ..Nil Han, B K 6 Han, G Mil Hancourt, F. . . . F 7 Handzaeme, B...F 2 Hannapes, F. . .II 7 Hannescanip. F..F.'6 Hannogne, P. . . H 8 Haraumont, F. .K 9 Harcigny, F. ...H 7 Hardelot, F C 4 Hargarten, G. ..Nln Hargicourt F. . . F 7 Hargnies, F ,T 6 Harlange, L. . . . L 7 Harleheke, B F .1 Hard, F. M14 Haroue, F M13 Harre, B L 5 Harsin, B K 6 Hartennes, F. .. .F 9 Hartheim, G. ...PIS Harville, F LIO Hary, P G 7 Haslach, G R1.1 Hasnon. F F 5 Haspelscheldt, G PIO Hastiere, B 15 Hatt^ncourt, F..F. 7 Hattigny, G. ...012 Hattonchatel, F..L10 Haubourdin. P. . E 4 Haucourt, F E 5 Haucourt, F L 9 Haiidiomont, F..K10 Haudompre, F...MI4 Haulchin. F F .S Hauptstuhl. G...P 9 Hausach, G K'13 Haussimont, p. .Hll Haussy, P F 6 Haussy, F G 6 Haul, B .J 6 Hautecourt. F. ..LIO Hautefontaine. F.F 9 Hautcs Rivieres, F J 7 Hautmont, F G 5 Ilautmougey, F M14 Ilautvillerii, F.. .C 6 Hanvinc, F H 9 Havangisn. G....I, 9 Haver.siii. B. . . .K 5 Hayingen, G. ...M 9 Haielbrouck. p. .D 4 Hebuterre. F. .E 6 Hedauvllle. F. . .F. 6 Heer, B T 6 Heiltz. P )li Heiltz-le-Maurupt, F. jn Heimbach, G. ..f) 8 Heimsbrunn, G...016 Heiteren, G. ...P15 Heitersheim, G..OI4 Hcllemmes, F. .F 4 Hellimer, G. ...Nil Hellocourt, G. .N12 Htm, F D 6 Hem, F F 4 Hemelverdegem, B G 3 Hemering, G NIO Hendecourt, F. . E 6 Henin, F E 6 Heninel, F E 6 Henin Lietard, F F 5 Htnnemont, P. .LIU Hennezel, P. ..M14 Hensies, B G 5 Herbeumont, B..K 7 Herbeviller, F. .N12 Herliitzheim, G..O10 Herbolzheim, G..P14 Herchies, B. . . .G 4 Herinnes, B. . . . F 4 Herlies, P E' 4 Herlingen, G. ..Nil llerlin-le-Sec, F D 5 Herlisheim, G...014 Herlisheim, G...P12 HerKsheim, G...P15 Hermaville^ F...E 5 Hermies, F F 6 liermonville, F. . G 9 Herpy, F H 8 Hersin, F E 5 Hertaville, F....NU Hertzing, G. ...N12 Herzeele, F. .. .E 3 Ilerzheim, G. ..RIO Hesbecourt, P. .F 7 Hesdin, F C 5 Hesperaiig^, L. . M 8 Hesperingen, L..M 8 Hestrud, F H 6 Het Sas, li E 3 Heuchin, F 5 Heudicourt. F. . . F 6 Heudicourt, F. . .1-11 Heule, B F 3 Heur«, B K 5 Heusweiler, G...N 9 Heyst, B F 1 Hiermont, F. . .D 6 Hinges, p E 4 Hinterweidentbal, G PIO Hirra, G 013 Hirson, P H 7 Hirtzfelden, G...P15 Hives, B L 6 Hochfelden, G. ..Pll Hodister, H. .. .K 6 Hoteld, G O 8 Hofen, G PI! llogne, B K 5 Ilolacourt, G. ..Nil Ilollain, B P 4 Hollange, B L 7 Hollebeke, B. ...E 3 Hollerich, L. ...M 8 Holz, G O 9 Hombleux, F. ...E 8 Homblicres, F...F 7 Homburg, G. ..NIO Ilomburg, G. .. .O 9 Homecourt, P. .LIO Hompre, B L 7 Hon, F G 5 Hondeghem, F..D 3 Tlondelaiige, B. .L 8 Ilondschoote. F. . E 3 Hooge, B E 3 Hooglede, B. ...F 3 Hoogstade, B. ..E 3 Hornbach, G. ..OlO Hospres, F P 5 Hoste, G NIO Houchin, F E 5 Houdain, F E 5 Houdremont, B. ..T 7 Houffalize, B. ..I. 6 Houplin, P F 4 Houplines, F. . .E 4 Hour, B .T 6 Houssen, G. ...014 Housset, F G 7 Houthen, B. ...E 2 Houthulst, B. . .E 3 Houtkerque. P. .E 3 Houttaye, B. . . .F 2 Houx, B .T 5 Houyet, B K fi Hucqueliers, P. .C 4 Hugelsheim, G...RI1 Hugsw^ier, G. ..P13 Huiron, F .TI2 Hulhich, F E 5 Hulste. B F 3 Humbercourt, F.D 6 Huttingen. G....P1.'; Hvmont, F M13 Ibigny, G N12 Ichenheim, G....P13 Ichteghem, B....F 2 Iges, P .17 Igney, P M13 Hies, F E 4 IlHngen, G O 9 Hly, F .T 7 Imecourt, F. . ..K 9 Inchy, F F 6 Ingelmunster, B F 3 Ingw«iler. G. .. .Pll Innenheim, G....P12 Insming, G Nil lony, F GIO Ire, F K 8 Irmstett, G 012 Iseghem, B F 3 Isles-sur Suippe, F H 9 Issenheim, G....015 Issoncourt, F....K11 lttersdorf,'G N 9 Ivoiry, F. K 9 Ivry, F .Dll Ivifuy, F F 6 Izel, B K 8 Iz«l, F E 5 Jabbeke, B F 2 Jaillon, F Mil Jallaucourt, G. ..Mil Jalons, F lllo Jamagne, B J 5 Jamappes, B. ...G 5 Jametz, F K 9 Jamoignes, B. . . K 8 Jamoille, B II 5 Jarmenil, F N14 Jarny, F. LIO Jarville, F M12 Jaulgonne, F ...FIO Jaulzy, F F 9 Jeandelize, F. ...LIO Jeantes, F. .'.... M 7 Jebsheim, G. . . . ( )I4 jenlain, F G 5 Jesonville, F. ...M14 Jeumont, F H 5 loeuf, P L 9 Johanns Rohr- bach, G NIO Tolivet, F N12 Jollain, li F 4 Jonchery, F G 9 lontjuery, F (110 Jonville, F LIO Jouarre, F Fll .louaville, F LIU Tourny, F C 3 "touy, F GIO Jouy-sur Morin, F Fll Julvecourt, F. ...KIO Jumencourt, P. . . F 8 Jumigny, F (i 9 Junglinster, L..M 8 luniville, F II 9 Jurbise, B G 4 Juseret, H K 7 Jussecourt, F. ....Ill Jussy, F F 8 juvigny, F K 9 Juville, G .Mil tuvrecourt, F. ..N12 Juzancourt, P. ..H 8 Kaisersbtrg, G..014 Kaiserslautern, G P 9 Kalhaustjn, G. ..OlO Kandel, G RIO Kandern, G P16 Kappel, G P13 Kappelrodeck, G Rli Karlingen, G. ..NIU Kedange, G. . . . M 9 Kehl, G P12 Kemplich, G. . . . M 9 Kenzingen, G....P14 Kerling, G M 9 Keskastel, G Oil Keyem, B E 2 Klein, G OlO Klingenmuster, G Pin Knesselaere, B. . . F 2 Knocke, B PI Kochern, G NIO Koenigsmacken, G M 9 Kocur la Gde., F Kll Koeur la Pte., F Kll Kollnau, G R14 Konken, G O 8 Kork. G PL' Krachenburg, G..O 9 Kreuzwald, G. ..NIO Krozingen, G. ..PI."; Kruth, G Nl.S Kubelberg, G. ..O 9 Kunheim, G P14 Kusel, G O 8 La Barriere, B K 6 La Bassee, P. . . .E 4 La Berlieres. P. .J 8 Labeuville, F. ..LIO La Boisselle, F. . E 6 La BouteiUe, F C* 7 La Bresse, F. . .N14 Labry, P LIO La Capelle, P. . .G 6 La Cassine, F J 8 Le Catelet, F. .F 6 La Chalade. F...KIO La Chappelle, F ElO La Chapelle, F..K 7 La Chapelle, F...N16 La Chan. Aux Bois, F. M14 La Chaussee, P. . .01 La Chavatte, F. . E 7 La Chepoe, F. ..110 Lachy, F Gil Lacon, P E 4 La Croix, F J 9 Lacroix, P Lll Lacroix, St. Ouen, F E 9 La Ferte, F G 8 La Ferte-Gaucher, F Fll La Ferte Milon F FlO La Perte-sous- Jouarre, P. ..Fll Lagarde, G N12 Lagnicourt, F. . . E 6 Lagney, F L12 Lagny, F Ell La Gorgu«, F. . .E 4 La Haute Maison, F Ell La Herliere, P. . .E 6 Laheycourt, F...K11 Lahr, G P13 Laimont, F Kll Lallaing, F F 5 La Malmaison, F G 8 La Marcq, P. . . .P 4 Lambres, F D 4 Lam'bres, F F 5 La Montagne, F.L 9 Lamortaye, F DIO Lamorteau, B. . .L 8 La Morthomme, F .79 Lamorville, P.... Lll Lamotte, F. _. . . . E 7 Lancheres, F. ..C 6 Lancon, F J 9 Landau, G RIO Land"ecourl, F. .M13 Landegem, B. . .G 2 Landersheim, G..P12 Landes, P P 5 Landrecies, F. ..G 6 Landres, P L 9 Landrethon, F...C 3 Landroff, G. ..Nil Lacdstuhl, G....P 9 Laneffe, B. . .". . .J 5 La Neuvelotte, F M12 La Neuville, P.. .G 8 La Neuville. F. . . G 9 La Neuville, F. . . H 9 La Neuville-au- Pont, F JIO La Neuville aux- Bois, F Jll Lanfroicourt, F.Mll Langatte, G 012 Lang«marck, B..E 3 Langemer, P. . .NI4 Languion, F I- 9 Lannoy, F F 4 Laon, P G 8 La Paire, F. '. ...N13 La Paix, F G 8 La Pave, F F 6 La Pere, F F 8 La Pinte, B G 3 La Plage, F. . . . C 5 La Pommeraye, F PS Lappion, F G 8 Laquenexy, G. ..MIO Larbroye, P. . . .E 8 Laroche, B L 6 La Romagne, P.H 8 La Romainie, P.. JIO La Rue St. Pierre, F D 9 La Sars, F E 6 La Selve, F G 8 Lassignv, F. . . . E 8 La Targette, F..E 5 Latour, F LIO La Tretoire, F...F11 Laucourt, F. . . . E 8 Launois, F H 8 Launois, F 013 Lautenbach, G. . . 1 5 Laut«nbach, G...RI2 Lautenbach-Zell, G OlS Lauterburg, G...R11 I.auterecken, G. .P 8 Lauterfinger, G..NI1 Lautzkirhen, G...O10 Lavacherit, B...K 6 Laval, P G 8 Laval, F H 7 Laval, F 710 Lavannes, F. ..H 9 Lavelinc, F N14 Laveline, F 013 Laventie, F. . . . E 4 La Vei'vc, P. ..HIO Lavieville, F E 7 >La Ville. F G 8 La Villedicu. F.M15 La Voivre, F....N13 Laxou. F M12 Lay, P M12 Lebach, G N 9 Le Boisle. F. . .C S Le Breuil. F. ..Gil Le Cateau. F...G 6 Le Chatelet. F...H 9 Lechelle. F. ...E 6 L' Echelle, P. ..E 8 Le Chesne, F. . .J 8 Le Clerins, P. . .MIS Lecluse, F F 5 Le Coq, B F 1 Le Crotoy, P. . . . C 6 Ledeberg, B. . . .G 2 Leerne, B G 2 Leers, B F 4 Le Fays, F 712 LefTincourt, F. ...J 9 Leffinghe, B. . . . E 2 Le Fraitcux. P.. .013 Le Gault, F. ..Gil Ltglise, 13 K 7 Le Gris-Nes, F.C 3 Le Ham, F N15 Le Hourdel, P.. .C 6 Leimen, G PIO Leintry, F N12 Leke, B E 2 LeUing, G NIO Lemarche, P. . .Lll Lcmbach, G. ...Pll Lemberg, G. ...Oil Le Menil, P. ..M14 Le Menil, F. ...N15 Le Mesnil, F. ..Hll Le Mesnil Amelot, F ElO Lemmes, F KIO Lemoncourt, G..M11 Lendetede, B....F.3 Lening, G Nil Le Nouvion, F. .G 6 Lens, F E 5 Lenses tfi-JDendrle, B G 4 Le Parcq, F. ...D 5 Lepine, F C 5 L' Epine, F. . ..Hll Le Plessis-Belle- ville, F ElO Le Porte, P. . ..C 4 Lepror-les-Valles, P H 7 Lepuix, F N15 Le Quesnoy, F. . G 5 Le Quesnoy, P. . G 6 Le Raincy, F Ell Le Retortat, F...G12 Lerouville, F Kll Lerouville, F. ...Lll Les Alleux, F...J 8 Les Attaquts, F.C 3 Le Sauley, P. . .013 Les Bas Rupt, F N14 Les-Bitry, F. ...F 9 Lesboeufs, P. . .E 6 Les Bruyers, B..G 5 Les Bulles, B. . . K 8 Les Cuves, P...N14 Lesdins, F P 7 Le Sec, F L 9 Les Eparges, p. .LIO Les Etangs, G...M10 Les Gdes. I.eges. F HIO Les Islettes. F. .JIO Lesmenlis. P. ..Mil Les Ptes Leges, F HIO Lesseux, F 013 iLessines, B G 4 I-essive, B K 6 Lestre, F F 6 Le Thillot, P. . .N15 Le Tholy, F....N14 Le Thour, F H 8 Le Thuel, P. . .H 8 Le Transloy, F..E 6 Le Tremblois, F.J 7 Leubringhen, P. .C 3 Leury, P P 9 Leuze, B G 4 Leval. F 6 Le Vald' .\jol, P N15 Le Valtin. F. . .NI4 Levergles, P. . . F 7 Levignen, P. . . ElO Ley, G N12 , Leyr. F Mil Leyviller, G NIO Lezennes. F F 4 Lezey, G N12 Liancourt, F. . . . E 7 I-iancourt, F. . . . E 9 Liart, F H 7 Libermont, F. . .F 8 Libin, B K 6 Libramont, B. ..K 7 Lichtenaii. G. . ..R12 Lichtervelde. B..F 2 T.iencourt. P. . .D 5 Liepvre. G 013 Lieques, F C 3 Lierd«, B G 3 Liemeux, B. . . . L 5 Lierval, F G 9 Liesse, F G 8 Liessiers. P. . . . H 6 Lievin, F E 5 Ligne, B G 4 Ligny, F E 4 Ligny, F E 6 Ligny, F F 6 Ligny, P K12 Lihons. F E 7 Lille P F 4 Lillers. F Tl 4 Linselles, p. . . . F 4 Linthes. F Gil Liny, F K 9 Lironville, p. ...Lll Liry, F 7 9 Lisbourg, F D 4 7,isdorf. G N 9 risle-en-Barrois, F K'll T.i«5eweghe, B.. .F 1 Lissey, P K 9 Liverdun, F. . . .Mil Livry, P Ell Livry, F HIO Lixheim, G Oil Lixieres, F L 9 Lixing, G NIO Lizerne, B E 3 Lizy, F FIO Lobbes, B H 5 Lochingen, G. . .012 Locquignol, F. ..G 6 Locre, B E 3 Loftre, F F 5 Loison, F L 9 Loisy, P Jll Loisy, F Mil Loivre, F G 9 Lombaertzyde, B.E 2 Lomme, F E 4 Lommer, G M 9 Lomprez, B. . . . K 6 Longchamps. B..L 6 Longchanips, F..F 7 Longtville, P.. . K12 Longeville, G NIO Longlier, B, . . . K 7 Longpont, F. . . F 9 Longueau, F D 7 Longueval, F. ..E 6 Longueville, F...C 4 Longvilly, 1*. . .L 6 Longwe, F J 9 Longweau, F, ..D 7 Longwy, F L 8 Lonny, F ] 7 Loo, B E 3 Loon-I'lage, F. ..U 3 Loos, F E 5 Loos, F F 4 Lootenhulle, B...F 2 Lophem, B F 2 Lor, F H 8 Lorch, G P14 Lorentzweller, L.-M 8 Lorenzen, G. ...Oil Lorry, G MIO Losheim, G N 8 Louette St. Denis, B J 7 Louette St. Pierre, B i 7 Louppy, F K 9 Louppy, F Kll Louvemont, F . . . KIO Louvois, F IIIO Louvrechy, F. . . D 8 Louvres, F ElO Lubey, F L 9 Lucey, P. L12 Lucheux, F. . . . U 6 Lucquy, F 118 Lucy, G .Mil Ludes, P mo Ludres, F .M12 I-umbres, F D 4 Lumes, F J 7 Luneville, Iv ....Ml 2 Luppy,. G .Mil Luttange, G. . . .M 9 Lutterbach, G...01S Lutzelburg, G...012 Lutzelhausen, G..012 Lutzelstein, G. ..Oil Luxemburg, L. .,M 8 Luxeuil, F MIS Luzarches, P. ..DIO Lys, F P 4 Mabompre, B. ..L 6 Machault. P. ..H 9 Machecourt, P. ..G 8 Macon, B II 6 Macquenoise, B. . H 6 Madeleine, P. . .F 4 .Magneux, F. . . .G 9 Magnicourt en ' Comte, F D 5 Magnieres, F. . .N13 Magny, F F 7 Magny, F N16 Mahlberg, G. ..P13 Maignelay, V. . . .E 8 Mailly, P Mil Main ore sson. F..H 8 Maing, F G 5 Mainville. F. ...I. 9 Maisoncelles, F. .Fll Maisons, F Hll Maissin, IJ K 7 Maixe, F M12 Maizeray. F LIO Maizey, F Lll Maizieres, G. . . .N12 Maizy, F G 9 Malancourt, F...K 9 Maldegem, B. . .F 2 Malo-les-Bains, P D 2 Malroy, G MIO Malstatt, G NIO Malvaux, F. ...N15 Mamer, L L 8 Malzeville. F. . .M12 Mametz, F E 6 Mamey, P Lll Manancourt, P. . E 6 Mance, F L 9 Mandrag, P. ...014 Manheulles, F...Lin Manhoue. G. . ..Mil Manicamp, P. . . . F 8 Maninghem, F. ..C 4 Manoncourt, P. ..Lll Manonvillers, P..NI2 Manre. F 7 9 Marainviller. F..N12 Marbache, P. ...Mil INDEX OF THE WESTERN FRONT Marbaix, B H S Marbehan, B. ..L 7 Marchais, F, . .G 8 Marche, B K 5 Marchelep, F. . .E 7 Marchiennes, F. .F S MarciUy, F. ...ElO Marck, F C 3 Marckolslieim, G.P14 Marcoing, F. . . . F 6 Marcq, F J. 9 Manenne, B K 5 Marest, F F 8 Maretz, F F 6 Mareuil, F E 8 Mareuil, F FIO Mareuil, F Gil Mareuil, F 1110 Margival, F F 9 Margny, F E 9 Margut, F K 8 Manakerke, B. ..E 2 Maricourt, F. . . . E 7 Mariembojrg, B..U 6 Marieux, F. . . .D 6 Marimont, G. ..Nil Markirch, G. ...013 Marie, F'. G 7 Marlemont, F. ..U 7 Marlenheini, G. ..012 Maries, F E 5 Maries, F El 2 Mariey, F G 5 Marloie, B K 6 Marly la Ville, F DIO Maroeuil, F E 5 Maroilles, F- ...G 6 Maronvillers, F. .HIO Marquette, F. . . . F 5 Marquilles, F E4 Marquui, B F 4 Marquion, F. . .F 6 Marquise, F. ..^.C 3 Marquivillers, F..E 8 Marre, F KIO Marsal, G Nil Mars-la-Tour, F..L10 Marson, F JU Martelange, B.. .L 7 Marteville, F. . .F 7 Marthill, G Nil MarviUe, F K 9 Masbourg, B. . -K 6 •Masniunster, G..015 Matigny, F F 7 Matougues, F. ...Hll Maubert-Fontne, F H 7 Maubeuge, F. . .G 5 Maubray, B. ...G 4 Maucourt, F K 9 Maupertuis, F. .. Fll Maurmunster, G.012 Maussey, G. . . Max«nchamp, F. .N15 Maxeville, F. ..M12 May-eii-Multien, F ElO Mazee, B J 6 Mazerulles, F. . .Mil Mazerullcs, F...M12 Meaulte, P E 7 Meaux, F Ell Mecrin Pont, F. .Lll M«deah, F J 9 Meetkerke, B. . .r 2 Mehancourt, F..M12 Meienheim, G...015 Meirelbeke, B. . .G 3 Meligny, F K12 Melissey, F N15 Melle, B G 2 Melles, B G 4 Mellier, B L 7 Melreux, B K S Menevillers, F. ..E 8 Menil, F N13 Menil, F 013 Menil la Horgne, F. L12 Menil la Tour, F LU Menil Lepinos, F H 9 Menin, B F 3 Mennessis, F. . .F 8 Merbes, B H 5 Mercatel, F. . . . E 5 Mercatel. F E 6 Merckem, B. . . .E 3 Mercy-le-bas, F. .L 9 Mercy-le^Hau, F..I. ") Mericourt, F. . . . E 5 Mericourt, F. . . . E 7 Merle, F K 9 Merlemont, B. . .J 6 Merlimont, F C 5 Merris, F E 4 Mersch, L M 7 Merval, F G 9 Merville, F E 4 Merviller, F N13 Mery, F E 8 Merzalben, G. . .PIO M«rzig, G N 9 Merzweiler G. . . . PI 1 Mesnil, F D 8 Mesnil, F E 6 Messancy, B. ...L 8 Messincourt, F. . . K 8 Messines, B E 3 Metrich, G M 9 Mettet, B J S Mettlach, G N 9 Mettnich, G O 8 Metz, G MIO Metzeral, G. ...014 Metzerwiese, G..M 9 Meulebeke, B. , .F 3 Meurchin, F. . . .E 5 Meurcourt, F. ..M15 Mezerelles, F. . . D 6 .Vlezieres, F E 7 Mezieres, F. . . . F 7 Mezieres, F } 7 Mezieres. G. ...MIO Mezy, F FID Middelkerke, B..E 2 Mielino, F N15 Milly, F K 9 Mimbach, G. ...OlO Minfield, G. . ..RIO MinorviUe, F. . ..LU Miraumont, F. ..E 6 Mirecourt, F. ...Ml 3 Mirwart, B K 6 Misery, F E 7 Missy, F P 9 Missy, F G 8 Mitry, F Ell .Modelin, F 11 9 Moerbeke, B. . ..G 2 Moerbeke, B. . .G 4 Moere, B E 2 .\ioerkerke, B. ..F 2 Moeuvres, F. . . F 6 Mogneville, F .... J 1 1 Aioiuville, B. . . .K 5 Mohon, F ) ' Mohringan, G...N10 Moircy, B K 6 Moislains, F ^ 7 Molhain, F. ■■■■} 6 .Molsheim, G. ...012 MoUkirch, G. ,. ..012 Mombronn, G...C)11 Moinignies, B. ..H 6 Mommenheim, G.Pll Monceau, B K 7 Monceau Farm, F G 8 Moncel, F Mil Monchecourt, F. .F 5 Monchiet, F E 5 Monchiet, F. . . . E 6 Monchy, F E 6 Monchy, F F 7 Mondelange, G..M 9 Mondement, F. ..Gil Mondorf, L. ...M 8 Mondorl, V. M 9 Monneren, G....N 9 Mons, B. .. . G 5 Mons-en-Pevele, F F 5 Mont, B L 6 Mont, P M12 Montaigu F G 8 Montataire, F. .D 9 Montbliart, li. ..H 6 Montbre, F HlO Mo'ntceoux. F. ..F12 Montcetz, F. . . .1111 Montcornet, F. . . G 8 Montdidier, F...E8 Montdore, F. ...M15 Montenils, F. . . .Fll Montenoy, F. ...Mil .Montescourl, F. . F 8 Montfaucon, F...K 9 Monthairons, F. .KIO Montherme, F. ■ -J 7 Montliois, F. . . . J 9 Monthyon, P.... ElO Montigny, F. . .E 8 Montigny, F F .S Montigny, F. ...G 8 Montigny, P. . ..N12 Montlognon, F. ..ElO Montmedy, F. . .K 8 Montmirail, P. . .Fll Montmort, F. . . .Gil Montoise, G. . . .MIO Montplonne, F..'.K12 Montrecourt, F. .G 6 Montreuil, F. ...C 5 Mont-.St.-Eloy. F.E 5 Mont-St.-Martin, F J 9 Montsec, F I.ll Moorslede, B. ...F 3 Morains, F Gil Moranville, F....L10 Morchies, P E 6 Morchingen. G...N11 Morency, F H 7 Moreuil, P D 7 Morey, P Mil Morhet, B. ...:.L 7 Morialme. B. ••J-S Morienval, P. . . . E 9 Moriville, F. ...M13 Morlancourt, F. .E 7 Morsain. F P 9 MorsKach, G. . ..NIO Morsbronn, G. ..PlI Mortagne, P. ...NI3 Mortiers, F G 8 Morval, P E 6 Morvilte, G Mil Morville. G Nil Mouaville, F. . .LIO Mouchin, F P 4 Mouilly, F LID Moulins, F K 8 Moulle, F D 3 Mt. Notre Dame, F G 9 Mt. St. lean, P..H 7 Mt. St. Martin, Mt. St! Re'-ny,' F.H 9 Mouroux, F FU Moururett le Montoy, P. . . . Jl 1 Mouscron, B. ..F 4 Mouveaux, F. . . F 4 Mouy, F D 9 Mouzarve, B. . . . J 7 Mouzay, F K 9 Mouzon, F K 8 Moy, F F 7 Moyen, F N13 Moyenmoutier, P.N13 ivioyenneville, F..E 6 Moyenuic, G Nil Moyeuvre, G....M 9 Muhlbach, G. ..014 Muhlbach, G. ■ .V 9 Muille, F F 8 Mulhausen, G...015 Mullheim, G. ...PIS Muno, B K 7 Munster, G Nil Munster, G 014 MurviUe, F L 9 MuscQurt, P. . ..G 9 Mussey, P KU -Musson, B L 8 Mutterliausen, G.Oll Muttersholz, G...P13 Mutzig, G 012 Muzeray, F L 9 Nadrin, B 1-6 Naives, F KU Nampeel, F F 9 Nampont St. .Mar- tin, F C 5 Nampteuil, F. . . F 9 Nancois, F K12 Nancy, P M12 Nanteuil, F Ell Nanteuil, F H 8 Nanteuil le Haudouin. F. ..ElO Nantillois, F. . ..K 9 Nassogne, B K 6 Nauroy, F H 9 Navarin, F .JIG Nazareth. B. . . .G 3 Nederbrakel, B. .G 3 Neiderbronn, G..P11 Nederzwalm, B..G 3 Nennig, G MS Nesdigneul, P. ..C 4 Nesle, F E 7 Nesles, F C 4 Nettancourt, P...I11 Neubois, G 013 Neu Hreisacli. G.OI4 Neuetrburg, G....P15 Neuf Bertiuin, F.E 4 Neufchateau R...K 7 Neufchatel. P. . . . G 9 Neufchel, G M 9 Neu Freistett, G.R12 Neuhof, (; PI 2 Neuilly, F FIO Neuilly en Thelle. P DIO Neunkirchen, G. . O 9 Neuve Chapelle, F. E 4 Neuve Eglise, B. .E 4 Neuve Maison, P G 7 Neuves Maisons, F. M12 Neuville, P C 5 Neuville, F E 5 Neuville, F F 4 Neuville, F F 7 Neuvillette, F. . .D 6 Neuvilly, F F 6 Neuvilly, F KIO Neuweiler, G. . ..Oil Nevele. B G 2 Nicey, P Kll Nied Altdorf, G..N 9 Niederbruck. G..015 Nieder Lauter- bach, G Rll Nieder-Rodern, G PU Niekirchen, G. . .N 9 Nieppe, p E 4 Niergnies. F. . . .F 6 Nieucappelle, B..E 3 Nieulay, F C 3 Nieuport, B E 2 !Niffen, G 016 Nimy, B G 5 Nives, B E 7 Nizv-Ie-comte. F.H 8 Nobressart, B L 7 Noerdange, L. . . . L 7 Noeux, F D 6 Noeux, P E 5 Nogent, F D 9 Nogent, F Fll Nohen, G O 8 Noirefontaine, B.K 7 Noirval, F J 9 Noisseville, G. .MIO Noisy-IeSec, F..D11 Nomain, P F 5 Nomeny, F. . . .Mil Nomexy, P M13 Nonnweiler, G. ..N 8 Noordpeene, F. ..D 3 Noordschote, B. .E 3 Nopeant, G. ...MIO Nordausques, F. .D 3 Noreuil, F E6 Norevil, F E 6 Normee, F Hll Norrent Pontes, F D 4 Norrois, F J12 Norroy. F L 9 Notre Dame de Lorette, F E 5 Nouart, F K 9 Nouillon, F L 9 Nouveau Brighton, F B 6 Nouvion, P. . . .C 6 Nouvion, F G 9 .N'ouzon, F .J 7 Novclle, F F 5 Noville, B L 6 Novion-Porcien, F H 8 Novy, F H 8 Noyelle, P G 6 Noyelles sur Mer, P. 6 Noyelette, P. .. .E 5 Noyon, F P 8 Nubecourt, F. ..KIO Nuncq, F D 5 Nunkirchen, G..N 9 Nunschweiler, G OlO Nurlu, P E 6 Obenheim, G. ..PI 3 Oberbronn, G....P11 Oberbruch. G. ..015 Ober Ehnheim, G 013 Ob. Harmersbach, G R13 Oberhaslach, G..()12 Odjerhergheim, G.015 Oberkirch, G....R12 Ober Rimsingen, G P 15 Ober Steinbach, G PIO Obervisse, G. ..NIC Occoches, P. ...D 6 Ochamps, B. . . .K 7 Oderen, G 015 Ochtezeele, P D 3 Octringen, L M 8 Odeigne, B L 5 Oedelem, B. ...F 2 Oeuilly, F G 9 Oeuilly, P GIO Oeuvy, F H12 Offagne, B K 7 Offenburg, G PI 3 Offerbach, G....P 8 Offey, P E 7 Ogeviller. F N12 Ognes, F P 8 Ognolies, F E 8 Chain, F H 6 Oignies, B J 6 Oignies, F F 5 Oiry, F HIO Oissery. F ElO Oisy, F F 5 Old Ft., B E 2 Ollieres, P L 9 Ollignies, B G 4 Olizy, F J 9 Olloy, B J 6 Olsene, B F 3 Omicourt, F J 8 Omoiit, P .J 8 Onavonne. P. . .G 9 Onhaye, B ) 5 Onnaing, P. . . .G ."i Onville, F. ......LID Onvillers, F E 8 Oombergen, B...G 3 Oordegem, B. . .G 3 Oos, 5 Rll Oostacker, B. . ..G 2 Oostcamp, B. . .F 2 Oosterzeele, B. ..G 3 Oostkerke, B. ..E 2 Oostnieuwkerke, B F 3 Oostroosebeke, B.P 3 Oostvleteren, B..E 3 Ophasselt, B. ..G 3 Opont, B K 7 Oppenau, G. ...R13 Oppy, F E 5 Orainville, P. ...G 9 Orbais, F Gil Orchies, F P 5 Orchimont, B. . .J 7 Orcq, B P 4 Orfeuil, F J 9 Orgeo, B K 7 Origny, F G 7 Ormeignie, B. ,.G 4 Ormes, F M13 Ormiecourt, P. . . E 7 Or-Tiingen. G. ..Oil Ormoy Villers, F.EIO Ornel, P I. 9 Ornes, F K 9 Oron, G Nil Orrouy, F E 9 Ors. P G 6 Orsinval, F G 6 Ortenburg, G. . .R13 Orval, B K 8 Ostal, F G 9 Ostend, B E 2 Ostheim, G 014 Ottendorf, G MIO Ottenheim, G....P13 Ottenhofen, G...R12 Ottingen, G L 9 Ottmarsheim, G..OI.'; Ottweiler, G. . ..O 9 Otzenhausen, G. . O 8 Ouckene. B P 3 Oudecannelle, B..K 2 Oudenburg, B.. .F 2 Oudezeele, F... .E 3 Ouire, F G 8 Oulchy, F FIO Dutches, F G 9 Outrepont, F. . .JU Overmcre, B. ...G 2 Oye, P D 3 Ozerailles, F. ..LIO Ozoir, P Ell Pagnies, B H 5 Pagny, P LU Pagny, G MU Pafham, F H 8 Paliseul, B K 7 Palluel, F F 5 Pange, G MIO Pannes. F Lll Pareid, F LIO Pargny, F E 7 Pargny, P G 8 Pargny, F JU Paricke, B G 3 Paris, P DU Paris Plage, F...C 4 Paroche, F Kll Parois, F KIO Parroy, F N12 Partondrv, P. ..G 8 Parux, F N12 Pas, F D 6 Passavant, P. . ..KIO Passchendaele, B.F 3 Passel, F E 8 Patignies, B. ... .J 6 Paturages, B. . .G 5 Pauvres, F J 9 Pecquencourt, F.F 5 Peissant, B IH 5 Peltre, G MIO Pelves, F E 5 Penchard, P. ...EU Penin, F D 5 Perenchies, F. . . F 4 Perl, G M 9 Perle, L L 7 Pernant, P P 9 Femes, F D 5 Peronne, P E 7 Peronnes, B P 4 Perthes, P H 9 Perthes, P JIO Peruwelz, B. ...G 5 Peruyse, B E 2 Pesche, B H 6 Petersbach, G...OU Petitmont, P. . .012 Pet. Mourmelon, F HIO Pettingen, L. . . . L 8 PeuvilTers, P. ..K 9 Pevy, P. G 9 Pexonne, P. . . .N13 Pczarches, P. ..P12 Pezonville, G. ..MIO Pfaffenheim, G...015 Pfalzburg, G. ..on Pfarebersweiler, G NIO Phalempin. P. ...P 4 Philippeville, B..J 6 Phlin, F MU Pierrefitte, P.... Kll Pierrefonds, P...F 9 Pierre Levee. P.. Fll Pierrepont, F. . . . E 8 Pierrepont, P. . . G 8 Pierrepont, P. . .L 9 Piesnoist, P. . .H 9 Pignicourt, P. . .H 9 Pilhem, F D 4 Pillon, F L 9 Pimprez, F E 8 Pinon, F F 9 Pintheville, P LIO Pirmasens, G. ..PIO Pisdorf, G Oil Pitthem, B F 3 Plaine, G 013 Plainlaing, P. ..N14 Plancher, P. ...N16 Plasschendaele, B P 2 Plateau de Tallies, B L 6 Platsheim. G. ...PI3 Pleurs, F GI2 Plivot, F HIO Ploegsfeert, B E 4 Plombieres, P...N1S Ployart, F 9 Poelcappelle, B.. .P 3 Poeuilly, F F 7 Pogny, F JU Poilcourt, p. . . . H 9 Poilly, P. GIO Poincy. P Ell Poix, B K 6 Poix, P G 6 Poix. F J 8 Pollinchove. B...E 3 Pomade, F H 9 Pommier, F. . . . E 6 Pompey, P MU Pondrome, B. ..K 6 Pont, P. L 9 Pont-a-Marcq. F..F S Pont a Mousson, P LU Pont-Arcy, P. . .G 9 Pontarme. P. ..ElO Pont-a-Vendin. F.E .S Pont Faverger, F.H 9 Pont Novelles. F.P 7 Pontoy, G MIO Pont Pierre. L.. .M 8 Pont St. Mard, F. F 9 Port Ste. Maxence, F. . ,E 9 Pont sur Sambre, F G 6 Pt. Xivry, P...L 9 Poperinghe, B. . . E 3 Portieux, F MI 3 Possesse, ¥ JU Poucquesi B F 2 Pouilly, F K 8 Pourcy, F GIO Pozieres, F E 6 Prag, G R15 Preseau, F. G 5 Presles, P G 8 Preutin, F L 9 Pringy, F Hll Pronviile, P. ...P 6 Prosnes, P HIO Provais, P G '9 Proven, B E 3 Provencheres, F..013 Prouvy, F F 5 Proville, F F 6 Provin, F E 5 Proyart, P. E 7 Prunay, F HIO Prusle, F E 7 Puisieux, F. . ..E 6 Puisieux, F EIO Pulnoy, F M12 Pulvershei^^, G..015 Punchy, P E 7 Pusseniange, P.. .J 7 Puttelingen, G. . . M 9 Puttlingen, G NIO Puxieux, F LIO Quarouble. F. ..G 5 Quartier, F. . . .G 8 Quatre Champs, F J 9 Queant, F E 6 Quend le Jeune, P C 5 Quenneviere Farm, F F 9 Quers, F M16 Quesnoy, F F 4 Quesny, F F 8 ?uevaucamps, B.G 4 )uiery, F E 5 )uievrain, B. . .G 5 juievy, F F 6 milen, P. ......0 4 iuilly, P .J 9 Suinibach, G. ..0 9 Rablingen, G. . . QU Raches, F P 5 Raddon, P N15 Radinghem. F. ...D 4 Raillencourt, P. . .P 6 Raillicourt, F J 8 Raismes, F. . . .F 5 Rambervillers. " F.N 13 Rambruch, I L 7 Rambucourt, P...LU Ramecourt, F. ...E 7 Ramecourt, P. . .G 8 RamiUes, F F 6 ■Raiioncha'"DS. F.N'I.S Ramscappelle, B..E 2 Ramstein, G P 9 Ramupt, G 013 Ranee, B « 6 Rancourt, F E 6 Rancourt, F JU Rangeval, F Lll Ranguevaux, G. .M 9 Ranaart, F E 6 Ranweiler, G....01I Raon. P 012 Kaon I'Etape, F.NU Rappoltsweiler, G. 014 Raray, F R 9 R'asey, F M14 Rastatt, G RU Raucourt, F J 8 Raucourt, P. ..MU Raulecourt, P. ..LU Ravenel, F. .....E 8 Raves, F 013 Raville, F N12 K*ais, P PI I Rechicourt, G. ..N12 Rechingen, L. ...M 8 Rechtenberg, G. .PIO Recogne, B K 7 Recovirt, F F 5 Recourt, F KIO Redange, L L 7 Redingen, F L 8 Redu, B K 6 Regnauville, P...D .'! Rcgnieville, F...LU Rehainviller, P.. .N12 Rchon, F L 8 Reichlange, L L 7 Reichshafen, G..P1I Keidscheid, G...O 8 Reiselweiler. G...PIO Remagne, B. . . .K 6 Remaucourt, P. ..H 8 Remelfing, G OlO Remich, L M 8 ■Remillv, P J 8 Remilly, G MU Reming, G N12 Rcmirecourt, F..D 9 Remiremont, P. .N14 Remomeix, F. ..013 Remy, F E 5 Remy, F E 9 Renaix, B G 4 Reringhelst, B..E 3 Renland, L M 7 Renlies, B H 6 Renneval, F H 7 Renneville, F. . .H 8 Renwez, F. ....37 Ressons, F..- E 8 K'esteigne, B. ..K 6 Rethel, P H 8 Rethondes, P. ..E 9 Reuves, F GU Kevigny, F JU Revm, F J 7 Kexpoede, F. . . . L) 3 Rheims, F GIO Rheinau, G P13 Rheinweiler, G...P16 Ribecourt, P. ...E 9 Ribecourt, P. . .F 6 Ribemont, F. . .G 7 Richardmenil. F.MI2 Richebourg, P. ..E4 Richect, P Lll K'ieding, G OI2 Riedselz, G PU Riegel, G. ., P14 Riencourt, F E 6 (Rienne, B J 6 Rieulay, P F 5 Rieux, F D 9 Rilly, F HIO Rimbach, G Ol5 Rimognci F. . . . H 7 Rimsourg, G. ..O 8 RinnthaL G. ...PIO Ripont, F JIO Riviere, F £5 Rixheim, G 015 Robechies, B. ...H 6 K'Obecq, p E 4 Robelmont, B. . .L 8 Robert Espgne, P. JU Roche, P .J 9 Rochefort, B. ..K 6 Rochehaut, B. ..K 7 Rochesson, F. ..NI4 Roclincourt, P...E S Rocourt, P FIO Rocroy, F .77 Rodalben, G. ...PIO Rodemachern, G..M 9 Roden, G N 9 Roedersheim, G. OlS Roellecourt, F...D 5 Roeux, F E 5 R'ogecourt, P. ..F 8 Rohrbach, G. ...O 9 Rohrbach, G. ..OlO Roiglise, F. ...E 8 Roisel, F F 7 Roizy, F H 9 RoUeghem- cappelle, B. . . . F 3 Roly. B .J 6 Roniagne, P K 9 Romam, F G 9 Romansweiler, G.OI2 Rombas, G M 9 Rombas, G MIO Romont, P NI3 Ronchamp, F. . .N16 Roncourt, G. ...MIO Roncq, F P 3 Ronvaux, F LIO Rood, L L 7 Roost- Warendin, F F S "Rop'pew iiltn, G. ! P 1 Rorbach. G. ...Nil Rosay, P JU Roschwoog, G...R11 Rosee, B J 5 Rosendael, P. . .D 2 Rosenweiler. G..013 Rosheim, G. ...013 Rosieres, F Kll iRosieres, F MI2 Rosieres-en- Santerre, P. . .E 7 Rosnay, F G 9 ■Rossart, B K 7 Rothau, G OI3 Rothbach, G. ...OH Roubaix, P F 4 Roucourt, B. . . .G 4 Roucourt, P. . . . P 5 Rouffy, F Hll Rougemqnt, P. ..016 Rouges Eaux, F.NI.l Roulers, B F 3 Roupy, P F 7 Rousbrugge, B. ..E 3 Rouvres, P LIO Rouvrois, P JIO Rouvrois,- P. . . . L 9 Rouvrol, F KU Rouvroy, F H 7 Rovanmeix. F....'L11 Roville. P N13 Roy, B K 6 Roye. F E 8 Rozelieures. F...M13 Rozieres, P LU Rozoy-sur-Serre, P H 8 Riibempre, P. . .D 6 Ruddervoorde, B.F 2 Rudlin. F 014 Rue. P C 5 Fuffach. G OlS Ruisseauville, F.D 5 Ruitz. F E 5 .•RMlles, B L 8 RuUy, P ElO Rumaucourt, P. .F 5 Rumaucourt. P. .F 6 Rumbeke, B. . . F 3 Runiegies. F. ..PS Riimersheim, G...015 Rumes. B F 4 Rnmieny, F H 7 Rumillies, B. ... F 4 -" ■ / 'l"^ i"' (•_ r piaai^f^Tyf?yM^ 10 A B E 3 ^^^x ovobrdo ("■'■Riblti/cbnibo-S! l\PTiBreDd\ n , r^ —^IHEuoliotlBhti Ulkalden, '^ Jhiili.. \ mh m. S A- .4 , C.P<,lx.^^^ , Ksvs^SVjfdereilja^Uin (Tiirtf^kn tit. Iivor > (vl^ ,*' ^'-^ BJliijiri -,.I>«yBi>''a^' ' > /I'nrm'aafa Z. PollO) Grulti I. SASCNO, lOtrB a t>ATMA3T«AKI « •/•"^ ° CORFuS ^ BCotrone Rewn K X A C K Abi.>lu S JB 4 6AM0THRAK] .1 PEKINSUUk "iMhos 7.Sl.Otargo "■^Sjuiada ^^Ati.e&k') . _ ' •^ Nulliil PAXO o N G.tJlkli p: ..jilil. , \v. (1 .\L-l,nBU;y'l, ^"'"n.,11 Bold ,»" 1 ORiLEVKADHA / \ "^ ^J Vrakt,„r i A/(.Gw;. ITHACA OR THiAKi^^Aefa I ^GtURA. CEPHALONtA^ MITYLENE i ' ,|CLE8B097 -rC..fAv££'"'lolZ^ WESTERN ^^y^ni.opiili^ ^^ aSmyrna | Aia^iid .w,.)W^I>^ i.t...„d»ti j»(S^- .,, ,^ SCALE OF MILES 20 JO 60 80 100 120 140 Railroads Railroads Proposed.-. Capitals ft Boundaries of Countries^ PRODANO , " >ivarltirf] Hud I Size of type indicates relatire importance of places HEIGHT OF LAND nnnnn Sea level Z'iS to 984 to 1640 to 32B1 to 4921 ft. to 338 ft. 984 ft. 1640 ft. 3281 ft. 4921 ft. and over ]lauia.uDd'i 8 x 11 Map ut Balkan Btalea Oop;rlgbt. lOlC, by C-S.Uaintnoad k Co., N.Y. \M E JD I KARA> ItluncuiTftsia KS.CERIGO ^(CYTHERA) •bELO PAULO KIMOLOjOj CERIGOTTO^ :.7< •'°#<^' bciiia N"' SAMOS^-'-'-v^ ST GArOAHO SOUTHERN ^ SP0RADE8 O c NIO (LOS) ! .^^^^ c>„*\* £ B C.Jiyada C.Busa S\ ^f" Kisam^ \-^ l^ OAUOOPULO. __ ^M-T^^^' '.., ' il/CHRl8TIA ir'/KAXO ^zioi fcjo^caufliA^^ -■ ~& -.^E A 18° B O I J*l»,V;ifftfe:f;.p,»p'g!> &Kr""»Sft; Vi.,la- ..il; Kiltcl 'Cborzele* .w".'*C2£^?a"roJ"»v LonizuVj.^, I .ZimljrovcT , Upy J nov .> ip /OteraY/ ^ \ ' |**JW Lii rod no ^^Oeuino "^ ' ' Iscbitcboloo. SchtEi'utiatala tKsaitnka o f, 8hdVid.ik Kuelinnka Tolkofr^k o ^^^ ojbludov^ Jklorkft PuUuBk^ J BjaKsfiiilenc/., . ■iWryTvyg^i^li^LiwStrtblMV \Klcuikl ^ _^ ' iJEU \goranlist ' \ ft)jti\ ,-, -She - vS ■■^^"•^'r oj4mi.i.w\* ^Irfi'^'^y! /■^-tV/Jlj^.- iV"4L^<^e-^Kr..a (Ai^iij ijeo Gaski ---y^iX™^ \>ft.lok /7v^HRlko(/\ 1 o i^BUn!sI«votl,lp»kKp«..»i;«'i^ k: N, ' ■ \ 1 _i™ jio|»fi^e|Mr^gjsi5%^^<.'^^v^ij;;^i^^ ......jliMto ^Gljf^ Kliujr BUklukl'l -.ndoiu A,Uk^'"dfja' cUakovieti o^vci'" i-k-Lvituto t7i3:7,7stroI)l A; UJsJo, StctAibtTK Frushanl. Sbere«bo»o,\ - . ... Kuhrin Qotodeta I LjBobykl ' -"*■ ' ' '^ - 'i£"j"' ... g*--w Mpol Si- [elrbei c L BnoM«k ^7 19' H) aO'"' longitude I*j *^a" _„ , __- Dniabknpul [^kw 'Victkl* Qc»T T. T JitTiSsL *"•*' 8Ur»»ek» 20' longitude I*j *^a" 21 ' fr'"" 1<^ Grten-lch 22^ G II 14 THE PRONUNCIATION OF WAR NAMES By C. O. Sylvester Mawson, Litt.D., Ph.D. KEY TO PRONUNCIATION Vowel sounds: ale. bSre. arm. fisk. senSte. 5m, orgfln, sofd ; eve. Svent. 2nd. nov^l. bak?r ; Ice. til ; Old, 6rb. 6bey. 5dd. c5mbine; use, Qrn, Onite, flp. locfist; fdad, fd&t; out. oil; meaO. Note. — «, as in French menu or German MUller, has no equivalent in English. To produce it hold the lips rigidly in position to say 6b and attempt to say 5 9 or M in German resembles the English u in urn ; e. g. . Odlhe or Goethe is pronounced gQ't5. Consonants: As in English, ch as in chair ; u as in (70 ," kw for gu as in gveen : sasinso; sh as in she ; z an in zone ; zh as z in azure. Special symbols: k (small capitnl) for ch as in German ich or Scotch loch ; N (small capital) indicates nasal tone of preceding vowel, aa in French bon (b6N) ; i) ( - ng) for n before the •ound of k or hard {? as in bank (b.'ink), finger {fln'g^r) ; ' indicates the elision of a vowel, or a mere suggestion of a vowel sound, as in Ypres (e'pr"). Accents: The principal or primary accent is indicated by a hepvy mark ('), and the secondary accent by a lighter mark (0 ; thus Bouvines (boo'ven'), Massachusetts (mas'd-cho&'sSts). Note. — French names have the primary accent on the final full syllable, but this accent should generally be very slight. The other syllables are marked with equal stress In German names the principal accent is placed earlier in the word, as in English. In Hungarian and Bohemian names the accent is on the first syllable. In Polish, aa in Italian the accent is on the penult. In Russian the accent is capricious but very marked. * Names from thk Western War Area Aachen (or Aix-la-Chapelle). fi'K^n Aalst (or Alost), alst Agincourt. A'zhSN'koor'; Eng. ijIn-kOrt Aisne (river), Sn Aix-la-Chapellc (or Aachen). aks^U'sbA'pei' Albert. ai'bSr' Alost {or Aalst), a'tCst Altkirch. alt'kirK' Amiens, a'mySN' Ancre (river). aN'kr' Argonne, Ar'gSn' Arlon. ar'ION' Armentieres. ar'maN'tyaj* Arras. i'rSs' Artois. ar'twS' Attigny. A'te'nyS' Aube (river). 5b Aubenton, O'baN'tON' Aubigny. Q'be'nye' Audenarde {or Oudenarde). ou'dS-nSr'd? Avesnes, a'van' Avricourt, a'vrS'kdor' BSle (or Basel), bal Bapaume, bi'pOm' Bar-le-Duc, bar'-l?-dak' Basel {or Bale) . ba'ziSl Bassfe. La. \tk' bi'aa' Bastogne. bas'tfiN'y* Bavay. b^^vS' Beaumont. bo'mON' Beauvais, bo^vS' Belfort. b51'f6r' Berlaimont. b?r'18'm8N' Bertincourt. b?r'taN'k65r' Bcsan^on. be'zaN's6N' B^thune, ba'tiin' Blamont, blS^niON' Bohain, bO'SN' Bo u chain, bcio'ahSN' Bouillon. boo'yON' Boulogne, b(Jo'16n'y'; Eng. bdb-lon' Bouvines. boo'ven' Boves. b5v Brabant-le-roi, brA'baN'-l?-rwa' Braine-le-Comte, brSn'-!e-k9Nt' Bray-sur-St'ine, brS'-siir'-sfin' Briey. br^'?' Bruges, briizh Calais. kAMS'; Eng. kSl'a Cambrai (orCambray), kSN'br?' Carignan, ka'ren'yaN' Cateau. Lc. I? kS'to' ChSlons-sur-Marne. sha'lflN'-sur'-mAm' Chalon-Bur-Sa6ne, shi'lfiN'-siir'-son' Champigny. shaN'pe'nye' Cbarleroi {or Charleroy), shdr'lS-rwa.' Charleville, ahSrl'vel' ChSteaurou.K. sha'to'r6&' Chateau-Thierry. sha'tS'-tyg're' ChStel. shS'tei' Chatillon-sur-Marne, sha'te/yON'-fliir'- mArn' Chaudefontaine, shod'ffiN'tSn' Chaulnes. sho'n' Chaumont, 8ho'ra6N' Chauny. sh6'n5' Chimay, shc'mS' Chiny, shS'ne' Ciney. se'n?' Clary, klS're' Combles. kflN'br Comines. kO'mSn' Commercy, kfl'mSr'sC Compi^gne. kbN'pyPn'y' CondE,' kQN'da' Contlans. kSN'flSN' Coucy le-ChSteau. koo'se'-Hf-ehft'tO' Couloinmiers, koo'16'mya' Courtrai, koor'trC Crauniif. Ur.'i'fin' Cr6cy {or Creasy). krS'se'; Eng. kx^ttTi Cr^cy-sur-Sorre, kra-ae'-s(lr'-63r' Croisilles, krwii'scl' Damiiiarlin, daN'njAr'tiN' Damvillers, daN've'ya' Denain, de-n5N' Dendermonde (or Ti^rmunde) , d2nM?r- mCn'dS Diedcnhofen (or Thionviiie), de'd^n- hO'fen Dijon. de'zhSN' Oinant. de'naN' Dixmude, dSks'miid'i dc'miid' Dompaire. dON'par' Dormans. d6r/maN' Douai {or Douay), dC^/a' Doullens, doo'l5N' £pernay, a'pSr'nS' Spinal, a'pe'nai' fetain. a'tSN' Fere. La, Xk' far' Fdre-Champenoise, fSr'-shaN'p^-nwAz' F6re-en-Tardenois. far'-aN'-tArd'nwa' Fert^-Gaucher. La. 16' fgr'ta'-gS/sha' Fert6-8ous-Jouarre. La, U' f5r'ta'-B65'- zhoo'ar' Fourmies. foor'mC Fresnea-en-Woevre, frSn'-aN'-vO'Cv'r" Genappe, zh?-nap' Gironville, zhe'rfiN'vSl' Givenchy, zh?'vaN'Bb6' Givet, zhg'v?' Gorizia (or Gorz), g8-rId'z5-S Gdrz (or Gorizia), gQrts Gravelotte, griv'lSt' Guiscard. gez'kar' Guise, giiez' Hal, hal Hautmont, o'mON' Helgoland {or Heligoland), hgl'gd-lSnt Hirson, Sr'sfiN' Huy. hoi Juniville, zhu'ne'vSl' La Bass^e, W bA'sS' La Fere. W far' La F^re-ChampenoiBc. 16' far'-shaN'p?- nwaz' La Fert^-Gaucher. 16' fgr'ta'-go'sha' LaFert€-80U8 Jouarre. 16' fer'ta'-8oo'zho&'- ar' Lagny, 16n'ye' Landrecies, laN/dra'se* Langrcs, 15N'gr' Languion, laN'ge'SN' Laon. laN Le Cateau. 1?' ka'to/ Lens, laNs Le Quesnoy. 1? ka'uwft' Liancourt. IS'aN'ko&r' Li^ge. le'Szh' Lierre. IS'Sr' Ligny. len'ye' Ligny-en- Barroia. len'yg'-aN'-ba'rwa' Lille (or Lisle), lei Longwy, IOn'vc' Loos. I5-8s' Lorraine {or Lothringen), 10-ran' Lothringen (or Lorraine). 16t'rln.K-?n Louvain, Idb'vaN' Lun^ville, Ifi'na'vSl' Lys (river), les Mainz {or Mayence). mints Maisons-Alfort, m5'z6N'-z61'f8r' Marcoing. in6r'kwSN' Maubeuge, mo'bQzh' Mayence {or Mainz). ma'ySNs' Meaux. mo Melun. m?-lQN' Messancy. mff-saN'sS' Meuse (river). mOz; Eng. mGz M^zidres, ma'zySr' Mons, m6N9 Montdidier, mSN'dS'dya' Monthureux. m5N'tti'rQ' Montmedy. mSN'ma'de' Montmirail. m6N'm6'r6'y' Moreuil, mfl'rQ'y' Mouvaux. mdo'vO' Moyenmoutier. mw6'yaN'm56'tya' Mulhaus^n miil'hou'zSn Namur. n6'mur' Nancy, naN'se'; Eng. nSn'sI Neale. nal Ncufchateau. nO'aha'to' Neuilly-sur-Marne, nll'y5'-Btir'-m4m' Neuve Chapelle, nQv'sha'p5i' Nieuport, ne'oo-pOrt Ntmes (or Niames). nSm Oise, w6z Orchiea, Sr'shS' Oudenarde {or Audenarde), ou'dS-nar'dS Ourcq (river), oork Ourthe (river), obrt Pfironne, pa'rfln' Philippeville, fc'iep'vSl' Pierrefitte. pyar'fet' Pierrefonds. pyar'fflN' Poit.'ers, pwa'tya' Poix. pwa Pont-i-Mousson, poN'-ta'-mcjo'zON' Pont Ste. Maxence, p3n' sSNt'-ma'zaNs' Quatre-Bras. k6'tr'-bra' (iuesnoy, Le, 15 ka'nw6' Ramillies. r6'me'y§' Raon-rEtape. raN'-ia't6p' Raucourt, ro'koftr' Rethel. r5-t?l' Rheims {or Reims), rgmz; Fr. r^Ns Ribecourt. reb'koor' Ribemont. reb'mfiN' Rochefort. rflsh'fSr' Rocrol, rfl'knva' Roisel, rw6'zCl' Roubaix. roo'ba' Roulers, roo'la' Roye, rwS Rozoy-sur-Serre. rft'zwa'-sUr'-slr' Saar (river), sftr Saarbrackea. S&r'hrUk'JNi Saint-Amand, saN't6'maN' Saint-Denis. sSN'-dg-nC Saint-Di6. saN'-dyS' Saint Hubert. sSN'tu'bar' Saint-Mihiel, sSN'-mS'ygl' Saint-Omer, sSN'tfl'mar' Saint-Quentin, saN'-kaN'tiN' Saint-Trond, s3N'-trON' Sambre (river). saN'br' Sedan. s?-daN' Scntis. aaN'ies' Suzanne. 8a'z6n' Signy I'Abbaye, sen'ye' la'ba' Sissonnc, s5's5n' Soissons. sw6'b6n' Solcsmes, sS'lam' Soramc (river, department). sCm Suippes. swep Termonde {or Dendermonde). t2r'ra6Nd' Thiaucourt, tyfi'koor' Thielt, teit Thionviiie {or Diedenhof en) . tyON'vSl' Thuin, tU'SN' Tirlemont. t^rTmON' Tongres, tfiN'gr' Toul. t6bl Tourcoing. tobr'kwSN' Tournay (or Tournai). tdor'na' TrClon. tra'IflN' Trieste (orTriest). tr?-Sst' Valenciennes. v6'laN'8ySn' Varennes-en-Argonne. vi'rSn'-zaN'-ar'gSn' Verdun. vSr'dllN' Versailles, vgr'sii'y"; Eng. v?r-salz' Vcrvins, vSr'vSN' Villers-Bretonneux, ve'lSr'-br^-tfl'nQ' Villers-Cotterets, v?'13r'-k8'te-rg' Villers-la-Ville, ve'iar'-16'-vel' Via^, vf'za' Vitry-en-Artois, ve'tr5'-aN'-6r'twa' Vi t ry- le-FrauQois , ve'tre'-15-f raN'swft' Vosges. v5zh Vouzicrs. vdo'zya' Wassigny, v6'ae'nye' Wavre. v6v'r' Wofivre, vft'Sv'r' Vpres. 5'pr* Yaer (river) , g'sS' V voire, e'vw6r' Zabern, tsa'bSrn Zeebrugge, taa-brdbg'? Names from the Eastern War Area Aidin. T-den' Allenstein. al'2n-8htTn' Ardahan, ar'd6-han' Augustowo, ou'g(ibB-t5'v6 Baku, b6-k6o' Batum. b6-to5m' Belgrade. b?l'grad' Beuthen. boi'tSn Bialystok, bya'lI-stOk Bosphorus {or Bosporus), bQB'p&-rfi8' Botoshani. bO-tS-shan'y* BrSila, bra-c'la Braunsberg. brounz'b2rK Brest-LitovBk, brfst'-lye-tfifak' Brusa {or Brussa), broo'sa Buczacz, b6o'ch6ch Bug (river), bd6g Bukharest (or Bucharest), boc/kd-r^st' Bukowina (Bukovina), bdo'kS-ve'na Cernavoda {OT Tchernavoda) , chSr'n6- vS'da Cetinje (or Cettinje), ta?t'?n-ya Constan(a {or Kustendje). kAn-stan'tsa Cracow {or Krakow). kra'kS Crajova {or Craiova). kra-y0'v6 Crimea, krl-me'd," krT-me'd Czenstochowa. chCN'st8-k5'v6 Czernowitz, ch?r'nfl-vlt8 Danzig (or Dantzic), dan'tslk Dardanelles. dar'dd-nSlz' Delatyn (pass). d2-la'tln Diarbekr {or Diarbekir), de-ar'Mk''r Dnieper (river), ne'i>?r Dniester (river). nes'tSr ■ Drohobycz. dr0-h6'blch Dubno, d<56b'n8 Dukla. ddbk'la Durazzo, ddb-rat'sQ EpiruB. S-pT'rfls Eregli. Sr'?-gle' Erivan, i*r'?-van' Erzerum. frz-room' Erxingan, ?r'zln-gan' Euphrates (river), O-frS'tS* Eydtkuhnen. It-koo'nin Fiume. fyoo'ma Galatz, ga'lats Galicia. gd^lIsh'T-d GaUipo1i,gal-le'p5-ie Gleiwitz, glT'vIts Gnesen, g'na'z^n Gumbinnen. gdbm-bTn'Sn Herzegovina, hPr'tsJ-gS-v^'u-* Horodenka, h5'rS-d5n'ka Ivangorod, ?-van'g8-r6t Jamboli {or Yamboli), yam'bO-lS Jaroalaw (or Jaroslau), y6-r6B'lif Jaasy {or Yassy), yiis'S Kaisarieh {or Kaisariyeh). kl's6-re'ye Kalisz. ka'Iy5sh Keltsy {or Kiclce). ky51'Ul Kholm. KClm Khotin. Kfi'tySn Kief {or Kiev). kS'yCf Kielce {or Keltsy). kySl'ta? Kishinef (or Kishinev), kS-sbC-nySf Kolomea. ko'13-ma'a Konigsberg, kQ'nlKs-b^rK Kovel, k6'v?l-y' Kragojevatz {or Kraguyevatz). kr6-go?>'- yC-vits Krakow {or Cracow), kra'ko Kremenchug (or Krementchug). krfm'Sn- ch« luirfna fureiifti possessions are colored ,> cdor scheme is extended to hiclude 1 rWrtt. Asiii, ««'' Oceania. .-.-'•/' s 19 A- ./ ; > ^ ^d^;;^ ^ i; I , , , 5 Lonelttide Wost , 1 5' . 90 01 23 © © * UJ c: = y. _ UJ »! "US 6£ O cc — < ^ ' 27 i •20 15 10' ■"'lO 4 > ^ ^ 'Off. B cva l^l^^-^ flrt* ««« « 'en. s ^ isoL ■•let -Bwdi, L '^^V G -J>! ^ l**"^ -C'?'»,...''»^ ^"e'a I // " ~~- ~-_____^| s L A N D S / p 20^ JUioIm Ft>ll9 " II.... •iJ«??'>-...-vJ,»v^L f'"«w„, ttti-^* . r.-i3^ ffang9 iiiaJ ^"^ port B ati^iW'* \ -^-""\ ^•' »S HgJiJJ wo«/ v"*^?;-.' ,D- ^6»g»i cslau\ rctr- ^OS'"' H"'" \ \t^/ "iemii; ^Sci'* sJ* s> o* of At .f£/. 45 VIENNA/'^ AiSoKn r»T4«>0 B"vrt* /M«o* ^iBtlKinbuiS 1 6 V/po\g' ,»-V /t:>-* ,<«"^GW^» »• B.-**' ..>;■ &>.)•"' \»w''*Jc.K«'*'** ?^ &f4 .^.-^ ^lUTIBLrO / / Sj ^ "C^fANOLl 1/ KMlOi-J 15: ■from Central and Western Europe 50 100 150 :00 250 300 Railroads. Canals — Capitals ® Size of type indicate sVlative importance of placed. Hainmotur!! Moii <.f Europe Copyrighted 1iy C.S.HaiiimoDd k Ca.ir.T. 35. Greenwich 20° V?©" s 25° 30° .^1 BRITISH ISLES scale: of miles " h> Through Raitfoati* — Othtr JtaitrtMidl Submarine Cablet — Sttu«,€r HouttM *i»L^^ / £an.i, aw 0/ fj/pe anc/ ttmn marku xn.lieate relatwa ''^^'~roi,7:i.-^^~33'o ' «-.. , v .« .^ »;« " l.OOO.UtiO and otm ® LON DON ' ^ -^m'^-'^'^J^^ ^*" ' 10O.O0O 1. 1,000,000 ©LIVEKPOOL*'''"!^"^*.'^'^'^''"'/ 20,000 10 100.UU0 ® Greeuoclt ^**'^ / 10,000 to 20.000 • Qupenstown / Und«r 10,000 o Rutbln ' 6 Lonpitude D West * from E Greenwich 2 '"^ A! UtBuoiuTiB s tl Map orBdUtli UlM C opyrfeht bj C.8.nainiiMmd t CB..y.T. }\ East Gr 33 -ilifl u Fiottfian If. \* JV Islands I \ r£2,' r/sb«r ^:^^. naromonJ"* 8 i U Mni^ of Irelnnd Copyrlcht bj C.S.Iiiu»mood & Co.,y.T. Longitude O West D Greeowich 7 K F 36 j^o Ti 2 C 4 Dr. K 8 F JO G 12 XI U.J is H- in 1^ ^ Mi ^ 'N u Om r»28 QmI?^ v-^,- ,F-^^=rz: rr I HammoM'f ^ z 11 Mfto of Norwkj, Swoden uid Denmark. ' OMijrIght ti7 C&liAiniaoDa ftUi^,N.Y. itude Xi Eaat^from JVt Gro^wich J^ 37 soli Jhiivs ^^C|~^\A« II i ji t'Tm n (i I rvQ72 '■ ^ Oleihlin ,V Bethunr ^^ '^OIlWIu; Leute ■*''i^°'"°^ H i^ i N- 2^yf^ s \p^ ifeviX Z/n^ I, B 3°S0' CLongitude4' Bast ID from 4°30' KQrcciiwfoh 5° IP 5 30' G- ^^^g gfca tri,^Ii:) ^= ^ 6''30' J 7 KIO 38 39 40 41 43 44 18 Gio 45 ..,^.yt^%.. >'**We''S5'.-i4J 47 48 i 1 § s § 6 1 n n pa ^ a ^ t/3 a 0. 05 -^ I - ^ fi~ H I W £ S 0. ►. I a a, = .•" t- s= 1 ? o '^'^ I - 8 M c ^ a 1^ 49 \ 50 10- 10 20 Monrovia^ oASCENSlOf* I (...) »T r ^ « FERNANDO PO I}'? yt~-' CJifAf 0/ Dinfra / UlNEA „„p, ,„ BaJ .ST.MELEN* 1. — f"^ r>. EOUATCtRIAL g IFRlfcA kabindaV Loand3d_^„ ^ EtOOMIC MAP OP AFRICA SCALE OF MILES 100 200 400 r,00 SOO REFERENCE Industrial Districts Agricultural Regions Non-Productive u , Principal Workings /-^ Coal ■ Iron ©Tin ^Copper + Gold o A Diamonds . SO Agricultural products are indicated hy initial letters in districts wbere the products are laigely obtained. g Barley q| Olives Q, Cacao p Oil Palms Cf Coffee Ru Rubbei- Ct Cotton Su Sugai Dates J Tea G Ground NuIsJq Tobacco Iv Ivory y Vineyards M Maize ^ Wheat Navigable Rivers 10 >^ ^R N\q (o Lobito B. Lake \ ^^Momb 4^-1^ 11 ^^ GERMAN V/(?!'£""« ' EAST APRIOA^lWVfSam .]^_^y.Ry^ \^j.,..,. OCEAN \ S T H W-B E ALFUCIlOAvTr— ;^y RI(J A vgS — 1 ■»^■■■ , .'v.21 - -AS- 10 -20 BEOHCTANALAND /ffetoVr l^afekln^o ( -jV .-^^ Johannesburg /ffetol bur& J'St^VT^^''®"'^'^ Marques '^ fvi /f/.\.; /^Deiatjua Bay / < CT^K ■^ -O N Cape 'Town C afGood Hope J^il!!j BICV E -so .luuiuiiju l'9U''coiiotnIi; Hap of Africa, Copyright V.'lT.l,!? CS nftmmood it Co .N y. 20" Longitude West 10" from Giecnwicli 0° 10" Lonu'ituJe 28 30' Greenwich 60^ 53 100 200 400 600 800 REFERENCE Density of Population to the square mile. Uiiderlinlmbitant 1-8 inliabitants 8-16 " , lG-32 32-Gl 64-128 ' 128-256 " Towns with over 50,000 inhabitants. RstntDoiii] 's PopoIatloD Hap 4[ Atrlo Copjrlghl 1017. t»T C.S.HtTnmoB'l t Co..N.T, 20" Longitude West 10° from Gieenwioh 0" 10" Longitude 20" East 54 0- Z3ns jo,snnHisi ^ ^1 J ':iii.\ — ■sii'iv sal . (fr» Ti ■Li ( Li i^J X .^^ / fs.5 ° -fw \ -I-V* Ve^T-i-T^^^' •i * J 'DDQll *j- a..? j3 5 \ '» /> - r ^ hi — fr \SiA ^i i*>i»-| ' ■ :10-%1l^.«f-'^.H a5 r^J? E-i •« a] ^ a- o s. cb O /i^ il^S m^^ ■cP- 'i -l=« sk:^ 2 o. DO 56 ^f 57 58 59 60 6^ &^ 63 64 S 'tf 65 66 A. n" n 100° E MASCAI Bleph ,lr„p y'M 1% B V''l= CNegra ls NORTH Preparit yorth Channai '^ ^''awt.ai . PREPARO I. Prtparia 8uuth Chantxl LITTLE COCO I. •qBCAT COCO I. Coeo Channtl . . _ -LANDFALL I. ^^ KALEQOUK l.t'V NARCONOAX )• ANDAMAN? ^j-Arf Commallit IKTe|lVltW \.fu»»OUH0 I. MIDDLE ;^Uaman) ) , ANDAMAN , BARREN lAl'oleanoj >HENRY LAWRENCE t 'Ji SOUTH ANDAMAlP^ J ^AVElOCK I. * RUTLAND (. ! ItuncuH Pawauge S.SENTfNpL • *^- ^ Sandy ^ :o.. TTLE ANDAMAN Ten Dtjree Channel ICOBAR 9 \^ TAVOt l,B ^ tP CAB008AJ. ' ^ TCNA3SEfll ELPHI'tBTGNE MERGUl J _ J^ Clara i.^ 5ullivani K \%: 11 VCh»iapUb-' r,' iJ^ W V /(M.Tlamat \ >M.Path«I»ungi KOH CM A NO ^ ) KOH KUlti Y Theppog_ BALLY MALVEt CORAL BANKJI »TtLLANCHONO I TEReaSAQjpO*^^?^*^.^ I . AM^-r*>\3»J'"""^*^NIC0BAR P KATC M A LL*^ N A n'cOWRT ~' CORAL BANK*- Svinintra Channtl LITTLE N'COBARf^, ISLANDS GREAT NICOBArJ^ ^*"'' P PULO RONDO a PULO aRA8SE^*^''"'-° "^^ IXBIAF OCEAN <^ \ BURMA, SIAMx^ «f^ AND \ FRENCH INDO-CIIINA^ ^ SCALE OF MILES 50 IW 150 200 250 ^UO Railroads - Capitals -;0 Size of type indicates relatiye importance of places Uammoiid'a fi X 11 H&p i>f Butuia. Bbm t ( OcwrifM ^ C.P-Hiimnond A 92' T? ind Preach Indu-ChttiA K>iON ne I. - Vi fr '^^'^f^^^~\ (i^sVenohow ^*^* VJ^'1^,.H0N MAT I. \C.Vung Chua \ ^-^Cbodon « Bngblnti ^y«K»»nj«l: C.Laii ThuaAtn /^"^^f Tim rape hhvmay Bay C.Totirane -nti.nglai iJW.\>liv^ V„ olovknL sjk \^ f L«ntigiiBlil ll.diing C.fiantam Moduli Siung Trei (Bieu nirjir (Great/Late) SuinlJo'r' "^v \ aULF OF SI AM, 'ANB I-U 3v , - - LOUQMBOROUCM l.tf '.. yc™- 4."">^" I .,.„, if Mmi>4' '■""'^ - 9T.M*TTMEW 1,*^ •'^ JUnRauan r- CH««cE i.o .(lji.cb.ljAii.-{;- t "lOOLE I,. S(,K0P«I1 3?*^^^; BAYER IS. * Y ■. -flao ff/-onff ;5 I C.Dohhlni .(oP"kl^ ^ ^ M.Taki.atibigjCi. /Tao Luong , ,. r.e/„ ^ *°'^ " T )Brei{mbeI C.Samit* KOH RONO^ ^ "♦*-'--"-^ ■(NJLJ'T.h'^h *''*'*' ' P. RAJAH I ft.i\Tjrfang P.TERUTO^ P.LANGKAWI*^ P. LAD A "it ?v-;ko,..,;..8 Thorn =i'7»--j, vv, V Phuyoaayftian DaiB. " '""-"< c. " to* r -ypVareli Sbalrane^Sij , , , n C.CimbodIa (Uamao) C.Biike _ St.Jncql Oanhrai Dap 'Kua Uanilmtg 'Kua Kvki«n R. U'' 'Kua BoMtao R. ^r •^PUtO CONOOHE jinh-thuan j^ Padaran Uarhor Hlnb'thuaD^^ q {Jo Stn,il.UL%'-i.l Diamond Ft. GcrKeljo. PULO PENANG tmmci Of wtitiU 'i liemam PERH(NTA,'» IS OHEAT REDANG I. -^ lEAL BLUFF TrUiKanu SOUTH CHINA -S Cape (flam E A SEVAIfO K«alaBelan|u>i " ' ■^KltAniP 'P«kkti ^.VARfelLA P..,kiJ»» *■;;-( ''-S.I ^ . £)PULO THJMAN ■ ~ , . ■ VP.PEMANGIL . "babi rs. I ^TINGGll. 1^*81 BUI. Tengar Pt, .Cffomanla IP ore tS(„ .■„,„,.) yBINTANO ANAMBA ISLANDS HIJmata I TH NAfUNA 18. ,or£at natuna> nXtjuna islands Longliude C OrMDwich 104 67 or""" o ^ -= 6,20 (-3 longitude 1:2 Ea^t from U Qntuvrleh IM mnmoad-B 8 i 11 Map of PhUippbM IilMdi "rlrrts: strait /_ I6«° REFERENCE HEIGHT OP LAND Over 6000 feet DEPTH OF SEA O-lOO fathoms 100-1000 10OO-20OO 2000-3000 Below 3000 " Navi£able Rivers I'HYSICVL MAP OF AUSTRALASIA SCALE CF MILES 1 00 200 300 4tX! JOO 600 BBinmoiid'E Pbjtlctl Krip of Auitralfteia Cop^rlgtit 1017 "bj C.S. Hammontl i Co.. N. T. ISOTHERMAL LINKS (In Degrees Fahrenheit I ii^for JauuarytSummer . ■ —for July (Winter) Longitude ISO' im Greoiiwich I )'^ 180'^ Lbn^ituOc W«st 73 c ai u H H h •- ■< ?5 H U r/! 74 75 I c , .C.TI^m^i^ 7"'°' GO Dolon-'o»» '""'■■■ &*>A RO L I N E *■■ is-:.-^^ \ ,.• . in'.. ■ >- — .X** / ['illibsk ^Karnjinaiy I. 2* S tclicodt ElchlKhlnftk <^- W(u(or«ii j6»hae Kainlchftlki • JfarruA /. (Wctino WoAe /. ■ (Ki-.) oXtJ " «-''>*»'" '• ■ ' " :'h*t,„n I,. ] ' MARSHALL ISl ANDS H 1T0° )lr.iM!;i:» /. Q \Q rriJlyS Pt, \ "C.Uamaii HtratU Slwat ,• .^'' J 1G0° E A N P*^""". 150° y.Ainga / . /-St' M«. /. _,, / « C T 1 •■ ■ *<" *»',! W SPftiar&Si . I \[ N G PriMtof It. St.a,m SEA .9 Bristol Ba f \ I S I, X W D S I Arnifa •%, ■«'"■»" Eurujiia .yr£n trciittfea HCh'. L Arch, f 130° C Long. 140^ X) Ea8t 150^ Atlantic I. 4- Simpaofi I. SOLC^MON ISLAXDS '{^_ (arid.*) -Vo.-.-, thUtyUxt. fit. Mi" SAX! I ■••■■J/, \ UlIflolDt -t*. S^i^' LOavs TO 8AN FRANCISCO .W / K from 160° FOreenw.lTO" Gr ^'^iSO TX 170° Long. J 76 r JM 130° ?^ 120' O 110° 100° li 80° 70° i^'^lX *'"" "-•'^o.^t."?^' ^'" ^■ iVince -*/6erf «a. r. VICTOBIA jj;^ -1 60I1 -^ -^ or^-^" ^EmerprUj^ ^^,^^ ^^ lmB A F F 1 ChrUHon '-«'.,^T^2;v' 'c«^'- ^"^^ i-l Ir rideoce. ll'toWml. tV^ ^},,Uilm eV .#■''"■'-" •^•■'te^'ii^.i-!: so^iiS ■oetlap J , 1* ^ ,--^r-.* Bow ■A I .... -^.^ ;.i!!^^&'4 iLSa^"!!f^ ^?x^ H U North SItepcrt . , .. „ , Bomtk Sltepem... iil'i)'m Disco Bay f§ Egedesnittidi KugatBiak J;'«,Vw ^ VoMhington fe-v" " Z uk ken* ppen'-^ NapuBok Cj' , )-J Godihaab^-^ and New Berrcliut 53 .... .V cc GREEN LAND »^ and FUkerowW c ^^ ■^ Frwl«Ik>hMb^ O £ "^ 3 ^ Ari|uk\v>lvlstut K ^ JuUaDihaab -^•^"^■^C!^ ^;>:j;^^ IDAHO "Smi Ffiu Pnrt^ ^"^^-"^^^ -?^' ^^i^^O^^^LX j^ Sa&Blu ReviUagfyedo Ia.\ -^la-, " ~- ~-1S^3 «fw rlanl.-^ . OF \v\l= X^S'%«W^m^'' "iU.v., sga^,vi^^^^^gssf LAN O ^%t^ \o*>>i .^^Lz::^->tw.ir£.flJL JO, liUc/w \ GALATAiiOS IS. iV'ORTH PACIFIC OCEAN \ THE UNITED STATES AND INSULAR TERRITORIES:^^ r.ia iiiw. United States and Insular Territories \\ i Japan and Its Possessions || '.V*"™*' *■ British Possessions || | | Steumship Routes with Distances— '-^^- Raitroads-'^—'- — - — Submarine Cables -^ — iimvM o 130° isr Mail routes with duration of passage ■ Oopjilcht >J 0.8,a*i]uiMa4 ft Oft,^.T. 120° O 110° ^' Ho^^rn>?W^^At„n,\ \\ < '«;''"j. ..<'] — T I 30 A N 'Chatham I. / \ CaIIa> 'A. 80 10 10 100° Q 90° 1-t 70° x 60' U 50' ^' 77 78 157V H 157 156 30 K t'OAHU . Kwitau Bay ) Mohapu Pt. I ..:^*=x'>: ■'^Waiiiiarialo KAOHIKAIPU 1 Makapuu Pf. n nit ma i Koho Head'-' i/iatvdlfioa Pi.) ^Z- MOLOKAI/ tnau Pl.r il^a-lae-o-ka laauY .<*" +» Kamalt c Awalua Landing Kuena Pt HonoQu Pt. FIVt NEEDCeS LAN/ tCaumalapa^ 'C»" Lt.^" .^^^ '^-'M. Halawiift^ 155 30 INTER-ISLAND DISTANCES BY SEA IN SEA MILES. AROUND OAHU FROM HONOLULU — ESPLANADE WHARF TO MILES. Bell Buov I J< Diamoncl Head 5 "Koko Head 12 Makapuu Point 16 Mokapu 27 Kahuku North Point 48 MILES. Pearl River Bar 6 Barber's Point 15 Waianae Ancliorage 26 ' Kaena Point, N. W. of Oahu 36 Waialua Anchorage 46 Kahuku N. Pt., Oahu, via Kaena 58 HONOLULU TO ^^<^'' Lae o ka Laau, S. W. Pt. Molakai 35 Kalaupapa. Leper Settlement 52 West Point of Lanai 50 Lahaina, Maui 72 Kahului, Maui go Hana, Maui 128 Maalaea. Maui 86 Makena, Maul g6 Mahukona, Hawaii 134 Kawaihae, Hawaii 144 Kealakekua, Hawaii (direct) 157 Kealakekua, Hawaii (via Kawaihae)... 186 S. W. Pt. Hawaii (via Kawaihae) 233 Punaluu, Hawaii 250 Hilo, Hawaii (direct) 192 Hilo, Hawaii (windward) 206 Hilo, Hawaii (via Kawaihae) 230 HONOLULU TO Hanalei, Kauai * 125 ~ Niihau 144 o Man •maike t.\ Kealaikahikf JV j:'^ - MOLOKINI I t^aialkahlMj^' ^i:.. Nawiliwili, Kauai q8 Koloa, Kauai io3 Waimea, Kauai 1 20 LAHAINA, Kaluaaha, Molokai 17 Lanai 9 KAWAIHAE, Mahukona, Hawaii 10 Waipio, Hawaii , 37 Honokaa, Hawaii 45 Laupahoehoc, Hawaii 62 HILO, HAWAII, TO Punaluu, Hawaii 7° Kaalualu. Hawaii 80 South Point of Hawaii 85 MAUI, TO j Maalaea, Maui < 12 1 Makena, Maui 18 HAWAII, TO Hilo. Hawaii 85 Laeo ka Mano. Hawaii 20 Kailua, Hawaii 34 Kealakekua, Hawaii 44 East Point of Hawaii 20 Keauhou, Kau, Hawaii 50 NorthPoint of Hawaii 6a '21 ^•Dlowalu ikff (ill- KAHOOLAWe HAWAII SCALE OF STATUTE MILES 6 10 W 30 ailroads. teamship Lines ubmarine Telegraph Cables ^ erritorial Capital @ ounty Seats • G 15730 JJ Longitude 157° -West ClMAUl UoltuUu UodlDg ke-Laa-0-Ki lllo Pt. .*'>»* Knpukaufua Pt, ' Kaputokahi Harbor 'kaulkl Head Pt. Haiiiua Mokao Landing .^' y N Uoitoipu Na>i*.ko«a IJ, .^^^ cr Kawaihae liar} j Kiiah Ft \ AfiiK'dtAi i ^Miiheu'H ■ ■ \papih. , Ni\iillli Pt. HAWAIF^'" Henholv.Pt: '■ Wawahiwna^f^t. Kaluko fuh /•'"'U ) Hillwl Pt.l Iv.u Kailva 2J' Palemano Pt.\ UonauAau liayY'. il«e Ua^}:. I ' * KaijIuoulPt.i I Ka laij Piiif'kiil{ H. Milolil Hanan Oki«- I. Ke All o Ki. Ila V, Keauhou Pt, landing jialuti Landing Kalapana 8 Hammond'a 11 x I8 Mk^ of RaVall Terrlwiy OoryrtRht hj C.S.namnwoaftOo.,N.Y, 156 30' ISOCHRONIC CHARTS The zones of color show the number of days taken to reach certain regions from the Port of New York before and after the completion of the Panama Canal. For comparative purposes the basis of three hundred nautical miles steaming per day has been adopted, each zone of color re- presenting five days or 1500 miles. lOO" ISO" NEW YORK VIA CAVE HORN I0O^LoiiKitudeiaO° Eaal 80 82 i 1 2?i o & . l\ t^ 4 Al<^ — TTfTo "s^ r f^ * Si s ^ "^ M S ai S 2§ 1 '- -U- Li/ =1 .^_^ ^ • ( Be A I W - v-4 ■4-' ■*-* "IS w •^ aj a) A, >- o i " ^^ i 3 o-g § -i .9 a S s §*£ e-t: " ^ •" P- "S ■a "tt S 1 2 « °-5 ** 5 ^ S o 5 -3 « r^ 83 84 85 VEGETATION MAP OF NORTH AMERICA SCALE OF MtlES 100 200 :iOO 4U0 fiOO «00 700 REFERENCE Natural Vegetation IcQ Df^iirt, Tundra and A Ipine Flora Northern and Eastern Coniferous Forest CordiHei'.'.r; ;ind Pacific Uoniferun; ■ irest Broad-lea • ! Forest and Meaii'^rt Upland lit Oil 1 leaved. Forest and 3i*j:nlow Everereoii Forest vergreen Trees and IShrubs TL^inperate (iraislaml^ Semi-desert Uvsort Tropical Grasslands Tropical Thorn Forest U lupical and Eqaatoiial I'l'i-eat VZO" BamBOBd't T«f«tatl(ra Map of North Anwrloft Copjrifrbt. 1916. hj C.S. TTain;nond k Co.. S.T. | ^ ; ^- / 110° Loneitude 100" West from 90** Greenwich Qf^ nw -201) ;fl» 400 :.(» REFERENCE Industrial Districts Productive Regions Non-Productive Principal Woritiiigs CTJCoul ■ Iron O Silver • Copper + Gold QPetroleum Agricultural products are indicated by initial letters in districts where the products are largely oljtained;- g Barley q Oats (jg Cacao HI Rice CI Coffee 5„ Sugar Qt Cotton jg Tobacco Fp Fruit y Vineyards fH Maize yy Wheat - - ■ Navigable Rivers 120° Bammoad'i Eoonomlo Hftp of JVortb America 1 CoDTrlght. I«tt. by C.3.HftinnOBd k Co.. N.Y.I 1 10° Loiigitiide 100" West from 90" Greenwich 80'' 87 88 :c^^;^<^V^^^^- uj £■ a' 2 t, a I" *j OS c J g a 1 C o o o £ oj :Q< ♦■a / 89 //// 1U° X) 110° 108° F 1»>° 101" .^IFako GU4H0A ^'ARCOS ■Vuei-fita B, Piilma* B. Potoll Mod. nMAo|e I. •"■"•". '\ ■2. > iVC — ^ J» Ijiiisfr^j.. n r^ /-A.. ^ ^ I 7B^ ..'^nR. AiAA*-* *y&. >Sft.J j>V„* *y* \ 'oada: in operation projected Capital of the Republic ® Capitals of States e Size of type indicates relative importance of places . BuLiiaadl 11 s 16 Uap of Mezioo. ipjrlcht, Ittlttt b7 0. S. Baiuiaond & Co., S.V , /.■ ! Hu»c«nci Ta^a m (.a ro'-' — — 3 ,» »- -."-. Pt,Japti : Tf'fu.j '-y-'ti 8° I? r> 110° 108° F 106° 104° H 10/Longltude J We 90 »-*■"/,' &>y I AlbBni \c. J|A*/ ^ C L.^ 7^\'^t *«'*5*'^^' \ iN«U)Jie] Bndj ai»rbl« F&uii PAG. ln\onlo^ P, «r - Sturkdata t>--'~\^ *->■ Kenedy^ 'i'i,. •;i^ 'I liny ntf Dlefturnonir /■•\\\ yli^^^n l^ ilNT 'H^<'\ ^r ^^„. -^.^^ kifcs^ ^» B-^- V T .i^L ■ SI'^^ ,»— — — T — T?^^ ■^rti^!*^;. fcBAfcosfE"" ; y, . iiW^^- - ^BRETON 1^ I / .CnUlM tWn'^&^''^^^^DeIlalof the ,^ y f / ! J — /- — ^ Cedar Kej^ gUMOWV y^ J-' "> o r fX-*^ antctnorcloi 8.Tcre«L, Mendez ^^S. : Jose .Cmrlov I 1 1 \ >^ ■flit*!** A>* C.Cor/l'""'" ^Q :^-Ttic.i Myitis] ^^. L« UbwUd 'Q^ /pt.Reef ■ TS-PedfO n-TURNEFFE U 3 B ^ B J^ JV 30 26 21 22 8W*N 18- li io:Si >\^ eO ./ — ;y^ ^Se--f'S: t peo '%.-^ from KQreenwich98° O F i '^'\ *" >^iinleilt» fe-. J'Btt-Bufi N D tl taAfi' ' ^M^ "'U ■'^\ 8.Simon B.^ \Eipli>o 18 90° m; 94° O 90° Q 80° Ti 91 Q2 93 ,^ r 94 95 97 M°l 83'2 82°8 3i'4 »• 5 n' a ^'i^' 8 7c'9 ;5°10 74°11;3'1 2 k 13 u'U i i)"15 eo'lO ee'l 7 6i° 18 ee 1 9 co"20 04"8 1 ii3'22 m'iS 6i'2« ai' gS 5ii*26 56'27 67'28 5o*29 65°30 i4'31 m' lu 14" 11 73- 12 7a' 13 71- 14 70* 15 «»• 16 W 17 «• 18 W 18 W 80 M° 21 w 22 ea" 28 el' 84 to' 26 t»'28 98 99 75** Longitude E West H^3ti' from F Greenwich «^ lladfofdo\ Co' f^K' QUEBEC (South Central Part) SCAL E OF MILES 5 10 Railroads : ^ Railroads Proposed „ Canals National Parks | | |_ Dominion Capital ^ Province Capital County Seats ® Size of type Indicates relative , importance of places ' ' UuDisMKl't ConplitoMfepofQuebee CBoulbCcntnl Put) Oopjrlgbt, 1018 tyr dfi. Htminnnd k Co.. Pi.Y. 1^X1 B lacli ," V A u D R eIt I L' "^^^^*%:.r ^ 100 :x ■^ Bool du'Mood* r ° 8i.L-nal»/ .^.- "2pe I T -^— . \ Sl.Jatia/ -CleopbM X °^> Y ^'"' /8i.Pio«i«io ' ;.,N.r<-iM8tiw T"^;;^^,!^. B«>5,i'7L< V>^ BELLECHASSbX ^v E \ CriDbgtj 'erc&REsI ST. HYiKINTHE>A™-/;,..« / ^ "« tili'y/ 1. ) aj«ii vjui*j«j.,i»C^^.i i../v I >^.c.„..,./ ?/--j r ^r5v.n— »iii„7;^<. r t °iu,j4wimir Nr».^i„?''"ft,v^<^ wih Vocu Ji...n Jsl ArniittoDg I StTThMpblle^* '■ inI'" W'^l/*" feC^^ ^''^j->y", V^^^Si-'^i^^-^.'fi^'^'''''^ l»r iboip"/ day, y'^vj.rt.ti fc i(aiiiru..Rcti^ : : ■■■o~ics«,>i;n ^ — of Vi:igS=^2!>*C!tT~o — ^-'"Tr' tf % '^"S '4 vJ-* / .(Bir.^l.I. HAOUDoiid't Compktt: 31)l[i of Dntulo. (&ouU>«rn Put.) Copyrigbt. IWfijbj C.S.Himmond A Co., Xew York. [ 80^30 IT l^ongilude 79'' 102 Albion ' /Currlert jjArcade vj •^2!S— _cj^,L Sm^, ««weg '■"'. 5»«^ Pens. JcV V. /Crjslal " 'pilfttsl :^: IWDBvlUa'^ I d'ananduiijii''/ H*mlockUk«i"«t Naples o X Pcnn Vani, >Hornel: Bel fldere CtnlBleiS) *tWellBvllle I Lake I Keuka ^Bstb Ueiieva 'Vid\ [g Wntkft IV"* ,»v^» ■\ ir-^ -£>£ 6 ■ 43 H.. j "^ X B.Colttnibl» pfHuw Berlin CinduDttue P •'>. X. Cornl^^^ 18°30 ' Omnwich IC 7«° Xj 31)' ValtonX TVI N -f>°30' 1 IS /« ADd«B n 103 104 105 106 120° U.iiBili.J.. >I 110 116° 114° BRITISH COLUMBIA Southern Part SCALE OF MILES 111 \ L°A "«°B '"'° C '""P m'E iM" F iat° G m°H m'J m°K m'Jj i«i°]H I(»3o° ™° P "J" R »«•" S >»° T >M° D »»° T ™° B^IIO" (J^ TlS" 1) is;* E 126° F ^° G IS*" H 123° J 188° K '2'° L '»>° M » '» " X "f 111° P 110° R lU'S — 112 113 114 116 ^ ^ Hi a H °»a °,.s 117 18 J 20 D.(JJ. 01 TER BRAM^ p.'"* t ' ^' — fiJ^ — *i I/i^'; c^-^r ""'^'- TURTLl DOVE CAYc: ST. THOMAS AND ST.JOHIV SCALE or MILES VIRGIN ISLANDS OF THE UNITED STATES CA" JO f 118 J29.5l''"'n"'ti<''» Cllniiite Map orSoulh Amcrloa CopjriEht tj C S.ItanimoEii] 1 Co.,N.Y. 2Q 7 January Isobars ^t Prevailini? Winds 80° Longitude 70° West 123 - iJb^J^ ^ .\ LEEWARD PORTO RICO • ^ . EQUATOR ., IlftoimDiia't Vegetntion M»p of Suuth Smtri^x Cop»rlelit, 1916, by aS. Hammond 4 Co.. N.Y. VEGETATION MAP OF SOUTH A31EKICA SCALE OF MILES 100 200 400 600 REFERENCE Natural Vegetation I Ice Desert, and Alpine Flora Puna (Cold Semi-desert) Coniferous Forest Broad-leaved Forest and Meadow Evergreen Forest Evergreen Trees and " Shrubs Temperate Grasslands-^ Semi-desert • Desert >. ub-tropical Forest Tliorii Foresk Tropical Grasslands ^ Kiiuatorial Forjsst '^■^i^ Swamp 10 80^ Longitude 70'^ West 60" from 50^ Greenwich 40 124 00' — r~ ^ ^0° I PORTO RICCI~ • ^ V EQUATOR ECONOMIC MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA 8C*t.E OF MILES u 100 200 400 000 am REFERENCE 6 0' fro m 60^ ^reeiiwich 40" 125 Proclnctivo Regions N.in I'niJuctive . Prinf'ipnl Gold Y Workini.'s ^ Diamonds Z^ Nitrate ©Tin T Manganese , Agricultural prr^tucts are indicated by initiul letters in districts when tlie products are largely obtaiucd;- Ca Cacao Ru Rubber Cf Coffee Su Sugar Cl Cottoa T Tea Fr Fniit To Toli:ifco M JIaize V ViiT-yards RlRice W ^Vheat pO - Navigable Rivers lUamtond's Eeonoinlc Mip nf Snufh An>vrlc« Copjrlglit. 1016. bj C.8. lUminond k C«., N.Y, 80° Longitude 70° Weat 60° from 50° Greenwich 40 126 127 129 1 131 CP^ CM*. 134 135 137 n D E ' J^tu'd y Jpiillemvllle V fimaghtSi^ H»Uf«»l WeatportJ iTlncbeater Bello,**«'lTrSKI-.ii'kf?''*°'"*'fS°\"'j?;';!K:;291' ff 1^ ' - ' V „^, '-...;"',,. , O Woe rrwVci.r'^' '=r. ■ \ ' ' aa'-t ?"«, A'M ^^"^W\#m. "" TfolWko Iron W^fki 5 \ ^^*. ^St1«ii>g g^f^^^^ « - T'-n ■■ -^- N Colebrook- ^^ r > i- ftr.iliaiiiryt BrnifttrertTji %'?>.!€ f''>'ii'>ls''^^sll a , '^ns^"'- '- Wr^ii? "y Mt|^ 7 Fairy & ^>-*rt-Wi ^J^'V'f ^fc-''^ sa E _ J VyMepipigMyv> '«" i i J s-Mohbodj^; llaplotoivS\y#fSlialtcrJ I V /— 1U» ;kStll,!i\OifVrj' f "i o'RIdgel>urjr V/B^tBll , Botj iBrooltBvmlei iFi„,^^, -^''^«-4lliM jTn.e.to ^>CV ^M.,..,.,.„ ^* \ finiifo'd n. Lstrtilford Pt. '"ionff Aeo* Pt. L ^ N D p o u ^' >•**>, IITTLC OW Ft.Mloki^ PLUM t. ^ ' QWl-l. I, '..../^"^..' z> ukTZ. «_ e/ierr» H/Vt Of P(. DIXEIIS li ID G II 138 ii'a' n. 71' IB' in "<=^ T M NaS .W.TownBend !'»"£' "bomtonB Ferry I > _ „ "^ Hekbruok I 70*16' Q R /r i. idftfrd Spia laggett/rAndi o.**, I^'' li/Ballard Vale' E.Boifo*lp;)'' Bo,ft,jli.)E\ FoHu n. SOUTHEM NEW ENGLAND 42 16' ,„n/ihr,SD.po* eastern Pt. >,iCriM»«3u.) 'rr'»>" MASSACHUSETTS, COKI^ECTICUT AXD KHODE ISLAND SCALE OF MILE6 6 10 State Capitals ^ 16 20 26 County Seats 42, 80 Size of type indicates relative importance of places. Principal Through Auto Routes ^ Other Auto Eoute i_ l.'i.&i?I"''5.? Cedar Pt. ^P A\m/y''^'iV^^'9/l Meadow l,rw.v\' ^^ 79° 30' B C 78° 30' NEW YOKK (Western Part) SCALE OF MILES lO 11 Railroads.. . j • Canals — 2 1 Interurban Electric Lines.——— !;! County Seats s Si Size of type indicates relative ^« importance of places ~\ ■ Niagara on tlie Lake\ K Somerset Maplestreet / llNewUne N.Hartland HElberta ;i own I /^^ y \^^ -/C(X)mer . ^ '^■\Northrl ?*/ WoaJ^ Cemetrjg^^aiQbuHA'^'/'^TlsY'lc^ Cloter ~ ^ t t f^ i surer Creek^ Waites Crosflin^ Smiths! ■ ^Millsl Iroquoif lalia 5g5ti«mbuMA'*VOTjv'«t*S^:X"D It \A T71 ^ Mills Oewettville 'Derby Biding- [EdiirCeAJet Bta.) illers yi:,ndoii»UlB KcnyuQvillg/^ . r — p-> IIarl>or„ KiWwlesvilleC Su. Rk Hlllville Alabama /T, "'■'i lE.OakSeliK ifWhealville /^ /'^ Baaoiii^ Indian raits ' LoNiKwood .Kars>.rienSla^,^^,„^,SV»_^ t,Jil«.„ y° n.rifhrnni„. I I,..,.... ,^ ^-^ '^— '^ ^^.iswulds i/if Alexandej rJ- t SlieMon jjohnsonburf M Rock W Pe rrys^ Strykenrille / j "1^ /N.Java ^a, V(lBn,Ap ^/V o wAher^ ly Dal;*- ^¥V Casiadaga /Charlotte Center ^'\\'*^ \ l/i ( ,^ Cherry CreeJ^Xf^ ■[^''•^t^'i*-' Ce ntral i a i^\A*^ ^^^ ° \ nl ^StnelalrTille errysliy \ Cottage Clearl B<£otiewa'ngo Valle- ilCoIli HoHon E.Concord Sardinia iGowanda f/e»t ValleW Eaat Otto \ Bel Maples ^,S. Ripley SummerdVleV \ Chautau^uS&*^=_Av>*V^^^^ V\\ ) J ^'''**°?^^^ ft Gerry/ ] | Ellleottvilti T^ T%. A / R '.""i";, J /Little Valle! Open Mi adowa \ [o Marks N.Clymer^^ ; ,wnX X'-'V/, *o^ * /Hueti Kiantone^ "VJ Humphrey/^ Great Valle//i« Center / /Napoll ,£.Rando' f ff.BalaMiani [;lt«t_HouM ^ Wit.* ;^Cold(Spring ^N ^J^ ^/^ /'(Quaker FridgeSu.) R'^^rslde raJkMlf 'r-. \-fa* *^,. ^ Bo, I WinR \ iFrankllnvJlle n vHuniphrey ^\ Sta. ' "Haneyl Ilusdale urWfe Sti y>\Liru«»lonc\ \\\V KiiaiijiNCreek Little Genesee^ WHileli'iuse «^ 79° 30' c Longitude XJ IC 77°30' F ve^ao' It T B ^, I Braddook Pt. '/ Cl&rksnn^ (iBi'l/ml o V \/ TPultneyviUe ^ ^^"y / I Adams hi I /siMMioerpoi-tV'j;;;^^ -,-,„. **.Sr I .Allies Bl-Vj , ...veden W "o"" .1. "-.ftM w. fe»lj^ I .Biclwcll I \ jLincoln lofJll./.^^V/^.Vj I vE^ I ""^ "'«'/ -'11... . tv»-^^^^f 1.1. iiia. nalltti* Cedar B*aii'i|i OSWEGp-^Mi Fi \ Frnit Vallej, SouthwMi-Oa^go^ \Ot^pt Center^ tJ ILlllltTll „ Jilerlingi) HanVibal CentfeK X.V-^ V V'tH \( \ A^(fl/fioaii/a\ ibal N.WolcotVJ |yMartviUe>|^ I \e Ham) Red CreeWn^ Ticioryj/ W. OBepiSl Col^i ^•l' QJ )\ Flor\daville irida >S.SodU8 Wayne Center Biitler Center -'VictotJ I J (S.Butlcrf I ((i- I M_ / Brick CliJ>cli>i SpriuJI II 1/ ^Conquest ■i .ir F-tiirldje \^ | lISi /Avon.; y n II ti^YEI?, I Finy«ra7 Ap j P».R.R.Jc\/Vvr«l E.Gruvelma im>n* Morris O*^ ^ ^l.rra\^ '.S!> ^ blr/ff^ «r Uk S ETX / V^ XRi'ip'O "!r Fislier ^j if ttuscarora-jT* f\ WeBtviewV . ... .j^-*^ J^^X^^m M ^A)' '^''i Lniunda Ju / / A. vftW Reeds ConiErs j 7>''"Ct/J. aj4"..\mN\ ° f- "T^^uiida ^ / Cu.iiiiiiii«l|cjJ Ac J- L„ Ossian I I ^^ I /rV1{'i«Pi-sviIle ,J>hi;lp> Tyrel' 2-f atisyie'"" ) ";; „ouUrtl(^ / Brivtol Csaterlo -^ / i Thompson V^ Kasli ' V / OraoKor . £/ ^Middlesex A BentohCeote* ^ir^^ A Tl ^- \ \ \a Hayl V •-// >>t ;. r V~^ /'-J^f^ II \ \ > ACnrin Y *>a X-Tottar /e iK^ *♦> V '' \ \ / W Parleys layette //^^j^^^^__^KN R«c(ler\ Ejariek Mi lot 1 Qulick )[/ y/w.lt(dy J'fJ'-d /^'""Z,^ . H^^ ° / Tate/me- ''' , l.n.oH^-Y /A (T ,,_. ' \aplU/7 I / KLka P.rk« iMTnCeute *^ ^ ^ ' I Haly^ Bl»f!\l*..iat I (^■'^ BranclipitrtJfe^*-^ / / |Hiiul I f Italyhllf I ^.. / /jCrosb] 1 ^^ ^1 /^ Pmlteu^7~/J WiliVrd, ;ols JCi Htmro N CoUocton [ogleside ^oraina □s Sta. ^ ^TracjB Birdsall BUhopsille nHfltonTtUe _X Haskinvitle ^teplienfl Hills -Si^ i^fieiinettB Almond County Hmiae G _^ /NAY iVithey BconoDt Sta. ^ORNELL kCanlsteo /Purdycreek Bennetts//^ doic re lis /I W.Uiik 1 ndpl^ndence I I Jasper I Kexvlllo "Hallsport j / /i/arney Mill ^^ ^ (_ Edwaifft y^. / Voung Hicko^ ^lapes WhitcsviIJ^5^r^^.O^^/, , i^ \^^ IpTroups JliuudGV ^ ■* SpriagJMiliT^Saunders 1 V ^^5^*- o __^ Beans Sta Sticktieys9« DiDehartso'^ Reoclian?^* ( UrbanaVW ^'"j J^^ N. 7 / /.^ Catawba/ \r/'i Crystal/bprint; •i ^ "Wayne/ i Wheeler^ \ /(,/ / H li . . V MitchciiviiiA A/ yf/„„.iiS£ Jord^s te^leasant Valley / I / ^-^ rflcrmitaiic BrAdfurd 'kaiiS^dU j#fT.-old Springs L ,N Y.S. I-'isli Hatcher/y\_/r; i BriMidage I ) ^C* \ . , , Towlosvillfl ( "'V^kJ ?Co""ty "'>'"•' J/-V ^aiaf ill °p;?^J;^ath ^ /y Sonora j *• S.Bradford! J^VUonterey B ( E'^ N , I Havuna a i Alert X'N^' , , , I Ovid Center^, < / S^ (IBheBnike 8vrB.bt»0 Interlaken' , :-<:>di^ J Townsei Center/ 'LaAe\ WIle\ ^J -J Austin [Q] O^enl^Q Center Q^M'sd ^nice ^1 . Mora\n| lis Cry r'li^rs W _r "I! '«--' 'vi^iisTTi? ^1 arljcl °W. Qkraioii E.LanBlng Lansing Inland Pt. lllo* tr>. N?S> \\ia4s''i'ry |urg (S.\\iuJIireventoriui l-ogan * PotPfXiljf, reventoriun uSty: f hoKinneys \,F«nt(4 V>^ X.J , , . Key nolrffUlo 9^4cklenburg ^•\1 V I /y / * jReaBtack \\ lI\-;'---^rennettsbii/g ■ " *^^Hiirdett J I ( >i Enfleld Fall __ UAV^ (L el R /o| Trumbull Crf^nei ^^^^HTwtblWS^l ^\ r. A ij I CayutaSiUei \ A / JV at k ins Wl jTTrftl \ V / /cavuTa N Ke*ffield ^*^^^^ PmV" y}''"""i>a Townsend / /-'ntvV^N^'^dessa More laud Sta P\,\^ I N S, ITHAC rotine Depi Danlr)^ I Biieuavista Risingvllle ^.Ca meron '^Thurston CurtisS Hornby 'E. Campbell ■^7^^|Cameron MiUscoopers PlaT ^edgesville >^atlilxjnii\^ OanK Mil J Iddlsonf/ ^\!^° S Presho q W.Caton'' Woodhull ^--^^^^ \ ^ f / c^ ■,xi XWefit%[d 78" Ureenwjch -i—MiT* — — +———. Tr / Jackson 1 IjjPost Creek^ I .1^ )a^l,y Catliu -arfj3 I K.Speiici """"Ll^^Si^odliourn I ^ Pln« ^alle^ /Park Sta-/ ^'^ii^wartwooH itlivanyille 'M /U JN G ""^^gTsH^ p 1 \ )Horse Bl»|Flil.J»^»^ nW^Ci^ek '•^V^//}i^\Y*^-^'"''^* U)*«nsMm.( Ur«eBport lorsehead^ S.Erin [ Chemung »:^ lUk iTj^ L./] ,^)/ *^ Jtfoon i. '/~yiUiL. / SomcrvnaC '/^^ / ") /Fowler ST' CC3— -'^ ^ /V^^J"5»B1^ tfton Works/ VHyalt |Thlladelp^ ''ojISterlingv E rc-^l"/,"^ '^ Pt.Pentnsula ( Pillar Pt Sacket Harbor/ Chamb^rViis \5 Pamelirf /!^^vaiisTliill3 \\ f r^ FourCodTers AlEviSVSta.) ^rc\River ^T / LcraysJillc _. El TD // o *''^'" ^^ ,, , ^ l/^ -tk/ fc> Bf^ BU«k Rl»er^ ^' . v^. v/- v^t,- . /WXarthaee^r^^^^^ pKTOWN • c.&ujLff^ - — ^KutlaiiH jMills, r^l Bridge Sti la.i^^war , E.Pit/aiij Colt n/aparte rPitzgcrald Burnett lati^^l Bridge sia -^Tjiliia Sta Slonj PtL *3j o :2V A K B -^uralhih -, ^ AtllejiUe »ii''JL \Pinckiiey CaVorland li irishurg Tremaineao ~^ jr^"" / \ \^^ ^ St^' ^ >^ Windecker ) Indian River 'avtT River Beai'K umber Four i. "Pxt/ T A H, Z O -jLacoiia Port Ontirii '^HjXSJ' fOrw (New C< Worth°Center \piamon N ^uylSTon stu lei /preWiboro| 'Smartville ) ^^ VZ vParkera ^. Margins I Hooker^ Pniity. j'^^i^^Mi^^Jrsu ^.^^^J^Paul ^^ I'AiisiiiK y~) v£. c».i... ^ v^edBcldl ^icard ^I Bea»er^ KirschiiVfwillc \ /NpwBremen ^ Vz-X ---^^Crjstal Dale^ ^Bushes Landing f^nd •P«^^^p-<^ :d>t^ *V* iSo»'°'*^ /- *..,.yy\>& ecu lerville WW ^ ■ ...ilib^l Cem/r loVTV wens Cornersi imI • x'^'^^^X J^ 't — ^ /-TSVV \* VCaJghdci? ■^ S.OranlWX "^Jv \ \ ) 4 75" SO' ) Avaf o ' JNortliWesI ■' Lee Center^ (f w »<;^^' I Btavt rU jx I Cross/ ( s.^Af.aAcl^. Baldwinsviui .\ I 'A / ■/. Usville^ I -c^** ^o* -\ Kiniiciv k, .->^'S-*'-\,.n,J „ faylvaii Bcachl W^^«*i Sylvan .Ir.L, ^^ ^,=*---^— = I 4^—S ^ — .Bf^J- .ill Creckj/ „°OryeS|)r Dunn'broo] JsL-,k4.« rak—^ o Remsclft^f, ^v^ /tK Grant (blokes /Tjr- ^Steuben » fOv^H y c ■estcrnville 1^'^^''' 1 1 Pj^^^STlnckky *?^ "• U E Floyd J\. ^•"JL^ i\. J->' - / TrentoJ5^/ \. /luLsia oCaiilroden Barw&vaJJjE^ I Xx^c""**'* eMil^-\l ( Hopand Patent,J?^^n \3y\^|J^^''**''S^'ll N.Gage ^'^S^.^^Cold I StittTiUe ^N^J^nton /^h<, ha^aa J JK r* 7 'jT'"''^|^\"/ /|^S?So„» "^ WhT.clawo "Vv^li^^^K^ V..„,„a slaj/^. \ElbriiUf Canlll -•^ SHalfwa "■,io4'" ;,ra((ie /) if cU \Bartlcu , , V „ ,Whlt«5bo I / X^olemaiis/J . W 3slmoi-eIaii.ry. i\Ska.iea(ele« Ft.- R^"^*' Bridge Otioi/daga )» f Tft 1^ T jThryj^M,o|,g^B^3,^j,^]^;|g^^;;^ Onondaga Ca.tiJ VJv'''""*"'^ \ ^N. ! Kt^n^.t ■ ^LGiffor^ A As. 1 V-lrWaterv lie :l Xt^V Sta A /Navarino i\use HilU ift. \ I ^* oy/s \^\ -^ Case„ V I**'*%«e/&'^ o I \ ^\plisco LatfeVAmber " \o 1 yVv Pompey ,0««C0 *^"**'^^uatiJa ,afce .---^ \ f XlCoIIingwcJse h Delph KenwooT^ VernJ.. ^^ — I ^ . Cenleri ■(,,, Clockvill , / McVTillflville VPe^fyville „Alene \ 11 I 1 ^BUktilU Bu?* Valley Milljl^^ J g„J , fChilienai.Bo Falls 'n "^ Slooltbr ICazeii^vi Ponipey CentY'r oAuatin * ^^orodin Otisco Otl«:o Valley / » n . ,. " ^ It y Apulia r VX A HeAHopeof VA^PaffordX -I, \/ / oScii^oi^X ^omro WHU>Wsvill\\\^ Tu^l^^,ake P^k^f *5*s>'» lierrifiel*^ N. \ J X^* V Mil, C*caile>VJ \ \ 'f ^''*^"\oTula ^\^ Veiii;%^> ^ , \ / „ \ \ :l\ Isrftttl 5(ifeble fenice Center Olentiave 8empro\ius 1 DelphilFalU \- I ' fa„Ji I „ Ti '"oV/ii «• -.^X""'""^ """iM Hollo«rcy/j;.e*.Sol,v,ll>. ,'" \l (/iN^S^ ■orrls.llleV flSf <'^ ", ' ft\l 1,1 ^^..'' u \ _ W^ .!* ,., ^ >ta Augusta '■■'^Nelson pratti Hollowo>C;>'^ .SoIsv.II. Pabias If^Ipiii FallX^ I Sta MorrisvilV Sta i ^^.1*^ jj^ Ra ttrk Pi ire^'ooUs' EaM>n(/^/«*^ltspprl Dresstrville ,\V Tun>.I.ake Patk'Tf "l^sJA , Y rK^Jf"^ m \x..M^-^ — {— -i // %Woi>d&tock jlfEi^Xjff *^£orgetown Sta N.^' MJj Franklliffy Willowi Sprmg/rtS Chadiv lyl. lew lli'rtrorfanalKlro / „ ■ Clay.lf . Pans Sta. V;;.^^ j.Litch&eld Litchfield as- ' skan ill ^ BichBcld*¥^ !A Jcedar.ille o idison JJ) A^^ s^^ \ '1'^ . >// BfTAggwaterl I rVPStockweli ^ Lebanon -js, yOeorgeCown Kandalls fville v*. Lansii'i ville=' Jc\oa i^l/cke "t -i : , i'/i ,_,^_-J?| -rl \ CliiD/R T L /, "°T ^OroU,„Ci.y°( ^ VMSRbTLANB ^ 'ajbel "^rotoay Nubi -— ^ 'k^-kw ^ i\ 11 tr«UO pieiahnH^''*"""'" Vd^ I «"^- (^i^D,Jdel\ a: I vciitorium VcSirreBvine >» ^'"S»\ _Mayburys c.^lodBelt Mills S.Cuyler ler \l— — Js LilltaiBC, Mariposa LiiioklaV j iLincklatn ( i BcaverJMeadoivs '""'" „ . ,, ,, W S.OtselicW' Irelantl MiUaX SIierl?\irn. ^ v^nion Valleyi/ V^ \Four CoijieriS oil ^'' ' I Jl/> . 9^ ^ N.Pharsalia >loii 7)^*^* / W Wi^cstoKsta / SC5ImSW\ River For Jl/*— """"'' ^ tHUiI l(^ * ) lyUnadllla Forks /^Icl^aeld^nr!. f { Ca^iadardgo, /Leonardsville / I £^^^ (^ Vi.ExeioiJ Exeter Schuyler Lake'J^ %: Burliiigtotv/PlBts/ okksrij Taylor ValleV I /od-, i. c" ^^y^ y \ n / P'tt^her Snr*figa tcKinneys ^^lia/y j^jl^^(_j 'Pitcher yi^harsalia^ E Fniion- ,V \ V| ^.^yt^u ,. d ^ ^^ C\ab»^ ^Preston Texis viUey^ 7 io-JMcDoi(ough° Y „ o \ * VV^ D CI . L -ti r--4 >iV Hbiits Corners A XV>sPcssetner Viatel- VI Ilel ! Vjb _»-t— — —.J^ — — 1 r , X?^^P^?=^o( (Ja'»«Sta?^. l,L Killaw.« ■tWillet! <^ ! loiigh )OTAriW'/,; New BeJITJiConlre Davis Cr. i.N«wBerlii\/'^A^ "5'^'"'''" / II.\t-lrk„ Oarrattsvillc/ \ ffHy^e rp.-ii..dO / T I S^ S.HartJick New Lisbon iV< ods nN >rwlch HohofSTille^ Hilf^rd Whites Store! lams Curneral 3 n 1 ock^ells Milti Ce Ji I Tyner, 'Upper Li'sie I ^Jsmilhvillc / ( ^AIW /OuHford ' iQ 7 Flats I \ itC ' / I , A V,^ I \ J?S. Oxford ( Lislel/ll \ 1/ ^ ' ' -^n^''^"'""' "^l Triangli \' \ I ^jr^rv/ne _^ — to o./ ^ .j o\ fNsw tl V. f ^u*' ^- ^ W.Uainbridffe V * Pi M■. 1 7 --^«iJ■Be^ HVloJCeote'^lr B ill. '*^ ■rA-c^^..>^=i*^ ,, --; «,j^'"^''^h{ valloi 'Oti *''''*5i^Q:— --^"X jJTS.NincveA '^ f at" n ^ — C\ \ mT x\* o J Tji ^J'\s'^ 4^^ J' '^^^••rickvilV^ N.Haniden L j ^E.Mason^Uif ♦* <^J^ j5NortlIfeeld „ I FVn, ' /- o, v^^Wood-\ / Moqhi lennetts-I .^^^ r ^^^ / **i™ • XWbst ) ,*";■-,-,;■•'' Maio-viUe j» A**^">^" /-m ! Ivanhoe" JJ I ■ /Si Howes 18 S.Owego \ I 1 Iracj Apiachln I \sOteek S'ApiJjachiD Traej V Um NEW YORK (South Central Part) ^.Windsor '"•^''•«„ ° AVA'""""\ ^^ 'HIilUltlllL / *? McClu., •**^-'a ConkIi",\\lLa„gdo!l ?:i.,y.-*/'&"le,„e. ilalCe„te\ Conklin''?!*!;:^^' T 'VCo\«mui^,-„ ^, HawlenonV-FoftJy ^^ N Edson, ^BVIrove ^QM c/rl»tUvilleY^RIvel.ide "'"''' Si ^/ ^\"""' ^ \X-*."'>ir»iae st.t« Liiie'K^ xf tascadeVal "T" [eposll «» s" \ HaTvardf fe«^ '^^';'',' _ -, „ \\\ 1 I f^llir \ J? ^^ '^^^Oregotytowa SCALE OF MILES e].2«45 JO 15 ^ BailToads c Gonalg Interarban.£lectric Lines rrat Bei]d :^. E^ rll ^\La(ic8boto A state Capital ® County Seats e Size of type indicates relative importance of places 1 ntaln Brook L p lensH T / Mundale I J « 4 N °Loomi6\/| / Delan 1/ JxoulCncca J '^ •■« / }J / \ CleaTer/ \ ^l] / Uainden ^-WkltOnHCy^ H.wley; Rockroyal L.^^ j A-c^^v^ JJ^^S:^ ia Sprinui ( ^ ! / \ / 'ford I ( ) /; I \ BarboJr-viUo A* iPBeerstoa I ^ '^-'e h J V/V ^/' C™* Oldwef St< ny Crqik orthKni' Sacatula; Pinnacle /^ ^ Wj Os\K.rnfi I 4 CranbcrW CrcaV Iindge/|| Batchcllervili'le I .1 Blegrker V Motiiitain MaTliei ^i S ^ ockwood GLQ.VEBSTI1 mccks CenteJ JOHNSTOWW ^roadftlbi/i Jc. "''pi— d.- Z' >JfcHagedorns I Ave ^ V^C_§i^^ o 1 1^ "^ Mosht V.ilMms Mill Corners! PcrthV_J''Oalvvayy Ne„»JlleSSl.}0>« J „Mi"\n j Halti^nie I ^pliralab Sanuiio isyille^a. ielliston ■ol^ Plain\\^^jjatine Bt Starkville, ,lK-riTes*iUe Ir^xS' rOs,P . ^■■-^^=- - >4 M Om ierrj V.ller Hsgsmaii^^' I arrower ^ „ Vi.<^ "•^grflAJHSTEtilMM Hunter rxSBBS^fc^ «j/ V,, . J> ^^SSf^h^uncsnlle Qlenvill [gffmans itterMrf^il ;iioltefdaiii Jcf fSprak^rsf r Mill Pomtn Midp»iU« G \ M B Sr ) ^--'Charleston C Scotcli I >* . Burton..nie> „„ ^-^ 6 -^^HEXEi 1 ,1/.;,. w J '^Brainan Corners _ i-^k"" TrT5rr_ ^_. .. V r, ^ r, g jj B vQiiarr^^ ?7N \ Ti-^^y// Afki^tf) Z<>»*Cl Ii rt -^ r>. X C*>v^ — jr m\& -^^^ Norlotis Sidft^ X^L^ kpattens ^Alnt [" ■r J° i ''S.0rs7;vil?J S.Gl>i(s Falls] '/fl^ H^rliiiati alls ^ 'Bjle/ Belcher/ !U3n?Jnfic^ B Porter Cora ( ebrint^ JtS_ Corinth ^MMJaes Kill wit J— v s ft.Millc;"' lill" N.Ilebro°oSl«l"il3 "jf ^Fort Eijj na r Argyle . Ureeii«itjt] j. , /lo/ Grejluwic: lirkersvillc /Middle (Jrov. SABAT SPBlJ Sdmylervlllel^-T-Vv^' 1/ ■>)|B»ltei. „ ^5\«\(*if''''''"»''-'(afc=:*SBeiiter Falls ^ G»^ ^-^^^Ktorj- null IfOrMnwlch )) ^Salem /Behiivrer Jc. ^'Saratoga Lake ♦( J \^Ea8lon\ta. , \CedSr CovejiUe \\r B V^olla '^•ilnffs Quaker ill ^^^rchdale Springs//! FlySiiinnii /ia*e/H.^K^leliuins //I o tAvt_ c _l -. a ^ayvflUV ygorners jfji R Easton fV ' T _^' all5tonSU.)|IviH.^ailree\_j/ ¥ Bemis /ijf ^»^«o-/ Jeji 'Centtr Can]»)ridgc tilwaterCcnlcrl Heights^&i' ■WCanlM"'] \1, r/ii^i | WliiUCreek/l &! Caml/ridjEe Bonrid\V5Plti.,,,^ H>^ Lake\\3CBSS2V».% 1-VV; rjones- Usherslu "rAX,''Jfe"'ord »*^ tlifton ParB A/ \X-^^Iomh. inock Hoosicm-A J * , Pelersbfi: , Ptlt3town\ N,Pet4rBljuA Uiddlcficjd i ■ Center { CentcrV, | Rose boo in K ■ I. Chark..lon ^akridge^^S S C--4L E NEC . SloansvillAo Esperanrel tsperance 'l' (Kelleys bta. ^^ Oifford Duaii>s£_ a^ nsvUle' . ' Center! nine burg Bridge BrUDSwiCK, Ansiiighurg "^^ ./ey \Hyndsv,lI?iA ,(ch/o„5v?lleCli"ry Val \U \ oVovenor Corners- BcboiianWo^*. 4***"*^— <^c^ ,.,.*— "vtrDuni P|B.w.rd Krlisle Cenlero ° , J'U \ Quaker SCreet f^ ?*%^ . I fh \ \ f I CentralAW U---**^ i » Knox Star>^ -' ll>or1S»Si \laiJyersv1Me''o«.ec?'ja«*y(*tell'^"l«'k5 -f \ AH.,^ Vanes \j°;e^^;^ r.l.lSi. j:::^^ii^tJ!yP^W.na..s ^ / WTownslJ?"^ ' S/C H », o . Beards I Jiollowf '? Pairlaodo Sunirnit Propi 'lotteville ' c". L . Emiaence Stewart ^ *^ iTCiisoiivillu N.Harpersfieldn'^^ «7FTiI..,.rt's Ci;iiter ^-?^..rt rit:ht ■^Kort^right \^ SUmlun iglit Sta.V Roxbury^ o Bov itiaf ;{«5iiytkmnB Center r Vegao/ Am fman! , Halcottd N/w Klngeton'^f vJile , ptelly Cdrners-^ ' nfli'ii Cdrs Headowdali rnervjlli illej Sobleskill *. ii.era%rings//^cbobarie"^""P^'iP« l^"' W.BerSj^ii^^^^ij^rne HVa\(|[R IE/, Illdilleburc / \ E Bern. .'' A^ L Hunt4rslaakin nler ^^^s^W l jST/?''" WorkS^ ( V ,x-McKown»HjSJ<4'T'?2|»/y'' lJ>Msi4nkUl {u^CrFontVJ'^">'lll«° ^-JMKTForbea Ateobe W^iidlake :flerbfr\>|r;«SSTOfe^N?sfe '^'" Ne»lrii«P''V!F5?J^^^ fA-rill?^ I uifT^ ri ,i\» lands H,'"'"" l(.BI.»helm "-/"ingslonville Erot>me Center Bates Potter Hrfll /Oillioa rtCV *" — ^tone»»iIle Preslbn \ ^^oli/w // / /SWeBterj edusa [Cookshijigl ^.,— "•"' ""Hill / iOrl-enyiVe Norton Hill Greenville Cc ij y Corn w ally lUe E.Windham^^unsidfl / c Free ho i Pi'fltlsvillS//' Red Falls [winrflUm /-.„,,,^ >Oi "'^(i"'*' Hensonville' Jewetfto ^k; AjJiK^ skill Round Top y West Kill^ 'HalCQtt Cent* kill°Jc ~ failed DunravenN^ .#^:^^4^^«* / ^■^lt"»" ""'4V">^ Edgew^ '■7/ „ ,,ur»j£Ii#C yl"^ /Pine H.lWSw Shan Wen ■> ■>- -#*=*^rtr- o-A/ I)eliJi5£J:==5?>^Keeney6 \^' f x\ ^^^^Si^ ^ ^'Lanesynle /^umwi^ountain, -^' ^"Ri'shnellsvillo Hunter' Elka ?krk ^»»'-''Palei M Uf N f\ I N/S^ ArS'nn^""'^*''^'' ^'a. ^^npMapledale ^^^^ ^''"DAybrook rflT^ Piatt Clove W. Saugertrfr ^'Fawns^ ftvS**^ Nci^-lbuenicla Lake Hil WoodlandU hady PhjMant " \i) ,,,i\\0 Hi»JrtVo<«ib\(il/uLi„| , ., « .-I ,\vi!Vrhe Corner iK;I'5i««8tock>ltJ"aV "' f»»l ilide Uountainjj ^^^»W ° Wittenberg ^lontoma °' Rubyo Siiv^ldll ilurle] Jelhlehcm^eDl s \ E^Taconic y^ Siding f QBerlln EL A 'VE R Cei^r Berlin^ Taboi ton i.BeM / i^town ^ville a-Mettlehein rmansville Slitersf w'/eyjAiyf J* nhain^ HolIcA nbdfsh Sta. "S ^'L^ I>J...'^:^t?P.l'<-»('"^'^A ,Selkirk/l/f ""^^^kji^ \^ ^^^') olS.ihodackJ/ ^**4a?M .t;£Jt^f- - S' own CeliterS ig Cornera /^ Oa?r Wyttitiaiioi lO !»\ fBoboiUick LWolioc \l BraiQftP-.,^ — -y , . ,. „ ,(, . (V»Qalu*Bebi»iO // ^---VTi. / w LtiiWWK^ ^ ^ lll^ban«n o»ailia.»lll— HftlXlden/C-'^/Bi'l'/' jli'ls ^^J^u, JjUSprlnsa Cri..>lnB|V M.cliatlia/n> / 0\* £1'..''' o* »■■ ™^ — NiverlnJyfy K /c*» VVf^«*»° UbanoaiWi/ "J^^ ^Chatli^m/, E /ce*^*' ' TifTitl^ tfSli\£>bsanJj I Empire/ Fall. J , Vxt^S^ Xjoi;iiianlo\^ (^Otencoe Hills iivio^stoa , I wui II — v.."M -,-^F^— 1 j-SS-^aghkaiiic ^, , l/sa/^/ #// yV ^ -i-V W^aghkaniCo\-^7>„,hV/ Copake »61is4_^ MLVj/h „ C\ Jflno store. ^<^'' AiS^' I,ou^k«^»l)p 11 Jdsod* 1 I Viewmonle w* ^Maiiotton N,CoFpkj '"]">/£/ J/ Clermon^L/^ ,c?^ W.Copake^ ^anaaj ;ii rt/ Uppei iTCPa Km Ho^ 'fc/Atnikii^fir Tanntra/ i,— yiteadTMi w rOi^at BarrlugtOD as cc Ashle? Pain 11 «V KIinSTOM •/ftej^yJBVporl tkeJgfBarry^~tJS'(r Rhinceliff Jc. 1 V 11 ul/Ma oQ^ / I P in^ I'lainsy '> iiF'3l^»y LTflK^?^™—, ,, .„„nelA X KV* :i»*imyville X, IT ,.Ji 'S^o ft) '"■i='Njn <« «- -^ /",_^ /Milan Briarcliffc o^■^i • «rf Q • v"'=l^1f^&. iFhi'iy °-1lI'. . J III \^\\\ Enterprise . . (" ^^'Vo/ oy — ' /B/UsBt»d J^F-i",, ' .y/Attleburj/ . t,y/8ti8slnp: ( cil ^'oij-jWl >SHuI1. Mills '74° 80' N 73° 30' Mfi 14 ilV Vill&tJ. / PliiUipsporft*' N p' 'A\\ ?y^x"'" "^1 sflYf ^^'al^fr Valley 'Ml cf-i yw//v^r'* M,iiton - -^I A^f'^^'mi \ Latiri'townP I / I V /■Bfatlekill ) as 16 117 ^ Li. ^°\ Uor '"^•|y''l'« ,x*MncshlS » .\Moi.nt.u\ V MoWwiVai./Map* ' '" ^ ' ""'" ''^ ^\ Moiintaiiiv ^,. / Dale *^ ■yjI/oiiipsouviUc' , ^^^Spring GlenN Riitsonville- Re<,l HillJ ^.Vri.PR?..,^,V- BruynswiL-k<^y iJHanulicstcr Btfidgfc /Lainofce \ Freed..m^ / /.jnit^ iDover Furoi Noxun / pes cjClove S. (Hawl')- MluiSSk J S , „ /Bartyviif- Sholfo] '" PouiK^ddy ParkeiW^lL-n'" o (Lagra'ngcv;*]!! Crouses^Store / Win| ^,- l\ ly rfv>., )= Clove Valley .»^ HJ^ten&rk^* ^ilvan/fBeekni^n .jBkmpi.inKVii'if/ I," V*!^^rNr Falls / '^skUnf^reiljr y ■*•■ \ Stonehi "'■''"?.^* \E.Fiiikill UJ* J '^AViccopee^ i Wli alev Lak fishkill ^ Shen^tloah /^^"''"'^s^ij^ faring Ml Eoud.Eddy k^o„iWriSodeffri6y/^^^^ #^S^^r^i^'^P^ t7T°'"t tX^ fe"/ lj «a.„,.a^^„3jr^„.^y^,..#^^^ late I htA '•;* i» V^ 77^"" '■'*°'' J"' Y/ ^1 /Q. /'TomVlLf/ /yjlonu.X U<--I«lil)/ ^ A /C yPiue Island ■'V/Emplre Qur"-' LBuchuck /aien\^6J.U ^^Su •e Kav BranthviUe THarshall Creeks Pgdensburg^ TEdisun V Slate ford ■itSk* i. *■ J*^- VSa^j-^/Ha I ncabu |g Portland]^^gli,n,,,ia i^SoiittiSeldgj ^m-.nvoud ^keACir gierh^TV] (K^.;>» ^'' Grassy « bh* GM. LftA. N Dd l\ T'Ci'^SJ .\kl«<«'" NPjrilJ /l3^'Sj!,.v„iifcil (\\ t^J»urghyv^ m- Jg *;/^\*thT*iiio^oE. While Fl"sO Pallai&5e'KJ DfbW f e£iKi"/"T'' IS Simier ville •{. ^'^ fZ 'i E E»se.yFe|ijy''cSdwell JAoDtclair Kin W.Orange S'"''? ' . .^A tVCollege PL S 1 M ^o^\a lUifi^ .J JaiK? Roaeller Plainfleld / ,,^.u«cD Kidgo'ir/^XpTtfi'llaDd Beach IG S'"*. "'*«'. JS \u ^: [ItOfl /'' V 4 'a, V -V '*■ ♦» i.Sandy Hook I M Longitude N^ 146 o Windsor LockeJ 72° 30' Htlroie R \ N«y Hartford I \ CuUiuavillefp Jc. LilcUficlJ/ I ) o Vfttertowon « BrookDeld Jcl' j Bethel Hsrtfonl ETUaUford PlainTllIe ^ New Britaiiiy dwilliiiiaatic Culchester "G fftorwfch vvV-*. \ New London 4lElotida Stony CreckA '""••^i 13 15 /' ./.; Br/dgeportl South portii>' NorwalkTj I / O 5 V ^u\lf Tcrre JKt.S«lunga-> n > ff Melville Thompsuns ^ <^ { .BoX,mia ^HW^'i s,*°'t JV / 'N' B.lhp.,, /S o jli5J«l <^ Baiting Hollow- Jamffl Aqucho^ CalTcrton_^ ^J/^'T/i ^^ ^W* V7'«.*>e\. "*''■■ ^-t^-^^X^ U Plunder, \ T 'rP^„ r:;:'r5»i!r»*^n.uL-«..veoro«« 'coram) .^r\ fr. V,*^., jr^. --"^ / ./^' IHERS ISIAHD Orient PofnjL E.MarWrj^-^^^IJO^' ^ 3P^V /^N n ha nspl Manor t ,.,_ yio, Aun \ S hf-Itt^ftrilci g hts VSheItf< Und S» /Spring? / Noyack Roaq ^^'■*-. o W»i>sc6tt Water Ar,-,i^r ^7 osasaptJnadc AjutfffansiBU ipton IV.Sirvllle ^ ^lir=Tinelawn\ / Bay "' Bni^Jit*atffr«^->L / *i s t> ^ ]!f c A ^ japcoKUC Bcuii. o XEW YORK (Southern Part) SCALE OF MILES 1 2 3 15 15 2ff 17 18 Railroads .«___^^__ Interurban Electric Lines ■ State Capitals ® County Seats » Size of type indicates relative importance of places Principal Through Auto Routes . Other Auto Routes ^ BaninoDd'B Complete Hap of N«w York (goutbera Parf] Copjrisbt. 1916, bf LMJ.llnniniond .« Co., N.Y- 19 '3"30' Oricnwich o R 147 148 149 c 78*10 £: ^^.. Nj [llrfCor Chajitnu fSb^rniui Clyni«: Lake\ U. > 1ktdUn« cSv(I.ak^j — ^.t^upufprojM 'E_S-^ ^jjfierm^nj DtemkrTun M»8t.wL. \» Cmmt Till III 1 1 T2iirh«« A> ""'"oO.lfon W) ErTs°""'T'""*""""'V I \8i.Uo -^ * Ilaiiiaictul'i Compleie Map of PMiDijlTitilft. a Milli/BniBdoB.ill./ nilijMiirtrol B 79*30' X) 76'30' E 73* Longitude B" 150 rHU* ijd*ioir-v»\W J ..I ^ — ^' >^ — -o — ? I I'l >' I I nWwTil F iTli ry ~B Hiiii|P|iii II iiliii II I i''itf I' 'W^f'W^ vtm r ^ ]'! -*I^J»™.j(SIlll« ri?€S"3te^^M pEartjviUe La4l (TkV'-Vslbsfe" 'Montagu. Haloenvillj ^liawOr.^., Sc3 ^I^Mi°ijp|^^ mtitoX Co|wlU JUJ^^ >Urt iii»^ lO :.)■- U llol /l« Roct jnas/p*^^iyv'"'"'«j w.ji„i„./,J|^ ""'••/ Olaaslior^ II from G- Greenwich 77° H 76'30' Iv 76^30' M 151 _\li*** Hl«Hon*v PEikLlck \i. Dm) CookB U1II .*^J> LRiobmond Furnace f* (RijhniaadUu.) Ne«dmor« o QNi>rth(!r»fl ■, >^ ^°°^F>T"M§S);"«;;^^^*-SCTI 3 ^ FnnkvllIeV v 7 — f BwaotOD AllaifioDt *■_ r~^ — kj 9^1^^^ DoDcldBonpO' i^/^ Elk Garden lOffuttir ^ WaHmftn^ir*' /^ o Hart mona villi .*.J^^^ V/, ^Pawpaw w. Petersburg reters MARYLAND AND DELAWARE SCALE OF MILES OS 15 Railroads Electric & Steam Bys, Canals National Capital -. .-® State Capitals ® County Seatsi> Size "of type indicates relative importance of places V \ Molt Atto aS^TSt01>jik/B»Jtb =N" /c, \ / WhitM laiyF^ Miriinsbfinr) < /■» 'I V--'- y fflj, .° T PoJlefdu. ^ \ i-rn^„ f Sugarland^^ Bliieuiout .^ Calverton ^u 76 "i&' Greenwich Oakleigh ov. .^_,^-^-2i^2^^^^ BALTIMORE B^iistpn ^^^jg^'l EudawiSod AND VICINITY >pard ^ FUhing Pt. ■^,Sall^Pt. "uii'u l*JI^>»l/ t^^ Carroll M anassas^Occo 7« 30 ' 152 llllSWICTt^ Eastport jiiarD jimj Ridge IIP, * O^'S^ xOr'^sionY <^i^'M*' ^ Kut H^'llaudillle Tuxedo , o woddDiore\\ { ^VBt :^i DELAWARE Kiu» ilummoek Fourteen root JJank ,aMiftt£r BE«H Light ,FOAD NECK HAY JSdiuIjf Pf. .ClarlnPtK IChompsonvUlc ^ 4^' . - - . Jnkej IWBBiiABprlngi ilcKeiidr««o lUe^Tol>nBhl ■ (0^^ - rrj '"dor .t„ N / PorfTol [ V— -MdCoccb IronBidea llfflbsp MWelo iporWWboH'n Middle- Wh'K^pUnl Mali |Green, LinoolD F]8ttj'tonvmeL TIlendalFJj BanlopBi Q^^l^l/o^ii^^kv^C °Mldnay "-' -i^il- Vji;u.i.T. 1) ^'vVilU nj oT*^ Blacir Walnut Pt. . ■^'"'''4 * V^, WlUdwi *n ' . « , V/um J^- SHARPS 1./ '"'•)' WliBrf t\ 1. -// Vw.Ll ' yiBUndi Ai&t'-i,, . ,, UppeT/FelTyoWb»JlaI)a#JV^^~ ^ fj.S^J Clara,-, Lavty(a(l~j;&c,* _^_ , ' t«J . . /qI - - K, SlcKiklej^ Warwick Trinity;; BlsboplMiknittowi ',o8lpt«iaent K^ fowelWUl^ 'oWango KOI — (, I t. J 'r'f/^.J'vxSTw..™ rliii'''''' J' Mill" = /-i^OsctuVro 'r^ '« B Landing Af"! Citj \ ^ ''BammoDd'a Completa Uap of HBrrtud ud Delaware Oopyrlght by C.8.Hnmtnona ft Ciw.W.Y. 36 30' Catron ..MSj'oVw 'J A'wbtiC*"*'"*' V _Rondo Gtute/v »ehl^ hPleMantgBpJf GMd«» SUlMvIll = Kentuck Urookl/-o ^J!^*"" 'i A L\I ^ A"X, Mcidvillf3v»e«tlierj\ Mcllult ' UtDjRoad " . Mill fu"U«on]K^5^**^;j Raiuble 80^30' c E 7&" LodRitude 154 155 E.LIveriMji*!- sWellsvlllw NORTHERN PABTi( OF WEST VIRGINIA"* Samt SeaUat Main Map Indian y(„t o -ud \trnoii oSewdm\e EnJIwiil \^M»nin6-W E ToZ E L Kodoll >Chiia. o Aihw R"* °M.,h.II Unle Wheal Sincerity &_ i I ronton '*«z K Vieat o ^ Litll. °Newd«l« Eadlcott llundfci_ cBebee De»no ^f"^*'"! Burton lyM d Tr w ^ ^" olioilol\> W,.'E T 2 E L^-'-f'-'^lS*- r , -o ""■"•''J, VViocn »■ W"I1»I"'- Huel°fc,„|, oKjutn^ \ A^O — — !^^^K!:_ti!ite^ Con..„o Vt-S«l Arcb.W-. MUlo] \^f«*SliUo>«i!: Marietta^ V^lcw / Toll OaS^si'^^^^^ A^^^^^^^^^k .nW. W Kikwire' ft. SktililSvX Toplnt Gr. I Alicfkrlan < -■■+-' - ^ 'f.^.. " r^-^ M,„l.ml :SI ji^ /Loit (reel '""-^ ''■'■nstuwu'^ [Run Eluibrooko k Uupoldo Bt. <-J? Miutml.;' V" '^^ Auburn ^^1^ " »/ Fln^ Churcliville .*:■::; 'Jf7»i^l?»-^ uw /■" CoiB Mllle ^.^j Camden, I >— 5 Rackets-' Sbermu ,. Bilverton i GaHlpolisj ..^Uartf. „'-.W.Colun PSpilmuk Grab tfMaggie J Bu f'oidtuwu *^" »^ **»'■ Schu.jiboi flVr cFlklrmtk l^ABb irigbton vD 1 1 wi., Baden H/T "~ A ■%. ctvC'i'' '' ^Fnwd^VgLoub'h I J^q Alfred Newberno oBigsp^jlogB Jokel GraDtivIl^ '}j?"Hj X „ - Orf ?•„ CABELL Bi ibudCAplin JiBel^veo ' £,Oul\, Fletcfae^ ilgby .f> °CountBTJIl« ^-Oki Brlgbt ' J/CatletMburg^ Kenol Inei oFudga rvi-av 3f Lett 1 PCenUrvilleC PPfaUoak uatlflt WidMOkr i*°To.oi,i 'Gl.i.rlll*!''>-tlXJ""" "F-lll. GS I L M ■■ WiibM* MurUlo S' L o E W UaMg. oGillooly y -^ 4<;uen ^ ■ Fiiisler / Vandaiia jiocu J 'v«nl„ ...i-r^ij — likburnArnoldaPrtO* «-»ille 'f-J^^^aJBi '^^* ' "^P P s OrmcT Millard g - -Hut T'M««TR'cb2ri^oni>S" Wellinston *fcf ^'■^''"' °'**'^" -», ' Morford r CALHOUN Smmpt^own Cedarvillfl' 65h'illUo G«ux rr«Wb«k"'5'fii„„^J ^Valley -^it;!!^^'^")^' Q ^ L ° *£lnk ArnoldBburg ll r, RenDie>'^Cutlip St*,/ JJonn ,rTlushvtfleo Erne«t \^n_„. I Perkina .^fnapiVCutlipB'^J; RjlljBouf v,,,., LwoWalnutGroTe ° OitoVJl««'> , Froitn\ -^ Cfc. Exchange? lie«tetft^Su,;,,i,, , . Ji^^S ,Zo2 A ' N E *'7\0rnut Eo^"^ -*-'F>V^.Bedi!el>'£i«''7r/ Vo'"^ FSftlfc^*'TM7rr^V'J 4£ r --" "lr^"#%Slli^-oNa ,„, ,, ^*- ^Glendonr?^ o oCiifleld , .. , -M^ .,:... .. r- Littlebirch Uolsteadi k. c'i~-sO''»'>>'"''V-^s^"~^=?"'''°*^''.«°%"°'' 't'' ■'""'■"a- .Tesl*-^""^' (ArOete") ( SbeM&CCo,,o / SwwilaaSI Tuigollhrleetlej' Iranc^eld ^mitb ^ Mj» ■p I, Jtiidji i g.8tiUner !>■ ^' J-i-^IahsvUI^ -^ 'i Quaker Spry/; awkey^Train^Sodo r Ckve Fork^'^rf' Bulger-jyBP^ _;DSiiv^gj',™sjuiiik'\o,B..':;..';G»i( j^harleston _ . ,,p UmovEl Upper Hodom ^Big Run ' Ko?aa /Wanel >- ^&^° ' « Kley iarleoa Sla. " leara t-i^mirloJvuiB '-^'J'P PeylomP^' .„o Allen \ I T^ ^^ Poster T^V"! Setb; syw -•) ' \Foui «uee'nBRjdge7*iip\ J'reBto n ^e'"'*\ *" ^-bur \ ^Greeo>^ inn;';""" ^' "^l^^-^'iir^'^T^^Sfi) ""■^iSiv 'ofr'','"& ,8E.n"~(S.^ UugbeT i\ If" ^ Fort Braflift \ ^*>--o Ettfef Blo«loii/»,/^Ba»5tac^6l/°r 7°^McC«i."«ll ^^.^JBaPaugaludt /jP-^-l_ Vfl^'VP^-Crrvlt^jj: Slm.lT V„Poplar " — ^ »-' .A-'- ^1 "Manbw "■-— ' .Oph.ll. i^,,f„4 kilibo — __^-.'^.!Sjt>Wt,„ FayettevUle ©oWVi^^ Hughar^; oLau^iabui c \ S'^PIl' ^HaplexK^ X Jlaaseyrfvilleo ^ a^^^ " -\ jAmeUJt Damarci. .„ -=A,C tieo c^^^o p « ^J PoBeyo 8u..«o»."a, )=j,E^kllckK.,,„„k Q,'-'°M ol Veuo Elton ^ Lor khtldfl* .,,..■- _^ »:»T».vG r^iSulpm Bw Riohiig)&(>i ^ S«i A °Ab A^'siaker k^Mill. ( CofTuian ^HolA PattoqJ SaulBvillft ; Newfound oebraucb Mulleny .Eliuore,* TaftV. A.nii'"' J^'^- VbM"7^^ r ^Oi ,_ae^ Ebgli. !oi,tu>>2h«r,Vs VurabamU Clorerdale ^ ■■ -^ n 1) in Loiifcitude 9n'30' 156 «:^. Lynn ©c^], SSM?s*^^' te yANCBar(0. 'B«imi?i,iiv7..V''>..vni9»».w.ii„/<5|a''''~i >>ii. Di,i,iii, ?iii«d2iv\\Tj ".^-^j: - ■"^- i!>"-.*i t - "^'s^'i V-i=.t^--^'> "f ■ " ■■' r,.^^l'.'," «°/i.ioX„/ \ I (fBoTTSorpuutoB , ^Lpahjn* , , SberrilTrFord] l^ug Id.BXonftfortr^Slftwsli f^ufolli^^lun. Spa. jj^_ f PbjilftT '"it.'"' J " (iMdtcnufa Jo.Y»y^„iMmW'> , AoN^O L P ft=»'9Lsi tgTOfa ' — .1..... """'''? iu.oo.'l faF,o.i, r^ •'"•'^St, -I— J 2tlS27jiw-,;?;v^/./E,g^io;i2^,„j,,f/l.ii^^ 7^-JiegJbl^*;l s- ,o y] Yorkiitla Rockhlll> ChcsterL 'ineviUf . _^'«nlo»Tllll •"'•o' i*£^ AoiootUlA '^ -• ' [ oLUtlcB MillB V^m^^C-i Spri"K' oPuwettoa i R 1(1 H M N D/ _/_SJJh«rdeIl ydMo Bluff/ tSiJ-«*»'" 83°30' 83^^30 ' XCbilnK^l-flp -'- - P„,, : ^DdMldaV Klneitol" /Ro«l«nd Jfii -O. DarlingloS Florence ' ■Sa/TT^, ^'>. S. A,.iii./ 'SeUers w' <1V ii C.o«.f^ M D E F T^^ao' Loiigitoile Ct ^H 158 75°3U' /s,1> ]smTM 1. A T J^Frying Pan StioaU Light Vttael »tn H Greenwich 78°30' Cap* Looktnd Skoai9^ Light VuMl ^ 34, 30' 1 Principal Through Auto Kojutes . (Ithor Auto Routes K m; KORTH CAROLINA SCALE OF MILES 5 lu 20 30 40 Railroads „ Railroads Proposed ^» Canals _.. State Capital ® County Seats m Size of type indicates relative importance of places ■*■ I Hammond'* Complete Hap of Nortb Caroltbt. i O oT^ytlght bj 0.8.namgiopl ft Ot^y.T, 76°30' JS" 76° O 33" 30' 159 Fmnklinf|l£ \LkU 1 y o D TB}nae . 'WTunmU "A l-rattto-ii-r™.!.! Sutmydtli l;^ ISOU. ^=>-^ewp< EL E/ \ /*'?'y-i/i2i*''jfe?, r^*rv v4?yy^. txTHf J^r^^^ f Clarkesville Tail.. jri'I^ie, A^'ta^B' ir~^'5^"'Sfc- s^^^^^sSiM^^^^^ -'rLoiiH^^iil. iCenttriilla » ;VK „ >^ ' , «\ 1 #V tF--^ I Cely Ct.fr/ oS^j\rm'imp / , Cb»lineirJ- /T/giW Telita ICare^iV oodvUIe PhllMD Jack's Vk ^L^^Ada ^Hopewell fe \ < J, OB!«Sr.HlU'l{0«'H"ii j Bgfai ?J HoodatownS-^ zj ^ Ti'htJeBTHlV-x S Vr jT Bullock Creek^ /(MrCModli Buijf-vJ|hai y Cree^^ I WnrJlnP " llal.tllvllla CI Wars Kl.{.atf?\ OWnpnUe y PfolJ-l'olnt^r) / a\]b( B; E I -JCokeBburj ''O lElberton 0%' ' t' y L(-baiion S._A. Ai'IiIkiu DutilajiV ^v \ >Biiiitliso.iia ''^ 7 «/\ ' / I \,_Vrawfurd f |^!**4^iugtuii / CroBram Etrafao Manila Cfcrroll ,_ cBui.....v~. "..A^'S^-> Luke/ J ',, ^ \-troilitr t^ Wlnnjboro'v -, -».>j - Re\iKi .I'ttrr'T ,,. >-=-<-r-'''^'E«3ktoBV ^,1 „w» m. . , '\ ? tflk^llWUU ,^_/l,-,,T t 'f^tli/Moiintrme bprs.i) =yr«' ^ ^S.* Vauelmaville ^ o)/bMlver.W /^ _ ^ Uttlc Moi _ 8130' Longitude E 160 F G II rlotte A Jl.jAt^ :R oDUlo ' ■" MiddeiidtSff Mb ley-i Brjuit/ /'^,'^MtK^B/R S^fi .Small* ,„Mjnl. y^i Lujoir7|(|4N,*-R;3cTJ eLuach-' — '' Thiriiiai- Bptlily^ Pitclu r o x^ uillet ^laltheiysoiTys^ Laurnf Bennettsvil3c Ouslcr N , - Greetiplain :^. BctlnuiJri'i"™"!' T?-^ *\»- Leland Stokesbjldge L ^«jaE jA^iEYo.. iditta ■«■ \Elli«(t; '^Tlnlpioiuijll,. Jay« J— -^^iH.sy„, < Lurllir^- ■ , /8„]^ ■^ Kooncfe/ " , I (Of N , , Bnlpas^ b'/Kaipi ^{fc__-^ A- "^-^ \Ao^i»l :;:wiillvM>U Ferry. /g M.Tson.y S_'?W^"^ ('Blanche YTelSrnacle / {Ec'iteiMJ^xile^ , L^ \ v^ Hinniui) X^O- Kfinjs»l>ili„ ^^ \0»ktoi I I II "»"■"'""" ^^^ T_l. „ * Waiii{)ce „r^ f .V^ ^ K£.■;^5^^< y» "Vl^jnesta j»,«ebBrg, \_!^,J^ /o °lLa R/E "'°l:C._^'.l: N Kinitstre^^ Benson^ "{ w-rl, I>/7\i /A M S B Jrcclyville' /^\ I V -.^.^ BKTV^Jt ^ Mel _ ^ Bowman/ rs I, V \; iliree ;' KcevJ;svillen!i Q y ^ Byrds 0\h i*fc^ I Mike^tv ^ \ (Sidney ■RayeutBioiiiivv r '^"y — n v j j ■vij Omega \,^Oi^ V, -■ ' ly 1 Oetsingcr >\ ^n'alt(>rboro Cj ° L '^^ ^ - -- ~ ""Vo Br"a...-.-^,V Block-; lj^8»> v^ Bryan — '—^--^ ■''"'sl^^nderSonviUe^V jejlarli-fcranch c . ilwrrl I J^7 Eadytowi^iP Cniinors? _? I fS on ■ 1 V^ Uy Hill ^ ^' * Chicorajj ''(^I^dridge »ce Plnopolis, ■ivddvn /"^Vf* ;^/< Cliiir^hol Mouz2lNgs / /BrockiutoD Fowler > *> N>9inith \htdoBy. u 1. p filtfcUei iin ,,;wo.« MornsvilleVO - -/^\ «ay -■" " "/tf lutkSTUleft,':! JivfipiTCjo j Singlelfjn y . '//?< __ j/Bucksport Oaks ^ fe^( \?7t»Xw^ '^ ^ au'hannano--'' (| Al v'jpLnki f. 1 p. t ^ rSl\{ fiiirjii-'ss Stalvey Miycfte Beach JHaiid NUuDVille/ Vauglit*' urcol ,, Pine IsuDC \ "5^ "5- '9 %■' > • eau I VW.AiidreCB'^-^js.*'',^* B R s f Ijongridi Monc"kBCuroyi\A. f "^i,^^, irbeth Janifstow^ MUe iSldlug Brthcra /v- PalnrervIlK T! ll, ^*- .. .. ,m#, uNvPiuKOrove -floue>bljl -E / ,/coop.?°°«o'' 7>>V S& Jrj^-df/l^ ^Drawbridge /JL \ t,i* MrClelllnville ^OH.S)'* ^,,^«>"^^^-^^ ^^^r^io^^f!r X"'"^'*'*^ -"g*' ">» Q t^^'* -^"^^ Routes from in OrceowJch 80°30' <^J«^Cp ^ 33 30' l"^ Ai^Qaodale SOUTH CAROLINA SCALE OF MILES tufi Say lAgUt IULL8 I. 5 10 20 ^ Railroads Railroads Proposed \> Canals ._ State Capital © County Seats » Size of typi indicates relative importance of places lO G I-I Bwnmond'i Com{>)cte &Up of Boutb Cv^IIsk, ""X^rlBht bj C,S.Uftiiiiaond 4 Co«N.X,. K 161 A. S5°30' 'l^ N /6 rIV, T ik C A IK of. L B l'«^^""« i Uwner 2/ o M niiiij^: Harris VJL Visattc L~-Vrro»ley;3Bari.t, tttbiiii Ga|> Pine UuunUi MouiitBia Citj A.8S 30 162 163 -A.85°30' D iw^ki^i' mnke Jc. (E.A.Jo. ) wC PowIt\HuntiriKtoo Ci L A/ -K iiilliviUe liin^ston passer Leesljurft I lloiiderion® lEIko/ ■■'"'^ cV Snow PU fj Wallace^ ■y sou. ., ) _^r' y-,w ^ nblcSr VDulKjia, K, IB^romviUe «*i,icliurat Tippetlville J , BartonvilleO *, GrcastoiA K'?.\ 4-)^ X- — j_ — -fci """fi " .^x'B J »" ■^ '^r-'-' u^ou A'tar i^s^^oc'- "/llaiiic-s «? / Mal,,Ci?rvi-, L / \Talmad6e VvvV — Kramer ^ kjchelle^ . '^ortez** . \Befl*i «v' ^wens»>oroC^J\>T VT ^Jalmadge ^*\V^J"''*J■^" lakficld.^-^ / ■ \. v,^ ■" Walters >- Aniicna ■Century/ ''of relate r r^ ^-^ / ;/ ^'T'sotil ^^ ^Morgan I t\ / ofiJ-o--^Unj J^ 'Albany 1 .. .^ ^^/i^^'^ I WilJiaiiishtirg"^V„— f Bryimt _, 'Pcru^ f ' - ll«hely">fcl 8 Rowena, ■^;^^i'l2■lMi]lc Post ]A '^j E, .-,. - ^Daiiiasoiis) ° iiJamasc ill iSeld -/ Ccdf r / IjoSprn^iJshllieia TO>fI.,i^§~ Newton 3 ^Maloiie GEORGIA Southern Part SCALE OF MILES "licnmiJa'^l^la ^teaiii Mill -NX D "b? •^ Ji,. KeyiiuldsviUed W.Baiiibriilg<>Jfc2i?'"''r"»« C ^+ Kaifnni. ^^-^-TvBridgcIjoro *-i^ leister/ I I rt\ ; ■ ■ \Pnl(lietts ..ugl: *Duffee VD.Auii Va I Pilieltav P_ „- JIansen<^ Sale Cityf*; Akridkei I XJ „ — -dfi i^iiiiiaKi'V"' '^"' S*" VVcrUlaiul \^A (^ ''"^7 \sfcsbee \ \ -^N \. , ' " V^ Jackson^dj. ^ ."^^ arts^cldi^S'-l'le^ I 2 ^ C?***'"''*'"\ o^ S\NVliig!,ani\ 3' t ■»;. Res .okjFnrdV TS'"^V^'nil4 ~ C ^RJB\VVE' . Ca|)lulo°\-IlXtt!rs t^-J^'Ji* Vi»ia jiirL'e Jill K V klcdB?3L0rlal|d tq\^Soperto» n'*" Xy*/ Curryi ^ /Avaiits WHEEJjER ^., Sha psa fcpur/ Z[ idct' Kiljbcc / Brfu =L .Lrpi in.lktouy I i^-.j... •« » Dinky , HAL„ _, , ,. Dink/ I SX^i Y ^„„( »/ ) Sflison J>^ VVVl ^^^*-w, _.- I?iiL'erf\ \ X >JPiDeo»a i\ ~^.IljucoI auii'peVaiX \ f\y^'ain1for ^ SCobbtown fEdiiav \ Danlon ColltaSf j^Lone Pond ]&uton%^ l^,^_ ".^ Uvilda/ Enal 1 Tk ^-^j ^ -vj -,,1 V IbuII , '^ XWiiiiBV X:i)bbville )„o k Lumber Cll in^lKct^ tClirlutni V "^ / CltrluttcvmeSta^ ■ V -^77^ \H.,h,:and-^* ^S^dii-^ "■' MillsC J \^Z^> LynnV"~0^!^(iford^^ '>fr^s,^ , „J^ y Maysi 1. ^«;^ Gral^alii»" " ,cnr\ Rup"o-?r6oaii vj 9\// -%S!iiilcy^"i''o^' Trinityo ' lileK/e/VBeaVds Croek — ^~jt ..»<^^ Jff^H -^ Light iMyra { /H.iri-'.ws Bluff ^ -I - ^ Hoiii.iifrr-c /Dciitoo sXA Iw^ SurrtMicy I N/G Vt iiupnovkquru -"'^tl.l f^,^N|' ^^. 0> I TlufrayM^, le ! Y BeaebV I o iBigiil nctt /4?'M'*"'^ ^ vv> r *'\s''\ 3- la; Argyl^ Travisvili^ Honiervlll^^^^ C L/ lo \ Mai^ .i.a-'-'o, t"/H,a I \« ^, *■€/• Ui"llllg Clifton. , Belfast , (I T ' Z" \f I HIncsvUI?® 'N! fJy'Tb.l*. ^ )1 ir If YDoilald , „o„l„ Branch >^elniosh / ('VRodcriA Allen\,u;st.^;!£^ V*S?,'.?, 8>Of W''^?;'i\(W.l.lS»::%'V^'*''**^-^^"'^^^ Spur , Sound %.' LlTT^e WASSAW I, ^OSSABA^ tSLAIlD v-'^RIv. , Swa„,pV^t£^:iPrW>^a^""^;V:,i> ™>.o'^^^ ^C,,,/,.,.,... V* Patters,. OX'' , ^ Walkersvillev v^VBixoii Zirkl, ,0«=V^ ^^Haydfi.' P I E)XR H] ^E M ^Blarkshear so*"' S^'lialoys" Pl-cakc -., „ /i^anii .xfp>-° Njipiiiimifi M/ill \6T. CATHERINES Lai^T r^M C/ niaiiis^Vi.^^ y/Hoiiicstead ?*■' Pciidarvia "Vi A //Y N "■"■"•""""'aratigevil^ i «B.rri Mt.PleasaritV/ JS^-^ " •'*" 2.j!oi-'-...llurf lid / tN/£ Sl/imoii3 Island 4^ ^ .*•■/. .^im on Light* \Sl.i3i1non Sound /jEKVL ISLAND ^Lang Albxandcrvillc ' -A r '-— X_L I f tljJtonvill^ ,,- , F()lkit(.t« C H A R 1l T "F^ raders Hill \ i SWAMP ' , w„,. fBuriit l''..ilc U, C ( A \JfLfer~J Malluy^ lace QMa Tliatjb'ardo /bakers Mill D While f^ ypriiiga/a- ^IP- Warcli-niiy SI. Andrew Sound /^Little VuvtUrlattd L Light ICUKBERLAND yT^vrsi /ISLAND \, ^.J/Callaliau ■Zs,'",., G H /Baldwin JacksouviL 165 /Cumberland Sound "^ Amelia 1. Light Fernandina yOceau City iSt.JohnH River ,Jvyy£^yi>ort 8i°30' H 1 7 Hatnmoad'i Complete Ukp of OMtr^ Boutbtni Put. Oofijrlgbt br CBtHamiBOBd ft OBitR^T. ic ID G U M E X •«»..M.«tf "•""«' F INCLiA Hammond's Complete Map of Florida, (Northeni Part) Copyrighted by C.S.Hammon^ & Co.,N.Y. A. 85 B C Longitmle West 83 y 166 X) Greenwich W 80 ^ FLORIDA Hailroads ^ Railroads Proposed » Canals i_ ^ State Capital ® County Seats a ^j Size of type indicates relative importance of pUcea . Principal Throughj^uto °""*"" Other Auto Routes .^_ ^/JU?-d/'<--^ 167 B 84 83 G U M X 27 26 Principal Through Auto Route OtherAutoRoutes^^^^^ F 5 10 20 30 0~~6 10 20 30 ■io~ (Ughtnol- .. , LOGGERHEAD KEY !Tor-M: . Fi.'Jtrt.T..., BIftD KEY Hammond*s Complete Map o: Copyrighted by C.S.Ha 85 84 Longitude C West 83 frt 168 tSi^te* /petersbnrgHiillSBfenblJGlil''' 22 MILES = 1 INCH SCALE OF STATUTE MILES I 1 - =J— 50 GO KILOMETERS rKEY !Y TORTUGAS <^ ftCelCCA SMOAL i.CSonthern Part) !Co.,N.Y. Greenwich D 169 => 1 1 "" i5 ». ■5.- I g ^ p. = § ; §< ® -S a 3 ■ i-i « a> c3 o' •■;y,'; ■TpEDMOjjSONi ' " "a! " C A L LW W A Yiftfiil? rV^A^ .TnfeWn™4.AiL''"^^ *V J5*^.->1/ II I I "Hill ^ 1 TT b oCuvJii TOl IcDalcl WMrJw. S Bm^ijI ms^x u, BAR D*- A A N " LisfSw, ^- ■^*Sai»-4fe*;a^.>Kt"* L.,c.8J B :e F 30' o 87°£ongitude H West ^0' 174 ^"^^^^V--/ /"/l^fc if.^ " I s?::„i'ifes:;u „ R'|■iN^^^^^k^S'*-::C4»— 1,0^? :^ -■ffiH<-^J«-iw^^- t-' — - HMdiii III I li III ill 1 . K''/T"J(!OIVi*«.0 N- m* rt A T ■~ Ma(Ji«i)?Vi5 jJfibiS',"';" Tie'-'i"'/"""* iK,,;,., um I '''»"<> ^,ii «iiiOre ' f I R ^ K(' j,..i New W»terl E,F«irfleld^ E. I'aklltiXC/j " ^^ Bu^ksV SV^^**" 17 „ Rogers y5i«Iej'^* \ E.Fairflel ' Ski ° ^oC^' ifttet Calcutta ( East I.Jre3?JSv°S'^ s^ t v,^_£HitcarToJlton ""d^Ji PjVehlll i,.„„ II BerglU Nevr rO\ Atwojiajt=Zr>-S^al,ul CumberlondB J/^ui D«llroy* (e.ott am > '^Barricki AlBonquin >OA«deiau\ jmfw «rd • ^Wlotcrgreea ^ g„ ^g^,^, lOambier Walbon. Mound tOJBTl.__ ew PhiiidelpMaT\\5 y OpaUrmo ^Calumet, 40» 30' Ucbmgnd CastoDj ^-(OFlfhers ' la.Flfleon O.V., Kjj,.,, A \ jj B F F E^^S ] i^, .' ^ ^ ^ TunnelhUl) I W^ Hit; ^Op, *,, Ve/T '% VA Nj — jL •wcii^jCir'"/r J ' ■ rnin 'Oj> ' • , -x i^_ I Xlm \ LonfTUb DMrti ft-HTl*"" PlalnQeld^ 'Wnig Creek M H N O 8r30' Q 81- m'sv 177 lO 11 1 ^Uothjj OjfordVS oCtatfMi^=r---Mnwi.Mii«zt-"SSiN!i*l^\.SlJ«\¥u»"i»" '■ _ n?^ Al <^ K.. Aallocl, //.v.»5;i„ii„i,„,VA ""^ .acij„T,.'!X.''"""rB«i "'■*<.,, fy WbltfwA MartlDu/lUe X ^'' CuajtowDg Villadrille ^Ljnchljurg < I NewTngburg hll^m^-S^ \ ° Wall, ^>>fc<\(<^L. ^ ^ii-V-X A,™1 BuofaanaD ijien Jean \ LinnOi Cars Run. t ^-rv^ C 0. ■< fyoungBville*' UarBbaBriUe Cbeny Fork oDunback \ Uassl«2 \ "9 J VflT '/ S\ Cedar Mill*/ ! c? ri S BlueSCreek ■ A D -HllUfoik Vinejard i'/;; UaysvilieT Sptliigdftle M •i. :V^l»tileo S ^- — ^ f, ^ Clifford GallWdcN Stocltdalc cLjns \ El&k'^ lieMteys'KiTtO Tullpo '''Kipijle Koppo irlmei ll*rlbaj Ports mo uX -jToDga ( - ■ I ^ i \ vTondruno/^ 5> S ^Slout i ^ t^ o o D S4° B3 F Q- Longitude H West 83° from J Oreen» 178 TC 31 :n" o ppktoa ;own , Pu,i»„\ "r^i.futgf! wa.i™ii.ik^ m;A,, iCuernicjl, ei ■ -^i*' '■"■I lA-i- f^j« FERSON ^' ( k ^ iPlOBant'te l.ocuBt Grov» Dillo Otaeisoo/ ' -' < I Y OldbT-*^ M I oCl.ji.ii: '«ii I . Plm Ikcr Cit!f 5^''Tj'"'ne\YiIle ■" --^^ X ^'-^"-'^^ r^^^^ s|f^a(^« J Sprat?=:;^^%^^/f|Sv* ^Mt-iiliti iksvllC tVd^l! ,-J,m. p /^ R R'*'i.yiV^^T.*" "Turin,, y — A^. jUlyVV Dhiokton , jtNI Renrick HosklBSTllleo ilia BingbBut DKlgbt lO njurar C. 179 180 ^SM^ MICHIGAN I (Southern Peninsula) %c. ^ '"""SjO^!""!-';:*''""""-'*^'' "' <«.i.„ [l_eity,^ I^ XxjngiUuiti »(i- West from F Greenwich 85° 1 J^ ^'7^'9s^-f?iT,ctTl"'^^^ " 'N^ToiTlgrf 8 181 ^ sguJtii Piffton Bag A K E 9 J 182 183 L. SI I ^ 1,4§^ Mf- 184 , oiB~/U 'Rarlit'irgo Swoir- Onkland ., _5 Orange NFiIual ^ j uirt-ii I Islan.l j Dontn I Tlmhcr- Trre'g f^EarT^ (Jrind»f->nc t. I v j llartonettJ T !■ f Chnpman A, ° t \M-—\ Tuscol.iilv Ed3(. .^.lfi"«"|- I \ Rice fj lteV^F ' """•■"'an ^" JJkeiAsisnot I ^ ^R UbetyJ Vclg. lUrajiowB "|K-' -.rJ UPrei ILIL. ... ,L ( ^.c LochW .^S I rt I ^f Kgjn me MaHclI it Valloj I 4.-"oir.„I ^Sia^^V. W loiL, .;., U/E.ii.of aii > oP.II C N . CUj, .1»; ;fe2!J^ 1 1^^. Dunad 1P=^'. Monduvia - - ^. , -N'orden <5 F A ^ %. ^^V Ricknri ^^_:^. , 0le< dga I ° "Ci^ 90'30' Longitude G H. K ]Vt O SO'SO' B I O R X^logebiff '*4lJ^ Carver BajL .^ Pi.*';''" S„.o» ,v»V y^ — f *\\ J? ' 7f -^rEN..j:j(\j«.j s t^A y (/ ^ -He ^ i-^ ;•»« <^>'x'i:^^- \ X ^i \'^ k. y An i( 1 autC 'v"^ ( ^xA%2s£^ Huron Rher Pt. ^Pine RherPt. Big Bay Pt. WISCONSIN (NORTHERN SECTION) SCALE OF MILES ■^ 6 10 20 30 40 State Capital ® Count}' Scats® Size or type Indicates relative """"^ ' Importance of places ^ Grand Portal^ J Branlte Pt. MIDDLE i5 ?PreB^lue Isle Mareiuette Laughing^ Skol Pt. v.. ,1 ^Ev^ r.nleri'.r 4_: s. /cYi lV? [n/ 5, j . Fin« 1/F L ^/LoDf Lai -ipoppl «rfr~ JoNimur \ ^LiWe Tall Pt: f | ^iflfarlor TjBcLftODpgrt )whUefi8h Pi. SawjeifcftBojy fciiiliuy T s Principal Throi gh Auto Boutes ■ ^igt>m Other Auto Sou :< I P ; I ft»Ut»mg>| ^Uorr,rF.rgoTllkQ_ H O' from J ,es ^ V V V ^Greenwlclili. ffaiiniiDiia's Complete Mip of WIsuodbIo (Northern B«ctlon) Copyright by C.S.H«inmond t Co.,W.T'. JST ^ 187 90 30 ' J.fiiKitudc Gr Wc«t 90 188 I >o EWeri J . iMauitov 'oc N" O I 4 Mcag Cir ^ .N ^ 6? ^ ^ • - HiiDDXjfid*i ConipUta ITBp ol Wlsecm^ (Boutbero Seotloa) Oop^rlght bj C.a.UamiiMtidJtOehtN.T. lo 189 190 191 192 193 194 9fS0' ibrtl Mempbls Rutledgfl/^ oTenmili " .Epworlb _ ,_ i Ti iriaJHill I If ^''^ F, A N. Keli H E ^Mt-AIrj J.L, nr:: oberly }*"A'*'e8»o ^/[-(L^! Welcf o''«» Tull 'Or-v,Z^ Wi&RnDS "•y^y j Dftvenport [l 152 rl- / JRuoker V7^ irriebuTg Mitlnii Perahef leg '•tenbu^K I^'^lo Ilone / 3t ncnown \ Biady fluokjl \Vwn on Ulgb Point I %^\, f PerBti 0, iltlenburg "l^i .UloV nU L 7 Auron Va^_ iLino Creek D E MoDttc*) jb b |GIntet/BQjdB»llI«, N,'J» . .,'(|,,u,.;.s, >|JeffersL_^ - ^^^ PlummerB n IMilUlrook tjctivner ' 14D ^turl3 ,. Oms^ utr^ Pol t Spring I ' .-,, ,, "•"■•Oo I Ukkorjbi 1 o5/ Ks£?! 4'''"°*H.Jl,, * I HSckeiV OM^ nBt.Euiab4h lUmHj &tLM^ > "S H*wk»ye n G Greenwich 92*'30' =^ PKeadait UoljeoiTille UoIIdo ^?kr: U 3^ V 90 30' m; I MISSOURI Northern Part SCALE OF MILES 5 iO 20 Railroads- ^_ urgen, CTCfa State Capitals® County Seats® Size of type indicates relative importance of places Principal Through Auto Routes. Bther Auto Routes North Ili|e^^'X\^'^ ji. R 1 Jttfn N„r^ m ««/, Uuntlngtoti Spading' Uddo! It hlMD NwlitM ii.I WLA Y [■iledo RowlsviUo ''ni^a^^"'rL ^*'««/i4^'S!^ D^S fi\ , tuystown Aud PotfdJ ,C^k 1 Uop*o Loom CtM^ Welcome Fr« Icriakgburg^ LlD((g PotU 5 MONfCOiMRy <> A ^i^Sk!"' ■sSs?^ *— -%,^J^ L A >. \ \ \ ^^ J-^l^ W Jacksou >'«w Il&rmuDy j I Guatte New Hut J loiitKomery c^ " ay__^ .oBlgapJlnt PjndUtou 1 ■■' Wtrrfii J^ Becmoni 5/Clo er Bottom' ^ Xf Cedw Pork Llndelll o ail BlrdoS ,, ..J J . fTKoobTlei JUtoedooli / .Clemento/ Cyrene\ Eiit oAa|l«y ~llo^' pLo^vilk \M)*My Beilflow « *T"»»t^ _,-..._ L„-., Ti fitelt hageo° ijr Cmco :S "Pimeiwr /j^ ^mjvlll. "~~- 1^ ^^ -/ fbllo 11.11/^ -^ r ^ / >' \«r«:nn«Id / ■^ ^ VV-^ New Hop* \ [w^n* , BruMclii Foley 1 ArRentViUe^ ' 49- ' ,Trut idftil F "■'fl4''Wen8W« Cb»rito I «•*»§»• Howell p^. oNoeer ntiDiiid^ s-'V'u CbfcntlUTWlilleld' ^^Bwvetor, 5r FliutS!1l|| I , JoBepl j47 Q''fo4 '^'■^»' PerutiTj*- vUle ^, Gnffto Ekst Allot 5? /^K'°' ■ b'eldoa SytiQg ^jft J OC«ppeln Hmmbuiig ^■n45 S'^i-^llo'X^ife-i.MoJ^olf jJSw" 4o"«'f lo Owioiiio T E »? B Rl .'""Jri 'itMt.l op. t XTfioUm^'^ I i,..i+^^^''"rr''5Ji«f|^^, o V,Ho!fflli^a?^X^jl'KBBburjc I t^ r jAnthoulf i Mill HlQCH V»l.J^rtVButw tlkytr Pr'^^'|y~"^ f^a:fi'|^' 'p. Jl'? Uodlne .Ht.1 ope 4jfLuebbJng° ^^f nufi /_ 37 21 AfftonK 1 T ■jUigbKl&o Rookcijjek ^e^ jj, I H ^,„ 2 ■ >J^' 3 \E. ^Mortho^tt f. OrulM Triutt _ ■. \ S°H 1 ^G ToO N „, J^lKl o eioyd m ,«ol ^J-^SH^I t^„ L ,. vnI^ BlooiiiB(l«lekij.,(; ^^hc vf e v^ |H0 6rSy ou.^^^". Z.ll»i< K so'so' M 195 C ei°so' D ui,t*, I ■'' >y^H I fit s Vn 'i Tvf / V^^^&Ttf YI L A|-»tlA Y 1 197 198 i 199 200 202 203 204 205 206 207 in'siy A. 102° 101 DO' 99°l.oilgltmleH 208 K 97'30' x'aty N 96° O ayw 95' 94" W Mal.^il^a^ltwP 40° |vl'araller ■■ ljHa..7rll B H E t Suufluwer Frankfurt ili^-T^Kellj"! "■VcAiiliion \ HivanJ.' I '*'. , ^^e,p^—\r\ Corning r S^rs.l V ^ I oAriBplete ftinkler^at 'Sumner* ill* i I c""rL A& I m I T4 B WriBon 1 E Ti LouiBviUe^ ,7 "■IM6 "^/' btnolutu' Mldwaj' [■^"V?" //* Brld^cpoM Burt- NoMc- V! \^M0 P Hi R-S O-N- l V jtiiv Hhrr , jI> -.u 'k. vJd ;• I \ ilii I II I ' i| I S.i.y,,;! I ^ \l I *■ jTC«nl Jf^l^\-A^ ituD(lari\inm»p/ (^ I 5.'.. . / I A/^ ',SJ~:_ ^Sfti'kJ LI •Mi'-O- *4t V/T: I'. A 4\! 7^ Lcnycnwortlij ■S-rpi'ir ^P .-XP""""-? T si.W.lil..'il Hon/ *t\ ilj/K K?p sCr Xo Nj.STjBii.Jy'^-. '^^Tf.' cs£'i'^..r I* &5^ >*^^ '^^^5W^^TW''t'"'* i -i ' ,i*\)e o.m ]C '..-.tHy fr u_li <- iil ^ fr """" ^ - " ' iT^-i ' I '^^!m'1'1S .''t\.. Ir''' ,,,. 3 39° PPmrkcr t- lacMHlrlch .. J ^i' .lio Cor"" iiw«o* ^ h^ >Soutli Humi^iXBAi?flB aumboldt I Rom J m\ Clo^Tdale -'■h/a|u" ileneJlct / /^ l^- Farlingtcn _ ^Jlrtiilton SI.P»ii Gr<5libu»h_(jl \*-v -/ /* c t7 — i *^ 38° £i'-"';°raK'«-. V«^ I 'X "J Bsmioond'i 11 x IB Hip of Eaniu Copyrleht.C.B.HtniiDoirf* Co..y.r^ IjGreenwich97° 104* '^i A. c D E in G H s sU Storj /f Dnit I ndKw ,_ " G -t.Ro en ^ 3 V°, U >= Reinlngtor Aldl&«o I TowngBDd \ I """l Spring,' I PC TTS^^LTj-pp Ilalg \VTScotta H uff BruckbJr ' ''^^ , — ^ --v-- PV»£*/^ Cbiu El Gi 4 n/n e r^ ll..tii i Tk I Cross liar A. 10 20 30 40 50 60 National Forest Boundaries _x— x— <-«—«- Military Keservation Boundaries Vffffmm//mm State Capital© County Seats e- SizQ of type indicates relative importance of places. Principal Throuph''Suto Routes Bunmoo^Oomplete Map ofNebrukK Copjright bj CAHMnmona A Co.,S.T. 210 M»i.le GroV* =• O Scottville. o ' a y o o ^ J CelU Saratoga ( o •^ Black bird ilerrkk° |i 7 St.Uelena'-' ''^J^'V' "JJ^. Vermilion fW \ Q -' SFuidjce 01 !V Meek RrfliinJ 1 !>.- / ^ /S 'l^'O "■Sl^J^^-"' „ *V^ El SUakdl ts-_i>a'rl „ Middle^ ^^-^ Wlncetoofi^x #. „ Mill. WaQEi 1 /" S. SMartlnsljuy^ CflSiJii-iNiVistS I T briDchXr "^^..11. Mill. V^ r X S p I X N Fs'5-Ssb I Deed' f / i».(JUj y -j- *M. nte '-^ •s^lkiaon I "^ ) Storm-Lak?" _^l«Brw«er W ■\ »i,i,4.'"*-, Idkgrove E ft;. 'j,"JThurston ' ^ U R sfci/>0 N UaUle^'reek ■Warnervlllo _I A D I S 0| o , , Enolai Emarlck J Kalamaioo Madls I y^j'^L °Dega Pll?ei i^-mai'r. {-j^^^jj S»ri,uvm.^^ ^|fr/^"""4f PleaBanlbill (^ ?3 K...««/ f''""'^^'ri'»ll«o 1 X^^^" /V' Bj Center Y ^ i >)l|^pBB0h^X^''5O^ "E/tA?) Paulh I ,/Xai;ttt.j f piCTikDihiii I c3 ';;*'""/ f''""'SP''"';° • ^v?"" /v'*^?'?*^*^ 3 Hanover I y--^\>-' Xc^JCUIDSCll ^^^Bracfc'-*^ 'J^^^e^oat Freo°u.an° _ Jy^Ctab Orchard V^^ ^,£; 41 cATohlae , i^ H, — 2 , t-jp, .1^. '^ DoWlVit :^^"^"l-H""lfc7.M..6,^^ I 'S^Da ™_ L/> 3 Hanover | y-^^o" TtWCUIDSCIl ^^^Bra*-* «-A;«ye!£at»\IV H iFreo°u.an° JV^Ctab Orchard V?^ „,£l, J A''*''(|<'l>i°"'''^^^SA\>i^ 'te^a!,.^^-^^^'^^! I '*-^LewlatoD\ <^*\, I, ^ fttplOTPVI 1 o , \C (V<^ ^^^^ ^ ^-^ii^ >lStoiiinrJetfl 'l ^ ''""■"K2S| l^ Baruda rr\-^C\ 212 213 214 215 216 218 219 1916 , . HftmiQondVS'x'll Map of Now Mexico / CcpyrigH 1914 by O-B. Hammond t Co.. y.Y. / 221 Ukmmond'i 8 ^11 Vftp of Duh J C» pyri;b< by C.a .nKmiDO«d t Co-.K-T. _ Hi* ^ Lonsritude 112 222 223 WASHINGTON State Capital @ Connty Seats s Rational Parks -i-i-i-j-i-i-i-i- National Forests -x-x-x-x-x-x-x- Indian Eeservations «sy-'«»««««-'5«Mw Size of type indicates relative importance of places. B*nuiM«dVC«apT«t« Jbp of Wuklngtoii. Osprricbt bj C.8,Uamin«iid t Co^.H.T. 224 „ F R A VRlngoId Turner^ p — „»^L. z' i^f^^.^y^"^*- "-—';>„ B>. fe Jl„ T N eJ IfDayton P»8«(/ /WiSl L"Ui A /, wl A L LJjA^ '^ / i - '-■ ^ (PeL.,1 ^1 \ ^r', \^ ■d /T I /N 227 228 229 230 I '^ t "3. 231 \ 233 234 235 EXPLANATION Numbered squares represent Units of area. The Unit of area in which each place is located, is shown in the accompanying Parcel Post Guide. Using the Zone Scale below, measure from the center of the Unit in which the post-oflice of departure is located to the nearest boundary of the Unit in which post-office of delivery is located. With the distance in zones thus determined, the rate for any parcel of eleven pounds or less may be calculated from the table in the lower right-hand corner of this map. The Zone Scale maybe reproduced on a separate slip of paper, or an ordinary foot rule, yard- stick or a blank sheet of paper may be used and applied to the Zone Scale. For example, a foot measure applied to the map, shows distance from center of Unit 3158 (Aberdeen, S. D.) to Unit 3334 (Abilene, Tex.) is 5 H inches; applying the foot rule to Zone Scale, we see that the rate between these Units is to be calculated on the Fifth Zone basis. SCALE OF ZONES ti- ^ 2nd ZONE 1 ^' i/«' i^l. Srd ZONE 1th ZONE ith ZONE 1^7° 1^^ 1^ 154^ los^ 1^^ lyi' ■1°' eth ZONE I 236 72 2722 h~\ 78 3723 2673 412, 2622 2572 2622 2472 2*22 -l-~S-0.-f|J^H;,rl 673 2623 2573 2523 2473 2423 2724 2674 2«24 pli, 2024 2474 2424 ^h^-^ilLll:!™ L_J Fft 2725 267» 2625^ 2575 rf . iiJ26 W j!p^: C' ~wz =11 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiis»¥fff c o?,S \ \ \ \ \a\»\^\S\°\sV-»J \ \ 1 1 . . _ i I ' I \ n i\ ' 1 I H I I ' \ \ \ I AoOSliS* LiM M" ,\s,i".\"i- tet^^n^mS! i4ll26^ta*g inM"*\ 2373 23S2 2272i. |]2273 2223 ^r. ""t, 364\ i3l6\ 2ojol208otaofo20JieJo|^^TOp^ll Lj^ — 1 i I "JiP'-' 212M2071 2<»1 1871 '«' i^M „, ii7i\i32Mi*!Jr \^i,--iT6'tr'UH"5»'»\»l''\ A^ 2172]b122 12072 2022 217iai23 ini Wft^ 2072 2MU2b<'«h««M?^^Bl224-Jir^^ 1 J I \ — — Tl 1 W \ ...\^.ct\^X1 vTi U o\ c '7^^ 13 v^ ^A*"! , FIRST AND SECOND ZONE RATES Wfese- 35lHStt 2osf4««W^ TTT T T^M»Le33 1583 1S33 ll^]»fli^d 1 — ;j2033 imjma isaW^^^^ff!!^^^ aosrlioeT 333riH^ 1937 1887 ^nnTliiTrnrWJg !Wniy5l"=4^k 5^^Sti3 F OF 2«"l3f F} ^ I -^ r PABCEL POST MAPI OF THE UNITED STATES SCALE OF MILES MO 200 300 Copyright, by CS-Heaimond & Co., N.T. 1588\1!>«PV ilS0lTl5"lJ*M |15«| 14^f WtlKllt J ss Waltbl 1 1 II w«ii.; s i a 4 1 lib. $0.05 J0.05 181b. $o.u $0.28 *i lb. $0 22 23 "23 24 $0.39 «lb. M .06 .07 10 lb. 20 lb. .u .15 .83 .31 SB lb. .40 lib. M 371b. .41 4 lb. .07 .08 .09 .10 211b. 16 .85 88 lb. .48 tib. .07 .08 saib. iSlb. .16 .16 .80 .27 .28 8»lb. 24 85 .43 6 lb. 40 lb. .44 lib. .08 .11 24 1b. .17 11 lb. 25 86 86 .49 81b. .09 .09 .12 .13 25 lb. .17 .29 .SI 42 1b. 42 lb. .K »lb. 281b. .18 .17 10 lb. .10 .U 27 1b. .18 44 1b. 27 27 28 .18 11 lb. .10 .1.^ .16 .17 .18 281b. .19 .33J4Slb. 1 .4» lilb. .11 291b. .19 .80 .33 .31 .36 .36 46 lb. .50 11 lb. .11 >01b. 471b. 28 .61 141b. .18 • lib. .80 .si 481b. 89 89 SO .52 lilb. .13 .IS .13 .19 32 lb. 4* lb. .63 leib. .80 .81 St lb. S41b. .21 .22 .37,(0 lb. .64 17 1b. .3«| Jf t ZONES U9I !"« vf 1 71k ZONE A »• 8th ZONE I INCLDUISS BALIICI or 0.8. I 237 PARCEL POST REGULATIONS A general parcel post in the United States is provided for in fectioof^of the act of August 24, 1912; some of the regulations have been am<,ndcd from time to time by the Postmaster General. Section 1. That hereafter fourth class mail matter shall embrace all other matter, including farm and factory products, not now embraced by law in either the first, second, or third class, not exceeding eleven ^unds in weight, nor greater in size than seventy-two inches in length and girth combined, nor in form or kindlitiely to injure the person of any postal employee «r damage the mail equipment or other mall matter and not of a character perishable within a period reasonably required for transportation and delivery. Sec. 2. That for the purposes of this section the United States and its several Territories and possessions, excepting the Philippine Islands, shall be divided into units of area thirty minutes square, identical with a quarter of the area formed by Ihe intersecting parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude, lepresented on appropriate jwstal maps or plans, and such units of area shall be the basis of eight postal zones, as follows: (a) The first zone shall include all territory within such quadrangle, in conjunction with every contiguous quadrangle, representing an area having a mean radial distance of approxi- mately fifty miles from the center of any given unit of area. (b) The second zone shall include all units of area outside the first zone lying in whole or in part within a radius of approxi- mately one hundred and fifty miles from the center of a given unit of area. U) The third ■'one shall include all units of area outside the second zone lying In whole or in part within a radius of approxi- mately three hundred miles from the center of a given unit of area. (d) The fourth zone shall include all units of area outside the third zone lying in whole or in part within a radius of ap- proximately six hundred miles from the center of a given unit of area. ie) The fifth zone shall include all units of area outside the fourth zone lying in whole or in part within a radius of approxi- mately one thousand miles from the center of a given unit of area. (/) The sixth zone shall include all units of area outside the fifth zone lying in whole or in part within a radius of approxi- mately one thousand four hundred miles irom the center of a given unit of area. ig) The seventh zone shall include all units of area outside the sixth zone lying in whole or in pE.rt within a radius of approximately one thousand eight hundred miles from the center of a given unit of area. (A) The eighth zone shall include all units of area outside the seventh zone. Sec. 3. That the rate of postage on fourth class matter weighing not more than four punces ahall be one cent for each ounce or fraction of an ounce; and oO such matter in excess of four ounces in weight the rate shall be by the pound, as herein- after provided (see sec. 7 ), the postage in all cases to be prepaid by postage stamps affixed. 2. That except as provided in the next preceding paragraph postage on matter of the fourth class shall be prepaid at the following rates: (a) On all matter mailed at the post office from which a rural route starts, for delivery on such route, or mailed at any point on such route for delivery at ?Qy other point thereon, or at the office from which the route sta'.^.s, or on any rural route starting therefrom, and on all matter mailed at a city carrier office, or at any point within its delivery limits, for delivery by carriers from that office, or at any office for local delivery, five cents for the first pound or fraction of a pound and one cent for each additional two pounds or fraction thereof. ib) For delivery within the first zone, except as provided in the next preceding raragraph, five cents for the first pound or fraction of a pound and one cent for egxh additional pound or fraction of a pound. ic) For delivery within the second zone, five cents for the first pound or fraction of a pound and one cent for each additional pound or fraction of a pound. (d) For delivery within the third zone, seven cents for the first pound or fraction of a pound and five cents for each addi- tibnal pound or fraction of a pound. (f) For delivery within the fourth zone, eight cents for the first pound or fraction of a pound and tlix cents for each addi- tional pound or fraction of a pound. (/) For delivery within the fifth zono, nine cents for the first pound or fraction of a pound and seven cents for each additional pound or fraction of a pound. (g) For delivery within the sixth zone, ten cents for the first pound or fraction of a pound and ninf- cents for each additional pound or fraction of a pound. (A) For delivery within tiie seventh zone, eleven cents for the first pound or fraction of a pound and ten cents for each additional pound or fraction of a pound. (i) For delivery within the eighth zone and between the Philippine Islands and any portion of the United States, includ- ing the District of Columbia and the several Territories and possessions, twelve cents for the first pound or fraction of a pound and twelve cents for each additiooal pound or fraction of a pound. Sec. 5. The Postmaster General shall make provision by regulation for the indemnification of shippers, for shipment injured or lost, by insurance or otherwise, and, when desired, for the collection on delivery of the postage and price of the article ship[jed. fixing such charges as may be necessary to pay the cost of such additional services. Sec. 6. That this act shall not in any way affect the postage rate on seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots, scions, and plants as fixed by section 482 of the Postal Laws and Regulations (edition of 1902), (See sec. 7, par. 4.) RATES OF POSTAGE Sec. 7. Parcels weighing four ounces or less are mailable at the rate of one cent" for each ounce or fraction of an ounce, regardless of distance. Parcels weighing more than four ounces are mailable at the pound rates shown in the table, above a fraction of a pound being considered a full pound. 2. The parcel post rate between any point in the United States and any point in the Hawaiian Islands, the United States Postal Agency at Shanghai, and any point in Alaska, and be- tween any two points in Alaska, except for parcels weighing four ounces or less, on which the rate is one cent for each ounce or fraction thereof, shall be twelve cents for the first pound and twelve cents for each additional pound or fraction thereof. These rates also apply to parcels mailed in the United States for delivery in the Canal Zone, and to parcels between the Philippine Islands and any portion of the United States, in- cluding the District of Columbia and the several Territories and possessions. (See sec. 3, par. 2 {:).) 3. The eighth zone rate of postage, except on parcels weigh- ing four ounces or less, on which the rate shall be as prescribed in section .S, shall apply to all parcels of fourth class matter mailed in the United States for delivery in Canada, Mexico, Cuba, and the Republic of Panama: Provided (a). That as prescribed by existmg special postal conventions with these countries such parcels shall not exceed two kilograms (4 lbs., 6 ozs.) in weight, and (b) that nothing in this section shall affect the dispatch of parcel post packages to Mexico apd the Republic of Panama up to eleven pounds (5 kilograms) in weight under the existing parcel post conventions with these countries. 3Vj. The eighth zone rate of postage shall apply to parcels of fourth-class mail, exceeding four ounces in weight, ex- changed between the United States, or an>^ of its possessions, and United States naval vess-^ls stationed in foreign waters. When such vessels are stationed in a port of the United States, or any of its possessions, the rates applicable to or from the post-oluce at such port shall be charged. 4. Seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots, scions, and plants are matter of the fourth class, notwithstanding that a special rate of postage (one cent for each two ounces or fraction thereof regardless of distance) applies thereto. The limit of weight is increased to eleven pounds by the parcel post law (see sec. 1), but no other change is made. 5. Cut flowers, dried plants, and botanical specimens not susceptible of propagation are transmissible at parcel post rates. 6. Samples of wheat or other grain in its natural condition, potatoes, beans, peas, chestnuts, acorns, etc.. when intended for planting must be prepaid at the special rate of postage prescribed in paragraph 4, but when intended to be used as food the parcel post rates apply. Sec. 9. When parcels are presented for mailing, the senders shall be required to affix stamps before the matter is ac- cepted. When a parcel is insufficiently prepaid, and the send- er can not be located, the matter shall be treated as unpaid or insufficiently prepaid, marked "Held for postage," and the addressee notified immediately on Form 1543 (except as pro- vided in sec. 38). Such matter shall be held not longer than two weeks, unless the office of address is so remote that the postage could not be received from the addressee within that time. If the required postage is received, stamps of the value hereof shall be aftixed to the matter in such manner as to cover a part of the words "Held for postage" andtheparceldispatched. 2. When the sender of any insufliciently prepaid matter pays the postage, after dispatch of notice to the addressee, such matter shall be indorsed " Postage subsequently paid by sender," the stamps affixed, and the matter dispatched. 3. When the required postage is not received from the addressee within the time speciBed. the matter shall be marked "Unclaimed" and sent to the Division of Dead Letters. Sec. 10. Parcels weighing more than four ounces must be mailed at a post office, branch post office, named or lettered station, orsuch numbered stations as may be designated by the postmaster, or delivered to a rural or other carrier duly author- ised to receive such matter. Parcels weighing four ounces or less may be mailed in the same manner as matter of other classes. 2. Parcels collected on star routes must be deposited in the next post office at which the carrier arrives and postage charged at the rate from that office. PREPARATION FOR MAILING Sec. 1 1 . Parcels must be prepared for mailing in such manner IMPORTANT AMENDMENTS TO PARCEL POST REGULATIONS Subparagraphs (d), (e), {/) and (g), Section 3. are amended to read as follows, effective January 1, 1914 : (d) For delivery within the third zone, (six) cents for the first pound or fraction of a pound and (two) cents for each additional pound or fraction of a pound. {e) For delivery within t he fourth zone, Tseven) cents for the first pgund or fraction of a pound and (four) cents for each additional pound or fraction of a pound. (/) For delivery within the fifth zone, (eight) cents for the first pound or fraction of a pound and (six) cents for each additional pound or fraction of a pound. (g) For delivery within the sixth zone, (nine) cents for the first pound or fraction of a pound and (eight) cents for each additional pound or fraction of a pound. On and after March 16, 1914, the rate of postage on parcels of books weij:hing 8 ounces or less shall be 1 cent for each 2 ounces or fraction thereof, and on those weighing more than 8 ounces the pound rates shown in the table .ippearing in map on page 133 shall apiily. The rate of pokane. \\,ash 5053 Springfield, III 2319 Springfield, Mass 614 Springfield, Mo 2674 Springfield, Ohio 1719 Stamford, Conn 716 SteubenvUle, Ohio 1418 Stockton, Cal 5(73 Superior, Wis 2555 Syracuse, N. Y 962 Tacoma, Wash 5554 Tampa, Fla -, , , .1593 Taunton, Mass 465 Terra Haute, Ind 2070 Toledo, Ohio 1715 Topeka, Kan 2920 Torrington, Conn 665 Trenton, N.J 818 Troy, N.Y 713 Tulsa. Okla 2976 Union, N. J 767 Uniontown, Pa 1319 Ulica.N, Y 862 Vicksburg, Miss 2434 Vincennes, Ind 202! Waco, Tex 3085 Walla WaUa. Wash..., 5156 Waltham, Mass 464 Washington, D, C 1071 Washington, Pa 1368 Watcrbury, Conn 665 Waterloo, Iowa 2564 Watertown, N. Y 911 Waukegan, Ills 2114 Wausau, Wise 2309 Waycross, Ga 1586 Westfield, Mass 614 West Hoboken, N. J , . 767 Wheeling, W. Va 1418 WhitePlains, N. y. ,716 Wichita. Kan 3073 Wilkes Barre. Pa 916 Wilkinsburg, Pa 1368 Williamsiort, Pa 1066 Wilmington, Del 919 Wilmington, N.C 1130 Winona, Mmn 2510 Winston Salem, N. C, 1376 Woonsocket, R. 1 5U Worcester, Mass 514 Yonkers, N.Y 717 York. Pa 1019 Youngstown, Ohio, .. .1416 Zanesville, Ohio 1J69 239 TRANSCONTINENTAL AUTOMOBILE TOURS From material kindly the Jlps, the highest mountains in the interior of Europe (highest peak, Mont Blanc, 15,781 ft.); the Apennines in Italy (highest peak, Monte Corno, 9,585 ft.); the Car- pathian! in Austria-Hungary, inclosing the Great Plain of Hungary (highest peak, Ferencz Jozsef, 8,737 ft); the Balkans extending from Serbia to the Black Sea (mean height of the highest range, 6,500 ft.) ; the Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian (highest peak and loftiest mountain in Europe, Mount Elbruz, about 18,526 ft.); the Ural Mountains, formerly called by the Russians "The Girdle of the Globe," on the east of Russia in Europe (highest peak, Toll-Poss-Is 5,540 ft.); and the Scandinavian Moun- tains, the southern portion of which is the higher (highest peak, Galdho- piggen, the loftiest summit in Norway, 8,400 ft.). Volcanoes. — The volcanoes of Europe are, with the exception of Mount Hekla, limited to the islands and peninsulas of the Mediterranean. The principal active volcanoes are: Mount Hekla in Iceland (5,110 ft.); Etna, the highest mountain in Sicily (10,867 ft.); Vesuvius, a flattened conical mountain on the Bay of Naples (4,267 ft.); and Stromboli, one of the Lipari Islands in the Mediterranean. Plateaus. — Unlike Asia, Europe has no very high or extensive table- lands. It, however, possesses four well-marked plateaus in its western half: the Spanish Plateau; the Swiss and the Bavarian Plateau; the Plateau of Transylvania; and the Balkan Plateau. Plains. — The Great Plain of Europe extends from the Pyrenees to the Urals, and embraces about two-thirds of the surface of the continent. It is sometimes called Low Europe. There are also plains in High Europe, namely, the plains of: Hungary, between the Carpathians and the Alps; Wallachia and Bulgaria, called also the " Plain of the Lower Danube"; Lombardy, in the valley of the Po, between the Alps and the Apennines; Bohemia, west of the Carpathians and drained by the Elbe; and Andalusia, forming the lower part of the valley of the Guadalquivir; Languedoc, in the south of France, between the Alps and the Cevennes, and the Upper Rhine, between the Black Forest and the Vosges. Watershed. — The great Watershed of Europe runs from northeast to southwest, stretching from the Urals to the Pyrenees. The north- western slope is not so wide as the southeastern; hence the longest rivers flow into the southern seas. Rivers. — The rivers of Europe are equally distributed, and most of them are navigable, with good harbours at or near their mouths. CHIEF RIVERS DRAINING NORTHWESTERN SLOPE RIVER LENGTH (miles) SOURCE COURSE* MOUTH Guadalquivir . 374 E. Spain W. &S. Atlantic Guadiana . . . 5W. Z. Ripley, "The Races of Europe" (1900). •To be followed on the map. GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS 245 CHIEF RIVERS DRAINING SOUTHEASTERN SLOPE KIVBR LENGTH (miles) SOURCE COURSE MOUTH Ebro .... 470 N. E. Spain S. E. Mediterranean Rhone .... 504 Mt. St. Gothard s. Gulf of the Lion Po 418 Mt. Viso (Alps) E. Adriatic Danube . . . J. 770 Baden E. Black Sea Dniester . 850 Carpathians S. E. Black Sea Dnieper 1.330 Centra! Russia S.E.,S.,&S.W. Black Sea Don .... 1,150 Central Russia S. Sea of Azof Volga .... Ural .... 2,300 Valdai Hills E. &S. Caspian 1,300 Urals S. W. & S. Caspian The Danube. The Danube and the Rhine are the two great waterways of Europe. The Danube is the only large European river that flows due east; and it is therefore the great highway to the East for South Gernnany, Austria, Hungary, Serbia, Roumania, and Bul- garia. The Danube drains one-thirteenth of the surface of Europe. Its course is divided into Upper, Middle, and Lower. The current of the Upper Danube is rapid, descending through a mountainous country as far as Vienna. The Middle Danube flows from Vienna through the Plain of Hungary to the Austrian boundary. There it passes through a ravine 60 miles in length, between the Carpathian and Balkan Mountains. The end of this ravine is a narrow gorge called the Iron Gate. The Lower Danube^ after flowing through a flat coun- try, discharges itself into tbe Black Sea by three principal mouths. The Danube is very broad in some places, and studded with islands. Steam vessels ply between the chief towns on its banks, though navigation is in some parts diflScult. The chief tributaries are the Iser, Inn, Theiss, Drave, Save, Atuta, Sereth, and Pruth. The Rhine. The Rhine, the glory of the Fatherland, is the great waterway for Western Europe. Rising in two streams — the Vorder Rhine and the Hinter Rhine — on the eastern slopes of Mount St. Gothard, the Rhine flows northward into Lake Constance. Thence it con- tinues its course over a rocky bed west to Basel, forming several falls and rapids, the most noted being the Falls of SchafFhausen. Entering Germany, the Rhine flows in a northerly direction through a wide valley, between the Vosges and Black F'orest Mountains. It turns to the west at Mainz and then proceeds in a northwest direction. From Bingen to Bonn the scenery is wild and beautiful, presenting to the view high mountains, steep rocks, dense forests, vine-clad slopes, romantic valleys, flourishing towns, pretty villages, ancient castles, old ruins, and picturesque islands. Below Bonn, the river flows through a flat country to the North Sea. After entering Holland, the Rhine divides into several arms, which intermingle with two other rivers, the Ijssel and the Meuse. With these streams it forms a vast delta, which contributes much to the wealth of Holland. The chief tributaries are the Aar, Neckar, Main, and Moselle. With the Danube, the Rhine at one time formed the boundary of the Holy Roman Em- pire. Before 1870, part of its left bank was French territory; but since the Franco-Prussian War of 187D-71, both banks from the Swiss to the Dutch frontiers, have been in the possession of the German Empire. Lakes. — Ladoga, in the northwest of Russia, is the largest lake in Europe (area about 7,000 square miles); the other chief lakes are Onega, northeast of Lake Ladoga; Wenet, Wetter, and Malar, in Sweden; Constance, Geneva, and Lucerne in Switzerland; and Maggiore, Como, and Garda, in the north of Italy. The Swiss and Italian lakes are celebrated for the beauty of their scenery. Minerals. — Europe is well supplied with mineral wealth, more expecially coal, iron, lead, copper, and salt. Great Britain, Germany, and Austria- Hungary contain the largest quantity of minerals. Precious metals are rare. MINERALS Coal Iron Lead Copper Salt Zinc Tin guicksilver old Silver Petroleum WHERE FOUND Great Britain, Germany, Austria-Hungary, France, Belgium, Russia, Italy, Holland, Sweden, Bulgaria, Serbia, Roumania, Greece, Portugal. Germany, Great Britain, Spain, Russia, Sweden, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Belgium, Portugal, Germany, Spain, Great Britain, Italy, France, Austria-Hungary. Spain, Germany, Russia, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, France, Sweden. Grpat Britain, Russia, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Spain, Roumania, Greece. Germany, Italy, Spain, France, Sweden, Russia, Great Britain, Austria- Hungary, Greece, Belgium. Great Britain. Spain, Austria-Hungary, Germany. Russia, Hungary. Germany, Austria-Hungary. Russia, Austria-Hungary, Roumania, Germany. Vegetable Products. — The chief grain crops are wheat, barley, rye, oats, and, in southern Europe, maize and rice. Russia is the chief wheat producing country of Europe. Rye, which can be grown on poorer soils than wheat, is produced principally in Russia, Germany, and Austria- Hungary.. It is mainly used in making a "black" bread, which is largely eaten in central and eastern Europe. Barley is cultivated to the greatest extent in the wheat areas. It is now chiefly produced to obtain the malt for brewing. Oats are grown in Russia and Germany, and in the north and west of the British Isles. Maize is cultivated in Austria-Hungary, Roumania, and Italy. Rice is grown chiefly on the Plain of Lombardy. Other important crops are the sugar-beet, extensively cultivated in cen- tral Europe, potatoes, flax, hemp, and hops. Apples, pears, plums, cher- ries, currants, and gooseberries are grown in the middle latitudes; the vine and oHve in the south; and oranges, lemons, figs, almonds, and mulberries along the shores of the Mediterranean. See Economic Map of Europe, p. 27. Animals. — Wild animals: The boar and the brown bear are found in the German forests, in the Alps, and the Pyrenees. Wolves are numerous in Russia. The chamois and the ibex (now rare) are found on the higher parts of the Alps and Carpathians. The beaver is found in Russia, Sweden, Poland, Finland, and Lapland, but it is dying out. Domestic animals: The horse, ass, dog, ox, sheep, goat, pig, and in Lap- land the reindeer. Birds: In the north, numbers of wild geese, swans, eider ducks, etc., frequent the shores; while in the west and south are found the stork, crane, and flamingo. Birds of prey are numerous, and include the eagle and vul- ture (in the Alps and Pyrenees), falcon, hawk, and owl. Reptiles: Less numerous than in any other continent, and few are venom- ous. Fishes: Plentiful in all the seas and rivers of Europe. The tunny and sardine are found in the Mediterranean, and are the most important food fishes of southern Europe. In the seas of northern Europe are the cod, mackerel, herring, pilchard, lobster, crab, and many others. Salmon, trout, etc., are abundant in the large rivers. The sturgeon is plentiful in the Cas- pian Sea' and the Volga, and a large trade is done chiefly in the preserved roe, called caviare, and in isinglass. Insects: Not so troublesome as in some parts of the globe. The silkworm and honey bee are the two most useful. COUNTRIES OF EUROPE COUNTRY POPULATION* (sq. miles) Total 45,500,000 Persq, mile United Kingdom . 121.090 374 London Kingdom Norway 124,675 2.391,000 »9 Christianta Kingdom Sweden .... 172,920 5,521,000 32 Stockholm Kingdom Denmark 15.S86 2,775,000 180 Copenhagen Kingdom Netherlands 12,741 5,858,000 407 Amsterdam Kingdom Belgium 11,373 7,423,000 658 Brussels Kingdom France .... 207,129 39,601,000 J93 Paris Republic Germany 208,825 64,925,000 3" Berlin Empire Russia (in Europe) 2,123,009 141,359,000 67 Pctrograd Republic Austria-Hungary . 261,027 51,390,000 196 Vienna Empire Switzerland 15,955 3,765,000 236 Bern Republic Italy .... 1 10,688 34,671,000 31S Rome Kingdom Spam .... 195,056 19,950,000 103 Madrid Kingdom Portugal 35,500 5,960,000 155 Lisbon Republic Montenegro 5.475 435.000 80 Cetinje Kingdom Serbia .... 33.708 4,623,000 141 Belgrade Kingdom Bulgaria 42,000 4,467,000 107 Sofia Kingdom Roumania . 53.937 7,601,000 142 Bukharest Kingdom Greece .... 44.780 4.256,000 95 Athens Kingdom lurkey (in Europe) 7,000 1 ,600,000 230 Constantinople Empire In addition to the above countries, there are also the folloving small states: Luxemburg, a Grand Duchy in Central Europe (area 999 square miles, population 298,000), Liechtenstein, a principality on the Upper Rhine ([area 65 square miles, population 9,854); Andorra, a miniature Republic in the Pyrenees (area 17c square miles, population 5,231); San Marino, another miniature Republic, on the Adriatic (area 24 square miles, popula- tion 12,000) Monaco, a principality on the Mediterranean between France and Italy, in which is Monte Carlo with its famous casino. Monaco is about 3 miles long and ij miles broad, with 23,000 inhabitants and a yearly average of 1,500,000 visitors. The whole available ground is built over, so that there is no cultivation. UNITED KINGDOM (See Map, p. 33) Britain is "Home" to many millions of people scattered over the face of the globe. Her sons have carved out new homes for themselves in distant lands; but the ties of blood still bind, and when the existence of the homeland is threat- ened by the foes of democracy, the sons of Britain rush unbidden from the ends of the world to fight for the struggling Motherland. This little island has a record more wonderful than that of Rome. Its history, its literature, its laws, and its traditions are the common heritage of the English-speaking race. It is the land which gave birth to the founders of the Ameri- can commonwealth, and from which almost all of our great men have derived their descent. The severing of political ties when a German king of England tried to stamp his autocratic rule on a free-spirited citizenry did not sever the surer ties of kinship and common inheritance between the two peoples. The peace of more than a century has been solemnized on the battlefields of Europe, where Briton and American fought as brothers in arms. In commerce Great Britain is our best customer, and her vast dependencies are open to American enterprise without any hindrance whatsoever. Next to the United States, the United Kingdom is in every sense of first importance to Americans, and demands relatively more space than can be given to other European countries. The English. — The traveller in the United Kingdom will find that the picture drawn by the kindly American Ralph iSee Population Map of Europe^ p. 28. 246 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS Waldo Emerson in his "English Traits" is as fundamentally true to-day as it was in 1847. The nation sits in the immense city they have builded, a London extended into every man's mind, though we live in Van Dieman's Land or Capetown. Faithful performance of what is undertaken to. be performed, they honour in themselves, and exact in others, as certificate of equality with themselves. The modern world is theirs. They have made and make it day by day. The commercial relations of the world are so intimately drawn to London, that every dollar on earth contributes to the strength of the English Govern- ment. And if all the wealth in the planet should perish by war or deluge, they know themselves competent to re- place it. They have approved their Saxon blood, by their sea-going qualities; their descent from Odin's smiths, by their heredi- tary skill in working in iron; their British birth, by husbandry and immense wheat harvests; and justified their occupancy of the centre of habitable land, by their supreme ability and cosmopolitan spirit. They have tilled, builded, forged, spun, and woven. They have made the island a thorough- fare; and London a shop, a law-court, a record office, and scientific bureau, inviting to strangers; a sanctuary to refugees of every political and religious opinion; and such a city that almost every active man, in any nation, finds him- self, at one time or other, forced to visit it. In every path of practical activity, they have gone even with the best. There is no secret of war, in which they have not shown mastery. The steam-chamber of Watt, the loco- motive of Stephenson, the cotton-mule of Roberts, perform the labour of the world. There is no department of litera- ture, of science, or of useful art, in which they have not produced a first-rate book. It is England, whose opinion is waited for on the merit of a new invention, an improved science. And in the complications of the trade and politics of their vast empire, they have been equal to every exigency, with counsel and with conduct. Is it their luck, or is it in the chambers of their brain — it is their commercial advan- tage, that whatever light appears in better method or happy invention, breaks out in their race. They are a family to which a destiny attaches, and the Banshee has sworn that a male heir shall never be wanting. They have a wealth of men to fill important posts, and the vigilance of party crit- icism insures the selection of a competent person. Their Energy. — "A proof of the energy of the British people, is the highly artificial construction of the whole fabric. The climate and geography I said were factitious, as if the hands of man had arranged the conditions. The same character pervades the whole kingdom. Bacon said, "Rome was a state not subject to paradoxes"; but England subsists by antagonisms and contradictions. The foundations of its greatness are the rolling waves; and, from first to last, it is a museum of anomalies. This foggy and rainy country furnishes the world with astronomical observations. Its short rivers do not afford water-power, but the land shakes under the thunder of the mills. There is no gold mine of any importance, but there is more gold in England than in all other countries. It is too far north for the culture of the vine, but the wines of all countries are in its docks. The French Comte de Lauraguais said, "no fruit ripens in England but a baked apple"; but oranges and pine- apples are as cheap in London as in the Mediterranean. The Mark-Lane Express, or the Custom House Returns bear out to the letter the vaunt of Pope, " Let India boast her palms, nor envy we The weeping amber, nor the spicy tree. While, by our oaks, those precious loads are borne. And realms commanded which those trees adorn." Their Domesticity. — "Domesticity is the taproot which enables the nation to branch wide and high. The motive and end of their trade and empire is to guard the indepen- dence and privacy of their homes. Nothing so much marks their manners as the concentration of their household ties. This domesticity is carried into court and camp. Welling- ton governed India and Spain and his own troops, and fought battles like a good family-man, paid his debts, and, though general of an army in Spain, could not stir abroad for fear of public creditors. They keep their old customs, costumes, and pomps, their wig and mace, sceptre and crown. The middle ages still lurk in the streets of London. ... A hereditary tenure is natural to them. Offices, farms, trades, and tradi- tions descend so. Their leases run for a hundred and a thousand years. Terms of service and partnership are life- long, or are inherited. " Holdship has been with me," said Lord Eldon, "eight-and-twenty years, knows all my busi- ness and books." Antiquity of usage is sanction enough. Wordsworth says of the small freeholders of Westmorland, "Many of these humble sons of the hills had a conscious- ness that the land which they tilled had for more than five hundred years been possessed by men of the same name and blood." The ship-carpenter in the public yards, my lord's gardener and porter, have been there for more than a hun- dred years, grandfather, father, and son. Dislike of Change. — "The English power resides also in their dislike of change. They have difficulty in bringing their reason to act, and on all occasions use their memory first. As soon as they have rid themselves of some grievance, and settled the better practice, they make haste to fix it as a finality, and never wish to hear of alteration more. . . The cockneys stifle the curiosity of the foreigner on the reason of any practice, with " Lord, sir, it was always so." They hate innovation. Bacon told them. Time was the right reformer; Chatham, that "confidence was a plant of slow growth "; Canning, to "advance with the times"; and Welling- ton, that "habit was ten times nature." All their statesmen learn the irresistibility of the tide of custom, and have in- vented many fine phrases to cover this slowness of percep- tion, and prehensility o f tail._ i ' A seashell should be tne crest of England, not only because it represents a power built on the waves, but also the hard finish of the men. The Englishman is finished like a cowry or a murex. After the spire and the spines are formed, or, with the formation, a juice exudes, and a hard enamel varnishes every part. The keeping of the proprieties is as indispensable as clean linen. No merit quite countervails the want of this, whilst this sometimes stands in lieu of all. "'Tis in bad taste," is the most formidable word an English- man can pronounce. Stability. — "The stability of England is the security of the modern world. . . . The English stand for liberty. The conservative, money-loving, lord-loving English are yet liberty-loving; and so freedom is safe: for they have more personal force than any other people. The nation always resists the immoral action of their government." Many-headed and Many-nationed. — "What we must say about a nation is a superficial dealing with symptoms. We cannot go deep enough into the biography of the spirit who never throws himself entire into one hero, but delegates his energy in parts or spasms to vicious and defective in- dividuals. But the wealth of the source is seen in the pleni- tude of English nature. What variety of power and talent; what facility and plenteousness of knighthood, lordship, ladyship, royalty, loyalty; what a proud chivalry is indicated in "Collin's Peerage," through eight hundred years! What dignity resting on what reality and stoutness! What courage in GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS 247 war, what sinew in labour, what cunning workmen, what inventors and engineers, what seamen and pilots, what clerks and scholars! No one man and no few men can rep- resent them. It is a people of myriad personalities. Their many-headedness is owing to the advantageous position of the middle class, who are always the source of letters and science. Hence the vast plenty of their aesthetic produc- tion. As they are many-headed, so they are many-nationed: their colonization annexes archipelagoes and continents, and their speech seems destined to be the universal language of men. I have noted the reserve of power in the English temperament. In the island, they never let out all the length of all the reins, there is no Berserkir rage, no abandonment or ecstasy of will or intellect, like that of the Arabs in the time of Mahomet, or like that which intoxicated France in 1789. But who would see the uncoiling of that tremendous spring, the explosion of their well-husbanded forces, must follow the swarms which pouring now for two hundred years from the British islands, have sailed, and rode, and traded, and planted through all climates, mainly following the belt of empire, the temperate zones, carrying the Saxon seed, with its instinct for liberty and law, for arts and for thought — acquiring under some skies a more electric energy than the native air allows — to the conquest of the globe. Their colonial policy, obeying the necessities of a vast em- pire, has become liberal. Canada and Australia have been contented with substantial independence. They are ex- piating the wrongs of India, by benefits; first, in works for the irrigation of the peninsula, and roads and telegraphs; and secondly, in" the instruction of the people, to qualify them for self-government when the British power shall be finally called home. Pacific Type of Civilization.— The British constitution has been the model for most countries that have adopted a constitutional and democratic form of government; and being democratic and desiring peace to pursue its industrial life. Great Britain stands for a pacific as opposed to a mili- tary type of civilization. Her regular army had always been small in proportion to her population, so small indeed that at the beginning of the Great War the German Em- peror referred to it as a "contemptible little army." And yet that same "contemptible" army stemmed the onrush of the Teuton hordes at Ypres, and when its numbers grew more equal no German army could stand before it. »•«'*«' Although Great Britain recognizes that universal service may be necessary in some countries, and at times even in every country, she has preferred, as Viscount Bryce graphi cally puts it, "to leave her people free to follow their civil pursuits, and had raised her army by voluntary enlistment. Military and naval officers have never, as in Germany, formed a class by themselves, have never been a political power, or exercised political influence. The Cabinet Ministers placed in charge of these two services have always been civilian statesmen — not Generals or Admirals — until the outbreak of the present war, when, for the first time, under the stress of a new emergency, a professional soldier of long experience^ was placed at the head of the War Department. England has repeatedly sought at European Conferences to bring about a reduction of war armaments, as well as to secure improved rules mitigating the usages of war; but has found her eff^orts baffled by the opposition of Germany. In none of the larger countries, except perhaps in the United States are the people so generally and sincerely attached to peace. It may be asked why, if this is so, does England maintain so large a navy. The question deserves an answer. Her navy is maintained for three reasons. The first is, that as her army has been very small she is obliged to protect her- self by a strong home fleet from any risk of invasion. She has never forgotten the lesson of the Napoleonic wars, when It was the navy that saved her from the fate which befell so many European countries at Napoleon's hands. Were ^Viscount Kitchener of Khartum, she not to keep up this first line of defence at sea, a huge army and a huge military expenditure in time of peace would be inevitable. The second reason is that as England does not produce nearly enough food to support her population, she must draw supplies from other countries, and would be in danger of starvation if in war time she lost the command of the sea. It is, therefore, vital to her existence that she should be able to secure the unimpeded import of articles of food. And the third reason is that England is responsible for the defence of the coasts and the commerce of her colonies and other foreign possessions, such as India. These do not maintain a naval force sufficient for their defence, and the mother country is therefore compelled to have a fleet suf- ficient to guarantee their safety and protect their shipping. No other great State has such far-reaching liabilities, and, therefore, no other needs a navy so large as Britain must maintain. In this policy there is no warlike or aggressive spirit, no menace to other countries. It is a measure purely of defence, costly and burdensome, but borne because her own safety and that of her colonies absolutely require it. Neither has Britain used her naval strength to inflict harm on any other countries. In time of peace she has not tried to use it to injure the commerce of her chief industrial com- petitors. It did nothing to retard the rapid growth of the mercantile marines of Germany and Norway, both of which have been immensely developed in recent years. The free- dom of the seas has, in time of peace, never been infringed by her. Free Trade. — So far from using her sea-power to the prejudice of other countries in peace time, and trying by its aid to promote her own commercial interests, Britain is the only great country which has opened her doors freely to the, commerce of every other country. y/^-J^^*^^*"^^ '7 " Sixty years ago she adopted, and has ever since consis- tently practised, the policy of free trade. She imposes upon imports no duties intended to protect her own agri- culture or her own manufactures. She gives no advantages to her own shipping in her own ports, she pays no bounties to her own shipping, she allows even coasting trade between her own ports to be open on equal terms to the ships of all nations. A Dutch or Swedish or Norwegian vessel may trade from Newcastle to London as freely as a British vessel. And this free trade policy has been carried out consistently in all the British colonial possessions. Neither in India, nor in those British colonies whose tariff's are controlled by the mother country, are duties imposed upon foreign im- ports, except for the purpose of raising revenue. Such self-governing dominions as Canada and Australia have con- trol of their own tariffs and impose what duties they please — even against the mother country; but that is a part of the self-government which these dominions have long enjoyed.^ English Cottage Gardens. — England is one great gar- den. "We often hear this phrase," says Dr. W. Miller, "but the glory of its meaning does not burst upon an American until he has set foot upon English soil. It means that every home has its garden; that every foot of ground not occupied by buildings, is likely to be cultivated to the utmost; and that one cannot drive or ride or walk anywhere without seeing beautiful gardens." People who have travelled more than I, say that English cottages and their gardens are the most beautiful in the world. I saw thousands of them and they were endlessly delight- ful. .. . The American is used to seeing ugliness everywhere — wooden buildings, no national style of architecture, bill- boards, big advertisements, and houses without gardens. When he goes to England he sees beauty everywhere — houses built of brick and stone, a national style. of architec- iRt, Hon, Viscount Bryce, in "The War of Democracy" (1917). 248 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS ture, no billboards, shop signs relatively small and modest, and every foot of ground cultivated to the utmost. These general conditions are enough to put the American in an enthusiastic mood, and enthusiasm rises to ecstasy vs^hen he finds that even the labouring people live amid beautiful sur- roundings. Every cottage is built of permanent materials and every cottage is surrounded by fruits, flowers, or other forms of living beauty. It all seems too good to be true, because American labourers generally live in big tenements or else in monotonous rows of wooden cottages, which are temporary and subject to disastrous fires, while the yards are usually bare and shabby or foul with weeds and rubbish. Therefore, I say the infinite number and variety of English cottage gardens is enough to explain five tenths of the American tourist's enthusiasm. The second great reason why we cannot copy English cottage gardens is that about four tenths of their charm is due to the cottages themselves and these do not fit our pres- ent mode of life at all. . . . Old cottages in England are always either beautiful or picturesque, but on the prac- tical side they are invariably deficient. For instance, thatched roofs are dreams of beauty, and once upon a time they were economical in England; but in America they cost too much, and even in England it is against the law in some districts to thatch new cottages. Small window panes are poetic, but hard to clean. Ram- bling structures may be lovable, but they multiply steps and waste a woman's strength. Crooked stairs may be romantic, but they are dangerous. High roofs mean a waste of room. The English cottage which nestles so sweetly among the ever-blooming roses was developed before people knew any- thing about germs and before the importance of ventilation and sunlight was understood. . . . To make exact copies of English cottages is foolish, and we shall never have charming cottage gardens in Amer- ica until we have charming cottages in an American style It is my conviction that nine tenths of the charm of Eng- lish cottage gardens is due to the environment; only one tenth seems to me intrinsic. The gardens themselves owe their beauty to two elements — the materials, or plants, and the national style of gardening.^ Horse-racing. — In a land where the breeding of horses is carried to such a high pitch of perfection, racing is regarded as a practical necessity, and is the only way of ascertaining how animals may be most judiciously employed for breeding purposes. Horse-racing, "the national sport," has greatly increased in popularity in the British Isles. Of the five "classic" races run each season of three-year olds, the chief one is the Derby which is held at Epsom during the week which includes May 31st. - The Derby. — An excellent picture of the Derby is pre- sented by Richard Harding Davis in "Our English Cousins." In a country given to spectacuiar exhibitions — Wimbie- dons, jubilee processions, boat-races, naval reviews — the Derby strikes one as quite the most remarkable thing of this sort that the English do, and they do them all particularly well. In no other country, I believe, do sixty thousand people travel sixteen miles to camp out around a race-track, and then break up camp and march back again the same night. As a matter of fact, they do not all march back the same night. The gypsies and the fakirs, and hundreds of others around the training-stables (for the racing at Epsom Downs lasts a week), remain overnight, and this encampment, with the fires burning in the open air and the lights showing from under the canvas, makes as weird and wonderful a scene as that of the Derby day itself. But in the morning this sleep- ing bivouac rouses itself, and the tents go up as easily as umbrellas, and an army of people crowd the track and the grounds as thickly as the City Hall Square is crowded on the night of a Presidential election. The coaches face the 'Wilhelm Miller. "What England Can Tpach Us About Gardening" (1913). grandstand from the opposite side of the track. They are packed as closely together as the omnibuses in front of the Bank of England, so that one could walk for half a mile from one to the other of them without once touching the ground. The first which come of these take the best places, and the last are crowded in on them by the servants and the unemployed, who take out the leaders and shove with the wheelers until they have locked wheels with two other coaches, and have apparently entangled themselves forever. These coaches form a barrier three rows deep along the course, and the dresses of the women on top of them, and the luncheons, before their pyramids are demolished, make the place look like a succession of picnics in mid-air. Back of these, down the valley between the curves of the horseshoe, are tents and the rings where wooden horses circle and prance, and railroad cars which mock the laws of gravity, dashing up and down wooden hills, and where there are shooting-galleries and boxing-booths and swings, and rows after rows of gypsy wagons (little green and red houses on wheels, with a pair of steps at the back like a bathing- machine), and solid phalanxes of shouting book-makers. These last stand in couples, dressed ridiculously alike, as a guarantee that they do not intend to lose themselves in the crowd, and with banners behind them to tell who they may be, from whence they come, and what a very old and trust- worthy firm theirs is. . . . You see so much to entertain you on the grounds that you forget about the races, although the sight from the coach is in its broader view, quite as amusing and impressive as the one you obtain by pushing through the crowd. Instead of moving about to see other people the other people come to call on you, chiefly musicians of several nationalities who sing sentimental songs sentimentally to the young women on the next drag, who try to pretend they do not know that they are being made to look ridiculous; and little yellow- haired girls on stilts, who seat themselves on the box, and draw their stilts up out of the way and sing: "I'm er blushin' bud of innercence, papa says I'm a great expense," and troops of burntcork comedians who pretend they know the people on the coaches, and who flatter the weak in spirit by crying: "Ahh! glad to see your lordship 'ere to-doiy. I 'ain't forgot the 'arf-crown your lordship give me when your lordship won that pot of money of King Remus, Kemton Park Waiy. Your lordship alius wos a good one at pickin' a winner. Now, wot can we sing at yer lordship's command ter-day?" At which his lordship, being a real-estate agent from Chicago, is extremely pleased, and commands his favourite melody. There are a great many Americans at the Derby. It is something of which they have all heard and in consequence want to see. The races at the Derby are very beautiful examples of how grand a spectacle a horse-race can be. . . . What first puzzles one at the Derby is where the horses are going to find room to run, for the track is blocked with the mob, which stands doubtfully fingering the sixpences in its pockets, and listening to the young men who are selling tips on the race to follow, and beseeching the crowd about them to remember what they foretold at the Manchester races a year ago. . . . Mixed with these young men are evangelists with an organ on wheels, to the accompaniment of which they sing hymns. They are not the Salvationists, though one sees the red jerseys of these also, but soberly clothed, earnest- looking men, perfectly impassive to the incongruity of their surroundings, and fervent in their hope of accomplishing some good. They have as large a circle about them as has the tipster, and they are too familiar a sight wherever many people are gathered together in England to be either scoffed at or encouraged. But when the bell rings, all of these^tipster, evangelist, and coloured comedian — fly be- fore the important business of the moment, and there is a rush to the rails, which men clutch desperately like wrecked mariners on a mast-head, and a sudden overflow among the carriages as the mounted police ride slowly along the length of the track, leaving a clear, broad, green road behind them. And then the horses canter up the course, and come back again with a rush of colours and straining necks amid what is almost, for so large a multitude, complete silence. Eng- GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS 249 lishmen do not make themselves heard as does a racing crowd in America. The most interesting effect in the race to one who is looking up the track, and who is not interested in the finish, is what seems to be a second race, as the crowd breaks in after the last of the horses and sweeps down the track, making it appear shortened behind as the horses move forward. Yorkshire. — ^The largest county in England, the shire which according to the native boast "contains more acres than there are letters in the Bible," has ever held an im- portant place in the history of the country. Its agriculture can be traced back to the neolithic age. In the breeding of sheep, cattle, and horses, Yorkshire has long been famous. Its horses especially, from the fleetest race-horse to the mighty shire horse, are the Yorkshireman's pride. The foundation stone of the great modern fabric of in- dustry, enterprise, and wealth which has been reared in Yorkshire was undoubtedly the application of steam power to the manufactures of the county. Some idea of the re- markable development of the great Yorkshire towns during the nineteenth century may be gained from statistics. The population of Leeds in 1801 was 53,612; in 1901, 428,968. In the same period Sheffield increased from 45,755 to 380,793, Hull from about 30,000 to 240,259. Between 183 1 and 1901 the population of Bradford increased from 43,527 to 279,767. But most marvellous of all is Middlesbrough, a town whose entire population was housed under one roof in 1820 and now includes 60 miles of streets and has a population of 104,767. Perhaps the most characteristic of the Yorkshire indus- tries is that which gives employment to the great bulk of the crowded populations of the West Riding, and may be classed under one comprehensive term — the making of clothes. All the great towns of the West Riding are engaged in the spinning and manufacturing of silk, linen, cotton, and wool. Woollen goods and worsted goods are the chief objects of manufacture, and have their own particular homes and centres. When a Yorkshireman speaks of 'Leeds goods' he means all kinds of goods of the woollen industry; when he speaks of "Bradford," he means worsted goods. All the other towns and districts have some specialty — the towns of the Spen Valley, Batley, Dewsbury, Cleckheaton, and their smaller neighbours produce clothing from reworked material, and place it on the market under the names of Shoddy and Mungo; Wakefield turns out yarns and medium woollens and worsteds; Huddersfield worsteds and woollens of super- fine quality; Halifax produces worsted yarns, a variety ol ornamental fabrics, and has also a great trade in carpets. Some of the manufactories — 'mills' as they are called in the textile-producing districts — are of vast size. . . . In the twilight of autumn and winter or in the early winter mornings their lights are seen across the hills for mile upon mile, producing an effect which — save in Lancashire — can- not be seen elsewhere in England.^ A Leeds Mill. — -The mills of Leeds are its crowning modern interest. A visit to one of the largest flax mills is thus described: It is in the part of Leeds called Holbeck, and is a massive building in the Egyptian style, covering an area of two acres. The work is carried on in one huge room, which a partition divides into two, and when our guide took us in the effect was electrifying. Each frame and each worker standing before it seemed a part of one immense machine which would go on in the same perfect precision and cleanliness forever — the workers silent as the grave — while the resistless chorus of whirrs seemed to fill every chink in the vast place. This »J. S Fletcher, "A Book About Yorkshire" (1908). vast chamber contains no less than sixty-six skylights for the admission of air and light. A series of arches rests on cast-iron pillars, and the air and light thus obtained obviate all the stuffiness of atmosphere one- associates with the idea of a mill; the women look healthy and happy, never leaving off work, but seeming to follow it with interest as well as industry. Our guide explained to us in a very lucid way the process through which the flax passes from its pristine state to the finest sewing thread, and he illustrated his explana- tion by taking us from ffame to frame and showing us how the flax — guided by the women's skilful fingers, and moved by the resistless force of the huge steam engine which, like some Hydra, seems omnipresent in the vast chamber — not only gradually becomes soft and fine like flour passing through different mills, but — as it also passes through chemi- cal preparations, it goes through many grades of colour and is finally bleached to snowy whiteness. In another huge room we found the weavers creating out of the prepared fl^ax coarse towelling, blinds of varied stripes and patterns, every imaginable sort of linen fabric from coarse to the finest. It was very interesting to watch the manu- facture of the striped goods, to see the regular dexterity needed in placing the required portions, and in all cases the flight of the little shuttle from side to side bearing the weft across and between the strands of warp. So interesting was it that, spite of the deafening noise which seemed to set all one's nerves loose at once, we were unwilling to leave off looking.' The Collier. — Though so small a country, Great Brit- ain is the greatest coal-producing country in the world. Its "black diamonds" are the mainstay of its commerce and of its naval supremacy. While enumerating the coal riches of England, the poor collier himself, driving his dismal work down under the ruins of a former world, exposed to perpetual peril from mephitic vapours and crumbling walls, dangling upon a slender rope, or crawling up shafts like interminable chimneys, upon ladders that will rot, should not be forgotten. There is stout man- hood under his dirt-crusted brutality. He says he ''wins" the coal. He does indeed win it. He never descends into the coal-pit but with the chances immensely augmented that he will never see another sun. It is computed that fifteen hundred lives are annually lost in England by acci- dents in coal mines. The most dreadful of these enemies is the ''fire-damp," whose chief ingredient is carburetted hy- drogen, which, with a certain mixture of common air, be- comes explosive. In mines where the ventilation is im- perfect, a single act of carelessness will fill miles upon miles of subterranean chambers with a streaming blaze of fire, sometimes rising to the surface and bursting out of the shafts with the roar and violence of a volcano. And the poor miners, it is said, will carry their pipes, though forbidden, into the long and distant reaches of the mine — ^whence this continual danger. When we sit down before a genial winter fire, let us think of those bold hearts who have 'won' the coal for us.^ Flint Mining Extraordinary. — ^That the methods of prehistoric days still survive in certain callings may be realized by visiting one of the curious flint mines on the borders of Suffolk. The neolithic miner used a red-deer's antler for a pick. His lamp was a cup of chalk. His ladder was probably a series of rough steps cut in the sides of the pit. A family of the name of Dyer carry on to-day exactly the same old method of mining. Their pits are of squarer shape than the neolithic ones, but otherwise similar. Their one-pronged pick retains the shape of the deer's antler. Their light is a candle stuck in a cup of chalk. And the ladder is just a series of ledges or, as they call them, "toes" iThoraas and Katherine Macquoid, "About Yorkshire" (1883}. "James M. Hoppin, "Old England" C1890). 250 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS in the wall, five feet apart and connected by footholes. The miner simply jerks his load, several hundredweight of flints, from ledge to ledge by the aid of his head, which he protects with something that neolithic man was probably without, namely, an old bowler hat. He even talks a language of his own. " Bubber-hutching on the sosh" is the term for sinking a pit on the slant, and, for all we can tell, may have a very ancient pedigree. And what becomes of the miner's output? It is sold by the 'jag'— a jag being a pile just so high that when you stand on any side you can see the bottom flint on the other — to the knappers of Bran- don. Any one of these will, while you wait, break up a lump with a short round hammer into manageable pieces. Then, placing a "quarter" with his left hand on the leather pad that covers his knee, he will, with an oblong hammer, strike off flake after flake, perhaps 1,500 in a morning; and finally will work these up into sharp-edged squares to serve as gun-flints for the trade with native Africa. Alas! the palmy days of knapping gun-flints for the British Army will never return to Brandon. Still, there must have been trade depression in those parts at any time from the bronze age up to the times of Brown Bess; for the strike-a-lights, still to be got at a penny each, can have barely kept the wolf from the door. Thus there are things in old England that are older even than some of our friends wot. In that one county of Suffolk, for instance, the good flint — so rich in colour as it is, and so responsive to the hammer, at any rate, if you get down to the lower layers or "sases," for instance, the floorstone, or the black smooth stone that is generally below water-level — has served the needs of all the palaeolithic periods, and of the neolithic age as well, and likewise of the modern Eng- lishmen who fought with flintlocks at Waterloo, or still more recently took out tinder-boxes with them to the war in South Africa. And what does this stand for in terms of the antiquity of man? Thousands of years? We do not know exactly; but say rather hundreds of thousands of years.' London. — London is the wealthiest and, until it was re- cently outstripped by New York, the most populous city in the world. It stands in four counties — Middlesex, Sur- rey, Kent, and Essex. It is a province of houses, a forest of human beings. It is a cluster of manufacturing towns, a great agricultural market, the central city of commerce for the entire globe, the financial capital of the commercial world, the legal capital of England, and a great pleasure city besides. The saying was once common that "all roads lead to Rome." To-day all the waterways of the world lead to London. The metropolis is an "ocean of bricks and mortar." Its houses, if placed end to end, would stretch across Europe and Asia. One of the ugliest cities in the world, it is at the same time one of the most beautiful. The squalor of its slums is indescribable; its river and park scenes are among the finest in Europe. London contains more Scotchmen than Edin- burgh, and more Irishmen than Dublin. The importance of London is not a local importance, like the importance of Manchester and Liverpool or Leeds and Hull. London became the capital of England, because, among the great cities of England, it was at once the great- est and, in a certain sense, the most central; perhaps we may add that London earned its place by gallant resistance to the Scandinavian invader. But the modern importance of London is wholly that of a capital, not that of a local city. The importance of Liverpool and Manchester is the impor- tance of Liverpool and Manchester in themselves; the im- portance of London is not the importance of London in Itself; it is the importance of the place which is the seat of the common government of the whole land, the centre and meeting-place of people from every part of the whole land. In that vast range of buildings which is popularly called " London" and vulgarly called the " metropolis," there is, unless haply within that ancient and illustrious city round which that range of buildings has grown, no real local love for the place itself. People who cannot live save in London, who despise everything out of London, who unconsciously fancy that London is the whole world, have not the same local patriotism for London which a man of one of our great towns has for his own town. It is not London as London, it is the capital of England and of the British dominions, which your man who cannot live out of London really cherishes.* London Railway Stations. — The railways of Britain all converge on London, and there is no place too remote to be, more or less, in direct communication with the capital. No less than eleven great railway systems have their ter- mini in London, with magnificent stations and enormous freight yards. In all there are 251 railway-stations and twenty-two railway companies which serve London, and yet it is curious to note that not one station is called London. Of the vast traffic carried on by these lines, and of the perfect network of lines which they have made, it is almost needless to speak, for they are known to every Londoner. The special features of the London railway system are the luxurious travelling to the north or to Paris and abroad; the daily runs to Brighton and other seaside resorts, where London merchants have their homes. . . . The various excursions to the sea and other country places; the consignments of food, from the daily early morning milk in millions of gallons to the occasional tons of water- cress, at Waterloo Station, up from Hampshire, and live turtles for aldermanic banquets; the constant daily influx of business men and women in the morning, and their return in the evening — all the curiosities of travelling, in fact, make the London railway-stations marvellous indications of London life.* Edinburgh. — Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It is picturesquely situated on three eminences which run in a direction from east to west, and is surrounded by lofty hills except on the north side where the ground slopes gently toward the Firth of Forth. Meditative people will find a charm in a certam conso- nancy between the aspect of the city and its old and stirring history. Few places, if any, offer a more barbaric display of contrasts to the eye. In the very midst stands one of the most satisfactory crags in nature- — a Bass Rock upon dry land, rooted in a garden, shaken by passing trains, carrying a crown of battlements and turrets, and describing its warlike shadow over the liveliest and brightest thoroughfare of the new town. From their smoky beehives, ten stories high, the unwashed look down upon the open squares and gardens of the wealthy; and gay people sunning themselves along Princes Street, with its mile of commercial palaces all be- flagged upon some great occasion, see, across a gardened valley set with statues, the washings of the old town flutter in the breeze at its high windows. And then, upon all sides, what a clashing of architecture! In this one valley, where the life of the town goes most busily forward, there may be seen, shown one above and behind another by the accidents of the ground, buildings in almost every style upon the globe. Egyptian and Greek temples, Venetian palaces and Gothic spires, are huddled one over another in a most admired disorder; while, above all, the brute mass of the Castle and the summit of Arthur's Seat look down upon these imitations with a becoming dignity, as the works of Nature may look down upon the monuments of Art.' »R. R. Marctt, Anthropology" tl9H). lEdward A. Freeman, "English Towns and Districts" (1883). 'G. Laurence Gomme, "London in the Reign of Victoria" {1898). 'Robert Louis Stevenson, "An Inland Voyage Travel with a Donkey" (1897 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS 251 Glasgow and the Clyde. — "Glasgow made the Clyde and the Clyde made Glasgow." The epigram, though not wholly true, will serve to indicate the transformation that has taken place. A century and a half ago Glasgow seemed as liable to become a seaport as Stirling or Dumfries. Ves- sels could not approach within fourteen miles, and dis- charged their cargoes into flat-bottomed boats which took them to Glasgow. To-day the Clyde is a deep canalized river, bearing from the building yards in the upper reaches the world's greatest liners and battleships. Glasgow is the maker of ships, and her sons are proud of their seemly product. The Clyde builder may pride him- self, too, on his achievement. Following no man, he hewed out a path for himself; borrowed no capital, but at his own door dug coal and iron and wrought up these into that mod- ern wonder, the steamship. . . . Now and then, it is true, he had the wit to use the ideas of other men, to weld their inventions to his own purposes and to profit by their errors. But take him for all in all, he is the figure which dominates modern shipbuilding, the inspirer and pioneer to whom all other builders must bow, and without whom the glorious company of ships had shrunken to a half. The teachers of youth are very right; of more moment to Glas- gow than her other industries, her college, her cathedral, is the building of her ships. ... It is the distinction of the Clyde shipyards that they can build any kind of vessel from a trawler to a battleship. The builders have the skill and experience, and the yards have the appliances which are required for any type of war ves- sel, trading vessel, or pleasure craft. Elsewhere you may find — but not often^that in a given year more ships of a certain class were built than on the Clyde. Belfast and Stettin, for instance, are at the moment undoubtedly ahead of the Clyde in building great passenger steamers; but it is only here that you see every kind and manner of ship on the stocks.^ "It is doubtful," says John Burroughs, "if such a scene can be witnessed anywhere else in the world — an enormous collection of machinery, commerce, and building, in the midst of the quiet and simple life of inland farm lands. You could leap from the deck of a half-finished ocean steamer into a field of waving wheat or broad beans. "These vast shipyards are set down here upon the banks of the Clyde so as to interfere as little as possible with the scene. One would say the vessels had come up out of the water like seals to sun themselves here on the grassy bank. "Of the factories and foundries that put the iron in shape, you get no hint; here the ships rise as if they sprouted from the soil, without waste or litter, but with an unceasing din. They stand as thickly as a row of cattle, almost touching each other, and in all stages of progress. Now and then a stall will be vacant, the ship having just been launched; others will stand with flags flying and timbers greased or soaped, ready to take to the water at the word. Two such, both large ocean steamers, waited for us to pass. "We looked back, saw the last block or wedge knocked away from one of them, and the monster ship sauntered down to the water, and glided into the current in the most gentle matter-of-fact sort of way. I wondered at her slow pace and the grace with which she took to the water. The vessels are launched up and down the stream, owing to the narrowness of the channel. But to see such a brood of ships, the largest in the world, hatched upon the banks of such a quiet little river, amid such peaceful country scenes, is a new experience. This, then, is Britain; a little island, with little lakes, little rivers, quiet fields, but mighty interests and power that reach round the world. "^ Highland Dress. — The highland costume, in which every Highlander loves to disport himself, is modern in many of its features, and especially so in the great variety of tartans *James Hamilton Muir, "Glasgow in 1901" (1901). 'John Burroughs, "Fresh Fields" (1881), or checks that have been invented, and of which each clan now appears to claim one. There was a time when Stewart or Murray looked on the plaid as badge of a savage foeman; there would be a time when the imported Highlanders grew as proud of kilt and bagpipes as if these had come down to them straight from Adam. All over the world have gone those badges of a race that gave them to its conquerors in exchange for its proudest blood. The cult of the tartan, revived in our own age by romantic literature and royal patronage, is an old story. One of the early emigrants to the Southern States of America is said to have rigged out all his negroes in kilts and such-like, teaching them also to speak Gaelic and to pipe and reel among cotton fields and cane swamps. But when one of those blackamoor retainers, liveried in a kilt, was sent to meet a practically-minded countryman landing from Scot- land, the eflFect of so transmogrified a figure proved appalling. "Hae ye been long oot.?" stammered the newcomer, and took his passage back by the next ship. Away from Scotland, all true Scots carry over the world an outfit of which the colours, the trimmings, and the gew- gaws come from the Highlands, while the hard-wearing quali- ties of the stuff are rather of Lowland manufacture.' It has appeared to some surprising that the Highlanders should be able, from the scanty materials which their country afforded, to produce such brilliancy of colouring. In those days, good housewives distinguished themselves not only by the superior quality of cloth they produced— for all was home-made — but also by the brightness and variety of their colours. From the descendants of one thus distinguished I had the whole secret; and a simple one it was, both as to the process and material of dyeing. Black was produced from aurn; green and yellow from heather, the green being first dyed blue with indigo. From "white crottle," a species of lichen, a beautiful crimson was produced. The "crottle" or lichen producing this colour had to be kept in soak for at least a twelve-month before use. A more common red was produced from madder; brown from "rough crottle," another species of lichen: the fixing matter for all these colours being of the most primitive nature.^ A Whiff of Ireland. — "The first whiff we got of nature on the east side of the Atlantic," writes John Burroughs, "was the peaty breath of the peasant chimneys of Ireland while we were yet many miles at sea. What a homelike fireside smell it was; it seemed to remind me of a home long forgotten. This odour of the Old World, wafted to us on our approach from the New, savours of the soil. I know no other fuel that yields so agreeable a perfume."' An Irish Bog. — "We all know what a bog is — when we get into one; but if asked to define it, we should perhaps differ. The tour st would describe it as a great eyesore; the sports- man, as a capital place for wild fowl; the peasant, as a useful place for supplying fuel; the engineer, as a thing which must be got round, or over, or rid of, if possible. None of these answers would give much idea of the real nature of a bog. In England bogs are few and far between; but nobody who has travelled in Ireland can forget the desolate flats and surfaces that extend for so many miles inland — a perfect sea of black peat, without a single shrub or mound or any token of life, save here and there a cabin, almost more dull and sad than the bog itself. . . . Bog consists chiefly of a kind of moss known as sphag- num, together with many sorts of grass, fern, and heath, which, under pressure, becomes peat. It is easy to see how the growth of a flat bog has arisen. A pool is formed, more or less stagnant, round the borders of which grow water plants, in course of time filling up the surface, and then the deeper parts, by the mud around their roots. This mud is lA. R. Hope Moncrieff, "The Heart of Scotland" (1909). 'Elizabeth Taylor, "The Braemar Highland8"(l896). •John Burroughs, "Fresh Fields" (1881). 252 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS just the place for sphagnum, which flourishes, pushing out new plants while the lower stages become rotten. Sometimes the pulpy mass fills to overflowing, as in King's County in 1821, when a bog burst its bounds and flowed down into a valley for a mile and a half, covering 150 acres with a layer of bog from six to ten feet in thickness. Bogs are not all alike. Bog country may be divided into red, brown, black, and mountain bog. In Ireland there are about a million and a half of acres of red and black bog, and a million and a quarter of mountain bog. The red and brown are of least value for fuel; they are very wet, and contain a small amount of woody matter. Mountain bog, instead of sphagnum, contains gray moss, which is supplied with mois- ture by the damp air and clouds of the mountains. . . . When the peat is cut the whole population goes off to the bog . . . the men cut the peat with long spades, the women stack it in heaps to dry. The heat-giving power of turf is about half that of coal."- Ireland Fifty Years Ago. — Glancing at the condition of Ireland fifty years ago, an Irish writer^ says: At that time almost the whole agricultural population were in the position of tenants-at-will, with no security either against increased rents or arbitrary eviction. The housing of the rural population, and especially of the agricultural labourers, was wretched in the extreme. Local taxation and administration were wholly in the hands of Grand Ju- ries, bodies appointed by the Crown from among the country gentlemen in each district. Irish Roman Catholics were without any system of University education comparable to that which Protestants had enjoyed for three hundred years in the University of Dublin. A Church which, whatever its historic claims may have been, numbered only about 12 per cent of the population was established by law and sup- ported by tithes levied on the whole country. Technical education was inaccessible to the great bulk of the nation; and in no department of public education, of any grade or by whomsoever administered, was any attention paid to Irish history, the Irish language, Irish literature, or any sub- ject which might lead young Irishmen to better knowledge and understanding of the special problems of their country and its special claims to the love and respect of its children. That was the Ireland of fifty years ago. It is an Ireland which at the present day lives only on the lips of anti-British orators and journalists. It is an Ireland as dead as the France of Louis XIV. Of the abuses and disabilities just recounted not one survives to-day. Land Reform. — Ireland, owing to the wars and confisca- tions of the seventeenth century, had come to have a land- owning aristocracy mainly of English descent with a Celtic peasantry holding their farms as yearly tenants. The object of British land-legislation has been to expropriate the landlords so far as their tenanted land is concerned, and to establish the Irish peasant as absolute owner of the land he tills. The Irish tenant is now subject only to rents fixed by law; he can at any time sell the interest in his farm, which he has, therefore, a direct interest in improving; he is also assisted by a great scheme of land-purchase to become owner of his land on paying the price by terminable instal- ments, which are usually some 20 per cent, less than the amount he formerly paid as rent. Under this scheme about two-thirds of the Irish tenantry have already become own- ers of their farms, while the remainder enjoy a tenure which is almost as easy and secure as ownership itself. It is not surprising then, that a German economist who has made a special study of this subject should declare that ''the Irish tenants have had conditions assured to them more favour- able than any other tenantry in the world enjoy" adding the dry comment that in Ireland the "magic of property" appears to consist in the fact that it is cheaper to acquire it than not.* That magic has been worked for Ireland by the British Legislature and by British credit. , . . The State is now pledged to about £130,000,000 for the further- ance of this scheme, the instalments and sinking fund to the amount of about £5,000,000 a year being paid with ex- emplary regularity by the farmers who have taken advantage of it.2 Aid for Western Ireland. — In the more backward regions of western Ireland it has been felt that the above measures are not enough, and a special agency known as the Congested Districts Board has been constituted with wide powers to help the Western farmer, and not only the farmer, but the fisherman, the weaver, or any one pursuing a productive occupation there, to make the most of his resources and to develop his industry in the best possible way. A system of light railways which now covers these remote districts has given valuable facilities for the marketing of fish and every kind of produce. The various Boards and other executive agencies consist almost entirely of Irishmen. Irish Agricultural Labourer. — There is a vast differ- ence between the present lot of the Irish agricultural labourer and his condition in 1883, when reform in this department was first taken in hand. Cottages can now be provided by the Rural District Councils and let at nominal rents. Nearly £9,000,000 sterling have been voted for this purpose at low interest. A recent observer writes: The Irish agricultural labourer can now obtain a cottage with three rooms, a piggery, and garden allotment of an acre or half an acre, and for this he is charged a rent of one to two shillings a week. . . . These cottages by the wayside give a hopeful aspect to the country . . . flowers are before the doors of the new cottages and creepers upon the walls. The labourer can keep pigs, poultry, and a goat, and grow his potatoes and vegetables in his garden allotment.^ Present Condition of Ireland. — ^The internal condition of Ireland already shows a marked response to the altered state of things. It is visible, as many American travellers have noticed, in the face of the country, and is proved by official records. Emigration has declined to its lowest point; education has spread amongst the people. Irish emigrants, when they do leave their own shores, take higher positions than ever before. A population of some 4,000,000 largely composed of small farmers, has lent £47,000,000 sterling to the Government; and, what is still more significant, the deposits in Post Office Savings Banks have risen from £6,000,000 in 1896 to over £13,000,000 the year before the war. . . . Irish agriculture, partly owing to climatic conditions, and partly to the fact that Ireland has a monopoly of the export of live cattle to England, had developed hitherto rather in the direction of cattle-raising than of tillage; and cattle have increased since 1851 from 3,000,000 to over 5,000,000 head, and sheep from 2,000,000 to ^,600,000. Poultry have nearly quadrupled in the same penod. The gross railway receipts — another significant symptom — were £2,750,000 in 1886. In 1915 they had risen to £4,831,000. The cooperative agricultural associations, in which Ire- land has shown the way to the English-speaking world, now number about 1,000, and do a trade of well over £5,000,000 a year. The thousands of labourers' cottages which have sprung up, each with its plot of land, have been to the Irish labourers what the Land Acts have been to the farmer — they have completely transformed his economic status in the coilntry.^ IG. p. Bcvan. 'T. W. Rolkston, "Ireland and Poland — A CompariKn" (1917). 'Prof. M. Bonn, of Municli University. "Modern Ireland and Her Agrariaa Problem,** translated from Die iriscke Agrarjrage. 3T. W. RoUeston, "Ireland and Poland — A Comparison" (1917). 'Padraic Colum, "My Irish Year" (1909). *T. W. Rolleston, "Ireland and Poland — A Comparison (1917). GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS «53 SYNOPSIS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM (Sec Map, p. 33) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland consists of the kingdom of England, the principality of Wales, the kingdom of Scotland, and the kingdom of Ireland. The crowns of England and Scotland were united in 1603; the parliaments in 1707. The parliaments of Ireland and Great Britain were united January 1, 1 801, when the Legislative Union went into effect. The island of Great Britain consists of England, Wales, and Scotland; it is 600 miles long and has an area of nearly 90,000 square miles. Great Britain is the largest island in Europe. Ireland has an area of 32,360 square miles, and is about one-third the size of Great Britain. The two islands are separated by the Irish Sea. Besides the two largest islands, the British Isles consist of about 500 small islands. The British Isles are really outstanding parts of a submarine plateau, which is a continuation of the European continent. At some remote time, the British Isles formed part of the Continent. The North Sea on the east of Great Britain is so shallow that if St. Paul's Cathedral, which Is 370 feet high, was set down in the middle of it, nearly half of the edifice would stand clear out of the water. Boundaries. — ^The United Kingdom is bounded on the east by the North Sea; on the southeast by the Strait of Dover (21 miles wide), separating England from France; on the south by the English Channel; and on the southwest, west, and north by the Atlantic. Ireland is separated from Great Britain by St. George's Channel, the Irish Sea, and the North Channel (13 miles wide). Coast Line. — The coast, especially on the west, is much indented. The coast line of Scotland is so irregular that its length is about 2,500 miles, or 500 miles more than that of England, though the country itself is so much smaller. Ireland is more regular in form than Scotland, and its coast line is about the same as that of England. The British Isles contain many good harbours. Mountains. — ^The mountains of Great Britain lie mostly in the west and north. In England the Pennine Range runs from the centre almost to the Cheviots in the north, the latter forming a natural boundary between England and Scotland. West of the Pennines is a circular range of hills in Cumber- land with the highest point in England, Scajell (3,210 feet). Wales is principally highlands, the Cambrian Mountains running from the southwest to northeast, their highest points being Snowdon (3,570 feet), and Plynlymmon (2,469 feet); in South Wales are the Black Mountains {Brecknock Beacon, 2,910 feet). Scotland contains two groups of highlands in the north and centre, the Northern Highlands and the Grampians. The latter provide in Ben Nevis (4,406 feet) and Ben Muich Dhui (4,296 feet) the highest points in Scotland and the United Kingdom. Between the Grampians and the Cheviots are the lowlands of Scotland, in which its capital (Edinburgh) and largest city (Glasgow) are situated. Ireland contains many isolated hills around its coasts, with a great plain in the centre from 50 to 350 feet above sea-level. The highest points in Ireland are Carrantuohill (3,414 feet) and Beenkeragh (3,314 feet), in the Macgillicuddy Reeks of Kerry; Galtymore (3,015 feet); and Muilrea (2,688 feet), in Mayo. Rivers. — ^The rivers of England and Scotland, owing to the general eleva- tion of the west and the low-lying plains of the east, flow mainly into the North Sea. The principal rivers of England are the Thames (210 miles), which flows through Oxford, Windsor, and London; the Great Ouse (160 miles); the Trent (170 miles), which flows through Burton and Nottingham to form the Humber upon which is situated Hull; the Tyne on which stands Newcastle; and in the west of England the Severn (180 miles) and the Mersey (70 miles). The Mersey is important as the waterway of Liverpool, and is connected with Manchester by a ship canal. The principal rivers of Scotland are the Clyde Xgo miles), flowing west by Glasgow to the Firth of Clyde; the Forth (60 miles); the Tweed (96 miles), which forms a boundary of England and Scotland at Berwick; the Tay (120 miles); and the Dee (70 miles), on which is situated Aberdeen. In Ireland are the Shannon (225 miles) the largest river in the British Isles; the Erne, Foyle, Bann, Liffey, on which stands Dublin, the Boyne, near which the Battle of the Boyne was fought in 1690, the Slaney, Barrow, Blackwater, and the Lee. . Lakes. — ^The lake district of England, mainly in Cumberland but partly in Westmorland and Lancashire, contains a circle of picturesque lakes, o[ which Windermere (10 miles long), Ullswater, and Derwentwater are the larg- est. Wales has but one large lake in Bala Water (4 miles long). Scotland, particularly in the Highlands, abounds in lakes, of which the largest is Ixich Lomond (24 miles), the largest in Britain. Ireland contains the largest lake in the United Kingdom in Lough Neagh (area 183 square miles), and is inter- spersed with lakes in the north and west. In the highlands of Kerry are the famous lakes of Killarney. Climate. — The climate of the British Isles is influenced by the prevaiUng southwest wmds and by the existence of the Gulf Stream. The prevailing wmds cause a plentiful rainfall in the western region, the average fall being highest m Ireland. The Gulf Stream from the Gulf of Mexico divides at the southwest extremity of Ireland and at Land's End (Cornwall), the former current skirting the north of Scotland, and reuniting with the southern arm in the North Sea. The climate of the British Isles is thus warm and more equable than that of other lands between the same parallels, and its harbours are free from ice all the year round. London has a mean temperature in January of 39.3° F., and in July 62.7° F. Dublin has 41.2° and 57.2° F., Edinburgh 37.7° and 57.2° F. Falmouth, on the south coast, has a mean temperature of 44.6° F. in January, and 59.4° F. in July. See Climate Map of Europe, pp. 24, 25. ENGLAND AND WALES (See Map, p. 34) Natural Productions. — (i) Agriculture. "In no other country in the world," says Dr. Carl Zehden, " is the soil so thoroughly and so gen- erally utilized; the whole land looks like a well-cultivated garden. And in no other country is the productiveness of the land so stimulated by scientific means, such as drainage, irrigation, the use of artificial fertilizers and agri- cultural machinery. The chief reasons for this advanced state of agriculture are to be looked for in the smallness of the farms and the high prices com- manded by farm produce." In England the area under cultivation is esti- mated at three-quarters of the whole; in Wales at more than one-half. The grain crops are grown chiefly in the eastern and southeastern parts of England. The chief crops are wheat, oats, barley, beans, peas, potatoes, turnips, hops (in Kent, Surrey, Worcester, and Hereford), apples and pears (chiefly in Hereford, Worcester, and Devon), and garden produce (near London and the large towns). (2) Cattle and Sheep Farming. — Of recent years more attention has been given to pasture than to arable cultivation. Dairy farming is carried on in Cheshire and Staffordshire, and in Buckingham and other south central counties. Sheep farming is carried on in Lincolnshire, Nottingham, Leices- ter, Northampton, Rutland, Yorkshire, and in the south of England. (3) Fisheries. — ^The fisheries are very important. Fleets of fishing vessels trawl all the year round on the Dogger Bank and over the North Sea, sending in the catch daily by special fast steamers to various ports especially London, where Billingsgate is the largest fish-market in the world. Soles, plaice, and other flat fish, and herrings, are caught on the Dogger Bank. Pilchards and mackerel are taken off the coast of Cornwall, and oysters are cultivated in the Wash, Thames, and other shallow estuaries. (4) Minerals. — England and Wales are rich in minerals. The chief minerals are coal and iron — the main sources of the wealth of the country — lead, copper, zinc, tin, salt, marble, slate, and building-stone. The principal coal fields are: (i) the Northumberland and Durham coal field (chief centre, Newcastle-upon-Tyne); (2) the Yorkshire and Derbyshire coal field, between Leeds and Derby; (3) the Lancashire coal field, between the Ribble and the Mersey; (4) the North Staffordshire coal field, in "The Potteries" district; (5) the South Staffordshire coal field, in the Wolver>- hampton iron district; (6) the Bristol coal field; and (7) the South Wales coal field. The coal fields have an area of more than 12,000 square miles — twice the size of Yorkshire. Manufactures. — The principal manufactures, with their chief centres, are: Carpets (Axminster, Halifax, and Kidderminster); chemicals (Cheshire, Lancashire, and Tyneside); cottons (South Lancashire in Manchester, Black- burn, Preston, Oldham, Bolton, etc.); cutlery, tools, etc. (Shefiield and the Birmingham districts); cycles and motor cars (Coventry, Birmingham, Wol- verhampton) ;^ar(/ifrafar^ ("The Potteries": Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, etc., Worcester, Derby, and London); glass (St. Helens, Warrington, etc.); hardware, machinery, etc. (Birmingham, Dudley, Wolverhampton, Newcastle, Leeds, and Lincoln); lace and hosiery (Nottingham, Derby, Leicester, and Worcester, and to some extent the southwest counties); leather and hoots (Northampton, Stafford, Kettering, Norwich, and Leicester); silk (Man- chester, Macclesfield, Derby, and Spitalfields in London); straw plaiting (Bedford, Hertford, and Buckingham); watches and jewellery (Birmingham, London, Coventry, and Manchester); and woollens (West Riding of York- shire, West of England, Wales, etc.). Shipbuilding. — The chief shipbuilding centres are: the Tyneside, Durham ports, Barrow-in-Furness, Birkenhead, Middlesborough, and London. COUNTIES, TOWNS, AND INDUSTRIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES (See Map, p. 34.) COUNTIES AND INDUSTRIES Sis: Northern Counties Northumberland. Mining and metal working. Cumberland. Agriculture; coal, iron, and lead mining. Westmorland. Agriculture. Durham. Coal and iron min- ing, ironworks, cattle breeding. Yorkshire. Agriculture, wool, linen, cutlery, coal and iron mining, ironworks. Lancashire. Cotton, coal min- ing, ironworks. chief towns and their industries Newcastle-upon-Tyne* (coal, iron, shipbuilding, chemi- cals, glass), Berwick-upon-Tweed (salmon fishing), Hexham (hats, gloves). North Shields (coal, ship- ping). Carlisle^ (railway centre), Whitehaven and Maryport (coal), Workington (coal, steel works), Penrith (agriculture), Keswick. AppUby, Kendal (woollen). Durham\, Sunderland (shipbuilding, coal), Gateshead (iron, chemicals), Jarrow (chemicals, shipbuilding). South Shields (shipping, coal), Darlington and Stock- ton (iron), Hartlepool (exports coal). York], Doncaster, Knaresborough and Northallertoa (farming centres), Middlesborough (steel, iron, salt), Scarborough and Whitby (watering-places), Hull (chief port of the county); Leeds, Bradford, Halifax, Huddersfield, Dewsbury, and Keighley (woollen); Wakefieldf (corn, cattle), Shefheldt (cutlery, steel), Rotherham (steel, iron, coal), Barnsley (linen, steel, iron, coal), Riponf, Richmond. Lancaiter (cotton), Liverpoolt (shipping, chief port for American trade; sugar refining, cotton, engine and machine works), Manchestert (cotton, engine and machine works), Salford, Bolton, Blackburn, Pres- ton, Bury, Wigan, Oldham (cotton); Rochdale (cotton, flannel), St. Helen's (glass, chemicals) Widnes (soap, soda, chemicals), Barrow-in-Fumesa (steel, jute, shipping), Warrington (wire, iron, soap), Southport, Blackpool. 254 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS COUNTIES, TOWNS, AND INDUSTRIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES— Connnwi COUNTIES AND INDUSTRIES Six WesUm Counties Cheshire. Cheese-ma Icing, salt mining and refining. Shropshire. Agriculture, coal mining, ironworks, pottery. Herefordshire. , Hops, apples; cattle breeding. Monmouthshire. Agriculture, coal and iron mining. Gloucestershire. Agricul- ture, coal mining, stone quar- ries. Somerset. Dairy farms, coal mining. Fioe Easum Counties Lincolnshire. Agriculture, iron mining. Norfolk. Agricultufe, fisheries. Suffolk. Agriculture. Essex. Agriculture. Cambridgeshire. Agriculture. Nine Souikem Counties Kent. Agriculture, hops, fruit, lime, and bricks. Sussex. Agriculture, sheep farming. hops, Surrey. Agriculture, manufac- tures. Berkshire or Berks. Agricul- ture, nurseries. Hampshire or Hants. Agricul ture, hops. Wiltshire or Wilts. Sheep- farming, cloth. Dorset. Dairy farms, china- clay, building stone. Devonshire. Agriculture, cop- per, tin, china-clay, granite. Cornwall. Copper, tin, and lead mining, china-clay, granite Fourteen Midland Counties Nottinghamshire or Notts Agriculture, tace, hosiery, silk, coal and iron mines. Derbyshire. Agriculture; coal. iron, and lead mining. Staffordshire. Coal and iron mining, pottery, brewing. Worcestershire. Agriculture; coal, iron, and salt mining; pot- tery. Warwickshire. Agriculture, metal trades, coal mining. Leicestershire. Agriculture, hosiery, boots and shoes, coal mining. Rutland. Agriculture. Northamptonshire. Agricul- ture, iron mining, boots and shoes. Huntingdonshire. Agricul- ture. Bedfordshire. Agriculture, straw plaiting. Hertfordshire or Herts. Ag- riculture, malting. Middlesex. Market-gardens, brick-making, manufactures, trade and commerce of London. Buckinghamshire or Bucks. Oxfordshire. Agriculture. Twelve Welsh Counties Flintshire. Lead, iron, and coal mining. Denbighshire. Sheep-farming. Carnarvonshire. Sheep-farm- ing, slate quarrying. Anglesea. Copper mining, ag- riculture. Montgomeryshire, Agricul- ture; lead mining, Bannel. Merionethshire. Slate and lead working; sheep farming. Cardiganshire. Agriculture lead mining. Radnorshire. Agriculture. Brecknockshire. Agriculture. Glamorganshire. Coal min- ing, iron and smelting works. Carmarthenshire. Coal min- ing, iron and smelting works. Pembrokeshire. Agriculture. CHIEF towns and THEIR INDUSTRIES Chester^, Birkenhead (shipbuilding), Stockport (cot- ton), Northwich (salt), Macclesfield (silk), Crewe (engines, railway centre), Stalybridge (cotton), Runcorn (iron, chemicals). Shrewsbury (flannel), Wellington (coal), Bridgcnorth (carpets), Oswestry (woollen). Hereford^, Leominster. Monmouth, Newport (port for minerals), Tredegar and Pontypool (iron, coal). Gloucester^ (timber), Bristolf (glass, sugar, tobacco, coal), Cheltenham (mineral springs), Stroud (woollen). Taunton, Bath (mineral springs\ Bridgewater (pottery), Frome (cloth, ale), Yeovil gloves), Wellsf. Lincoln] (agricultural machinery), Grimsby and Bos- ton (fishing, timber), Grantham (corn), Gainsborough (machinery). Norwich] (boots and shoes, crape, shawls), Yarmouth (fish curing). Ipswich] (agricultural implements), Lowettoft (her- ring fishery). Bury St. Edmunds. Chelmsford] (agricultural machinery), Harwich (port for Holland and Belgium), Shoeburyness (artillery station). West Ham (chemicals, soap), Colchester. Cambridge, Elyt, Wisbeach (corn). Maidstone (hop trade), Chatham (naval arsenal), Sheerness (naval arsenal), Woolwich (military ar- senal), Greenwich (famous observatory), Dover and Folkestone (ports for traffic with France), Tun- bridge Wells, Ramsgate, Margate (watering-places); Rochesterf, Canterbury. f Lewes (corn), Brighton, Hastings, and Eastbourne (watering-places), Chichester.f Guildford, Croydon (corn), Epsom. Reading (nursery gtrdens), Windsor, Wantage. Winchester] Portsmouth (naval arsenal), Southampton (mail steamship station), Newport, Ryde, Ventnor, Cowes (watering-places in Isle of Wight). Salisbury] (corn), Swindon (railway works), Trow- bridge (cloth), Devizes (corn), Marlborough. Dorchester (cloth), Poole (china-clay), Weymouth (watering-place), Bridport (flax spinning). Exeter], Plymouth (seaport), Devonport (shipbuilding), Honiton and Tiverton (lace), Tavistock (copper mining), Torquay (watering-place), Axminster (car- pets), Brixham (fishing), Tcignmouth, Dawlish, Ex- mouth, Sidmouth, Dartmouth, Ilfracombe. Bodmin (worsted), Trurot (copper mining), Penzance, Falmouth, St. Ives and Padstow (fisheries); Laun- ceston (mining). Nottingham (lace, hosiery), Newark Oinen, malt, corn), Worksop (malt, timber), Southwell. f Derby (silk), Glossop (cotton), Chesterfield (lace, cot- ton, silk), Matlock and Buxton (mineral springs). Stafford (boots), Burton-upon-Trent (brewing); Wolver- hampton, West Bromwich, Walsall, Wednesbury, Bilston: — called the "Black Country' (iron); Han- ley^ Stoke, Burslem, Tunstall: — called the " Pot- teries" (pottery); Lichfield. t Worcester] (porcelain), Malvern (watering-place), Dudley (coal, iron, hardware), Kidderminster (car- pets), Stourbridge (glass, pottery), Droitwich (salt). War:vick, Birmingham! (hardware, jewellery, pins, screws, machines, guns, cutlery, pens, etc.), Coventry (bicycles, watches, clocks, ribbons), Leamington (watering-place), Rugby, Stratford-on-Avon. Leicester (hosiery, boots and shoes), Loughborough (hosiery), Ashby de la Zouche (coal). Oakham. Northampton (boots and shoes, iron), Kettering and Wellingborough (shoes, iron), Peterborough! (rail- way centre). Huntingdon. Bedford (agricultural machinery), Luton and Dunstable (straw plaiting). Hertford (malting and seed mills, lace, straw plaiting), St. Albans. t London] (leather, watches, silk, clothing, boots and shoes, pottery, candles, soap, chemicals, etc.), Brent- ford (distilling, brewing, chemicals), Harrow, Staines, Uxbridge. Buckingham (lace), Aylesbury (condensed milk), Eton. Oxford], Banbury (cakes), Witney (blankets). Mold (coal and lead mining), Holywell, St. Asaph, f Rhyl. Denbigh (tanning and shoemaking), Wrexham. Carnanon, Pcnrhyn and Bangor f (slate quarrying), Conway, Beaumaris (watering-place), Holyhead (packet sta- tion for Dublin. Montgomery: Welshpool and Newton (flannel weaving). Doleelly (flannels and tweeds), Barmouth (watering- place). Cardigan Aberystwyth (watering-place). ♦ Neto Radnor Brecon. Cardiff (shipping port for coal), Swansea (iron works, copper smelting) Merthyr Tydvil (coal, steel), Llandaff.t Carmarthen ''metal works) Llanelly (shipping port for coal, iron, copper). Pembroke St. David's. t SCOTLAND (See Map, p. 25) Natural Productions. — Agriculture is one of the chief industries of Scotland. The crops are raised mainly in the plains and valleys of the east and south. The chief crops are oats, (the principal cereal on the oceanic border), wheat (in the Lothians, Fife, and the Merse of Berwick) barley, ■potatoes, and turnips. Potatoes and turnips are called "green crops." The average crop of roots in Scotland amounts to half that of England. Cattle are reared chiefly in Aberdeen, Ayr, and Wigtown; sheep in the Highlands and southern uplands. Butter and cheese are produced mainly in the southwest. Clydesdale and Shetland are noted for their horses. Minerals. — The most important minerals found in Scotland are: coal and iron (in the basins of the Forth and Clyde); lead (in the Lowther Hills and in Argyll); granite (chiefly in Aberdeenshire and Kirkcudbrightshire); slate, for roofing (in Argyllshire and Perthshire) ; marble (in Sutherland, Perth, and Lewis). Manufactures. — ^The principal manufactures of Scotland, with their chief centres, are: Cotton goods (Glasgow and Paisley); linens (Dundee, Montrose, Arbroath, and Forfar); fine linens (Dunfermline and Paisley); woollens (Hawick, Galashiels, Aberdeen, Kilmarnock, and Bannockburn); thread (Paisley); carpets (Kilmarnock and Dundee); viachinery (Glasgow, Dundee, and Falkirk); iron and steel (Glasgow, Airdrie, Coatbridge, and Dundee); shipbuilding (Glasgow and other towns on the Clyde, Aberdeen, Dundee, and Leith). CHIEF TOWNS AND INDUSTRIES OF SCOTLAND (See Map p. 35) TOWN county PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES Highlands Aberdeen Aberdeen Granite works, shipbuilding; cotton, wool, and paper manufactures. Inverness Inverness Shipping. Kirkwall Orkney and Shetland (Seaport.) Lerwick Orkney and Shetland Whale and sea fishing. Peterhead Aberdeen Herring fishery, granite. Stornoway Ross Fishing. Strom N ess Orkney and Shetland Shipbuilding. Thurso Caithness Exports paving-stones; packet station for Stromness and Kirkwall in the Orkneys. Wick Caithness Chief seat of herring fishery. Midlands Arbroath Forfar Canvas, yarn, and sailcloth manufactures; shipping. Campbeltown Argyll Distillenes. Carron Stirling Ironworks. Crieff Perth Jam, linen and woollen manufactures. Cupar Fife Linen manufactures. Dumbarton Dumbarton Shipbuilding, iron foundries. Dundee Forfar Shipbuilding, iron foundries; chief seat of linen and Jute manufactures. Dunfermline Fife Linen manufactures. Falkirk Stirling Centre of iron and coal districts; noted cattle markets, called "trysts." Inverary Argyll Fishing. Montrose torfar Linen manufactures. Oban Argyll (Seaport.) Perth Perth (Ancient capital of Scotland). Textiles. Rothesay Bute (Watering-place.) Stirling Stirling (Famous castle. Bannockburn is near). STONEHAVfiN Kincardine Herring fishery. Lowlands Airdrie Lanark Coal and iron. Ayr Ayr Exports coal and iron. Dumfries Dumfries Noted cattle market. Dunbar Haddington Herring fishery. Edinburgh Edinburgh (Capital of Scotland). Brewing; large book trade. Galashiels Selkirk Woollen manufactures. Glasgow Lanark Shipbuilding, ironworks; textile, machinery, chemical, pottery, and glass manufactures. Greenock Renfrew Shipbuilding, sugar refining. Hamilton Lanark Lace and muslin manufactures. Hawick Roxburgh Woollen manufactures. Jedburgh Kilmarnock Roxburgh Woollen manufactures. Ayr Ironworks, engineering; carpet and woollen manufactures. Leith Edinburgh Large shipping trade with Baltic and North Sea ports; shipbuilding. Threaa, shawl, muslin, anc linen manufactures. Paisley Renfrew Peebles Peebles Woollen manufactures. Preston PANS Haddington Brewing. Renfrew Renfrew Muslin and silk manufactures. Selkirk Selkirk Woollen manufactures. IRELAND (See Map, p. 36) Natural Productions. — One half of Ireland is given up to pasture for the country is better adapted for grazing and dairy-farming than for tillage. Potatoes are widely cultivated, and form the most valuable crop. Oats are grown in the east, north, and south. Flax and hemp are largely grown in Ulster for the linen manufacture. Horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs are reared for exportation. Great quantities of butter are shipped to England and Scotland. There are few minerals. Some inferior coal and a little iron are found; copper and lead are found in small quantities in the south and southwest. Peat is the chief fuel. Manufactures. — The chief manufacture is lineyi, which is mostly con- fined to Ulster. Shipbuilding is carried on at Belfast and Cork. *The county town if givcB 6r8t. fCathedral city. GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS 255 CHIEF TOWNS AND INDUSTRIES OF IRELAND (See Map, p. 36) TOWN county principal industries Armagh Armagh. U.» (Ecclesiastical metropolis of Ireland.) Belfast Antrim, U. Linen manufactures, iron foundries, engineer- ing, shipbuilding, large export trade. Cork Cork, M. Shipbuilding, distilleries; large export trade in cattle and butter. D ROCHE DA Louth, L. Linen and cotton manufactures; exports provisions. Dublin Dublin, L. (Capital of Ireland.) Whisky distilling, porter brewing, manu- facture of poplins; larpe export trade. DUNDALC Louth, L. Fisheries; grain and cattle exports. Galway Galway, C. Fisheries; exports black marble, and agri- cultural produce. Kilkenny Kilkenny, L. Marble works. KiLLARNEY Kerry, M. (Noted for its beautiful scenery.) Kingstown Dublin, L. (Packet station for Holyhead.) Limerick Limerick, M. Flour-mills, lace, gloves; coasting and foreign trade. Londonderry, Londonderry, L. Linen manufactures, coasting and general trade. Newry Down, U. Linen and cotton manufactures. Queenstown Tipperary Cork, M. (Port of call for American vessels.) Tipperary, M. Corn and dairy produce. Waterford Waterford, M. Wexford, L. Exports, agricultural produce. Wexford Exports, provisions, cattle, and dairy produce. *U. = Ulster. L. = Leinster, M. = Munster, C. = Connaught. Chief Ports in the United Kingdom. — (i) England and Wales. — London, Liverpool, Cardiff, Newcastle and Shields, Southampton, Hull, Plymouth, Newport, Grimsby, Dover, Manchester, Middlesbrough, Swan- sea, Sunderland, Folkestone, Bristol, and Blyth. (2) Scotland. — Glasgow, Leith, Methil, Grangemouth, Dundee, Aber- deen, and Greenock. (3) Ireland. — Cork, Belfast, and Dublin. Chief Commercial Towns. — London, Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow, Belfast, and Birmingham, are the leading commercial towns in the United Kingdom. London is the great commercial capital, not of Great Britain alone, but of the world. London does the chief trade with the Orient. Liverpool does the main American trade, and exports more British produce and manufactures than any other port. Commerce. — One fifth of the entire trade of the world, and one third of the entire trade of Europe pass through English hands. The raw materials and produce of the world are imported into Great Britain, which pays for them with its manufactures. *'It is here that the great value and advantage of the EngHsh trade lies, as compared, for example, with the trade of the Dutch. The latter must procure foreign manufactures to pay for their imports, while the British themselves manufacture the raw material, and dis- pose of the manufactured article at a high price in the very spot whence they obtained the raw material at the lowest cost. In this way the great trading firms and the great manu- facturing firms work into each other's hands, a fact which goes far to explain how English- made goods are cheap as well as solid. "^ The principal countries with which Great Britain is engaged in trade are the United States, France, and Germany, besides an extensive trade with the British colonies and other foreign countries. (i) With the United States. — British trade with the United States is about twice as large as that with any other country. The imports from America are much greater than the exports to it. From America is obtained large quantities of foodstuffs and raw materials, especially cotton, copper, iron, and steel; also animal and mineral oils, tobacco, and wood; while to it Great Britain sends metal goods, textiles, India rubber, chemicals, drugs, dyes, wines, spirits, and a great variety of commodities. (2) With France. — Wines and brandy, silken and woollen goods, and many minor foodstuffs are supplied to England; while in return France re- ceives coal, textiles, colonial wool, and various manufactures. (3) With Germany. — Foodstuffs, including a large quantity of beet sugar, are imported from Germany; while to it England sends wool and woollens, cotton and cotton goods, metals and machinery. Chief Imports. — (i) Food, Drink, and Tobacco: Wheat, barley, oats, maize, rice, wheatmeal and flour, live animals, meat and bacon, butter, cheese, eggs, fish, fruit, lard, margarine, vegetables, wine, sugar, tobacco, coffee, tea, and other colonial produce. (2) Raw Materials: Cotton, wool, jute, skins and furs, hides, leather, metallic ores, oils, timber, paper-making materials. (3) Manufactured Goods: Cottons, woollens, silks, machinery, auto- mobiles, earthenware, glass, apparel, chemicals, dyes, etc. Chief Exports. — (i) Food, Drink, and Tobacco: Grain and flour, meat, beer and ale, biscuits and cakes, herrings, spirits, tobacco. (2) Raw Materials: Coal, iron, tin, salt, copper, lead, wool, oilseeds, hides. (3) Manufactured Goods: Cottons and yarn, haberdashery; woollen, linen, jute, leather, India rubber, and silk goods; apparel, machinery, hard- ware, cutlery, arms and ammunition, electrical goods, jewellery, railway plant; earthenware, glass, chemicals, drugs, carriages and carts, ships, paper and books. Communications. — The United Kingdom is traversed by about 1,800 miles of navigable rivers, 4,670 miles of canals, and 24,000 miles of railway. The Manchester Ship Canal, opened in 1894, has a total length of 36 miles, and connects Manchester with the Mersey port of Liverpool. Most of the great English railways radiate from London; and there is a close network all over the country. Of the lines which go north, the principal are the London and Northwestern (Euston Station to Carlisle, via Rugby, Stafford, Crewe, Wigan, Preston, and Lancaster; by the Caledonian it goes on to Glasgow and Edinburgh); the Midland (St. Pancras Station to Derby and 'C. Zehden, "Commercul Geography of the World" (1893). Carlisle; by the Scottish Southwestern it goes to Glasgow); and the Great Northern (King's Cross to York, via Peterborough, Grantham, and Doncas- ter; then on to Newcastle and Berwick by the Northeastern, and to Edinburgh and Glasgow by the North British). Of the lines which go west, the most important are the Great Western (Paddington Station to Bristol, Exeter, Plymouth, Penzance, and to Cardiff and Milford) and the Southwestern (Waterloo Station to Salisbury and Exeter, and to coast towns of Portsmouth, Southampton, and Weymouth). The most important line to the south is the London, Brighton, and South Coast (London Bridge and Victoria Stations). The principal lines to the east are the Great Eastern (Liverpool Street Station to Cambridge and towns in the eastern counties); the Southeastern (Charing Cross to Dover and Folkestone); and the London, Chatham, and Dover, the chief line to the Continent (Holborn and Victoria Stations to Dover.) Other important lines are the Lancashire and Yorkshire; the Manchester and Liverpool; and the Northeastern. In Scotland there are the North British (Glasgow to Edinburgh and Berwick); the Caledonian (Edinburgh and Glas- gow to Carlisle) ; the Glasgow and Southwestern (Glasgow and Kilmarnock to Carlisle) ; and the Highland (Perth to Inverness and W ick, and Dingwall to Strome). The Irish Railway System radiates in all directions from Dublin; but as the population is not dense, and there are few targe towns, the network is less close than in England. From Dublin run the Dublin, Wicklow, and ff^exford, the Great Southern and Western (to Cork, Limerick, Killarney.and Tralee); Midland and Great Western (to Galway, with branches to the north and northwest); and the Dublin and Belfast. From Dundalk runs the Irish Northwestern to Londonderry; and from Belfast runs the Belfast and Northern Counties, through Antrim to Londonderry. The Telegraph and the Telephone are government monopolies. There are 265,000 miles of telegraph wires and about 2,900,000 miles of telephone wires in the United Kingdom. Government. — The British constitution is mainly unwritten and cus- tomary, but its development is marked by certain fundamental laws, of which the principal are Magna Carta (12 ij), which secured annual parlia- ments and the equal administration of justice; the Habeas Corpus Act (1679), which established the liberty of the person; the Jet of Settlement (1701), which provided for the Protestant succession to the throne; the Act of Union with Scotland (1707) and the Act of Union with Ireland (1800), which created the United Kingdom; and the Parliament Act (191 1), which enabled the Commons to pass certain acts without the adherence of the House of Lords. (1) The Sovereign.— The throne is hereditary in the House of Windsor (formerly Saxe-Coburg-Gotha). 1 he monarchy is constitutional and limited. The King has a right to veto bills passed by Parliament, but in practice his veto is almost obsolete. (2) The Legislature. — Parliament is composed of the Sovereign and the Three Estates of the Realm, which are the Lords Spiritual, the Lords Tem- poral, and the Commons. The Lords Spiritual and Temporal form the House of Lords, consisting of 632 members. A peer may hold his seat by (i) hereditary right; (2) creation by the King; (3) ofiicial position or election. Irish peers are elected for life, and Scottish peers for the duration of Parlia- ment. Members of the Upper House receive no remuneration. The House of Commons, the Lower House, consists of 670 members, (465 for England, 30 for Wales, 72 for Scotland, and 103 for Ireland), elected by the registered male electors in county, borough, and university constit- uencies. Roughly speaking, about one sixth of the population are electors. The maximum duration of Parliament is five years. Members of the House of Commons receive $2,000 per annum. (3) Imperial Dominions. — British dominions beyond the seas consist of colonies, dependencies, and protectorates. These may be divided into three classes, according to the way in which they are governed: — (i) Responsible governments, possessing a separate constitution; e. g., Canada, Newfoundland, Australia, New Zealand, and the Union of South Africa. (2) Representative governments, in which the legislature is partly elected and partly controlled by the Governor representing the crown; e. g.. The Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British Guiana, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Mauritius, and Malta. (3) Crown colonies: (a) Where there is government by a Governor acting with an executive and a legislative council, the councils being nom- inated by the Crown or a Governor representing the Crown: ;•. g., Ceylon, Falkland Islands, Fiji, Gambia, Hongkong, St. Vincent, Sierra Leone, Straits Settlements, Trinidad. {b) Wherein both legislative and executive power are vested in the Governor alone; e. g., Gibraltar, Labuan, and St. Helena. The Indian Empire is administered by a Governor-General or \'iceroy and a council appointed by the Crown. For legislative purpos^, a partly elected and partly nominated Imperial Council exists. Protectorates are countries which, as regards their foreign relations, are under the exclusive control of the crown; e. g., British East Africa, Somali- land, Nyasaland, Uganda, Swaziland, and Nigeria. Spheres of influence are areas wherein other Powers undertake not to at- tempt to acquire influence or territory by treaty or annexation. (4) Local Government. — Local government is carried out under the central control of Local Government Boards. The subjects which local bodies administer are, inter alia, the Poor Law; the laws relating to public health; the maintenance of the police; the control of the sale of intoxicating liquors; the provision of lunatic asylums. Local authorities have to ad- minister and carry into effect the laws as to elementan.' and other schools. Scotland and Ireland each have an elaborate system of local government. The ruling principle has been to entrust such interests to those specially interested. In England and Wales there are elective Councils for each county (under Chairmen), for each city and county borough (under Lord Mayors or Mayors), and for urban :and rural districts (under Chairmen), every parish being thus included. as6 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS BRITISH DOMINIONS DOMINIONS 1 HOW ACQUIRED DATE AREA Isq. miles) POPULATION Europe United Kingdom 121,090 45,500,000 Isle of Man 230 50,000 Channel Islands 70 97,000 Malta and Gozo Treaty Cession 1814' • '^o 211,000 Gibraltar Treaty Cession 17>3 2 20,000 JsU Indian Empire Con. & Treaty ■757-1897 1,900,000 315,000,000 Ceylon Treaty Cession 1 801 25,500 4,100,000 Straits Settlements Treaty Cession 1785-1909 1,770 700,000 Federated Malay States Treaty Cession 1874-1888 27,700 1,000,000 Other Malay States Treaty Cession 1909 14,200 800,000 Hongkong Treaty Cession 1842-1906 390 440,000 Weihaiwei Treaty Cession 1898 300 160,000 North Borneo Cession 1877 31,100 204,000 Brunei Treaty Cession 1888 4,000 30,000 Sarawak Protectorate 1888 50,000 650,000 Cyprus Treaty Cession* 1878 3,600 275,000 Africa Union of South Africa: 1 Cape Province Treaty Cession 1814 277,000") Natal Annexation 1843 35,400 ( 5, 100,000 Transvaal Annexation 1900 110,400 ( Orange Free State Annexation 1900 50,40oJ Basutoland Annexation 1868 10,300 350,000 Bechuanaland Annexation 1895 275,000 126,000 Swaziland Annexation 1903 6,678 100,000 Rhodesia Annexation 1889 450,000 1,750,000 British West Africa: Gambia Treaty Cession 1807 4,000 146,000 Gold Coast Colony Treaty Cession 1672 80,000 1,400,000 Sierra Leone Treaty Cession 1787 34,000 1,100,000 Nigeria Treaty Cession 1891 333,700 17,000,000 Somaliland Treaty Cession 1884 68,000 300,000 East Africa Protectorate Treaty Cession 1888 182,000 4,000,000 Uganda Treaty Cession 1894 223,500 2,500,000 Zanzibar Treaty Cession 1890 1,020 200,000 Nyasaland Treaty Cession 1891 300,000 1,000,000 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Occupation! 1882 400,000 1 2,000,000 Conquest 1898 1,000,000 2,000,000 Mauritius Conq. & Cession 1810-1814 720 370,000 Seychelles Treaty Cession 1S14 150 23,000 Ascension Occupation 181S 40 150 St. Helena Conquest 1673 47 3.500 America Dominion of Canada: Ontario Conq. & Cession 1759-1763 407,262 Quebec Conq. & Cession 1759-1763 706,834 Nova Scotia Conq. & Cession 1627-1713 21,428 New Brunswick Treaty Cession 1763 27,985 Prince Edward Island Conquest 1745-1763 2,184 British Columbia Settlement 1670 355,85s 7,200,000 Manjajb^ Settlep^ent ' Settlement I8tl 1 570 211,832 255,285 Alberta Saskatchewan Settlement 1670 251,700 Yukon Settlement I8r)8t 207,076 Northwest Territories Settlement 1670 1,242,224 , Newfoundland Treaty Cession 1583 40,000 240,000 Labrador Treaty Cession 1763 120,000 4,000 British West Indies: Jamaica Conquest l6s5 4,200 855,000 Bahamas Settlement 1629 4,400 56,000 Leeward Islands Settlement 1623-1659 750 140,000 Windward Islands Cession 1763-1783 510 200,000 Barbados Settlement 1 60s 170 196,000 Trinidad and Tobago Conquest 1797 1,860 330,000 British Guiana Conq. & Cession 1803-1814 90,300 310,000 British Honduras Settlement 1798 8,600 40,500 Bermuda Settlement l6l2 20 19,000 Falkland Islands Treaty Cession 1771 6,500 3,240 South Georgia Treaty Cession 1771 1,000 Australasia Commonwealth of Australia: New South Wales Settlement 1788 309,460 1 ,650,000 Victoria Settlement 1832 87,884 1,320,000 South Australia Settlement 1836 380,070 409,000 Queensland Tasmania Settlement 1824 670,500 606,000 Settlement 1803 26,215 191,000 Western Australia Settlement 1828 975,920 282,000 Northern Territory§ Settlement 1836 523,620 4,800 Papua Annexation 1884 90,540 360,000 Federal District 191 1 912 2,000 Dominion of New Zealand Settlement & Conq. 184s 105,000 1,050,000 Fiji Cession from natives 1874 7,500 130,000 Pacific Islands Treaty Cession 1893-1906 J 2,500 13,220,523 200,000 Total .... 434,504,190 •Formally annexed. 1914- tProte torate proclaimed, 1914. {Date of Constitution. NORWA §Part Y f South Australia, till 1910. (See Map, p 37) In the earliest times Norway, like the sister Scandinavian countries of Sweden and Denmark, was divided among petty kings or chiefs, and its people were notorious for their pirat- ical habits. According to the Saga narratives the North- men, or Vikings as they were often called, were the first dis- coverers of America. From the Middle Ages down to the time of Napoleon, Norway was merely a part of the King- dom of Denmark. After the defeat of Napoleon in 1813, it was arranged by the treaty of Vienna in 1814 that Den- mark, which had sided with Napoleon, must cede Norway to Sweden, and the result was the union of the two countries under the Swedish crown. The union was not unaccom- panied by a certain amount of friction, partly owing to the democratic character of the constitution of Norway, in which country titles of nobility wfere abolished early in the nineteenth century. Norway declared this union dissolved on June 7, 1905, and a mutual agreement for its repeal was signed on October 26, 1905. Grandeur of the Fiords. — Nowhere else in Europe is there such a combination of mountain and ocean scenery as in Norway; nowhere else does the snow-clad peak rise di- rectly out of the sea; while countless torrents, fed from the ice-fields overhead, plunge at one leap into the gorges below. Nowhere are there such sunsets as in the Land of the Mid- night Sun. Language cannot paint that wonderful mystic light which travels around the northern horizon from west to east, so that one cannot tell when a night ends or a day begins. The charm and grandeur of the famous Geiranger fiord are thus pictured by an enthusiastic writer: And what a scene it was! Others that I had beheld in Norway were fine, grand, even sublime, but no adjective has yet been coined that could adequately convey an idea of the stupendous magnificence of the Geiranger fiord. Per- haps, after all, simple facts will most clearly explain the character of this marvellous scene. Imagine then a dark waterway absolutely placid, and in no place more than a few hundred yards wide, bordered on either side by gigantic walls of gray and black granite from four to five thousand feet high. They shoot up in a line so straight that a stone dropped from the summit must fall direct into the water. And these mighty precipices extend all along the course of the fiord for many miles, until at last both shores circle round and join in a vast amphitheatre. Under their deep shadows the vessel creeps silently on, while the voices of the passengers are hushed by the solemnity of the spectacle. It must, indeed, surely be impossible to pass through this dark and awful avenue without being profoundly impressed by its weird and grandiose aspect. It is one of those rare scenes of Nature which overwhelm the mind that contem- plates them. . . . One trifling circumstance enabled me to realize the im- mense height of these gigantic cliffs. The steamers are always followed by a flock of gulls, on the look-out for food, and one of these birds, either satisfied or disappointed by its quest, left us to seek its nest high up among the rocks above. I watched the bird as it flew up the side of the mountain, its white form and flapping wings standing out clearly against the dark gray rock. Little by little it di- minished in size, until, when only half-way up the height, it appeared no bigger than a butterfly, then a mere white speck, and ere it had reached its home it had wholly vanished from sight.' SYNOPSIS OF NORWAY (See Map, p. 37) Norway became a separate kingdom, independent of Sweden, in IQOSj under Prince Charles of Denmark, who assumed the name of Haakon VII. It occupies the western portion of the peninsula of Scandinavia in the north- west of Europe. Climate. — The climate on the west coast is comparatively mild. Part of the country lies within the Arctic Circle, in the region of the polar night and of the midnight sun. The annual mean temperature of Bergen is 44.6" F.; Trondhjem 42.8° F.; and at the North Cape 35.6° F. 'bee Climate Map of Europe, pp. 24, 25. _ Natural Productions. — Agriculture is unable to supply sufficient pro- duce for home consumption hence it is necessary for Norway to import considerable quantities of provisions. The fisheries give employment to a large part of the population throughout the year. The most important are cod and herring. The minerals are few; a little silver and copper are mined. Iron mining has been developed chiefly in the present century. Manufactures. — ^The chief manufacturing industries are timber- dressing, mechanical engineering, textile manufactures, shipbuilding, pulp making, and preserved food (especially fish). Towns. — Christiania (pop. 243,801) is the capital, principal harbour, and the one industrial town. Bergen is the headquarters of the fisheries. Stavan- ger and Trondhjem are other important harbours, Hammerjest, the most northerly town in Europe, is a centre for whale fishing. lE. J. Goodman, "The Best Tour in Norway" (1892). GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS 257 Chief Imports. — These consist chiefly of the necessary articles of con- sumption, and are sent mainly by Great Britain, Germany, Sweden, and the United States. Chief E.xports. — Timber, matches, fish, oil, and other products of the fisheries, pulp, paper, skins and furs, metals, stone, ice, calcium carbide, condensed milk, butter, margarine, canned goods, etc. These go mainly to Great Britain, and the United States. Communications. — The total length of railways is about 2,000 miles, including about 300 miles of private lines. The length of telegraphs and telephones belonging to the state is about 14,000 miles. Government. — The government is a limited monarchy. The Storthing or legislature consists of two chambers, the Lagthing or Upper House- and the Odelsthing or Lower House. The Odelsthing is composed of three fourths of the members of the Storthing, and the Lagthing of the remainder. All new bills originate in the Odelsthing. All other matters (except the in- spection of public accounts, revision of the government, and impeachment, that belong to the Odelsthing) are settled in common sitting. Members are paid $3.20 a day during the session. On November 2, 1907, the independence and territorial integrity of Nor- way was guaranteed by Great Britain, France, Germany, and Russia. SWEDEN (See Map, p. 37)- In the Middle Ages, especially under its celebrated kings Gustavus Adolphus and Charles XII., Sweden played an important role in European affairs, and for a time held con- siderable provinces on the south of the Baltic. After the Napoleonic wars, when so much of Europe was cast into the melting-pot, Sweden was given possession of Norway, but was separated from it again in 1905. Society in Sweden has retained an aristocratic mould, and has been more in- fluenced by European culture than has society in Norway. Stockholm. — Stockholm, the capital, stands at the east- ern outlet of Lake Malar, partly on the mainland and partly on nine holms {holmar) or islands. Its natural beauty and its waterways have earned for it the name of the "Venice of the North," a description which it shares with Amster- dam. Life in Sweden. — In the long northern winter, the people delight in sleighing, skating, skiing, and tobogganing. In the winter, too, comes the great season of Yule, or Christmas. People begin to prepare early for this joyous festival. Everybody has Christmas secrets, for gifts are universal. A few days before Christmas, the boats come into Stockholm laden with trees; and in a short while the streets are filled with the spicy fragrance of the forest. Every house in Sweden, from the King's Palace to the poorest hovel, has its Christmas tree; consequently the supply in the markets and shops is enormous, and on Christmas Eve every other person that you see is carrying home a tree. On Sunday before Christmas Day, an old custom permits the shops to remain open; and according to another old custom there is a special Christmas market in the Stor Torg, where little booths are erected for the occasion, and where, in addition to all the fancy articles, foods and Christmas- tree decorations, the gingerbread Yule pig {Yulgrisen) and Yule goat {Yulbocken) are conspicuous. In every house, from that of the wealthy nobleman to that of the peasant, the same Christmas supper is served: a specially prepared fish for the first course; rice with cream and powdered cinnamon for the second; and roast goose for the third. The Christmas festivities are not over until January 13th, which is called "Twentieth Day Yule." A greater festival, however, is Midsummer's Day. Summer in Sweden is very short. Every one, rejoicing in the bright sunshine, tries to make the most of it while it lasts. The days now are eighteen hours long and there is really no darkness. On June 23rd the tqwn is deserted. Steamboats, trams, trains, cabs, and carriages convey thousands into the country and parks to spend the day on the grass and under the trees. Many carry their lunch baskets and others depend on the restaurants, but all are alike in one matter — they wear flowers or a bit of greenery. The birch bough and leaf are conspicuous everywhere. Cabs, carriages, and boats are masses of moving boughs and garlands. Horses and cabmen are also adorned, and every- where you go, you see the Maypole, sometimes fifty or sixty feet high, gay with ribbons, flowers, garlands, and blue and yellow Swedish flags. The people dance and make merry around it, just as they used to do in England and in this coun- try on the first of May, before the Puritans forbade it. The festivities are kept up all through the night, which is, after all, nothing but a red twilight; and the Midsummer bonfires answer one another from rock to rock until they mingle their lurid gleams with the glowing banners of Odin's Valkyrie daughters— the Dawn Maidens.' SYNOPSIS OF SWEDEN (See Map, p. 37) Sweden occupies the south and east parts of Scandinavia, its surface presenting lowland, rather than highland, characteristics. Its more elevated parts are those on the borders of Norway. The east coast, on the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Bothnia has no deep openings. The rivers and lakes are numerous. The largest river is the Tornea, which rises among the Norwe- gian mountains and flows into the Gulf of Bothnia. The gigantic lakes not only add to the beauty of the scenery, but materially assist the internal com- munication, being connected by lines of canals. Climate. — The lofty table-lands between Norway and Sweden keep back the warm moist winds from the Atlantic; hence Sweden is much drier and colder and has a somewhat continental climate. At Stockholm the mean temperature in January is 24.8° F., and in July 60.8° F. The rainfall varies from 14 to 20 inches. See Climate Map of Europe, pp. 24, 25. Natural Productions. — About one-half of Sweden is covered with forest; only 7 per cent of the land is tilled. Grain is grown mainly on the southern plain. The chief crop is oats; rye is also extensively grown. Cattle rearing i« carried on to some extent; while in the north the Laplanders breed reindeer. Minerals. — Sweden is rich in iron ore, some of it the finest in the world as it is almost entirely free of phosphorous (.05% and less). Zinc, copper, and silver are also mined. The supply of coal is scanty, so much so that charcoal is largely used for smelting, and the quality of the iron is thereby improved. Manufactures. — The manufactories include ironworks, pulp mills, niatch factories, wood-working establishments of all kinds, breweries, dis- tilleries, and chemical works. Electrical energy is largely used for industrial purposes, the great water- falls furnishing an endless supply of power. CHIEF TOWNS AND THEIR INDUSTRIES POP. IN TOWN THOUSANDS PROVINCE PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES Dannbmora 2 Upsala Iron mines. ESKILSTUNA 29 Sodermanland Iron, steel, cutlery. Falun 8 Ge&'T^ Copper mining. Gefle 36 (Port for timber, iron, and copper.) GOTEBORG 178 Goteborg & Bohus Cottons, woollens, matches, engineering. Helsingborg 37 Malmohus Copper, rubber works, breweries. JONKOPING 28 Jonkoping Matches. Karlskrona 24 Biekinge Naval equipments, canvas, leather, brew- eries. Malmo 96 Malmohus (Chief port for German and Danish trade.) ^loRRKOPING 46 Ostergotland Textiles. Orebro 33 Orebro I: on works Stockholm 382 Stockholm Cottons, woollens. Upsala 27 UpsaU (University town.) Capital. — Stockholm, on Lake Malar. Population 382,085. Commerce. — Goteborg is the chief port of Sweden. It is closed for a short period, and is connected to the Baltic by a ship canal. Stockholm has less trade because it is closed in winter and looks only toward Russia. Ger- man trade passes chiefly through Malmo. Commercial travellers in Sweden are compelled to take out a license costing 100 crowns ($26.80) a month. Chief Imports. — Coal is the principal, while iron and steel goods, grain, wool and woollen goods, rank next in importance. Other imports are cofl^ee, wine, tobacco, and other colonial produce, cloth, manure, oils, and fish. Chief Exports. — Timber, iron, steel, wood pulp, butter, paper, matches, stone, iron and zinc ores. Communications. — Sweden has 8,594 miles of railroad, of which 2,746 are the property of the state. There are more than 20,000 miles of tele- graph wires (exclusive of railroad telegraph wires) and 246,000 miles of telephone wires. Government. — The government is a limited monarchy, hereditary in the male line of the House of Bernadotte. The excutive power is entrusted to a Cabinet or Statsrad, appointed by the King. The Riksdag or legislature consists of two Chambers, the First of 150 members elected for six years, the Second of 230 members elected for three years. Members of both Chambers are paid $330 per session. ^Esther Singleton, "A Guide to Great Cities" (1910). 258 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS DENMARK (See Maps, p. 37, 39) The present Kingdom of Denmark is but a shadow of its former greatness. In the eleventh century a Danish king (Canute) ruled over England, Denmark, and Norway; and in the thirteenth century Waldemar the Victorious extended his sway as far as Esthonia, now a province of Russia, and made the Baltic for a time a Danish sea. In the middle of the sixteenth century the Danish kingdom extended from the North Cape to the River Elbe, and included not only Norway but also the southern provinces of Sweden. Nor- way was lost to Sweden in 1814, and the duchies of Schles- wig and Holstein were annexed by Prussia and Austria in 1864. These two duchies were subsequently annexed by Prussia as an outcome of the war with Austria in 1 866. In the treaty of Prague (1866) there was a provision that "the people of northern Schleswig, if by a free vote they should signify their desire to be united to Denmark, should be ceded to Denmark." The "free vote" was never taken, and in 1878 Austria agreed to the cancelling of the clause; while the Prussian Government has since pursued a policy of repression and Prussianization. Agricultural Life. — The reorganization of agricultural methods has largely swept away the picturesque associations of Danish peasant life. It is not so long since conditions in Denmark were just about as primitive as they are now in some other parts of Europe. Jacob Riis,' whom I learned, while I was in Den- mark, is just as widely known and admired in Denmark as he is in the United States, says that he can remember when conditions were quite different among the homes of the people. "For example," he said, "I recall the time when in every peasant's family it was the custom for all to sit down and eat out of the same bowl in the centre of the table and then, after the meal was finished, each would wipe the spoon with which he had dipped into the common bowl, and without any further ceremony tuck it away on a little shelf over his head." "To-day," he added, "Danish farmers wash their pigs. The udders of the cows are washed with a disinfecting fluid before milking. When a man goes to milk he puts on a clean white suit." Not only is this true, but the Danish farmer grooms his cows, and blankets them when it is cold. He does this not only because it is good for the cow, but because it makes a saving in the feed. Although Denmark has more cattle in proportion to the number of inhabitants than any other part of Europe, I noticed very few pastures. On the con- trary, as I passed through the country I observed long rows of tethered cattle, feeding from the green crops. As rapidly as the cows have consumed all the green fodder, usually four or five times a day, a man comes along and moves the stakes forward so that the cattle advance in orderly way, mowing down the crops in sections. Water is brought to the cows in a cart and they are milked three times a day. All of this required a large increase of labour as well as con- stant study, care, and attention. In other words, the Dan- ish peasant has become a scientific farmer. One difference between the farmer in Denmark and in other countries is that, whereas the ordinary farmer raises his crops and ships them to the market to be sold, the Dan- ish farmer sells nothing but the' manufactured product, and as far as possible he sells it direct to the consumer. For ex- ample, until about 1880 Denmark was still a grain exporting country; in recent years, however, it has become a grain importing country. Grain and fodder of various kinds to the value of something like 25,000,000 of dollars are now annually purchased by Danish farmers in Russia and neigh- bouring countries. The agricultural products thus im- ported are fed to the cattle, swine, and chickens and thus converted into butter, pork, and eggs. The butter is manu- factured in a cooperative dairy; the pork is slaughtered in a cooperative pork-packing house; the eggs are collected and- packed by a cooperative egg-collecting association. Then they are either sold direct, or are turned over to a central cooperative selling association, which disposes of most of them in England. . . As a gentleman whom I met in Denmark put it: "If Denmark, like ancient Gaul, were divided into three parts, one of these would be butter, another pork, and the third eggs." It is from these things that the country, in the main, gets its living.' A National Art. — Copenhagen is noted for its beautiful porcelain, an industry which dates from 1760. It is a notable characteristic of the Danish people to fearlessly and continually allow their individuality its full- est scope. With this object in view, each artist, designer, painter, or sculptor in the factory is permitted a free hand to work out his own ideas. His work-rooms are as beautiful as his products. He is, indeed, a free and unfettered artist in the completest sense. Perhaps that is the reason why his productions, which may now be found in every museum or collection of any importance in the world, represent the highest type of modern national and creative art.^ A Danish Chicago. — ^The little town of Esbjerg is off the beaten track of the Continental tourist. But this little " Danish Chicago" is the port from which large shipments of bacon, butter, and eggs are sent to the London market. If you ask how the Danish farmers manage to keep pace with our increasing appetite for Danish eggs, butter, and bacon, the answer is — they cooperate. The butter which is exported is made in their cooperative dairies. The pigs are slain in their cooperative slaughter-houses, and the Danes are not a little proud of the process — one distinguished traveller complains that, during his stay in Denmark, he was always being asked to come and see a pig killed! The eggs are exported by cooperative export societies. If a Dane has only one egg, he can export it — always provided it be a good egg. No mistake must be made about that: before the eggs are packed for export, down in the coopera- tive factory on the shore, they are held over a basin, filled with electric light, when all defects can be detected with the naked eye. It is no use for an old egg to pose as a young one then. Each egg is marked with the owner's number and the number of his district; the owners of bad eggs are fined. No less than 18,000 Danes belong to this one society. Here, too, butter is packed for the English market.' SYNOPSIS OF DENMARK (See Maps, pp. 37, 39) The Kingdom of Denmark consists of tiie islands of Zealand, Fiinen (or Fyn), Laaland, and Bornholm. Iceland and the Faroe Islands in the Nortfi Atlantic are part of the kingdom. Iceland is noteworthy as containing the most northern group of volcanoes in existence, of which Hekla is the best known. Boundaries. — Denmark is bounded on the north by the Skager-Rak; on the east by the Cattegat, the Sound, and the Baltic; on the south by Prussia; and on the west by the North Sea. Climate. — The climate is oceanic, and is mild for its latitude. Copen- hagen has a mean temperature of 30.2°F. in Jan., and 6o.8°F. in July, with a rainfall of 23.6 inches. Terrible storms often lash the coasts of Den- mark. See Climate Map of Europe, pp. 24, 25. N.\TURAL Productions. — The chief products are grain (oats, barley, and rye) and grass on which a large number of cattle and horses are raised *Jacob August Riis, Danish-American journalist and philanthropist (1849-IQI4). ', iBooker T. Washington, "The Man Farthest Down" (1913). 'W. J. Harvey and C. Reppien, " Denmark and the Danes" (1915). 'F. M. Butlin, "Among the Danes" (1909). GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS 259 for export. The production of dairy produce is so efficiently organized that it has become the principal industry of Denmark. The lack of minerals explains the absence of any but small manufactures. CHIEF TOWNS AND INDUSTRIES OF DENMARK TOWN pop. in thousands Aalborg Aarhuus Copenhagen Elsinore it 560 14 EaBJERG 19 HORSENS Odense 43 Randers 23 PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES Outport for grain, dairy producti, f-sh. Outport for grain and dairy products. China, general trade. Shipbuilding. Dairy produce, cattle and sneep, agricultural seeds. Tobacco and genera! trade. Iron founderics, tanneries. Gloves, distilleries, railway carriages. CK?rT\l..— Copenhagen, on the Sound. Population 560,000. Commerce. — t)enmark commands an advantageous position on the sea route between the Baltic and the North Sea. Copenhagen does a consider- able trade, but the opening of the Kiel Canal has tended to lessen the im- portance of the Danish capital. The chief trade is done with the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, the United States, and Russia. Chief Imports. — Cereals, oil-cake, _ coal, ironware, timber, woollens, ships, butter, skins. Chief FIxports. — Butter, meat, animals, eggs, skins, fish. Communications. — There are 2,200 miles of railway of which more than 1,200 are owned by the state. There are also 25,000 miles of telegraph wire. Government. — Denmark is a limited monarchy. The Riksdag or legis- lature is composed of the Landsthing, or Upper House of sixty-six mem- bers, and the Folkesthing, or Lower House of 114 members. Members of both houses are paid about $2.70 a day while the Rigsdag is sitting. Iceland has a legislature of its own. Colonies. — ^The outlying possessions of Denmark include, besides the Faroe Islands and Iceland, Greenland (total area 830,000 square miles, ice- free portion 50,000 square miles, population 12,968), the trade of which is a government monopoly. The three islands in the West Indies — St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John — were sold to the United States in 1917, and are now known as the American Fir gin Islands. See Map, p. 93. THE NETHERLANDS (See Map, p. 38) The Netherlands or Low Countries is a title now more appropriately limited to Holland; but it has embraced most of the two countries that in more than one characteristic merge into one another, and more than once have been polit- ically united. Well-known is the story of that gallant revolt against Philip IL of Spain by that band of "beggars" (Gueux) — as they styled themselves in proud humility — ^who for a generation held out against the greatest military power of Europe. In the end the northern provinces secured their independence and religious freedom, while the more sub- missive south remained with its Catholic masters. In the middle of the seventeenth century the United Netherlands were the first commercial state and the first maritime power in the world, and for a long time maintained the mastery of the sea. Both Holland and Belgium were absorbed in Napoleon's empire, and on his fall formed into a single kingdom, an arrangement which only lasted until 1830, when the south- ern provinces broke away and formed the Kingdom of Belgium. Dutch Life on the Water. — The boats, with the mills and the women's head-dress, are the outstanding features of Dutch life. There is in Holland a life unknown elsewhere, or at least but badly known; it is the life on the water. You must visit this country to comprehend the touching melancholy of the Spiritus Dei ferebaiur super aquas. Still, what floats on the waters is probably less the Spirit of God than of man, for in the Netherlands you are incessantly recalled to the feeling of reality. At all spots where nature had forgotten to place rivers or streams, Dutch industry has made canals. These waterways lead not merely from one town to another, but even to each village, we might almost say to each country house; hence, such an arterial system could not fail to be marvellously favourable to the circulation of produce. An English traveller asked himself, two centuries back, whether there were not more people in Holland living on the water than on the land. As the majority of these canals are higher than the adjoining fields, and as they are concealed by dykes, at a certain distance off you can see neither water nor boats, but only the swelling sails, which have the appearance of making an excursion about the country. . . . Else- where navigation has never been able to compete with the iron ways, but in the Netherlands the greater part of the carriage still continues to be effected by water; and this economic method will for a long time supply most wants. The services rendered elsewhere by carts are here performed by boats; the gardener himself pulls to market his boat laden with vegetables, fruits, or flowers, just as in the south of France a donkey is led along. ... The boats specially employed for the passenger service are called trekschuyten. They are a species of gondola or water diligence. Along nearly the whole length, which is about 30 feet, runs a box or wooden house, frequently painted green; the roof, on which the sailors walk to perform sundry operations, being covered with a layer of pounded cockle shells. This house is divided into two compartments or cabins; the larger one, situated near the prow, is common to passengers and luggage. Here, during the winter, the wor- thy people, shut up as in a box, swim along in a cloak of tobacco smoke, which relieves the tedium of the voyage. In summer the wooden shutters are removed, and the hatch is raised from the orifice by which the travellers descend. The second compartment is the cabinet, called in Dutch the roef, which is entered through folding-doors. This second cabin is small, but fitted up with some degree of taste. The windows, four or six in number, are glazed and have red or white curtains, according to the season. In the centre is a table with a copper vessel containing fire, and another smaller one to receive cigar ash, both cleaned and polished in a manner only found in Holland. Add to this, to com- plete the furniture, a mat, a looking-glass, and, in winter for the ladies, a foot-warmer, called the stoof, containing a small earthenware vessel with two or three lumps of lighted peat in it. Along two sides of this cabin run cushioned benches, on which the travellers sit down opposite to each other. Sometimes there are on a shelf a few volumes be- longing to the boat and forming a floating library at the service of the studious passengers. The whole national character is revealed in this simple and minute attention to comfort. At the bows, the space not occupied by the cabinet is filled with merchandise, bales, and barrels; while the poop is left to travellers who wish to take the fresh air, and the helmsman, who steers and smokes the while with the regu- larity of a steamer.^ Amsterdam. — The first view of Amsterdam is a surprise to one unfamiliar with Holland. The combination of cu- rious buildings, canals, and bridges, streets, and boats im- presses him strangely, and the word quaint constantly rises to his lips as he walks about. At times he seems to be trans- ported to the Middle Ages, and is annoyed when such anachronisms as tramcars, telephones, and advertisements of commercial companies that unite the uttermost parts of the earth, impertinently remind him of the achievements of modern science and that he is living in the Twentieth Cen- tury. One is struck by the absence of horses and vehicles drawn by horses. Cabs rattle by over the very rough cobble stones that pave the streets, postal wagons thunder along, and conveyances and 'buses from the hotels and private equipages are occasionally seen.' The bakers and butchers VA. Esouiros, "The Dutch at Home" (1863). 26o GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS ice-cream and sweet cakes, booths is gaudily painted, curious figure clad in black. and candlestick-makers and all other purveyors appear to deliver their goods by means of a box mounted on a bicycle worked by a boy. The streets are full of little carts or booths presided over by a gentleman in white, who sells Sometimes the canopy of these Occasionally there flits by a He wears low shoes and knicker- bockers, a long-tailed coat, and a shovel hat! It is a Lu- theran preacher — and notwithstanding his solemn face, you feel that his right place is on the boards of the Opera Co- mique. Another strange figure passes by you — an old woman who wears a brass helmet upon her head! This is, I fancy, the most singular of all singular head-dresses. It seems to be in three pieces, one fitting tightly over the back of the head down to the neck, the two others above the ears. This metal plate gives one the unhappy impression that the poor thing's head or neck has been broken and that the surgeon has done the best he can for her. Underneath this helmet she usually has a frill of lace or muslin, and above it she not unfrequently wears a bonnet which is Holland's interpretation of the latest Parisian confection of lace, ribbon, velvet, feathers, or flowers. If the lady is in mourning, the bonnet is of crape! ' SYNOPSIS OF THE NETHERLANDS (See Map, p. 38) Boundaries. — ^The Netherlands is bounded on the north by the North Sea, on the east by Germany, on the south by Belgium, and on the west by the North Sea. Climate. — The climate is oceanic, of a prevalently moist character. The average annual temperature is 50°?. The summers are not very warm, the winters seldom very cold. In Amsterdam the mean temperature in January is 35.6°, in July 64.4°F. Rain falls on 147 days in the year; the annual rainfall is 30 inches. The days are generally dull, misty, and damp; a week of bright weather is a rarity. The Netherlands in general is healthy; but Zealand and the other western districts, in which clay and mossy soil prevail, suffer from marsh fevers. See Climate Map of Europe pp. 24, 25. Natural Productions. — About one fourth of Holland is below sea- level, the sea being kept out by dykes, and the land, parcelled out into al- most water-tight inclosures called polders, is kept dry by constant pumping of windmills or steam engines. In no other country is wind so much utilized as a source of energy. These reclaimed areas form valuable pastures for cattle; hence the making of butter and cheese is one of the leading Dutch industries. The cultivation of bulbs, especially around Haarlem, is a char- acteristic industry. The higher lands are on the whole very fertile and pro- duce various grains. Wheat, however, is grown to a less extent than in Belgium. Manufactures. — ^There are practically no minerals in Holland, and this fact has caused the country to rank much lower among manufacturing nations than was the case before coal and iron formed the chief basis of industry. Textile fabrics are manufactured; while Delft has long been famous for its fine pottery. CHIEF CITIES AND INDUSTRIES OF THE NETHERLANDS CITY POP. IN THOUSANDS Amsterdam Arnhem 567 64 Delft Dordrecht It Groningen* 75 Haarlem Hague, The* 69 271 Leeuwarden Leiden 37 58 Maastricht* NlJMEGEN Rotterdam 37 55 418 Til BURG Utrecht* 50 119 North Holland Gelderland South Holland South Holland Groningen North Holland South Holland Friesland South Holland Limburg Gelderland South Holland North Brabant Utrecht PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES Dye works, tobacco, sugar, coffee. Woollens, paper, soap, furniture. Pottery, carpet weaving. Timber. Flax spinning, rope making, dyeiag. Dyeing, printing, cottons. Iron casting, furniture, liqueurs, litho- graphing. Iron foundries, copper works, fumitare. Linens, woollens. Quarries, glassware. Beer, leather, tin, pottery. Liqueurs, sugar, machine works. Linens, woollens. Worsted and velvet carpets. "Capital of province. Capital. — The Hague, population 271,280. Commercial Capital, Amsterdam, on the Y, an arm of the Zuider Zee. Population 566,131. Chief Ports. — Rotterdam, Amsterdam, and Flushing (Vlissingen). Commerce. — Holland is the "colonial grocer" for Europe, and is one of the leading commercial nations of the world. Her position at the mouths of the Rhine and Maas has led to a very considerable transit trade, as well as to the growth of trade at Rotterdam. These facilities for trade led to the maritime power of the Netherlands, which was very extensive in the seventeenth century, as well as to their colonial acquisitions. Chief Imports. — ^oal, iron, steel, copper, textiles, cereals, flour, coffee, mineral oil, rice. Chief Exports. Colonial produce, butter, cheese, margarine, iron, steel, textiles, drugs. Communications. — There are about 2,000 miles of railroads, and 4,200 miles of telegraphs. The North Holland Canal and the North Sea Canal provide additional access to the sea. Government. — Holland is a limited monarchy. The executive is vested in the sovereign, and the legislative authority in the sovereign and the States-general, the latter sitting in two chambers; the First, of 50 members, elected for nine years; the Second, of 100 members, elected for four years. Members of the First Chamber are paid ^4.07 a day during the session, and those of the Second Chamber $830 per annum and travelling expenses. Colonies. — The Dutch colonies are sixty-four times as large as Holland, and consist of some of the richest regions in the world. The Dutch East Indies extend from Sumatra to New Guinea, and export sugar, coffee, tea, spices, tobacco, petroleum, etc., which are shipped almost exclusively to Rotterdam and Amsterdam in the first place. Batavia in Java is the most important seaport. The Dutch West Indies include Surinam or Dutch Guiana in South America, and the island of Curasao with its dependencies. BELGIUM (See Map, p. 38) Belgium has been rightly named the "cockpit of Europe," for time and again its soil has been drenched with blood in wars not of its seeking. On the overthrow of Napoleon the Southern Netherlands with Luxemburg were united to the kingdom of Holland, as the kingdom of the United Netherlands. The experiment was a failure. The Belgians revolted and formed themselves into an independent and sovereign state in 1830. Before Holland would recognize Belgium's independence, Belgium had to give up the eastern half of Luxemburg (now the Grand Duchy), and the portion of Limburg that lies east on the Meuse. The international status of Belgium was determined by the treaties of 183 1 and 1839. The treaty of June 26, 183 1, provides that Belgium shall form a perpetually neutral state, and that the powers should guarantee that perpetual neutrality. A further treaty of November 15, 1831, con- tains the following passage: Article 7. Belgium, within the limits fixed by Articles i, 2, and 4 shall form an independent and perpetually neutral state. She shall be bound to observe the same neutrality toward all other states. Lastly on April 19, 1839, a final treaty concluded between Belgium and Holland reproduced this provision, and the » Esther Singleton, "Holland" (1906). great powers, Austria, France, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia, acceding to the treaty, declared that all its articles "are placed under their guarantee." Belgium therefore is a neutral state; and under inter- national law neutral territory is inviolable. Her neutrality is permanent, determined upon and decreed by Europe, and accepted by Belgium. The Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) exposed Belgium to serious perils. England simultaneously approached France and the North German Confederation, and required them to make a formal declaration that Belgian neutrality would be respected, threatening, if that neutrality were violated, to intervene in the war. The belligerent states thereupon bound themselves by fresh treaties to respect Belgian neu- trality. For more than eighty years Belgium, relying on these solemn treaties, followed the paths of peaceful progress, and made herself illustrious in the arts, in commerce, and in industry. But on August 3, 1914, the peace-loving kingdom found the invading hosts of Germany at her gates, demand- ing the right of passage to attack a friendly neighbour; for Belgium forms the easiest route for an army between Germany and France. Belgium, conscious of her right and GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS 261 obligations, resisted these imperious demands, refusing to look upon the various treaties as "scraps of paper" (so des- ignated by the German Chancellor). For thus opposing a relentless foe, Belgium once more be- came a blood-drenched "cockpit." Her fair cities and villages were ravaged and laid desolate; her population was enslaved; and for more than three years all that remained of free Bel- gium was a narrow strip on the western seaboard, resolutely held by the fragment of her army supported by her Allies. Burgher Life in Brussels. — In the home of the Brussels citizen the typical life of the Belgian people is perhaps best revealed. Leaving aside the very small stratum of what may be called Society, the mode of life among the great body of citizens above the working classes is very much the same, in spite of differences of income, occupation, and education. Whether the head of the household be a lawyer or a trader, a manufacturer or a shopkeeper, who is well enough off to live away from his shop, there is less class difference, so far as the daily routine of life goes, than would be found in any other European community. The explanation is, that at heart the Belgians are a simple people, whose chief characteristic, strengthened by harsh experience for many generations, is thrift. There is a complete absence of all ostentatious display. It would be as impossible to estimate a man's income from the interior of his house as it would be to assign his profession or business from his appearance in the street. This appearance of equality is very largely due to the two not disconnected facts, that the first object with every Brussels citizen is to become proprietor of his own house, and that the houses of Brussels are built very much after the same pattern. This, of course, does not apply to the fashionable boulevards or the Avenue Louise, but in all the by-streets and suburbs now spreading out in every direc- tion, houses are being run up, lofty and narrow, all seemingly fashioned by the same architect. The Belgians have an aversion to being mere tenants, regarding the payment of rent as so much loss of money; and a house, or the money to purchase one, is considered the best kind of dot that a young woman can bring to her husband. . . . It is only on entering these houses that some idea can be formed of the status of the occupant. Among these families whose income is not in proportion to the exterior of their residence, the interior will reveal the fact by its bareness and absence of decoration, whereas those who are comfortably off will expend large sums on painting and gilding. The Belgians are noted for their good taste in the way they decorate the inside of their houses, and as the house is really theirs, they do not mind spending very con- siderable sums in this way. It is the same with the furni- ture, which is always as good as the owner can afford in the reception rooms. Every Belgian house has what may be called its show-rooms, and their contents will give the clue at once to the degree of prosperity the family has attained. There may be a thousand pounds' worth of furniture and ohjets d'art in the room, or there may be only ten pounds' worth. In either case it is the best that the owner can show. There is one thing that these rooms have in common, no matter what the position of the occupant, and that is the air of being rarely used. It is more like the model-room into which the furniture provider invites his customer for the purpose of deciding the style in which he proposes to furnish, than an actual living-room. The Belgian's first investment is to buy his house, and his second is to lay in a stock of furniture. As both are intended not merely to last a lifetime, but to be handed down in the family, the most scrupulous care is taken of every article. A shade of anxiety may be traced on the worthy owner's face if a visitor moves in a chair or brushes past a table. . . . Into the regular living-rooms no stranger is allowed to penetrate, but the casual opportunities afforded during long residence in the country enable one to see that they are very bare and plain. As a rule, the dining room is in close pro.x- imity to the kitchen, so that the necessary domestic service is reduced to a minimum. There is, of course, in most houses a dining room upstairs, but this is only used on the very rare occasions when an entertainment of some sort is given. The Belgians are not prone to the display of much hos- pitality among themselves. They do not dine often at one another's houses. The members of the same family meet occasionally, but, as a rule, their dinners in common are to celebrate some family event, such as a marriage, or an en- gagement, or a first communion. The case is practically unknown of taking a friend home to have 'pot-luck.' To do so would seriously disconcert the lady of the house, who is probably in neglige until she goes for her afternoon prome- nade.^ Employment of Dogs. — The dog largely takes the place of the horse in Belgian industrial life. One of the familiar sights in the cities of Belgium are the little milk-carts drawn by big powerful dogs. Leaving aside the broad and comprehensive question as to whether dogs were ever intended by nature for draught work ... I think it may be safely assumed that the employment of these big dogs in the little milk-carts of Bel- gium is free from positive cruelty. This remark also applies to the same kind of dog employed by the greater number of the laundresses, and by some of the bakers. But as it is permissible by the law of the land to use dogs for draught — or as they are called chiens de trait — it follows that the poor or the lazy use any and all dogs, big or small, well-fed or ill-fed, to drag their cars and carts carrying their goods for sale, and not infrequently themselves. In the strict economy of the Belgian social system dogs have no right to existence except as beasts of burden. The rich may indulge themselves with the luxury of a chien de maison (house dog) or a chien de chasse (hunting dog), but for the Belgians who work, from the peasant to the shop- keeper, a dog has no other interest or value than as a fellow- worker and obedient slave. It is the inevitable concomitant of this practice that cases of cruelty must be frequent, and that the wretched condition of many of the dogs so em- ployed leads to a general condemnation of Belgian char- acter as indifferent to animal suffering and as tolerating a system from which a greater or less degree of cruelty is inseparable.^ SYNOPSIS OF BELGIUM (See Map, p. 38) The Kingdom of Belgium is the smallest and most thickly populated country in Europe. Its shores are flat and low, like those of Holland; the middle of the country is level and fertile; in the east there are hills and mountains, the principal being the Ardennes. The chief rivers are the Scheldt and the Meuse (called by the Dutch the Maas). The mouths of both these rivers are in the hands of the Dutch. Boundaries. — Belgium is bounded on the north by the Netherlands, on the east by Germany, on the south by France, and on the west by the North Sea. Climate. — The climate of Belgium is temperate. On the coast it is mild and equable, though moist; but in the Ardennes, on the other hand, the extremes of heat and cold are considerable. Brussels has a mean temperature of so°F. (in Jan. 37.4°F., and in July 64.4°F.). See Climate Map of Europe, pp. 24, 25. Natural Productions. — The country may be divided into three parts: (i) In the northwest near the coast is a small area which is protected by embankments, which is utilized mainly for dairy farming. (2) Between this strip and the highlands beyond the Sambre-Meuse valley is a lowland region, the greater part of which is a continuation of the plain of France. In this district are raised crops of flax, sugar beet, rye, oats, and wheat. (3) South of this valley are the uplands (the Ardennes), which are of less agri- cultural importance. Minerals. — Belgium is rich in minerals, and next to England is the great- est coal-produchig country in Europe. There are two great coal-fields along the valleys of the Meuse and Sambre. Iron is obtained in large quantities. Zinc and lead are also produced. Manufactures. — Belgium has considerable manufactures, the chief of which are cotton, linen, woollen, silk goods, and machinery. Other industries are collieries, quarries, gas, lace, distilleries, etc. The success of the manufacturing industries is attributed, to a certain extent, to the high standard of technical education prevailing. ID. C. Boulger, "Belgian Life in Town and Country. * 262 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS CHIEF CITIES AND INDUSTRIES OF BELGIUM POP. IN . cnr THOUSANDS PROVINCE PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES A LOST 35 East Flanders Thread. Antwerp* 969 Antwerp Grain, hides, woollens. Bruges* 53 West Flanders Lace. Brussels* 177 Brabant Lace, carpets, gloves. Charleroy 28 Hainaut Glass, iron works. COURTRAI 36 West Flanders Cottons, linens. Ghent* 166 East [^landers Linens, cottons. LiBCB* 175 Liege Firearms, iron goods, woollens. LOUVAIN 42 Brabant (Louvain University.) Mechlin 59 Antwerp Lace. MONS* 28 Hainaut Iron goods. Namur* 32 Namur Glass. OSTEND 42 West Flanders (Watering place.) Saint-Nicolas 35 East Flanders Cottons, woollens, linens. Serai NG 41 Liepe Machinery, iron goods. To URN At 37 Hainaut Hosiery, woollens, carpets. Verviers 47 Liege Woollens. Capital. — Brussels. 'Capital of province. Population 177,078, with suburbs 720,347. Chief Ports. — The only large port is Ant-uierp, on the estuary of the Scheldt. Oslend is a packet station. Co.MMERCE. — Belgium being essentially a manufacturing country is largely dependent upon foreign countries for its supply of food. Most of its maritime trade is carried in foreign bottoms, the mercantile marine con- sisting of little more than 100 vessels. Chief Imports. — Cereals, flour, wool, timber, flax, resins, skins, seeds, coffee, chemicals, iron, steel, coal, cotton, machinery, cottons. Chief Exports. — Iron, steel, cereals, flour, machinery, skins, linen thread, diamonds, flax, coal, glassware, zinc, sugar, cottons, woollen yarn. Communications. — There are 2,950 miles of railroad, 5,000 miles of telegraphs, 1,360 miles of navigable rivers and canals, and 6,100 miles of roads. Government.— By the constitution of 183 1, following the secession from the Netherlands in 1830, Belgium was declared to be a constitutional and hereditary monarchy. The executive power is vested in the King, and his ministers, the le'gislative power jointly in the King, Senate, and Chamber of Deputies. The Senate of 120 members is elected for eight years. The Chamber of Deputies consists of members elected for four years, in the pro- portion of one to every 40,000 inhabitants. One half retire every two years. Each deputy receives 4,000 francs (^800) yearly, and travels free. FRANCE (See Map, p. 40) The realm of France was foreshadowed in the division of the empire of Charlemagne at the death of his son Louis the Pious by the treaty of Verdun in 843 (see Map of Em- pire of Charlemagne, p. 47). The kingdom of the West Franks, formed by that division, and finally separated from the Frankish Empire in 887, included all the territory west of the Scheldt, Meuse, Saone, and Rhone. The foundation of France dates from the year 987 when the accession of Hugh Capet permanently brought the crown of the West Franks to the family of the Dukes of the French, or Francia, the chief seat of whose power was Paris. " France" meant the territory immediately subject to the Parisian house; but its use spread with every extension of their authority. To the south and southeast a natural limit was opposed to this expansion by the Pyrenees and the Alpine watershed; in the east and north no such natural boundary exists. France had aimed at the Rhine as a natural frontier on the east, and this ambition was realized by the treaty of West- phalia in 1648. Alsace-Lorraine. — Taking advantage of the political disunion of the German and Italian nations, Napoleon ex- tended the boundaries of France and reorganized Germany and Italy as French dependencies. With the birth of a united Italy, the southern frontier of France was once more contracted; while the disastrous war with Prussia in 1870- 71 placed Alsace-Lorraine in the grip of the master empire- builder Bismarck. This sacrifice of territory was not made without a protest from the representatives of the departments about to be given up. But the victor was not to be denied his coveted spoil. The question of Alsace-Lorraine has been at the root of the entire foreign policy of France for the last forty-four years. It was this question which created and kept alive the an- tagonism between the Republic and the German Empire. But for it, the two great neighbours might perhaps have come to terms. The defeat of the Imperial armies in 1870 would have been but a wound to self-esteem which the change of political regime would have quickly healed. The loss of 5,000,000,000 francs, and even of more than this, would soon have been compensated by renewed material pro- gress. But when Bismarck forced the nation to give up a popu- lation eager to remain French, he laid upon her the obliga- tion of a war to the knife, such as the desire for revenge must entail. When he compelled vanquished France to cede a million and a half of her children as the price of peace, he created a debt of honour for the mother country which a chivalrous people would have held it ignominious to for- get.' _ Alsatian Frugality. — The frugality of the Alsatian peasants is remarkable. A traveller who spent a night at a village inn in Alsace gives an interesting picture of the more intimate side of Alsatian life. I stopped at an inn — the best as it seemed, and this was poor indeed — but as I had not the least expectation of fall- ing into the lap of luxury at such a place, I was well enough pleased at the prospect of sleeping upon a chaff bed, being in no mood to tramp the country any more that night. Out- side the door a father and son were sawing a tree into logs. The youth was of that pleasing Alsatian type which, to a large strong body, unites a large strong head with curling yellow hair, blue candid eyes, and a broad, honest, kindly face. The interior of the inn was roomy and dreary. Pov- erty made itself felt there, and this is depressing, especially to one who has only taken during the day a scratch meal in the forest, and whose mind is now dwelling on thoughts of dinner with a fervour which may be debasing, but which is at least capable of explanation. After some parleying as to the resources of the larder, it was agreed that I should commence with soup and finish with salad, with an omelette between, to serve — 1 thought — as a buffer. The soup turned out to be bread and milk. It was a long time since I had eaten this food of the ancient Scythians, but I did not quarrel with it. The omelette was an indigestible bolus, but I took this also in good part, after reflecting upon the advantage of keeping it by me as a check to a keen appetite for the next day or so. The salad left nothing to be desired except olive or nut-oil, the oleaginous fluid with which it was mixed being suspiciously like colza. For a moment I pined for the South of France, where one can always have good oil, although the salad may be dried up. If the food at this inn was open to criticism, there was nothing to say against the white wine. While I was trying to persuade myself that I was fast becoming a model of frugality, the poor family with whom my lot had cast me for the night gathered around a board — ■ literally one — a few yards from mine. No plates were laid upon it, but in the centre was a large earthen pan, containing nearly a peck of potatoes cooked in their skins. The family consisted of the innkeeper and his wife, the young man al- ready mentioned, and several children. While I was won- dering why I had not been offered any potatoes, parents and children stood up and made the sign of the cross as the j'oungest child — a little girl of eight — began to say grace. It was in the Alsatian dialect, and I could hardly catch a word of it. It lasted several minutes. I was much im- pressed by this scene. The meal for which these people IP. A, Helmer, in "The War of Democracy" (1917). GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS 263 thanked God so earnestly and reverently was merely potatoes and water. There was better food, but they did not con- sider themselves justified in eating or drinking otherwise than as I saw them. The meal was over in twenty minutes, and then father and son returned to their sawing. How can they keep up their strength with potatoes and water.? I asked myself, and others may ask the same question. The answer is, because they lead natural lives and have healthy bodies. ... A more manly and vigorous set of men than the Alsatian peasants is not to be easily found, and yet the quantity of meat which they eat is so srnall that they might do without it altogether without feeling any physical loss. They have been bred to frugality, and here lies their strength. The floor of my bedroom was very black, but the walls were much ornamented with lithographic works of art, all religious in character. The furniture was more than suf- ficient, for there were some benches and a long deal table, at which twenty could have dined comfortably. The bed- stead was so short that I should certainly have kicked the lower board out had it not been designed to resist unusual pressure. There were no blankets — a peculiarity of the Alsatian inns. The substitute is what the French call edredones [eider-down quilts] — in Alsace great bags of goose- feathers. They are piled one upon another, whether the season be winter or summer, so that a bed ready to be slept in is unpleasantly suggestive of the fate of Desdemona. He who wishes to sleep without dreaming of mountains settling upon him and bearing him down into the lowest depths must throw some of these bags upon the floor — all of them if the weather be hot. Alsace is likewise remarkable for the number and lustiness of the fleas which haunt the village inns. At Ober-Steinbach these entertaining insects galloped over me until daybreak, when, they getting tired, I fell asleep on my chaff bed.' A Bird's-eye View of France. — In France everything speaks of long familiar intercourse between the earth and its inhabitants; every field has a name, a history, a distinct place of its own in the village polity; every blade of grass is there by an old feudal right which has long since dispossessed the worthless aboriginal weed.^ For a bird's-eye view of France we can not do better than glance over its chief river basins, connected, as they often are, by a network of well-used canals. Crossing twenty miles of sea to land at Calais or Boulogne, perhaps as well known to Englishmen as to Frenchmen of this generation, we find ourselves in the mainly flat northwestern corner, where are grouped some of the chief manufacturing cities, Lille, the largest of them, with over 200,000 people, Roubaix and Tourcoing growing apace on the Belgian border, near which the old port of Dunkirk was once a den of Channel pirates. Here is one of the great French coal-fields. . . . To the south the Picardy province is the basin of the Somme, on which stands Amiens, famed for its cathedral and for its manufactures; then lower comes Abbeville; and at the mouth St. Valery claims to be the port from which William the Conqueror sailed for England, an honour disputed by an- other St. Valery on the Norman coast. On the north side the name French Flanders shows how the frontier here is an artificial one, and this region is drained into Belgium by the Scheldt. Farther east we come upon the upper basin of the Meuse, where the Belgian Ardennes cross into France, and the best-known modern place is that unlucky Sedan, a fortress close to the frontier. To the south of this hilly country the upper courses of the Marne and the Seine water the dusty plains and slopes of Champagne, in which are Rheims — at whose cathedral the French kings were crowned — the great military camp ot Chalons-sur-Marne, and, farther south, the considerable city of Troyes among others of fame. The celebrated wine is chiefly made in the central Marne department, but the demand for it is so great that it seems hard to say whence comes most of the so-called champagne. Westward, on 'E. H. Barker, "Wayfaring in France" (1890). 'Edith Wharcon, "A Motor-flight through France" (1908). the northern edge, in Lorraine, we reach the basin of the Moselle, whose noble ex-capital, Nancy, still belongs to France; but half of this province and all of Alsace, between the Vosges and the Rhine, have been shorn away, a scar not yet skinned over, either in the heart of France or of the people, though by race and speech these borders are more German than French. An old division between the two nations is hinted at in opposite banks of the Saone and the Rhone being still distinguished by boatmen as royaume [kingdom] and empire. Turning now along the eastern side, we follow the Saone and its tributaries flowing through the old Burgundy and Franche-Comte between the Jura and the wine-growing heights of the Cote d'Or. The chief place in this basin is Dijon, and in its eastern mountain region the fortress-city of Besanfon. The Saone loses its name where the Rhone masterfully rushes into it from the Lake of Geneva, their confluence being at the stately city of Lyons, whose silk- weaving industry has made it the third in France, with 523,000 people, who more than once have shown a disposi- tion to resent the supremacy of Paris. Not far off, at the head of the Loire basin, coal and iron are making St. Etienne a French Birmingham. From Lyons the navigable Rhone, following the south- ward course of the Saone, takes us through the plains of Languedoc, shut in on one side hy the low bare Cevennes, fastnesses of persecuted Protestantism, and by the limestone freaks of the Causses; on the other side more grandly walled by the Alps of Dauphine, in which Grenoble is one of the dignified cities of France, and, higher up, in Savoy, the chain is pierced by the Mont Cenis tunnel, France's chief gate into northern Italy. Many old towns stand on or about the river, the most famed among them Avignon, at one time seat of the exiled Popes, amid scenes famed by Petrarch; and Orange, once an independent principality, which sent forth a brood of princes to jbe thorns in Rome's side. Nimes is notable for its well-preserved amphitheatre, and ■ in the neighbourhood the Pont de Garde shows one of the most impressive legacies of old Rome; Tarascon has been renowned by a writer to whom his fellow-Southerners bear little gratitude; while Aix, seat of the Counts of Provence and their troubadours,, figures as the " Plassans" of another much-read novelist. At Aries, celebrated for Roman re- mains as for a strain of Roman beauty in its daughters, the Rhone divides into two main branches, enclosing the marshy delta of the Camargue, whose most wholesome production is salt made from its lagoons. Several "dead cities" here delight artistic eyes. But the chief port of all France is Marseilles, an ancient Greek colony that preserves the name Massilia, as Province does for the Provincia from which Roman civilization spread over Gaul. Finely situated on the Gulf of the Lion, Mar- seilles has half a million of people gathered from all the territories of France, strongly tinged with a hot blood that gave this city a special part in the national history. Far- ther west comes Toulon, the Mediterranean naval port; then a beautiful mountain coast-land shelters the genial Riviera resorts, chief among them Nice, birthplace of Gari- baldi, an Italian city indeed till half a century ago, when the French frontier was pushed from the Var to the gorge of St. Louis at Mentone. Between NJce and Mentone the tiny independent principality of Monaco invites headachy lotus- eaters to its Monte Carlo gambling-palace, but for which this sunny spot, basking under the lofty precipices of the Corniche, might be the choicest winter resort in Europe." ' Stilt-walkers of the Landes. — A traveller gives the following account of an excursion among the stilt-walkers of the Landes: Not long since, while at Bordeaux, I had an opportunity to go among the stilt-walkers, whose country is called the desert. It is little known even to Frenchmen. There is not much to attract in that vast barren tract, supposed to have been a former bed of the sea, wave-like in its surface, shifting sands upon fixed sand, patches of cultivation, and lA. R. Hope MoncriefF, "The World of To-day" (1906). 264 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS forests here and there; now and then a bog; occasionally a horizontal plain crossed by a black-looking stream in a gully; and a few far-scattered villages, or groups of unwalled sheds such as might be met with by the traveller in Central Africa. Yet in the dullness and dreariness a charm exists, which changes to absolute wonder when an inhabitant comes upon the scene — a queer creature clad in sheep-skins, mounted on a pair of wooden supporters reaching to his knees, and strapped to them and to his ankles — his scanty flock of sheep nibbling at almost invisible herbage. From the Garonne to the Adour, and from the Gelise to the Bay of Biscay, these tracts extend; parts are half cultivated, others are hopeless gravel, some are reclaimable sand, but all are hostile to grain crops of any description. The small herds of cattle are composed of beasts so small and thin, that they appear to have been starved out of their natural size. A peasant's abode, which I visited, was neither a hut, tent, nor cottage, but a thatch, extending from the trunk of a living tree, supported at the four corners by poles of pine- wood, open to all the winds that blow, and fenced about, for a foot in height, by loose stones or blocks of half-burned clay. Every shepherd of the Landes has several stations, which he calls his homes; for pasture will nowhere suffice for more than a few days as the food for a flock. Each morning he rises, just as the day is dawning, and puts on those quaint leggings called stilts, 6 feet 6 inches high, raising his feet about two-thirds of that altitude from the ground and enabling the wearer at once to follow his flocks, to defy wolves, and to pass from one oasis to another with great swiftness. No horse in that region can beat him. At a first glimpse of these fellows on a misty morning balancing their long poles and taking yards at a stride, I thought of so many spectres of the Brocken, so gia"nt-like and supernatural did they appear. The stilt of the Landes is not simple in its build. You have the "upright" to begin with, then a jutting piece of wood two-thirds of the way up, with a strap, and another leathern band for the knee; it is shod with leather to prevent sinking too deep in the sand and slipping on the clay. This mode of locomotion is practised by the inhabitants from the earliest childhood. Paris. — Paris, the capital of Fi'ance, is the third largest city in the world and the largest city on the Continent. The French certainly have reason to be proud of their metrop- olis, for not only is it a magnificent city, but its influence is felt throughout the civilized world. In fashions of dress Paris reigns supreme; in politics the provincial towns of France follow the lead of the capital; while no European court can afford to neglect French opinion. Paris is built on both banks and on two islands of the Seine, and is surrounded by a double line of walls with bastions, and further protected by a ring of detached forts. Round the walls are finely planted walks encircling the city; these are the exterior boulevards. The inner boulevards consist in their finest part of a broad thoroughfare bounded on either side by a row of trees and a broad pathway, and lined with elegant shops and mansions. The whole forms a scene of animated gaiety and splendour unequalled by any other city. Motoring in Paris. — It is said all good Americans go to Paris when they die, but no motoring American will wait till the hereafter if he has half a chance to go there now. In saying this it is fair to add that I am going counter to the opinion of friends who have motored in France. When they reached Paris they stored their automobile and re- sorted to 'buses and taxicabs; they thought it too danger- ous to motor on the capital's crowded thoroughfares. It is true that amid the congested traffic of one of the world's largest cities one needs steady nerves and a cool head, but even on the Boulevard des Italiens and the Avenue de I'Opera we experienced no special difficulty; and there was keen delight in watching that wonderful stream of . vehicles, of horses, of humanity, and of being for the moment an atom in that great stream, mingling with it, a part of its life, of its infinite variety! Such a stream is to be seen in only two or three of the world's largest cities, and even in them — in New York and in London — the scene is not so variegated, so animated, so picturesque as it is on the great boulevards of Paris. The hotel we went to was near the Opera House, so was the garage, and it took but a few minutes after dinner each evening during our stay to get the Get-There (as we called our car) and plunge into one or the other of the animated streams which begin at the Place de I'Opera and radiate thence in a dozen diff"erent directions to the farthest extrem- ities of the metropolis. During the ten days that we were thus tempting fate, and, according to our friends who stored their automobile and rode in 'buses, that we were running the risk of all sorts of accidents, we had not a single mis- hap, not a breakdown, not a scratch. Even our lamps came out of the ordeal unscathed, although there were moments when the long line of vehicles hesitated and halted, and it required skilful handling to avoid collision with the driver just ahead or just behind us. One thing did happen during those ten days, but that was funny rather than serious. I was arrested. It was one afternoon on the Boulevard des Italiens. While Beamer stepped into the bank, and while I waited her return, seated in the Get-There in front of the Credit Lyonnaise, a police- man approached, touched his cap in polite salute and said it desolated him inexpressibly, but that he was obliged to place me under arrest! Why? Because my motor was smoking. I looked around, but not a bit of smoke did I see. "Ah, Monsieur, c'est vrai (that is true), but that is because the motor is now resting. But a while ago! Mon dieu, yes, it was then that Monsieur's motor smoked. I saw it. I followed. And now, Monsieur, be so good as to give me your address." I gave it. "What next?" "Nothing, Monsieur. C'est tout" (that is all). "But you said I was under arrest?" "Mais oui (yes) but for the present c'est tout. Monsieur is at liberty to proceed!" And giving another polite salute, the policeman took his departure. At the hotel that evening we were told that in a week or ten days there would be left at the hotel a summons to appear before a magistrate, who would probably fine me five francs. "But we shall not be here after this week." "Ah, in that case. Monsieur, they can not fine you." And that was all there was to it. After my "arrest," which detained us less than ten minutes, we continued our drive to the Place de la Bastile, in doing so passing through the eight principal boulevards of Paris — the Boulevards des Italiens, Montmartre, Poissoniere, Bonne Nouvelle, St. Denis, St. Martin, du Temple, and Beaumarchais, and thence to Napoleon's tomb by the Boulevards Henri IV. and St. Germain. Any one who can without mishap conduct an automobile along this route between three and six o'clock in the afternoon can fairly claim to know how to drive a motor car. Such a jam of men, horses, and automobiles is to be seen nowhere else in the world; in London there is as big a jam of men and horses, but Paris has more automobiles, and they rush about without the least regard for speed laws or the safety of pedestrians. Were it not for the little "isl- ands" stationed at intervals in the centre of the streets it would be quite impossible for a pedestrian to cross a Paris boulevard. As it is, he must watch his chance to dart over to the island; there, under the sheltering wing of a tall lamp- post, standing on the raised circle around its base, he must watch the stream of humanity going the other way on the other half of the street and wait for a gap through which to dart across to his destination. If he is timid and waits for too big a gap he may stand by that lamp-post an hour; but after one has been in Paris a while one ceases to be timid in such matters. Every one seems to be rushing across the boulevards, almost under the horses' hoofs or the automobile wheels, and evervbody — or nearly everybody — gets across GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS 265 alive; so you, too, soon find yourself willing to take chances.' Marseilles. — Marseilles is not only the largest port of France, but also the chief commercial port on the Medi- terranean. It competes with Trieste and Brindisi in its Oriental passenger trade. The capital of southern France has a distinct character of its own. To-day, as three thousand years ago, Marseilles may be called the threshold of the East. In these hot, bustling, noisy streets, Paris is quiet by comparison; London a Trap- pist monastery! Orientals, or what our French neighbours call exotics, are so common that no one looks at them. Jap- anese and Chinese, Hindus, Tonquinois, Annamites, Moors, Arabs, all are here, and in native dress; and writing letters in the salon of your hotel, your vis-d-vis at the table d'hote, your fellow sightseers, east and west, to-day as of old, here come into friendly contact; and side by side with the East is the glowing life of the South. We seem no longer in France, but in a great cosmopolitan mart that belongs to the whole world. . . . _ Superbly situated, magnificently endowed as to climate, the chef-lieu of the Bouches du Rhone must be called a slatternly beauty; whilst embellishing herself, putting on her jewels and splendid attire, she has forgotten to wash her face and trim her hair! . . . Marseilles is dirty, un- swept, littered from end to end; you rnight suppose that every householder had just moved, leaving their odds and ends in the streets, if, indeed, these beautifully shaded walks can be so called. The city in its development has laid out alleys and boulevards instead of merely making ways, with the result that in spite of brilliant sky and burning sun, coolness and shadow are ever to be had. . . . But it is not only by beautiful villas and gardens that the city has embellished itself. What with the lavishness of the municipality, public companies, and the orthodox, noble public buildings, docks, warehouses, schools, churches, gar- dens, promenades, have rendered Marseilles the most sump- tuous French capital after Paris.^ ^ HiNT^TO Motorists in France. — If one's motor trip is confined to a single country it may not be worth while to join a foreign touring club; you pay the duty on your auto- mobile when you enter the country and you get your money back when you leave; there is but one such trans- action, and it involves but little trouble and no expense. But if several countries are to be visited a club membership is helpful. When we reached Havre the Get-There (our car) was inventoried and weighed, and a duty of six hundred and seventy-six francs was paid; this amount, less two cents for a receipt stamp, was refunded three months later when we left France for the last time at the frontier near Mentone. That was our only direct dealing with customs officials, for before starting east we went to the handsome home of the Touring Club de France, at No. 67 Avenue de la Grande Armee, and paid six francs for a membership, which entitled us to secure for each country we purposed visiting what is called a "Trip- tyque," i. e., a certificate in triplicate setting forth that we had deposited with the club's treasurer an amount sufficient to cover all duties which the Get-There would have to pay. Armed with a triptyque as you cross a frontier, instead of being obliged to weigh your automobile and furnish a de- tailed description of its colour, its seats, number, motor, etc., and then pay a large sum in cash in the currency of the country you are about to enter — instead of all this delay and bother you merely present your triptyque; the customs officer retains the first sheet and stamps on the second sheet the date of your entry; when you recross the frontier the date and place of your exit are stamped on the second sheet; your goings and comings continue to be thus stamped on the second sheet until you leave the country for the last time, then the officer retains the second sheet, and on the third one certifies that you have made your final exit. On forwarding this third sheet, so certified, to the Touring Club de France the amount of your deposit for the country you have definitely left is at once sent to you at any point you request. As we purposed motoring in several countries the total deposit we had to make with the club's treasurer amounted to nearly two thousand francs, but just as soon as the Get- There' was shipped from Naples to New York the last franc was promtly refunded; the convenience afforded us in getting, in and out of the various countries visited was well worth the hundred days' use of our money and the fee of twenty francs which the club charged for issuing the triptyques. Sometimes, as when visiting the battlefields of 1870, between Mars le Tour and Metz, we crossed backward and forward between France and Germany several times in the course of half a day; as we had triptyques this entailed little delay. Without triptyques half a day might have been consumed in making a single frontier crossing. It takes only a minute to show a triptyque and have it stamped, whereas to have an automobile weighed and minutely described for future iden- tification takes anywhere from an hour to a day, according to the humour of the frontier official making the inventory.' SYNOPSIS OF FRANCE (See Map, p. 40) Boundaries. — France is bounded on the north by the English Channel; on the west by the Bay of Biscay; on the east by Germany, Switzerland, and Italy; and or. the south by the Pyrenees and the Mediterranean. Climate. — France enjoys the most delightful climate in all Europe; only the actually mountainous districts have a severe climate. Else- where, even in the northern departments, the winters are mild, while even in the most southerly, the summers are not too hot. The climate of wes- tern and southern France is "oceanic," permitting palm trees to flourish in the open air (mean temperature in Jan. of Marseilles 44.6°F., of Bordeaux 42.8°F.), while that of eastern France is more "continental" (mean tem- perature in Jan. of Nancy 33.8°F.). The annual mean temperature of southern France is 59°F., of central France 55.4°F., and of northern France 50°F., much higher than the temperature of similar latitudes as, e. g., Ger- many. The rainfall is great; on the Atlantic coast rain falls on 152 days per annum, in the centre on 140, and in the south on 60-70. In the south and west the maximum rainfall occurs in autumn, in the northeast in winter. See Climate Map of Europe, pp. 24, 25. Natural Productions. — (i) Agriculture. Half the total area of France is under cultivation, and of the remainder one third is pasture and another third forest land. Most of the cultivable land is split up into very small farms, worked usually by peasant proprietors. Wheat is the principal grain crop, and grows in all parts of the country, but more particular north of the Seine. Oats are cultivated in the north and northeast; rye in the central plateau; maize in the Rhone Valley and southwestern plains; and buckwheat in the northeast. The vine is the most valuable of the agricultural products, for France is the greatest wine pro- ducing country in the world. The chief vine regions are the valleys of the Garonne and Dordogne, claret being obtained from the north of Bordeaux; the valleys of the Loire and the Allier; the region of the headstreams of the Seine system, where the wine takes it name from the province, Champagne; the Saone Valley, where the eastern slope of the Cote d'Or produces Bur- gundy; the Rhone Valley and the Mediterranean districts. The sugar beet is extensively grown in the northeastern part of France, especially in the provinces of Artois and Picardy. The northern depart- ments also produce most of the colza for oil-making, and more than half xi\eflax. The olive is cultivated in the south; while the silkworm is reared on the leaves of the mulberry trees grown in most parts of the Rhone Valley. Oranges and other fruits are cultivated in the Riviera. Tobacco, which is a government monopoly, is grown almost exclusively in the valley of the Garonne and in Algeria. Wood is the chief domestic fuel; the forests, principally in the east and southwest, occupy about 23 million acres. (2) Cattle and sheep farming. Cattle are raised on the western plains, and sheep on the central plateau. Most of the agricultural labour is per- formed by oxen, and in the south by donkeys and mules. (3) Fisheries. Fishing is extensively carried on around the shores; while French fishing vessels visit the banks of Newfoundland and Ice- land for cod. Oyster culture is an important industry on the Atlantic coast, especially at Arcachon, and on the Mediterranean coast. (4) Minerals.— The mineral wealth is much less than that of Great Brit- ain, consequently manufactures do not occupy so large a place in the in- dustrial life of the nation. There are only two large coalfields, one in the northeast which extends from the Belgian frontier south of Lille, and the other on the eastern edge of the central plateau with St. Etienne as its chief centre. Iron is nearly all mined at or near Nancy, where a consider- able iron and steel industry has developed. Lead is the only other metal much worked; it is found in the mountains of Auvergne in central France. Salt is mined on the borders of Switzerland, Germany, and Spain, but one iLee Meriwether, "Seeing Europe by Automobile" (1911). 'Betham-Edwards, "In the Heart of the Vosges" C1912). iLee Meriwether, "Seeing Europe by Automobile" (191 1). 266 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS half of the supply comes from the salt marshes {salines) of the flat shores of the Bay of Biscay and the Mediterranean. Manufactures. — The chief manufacture is silk, the next wine, and then woollen goods. Nine tenths of the silk woven is made at Lyons. Woollens are produced chiefly in the north, about three-quarters of the raw material being imported. Cottons are more largely made at Rouen, a port well situ- , ated on the Seine for obtaining American cotton. Lace making, a typical French industry, occupies large numbers of women in their own homes. In the making of furniture, jewellery, and other objects of art, France is unsurpassed. Water power is largely used in French manufactures. On the slopes of the Vosges and in the valley of the Isere, where coal is difficult to obtain, water is the chief source of power. Water power from the Rhone at Lyons and from the Loire near Saint-Etienne is used also to supplement steam power. CHIEF CITIES AND INDUSTRIES OF FRANCE CITY thousands department PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES Amiens* 93 Somme Cottons and woollens. Angers* 83 Marne-et-Loire Sail cloth, hosiery, leather, chemicals, slate quarries. Paper, woollens, linens, disr Angoul^me* 38 Ch a rente tillcries, tanneries. Avignon* 49 Vaiicliisc Silk. Besancon* 57 Doubs Watches, linens, cottons, silks. BIZIERS 51 Herault Woollens, hosiery, chemicals. Bordeaux* 261 Gironde Sugar, soap, shipbuilding, pot- teries, distilleries. BoULOpN E-SUR-M ER S3 Pas-de-Calais Soap, earthenware, linen, woollens, coal, corn, butter, fish. BOURGES* 45 Cher Cloth, leather. Brest 90 Finisterre Cereals, brandy, sardines, mackerel. (Naval dockyard.) Caen 46 Calvados Lace. Calais 72 Pas-de-Ca!ais Cotton, silk, bobbinet lace. Cherbourg 43 La Manche (Naval dockyard.) Clermont-Ferrand* 65 Puy-de-Domc Confectionery, hats, boots and shoes. Dijon* 76 Cote-d'Or Wmes, cotton, tanneries. Dunkirk 38 Nord Linens, especially jute and sail cloth, leather, soap, starch, ropes. Grenoble* 77 Isere Gloves, linens, leather. Le Havre 136 Seine-Inferieure Sugar, cottons, paper, glass, Le Mans* 69 Sarthe Woollens, linens, machinery, leather. L B VA LLOI8- P B RR ET 68 Seine Motor cars, carriages, perfum- ery, liqueurs, soap. Lille* 217 Nord Woollens, beet sugar, textiles. Limoges* 92 Haute-Vienne Enamel goods, porcelain, cloth, foundries. Lor IE NT 49 Morbihan Shipbuilding. Lyons* 523 Rhone Centre of silk manufacturing. Marseilles* 5 50 Bouches-du- Rhone Shoes, leather goods, sugar, soap. MONTPELLIER 80 Herault Cottons, candles, soap, chemi- Montreuil-sous-3ois 43 Seine Paints, oils, varnish, glass, chemicals. Nancy* 119 Meurthe-et-Moselle Woollens, cottons, lace. Nantes* 170 Loire-Inferieure Machinery, linens, cottons, sail-cloth, flannel, leather, ropes. Neuilly-sur-Seinb 44 Seine Chocolate, varnish, carpets. Nice* 142 Alpes Maritimes Perfumery, soap, tanning. NlMBS* 80 Card Silk and cotton goods. Orleans* 72 Lolret Confectionery, pottery, wool- lens. Silks, leather goods, carpets, Paris* V888 Seine tapestries, bronzes, lamps, watches, gloves, sugar. Pau* 37 Basses-Pyrenees (Health resort.) Perpignan* 39 Pyrenees-Orient ales Iron, wool, oil, wine, corks, leathers. Poitiers* 41 Vienne Printing, brushes, tanning. Wines, flannels, blankets, me- Reims or Rheims ns Marne rinos. Rennbs* 79 Ille-et-Vilaine Sail cloth, linens, shoes, hats. Roanne 36 Loire Cottons, woollens, linens. Roche FORT 36 Charente-Inferieure Wine, brandy. ROUBAIX 122 Nord Textiles, beet sugar. Rouen 124 Seine-Inferieure Woollens, chemicals, beet sugar, earthenware. Saint-Denis 71 Seine Tanneries, breweries, gelatine, Saint-Etienne soda, calicoes. 148 Loire Coal and iron, silks, cutlery. Saint-Nazaire 38 Loire-Inferieure Shipbuilding, steel works. Sa:nt-Ouen 41 Seine Metal founding, machine con- struction. Saint-Quentin 55 Aisne Cottons, woollens. Toulon 104 Var Shipbuilding, fishing, lace- making, wine growing. (Na- val dockyard.) Toulouse* 149 Haute-Garonne Iron goods. Toorcoing 82 Nord Woollens, cottons, linens, silks, dye works. Tours* 73 Indre-et-Loire Silks. Troves* 55 Aube Cottons, woollens, soap, paper, gloves. Versailles* 60 Seine-et-Oise Boots and shoes, market gardening. ^Capital of department. Capital — Paris, on the Seine. Population 2,888,110. Chief Ports. — Marseilles, on the Mediterranean, is the chief harbour and trades with Mediterranean ports and the Orient; Havre, at the mouth of the Seine does the chief import trade in grain and raw materials from America; Bordeaux, on the Garonne, is the chief wine exporting town; Nantes, Dunkirk, Calais, Boulogne, Dieppe, and St. Nazaire, are less ex- tensive seaports. The great naval ports are Cherbourg, Brest, and Toulon. Commerce. — ^The position of France on three seas gives her great natural advantages for foreign commerce, while her magnificent network of rivers, canals, and railroads facilitates a brisk trade at home. The foreign trade is carried on chiefly with the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Belgium, and Italy. \ViTH THE United States. — From the United States France receives cotton (raw and manufactured), copper, oils, iron and steel manufactures, breadstufFs, tobacco, etc. In exchange she exports to the United States silks, cottons, works of art, woollens, fruits, etc. Chief Imports. — ^Wool, cotton, coal, oleaginous fruits and seeds, machin- ery, raw skins, cereals, timber, caoutchouc, copper, petroleum oils, coffee, and wines. Chief Exports. — Cotton tissues, silk tissues, wool, woollen tissues, wines, small wares, automobiles, silks, raw skins, millinery and artificial flowers, dressed skins, tools and metal goods, machinery, pig iron, butter, table fruits, refined sugar, brandy and liqueurs, fish, and cheese. Communications. — ^The system of railroads is very extensive. They are almost entirely concedes, and become state property after the expira- tion of the concession. There are 30,000 miles of railway divided among six great companies, whose lines scarcely overlap. The Norlkern occupies the section between Boulogne and the German frontier, with connections to England by the Calais-Dover route. The WtsUrn sends one main line down the Seine valley through Rouen to Havre and Dieppe, another to the naval harbour of Cherbourg in Normandy, and a third to that of Brest in Brittany, with branches to the chief intervening towns. The Paris-Orleans serves the area between the Loire and the Garonne, including the wine-producing district of Charente; the chief centres of traffic are Orleans, Tours, and Poitiers. At Bordeaux it connects with the Southern lines, one of which runs into Spain at Bayonne, leading to Madrid and Lisbon, another by Toulouse to Cette, Montpellier, and Spain. The Paris-Lyons and Mediterranean has the greatest amount of traffic, and has two lines to the south traversing the wine-growing districts of Burgundy and the silk and iron centres of the Upper Loire and Rouen valleys. The main line runs southeast to Dijon {whence a branch leads to Bern), turns south down the valley of the Saone to Macon (the junction for the Mont Cenis tunnel route to Italy). The Eastern railway brings the vme- yards of Champagne, and the iron-works of Meurthe-et-Moselle into communication with the capital. One Ime through Chalons, a wine centre, and Nancy, enters Germany by Avricourt; another passing the fortifications of Belfort goes into Alsace and Switzerland, connecting with Austria by the Arlberg tunnel, and with Italy by the St. Gothard tunnel. The length of telegraph wires is 152,000 miles, and of telephone lines 108,000 miles. The rivers are extensively used for inland navigation, their usefulness being increased by a number of canals connecting them with one another and the rivers of the neighbouring countries. Coinage. The franc of 100 centimes is of the value of 19.3 U. S. cents or 9§ d. Gold coins m use are 20 and 10 franc pieces. Silver coins are 5, 2, I, and J franc pieces and 20 centime pieces. Bronze coins. are loand 5 centime pieces. There is a double standard of value, gold and silver, the ratio being theoretically 15^ to one. The present monetary convention between France, Belgium, Italy, Swit- zerland, and Greece — known as the Latin Union — is continued from year to year. According to its terms the five contracting states have their gold and silver coins respectively of the same fineness, weight, diameter, and current value. Government. — France, since the overthrow of Napoleon III. in 1870, has been a Republic governed by a President and two Chambers. The President is elected for seven years by the two Chambers united in National Assembly, and receives 600,000 francs (?l20,ooo) a year, and a further allow- ance of 600,000 francs for expenses. He appoints the ministers and makes all civil and military appointments. War can be declared by the Presi- dent only with consent of the two Houses, and his every act must be counter- signed by a minister. The legislature consists of the National Assembly, sitting in two houses; namely, the Senate of 300 members, indirectly elected for nine years (one third retiring every three years), and the Chamber of Deputies of 584 members elected for four years by universal suffrage. Both houses can initiate and frame laws, except in the case of financial laws, which must first be presented to and voted by the Chamber of Deputies. Deputies and Senators are both paid at the rate of 15,000 francs (^3,000) a year. The Presidents of the two Chambers each receive in addition 72,000 francs (^14,500) a year for the expense of entertainment. Members of both Chambers travel free on all railways on making a small annual payment. The colonies are regarded as being politically part of France, and are represented in the Senate by four Senators and in the Chamber by ten Deputies. FRENCH COLONIES DEPENDENCIES Asia French India. French Indo-China. Africa Algeria* French Morocco. Tunis French West Africa: Senegal French Guinea Ivory Coast Dahomey .... French Sahara French Equatorial Africa French East Africa: Madagascar Somali Coast . America St. Pierre and Miquelon Guadeloupe .... Martinique .... Guiana Austraiasia New Caledonia . Society Islands . DATB OF ACQUISITION 1679 1861-.92 1830-I902 1912 1893 1843 1843 1893 1880 1643-1896 1864 1635 1634 163s 1626 1834-87 I84I-8I Total AREA (sq. miles) 200 309,979 3,812,200 7,200 8,378 4,395.224 POPULATIOM 277.700 16,600,000 5,563,828 39,948,300 428,850 50,500 81,100 62,950,278 *Algeria forms an integral part of France, under a governor-general. GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS 267 GERMAN EMPIRE (See Map, p. 41) The present German Empire {Deutsches Reich) ■was\aunched only a generation ago; but in order to understand its present relations to neighbouring states we must take a glance back- ward. Just as France was foreshadowed in the kingdom of the West Franks in the division of Charlemagne's empire, so Germany was foreshadowed in the kingdom of the East Franks, which was the chief among the three kingdoms (see Map of the Empire of Charlemagne, p. 47). While in France the crown became a nucleus for the steady and solid growth of the kingdom, the Teutonic kingship passed from house to house until in 1273 it settled with the Hapsburgs. But in spite of occasional successes, the central power grew weaker and weaker, with the result that the constituent states were able to establish their virtual independence. The sole political bond of unity was the Holy Roman Empire. Nominally this consisted of the kingdoms of Ger- many, Italy, and Burgundy; but actually the two latter fell away, and the idea of the kingdom became merged in that of the empire. Though nominally Roman, the Empire was actually German; but since the emperor was elected, the subordination of the various fiefs was only nominal. From 1438 to the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 the House of Hapsburg was the dominate member of this loose con- federation, and the Archduke of Austria, as the ruler of this house, was also the Holy Roman Emperor. Austria's future rival, Brandenburg, was one of the seven states, and not the most important, whose rulers had the right of electing the emperor. The religious wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth cen- turies destroyed any possibility of establishing German political unity on the basis of the Holy Roman Empire; while they increased the power of the chief Protestant prince, the Elector of Brandenburg. The Duchy of Prussia, a fief of Poland, was acquired by inheritance in 161 1, and the treaty of Westphalia in 1648 still further increased the growth of the Brandenburg domains. Under the Great Elector Frederick William I. (1640-1688), Brandenburg-Prussia be- came the dominate state in North Germany and the rival of Austria. In 1701 the elector (Frederick I. of the House of Hohenzollern) took th€ title of King of Prussia. The Rhine- land territory was extended in 1702, 1707, and 1713; part of Swedish Pomerania was acquired by the treaty of Stockholm in 1720; Silesia was seized (in time of peace and in contra- vention of treaty) in 1740; the North Sea was reached by the acquisition of East Friesland in 1744, while Polish terri- tory was seized in the partitions of that unfortunate country. The chief agent in this scheme of territorial aggrandize- ment was Frederick the Great (i 740-1 786). Among the makers of the modem German national state an important place must be given to Napoleon. His recon- struction of Germany between 1800 and 181 1, though re- sented by the Germans, swept away the three hundred little sovereignties that obstructed reform, and substituted a limited number of considerable states among which subsequent union was possible. After the fall of Napoleon another loose confederation was formed, with Prussia and Austria as rivals for its leadership. This rivalry led to the war of i856, when Austria was defeated by Prussia and left the union. By the annexation of Schleswig-Holstein, Hanover, Hesse-Homburg, Hesse-Cassel, Nassau, and Frank- fort, Prussia united her separated territories and increased her preponderance in Germany. In 1870-71 the Franco- Prussian war added Alsace-Lorraine; the North German Confederation was extended by the inclusion of the four South German States (Hesse-Darmstadt, Baden, Wiirttem- berg, and Bavaria); and the German Empire sprang into being as the predominant power in western Europe. Anti-Prussian Sentiment in Germany. — Since Prussia became the dominant member of the German family of states, the overbearing attitude of her sons has antagonized the remainder of the nation. With the blood of the conqueror flowing in their veins, with a history which makes them justly proud and conscious of superior prowess, the modern Prussian, both before and after the foundation of the empire of to-day, has shown a great knack of making himself offensive to the other Ger- mans. The dislike felt for him in all non-Prussian lands is indeed very pronounced. No observant traveller under- standing the language of the country can fail to notice that in Germany. The writer remembers that while on a trip through Bavaria, some few years ago, numerous instances of the feeling came within his ken. One old peasant in the environs of Munich, suspecting his questioner to be a "Preiss" (Prussian), refused point-blank the information sought, but on being assured that his suspicion was unfounded, became quite affable and communicative. At a theatrical perform- ance in Munich, the audience hissed at the mention of the mere word " Prussia" in the play. Riding in railroad cars, the Bavarian fellow-passengers always behaved very dis- tantly toward Prussians, whom they usually detect at once by their harsh and precise enunciation. Picking up at ran- dom a local newspaper in a Bavarian cafe, the eye lighted upon a satirical editorial aimed at Prussian self-sufficiency. In a Nuremberg restaurant, overhearing the conversation at a neighbouring table which was monopolized by jovial burghers of the town, one of them was heard to tell a story at the expense of his Prussian boarder, whereupon the others remarked in chorus, "What else can you expect of a conceited Prussian?" And so it went on throughout the whole trip. . . . While travelling in the Rhine country, the writer noticed that the inhabitants of the whole province, though politically forming part of the Prussian monarchy, invari- ably avoided calling themselves Prussians, but always spoke of themselves as "Rhinelanders," and in their casual re- marks betrayed the same dislike and semi-contempt of "Prussians," meaning thereby, of course, the inhabitants of the old provinces of the kingdom. In Saxony the same fact may be noted, although the dislike is there largely mingled with a sentiment of fear. Whoever remembers how hard little Saxony has fared at the hands of Prussia, and how after the last dismemberment of that enlightened and charm- ing country but a small fragment of its original self is left, cannot wonder at this mental attitude. Go where you will, in fact, in all the non-Prussian dis- tricts of Germany, and you will discern a strong under- current of Borussophobia,andthis extends even to the capital, Berlin. They call Prussia, half in jest and half in anger, "Der Hecht im Karpfenteiche" — i. e., the pike in the carp pond, or the equivalent of an insatiable, conscienceless robber.' Evolution of Germany Industry. — What strikes us at the very outset in the evolution of German industry, says Professor M. Henri Hauser'^ of the University of Dijon, is the actual greatness of the phenomenon. There is something impressive in the spectacle of this people, which forty years ago scarcely counted at all in economic geography, and yet had become on the eve of the *Wolf von Schierbrand, "Germany" (1902). *M. H. Hauser, in "The War of Democracy" (1917). 268 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS war one of the great forces of the world. With her 900 to 1,000 millions of foreign commerce Germany reckoned in the second rank of mercantile nations, after England. Out- stripping England herself she had achieved the second place in the smelting and production of iron and the second also in the manufacture of steel. Her mercantile marine, in- ferior to ours [the French] in 1870, was in 1913 surpassed only by those of England and the United States. All this won our admiration. Are we to disavow the admiration we have expressed because Germany has dishonoured herself by crimes.? No! For Frenchmen the truth is always the truth. History will certainly record the prodigious effort of will by which Germany, victorious on the battlefield, has won her place by main force in the economic world. I do not know whether it is true that Friedrich Karl said, on the night of the surrender of Metz: "We have just conquered in the military sphere: our task is now to fight and conquer in the industrial sphere." It matters little whether the words are apocryphal: they express a profound and symbolic truth, and admirably render the thought of an entire nation. We do not hesitate then to recognize that the German people, since the foundation of the Empire, have given proof of remarkable qualities. First and foremost they have worked with intense energy, not with the feverish excite- ment which raises mountains in a few days, but with per- sistent and patient everyday labour, regular and methodical. Ostwald is right when he attributes to the Germans the faculty and genius for organization. They have carried to perfection the art of making use of men, of putting every man in his place and of getting the maximum of output from each individual. If the genius for great discoveries seems in recent times to have deserted Germany, the Germans are past masters in the application of the discoveries of science to industry. The statement has often enough been made: It is the union of the laboratory and the workshop which is the foundation of German wealth. Side by side with the union between laboratory and work- shop, it is necessary to call attention to the union between the office of the business director and the library of the economist, the geographer, and the historian. For the meth- od which the Germans applied to the production of a new aniline colour they also carried into their search for com- mercial outlets, and their organization of channels of com- merce. The German chemist and the German commercial traveller marched in step to the conquest of the globe. Cessation of Emigration. — The sudden increase in wealth resulted in the gradual disappearance of the rural population and the virtual cessation of emigration. It is repeatedly stated that the Germans were forced into a policy of expansion and conquest by the increase in their population. This was indeed the excuse they put forward to justify their attempts to create colonies of settlement in Morocco and Asia Minor. A pitiless Malthusian law had forced them, it was said, to find for themselves a "place in the sun." Now there could be no idea more false than this of Germany as an over-populated country. It is quite true that since 1871 the population of the Empire has increased from forty to nearly seventy millions. It is quite true that in spite of a decline in the birth rate, the increase in the popu- lation of Germany was 800,000 a year: that is, 800,000 more births than deaths, 800,000 more mouths to feed. But this increase was far from being excessive, for every year 700,000 Slav labourers came in to work on the great estates of the east, not to mention the Italian, Croatian, Polish, etc., labour employed in towns, mines, and \vorks. As for German emigration it is no longer more than a memory. Between 1880 and 1883 it exceeded 200,000 a year; to-day it does not reach 20,000 — much the same figure as our own [the French], and the French are regarded as a people who emigrate very little. The number of arrivals far exceeds that of departures; Germany has ceased to be a coun- try of emigration and is becoming a country of immigration. Industry and World-policy {Weltpolitik). The in- dustrial state is "tentacular," that is, it is not bounded by its frontiers but sends out its tentacles or ramifications into other countries, until the whole world becomes its field of operations. Such a state is in urgent need not only of capi- tal but of raw material. When Germany entered the indus- trial lists she was regarded as a country rich in coal and iron. But though she has coal enough, her supplies of iron ore are no longer sufficient for her demands, and she has become more and more dependent on Sweden, Spain, France, and North Africa. In the same way the textile factories of Saxony and Silesia are dependent on Texas and Louisiana. This intensive industrialism called for increased customers; and as the German people alone are not able to absorb the enormous output of the German factories, the outside world is looked to more and more.' Thus the industrial state Is committed to a world-policy, and the strength of the Empire Is placed at the service of the manufacturers. An increased export trade becomes necessary to provide interest for Ger- man capital, while the industrial classes have need of It to Insure a full day's work and save them from starvation. That is why German socialism is imperialistic. This fusion of Weltpolitik and business policy was pecu- liarly dangerous for the peace of the world. If imperialism, if the tentacular state, puts its strength at the disposal of manufacturing interests, the temptation is strong and con- stant to use this strength to break down any resistance which stands in the way of the triumph of these interests. If a crisis comes which causes a stoppage of work (there are sometimes 100,000 unemployed in Berlin) the neighbouring nation which may be held responsible for the crisis has reason to be on its guard. "Be my customer or I kill you" seems to be the motto of this industrial system, continually revolving in its diabolical circle: always producing more in order to sell more, always selling more in order to meet the necessities of a production always growing more intensive. Berlin. — Berlin, the capital of Prussia and of the empire, is the third largest city of Europe. Like other great cities, Berlin is the result of the welding together of a number of dis- tricts which sprung up from time to time around a common centre. The capital of the new German Empire is made up of a network of broad, rectangular thoroughfares from three to five miles across, spreading over a sandy plain watered by a narrow winding stream and various canals. In the heart of the city are a couple of islands, formed by two loops of the Spree, which were cut in bygone times for the defence of the city. Of these islands the larger is the original Berlin, while the smaller, where the Wendish settlers first raised their rude huts, is the ancient Koln. From the Brandenburg Gate, the grand entrance to the city, the smaller Island is reached across the wide statue- lined Schloss bridge which spans an arm of the Spree and meets Unter den Linden, the far-famed broad thoroughfare which bisects the western portion of Berlin. On this island stands the Schloss or Palace with its Imposing northern front facing the spacious Lustgarten, which has been transformed from a swamp to a beautiful garden. The cathedral, a colossal statue of Frederick the Great, the museum, and the royal mills are close at hand. Konigs- strasse, running through old Berlin, Is the commercial heart of the city and Is the single street in the Prussian capital where one gets jostled by a crowd. The Exchange, Council House, court of justice, post-office, city prison, and head- quarters of police are in this street. The palace of the prince imperial, the arsenal, royal bank, mint, and telegraph-office are In New Koln, an extension across the Spree of the Island of Koln. '"Germany — of this I am convinced — may in less than two centuries succeed in dominat- ing (.beherrschen) the whole globe {Erdkugel), in part directly and politically, in part indirectly, through language, methods and Kultur, if only it can in time strike out a 'new course,' and definitely break with Anglo-American methods of government, and with the State-destroying ideals of the Revolution." — H. S. Chamberlain, Politische Ideale (Political Ideals), 1916. GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS 269 With all its pretentions, it is easy to perceive that Berlin is a city made up of shreds and patches, like the Prussian monarchy itself, which has been augmented by alliances, purchases, seizures, and more often still by a fortunate sabre stroke, until the Hohenzollern motto, "From rock to sea," has realized itself to the full. A French writer, with perhaps a little malice, observes: "There is something of the pirate in the Prussian. His country being too poor to support him, he is driven to take from others. War is for him a business." Old Berlin is huddled away in the background of the brand-new splendour of the modern city, where the stuccoed buildings have risen at the word of command, and been con- structed with an eye to effect. Ancient as Berlin claims to be, one seeks there in vain for monuments which serve as an expression of the grandeur of the past — for old castles, antique cathedral, palaces, and houses of the middle ages . . . Wilhelms-strasse is another noted street, containing half a dozen palaces and many fine mansions. In the environs, barracks, beer-gardens, factories, gas-works, rifle-ranges, and cemeteries are mingled. Beyond lies the sandy plain of Templehof, where all the grand military reviews take place. Perhaps the most striking feature in the outward aspect of Berlin is the collection of palaces, public buildings, and statues, pleasantly varied by trees and trim-kept flower- beds. Berlin, viewed in comparison with London or with Paris, has nothing imposing about it. The long, broad streets lack life. No surging crowds throng the footways, no ex- tended files of vehicles intercept the cross traffic or deafen one with their heavy rumbling noise. And, until quite re- cently, the. best Berlin shops would bear no kind of compari- son with the far handsomer establishments in the English and French capitals.' Embodiment of Hohenzollern Character. — As I drifted down "the Lindens'^ with the crowd, observes an American writer, the question arose whether this modern, militant city, with its zest in commerce and diplomacy, in art and science, were not in many senses an embodiment of the Hohenzollern character. A Frenchman once declared that Prussia was born from a cannonball, as an eagle is from an egg. And indeed it would be hard to find another German city with so few old buildings as Berlin and so little atmosphere. A Strassburg cathedral, a market-place out of Danzig, a row of Hildesheim houses, or a Breslau Rathaus, would be as out of place here as in an arsenal. Most of the Berlin architecture has as much colour as a squadron of battleships in war-paint, and the little glamour to be found here is almost as well hidden as a pearl in a pile of oyster-shells. The city fairly bristles with weapons and militancy. Its statues, when they are not of mounted warriors with swords, or of standing warriors with spears, tend toward such subjects as Samson plying the jaw-bone of an ass, or hounds rending a stag.^ And thus Price Collier, his thoughts bent homeward: Where in all Germany is there any modern sculpture to compare with our Nathan Hale, our Minute Man, and that most spirited bit of modern plastic art in all the world, the Shavy Monument in Boston ? You cannot stand in front of it without keeping time, and here lips of bronze sing the song of patriotism till your heart thumps, and you are ready to throw up your hat as the splendid young figure and his negro soldiers march by — and they do march by!^ Hamburg. — Hamburg is the great emporium of Germany, and is the second largest city in the Empire. It is one of the three Free Hanse Cities (the others being Liibeck, and Bremen), with a constitution and laws of its own. Ham- burg is on the Elbe, and is sixty-five miles from Cuxhaven, to which port it is connected by rail. 'H. Vizetelly. 2R. H. Schauffler, "Romantic Germany" (1909). 'Price Collier, "Germany and the Germans" (1913) Hamburg has a perfect technical equipment, permitting the most expeditious, the smoothest possible passage of freight between sea and inland carriers. It has a network of waterways at its command and a railway system converging upon it from all parts of central Europe. Steamship lines give it probably a larger number of direct connections with foreign countries than any other port enjoys. Moreover, this equipment is utilized as it should be. Port and channel dues are low. There is a heavy use of the Elbe inland and good cooperation with it on the part of the railways. The latter give their lowest tariffs to aid Hamburg against its foreign rivals or to further German exportation. . . . The Germany of to-day is unthinkable without Ham- burg, which is the symbol of German persistence, thorough- ness, care of details, appreciation of opportunity, and nice adaptation of the means to the end in view.' Beer Industry. — The manufacture of beer is one of the leading German industries. In Bavaria, the chief centre of the industry, the consumption is more than fifty gallons per capita. In the city of Munich the consumption exceeds seventy gallons, which means one and a half pints a day for every man, woman, and child. An American traveller gives us an amusing picture of this national custom: I have come to the conclusion that the Germans love beer. I arrived at this conclusion immediately on reaching German soil. The moment I crossed the frontier from wine- drinking France I smelt hops, and I have smelt hops ever since. The German atmosphere I find is thoroughly im- pregnated, go where you will, with the aroma from beer shops and breweries, and there is no denying the fact that the two great industries of the German nation are hop raising and beer drinking, the women attending to the former and the men to the latter. In my innocence I once thought that beer drinking in England was carried to excess, but I was mistaken. Eng- lishmen, as yet, are in the infant class — in the A B C's — in acquiring a German's education in the practice of beer drink- ing, and stowing away under their vests such vast quantities of the extract of hops. Every little village and every city, large and small, throughout Germany is full of an indefinite number of buildings which are devoted to the sale of beer or its manufacture. Beer shops are on the corners of all the streets, they are round the corners, they are next door and over the way, they are on opposite sides of the streets, they are in the basements or the attics, they are at the end of every dark lane and disreputable alley, and those that are not above ground are under ground; in fact, beer shops are everywhere. The German begins drinking beer early in the morning. Before he takes his coffee he swallows a few glasses to counter- act the effect of the beer of the day previous. In place of coffee he takes beer again, which he stows away as a founda- tion on which to build the day's work in beer drinking. During the forenoon he has not fingers and toes enough to tally the number of glasses that it takes to give him an ap- petite for his dinner. ' Up to this time it has been mere child's play — ^just prac tising the scales, as it were — to keep his throat pliable. Irt the afternoon he gets decidedly thirsty, and he makes a busi- ness of beer drinking; he "wades in," so to speak, and the number of glasses that he consumes by twelve or one o'clock at night would be as difficult to count as a shower of shooting stars. I don't wish to overdraw the picture or paint it in false colours. I wish it merely to be understood that the Ger- mans, as a race, are very fond of beer, and that they drink a great deal of it.^ The Three Loves of Germany. — What are they? Mar- tin Luther's "wine, woman, and song" {JVein, f7eib, und Gesang) will probably suggest themselves first; but in the opinion of a transatlantic critic they are "music, beer, and sauerkraut." ^Edwin J. Clapp, "The Port of Hamburg" (191 1). 'Henry Ruggles, "Germany Seen Without Spectacles" (1883). 270 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS There are three things the Germans are intensely fond of — music, beer, and sauerkraut; there is no denying this fact. I hesitate which to put first on the list as their special favourite. I think if a German was asked which his heart or inmost soul craved most be would be a long time in making up his mind, and finally be obliged to answer, "Alle drei," — all three. In journeying through the country the traveller is constantly butting against positive proof wherever he goes that these triplet favourites have a tenacious hold on the national heart, and that the love of each is part of the German nature. He is convinced of the fact through the organs of hearing, seeing, and smelling. Go where he will, he hears music — splendid music, too; and in every city, village, town, and hamlet, wherever his footsteps or the railways carry him, he has abundant evidence that one of the principal occupations of the people, man, woman, and child, is beer- drinking. As for sauerkraut, the abominable smell of it while undergoing the cooking process greets his nose in the majority of German houses, hotels, and pensions. . . . One of the chief delights of German travel is the enchant- ing music for which Germany is noted, and which one en- counters in every part of the country; but the disagreeable part of travel is the unearthly, indescribable odours arising from the constant cooking in various ways of the national vegetable, the cabbage. . . . The odour from the cooking of cabbage in its natural state is endurable and Christian compared to the cooking of sauerkraut. About the latter there is a mixture of bar- barian. Oriental, and menagerie smells that makes one imagine that he is in one of the resurrected graveyards or tombs of the ancient Egyptians. I do not wish to overdraw the picture or magnify the quality of this national odour; I am stating the impression it makes on strangers gener- ally, and especially on Americans, when they first travel through the country, and stumble on it at every street- corner and in every house they enter. Fortunately for those who remain in Germany any length of time, this peculiarity of the atmosphere gradually dies away, and in a few months or years they become so thoroughly Germanized that they fail to detect anything more unpleasant from the perfume of a dish of sauerkraut than they would from a bouquet of the choicest flowers.^ Amber Fishers of the Baltic. — The Samland, equi- distant from Danzig and Memel, is the California of East Prussia, and along the coast there for more than thirty cen- turies the bulk of the amber supply of the world has been obtained. Twenty or thirty feet beneath the sand dunes, and extending to the ocean floor, are veins of "blue-earth," in which the yellow and yellow-brown masses are embedded, so that amber can be mined as well as fished. The slow sinking of the sea-level and the action of tide and storms help to free the amber, so that it is easier to fish than to dig for it. The right to fish belongs to the coast villages, and in some cases to the government. Amber fishing is no child's play, for the fishers either work shoulder deep in the water, while the chilling spray dashes over them, or they spend five hours a day in the sea- bottom in heavy diving armour while the air above is at freezing temperature. After a storm the men work among the surf with forks and hand-nets, to poke out and detach from the seaweed any loose pieces which they pass to women who stand as near as they can to the water. But the largest and finest blocks are rolled about on the sea-floor and remain behind. These are sought among the shallows by men in boats when the water is clear. On certain reefs trained divers are at work in specially made diving dress, which allows them to lie down and work like a collier, loosening the blocks on the sea-floor. When gathered, the amber is sorted according to colour and size. Pale pieces go to Turkish pipe-makers; light- coloured and veined slabs are sent to Italy; the dull yellow pieces go to the South Sea and Africa. The ordinary quali- ties go mostly to Leghorn and Venice. In return, the Baltic provinces import the red coral from the Adriatic, for a string of coral beads is considered a necessary part of a Polish bride's outfit.^ SYNOPSIS OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE (See Map, p. 41) The German Empire occupies the centre of Europe and comprises four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies, seven principalities, three Free Cities, and one imperial territory (Alsace-Lorraine, taken from France in 1871). It is bounded by Russia on the east; Austria and Switzerland on the south; France, Holland, and Belgium on the west; and the North and Baltic Seas and Denmark on the north. Three of the frontiers are indi- cated by artificial boundaries; the southern one is formed by Lake*Con- stance and the mountains which stretch eastward from it. STATES OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE STATES designation CAPITAL AREA (sq. miles) POPULATION Prussia Kingdom Berlin 134,664 40.165,219 Bavaria Kingdom Munich 29,293 6,887,291 Saxony Kingdom Dresden 5,789 4,806.661 WURTTEMBERG Kingdom Stuttgart 7,532 2,437.574 Baden Grand Duchy Karlsruhe 5,819 2,142,833 Hesse Grand Duchy Darmstadt 2,968 1,282,051 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Grand Duchy Schwerin 5,068 639.958 Saxe-Weimar Grand Duchy Weimar 1,394 417,149 Mecklenburg-Strelitz Grand Duchy Neu-Strelitz 1,131 106,442 Oldenburg Grand Duchy Oldenburg 2,482 483,042 Brunswick Duchy Brunswick 1,418 494,339 Saxe-Meininoen Duchy Meiningen 953 278,762 Saxe-Altenburo Duchy Altenburg 511 216,128 Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Duchy Coburg and Gotha 763 257,177 Anhalt Duchy Dessau 888 331.128 SCHWARZBURG-RUDOL- STADT Principality Rudolstadt 363 100,702 Schwarzburg-Sonders- HAUSEN Principality Sondershausen 333 89,917 Waldeck Principality Arolsen 433 61,707 Reuss-Greiz, Principality Greiz 122 72,769 Reuss-Gera Principality Gera 319 152,752 Schaumburg-Lippe Principality Bijckeburg 131 46,652 LiFPE Principality Free City Detmold 469 » 50,937 LObeck Liibeck 115 116,599 Bremen Free City Bremen 99 299,526 Hamburg Free City Hamburg 160 1,014,664 Alsace-Lorraine Reichsland* Strassburg 5,607 1,874.014 Total . . . 208,825 64,925,991 '"Imperial Land" under a Statthalter or governor. Climate. — The climate varies in different districts accordmg to altitude, latitude, and proximity to the sea; but it is generally of a "continental" character, and subject to extremes of heat and cold. The Rhine Valley enjoys the mildest temperature; the lower plains of Prussia, and especially the eastern regions, are very cold, damp and bleak in winter, but hot and dry in summer. The highland districts of Bavaria, Wiirttemberg, Baden, etc., are extremely cold in winter, but genial in summer. The mean annual temperature of southwestern Germany, or the Rhine and Danube basins, is about 52° to 54°F., that of central Germany 48° to 50°F., and that of the northern plain 46° to 48°F. In Pomerania and West Prussia it is only 44° to 45°F., and in East Prussia 42° to 44°F. In regard to rainfall, Germany holds a middle position between the hu- midity of northwest Europe and the aridity of the east. The rainfall is greatest in the Bavarian table-land and the hilly regions of western Ger- many. See Climate Map oj Europe, pp. 24, 2J. Natural Productions. — (i) Agriculture. One fifth of Prussia is un- productive, and consists of marshes, swamps, heaths, and sandy wastes. The most unfruitful districts are in the provinces of East and West Prussia, Pomerania, Brandenburg, Silesia, and Hanover. About one fourth of the empire is covered with woods and forests, which yield valuable timber. The forests also give rise to local industries such as clock and toy making by the peasants of the Vosges and Black Forest, and the burning of charcoal for fuel for the factories of Silesia. Potatoes and rye are extensively grown, and form the chief food of the people. A relatively greater area is devoted to the cultivation of the potato than in any other country; it is twice the proportion found in Ire- land. The potatoes are also used for making brandy and other spirits; this is also one of the purposes to which the sugar beet is put, especially in the centre and northeast of the country. Oats and wheat are also largely grown. In Saxony and Silesia flax ranks next in importance to the su^r beet. Hops are grown principally in the south, especially in Bavaria. The vine- is cultivated in the plain of the Upper Rhine, and on the terraced slopes of the tributary valleys. Fruit and tobacco are also grown in the same region. (2) Cattle and sheep fanning. Most sheep are raised in the north of Prussia, but the finest wool comes from Saxony and Silesia. The number of sheep now raised is not so great as it was thirty years ago. On the other hand the raising of pigs has increased at the same rate as sheep rearing has diminished. Cattle rearing has also increased; it is the leading industry of Schleswig-Holstein. Horses are raised for the army in East Prussia. (3) Minerals. The production of coal is exceeded only in the United States and Great Britain. The three chief coal-fields are in the Ruhr Valley in Westphalia, Upper Silesia, and Saxony. Lignite is also mined. Iron ore occurs in the same districts as the coal, thus fixing the sites of the great 'Henry Ruggles, "Germany Seen Without Spectacles" {1883). ■Adapted from the London Standard. GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS 271 metal-working and manufacturing towns. Silver is produced in Saxony in the Harz Mountains. Zinc is produced in Upper Silesia and the vine district. The Harz and the Erzgebirge also contain ores of copper, lead, and tin, besides great quantities oi potash salts. On account of this mineral wealth, there are a number of chemical works at Stassfurt. Salt is worked in many parts of the country. Manufactures. — Iron and steel rank first, then textiles, glass (especially scientific apparatus), porcelain, and paper. In the production of chemicals, dyes, and drugs Germany leads the world. Shipbuilding is carried on at Hamburg and at most of the Baltic ports. Germany is becoming more and more a manufacturing country. About 37 per cent of the population are supported by industry and mining, 33 per cent by agriculture, and 12 per cent by trade and traffic. Germany supports about nine-tenths of her population by her own produce. CHIEF CITIES AND INDUSTRIES OF GERMANY POP. in CITY thousands state principal industries Aachen 156 Prussia Zinc, metal goods, machinery, chemi- cals, woollens. Alton A 173 Prussia Tobacco and cigars, machinery, wool- lens, cottons, chemicals. Barmen 169 Prussia Silks, cottons, woollens. Berlin 2,071 Prussia Metal goods, machinery, woollens, chemicals, tobacco, porcelain, sew- ing machines, carpets, silks, cloth, soap, lamps, china, furniture, gloves, buttons, breweries, books, electrical plant. Bielefeld 78 Prussia Cottons, linens. BOCHUM 137 Prussia Iron and steel, coal mining, carpets, brickworks, breweries. Bremen* 247 Bremen Shipbuilding, engine building, rope making, tobacco, distilleries, sugar refining, rice shelling. Breslau 512 Prussia Woollens, linen. Brunswick 144 Brunswick Machinery, pianos, preserves, chemi- cals, beer, books, sausages. Charlottenburg 306 Prussia Iron works, porcelain. Chemnitz 288 Saxony Cottons, woollens, metal goods. Cologne 517 Prussia Beet sugar, chemicals, perfumes, leather. Crefeld 129 Prussia Silks, velvets, dyeing, engineering, chemicals, soap, distilleries, tan- neries. Danzig ' 170 Prussia Shipbuilding. DctkTMUND 214 Prussia Breweries, iron and steel, machinery, sewing machines. Dresden 548 Saxony Porcelain, photographic materials. DUISBURO 229 Prussia Copper, steel, brass, chemicals, ship- building, tobacco, cotton, sugar, soap. Dusseldorf 359 Prussia Silks, cottons, coal. Elberfeld 170 Prussia Silks, woollens, cottons. Essen 295 Prussia Iron and steel, machinery; (Krupp works). Frankfurt am Main 41S Prussia Chemicals, leather; (celebrated fair). Gelsenkirchen 170 Prussia Coal, iron, steel, soap, glass, chemicals. Halle 181 Prussia Salt, sugar refining, machinery, dis- tilling, coal mining, dyeing, oils. Hamburg* 931 Hamburg (Chief distributing centre for Mid- dle Europe.) Provisions, breweries, distilleries, mineral waters, textiles, tobacco, cigars, machinery, chemi- cals, oils, soap, celluloid, leather. Hanover 302 Prussia Cotton spinning, iron foundries, chemi- cals, tobacco, cigars. Karlsruhe 134 Baden Machinery, engineering, and iron. Kiel 212 Prussia (Chief naval port.) Shipbuilding, iron foundries, flour mills, oil works, saw mills, breweries, soap, fish curing. KOnigsberg 246 Prussia Amber. Leipzig 590 Saxony (Centre of German book trade.) Type-founding. LuBECK* 99 Liibeck Breweries, distilleries^ saw-mills, ship- building, fish-curing^ machinery, engines, bricks, resin, preserves, furniture, soap. Magdeburg 280 Prussia Beet sugar, machinery, woollens, linens. Mannheim 194 Baden Chemicals, wines. Meissen 34 Saxony Porcelain. MiJLHAUSEN 95 Alsace-Lorraine Cottons, metal goods. Munich 596 Bavaria Breweries. NUREMBURG 333 Bavaria Watches, clocks, trinkets, gold and silver repousse work. POSEN 157 Prussia Machinery, furniture, sugar, milling and brewing. Potsdam 62 Prussia \yooIlens. RlXDORF 237 Prussia Linoleum, furniture, cloth, pianos, ScHONEBERG beer, soap. 173 Prussia Railway plant, cigars, paper, soap, chemicals. Solingen 51 Prussia Cutlery. Stettin 236 Prussia Shipbuilding, distilleries, potteries, Strassburg and engineering works. 179 Alsace-Lorraine Breweries, leather, hops, chemicals. Musical instruments, hosiery. Stuttgart 286 Wiirttemberg Zwick.au 74 Saxony Coal and iron, woollens. •Free Hanse Cities. Capital — Berlin, on the Spree. Population 2,071,257. Chief Ports. — Hamburg, the principal trading harbour on the conti- nent, Bremen, Stettin, Liibeck, Danzig, and Konigsberg. Wilhelmshafen on the North Sea, and Kiel on the Baltic are naval ports. The Baltic is not navigable in winter on account of the ice, but some of the Baltic harbours remain open in mild winters. Commerce. — German trade policy is that of protection. The Zolherein, or customs league, applies to all parts of the empire (as well as Luxemburg) except a small portion of Hamburg which retains its own privileges but practically forms a vast bonded warehouse. The Zollverein establishes free trade among the several Ge'rman states and a common tariff on imports, exports, and goods in transit. On account of the difficulty of transit in some parts of Germany and the number of foreign countries it touches, one part of the country often exports produce that another part needs to im- port; e. g., North Germany exports wheat, while Bavaria imports it. The foreign commerce resembles somewhat that of the United Kingdom, for in the imports food supplies and raw materials are of more importance than manufactures. Germany, however, is not so dependent as Great Britain upon foreign supplies of food, the chief articles needed being wheat and barley. The bulk of the outward trade is in manufactured goods, iron and steel goods and machinery coming first, followed by cottons and woollens. The principal foreign trade is done with the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, and Austria-Hungary. With the United States. — Germany receives from the United States large supplies of cotton and cotton manufactures, copper, iron and steel manufactures, leather, meat and dairy produce. In return, Germany sends to the United States chemicals, drugs and dyes, fertilizers, fibres, and various textile and other manufactured goods. Chief Imports. — Corn, groceries and food products, wool and woollens, cotton and cottons, ores and precious metals, earths, chemicals and drugs, wood, hides and skins, oils and fat, animals and animal products, silk and silk goods. Chief Exports. — Iron and steel goods, machinery, textiles, chemicals and drugs, earths, ores and precious metals, hardware, groceries and food products, clothing, fancy goods, silk and silk goods, literary and art objects. Communications. — The total length of the railroads in the empire is about 13,000 miles, of which about 92 per cent belong to the different states. There are 1,500 miles of inland canals, and 1,600 miles of ship canals. Berlin is the centre of the railway system. The great railway routes from western Europe to northern Germany and to all parts of Russia and to the central part of the northern plain by the Westphalian Gate, pass through Hanover to Berlin, and there diverge to the northeast by Konigs- berg to Petrograd, to the east by Warsaw to Moscow, and to the southeast by Breslau to Odessa. The most important lines in the south are those following each bank of the Rhine from Cologne to Basel on the Swiss fron- tier, the outlet of the Westphalian manufacturing district, to Italy through Switzerland and the St. Gothard tunnel. Government. — According to the constitution of April 16, 1871, all the states of Germany form an eternal union; the direction of political and military affairs is vested in the Emperor, who may declare war, but if it is not defensive, the consent of the Bundesrat, or Federal Council, is re- quired. The Imperial army is under the supreme generalship of the Em- peror, and there is a minister of war for each of the four kingdoms — Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, and Wiirttemberg — the Prussian war minister being also minister for the smaller states. The legislative functions of the empire are vested jointly in the Reichstag and the Bundesrat, and the Emperor has no veto on laws passed by these bodies. All laws for the Empire must re- ceive the votes of an absolute majority of the Bundesrat and the Reichstag, and to take effect must be promulgated by the Emperor. The Bundesrat, which represents the individual states of the empire, as the Reichstag represents the German nation, consists of sixty-one dele- gates, appointed by the governments of the individual states for each ses- sion. Of these, 17 sit for Prussia, 6 for Bavaria, 4 each for Wiirttemberg and Saxony, 3 each for Baden, Hesse, and Alsace-Lorraine, i each for Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Brunswick, and i each for the remaining states, including Hamburg, Liibeck, and Bremen. The Bundesrat is mainly a confirming body, although it has the privilege of rejecting measures passed by the Reichstag. It has also a limited initiatory power, which it occas- ionally exercises. Members of the Bundesrat have the right of appearing in the Reichstag, and of speaking on any question in which the state they represent is directly interested. Members of the one chamber, however, are not eligible for election to the other, although they may sit in their res- pective provincial diets. The Reichstag is composed of 397 members, elected by universal suffrage and ballot for the term of five years. Of these 236 constitute the elected of Prussia, 48 represent Bavaria, 23 Saxony, and the remainder the other states in due proportion, ranging from I to 17. Members are now paid ^750 per session with a deduction of ^5 for each day's absence. GERMAN COLONIES The German colonies and dependencies at the beginning of the Great War in 1914 had a total area of 1,134,046 square miles, with a population of about 12,969,300 of whom 24,170 (including garrison and police) were whites. Of these whites about 18,500 were settled Germans. The whole of these possessions were captured and occupied by the Allies within the first two years of war, with the exception of part of the difficult hinterland of German East Africa. DEPENDENCIES DATE OF ACQUISITION AREA (sq. miles) POPULATION Africa 1884 1884 1884-90 1885-90 1898 1885-86 1886-99 1899 33,659 295,000 322,348 384,079 2,750 90,000 5,160 1,050 1,000,000 3,500,000 120,000 7,645,000 German Southwest Africa German East Africa .... ... Asia Pacific German New Guinea Solomon, Caroline, Pelew, Marianne, and Mar- 463,300 3S,coo Total 1,134,046 12,969,300 *Kiauchau was leased for a period of 99 years from China. The area of the leased terri- tory and sphere of interest is 2,750 square miles; the area of the district proper is 193 square miles. The leased territory consists of the bay up to high-water mark, its islands, and the north and south tongues of land at the mouth of the harbour. 272 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS RUSSIA Revolution March 8-16, 1917 ; Republic Formally Proclaimed September 14, igiy Russia like France has grown outwards by expansion from a single centre. The Russian power that arose in the forest region and centred at Moscow gradually extended over the great plains. This steady expansion, down her great rivers and toward the sea, has been facilitated by the decline of the empires of Sweden, Poland, Turkey, Persia, and China. The absence of natural barriers has prevented the growth of strong local differences and enabled the autocratic central authority to impose its will upon every part. On the other hand, the relative isolation of Russia has contributed to a degree of civilization much less advanced than obtains in western Europe. To get into touch with the western states Peter the Great (1682-1725) founded the present capital, Petrograd, at the mouth of the Neva. In the east and south the impossibility of drawing any permanent frontier has brought Russia up to the confines of Japan, China, and the buffer states of India, and threatens the independence of Persia. In the west, Finns, Poles, Roumanians, and Jews (see Racial Map of Europe, p. 22) constitute elements which Russia has failed either to assimi- late or conciliate. What the Empire failed to accomplish may find solution under the Republican government which was established in March, 1917. The independence of Poland and Finland, either relative or absolute, may be looked for as an outcome of the Great War and of the Rus- sian Revolution. The Cossacks. — ^The Cossacks have played an important role in Russian history. The fate of the empire has often rested in their hands. It has been for them to decide wheth- er an invading Tatar or Turkish host should be hurled back or reinforced, whether the Czar should be supported or kept in check. The origin of the Cossacks is obscure. Intrepid adven- turers, they spread from the Dnieper all over Eastern Russia. To the Cossacks of the Don (the most powerful tribe), Russia virtually owes her vast Siberian possessions. Long they resisted the Russian suzerainty, till the government had the inspiration of enlisting their warlike qualities and their incomparable horsemanship in the service of Russia. The Cossacks to-day supply the Russian army with a cavalry that is unrivalled in Europe. The Cossacks do not form a regular army and in their social life they preserve many customs reminiscent of their ancient privileges. They do not pay the same taxes as the Tsar's other subjects, they do not draw lots for military service, but undertake to provide a certain number of horses and men, either for service on the Russian frontiers or in the interior. With the exception of the colonel, appointed by the minister of war, the Cossacks have the right to elect their own chiefs. . . The Cossack has to provide his own horse and arms, but in consideration of this receives from the Governm.ent a plot of land, which is increased at the birth of each son. The customs, tastes, and habits of these adventurous no- mads have not been modified by contact with civilization. The Cossack's life is passed entirely out of doors; he returns home only at rare intervals to have an orgy of vodka. In Cossack towns and villages the only permanent popu- lation is composed of women, children, and old men; for while he has the strength, whatever his age, the Cossack prefers life in the open, and as soon as a boy is old enough to sit on a horse, his father puts him into the saddle and sets him galloping, while his mother from the door of the isba (cottage) encourages the small cavalier. While the Cossack hunts in time of peace, or fights in time of war, the women keep the stanitsa (village), take care of their houses which they keep scrupulously clean, feed their cattle, cultivate the soil, in fact do all the laborious work of agriculture. These rough labours age them before their time, but do not damp their energy and activity. A wife is no longer the timid, trembling slave of her husband, as Gogol has painted her.' Strange Customs in Little Russia. — ^The Little Rus- sians are more truly Slavs than the Great Russians; there is less Finnish blood in their veins. The peasants are taller and more robust. Many of the peasant customs are of peculiar interest to the Western visitor. They have a queer custom that a woman may do what she likes on a Monday, and, sad to relate, many of them spend that day in gossiping and drinking vodka in the taverns. . . . The door of a bad woman is tarred that she may feel herself in disgrace. In the winter evenings the younger women gather together to sing and work. A proverb warns the young man in search of a wife to choose with his ears rather than with his eyes. A child is swaddled carefully with red and black bands as soon after its birth as possible, with the idea that these will keep the devil from getting into the infant; this notion is peculiar to the peasants of Little Russia. When some one has died in the house a glass of water is placed in the window, that the spirit may wash itself in departing. A neighbour digs the grave, and is re- warded for this friendly service by a seat at the funeral repast. The dead person is carried out of the house feet foremost, so that he may not return. Formerly women were hired to wail, but that custom has been given up. Every girl has her wedding-dress got ready as soon as she is considered old enough to be married, and if she dies before her wedding it becomes her shroud. Every guest on returning from a funeral must go up to the stove and touch it with the right hand.2 Petrograd and Its Workmen. — ^As in most large cities, the growth of the population of Petrograd is mainly due to the influx of the rural element. There is also an annual migratory movement in connection with Petrograd that is peculiar. It is estimated that some 100,000 workmen of the peasant class come into the city regularly every spring and leave it every autumn. These are the bricklayers, masons, carpenters, and other artisans, who come to work on new houses and to repair old ones, which in many cases have suffered from the severities of the northern winters. They may be seen any summer evening tramping in straggling crowds along the main thoroughfares, going to their short night's rest in holes and corners which serve them as lodgings in the densely populated wards. Or glimpses of them may be had through the windows of traktirs, or te^ houses, where these workmen sip weak tea and listen to the gramophone. As a rule, the police keep them to the road- ways, when they appear in any numbers, on account of their clothes, which are often mere rags covered with the dirt of their work, and perhaps also because of the unpleasant odour from Russians of this class. It occasionally happens that perfumes have to be used after them in rooms and palaces, especially in winter, when it is too cold outside to air the apartments by opening the windows. And yet the Russian workman, in one respect, is very clean. He generally goes once a week to a public bath, where he scalds himself in the steaming chamber, and he may also have his body thrashed with birch twigs until his skin becomes the colour of a boiled lobster. This is a kind ^A. S. Rappoport, "Home Life in Russia" (1913). ^Annette M. B. Meakin, " Russia Travels and Studies" (1906). GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS 273 of massage, of very ancient origin, and peculiar to Russia in combination with the popular bath. The only objectionable circumstance is that the peasant or labourer wears the same clothes until they get too dirty, and somehow or other he cannot be induced to keep them the least bit clean. As the workmen trudge to and from their occupations many of them may be seen carrying in their girdles their beloved axes, the favourite Russian implement, with which a peasant can make almost anything in wood without any other tool, from a log hut down to a child's toy. Being a denizen of a woody country, the Russian is naturally skilful in all manner of practical woodwork. The writer has seen a per- fectly going wooden watch made by a Russian peasant, with the mechanism all of wood excepting the springs. The nomadic character of a great many of these "hewers of wood and drawers of water" may be verified by a visit to any one of the four big railway stations late in the autumn, when large crowds of rough and grimy peasants day after day besiege the ticket offices, and sit about for hours on their dirty bundles, waiting for cheap trains to take them back to their villages.^ A Russian Fair. — The scene is a curious one; hundreds of light carts, or telegues, are lined up on either side of the road, others left outside the houses; they obscure the view, block up the way, and are altogether a nuisance. The un- harnessed horses peacefully eat out of the carts; there are the same number of carts as of families, no one comes to the fair on foot. In the intervals of driving a bargain, the men splash about in a little river which runs across the village; a cloud of dust hangs over the whole picture, shutting out the rays of the sun. There is no very original merchandise to be bought in this dusty market — earthenware vessels, narrow-necked milk jugs, green polished bowls, and various articles in cut wood and horn more or less coarsely fashioned. What prin- cipally strikes the visitor are the large stacks of dry fish which people buy and eat as we ieat cakes. Beer and vodka are sold in the taverns, and the yellow kvass is drunk all over the country. The kvass is a kind of household drink, which every housewife prepares according to her special recipe. Napoleon's soldiers, if we are to be- lieve Tolstoi, called it pig's lemonade. Kvass is made of various herbs and grain distilled in hot water. Sometimes it has a bitter taste, sometimes sweet; in any case it is very refreshing, and a favourite drink in Russia. Here and there groups of hideous beggars of both sexes, dirty, ragged, and sinister looking, crouch in the dusty road in rings, chanting monotonous litanies in piercing tones. Money pours into their hats and aprons. The crowd circu- lates in high good humour, elbowing each other in the broiling sun; laughing, chatting, and nibbling sunflower seeds, without ceasing. Some of them sample the pastries which the sales- men fry in the open air. It is a real type of Russian fair, a dirty, good-humoured, evil-smelling crowd, containing an amazing number of drunkards. The men wear pink or scarlet blouses; the women are dressed from head to foot in startling colours, red, violet, blue, yellow, a mixture dazzling to the eyes at close quarters, but seen at a distance, through the haze, the result is a charming contrast to the gray landscape.'' A Moujik's Cottage.— The isba, or wooden cottage of the Great Russian peasant, is built usually of timber, with two or three windows all in a row, facing the village street, and a pointed roof. A generation back a chimney was an innovation hardly thought of, but now almost every isba IS provided with one. The peasants were very slow to understand that an outlet for the smoke from the stove could be so built as not to conduct a current of freezing winter air into the room. iG. Dobson, *'St. Petersburg" (1910). ■*A. S. Rappoport, "Home Life in Russia" (1913). The roof is of planks, in parts where these can be cheaply obtained. . . . The outside cornices, windows, and window-shutters, are ornamented with carved woodwork, more or less profuse, according to the taste and pretensions of the owner. The interior consists of one living-room with a loft above it, and a storeroom; the living-room is about fifteen feet square, and exactly one quarter of it is filled by the huge brick or clay stove. A peasant in the government of Novgorod told me he kept a little fire in his stove all through the summer to keep the walls dry. The oven is so commodious that it is often made to do duty as a steam bath. The whole family — father, mother, and children — take what we should call a Turkish bath in it every Saturday, in those villages that are not provided with a public bath. "Yes, that iswhere we bake our bread, and where we bathe," said one woman, with a pleasant smile, as she opened her oven door and let me look in. "When it is very cold we sleep on the top," pointing to the flat surface of the stove, "but in warm weather we sleep here," and she pointed to a very nar- row bench made of two or three planks which ran round the sides of the room; it was narrower than the seat of a railway carriage. In winter, if they let the icy air into their isba but for a minute, they must put more wood into the stove. When a whole family and two or three animals pass the nights, and most of the days, of a six months' winter, in one room, of which the windows are hermetically sealed, the result can be better imagined than described. The calf, the lambs, the fowls, cannot bear intense cold any more than their masters; they too must share the genial warmth given out by the giant stove. In the isba above described, the coil of iron, from one end of which a cradle was suspended, was like the closely-coiled body of a snake, in eight or nine circles, each of which was about as thick as a man's little finger, and the cradle hung from it like a child's toy at the end of a piece of elastic; the slightest touch of my hand set it gently bobbing up and down like an air balloon. Such a coil is in great request wherever a new baby appears upon the scene, and the village blacksmith always keeps a store of them ready for sale; they seem to be an invention peculiar to the Russian peas- ant.' Superstitions. — ^The moujik is most superstitious and has a deep-rooted belief in witchcraft. In times of epidemic, such as of cholera or typhoid fever, the widows and young girls of a village, after a secret con- ference, assemble late at night at the far end of the village dressed only in chemise and waistbelt and with hair hanging loose. They take with them a plough. The idea is to plough the earth round the village to prevent infection. The procession is opened by a young girl bearing an icon, surmounted by a candle; she is followed by another har- nessed to a plough, which other women push behind to help her. A third girl follows, cracking a whip without ceasing — this is to drive away the epidemic, personated by the devil. All are armed with pokers, brooms, and sticks. They chant prayers in loud tones, and lower their voices in passing an isba (cottage), so as not to be heard. Woe to the curious who would assist at this spectacle; if he is discovered he runs the risk of being torn to pieces. Usually the widows and girls preserve the profoundest secrecy as to the hour and day of the procession. . . . When illness breaks out, there is much superstition. Instead of going to some doctor the snakhar (wizard) is sent for, and only when his spells have had no success, and the invalid is worse, do they hasten to the doctor, and then it is generally too late. . . . - For nothing in the world would a peasant work in the fields during Easter Week ! For it is well known that wheat sown at Easter will not germinate. Then again, cabbages to be any good must be planted on Maundy Thursday. On certain days the .peasant will break the ice to bathe be- cause bathing on those days keeps you healthy all the year ^Annette M. B. Meakin, " Russia Travels and Studies*' (1906). 274 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS round. And then again at Epiphany, when the cross is dipped into the water, they undress and throw themselves in, and then hurry home with a cask of water and warm themselves at the stove. The "Jordan" water must be taken care of and is a remedy against all illnesses, and if placed in the fields keeps away hailstorms. At the sound of thunder every one bathes, and he who will not go to the river or the stream at least washes at home. Pouring water from a milk- pail in which there is an egg, through a wedding-ring, signifies that he who washes remains healthy, and the cow gives much milk, and the hens lay many eggs. Peas are sown in those fields which lie near the road, so that passers-by may pick the young pods if they please, for God pays those a thou- sand fold who help the poor wanderer.' The Finns. — Finland is a land of pine forest, of rock, of river, and lake. It is the playground of Petrograd; for its frontier is but a couple of hours' distance by rail. The capi- tal, Helsingfors, is surpassed by^ no other city in cleanliness, order, and all the externals of modern civilization. The Finns are a very interesting people. The real ancestor of the Finn is his climate. He is hardy in body and hard in temperament; given to silence; labor- ious and conscientious; with many virtues and few graces. The fact that he makes a splendid sailor, tells much of his character, as it causes him to be found before the mast the world over — there is a special mission to Finnish sailors in San Francisco. He steers the tar-boats down his own perilous rapids, with the daring and coolness of the Indian in his canoe; he lives as frugally — and for the same reason — as the Highlander of Scotland; you cannot help but trust him, but it is often more than you can do to get him to talk. His agriculture is yet of the most primitive character; his favourite method of cultivation is to cut down the trees in winter, leave them to dry for a season, and then burn them, with the underwoods, to clear the land, and fertilize it at the same time. Within his hard shell, however, there is a tender kernel of romance and playfulness and song. His immortal epic of the past, the Kalevala, still echoes in his heart, and his old men clasp hands and sing its runes, or others which come unbidden to their lips, in thrilling strophe and antistrophe. On Whitsun-eve, his young men light bonfires and make merry round them, and Christmas brings out his candles and fir-trees and fat fare. But he comes out of his shell most of all in midsummer for a Streitgesand, or Eisteddfod, when from far and near come singing-clubs and choirs, to be judged by a jury of their elders, in the court of a green glade, before an audience of the whole countryside.^ The Dead Land of Poland. — Poland has been called the "Niobe of nations." Like Bohemia, it is one of the dead lands of Europe, a country with a great past, but which for three generations has been at the mercy of the three empires that rent it asunder. In 1815, 1830, 1848, and again in 1863 the Polish question brought Europe to the verge of war, and since 1863 it was one on which the rulers of the world have deliberately and perhaps wisely been silent. ■» When we speak of Poland we think of the Poland and the Poles whom we know ourselves — weak, helpless, divided. But let us remember that there was an older Poland, one which occupied in Europe a position among the greatest monarchies. Five hundred years ago the Kings of Poland held a great place among the rulers of Europe. Two hundred and fifty years ago a Turkish army stood before the gates of Vienna. The great imperial city, the guardian of Chris- tendom and civilization, was beleaguered by the hosts of the infidel and the barbarian. If it fell, a flood of desolation would sweep over Central Europe. Whence could help come? It came, and the saviour was John Sobieski, King of Poland. And the next Sunday, in the Cathedral of Vienna^ the preacher took as his text, "There was a man sent from God, and his name was John." But now there is no King of Poland; there is no Poland. Fifty years ago Metternich said he had no knowledge of Italy — Italy was merely a geographical expression. Poland is not even a geographical expression. There are the Polish provinces of Prussia, there is Galicia, there is the district of the Vistula. Poland is dead, the monarchy is gone; you can see the jewels of the Polish crown preserved in a museum in a German city; you can see the tombs of the kings and recall the past greatness of the kingdom in the churches at Cra- cow, the ancient capital. But Poland is rent asunder. It has been divided between three great monarchies, by which its territory was surrounded; but the memory of the crime has not been efi^aced in the history of Europe, and Europe will never be at peace or at rest until there has been rep- aration and restoration. The final judgment on it has been given by one of the participants. Maria Theresa of Austria wrote: "When all my lands were invaded, and I knew not where in the world I should find a place to be brought to bed in, I relied on my good right and the help of God. But in this thing, where not only public law cries to Heaven against us, but also all natural justice and sound reason, I must confess never in my life to have been in such trouble and am ashamed to show my face." The hour for which the world has waited so long has now come, and at last the diplomacy of Europe has mentioned the word Poland. The first word was spoken by the ruler of that country which has enjoyed for a hundred years the larger share of the booty. The Czar proclaimed that Poland should be restored, and his Allies have taken note of the words and embodied this in their proposals for terms of peace. It is a word which has not been lightly spoken and cannot be recalled. The President of the United States has also taken note of it and has specifically stated that an autonomous and independent Poland must be a part of any new system to which he and the American nation are to give their guarantee.' SYNOPSIS OF RUSSIA IN EUROPE AND CAUCASIA (See Map, p. 42) Boundaries. — Russia is bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean; on the east by Siberia; on the south by Roumania, Black Sea, Caucasus Moun- tains," and the Caspian; and on the west by the Baltic, Prussia, and Austria. Climate. — Four climatic zones are recognized: the polar zone, on the Arctic Ocean, where polar bears and walruses are found; a frigid zone be- tween 67° and 57° N. lat.; a temperate zone between 57° and 44° N. lat.; and the warm districts in the south of the Crimea, where lemons ripen. The winters are everywhere, except in the Crimea, very long and cold (mercury freezes in the north), while the summers are brief and sultry, as is shown by the following annual mean temperatures. The mean tempera- ture in January at Archangel is 9.6°F., at Petrograd 17.6°, Moscow 15.8°, Warsaw 24.8°, Odessa 28.4°, Astrakhan 23°, and Orenburg 9°. The mean temperatures in July at the same places are 58''F., 60.8°, 66.2°, 62.6°, 70.7°, 75.2°, and 68°. The rainfall of Russia is less than that of western Europe. At Petro- grad 18 inches fall per annum; at Kasan 14, at Astrakhan 4.8 inches. For months in winter the whole of Russia is covered with a thick mantle of snow, which contributes greatly to the fertility of the soil when the spring thaw sets in. The north wind and the dry east wind are very cold. See Climate Map of Europe, pp. 24, 25. Natural Productions. — -(i) Agriculture and forestry. The frozen plains or tundras of northern Russia are succeeded by a wide belt of piTie forests, and farther south by forests of oak and beech. These forests are under government control. In the clearings, rye, oats, flax, and hemp are grown. South of the forest-land is the most fertile region of Russia, a tree- less plain extending from the Carpathians to the Urals south of 55°, and called the Land of the Black Earth, producing wheat, rye, and in the south- west maize. Potatoes are extensively grown, especially in the regions ex- tending eastward from Germany. The steppes in south Russia are clothed with grass in spring and autumn, and great quantities of cattle, sheep, and horses are reared. See Vegetation Map of Europe, p. 26. The bulk of the population is supported by agriculture. In the supply of rye, barley, flax, and hemp Russia holds first place, and in the supply of wheat and oats the second place. (2) Mining. — Iron, gold, zinc, silver, and platinum are found in great abundance. The chief coal-fields are (i) around Tula to the south of Mos- cow, (2) on the west in Poland, (3) in the south between the rivers Donetz and Don near the Sea of Azof, where the best coal is obtained. The petror- *A. S. Rappoport, "Home Life in Russia" (19x3). ^Henry Norman, "All the Russians" (1902). »J. W. Headlam, "The Dead Lands of Europe" (1917). 'The southeastern boundary has never been agreed upon by geographers. The Russians themselves take the crests of the Caucasus range as the dividing line. GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS 275 leum wells on the western shore of the Caspian are very productive; and in the production of petroleum Russia ranks next to the United States. Mines of rock sail are found in several places, and salt is also produced from the salt swamps of the steppes. See Economic Map of Europe, p. 27- Manufactures. — Distilling and "brewing are the most extensive indus- tries of European Russia. On the whole the industries are more or less undeveloped, and are largely carried on in the homes of the people. But with its vast natural and human resources there is every indication that the new democratic Russia will extend its manufacturing industries to enor- mous dimensions. CHIEF CITIES AND INDUSTRIES OF RUSSIA IN EUROPE AND CAUCASIA CITY POP. IW PROVINCE OR PRINCIPAL industries THOUSANDS "government" Astrakhan* 150 Astrakhan Fisheries. Baku ^17 Transcaucasia Petroleum, flour, sulphuric acid, tobacco, rock-salt. Berdichef 77 Kief Tobacco, soap, candles. BlALYSTOK 86 Grodno Woollens, silks, felt hats. Brest-Litovsic 57 Grodno (Railway centre.) CHERsoN*or Kherson 92 Cherson Rope making, woollens. Cronstadt 60 Petrograd (Naval arsenal.) Cannon foun- dry, shipbuilding. Czenstochowa 56 Piotrkow Cottons, paper. DviNSK 111 Vitebsk Tanneries, breweries. Ekaterinodar 107 Caucasus Cereals. HELSINfiFORS 154 NyUnd Coal, sugar, clothing, machinery. Ivanovo 168 Vladimir Cotton manufacture. Kasan* 188 Kasan Leather goods, soap, cotton goods. Kharkof* 248 Kharkof Cattle, grain, leather, beet sugar. Kief* S06 Kief Beet sugar. KiSHENEF* 129 Bessarabia Cattle, corn. KoVNO* 88 Kovno Nails, wire-works, timber, metal goods. Kremenchuc 99 Poltava Timber, salt, tallow. Kursk* 73 Kursk Agriculture, Libau 67 Courland Iron works, breweries, tobacco, ex- plosives. Lodz 416 Piotrkow Cottons, woollens, silks. Lublin* 66 Lublin Thread, linens, woollens. Minsk* 106 Minsk Agriculture, timber. Moscow* 1,617 Moscow Cottons, chemicals. Nikolayevskaya 31 Astrakhan Corn, salt. Nizhni Novgorod 109 Nizhni Novgorod Flour-mills, distilleries, machine works. N0VOCHEKKA8K* S3 Don Cossacks Corn, wines, timber. Odessa 620 Bessarabia Sugar refineries, paper. Orel* 91 Orel Rope making, f^our, spinning. Orenburg* 94 Orenburg Hides, skins, tallow. Petrograd* 2,018 Petrograd Glass, tanneries, cottons, carpets. PiNSK* 98 Pensa Paper, fishing, agriculture. Poltava* 84 Poltava Flour, tobacco. Riga* 370 Livonia Timber, flax, hides, leather. Reval* 99 Esthonia Grain, timber, flax, hides. Rostof 14 Don Cossacks Agricultural machinery, flour, tim- ber. Fishing. Salyany 121 Transcaucasia Samara* 146 Samara Hides, soap, tanneries, breweries. Saratof* 217 Saratof Pottery, woollens, cottons, silks. Sevastopol 78 Taurida (Naval station.) Taganrog 68 Ekaterinoslaf Corn, wool, butter. TiFLIS 328 Transcaucasia Cotton, silk, soap, leather, silver, iron, manganese, rock-salt, brick. TSARITSYN lOI Saratof Fisheries, petroleum. Tula* 137 Tula Rifles, samovars. Tver* 63 Tver Cottons, glass, tanneries. ViLNA* 193 Vilna Timber, grain. Vitebsk* 104 Vitebsk Flax, corn, hemp. Vladikavk«6 79 Caucasus Distilleries. Voronezh* 79 Voronezh Linens, woollens, tallow, corn, flax. Iron, steel, plated silver, sugar. Warsaw* 872 Poland Yaroslaf* 112 Yaroslaf Cottons, flour, linens. Zhitomir* 93 Volhynia Timber, wooden wares, agricultural produce. *Capital of province. Capital. — Petrograd, on the Neva. Population 2,018,596. The name St. Petersburg was changed by Imperial Order, Sept. I, 1914. Chief Ports. — Petrograd, the naval depot and fortress Cronstadt, Narva, Riga, Libau, Pernau and Windau (Baltic); Reval, Helsingfors, and Viborg (Gulf of Finland); Archangel, and the new ice-free port of Alex- androvsk on Catherine Harbour (Arctic and White Seas); Odessa, Nikolaief, Sevastopol, Novorossisk, Berdiansk, and Batum, Taganrog, Mariupol, Rostof, and Kertch (Black Sea and Sea of Azof); Astrakhan, Derbent, and Baku (Caspian Sea). The greatest amount of trade is done by Odessa, the great grain port. Petrograd ranks next, judged by the volume of trade; but the Neva is blocked with ice for about five months in the year. Riga ranks third. Archangel is closed for more than half the year. Commerce. — ^The sea-borne commerce suffers to some extent from the fact that the coasts are open to the Arctic waters and to inland seas, while even the ports on these inland seas are more or less blocked by ice during a severe winter. Commerce is mainly carried on with Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Taking into account the size of the population and of the country, the amount of foreign trade is relatively small, and is far less per head than in any other European country. IVitk the United States. — -Russia sends to the United States hides and skins, manufactured wool, chemicals, dyes, etc., and receives in return agricultural implements, iron and steel and manufactures, leather and manufactures, fibres, cotton and manufactures, copper and manufactures, cars, carriages, etc. Chief Imports. — Cotton, tea, and other colonial produce, iron and machinery, wool, wine, fruits, and vegetables. Chief Exports. — -Wheat and other cereals, raw and dressed flax, lin- seed, timber, hides and skins, hemp, tallow, wool, spirits, tow, and bristles. Communications. — ^There are about 28,000 miles of railways in European Russia and 47,000 miles in the whole of Russia, of which about 40,000 miles belong to the State. These figures do not include Finland (2,263 miles) or the Eastern China Railway (1,078 miles). In European Russia, exclu- sive of Finland, there are 77,721 miles of navigable rivers, canals, and lakes. In winter the inland waterways become highways for sledges. Government. — March 15, 1917, ranks with the great dates of history; for on that day autocracy was overthrown in Russia and democracy came into its own. Up to that time the Czar was the supreme ruler and legis- lator, and the only source of power in the body politic. The Republic of Russia was formally recognized by Great Britain, France, Italy, and the United States on March 22, 1917. The Caucasus. — ^The Caucasus, or Caucasia, is bounded by the Black Sea, Russia in Europe, the Caspian Sea, Persia, and Turkey. Its area is 95,406 square miles; population 6,818,000. The climate is varied. The mean annual temperature at Baku is 59°F.; at Tiflis 55.4°F. The rainfall at Tiflis is 17.5 inches, and on the Black Sea shores even 58 inches. The country is thus very fertile, and agriculture is most prosperous. All kinds of grain, fruit, vines, cotton, saffron, and madder are produced. Cattle and sheep farming, horse-breeding, besides bees and silk-worms, form important industries. The minerals are considerable. Silver, iron, coal, copper, salt, sulphur, quicksilver, manganese, etc., abound. More important still is the produc- t In o( petroleum, especially around Baku. The oil is piped to Batum on (he Black Sea (over 500 miles) for export. Chief exports: Petroleum, silk, flax, madder, wax, cattle, isinglass, caviare, leeches, boxwood. Chief imports: Cotton and silk fabrics, carpets, linen, colonial produce, metal goods, tobacco, dyes. Capital, Tiflis, population 327,800. Finland. — ^The Grand Duchy of Finland on the Gulfs of Finland and Bothnia was conquered by Russia from Sweden, and finally annexed in 1808. The area is 144,254 square miles, with a population of about 3,ocx3,ooo of whom about 2,600,000 are Finns, 400,000 Swedes, 19,000 Russians, 3,000 Germans, and 2,000 Lapps leading a nomadic life in the north. Nearly all the inhabitants are Lutherans. There is a university at Helsingfors, with 2,512 students, of whom 518 are women. The leading crops are rye, barley, oats, potatoes. Saw mills and paper manufactures provide the chief indus- try, and the forests are a great source of wealth, immense quantities of timber being prepared for export; dairy produce is also exported. There are 2,582 miles of railroad and a merchant fleet of 3,120 vessels (mostly small), of which 400 are steamers. The country was formerly governed by the Imperial Finnish Senate, of 22 members, with a Diet of 4 estates elected by the people. This form of government gave way on Jan. i, 1907, to a new Constitution involving a single Chamber elected by universal suflTrage of both sexes. Women are likewise eligible for election to the Chamber. Finland is thus the first country to concede woman suffrage and representation, and it is noteworthy that it has been gained without agitation. The Finnish troops only exist in name, the Diet having voted $2,000,000 per annum to the Russian treas- ury in lieu of furnishing Finnish recruits to the army or navy. Poland. — Russian Poland consists of ten provinces, with a total area of 49,159 square miles, and a population of about 13,000,000 of which about 14 J per cent are Jews. The country had a separate constitution from 18 15 to 1830, and a separate government from 1830 to 1864; but in the latter year it was deprived of its administrative independence, and in 1868 it was incorporated as an integral part of Russia, trial by jury was abolished, and the official use of the Polish language was prohibited. The majority of the inhabitants are Roman Catholics. About 76 per cent, of the population live in the rural districts, and the peasants own about 49 per cent, of the land; but of the total rural population of 7,000,000 about 3,000,000 own no land, and are dependent on hiring themselves out as labourers. Russian Poland is one of the largest pig-producing countries in Europe. For Russia in Asia, see p. 314. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY (See Map, p. 43) The position of Austria as the leading state of the Holy Roman Empire has been recorded in the introduction to Germany (see p. 267). Hungary was founded in the ninth century by Ural-Altaic invaders, and became a Christian country under St. Stephen (997-1038). Bohemia, a Slav state, was founded about the same time, and like Poland received Christianity from the Roman Church, not like Russia from the Greek Church. Both these kingdoms entered at first only into a personal union with Austria; their historic individuality was recognized in principle till 1804, and has constantly been asserted by the various na- tionalist parties. The war with Prussia in 1866 had three effects: (i) Austria ceased to be part of Germany; (2) she had to cede 276 GEOGRAPHICAL MANUAL AND NEW ATLAS Venetia to Italy; (3) she was forced to yield to the Hun- garian demand for autonomy, and the Hapsburg mon- archy became a Dual Monarchy, Francis Joseph being crowned King of Hungary on June 8, 1867. The growth of the Austrian empire has been largely the result of successful marriages. The consolidation of the Hapsburg monarchy as the chief power in central and south- eastern Europe was checked by two ambitions: (i) The endeavour to maintain its traditional position as the pre- dominant German state; (2) the determination to preserve the share of the Spanish empire received in 1713-1715, as a result of the War of the Spanish Succession. This consisted of the southern Netherlands and territory in Italy. Austria's position in Germany was threatened by the rise of Prussia, and weakened by Frederick the Great's seizure of Silesia (1740). The Netherlands she was never able to administer as an integral part of her dominions. Austria-Hungary is racially the most diversified of Euro- pean states. The chief problems of its administration arise from the fact that its boundaries include members of eleven different nations, six of whom have kinsmen outside the monarchy (see Racial Map of Europe, p. 22). The follow- ing table shows the distribution of the different ethnical elements in the Dual Monarchy: Germans ,. Czechs I ./ . Slovaks f /. . Poles ruthenes Magyars (including 900,000 Jews) Croats \ Serbs \ Slovenes Roumanians Italians Others 9,950,266 6,435,983 4,967,984 3,518,854 783,334 1,252,940 275.422 768,422 2.037,43s I>967,970 472,587 10,050,575 J 1,833,162 I 1 1,106,471 f 2,949,032 27,307 374.105 1,875,000 The Passing Show in Vienna. — There is no better place than the Ring [Ring Strasse, a fashionable street in Vienna] in which to study the many and various types of the mon- archy. Take your seat at the window of one of the cafes and look. The spectacle is quite unique. To begin with, the crowd is as variegated as at a fair ground, and nowhere else does one find such handsome samples of the human race; in no other spot do the women impress you as they do here. A party of young girls advances; the purity and grace of their out- lines would arouse the envy of a Greek statue; their cheeks have the delicate tints of a tea-rose; in their eyes are the deep shadows of the Orient; the arched feet and light step indicate Hungarian blood. Their dress displays a natural elegance of taste, while in their manner of walking there is something of the feline, swaying grace of the Parisienne. The Slav women of Bohemia and Poland also possess that powerful charm — racial individuality; they are large and strong of limb, with big, soft, black eyes, and skin like marble — a con- trast at once poetical and unusual. They make one think of the swans of the North, or the White Nixies of the Nether- landish legends. Their features are finely chiseled and in- telligent, and underneath this icy mask there burns a fiery spirit. In this cosmopolitan assemblage one comes across Italians prattling in their melodious language, like swallows in a northern clime announcing the return of spring; and then there is the pretty Viennese herself, with her taking manners, her little nose tilted into the air, and her arch glances. The Viennese women preserve their brilliant colouring even when they get old, and belong to that type of beauty — a trifle too robust, perhaps — which has been rendered classic by some of the Italian masters. Those women, decked out like the show windows of a jeweller's shop, with a slight down on the upper lip, little curls on the temples, earrings, in the form of hoops, or little coffers or bells, are Jewesses, bankers' wives and millionaires — weather-beaten vessels which have navigated every sea, and long since doubled Cape Tempest. But how hand- some their daughters are! and how expressive that Jewish cast of countenance and the great, full eyes can be! The Viennese men are large and strongly built, though one does not meet on the Ring those giants who are to be seen beneath the lindens of Berlin. The Viennese type of face is intelligent, frank, and full of sprightly good humour. The Austrian race is an exuberant one. There is no country whose people have better blood in their veins. But . were it to be analyzed, a very small proportion of it would prove to be German.' Primitive Customs.— In Prague, the capital of Bohemia, I came in contact for the first time with the advance guard of a new race, the Slavs, writes Booker T. Washington, I say a new race, because although the Slavic peoples claim an anti- quity as great as that of any other race in Europe, the masses of the race seem just now emerging from a condition of life more primitive than that of almost any other people in Europe. Many little things, not only what I saw with my own eyes, but what I heard from others, gave me the impression as I travelled southward, that I was entering into a country where the masses of the people lived a simpler and more primitive existence than any I had seen elsewhere in Europe. I remember, for one thing, that I was one day startled to see, in the neighbourhood of the mining regions of Bohemia, a half-dozen women engaged in loading a coal barge — shovel- ling the coal into wheelbarrows and wheeling them along a narrow plank from the coal wharf to the ship alongside. I was impressed, again, by the fact that several of the peoples of the Austrian Empire — the Moravians and Ruthe- nians are an illustration — still preserve their old tribal names. Certain other of these peoples still keep not only the tribal names, but many of the old tribal customs. Among most of the Slavic peoples, for example, custom still gives to the marriage ceremony the character of barter and sale. In fact, I found that in one of the large provincial towns in eastern Hungary the old "matrimonial fairs" are still kept up. On a certain day in each year hundreds of marriage- able young women are brought down to this fair by their parents, where they may be seen seated on their trunks and surrounded by the cattle they expect to have for a dowry. Naturally young men come from all the surrounding country to attend this fair, and usually a lawyer sits out under a tree nearby prepared to draw up the marriage contract. In some cases as many as forty marriages are arranged in this way in a single day.^ Agriculture in Hungary. — The staple industry of Hun- gary is agriculture. The ambition of the people is com- mercial, but the strength and wealth of the country lie in the land. Hungary is handicapped, however, by one grave defect, or perhaps it is better to say one urgent need — business capacity. The handling of things earthly, the participating in such mundane affairs as sale and barter, was, and is even to-day, alas! too far from the mind of the Hungarian youth when he is determining upon a vocation. Hungary is con- sequently full of men with a doctor's degree, who seek the more gilded avenues provided by the ministeriums, with its less lucrative livelihood. Therefore, where the need is less the market is glutted with labour, whilst in the larger fields of enterprise men of education and position are really needed. This habit of mind gave the Jews their great opportunity, and what of trade or commerce exists to-day in Hungary is practically a result of their patience and per- severance.' iMaria H. Lansdale, "Vienna and the Viennese" (1902). ^Booker T. Washington, "The Man Fatthest Down" (1913). 'W. B. F. Bovill, "Hungary and the Hungarians" Copper City, (CI).. 160 Copper Falls Mine, (Tci) 150 Copper Harbor, (Dl) 100 Coral, (F9) 500 Cornell, (D4) 100 Corunna. (GIO) 1,384 Covert, (Ell) 360 Cross Village, (F4).. 500 Croswell, (J9) 1,380 Croton, (F9) 55 Crump. (G8) 350 Crystal. (G9) 300 Crystal Falls, (C3). 3,775 Crystal Valley, (E8) 100 Culver, (F6) 200 Custer, (E8) 277 Dafoe, (HS) 100 Daggett, (DS) 228 Dailey, (E12) ISO Dale, (G8) 100 Dalton. (E9) 100 Dansville. (GIO) 349 Davis. (JIO) 200 Davisburg. (HIO)... 300 Davison. (H9) 673 Dayton, (E12) 100 Dearborn. (HU).... 911 Decatur, (Ell) 1,286 Decker, (H9) 100 Deckerville, (J 8).... 628 Deerfield. (HI2) 443 Defiance, (D3)...... 200 Deford, (H8) 200 Delaware Mine, (CI) 200 Delhi Mills, (Hll). . 200 Dell, (G3) 100 Delray, (HU) 7,500 Delta, (GIO) 280 Delton, (FU) 300 Demmon, (CI) 200 Denton, (HU) 140 Derby, (Ell) 100 Detour, (H4) 721 Detroit, (JU)... .465,766 Devils I.ake,(Gll).. 100 Dfward, (G6) 300 Dewings, (F7) 100 De Wilt. (GIO) 450 Dexter, (HU) 726 Diamond Springs, (FIO) 100 Dice,(G9) 300 Dick (G3) 200 Dighton, (F7) 400 Dimondale, (GIO)... 341 Diorite, (D2J 400 Disco, (TlO) 100 Dollar Bay, (CI).. 2,000 DoUarville, (F3) 400 Dolph, (G7) 100 Dorr, (FIO) 350 Doster, (Fll) 150 Douglas, (ElO) 485 Dowagiac, (EI2) .. .5,088 Dowling, (FU) 140 Downington, (J8).... 140 Drayton Plains, (HIO) 320 Drenthe, (FIO) 600 Drum.mond, (H3) . . 300 Drydcu, (HIO) 371 Dundee. (HI2) 1,070 Dunningville, (FIO). 100 Du Plain, (G9) 140 Durand, (HIO) 2,31S Dutton, (FIO) 130 Eagle, (GIO) 133 Eagle Harbor, (CI).. 250 Eagle River. (CI)... 180 Eames, (HIO) 100 East Grand Rapids, (FIO) 800 E.Jordan. (F5).... 2, 516 E.Lake,(E7) 3.200 E.Lansing. (GIO)... 802 E. Lcroy, (Fll) 100 Eastmanville, (F9).. 150 E. Paris. (FIO) 100 Eastport. (FS) 200 E. Saugatuck, (ElO). 300 E.Taw.as. (H7). ...1,452 Eastwood, (G9) 100 Eaton Rapids. (Gll)2,094 Eau Claire, (E12). . . 307 Eckford, (GU) 120 Ecorse, (Hll) 1,063 Edenville, (G8) 180 Edgerton, (F9) 150 Edmore, (F9) 752 Edwardsburg, (F12). 500 Elk Rapids, (F6)... 1,673 Elkton, (H8) 553 Ellsworth, (F5) 380 Elmer, (J9) 110 Elm Hall, (G9) 370 Elmira, (GS) SOO Eloise, (Hll) 770 Elsie, (G9) 592 Elwell, (G9) 120 Fly, (G4) 230 Emerson, (F2) 100 Emmett, (J9) 292 Empire, (E6) 578 Engadine, (F3) 150 Erie,(H12) 3S0 Escanaba, (E4) . . 13,194 Essex, (F5) 150 Essexville, (H8). ...1,477 Estcy, (G8) 150 Eureka, (G9) 210 Evans, (F9) 100 Evart, (F8) 1,386 Ewen, (B2) 350 Fairfax, (F12) 200 Fairfield, (G 12) 350 Fairgrove, (H8) 437 Fair Haven, (JIO)... 300 Fairview, (H6) 200 Faithorn, (D4) 150 Falmouth, (F7) 180 Fargo, (J9) 300 Farmington, (HU).. 564 Farwell, (G8) 522 Fawn River. (F12)... 130 Fennville, (ElO) ... 533 Fenton, (HIO) 2,331 Fenwick, (F9) 180 Fergus, (G9) 130 Ferry,(E8) 150 Feriysburg, (E9).... 450 Fife Lake. (F6) 340 Filer City, (E7) 500 Fillmore Center, (FIO) 200 Flanders, (HS) 100 Flatrock, (Hll) 650 Fleming, (GIO) 130 Flint, (H9) 38,550 Flowercreek, (E9). . . 100 Flowcrfield, (FU) . . 100 Flushing, (H9) 938 FordCity, (Hll). ..1,689 Ford River, (D4).. . . 500 Forester, (J 9) 120 Forest Grove, (FIO). 100 Forest Hill, (G9)... 130 Foreslville,(J8) 234 Forsyth, (D3) ISO Foster City, (D4)... 300 Fosters, (H9) 150 Fostoria, (H9) 400 Fountain, (E7) 250 Fowler, (G9) 476 FowlerviUe, (GIO) . . 905 Fox,(D5) 150 Francisco, (GU) ... 130 Frankenlust, (G8)... 200 Frankenmuth, (H9). 693 Frankfort, (E6) 1,555 Franklin, (HIO) 150 Fraser, (JIO) 220 Freda, (CI) 500 Frederic, (G6) 400 Freehand, (G8) 450 Freeport, (FIO) 460 Free Soil, (E7) 2,50 Fremont, (E9) 2,009 Frey, (F7) 150 Frontier, (G12) 230 Fruitport, (E9) 330 Fulton, (Fll) 350 Gagetown, (H8) 358 Gaines, (HlOl 238 Galesburg, (FU)... 656 Galien, (E12) 405 Ganges, (ElO) 100 Garden, (E4) 497 Garnet, (F3) 250 GatesvUle, (G3) 300 Gaylurd, (GS) 1,538 Geddes, (Hll) 120 Geneva, (G12) 110 Gera, (H9) 100 Germfask, (F3) 210 Gert, (H12) 200 Gibraltar, (HU).... ISO Gilcad, (F12) 100 Gilford, (H9) 100 Gills Pier, (FS) 150 Ghard, (FU) 250 Gladstone, (E4) 4,211 Gladwin, (G8) 988 Glen Arbor, (E6)... 300 Glendale, (Fll) 180 Glendora, (E12) 100 Glenhaven, (E6) 100 Glenn, (ElO) 300 Glennie, (H6) 100 Glenwood, (El 1).... 1,200 Goblevillc, (FU)... 537 Goodells, (J9) ISO Good Harbor, (F6).. 150 Goodhart. (F4) 100 Goodrich. (HIO) 300 Goodwcll. (F8) 180 Gordonville. (G8)... 100 Gould City. (F3).. . . 150 Goweu. (F9) 160 Graafschap, (ElO).. 200 Grace, (GS) ISO Grand Blanc, (HIO). 300 Grand Haven, (E9) 5,856 Grand Junction, (EU) 180 Grand Ledge, (G10)2,893 Grand Marais, (F2) 2,500 Grand Rapids, (FIO) 112,571 Grandville, (FIO)... 680 Grant, (F9) 428 Grasslake, (GU).... 760 Grattan, (F9) 220 Grawn, (F6) 250 Grayling.(G6) 1,775 (Ircenfield, (HU)... 100 Greengardeii, (D3).. 250 Greenlake, (FIO) . . . 150 Greenland, (B2) 600 Greenville, (F9).... 4,045 Gregory,(GU) 250 Grind Stone City, (J7) 500 Groscap, (G4) 230 Grosselie, (Hin... 700 GrossePointe, (JU) 830 Grosse Pointe Farms, (JU) 862 Grosse Pointe Park, Oil) 290 Gnstin, (H6) I'JO Gwinn,(D3) 1,000 Hadley, (HIO) 330 HaB. (G3) 250 Hagen5ville,(H5)... 100 Haire(F7) 100 Hale, (H7) 100 Half»ay,(Jll) 700 Hamburg, (HU).... 250 Hamilton, (FIO).... 280 Hammond.(G.S).... 110 Hamtr.amck. (Jll).3.559 Hancock, (CI) 8,981 Hand Station, (Hll) 100 Hanover, (GU) 364 Harbor Beach, (J8) 1,556 Harbor Springs, (FS) 1,80S Hardgrove, (G6) ... 100 Hardwood, (D4) 150 Harriette, (F7) 336 H.arris, (D4) 200 Harrison, (G7) 543 Harrisville, (H6) 444 Hart, (E8) 1,555 Hartford. (EU).... 1,2 68 Hartland, (HIO).... 220 Hartwick, (F7) 150 Harvey, (D2) 100 Haslett, (GIO) 200 Hastmgs, (FIO) 4,383 Hebron, (G4) 100 Hemlock, (G9) 250 Henderson, rG9) .. . 100 Henrietta, (GU).... 200 Henry, (E6) 100 Herman, (C2) 300 Hermansville, (D4). 1,200 Hersey, (F8) 310 Hesperia, (E8) 462 Hessel, (G3) 200 Hickory Comers, (FU) 170 Highland, (HIO).... 350 Highland Park, (HU) 4,120 Hilliards, (FIO) 100 Hillman, (HS) 411 Hillsdale, (GI2).... 5,001 Hilltop, (EU) 225 Hinchman, (E12)... 100 Hitchcock, (FS) ... 150 Holland, (FIO). ...10,490 Hollowav, (H12).. .. 100 Holly, (HIO) 1,537 Holt, (GIO) 350 Holton, (E9) 300 Homer, (GuV. 1,008 Homestead, (E6)... 100 Honor, (E6) 500 Hooper, (FIO) 100 Hopkins, (FIO) 400 Horton,(Gll) 380 Houghton, (CI).... 5,113 Houghton Lake, (G7) 130 Howard City,(F9). 1,046 Howell. (HIO) 2,338 Howlett,(Hll) 100 Hubbard Lake, (116) 200 Hubbardston, (G9) . 450 Hubbell, (CI) 1,059 Hudson, (G12) 2,178 Hudsonville, (FIO). 300 Humboldt, (D2) 270 Hungerford. (F8)... 120 Hunters Creek, (HIO) 120 lda,(HI2) 230 Imlay City, (H9).,. 1,174 Indian Riv;r,(G5).. 350 Ingalls, (D;) 530 Inkstcr, (Hll) 240 Inland, (F6) 100 Interlochen, (F6). . . 500 Ionia, (FIO) 5,030 Iosco,(GIO) 120 Iron Mountain, (C4) 9,216 Iron River, (C3).... 2,450 Ironton, (FS) 150 Ironwood, (A3). ..12,821 Irving, (FIO) 100 Isabella, (E4) 200 Ishpeming,(D2)... 12,448 Ithaca, (G9) 1,376 Iva,(G9) 150 Jackson, (GU).... 31,433 JacobsvUle, (C2). ... 800 Jamestown, (FIO).. 300 Jasper, ((;i2) 300 Jeddo, (J9) 130 Jcnison, (FIO) 300 Jennings, (F7) 1,200 Jerome, (GU) 190 Johannesburg, (G6) . 700 Jones (F12) 2lX) Jonesville, (G12)...l,396 Joyfield, (E6) 100 Judds Comers, (H9) 180 iCalamazoo, (FU) 39,437 Kalamo, (Hll) 140 Kaleva, (F7) 150 Kalkaska, (F6) 1,415 Kawkawlin, (G8). . . 250 Kearsarge, (CI) 800 Keeler, (EU) 190 Kendall, (Fll) 200 Kent City, (F9) 467 Kenton, (C3) 500 Kewadin, (F6) 150 Keystone, (F6) 100 Killmaster,(H6).... lOO Kinde. (J8) 360 Kindprhook,(F12).. 200 Kingsley, (F6) 497 Kingston, (H9) 302 Kipling, (E4) 400 Koss, (DS) 150 Kreetan, (H4) 200 Labarge, (FIO) 100 Lacota, (Ell) 100 Laingsburg, (GIO).. . 703 Lake,(F8) 200 Lake Ann, (F6) 171 Uke City, (F7).... 740 Lake Linden, (CI). 2,325 Lake Odess.a,(F10) 1,222 Lakeview, (F9) 954 Lakewood, (G4) 20O Umb, (JIO) 200 Lambertville, (H12). 200 Lamont, (F9) 400 Langston, (F9) ISO I.'Anse, (C2) 708 LANSING, (GIO) 31,229 Lapeer, (H9) 3,946 Uporte, (G9) 130 Laramie, (G3) 570 LaRocque,(G5).... 200 LaSalle,(Hl2) 100 Lathrop, (D3) 150 I.aurium, (CI) 8,537 Lawrence, (Ell) 663 Lawlon,(Fll) 1,042 Layton Comers, (G9) . 100 Leaton, (G8) lUO Leetsville, (F6) 100 Legrand, (GS) .... 250 I.eland, (F5) 400 Lennon, (H j) lOfl Unox,(jr, 350 Leonard 110) 313 l«oni, (G 1) 150 Leonidas,(FU) 300 Leroy,(F7) 331 Leslie, (Gin 1,032 Levering, ((54) 352 358 Lewiston, (G6) 550 l«.xington, (jv) 519 Liberty, (GU) 200 Lincoln, (H6) 122 Linden, (HIO) 550 Linkvillc, (H8) 100 Linwood, (G8) 200 Lisbon, (K9) 96 LitchBeW, (GU).... 660 Locke, (GIO) 190 Long Rapids, (H5).. 200 Looniis, (G8) 300 Mretto, (D4) 600 Loll. (H6) 300 Lovells, (G6) 100 Lowell, (I' 10) 1,761 Lucas, {F7) 250 Ludington, (E8). ...9,132 Lum, (H9) 250 Lupton, (G7) 180 Luther, (F7) 626 Lyons, (GIG) 611 McBam, (F7> 546 Mcliridcs, (F9) 236 McMillan, (K3) 200 Mackinac Island, (G4) 714 Mackin; w, (G4).... 697 Macorab. (JIG) 200 Macon, (HID 240 Madison, (HIO) 13G Maltby,(G7) 100 Mancelona, (F6) . . . 1,200 Manchester, (HU). 1,047 Mandan, (Dl) 100 Manistee. (E7)... 12,381 Manistique (E4)...4,72i Manton, (F7) 1,069 Maple City, (F6)... 200 Maplegrove. (FIO) . . 100 Maple Rapids, (G9) . 529 Mapleridge, (H7)... 150 Marcellus. (FID... 1,047 Marengo, (GU) 100 Marenisco, (B3) 250 Marine City, QIO). 3,770 Marion, (F7) 767 Markey, (G7) 100 Marlboro, (F8) 57 Marlettc, (J9) 1,062 Marquette, (D2).. 11,503 Marshall, (GU) ...4,236 Martin, (FIO) 450 Marysville, (JIO)... 270 Mason, (GIO) 1,742 Masonville, (E4). . . 100 Mass, (B2) 1,000 Matherton, (G9)... 300 Mattawan, (Fl 1). . . 300 Maxton, (113) 200 Maybee, (HU) 310 Mayfield, (F6) 160 Mayville, (H9) 687 Meade, (JIG) 100 Mears, (E8) 450 Meauwataka, (F7) , 110 Mecosta, (F8) 352 Medina, (G12) 130 Melvin,(J9) 242 Memphis, (JIO) 557 Mendon, (F12) 768 Menominee, (D5) 10,507 Mentha, (FU) 150 Meridian, (GIG) 200 Merrill, (G9) 505 Mesick, (F7) 510 Melamora, (HIG)... 276 (MICHIGAN— MINNESOTA) INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES Metropolitan, (D3).. 50G Mclz, (H5) 150 Michigammc, (C2).. 970 Middlcton, (GO) 450 Middlcville, (MO).. 804 Midland, (G8) 2,527 Mikado, (H6) 100 Milan, (HU) 1,355 Milford, (HIO) 973 Millbrook, (F8) 400 Millburg, (Ell) 100 Millersburg, (G5). . . 519 Millett, (GIO) 200 Millington, (n9) 623 Miaard, (GU) 100 Minden City, (J8). . 332 Minerlake, (FIO)... 120 Mio, (G6) 200 Moddersvillc, (G7).. 200 Mohawk, (CI) 1,000 Moline, (FIO) 180 Monroe, (U 12) 6,893 Monroe Center,(F6) 100 Montague, (i:9) 942 Monterey, (FIO). . . 200 Montgomery, (G12) 362 Montrose, (H9) 443 Moorcstown, (G7).. 100 Morenci, (G12) 1,515 Morlev, (F9) 337 No. Adams, (G 12).. 440 No. Bradley, (G8).. 100 No. liranih, (119)... 717 No. Detroit, (HU).. 250 No. Manitou Island, (FS) 100 No. Morenci, (G12). 100 No. Muskegon, (E9) 352 Norlliport, (F5) 524 Nonhstar, (G9) 300 Northville,(Hll).. 1,665 Norven,(GU) 150 Norway. (D4) 4,974 Norwood, (K5) 170 Nottawa, (F12) 300 Novi,(Hll) 300 Nunica, (E9) 400 Oak, (HU) 150 Oakgrovc, (HIO). Oakhill, (E7) Oakland, (FIO)... Oakley, (G9). Oakwood,nilO).... Oakwood. (HU). Oden, (G5) 150 Ogden Center, (H 12) 100 Ogontz, (E4) 200 Oiibway, (CI) 240 Okemos, (GIO) 190 Old Mission, (F6)... 200 Morrice, (GIO) 470 Olivet. (GU) 627 Moscow,(Gll) 200 Omena,(F5) 100 Mosherville, ((;il). 500 Mottville, (F12) 200 Mount Clemens, (JIO) 7,707 Mount Morris, (H9) 513 Mount Pleasant, (G8) 3,972 Muir,(G9) 463 Mulliken, (GIO) 312 Munger, (H8) 200 Munising, (E3). ...2,952 Munith,(GU) 200 Muskegon, (E9>... 24,062 Muskegon Heights, (E9) 1,690 Nadeau, ,'D4) 1,000 Nahma, (E4) 700 Nankin, (IIU) 100 Napoleon, (GU)... 370 Nashville, (FIO). ..1,346 National Mine, (D3) 700 Naubinway, (F3). .. 250 Navarre, (HU) 400 Nazareth, (FU) 160 Negaunee, (D3) 8,460 NessenCity, (F6).. 150 Newaygo. (F9) 1,207 New Baltimore, (JIO) 92G Newberry, (F3) 1,182 New Boston, (HU). 220 New Buffalo, (E12). 528 New Era, (E8) 230 New Haven, (JIO).. 478 New Holland, (ElO) 100 New Hudson, (IIU). 150 NewLothrop, (G9).. 310 Newport, (H 12) 450 New Richmond, (ElO) 100 NcwTroy, (E12)... 400 Niles,(EI2) 5,156 Nirvana, (F8) 120 Omcr, (H7) 367 Omo, (JIG) 150 Onaway, (G5) 2,702 Onekama, (E7) 324 Onondaga, (GU^... 400 Onota, (i;3) 140 Ousted, (GU) 398 Ontonagon, (B2).. .. 1,964 Orion, (HIO) 717 Orleans, (F9) 150 Orono, (F8) 100 Ortonville, (HIO)... 377 Osceola, (CI) 1,400 Oscoda, (H7) 864 Oshtemo, (FU) 100 Osseo, (G12) 390 Ossincke, (H6) 100 Otisco, (F9) 200 OtisviUe, (H9) 312 Otsego, (FU) 2,812 Otsego Lake, (G6).. 100 Ottawa Like, (1 1 12). 210 OttetLake, (H9).... 273 Overisel, (FIO) 200 Ovid, (G9) 1,078 Owendale, (HS) 2S5 Owosso, (G9) 9,639 Oxford, (HIO) 1,191 Paavola,(Cl) 350 Paines, (G9) 210 Paine5dale,(C2).... 1,250 Palmer, (D3) 880 Palms, (J8) 300 Palmyra, (1112) 230 Palo, (G9) 330 Paris, (F8) 350 Parkington. (E3) .. . 100 Parklake, (F7) 250 Parkvillc, (FU) 160 Parma, (GU) 509 Parshallville, (HIO). 400 r.irtello, (Gil) 140 Paw Paw, (FU).... 1,643 Pave, (JU) 300 Payment, (G2) 100 Pearlbeach, JIO).. . 20G Pearline. (FIO) 150 Peck, (J9) 2/4 Pellston, (G4) 1,089 Penn, (F12) 120 Pentoga, (C4) 300 Pentwater, (E8). ... 1,129 Peiu-iming, (C2)... 350 Perkins, (U3) 400 Perrinton, (G9) 288 Perronville, (D4)... 200 Perry, (GIO) 720 Peters, (JIO) 100 Petersburg, (H 12)... 490 Petoskey, (G5) 4,778 Pcwamo, (G9) 289 Phelps, (F5) 150 Pickford, (G3) 400 Picrport, (E7) 160 Pierson, (K9) 133 Pigeon, (H8) 687 Pikes Peak, (HU).. 210 Pincknev, (HU) 477 Pinconning. (H8) . . . 677 Pinecreek, (FU) 100 Pine Grove Mills, (FU) 170 Pine River. (H8)... 200 Pinerun, (H9) 200 Pinnebog, (H8) 200 Pipestone, (Ell).... lOO Piltsford, (G12) 450 Plainlield, (GIO).... 210 PlainwcU .(FU)... 1,493 Ple.asant Valley, (G8) 100 PIvmouth, (HU).. 1,671 Point Mills, (CI)... 200 Pokagon, (EI2) 300 Pomona, (F7) 2U0 Pompeii, (G9) 300 Pontiac, (HIO) ...14,532 Portage, (FU) 160 Port Austin, (H7) .. 533 Port Hope, (J8) 344 Port Huron, (J9).. 18,863 Portland, (GIO) 1,832 PortSanilac,(J9)... 216 Posen, (H5) 263 Potterville, (GIG)... 430 Powers, (D4) 520 Prairicville, (FIO/ . . 250 Prattville. (G12).... 300 Prescott,(H7) 600 Princeton, (D3) 250 Prosper, (G7) 200 Provemont, (F5) ... 250 Pulaski, (GU) 250 Pullman, (Ell) 100 Quimby, (FIO) 100 Quincy,(G12) 1,347 Qumnesec, (C4) .... 1,000 Raber, (G3) 100 Raisinville, (H12)... 120 Ramsay, (B3) 150 Ransom, (G12) 200 Rapid Citv,(F6)... 400 Reese, (n9) 46S Remus, (F8) 450 Republic, (C3) 2,400 Rexton, (F3) 300 Richlield, (H9) 120 Richland, (FU) 278 Richmond, (JIO). . .1.277 Richmondville, (j8). 200 Richville, (H9) 250 Ridgewav, (HU)... 300 Riga, (HI2) 250 RiggsviUe, (G4) 200 Riley, (GIG) 100 Riley Center, (JIO).. 200 Riverdale, (G9) 400 Rivcrrouge, (HI1)..4,I63 Riverside, (Ell) ISO Rives Junction, (GU) 200 Robinson, (F9) 150 Rochester, (HIO)... 1,516 Rock, (D3) 150 Rockford, (F9) 843 Rockland, (B2) 1,000 Rockwood, (HU)... 500 Rodney, (F8) 220 Rogers, (H5) 705 Romeo, (HIO) 1,787 Romuhis, (HU) 150 Roscommon, (G6) . . 425 Rosebush, (G8) 200 Rose City, (G7) 542 Roseville, (JU) 500 Rothbury, (E8) 200 Roxana,(G10) ISO RoyalOak.vH 11). .1,071 Royalton, (EU) 100 Ruby,(I9) 120 Rudyard, (G3) 100 Rumely, (D3) 200 Ruth,(J8) ISO Saganing, (H8) 300 Saginaw, (G9) 50,510 Sagola, (C3) 360 St. Charles. (G9).... 1,451 St. Clair, (JlO) 2,633 - - - -la St. Clair Flats, (JU) 130 St. Clair Heights, (JU) 1,252 St. Helen, (G7) 130 St. Ignace, (G4) . ..2,118 St. Jacques, (E4)... 300 St. James, (F4) 500 St. Johns, (G9) 3,154 St. Joseph. (EU)... 5,936 St. Louis, (G9) 1,940 Salem, (HU) 160 Saline, (IIU) 816 iJling, (G6) 150 Samaria, (H12) 100 Sand Lake, (F9) 370 Sands, (D3) 270 Sanduskv, (J9) 993 Sanford. (G8) 120 Sanilac Center, (J9)...,......... 610 Rapid River, (E4).. 660 Sans Souci, (JIO) . .. 100 Ravenna, (F9). ... . 500 Santiago, (H7) 100 Scotts, (FU) 350 Scottville, (E8) 891 Sears, (F8) 200 Sebewa, (GIO) 300 Sebewaing, (H8).. .. 1,347 Seney, (E3) ISO Shabbona, (J8) 100 Shaftsburg, (GIG)... 300 Shelby, (E8) 1,260 Shelbyville, (FIO)... 100 Shclldrake, (F2) 100 Shepard.sville, (GIO). ISO Shepherd, (G8) 835 Sheridan, ^F9) 436 Sherman, (F7) 260 Sherman City, (G8). 250 Sherwood, (F121 346 Shingleton, (E3) 100 Sibley, (IIU) 550 Sidnaw, (C3) 130 Sidney, (F9) 100 Sigsbee, (G6) 100 Silverwood. (H9).... 200 Simmons, (F3) 250 Sixlakes, (F9) 280 Skanee, (C2) 270 Slocum, (F9) 600 Smiths Creek,(JIO).. 100 Smyrna, (F9) 240 Sodus, (EU) 120 100 Ray Center, (JlO)... 110 Reading, (G12) 1,102 Ready, (H9) 550 Redford, (HU) 328 Red Jacket, (CI).. .4,211 Redridge, (CI) 400 Saranac, (FIO) 845 Saugatuck, (EIO). .. 621 Sautt Sainte Marie, (G3) 12,615 Sawver, (EI2) 300 Schaffer, (D4) 200 Reed City, (F8) . . . 1,690 Schoolcraft. (FU).. . 816 Reemaii,(E9) 250 Scofield, (HU) 230 Somerset, (GU) Somerset Center, (Gil) 200 So. Blendon,(F10).. 100 So. Boardman, (F6). 600 Southfield, (HID... 150 So. Frankfort, (K6).. 681 So.Haven, (EU). .3,577 So.Lvon, (HU) 615 So. Manitou, (E5)... 150 So. Range, (CI). ... 1,097 So. Rockwood, (HI I) 320 Spalding, (D4) 500 Sparta, (F9) 1,203 Spencer, (F6) 200 Spring Arbor, (GU) 250 Springlake, (E9) 802 Springport, (GU)... 534 Springville, (GU)... 120 Springwells,(HII).. 1,500 Spruce, (H6) 340 Stambaugh, (C3)... 1,322 Slandish, (G8) 828 Stanton, (F9) 1,012 Stanwood, (F8) 185 Stephenson, (D5)... 527 Sterling, (G7) 160 Steuben, (E3) 100 Stevcnsville, (EU).. 243 Stittsville, (G7) 200 Stockbridge, (311).. 663 Stonington,(E4). ,. 400 Stormer, (F6) 200 Stratford, (G7) 120 Stronach, (E7) 380 Strongs, (G3) 100 Sturgeon Bay, (F4). 110 Sturgis, (F12) 3,635 Sullivan, (E9) 100 Summit City, (F6).. 100 Sumner, (G9) 300 Sumnerville, (E12).. 150 Sunficld, (GIO) 385 Sutlons Bay, (F6) . . 402 Swan Creek. (G9)... 100 Swartz Creek, (HIO) 140 TaUmau,(E8) 100 Tawas Clfv, (H7)... 1,061 Taymouth, (H9).. ..110 Tebo, (G3) 100 Tecumseh, (G12).. .2,332 Tekonsha, (FU)... 573 Temperance, (H12).. 200 Temple, (G7) 300 Thomas, (HIO) 400 Thompson, (E4)... 250 Thompsonville,(E6). 815 Thorice, (G3) 200 Thomville, (HIO)... 250 Three Oaks, (E12).. 1,175 Three Rivers, (F12) 5,072 Tipton, (GU) ISO Tompkins, ((; I D... 150 Topinabee, (G5)... . 100 Torch Lake, (F5)... 100 Tower, (G5) 545 Traverse City, (F6j 12,115 Trenary,(D3) 100 Trent, (F9) 100 Trenton, (HIO 1,224 Trimount.ain, (Cl). . 100 Trout Creek, (C2).. 600 Troutlake, (G3) 250 Trov,(HIO) 110 Trufant, (F9) 390 Turin, (D3) 150 Turner, (H 7) 500 Tuscola, (H9) 26C Tustin, (F7) 3 71 Twining, (117) 267 Twin Lake, (E9). .. . 200 Tyre,(J9) 170 Ubly, (J8) 442 Unadilla, (G U) 170 Union, (F12) 130 Union City, (FU).. 1,340 Union Pier, (E12)... 150 Unionville, (H8) 456 Upton Works, (JIO). 170 Utica, (HIO) 496 Valley Center, „(J9) 130 Van. (G4) 200 Vandalia, (FI2) 371 Vanderbilt, (G5) ... 523 Vans Harbor, (E4).. 200 Vassar, (H9) 1,659 Vergennes, (F9) 100 Vermontville, (GIO). 650 Vernon, (GIO) 435 Verona Mills. (J8).. 130 Vestaburg, (G9) 440 Vickeryville, (G9) . . 180 Vicksburg, (FU). ..1,624 Victoria, (B2) 400 Viola, (F3) 250 Vogel Center, (G7).. 150 Volinia, (FU) 100 Vriesland, (FIO) 250 Vulcan, (D4) 1,500 Wacousta, (GIO)... 200 Wahjamega, (H9)... 100 Wakefield, (B3) 714 Wakelee, (F12)... . 100 Walburg, (115) 100 Waldcnburg, (JIO).. 350 Waldron. (GI2) 435 Wales, (JIO) 130 Walkers Point. (G4). 200 Walkerville, (E8)... 371 Walled Lake, (HIO). 140 Wama,(r6) 100 Walloon Lake, (OS). 300 Walton, (F6) 250 Waltz, (HU) 2)0 Warren, (HIO) 297 Wasepi, (F12) lOQ Washington, (JIO).. 230 Waterford, (HIO)... 2S0 Waterloo, (GI I).... 110 Waters, (G6) 200 Watersmeet, (B3)... 550 Watervliet, (EU)... 728 W'atrou.svUle, (H9) 250 Watson, (FU) 100 Waucedah, (D4).... 230 Wayland, (FIO) 725 Wayne, (HU) 1,263 Weadock, (G4) UO WebberviUe, (GIO) . 349 Weidman, (F8) 500 Wells, (D4) 150 W. Bay City, (H8) Pop. inc. in Bay City W. Branch, (G7)... 1,276 Westhaven, (G9)... 170 W.Highland, (HIO). 100 W.Olive, (EIO) 100 Weston, (GI2) 260 WestphalLa, (GIO).. 366 W. Sebewa, (FIO).. 130 W.Sumpter, (Hin. 130 W.Windsor, (GIO). 250 Westwood, (F6) 130 Wetmore, (E3) 330 Wetzell, (G5) 250 Wexford, (F7) 25G Wheeler, (G9) 250 Whitecloud, (F8)... 648 Whiteford Center, (H12) 100 Whitehall, (E9)... .1,437 White Pigeon, (FI2) 667 Whiterock, (J8) 100 WhitnioreLake, (HU) 350 Whitney, (D4) 100 Whittaker, (HID... 100 Whittemore. (117).. 218 Wildwood, (GS) 130 Williams, (FU) 120 Williamsburg, (F6) . 300 WUli-amston, (GIO). 1,042 Williamsville, (FI2). 150 Willis, (HU) 110 Willow,(Hll) 100 Wilmot, (H9) 130 Wilson, (D4) 500 Winn,(G8) 250 Winona, (C2) 120 Winters, (E3) 200 Wixon, (HIO) 200 Wolverine, (G 5) 794 Woodland, (FIO)... 304 Woodmere,(HIl).. 5,100 Woodville, (F8) 250 Worden,(HU) 100 Wyandotte, (HU).. 8,237 Wvman, (G9) 200 Y.ile, (19) 1,223 Yalmar, (D3) ISO York, (HID 150 Yorkvillc, (FU).... 180 Vpsilanti, (HID... 6,230 Yuma. (F7) ISO Zeeland, (EIO) 1,982 Zilwaukee,(H8).... 920 MINNESOTA Ada, (B5) 1,432 Adams, (K12) 576 Adrian, (D12). ... 1,112 Alton, (KIO) 300 Aitkin, (H6) 1,638 Akely, (F5) 1,800 Albany, (F8) 657 Albert Lea, (JI2).. 6,192 Alberta, (D8) 100 Albertville, (H9) ... 250 Alborn, (K6) 130 Alden. (HI2) 544 Aldrich, (F7) 100 Alexandria, (E8). . .3,001 Alma City, (HU).. 130 Alpha, (FI2) 223 Altura, (Mil) 200 Alvarado, (B3).... 128 Amboy, (G12) 435 Amiret, (DID... 125 Annandale, (G9) . . . 624 Anoka, (J9) 3,972 Appleton, (D9),.. .1,221 Arago, (E5) 100 Arco, (CU) 97 Argyle, (B3) 744 Arlington, (GIG)... 733 Arnold, (L6) 100 Ashby, (D7) 334 Askov, (K7) 100 Atkinson, (K6) 320 Atwater, (F9) 500 Audubon, (C6) 300 Aurora, (L4) 1,919 Austin, (K12) 6,960 Avoca, (D12) 212 Avon, (G8) 277 Backus, (G6) 184 Badger, (C2) 395 Bagley, (E4) 801 Baker, (B6) ISO Balaton, (DU).... 364 Banning, (K7) 149 Barnesvillc, (C5).. 1,353 Barnum, (K7) 262 Barrett, (D8) 278 Barry, (B8) 105 Bath. (JI2) 100 BattleLake, (D7). . 567 Baudettc, (F2).... 897 Beardsley, (B8).... 481 Beaver, (LID 100 Beaverbay, (N5).. 170 Beaver Creek, (C12) 195 Becker, (H9) 210 Belgrade, (F9) .. . 448 BeUepIaine, (HIO) 1.204 Bellingham, (C9).. 359 Beltrami, (B4).... 149 Belview, (EIG).... 290 Bemidji, (E5) 5,099 Bena, (G5) 179 Benson, (D9) 1,677 Benton, (HIO) 42 Berg, (JU) 100 Bern, (KU) 100 Bertha, (E7) 296 Bethel, (J9) 221 Bigelow, (D12) 195 Big Falls, (H3).... 325 Bigfork, (H4) 167 Big Lake, (H9).... 229 BinghamLake, (FI2)285 Bird Island, (FIO) 931 Biscay, (GIG) 175 Biwabik, (L4) 1,690 Blackduck, (G4)... 942 Blakeley, (HIO),.. 230 Blooming Prairie, 012) 854 Blue Earth, (H12) 2,319 Bluffton, (E7) 148 Borup, (CS) 250 Bovey, (J5) 1,377 Bowlus, (G8) 164 Boyd, (DIO) 431 Braham, QS) 406 Brainerd, (G7). .. .8,526 Brandon, (D8).... 276 Breckenridge, (C7) 1,840 Brewster, (D12)... 311 Bricelyn, (H12)... 352 Brickton, (H8).... 160 Bronson, (B2) 101 Brookpark. (K8).. 350 Brooks, (C4) 350 Brookston, (K6) . . . 160 Brooten, (E9) 552 Browerville, (F7).. 633 Brownsdale, (KI2) 264 Brownsville, (N12). 361 Brewnton, (GIG).. 509 Brown Valley, (B8) 1,058 Bruno, (K7); 229 Buckman, (G8) .... 137 Buffalo, (H9) 1,227 Buffalo Lake, (FIO) 371 Buhl, (K4) 1,005 Burtrum, (F8).... 217 Butterfield, (F12).. 377 Byron, (KU) 272 Caledonia, (N12).. 1,372 Callaway, (D5). .. . 276 Calumet, (J5) 245 Cambridge, 08)... 900 Campl>ell, (C7).... 303 Canhy. (CIO) 1,528 Cannon Falls, (KIG) 1,385 Canton, (MI2) 345 Carlos. (E8) 167 Carlton, (K6) 597 Carver, (HIO) 571 Cass Lake, (F5)... 2,011 CenterCity, (K9).. 252 Centerville, (J9) . . . 200 Ceylon, (FI2) 330 Champlin, U9).... 270 Chandler, (D12)... 225 Chanhassen, (HIG) 154 Chaska, (HIG). .. .2,050 Chatheld, (L12)... 1,228 Chisago City, (K9) . 275 Chisholm, (K4)...7,584 Chokio, (C8) 328 Clara City, (EIO).. 587 Claremont, UU).. 275 Clarissa, (F7) 354 Clarkfield, (DIG).. 503 Clarks Grove, (JI2) 175 Clear Lake, (H9).. 253 Clear Water, (G9) 311 Clements, (FU)... 132 Cleveland. (HU).. 212 Climax, (B4) 259 Clinton, (C9) 384 Clitherall, (D7).... 187 ClonUrf, (D9).... 153 Cloquet, (K5) 7,031 Cobden, (FU).... 87 Cohasset, (H5).... 521 Cokato, (G9) 718 Cold Spring, (F9).. 594 Coleraine, (JS). ... 1,613 CoUegeville, (G8).. 100 Cologne. (HIG). ... 390 Columbia Heights, 09) 590 Comfrey,(Fll).... 238 Comstock,(B6). ... 200 Concord. (KU).... 100 Conger (H12) 200 Cook, (K4) 200 Correll, (C9) 102 Cort, (JS) 100 Costin, (K4) 231 Cottage Grove, (KIG) 1,30 Cotton, (L5) 170 Cottonwood, (DIO) 770 Courtland, (GU).. 208 Cramer, (GIO). ... 382 Cromwell, (K6) .... 143 Crookston, (C4)... 7,559 Crystal Bay, (HIO) 150 Culver, (K6) 220 Currie, (DU) 329 Cuyuna, (H7) 250 Cyrus, (D8) 272 Dakota, (N12).... ISO Dalton, (D7) 175 Danube, (EIO).... 217 Danvets, (D9) 215 Darfur, (FU) 72 Dassel, (G9) 643 Dawson, (CIO). .. .1,318 Dayton, (J9) 343 Deep Haven, (J9).. 234 Deer Creek, (E7).. 313 Deer River, (H5).. 900 Deer Wood, (H7).. 586 DegraS, (E9) 215 Delano, (H9) 1,031 Delavan, (HI2)... 284 Delhi, (EIO) 159 Dennison, (JU)... 184 Dent, (D6) 244 Detroit, (D6) 2,807 Dexter, (K12) 281 Dilworth, (B6).... 500 Dodge Center, (KU) 957 Donaldson, (B2)... 132 Donnelly, (D8) 276 Doran, (C7) 93 Dover, (L12) 233 Dovray, (DID... 150 Dresbach, (N12)... 174 DresselvUle, (HU) 100 Drumraond, (MS).. 100 Duluth, (M6).... 78,466 Dumfries, (LU)... 100 Dumont, (C8) 188 Dundas, Oil) 357 Dundee, (D12).... 175 Dunnell, (FI2) 170 Eagle Bend, (F7).. 551 Eagle Lake, (HU) 231 East Grand Forks, (B4) 2,533 Easton. (H12) 252 Echo, (EIO) 430 Eden Valley, (F9).. 740 Edgerton, (C12)... 381 Edina Mills. (JIO) 1,191 Eitzen, (N12) 250 Elba, (MID 151 Elbow Lake, (D7).. 776 Eldred, (B4) 175 Elgin, (LID 324 Elizabeth, (C7).... 169 Elk River, (H9)... 859 Elkton, (K12) 86 EUendale, 012).. 251 Ellsworth, (DI2).. 535 Ebnore, (G12) 795 Ely, (M4) 3,572 Elysian, (HU).... 345 Emmons, (H12)... 223 Erhard, (C7) 100 Erskine, (D4) 324 Euclid, (B4) 140 Eureka, 09) 100 Evan, (FU) 112 EvansviUe, (D7)... 389 Eveleith, (L5). .. .7,036 Excelsior, (HIO). . .1,015 Eyota, (L12) 423 Fairfax, (FIO) 815 Fairhaven, (G9).. . 150 Fafrmont, (F12).. .2,958 Fall Lake, (M4) ... 426 Faribault, (JU)... 9,001 Farley, (F4) 43 Farmmgton, O'O) 1,024 Farris, (FS) 143 FarweU, (D8) 141 Felton Play, (C5).. 149 Fergus Falls, (C7).. 6,887 Fertile, (C4) 614 Fmlayson, (K7)... 186 Fisher, (B4) 328 Floodwood, 06)... 481 Florence, (DU)... 120 Foley, (H8) 710 Fond du Lac, (L6) 350 Forada, (E8) 66 Forest City, (G9) . . 150 Forest Lake, (J9).. 540 Foreston, (H8)... . 204 Fort Snelling, 010) 800 Fosston, (D4) 1,075 Fountain, (L12).. . 321 Fowlds, (E4) 39 Foxhome, (C7).... 206 Franklin, (FIO)... . 439 Frazee, (D6) 1,545 Freeborn, (H12)... 250 Freeport, (F8) 450 Fridley, (J9) 200 Frontenac, (LIO).. 280 Frost, (H12) 138 Fulda, (D12) 743 Funkley, (F4)..:.. 59 Garden City. (GU) 290 Garfield, (E8) 160 Garvin, (DU) 350 Gary, (CS) 251 Gaylord, (GIO) 610 Geneva, 012) 140 Gentilly, (C4) 100 Georgetown, (BS).. 182 Ghent, (DIO) 210 Gibbon, (GIO).... 533 Gilbert, (L4) 1,700 Oilman, (H8) 120 Gladstone, 09).... 250 Glencoe, (GIO) 1,788 GlenvUle, 012).... 368 Glenwood, (E8)...2,15I Glyndon, (B6).... 295 Golden Valley, 010) 692 Gonvick, (E4) ISO Goodhue, (KID... 408 Good Thunder, (GU) 419 Gordonsville, (J12) 200 Graceville, (C8)... 987 Granada, (GI2)... 333 GrandFalls, (H3).. 100 Grand Marais, (Ml) 355 Grand Meadow, (KI2) 552 Grand Portage, (ND 100 Grand Rapids, 05) 2,230 Grandy, 08) 150 Granger, (L12).... 120 Granite Falls, (DIO) 1,454 Grasston, 08) 189 Greenbush, (C2).. . 274 Green Isle, (GIO).. 256 Grey Eagle, (F8).. 378 GroveCity, (F9)... 351 Grygla, (D3) 150 Gully, (D4) 250 Hackensack, (G5).. 84 Hadley, (D12).... 136 Hallock, (B2) 910 Halstad, (B5) 494 Hamburg, (GIO).. 153 Hamel, (H9) 130 Hamilton, 010).. 271 Hammond, (LID.. 241 Hampton, (JIO)... 190 Hancock, (D9). ... 524 Hanley Falls, (DIO) 275 Hanover, (H9).... 267 Hanska, (FID... 310 Hardwick, (CI2).. 292 Harmony, (L12). . . 655 Harris, (K8) 673 Hartland, (JI2)... 227 Hastings, (KIO).. .3,983 Hawley, (C6) 800 Hayfield, (KI2)... 586 Hayward, (JI2)... 200 Hazel Run, (DIO).. 121 Hector, (FIO) 856 Heidelberg, (HI I).. Ill Henderson, (GIO).. 753 Hendricks, (CIO).. 406 Hendrum, (B5).... 355 Henning, (E7).... 603 Henriette, (J8).... 275 Herman, (C8) 604 Heron Lake, (EI2) 803 Hewitt, (E7) 322 Hibbing, (K5) 8,832 High Forest, (KI2) 127 Hill City, (HS).... 220 HilU, (CI2) 398 Hmckley, (K7).... 673 Hines, (F4) 100 Hitterdal, (C6).... 300 Hoffman, (D8).... 391 Hokah, (N12) 400 Holdingford, (H8) 275 Holland, (CU). .. 293 Holloway, (D9)... 215 Holman, (J5) 88 Holmes City, (D8) 100 Holt, (C3) 100 Homer, (Mil).... 100 Hopkins, (JIO) 2,800 Houston, (M12)... 700 Hovhnd, (Ml).... 100 Howard Lake, (G9) 625 Hubbard, (F6).... 300 Hugo, (K9) 264 Humboldt, (B2)... 130 Huntley, (G12)... 150 Hutchinson, (GIO) 2,358 Ihlen,(CI2) 125 Independence, (L5) 100 International Falls, (J2) 1,487 Invergrove, (KIO) 200 lona, (DI2) 300 Iron, (K5) 76 Isanti, (J8) 316 Island Lake, (E4).. 41 Ivanhoe, (CID... 484 Jackson. (E12). ... 1,907 Janesville. (H11)..I,173 Jasper, (C12) 704 Jeffers, (EU) 227 Jenkins, (G6) 1.10 Johnson, (C8) 19?,, Jordan. (HIO) 1,151 Kalavala, (K6) .... 100 Kandiyohi, (F9)... 185 Karlstad, (B2).. .. 138 Kasota, (HU).... 700 Kasson, (KU)... 932 Keewatin, 05).... 695 Kelliber, (G4) 294 Kellogg, (Mil).... 372 Kelsey, (K5) 100 Kennedy, (B2).... 232 Kenneth, (CI2)... 225 Kensington, (D8).. 244 Kent, (B7) 238 Kenyon.OlD 1.237 Kerkhoven, (E9).. 432 Kiester, (H12).... 258 Kilkenny, (J U)... . 208 Kimball, (G9) 312 Kinbrae, (D12) 137 Kingston, (G9).... 250 Kinney, (K4) 400 Knife River, (M5) 491 Lac qui Parle, (DIO) 100 La Crescent, (NI2) 372 Lafayette, (GU).. 195 Lake Benton. (CU) 844 Lake City, (LI 1).. 3, 142 Lake Crystal, (GU) 1,055 Lake Elmo, (KIO).. 200 Lakefield, (EI2)... 924 Lake Fremont, (H9) 175 Lakeland. (KIO)... 200 Lake Park, (C6) ... 740 Lakeville, 010)... 385 Lake Wilson, (CI2) 219 Lambert, (D4).... 100 Lamberton, (EU).. 552 Lancaster, (B2)... 204 Lanesboro, (MI2) 987 Lansing, 012) 200 Laporte, (FS) 140 Laprau-ie, (HS),... 48 La Salle, (GU).... ISO Lengby, (D4) 167 Le Roy, (KI2)..., 702 Lester Prairie, (GIO) 420 Le Sueur, (HU). . . 1,755 Lesueur Center, (HU) 741 Lcwiston, (M12)... 473 Lewisville, (GI2).. 218 Lexington, (HU).. 100 Lindstrom, (K9)... 522 Lismore, (D12).... 268 Litchfield, (G9)... 2,333 INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES (MINNESOTA'MISSISSIPPI) 359 Little Falls, (G8).. 6,078 Littldork, (Hi)... 104 London, (J12) 175 Long Lake, (J9)... 161 Long Prairie, (F8) 1,.'50 Longville, (G6)... lUO Lonsdale, (110).... 271 Loretto, (H9) 150 Louisburg, (C9)... 88 Lowry, (D8) 252 Lucan, (EU) 98 Luce, (D6) 139 Luverne, (C12). .. .2,540 Lylc, (K12) 552 Lynd, (DU) 200 McGregor, (J6)... 126 Mcintosh, (D4)... 634 McKinley, (L4)... 411 Mabel, (M12) 549 Madelia, (GU) 1,273 Madison, (C9)....1,8H Madison Lake, (HU) 335 Magnolia, (C12)... 189 Mahnomen, (DS).. 796 Mallard, (E5) 78 Manchester, (J12) 125 Manitoba Junction, (C6) 100 Mankato, (HID. . 10,365 Mantorville, (KlI) 410 Maplebay, (C4) . . 110 Maple Lake, (H9) 522 Maple Plain, (H9) 230 Maoleton, (G12).. 809 Marble, QS) 887 Marietta, (€10)... 338 Marine Mills, (1C9) 491 Marshall, (DU). . .2,152 Matawan, (H12).. 100 Mayer, (HIO) 161 Maynard, (DIO)... 386 Mazeppa, (LID... 471 Medford, (JU).... 250 Meiregrove, (F8).. 163 Melby, (D7) 100 Melrose, (F8) 2,591 Menahga, (F6).... 346 Mendota, (JIO).... 245 Mentor. (C4) 222 Meridcn, ail).... 200 Mesaba, (L4) 84 Middle River, (C3) 149 Midway, (L6) 100 Milaca, (H8) 1,102 Milan, (D9) 468 Millerviile. (E7)... 150 Millville, (1,11).... 156 Milroy, (Ull) 137 Minneapolis, (JIO) 301,408 Minnciska, (Mil) 395 Minneota, (ClO)... 819 Minnesota City, (Mil) 211 Minnesota Lake, (H12) 445 Minnetonka Beach, (JIO) 166 Mizpah, (G4) 149 Molde, (M51 100 Monterey, (F12). .. 177 Montevideo. (DIO) 3,056 Montgomery, (Jll) 1,267 Monticello, (H9).. 858 Montrose, (H9)... 284 Moorhead, (B6)... 4,840 Mooselake, (K7)... 526 Mora, 08) 892 Morgan, (FU).... 553 Morris, (D8) 1,685 Morristown, (Jll) 592 Morton, (FIO) 761 Motley, (F7) 428 Mound, (HIO) 300 Mt. Iron, (K4)... 1,343 Mt. Lake, (F12).. 1,081 Munger, (L6) 150 Murdock, (E9).... 288 Myrtle, (J12) 150 Nary, (F5) 49 Nashua, (07) 271 Nashwauk, (J5)... 2,080 Nassau, (C9) 213 Nelson, (E8) 157 Nerstrand, (KU).. 292 Nevis. (F6) 238 New Auburn, (GIO) 261 New Brighton, (JIO) 375 New Duluth, (L6) 800 Newfolden, (C3)... 300 New Germany, (GIO) 210 New London, (E9) 418 Newmarket, (JIO) 901 New Munich, (F8) 190 Newport, (KIO)... 370 New Prague, (HIO) 1,554 New Richland, (H12) 685 New Trier, (KIO).. 144 NewUlm, (FU). . .5,648 New York Mills, (E6) 474 Nicollet, (GU).... 338 Nielsville, (B4).... 250 Norcross, (C8).... 177 Northbranch, (K9) 642 Northfield. (JU).. 3,265 N. Mankato, (GU) 1,279 Northome, (G4)... 206 North Prairie, (G8) 100 N. Redwood, (ElO) 143 N. Saint Paul, (K9) 1,404 Norwood, (HIO)... 522 Nyraore, (FS) 8.H Oakland, (J12).... 110 Odessa, (C9) 235 Odin, (F 12) 139 Ogema, (D5) 171 Ogilvie, (J8) 270 Okabena, (E12).... 225 Oklce, (D4) 100 Olivia, (FIO) 960 Onamia, (H7) 314 Orleans, (B2) 100 Orrasby, (F12) 112 Oronoco, (LU) 220 Ortonville, (C9)... 1,774 Osakis, (E8) 1,013 Oslo. (A3) 344 Osseo, (J9) 390 Ostrander, (L12).. 250 Ottawa, (HU).... 240 Ottertail, (E7).... 176 Owatonna, (Jll). ..5,658 Parkers Prairie, (E7) 383 Park Rapids, (F6) 1,801 Paynesville, (F9).. 901 Pelan, (C2) 150 Pelican Rapids, (D6) 1,019 Peraberton, (Hll) 250 Pennock, (E9) 189 Pequot, (G6) 260 Perham, (D6) 1,376 Perley, (B5) 188 Peterson, (M12)... 266 Petrell, (M5) 100 Philbrook, (F7)... 100 Pickwick, (M 12)... 150 Pierz, (G7) 545 Pike, (L4) too Pillager, (G7) 216 Pine City, (K8)... 1,258 Pine Island, (KU) 834 Pine River, (G6). .. 329 Pipestone, (CU).. .2,475 Plainview, (LU)... 1,175 Plato, (GIO) 238 Pleasant Grove, (L12) 100 Plummer, (D4) 139 Porter, (CIO) 253 Potsdam, (LU)... 100 Preston, (L12). ... 1,193 Princeton, (H8). ..1,555 Prior Lake, (JIO).. 162 Proctor, (L6) 2,243 Prosper, (M12) 100 Racine, (K12) 230 Rainy Lake City, (J2) 25 Randall, (F7) 195 Randolph, (KIO).. 182 Ranier, (J2) 190 Raymond, (E9)... 334 Reading, (012).... 250 Redby, (F4) 92 Red Lake, (E4).... 125 Red Lake Falls, (C4) 1,757 Red Wing, (LIO)... 9,048 Redwood Falls, (ElO) 1,666 Reeds, (LU) 150 Reno, (N12) 100 Renville, (ElO). .. .1,182 Revere, (Ell) 134 Rice, {G8) 262 Richdale, (E6) 100 Richfield, (JIO). .. .2,673 Richland, UU) 100 Richmond, (G8). .. 563 Rich VaUey, (JIO). 100 Richville, (D6).... 255 Richwood, (D6)... 100 Robbinsdale, a9).. 765 Rochester, (LU).. 7,844 Rockcreek, (K8) ... 150 Rockford, (H9)... 287 Rockville. (G9).... 127 Rogers, (H9) 275 Rolling Stone, (Mil) 205 Ronneby, (H8),... 132 Roosevelt, (E2)... 252 Roseau, (D2) 644 Rose Creek, (K12) 202 Rosemount, (JIO).. 238 Rothsay, (C7) 343 Round Lake, {E12) 237 Royalton, (G8) .... 676 Ru.shCity, (K8)... 964 Rushford (city), (M12) 1,011 Rushford (village), (M12) 686 Rusbmore, (D12).. 237 Russell, (DU) 262 Ruthton, (CU).... 290 Rutledge, (K7) 89 Sabin, (B6) 300 Sacred Heart, (ElO) 587 Saint Augusta, (G9) 150 St. Bonifacius, (HIO) 275 St. Charles, (M12) 1,159 Saint Clair, (Hll).. 323 Saint Cloud, (G8) 10,600 Saint Francis, (J9) 370 Saint Hilaire, (C3) 468 Saint James, (FU) 2,102 Saint Joseph, (G8) 706 St. Louis Pk., (JIO) 1,743 Saint Martin, (F9) 177 Saint Michael, (H9) 401 St. Michael Sta.,(H9) 222 ST. PAUL,(K10) 214,744 St. Paul Park, (K9) 832 Saint Peter, (GU) 4,176 Saint Vincent, (A2) 328 Sanborn, (Ell) 462 Sandstone, (K7).. .1,818 Sargeant, (K12)... 76 Sartell. (G8) 240 Sauk Center, (F8) 2,154 Sauk Rapids, (G8) 1,745 Savage, GIO) 300 Scandia, (K9) 150 Scanlon, (L6) 572 Seaforth, (EU).... 158 Sebeka, (E6) 428 Sedan, (E8) 127 Sellwood, (M4).... 100 Shafer, (K9) 150 Shakopee, (HIO)... 2,302 Shelly, (B5) 195 Sberburn, (FI2)... 814 Shevlin, (E4) 172 Silver Creek, (G9) 100 Silver Lake, (GIO) 382 Skibo, (M5) ISO Slayton, (D12).... 850 Sleepy Eye, (FU).. 2,247 Solway, (E4) 85 South Haven, (G9) 287 SouthPark, (JIO). . 250 S.Saint Paul, (JIO) 4,510 S. Stillwater, (K9) 1,343 Sparta, (L5) 100 Spicer, (E9) 228 Spooner, (F2) 668 Springfield, (EU).. 1,482 Spring Grove, (M12) 620 Spring Hill, (F8)... 100 Spring Lake, (K8) 200 Springpark, (HIO) 100 Spring Vale, (J8) . . 100 Spring Valley, (L12) 1,817 Stacy, (K9) 150 Staples, (F7) 2,558 Starbuck, (E8)... . 497 Steen, (C12) 250 Stephen, (B3) 618 Stevenson, (J5) 200 Stewart, (GIO).... 412 Stewartville, (K12) 794 StUlwater, (K9).. 10,198 Stockton, (Mil)... 100 Storden, (EU) 325 Strandquist, (33).. 150 Sturgeon Lake, (K7) 183 Sunburg, (E9) 125 Sundby, (L6) 100 Sunrise, (K8) 130 Swanville, (F8) .... 397 Taconite, (J5) 549 Taopi, (K12) 140 Taunton, (DIO). .. 205 Taylors Falls, (K9) 454 Tenney, (C7) 185 Tenstrike, (F4).... 250 Terrebonne, (C4).. 200 Theilman. (LU)... 150 Thief River Falls, (C3) 3,714 Thomson, (L6).... 169 Tintah, (C8) 217 Tonka Bay, (HIO) 107 Tower, (L4) 1,111 Tracy, (DU) 1,876 Triumph, (F12)... 243 Trosky, (C12) 181 Truman, (F12) 451 Turtle River, (F4) 108 TwinLakes, (J12).. 100 Twin Valley, (C5).. 543 Two Harbors, (M5) 4,990 Tyler, (CU) 614 Ulen, (C5) 438 Underwood, (D7).. 400 Utica, (M12) 172 Valley Creek, (KfO) 130 Vasa, (KIO) 200 Verdi, (CU) 150 Vergas, (D6) 237 Vermillion, (KIO).. 161 Verndale, (F7). ... 538 Vernon Center, (G12) 289 Veseli, (JIO) 235 Vesta, (ElO) 243 Victoria, (HIO).... 250 Viking, (C3) 200 Villard, (E8) 260 Vining, (E7) 212 Viola, (LU) 140 Virginia, (L4). ... 10,473 Wabasha, (LU). . .2,622 Wabasso, (EU).... 343 Waconia, (HIO)... 817 Wadena, (E7) 1,820 Wahkon, (J7) 425 Waite Park, (G8). . 406 Waldorf, (H12).... 225 Walker, (F5) 917 Walnut Grove, (DU) 366 Walters, (H12).... 103 Waltham, (K12)... 170 Wanamingo, (KU) 450 Wanda, (Ell) 129 Warba, (J5) 300 Warren, (B3) 1,613 Warroad, (E2).... 927 Warsaw, (JU).... 150 Waseca, (HU). .. .3,054 Washington, (L12) 100 Wasioja, (KU).... 100 Waterford, (JIO).. 150 Watertown, (HIO) 465 Waterville, (JU).. 1,273 Watkins, (G9) 366 Watson, (D9) 152 Waubun, (D5) 230 Waverly, (H9).... 460 VVayzata, (JIO).... 492 Weaver, (Mil).... 140 Webster, (JU) 200 Wegdahl, (DIO)... 175 Welcome, (F12)... 543 Wells, (H12) 1,755 Wendell, (C7) 175 Wesely, (JIO) 235 Westbrook, (EU).. 429 W. Concord, (KU) 584 West Minneapolis, UIO) 3,022 Westport, (E8). ... 175 W.St. Paul, (JIO).. 2,660 West Union, (E8).. 161 Whalan, (M12)... . 121 Wheatland, (HU) 85 Wheaton, (C8). ... 1,300 White Bear Lake, (J9) 1,505 White Earth, (D5) 350 Wilder, (E12) 95 Willmar, (E9) 4,135 Willow River, (K7) 212 Wilmont, (D12)... 258 Wilton, (F4) 215 Windom, (E12) 1,749 Winger, (D4) 325 Winnebago, (G12) 1,554 Winona, (Mil)... 18,583 Winsted, (GIO) 296 Winthrop, (GIO).. 1,043 Winton, (M4) 430 Witoka, (M12).... ISO Wolverton, (B6)... 290 Woodlake, (ElO).. 292 Woodstock, (CU) 226 Worthington, (E12) 2,385 Wrenshall, (L6). .. 200 Wykoff, (L12) 456 Wylie, (C4) 100 Wyoming, (K9) ... 207 Young America, (HIO) 303 Zimmerman, (H9) 250 Zions, (G9) 250 Zumbro Falls, (LU) 208 Zumbrota, (K11)..I,138 MISSISSIPPI Abbeville, (F3).... 243 Aberdeen, (G4).... 3,708 Ackerman, (F5)... 1,398 Acona. (D5) 150 Adair, (D5) 250 Agricultural Col- lege, (GS) 200 Airey.(FlO) 110 Albertson, (F8).,. 328 Alcorn, (B8) 200 Algoma, (F3) 152 Alligator, (C3).... 250 Almadale, (D7)... 100 Amory, (H4) 2,122 Anding, (D6) 150 AnguiUa, (C6) 500 Arbo. (E8) 200 Arcadia, (B6) 100 Areola, (C5) 512 Arkabutla. (D2)... 217 Artesia, (G5) 535 Ashland, (F2) 146 Atlanta, (F4) 100 Austin, (D2) 105 Bailey, (G7) 175 Baird, (C5) 192 Baldivyn, (G3) 787 Banks, (D2) 150 Banner, (F3) 116 Barlow, (C8) 171 B.assfield. (E8) . . . . 344 Batcsville. (E3)... 774 Battlefield, (G6) ... 200 Baxterville, (E9).. 200 Bav St. Louis,(Fll) 3,388 Bay Springs, (F8) . . 836 Beaumont, (G9)... 250 Beauregard, (D8).. 240 Belden, (G3) 220 Belen, (D3) 193 Belletontaine, (F4) 160 Belleprairie, (D6).. 230 Belmont. (H2).... 367 Belzoni, (C5) 1,0S9 Benoit, (C4) 412 Benton. (D6) 200 Bentonia, (D6).... 250 Berclair, (DS) 150 Beulah, (B4) 369 Bexley, (GIO) 150 Bigbee, (G3) 100 Bigbee Valley, (H5) 100 Big Creek, (F4).... 100 Biloxi, (GU) 8,049 Binnsville, (H6) . . . 300 Black Hawk, (E5).. 250 Blaine, (C4) 150 Blue Lake, (D4)... 200 Blue Mountain, (F2) 650 Blue Springs, (G3) 167 Bobo. (C3) ISO Bogue Chitto, (C9) 841 Bolivar, (B4) 120 Bolton, (D7) 632 Bond, (FIO) 536 Bon Hommie, (F9) 150 Booneville,(H2)... 1,337 Booth, (C6) 125 Boyd, (D9) 100 Boyle, (C4) 444 Bradley, (G5) 100 Brandon, (E7).... 720 Braxton, (E7) 286 Brazelia, (H5).... 100 Brevoort, (C6). ... 100 Brookhaven.(C8).. 5,293 Brooklyn, (F9).... 200 Brookville, (G5)... 850 Bucatunna. (G8).. 421 Buena Vista. (G4) 231 Bumsville, (H2)... 336 Byhalia, (E2) 511 Byram, (D7) 125 Caledonia, (H4)... 137 Calhoun City, (F4) 477 Camden, (E6) 170 Canton, (E6) 3,929 Carolina, (B6) 110 Carpenter, (C7)... 150 Carriere, (ElO) 500 Carrollton, (E5)... 608 Carson, (E8) 150 Carthage, (E6) 315 Gary, (C6) 150 Cascilla, (D4).... 85 Cato, (E7) 180 CedarbluSf, (G4)... 216 Centerville, (B9) . . 865 Chancy, (D3) 150 Charleston, (D3).. 1,834 Cherry Creek, (F3) 100 Chester, (FS) 62 Chesterville, (G3), . 130 Chotard, (C6) 100 Chritton, (C3).... 100 Chulahoma, (E2).. 100 Chunky, (G7) 280 Clarksburg, (E7).. 100 Clarksdale,(D3)... 4,079 Clarkson, (F4) 100 Claude, (E9) 100 Clayton, (D2) 150 Clermont Harbor, (FU) 100 Cleveland, (C4 )...!, 001 Cliftonville, (H5).. 100 Clinton, (D7) 767 Clover Hill, (D3).. 230 Clyde, (F9) 100 Coahoma, (D3).... 211 Cockrum, (E2).... 150 Coffeeville, (E4)... 421 Coldwater, (E2)... 774 Coles, (B9) 100 Collcgehill, (E3)... 125 Collins, (E9) 2,581 Columbia, (E9).... 2,029 Columbus, (GS)... 8,988 Como, (E2) 905 Conehatta, (F7)... 152 Conway, (E6) 100 Cooperville, (E7).. 100 Coral, (E9) 100 Corinth, (H2) 5,020 Cotton Plant, (G2) 110 Courtland, (E3)... 304 Craig, (C6) 500 Crawford, (GS).... 396 Crenshaw, (D3)... 358 Crossroads, (GIO).. 300 Cruger. (DS) 500 Crystal Springs, (D8) 1,343 Cude, (DS) 150 Cumberland, (F4) 100 Dahomy, (C4) 100 Daleville, (G6).... 100 Dancy, (F4) 143 Darden, (F2) 100 Dariing, (D3) 150 Decatur, (F7) 283 Deeson, (C3) 100 DeKalb, (G6) 400 De Lisle, (FID... 100 Dennis, (H2) 147 Derma, (F4) 383 DeSoto, (G8) 240 Dixon, (F6) 110 DIo, (E8) 284 Doddsville, (D4).. 200 Donovan, (HIO). .. 100 Dorsey, (H3) 200 Dossville, (E6) 250 Drew, (D4) 278 Dry Grove, (D7).. 250 Dubbs, (02) 125 Dublin, (03) 400 Duck Hill. (E4).... 499 Dumas, (G2) 130 Duncan, (C3) 284 Duncansby, (B6).. 180 Dundee, (D2) 250 Durant, (E5) 1,881 Eastside, (GU).... 819 Ebenezer, (D6).... 130 Ecru, (F3) 475 Eddiceton, (C8)... 350 Eden, (D6) 176 Edinburg, (F6).... 250 Edith, (G9) 100 Edwards, (C7).... 589 Egypt, (G4) 110 Elarbee. (FIO) 150 Elizabeth, (C5).... 110 Elliott, (E4) 161 EUisville, (F8) 2,446 Elwood, (G7) 100 Endville, (G3) 150 Enid, (E3) 191 Enterprise, (G7)... 877 Epps, (F9) 100 Escatawpa, (GU).. 125 Essex, (D3) 100 Estabutchie, (F9).. 631 Ethel, (E5) 400 Eudora, (02) 110 Eupora, (F4) 896 Evansville, (D2)... 100 Fairport, (G5) 100 Fair River, (D8)... 100 Falcon, (D3) 130 Falkner, (G2) 148 Fannin, (E7) 200 Farrell, (C3) 250 Fayette, (B8) 775 F'earns Springs, (GS) 130 Fenton, (FU) 125 Fentress, (F5) 67 Flora, (06) 747 Florence, (D7).... 260 Forest, (F7) 1,136 Fort Adams, (A9).. 133 French Camps. (FS) 220 Friar Point, (C3).. 875 Fulton, (H3) 194 Gainesville, (Ell).. 150 Gallman, (D8).... 188 Gandsi, (F8) 232 Garlandville, (F7) 100 Gattman, (H4).... 155 Gauticr, (GU).... 100 Geeville, (G2) 120 Georgetown, (08) 550 Gibson, (G4) 125 Gilford, (F7) 165 Gillsburg, (C9).... 200 Gitano, (F8) 100 Glen Allen, (BS)... 250 Glendora, (D4).... 207 Gloster, (C9) 1,486 Gluckstadt, (D6).. 100 Golden, (H3) 20? Good Hope, (E6).. 200 Goodman, (E6) 603 Grace, (C6) 200 Grand Gulf, (B7).. 200 Graysport, (E4). ..1,409 Greengrove, (C3).. 200 Greenville, (B5)... 9,610 Greenwood, (05).. 5,836 Grenada, (E4) 2,814 Gulfport, (FU) 6,386 Gunnison, (C4). .. . 513 Guntown, (G3) 330 Hale, (G8) 100 Hamburg, (B8) 234 Hampton, (C5).. .. 100 Handsboro, (FU).. 907 Hardy Station, (E4) 166 Harperville, (F7).. 179 Harriston, (C8).... 253 Hattiesburg, (F9) 11,733 Hazlehurst, (D8).. 2,056 Heidelberg, (F8)... 477 Hermanville, (C8) 300 Hernando, (D2)... 660 Hickman, (E9).... 150 Hickory, (F7) 600 Hickory Flat, (F2) 261 Highlandale, (04) 200 Highpoint, (FS)... 104 Hillsboro, (F7) 180 Hinchcliff, (03)... 100 Hiwannee, (G8)... 217 Holcomb, (E4).... 152 Hollandale, (C5).. 481 Holly Bluff, (C6).. 105 Holly Springs, (E2) 2,192 Holly Ridge, (C5).. 163 Hollywood, (D2).. 500 Holmcsville, (D9).. 150 Home Park, (D6).. 150 Horaewood, (F7).. 100 Hopewell, (08).... 100 Horn Lake, (E2)... 200 Houlka, (G3) 389 Houston, (G4) 1,400 Howard, (DS) 120 Howison, (FIO)... 250 Hub, (E9) 200 Hurley, (GIO) 120 Huron, (C9) 100 Increase, (G7) 160 Inda, (FIO) 150 Independence, (E2) 106 Indianola, (C5). ... 1,098 Ingomar, (F3) 234 Inverness, (CS).... 221 Isola, (C5) 478 Ittabena, (04) 1,427 luka, (H2) 1,221 JACKSON. (07) 21,262 Jacobs, (B8) 100 Jessie, (E6) 150 Johnstons Sta.,(C9) 170 Jonestown, (03)... 360 Keel, (F3) 100 Kendrick, (H2).... 100 Kilmichael, (ES)... 380 Kiln, (FU) 150 Kipling, (G6) 200 Kirkville, (H3).... ISO Knoxville, (B9) 168 Kola, (E8) 100 Kosciusko. (E5)... 2,385 Kossuth, (G2) 193 Ladner, (FIO) 130 Lafayette Springs, (F3) 140 Lake, (F7) 429 Lake Como, (F8).. 150 Lake Cormorant, (02) 200 Lakeshore, (FU).. 200 Lamar, (F2) 75 Lambert, (D3) 573 Latonia, (HIO).... 200 Lauderdale, (H6).. 500 Laurel, (F8) 8,465 Lawrence, (F7).... 200 Leaf, (G9) 100 Leakesville, (G9). . 466 Learned, (C7) 134 Leiand. (CS) 1,547 Lena, (E6) 200 Leota Landing, (B5) 300 Lexington, (ES)... 2,428 Liberty, (C9) 556 Little Springs, (C9) 200 Lizana, (FIO) 100 Lockhart, (G6).... 100 Logtown, (EU)... 300 Long Beach, (FU) 1,026 Longtown, (D2)... 250 Longview, (GS)... 190 Lorena. (F7) 200 Lorenzen, (C6).... 150 Lorraine, (FU) 100 Louin, (F7) 523 Louise. (C6) 69 Louisville, (FS). ...1,181 Love Station, (E2) 108 Lucedale, (GIO)... 797 Lucien, (C8) 153 Ludlow, (E6) 150 Lula, (D3) 160 Lumberton, (ElO) 2,122 Lyman, (FIO) 100 Lynn Creek, (GS).. 100 Lyon, (C3) 223 Lytal, (G2) 100 McCall, (C9) 150 McComb, (C9).... 6,237 McCool, (FS) 422 McHcnry, (FIO)... 627 McLain, (G9) 250 McLaurin, (F9)... 250 McNair, (B8) 200 McNeill, (ElO).... 200 Maben, (F4) 539 Macon, (GS) 2,024 Madison Sta., (D7) 450 Magee, (E8) 685 Magnolia, (D9).... 1,823 Malcum, (08) 100 Mantachie, (H3).. 161 Mantee, (F4) 222 Marathon, (CS)... 125 Marie, (C4) 100 Marietta, (H3).... 146 Marion, (G7) 100 Marks, (03) 670 Mashulaville, (GS) 150 Matagorda, (03).. 100 Mathiston, (F4)... 576 Mattson, (D3).... 150 MayersviUe, (C6).. 185 Mayhew, (GS) 180 Meadville, (C9)... 260 MeehanJunc.,(G7). 100 Mendenhall, (E8).. 606 Meridian, (G7). . .23,285 Merigold, (C4).... 241 Merrill, (GIO) 328 Michigan City, (F2) 54 Midnight, (CS).... 200 Millard, (ElO) 100 Miller, (E2) 150 Minter City, {D4) 600 Mish, (E8) 100 Mississippi City, (GU) 300 MUe, (E8) 321 Money, (D4) 125 Monroe, (C9) 110 Monticello, (08).. 450 Montpelier, (G4).. 100 Montrose, (F7) 427 Moorhead, (OS)... 506 Morton, (E7) 374 Moselle, (F9) 241 Moss, (F8) 150 Moss Point, (Hll) 3,054 Mound Bayou, (C4) 537 Mount Carmel, (E8) 200 Mount Olive, (E8) 1,077 Mt. Pleasant, (F2) l.iO Muldon, (G4) 150 Mullonville, (E6).. 100 Myrtle, (F2) 255 Napanee, (C5) ISO Natchez, (B8). ... 11,791 Nesbitt, (D2) 122 Neshoba, (F6) .... 300 Nettleton, (G3)... 733 New Albany, (F2) 2,032 New Augusta, (F9) 400 Newhebron, (08).. 191 Newton, (F7) 1,878 Newtonia, (B9) . . . . 100 Nicholson, (EU).. 348 Nola, (08) 130 Norfield, (C9) 889 Northcarrollton, (E4) 302 N. Greenwood, (04) 269 Noxapater, (F6)... 311 Nugent, (FU) 100 Oakland, (E3) 351 Oakley, (C7) 125 Oak Vale, (E9) 298 Ocean Springs, (GU) 1,472 Odile, (E9) 100 Ofahoma, (E6) 100 Okolona, (G3) 2,584 Olive Branch, (E2) 221 Oma, (08) 100 Ora, (E8) 462 Orange Grove, (Hll) 100 Orvisburg, (ElO).. 187 Osyka, (D9) 824 Ovett, (G9) 383 Owens Wells, (D5) 130 Oxford, (F3) 2,014 Pace, (C4) 100 Pachuta, (G7) 187 Paden, (H2) 186 Paris, (F3) 137 Pascagoula, (HU) 3,379 Pass Christian, (FU) 2,458 Pattison, (C8) 151 Paulding, (F7) ISO Paynes, (04) 150 Pearlh.ven, (08). . 499 Pearlington, (EU) 300 Pelahatchee, (E7).. 943 Penton, (D2) 100 Percy, (CS) 200 Perkinston, (FIO).. 200 Perthshire, (C4)... 400 Petal, (F9) 150 Pheba,(G4) 282 Philadelphia, (F6) 1.209 Philipp, (D4) 200 Picayune, (ElO)... 846 Pickens, (E6) 619 Pinebur, (E9) 100 Pine Valley, (E3). . 200 Pinola, (E8) 241 Pittman, (E9) 100 Pittsboro, (F4). ... 249 Plantersville, (G3) 165 Plattsburg, (F6)... 100 Pleasant Hill, (E2) 182 Pocahontas, (D7).. 130 Pontotoc, (F3).... 1,277 Pope, (E3) 163 Poplar Springs, (G3) 53 Poplarville, (FIO).. 1,272 Port Gibson, (C8).. 2,252 Potosi, (C6) 200 Potts Camp, (F2).. 312 Prairie, (G4) 160 Prairie Point, (H5) 250 Prentiss, (ES) 640 Puckett, {E7) 100 Pulaski, (E7) 100 Purvis, (F9) 724 Quincy, (H4) 150 (Juitman, (G7) 950 Raleigh, (E7) 210 Randolph, (F3)... 162 Rara Avis, (H3)... 150 Ratlifl, (G3) 150 Raymond. (07)... 579 Recluse, (FIO) 100 Reform, (F5) 114 Renalara, (C3).... 125 Rich, (03) 200 Richburg. (F9) 100 Richey, (C5) 100 Richton, (G9) 1,250 Ridgeland, (07). .. 158 Rienzi. (G2) 434 Ripley, (G2) 767 Robinsonville. (D2) 300 Rockiwrt, (08). .. 150 Rodney, (B8) 338 Rolling Fork, (C6) 850 Rome. (C4) 148 Rosedale, (C4). ... 1,103 Rose Hill, (F7) 300 Rosetta. (B9) 150 Roxie. (B8) 294 Ruleville. (D4).... 451 Rural Hill, (FS)... 150 Russum, (B8) 120 Sabougia, (F4)... . 150 Sallis. (ES) 247 Saltillo, (G3) 306 Sandersville, (G8) . . 604 Sandy Hook, (E9) 100 Sanford, (F9) 150 Sarah, (02) 100 Saratoga, (E8) 150 Sardis, (E3) 1,406 Sarepta, (F3) 162 Satartia, (C6) 187 Saucier, (FIO) 255 Schlater, (04) 400 Scobey, (E4) 165 Scooba, (H6) 322 Seminary, (F8).... 526 Senatobia, (E2). . . . 1,275 Sessums, (G5) 100 Shannon, (G3).... 564 Sharon, (E6) 150 Shaw, (C4) 871 Shelby, (C4) 645 Sherman, (G3).... 553 Shiloh, (B6) 100 Shivers, (D8) 198 Shubuta, (G8) 1,168 Shuqualak, ((j6). . . 636 Sidon, (D5) 391 Silver City, (CS). .. ,341 Silver Creek, (08) 544 Silver Springs, (G2) 100 Slate Spring, (F4).. 175 Sledge, (D3) 275 Smithdale, (C9)... 100 Smithville, (H3)... 179 Sontag, (D8) 100 Soso, (F8) 162 S.Pascogoula, (GU) 350 Spanish Fort, (C6) 100 Springville. (F3). . . 100 Standing Pine, (E6) 200 Star, (07) 260 Starkville,(G5).... 2,698 State Line, (G9)... 363 Stewart, (F5) 188 Stoneville, (C5) 200 Stonewall, (G7) 1,000 Stonington, (C8)... 150 Strayhom, (D2)... 137 Stringer, (F8) 267 Strongs, (G4) 100 Sturgis, (FS) 321 Summerland, (F8) 100 Summit, (D9) 1,471 Sumner, (D4) 364 Sumrall, (E9) 2,046 Sunflower, (D4)... 350 Sunny Side, (D4).. 150 Sycamore, (G4) .... 100 Sylvarena. (F7) 200 Taylor, (E3) 147 Taylorsville, (F8).. 623 Tchula, (05) 478 Terry, (D7) 473 Thaxton, (F3) 143 Thornton, (DS). .. 64 Thrasher, (H2)... 100 Tibbee Sta.. (G4).. 100 Tilden, (H3) 100 Tillatoba, (E3) 163 Tishomingo, (H2). . 212 Toccopola, (F3) ... 233 Tocowa. (D3) 57 Tomnolen, (F5)... 198 Toomsuba. (G7)... 300 Trenton, (E7) 200 Troy, (G3) 85 Tula, (F3) 151 Tunica, (02) 555 Tupelo, (G3) 3,881 Tutwiler, (D3).. 410 Tylertown, (D9)... 795 Tyro, (E2) 100 Union, (F6) 693 Union Church, (C8) 150 Upton, (E8) 100 Uriel, (G8) 100 Utica, (C7) 572 Vaiden, (ES) 713 Valley, (06) 100 Vance, (D3) 180 Vancleave, (GIO).. 150 Vardaman, (F4).. . 439 Vaughan, (06) 200 Vema, (D9) 100 Vernal, (G9) 200 Verona, (G3) 558 Vicksburg, (C7).. 20,814 Vosburg, (G8) 200 Wah.alak, (G6)... , 107 Waldo, (F6) 100 Wallfield, (G3).... 100 Walls, (D2) 200 Walnut, (02) 160 Walnut Grove, (F6) 199 Walthall, (F4) 171 Wanilla, (08) 150 Washington, (B8).. 100 Waterford, (F2)... 130 Water Valley, (E3) 4,275 Waveland, (Ell). . 554 Waynesboro, (08) 652 Weathersby, (E8) . . 175 Webb, (04) 292 Weir, (FS) 220 Wesson, (08) 2,024 West, (E5) 276 West Point, (G4).. 4,864 Wheeler. (G2) 181 Whitesand, (E8)... 150 Wiggins, (FIO) 980 Wilkesburg, (E9) , . 150 Williamsburg, (E8) 100 Wilsonville, (C8).. 150 Winbom,(F2) 100 Winchester, (G8).. ISO Winona, (F5) 2,512 Winterville, (B5).. 150 Wisdom, (FIO) 100 Wisner, (F8) 626 Woodland, (F4)... 156 Woodville, (B9)... 1,233 Wren, (G4) 100 Yazoo City, (D6).. 6,796 Zilpha, (ES) ISO Zion, (F6) 150 Zion Hill, (C9).... 20O 360 (MISSOURI) INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES MISSOURI Adrian, (D6) 929 Advance. (N8) 621 Afiton, (MS) 650 Agency, (Ci) 429 Alanthus Grove, (C2) 120 Alba. (D8) 1,000 Albany, (D2) 1.922 Aldrich. (E7) 225 Alexandria, (J2)... 650 Allbrisht, (M8).... 150 Allendale, (D2).... 243 Allenton. (L5) 250 Allenville. (N8).... 257 Alma, (E4) 319 Altamont, (D3) 270 Altenburg, (N7)... 279 Altheim, (M5) 150 Alton, (K9) 484 Altona, (D6) 67 Amazonia. (C3) 456 Americus, (J5) 100 Amity, (D3) 173 Amoret, (C6) 307 Amsterdam. (C6).. 162 Anderson. (D9) 721 Anglum. (M5) 300 Annapolis. (L8)... 160 AnnbtoD. (09) 364 Anutt. (J7) 130 Appleton, (N7) 98 Appleton City, (D6) 1,018 Arbela, (H2) 131 Arcadia, (L7) 289 Archie, (D6) 246 Areola. (E7) 300 Ardeola. (N8) 150 Ardmore, (G3).... 500 Argyle, (H6) 176 Arkoe. (C2) 87 Armstrong. (04).. 579 Arnica. (E7) 100 Arrow Rock. (F4).. 336 Asbury. (C8) 200 Ashbum. (K3).... 295 Asherville, (M9)... 120 Ashgrove. (E81. ... 1,075 Ashland, (H5) 341 Ashley, (K4) 480 Ashton. (J2) 200 Athens. (JI) 140 Atherton, (D4).... 120 Atlanta. (H3) 523 Augusta. (L5) 267 Aullville. (E4) 166 Aurora. (E9) 4,148 Aurora Springs. (06) 135 Austin. (D5) 300 Auxvasse. (J4).... 411 Ava. (09) 713 Avalon, (F3) 500 Avilla, (D8) 150 Avon. (M7) 120 Bagnell, (06) 100 Bakersfield, (H9). . 270 Ballwin. (L5) 300 Bardley. (K9) 100 Baring, (H2) '379 Barnard. (C2) 338 Barnett. (06) 118 Barry. (C4) 150 Battlefield. (F8)... 100 Bay. (J5) 130 Bayouville. (09)... 100 Beaman. (F5) 100 Beauiort. (K6) 200 Bedford. (F3I 200 Belgique. (N7).... 150 Belgrade, (L7) 2B0 Bell City, (N8).... 316 Belle. 06) 600 Bellefontaine, (M5) 150 Belleview, (L7).... 100 Bellflower. (K4)... 500 Belmont. (09) 2.50 Belton. (D5) 922 Benton. (N8) 320 Benton City. (J4).. 233 Berger. (K5) 300 Bemie. (N9) 742 Bertrand. (09) ... 346 Bethany. (E2) 1.931 Bethel, (J3) 235 Bevier, (03) 1,900 Bigelow, (B2) 156 Billings, (E8) 760 Birch Tree, (K9).. 497 Bird Point. (09)... 400 Birmingham. (C4) 136 Bismarck. (L7) 848 Blackburn. (F4),.. 389 Blackjack. (M5)... 400 Blackwater. (05).. 371 Blairstown. (E5).. 288 Bland. (J6) 359 Blodgett. (N9).... 422 Bloodland. (H7)... 100 Bloomfield.(N9)... 1.147 Bloomington. (03) 100 Bloomsdale. (M6). . 100 Blue Ridge. (E2).. 67 Blue Springs. (D4) 561 BIythedale. (E2)... 345 Boaz, (F8) 150 Bogard. (E4) 316 Bois D'Arc. (F8).. 200 Bolckow. (C2).... 376 Bolivar. (F7) 1. 975 Bonfils. (M5) 100 Bonne Terre. (L7) 5.700 Bonnots Mill. (J5) 160 Boonville. (05). .. .4,252 Bosworth. (F4).... 767 Bourbon. (K6) 382 Bowen, (E5) 200 BowerMills. (D8).. 82 Bowling Oreen, (K4) 1,385 Brandsville, (J9).. 200 Branson. (F9) 700 Brashear. (H2).... 458 Brawiey. (K9) 100 Braymer. (E3). ... 1,027 Breckenridge, (E3) 1,025 Brewer. (N7) 200 Bridgeton, (M5)... 129 Brighton, (F8).... 150 Brimson. (E2) 104 Broadwater, (N9).. 100 Bron.-iugh, (D7)... 263 Brooklield, (F3). ..5,749 Brooklinc Station, (F8) 300 Browning, (F2) 629 Brownington, (E6) 348 Brownwood, (N8).. 180 Brumley. (H6) 200 Bruner, (F8) 100 Brunswick, (F4)... 1,606 Buckeye, (09) 200 Bucklin, (03) 790 Buckner, (D4) 410 Buffalo, (F7) 820 Bunceton, (05)... 788 Bunker. (K8) 606 Burfordville, (N8) 114 Burgess. (C7) 249 Burlington Junction, (B2) 942 Burnham, (J9) 73 Butler, (D6) 2,894 Butterfield, (E9)... 100 Bynumville. (03).. 100 Cabool. (H8) 789 Cadet. (L7) 170 Cagle. (C8) 800 Cainesville. (E2)... 887 Cairo. (H3) 220 Caledonia, (L7)... 128 Calhoun. (E6).... 684 California. (05)... 2, 154 Callao. (G3) 526 Calwood. (15) 150 Camden. (D4) 477 Camden Point. (C4) 169 Cameron, (D3) 2,980 Campbell, (MIO).. 1.781 Canalou,(N9) 296 Canton, (J2) 2,218 Cape Girardeau, (N8) 8,475 Caplinger Mills. (E7) 130 Cardwell, (MIO)... 874 Carl Junction. (C8) 1.115 Carrollton. (E4)... 3,452 Carterville, (D8).. 4.539 Carthage. (D8). .. .9,483 Caruthersville, (NIO) 3,655 Cassville, (E9) 781 Catawissa, (L6)... 130 Cedar City. (H5).. 208 Cedarjtap, (08) 112 Cedar Springs. (E7) 150 Cedar Valley. (F9) 300 Cement City, (D4) 100 Centaur Station, (L5) 150 Center, (J3) 540 Centertown, (HS).. 285 Centerview. (E5).. 400 Centerville, (L8). .. 500 Central City. (D8) 100 Centralia. (H4). .. .2.116 Chadwick.(F9).... 150 Chaffee. (N8) 2.082 Chamois. (J5) 649 Charity. (07) 130 Charleston. (09)... 3. 144 Chesterfield, (L5).. 130 Chilhowce. (E5)... 425 Chillicothe. (F3)... 6.265 Chilton, (L9) 130 Chitwood, (C8) 1,600 Chula. (E3) 384 Clarence. (H3). ... 1.322 Clark. (H4) 300 Clarksburg. (05).. 399 Clarskdale, (C3)... 416 Clarksville. (L4)... 918 Clarkton. (NIO)... 682 Claryville. (N7) 140 Clayton, (M5) 1,500 Clayton, (C7) 49 Clearmont, (BD... 263 Cleveland. (C5) 20O Clever. (F8) 248 Clifton City, (F5).. 150 Clifton Hill, (04).. 400 Climax Springs, (F6) 250 Clinton. (E6) 4,992 Clyde. (C2) 368 Coatsville. (01)... 140 Coffey, (E2) 500 Cole Camp. (F6)... 910 College Mound, (03) 230 Collins. (E7) 259 Coloma. (E3) 200 Columbia, (H5).. 9,662 Columbus, (E5)... 190 Commerce. (08)... 544 Conception Junc- tion. (C2) 200 Concordia. (E5)... 931 Connelsville. (02) 652 Conran. (NIO) 196 Conway. (08) 394 Cooter. (NIO) 300 Cora. (F2) 110 Corder, (E4) 649 Coming. (B2) 253 Corridon. (K8).... 150 Cosby. (C3) 170 Cottlevillc. (L5)... 280 Cottonwood Point, (NIO) 170 Courtney, (D4).... 100 Covington. (NIO).. 150 Cowgill. (E3) 363 Craig, (B2) 621 Crane, (E9) 1,002 Creighton, (D6)... 400 Crescent, (LS) 100 Creve Coeur, (M5) 400 Crocker, (H7) 500 Cross Timbers, (F6) 500 Crosstown, (N7)... 175 Crowder. (N9).... 288 Cruise. (L6) 100 Crystal City, (M6) 1,800 Cuba, (K6) 619 Currentview, (L9) 100 Curryville, (K4)... 238 Cyrene. (K4) 94 Dadeville. (E8) 401 Dallas, (C5) 130 Dalton, (F4) 261 Danville, (J5) 113 Darlington, (D2).. 352 Dawn. (E3) 400 Dawson. (H8) 140 Dearborn. (C3) 499 De Camp. (J 7) 130 Deepwater, (E6)... 1,398 Decrfield. (C7) 129 Deering. (NIO) 500 DeKalb, (C3) 391 DeLassus, (M7)... 150 Denver, (D2) 450 Deray. (N8) 175 Des Arc, (L8) 287 Desloge, (M7) 4,000 De Soto, (L6) 4,721 Dcsperes, (M5) 350 DeWitt, (F4) 423 Dexter, (N9) 2,322 Diamond, (D8) 500 Dichlstadt, (09)... 160 Dillard, (K7) 100 Dillon. (J7) 100 Dixon. (H6) 715 Dodson. (C5) 150 Doe Run, (L7) 950 Dongola.(N8) 72 Doniphan. (L9)... 1,225 Dover. (E4) 214 Downing, (H2) 513 Dresden, (FS) 180 Drexel, (C6) 512 Dudley, (M9) 150 Duenweg, (D8) 2,500 Duncan, (08) 200 Duncans Bridge, (H3) 100 Dunlap. (E2) 150 Dunnegan, (E7)... 250 Durham. (J3) 200 Dykes. (H8) 240 Eaglevillc. (D2)... 330 East Atchison. (B3) 160 East Bonne Terre, (M7) 180 East Lynne, (D5).. 277 Easton, (C3) 225 East Prairie. (09).. 1,500 Ebenezer, (F8).... 100 Economy, (H3).... 110 Edgar Springs. (J7) 100 Edgerton. (C3).... 534 Edgewood, (K4)... 100 Edina, (H2) 1,562 Edinburg, (E2).... 200 Edna, (N8) 1,209 Eldon, (06) 1,999 Eldorado Springs, (E7) 2,503 Elkton, (F7) 130 Ellington. (L8) 500 Elliott, (H4) 200 Ellsinore, (L9) 350 Elmer, (03) 512 Elmira. (D3) 150 Elmo. (Bl) 342 Elsberry, (L4) 1,018 Elsey, (E9) 130 Elston, (H5) 110 Elvins, (M7) 2,071 Emden, (J3) 100 Eminence, (K8)... 400 Emma, (E5) 100 Eolia, (K4) 343 Essex, (N9) 548 Esther, (M7) 800 Ethel, (03) 423 Eugene, (H6) 195 Eureka, (L5) 500 Everton, (E8) 522 Evona. (D2) 130 Ewing. (J2) 327 Excello. (H3) 150 Excelsior. (06) 130 Excelsior Springs, (D4) 3,900 Exeter, (E9) 375 Fairfax, (B2) 666 Fairfield, (F6) ISO Fairgrove, (F8).... 150 Fairhaven, (D7).. 62 Fairmont, (J2) 300 Fairplay, (E7).... 421 Fairport, (D3) 250 Fairview, (D9) 300 Fairville, (F4) 130 Farber, (J4) 305 Farley, (C4) 96 Farmington, (M7) 2,613 Faucett, (C3) 130 Fayette, (04) 2,585 Fayelteville, (ES).. 200 Federal. (L7) 499 Fenton. (MS) 172 Ferguson. (MS),.. 1.658 Fernridge. (M5)... 150 Fertile. (L7) 100 Festus. (M5) 2.556 Fillmore. (C2) 232 Fisk. (M9) 1.000 Flag Springs. (C2) 110 Flat River. (L7)...S,112 Fleming, (D4) 650 Flemington, (F7).. 250 Florida, (J4) 200 Florisant, (MS).... 765 Foley, (L4) 227 Forbes, (B3) 300 Fordland, (08).... 350 Forest City. (B3).. 534 Forest Park, (E9).. 478 Foristell, (LS) 250 Fornfelt, (N8) 1,000 Forsyth, (F9) 187 Fortuna, (05) 203 Foster. (D6) 318 Fox. (E4) 100 Frankclay. (L7). .. 350 Frankford, (K4)... 793 Franklin Junction, (04) 100 Fr^dericktown, (M7) 2,632 Freeburg, 06) 331 Freeman, (CS) 251 Freistatt, (E8) 250 Fremont, (K9).... ISO French Village, (M7) 100 Frisco, (N9) 200 Fristoe, (F6) 100 Frohna, (N7) 200 Fruitland, (N8)... 230 Fulton, (J5) 5,228 Gainesville, (H9).. 195 Galena, (F9) 353 Galesburg, (D8)... 100 Gallatin. (D3). ... 1,825 Gait. (F2) 583 Garden City, (D5) 713 Gasconade, (J5). . . 100 Oatcwood. (K9)... 110 Oiiyoso, (NIO) 150 Gentry, (D2) 226 Gentryville, (D2).. 250 Georgetown. (F5). . 100 Gerald. (K6) 225 Gerster, (E7) 150 Gibbs. (H2) 226 Gibson. (MIO).... 143 Gideon. (NIO) 702 Gifford, (02) 58 Gilliam, (F4) 299 Oilman City, (E2) 537 Glasgow, (G4) 1,507 Glcnallen, (M8)... 106 Olendale, (MS).... 200 Olensted. (OS).... 150 Glenwood, (01)... 375 Golden, (E9) 150 Golden City, (D8) 882 Gooch Mill, (G5).. 130 Goodman, (D9)... 100 Goodson. (F7) 110 Gordonville, (N8).. 170 Oorin,(J2) 84 Oower, (C3) 370 Graham, (B2) 365 Grain Valley, (D4) 133 Granby, (D9) 2,442 Grandin, (L9) 700 Grand Pass, (F4).. 200 Orandview, (D5).. 250 Granger, 02) 250 Oraniteville, (L7).. 400 Grant City, (D2).. 1.207 Granville. (H3).... 150 Graphite, (M8) 200 Grayson, (C3) 130 Gray Summit, (L6) 240 Greenbrier, (M8).. 100 Green Castle. (02). 454 Green City. (F2)... 844 Greenfield, (E8) ...1,434 Green Ridge, (FS) 436 Greentop, (02).... 275 Greenville. (MS)... 914 Greenwood, (DS).. 300 Gregg, (C8) 400 Orover, (LS) 100 Guilford, (C2) 207 GunnCity, (DS)... 150 Guthrie. (HS) 130 Hale, (F3) 587 Half Rock, (F2)... 130 Half Way, (F7)... 100 Halleck. (C3) 130 Halls, (C3) 150 Hallsville, (H4).... 195 Hamburg. (LS).... 200 Hamilton, (D3).... 1,761 Hancock, (H7).... 120 Hannibal. (K3).. 18.341 Hardin, (E4) 635 Harris, (F2) 39S Harrisburg, (H4).. 146 Harrisonville, (DS) 1,947 Hartsburg, (HS)... 175 Hartshorn, (J8)... 250 Hartville. (H8).... 507 Hartwell, (E6).... 100 Harviell. (M9).... 201 Harwood. (D7).... 208 Hatfield. (Dl) 150 Hawk Point, (KS) 299 Hayti, (NIO) 1,057 Hayward, (NIO)... 150 Hazel Run, (M7).. 100 Helena, (C3) 200 Helwig, (B2) 100 Hematite. (L6) 300 Hemple. (C3) 130 Henderson, (F8)... 200 Henderson Mound, (09) 191 Hendrickson, (M9) 200 Henley, (H6) 150 Henrietta, (E4).... 443 Herculaneum, (M6) 300 Hermann, (KS).... 1.592 Hermitage. (F7)... 300 Hibbard. (09) 1,243 Hickman Mills, (DS) 200 Higbee, (04) 1,215 Higginsville, (E4)..2,628 High Hill. (KS).... 300 Highlandville. (F9) 100 High Point, (06).. 190 Hillsboro, (L6).... 261 Hillside, (MS) 250 Hinton, (H4) 180 Hiram, (M8) 140 Hogan, (L7) 100 Holcomb, (NIO)... 279 Holden. (ES) 2.007 Holland, (NIO).... 280 Holliday. (H3).... 262 Hollister. (F9) 200 Hollywood. (MIO) 36 Holstein.(KS) 400 Holt, (D4) 3.16 Holts Summit, (H5) 130 Hopewell Academy, (KS) 260 Hopkins, (CD 909 Hornersville. (MIO) 390 Hough. (N9) 250 Houston, iiS) 644 Houstonia, (F5). . . 349 Howell. (LS) 100 Hughesville. (FS).. 200 Hulston. (E8) 100 Humansville. (E7) 913 Hume, (C6) 514 Humphreys, (F2).. 292 Hunnewell, (J3)... 406 Hunterville. (N9).. 230 Huntsdale, (HS)... 91 Hunlsville, (04)... 2.247 Hurdland, (H2)... 322 Hurley, (F9) 100 Hutlon Valley, (J9) 100 Hyman, (N9) 100 lantha, (D7) 250 latan, (C4) 125 Iberia. (H6) 428 Idalia, (N9) 200 lllasco, (K3) 150 Illmo, (N8) 976 Independence, (D4) 9,859 Ionia. (F6) 100 Irondale. (L7) 338 Ironton. (L7) 721 Jackson. (N8) 2,105 Jacksonville. (H3).. 200 Jameson. (E2) 358 Jamesport. (E3)... 611 Jamestown, (HS). . 305 Jane. (D9) 200 Jasper, (D8) 664 Jefferson Barracks, (M6) 800 JEFFERSON CITY,(HS )....! 1.850 Jennings, (MS) 800 Jerico Springs, (D7) 395 Jerome, (J7) 100 Johnstown, (D6). .. 84 Jonesburg, (K5)... 456 Joplin. (D8) 32,073 Josephville, (LS). .. 260 Kahoka, 02) 1,758 Kansas City, (C4) 248,381 Kearney, (D4) 631 Keener, (M9) 150 Kelso, (N8) 190 Kennett, (MIO). . .3,033 Kenoraa, (D8) 100 Keota, (03) 750 Keystone, (D3) 100 Keytesville, (04).. 963 Kidder. (D3) 306 Kiramswick, (M6) 235 Kingbee, (L9) 150 King City, (C2)... 966 Kingston, (D3).... 535 Kingsville, (DS)... 238 Kinloch. (MS) 350 Kirbyville, (F9)... 100 Kirksville, (02)... 6,347 Kirkwood. (MS)... 4,171 Kissee Mills. (09).. 100 Knob Lick. (M7).. 260 Knobnoster. (ES).. 670 Knobview, (J6) 260 Knox City, 02)... 395 Knoxville. (04)... 100 Koeltztown, (H6).. 250 Koshkonong, 09).. 452 La Belle. 02) 1,017 Laclede, (F3) 740 Laddonia. (J4) 614 LaDue. (E6) 310 Laflin. (N8) 100 La Orange. (J2)... 1,360 Lakenan, 03) 137 Lamar, (D8) 2,316 Lamonte, (F5) 684 Lanagan. (D9) ISO Lancaster. (HI)... 964 Lanton, (J9) 150 La Plata. (H2). ... 1,605 Laredo, (F2) 758 Larussell, (D8) 261 Latham, (05) 250 Lathrop, (D3) 1,038 Latour. (D5) 130 Lawrenceburg, (E8) 100 Lawson. (D4) 604 Leadwood,(L7) 700 Uasburg, (K6).... 200 Lebanon, (07). .. .2,4.10 Lecoma. (J7) 200 Leeds. (D4) 100 Leeper, (L8) 500 Lees Summit, (D5) 1,455 Leesville, (E6) 150 Leeton, (ES) 420 Lemonville. (F2)... ISO Leonard. (H3) 180 Leslie. (K6) 200 Lesterville. (L8)... 250 Levasy, (D4). .... 66 Lewis Station. (E6) 250 Lewistown, (J2)... 405 Lexington. (E4)... 5.242 Liberal, (C7) 800 Liberty. (D4) 2.980 Libertyville. (M7) 100 Licking. (J8) 351 Lilbourn, (N9).... 484 Lincoln. (F6) .336 Linden. (04) 200 Linkville. (C4).... 100 Linn, {]6) 532 Linncreek, (06) . . . 435 Linneus, (F3) 882 Lisbon. (04) 100 Lithium, (N7) 98 Littlerock, (G4)... 150 Livonia. (02) 250 Lock Spring. (E3).. 255 Lockwood. (E8)... 961 Logan, (E8) 100 Lohman, (HS) 100 Lonejack. (DS).... 140 Longlane. (07).... 140 Longtown, (N7)... 158 Longwood, (F5)... 200 Loose Creek. (JS).. 100 Louisburg. (F7)... 100 Louisiana. (K4)... 4,454 Lowndes. (M8).... 130 Lowcjr City, tE6).. 462 LowWossie. (K8).. 180 Lucerne, (F2) 264 Ludlow, (E3) 380 Lupus, (HS) 164 Luray, 02) 163 Lutesville, (M8)... 551 Luxemberg. (MS). . 150 McCredie, 05) 200 McFall, (D2) 385 McGirk, (HS) 100 McKittrick, (K5).. 127 Macks Creek, (07) 150 Macon, (H3) 3,584 Madison, (H4) 538 Maitland, (B2).... 736 Maiden. (M9) 2,116 Malta Bend, (F4).. 399 Manchester, (L5). . 630 Manes, (H8) 110 Manley, (MIO) 100 Mansfield, (08)... 477 Maplcwood, (MS) 4,976 Marble Hill, (N8).. 313 Marceline, (03)... 3,920 Marionville, (E8).. 1,272 Marquand, (M8).. 339 Marshall. (F4). .. .4,859 Marshfield, (08).. 1,193 Marston, (N9) 258 Marthasville, (KS) 500 Martin City, (CS).. 150 Martinsburg, 04) . . 436 Martinstown, (02) 150 Martinsville. (D2) 88 Marys Home, (H6) 100 Maryville, (C2)... 4,762 Mascot, (F8) 200 Matthews. (N9)... 237 Maxville, (M6) 140 Maysville, (D3)... 1,051 Mayview. (E4) 308 Maywood, (J3) . . . . 250 Meadville, (F3)... 580 Medill, 02) 130 Medoc, (C8) 150 Mehlville, (MS)... 340 Melbourne. (E2). . . HI Memphis, (H2) 1,984 Mendon, (F3) 408 Mendota, (01).... 500 Meramec Highlands, (MS) 150 Mercer, (El) 533 Merwin, (C6) 195 Meta, (H6) 399 Metz, (D6) 240 Mexico, 04) 5,939 Miami. (F4) 431 Miami Station. (F4) 100 Micola. (NIO) 100 Middlebrook, (L7) 80 Middlegrovc, (H4) 88 Middletown, (K4) 323 Midland, (MS).... 300 Milan. (F2) 2,191 Milford, (D7) 250 Millard. (02) 170 Miller. (E8) 343 Millersburg, (HS).. 100 Millersville, (N8).. 99 Mill Grove. (E2)... 280 Millspring. (L8)... 230 Millville. (E4) 110 Millwood. (K4).... 75 Milo. (D7) 128 Minaville. (D4)... , 140 Mindenraines, (C8) 591 MineLamotte, (M7) 400 Mineola, (K5) 170 Mineral Point, (L7) 290 Mineral Spring, (E9) SO Mirabile. (D3) 250 Missouri City. (D4) S59 Moberly, (H4). .. 10,923 Modena, (E2) HI Mokane, 05) 645 Monarch, (LS).... 250 Monegaw Springs, (E6) 122 Monett. (E9) 4.177 Monroe City. 03). 1,949 Monteer, (J9) 130 Montevallo, (D7).. 146 Montgomery City, (K5) 1,789 Monticello, 02)... 283 Montreal, (07) 100 Montrose, (E6) 667 Montserrat, (ES).. 157 Moody, (H9) 150 Mooresville, (E3).. 205 Morehouse. (N9).. 1,636 Morley. (N8) 494 Morrellton. (1.6)... 130 Morrison. (J5) 257 Morrisville. (F8).. 360 Morton, (E4) 130 Moscow, (C4) 100 Moscow Mills, (LS) 395 Moselle. (L6) 148 Mound City, (B2) 1,575 Moundville, (D7).. 247 Mountain Grove, (H8) 1,722 Mountainview, (J8) 552 Mount Leonard, (F4) 250 Mount Moriah, (E2) 350 Mount Pleasant, (MS) SOO Mount Vernon, (E8) 1,161 Mount Washington, (D4) ISO Mumford, (F8).... 100 Myrtle. (K9) 100 Napier, (B2) 120 Napoleon, (D4).... 146 Napton, (F4) 150 Nashville, (D8).... 110 Naylor, (L9) 406 Neck, (D8) 528 Neelyville, (M9).. 241 Nelson. (F4) 480 Neosho, (D9) 3,661 Nettleton, CE3).... 200 Nevada, (D7) 7,176 Newark, (J2) 217 New Bloomfield, (H5) 300 New Boston, (03) 100 Newburg, (J7) 932 New Cambria, (03) 387 New Conception, (C2) 132 New Florence, (K5) 424 New Frankfort, (G4) 250 New Franklin, (04) 794 New Hamburg, (N8) 120 New Hampton, (D2) 4.56 New Haven, (KS).. 855 Newhope. (L4) 160 New Lebanon, (05) 100 New London, (K3) 942 New Madrid, (N9) 1,882 New Market, (C3) 120 NewMelle, (LS)... 250 New Offenburg, (M7) 350 New Point, (B2)... 100 Newport, (D7) 100 Newtonia, (D9)... 293 Newtown, (F2) 261 Niangua, (08) 250 Nichols. (F8) 200 Nixa, (F8) 276 Nodaway, (C3) 100 Noel, (D9) 300 Norbome, (E4) 1,241 Normandy, (M5).. 200 North Kansas City, (C4) 360 North Salem, (02) 130 Northview, (08)... 78 Norwood, (H8) 250 Novelty, (H2) 232 Novinger, (02) 1,711 Nursery, (MS) 100 Nye, (M9) 130 Oak Grove, (D4)... 641 Oakhill.(K6) 130 Oakridge, (N7).... 256 Oakville, (M6) 500 Oakwood, (K3) 400 Odessa, (ES) 1,531 O'Fallon, (LS) 600 Ohiman, (K8) 180 Old Mines, (L6)... 400 Old Monroe. (LS).. 251 Old Orchard, (MS) 2.500 Olean, (G6) 214 Olivette, (MS) 300 Olney, (K4) 170 Oran, (N8) 1,023 Oregon, (B3) 1,002 Oronogo, (D8) 1,912 Orrick, (D4) 435 Osage City. (HS)... 220 Osaka, (09) 130 Osbom, (D3) 350 Osceola, (E5) 1,114 Osgood, (F2) 204 Otterville, (FS) . . . 453 Overland. (MS)... 500 Owen Mills, (J6)... 50 Owensville, (K6)... 677 Oxford. (C2) 130 Oxly. (L9) 200 Ozark, (F8) 813 Pacific, (L6) 1,418 Palmer, (L7) 100 Palmyra, 03) 2,158 Panama, (D5) 400 Papinsville, (D6).. 87 Paradise, (D4) 100 Paris, (J4) 1,474 Parkville, (C4).... 755 Parma. (N9) 905 Parnell, (C2) 438 Pascola, (NIO).... 1.30 Patsy. (K7) 100 Patterson. (L8) ISO Patton.(M7) 200 Pattonsburg. (D2) 1,044 Paulding. (MIO)... 150 Paynesville, (L4).. 370 Peakesville. (JD... 70 Peculiar, (C5) 205 Peers, (K5) 100 Pendleton, (KS)... 100 Perrin, (D3) 130 Perry, 04) 895 Perryville. (N7)... 1,708 Pevely, (M6) 130 Phelps, (E8) 170 Phelps City, (A2).. 97 Phenii. (E8) 450 Philadelphia, 03).. 199 Phillipsburg, (07) 200 Pickering, (C2).... 264 Piedmont. (L8). ... 1.154 Pierce City, (E9).. 2.043 Pilot Grove. (OS).. 654 Pilot Knob, (L7).. 445 Pine Lawn. (MS).. 200 Pineville, (D9) 500 Pioneer, (D9) 100 Pittsburg. (F7).... 100 Plato, (H7) 100 Platte City, (C4).. 763 PlattsburK.(D3)... 1,650 Pleasant Green. (OS) 68 Pleasant Hill. (D5) 2,055 Pleasant Hope. (F8) 300 Pocahontas, (N8).. 239 Point Pleasant, (NIO) 99 Pollock, (F2) 200 Polo, (D3) 525 Pomona, (J9) 200 Ponce de Leon, (F9) 250 Poplar Bluff, (M9) 6,916 Port.ige Des Sioux, (MS) 218 Portagcville, (NIO) 987 Portland, (J5) 280 Postoak, (E5) 100 Potosi. (L7) 772 Powersvillc, (Fl).. 500 Prairie Hill. (03) . 113 Prairie Home, (OS) 184 Preston, (F7; loo Princeton, (E2) 1,385 Prospect Hill, (MS) ISO Prosperity, (D8). . .1,200 Protem, (09) loO Purcell, (D8) 994 Purdin, (F3) 337 Purdy, (E9) 459 Puxico, (M9) 814 Queen City, (02).. 701 Quincy, (F6) 190 Quitman, (B2) 231 Qulin, (M9) 500 Racine, (C9) 110 Racola, (L6) 100 Randolph, (C4).... 123 Ravanna, (F2) 251 Ravenwood, ((i2 ) . . 341 Raymondville. (J8) 100 Raymore. (DS) 218 Rayville, (04) 239 Rea, (C2) 210 Red Bird, 06) 100 Reeds, (D8) 298 Reeds Spring, (F9) 300 Reger, (F2) 250 Rembert, (G8) 250 Renick, (H4) 213 Republic, (F8) 884 Revere, (J2) 196 Reynolds, (K8) 250 Rhineland, (JS)... 190 Richards, (C7) 303 Rich Rountain, (J6) 130 Rich Hill, (D6).... 2,755 Richland, (H7)... . 884 Richmond. (E4)... 3.664 Richwoods, (L6). . . 180 Ridgeway, (E2).... 841 Risco. (N9) 100 Ritchey, (D9) 310 River Aux Vases, (M7) 170 Roanoke, (04).... 110 Rocheport. (05)... 434 Rochester, (C3)... 200 Rockbridge, (H9).. 100 Rockhill, (MS).... 150 Rockport, (B2).... 1,053 Rockview, (N8).... 130 Rockville, (D6)... 565 Rocky Comfort, (D9) 300 Rockymount, (06) 75 Rogersville, (F8).. 650 Rolla, 0') 2,261 Rombauer, (M9).. 200 Roscoe, (E7) 182 Rosebud, (K6).... 200 Rosendale, (C2)... 359 Rothville. (F3).... 245 Ruegg. (MS) 100 Rush Hill, 04).... 168 Rushville, (C3) 566 Russellville. (HS).. 335 Rutledge, (H2).... '418 Saint Aubert. 05) 100 Saint Catharine, (03) 127 Saint Charles, (LS) 9,437 Saint Clair, (L6)... 397 Saint Elizabeth, (H6) 150 Saint Francisville, (J2) 100 Saint Francois, (M7) 1,400 Saint Genevieve, (M7) 1,967 Saint James, (J6).. 1,100 Saint John, (FD... 190 SaintJoseph,(C3) 77,403 Saint Louis, (MS) 687,029 Saint Marys, (N7) 702 Saint Paul. (L5)... 200 Saint Peters, (LS). . 269 Saint Thomas, (H6) 130 Salem, (D2) 349 Salem, 07) I,'95 Salisbury, (04). ... 1,834 Sandyhook, (HS).. 71 Santa Fe, (J4) 300 Sappington, (MS).. 100 Sarcoxie, (08) 1,311 Sargent, (H8) 180 Savannah, (C3).... 1,583 Saverton, (K3).... 120 Sawyer, (M9) 100 Schell City, (D6).. 552 Schcve. (L6) SO Schlfcht, (H7) 100 Scotland, (D8).... 150 Sedalia, (FS). ... 17,822 Sedgewickville, (N7) 130 Seligman, (E9).... 400 Senath, (MIO). ... 1,029 Seneca, (C9) 981 Seventysix,(N7)... 150 Seymour. (08) .... 590 Shackelford. (F4) . 100 Shawneetown, (N7) 120 Shelbina, (H3). .. .2.174 Shelbyville, (H3). . 685 Sheldon, (D7) 528 Sheridan, (CI).... 409 Sibley. (D4) 200 Sikeston. (N9) 3,327 Silex. (K4) 276 Siloam Springs, (H9) 86 Simmons, (H8).... 140 Skidmore. (B2).... 562 Slater, (F4) 3.238 Sligo. (K7) 300 Smithfield, (C8)... 500 Smithton, (FS).... 346 Smithville, (C4)... 580' Snyder, (F3) 185 South Gifford. (03) 148 SouthOorin.(H2). . 746 South Greenfield, (E8) 274 South Lineville, (El) 77 South West City, (C9) 483 Sparta, (F9) 271 INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES (missouri-montana-nebraska) 35 j Speed, (G5) 100 Spickard, (E2).... 638 Spoonerville, (MIO) 241 Sprague, (D6) 156 Spring City, (C9).. 150 Springfield, (F8).. 35,201 Springfork, (FS)... 1,?0 Spring Garden, (H6) 60 Sprott, (M7) 150 Spurgeon, (D9) 250 Stahl, (G2) 300 Stantwrry, (C2)...2,121 Stark City, (D9) ... 200 Steele, (NIO) 500 Steelville. (K7) 773 Steffenville, (J3)... 120 Stella, (D9) 180 Stephens Store, (H5) 150 Stewartsville, (C3) 543 Stockton, (E7)... . 590 Stotesbury, (C7)... 159 Stotts City, (E8).. 548 Stoutland, (G7)... 250 Stoutsville, (J3)... 315 Stover, (G6) 386 Strafford, (F8).... 300 Strasburg, (D5). .. 350 Stratmann, (MS).. 250 Sturgeon, (H4).... 663 Sue City, (H3).... 100 Sugar Creek, (D4) 500 Sullivan, (K6) 934 Sulphur Springs, (M6) 200 Summersville, (J8) 236 Sumner, (F3) 394 Swedeborg, (H7).. 100 Sweet Springs, (F5) 1,122 Syenite, (M7) 200 Syracuse, (G5).,.. 193 Taberville, (E6). . . 150 Taft, (L9) 60 Taneyville, (F9)... 100 Taos, (H6) 100 Tarkio, (B2) 1,966 Tea, (K6) 100 Tebbetts, (15) 200 Teresita, (J9) ISO Thayer, (J9) 1,613 Thomas Hill, (G3) 100 Thomasville, (J9) . . 100 Thomfield, (G9)... 100 Tiff City, (C9) 57 Tina, (F3) 304 Tindall, (E2) 100 Tipton, (G5) 1,273 Topozark, (L7).... 60 Tracy, (C4) 176 Trask, as) 90 Treloar, (K5) 43 Trenton, (E2) 5,656 Trimble, (C4) 222 Triplett, CF4) 473 Troy, (K5) 1,120 Truxton, (K4) 280 Tumey, (D3) 212 Tuscumbia, (H6).. 285 Tuxedo, (M5) 800 Tyler, (NIO) 180 Uhnan, (H6) 120 Union, (L6) 934 Union Star, (C3)... 388 Uniontown, (N7).. 210 Unionville, (F2)... 2,000 University, (M5).. 2,417 Urbana, (F7) 150 Urich, (D6) 484 Utica, (E3) 500 Valley Park, (L5).. 1,800 Vanburen, (L9).... 400 Vandalia, (J4) 1,595 Vanduser, (N9) .... 388 Verona, (E9) 446 Versailles, (G6). .. .1,598 Vibbard, (D4) 110 Vichy, (J6) 200 Victoria, (L6) 190 Vienna, (J6) 300 VUla Ridge, (L6).. 150 Viola, (E9) 100 Vista, (E7) 100 Waco, (C8) 150 Wakenda, (F4).... 279 Waldron, (C4) 160 Walker, (D7) 364 Wallace, (C3) 160 Walnut Grove, (E8) 600 Wappapello, (M9) 180 Warren, (J3) 100 Warrensburg, (E5) 4,689 Warrenton, (K5).. 795 Warsaw, (F6) 824 Washburn, (E9)... 219 Washington, (KS) 3,670 Watson, (A2) 245 Waverly, (E4) 777 Wayland, (J2) 384 WaynesviUe, (H7) 257 Weatherby, (D3).. 171 Weaubleau, (F7)... 347 Webb City, (C8).. 11,817 Webster Groves, (M5) 7,080 Wellington, (E4)... 558 Wellston, (MS) 7,312 Wellsville,(K4).... 1,194 Wentworlh, (D9).. 154 Wentzville, (L5)... 539 Wesco, (K7) 100 Westalton, (M5). .. 300 Westboro, (Bl).... 333 West Fork, (K7)... 120 West Line, (C5)... 120 Weston, (C4) 1,019 Westphalia, (H6). . 321 Westphiins, OS)- -2,914 Westville, (G3).... 150 Wheatland, (F7)... 400 Wheaton, (E9).... 200 Wheeling, {¥$).... 490 Whiteoak, (NIO).. 250 Whiteside, (L4)... 129 Whitesville, (C2).. 290 Whitewater, (N8).. 250 Whitham, (F3).... 250 Whiting, (09) 242 Wilby. (M9) 100 Wilcox, (C2) 100 Willard, (F8) 160 Williamsburg, (J5) 140 Williamstown, (J2) 204 Williamsville, (M9) . 477 Willmathsville, (H2) 100 Willow Springs, (H8) 1,401 Wilton, (HS) 120 Winchester, 02)... 150 Windom, (MS).... 300 Windsor, (ES) 2,241 Winfield, (L5) 422 Winigan, (G2) 170 Winkler, (J7) 100 Winona, (K8) 444 Winston, (D3) 2S7 Wittenberg, {N7).. 87 Wooldridge, (G5).. 11» Woollam, (J6) 160 Worland, (C6).... 159 Worth, (D2) 150 Worthington, (G2) 200 Wright City, (K5) 377 Wyaconda, 02)... 480 Wyatt, (09) 150 Wylie, (D9) 200 Yates, (G4) 200 Zaima, (M8) 200 Zincite, (C8) 1,00a MONTANA Albright, (F2) 130 Alder, (D4) 150 Aldridge, (E4) 300 Anaconda, (C3)... 10,134 Argo, (E3)- 110 Arlee, (B2) 100 Armington, (F2)... 100 Armstead, (D5)... 300 Augusta, (D2) 240 Avon, (D3) 100 Bainville, (Ml) 150 Baldbutte, (D3)... 150 Ballantine, (H4)... 100 Bannack, (C4) ISO Basin, (D3) 650 Bearcreek, (G4) 302 Bearmouth, (C3).. 100 Belfry, (G4) 150 Belgrade, (E4) 561 Belknap, (A2) 100 Belt, (F2) 1,158 Bemice, (D3) 100 Bigfork, (CD 400 Big Sandy, (FD... 100 Bigtimber, (F4)... 1,022 Billings, (H4) 10,031 Blossburg, (D3)... 250 Bocoer, (C3) 700 Boulder, (D3) 1,300 Bowler, (H4). 100 Bozeman, (F4) S,107 Bridger, (04) 514 Briston. (C4) 100 Broadview, (H3)... 200 Browning, (CI) 100 Butte, (D4) 39,165 Cameron, (E4) 100 Canyon Ferry, (E3) 100 Carroll, (C3) 750 Oscade, (E2) 400 Castle, (F3) 100 Centerville, (D4)... 2,500 Chestnut, (E4) 150 Chinook, (Gl) 780 Chouteau, (D2) 570 Clancey, (E3) 300 Coalville, (G4) 200 Columbia Falls, (Cl)-601 Columbus, (G4)... 521 Conrad, (El) 888 Cooke, (F4) 100 Corbin, (D3) ISO Craig, (D2) 100 Crow Agency, {J4). 100 Culbertson, (Ml).. 528 CutBaQk,(Dl)... 250 Dagmar, (Ml) 200 Dayton, (B2) 100 Deborgia, (A2) 150 Deerl,odge,(D3).. 2,570 Dillon, (D4) 1,835 Divide, (D4) 100 Dodson, (HI) 100 Drummond, (D3).. 350 Dupuyer, (Dl) 380 East Helena, (E3).. 1,200 Eddy, (A2) 100 Ekalaka, (M4) 180 Electric, (F4) 400 Elkhorn, (E3) 150 Elkpark, (D3) 100 Elliston, (D3) 200 Eureka, (Bl) 603 Fairview, (M2) 100 Fallon, (L3) 100 Family, (Dl) 130 Forsyth, (K3) 1,398 Fort Benton, (F2) . 1,004 FortKeogh, (L3)-. 100 Fort Maginnis,(G2) 100 Fort Shaw, (E2) ... 380 Frenchtown, (B3).. 300 Fromberg, (H4).... 300 Gardinj, (Fi) 500 Gameill, (G3) 150 Garnet, (C3) 250 Garrison, (D3) 100 Gateway, (Bl) 150 Gilt Edge, (02) 300 Glasgow, (Kl) 1,158 Glendive, (M2) 2,428 Gould, (D3) 100 Granite, (03) 350 Grant, (04).. 100 Grantsdale, (B3)... 190 GreatFaIU,(E2).. 13,948 Gregson, (D4) 100 Hamilton, (B3) 2,240 Hardin, (J4) 2S0 Harlem, (HI) 383 Harlowton, (03)... 770 Harrison, (E4) 150 Hassel, (E3) 100 Havre, (01) .3,624 Hays, (HI) 500 HELENA, (E3)... 12,515 Henderson, (A2)... 200 Heron, (Al) 150 Highwood, (F2)... 100 Hinsdale, (Kl) 180 Hobson, (02) 200 Hoffman, (F4) 200 Hogan,(D2) 100 Huntley, (H4) 250 Hylent, (A2) 250 Iron Mountain,(A2) 310 Ismay, (M3) 300 Tardine, (F4) 110 Jefferson City, (E3) 100 Jennings. (Al) 100 Tessup, (Bl) 200 Jocko, (B2) 550 Joliet, (04) 389 Judith Gap, (03).. 200 Junction, (J3) 100 Kalispcll, (Bl) S,S49 Kendall, (02) 1,200 Lamedeer. (K4) 1,550 Laurel, (H4) 806 Laurin, (D4) 100 Lavina, (03) 100 Lewistown, (02).. . 2,992 Libby, (Al) 630 Lima, (D5) 390 Livingston, (F4)... 5,359 Logan, (E4) 150 Lothrop, (B3) 250 Maiden, (02) ICO Malta, (Jl) 433 Mammoth, (D4)... 100 Manhattan, (E4).. 300 Marysville, (D3)... 2,000 Meaderville, (D3).. 1,850 Meadow Creek, (E4) 100 Melrose, (D4) 200 Melstone, (J3) 200 Miles City, (L3)... 4,697 Missoula, (C3) 12,869 Monarch, (F2) 300 Mondak, (Ml) 350 Moore, (02) S73 Musselshell, 03).. 150 Neihart, (F3) 268 New Chicago, (03). 200 Noxon, (A2) 100 Oldham, (Fl) ISO Paradise, (B2) 250 Park City, (H4)... 400 Philipsburg, (03)... 1,109 Plains, (B2) 481 Poison, (B2) 300 Pony, (E4) 369 Poplar, (LI) 200 Radersburg, (E3).. 370 Rancher, 03) 130 Red Lodge, (04)... 4,860 Riedel, (Gl) 150 Rimini (D3) 100 Rocker, (D4) 100 Rosebud, (K3) 250 Roundup, (H3) 1,513 Ruby, (D4) 200 Saco, (Jl) 200 Saint Peter, (D2).. 380 Saint Regis, (A2).. 350 Saltese, (A2) 350 Sandcoulee, (E2)... 2,000 Shannon, (E3) 100 Shelby, (El) 200 Sheridan, (D4) 399 Shirley, (L3) 100 Sidney, (M2) 300 Silesia, (H4) 110 Silverbow, (D4)... 100 Smelter, (E2) 210 Snowshoe, (Al) 100 Somers, (Bl) 750 Stacey, (L4) 130 Stanford, (F2) 200 Stevensville, (C3).. 796 Stockett, (E2) 1,400 Storrs, (F4) 100 Sun River, (E2)... 450 Superior, (B2) 150 Sweetgrass, (Dl)... 200 Taft, fA2) 100 Terry, (L3) 700 Thompson, (A2)... 500 Thompson Falls, (A2)_. 325 Three Forks, (E4).. 674 Toston, (E3) 150 Townsend, (E3)... 759 Trident, {E4) 150 Troy, (Al) 200 Twin Bridges, (D4). 491 Twodot, (F3) 20O Victor, (B3) 374 Virginia City, (E4). 467 Walkerville,(D3).. 2,491 Warmsprings, (D3) lOO Washoe, (04) 300 Whitefish, (Bl) 1,479 Whitehall, (E4).... 417 White Sulphur Springs, (F3) 417 Wibaux, (M3) 487 Wickes, (D3) 200 Willow Creek, (E4). 20O Windham, (F2) 100 Winston, (E3) 150 Wisdom, (04) 250 Zortnian.(H2) iHX NEBRASKA Abie, (P5) 210 Adams, (P7) 647 Ainsworth, 02) 1,045 Albion, (M4) 1,584 Alda, (L6) 100 Alexandria, (07)... 447 Allen, (P3) 371 Alliance, (C3) 3,105 Alma, (K7) 1,066 Alvo, (Q6) 230 Amherst, (K6) 256 , Anoka, (L2) 145 Anselmo, 04) 351 Ansley, (KS) 700 Arapahoe, 07) 901 Arcadia, (KS) 618 Arlington, (Q5) 645 Armour, (Q7) 100 Arnold, (H5) 231 Ashland, (Q5) 1,379 Ashton, (L5) 404 Asylum, (P6) 600 Atkinson, (L2) 810 AtlanU, 07) 250 Auburn, (R7) 2 729 Aurora, (M6) 2,630 Avoca, (06) 249 AxteU, (K7) 394 Ayr, (M7) 142 Bancroft, (P3) 742 Barada, (R7) 118 Bamston, (P7) 228 Bartlett, (L4) 100 Bartley, (H7) 511 Bassett, (K2) 383 BatUe Creek, (N4). 597 Bayard, (B4) 261 Bazile Mills, (N2).. 77 Beatrice, (P7) 9,356 Beaver City, 0')-- 975 Beaver Crossmg, (06) 542 Bee, (05) 207 Beemer, (P4) 494 Belden, (03) 247 Belgrade, (M5) 400 Bellevue, (R5) 596 BeUwood, (05) 397 Belvidere, (N7) 475 Benedict, (N6) 336 Benkelman, (FT).. 538 Bennet, (P6) 457 Bennmgton, (QS).. 276 Benson, (Q5) 3,170 Berlin, (Q6) 196 Bertrand, (J 6) 643 Berwyn, 05) 100 > Bethany, (P6) 948 Bigspring, (DS)... 140 Bladen, (L7) 494 Blair, (Q4) 2,584 Bloomfield, (N2)... 1,264 Bloomington, (K7). 507 BlueHUi;(M7) 761 Blue Springs, (P7). 712 Boelus, (LS) 233 Bostwick, (M7) 150 Bradshaw. (N6)... 359 Brady, (HS) 308 Brainard, (OS) 465 Brewster, 04) 230 Bridgeport, (B4)... 541 Bristow, (L2) 175 Brock, (R7) 434 BrokenBow, 05).. 2,260 Brownville, (R7)... 457 Brule, (E5) 120 Bruning, (N7) 353 Bruno, (PS) 245 Brunswick, (M3).. 278 Burchard, (Q7) 315 Burkett, (M6) 400 Burr, (Q6) 113 Burton, 02) 100 Burwell, (K4) 915 Butte, (L2) 550 Byron, (N7) 184 Cairo, (LS) 364 Callaway, 05) 765 Cambridge, {H7)... 1,029 Campbell, (L7) 573 Carleton, (N7) 410 Carroll, (03) 382 Cedar Bluffs, (P5).. 500 Cedar Creek, (05).. 180 Cedar Rapids, (M4) 576 Center, (N2) 119 Central City, (MS). 2,428 Ceresco, (PS) 296 Chadron, (02) 2,687 Chapman, (M5) 266 Chappell, (DS) 329 Cheney, (P6) 100 Chester, (N7) 560 Clarks, (N5) 60S Clarkson, (04) 647 Clatonia, (P7) 233 Clay Center, (N6).. 1,065 Clearwater, (M3).. 414 Cody, (F2) 185 Colendge, (02) 535 Collegeview, (P6).. 1,508 Colon, (PS) 160 Columbus, (OS) 5,014 Comstock, (K4)... 323 Concord, (P3) 198 Cook, (Q7) 387 Cordova, (06) 201 Comlea, (N4) 90 Cortland, (P7) 364 Cotesfield, (LS) 150 Cowles, (M7) 190 Cozad, (J6) 1,096 Crab Orchard, (P7). 274 Craig, ((D4) 339 Crawford, (B2) 1,323 Creighton, (N3)... 1,373 Creston, (04) 338 Crete, (06) 2,404 Crofton, (N2) 610 Crookston, (02)... 100 Culbertson, (07).. 580 Curtis, (06) 613 DakoU, (P3) 474 Dalton, (C5) 207 Danbury, (H7) 268 Dannebrog, (MS).. 380 Darr, (J6) 32 Davenport, (N7)... 484 Davey, (P6) 120 DavidCity, (05)... 2,177 Dawson, (R7) 340 Daykin, (07) 220 Decatur, (04) 782 Deshler, (N7) 609 Deweese, (M7) 200 DeWitt, {P7) 675 DUler, (P7) 506 Dbton, (P3) 217 Dodge, (P4) 661 Doniphan, (M6)... 399 Dorchester. (06)... 610 Douglas, (06) 305 DuBois, (Q7) 339 Dunbar, (06) 216 Duncan, (NS) 100 Dundee, (RS) 1,023 Dunning, (H4) 120 Dwight, (05) 184 Eagle, (Q6) 360 EddyviUe, 05) 254 Edgar, (N7) 1,080 Edison, 07) 334 Elba, (LS) 302 Elgin, (M4) 606 Elk Creek, (Q7)... 240 Elkhorn, (Q5) 291 Elm Creek, (K6)... 620 Elmwood, ((36) 635 EUie, (F6) 160 Elwood, 06) *6* Emerson, (P3) 838 Endicott, (07) 204 Ericson, (L4) 100 Eustis, (H6) 403 Ewing, (M3) 440 Exeter, (06) 916 Fairbury, (07) 5,294 Fairfield, (M7) 1,054 Fairmont, (N6) 921 FaIlsCity,(R7).... 3,255 Famam, (H6) 462 Farwell, (LS) 246 Filley, (P7) 194 Firth, {P6) 343 Florence, (QS) 1,526 FonUnelle, (Q4)... 100 Fort Calhoun, (Q5). 324 Fort Crook, (R5)..- 203 Fort Robinson, (A2) 220 Foster, (N3)- 122 Franklin, (L7) 949 Fremont, (PS) 8,718 Friend, (06) 1,261 FuUerton, (NS) 1,638 Gandy, (HS) 200 Garrison, (OS) 177 Geneva, (N6) 1,741 Genoa, (N5) 1,376 Gering, (A4> 627 Germantown, (P6). 275 Gibbon, (L6) 718 Gilead, (07) 181 Giltner, (M6) 300 Gladstone, (07)... 100 Glenville, (M6) 304 Goehner, (06) 110 Gordon, (D2) 920 Gothenburg, (H6).. 1,730 Grafton, (N6) 353 Grand Island,(M6) 10,326 Grant, (E6) 358 Greeley, (M4) 845 Greenwood, (Q6)... 3S7 Gresham, (OS) 344 Gretna, (QS) 484 Gross, (L2) HI Guide Rock, (M7)- 690 Hadar, (N3) 140 Haigler, (E7) 205 Hallim, (P6) 168 Hampton, (N6) 383 Harbme, (P7) 150 Hardy, (N7) 496 Harrisburg, (A4)... 140 Harrison, (A2) 186 Hartington, (02)... 1,413 Harvard, (M6) 1,102 Hastings, (M 6) 9,338 Havelock, (P6) 2,680 Hayes Center, (F6). 330 Hay Springs, (C2).. 408 Heartwell, (L6)... 100 Hebron, (N7) 1,778 Hemingford, (B3).. 272 Henderson, (N6)... 391 Hendley, 07) 238 Herman, (04) 345 Hcrshey, (OS) 332 388 450 414 3,030 170 Hickman, (P6)... Hildreth. (K7)..- Holbrook, (H7)... Holdrege.(K7)... HolmesvUle, (P7). Holstein, (L7) 323 Homer, (P3) 397 Hooper, (P4) 741 HordviUe, (NS).... 130 Hoskins, (03) 262 Howe, (R7) 160 Howell, (04) 800 Hubbard, (P3) 150 Hubbell, (N7) 295 Humboldt, (R7)... 1,176 Humphrey, (04)... 868 Huntington, (M6).. 410 Huntley, (K7) 190 Hyannis, (E4) 262 Imperial, (E6) 402 Inavale, (L7) 130 Indianola, (H7) 681 Inland, (M6) 100 Inman, (L3) 230 Ithaca, (PS) 171 "ackson, (P3) 290 ansen, (07) 308 bhnson, (R7) 273 ohnstown, 02).-- 200 ulian, (R6) 168 uniaU, (L6) 471 Ceamey, (K6) 6,202 Kcnesaw, (L6) 657 Kennard, (Q5) 319 Kilgore, (02) 130 Kimball, (AS) 454 Lanham, (P7) 120 Laurel, (03) 514 Lawrence, (M7) 475 Lebanon, (H7) 197 Leigh, (04) 567 Leshara, (OS) 86 Lewellen, (D5) 120 Lewiston, ((37) 1 30 Lexington, (J6) 2,059 Liberty, (P7) 394 LINCOLN, (P6).. 43,973 Lindsay, (N4) 465 Linwood, (PS) 329 Litchfield, (KS).... 403 Lodgepole, (05).-- 245 Long Pine, (J2) 781 Loomis, (K7) 284 Loretto, (N4) 100 Lorton, (Q6) 115 Louisville, (Q6) 778 LoupCity,(KS)... 1,128 Lushton, (N6) 205 Lynch, (M2) 583 Lyons, (Q4) 865 McCook, (07) 3,765 McCool Junction, (N6) 369 McLean, (N3) 130 Madison, (N4) 1,708 Madrid, (E6) - 124 Magnet, (N3) 178 Malcolm, (P6) 100 Malmo, (PS) 214 Manlcy, (Q6) 180 Marion, (07) 180 Marquette, (N6)... 290 Martinsburg, (P2). 291 Mason City, (KS).. 480 Maxwell, (HS) 289 Maywood, (06)... 443 Mead, (Q5) 330 Meadow Grove, (N3) 388 Memphis, (QS) 162 Merna, OS) 459 Merriman, (E2)-.- 254 Milford, (06) 716 Millard, (Q5) 260 Miller, (K6) 330 Milligan, (07) 336 Minatare, (B4) 338 Minden, (L7) 1,550 Mitchell, (A4) 640 Monowi, (M2) 109 Monroe, (N5) 282 Moorefield, (H6)... 180 Morrill. (A4) 346 Morse Bluff, (PS)- 196 Mount Clare, (M7^ 130 Mullen, (F3) 180 Murdock, (Q6) 222 Murray, (R6) 210 Naper, (K2) 300 Naponee, (K7) 200 Nebraska City,(R6) 5,488 Nehawka, (Q6) 200 Neligh, (M3). 1,566 Nelson, (M7) 978 Nemaha, (R7) 325 Newcastle, (P2)--. 436 Newman Grove, (N4) 8S0 Newport, (K2) 268 Nickerson, (P4)--- 140 Niobrara, (N2) 822 Nora, (M7) 100 Norfolk, (N3) 6,025 Norman, (L7) 130 North Bend, (P4)-. 1,105 North Loup, (LS).. 519 NorthPlatte,(G5)- 4,793 Oak, (N7) 237 Oakdale. (N3) 631 Oakland, (Q4) 1,073 Oconto, (JS) 245 Octavia, (05) 150 Odell, (P7) 427 Ogallala, (ES) 643 Ohiowa, (07) 373 Omaha, (R5) 124,096 O'Neill, (L3) 2,089 Ong, (N7) 285 Orchard, (M3) 532 Ord, (L4) 1,960 Orleans, (K7) 942 Osceola, (N5) 1,105 Oshkosh, (DS) 180 Osmond, (N3) 567 Overton, (J6) 574 Oxford, 07) 593 Page, (M3) 300 Palisade, (F7) 380 Palmer, (MS) 373 Palmyra, (Q6) 334 Panama, (P6) 230 Papillion, (Q5) 624 Pauline, (M7) 150 Pawnee City, (Q7)- 1,610 Paiton, (F5) 150 Pender, (P3) 804 Peru, (R7) 950 Petersburg, (N4)... 533 Phillips, (M6) 274 Pickrell, (P7) 120 Pierce, (N3) 1,200 Pilger, (03) 471 Plainvicw, (N3)--- 941 Platte Center, (N4) 388 Plattsmouth, (Q6). 4,287 Pleasant Dale, (P6) 257 Pleasanthill, (06).. 140 Pleasanton, (KS).. 252 Plymouth, (07) 438 Polk, (NS) 396 Ponca, (P2) 1,000 Poole, (K6) 100 Potter, (B5) 100 Powel, (07) 150 Prague, (PS) 394 Preston, (R7) 122 Primrose, (M4) 158 Prosser, (L6) 163 Ragan, (K7) 214 Ralston, (QS) 200 Randolph, (03).... 1,137 Ravenna, (LS) 1,359 Raymond, (P6) 236 RedCloud,(L7)... 1,686 Republican City, (K7) 476 Reynolds, (07) 246 Richland, (OS) 156 Rising City, (05).. 456 Riverton, (L7) 369 Roca, (P6) 129 Rockville, as) 201 Rogers, (P5) 155 Rosalie, (Q3) 147 Roseland, (L7) 249 Royal, (M3) 130 Rulo, (S7) 661 RushviUe, (D2)-.. 633 Ruskin, (N7) 339 Saint Edward, (N4) 814 Saint Helena, (02). 148 SaintPaul, (MS).-. 1,336 Salem, (R7) 391 Sargent, (K4) 651 Saronville, (N6)... 130 Schuyler, (OS) 2,152 Scotia, (LS) 328 Scottsbluff, (A4)... 1,746 Scribner, (P4) 891 Seneca, (03) 150 Seward, (06) 2,106 Shelby, (OS) 503 Shelton, (L6) 1,005 Shickley, (N7) 429 Sholes, (03) 100 Shubert, (R7) 311 Sidney, (CS) 1,185 Silver Creek, (NS). 379 Sioux, (Q3) 1,196 Smartviile, (Q7)... 100 Smithfield, (J6)... 190 Snyder. (P4) 314 South Auburn, (R7) 800 South Bend, (OS).. 125 South Omaha, (RS)26,2S9 Spalding, (M4) 637 Spencer, (L2) 671 Springfield, (OS)... 463 Springview, (J2)-.. 216 Stamford, (J7) 301 Stanton, (04) 1,342 SUplehurst, (OS).. 228 Steele City, (P7)... 300 Steinauer, ((37) 248 Stella, (R7) 430 Sterling, (Q7) 714 Stockham, (N6)... 601 Stockville, (H6).... 232 Strang, (N6) 238 Stratton, (F7) 367 Stromsburg,(N5)-. 1,355 Stuart, (K2) 467 Sumner, (J6) 321 Superior, (N7) 2,106 Surprise, (05) 323 Sutherland, (F5)... 447 Sutton, (N6) 1,702 Swanton, (07) 285 Syracuse, (Q6) 842 Table Rock, (Q7).. 81* Talmage, (R6) 461 Tamora, (06) 205 Tamov, (N4) 121 Taylor, (K4) 20O Tecumseh,(Q7).-.. 1,748 Tekamah, (04) 1,524 Thayer, (06) 180 Thedford, (G4) 230 Thurston, (P3) 112 TUden, (N3) 901 Tobias, (07) 44S Trenton, (F7) 497 Trumbull, (M6)... 180 Tryon, (04) lOO Uehling, (Q4) 228 Ulysses, (05) 551 Unadilla, (Q6) 20* Union, (R6) 302 University Place, (P6) 3,200 Upland, (L7) 390 Utica, (06) 520 Valentine, (G2)-.. 1,098 Valley, (QS) 810 Valparaiso, (PS)..- 560 Verdel, (M2) 162 Verdigris, (N2) 403- Verdon, (R7) 406 Vesta, (Q7) 140 Virginia, (07) 154 Wabash, (Q6) 120 Waco, (06) 29J Wahoo, (PS) 2,168 Wakefield, (P3).-.. 861 Wallace, (F6) 17S WalthUl, (Q3) 810 Wamerville, (N4).. lOO Washington, (QS).. 130 Waterbury, (P3)... 199- Waterloo, (OS) 402 Wauneta, (F7) 327 Wausa, (N2) 60* Waverly, (P6) 297 Wayne, (03) 2,140 Weeping Water, (06) i,o«r Wellfleet, (06) lOO Western, (07) 499^ West Lincoln, (P6). 20O Weston, (PS) 432 Westpoint,(P4)... 1,776 Wilber, (07) 1,21» Wilcox, (K7) 382 Wilsonville, (H7)-. 38S Winnebago, (P3).. 39y Winnetoon, (M2)-- 220 Winside, (03) 450 Wisner, (P4) 1,081 Wolbach, (MS) 230 Wood Lake, (H2).. 198 Wood River, (L6).. 796. Wymore, (P7) 2,613 Wynot.(02) 258 York, (K6) 6,235- yutan,(Q5) 35i 362 (NEVADANEW HAMPSHIRE-NEW JERSEY) INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES NEVADA Atlanta, (G4) 200 Austin, (D3) 1,300 Bannock, (E2) 250 Battle ^lountain, (D2) 400 Bauvard, (Gl) 200 Beatty, (E6) 300 Blackhorsc, (03).. 300 Blair, (D5) 500 Buckskin, (B4) 200 Bunkerville, (06).. 100 CaBente, (05) 500 C^ian, (£2) 420 CARSON CITY, (B3) 2,466 Cherry Creek, (G3) 350 Columbia, (D5)... 1,000 Contact, (01) 150 Cortez, (E2) 110 Crescent. (F7) 100 Currie, (02) lOO Dayton, (B3) 580 Delamar, (OS) 700 Dutchcreek, (C4).. 200 East Ely, (03) 1,500 £dgeouuit,(£l)... 100 Elko,(F2). 1,677 Ely, (03) 2,055 Empire, (B3) 330 Eureka, (F3) 1,800 Fallon, (C3) 741 Farrell,(D2) 200 Franktown, (B3).. 120 Gardnerville, (B4). 210 Genoa, (B3) 440 Oillis, (C4) 100 Glenbrook, (A3) . . . 230 Oolconda, (D2)... 800 Goldbug, (C2).... 150 ' Goldfield,(DS).... 4,838 Gold Hill, (B3) 2,100 Goodsprings, (F7). 100 Granite, (C4) 200 Hamilton, (F3) 300 Hawthorne, (C4).. 1,000 Hiko, (F5) 100 Hill Top, (E21 100 Horn Silver, (b5).. 1,000 Imlay,(C2) 250 Jumbo, (B3) 100 Las Vegas, (06). . . 1,500 l*e, (F2) 150 Lida, (D5) 230 Lovelocks, {C2)... 1,000 Lucky Boy, (C4).. 800 McGill, (03) 2,200 Manhattan, (E4).. 750 Marble, (C4) 100 Mason, (B3) 150 Mazuma, (C2) 200 Melvin, (03) 150 Mizpah, (02) 150 Mominj Star, (B4) 100 Mountam City, (Fl) 130 Nelson, (071 250 Owyhee, (El) 500 Palisade, (E2) 150 Panaca, (G5) 350 Paradise Valley, (Dl) 600 Pinegrove, (B4)... 200 Pioche, (05) 1,000 Pioneer, (E4) 1,200 Prospect, (E3) 150 Pyramid, (B2) 150 Ramsey, (B3) 120 Rawhide, (C4)..;.. 5,100 Reipetown, (F3)... 100 Reno, (B3) 10,867 Rhyolite, (D6) 800 Round Mountain, (E4) 600 Ruby Valley, (F2). 100 Schurz, (C4) 600 Searchlight, (G7).. 387 Seven Troughs, (C2) 100 Sheridan. (B4) 110 SilverCity, (B3)... 350 Sparks, (B3) 2,500 Stillwater, (C3)... 228 Sweetwater. (B4)._ 150 Tonopah, (D4) 5.900 Tuscarora, (ED... 300 Unionville, (C2)... 100 Verdi, (A31 500 Vernon, (C2) 150 Virginia City, (B3/. 2,244 Wadsworth, (B3).. 800 Wells, (Fl) 260 Whiterock, (ED... 150 Winnemucca, (D2), 1,786 Yerington, (B4)... 682 NEW HAMPSHIRE ■ = POPULATION OF TOWNSHIP Acworth, (Ell)... "536 Alexandria, (09) .. . "571 Allenstown, (J 11) "1,457 Alstead, (Ell). . . . "711 Alstead Center, (Ell) 100 Alton, QIO) "1,348 Alton Bay. (J 10)... 300 Amherst, (H12)... "1.060 Andover,(G10)... "1,201 Antrim, (Gil) "1,235 Apthorp, (G6) 100 Ashland, (H9).... "1,412 Ashuelot, (E12)... 380 Atkinson, (K12)... "440 Atkinson Depot, (K12) 100 Auburn. QID "637 Bank Village, (012) 100 Barnstead, (JIO). ."1.081 Barrington, (Kll)"900 Bartlett, (J7) "1,197 Bath, (G7) "978 Bedford, (H12). . ."1,110 Belmont, (JIO). . ."1,390 Bennington, (Gil) "690 Benton, (07) "219 Berlin. (K6) 11,780 Berlin Mills, (K6).. 1,200 Bethlehem, (H6).. "1,201 Boscawen, (HIO) "1.240 Bow, (HID "676 Bow Mills, (HI 1).. 300 Bradford, (FIO)... "695 Brentwood. (K12) "759 Bridgewater, (H9) "187 Bristol, (09) "1.478 Brookheld, (K9)..."247 Brookline, (H13).. "501 Campton, (H8).... "845 Canaan, (G9). .. ."1,408 Canaan Center, (F9) 150 Canaan Street, (09) 150 Candia, (J ID "993 CandiaVUlage. (Jll) ISO Canobie Lake, (K12) 100 Canterbury, (HIO) "680 Carroll, (H6) "569 Center Barnstead, (JIO) 500 Center Conway, (K8) 200 Center Effingham, (K9) 100 Center Harbor. (19) "420 Center Sandwich, (H8) 350 Center Strafford, (KIO) 250 Center Tuftonboro, (K9) 180 Charlestown, (Ell) "1,496 Chatham, (K7).... "209 Chesham, (F12)... 110 Chester, (J12) "818 Chesterfield, (E12) "770 Chichester, (Jll)... "606 Chocorua, (K8) 100 Claremont, (ElO) "7,529 Claremont Junc- tion, (ElO) 100 Clarksville. (J3)... "271 Colebrook, (J4). . ."1.905 Columbia, (H4)... "619 CONCORD, (HID 21,497 Contoocook, (HID 940 Conway, (K8) "3,413 Coos. (H5) 425 Cornish, (ElO) .. ."1,005 Cornish Flat, (ElO) 450 Crawford House, U7) 130 Croydon, (FIO).... "324 Croydon Flat, (FIO) 100 Crystal, (JS) 100 Dalton, (H6) "475 Danbury, (G9).... "592 Danville,(KI2).... "517 Davisville, (Oil).. 200 Deerheld, (KU).. "917 Deerfield Center, (KU) 350 Deering, (Gil).... "353 Derry, (J12) "5,123 Dorchester, (F9)... "241 Dover, (Lll) 13,247 Dover Point. (Lll) 500 Drewsville. (Ell).. 125 Dublin, (F12) "571 Dummer. (J5) "292 Dumbarton, (HI1)"5I3 Durham, (LID... "823 East Alstead, (Ell) 125 East Andover,(G10) 350 E. Barrington, (Kll) 550 East Candia, (Jll) 450 E. Canterbury, (JIO) 100 East Concord, (111) 500 East Conway, (K8) 100 East Deering, (Oil) 190 East Deny, (J12).. 590 East Grafton, (G9) 280 E. Hampstead, (K12) 100 East Haverhill, (07) 100 Eastjaffrey, (F12) 1,700 E. Kingston, (L12) "413 E. Lempster, (FID ISO Easton, (07) "226 E. Pembroke, (Jll) 100 East Rindge. (012) 135 E. Rochester, (LIO) 1,200 East Sullivan, (F12) 200 EastSwanzey, (F12) 300 E. Wakefield, (K9) 150 E.Washington, (FID 100 East Weare, (HU) 340 East Wolfboro, (K9) 150 Eaton Center, (K8) 150 Effingham, (K9)... "558 Effingham Falls, (K8) 150 Elkins, (GIO) 170 Elmwood, (012)... 100 Enfield, (F9) "1,448 Enfield Center, (F9) 400 Epping, (KID "1,649 Epsom, (JU) "725 Errol, (K4) "211 Etna, (F9) 150 Ejeter, (L12) "4,897 Fabyan House, (H7) 250 Farmington, (KIO) "2,621 Fitzwilliam, (F12) "1,148 Fitzwilliam Depot, (F12) 500 Francestown; (012) "602 Franconia, (H7). .. "504 Franklin, (HIO). . .6,132 Freedom, (K8) .... "542 Fremont, (KID... "622 Gaza, (H9) 100 Georges Mills. (FIO) 200 Gerrish, (HIO).... 100 GUford, (J9) "744 Gilmanton, (JIO).. "968 Gilmanton Iron Works, (JIO).... 500 Gilsum, (Ell) "470 Glen, (K7) 150 Goffs FalU, (J12).. 200 Goffstown, (HID "2,579 Gonic, (LIO) 460 Gorham, (K6). ,. ."2.155 Goshen, (FIO) "329 Oossville, (Jll).... 260 Grafton, (09) "641 Grafton Center, {F9) 100 Grantham, (FIO).. "286 Grasmere, (HID.. 400 Greenfield. (012).. "574 Greenland, (Lll).. "575 Greenland Depot, (Lll) 100 Greenville, (012) "1.374 Groton, (09) "319 Groveton, (J5). .. .1,500 Guild, (FIO) 100 Hampstead, (K12) "796 Hampton, (L12). ."1,215 Hampton Falls, (L12) "552 Hancock, (F12)..."642 Marlboro Depot, Hanover, (E9).... "2,075 (FI2) 300 Harrisville, (F12). . "623 Marlow, (FID... . "425 Haverhill, (F7). . ."3.498 Mascoma, (F9). ... 100 Hebron, (09) "213 Mason, (GI3) "325 Henniker,( Oil).. "1.395 Meadows, 06)... 180 Hill, (H9) "556 Melvin Village, 09) 295 HiUsboro, (Gil).. "2, 168 Meredith, (H9). . ."1,638 Hillsboro Lower Vil. Meredith Center, lage, (Oil) 280 (H9) 150 HilUboro Upper Va- Meriden, (F9) 500 lage, (FID 100 Merrimack, (H12) "1,039 Hinsdale, (EI2). ."1.673 Middleton, (KIO). . "291 Holderness, (H9).. "652 HoUis, (J13) "935 Milan, (K5) "924 Milford. (HI2)... "3,939 Hookset, (HID... "1,528 Mill Village, (FIO) 100 Hopkinton, (Hll) "1,578 Milton, (KIO). . . ."1,542 Horns Mills, (L9).. 100 Milton Mills, (L9) 730 Hudson, (JI2) "1,344 Monroe, (F6) "429 Hudson Center, Montcalm, (F9). 100 (J12) 270 Mont Vernon, (HI2)"4I3 Intervale, (K7)... 200 Moultonboro, QS) "783 Jackson, (K7) "452 Moultonville, (K9) 300 JaSrey, (FI2). .. ."1,895 Mountainview, (K9) 300 Jefferson, (J6). ..."1,061 Munsonville. (FID 100 Jefferson Highland, Nashua, (HI2). . .26.005 06). Kearsarge, (K7) . . . 150 Nelson, (F12) "231 130 New Boston, (HI2) "982 Keene, (E12) 10,068 Newbury, (FIO). .. "402 Kensington, (L12) "417 New Castle, (MID "624 Kingston, (KI2). ."1,015 New Durham, (K10)"523 Laconia, (J9). ... 10,183 Newfields, (Lll). . . "503 Lakeport, (J9) 500 New Hampton, (H9)"82 1 Lancaster, (H6).. "3,054 Newington, (LID. . "296 LandaS, (07) "526 New Ipswich, (013) "927 Langdon, (El I) . . . "340 New London, (FIO) "805 Leavitts Hill, (Jll) 100 New Market, Lebanon, (E9)... "5,718 (LID Lee, (Lll) "479 Newport, (FIO) Lempster, (FlI) Lincoln, (H7) '3,348 '3,765 '383 Newton, (K12), ... "962 278 Newton June, (KI2) 180 Lisbon, (07) "2,460 N. Branch, (Gil) . . 100 Little Boars Head, (M12) 100 Littleton, (06). Livermore, (J7). . Lochmere, (HIO). Lockehaven, (F9). Londonderry, North Charlestown, (ElO) 240 3,059 N.Chichester, (JU) 360 "64 N. Conway, (K7).. 1,500 150 N. Danville, (K12) . 150 100 Northfield, (HIO) "1,474 North Oroton, (08) 140 ai2) "1,533 N. Hampton, (LI2) "786 Long Island, (J9).. 150 N. Haverhill, (G7). 440 Loudon. (JIO) "838 North Lisbon, (06) 100 Lower Bartlett, North Monroe, (06) 110 (K7) 150 N. Newport, (EIO) . 190 Lyman, (06) "374 North Nottingham, Lyme, (F8) "1,007 (Kll) 100 Lvme Center, (F8) 150 N. Richmond, (E12) 100 Lyndeboro, (HI2) "660 N. Rochester, (KIO) 100 Madbury, (Lll). Madison, (K8). "331 North Salem, 012) 400 "507 N. Sanbornton, (H9) 430 Manchester, (Jl I) 70,063 N. Sandwich, (J8) . . 100 Marlboro, (F12).. "1,478 North Sutton, (GIO) 140 Northumberland, (JS) "2,184 N. Wakefield, (K9) 150 N. Walpole, (EU). 1,000 North Weare, (Gil) 540 Northwood,(KII) "1,059 Northwood Center, (KU) ISO Northwood Nar- rows, (JU) 150 Northwood Ridge, (KU) ISO N. Woodstock, (H7) 400 Nottingham, (KII)"607 Orford,(F8) "799 Orfordville, (F8)... 210 Ossipee, (K9). .. ."1,354 Parkhill, (EI2).... 200 Pattenville. (06).. 100 Pelham, 013) "826 Pembroke, OH)- "3,062 Penacook, (HIO).. 3,000 Pequaket, (J8) 100 Percy. US) 140 Peterboro, (012).. "2,277 Pierce Bridge, (H6) 100 Piermont, (F8) .... "592 Pike, (07) 340 Pittsburg, (J3).... "624 Pittsfield, 010)... "2.222 Plainfield, (E9).... "987 Plaistow, (K12). ."1,173 Plymouth, (H9)., "2.200 Ponemah, (HI2).. . 100 Portsmouth, (LID 11,269 Potter Place. (GIO) 300 Pratts. (HI2) 100 Randolph, (K6)... "137 Raymond, (Kll) "1,203 Redstone, (K7).... 100 Reeds Ferry, 012) 320 Richmond, (EI2).. "393 Rindge, (012) "706 Riverdale, (HU).. 100 Riverton, (H6) 100 Robys Comer, (GIO) 150 Rochester. (KIO). .8.868 Rockingham. (Lll) 100 Rollinsford, (Lll) "1.836 Rumney, (08) "850 Rumney Depot, (08) 240 Rye, (Lll) "1,014 Rye Beach, (M12) 550 Rye North Beach, (MID 100 Salem, (K12) "2,117 Salem Depot, (J12) 700 Salisbury, (HIO)... "478 Salisbury Heights, (HIO) 140 Salmon Falb, (LID 1.700 Sanbornton, (H9). . "850 Sanbomville, (K9) 500 Sandown, (K12)... "380 Sandwich, (J8), .. . "928 Scott, (H6) 125 Seabrook, (LI2). ."1,425 Shelburne, (K6) . . . "305 Short Falls, (J U).. 140 Silver Lake, (K8).. 300 Smithtown, (LI2). . 100 Snowville, (K8)... 220 Somersworth, (HO) 6,704 S. Acworth, (EU) 250 S. Barnstead, (JIO) 100 S. Barrington, (KU) 100 S. Charlestown. (EIDIOO S. Cornish. (ElO).. 110 S. Danbury, (GIO) 120 S. Danville, (K12) 180 S. Deerfield, (Jll). . 100 S. Effingham, (K9) 100 S. Hampton, (K12) "279 S. Kingston, (K12) 140 South Lee, (KU). . 200 S. Lyndeboro, (012) 520 S.Merrimack, (H12) 110 S. Newbury, (FIO) 100 S. Seabrook, (L12) 100 S. Stoddard, (FU) 100 South Sutton, (GIO) 120 S. Tamworth, (J8) 290 South Weare, (Oil) 100 S. WoUboro, (K9) . . ISO Spofford, (E12)... 260 Springfield, (F9)... "422 Stark, (J5) "448 State Line, (F13).. 180 Stewartstown. (J4)"1.128 Stoddard, (FID... "257 Strafford, (KID... "786 Strafford Corner, (KIO) 100 Stratford, (HS).... "844 Stratham. (Lll)... "602 Sugar Hill, (G7).. . 380 Sullivan, (FU).... "266 Sunapee, (FIO). . ."1,071 Suncook, (J 1 1).... 2. 700 Surry, (EU) "213 Sutton, (GIO) "698 Swanzey,(E12)... "1,656 Swiftwater, (F7)... 100 Tamworth. (J8)... "993 Temple. (012).... "284 The Weirs, (J9)... 550 Thornton, (H8)... "553 Thorntons F'erry, (HI2) 130 Tilton, (HIO) "1,866 Troy, (FI2) "1,331 Tuftonboro, (K9).. "612 Twin Mtn., (H6).. 260 Union, (KIO) 400 Unity, (FIO) "504 Wakefield, (K9).. "1,543 Walpole, (Ell)... "2,668 Warner, (OlO). . ."1,226 Warren, (08) "701 Washington, (FU)"360 Water Village, (K9) 130 Weare, (Oil). .. ."1,325 Webster, (GIO) "445 Wentworth, (08)... "595 WestAlton, (J9)... 100 West Andover, (GIO) 180 West Brentwood, (K12) 200 West Campton, (H8) 200 West Canaan, (F9) 100 West Chesterfield, (E12) 260 W. Claremont, (ElO) 500 W. Concord, (HU) 1,200 West Epping, (Kl I) 450 W. Hampstead. (J12) 200 W. Henniker, (Gil) 100 West Lebanon, (E9) 500 West Milan, OS).. 390 Westmoreland, (E12) "758 Westmoreland De- pot, (Ell) 130 West Nottingham, (KU) 100 West Ossipee, (K8) 300 W. Peterboro, (012) 100 Westport, (E12).. . 100 West Rindge, (F12) 260 West Rumney, (08) 240 West Rye, (LID... 100 W. Salisbury. (GIO) 120 W. Springfield, (FIO) 200 West Stewartstown, 04) 1,000 W. Swanzey, (EI2) 770 W. Thornton, (H8) 360 Westville, (K12).. . 300 West Wilton, (012) 100 W. Windham, 012) 100 Whiteface, (J8).... 100 Whitefield, (H6).. "1,635 Wilmot, (010).... "614 Wilmot Flat, (GIO) 250 Wilton, (H12).... "1,490 Winchester, (E12) "2,282 Windham, 012)... "656 Windham Depot, 012) 200 Winona, (H9) 135 Wolfboro Falls, (J9) 300 Wolfeboro, (K9).. "2,224 Woodman, (K9)... 100 Woodstock, (H8) "1,083 Woodsville, (F7)...2,IOO Absecon, (F9) 870 Adelphia, (F6) 450 Aldine, (C8) 150 Allaire, (06) 100 Allamuchy, (D3).. 200 Allendale. (02) 1,121 AUenhurst, (H6)... 203 Allentown. (E6)... 642 Allenwood, (06)... 160 Alliance, (C8) 400 AUoway, (B8) 600 Almonesson, (C7). . 200 Alpha, (C4) 2,084 Alpine, (H3) 533 Ancora, (D8) 300 Anderson, (D3) 100 Andover, (E3) 479 Anglesea, (DIO)... 170 Annandale. (D4)... 380 Anthony. (D4) 100 Ardena. (F6) 500 Arlington. (G3) 6,000 Asbury, (C4) 580 Asbury Park, (H6) 10,910 Ashland, (D7) 320 Atco. (D7) 600 Athenia, (03) 410 Atlantic City, (F9) 51,667 Atlantic Highlands, (05) 1,771 Atsion, (D8) 100 Auburn, (B8) 180 Audubon. (C7). .. .3,009 Aura. (C8) 130 Avalon, (EIO) 323 Avenel. (F4) 100 Avon by the Sea, (H6) 707 Bakersville, (E9).. 150 Baptistown. (D4). . 120 Bargaintown, (E9) 100 Bamegat. (G7). .. 850 Bamegat City. (08) 77 Barnsboro, (C7)... 200 Barrington, (C7).. 150 Basking Ridge. (E4) 640 Bayhead, (06).... 492 Bayonne, (G4). . .64,461 Bayville, (07) 200 Beachhaven, (08) 434 Beatyestown, (D3) 170 Bedminstsr, (E4).. 130 Beemerville. (E2).. 250 Beesleys Point, (E9) 175 Belford. (05) 250 Belle Plain. (D9).. 100 Belleville, (03). . .11,996 Belmar, (06) 2,553 Belvidere, (C3). .. .1.823 Bergenfield, (H3).. 2,924 Berkeley Heights, (F4) 300 Berlin, (D7) 800 Bernardsville, (E4) 1,000 Beverly. (D6) 2,450 Billingsport Road, (B7) 100 Birmingham, (E7) 220 Bivalve, (CIO).... 220 Blackwells Mills, (ES) 230 Blackwood, (C7)... 600 Blairstown, (D3).. 800 Bloomfield. (03).. 17,306 Bloomingdale, (F3) 340 Bloomsbury,(C4).. 630 Blue Anchor, (D8) 250 Bogota, (03) 2.341 Boonton, {F3) 5,207 Bordentown, (E6) 4,095 Boundbrook, (E4) 5,152 Braddock. (D8)... 200 Bradevelt, (FS).... ISO Bradley Beach, (H6) 2,236 Branchville, (D2).. 620 Bridgeboro. (D6).. 280 Bridgeport. (FS) . . 280 Bridgeport. (B7). , . 640 Bridgeton,(B9)... 13,611 Bridgeville, (C3)... 100 Brielle, (06) 330 Brigantine, (F9)... 20 Broadway, (C4).,. 200 Brookdale, (03)... 250 Brookside. (E3)... 160 BrownMills, (E7).. 300 Browntown, (FS).. 200 Budd Lake, (E3).. 120 Buddtown. (E7)... 250 Buena, (D8) 150 Burleigh, (DIO)... 150 Burlington, (D6).. 9,044 Burrsville, (06)... 200 Butler. (F3) 2,534 Buttzville, (D3)... 330 Caldwell, (F3) 3,409 Califon, (D4) 500 Camden, (C7) ... 102,215 Campgaw, (02)... 100 Canton, (B9) 190 Cape May, (DID. 2,513 Cape May Court House, (DIO).... 800 Cape May Point, (CU) 170 Carlstadt. (03). .. .4,137 CaritonHill,(G3).. 100 Carmel, (C9) 750 Carpentersville, (C4) 210 Carteret, (G4) 3,500 Cassville, (F6) 220 Cedar Brook, (D8) 400 Cedargrove, (F3).. 670 Cedar Lake, (D8) . . 110 Cedar Run, (F8)... 200 Cedanfille, (C9)... 1,500 Centerton, (D7)... 100 Centerton, (C8). .. 130 Changewater, (D4) 210 Chapel Hill, (OS).. 200 Charlotteburg. (F2) 100 Chatham, (F4). .. .2,207 Chatsworlh. (E71, . 150 Cheesequake, (OS) 200 Chesilhurst, (D8).. 314 NEW JERSEY 1915 STATE CENSUS FIGURES Chester, (E3) 1,100 Denville, (F3) 630 Chesterfield, (E6).. ISO Dias Creek, (DIO) 250 Chews, (C7 ) 440 Dividing Creek, (C9) 500 Chrome. (04) 100 Dorchester, (D9) . . 100 Cinnaminson, {D7) 150 Dorothy, (D9).... 200 Clarksboro, (B7)... 200 Clarksburg, (F6)... 250 Clayton, (C8) 1,729 Clementon. (C7)... 500 Dover. (E3) 8,971 Drakestown. (03) 200 Dumont, (03) 2.278 Dundee Lake, (03) 400 Clermont. (DIO) ... 300 Dunellen, (F4) .... 2,877 CliSside. (H3) 4,778 Dutch Neck, (E5). . 100 CliSwood, (OS) 130 Eastcreek. (DIO)... 100 Clifton. (03) 8.100 East Millstone. (E4) 356 Clinton, (D4) 841 Closter, (H3) 1,735 Cokesbury. (D4)... 100 East Newark, (04) 2,873 EastNutley, (G4).. 700 East Orange, (F4) 40,961 Cold Spring, (DID 150 E. Rutherford, (03)4,576 Colesville. (El).... 200 Eatontown, (O5)..I,200 CoUingswood, (C7) 6,600 Edgewater, (H3)..3,150 Colonia, (F4) 100 Edgewater Park, Colts Neck, (05)... 150 (D6) 200 200 Egg Harbor City, 590 (E8) 2,416 180 Elberon, (HS) 100 100 Eldora, (DIO) 100 750 Elizabeth, (04).. 82,036 Columbia. (Ci). Columbus. (E6).. Cookstown, (E6). Copperhill, (DS).. Coytesville, (H3). Cranbury, (E5). . . Cranford, (F4).... Creamridge, (E6). 800 Ellisburg, (C7).... 110 2,000 Ellisdale, (E6) 275 100 Elm, (D8) 230 Creskill, {H3) 992 Elmer, (C8) 1,143 Cross Keys, (C8).. 250 Elwood, (E8) ISO Crosswicks, (E6) . . . 400 Emerson. (03) 906 Croton, (D4) 110 Englewood, (H3) 11,071 Daretown, (B8)... 150 Englewood Cliffs, Dkyton.(F5) 390 (H3) 532 Deal, (06) 227 English Creek, (E9) 300 Deal Beach, (H6) . . 180 Englishtown, (F5) 605 Deerfield Street, (C8) 150 Erma, (DID 230 Delair, (C7) 230 Essex Fells, (F3) ... 538 Delanco, (D6) 750 Estelville, (D9) .... 100 Delawanna, (G3).. 710 Everett, (OS) 100 Delaware, (C3). ... 440 Everittstown, (C4) 150 Delford, (03) 1,244 Evesboro, (D7). . . . 100 Delmont. (DIO)... 175 Ewan, (C8) 250 Demarest. (H3)... 588 Ewingville, (E5). . . 250 Dennisville, (DIO). 300 Fairfield, (F3) 150 Fair Haven, (OS).. 1,490 Fair Lawn, (03)... 120 Fairmount, (D4).. 100 Fairton, (C9) 500 Fairview, (03). .. .4,016 Fanwood, (F4) 699 Far Hills, (E4).... 300 Farraingdale. (G6) 483 Fieldsboro, (E6).. 510 Finderne, (E4) 100 Finesville, (C4) 150 Fish House, (C7).. 100 Fishing Creek, (DIO) 180 Flanders, (E3).... 510 Flatbrookville, (D2) 100 Flemington, (D4).. 2,635 Florence, (D6) 1,800 Florham Park, (F3) 970 Folsom,(D8) 266 Fords, (F4) 750 Forked River, (07) 500 Fort Lee, (H3). .. .5.288 Franklin, (E2) 3,262 Franklin Park, (ES) 230 Franklinville, (C8) 300 Freehold, (05). .. .3,622 Freochtown, (C4).. 983 Freneau. (05) 200 Garfield. (G3). .. .15.455 Garwood, (F4). ... 1.642 Georgetown. (E6).. 100 German Valley. (D3) 580 Gibbsboro, (D7)... 300 Gibbstown, (B7)... 200 Glassboro, (C8)...2,100 Glendola, (06).... 250 Glen Gardner, (D4) 600 Glen Ridge, (03).. 4, 153 Glen Rock, (03)... 1,689 Olenwood, (El)... 300 Gloucester City. (C7) 10,554 (5oshen, (DIO).... 350 Grantwood, (H3).. 1,600 Grassey Sound, (DIO) 100 Great Meadows, (D3) ISO Green Creek, (DIO) 200 Green Pond, (F2). . 100 Green Village, (F4) 170 Greenwich, (B9)... 1,000 Grenloch, (C7).... 200 Griggstown, (ES).. 330 Groveville, (E6)... 300 Outtenberg, (H3).. 6,322 Haclseosack, (03) 15,856 Hackettstown, (D3)2,976 Haddonfield, (C7) 5,077 Haddon Heights, (C7) 2,297 Hainesburg, (C3).. 300 Hainesport, (D7).. 500 Hainesville, (DD. . 300 Haledon, (03) 2,890 Haleyville, (C9)... 330 Hamburg. (E2) 800 Hamilton. (06).... 250 Hamilton Square, (E6) 430 Hammonton. (D6) 5,896 H.ampton, (D4).... 843 Hancocks Bridge, (B8) 130 Hanover, (F3) 400 Hanover Neck, (F3) 220 Hardingville, (C8) 100 Hardwick, (D3)... 100 Harlingen, (ES)... 200 Harmony, (C4) ... . 250 Harrington. (02).. 551 Harrison, (03). .. 14,520 Harrisonville, (C8) 300 Hartford, (D7).... 100 Harvey Cedars, (G8) 47 Hasbrouck Heights, (03) 2,424 Haskell, {F2) 200 Haworth, (03).... 733 Hawthorne, (03).. 3,999 Hazen, (C3) 180 Hazlet, (05) 200 Heislerville, (DIO) 420 HelmetU, (F5)... 767 Herbertsville, (06) 200 Hewitt, (F2) 210 Hibernia, (F3) 1,400 High Bridge, (D4) 1,700 Highland Park. (F5)2.901 Highlands, (H5)... 1.759 Hightstown. (ES).. 2,592 Highwood, (H3)... 400 Hillsdale, (02).... 950 Hilton, (F4) 220 Hoboken, (H4). . .67,611 Hohokus. (03).... 561 HoUand, (C4) 100 Holly Beach. (DID 1.901 Holmdel, (OS) 850 Holmeson,(F6).... 100 Homestead. (03).. 350 Hopatcong, (E3)... 234 Hope. (DJ) 350 Hopewell. (DS). .. .1.341 Hornerstown. (F6) 200 Hudson Heights, (H3) 1,500 Hurffville, (C7).... 200 Hyson. (F6) 150 Imlaystown, (F6) . . 150 lona, (C8) 100 Irvington, (04)... 20,342 Iselin.(F4) 100 Island Heights, (07) 368 Jacksonville, (E6).. 100 Jacobstown. (E6).. 100 Jamesburg. (FS). ..1,865 Janvier, (C8) 200 Jefferson, (C8).... 110 Jenkins. (E8) 100 Jersey City. (04)270.903 Jobstown, (E6).... 200 Johnsonburg. (D3) 150 Juliustown, (E6)...1.000 Keansburg, (05)... 500 Kearny, (03) 22,150 Kenilworth. (F4).. 997 KenvU, (E3) 350 INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES (new jersey-new mexico-new vork) 353 Keyiwrt, (G5) 4,019 Kingsland, (G3)... 800 KinKSton. (E5).... .iOO KinRwood, (DS)... 100 Kinkora, (E6) 100 Kirkwood, (1)7),.. 150 Kresson, (D7) 300 LaFayette, (E2).. . 400 LakeComo, (H6),, 2,iO Lakehurst, (F6)... 1,000 Lakewood, (G6)... 4,000 Umbertviile, (D5) 4,600 Landing, (D3) 120 Landisville, (D8).. 140 Lanoka. (07) 200 Laurel Springs, (D7) 791 Lavallette, (G7),.. 174 Lawnside, (C7)..., 300 Lawrence Sta., (ES) 250 Lawrcnceville, (D5) 300 Layton, (D2) 320 Lebanon, (D4).... 360 Ledsewood, (E3).. 400 Leeds Point, (F9) . . 300 Leesburg, (D9).... 250 Leonardo, (GS) 200 Leonardville, (G5) 150 Leonia, (H3) 2,132 Liberty Corner, (E4) 260 Lincoln, (F4) 200 Lincroft, (G5) 100 Linden, (G4) 1,150 Lindenwold, (D7).. 300 Linwood, (E9) 610 Little Falls, (F3)... 3,600 Little Ferry, (G3). .2,729 Little Silver, (G5).. 400 Littleton, (F3) 350 Little York, (C4).. 150 Livingston. (F3). . . 550 Locust. (G5) 150 Lodi, (G3) 6,379 Long Branch. (H5)14.565 Longport. (E9)... . 143 Louden. (E7) 100 LowerBank. (E8).. 150 Lower Squankum. (G6) 250 Ludlow, (04) 200 Lumberton, (D7). . 850 Lyndhurst. (G3). ..1,350 Lyons Farms, (G4) 400 McAfee Valley, (E2) 200 McKee City, (E9) 140 Madison, (F3) 5,628 Magnolia, (C7)... . 977 Mahwah, (G2).... 550 Main Avenue, (C8) 150 Malaga, (C8) 400 Manahawkin, (G8) 70') Manalapan, (F5).. 300 Manasquan, (G6). . 1,817 Mantoloking, (G6) 50 Mantua, (C7) 750 Maple Shade, (D7) 200 Maplewood, (F4).. 600 Marcella, (F3) 130 Margate City, (F9) 291 Marksboro, (D3).. 100 Marlboro, (F5).... 400 Marlton, (D7) 700 Marmora. (E9) 200 Martinsville. (E4).. 150 Masonville. (D7).. 150 Matawan, (G5). ... 1,771 Maurer, (G4) 520 Maurice River, (CIO) 1,100 Mauricetown, (C9) 560 Mayetta, (F8) 100 Mays Landing, (D9) 1,800 Maywood, (G3)... 1,309 Medford, (D7). ... 1,200 Mendham. (E3)... 1,248 Menio Park, (F4) . . 350 Merchantville,(C7) 2,242 Metuchen, (F4)... 2,092 Mickleton, (B7)... 130 Middlebush, (FS).. 130 Middletown, (G5) 200 Middle Valley, (D3) 200 Midland Park, (G3) 2,130 Midvale, (F2) 420 Milford, (C4) 687 Millbrook, (D2)... 100 Millburn, (F4). .. .3,000 Millington. (E4)... 300 MUlstone, (E5).... 154 MiUtown, (FS) 1.902 MillvUle. (C9).... 13,307 Milton, (E2) 330 Minebrook, (E4)... 100 Minehill, (E3) 100 Minotola. (D8).... 500 Monmouth Beach, (H5) 652 Monmouth Junction, (E5) 400 Monroe, (E2) 100 Monroeville, (C8).. 110 Montague, (El)... 200 Montclair. (F3). ..25,029 Montvale, (G2) 728 Montville, (F3). ... 690 Moonachie, (G3).. 993 Moorestown, (D7) 4,000 Morganville, (05) 180 Morris Plains, (F3) 450 Morristown, (F3) 13,006 Mountainside, (F4) 421 Mountainview, (F3) 420 Mountainville, (D4) 150 MounlAiry, (1)5). . 100 Mt. Arlington, (E3) 397 Mount Bethel, (F4) 200 Mt. Ephraim, (C7) 300 Mt. Freedom, (E3) 200 Mount Holly, (D7) 4,800 Mount Hope, (E3) 390 Mount Laurel, (07) 250 Mount Olive, (E3) 100 Mt. Pleasant, (C4) 150 Mount Rose. (E5) 120 MullicaHill. (B8).. 510 Murray Hill. (F4).. 100 National Park. (C7) 529 Naughright, (E3).. 220 Navesink, (G5).... 600 Neptune City, (G6) 614 Nesco, (E8) 100 Neshanic, (E5).... 300 Netcong, (E3) 1.680 Newark, (G4). . .366,721 New Bedford. (G6) 230 Newbridge. (G3)... 530 New Brunswick, (F5) 30,019 New Durham, (G3) 4,100 New Egypt. (F6).. 800 Newfielcf, (C8).... 500 Newfoundland. (F2) 570 New Germantown, (E4) 300 New Gretna. (F8).. 450 New Hampton, (D4) 130 New Lisbon, (E7).. 130 New Market, (F4) 500 New MUford, (03) 300 New Monmouth, (OS) 100 Newport, (C9) 850 New Providence, (F4) 1,132 Newton, (D2) 4,433 NewtonvUle, (D8) 100 New Vernon, (F3) 110 NewViilage, (C4)., 150 Norma. (C9) 100 N. Arlington. (G3) 1,079 North Branch, (E4) 250 N. Caldwell, (F3).. 664 Northfield, (E9). . . 968 N. Hackensack, (03) 350 North Haledon. (03) 834 N. Paterson, (03) 1,300 N. Plainfield, (F4) 6,037 Northvale, (H2)... 300 N.Wildwood.(Dl 1)1,088 Norwood. (H3).... 680 Nutley, (03) 7,987 Oakhurst, (OS).... 300 Oakland, (G2) 628 Oaklyn. (C7) 793 Oak Ridge, (F2)... 110 Oak Tree, (F4) 200 Ocean City, (E9)..3,721 Oceangate, (07)... 100 Ocean Grove. (H6) 3,100 Oceanic, (OS) 600 Occanport, (OS). .. 400 Ocean View, (ElO) 150 Oceanville, (F9)... 300 Ogdensburg. (E2).. 600 Old Bridge, (FS)... 1,000 OldTappan. (H2).. 313 Oradell, (G3) 800 Orange, (F3) 29,805 Ormond, (D9) 100 Orston, (C7) 180 Osbornsville, (06) 660 Ottcns, (DID 110 Overbrook, (C7)... ISO Oxford. (D3) 2,600 Palisade, (H3) 250 Palisades Park, (H3) 2,264 Palmyra, (D6). .. .2,500 Papakating, (E2).. 100 Parkcrtown, (F8).. ISO Park Ridge, (G2).. 1,643 Parlin, (FS) ISO Parry, (D6) 130 Parsippany, (F3).. 230 Passaic, (03). .. .61.225 Paterson, (03). .124,815 Pattenburg, (C4).. 300 Paulsboro, (B7)... 2,876 Peapack, (E4) 1,346 Pedricktown. (B7) 600 Peermont, (EIO).,. 100 Peetzburg, (H3)... 370 Pemberton, (E7)... 793 Pennington, (D5).. 944 Penns Grove. (B8) 4.412 Pennsville, (A8)... 400 Pensauken, (C7)... 500 Penwell, (D3) 250 Perrineville. (F6) . . 200 Perth Amboy.(G5)39. 719 Petersburg, (09), . 180 Phillipsburg, (C4) 15,430 Pine Brook, (F3)... 280 Pitman, (C8) 2,577 Pittsgrove, (C8)... 110 Pittstown, (D4)... 150 Plainfield, (F4). . .24,516 Pleasant Mills, (E8) 100 Pleasantville, (E9) 4,863 Pluckemin, (E4)... ISO Point Pleasant, (G6) 650 Point Pleasant Beach, (06) 1,204 Pointville, (E6)... 300 Pompton Lakes, (02) 1.400 Pompton Plains. (F3) 320 Porchtown, (C8).. 180 Port Colden, (D3) 310 Port Elizabeth. (09) 200 Port Monmouth, (05) 650 Port Morris, (E3).. 560 Port Murry, (03).. 310 Port Norris. (C9).. 1,350 Port Republic. (E8) 422 Pottersville, (04).. 200 Princeton. (E5) 5.678 Prospect Park, (03) 3,853 Prospect Plains, (FS) 100 Prospertown, (F6) 100 Quakertown. (D4) 250 (Juinton, (B8) 900 Rahway, (F4) 9,586 Ramsey, (02) 1,973 Rancocas, (D6) 330 Raritan, (E4) 4,028 Readington, (D4).. 200 Reaville, (D5) 300 Red Bank, (G5)... 8,631 Richfield, (03).... 210 Richland, (09) 180 Richwood, (C8)... 180 Ridgeficid, (H3)... 1,187 Ridgefield Park, (03) 3.000 Ridgewood, (03).. 6.729 RiegelsvUle. (C4)... 500 Ringoes, (OS) 330 Ringwood Manor, (F2) 210 Rio Grande, (OlO) 250 Risley, (09) 200 River Edge, (03).. 380 Riverside. (G3).... 949 Riverside, (06) 3,800 Riverton, (06) 2,141 Rivcrvale, (03) 350 Roadstown, (B9).. 220 Robbinsville, (E6) 130 Rochelle Park. (03) 300 Rockaway, (E3)... 2,224 Rocksburg, (C3)... 100 Rocky Hill. (E5)... 470 Roebling. (06).... 750 Roosevelt, (G4)... 8,049 Roseland. (02).... 593 Roselle, (F4) 3,823 Roselle Park, (F4) 4,327 Roscnhayn. (C9) . . 600 Rumson. (GS) 1,583 Runncmede. (C7).. 100 Rustic, (E3) 100 Rutherford, (03). .8.347 Saddle River, (02) 555 Salem. (B8) 6.953 Sayreville, (FS) 5,000 Schooleys Mt., (03) 180 Scotch Plains, (F4) 1. 000 Scullville. (E9).... 200 Sea Bright, (H5),.. 1,327 3ealsle City, (EIO) 955 Seaside Park, (07) 275 Seaside Heights, (G7) 252 Seavillc, (EIO) 200 Secaucus, (03). .. .4.906 Scrgeantsville, (OS) 200 Sewaren, (04) 100 Sewell, (C7) 200 Shadyside, (H3)... 800 Sharptown, (B8). . . 230 Shiloh. (B9) 400 Short Hills. (F4)... 350 Shrewsbury, (05).. 400 Sicklerville, (D8).. 230 Silver Lake. (03).. 250 Silverton, (06) 100 Singac, (F3) 210 Smiths Landing, (B9) 400 Smithville. (E7)... 37S Soraets Point, (E9) 790 Somerville, (E4). ..6.038 South Amboy. (05)7,482 Southard, (06).... 400 South Boundbrook, (F4) 1,108 South Branch, (E4) 200 S. Cape May. (Oil) 19 South Dennis, (DIO) 200 South Orange, (F3) 5,866 S. Plainfield, (F4).. 300 South River, (F5).. 6,691 S. Seaville, (010).. 300 S. Vineland, (C9).. 500 Sparta, (E2) 800 Spotswood, (F5). . . 683 Springfield. (F4). .. 600 Spring Lake Beach, (H6) 1,393 Springtown. (C4).. 330 Stanhope, (E3). ... 1.028 Stanley. (F4) 210 Stanton. (04) 120 StanwickAve., (07) 400 SteelmanvUle, (£9) 300 Stephensburg, (03) 180 Stewartsville. (C4) 560 Stillwater. (02)... 120 Stirling, (E4) 540 Stockholm, (F2). .. 430 Stockton, (DS) 613 Stoneharbor, (EIO) 459 Stoutsburg, (05).. 100 Stratford. (07).... 100 Succasunna. (E3).. . 610 Summit. (F4) 9,136 Surf, (08) 44 Sussei, (E2) 1,251 Swainton, (DIO)... 310 Swedesboro, (B7).. 1.738 Sykesville. (E6)... 130 Tabor. (F3) 200 Tansboro, (D7)... 480 Tenafly, (H3) 2,999 Tennent, (FS) 100 Thorofare, (C7).... 130 Three Bridges. (04) 300 Tinton Falls. (OS).. 200 Titusville, (05)... 300 Toms River. (07).. 2,200 Towaco, (F3) 150 Townley, (F4) 300 Tremley, (F4) ISO TRENTON, (E6)103,190 Troyhills, (F3) 110 Tuckahoe. (D9)... 800 Tuckerton. (F8)... 1,312 Turnersville, (C7).. 180 Union, (03) 21,739 Union, (F4) 1,900 Upper Montclair, (03) 1,100 Upper Saddle River, (02) 364 Van Hiseville, (F6) 320 Vauxhall, (F4).... 600 Ventnor, (F9) 1,676 Vernon, (E2) 200 Verona, (F3) 2,643 Vienna. (03) 300 Villa Park. (06).... 100 Vincentown, (E7). . 900 Vineland, (C9). .. .6,531 Waldwick, (02)... 900 Wallington, (03).. 4,071 Wallpack Center, (D2) 100 Wanaque, (F2) 400 Waretown, (07)... 300 Warren Paper Mills, (C4) 150 Warrenville, (E4).. 130 Washington. (03) 3,250 Watchung, (F4)... 100 Waterlord Works, (08) 300 Waterloo. (03) 130 Wayne. (F3) 210 Wayside, (G6).... 200 Weehawken, (H3) 13,488 Wenonah, (C7).... 821 West Caldwell. (F3) 690 West Cape May, (DID 1,068 West CoUingswood, (C7) 600 West Creek, (F8).. 275 West End, (H5)... 150 Westfield, (F4),.. 8.147 West Freehold. (FS) 230 W.Hoboken.(H3) 38,776 West Long Branch, (05) 1,065 West Milford, (F2) 210 Westmont, (C7)... 280 West New York, (03) 22,943 West Orange, (F3) 13,610 W. Paterson, (G3) 1,535 West Point Pleasant, (06) 290 West Portal, (C4).. 250 Westville, (C7). .. .2,036 Westwood, (03)... 2,217 Weymouth, (08).. 973 Wharton, (E3). .. .2,591 Whippany, (F3)... 970 Whitehouse. (E4).. 100 Whitehouse Station, (E4) 350 Whitesboro, (DIO). 120 Whitesville (F6) ... 200 Wilburtha, (OS)... 200 Wildwood, (Oil).. 3,858 Wildwood Crest, (Oil) 317 Williamstown. (D8) 1,600 Windsor, (E6) 300 Winslow, (D8).... 250 Woodbine. (DIO).. 1.869 Woodbridge,(F4).. 4.500 Woodbury. (C7)... 5,288 Woodbury H'ts.,(C7) 339 WoodcliffLake. (G2) 522 Woodlynne, (C7).. 878 Woodridge. (03)... 1.500 Woodstown, (B8).. 1,507 Woodsville, (DS).. 100 Wortendyke, (G3) 450 Wrightstown, (E6) 220 Wyckofl. (02) 390 Yardville, (E6).... 350 Yorktown, (B8)... 180 NEW MEXICO Abiquiu. (C2) 500 Acme, (ES) 120 Alameda, (C3) 400 Alamogordo, (C6).. 3,600 Albert, (F3) 180 Albuquerque, (C3). 11,020 Alcalde, (D2) 300 Algodones, (C3)-.- 280 Alma, (AS) 130 Anthony. (C6) 250 Anton Chico, (E3). 850 Arroyohondo, (02) 490 Arroyo Seco, (D2). 400 Artcsia, (E6) 1,883 Atrisco, (C3) 540 Aurora, (D2) 100 Aztec, (A2) 509 Baldy, (D2) 120 Bayard, (A6) 200 Belen. (C4) 680 Bent, (DS) 300 Bernalillo, (C3)...- 770 Beulah,(03) 200 Bibo, (B3) 200 Bland. (C3) 620 Bloomfield, (B2)... 250 Blossburg, (E2)... 190 Bonito. (DS) 300 Brice, (C6) 100 Buckman, (C3) 200 Canjilon, (C2) 100 Capitan, (D5) 100 Carlsbad, (E6) 1,736 Carrizozo, (DS)... 750 Carthage, (CS) 150 Casasalazar, (B3).. 130 Casaus, (D3) 200 Catskill, (E2) 640 Cedarhill, (B2) 180 Central, (A6) 510 Cerrillos, (C3) 110 Cerro, (D2) 500 Chacon, (D2) 200 Chama, (C2) 300 Chamberino, (C6).. 600 Chamisal, (D2) 150 Chamita, (02) 410 Chaperito, (E3)... 380 Charlotte, (F4) ISO Chilili, (C4) 400 Chimayo, (D3) 320 Cim.arron, (E2) 940 Clarkville, (A3)... 250 Clayton, (F2) 970 Cleveland, (D3)... 620 Cloudcroft, (D6).. 250 Clovis, (F4) 3,255 Cochiti, (C3) 300 Colmor, (E2) 240 Colorado. (B6) 750 Cooks, (B6) 510 Cooney, (AS) 200 Accord, (M13).,.. 380 Acidalia, (K13).... 130 Acra, (MID 110 Adams, (H5) 1,571 Adams Basin, (E8) 270 Adams Center, (H5) 6S0 Addison, (F12). ... 1,754 Adrian, (Ell) 500 Alton, (J12) 754 Akron, (C8) 1.856 Alabama. (08).... 230 ALBANY, (NIO) 107,979 Albion, (08) 5,988 Alburg, (LI) 360 Alcove, (Nil) 100 Alden, (C9) 777 Alden Center, (C9) ISO Alder Creek, (K7).. ISO Alexander, (D9)... 259 Alexandria Bay, (J3) 2,062 Alfred, (E12) 677 Alfred Station, (Ell) 140 Allaben, (M12).... 250 Allegany, (C12). .. 1,327 Allenshill, (F9)..,. 220 Allentown. (012).. 660 Alligerville. (M13) 250 AUoway. (F8) 100 Alma, (D12) 150 Almond. (Ell).... 680 Alpine, (Oil) 180 Alplaus, (N9) 120 Alps, (NIO) 150 AUen, (N12) 100 Altamont, (MIO).. 805 Altay. (FID :. 200 Altmar, (H6) 390 Alton, (08) 350 Altona, (Nl) 500 Alvord, (M7) 130 Amagansett, (R17) 600 Amawalk, (N15)... 200 Amber, (H9) 150 Amboy Center, (J7) 100 Amenia, (N13). . .1,200 Amenia Union, (N13) 100 Ames. (L9) 160 Amityville. (018).. 2.780 Amsterdam, (M9) 34,319 Ancram. (N12) 350 Andes. (L12) 405 Andover, (E12), . .1.154 Angelica. (Oil). .. 1,138 Angola, (BIO) 1,194 Annandale, (N12).. 130 Antwerp, (J4) 1,057 Apalachin, (HI2).. 400 Appleton. (C7).... 200 Apulia. (H9) 150 Apulia Station. (H9) 160 Aquebogue, (P17). . 320 Aquetuck, (Nil).. 250 Arcade, (OlO) 1,568 Arden, (M15) 200 Ardsley, (N16).... 442 Arena, (L12) 200 Copper, (C3) 200 Cordova, (D2) 350 Corona, (D4) 200 Costilla, (02) 500 Coyote, (C2) 370 Cubero, (B3) 3S0 Cuchillo, (B5) 200 Cuervo, (E3) 300 Dawson, (E2) 100 Dayton, (E6) 280 Deming. (B6) 1,864 Des Moines, (F2).. 200 Dexter, (ES) 242 Domingo, (C3) 100 Dona Ana. (C6)... 750 Dorsey, (E2) 220 Duran, (D4) 150 East Las Vegas,(E3) 3,755 Elida, (FS) 327 Elizabethtown, (02) 580 ElRito, (C2) 650 Endee, (F3) 290 Espanola, (C3) 550 Estancia, (D4) 517 Fairview. (BS) 240 Farmington, (A2) .. 785 Fierro, (A6) 700 Floravista, (B2)... 240 Folsom. (F2) 484 Fort Bayard, (A6). 550 Fort Stanton, (D5). 200 Argusville, (L9)... 150 Argyle. (08) 223 Arkport, (Ell).... 538 Arkville, (L12).... 430 Arlington, (N14).. 750 Armonk. (N16) 270 Armor, (CIO) 110 Ashford, (CU).... 300 Ashland, (MID... 780 Ashokan, (M13)... 150 Ashville, (B12).... 400 Ashwood, (D7).... 100 Assembly Park, (HIO) 190 Athens, (Nil) 1,92S Athol, (N7) 110 Athol Springs, (C9) 300 Atlanta, (FIO).... 290 Attica, (D9) 2,013 Atwood, (M13).... 200 Auburn, (09) 32,468 Augusta. (K9) 300 Aurelius. (09) 100 Auriesville. (M9).. 130 Aurora. (0 10) 396 Ausable Chasm, (02) 500 Au Sable Forks, (N3) 2,600 AusterliU, (Oil).. 100 Averillpark. (NIO). 450 Avoca, (FU) 1.083 Avon. (E9) 2,430 Awosting, (M14). . 500 Babylon, (018). .. .3.100 Fort Sumner, (E4). 400 Fort Wingate, (A3). 550 Fruitland. (A2) 450 Oalisteo, (03) 730 Oallina, (C2) 260 Gallup. (A3) 2,204 Gardiner, (E2) 970 Gibson, (A3) 400 Gila, (A6) 350 Glenwood, (AS)... IOO Glorieta, (D3) 250 Golden (C3) 330 Grady. (F4) 120 Guadalupita, (D2). 300 Ouillou, (03) 580 Guique, (02) 400 Hagerman, (E5) 449 Hatch, (B6) 100 Heaton, (A3) 300 Hillsboro, (B6) 1,000 Hodges. (D2) 200 Hope, (E6).. 417 Hurlburt, (DS) 100 Ildefonzo. (C3) 100 Isidore, (E3) 200 Isleta, (C4) 1,000 Jarales, (C4) 850 Temes, (C3) 525 Jeraez Springs, (C3) 200 Jicarilla. (D5) 130 keUy, (B4) 620 Kingston, (B6) 290 Lacueva, (D3) 570 Laguna, (B4) 1,000 Laioya, (C4) 350 Lake Arthur, (E5). 344 Lake Valley, (B6).. 220 Lakewood, (E6)... 250 Laluz, (DS) 450 La Mesa. (C6) 300 Lamy, (03) 150 Laplata. (A2) 230 Largo, (B2) 450 Lascruces, (C6) 3,836 LasPalomas. (B5). 230 Las Vegas, (03)... 3,179 Lemitar, (B4) 430 Liberty, (A2) 250 Lincoln, (DS) 1,100 Lobo,(D2) 100 Logan, (F3) 100 Lordsburg, (A6)... 1,000 LosLunas, (C4)... 460 Lucero, (D2) 200 Lumberton, (C2).. 470 Luna, (AS) 200 Madrid, (C3) 430 Magdalena, (B4).. 900 Manzano, (C4) 650 Maxwell, (E2) 270 Mayhill, (D6) 290 Melrose, (F4) 1,000 Mescalero, (DS)... 160 Mesilla, (C6) 1,300 Miera, (F2). 450 Milligan, (BS) 300 Mimbres, (36) 300 Mogollon, (AS) 600 Monero, (C2) 180 Monticello, (BS) 400 Montoya, (F3) 300 Mora, (D3) 1,400 Mountain Park, (D6) 320 Nara Visa, (F3) 200 Nogal, (DS) 170 Nutt, (B6) 100 Ocate, (E2) 200 Old Albuquerque,(C3) 750 Organ, (C6) 260 Orogrande, (DO) 400 Pajarito, (C3) 390 Paraje, (BS) 290 Parkview, (C2) 820 Pecos, (D3) 540 Penablanca, (C3)... 100 Penasco, (D2) 890 Peralta, (C4) 570 Petaca, (D2) 350 Picacho, (ES) 390 Pines, (C3) 150 Pinos Altos, (A6) 1,100 Placitas, (C3) 200 Pojuaque, (D3).... 800 NEW YORK 1915 STATE CENSUS FIGURES Bacon Hill, (N8)... 200 Bainbridge, (Kll) 1,201 Baiting Hollow, (P17) 250 Baldwin, (N18).... 3,000 Baldwinsville, (H8) 3,220 BalUton Lake, (N9) 200 Ballston Spa, (N8) 4,344 Bangall, (N13).... ISO Bangor. (Ml) 600 Banksville, (NI6) ISO Bardonia. (M16).. IOO Barker. (C7) 550 Barkersville. (N8) 100 Barnard, (E8) ISO Barnerville, (MIO) 100 Barnes, (Oil) 130 Barnes Corners, (JS) 200 Barre Center. (08) 200 Barrytown, (N13).. 400 Barryville, (LIS).. 300 Bartlett, (K8) 150 Barton. (H12) 200 Batavia. (09). ... 13,278 Batchellerville, (M8) 150 Bath, (FID 5,449 Battenville, (08).. 280 Bay Pond. (M3)... ISO Bayport. (017).... 740 Bay Shore. (018).. 3,400 Bayville. (N17) 500 Beachridge. (C8).. 100 Beacon. (N15) . ..10,165 Beaver Dams. (Oil) 500 Beaver Falls. (K5) 800 Bedford, (N16)... . 300 Bedford Hills. (N16) 600 Beekman. (N14). .. 250 Beekmantown. (Nl) 155 Beerston, (K12)... 150 Belden, (J12) 100 Belfast, (Oil) 900 Belfort, (KS) 100 Belgium, (H8) 180 Belle Isle, (H8) 330 Belleville, (HS) 280 Bellevue, (C9) 400 Bellmore, (N18)... 600 Bellona, (FIO) 250 Bellport, (P17) 499 Bellvale, (MIS)... 350 Belmont, (D12). ...1,031 Belmont Center, (Ml) 300 Belvidere. (DID.. 200 Bemis Heights. (N9) 100 Bemus Point, (B12) 270 Bennettsburg, (OH) 110 Bennettsville, (K12) 130 Bennington, (09). . 300 Benson Mines, (L4) 900 Benton Center, (FIO) 140 Bergen, (E8) 639 Bergholtz, (C8) 190 Berkshire, (HID.. 500 Berlin, (OlO) 700 Berne, (MIO) 350 BemhardsBay, (J7) 150 Bethany, (D9) 160 Bethel, (L14) 300 Bidwell, (F8) 200 Bigcreek, (EID... 500 Big Flats, (012)... 700 Biglndian. (M12).. 130 Bigtree, (C9) 210 Binghamton,(J12) 53.668 Binnewatcr. (M13) 400 Bishjp Street. (HS) 140 Blackbrook. (N3).. 200 Black Creek, (DID 130 Black River. (JS).. 857 Blaine. (L9) 100 Blasdell. (C9) 849 Blauvelt. (N16).... 350 Bleecker. (M8).... 530 Bliiis. (DIO) 400 Blodgctt Mills, (HIO) 150 Bloomingburg,(M14)500 Bloomingdale. (M3) 394 Blooming Grove, (MIS) 120 Bloomington. (M13) 400 Bloomville. (LID.. 350 Blossom. (C9) 150 Blossvale. (J7).... 120 Blue Mountain Lake, (MS) ISO Blue Point. (017),. 500 Bohemia, (017)... 300 Bolivar, (D12). .. .1.260 Bolton, (N6) .300 Polvadera, (B4) 420 Portales, (F4) 1,292 Puerto deLuna,(E4) 1,100 Punta, (D4) 100 Putnam, (B2) 200 Questa, (02) 650 Ranches of Taos, (02) 1,400 Raton. (E2) 4,539 Red River, (D2).... 210 Redrock, (A6) 190 Ricardo, (E4) ISO Rincon, (C6) 280 Rosedale, (B5) 150 Roswell, (E5) 6,172 Roy, (E3) 400 Ruidoso, (05) 350 Sabinal, (C4). 320 San Acacia, (B4)... 460 San Antonio, (C4).. 370 San Antonio, (C5).. 650 Sandoval, (C3) 620 San Jose, (D3) 610 San Juan, (C4) 400 San Lorenzo, (B6).. 330 San Marcial, (BS).. 1,000 San Mateo, (B3) 330 San Pedro, (C3) 460 San Rafael, (A3) 700 Santa Cruz, (D3)... 680 SANTA FE,(C3).„ 5,072 Bolton Landing, (N6) 400 Bombay, (LI) 350 Booraertown, (B12) 100 Boonville, (K7) 1,909 Boquct, (03) 250 Border City, (09).. 200 Borodino. (H9) 200 Boston, (CIO) 500 Bouckville, (J9)... 250 Bovina Center, (LID 190 Bowens Corners, (H7) 190 Bowmansville, (C9) 300 Bradford. (Fll).. 300 Brainard. (Nil)... 200 Brainard Sta., (NIO) 130 Brainardsville, (Ml) 200 Branchport. (FlOl 300 Brant. (BIO) 2,50 Brasher Falls. (LI) 600 Brasher Iron Works, (LI) 100 Breakabeen, (MIO) 200 Breesport. (012).. 500 Brentwood. (017).. 800 Brewerton. (H8),.. 630 Brewster. (NIS). .. 1,402 Briarcliff Manor, (N16) 1,221 Bridgehampton, (RI7) 1,500 Bridgeport, (J8)... 400 Santa Rita, fB6) 1,900 Santa Rosa. (E4)... 1,000 Sapello, (03) 360 Sawyer, (B4) 500 Seama, (B3) .; 220 Sherman, (B6)..,._ 100 Silver City, (A6)..l. 3,217 Socorro, (C4) 1,560 Springer, (E2) 550 Steeplerock, (A6) .. 100 Steins, (.\6) ISO Tajique, (C4) 320 Taos, (D2) 1,400 Tecolote, (D3) 510 Texico, (F4) _. 409 TierraAmarilla,(C2). 850 Tome, (C4) 1,000 Torreon, (C4) IOO Truchas, (D2) IOO Tucumcari, (F3) 2,526 Tularosa, (C5) 760 Tyrone, (A6) 250 Valencia, (C4) 460 Vallecitos, (C2) 620 Variadero, (E3) 300 Wagonmound, (E3). 900 Watrous. (E3) 250 Weed, (06) 520 Whiteoaks. (D5)... 300 Willard, (D4)...;.. ISO Zuni, (A3)...... 1,300 Bridgewater. (K9) 258 Brier Hill, (J2) 200 Brighton. (E8) I.OOO Brightwaters. (018) 150 Bristol. (F9) 1.50 Bristol Center. (F9) ISO Broadalbin, (MS).. 800 Brockport. (E8)... 3.368 Brocton. (BID 1.292 Bronxville, (N17).. 2,240 Brookdale, (LD... 100 Brookfield. (K9)... 400 Brook Haven, (P17) 350 Brooklyn, (N18) 1,798,513 Brookton, (HID.. 300 Brookview. (NIO).. 200 Broome Center, (MID ISO Brown Station, (M13) ISO Brownville, (J4)... 885 Brushton. (Ml)... 660 Buchanan. (N15).. 300 Bucksbridge. (K2) 100 Buffalo. ((C9)... 454,630 Bullville, (M14)... 100 Bundys. (H7) 190 Burden. (N12).... 100 Burdett. (Oil) 375 Burke. (MI) 300 Buriingham, (M14) 200 Burlington Flats, (KlO) 300 364 (NEW YORK) INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES Burnhams, (BID.. 100 Burnt Hills, (N9).. 180 BurreMilU, US) ... UO Burt, (C7) 100 Burtonsville, (M9) 130 Bushnellsville, (M12) 150 Bushville, (L14)... 130 Bushkirk Bridge, (09) 320 Busti. (B12) 300 Byron, (D8) 350 Cadiz, (DID 100 Cadosia, {K13).... 500 Cadyville. (N2)... 100 Cairo, (Mil) 800 Calcium, (J4) 110 Caldwell, (N7).... 650 Caledonia, (E9)... 1,241 Callicoon, (K13).. 800 Callicoou Center, (L13) 250 Calverton, (PI").. 210 Cambridge, (08)... 1,727 Camden, (J7) 2,181 Cameron, (F12)... 500 Camillas, (H8).... 840 Campbell, (F12)... 500 Campbell Hall, (M15) 140 Canaan, (Oil).... 220 Canajoharie, (L9) . .2,474 Canandaigua, (F9) 7,501 Canaseraga, (Ell) 668 Canastota, (J8). .. .3,849 Candor, (H12).... 749 Caneadea, (DU).. 450 Canisteo, (Ell)... 2,314 Cannonsville, (K12) 300 Canoga, (G9) 150 Canton, (K2) 2,624 Cape Vincent, (H4) 1,102 Capron, (K8) 600 Cardiff, (H9) 100 CarlUle, (MIO).... 300 Carman, (N9) 450 Carmel, (N15) 800 Caroga Lake, (M8) 110 Caroline, (HID... 200 Caroline Center, (HID 200 Caroline Depot, (HID 100 CarroUton, (C12).. 200 Carthage, (J5). .. .3,871 Cascade Valley, 012) 100 Cassadaga, (Ell).. 430 Cassville, (K9).... 200 Castile, (DIO) 962 Castle Creek, (112) 200 Castleton, (NlO).. 1,583 Castorland, QS).. 300 CaUtonk, (H12)... 200 Catharine, (Gil).. 100 Cato, (G8) 390 Caton, (F12) 200 Catskill, (N12).... 5,371 Cattaraugus, (CU) 1,276 Caughdenoy, (H7) 250 Cayuga, (G9) 373 Cayuta, (GID... 100 Cayutaville, (Gil) 110 Cazenovia, (19).. .. 1,928 Cedar Hill, (NlO).. 200 Cedarhurst, (N18) 2,657 Cedarvale, (H9)... 200 CedarviUe, (K9)... 150 Celaron, (B12). ... 720 Cementon, (N12).. 600 Center Berlin, (010) 100 Center Brunswick, (N9) 130 Center Cambridge, (09) 360 Center Lisle, (HU) 230 Center Moriches, (P17) 1,000 Centerport, (017).. 490 Center Village, U12) 150 Centerville, (DU) 150 Centerville Station, (L14) 900 Central Bridge, (MIO) 400 Centralia, (Bll)... 150 Central Islip, (017) 400 Central Park, (N18) 530 Central Square, (H7) 481 Central Valley, (M15) 800 Ceres, (D12) 350 Chadwicks, (K8).. 380 Chafee, (DIO) 200 Champion, (J5),,. 200 Champlain, (01). 1,279 Chapin, (F9) 300 Chappaqua, (N16) 900 Charleston Four Comers, (M9)... 110 Charlotte. (E8) 2,302 Charlotte Center, (BID 100 Charlotteville, (LIO) 250 Charlton, (N9).... 100 Chase MilU,(Kl).. 110 Chateaugay, (Ml) 1,196 Chateaugay Lake. (Ml) 220 Chatham. (Nil)... 2,389 Chatham Center, (Nil) 220 Chaumont, (H4)... 682 Chauncey, (N17).. 200 Chautauqua, (B12) 500 Chazy, (01) 700 ChazyLake.(N2).. 200 Chelsea, (N14) 200 Chemung, (G12), .. 390 Chenango Bridge, (J12) 250 Chenango Forks, ai2) 500 Chcpachet, (K9).. 100 Cherry Creek, (Bll) 720 Cherry Valley, (L9) 762 Cheshire, (F9).... 200 Chester, (M15). ... 1,280 Chestertown, (N6) 300 Chesterville, (MIO) 170 Cheviot, (N12). ... 140 Chichester, (M12) 600 Chili, (E8) 100 Chipmonk, (C12).. 150 Chippewa Bay, U3) 120 Chittenango, (J8).. 1,074 Chittenango Falls, (J9) 200 Chittenango Station, (J8) 150 Churchtown, (N12) 130 Churchville, (E8).. 583 Churubusco, (Nl).. 120 Cicero, (H8) 400 Cincinnatus, (J 10) 400 Circleville, (M14).. 120 Clarence, (C9) 500 Clarence Center, (C8) 400 Clarendon, (D8)... 100 Clark Mills, (K8).. 600 Clarkson, (E8) 300 Clarksville, (NlO).. 400 Claryville, (L13)... 130 Claverack, (N12).. 400 Claverhouse,(E7).. 400 Clayburg, (N2).... 150 Clayton, (H4) 1,879 Clayville, (K9) 972 demons, (06) .... 320 Clermont, (N12)... 120 Cleveland, (J8) 660 Clifton, (E8) 250 Clifton Park, (N9) 120 Clifton Springs, (F9) 1,664 Clinton, (K8) 1,264 Clinton Corners, (N13) 320 Clintondale, (M14) 1,000 Clinton Hollow, (N13) 300 Clintonville, (N3).. 260 Clockville, (J8) 180 Clove, (N14) 130 Clove Valley, (N 14) 130 Clyde, (08) 2,699 Clymer, (A12) 450 Cobleskill, (MIO).. 2,362 Cochecton, (KI4).. 190 Cochecton Center, (L14) 100 Coeymans, (Nil).. 1,000 Coeymans Hollow, (Nil) 410 Cohocton, (ElO)... 958 Cohoes, (N9) 23,433 Cold Brook, (K8).. 274 Colden, (CIO) 400 Cold Spring, (N15) 2.549 Cold Spring Harbor. (N17) 750 Cold Water. (E8).. 200 Colliersville, (KIO) 100 Collins. (CIO) 200 Collins Center. (Cll) 350 Collinsville. (K6).. 100 Colosse. (H7) 150 Colton, (L2) 700 Columbiaville. (Nil) 300 Columbus. (KIO).. 100 Commack, (017).. 300 Comstock, (07) 150 Concord, (CIO).... 150 Conesus, (ElO) 500 Conesville, (MID.. 730 Conewango, (B12) 200 Conewango Valley, (B12) 200 Congers, (N16).... 700 Conklingville, (N7) 150 Connelly, (N13)... 800 Conquest, (G8).... 100 Constable, (Ml)... 200 Constableville, (K6) 391 Constantia, (J7)... 260 Cooks Falls, (L13) 400 Cooley, (L13) 100 Coomer, (C8) 120 Coopers Plains, (F12) 300 Cooperstown, (LIO) 2,634 Cooperstown Junc- tion, (LID 450 Coopersville, (01).. 120 Copake, (N12).... 200 Copake Falls, (N12) 300 Copenhagen, (J5). . 695 Copiague, (018)... 200 Coram, (P17) 160 Corbettsville, (J12) 200 Corfu, (D9) 515 Corinth, (N8) 2,415 Corning, (F12). .. 13,459 Cornwall, (M15).. 2,658 Cornwall Landing, (NIS) 300 Cornwall on the Hudson, (N15).. 2,240 Cortland. (HIO). . 12,367 Cossayuna, (08)... 210 Cottage, (BID... . 110 County Line, (D7) 100 Coventry, (JU)... 150 Covert, (GIO) 200 Covington, (D9)... 100 Cowlesville, (D9) . . 200 Coxsackie, (Nil).. 2. 309 Cragsmoor, (M14) 100 Craigville, (M15).. 150 Cranesville, (M9).. 100 Crary Mills, (K2).. 120 Craryville, (N12).. 130 Craterclub, (03)... 200 Crawford, (M14).. 140 Creek Locks, (M13) SCO Crescent, (N9) 320 Crittenden, (D9).. 150 Croghan, (K5).... 659 Cropseyville, (NlO) 210 Cross River, (N15) 100 Croton Falls, (N15) 450 Croton on Hudson. (N16) 2,243 Crown Point, (05) 1,900 Crown Point Center, (05) 200 Crugers, (N16).... 210 Crystal Run, (M15) 150 Crystal Spring, (FID 150 Cuba, (012) 1,645 Cuddebackville. (LIS) 150 Cutchoguc. (P16).. 850 Cuyler. (JIO) 130 Cuylerville, (E9)... 250 Dahlia. (L13) 200 Dale, (D9) 180 Dalton, (ElO) 530 Damascus, (J12). . . 200 Danby, (HID 100 Dannemora, (N2). . 869 Dansville, (ElO). . .3,975 Darien, (D9) 200' Darien Center, (D9) 200 Davenport, (LID. . 400 Davenport Center. (LID 180 Daysville, (H6).... 130 Dayton. (CU).... 500 Deansboro, (K9)... 250 Debruce, (L13) 250 Deerfield, (K8).... 760 Deerhead, (N3)... 300 Deer Park, (017). . 155 Deer River, (J5)... 200 Deferiet, (J4) 800 Degrasse, (K3) 100 Dekalb, (K3) 130 Dekalb June, (K2) 450 DeLancey. (L12).. 200 Delanson, (MIO).. 450 Delevan. (DU)-. 557 Delhi. (LID 1,743 Dellwood, (C9).... 120 Delmar. (NlO).... 400 Delphi Falls. (J9).. 230 Delta. (K.7) 120 Demster, (H6) 500 Denmark. 05).... 100 Depauville. (H4).. 350 Depew. (C9) 4,932 De Pcyster, (K2).. 100 Deposit, (K12) 1,026 Derby. (CIO) 250 Derrick. (L3) 350 De Ruyter. (J9)... 604 Devereaux, (CU).. 100 DeWitt, (H8) 150 Dewittville, (B12) ISO Dexter, (H4) 1,145 Diamond Point, (N7) 150 Dickinson. (L2). . . 100 Dickinson Center. (L2) 200 Disco. (N2) 110 Dobbs Ferry. (N16) 4,030 Dolgeville. (L8)... 3,326 Dorloo. (LIO) 200 Dormansville, (NlO) 100 Dover Plains. (N 14) 800 Downsville. (L12).. 550 Dresden. (GIO)... 326 Dresden Sta.. (06). 250 Dresserville. (HIO) 150 Drybrook, (L12)... 120 Dryden. (HU).... 722 Duane, (M2) 370 Duanesburg. (M9) 200 Dundee. (GIO) 1,236 Dunkirk, (Bll). ..17.870 Dunraven. (L12).. 100 Durham. (Mil)... 280 Durhamville. 08).. 800 Dutchess June, (N15)500 Dykeraans, (N15) 130 Eagle, (DIO) 160 Eagle Bridge, <09) 300 Eagle Harbor. (D8) 320 Eagle Mills. (NlO) 500 Eagle Nest. (L5)... 100 Earlville, QIO) 845 East Amherst, (C8) 150 East Aurora, (C9).. 4,025 East Avon, (E9)... 250 East Beekmantown. (01) ISO East Bethany, (D9) 200 E. Bloomficid, (F9) 700 East Branch. (KI3) 300 E. Chatham, (Nil) 200 E. Cobleskill, (MIO) 100 E.Durham, (Mil). 250 East Eden, (CIO).. 110 East Elma. (C9). .. 100 East Florence. (J7) 200 East Galway, (N8) 130 E. Greenbush, (NlO) 160 E. Greenwich, (08) 150 E. Groveland, (ElO) 210 East Guilford, (KID ISO E. Hamilton, (K9). 100 E.Hampton, (R17) 2,100 East Hartford, (07) 200 E. Hounsfield, (H5) . 100 East Islip, (01 7)... 1,000 East Jewett, (M12) 100 E. Kingston, (Ml3) 400 EastKoy, (DIO). .. 150 East Lansing. (HIO) 60 East Marion, (R16) 400 E.Meredith, (LI 1). 300 E. Moriches. (P17) 850 East Nassau, (NlO) 200 E. Northport, (017) 300 East Norwich. (N17) 500 Easton, (08) 200 E. Onondaga, (H9) . 400 EastOtto, (CID... 300 East Palmyra. (F8) 250 East Park. (N13).. 200 E. Patchogue. (P17) 250 E. Pembroke. (D9) 500 E. Pharsalia. (JIO) 120 East Pitcairn. (K4) 130 E. Poestenkill, (OlO) 100 Eastport. (P17)... 400 East QuoKue, (P17) 300 E. Randolph. (C12) 582 E. Rochester, (E8) 3,471 East Rockaway. (N18) 1,607 East Rodman, (J5) 100 E. Schodack, (NlO) 200 East Schuyler, (K8) 130 East Setauket. (017) 690 EastShelby,(D8).. 150 E. Springfield. (L9) 200 East Steuben, (K7) 100 E.Syracuse, (H8).. 3,839 Eastview, (N16). .. 150 E. Williamson, (F7) 100 E. Williston, (N17) 100 East Wilson, (C8).. ISO E. Windham, (Mil) 100 Eastwood, (H8)... 777 E. Worcester, (LIO) SOO Eaton, (J9) 1,200 Ebenezcr, (C9) SOO Eddyville, (CU).. 220 Eddyville, (M13).. 600 Eden, (CIO) 700 Eden Valley, (CIO) 150 Edenville, (MIS).. 150 Edinburg, (MS)..-. 300 Edmeston. (KIO).. 800 Edwards, (K3).... 504 Edwardsville, (J2).. 110 Eggertsville, (C9).. 300 Egypt, (F8) 300 Elba, (D8) 439 Elbridge, (H8).... 475 Eldred, (L14) 150 Elizabethtown, (N4) 530 Elizaville, (N12)... 110 Elkbrook, (K13)... 200 Elk Creek, (LIO)... 100 Ellenburg, (Nl)... 500 Ellenburg Center. (Nl) 250 Ellenburg Depot. (Nl) 180 Ellenville. (M14). .3,073 Ellicottville, (Cll) 881 Ellington, (B12)... 500 Ellisburg. (H6) 316 Elma, (C9) 250 Elmira. (G12) 40,073 Elmira Heights, (G12) 3,154 Elmont, (N18).... ISO Elmsford, (N16). .. 1,380 Elnora, (N9) 180 Elton Station, (DU) 100 Emerick, (N9) SOO Emeryville, (K3).. 200 Eminence, (LIO)... 170 Emmonsburg, (L8) 100 Empire, (Nil).... 200 Endicott, (H12).. .5,581 Enfield Center, (GU) 220 Ephratah, (L9) 500 Erieville, (J9) 250 Erin, (G12) 250 Erwins, (F12) 250 Esopus, (N13) 250 Esperance, (M9).. 241 Essex, (03) 500 Etna, (HID 380 Euclid, (H8) 200 Evans, (BIO) 200 Evans Mills, (J4).. 450 Fabius, (J9) 340 Fairfield, (L8) 2S0 Fair Haven, (G7).. 624 Fairport, (F8) 3,553 Fairville, (F8) 180 Falconer, (B12). . .2,342 FalUburg, (L14)... 100 Farmersville, (DU) 280 Farmersville Sta- tion, (DID 200 Farmingdale, (018) 1,856 FarmingtoE, (F8).. 130 Farnham, (BIO)... 636 Faust, (M4) 300 Fawns, (M12) 100 Fayette, (G9) 250 Fayetteville, (J8).. 1,779 Felts Mills, (J4)... 400 Fentonville, (BI2) 100 Femdale, (L13)... 150 Femwood, (H7).. . 200 Feura Bush, (NIO) 250 Fillmore, (DID-. 400 FindleyLake, (A12) 400 Fine, (K4) 300 Firthcliffe, (MIS).. 300 Fishers, (F8) 200 Fishers Island, (SIS) 300 Fishkill, (N14).... 531 Fishkill Landing, (N14) 3,902 Fishkill Plains, (N14) 170 Fishs Eddy, (K13) 230 Five Comers, (GIO) 150 Flackville, (K2)... 100 Flagg, (N3) 200 Flat Creek, (L9)... 130 Fleischmanns, (L12) 200 Fleming, (G9) 350 Flemingsville, (HI2) 100 Flint, (F9) 100 Floral Park, (NI8) 1,771 Florence, (JT) 250 Florida, (MIS).... 560 Floyd, (K7) 250 Fluvanna, (B12)... 120 Fly Creek, (LIO)... 250 Fonda, (M9) 1,120 Forest, (Nl) 110 Forestburg, (L14).. 100 Forest Home, (HID 130 Forestport, (K7)... 505 Forestville, (Bll). . 740 Forks, (C9) 3,300 Forsyth, (All).... 120 Fort Ann. (07).... 436 Ft. Covington, (Ml) 828 Fort Covington Center, (Ml). ... 100 Fort Edward. (N7) 3,662 Fort Herkimer, (L8) 120 Fort Hunter, (M9) 700 Fort Jackson, (L2) 160 Fort Johnson, (M9) 681 Fort Miller. (N8) . . 300 Fort Montgomery, (M15) 220 Fort Plain, (L9)... 2,923 Fort Salonga, (017) 100 Fosterdale, (LI4).. 110 Fowler, (K3) 100 Fowlerville, (E9) . . 390 Frankfort, (K8)... 4,213 Franklin, (KID... 441 Franklin Springs. (K8) 350 Franklinton, (MIO) 150 Franklinville,(Dll) 2,065 Fredonia, (BID... 5,328 Freehold, (Mil)... 240 Freeman, (F12).... SOO Freeport, (N18). ..7,463 Freetown Corners, (HIO) 540 Freeville, (HIO)... 337 Fremont (Tenter. (K13) 300 French Mt.. (N7).. 110 French Woods, (KI3) 120 Frewsburg, (B12).. 800 Friendship, (D12).. 1,199 Frontier, (Nl).... 120 Fruit Valley, (G7) 100 Fullerville Iron Works, (K4).... 130 Fulton. (H7).... 11,138 Fulton Chain, (K6) 200 Fultonham, (MIO) ISO Fultonville, (M9).. 955 Gabriels, (M3).... 220 Gaines, (D7) 200 Gainesville, (DIO) 340 Gallupville, (MIO) 260 Galway, (M8) 104 Ganahgote, (M14) 100 Gansevoort, (N8).. 200 Garbutt, (E8) 230 Garden City, (N18) 580 Gardenvillc. (C9).. 700 Gardiner, (M14)... 350 Garfield, (OIO).... 400 Gamerville, (M16) 1,300 Garrattsville, (KIO) 230 Garrison, (NIS)... 500 Gasport, (C8) 380 Gates, (E8) 100 Genesee, (E9). .. .2,253 Geneva, (F9). ... 13,232 Genoa, (GIO) 450 Georgetown. (J9).. 900 Germantown.(N12) 800 Gerry. (BI2) 200 Getzville. (C8).... 500 Ghent, (Nil) 300 Gibson, (F12) 280 Gilbert Mills, (H7) 100 Gilbertsville, (KU) 451 Gilboa, (Mil) 400 Gile, (L2) 200 Glasco, (N12) 1,600 Glen, (M9) 350 Glcnburnie, (OS).. 100 Glenco Mills, (N12) 100 Glen Cove, (NI7).. 5,000 Glenfield, (K6).... 180 Glenham, (N14)... 800 GlenHead. (NI7).. ISO Glenmont. (NlO).. 150 Glenora, (GU).... 100 Glenpark, 05)... 650 Glens Falls. (N7) 16,323 Glen Spey, (LIS).. 100 Glenville, (M9).... 250 Glen Wild, (L14).. 160 Glenwood, (CIO).. 120 Glenwood Landing. (N17) 350 Gloversville. (M8) 21,178 Goldenbridge, (N15) 150 C«)odGround,(P17) 1,000 Gorham. (F9) 300 Goshen. (MIS). .. .3,511 Goulds, (K13) 100 Gouvemeur, (K3). .4,164 Ck)wanda, (Cll). . .2,524 Grafton, (09) 500 Grahamsville, (L13) 300 Granby Center, (H7) 100 Grand Gorge, (LID 250 Grand Island, (C9) 300 Grandview, (NI6) 335 Grangerville, (N8) 100 Grant, (K7) 100 Granville. (07). .. .3.890 Grapevine, (Nil).. 250 Grassy Point, (M16) 700 Gravesville. (K8).. 170 Gray. (L7) 100 Great Bend, (J4)... 300 Great Neck, (NI7) 2,000 Great Neck Station, (NI7) 175 Great River, (018) 150 Great Valley, (CI2) 210 Greece, (E7) 250 Greene, (JU) 669 Greenfield Center. (N8) 150 Green Haven. (N14) 100 Green Island. (NlO) 4.533 Greenlawn, (017).. 400 Greenport. (RI6).. 3,735 Greenville, (MID.. 350 Greenwich, (08)... 2,315 Greenwood, (E12) 500 Greenwood Lake. (M16) ISO Greig, (K6) 100 Grcycourt, (MIS).. 100 Griffin. (M7) 100 (Jriffin Comers, (LI2) 400 Griffins Mills. (CIO) 100 Grooms, (N9) 130 Groton, (HIO) 1,445 Groveland Station. (ElO) 250 Guilderland. (NlO) ISO Guilderland Center. (NIO) 220 Guilford. OU)... 400 Guilford Center. (KU) 100 Gulf Summit, 012) 100 Hadley, (N7) 350 Hagaman, (M9)... 952 Hague, (N6) ISO Hailesboro, (K3).. 180 Haines Falls, (M12) 250 Halcottsville, (LI2) 120 HaleEddy.(KI2).. 200 Halesite. (017).... 500 Halfraoon. (N9). .. 150 Hall. (F9) 330 Hallsport, (EI2)... 100 Hallsville. (L9).... 110 Halsey Valley. (HI2) 300 Hamburg. (CIO). . .2,744 Hamden, (LI2).... 380 Hamilton, (J9) 1,586 Hamlet, (Bll) 200 Hamlin, (E7) .150 Hammond, (J3)... 418 Hammondsport, (FID 1,560 Hampton, (06) 680 Hancock. (KI3). ..1,356 Hankins, (K13)... 170 Hannawa Falls, (L2) 300 Hannibal, (G7) 432 Hannibal Center. (G7) 250 Harbor. (K8) 100 Harford. (HU).... 680 HarfordMills,(HII) 200 Harpursville, (J 1 2) 450 Harriman, (MIS).. 854 Harris, (LI4) 100 HarrisHill, (C9)... 100 HarrUon. (N17). . .1,500 Harrisville. (K4)... 991 narrower. (M9). .. 250 Hartford. (07) 700 Hartland. (C8) 350 Hart Lot. (H8) 300 Hartman. (N7).... 100 Hartsdale. (NI6).. 700 Hartwick, (KIO)... 600 Hartwick Seminary. (LIO) 100 Harvard. (K12)... 100 Hasbrouck, (L13). . 120 Haskinville, (Ell) 130 Hastings, (H7) 300 Hastings on Hudson, (N17) 5,461 Hauppauge, (017) 200 Haven, (L14) 100 Haverstraw, (N16) 5,418 Hawkeye, (N2).... 100 Hawkinsville, (K7) 300 Hawthorne. (N16) 350 Hayt Corners. (GIO) 130 Hazel, (L13) 100 Hebron, (07) 170 Hecla Works, (K8) 300 Hector, (GIO) ISO Hedgesville, (F12).. 130 Helena, (LD ISO Hemlock, (E9).... 300 Hempstead, (NI8) 6,073 Henderson, (MS)... 380 Henderson Harbor. (H5) 200 Henrietta, (E8).... 190 Hensonville, (Mil) 200 Herkimer, (L8). .. .9,580 Hermitage, (DIO)., 200 Hermon. (K3) 607 Herring. (J4) 150 Heuvelton. (K2)... 556 Hewitville, (K2)... 260 Hewlett, (NI8).... 510 Hicks. (GI2) ISO Hicksville, (N 1 7).. 4,000 Higginsville, (J8).. 100 High Falls, (M 13).. 700 Highland, (NI4). . .2,000 Highland Falls, (MIS) 2.518 Highland MilU, (MIS) SOO High View, (L14).. 150 High Woods, (M12) 150 Hillburn, (M16). . .1,017 Hillsdale, (N12)... SOO Hillside, (N16) 600 Hilton, (E7) 817 Himrod, (GIO).... 310 Hinckley, (K7).... 600 Hindsburg, (D8)... 200 Hinmansville, (H8) ISO Hinsdale, (DI2)... 200 Hoag Corners, (NIO) 260 Hobart. (LU) 596 Hoffmans. (M9)... 130 HoSmeister. (L7).. 170 Hogansburg, (LI).. 340 Holbrook. (017)... 200 Holcomb. (F9).... 200 Holland, (CIO).... 700 Holland Patent. (K8) 339 Holley. (D8) 1,780 Hollowville, (NI2) 130 Holmes, (NI4).... 100 Holmesville, (KIO) 250 Holtsville, (017)... 140 Homer. (HIO) 2,871 Honeoye. (E9).... 400 Honeoye Falls, (E9) 1,258 Hoosick, (09) 300 Hoosick Falls. (09) 5,406 Hope, (M7) 100 Hopewell, (F9).. .. 100 Hopewell Junction. (NI4) 300 Hopkinton. (L2)... 200 Horicon, (N6) 300 Hornby, (F12).... 140 Homell, (Ell) ■... 14,352 Horseheads, (G12) 1,949 Horton, (K13) 100 Hortonville, (KI3) 100 Houghton, (DID,. 120 Howard, (Ell).... 300 Howe Cave, (MIO) 130 Howells, (MIS).... 250 Hubbardsville, (K9) 400 Hudson, (Nil)... 11,544 Hudson Falls, (N7) 5,585 Hughsonville, (N14) 680 Huguenot, (LIS).. 130 Hulburton, (D7)... 400 Hume, (DU) .390 Humphrey, (CI 2).. ISO Humphrey Center. (C12) 100 Humphreysville, (N12) 130 Hunt. (ElO) 140 Hunter. (M12).... 405 Hunters Land. (MIO) 170 Huntington. (017) 5.000 Huntington Station, (017) 200 Hunts Comers, (HU) 170 Hurley, (M13).... 400 Hurlcyville, (LI4) 500 Huron, (G8) 200 Hyde Park, (N13).. 700 Hyde Park, (LIO).. 100 Hyndsville, (LIO).. 130 Ilion, (K8) 8,900 Independence, (EI2) 100 Indian Falls, (D8) 260 Indian Fields, (Nil) 160 Indian Lake, (MS) 300 Ingham Mills, (L8) 100 Ingleside. (FIO)... 130 Inlet, (L6) 170 Interlaken, (GIO).. 663 Inwood, (N18) 2,000 Ionia, (F9) 210 Ira. (G8) 200 Irona. (Nl) 200 Irondequoit, (E8).. 200 Ironville, (NS) 300 Irving, (BIO) 300 Irvington, (N16).. 2,370 Ischua. (D12) 250 Islip. (018) 2,300 Italy, (FIO) 100 Italyhill, (FIO).... 170 Itaska. Oil) 100 Ithaca, (GU) 16,750 Jackson Comers. (NI2) 100 Jacksonville. (GU) 180 Jamesport. (PI 7).. 340 Jamestown. (BI2) 37.780 Jamesville. (H9)... 500 Jasper, (E12) 400 Java, (DIO) 100 Java Center, (DIO) 150 Java Village, (DIO) ISO Jay, (N3) 200 Jeddo, (D8) 350 Jefferson, (LID.... 550 Jefferson Valley. (NIS) 130 JcSersonville, (LI3) 320 Jenksville, (HU).. 110 Jericho, (N17).... 450 Jewett, (MID 220 Jewettville, (CIO).. 300 Johnsburg, (N6).. 350 Johnson, (MIS)... 200 Johnsonburg, (DIO) 400 Johnson City, 012)5,400 Johnson Creek, (C8) 200 Johnsonville. (09) 550 Johnstown, (M8) 10,688 Jonespoint, (NIS).. 180 Jonesville, (N9)... 150 Jordan, (H8) 1,063 Jordanville, (L9)... 250 Joy, (F8) 150 Junius, (G9) 120 Kaaterskill, (M12) 150 Kalurah, (K4) 100 Kanona, (FII).... 200 Kasoag, 07) 130 Katonah, (NIS). .. 1,500 Katsbaan, (N12).. 130 Kattelville, 012)- • lO" Keene, (N4) 200 Keene Valley, (N4) 420 Keeseville, (N2). .. 798 Kelloggsville, (H9) 100 Kelsey, (KI2) 100 Kendall, (D7) 400 Kendall Mills, (D7) 330 Kenmore, (C9). ... 1,700 Kennedy. (B12)... 600 Kenoza Lake, (LI4) 120 Kensicd, (N16).... 130 Kenwood, 08).... 600 Kenyonville, (D7) 100 Kerhonkson. (MI3) 350 Kiamesha, (L14).. 100 Killawog, (HID... 340 Kill Buck, (C12)... 250 Kinderhook, (Nil) 827 King Ferry, (GIO) 320 Kingsbury, (N7)... 160 Kings Park, (017) 500 Kingston. (M13).. 26,354 Kirkland, (K8).... ISO Kirkville, 08) 250 Kirkwood, 012).. 200 KnappCreek,(C12) 200 Knowlesville. (D8) 320 Knox. (MIO) 300 Knoxboro. (K9)... 260 Kortright. (LID... 130 Kripplebush, (MI3) 200 Kuckville, (D7)... 130 Kyscrike. (M13)... 100 Lackawack. (M13) 150 Lackawanna, (C9) 15,737 Lacona, (H6) 476 La Fargeville, (H4) 480 La Fayette, (H9).. 100 Lafayetteville. (NI3) 100 Lagrangeville, (N14) 200 Lake Delaware, (LI 2) 100 Lake George. (N7) 750 Lake Grove, (017) 440 Lake Huntington, (L14) 300 Lake Katrine. (NI3) 500 Lakemont, (GIO).. ISO Lake Placid, (N3).. 1,977 Lake Pleasant, (M7) 200 Lakeport, (J8).... 100 Lakeside, (F7).... 100 Lake View, (CIO).. 500 Lakeville, (E9).... 480 Lakewood, (B12).. 702 Lamont, (DIO).... 180 Lancaster, (C9)...S,094 Lanesvillc, (MI2). . 100 Langford. (CIO)... 220 Lansing, (H7) 200 Lansingville, (GIO) 130 Laona, (BID ISO Larchmont. (NI7) 2,060 U Salle, (C8) 2,402 Lassellsville, (L8) . . 300 Laurens. (KIO). ... 364 Lawrence. (N18). . . 1,870 Lawrenceville, (Ll) 300 Lawycrsville, (LIO) 250 Lebanon, 09) 180 Lebanon Springs, (OU) 550 Lee, 07) 150 Lee Center, (J7). . . 330 Leeds, (Nil) 30O LeFever Falls, (M13) 300 Lehigh, (D9) 100 Leibhardt, (MI3).. 200 Lenox, (J8) 100 Lepn, (BID 250 Leonardsville, (K9) 350 LeRoy, (D9) 4,084 Levanna. (G9) 100 Levant, (BI2) 700 Lewbeach, (LI3).. 100 Lewis, (N3) 200 Lewiston, (B8) 741 Lexington, (M 12).. 300 Liberty, (L13) 2,395 Lilly Dale, (BU).. 250 Lima, (E9) 922 Lime Lake, (DI I). . 150 Limerick, (H4) 130 Limestone, (C12).. 463 Lincklaen, (JIO)... 250 Lincklaen Center, OIO) 130 Lincolndale, (NIS) 210 Lincoln Park, (E8) 200 Linden, (D9) 160 Lindenhurst, (018) 1,800 Lindley, (F12).... 270 Linlithgo, (NI2)... 200 Liriwood, (E9) 165 Lisbon, (K2) 150 Lisle, (HU) 347 Little Falls, (L8).. 13.022 Little Genesee. (DI2) 250 Little Valley. (C12) 1,307 Little York, (HIO) 150 Liverpool, (H8)... 1,591 Livingston, (N12). . 250 Livingston Manor, .(L13) 1,000 Livingstonville, ' (Mil) 300 Livonia. (E9) 857 Livonia Center, (E9) 200 Lobdell, (N2) 250 Loch Muller. (NS) 100 Loch Sheldrake,(LI3) 100 Lock Beriin, (G8).. 110 Locke, (HIO) 450 Lockport, (C8)... 18,693 Lockwood, (G12).. 190 Locust Valley. (N17) 450 Lodi. (GIO) 480 Lodi Center. (GlO) 100 Logan, (GU) 100 Long Beach. (N18) 662 Long Eddy. (K13) 700 Long Lake. (MS).. 400 Loomis. (L13) 200 Loon Lake. (M2).. 100 Lordviile. (K13)... 200 Lorraine, (JS) 300 Loudooville. (NIO) SOO Louisville, (KD... 350 Lounsberry. (HI2) 150 Lowell, 08) 150 Lowman, (G12)... 100 Lowville, (JS) 3,244 Loyd, (NI4) 200 Ludingtonville,(N14) 140 Ludlowville, (GIO) 260 Luzerne, (N7) 900 Lycoming, (H6)... 200 Lynbrook, (N18). . 3,055 Lyndonviile, (D7) 832 Lyons, (F8) 4,742 Lyonsdale, (K6)... 150 Lyons Falls, (K6).. 863 Lysander, (H8). ... 250 McClure's Settle- ment, (KI2).... 100 McConnellsville, 07) 200 McDonough, OU) 300 McGraw, (HIO)... 887 McKeever, (K6)... 130 McLean, (HIO).... 400 Macedon, (F8)... .1,147 Macedon Center,(F8) 160 Machias, (CU). ... 600 Macomb, (J3) ISO Madalin. (NI2)... 600 Madison. 09) 317 Madrid, (K2) 920 Madrid Springs, (K2) 250 Mahopac. (NIS)... 40O Mahopac Falls, (NIS) 140 Maine. (H12) 400 Maiden Bridge,(NIl) 210 Maiden on Hudson, (NI2) 240 Mallory, (H7) 270 Malone. (MI) 7,404 Maltaville, (N9)... 100 Mamaroneck,(N17) 7.290 Manchester. (F9)..l. US Manchester Bridge. (NI4) 100 Manhasset, (NI7) 1,050 Manitou. (NIS)... 250 Manlius, 08) 1,314 Manlius Center, (J8) 100 Manosville, (H6).. 617 Manorkill, (Mil).. 250 Manorton, (NI2).. 100 Manorville. (PI7).. 550 Maplestreet, (C7).. 160 MapleView, (H7).. 150 Marathon, (H 11 ).. 1,006 Marccllus, (H9).... 991 Marcellus Falls, (H8) l.SO Marcy, (K8) 100 Margaretville, (L12) 648 Mariaville, (M9).. 170 Marietta. (H9).... 150 Manila, (C9) 400 Marion, (F8) 800 Markhams, ;B11).. 100 INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES (NEW YORK) 365 Marlboro, (M14).. 795 MarshviUe, (L9)... 120 Martinsburg, (K5) 300 Maninsville, (C8) 100 Martville, (G7).... 150 Maryland, (LIO)... 220 Masonville, (K.1I) .MO Massapequa, (018) 500 Massena, (LI) 4,614 Massena Springs, (LI ) 200 Matteawan, (N14) 6,727 Mattituck, (P17).. 1,200 Maybrook, (MIS) 250 Mayficld, (M8) 595 Maynard, (K8).... 100 Mayville, (A12). .. 1,201 Mechanicstown, (M15)...^ 100 Mechanicsville, (N9) 8,208 Mecklenburg. (UU) 400 Meco, (M8) 200 Med(ordSta.,(P17) 250 Medina, (D8) 6,079 Medusa, (MID... 250 Medway, (Nil)... 720 Mellenville, (N12) 600 Melrose, (N9) 300 Melville, (017).... 200 Memphis, (H8).... 200 Mendon, (E8).... 220 Meridale, (LU)... 150 Meridian, (G8).... 313 Merrick, (NI8).... 520 MerriUsville, (J8).. 130 Me3sengerville,([ill) 120 Mettacahonts, (M13) 100 Mexico, (H7) 1,474 Middleburg, (MIO) 1,059 Middle Falls, (08) 420 Middlefield, (LIO) 270 Middlefield Center, (L5) 100 Middle Granville, (07) 700 Middle Grove, (N8) 250 Middle Hope, (M 14) 300 Middle Island, (P17) 290 Middleport, (C8).. 1,427 Middlesex, (FIO).. 350 Middletown, (MIS) 16,381 Middleville, (L8).. 710 Milan, (N13) 100 Milford, (LIO).... 560 MiUbrook, (N13).. 1,252 Miller Place, (P17) 130 Millers Mills, (K9) 100 Millersport, (C8).. 110 MiUerton, (N13)... 890 Millgrove, (C9) .... 200 Millneck, (N17)... 100 Mill Point, (M9).. 100 Mill Port, (G12)... 500 Millville, (D8) 160 Millwood, (N16)... 100 Milo Center, (FIO) 120 Milton, (N14) 1,200 Mina, (A12) 250 Minaville,(M9).... 260 Minden, (L9) 100 Mindenville, (L9).. 140 Mineola, (N18). .. .2,318 Mineral Springs, (MIO) 130 Minerva, (N5).... 200 Minetto, (H7).... 120 Mineville,(N4).... 2,000 MinUink, (LIS).... 300 Minoa, (H8) 668 Mitchellville, (FU) 300 Modeltown, (C8).. 200 Modena, (M14)... 250 Mohawk, (L9). .. .2,577 Mohegan Lake, (NIS) 100 Moira, (LI) 620 Mongaup, (LIS)... 100 Mongaup Valley, (LI4) 110 Monroe, (MIS). . .1,519 Monsey, (M16)... 300 Monterey, (FU).. 300 Montezuma, (G8) . . 350 Montgomery, (M14) 957 Monticello, (L14)..2,132 Montour Falls, (Gil) 1,281 Montrose, (N15)... 200 Mooers, (Nl) 522 Mooers Forks, (Nl) 190 Moores Mill, (N14) ISO Moravia, (HIO). .. 1,393 Morehouseville, (L7) 220 Morcland, (GU).. 100 Moreland Station, (GU) 100 Morganville, (D8) 180 Moriah, (N4) 1,000 Moriah Center, (N4) 180 Moriches, (P17)... 200 Morley, (K2) 500 Morris, (KIO) 466 Morrisonville, (N2) 320 Morristown, (J2). . 479 Morrisville, 09)... 582 Morton, (E7) 120 Morton Corners, (CIO) 200 Moscow, (E9) 305 Moses Kill, (N8).. 150 Mossyglen, (F12).. 200 Mottville, (H9).... 600 Mountain Dale,(L14) 300 Mountainville,(M15) 450 Mt. Kisco, (NI6).. 2,904 Mt. Lebanon, (Oil) 170 Mt. Morris, (ElO). 3,884 Mount Riga, (NI3) 100 Mount Ross, (N12) 100 Mount Sinai, (017) 280 Mt.Tremper, (M12) 170 Mount Upton, (KID 350 Mt. Vernon, (N17) 37,583 Mount Vision, (KIO) 250 Muitzeskill, (Nil) 180 Mumford. (E8) 460 Munnsville, (J9) ... 400 Myers, (CIO) 100 Nanuet, (M16).... 700 Napanoch, (M14).. 650 Naples, (FIO) 1,138 Napoli, (C12) 100 Narrowsburg, (K14) 400 Nassau, (NIO) 597 Natural Bridge, (J4) 400 Naumburg, (KS).. 200 Navarino, (H9) 150 Nelliston, (L9).... 716 Nelson, (J9) 110 Nclsonville, (N15) 979 NeperaPark, (N17) 100 Nesconset, (017).. 150 Nevcrsink, (L13).. 300 New Albion, (CU) 200 Newark, (F8) 6,468 Newark Valley, (H12) 808 New Baltimore, (Nil) 800 New Berlin, (KIO) 1,131 New Bremen, (KS) 300 New Bridge, (L3).. 200 Newburgh, (M14) 27,876 New Centerville, (J6) 100 New City, (M16).. 450 Newcomb, (MS)... 300 Newfanc, (C7) 500 Newbeld. (Gil)... 341 New Hackensack, (N14) 130 New Hamburg, (NI4) SOO New Hampton, (MIS) 260 New Hartford, (K8) 1,459 New Haven, (H7).. 200 New Hope, (H9)... 100 New Hyde Park, (iN18) 1,000 New Lebanon, (Oil) 400 New Lebanon Center, (Oil)... 130 New Lisbon, (KIO) 200 New London, (J8) 213 Newman, (N3) 300 New Milford, (M16) 130 New Oregon, (CIO) 170 New Palt2, (M14) 1,261 Newport, (K8) 697 New Rocbelle, (N17) 31,758 New Russia, (N4).. 150 New Salem, (NIO) 170 New Scotland, (NIO) 240 New Suffolk, (R17) 250 Newtonfalls, (L4).. 400 Newtonville, (NIO) 250 Newville, (L9).... 150 New Windsor, (MIS) 610 New Woodstock, (J9) 330 New York, (N17) 5,047,221 New York ■ Mills, (KSr 2,600 Niagara Falls, (B8) 42,257 Niagara University, (B8) 250 Nichols, (H12).... 586 Nicholville, (L2).. 300 Nile, (D12) 200 Niles, (H9) 180 Nineveh, (J12). ... 450 Nineveh Junction, (J12) 180 Niobe, (B12) 200 Niskayuna, (N9).. 300 Niverville, (Nil).. 220 Norfolk, (Kl) 1,600 Northampton, (M8) 500 North Argyle, (07) 210 North Bangor, (Ml) 384 North Bay, (J8)... 350 North Bergen, (D8) 140 N. Blenheim, (Mil) 530 N. Bloomfield, (E9) 140 North Boston, (CIO) 200 N. Branch, (L13).. 250 N. Brookfield, (K9) 350 N. Chatham, (Nil) 180 N. Chemung, (G12) 140 North Chili, (E8).. 300 N. Cohocton, (FIO) 350 N. Collins, (CIO). .1,068 North Creek, (M6) 450 North Cuba, (D12) 160 North Easton, (N8) 120 North Elba. (N4).. 100 North Evans, (CIO) 300 N. Fair Haven, (G7) 300 North Fenton.(J12) 100 Northfield. (KID.. 100 North Germantown, (N12) 300 N. Granville. (07), 630 North Greece. (E8) 120 N. Hamden, (KU) 130 N. Hannibal, (G7). 200 North Harpersfield, (LID 110 North Hebron, (07) 300 North Hoosick. (09) 490 North Hudson, (NS) 200 North Java, (DIO) 300 N. Lansing, (HIO). 120 N. Lawrence, (LI). 500 North Manlius, (J8) 150 N. Nassau, (NIO). 125 N. Norwich, (JIO). 120 N. Petersburg, (09) 200 N. Pelham, (N17). 1,874 N. Pharsalia, (JIO) 200 North Pitcher, (JIO) 130 Northport, (017).. 2,527 Northridge, (C8). . 120 North River, (M6) 170 North Rose, (G8).. 400 North Rush, (E8).. 100 North Russell, (K3) 150 North Salem, (N15) 200 N. Sanford, (K12). 100 North Scriba, (H7) 100 -N. Stockholm, (LI) 300 N, Syracuse, (H8) . 300 North Tarry town, (N16) 4,877 North Tonawanda, (C8) 13,498 Northumberland, (N8) 150 Northville,(M8)... 1,635 North Western, (K7) 180 N. White Lake, (L14) 100 North Wilna,(J4).. 110 Northwood, (K7). . 150 Norton Hill, (Mil) 130 Norway, (L8) 100 Norwich, (J 10).... 8,342 Norwood, (L2).... 1,879 Nunda, (ElO) 1,140 Nyack, (N16) 4,291 OakdaleSta., (017) 190 Oakfield, (D8) 1,307 Oak Hill, (Mil)... 150 Oakland, (ElO).... 120 Oaks Corners, (F9) 300 Oaksville, (KIO). .. ISO Ocean Side, (N 18) . . SOO Odessa, (GU) 335 Ogden, (E8) 100 Ogdensburg, (K2) 14,338 Olcott, (C7) 250 Old Chatham, (Nil) 300 Old Forge, (L5) 515 Old Westbury, (N17) 250 Olean, (D12) 17,925 Olivebridge, (M13) 200 Olmstedville, (N5) 200 Omar, (J3) 110 Onchiota, (M3) 100 Oneida, U8) 9,461 Oneida Castle, (J8) 399 Oneida Valley, (J8) 400 Oneonta,(Kll).. .10,474 Onondaga, (H8)... 250 Onondaga Castle, (H9) 100 Onondaga Valley, (H8) SOO Onoville, (C12) 600 Ontario, (F8) 400 Ontario Center, (F8) 300 Oppenheim. (L8). . 100 OquagaLake, (K12) 100 Oramel, (DID.... 126 Orangeburgh,(N16) 300 Orchard Park, (C9) 800 Oregon, (NIS) 100 Orient, (R16) 880 Oriskany. (K8) 1,200 Oriskany Falls, (K9) 973 Orleans, (F9) 190 Orleans Four Corners, (J4) 100 Orwell, (H6) 400 Osborn Bridge. (M8) 110 Oscawana, (N16).. 130 Osceola, (J6) 130 Ossian, (ElO) 150 Ossining, (N 16). . 10,326 Oswegatchie, (K4) 400 Oswego, (G7) 25,426 Oswego Center. (G7) 250 Oswego Falls. (H7) 3.100 Otego. (KID 579 Otisco, (H9) 100 Otisville, (LIS).... 250 Otselic, (JIO) 150 Otto, (Cll) 400 Ouaquaga, (J 12)... 200 Ovid, (GIO) 591 Owasco, (H9) 200 Owego. (H12I 4,570 Owls Head, (M2).. 100 Oxbow, (J3) 250 Oxford, (JU) 1,594 Oyster Bay, (N17) 3,80o Painted Post, (F12) 1,319 Palatine Bridge, (L9) 408 Palenville, (MI2).. 600 Palermo, (H7) 120 Palisades, (N16)... 300 Palmyra, (F8). .. .2,469 Pamelia F'our Corners, (J4) 200 Panama, (B12).... 352 Paris, (K9) 200 Parish, (H7) 521 Parishville. (L2)... 710 Parkers. (J6) ISO Parksville. (L13)... 250 Parma, (E8) 150 Parma Center. (E8) 160 Patchin. (CIO).... 150 Patchogue, (017).. 4.506 Pattens MilU. (N7) 250 Patterson, (N14),. 800 Pattersonville, (M9) 100 Pa.vilion, (D9) 400 Pawling. (N14).... 1,050 Peabrook, (K13).. 100 Peakville, (K13)... 200 Pearl River. (M16) 1,500 Peconic, (R16) 600 Peekskill, (NIS). . 15,502 Pekin, (C8) 100 Pelham. (NI7).... 793 Pelham Manor, (N17) 1,018 Pembroke, (D8)... 350 Pendleton, (C8)... 250 Penfield, (F8) 700 Pennellville, (H7).. 250 PennYan. (FIO)... 4,725 Peoria, (E9) 100 PerchRiver, (H4). . 120 Perkinsville, (ElO) 400 Perry. (ElO) 5.009 Perry Center, (DIO) 160 Perry City. (GU).. 140 Perrysburg, (Cll) 300 Perrys Mills, (Nl) 280 Perry ville, (J8)... . 200 Perth, (M8) 150 Peru, (N2) 300 Peruville, (HIO)... 250 Peterboro, (J9).... 330 Petersburg, (09) . . 400 Pharsalia, (JIO)... 140 Phelps, (F9) 1,375 Philadelphia, (J4).. 847 Phillipsport. (L14) 150 Philmont, (N12). . .2,060 Phoenicia, (M12). . 700 Phoenix, (H8) 1,655 Phoenix Mills, (LIO) 120 Piercefield, (L4)... 750 Piermont, (N16).. .1,481 Pierrepont, (K2).. 200 Pierrepont Manor, (H6) 250 Piffard, (E9) 250 Pike, (DIO) 344 Pillar Point, (HS).. 150 Pine Bush, (M 14).. 500 Pine City, (G12)... 200 Pine Hill, (L12)... 646 Pine Plains, (N13) 1,600 Pine Valley, (G12) 200 Pineville, (K12)... 100 Pitcairn, (K4) 130 Pitcher, (JIO) 150 Pittsford, (E8) 1,376 Pittstown, (N9)... 100 Plainville, (H8)... 250 Plandome, (N17).. 255 Plattekill, (M14).. 200 Plattsburg, (02).. 10,134 Pleasantbrook, (LIO) 130 Pleasant Plains, (N13) 490 Pleasant Valley, (N14) 429 Plea5antville,(N 16) 2,464 Plessis, (J3) 240 Plymouth, (JIO)... 100 Poestenkill, (NIO). 300 Point Chautauqua, (B12) 200 Point Peninsula, (HS) 110 Point Rock, (J7)... 100 Poland, (K8) 315 Pomona, (M16)... 150 Pompey, (H9) 300 Pompey Center, (J9) 100 Pond Eddy, (LIS).. 250 Poolville, (J9) 250 Pope Mills, (J3)... 130 Poplar Ridge, (GIO) 180 Portageville, (DIO) 450 Port Byron, (G8)..l,115 Port Chester, (N17) 15,129 Port Crane, (J 12).. 500 Port Dickinson, (J12) 583 Porter, (07) 100 Porter Corners, (N8) 210 PortEwen, (N13).. 1,600 Port Gibson, (F8).. 400 Port Henry, (04).. 2,584 Port Jefferson, (017) 2,800 Port Jefferson Sta- tion, (017) 200 Portjervis, (LIS).. 9,4 13 Port Kent, (02)... 140 Portland, (BID... 500 Portlandville, (KIO) 180 Port Leydcn, (K6) 753 Portville, (D12)... 765 Port Washington, (N17) 3,200 Potsdam, (L2). .. .4,157 Potter, (FIO) 150 Potter Hill, (09)... 150 Potter Hollow, (MID 150 Pottersville, (N6).. 320 Poughkeepsie, (N14) 32,714 Poughquag, (N14) 120 Prattsburg, (FIO).. 696 Pratts Hollow, (J9) 110 Prattsville, (Mil) 380 Preble, (HID) 300 Presho, (F12) 300 Preston, (JIO) 200 Prestoa Hollow, (Mil) 250 Prospect. (K7) 339 Protection. (CIO).. 200 Pulaski, (H6) 1,850 Pulteney, (FIO)... 200 PultneyvUle, (F7).. 250 Purdy Sta., (N15), 230 Purling, (MID.... 180 Putnam, (05) 100 Pyrites, (K2) 200 Quaker Springs, (N8) 180 Quaker St., (MIO). 420 (Juarryville, (M12) 350 Queensbury, (N7).. 100 Quogue, (P17).... 190 Racket River, (LI) 100 Ramapo, (M16)... 500 Randall. (M9) 120 Randallsville. (J9) 250 Randolph, (C12).. 1,341 Ransomville, (C8) . . 500 Rapids, (C8) 110 Rathbone, (F12)... 180 Ravena, (Nil). .. .1,700 Raymertown, (N9) 150 Raymond, (C8)... 150 Raymondville, (KI) 700 Readburn, (K12).. 200 Reading Center, (GU) 240 Red Creek, (G7)... 525 Redfield. (J6) 350 Redford, (N2).... 150 Red Hook, (N13).. 923 Red House, (C12).. 500 Redrock, (Nil)... 100 Redwood. (J3) 500 Reed Corners, (F9) 100 Remscn, (K7) 417 Rensselaer, (NIO) 11,210 Rensselaer Falls, (K2) 374 Rensselaerville, (MIO) 600 Reserve. (C9) 600 Resort. (G8) 100 Result. (Nil) 200 Retsof, (E9) 300 Rex. (L9) 150 Rcxford, (N9) 400 Rexville, (E12).... 180 Reynoldston. (M2) 150 Reynoldsville. (GU) 200 Rhinebeck, (N13). .1,554 Rhinccliff, (N13)., 600 Richburg, (D12)... 380 Richfield, (K9). ... 250 Richfield Springs, (K9) 1,623 Richford, (HID... 350 Richland. (H6) 400 Richmondville, (LIO) 567 Richville, (K3).... 316 Ridgebury, (MIS) 100 Ridgeway, (D7). .. 300 Rifton, (M13) 346 Ripley, (All) 1,000 Riverhead, (PI7).. 2,800 Riverview, (N2). . . 250 Rochester, (E8) 248,465 Rock City, (N13).. 100 Rock City Falls, (N8) 220 Rockdale, (KID... 100 Rock Glen, (DIO). . 200 Rockland, (L13). .. 300 Rockland Lake,(NI6)S50 Rock Rift, (K12).. 200 Rock Stream, (GU) 200 Rock Valley, (KI3) 180 Rockville Center, (N18) 5,223 Rockwells Mills, (KID 100 Rockwood, (L8)... 330 Rocky Point, (P17) 200 Rodman. (J5) 200 Rome. (K8) 21,926 Romulus, (G9). ... 250 Ronkonkoma, (017) 200 Roosevelt, (N18).. 1,000 Roscoe, (L13) 1,000 Rose, (G8) 900 Roseboom, (LIO).. 200 Rose Hill, (H9).... 130 Rosendale, (M13).. 804 Roseton, (MI4). , .2,000 Roslyn, (NI7) 1.800 Rossburg. (DID... 100 Rossie, (J3) 100 Rossler, (C9) 250 Rossman, (Nil)... 150 Rotterdam Junction, (M9) 300 Round Lake, (N9) 300 Rouses Point, (01) 1,783 Roxbury, (LI 1) ... 500 Royalton, (C8)... . ISO Ruby, (M12) 290 Ruralgrove, (M9).. 230 Rush,(E9) 300 Rushford, (DID... 600 Rushville, (FIO)... 331 Russell, (K3) 400 Russia, (K7) 100 Rye, (NI7) 5,3.i9 Sabael, (M6) 100 Sacket Harbor. (H5) 829 Sag Harbor. (RI7) 3.245 Saint James, (017) 350 Saint Johns, (M16) 300 St, Johnsburg, (C8) 150 St. johnsville, (L8) 2,705 St. Lawrence, (H4). 170 St. Regis Falls,(L2) 1,500 Saint Remy, (M13) !50 Salamanca, (C12). .8,370 Salem, (08) 1,096 Salem Center, (NIS) 150 Salisbury, (L8). ... 200 Salisbury Center,(L8)300 Salisbury Mills, (MIS) 350 Salt Point, (N13).. 200 Salt Springyille, (L9) 150 Sammonsville, (M9) 330 Samsonville, (M13) 200 Sanborn, (C8) 280 Sandlake, (NIO)... 400 Sandusky, (DID.. 300 Sandy Creek. (H6) 669 Sangerfield. {K9).. 250 Sanitaria Springs. UI2) 200 Santa Clara. (M2) 300 Saranac. (N2) 800 Saranac Lake, (M3) 4,015 Saratoga Springs, (N8) 13,792 Sardinia, (CIO). ... 500 Saugerties, (NI2).. 4,490 Sauquoit, (K8) 600 Savannah, (G8)... 531 Savona, (FU) 571 Sawkill, (MI3).... 100 Sayville, (018). .. .3,200 Scarboro, (N16)... 110 Scarsdale. (N17). . .2.717 Schaghticoke. (N9) 794 Schenectady, (N9) 80,381 Schenevus, (LIO)., 537 Schodack Center, (NIO) 100 Schodack Landing, (Nil) 400 Schoharie, (MIO).. 1,124 Schroon Lake, (NS) 800 Schroon River, (NS) 130 Schuyler Falls, (N2) 300 Schuyler Lake, (K9) 350 Schuylerville, (N8) 1,711 Scio, (E12) 800 Sciota, (Nl) 100 Scipio, (G9) 100 Scipioville, (G9)... 200 Scotia, (N9) 3,790 Scott, (HIO) 100 Scottsburg, (ElO).. 300 Scottsville. (E8)... 900 Scriba, (H7) 200 Sea Cliff, (N18). .. 1,981 Seaford. (018) 720 Searsville, (M14).. 100 Seaverton, (L2)... 200 Seely Creek, (G12) 150 Selkirk. (NIO) .... 200 Sempronius. (HIO) . 100 Seneca Castle, (F9) 300 Seneca Falls, (G9) 7,018 Seneca Hill, (H7).. 110 Sennett, (G9) 100 Setauket, (017)... 500 Seward, (LIO) 800 Shakers, (NIO),... 140 Shandaken, (M12) 240 Sharon, (LIO) 100 Sharon Springs, (L9) 531 Shavertown, (L12) 130 Shelby, (D8) 300 Sheldon, (DIO). ... 100 Sheldrake Springs, (GIO) 200 Shelter Island, (RI6) 400 Shelter Island Heights, (R16).. 500 Sherburne, (JIO). .. 1,016 Sherburne Four Corners, (JIO)... 100 Sheridan, (BID... 250 Sherman, (A12)... 949 Sherrill, (J8) 300 Sherwood, (G9) 160 Shokan, (MI3) 400 Shongo, (E12) 150 Shorcham, (P17)... 151 Shortsville, (F9)... 1,228 Short Tract, (DID 510 ShrubOak, (N15).. 320 Shushan, (08) 500 Sidney, (KID 2,541 Sidney Center. (Kl 1)400 Silver Creek, (BIO) 3.220 Silver Springs, (DIO) 893 Sinclairville, (B12) 582 Skaneateles, (H9).. 1,768 Skaneateles Falls, (H9) 500 Slate Hill, (MIS).. 130 Slaterville Springs, (HID 400 Slateville, (07).... 130 Slide Mt., (MI2).. 100 Slingerlands, (NIO) SOO Sloan, (C9) 2,202 Sloansville, (MIO) 200 Sloatsburg, (M15) 1,150 Smithboro, (H12). . 250 Smiths Basin, (07) 250 Smiths Mills, (BIO) 180 Smithtown, (017) 300 Smithtown Branch, (017) 530 Smithville, (HS)... 200 Smithville Flats, (JU) 300 Smithville S., (N18) 600 Smyrna, (JIO) 257 Sodom, (M5) 200 Sodus, (F8) 1,800 Sodus Center, (F8) 350 Sodus Point, (F7).. 700 Solon, (HIO) 250 Solsville, (J9) 100 Solvay, (H8) 5,885 Somers, (NIS) 100 Somerset, (C7).... 300 Somerville, (J3)... 150 Sonora, (FU) ISO Sonyea, (ElO) 350 Southampton, (R17) 3,092 South Argyle, (08) 280 South Bay, (J8).... 180 South Bay, (05)... 110 South Berlin, (010) 200 South Berne, (MIO) 100 S. Bethlehem, (NIO) 500 S. Bloomfield, (F9) 200 South Butler, (G8) 350 South Byron, (D8) 250 South Cairo, (Nil) 120 S. Cambridge, (N9) 200 South Colton, (L2) 250 S. Columbia, (K9) . 140 South Corinth, (N8) 200 South Dayton, (BID 600 South Easton, (N9) 180 S. Edmeston, (KIO) 200 S. Edwards, (K3).. 150 S. Fallsburg, (L14) . 400 Southfields, (M15) 100 S. Glens Falls, (N7) 2,105 S. Granville, (07).. 180 S. Hannibal, (G7). 100 S. Hartford, (07).. 320 South Horicon,(N6) 100 S. Jamesport, (P17) 300 S. Kortright, (LU) 100 S. Lansing, (GIO).. 100 South Livonia, (E9) ISO S. Millbrook. (N13) 200 S. New Berlin. (KIO) 400 S. Nyack, (N16). .. 1,950 Soulhold, (R16)... 1,500 S. Onondaga, (H9) 250 South Otselic, (JIO) 300 South Oxford, (J U) 120 Southport, (G12).. 250 S. Pulteney. (FIO). 110 South Ripley. (A12) 100 South Rutland. (JS) 150 South Salem, (NIS) 120 S.Schenectady, (M9) 400 S. Schodack, (NIO) ISO South Scriba, (H7) 180 South Sodus, (G8) 150 S. Stockton, (BI2). 100 South Trenton, (K8) 100 South Valley, (LIO) 100 South Wales, (CIO) 300 S. Westcrlo, (Mil). 150 Southwest Oswego, (G7) 320 S. Worcester, (LIO) 180 Spafford, (H9).... 450 Sparkill, (N15).... 950 Sparrow Bush, (LIS) 400 Speedsville, (HID 150 Spencer, (H12).... 553 Spencerport, (E8). . 848 Spencertown, (Nil) 320 Speonk. (P17) 200 Split Rock. (H8) . . 300 Spragueville, (K3) 200 Sprakers, (M9).. .. 220 Spring Brook, (C9) 200 Springfield, (L9)... 100 Springfield Center, (L9) 280 Spring Glen, (M14) 210 Springlake, (G8). .. 100 Spring Mills, (E12) 100 Springs, (R16) 340 Spring Valley, (M16) 2,804 Springville, (CIO).. 2,688 Springwatcr, (ElO) 600 Sprout Brook, (L9) 130 Staatsburg, (N13).. 400 Stacy Basin, (J8).. 100 Stafford, (D9) 180 Stamford, (LU). .. 1,060 Sunards, (EI2). ... 180 Stanfordville, (NI3) 400 Stanley, (F9) 450 Stanwix, (K8) 100 Star, (Nl) ISO Starkey, (GIO) ISO Starkville, (L9) 200 Starlake, (K4) 200 Steamburg, (C12).. 250 Steele, (G9) 350 Stephens Mills. (Ell) 130 Stephentown. (OlO) 250 Stephen town Center, (OlO) 200 Sterling, (G7) 380 Sterlingbush, (J4).. 110 Sterling Sta., (G7). 100 Sterlington, (M15). 130 Sterling Valley, (G7) 110 Sterlingville, (J4).. 100 Steuben, (K7) 100 Stevensville, (L13) 150 Stillwater, (N9)... 1,041 Stittvillc, (K8) 350 Stockbridge, (J9).. 300 Stockport, (Nil). . 700 Stockton, (BID... 500 Stone Arabia, (L9) 110 StoneMills, (J4). .. 110 Stone Ridge, (M13) 230 Stony Brook, (017) 550 Stony Creek, {N7) 350 Stony Hollow, (M13) 120 Stony Point, (M15) 950 Storm King, (N15) 150 Stormville, (N14).. 150 Stottville, (Nil)... 720 Stow, (B12) 100 Stratford, (L8) 300 Streetroad, (OS). .. 200 Strykersville, (DIO) 530 Stuyvesant, (Nil) 400 Stuyvesant Falls, (Nil) 930 Suffern, (MI6). .. .2,781 Sugar Loaf, (MIS) 110 Sullivanville, (GI2) 150 Summer Hill, (HIO) 750 Summit, (LIO) 300 Summitville, (LI4) 220 Swain, (Ell) 180 Swartwood, (G12) 100 Swormville, (C8).. 300 Sylvan Beach, (J8) 196 Syosset, (N17).... 400 Syracuse, (H8). . 145,293 Taberg, (J7) 370 Taborton, (010).,. 200 Talcottville, (K6).. 150 Tallman, (M16)... 210 Tannersville, (M12) 758 Tappan, (N16).... 300 Tarrytown, (N16) 5,752 Taylor, (JIO) 100 Tcbo, (L2) 100 Tcrryville, (017).. 150 Texas, (H6) 150 Texas Valley, (JU) 150 Theresa, (J4) 1,002 Thiells, (M16) 300 Thompsonville, (L14) 200 Thomison, (N8).... 100 Thousand Island Park, (J3) 100 Threemile Bay, (H4) 400 Throop, (G9) 200 Thurman, (N5)... 230 Thurston, (F12)... 130 Ticondcroga, (OS) 2,754 Tillson, (M13).... 100 Tilly Foster, (NIS) 200 Tioga Center, (H 12) 300 Tivoli, (N12) 1,080 Toddsville, (KIO).. 300 Tomhannock, (N9) 150 Tomkins Cove, (MIS) 1,200 Tonawanda, (C8)..9,I47 Towners, (NIS)... 150 Town Line, (C9)... 350 Townsend, (Gil).. 170 Townsendville, (GIO) 100 Treadwell, (KU).. 280 Trenton, (K7) 316 Trenton Falls, (K7) 125 Triangle, (JU). ... 130 Tribes Hill, {M9) . . 400 Troupsburg, (E12) 230 Trout Creek, (KI2) ISO Trout River, (Ml) 210 Troy. (NIO) 75.488 Trudeau, (M3).... 230 Trumansburg, (GIO) 1,181 Truthville, (07)... 200 Truxton, (HIO)... 700 Tuckahoe, (NI7).. 2,753 Tully, (H9) 559 Tunesassa, (CI 2).. 200 Tupper Lake, (M4) 3.910 Turin, (K6) 339 Turnwood, (L12).. 300 Tuscarora, (ElO).. 130 Tuxedo Park, (M15) 2,000 Tyre, (G9) 100 Tyrone, (FID 400 Ulster Hts., (M 13). 110 Ulster Park. (M131 120 Unadilla, (KID... 1,125 Unadilla Forks, (K9) 200 Uncas, (N6) 150 Union, (H12) 1,922 Union Center, (H12) 200 Union Grove, (L12) 200 Union Hill, (F8). . . 100 Union Springs, (G9) 762 Union Valley, (JIO) 170 Unionville, (LIS). . 387 Upper Jay, (N3).. . 500 Upper Lisle, (J U). . 100 UpiJer Nyack, (N16) 642 Upper Red Hook, (N12) 180 Urbana, (FU) 100 Urlton, (Nil) 190 Ushers, (N9) 125 Utica, (K8) 80,589 Vail Gate, (MI5).. 100 Vail Mills, (M8)... 110 Valatie, (Nil) 1,410 Valhalla, (N16) 600 Valley Cottage, (N16) 200 Valley Falls, (N9).. 795 Valley Stream, (N18) 2,800 Vallonia Springs, (J12) ISO Valois, (GIO) 300 Vandalia. (C12)... 110 VanEtten, (G12).. 407 Vanhornesville, (L9) 250 Varna. (HU) 200 Varysburg. (D9).. . 400 Vega. (LI 1) 100 Venice. (GIO) 100 Venice Center, (GIO) 150 Verbank. (N14)... 150 Verbank Village, (NI4) 150 Vermillion, (H7)... 200 Vernon, (J8) 532 Vernon Center, (J8) 210 Verona, (J8) 300 Verona Station, (J8) 100 Verplanck, (NIS).. 1.000 Versailles. (CIO)... 200 Vesper. (H9) 210 Vestal. (H12) ... 230 Vestal Center. (HI2) 300 Veteran, (M12)... . 400 Victor, (F9) 1,051 Victory, (G8) 380 Victory Mills, (N8) 657 Vienna, (J8) ISO Virgil, (HIO) 200 Vischcr Ferry, (N9) 190 Vista, (N16) 120 Volney, (H7) HO Voorheesville, (NIO) 550 Waddington,(Kl).. 726 Wadhams, (04)... 170 Wading River, (PI7) 400 Wainscott, (R17).. ISO Walden, (M14). ,. .5,196 Wales, (DIO) 130 Wales Center, (C9) 200 Walesville, (K8)... 130 Walker Valley, (M14) 170 Wallace, (FU).... 320 WallkiU, (M14).... 700 Walloomsac, (09).. ISO Walton, (K12).... 3,606 Walworth, (F8)... 450 Warapsville, (J8).. 222 Wanakena, (L4)... 200 Wantagh, (N18). .. 710 Wappingers Falls, (N14) 3,742 Warner, (H8) 500 Warnerville, (LIO) . 260 Warren, (L9) 100 Warrensburg, (N6) 3,100 Warrens Corners, (C8) 200 Warsaw, (DIO). . .3,424 Warwick, (M16). . .2,505 Washington Hollow, (N13) 250 Washington Mills, (K8) 300 Washingtonville, (M15) 635 Wassaic, (N13) 250 Waterburg, (GIO) 110 Waterford, (N9)... 3,047 Waterloo, (G9). .. .4,343 Water Mill, (R17) 300 Waterport, (D7)... 320 Watcrtown, (JS) 26,895 Watervale, (J9).... 100 Water Valley, (CIO) 100 Waterville, (K9).., 1,554 Watervliet, (NIO) 14,990 Watkins, (GU). . .2,760 Watson, (KS) 130 Watts Flats, (B12) 400 Waverly, (G12)...S.1I9 Wawarsing, (M13) 200 Wayland, (ElO). .. 1,699 Wayne, (FU) 190 Webb Mills, (G12) 200 Webster, (F8) 1,439 Webster Crossing, (ElO) 170 Weedsport,(G8)... 1,448 Wegatchie, (J3)... 210 Wells, (M7) 400 Wells Bridge, (KU) 200 Wellsburg, (G12).. 478 Wellsville, (E12).. 4,595 Wesley, (CU) 150 West Almond, (Ell) 100 West Amboy, (H7) 100 West Bangor, (Ml) 110 West Barre, (D8).. 100 West Berne, (MIO) 220 W. Bloomfield, (E9) 300 West Branch, (K7) 170 W.Burlington, (KIO) 100 Westbury, (G8)... 350 Westbury, (NI7).. 390 West Camp, (N12) 250 West Candor, (HI2) 130 West Carth.ige, (J5)l,587 West Charlton. (M9) 100 WestChazy, (01).. 250 W.Clarksville, (D12) 100 West Colesville,(J12) 100 W. Conesville, (MID 100 W. Coxsackie, (Nil) 500 366 (NEW YORK-N. cAROLiNA-N. DAKOTA) INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES Westdale,U7) 200 West Datiby, (GU) iOO W. Uavenport. (LU) 120 West Eaton, (J9).. 500 W. Edmeslon. (K9) 220 Westemville, (K7) 300 West Exeter. (K9) ISO West falls, (CIO).. 300 Westlicld, (All)... 3,319 Westford. (LIO)... 100 West Kort Ann, (N7) 200 West Fulton. (M 10) 210 West Galway, (M9) 300 West Granville Corners, (07) 300 West Hampton, (PH) 450 West Hampton Beach. (P17).... 250 West Haverstraw, (M16) 2,330 West Hebron, (08) 200 West Henrietta, (E8) 130 West Hoosick, (09) 180 West Hurley, (M13) 520 West Kendall, (D7) 150 West Kill, (M12).. 200 West Laurens, (KIO) 100 West Lebanon, (Oil) 100 West Leyden (K7) 600 West Milton, (N8) 200 West Monroe, (H7) 180 Westmoreland. (K8) 350 West Nyack, (N16) 230 Weston, (FID 300 West OneonU, (KID 300 Westons Mills, (D12) 500 West Park. (N' 13). . 180 WestPierpont. (K3) 100 W. Plattsburg, (N'2) 120 West Point, (M15) 1,200 Westport. (04). ... 716 West Potsdam. (K2) 180 West Rush, (E9).. . 200 W. Salamanca, (C12) 530 West Sand Lake, (NIO) 300 W. Saugerties, (M12) 200 West Sayville, (018) 900 West Schuyler, (K8) 120 WestShokan, (M13) 100 West Stephentown, (OlO) 380 W. Stockholm, (L2) 210 Westtown, (L15), . 200 W. Township, (MIO) 100 West Valley, (ClI) 470 West Vienna, (J8).. 140 Westview, (ElO)... ISO Westville C^enter, (Ml) 300 West Walworth, (F8) 300 West Webster, (F8) 210 West Winfield, (K9) 788 Wethersfield Springs, (DIO) 200 Wevcrtown. (N6).. 230 Whallonsburg, (03) 160 Wheeler. (FID.... 203 VVhippleville. (Ml) 200 White Cr«ck. (09) . 500 Whitehall, (06)... 4,665 White Lake Corners, (K6) 250 White Plains,(N16) 19,287 Whiteport, (M13). . 600 Whitesboro, (K8).. 2,493 White Sulphur Springs. (L13). .. 250 Whitesville, (E12) 400 Whitfield, (M13).. 200 Whitney Crosu.igs, (Ell) 130 Whitney Point, (Jll) 760 Willard, (GIO).... 200 Willet. (Jll) 300 Williamson, (F7).. 650 Williarastown, (J7) 600 Williarasville, (C9) 1,272 Willow, (M12).... 200 Willowemoc, (L13) 250 Willowvale, (K8).. 400 Willsboro. (03)... 650 Willseyvillc, (Hll) 550 Wilmington, (NJ).. 100 Wilmurt, (L7) 150 Wilson, (C7) 741 Wilton, (N8) 180 Windham, (Mil),. 350 Windsor, (J 12) 565 Winfield, (K9).... 150 Wingdale, (N14)... 150 Winthrop. (LD... 350 Wiscoy. (DID.... 270 Witherbee. (N4)... 175 Wolcott. (G8) 1,346 Wolcottsburg, (C8) 250 Wolcottsville. (C8) 800 Woodbourne, (L13) 350 Woodbury, (017).. 300 Woodhull, (F12).. 1,352 Woodmerc. (N18).. 600 Woodstock, (M12) 350 Woodville, (H5)... 100 Worcester, (LIO). .1,500 Worth, (J5) 320 Wrights Corners, (C8) 200 Wurtsboro, (L14).. 409 Wynantskill, (NIO) 160 Wyomanock, (OlO) ISO Wyoming, (D9) ... 580 Yale, (G9) lOO Yaphank, (P17)... 570 Yates, (D7) \su Yonkers. (N17). . .90.886 York, (E9) iui) Yorkshire, (DIO).. 300 Yorktown, (N15).. 100 Yorktown Heights, (NIS) 1,250 Yorkville, (K8)... 1,086 Youngs, (KID 120 Youngstown, (B7) .^71 Youngsville, (L13) 280 Zurich, (F8) 200. NORTH CAROLINA Abbottsburg, (H5) 159 Aberdeen, (G4) 794 Acme, U5) 289 Advance, (E3).... 283 Ahoskie. (M2) 924 Albemarle, (E4)...2,I15 Alexander, (D5)... 118 Alexis, (C4) 110 Almond, (B7) 98 .MUmahaw, (G2).. 300 Andrews. (B7) 936 Angier, (H3) 221 .iVnsonville. (E4)... 485 Apalachia. (A7)... IOO Apex. (H3) 681 Archdale. (F3).... 145 .\rden, (E7) 151 Ashboro, (F3) 1,865 Asheviile, (E6). .. 18,762 Atlantic, (N5) 524 Aulander, (L2).... 543 Aurora, (M4) .... 440 Autryville. (H4)... 77 Avoca, (M3) ISO Avon, (04) 400 Ayden.(L4) 990 Aydlett, (02) ISO Azalea, (E6) 100 Bailey, 03) 195 BakersviTle, (A2).., 416 B.alsam Grove. (D7) 190 BannersElk, (B2),. 150 Barco. (N2) 100 Barium Springs, (D3) 110 Bartlett, (N2) 150 Bath, (M4) 283 Bdttleboro. (K2)... 211 Bayboro, (.VI4).... 370 Beargrass, (L3). . . . 56 Beaufort, (MS). .. .2,483 Bee Log, (E6) 150 Bee Tree, (E6) 200 Belcross, (N2) 150 Bclhaven, (M3)... 2,853 Belmont, (C4) 1,175 Belvidere. (N2).... 100 Belwood. (B4) 140 Benson. (J4) 800 Bessemer City.(C4) 1,529 Bethania, (E2).... 110 Bethel, (L3) 469 Big Lick, (E4) 152 BUtmore, (D6).... 173 Biscoe, (F4) 450 Blackcreek, (K3).. 219 Black Mountain,(E6) 311 Bladenboro, (H5) . 275 Blowing Rock, (B2) 261 Bluff. (D6) 140 Boardman, (H6)... 795 Bolton. (J6) 350 Bonlee. (G3) 130 Bonnerton. (M4),. 100 Bonsai, (H3) 85 Boomer, (C2) 100 Boone, (B2) 179 Boonford, (A3).... 100 Boonville, (D2)... 282 Bosley, (M2) 100 Bostic, (B4) 209 Brevard, (D7) 919 Bridgersville, (K3) SO Bridgeton, (M4)... 348 Bridgewater, (B3) 200 Broadway, (G4) .. 149 Brookford. (C3)... 725 -•Browns Summit. (F2) 100 BrysonCity, (C7) . 612 Buffalo City, (03) 200 Buies, (GS) 65 BuiesCreek, (H4).. 249 Burgaw. (K5) 955 Burlington, (G2).. 4,808 BumsvUle, (A3)... 422 Buxton, (04) 300 Bynum,(G3) 150 Cambro, (H4) 150 Camden, (N2) 100 Cameron, (G4) 259 Canaan, (N2) 100 Candor, (F4) 160 Canton. (D6) 1,393 Capelsie, (F4) 400 Caroleen. (B4). ... 1,892 Carthage. (G4).... 863 Gary. (H3) 383 Casar, (B3) 300 Cash Corner, (M4) 130 CasUlia, (J2) 219 Catawba, (C3) .... 222 Cedar Creek, (CS) 100 Cedar Falls, (F3) . 222 Central Falls, (F3) 500 Ccrro Gordo, (H5) 323 Chadboum, (H6).. 1,242 Chapel Hill, (G3).. 1,149 Charlotte, (D4).. 34,014 Cherry, (N3) 76 Cherryfield, (D7).. 200 Cherryville, (C4).. 1,153 Chestnutridge, ( 02 ) 1 00 China Grove, (D3) 852 Chinquapin, (K5). . 350 Chocowinity, (L3) 127 Cisco, (M2) 100 Claremont, (C3)... 297 Clarendon, (H6)... 147 Clarkton, (H5).... 275 Clayton, (J3) 1,441 Clemmons, (E2)... 100 Cleveland, (D3)... 426 Cleveland Mills, (B4) 400 Cliffside, (B4) 1,000 Clinton, (J5) 1,101 Clyde. (D6) 344 Coats, (H4) 169 Cofield, (M2) 100 Coinjock, (N2) 150 Colerain, (M2).... 189 Coleridge. (F3).... 100 Colfax, (E2) 100 Colington. (02)... 200 Collettsville. (B3).. 80 Columbia, (N3) 848 Columbus, (A4)... 122 Como. (L2) 300 Concord, (D4) 8,715 Conetoe, (L3) 158 Connellys Springs, (B3) 500 Conover, (C3) 421 Contentnea, (K3).. 246 Conway, (L2) 240 Cooleemee, (E3)... 2,000 Copeland, (D2).... 100 Cordova, (F5) 250 Corepoint, (M4)... 120 Cornelius, (D4) 833 Corolla, (02) 100 Council, (J6) 74 Cove City, (L4).... 308 Crabtree, (D5).... 100 Cranberry, (B2)... 400 Creedmoor. (H2).. 324 Creston, (B21 100 Creswell, (N3) 329 Crouse. (C4) 175 Grumpier, (C2) 100 Cullasaja, (C7) 250 Cumberland, (G4) 300 Cumnock, (G3).. .. 200 Currie. (J6) 100 Curribuck. (N2)... 200 Dallas, (C4) 1,065 Danbury, (E2),... 400 Davidson, (D3)... 1,055 Davidsons River, (D7) 150 Davis, (N5) 250 Day Book, (E6)... 300 Dellwood, (C6) ISO Denton, (E3) 320 Denver, (C3) 282 Deppe, (LS) 130 Derita, (D4) 100 Dillsboro, (C7).... 277 Dobson, (D2) 360 Double Shoal, (B4) 100 Dover, (L4) 737 Draper, (Fl) 1,000 Drexel, (B3) 200 Drumhfli, (Ml).... 100 Dublin, (H5) 100 Duck, (02) 100 Dudley, (K4) 164 Duke, (H4) 500 Dunn, (H4) 1,823 Durham, (H2) 18,241 Eagle Rock, (J3).. 100 Eagle Springs, (F4) IOO Earl, (B4) IOO Earleys, (L2) 300 East Bend, (D2)... 522 East Durham, (H2) 1,500 E. Kings Mt., (C4) 383 Eastlake, (03) 250 E. Launrinburg, (GS) 577 E. Lumbcrton, (HS) 881 East Monbo, (D3) 250 East Spencer, (E3) 1,729 Edenton, (M2). .. .2,789 Edgemont, (B2)... 100 Edward, (M4).... 171 Elhanan, (B3) ISO Elizabeth City, (N2) 8,412 Elizabethtown, (H5) 117 Elkin, (D2) 885 Elk Park, (B2).... 377 EUenboro. (B4) 293 Ellerbe, (F4) 100 Elm City. (K3).... 590 Elm Grove, (H3).. 200 Elmwood. (D3).... ISO Elon College, (G2) 200 EIrod, (G5) 170 Embro, (72) 150 Endon, (G4) 120 Enfield, (K2) 1,167 Engelhard, (N3)... 300 Enochville. (D3)... 81 Eure, (M2) IOO Eureka, (K3) 162 Everetts, (L3) 146 Evergreen, (H6). .. 248 Excelsior, G6) 130 Fairbluff, (H6).... 441 Fairfield, (N3) 250 Fairmont, (GS)... 730 Fairview, (E6).... 130 Faison, (J4) 519 Faith, (E3) 350 Falkland, (K3).... 132 Falls, (H3) 130 Fallston, (B4) 200 Farmington, (D2). . 150 Farmville, (K3)... 815 Fayetteville, (H4) 7,045 Flat Rock, (D7)... ,?00 Flat Shoal, (D2)... 100 Floral College, (GS) 190 Forest City, (B4).. 1,592 Forestville, (J3)... 137 Fork Church, (E3) 300 Fort Barnwell. (L4) 140 Fort Landing, (N3) 300 Fountain, (K3) 189 Four Oaks, (J4)... 329 Franklin, (C7).... 379 Franklinton, (J2).. 809 Franklinville, (F3) 500 Fremont, (J3) 951 Frisco, (04) 150 Fuquay Springs,(H3) 127 Garland, (J5) 100 Gamer, (H3) 284 Garysburg. (K2)... 159 Gaston. (ES) 100 Gastonia, (C4) 5,759 Gates, (M2) 150 Gatesville, (M2)... 203 Germanton. (E2).. 154 Gibson. (F5) 800 Gibsonville, (E2).. 1,162 Gilkey. (B4) 200 Glen Alpine. (B3).. 308 Glenwood.(F2) 100 Godwin. (H4) 102 Gold Hill, (E3).... 304 Goldpoint, (L3)... 126 Goldsboro, (K4)... 6,107 Goldston, (G3).... 240 Grace, (06) 100 Graham, (G2) 2,504 Grandy, (02) 100 Grange. (D7) 100 Granite Falls, (C3) 381 Granite Quarry, (E3) 363 Graphiteville, (A3) IOO Grassycreek, (CD.. 100 Greenmountain, (A3) 100 Green Park, (B2),. IOO Greensboro, (F2) 15,895 Greenville. (L3). . .4,101' Gregory, (N2) 150 Griffin, (03) 200 Grifton, (L4) 291 Grimesland, (L3).. 330 Grover. (C4) 209 Guilford, (F2) 130 Guilford College, (F2) 200 Gulf, (G3) 200 Gumneck, (N3)... 350 Guyton. (H5) 160 Hadley, (G3) 100 Halifax, (K2) 314 Hallsboro, (H6)... 180 Hamilton, (L3) 452 Hamlet, (F5) 2,173 Hamptonville, (D2) 100 Harbinger. (02)... 500 Hardin, (C4) 230 Harkers Island, (MS) 200 Harlowe, (MS).... 250 Harmony, (03).... 200 Harrellsville, (M2) 140 Harrisburg, (D4).. IOO Hassell, (L3) 100 Hatteras, (04) 250 HawRiver, (G2)... 950 Hayesville, (B7)... 98 Haywood, (H3).... 162 Hazelwood, (D7)... 428 Helton, (CD 200 Hemp, (F4) 100 Henderson, 02)... 4,503 Hendersonville, (E7) 2,818 Heno, (G2) IOO Henrietta, (B4) 1,856 Henry, (C3) 100 Hertford, (N2). ... 1,841 Hickory, (C3) 3,715 Hiddenite, (C3) 250 Highfalls, (G3) 150 Highlands, (C3)... 487 Highlands, (C7)... 257 High Point, (F3)... 9,525 Highshoals, (C4).. 600 Hildebran, (C3)... 140 Hillsboro. (G2) 857 Hobbsville, (M2).. 150 Hobgood, (L2) 165 Hoffman, (F4) 175 Hollysprings, (H3) 261 Hokkerton, (K4).. 204 Hooverhill, (E3)... 200 Hope Mills. (HS).. 964 HotSprings. (D6).. 443 Howard, (M3).... 200 Hudson, (C3) 411 Huntdale, (A2) 200 Huntersville, (D4) 591 Icemorlee, (04) .398 Inanda, (D6) IOO Indian Trail, (D4) 154 Ingold, (JS) 124 lola, (F4) 100 IronSution,(C4).. 150 Ivanhoe, (JS) 170 Jackson, (L2) 527 JacksonHill,(E3). . 150 Jacksonville, (LS). . 505 James City, (M4).. 1,200 Jamestown, (F3).. 150 Jamesville, (M3).. 398 Jarvis, (02) 100 Jarvisburg, (02)... 400 Jason, (K4) 60 Jefferson, (B2) 184 Jonesboro, (G4)... 799 Jonesville, (D2)... 200 Julian, (F3) 100 Juniper, (03) IOO Jupiter, (D6) IOO Kannapolis, (D3).. 500 Kelford, (L2) 316 Kenansville, (KS).. 2-70 Kenly. (J3) 725 Kemersville, (E2)..1,I28 Kerr, (JS) IOO Keyser, (G4) 170 Kiraesville, (F3)... ISO King, (E2) 200 Kingsdale, (GS)... IOO Kings Mt., (C4)... 2,218 Kinston. (K4) 6,99S Kipling, (H4) ISO Kittrell, (J2) 242 Kitty Hawk, (02).. 100 Knotts Island, (02) 250 La Grange. (K4)... 1,007 Lake Comfort, (N4) 300 Lake Landing, (N4) 300 LakeTaxaway, (D7) 100 Lakeview, (G4)... 100 Landis, (D3) 500 Lasker, (L2) 203 Lattimore, (B4)... 297 Laurel Hill, (F5)... 350 Laurinburg, (GS).. 2,322 Lawndale, (B4)... 350 Leaksville, (F2)... 1,127 Leasburg, (G2).... 300 Leechville, (M3). . ISl Leggett, (K3) 140 Leicester, (D6) IS3 Lenoir, (C3) 3,364 Lewarae, (F5) 279 Lewiston, (L2) 252 Lexington, (E3). . .4,153 Liberty, (F3) 474 Liledoun, (C3) 100 Lilesville, (FS).... 400 Lillington, (H4)... 380 Lilly. (Nl) 100 Lincolnton, (C4).. 2,413 Linville, (B2) 250 Linwood, (E3).... 150 Littleton, (K2). ... 1,152 Long Island. (C3).. 200 Long View. (C3)... 243 Louisburg, 02) •.■•1.775 Lowell, (C4) 875 Lowesville, (D4)... 150 Lucama, (J3) 256 Lumber Bridge. (G5) 165 Lumberton, (HS).. 2,230 Lynn, (A4) 200 McAdenville, (C4) 983 McCullers, (H3)... 100 McFarlan, (ES)... 186 McGuire, (B2).... IOO Macclesfield, (K3) 110 Mackey Ferry, (M3) 230 Macon, 02) 189 Madison, (E2) 1,033 Maggie, (C6) ISO Magnetic City, (A2) IOO Magnolia, (J5).... 653 Maiden, (C3) 664 Makelyville, (N4).. ISO Mamie, (02) IOO Manchester, (G4).. 200 Manly, (G4) 220 Manns Harbor, (03) 300 Manson, 02) 100 Manteo, (03) 408 Maple, (N2) ISO Mapleton, (L2) 52 Margarettsville, (LI) 107 Marietta, (G6) .... 200 Marion. (A3) 1,519 Mariposa, (C4) 100 Marlboro, (K3)..,. 225 Marshall, (06).... 802 Mars Hill, (D6).... 301 Marshville, (E5)... 499 Mashoes, (03) 100 Matthews, (D4)... 396 Maxton. (GS) 1.321 Mayesworth, (C4) 200 Mayodan, (F2).... 874 Maysville, (LS).... 345 Mebane, (G2) 693 Medlin. (B6) 100 Menola. (L2) 150 Merryhill. (M3)... 170 MerryOaks. (G3).. 150 Mica, (A3) 100 Micaville, (A3).... 100 Micro, (J3) 74 Middleburg, 02).. 117 Middlesex. 03).... 467 Middletown, (04).. 200 Mill Spring. (A4).. 150 Milton. (GD 419 Mineral Springs, (DS) 85 Mint Hill, (04) 194 Mintonsville, (M2) 100 Mocksville, (D3).. 1,063 Monbo, (D3) ISO Moncure, (G3).... 100 Monroe, (DS). .. .4,082 Mon Swamp. (N3) 200 Montezuma, (B2).. 254 Mooresboro, (B4) . . 198 Mooresville, (D3). .3,400 Morehead City, (MS) 2,039 Morganton, (B3).. 2,712 Morrisville, (H3).. 151 Mortimer, (B3) 251 Morven, (ES) 498 Mount'n Island. (D4) 347 Mount Airy. (Dl).. 3,844 Mount Bethel, (C3) 100 Mount Gilead, (F4) 723 Mount Holly, (C4) 526 Mt. Mitchell, (A3). 100 Mount Olive, (J4).. 1,071 Mt. Pleasant. (E4). 753 Moyock. (ND 200 Murfreesboro, (L2) 809 Murphy, (B7) 977 Nashville, 03).... 750 Nealsville, (B3) 119 Nebo, (B3) 160 Newberlin, 06)--- 100 Newbem. (L4).... 9,961 Newell, (D4) 100 Newhill, (H3) 95 Newland, (B2).... 150 Newlife, (C2) 100 Newlight, (H2).... 150 New London. (E4) 312 Newport, (MS).... 321 Newton, (C3) 2,316 Newton Grove, (J4) 73 Norlina, 02) IOO North Charlotte, (D4) 650 North Harlowe, (MS) 220 North Wilkesboro, (CZ) 1,902 Norwood, (E4).... 928 Oak City, (L3).... 251 Oak Ridge, (F2)... 190 Ocracoke, (04) 250 Ola, (C6) 100 OldFort, (A3)..... . 778 Olds. (02) 100 Old Sparta, (K3)... 220 Oldtrap, (N2) 300 Olin, (03) 200 Olivebranch, (E4).. 100 Ore Hill, (G3) 94 Oriental, (M4) 645 Osgood, (G3) IOO Otila, (02) ISO Ottanola, (E7) 130 Oxford, (H2) 3,018 Pactolus, (L3) 154 Paintrock, (D6)... IOO Palmyra. (L2) 94 Pantego. (M3).... 324 Parkersburg, (JS).. 67 Parkewood, (F4)... 200 Parkton, (H5) 219 Parmele, (L3) 272 Patterson, (B2) 85 Patterson Springs, (C4) IOO Peachland, (E5)... 232 Peedee, (FS) 628 Pelhara, (GD ISO Pembroke, (G5)... 258 Pendleton, (LD... 62 Pcnsacola. (A3)... 150 Phenoy, (A3) 100 Pikeville, (K4) 210 Pilot, 03) 100 Pilotmountain,(E2) 652 Pinebluff, (G4).... 92 Pine Level, 03).. 394 Pinelog, (B7) IOO Pinetops, (K3).... 211 Pinetown, (M3). . . 412 Pineview, (G4) 200 Pineville, (04).... 688 Pink Hill, (K4).... 58 Pinnacle, (E2) 400 Pisgah Forest, (E7) 150 Pittsboro, (03).... 502 Pleasant Hill. (Kl) 170 Plymouth. (M3)...2,I65 Point Caswell, (J6) US Point Harbor, (02) 200 Polkton, (E4) 287 Polkville, (B4). ... 100 Polloksville, (L5).. 227 Pomona, (F2) 300 Poplarbranch, (02) 200 Potecasi, (L2) 130 Pousville, 02).... 100 Powells Point, (02) 400 Powellsville, (M2) 75 Princeton, 04)... 354 Princeville, (L3)... 627 Proctor, (87) 200 Pungo, (M3) 300 Raeford, (G4) 580 RALEIGH. (H3) 19,218 Ramseur, (F3). ... 1.022 Randleman, (F3).. 1,950 Red Hill, (A2) 100 Red Springs,(G5).. 1,089 Reidsville, (F2)... 4,828 Rennert, (GS) 179 Rhodhiss, (C3).... 370 Richfield, (E4).... 210 Richlands, (LS).... 445 Rich Square, (L2).. 367 Ridgecrest, (E6)... 200 Ridgeway, 02).... 300 Ringwood, (K2)... 147 Roanoke Rapids, (K2) 1.670 Roaring River, (D2) IOO Robbinsville, (B7) 122 RoberdeU, (F4).... 422 Robersonville, (L3) 616 Rockford. (D2).... 100 Rockingham. (FS) 2,155 Rockwell, (E3).... 200 Rocky Mount, (K2) ...8,051 Rockymount Mills, (K3) 480 Rocky Point. (K6) 300 Rodanthe. (03) 150 Roe. (NS) 150 Rolcsville. (J3).... 170 Ronda, (02) 150 Roper, (M3) 819 Roseboro, (HS).... 183 Rosedale, (N2).... ISO Rosehill, 05) 364 Roseinary, (K2)... 100 Rosman, (D7) 145 Rougemont. (H2). . ISO Rowland. (GS).... 787 Roxboro, (H2) 1,425 Roxobel, (L2) 491 Royall Cotton Mills, (H3) 437 Ruffin, (F2) 250 Rural Hall, (E2)... 300 Rutherford College, (B3) 200 Rutherfordton, (B4) 1,062 Saginaw, (B2) 300 Saint Helena, (K5) IOO Saint Pauls. (G5).. 419 Salisbury. (03). .. .7,153 Saluda, (A4) 235 Salvo, (03) 100 Sandy Ridge, (EI) 250 Sanford, (G3) 2,282 Saratoga, (K3).... 136 Sarem, (M2) 100 Saxapahaw, (G3). .. 100 Scotland Neck, (L2) 1,726 Scranton, (N4).... 200 Seaboard, (L2) 280 Seagull, (02) 150 Selma, (J3) l,3.il Selwin, (M2) 100 Sepb, (C6) 140 Sevensprings, (K4) 250 Severn, (LI) IOO Shallotte, (J7) 139 Sharpsburg, (K3).. Ill Shawboro, (N2)... ISO Shelby, (C4) 3,127 Shelmerdine, (L4).. 400 Shiloh, (N2) 130 Shore, (E2) 308 Sidney, (M4) ISO SilerCity, (G3).... 895 Siloam. (D2) 350 Skyco. (03) IOO Skyland. (E7) 150 Sladesville, (N4)... ISO Smithfield, (J3) 1,347 Smokemont, (C6).. 100 Smyrna. (MS) 110 Sneads Ferry. (LS) . 140 Snowden. (N2) IOO Snow Hill. (K4)... 450 Sound, (N3) 300 South Biltmore, (D6) 238 South Creek, (M4) 800 Southern Pines, (G4) 542 South Mills, (N2).. 300 Southport. (J7 )....!, 484 Southside, (C4).... 200 South Wadesboro, (E5) 202 Sparta, (CI) 199 Spencer, (E3) 1.915 Spout Springs, (G4) IOO Spray, (Fl) 1,250 Spring Hope, (J3).. 1,245 Staley, (F3) 150 Stallings, (J2) 150 Stanley, (C4) 321 SUntonsburg, (K3) 204 Star, (F4) 239 State Road, (D2).. 120 Statesville, (D3)... 4.599 Stecoah, (B7) 130 Stedman. (H4).... 100 Steeds, (F4) 200 Stem. (H2) IOO Stokesdale, (F2)... IS9 Stoneville, (E2)... 404 Stonewall, (M4)... 161 Stony Point, (C3).. 400 Stout, (04) 82 Stovall, (H2) 305 Sturapypoint, (03) 200 Sugar Grove, (B2) 200 Summerfield. (F2) 250 Sunbury, (M2) 200 Supply, 06) ISO Swanquarter, (N4) 185 Swansboro, (LS). . . 390 Swepsonville, (G2) 520 Swiss, (E6) 120 Sycamore, (03) 120 Sylva, (C7) 698 Tabor, (H6) 418 Taft, (E6) 130 Tamarack, (B2)... 250 Tarboro, (K3). .. .4.129 Tarheel. (H5) 100 T.iylorsville, (C3).. 662 Teacheys, (KS).... 154 Terrapin, (K2).... 120 Thelma, (K2) i,;o Thomas, (JS) ISO Thoraasville, (E3) 3,877 TUlery, (L2) 269 Topsy, (M2) 100 Townsville. (J2). . . 200 Trenton, (L4) 331 Trinity, (E3) 332 Trivett, (B2) 100 Troutmans, (03). . 200 Troy, (F4) 1.055 Tryon, (A4) 700 Turnersburg, (03) 100 Tyner, (M2) 500 Union, (L2) 139 Union Mills. (A4).. 155 Valdese. (33) 200 Vanceboro, (L4) ... 392 Vandemere, (M4). . 296 Vass, (G4) 273 Vaughan, (K2) 420 Verona, (L5) IOO Waco, (C4) 185 Wadesboro, (ES)., 2,376 Wades Point, (M4) IOO Wakefield, (J3). ... 287 Wake Forest, (H3) 1,443 Walkertown, (E2) 400 Wallace, (KS) 444 Walnut, (D6) 215 Walnut Cove, (E2) 480 Walstonburg, (K3) 127 Wanchese, (03)... 250 Warren Plains, (J2) 130 Warrensville, (C2) IOO Warrenton, (J2). . . 807 Warsaw, (JS) 723 Washington, (M3) 5,211 Waterlily, (02) 150 Watha, (KS) 200 Waxhaw, (DS). .. 602 Waynesville, (D7) 2,008 Weaverville, (D6).. 442 Webbs. (C3) 100 Webster. (C7) 300 Weeksville, (N2).. IOO Weldon. (K2) 1,999 Wendell, 03) 759 Wentworth, (F2).. 250 W'est Durham, (H2) 2.000 WestEnd. (F4). . .. 100 West Hickory, (C3) 845 West Lumberton, (GS) 231 West Raleigh, (H3) 120 Whaley, (B2) 150 Whitakers, (K3)... 775 Whitehall, 05).... 120 Whitehall. (K4)... 179 White Plains. (D2) 250 Whiteville. (H6)... 1,368 Whitnel, (C3) IOO Whitney, (E4) 800 Whittier, (C7) 216 Wilbanks, (K3)... 45 Wilkesboro, (C2).. 799 Wilkins, (H2) IOO Willardville, (H2).. IOO Willeyton, (M2).. . 100 Williams, (D2). ... 53 Williamsboro, 02) 190 Williamston, (L3). .1,574 Wilmington. (J6) 25,748 Wilmot, (C7) IOO Wilson, (K3) 6,717 Windsor, (L2) 584 Windy Gap, (02). . 100 Winfall, (N2) 289 Wingate, (ES) 353 Winstoo-Salem, (E2) Pop. Salem 5.533 Winston. .17. 167 Total Pop 22.700 Winterville. (L3).. 484 Winton. (M2) 624 Wit,(N5) 130 Woodard, (M3).... 150 Woodland, (L2).. . 312 Woodleaf, (03)... 187 Woodleigh, (01)... 1.S0 Woodville, (N2)... 100 Worthville, (F3)... 3<)} Wrightsvillc, (K6) 270 Wrightsville Beach, (K6) 54 Wysocking, (N4). . 3.S0 Yadkin College. (E3) 130 Yadkinville, (02) 432 Yanceyville, (G2) . 338 Yeatesville. (M3).. 100 Youngsville. (J2).. 431 Zebulon,(J3) 483 Zephyr, (02) ISO NORTH DAKOTA 1915 STATE CENSUS FIGURES Abercrombie, (H6). 313 Adams, (F3) 406 Adrian, (I'"6) 200 Alexander. (A4)... 274 Alfred, (E6) 200 Alice. (G6). 250 Almont. (C6) 500 Amorose, (A2) 201 Anamoose, (D4)... 346 Aneta, (F4) 266 Antler, (C2) 274 Ardoch(G3). 412 Arthur, (GS) 200 Arvilla. (04) IOO Ashley. (E7) 741 Ayr, (G5) 100 BaUour, (D4) 292 Bantry, (D3) 400 Barlow, (E4) 300 Barnev. (G6) 150 Bartlett, (F3) 106 Barton, (D2) 176 Bathgate, (G2) 376 Beach, (A6) 542 Belfield. (A6) 6oo Bergen, (D4) l.SO Berfin, (F7) 119 Berthold, (C3) 320 Berwick, (D3) 450 Binford, (F4) 324 Bisbee. (E2) 471 BISMARCK, (DO). 6,344 Blabon, (G5) Blackwater, (C4). Bottineau, (02).. Bowbells, (B2)... Bowdon, (E4) Bowesmoot, (G2). Bowman, (A7) — Craddock, (D6) 100 Brinsmade, (E3). 100 Brocket, (F3) 1,206 Buffalo, (G6) 639 Buford, (A4) 316 Burlington, (C3). 200 Buxton. (G4) 744 Caledonia, (H5).. . 350 Calvin, (F2) 164 Cando, (E3) 1,117 214 Canton, (G2) 143 241 Carpio, (C3) 457 160 Carrington, (ES)... 1,328 200 Casselton, (G6).... 1.584 450 Cathay, (E4). 210 250 Cavalier, (G2) 773 400 Cayuga, (G7) 206 Center, (C5) 100 Chaffee, (G6) 120 Christine, (H6) 210 Churchs Ferry,(E3) 363 Cleveland, (E6).... 140 Clifford, (GS) 200 Clyde, (F2) 300 Coal Harbor, (C4),. 120 K INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES (NORTH DAKOTA— OHIO) 367 Cogswell, fG7) 445 Corgatc, (GS) 250 Columbus. (B2) 302 Conway, (G3) 1<)3 CooiKrstown.CFS). 920 Cotcau, (B2) 150 Courtenay, {F5) 466 Crary, (1'3) 300 Crosby, (A2) 1,011 Crystal, (G2) 301 Cumings, (H4) 130 Davenport, {G6)... 267 Dawson. (E6) 200 Dazey, {F5) 233 Decring. (D3) 170 DeLamere, (G7).— 250 Denbigh. (D3) 20O Denhoff, (D5) 340 Deslacs. (C3) 188 DeviULake, {F3).. 4,525 Dickey, (F6) 149 Dickinson, (B6).... 4, 120 Dogden, (D4) 237 Donnybrook, (C3). 295 Douglas, (C4) 213 Doyon, (F3) 200 Drake, (D4) 508 Drayton, (G2) 640 Dresden, (F2) 220 Driscoll, (D6) 250 Dunseith, (D2) 450 Dwight, (H7) 160 Eckelson, (F6) 100 Eckman, (C3) 87 Edgeley, (F7) 718 Edinburg, (02) 206 Edmon:,(F3) 403 Abbeyville, (N5). . . 160 Aberdeen, (F15) 568 Academia, (L8) 300 Ada, (E6) 2,465 Adams M ills, (N9).. 150 Adamsville, (N9)... 176 Adario, (K6) 100 Addison, (M14) 220 Addyston,(B13)... 1,543 Adelphi, (J12) 407 Adena, (R9) 570 Adrian, (05) 210 Agosta, (G7) 304 Aid, (L15) 200 Aitch, (Qll) 110 Akron, (05) 69,067 Albany, (M13) 546 Alcony, (D9) 130 Aleiandersville, (Cll)180 Alexandria, (K.9)... 414 Alger, (E7) 730 Alikanna, (S8) 100 Allensville, (K13)... 220 Allentown, (D5) ... 110 Alliance, (Q6) 15,083 Alpha, (Dll) 180 Alton, (HIO) 110 Alvada, (G5) 160 Alvordton, (C3) 402 Amanda, (Kll). . .. 484 Amboy, (S2) 300 Amelia, (D13) 417 Amesville, (N12)... 267 Amherst, (M4) 2,106 Amsden, (G5) 150 Amsterdam, (R8). .1,041 Andersonville, 012). 200 Andover, (S3) 902 Anna, (D8) 460 Annapolis, (R8) 200 Ansonia, (B9) 656 Antioch, (Qll) 169 Antiquity, (N14). .. 300 Antrim. (P9) 150 Antwerp, (A5) 1,187 Apple (Jreek. (N6).. 400 Applegrove, (N14). . 100 Appleton, (K9) 100 Arabia, (L15) 100 Arcadia, (OS) 380 Arcanum, (BIO) 1,361 Archbold. (C3) 1,082 Arion,(H14) 200 Arlington, (F6) 798 Arlington, (CIO) 200 Arlington Heights, (C13) 468 Amettsville. (BIO). 240 Arnheim, (E14) 100 Arnold, (H9) 100 Asbury, (C13) ISO Ashland, (L6) 6,795 Ashley, 08) 706 Ashtabula. (R2)... 18,266 AlhvUle, (111) 972 Athalia, (LIS) 226 Athens, (M12) 5,463 Atlanta, (HI 1) 140 Atlas, (QIO) 100 Attica, 05) 719 Atwater, (Q5) 300 Atwater Center, (Q5) 100 Auburn, (Q4) 100 Augusta, (Q7) 300 Aultman, (P6) 250 Aurora, (P4) 600 Aurora Station, (P4) 600 Austinburg, (R2). .. 300 Austintown, (RS). . . 200 Ava,(O10) 500 Avery, (K4) 100 Avon, (M4) 750 Ariine, (MIO) 450 Ayersville, (C5) 100 Bachman, (CIO) 200 Bainbridgc, (P4) 100 Bainbridge, (G13)... 883 Bairdstown, (FS). . . 240 Bakersville. (08).. . . 290 Baltic, (OS) 377 Baltimrjre, (KIO). . . 551 Baltimore. (CIO).... 400 Bantam, (D 13) 200 Barberton, (06) 9.410 Barlow, (012) 150 Barnesville, (Q10)..4,233 Bamhill. (PK) 506 Barryville. ((J6) 200 Bartlett, (N12) 200 Bartoi>,(R9) 800 Edmunds, (E5) 120 Egeland, (E2) 272 Elbowoods, (B4).. 150 EUendalc, (F8) 1,361 Eraerado, (04) 230 Enderlin, (06) 1,813 Englevale, (07).... 250 Epping, (A3) 250 Esmond, (E3) 375 Fairdale, (F3) 120 Fairmount, (H7).. 701 Fargo, (H6) 20,549 Fessenden, (E4) 836 Fingal, (G6) 500 Finley, (G4) 507 Flashner, (C7) 303 Flaxton. (B2) 402 Forbes, (FS) 245 Fordville, (03) 378 Forest River. (03). 258 Forman, (07) 358 Fort Ransom, (G7) 100 Fort Yates, (D7)... 350 Fullerton. (F7) 190 Cackle, (E6) 500 Oalchutt, ai7) 100 Galesburg, (05)... 250 Gardena, (D2) 163 Gardner, (05) 250 Garrison, (C4) 535 Geneseo. (G7) 200 Gilby. (03) 320 Gladstone. (B6) 240 Glenburn, (C2) 183 GlenuUin, (C6) 887 Goodiicb, (Dl) 179 Bascom, (GS) 380 Basil, (KIO) 504 Batavia, (D13) 1,034 Batesville, (QIO).. . . 282 Bath, (OS) 100 Batson, (BS) 130 Bayard, (Q7) 140 Bay, (04) 450 Bays, (F4) 200 Beach City, (07). ..671 Beach Park, M4). . . 200 Bcallsville, (QIO). .. 564 BeamsvUle, (B9).... ISO Beasleys Fork, (F15) 150 Beaver, (J13) 286 Beaverdam, (E6). . . 455 Bedford, (04) 1,783 Beidler, (P8) 150 Belden, (M4) 150 Bell, (F13) 200 Bellaire, (S9) 12,946 Bellbrook, (Dll).... 283 Belle Center, (F8) . . 889 Bellefontaine, (FS) .8,238 Belle Valley, (OlO).. 689 Bellevue, 04) 5,209 Bellpoint, (H9) 130 Bellville, (L7) 1,056 Belmont, (Q9) 572 Belmore, (ES) 298 Beloit, (R6) 510 Belpre, (012) 1,249 Benton, (H6) 120 Benton, (N7) 300 Benton Ridge, (ES). 352 Bentoavillc, (F15). . 250 Benwood, (RU) lOO Berea, (N4) 2,609 Bergholz, (R7) 1,011 Berkey, (;E3) 100 Berkshire, (J 9) 100 Berlin, (N7) 280 Berlin Center, (RS).. 200 Berlin Crossroads, (K13) 300 Berlin Heights, (L4). 554 Eerlinville,(L4) 120 Berne, (PU) 470 Berlha, (H14) 200 Berwick, (05) 150 Bethany. (C12) 200 Bethel, (D14) 1,201 Bcthcsda, (Q9) 1,300 BettsviUc, (HS) 486 Beverly, (Oil) 720 Bexley, (JIO) 682 Bidwell, (L14) 500 Bigplain, (GIO) 140 Bigprairie, (M7).... 200 Bigsprings, (F8) 250 Birmingham, (LA). . 300 Bishipville. (.Nit)., 100 BlachleyvUle, (M6) . 120 Bladensburg, (.M8). 300 Blaine, (R9) 170 Blairmont, (R9) ISO Blakeslce, (A3) 169 Blanchester, (E12) 1.813 Blatchford, (Mil). . 250 Blissfield, (N8) 100 Bloom Center, (E8). 100 Bloomdale, (F5) 602 Bloomer, (C9) 100 Bloomfield, (R8).... 185 Bloomficld, (NIO).. 200 Bloomingburg, (GU) 610 Bloomingdale, (R8). 300 Bloomington, (Fll). 210 BloomvUIe, (H5).. . . 754 Blue Rock, (NIO). .. 120 Bluestone, (P3) 250 Bluffton, (E6) 1,953 Boardman, (SS) 100 Bogart, (K4) 100 Bolivar, (P7) 567 Boneta. (NS) 100 Bono, (G3) 150 Bookwalter, (Fll).. 250 Booth, (09) 100 Boston, (D13) 289 Boston, (04) 260 Botkins, (D8) 579 Botzum, (OS) 100 Boughtonville. (K5)..150 Bourneville, (H12).. 142 Bowerston, (Q8) 514 Bowersvi'le, (Ell). 297 Bowling Green, (F4)5,222 Bracevllle, (R5). ... 200 Bradbury, (M13)... 100 Grafton, (G3) 2,476 Grand Forks, (04) 13,554 Grand Harbor, (E3) 120 Orandin, (05) 330 Grano, (02) 150 Granville, (03) 452 Great Bend. (H7).. 161 Gwinner, (07) 300 Hague, (E7) 221 Hamilton, (G2) 201 Hampden, (F2) 230 Hankinson, (H7).-1,62S Hannalord, (F5)... 322 Hannah, (Fl) 550 Hansboro, (E2) 320 Hartland, (C3) 250 Harvey, (D4) 1,508 H.astings. (F6j 120 Hatton, (04) 821 Havana, (08) 321 Haynes, (B8) 79 Hazelton, (D6) 300 Heaton, (E5) 195 Hebron, (B6) 1,000 Hensel, (G2) 120 Hettinger, (87) 489 Hillsboro, (05) 1,295 Hoople, (G2)_ 193 Hope, (05) 630 Horace, (H6) 104 Hunter. (05) 402 Hurdsfield, (OS)... 400 Inkster. (03) 346 Jamestown. (F6)... 5,500 Joliette, (02) 100 Jud. (F6) 155 kathiya, (F6) 260 Kenmarc, (B2) 1,533 Kensa!, (F5) 462 Kermit, (A2) 61 Kief, (D4) 300 Kindred, (H6) 310 Knox, (E3) 165 Kramer, (D2) 211 Kulm, (F7) 628 Lakota, (F3) 873 Lamoure, (F7) 1,007 Langdon. (F2) 1,150 Lankin, (03) 325 Lansford, (C2) 397 Larimore, (04) 1,255 Lawton. (F3) 216 Leal, (F5) 200 Leeds, (E3) 631 I.ehigh, (B6) 100 Lehr, (E7) 156 Leonard, (06) 190 Lidgerwood, (G7).. 1,127 Lignite, (B2) ISO Linton, (D7) 730 Lisbon, (07) 1,553 Litchville, (F6) 476 Lonetree, (C3) 190 Loraine, (C:2) 250 Lucca, (06) 100 Ludden, (F8) 190 McClusky, (D4)... 611 McHenry, (F4) 153 McVille, (F4) 401 Haddock, (E4) 514 Mandan, (D6) 4,142 Manfred, (E4) 130 Mannhaven, (CS).. 120 ManoiDS , ifii),... 250 Manvcl, (G3) 200 Mapleton. (H6) 215 Marion, (F6) 350 Marmarth, (A7)... 708 Martin, (D4) 350 Max, (C4) 369 Maxbass, (C2) 218 MayvUIe, (04).... 1,154 Medina, (E6) 668 Medora, (A6) 100 Mekinock, (03)... 200 Melville, (ES) 150 Mercer, (D4) ISO Merricourt, (F7)... 77 Michigan, (F4) 480 Milnor, (07) 675 Milton, (F2) 388 Minnewaukan, (E3) 518 Minot, (C3) 10,053 Minto, (03) 376 Mohall, (C2). 712 Monango, (F7) 177 Montpelier. (F6)... 250 Mooreton, (H7) 160 Mott, (B7) 738 Mountain, (G2).... ISO Munich, (F2) 450 Mylo, (E2) 131 Napoleon, (E6) 320 Neche. (02) 513 Nekoma, (F2) 159 Newburg, (D2) 248 New England, (B6) 553 New Leipzig, (C7) . 280 New Rocktord,(F4) 1,652 New Salem, (C6)... 652 Niagara, (04) 132 .Niobe, (B2) 200 Nome, (G6) 261 Noonan, (A2) 290 Norma, (02) 250 North Minot, (03). 432 Northwood. (04).. 968 Norwich. (D3) 180 Oakes. (F7) 1,403 Oberon. (E4). 320 Olga, (F2) 200 Omemee, (D2) 293 Oriska, (G6) 205 Osnabrock, (F2)... 264 Overly, (D2) 182 Page,(05)... 373 Palermo, (B3) 211 Park River, (03)... 1,074 Pekin, (F4)._ 192 Pembina, (02) 776 Penn, (E3) 100 Perth, (E2) 236 Petersburg, (F4)... 357 Pingree, (FS) 250 Pisek, (G3) 312 Plaza, (03) 426 Portal, (32) 525 Portland, (05) 607 Powers Lake, (B2). 194 R,ay, (A3) 679 Reeder, (B7) 166 Regent, (B7) 247 Reynolds, {(i4) 214 Rhame, (A7) 222 RichaidCon. (B6).. 660 OHIO Bradford, (C9) 1,844 Bradner,(04) 890 Bradrick, (L16) 250 Branch Hill, (D13).. 100 Brandon, (K8) 200 Brandt, (DIO) 240 Bratenahl, (04)... 690 Brecksville, (04) 950 Bremen, (LU) 925 Brewster, (07) 200 Brice, 010) ISO Briceton, (B5) 200 Bridgeport, (R9).... 3,974 Bridgewater Center, (B3) 100 Briggsdale, (HIO).. 200 Brighton, (F 10) 130 Brighton, (LS) 100 Brilliant, (S8) 742 Brimfield, (P5) 500 Brinkhaven, (M8). . 341 Bristolville, (R4).... 950 Broadway, (G8) 230 Broadwell, (N12)... 3S0 Brokensword, (H6). 170 Brookfield, (SS) 900 Brooklyn, (04) 1,700 Brooklyn Hgts, (04) 400 Brookside, (R9). ... 383 Brookville, (CIO).. .1,187 Broughton, (BS).... 195 Brownhelm, (L4). . . 200 Brownhelm Station, (L4) 200 Brownsville, (LIO). . 350 Brunswick, (N4) 100 Bryan, (B4) 3,641 Buchtel, (M12) 1,180 Buckeve City, (M8). 269 Buckland, (C7) 304 Bucyrus, (J6) 8,122 Buena Vista, (G15) . 400 Buffalo, (PIO) 950 Buford, (E13) 160 Burb,ink, (N6) 351 Burghill, (S4) 400 Burgoon, (H4) 230 Burkettsville. (B8V . 236 Burlington, (L16). . . 300 Burton. (Q4) 650 Burton City, (06)... 200 Butlel,(L7) 730 Eutlervllle, (D12). 96 Byer, (K13) 200 Byesvillc, (OlO). ...3,156 Byhalia, (08) 250 Cable, (F9) 200 Cadiz, (R8) 1,971 Cadwallader, I.P9). . 130 Calais, (PIO) 87 Calcutta, (S7) 150 Caldwell, (GU) 1,430 Caledonia. (J 7) 562 Calla, (R6) 100 Cambridge, (09).. 11,327 Camden, (Bll) 899 Cameron, (RIO) 200 Campbell, (KIS).... 950 Campbellstown,(A10)100 Camp Deonison, (D13) 365 Canaan, (N6) 130 Canal Dover. (07) .6,621 Canal Fulton, (06).. 978 CanaLewisville,(N8) 300 Canal Winchester, OlO) 740 Canfield, (R5) 685 Cannelville, (NIO).. 451 Canton, (P6) 50,217 Carbondale^ (L12). . 500 Carbon HU1,(L12).. 600 Cardington,(J8)... 1,349 Carey, (G6) 2,225 Carlisle, (PI 1) 116 Carlisle, (CI 1) 260 Carlton, (M14) 200 Carman, (R8) 180 Carrington, (Mil). . 200 Carroll, (KIO) 284 Carrollton,(Q7).... 1,730 Can-others. (T6) 120 Carthago, (C13).. . .3,618 Carthagena, (B8)... 200 Carysville, (E9). ... 100 Cassella. (B8) 200 Casstown, (D9) 265 Castalia. (J4) 500 Castine, (BIO) 142 CaUwba,(F10) 234 Catawba Island, 03) 800 Cecil, (BS) 290 Cedarville, (Ell). ..1,039 Celina, (B7) 3,493 Center Belpre, (012) 150 Centerburg, (KS). . . 723 Centerficld, (F12)... 150 Center Village, (J 9). 150 Centerville, (L14)... 143 Centerville, (Dll). . 353 Ceylon, (L4) 300 Chagrin Falls, (P4). 1,93 1 Chambersburg,(M15) 209 Chambersburg, (DIO)IOO Chandlersville, (NIO) 300 Chapman, (K13).... 150 Chardon,(Q3) 1,S42 Charlestown, (Q5). . 600 Chatfield, (J6) 270 Chatham, (MS) 950 Chattanooga, (A7). . 110 Chauncey, (M12)... 821 Cherry Valley, (S3) . 250 Chesapeake, (LIO). . 541 Cheshire, (J 9) 120 Cheshire, (Ml 4) 300 Chester, (N13) ISO Chesterhill, (N12)... 410 Chesterland, (P3). .. ISO Chesterville, (K8).. . 229 Cheviot, (B13) 1,930 Chicago, (J5) 2,950 Chicago Junction, see LhiCigo.. ..2,950 Chickasaw, (08). .. . 309 ChUlicothe, 012).. 14,508 Chile. (D14) 260 Chippewa Lake, (N5) 180 Christiansburg, (D9) 380 Churchill, (SS) 200 Cincinnati,(C13).363,591 Circleville, (JU). ..6,744 Claiborne, (G8) 150 Claridon, (Q3) 800 Clarington, (RIO)... 784 Clark, (N8) 300 Clarksburg, (H12) . 558 Clarksfielci,(LS).... 300 Clarkson, (S7) 140 Clarksville, (E12). .. 425 Clay, (K14) ISO Clay Center, (03).. . 300 Claysville, (OlO).. .. 130 Clayton, (ClO) 430 Clcarport, (Kll).... 130 Clermontville, (D14) 100 Cleveland, (N3).. 560,663 CleveLind Hgts,(03)2,95S Cleves, (B13) 1,423 Clifton, (ElO) 239 Clinton, (06) 305 Cloverdale, (05). .. . 222 Clyde, (H4) 2,815 Coalburg, (SS) 300 Coalgrove, (KIS)... 1,759 Coal Run, (Oil).... 200 Coalton, (K13) 1,111 Coitsville, (S5) 200 Colby, (J4) 130 Coldwater, (B8) 869 Colebrook, (R3) 400 Coletown, (B9) 100 College Comer .(All) 379 College Hill, (C13).. 1,979 Collins, (K4) 300 Collinsville, (Bll)... 200 Collinwood, (03). ..4,850 Colton, (E4) 130 Columbia Center, (KIO) 220 Columbiana, (S6). .1,582 COLUMBUS, (JIO) 181,511 Columbas Grove, (D6) 1,802 Commercial Point, (HIO) 234 Concord, (Q3) 150 Condit, 09) 220 Conesville, (N9) 400 Congress, (M6) 164 Conneaut, (S2) 8,319 Conotton, (Q8) 100 Conover, (D9) 200 Continental, (CS).. 1,074 Convoy, (B6) 741 Coolville, (N13) 370 Coopersville, (H14). 130 Copley, (OS) 300 Copopa, (N4) 100 Cornersburg, (RS). . 250 Cornmg, (Mil) 1,564 Corsica, (K7) 200 Cortland, (R4) 612 Corwin, (Dll) 146 Coshocton, (N8). ...9,603 Covington, (C9).. . .1,848 Cozaddale,(D13)... 180 Craig, (09) 100 Cranenest, (Qll). .. 200 Crescent, (R9) 100 Crescentville, (012). ISO Crestline, (J6) 3,807 Creston, (N6) 970 Cridersville, (D7)... 526 Cromers, (HS) 100 Crooksvillc, (MIO) .3,028 Croton, (K9) 410 Crown City, (LIS).. 295 Crystal Spring, (P6). 400 Cuba, (E12) 180 Cumberland, (OlO) . 609 Curtice, (03) 400 Custar, (E4) 345 Cuyahoga Falls,(P5)4,020 Cygnet, (F5) 699 Cynthiana, (G13). .. 180 Dalton, (06) 599 Damascus, (R6) 400 Danbury, (74) 150 Danford,(09) 200 Danville, (L8) 373 DarbyvUle, (HU). . 233 Darrowville, (PS). . . 150 Darrtown, (B12).. .. 300 Dawn, (B9) 150 Dayton, (Dll)... 116,577 Dean, (Dll) 170 Deavertown, (Nil). 223 Decatur, (F14) 300 Decliff, (07) 100 Deerfield, ((55) 480 Deer Park, (013). .. 300 Deersville, (Q8) 187 Defiance, (04) 7,327 Degraff, (E8) 1,082 Delaware, (H8) 9,076 Delhi, (B13) 872 Dell,(P12) 150 Dellroy, (Q7) 373 Delphos.(C6) 5,038 Delta, (D3) 1,689 Democracy, (L8). . . 180 Demos, (RIO) 190 Dennison, (P8) 4,008 Dent, (B13) 200 Derby, (HIO) 300 Derwent, fOlO) 500 Deshler, (ES) 1,515 Deunquat, (H6) 200 Dexter, (M13) 280 Dexter City, (OH).. 235 Dialton, (ElO) 130 Diamond, (Q5) 250 Dillonvale,(R9).... 1,519 Dixie, (Mil)....;.. 150 Dixon, (A6) 300 Doanville, (M12)... 700 Dodgeville, (R3).... 200 Dodson, (CIO) 100 Dodsonville, (E13). . 230 Dola, (F6) 200 Donnelsville, (ElO). 202 Dorset, (S3) 200 Dover, (N4) 300 Dowling, (F4) 100 Downington, (M13) 130 Doylestown, (06). .. 877 Drakes, (Mil) 100 Dresden, (M9) 1,549 Drill, (R9) 300 Dublin, (H9) 239 Dunbridge, (F4).... 200 Duncan Falls, (NIO) 250 Dundas,(K13) 200 Dundee, (07) 350 Dungannon, (R7). .. ISO Dunglen, (R9) 200 Dunkirk, (F6) 1,109 Dupont, (CS) 334 Eagle Cliff, (N3).... 100 East Akron, (P5). . . 100 East Claridon. (Q}). 100 E. Cleveland, (03). .9.179 E.Columbus, (710) . 100 East Fairfield, ?S6).. 300 E. Greenville, (06).. 400 E. Lewistown, (S6).. 100 East Liberty. (F8).. 500 East Liberty, (06). . 100 E.Liv'!rpooI,(S7). 20,387 E. Monroe, (G12)... ISO E. Norwalk, (K4). .. 100 Easton, (06) 180 EastOrwell, (R3). .. 700 E.Palestine, (S6)... 3,537 E. Plymouth, (R2). . 200 E.Ringgold, (J 11).. 180 E. Rochester, (R7). , 250 E. Sparta, (P7) 250 E.Springfield, (R8). 300 E.Townsend, (LS). . 100 E. Trumbull, (R3).. 180 East View, (N4).... 479 E.Youngstown,(S5) 4,972 Eaton, (Bll) 3,187 Ebcr, (GU) 100 Eckmansville, (F14). 100 Edenton, (D13) 330 Edgerton, (B4) 1,072 Edinburg, (Q5) 150 Edison, (J7) 387 Edlam, (M7) 100 Edon, (A3) 678 Eifort, (K14) 200 Elba, (PI 1) 350 Eldorado, (BIO) 321 Elgin, (B7) 129 Ell, (Fll) 100 Elidi,(D6) 447 Elizabethtown, (A13) 300 Elk Fork, (L12), ... 150 Elkton, (S6) 160 EUerton, (CU) 139 Elliottsville, (S8). .. 150 Elliston, (03) 130 Ellsbcrry, (FIS) 100 Ellsworth, (RS) 600 Elmore, (04) 937 ElmwoodPl,(B13) 3,423 Elton, (07) 130 Elyria, (M4) 14,825 Empire, (S7) 509 Englewood, (CIO).. . 250 Enon, (ElO) 249 Era, (HU) 140 Erhart, (NS) 100 Etna, (KIO) 300 Euclid, (03) 1,953 Euphemia, (BIO). .. 300 Eureka, (M15) 200 Evansport, (C4) 350 Everett, (OS) 100 Ewington, (L13) 130 Excello, (012) 200 Fairfax, (F13) ilO Fairfield, (DIO) 292 Fairhaven. (All)... 200 Fairlawn, (OS) 100 Fairmount, (03) 300 Fairpoint, (R9) ISO FatportHarbor, (Q2) 2,263 Fairview, (P9) 346 Farmdale, (S4) 300 Farmer, (B4) 370 Farmers Station, (E12) 130 Farmersville, (CU) . 437 Famham, (S2) 100 Fayette, (C3) 915 Fayetteville, (E13).. 370 Feesburg, (E14) ISO Felicity, (D 14) 578 Fembank, (B13).... 305 Fidelity, (CIO) 300 Fields, (N4) 100 FincasUe, (F14) 120 Findlay, (FS) 14,858 Fitchville, ((KS).... 137 Fivemile, (E13) 200 Fivenoints, (HU).. . 220 Flat Rock, (JS) 350 Fletcher, (:D9) 376 Floodwood, (M12). . 4S0 Florencedale, (R8). . 300 Florida, (04) 234 Flushing, (Q9) 868 ny,(Qll) 100 Folger, (M4) 400 FootviUe, (R3) 250 Foraker, (F7) 250 Ford, (Q4) 150 Forest, (G6) 1,285 Forestville (C13)... 200 Fort Jefferson, (B9). 100 Fort Jennings, (C6). 336 Fort Loramie, (C8) . 489 Fort Rccovery,(A8) 1,193 Fort Seneca, (HS).. . 100 Rock Lake, (E2)... 233 Rolette. (E2) 434 Rolla, (E2) 601 Rugby, (E3) 1,458 Ruso,(D4) 126 Russell, (D2) 153 Rutland, (07) 280 Ryder, (C4) 380 Saint John, (E2)... 402 Saint Thomas, (G2) 550 Sanborn, (F6) 412 Sarles, (E2) 328 Sawyer, (C3) 327 Schafer, (A4) 300 Scranton, (A7) 181 Sentinel Butte, (A6) 333 Sharon, (04) 328 Sheldon, (06) 381 Sherbrooke, (05).. 100 Sherwood, (C2) 415 Sheyenne, (E4) 500 Sims, (C6)_ 202 Souris„(02) 336 Spiritwood, (F6)... 250 Stanley, (B3) 653 Stanton, (05) SOO Starkweather, (F2). 262 Steele, (E6) 504 Sterling, (D 6) 137 Strasburg, (D7).... 431 Streeter, (E6) 350 Surrey, (C3) 120 Sweet Briar, (C6).. 100 Sykeston, (E5) 333 Tagus, (C;3) 136 Foster, (D12) 320 Fostoria, (OS) 9,597 Fowler, (S4) 180 Frankfort, (H12). .. 734 Franklin, (CU) 2,659 Franklin Sq, (R6). . 300 Franklin Station.(N9)2S0 Frazeysburg, (L9) . . 614 Fredericksburg, (N7) 507 Fredericktown,(K3) 1,021 Freedom Station,(QS)120 Freeman, (87) 100 Freeport, ((29) 624 Freeport, (04) 733 Fremont, (H4) 9,939 French, (HIS) 190 Fresno, (08) 290 Frost, (N12) 390 Fruitdale, (G12) 100 Fruithai, (C13) 150 Fryburg, (D7) 180 Fulda, (PU) 120 Fullertown, (P4) 100 Fulton, (J8) 330 Fultonham, (MIO).. 340 Gahanna, (J9) 294 Galena, (J9) 640 Gallon, (J7) 7,214 Gallia, (K14) 140 Gallipolis, (L14). . . 5,560 Galloway, (HIO) 250 Gambler, (L8) 537 Ganges, (K6) 100 Gano, (012) 110 Garfield, (R6) 250 Garrettsville, (<34).. 1,001 Gates .Mill, (P3) 300 Gaysport, (NIO) 200 Geneva, (R2) 2,496 Genoa, (G3) 817 GeorgesvUle, (HIO) . 300 Georgetown, (E14). 1,580 Germano, (R8) 300 Germantown, (011)1,778 Getaway, (L16) 130 Gettysburg, (B9). .. 320 Geyer, (D7) 140 Ghent, (OS) 180 Gibsonburg, (G4). .1,864 Gilboa, (ES) 345 Gillespieville, (J13).. 230 Gilmore, (P8) 280 Ginghamsburg,(D10) 150 Girard, (S5) 3,736 Glandorf, (D5) 558 Glencoe, (RIO) 280 Glendale,(B12).... 1,741 Olenford, (LIO) 180 Glenmont, (M7). . . . 269 Glenmore, (B6) 200 Glenroy, (K13) 800 Glenwillow, (P4)... I.SO Glouster, (Mil)... .2,527 Glynwood, (C7) 200 Gnadenhutten, (P8). 560 Goes, (ElO) 110 Gomer.(D6) 220 Good Hope, (G12).. 280 Goosetown, (K12). 100 Gordon. (BIO) 181 Gore, (LU) 200 Goshen, (D13) 400 Gracey,(P12) 150 Grafton, (M4) 955 Grand Rapids, (E4). 574 Grand River, (P3). . 203 Grandview, (QIO... 200 GrandviewHgts,(H9) 489 Granger, (N5) 100 Grant, (F7) 100 GranvUle, (K9) 1,394 Gratiot, (LIO) 250 Gratis, (Bll) 410 Graysville, (Qll). .. 166 Gray town, (G3) 150 Greasyridge, (LIS). . 100 Greatbend, (N14)... 160 Green Camp, (07). . 308 Greenfield, (012).. .4,228 Greenford, (R6) 200 Greenland. (H12)... 130 Oreensburg, (R4). . . 200 Oreenspring, (HS). ..833 Oreentown, (P6) 350 Greenville, (B9).... 6,237 Greenwich. (LS) 876 Greer, (M7) 100 Grelton, (E4) 210 Gresham, (N4) 200 Griffith, (Qll) 150 Taylor, (B6) 400 Temvik, (D7) 250 Thompson. (04)... 360 Thome, (E2) 53 Tioga, (B3) 369 Tolley, (C2) 306 Tolna. (F4) 288 Tower City, (06).. 492 Towner, (D 3) 707 Turtle Lake, (D4).. 550 Underwood, (C5).. 415 Upham, (D2) 273 VaUeyCity, (F6).. 4,783 Velva, (D3) 258 Verona, (F7) 233 Wahpeton, (H7)... 2,814 Walcott, (G6) 250 Wales,(F2) 400 Walhalla, (02) 544 Walum, (FS) 100 Warwick, (F4) 180 Washburn. (D5)... 657 Webster, (F3) 100 Westhope, (C2) 306 Wheatland, (G6)... 520 Wheelock, (A3) 250 White Earth. (B3) 238 Wildrose, (A2) 387 Williston, (A3) 4,678 Willow City, (D2).. 648 Wilton, (D5) 713 Wimbledon. (FS).. 533 W'shek. (E7). 489 Wyndmere, (07)... 489 York, (E3) 300 Zeeland, (E8) 200 Griggs, (R2) 100 Groesbeck, (B13)... 350 Grove, (Q4) 100 Grove City, (HIO).. 837 Groveport, OlO) 643 Orover, (S9) 366 Grover Hill, (B6). . . 676 Gustavus, (S4) 250 Gutman, (D7) 100 Guysville, (N12) 180 Gypsum, 03) 660 HallsvUle,012) 280 Hamden, (tl3) 1,019 Hamersville, (D14).. 276 Hametown, (06) 150 Hamilton, (B12). .35,279 Hamler, (OS) 596 Hamlet, (D13) 250 Hammansbiu-g, (F5) 200 Hammondsville,(R7) 400 Hampden, (Q3) 200 Hanford, (HIO),.. 361 Hanging Rock, (K15)662 Hannibal, (RU).... SOO Hanover, (M9) 331 Hanovcrton, (R7).. . 317 Harlem Springs, (Q7) 250 Harper, (F8) 150 Harpcrsville, (R9). . 180 Harpster, (G7) 239 Harriettsville, (PU). 250 Harris, (L14) 100 Harrisfaurg, (HIO)... 286 Harrison, (A12) 1,368 HarrisonvUle, (M13) 300 Harrbville, (R9). . 364 Harrod, (E7) 474 Harshman, (DIO). .. 300 Hartford, set Croton 410 Hartford, (S4) 300 Hartland, (KS) lOO Hartsgrove, (R3). . . 800 Hartville, (P6) 350 Hartwell, (B13) 2,823 Harveysburg, (E12). 359 Haskins, (F4) 391 Hatton, (GS) 100 Havana, (J5) 200 Haverhill. (J 15) 100 Haviland, (B5) 233 Hawk, (L13) 100 Haydenville, (L12).. 400 Hayesvjlle, (L6) 338 Hazael, (N13) 150 Hazlewood, (C12)... 40O HebbardsvilIe,(M12) 150 Hebron, (KIO) 677 Hedges, (BS) 100 Helena, (04) 305 Hemlock, (Mil). ... 452 Hendry.sburg, (Q9).. 450 Henley, (H14) 180 Hepburn, (G7) 250 Heslop, (P12) 300 Hessville, (H4) 250 Hicksville, (A4) 2,395 Higby, 013) lOO Higglnsport, (D14).. 417 Highland, (F12).... 272 HiUgrove, (A9) 200 Hilliards, (H9) 370 Hillsboro, (FI3).... 4,296 Hinckley, (N5) 280 Hh-am, (Q4) 422 Hockingport, (N13). . 230 Holgate, (D4) 1,095 Holland, (F3) 200 HoUansburg, (AlO).. 287 HoUister, (Mil) 500 Holloway, 'wett, (Q8) 917 obs, (M12) 700 ohnson, (06) 200 ' ohnsonville, (S4).. . 600 ohnstown, (K9).. . . 805 ohnsville,(Cll).... 200 oUy,(Qll) 100 oyce, (08) 210 unction, (C5) 200 unction City, (LU) 811 .ustus, (07) 380 'Calida,(D6) 770 Kamms, (N4) 280 Kanauga,(M14).... 150 Kansas, (G5) 400 Keene, (N8) 150 Kelleys Is. (K3) ...1,017 KeUoggsville, (S2). . 300 Kenmore, (05) 1,561 Kennard, (F9) 150 Kennedy, (C13) 260 Kennedy Heights, (B13) 598 Kennon, (Q9) 100 Kennonsburg, (PIO).. 100 Kensington, (R7). . . 400 Kent, (PS) 4,488 Kenton, (F7) 7,185 Kettlersville. (C8). . 149 Keystone, (K14).. . KiefervUle, (D5). .. Kilbourne, (J8). ... '"".8).. 150 120 250 300 Kilgore, (R8. KiUbuck, (N8) 400 Kimberly, (M12). .. 200 Kimbolton, (09).... 277 Kings Creek, (E9). . 200 Kings Mills, (D12). . 750 Kingston, (J 12) 813 Kingsville, (S2) 600 Kingsway, (H4) 100 Kinsman, (S4) 900 Kipling, (PIO) 300 Kipton, (L4) 250 Kirby. (G6) 136 KirkersviUe, (KIO).. 297 Kirkpatrick, (H7).. . 100 Kirtland, (P3) 210 Knoxvile, (S8) lOO Kos3uth,(C7) 123 Krumroy, (P5) 100 Kunkle. (B3) 450 Kyger, (M13) 150 Kyles Corners, (S5) """ 230 100 418 150 200 Lacame, (H3). Lafayette, (E6) Lafayette, (M6) Lafayette, (GIO).. . Lafayette, (N5) 100 Lagrange. (M5) 467 Laings, (QU) 100 Lake,(P6) 240 Lakeside, (K3) 300 Lakeview, (E8) 528 Lakeville, (M7) ISO Lakewood,(N3)... 15,181 Lamartine, (Q8) 150 Lamira, (Q9) 110 Lancaster, (KU).. 13,093 Landeck, (C6) 100 Lansing, (S9) 300 Larue, (G7) 772 Latham, (G 13) 100 Lathrop, (N12) 200 Latty,(BS) 339 Laura, (CIO) 302 Laurel, (D14) 200 Laurelville, (K12).. . 457 LawrenceviUe, (ElO) 100 Lawshe, (G14) 300 Leavittsburg, (R5).. 300 Lebanon, (D12) 2,698 Leesburg, (F12) 828 Lees Creek, (F12)... 150 LeesviUc, (Q8) 194 Leesville Cross Roads, (J6) US Leetonia, (S6) 2,665 Leipsic, (E5) ,1,773 Lemert, (H5) 100 Lemoyne, (G4) 300 Lena, (D9) 170 Leon, (S3) 100 Leonard, (TIO) 130 Leroy, (NS) 192 Letart Falls, (N14) . 500 Levanna, (E14) 300 Levering, (K7) 100 Lewisburg, (BIO)... 672 Lewis Center. (J9).. 300 Lewistown, (E8) 200 Lewisville, (Qll).. .. 291 Lexington, (K7).... 654 liberty, (CI 1) 230 Liberty Center, (E4) 647 LightsviUe, (AS).... 300 Lilly Chapel, (GIO). 400 Lima, (U7) 30,508 LimaviUe, (Q5) 136 Lime City, (F3).... 150 Limestone, (H3).... 200 Lindale, (D14) 100 Linden Heights, (J9) 991 Lindentree, (Q7).... 100 Lindenville, (S3).... 800 Lindsey, (H4) 501 Linndale, (04) 512 Linnville, (LIO) 100 Linton MUls, (Q9). . 150 Linworth, (H9) 170 Lisbon, (R6) 3,084 Litchfield, (MS) 200 Lithopolis,(J10).. .. 331 Little Hocking, (013)350 LitaeSandusky,(G6) 136 Lloyd, (Q5) 150 Lock, (K8) 100 Lockbourne, (J 10). . 307 Lockington, (C9). . . 166 Lockland,(C13).... 3,439 Lockwood, (R4) 300 Locust Comer, (C13) 150 Locust Grove, (G14) 200 Lodi, (N5) 1,015 Logan, (Lll) 4,850 Loganville, (E8) 180 London, (GIO) 3,530 Londonderry, (P)). • 100 Long Bottom, (N13) 150 Longstreth, (M12). . 500 Lorain, (M4) 28,883 Lor.imie, (C8) 489 Lordstown, (R5).... 100 LoreCity, (PIO). ... 609 LoudonviUe, (L7). .1,804 Louisville. (P6) 1,678 Lovdand. (Dl) 1,421 Lowell, (Oil) 569 Lowellville,(S5).... 1,592 Lower Salem, (PU). 287 Loyal Oak, (05) 130 LoydsvUle, (Q9) 150 Lucas, (L7) 272 Lucasburg, (OlO). . . 400 Lucasville, (J14).... 260 Luckey, (F4) 500 Ludlow Falls, (CIO) 300 Luhrig,(M12) 400 Lykens, (H6) 200 Lynchburg, (E13).... 923 Lyndon, (G12) 150 Lyons, (D3) 408 Lyra, (KU) 160 McArthur,(L13)... 1,107 McClainville, (R9). . 200 McClure, (E4) 547 McComb, (E5) 1,088 McConnelsville, (Nil) 1,831 McCuneville, (Lll). 300 McCutchenville, (G6)350 McDermott, (H14).. 200 McDonaldsville, (P6) 120 McGuffey, (E7) 491 McLunev, (Mil)... 100 Macedonia, (P4).. . . 500 Mack, (B13) 150 Macksburg, (PU)... 454 Macon, (F14) 110 Madeira, (CI3) 550 Madison, (Q2) 863 Madisonburg, (N6) . 180 Madison Mills, (G 11)1 50 MadUonvaie,(C13) 5.193 Magnetic Springs, (G8) 155 Magnolia, (P7) 556 Magrcw, (E9) 2 SO Miholm, (Lll) 200 Maineville, (D12)... 245 Malaga, (QIO) 150 Malinta, (D4) 345 Mallet Creek, (N5) . 400 Malta, (Nil) 971 Malvern, (07) 753 Manchester, (F15) . 1,966 Mandale, (C5) 130 Mansfield, (K6)... 20,768 Mantua, (Q4) 721 Maplcshade, (M14). 400 Mapleton, (P6) 120 Maplewood, (D8). . 150 Marathon, (D13)... 150 Marblediff, (HIO). . 88 Marblehead.(K3).. 1,172 Marchand, (P6) 100 Marengo, (J8) 283 Maria Stein, (C8). .. 500 Marietta, (012)... 12,923 Marion, (H7) 18,232 Mark Center, (B4). . 300 Marlboro, (Q6) 250 Marseilles, (G 7) 225 Marshall, (G13) 100 Marshallville, (06).. 294 Martel, (J7) 160 Martin, (G3) 400 Martinsburg, (L9). . 252 Manias Ferry, (S9) 9,133 Martinsville, (E12).. 334 Marysville,(G9)... 3,576 Mason, (C12) 737 Massieville, (J12)... 250 Massill m, (06).. . . 13,879 Masterton, (PU)... 100 Maud, (C12) 150 Maumee, (F3) 2,307 Maximo, (Q6) 190 Mayfield, (P3) 500 Maynard, (R9) 400 Meander, (R5) 100 Means, (R8) 100 Mecca, (S4) 250 Mechan icsburg,(F9) 1 ,446 Mechanicstown,(R7) 250 Medina, (NS) 2,734 Medwav,(piO). ... 250 Meeker £NN8YI.VANIA) INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES PENNSYLVANIA AinnsbuTg, (G6)... 300 Abbottstown. (HtlO). 400 Abinglon. (L9) 400 Abraharasville. (L2). 100 Abrams, (L9) 150 Academia, (G7) 240 Academy C'^—.crs, (G2) VSO AckermaQVille,(L6) . 350 AcosU, (09) Adah, (BIO) AdunsbBTK, (B8) Barbara, (ES) 200 Bloomsburg, (RS). Barclay, (H3) Bardwell, (K3) Barevillc. (J 9) Barker. (LIOJ BarkeyviUe, (B5).. Barnes, (D3). . Barnesboro, (D7)... 3,535 200 500 300 675 200 100 230 AdamstowD, 09). .. AdarasviUc, (A3).. . . Addiaghara, (LIO).. AddisoQ. (Cll) Adelaide, (B9) 500 150 100 too 100 200 719 150 Admire, (HIO), Adrian, (U6)... AirvUle, (JIO).. Airydale, (F8).. Aitch, CE8) Akron, (19).... Alba,(H3) Albion, (A2) 1,534 Albunis.(K7) 900 Aldan, (LlO) 661 AldenStauon, (KS). 200 AldenvUle, (U) 130 Alderson, (J4) 400 Aleppo, (AlO) 100 Alexandria, (E7).... 432 Aliquippa,(A7).... 1,743 Alleraans, (E7) 100 Allen, (G9) 350 AUenport, (B9) 1,500 AUensMUls, (D5)... 200 Allensville, (F7) 290 AUemciwn,(K7)... 51,913 Allenwood,(H5).... 300 Allison Park, (B7)... 350 Allport, (E6) 400 Almedia,(J5) 200 Altoona, (E7) 52,127 Alum Bank, (D9). . . 320 Alverton, (B9) 600 Ambersons Valley, (F9) 450 Ambler, (L9) 2,649 Ambridge.(A7).... 5,205 Amity, (A9) 250 Amsbry, (D7) 260 Andalusia, (M9). .. . 300 Anita, (C5) 3,000 Annville, (H8) 3,000 AnsonviUe. (D6) 450 Antes Fort, (G5).... 300 Antrim, (G3) 1,500 ApoUo, (B7) 3,006 Applewold, (B6).... 300 Aquashicola, (K.6).. . 300 Aram, (GIO) 250 Ararat, (K2) 500 Arcadia. (D6) 1,400 Archbald, iL4) 7,194 Ardara,(B8) 400 Arden,(A9) 400 Ardmore, (LlO) 3,800 Arendtsville, (GIO).. 383 Argentine, (B5) 500 Ariel, (U) 400 Aristes, (J6) 400 ftrmagh,(C8) 82 Armbrust, (39) 350 (Arnold, (B7) 1,818 ^mot,(G3) 3,500 frrooa, (B8) 683 Arrow, (D9) 300 Arroyo, (D4) 200 Artz,(H7) 300 Ashbourne, (L9) 650 Aslierton, (H6) 200 Ashlield, (K6) 100 Ashland, (16) 6,855 Ashley, (K5) 5,601 Ashtol.-i. (D9) 100 Ashville, (D7) 384 Askam, (K5) 600 Aspinwall, (B7) 2,592 Aston Mills, (LlO).. 400 Atco, (L3) 100 Atglen,(K10) 546 Athens, (H2) 3,796 Athol, (K8) 230 Atkinsons Mills, (F8) 120 Atlantic, (.\3) 200 Atlas, (16) 1,000 Atwood,(C6) 191 Auburn, (17) 921 Audenried, (J6) 5,000 Audubon, (L9)... . Barneston, (K9) 120 Bamesville, (K6).... 200 Barree, (E7) 240 Barry, (J7) 100 Bart, (JIO) 220 Bartonsville, (L5).... 250 Bartville, (JIO) 210 Bastress, (G5) 150 Bath, (L7) 1,057 Baurastown, (K8).. . 170 Beachhaven, (J3)... 400 Beachlake, (L3) 250 Bcachly, (CIO) 200 Beadlin?, (A8) 700 BeallsviUe, (B9) 407 Beargap. (H6) 120 Bear Lake, (C2) 221 Beartown, (K9) 170 Beaumont, (K.4) 190 Beaver, (A7) 3,456 Beaver Center, (A2) 150 Beaverdale, (D8)... 1,200 Beaver F.ilis, (A6; 12,1 91 Beaver Meadows, (K6) 1,530 Beaver Springs. (G7) 450 Beavertown, (G7)... 800 Beavervalley, (J6)... 500 Bechtelsville, (K8). . 417 Beckersvillc, (K9)... 250 Becks .Mills, (A9), 7,413 Bloserville, (G?) 130 Bloosburg, (G3) 2,303 Blue Ball, (J 9) 200 Bluebell, (L9) 150 BIytbedaie, (B9) 800 boalsburg, (F6) 300 Bodines, (H4) 200 Boiling Springs, (G9) 500 Bolivar, (C8) 518 Bonneauville, (GIO). 200 Bonnybrook, (G9)... 100 Booneville, (GS) 140 Booth Corner, (KIO) 140 Boquet, (B8) 130 Boston, (B8) 800 Boswcll, (D9) 1,878 Bourne, (H2) 100 Bower Hill, (A8) 300 Bowers, (K8) 200 Bowersville, (D6). . . 180 Bowmansdale, (H9). 240 Bowmanstown, (K6) 400 Bowman.'sville, (J9).. 250 Boyce Station, (A8). 100 Boyers, (B5) 200 Boyertown, (K8). . . 2,433 Bracken, (D8) 400 Brackenridge, (B7). 3,134 BradJock. (B8). . .19,357 Bradenville, (08).. .1,000 Bradford, (D2) 14,544 Bradys Bend, (B5). . 500 Braeburn, (B7) 200 Braman, (L2) 100 Branch Dale, (J 7),.. 750 Brandonville, (J6).. 200 Brandt, (L2) 400 uimden, (B8) 300 'ClearviUe, (ElO). . . Cameron, (E4) 300 Curtin, (H7) Cammal, (G4) 700 Clermont, (E3).. .. CampbcUtown, (H8) 280 Cleversburg, (G9).. Camp Hill, (.\8).... 150 Clifford, (K3) Camphill, (U9) 875 Clifton, (A8) Camptown, (J3) 230 Clifton Heights, Canadensis, (LS) 250 Candor, (/"■ Cannelton, 150 CuinboIa,07).... — Curllsville, (C5)... 200 Curry Run, (D6).. . Ctu"wensville, (DS) 2,549 Custards, (A3) 100 Custer City, (D2)... 200 ...1, Eriton,(D5).. Ernest, (C7)..., Erwinna, (L7^ Eshbach, (K8) Eshcol, (G8) Eshbach, (K8) ^"(Asl'-'^—i^S r^'°^-;?i^---^-\l^ CymbrirMin«,-(D7)3-55 E.ho^^^niio'^'- '"" ^Ifl]?)'^ ^tk«::;: &§lh::::]^g §Zi^^:a>^l^ e!^-<^-'-'^ ^^(^i^^^-. 100 300 130 200 300 730 E. Broadtop, (E9).. "" Eastbrook, (A5) E. Butler, (B6) , E. Canton, (H3).... E. Charleston, (G2). ... E. Conemaugh,(D8)5,046 E. Coventry, (K9).. 300 100 200 500 130 ISO Canoe Camp (G2).. 140 Canoe Run, (E4) 300 Canonsburg, (A8)... 3,891 Canton, (H3) 1,637 Carbon, (B8) 600 Carbondale, (K3). 17,040 Clinton, (L3) 250 Clintondale, (G5)... 220 Clintonville, (B5). . . 335 Cloe,(D6) 200 Clovercreek, (E8). . . 110 Clymer, (C7) 1,753 Cardiff Mmes,(D4). 300 Coal Bluff, (A9) 500 DalevUle, (U).. . . . Cardington, (LlO).. 400 Carlisle, (G9) 10,303 Carmichaels, (AlO).. 478 Carnegie. (A8) 10,009 Carnot, ( A7) 200 Carr, (B6) 200 Carrick, (B8) 6,117 Carroll, (G5) 100 Carrolltown, (D7). . 1,348 Cartwright, (D4)... 1,000 , .^.„, CarversvUle, (L8). . . 170 Coaltown, (B5)"" Carverton, (K4) 200 Coal Valley, (B8) Cashtown, (GIO).. .. 170 " ...■" — Cassandra, (D8) 306 Casselman, (CIO)... 166 Cassville, (E8) 165 Castle Fin, (JIO) 100 Castle Shatmon, „(A8) 2,600 Cataract, (ES) ;00 Coal CasUe, (J7)... 200 Coal Center, (B9)... 816 Coaldale, (E9) 311 Coaldale, (K6) 5,154 Coal Glen, (D5) 300 Coalhill, (B4) 100 Coalmont, (E9) 228 Coalport, (D7) 876 Coalridge, (K4) Coalrun, (CIO) 200 250 150 -—, 250 Coatesville, (KlO).l 1,084 Coburn, (G6) 200 Cocalico, (J8) ISO Cochranton, (A3)... 695 Cochranville, (KIO). 250 Cocolamus, (G7) 100 Codorus, (HIO) 420 Coffeetown, (L7) 500 Daguscahonda, (D4) 200 Dagus Mines, (D4). 800 Dahoga, (D3) 200 Daisytown, (IJ8) 382 Daisytown, (B9) 500 Dale, (K8) 1,000 Dale, (D8) 2,285 DalevUle, (L4) 250 DalL-is, (K4) 576 Dallastown, (HIO).. 1,884 Dalmalia, (H7) 350 Dalton, (K3) 767 Damascus, (L3) 140 Danboro, (L8) 150 Danielsville. (K6). . 1,000 Danville, fH6) 7,517 Darby, (LlO) 6,305 Darlington, (A6) 311 Darragh, (B8) 1,500 Dauberville, (J8) 100 Dauphin, (H8) 545 Davidsburg, (HIO).. 130 Davisville, (L9) 100 Dawson, (B9) 848 E.Earl, (J9) 150 Etna, (B7i E. Freedom, (D8)... 330 Etters, (H9)... E. Grcensburg, (B8)l,500 Euclid, (B5). . E.GreenvUle, (L8)..1,23S Eureka, (L9) "■ E.Hanover, (HS)... 330 "^ ' •■ E. Hickory, .-;Av;- 152 ^&^^-im f?? Ceile^SquareiaV): 3M 9^^^.'^^} 'd^ SL^rriqSv. «-««2 gl^.r^.^C^..... '130 Farm"r?vir(^T9'.^; , 100 Aughwick Mills, (F8) 500 Austin. (E5) . 2 941 Austinburg, (Fl) 100 S''^' T ^},^^' AustinvUle, (H2) 130 I— '"l ^'^'tir .„.. Avalon,(A7^..' .4 317 gF.""°8ham, (E7)... 196 Bells Landing, (D6). 200 Bellwood, (E7) 2,277 Belsano, (D7) 200 Bels:!n.i Mills, (E6).. 200 Ben .Avon, (A7) 1,828 Bendersville, (G10).„ 355 Benezett. (E4) 400 Bennett, (B7) 8,000 Bennington Furnace, (D7) 200 Benore, (F6) 20O Bensalem, (.M9) 100 Benson, (D9) 387 Bentley Creek, (H2). 150 BentleyviIle,(B9).. 1,922 Benton, (JS) 719 Beringer, (D7) ISO Berkley, (CIO) 100 Berks, (J7) 200 Berlin, (D 10) 1,336 Berlinsville, (K6)... 500 Berraudian, (G9).. . . 110 Berne, (J7) 100 Bernharts, (K8) 110 Bernice, (J4) 600 Bernville, (J8) 308 Berrysburg, (H7)... 377 Berwick, (GIO) 332 Berwick, (JS) 5,357 Bcrwinsdale, (D6).. . 150 Berwyn, (L9) 1,000 Bessemer, (A6) 500 Best,(K7) ISO Bethany, (L3) 130 Bethayres, (L9) 350 Bethel, (J8) 700 Bethel, (AS) 160 Bethesda, (JIO) ISO Bethlehem, (L7).. 12,837 Biglerville, (GIO)... 386 Bigpond, (H2) 100 Big Run, (DS).... .1,032 Big Shanty. (D2)... 220 Bigspring, (G9) ISO Bingen,rL7) 250 Binkley, (J9) 250 Birchardville, (K2). 100 Birchrunvillc, (K9). 130 Bird in Hand. (J9).. 250 Birdsboro, (K9) 2,930 " 200 Brisbin, (E6) 459 Bristol, (,M9) 9,2S6 Bristoria, (AlO) ISO Broadaw, (L9) 160 Bro,adFord, (B9)... 500 Broad Mountain, (J7) 800 Broadtop, (E9) 478 Brockport, (D4) 400 Brockton, (77) 300 BrockwayvUle, (D4)l,898 Brodbecks, (HIO)... 100 Brodhcadsville, (L6) 650 Brookfield, (F2) 100 Brook Haven, (LlO). 100 Brookland, (F2) 120 Brookline, (AS) 180 Brooklyn, (K2) 300 Erookslon, (C3) SOO Brookville, (C5).. . .3 003 Broomall, (I.IO) 140 Broughton, (A8)... .2,000 Brownfield, (BlO).. 1,500 Brownsdale, (B6). . . 100 Brownstiiwn, (DS).. 1,300 Brow.istiiwn, (J9).. 600 Brow.isviile, (J 8)... 200 Brownsville. (B9). .2,324 Bruccton, (A8) 500 Hruin. (B5) 539 Brumbiugh, (E'J)... 100 lirumfieidville, (K8) 320 Bruancrville, (J9)... 500 Brush Creek, (A6).. 110 Brush Valley, (C7).. 250 Bryansville. (Jll) .. 120 Bryn Athyn, (L9).. 130 Bryn Mawr, (L9). .3,100 Buckglen, (J6) 200 Buckharn, (H5).... 170 Buckingham. (L8).. ISO Buck Mtn, (J6) 300 Bucknell. (H6) 100 Bucna Vbta, (B8).. 500 Bufifdo Mills. (UIO) 200 Buff.do Roads, (G6) 200 l:uffaIorun, (E6) 120 Bulg:r, (A8) 1,200 Bullis Mills, (E2)... 120 Bumpville, (J2) 150 Center Valley, (L7) .500 Centerville, (B3) 264 Centerville, (B9).... 1,413 Central, (J4) 100 Centralia, (J6) 2,429 Cetronia, (L7) 200 Colona, (A7) 1,000 Columbia, (J9).. 11,454 Columbia Cross Roads, (H2) 200 Columbus. (B2) 346 Colwyn, (LlO) 1,584 Concord, (F9) 170 Chadds Ford, (KIO) 300 ConcordvUle, (KIO). 400 Chalfont, (L8).. 303 Conemaugh, (D8). .3,500 Deodati,-(H9) '200 Edella, (KsT. . M Fa^rTndsvi fe 9vl\ , Derrick City, (D2).. 200 Edelman, (L6).. . . \Z Far"d" (AS ' ^' Vn f Derry,(C8) 2,954 Eden, (M9). ...... 500 FaSove (fin '9 nerrv r.„..K Edenbom, (BIO). .. . IM Fa™trcit>^^,B9y2 Edenburg, (B4) 616 Fayetteville, (FIO) ' 61 Edgegrove (GU)... ISO FeasterviUe, (LQ)..'; 2i Edgehill, (L9)) 650 Federal, (A8) la Challenge, (D4).. . . Chambersburg, (FlO) 11,800 Chambersville, (C7). 600 Chandlers Valley, (C2)..... 200 100 Conestoga, (JIO) 600 Derry Church, (H8) 250 Desire, (DS) 500 Devon, (L9) 300 Dewart, (HS) 250 De Young, (D3) 300 Dick, (B8) 100 Confluence, (CIO).. . 890 DickersonRun,'(B9) 500 Edinboro, ('A2) Edgemont, (LlO).... 160 Felton, (HioV " Edgewood, (B8).. .. 2,596 Ferndale, (L7) Edgeworth, (A7)... 1,229 Ferndale, (D8) Conifer, (CS)....... 300 ConneautLake, (A3) 725 Conneautville, (A2). 867 Connellsville, (B9) 12,845 ^,. , 666 Edmburg. (AS) 440 Edri, (C7) 500 Edwardsville, (K4). 8,407 Fernwood, (LlO). Ferris, (BS) . Fertigs^ (B4). ..'.] Chaneysville, (ElO). 200 Conoquenessing, Chapel, (K8) 100 Chapman, (L7) 253 Chapman, (H7) 320 Chapman Quarries, „(L7) 350 Chanmans Run, (ElO) 100 Charleroi, (B9) 9,615 Charleston, (AS) 190 Chatham, (KIO) 190 Ch.auncy, (KS) 400 Cheat Haven, (Bll). 200 Chelsea, (LlO) 100 Cheltenham, (L9)... 400 Cherry Flats, (G3).. 130 Cherry Hill, (A2)... ISO Cherry Hill, (L7).... 100 Cherry Mills, (H3)... 140 Cherry Tree, (D7)... 439 Cherrytree. (B3) 100 Cherry Valley, (BS). 113 Cherry Valley, (A8) 1,400 Cherry ville, (K6)... 300 Chester, (LlO) 38,537 Chester Heights, (LlO) 130 Chester Hill, (E6).. . 648 (A6) 400 Conrad, (F3) 360 Consbohocken, (L9) 7,480 Conway, (A7) 1,483 Conyngham, (J6)... . 406 Cookport, (D7) 150 Cooksburg, (C4).... ISO Coolbaughs, (LS)... 100 Coolspring, (CS).... ISO Coopersburg, (L7)... 633 Cooperstown, (B3). . ISl Coplay, (L7) 2,670 Coral, (C7) 700 Coraopolis, (.A7)... .5,252 Cordelia, (J 9) ISO Cornplanter, (D2).... 200 Cornw.all, (J8) 300 Cnrry, (B2) 5,991 v-orsica, (CS) 301 Cortez, (L4) 200 Corydon, (D2) 500 CoryvUle, (E3) 300 Costello, (E3) 900 Coudersport, (F2). .3,100 Coulters, (B8) 600 Coupon, (D7) 500 Courtdale, (K4).. ' ' Dickinson, (G9) 800 Dickson City, (K4). 9,331 Dillsburg, (H9) 853 Edwardsville, (K4). 8,407 Fieldl Station' foVl' 5) Dimock,(K3) 100 Effort, (L6). I..... . 110 FUer (A4) * ^ ^' 2 iPP'j '■PL.V ■ ■ • '•°<"' Finleyville; (aV)! '.'.'. t Ehrenfeld, (D8) 400 Fisher, (C4). « Earn, (KIO) 130 Fishers Feriy, (H6): 2 f K'"'^,'te\<^">--- ^^° F«hertown,(b9).. r gbon (D*) 300 Fisherville, (H7) k ImS°''^?">VoV- '^* FfeW=gCreek,(J5. 2 E!d:r?^f(c^A'.l-;:- 285 S'^-^'.-«?j?".'l9) 3? El Dorado. (E8) 300 Eldred, (E2) 1,235 Eldredsville, (H3).. . 100 Eleanor, (D5) 500 E!gin,(B2) 148 . , _,,, E imsport, (GS).. . . . 400 Fleetwood, (K8);.'.Vl,39 Elizabeth, (B8)_. .2,311 Fleming, (F6). ..... 36 Dingmans Ferry, „(MS) 350 Dixmont, (A7) 1,200 Dixon, (K3) 130 DixonvHIe, (C7) 800 Doe Run, (KIO).... 220 Dolington, (M9) 130 Donaldson, (J7) 1,100 Donegal, (C9) 147 Donora, (B9) 8,174 Dormont, (A8) 1,115 Dornsife, (H7) 110 Dorranceton, (K4).. 4,046 Dorseyville, (B7).... 500 Douglassville, (K8).. 130 Fiveforks, (FlO).... K Five-Mile House, ^.(K8), ?:... IC Fivepomts, (AS) 2C Flatwoods, (B9) 13 Fleetville, (K3) 25 Dover, (H9) 576 Elizabethtown,(H9J2,S87 Downievilie, (B7)... 200 Elizabethvillc, (H7)l,039 Downingtown, Elk City, (B4) 100 (K9) 3,326 Elk Grove, (J4) 100 Doylesburg, (F9).... 100 Elkhom, (B9) 200 Doylcstown, (L8)... J,304 Elk Lake, (J3) 200 Draketown, (CIO).. . . 120 Draper, (G3) 140 Dravosburg, (B8)... 1,895 Drehersville, (K7)... 420 Dresher, (L9) 300 Driiton, (KS) 2,500 Driftwood, (E4) 517 Avella, (A8) 500 Avis,(GS) 796 Avoca, (K4) 4,634 Avon, (18) 400 Avondale, (KIO).... 668 Avonia,(An 200 Avonmore,(C7).... 1,262 Avoy,(L4) 150 Axemann, (F6) 200 Bachmanville, (H9). 260 Baden, (A7) 601 Bajgaley, (C9) 1,000 Bainbridge, (H9).. . . 800 2^, (B9) 300 Bakers Summit, (E8) 200 Bakerstown, (B7)... 300 Bakersville, (C9).. . . 100 Ba^a,lL10) 2OO Ba^d Eagle, (E7).... 300 Baldmount, (K4)... no Balls Mills, (G4).... 120 Bally, (K8) .'.::: IsS B»ls"-(B7) 100 S??J?!i,L«)v..-- 5,369 Bishop, (A8) 500 Bismarck, (J8) 700 Bittcrsville, (HIO)... 100 Bitumen, (F4) 400 Blackash, (B3) 180 Blackhorse, (KIO)... 330 Black Lick, (C8)... 1,500 Blarklog, (F8) 200 Blackwalnut, (J3).. . 100 Blain, (F8) 326 Blain City, (D6)... 540 Blainsport, (J8) 180 Blairs Mills, (F9)... 100 Blair Station, (A8).. 400 Blairsville, (C8) 3,572 Blairsville Intersection, (C8) 400 Blakely, (K4) 5,345 Blakeslee, (KS) 200 Blanchard, (F5) 550 Blandburg, (E7).. . .1,800 Blandon, (K8) 600 Bloomfield. (G8) 762 Bloomingdale, (JS).. 200 . :J2)... Bunkcrhill. (J8) 150 Bunola, (n9) 300 Burdine, (A8) 300 Burgettstown, (A8).I,268 Burlington, (H2) 142 Burnham, (F7) 700 Burnside, (D6) 493 Burnt Cabins, (F9). 120 Burnwood, (K2) 120 Burrows, (D3) 180 Bursonville, (L7).... 170 Bushkill, (L5) 130 Butler, (B6) 20,728 Buttonwood, (G3)... 200 .,,.___ ., , _ 548 Chester Springs,(K9) 180 Courtney, (A9) 600 Drinker, (L4)..'. 100 Chester Valley, (L9) 160 Cove Forge, (E8). . . 100 Drummond, (D4). . . ISO ~ " ' ' "' ^ Coventryville, (K9). 100 ~ Covington, (G3) 340 Covode, (C6) 200 Cowan, (H6) 110 Cowanesque, (G2)... 330 Cowanshannoc, (C6) 200 Cowansville, (B6)... 200 Chest Springs, (D 7). 174 Cheswick, (B7) 317 Chewton, (A6) 300 Cheyney, (KIO) 230 Chickies, (J9) 250 Chicora, (B6) 1,700 Childs, (K3) 100 Butztown, (L7) 200 Clarington, (C4). . Chillisquaque, (H6). 160 Crabtree, (C8) 200 Chinchilla, (K4) 320 Crafton, (A8) 4,583 Choconut, (J2) 250 " - Christiana, (JIO).... 934 Church town, (K9).. 300 Churchville, (L9)... 260 Circleville, (B8) 100 Clair, (E8) 100 Clairton, (B8) 3,326 Cbrence, (FS) 100 Clarendon, (C2) 933 Claridge, (B8) 2,200 ille,(B6).... 280 Duncansville, (E8)..l,263 Elwyn, (LlO) ISO Fort Loudon (FlO) 3 10 (HIO) 150 Dundaff.(K3) 150 Elysburg, (H6) 200 For nev (hV lIS ,(C8) 160 Dunkard,(All) 200 Emaus, (L7) 3,501 Fort VVashingtoiL' ' Byrnedale, (D4) 600 Cabot, (B6) 200 Cains, (K9) ISO Caledonia, (E4) 260 California, (L8) 120 California, (B9) 2,230 Callensburg, (B5)... 198 Callery, (A7) 235 Calumet, (B9) 500 Camargo, (JIO) 180 Cambra, (J5) 100 Blooming Glen, (L8) 300 Cambridge, (k.9).'. ! ! 130 Banksviurffir'ilm g«>™ng uien, (L8) 300 Cambridge, (K9).. . BSSSSl'(B^9l*?:-V.iS ifc:i°i§ir.-S'd\?2S CambridgeSprings. 200 Blooming VaUey',(A3)150 ,.... 31(i INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES (PENNSYLVANL.y 371 xJericksburg, (J8) 770 !dericktown, (A9)l,000 jdonia, (A4). :eburg, (H7). ■ed, CC9) ;edom, (A7). . «hoid, (C2).. *laiid, (K5).. 3«inan, (K.8), 443 .. 680 .. 300 . .3,0(,0 .. 110 -.6,197 100 Gravity, (L4) 150 Grays Landing, (810)200 Graysville, (E7) Greason, (G9) Great Belt, (U6) Great Uend, (K2)... Greece City, (B6)... Greeley, CL4} Greenbrier, (H7) 160 100 100 788 100 200 160 Hillsgrove, (H4) S50 Hillside. (C8) 130 Hillsville, (A5) 200 Hinliletown, (J9).... 180 Hitcs, CB7) 300 Hobbie, (J5) 100 Hoboken, CU7) 700 Hogestown, (G9).. . . 150 Hokendauqua, CK.7). 800 iemansburg, (L7). 867 Greencastle, (FIO).. 1,919 Hollidaysburg, (E8)3,734 jumoiiviUc (BloV 2,24S 220 100 300 600 103 ! :eport, (B7). " ■nchville, {E5).. . . cks, (L8) edens, (C9) idensburg, (J7).. ndsviUc, 02)-... co,(A6) 100 iztown, (J9) 100 stburg. (C6) 400 ■burg. (C4) 300 ler, (CS) 100 lerton, (L7) 750 ton House, U 10). 150 (JIO) 130 oes, (F3) 1,000 Eton, (F3) 4,027 latin, (B9) 300 fitzin, (D8) 3,504 ister, (E8) 100 .5. (BU) 200 „). (JIO) 800 :Jdcau, (E3) 100 !*fdenvilie, {L8)... 200 fleld, 08) 150 land, (C2) 300 mans Mills, (D7) ISO rett, (CIO) 848 rcttford, (LIO).. 220 wood, (B91 100 tonville, (A8)... . 650 town, (C7) 150 chellville, (Hll). 160 Greene, (JIO) 200 Greenfield, (Bl) 100 Greenfield, (A5) 300 Greengrove, (K3). . . 180 Greenlane, (K8) 372 Greenock, (B8) 750 Greensboro, (BIO)... 442 Greensburg, (C8).. 13,012 Greenspring, (F9)... 100 Green Tree, (A8)... 1,143 Green Village, (F9).. 210 Greenville, (A4) 5,909 Grill, (K8) 200 Grimvillc, (K7) 160 Grindstone, (B9) 500 Groffs Store, (J9)... 180 Grovania, (H6) 200 Grove City, (A5),.. 3,674 Grover, (H3) 300 Groveton, (AT) 390 Gullev. (D3) 100 Gulf .Mills, (L9) 800 Hoolinger, (J 9) 150 Hollisterville, (L4). . 300 HoUsopple, (D9) 450 Holtz, (HIO) 200 Home, (C6) 130 Homer City, (C7)... 985 Homestead, (B8)...18,713 Honesdale, (L3) 2,945 Honeybrook, (K9).. 581 Honey Grove, (F8).. 250 Honor, (.\6) 200 Hooker, (B5) 100 Hookstown, (A7).. . . 250 Hoopcston, (L9) 250 Hooverhurst, (D6). . 100 Hooversville, (D9).. 990 Hopbottom, (K.3). . . 364 Hopcland, (J9) 200 Hopewell, (E9) 590 Hoi>ewell, (KIO) 136 Hopewell Cotton Works, (KIO) 300 ohnsonville, (L6).. . 150 ohnstown, (D8). .55,482 ohnsville, (L9) 200 oliett, (J7) 200 ones Mills, (C9).. . . 110 ones Station, (B8).. 300 .onestown, (J8) 603 Josephine, (C7) 4,850 Julian, (F6).. 200 350 unction, (J 9) 130 uneau, (D6) 100 Juniata, (E7) 5,285 JuniataviUe, (BIO).. 750 Justus, (K4) 200 Kane, (D3) 6,626 Kanesholm, (D3). . . 100 Kancvillc, (B3) 200 Kantner, (D9) 300 Kantz, (H6) 150 Karns City, (U5).. . . 233 Karthaus, (ES) 700 Large, (B8) 300 Larimer, (B8) 1,700 Larke, (E8) 150 Larksville, (K4) 9,288 Larrys Creek, (G5).. 310 Lash, (B9) 250 Latrobc, (C8) 8,777 Lattimer Mines, , (K5) 1,500 Laughlintown, (C9). 150 Laurel Run, (KS). . . 790 Laurelton, (G6) 310 Laurys Station, (K7) 200 l.avellc, (J7) 600 I.awn, (H9) 200 Lawrence, (A8) 160 Luwrencevilie. \G2). 54-v Lawsonham, (C5).. . 150 Lawsville Center, (K2) Lawton, (J2) Layton, (B9) Longlevcl, (JIO) ),(K7)... Kaseville, (H5) 1 50 Leiicock,'(J9').. . . . Kassonbrook, (J4)... 100 Leaman Place, (J9)., Guthriesville, (K9).. 220 Hoppenville, (L8)... ISO Guths Station, (K7). 300 Hopwood (BIO) 800 Guys .Mills, (B3) 300 Horatio, (CC) 1,200 "es, (BIO)'. 400 Gwynedd, (L9) 150 Haafsville, (K7) 100 Haas, (J7) 250 Hackctt, (A9) 500 Haddcnville, (BIO).. 100 Hadley, (A4) 300 Haffey, (B7) 120 Hagersville, (L8) 300 Horsham, (L9) 220 Hortons, (D6) 130 Hosensack, (L8) 100 Host, (J8) 120 Hostetter, (C8) 800 Houserville, (F6) 160 Houston, (.A9) 793 Houtzdale, (E6) 1,434 Howard, (FS) 667 Hoytdale, (,\6) 400 Hoytville, (G3) 700 Hublersburg, (F6).. . 180 Hudson, (KS) 2,000 Huefner, (C4) 100 Huey, (L'5) 250 Huff, (C8) 150 Kelly Station, (B7).. 200 Kelton, (KIO) ISO Kemblesville, (KU). 210 ly, (.\8). ;.... 100 Hahntown,' (ij8)V.".: 630 HoytdaTe,"(,WX !!! ! 400 KeMrr°r(A4)..^.^;!; ISO !P°".(E8) 917 Halifa.x, (H8) 745 Hoytville, (G3) 700 Kcnnerdell, (l;4).. . . 150 . ^ /V„V ?fR H^ ,1a™. H9) 472 Hublersburg, (F6).. . 180 Kennel t Sq, (KIO). 2,049 town, (K9). .. 330 Hallstead, (K2). .. .1,538 Hudson, (KS) 2,000 Kent, (C/). 130 town (08) 100 Hallton,(D4) 500 Huefner, (C4) 100 Keown, (A7) ■"" 200 '"■'-, Ih ^?? Hamburg, (K7).... 2,301 Huey, (C5) 2S0 Kerrmoor, (D6).. i!! 130 "^■^f./f^) 350 Ham|l,(C6) 200 Huff, (C8) ISO Kersey, (D4). ... .i 600 ,(.\3) 236 Hamilton. (C6) 350 Huffs Station, (B8).. 650 Keystone Tr, (DIO). 150 rgetown,(A7)... 269 Hamlm, (T8) 170 Hughestown, (K4)..2,024 Khedive, (AlO) 100 nanii,(F3) 300 Hamlin, (L4) 200 Hughesville, (H5).. 1,650 Kiferlown, (B9)..;" 200 nansville, (K7).. 130 Hammersley Fork, Hughs, (T4) 100 Kimberton, (K9). 200 , (!■"■») 160 Hulraeville (M9).... 468 Kimble, (L4). '" 150 Hammett,(Bl) 400 Humbert, (CIO) 300 Kimmeiton, (D9) 200 Katcllen, (L6) 150 KaulTman, (FIO) 120 Kaylor, (iJ6) 1,000 Kearney, {E9) 200 Keating Summit, (E3) 200 Kccksburg, (C9) ISO Keeneyville, (G2)... 230 Keim, (CIO) 180 Keistcr Works, (BIO) 1,200 Kclayres, (J6) 1,500 Kellam, (L2) 150 Kellers Church, (L8) ISO ,^-.,.. Kellcttville, (C3).... 430 Leetsdale, (A7) 1,904 Kellypoint, (G6).... 120 Lehigh Tannery, 130 100 300 350 , ,.-,-. 100 Lebanon, (J8) 19,240 Leboeuf, (B2) 130 Leckrone, (BIO) 500 Lecontes Mills, (ES). 300 Lederach, (L8) 130 Ledgedalc, (L4) 180 Ledger, (J9) loO Leechburg, (B7) 3,624 Leechs Corners, ( A4) 150 Leeper, (C4) 250 Lcesburg, (AS) 200 Lees CroS5roads,(G9) 420 Leesport, (J8) 600 Leetonia, (F3) 300 (KS). Lehigh ton, (K6).. Lehman, (J4) ' ■■ Pi)... . 150 5,315 . 2U0 . 100 . 160 1,050 ysburg, (GIO).. 4,030 -altar, (K8) 400 .on, (K2) 250 onia, (A7) 130 ronton, (B9) 300 ert, (L5) 130 erton, (J6) 5,401 ertsville, (K8)... 500 :spie, (B9) 1,000 tt, (H2) 200 er, (E6) 100 y,(D6) 300 rd, (Al) 1,155 rd Manor, (J6).. 200 rdville, (J6).. . .4,396 land, (L3) 140 Jen, (.\8) 300 lens, (DIO) 410 ■ (CIO) 130 . .Mills, (B7). . . 300 .■run, (C2) ' 600 wyne, (L9) 1,000 !0w, (A7) 203 :ow, (E7) 200 imere, (B7) 1,200 port, (B8) 5,540 ionton, (F4) 400 3urn, (K3) 319 Campbell,(D6)l,099 Carbon, (J7)... 100 lale, (A7) 500 Ion, (L7) 823 ielJ, (A7) 984 lazel, (D3) 500 lope, (D6) 237 ron, (G5) 100 och, (K9) 160 yon, (J5) 3,500 .Vlills, (LlO)... 350 noore,(K9) 180 Olden, (LlO).. 1,157 Kichey, (D6).. 710 iddle, (L10)...330 Rock, 10) 1,263 oy, (JIO) 110 haw, (B7) 100 ide, (L9) 1,500 mion, (F5) ISO lllc, (Hll).... 130 thite, (D7) 200 fiUard, (A7). .. 400 food, (K3) 100 Mills, (G6)... 350 rd. (Al) 100 boro, (H9) 434 rille, (K9) 200 )n, (T7) 1,185 )nvinc, (J9).. . . 400 ;n, (JIO) 120 ■ nville, (KIO). . 120 lllersville, ) 100 Lsboro, (KS). . . 84 Isboro, (L4).... 250 n, (J6) 500 n City, (H6).. . 300 dale, (KS) 300 ion, (C7) 700 ■ville, (LlO). . . 100 '", (E8) 190 plan, (D6) 666 1 Tunnel, (TS).. 200 1 Valley. (C3).. 290 tehill, (GIO)... 100 ville, (H8) 220 ■iUe, (F7) 200 ■ille Center, )- 170 ville, (B8) 140 flat, (E6) 1,000 rford, (L9) 180 .(H7) 536 town, (B9). ... 200 Hammond, (C2) 100 Hamorton, (KIO)... 250 Hampton, (GIO) 190 Hannastown, (BS).. 500 Hanover, (HIO) 7,057 Hanoverdalc, (H8). . 120 Leidy, (F4, Leinbachs, (J8)_ . Leisenring, (BIO). Leith, (BIO) 850 Leithsville, (L7) 140 Lemasters, (FIO).. . . 160 Leraont, (FO) 120 Lemont Furnace, (BIO) 1,100 Lemoyne, (H9) 1,393 Lenhartsville, (K7).. 153 Lenni Mills, (LlO)... 490 Lenover, (KIO) 100 Leola, (J9) 100 Hummelstown,(H9)2,128 Kinderhook, (H9)."; 130 Leoly'n, (H3')' Hunkers, (B9) ISO King of Prussia,(L9) 100 Hunlock Creek, (JS) 530 Kingsdale, (GU).. .. 110 Hunterstown, (G fo)'. 190 Huntersville, (H4).. 190 Huntingdon, (FS).. 6,861 Hanover Jc, (EIIO).. 200 Huntingdon Valley, Harbour Creek,(BI). 100 Harding, (K4) ISO Harford, (K2) 300 HarLansburg, (.\5)... 250 Harleigh, (K5) 550 Harley.sville, (L8)... 350 Harmarville, (B7).. . 780 Harmonjiburg, (.\3). 100 Harmony, (.^6) 673 HARRISBURG, (H8) 64,186 Harrison City, (B8). 250 Harrison Valley, (F2) 600 Harrisville, (BS) 352 250 (L9) Huntington Mills, , (J5) 350 Huntsdalc, (G9) 300 Hustontown, (F9).. . 140 Hutchins, {Di) 200 Hyde, (D5) 250 Hyde Park, (B7).... 315 Hydetown, (B3) 413 Hyndman, (DIO).. .1,164 Hyner, (F4) 220 Ickesburg, (G8) 410 Idamar, (C7) 800 Idaville, (G9) 1 10 Idlepark, (C8) 200 Hartlcton,'(G6).!!!! 160 Wlewood, (A8).'! !!! 600 Hartley, (HIO) 250 Hartstown, (A3) 135 Hartsville, (L9) 100 Harveys, (AlO) 2S0 Harvevville, (JS).. . . 280 Hastings, (07) 2,125 Hatboro, (L9) 963 Hatchery, (K6) 100 Hatfield, (L8) 705 Hauto (K6) 500 Haverford, (L9) 530 Hawk Run, (E6) 690 Hawlcy, (L4) 2,018 Hawthorn, (CS) 569 Haydentown, (BIO).. ISO Havnic, (B4) 200 Hays, (B8) 1,838 HayiMill, (OIO).... 100 Haysville, (A7) 166 Hazeldell, (A6) 1,168 Hazelhurst, (D3). . . 1,000 Hazletcn, (J6) 25,452 Hazzard, (B9) 300 Imprial, (A8) 800 Independence, (A8). 250 Indiana, (C7) 5,749 Indian Creek, (CIO). 200 Industry, (A7) 300 Ingram, (A8) 2,037 Inkerman, (K4) 500 Instanter, (D3) 400 Intercourse, (J 9) 320 lola, (H5) 110 Irish Ripple, (A6). Irishtown, (GIO).. Ironbridge, (L9) 230 Ironton, (K7) 200 Irvineton, (C2) 240 Irvona, (D6) 800 Irwin, (B8) 2,SS5 Iselin, (C7) 200 Isctt, (E7) 200 Ivanhoe, (.\9) 500 Ivarea, (A2) ISO Ivison, (D7) 150 IvyLand, (L9) 247 Kingsley, (K2) 200 Kingston, (K4) 6,449 Kintncrsville, (L7).. 110 Kinzers, (110) 100 Kinzua, (D2) 900 Kirby, (AIO) 100 Kirks Mills, (Jll)... 180 Kirkwood, (J 10) 200 Kishacoquillas, (F7) 100 Kittanning, (C6)... 4,311 Kittanning Point, (E8) ISO Klecknersville, (L6). 150 KIcinfeltersville, (J8) 190 Knapp, (G3) 250 Knight.s, (C8) 500 Knowlton, (LlO) 100 Knox, (B5) 900 Kno.xD.ale, (CS) 300 Knoxvillc, (B8) 5,651 Kno.iville, (G2) 840 Koppcl, (A6) ISO Kossuth, (B4) Kratzerville, QIC).. Kreamer, (116) Kreidcrsville, (L7). Kresgcville, (K6)... 100 200 160 ISO 200 Kress, (G2) ISO Heckton Mills, (H8) 110 Jackson, {K2) 250 Hecktown, (L6) 200 Jackson Center, Hccla, (K7) 120 (A4) 269 Hc^ins, (:i7) 330 Jacksonville, (C7).. . 87 Hejdelbcrg, (A8)... 1,848 Jacksonville, (K7).. . 250 Hcidlersburg, (GIO). 300 Jacksonville, (B8).. . 500 Heilmandale. (J8).. . ISO Jacobs Creek, (B9).. 250 Hc'lwood, (D7) 1,000 Jacobus, (HIO) 260 Helfcnstem, (J7) 200 Hellam, (H9) 300 Hellcrtown. (L7) 915 Helvetia, (D5) 200 Henderson, (A4) 130 Henrietta, (E9) 100 Hensel, (JIO) 100 Hepburnville, (G4).. 100 Hepler, (H7) 130 Hereford, (K8) 170 Herminie. (B8) 800 Herndon, (H7) 620 Hcrrick Center, (K3) 410 Herrickville, (J2)... . 280 Herrville, (JIO) 200 Hershey (H8) 350 Hetlervillc, (J5).,... 250 Hickernell, (A2) ISO Hickman, ( A8) 500 Hickory, (A8) 210 Hickory Comers, (H7) 100 Hicks Run, (E4) 300 High Spire, (H9)... 1,659 Highville, (JIO) loO Hilliards, (B5) 200 Haisdale, (D6).^.. 400 450 330 500 . 822 . 500 . 200 1,300 ' 077 Tames City, (D3) James Creek, (E8).. Jamestown, (08) Jamestown, (A4).. . . Jamison City, (J4). . Jarrettown, (L9). Jcanesville, (K6). Jeannette. (IS8).. [cddo, (K6) 377 lefferson, (AlO) 357 Icfferson, (HIO) 347 lefferson Cen, (B6). 110 leffersonville, (L9). . 380 fenkintown. (L9).. .2,968 renner.s, . 250 Meadow Lands,(A9) 500 Meadville, (A3). Mechanic Grove, , (JIO) : Mechanicsburg, (H9) 4,469 Mechanicsburg,(C7) 159 Mechanics Valley, (L8) 130 Mechanicsville,(.M8) 200 Media, (LIO) 3,562 Medix Run, (E4).... 400 Mehoopany, (J3).... 600 Melrose Park, (L9). 200 Mench, (ElO) ISO Menges Mills, (HlO) 120 Mercer, (AS) 2,026 Mercersburg, (F10).li410 Meredith, (C6) 100 MerionSta, (L9).... 600 Merionville, (L9) 150 Mertztown, (K8) 700 Meshoppen, (J3) 630 Messmore, (BlO) 200 Mexico, (G 7) 220 Meycrsdale, (D10)..3,741 Middleboro, (A2). . . 207 Middleburg, (G6)... 521 Middlebury (Tenter, Morann, (E«) 1,000 Moravia, (A6) 100 Morca Colliery, (J6) 830 Moredalc, (G9) 150 Morcland, (H5) 210 Morgan. (A8) 3,000 Morgans Hill, (L6).. 100 Morgans, Sla, (B«).. 250 Morgantown, (K9).. 200 Mor^anza, (A8) 1,000 Morris, (G3) 700 Morrisdalc Mines, (E6) 670 Morris Run, (Hi).. 2,300 Morrisville, (M9)... 2,002 Morstein, (K9).. 150 Morton, (LlO) 1,071 Mortonvillc, (KIO).. 130 Morwood, (L8) 100 Moscow, (K4) 650 Moselcm, (K7) 200 Mosgrove, (C6) 200 Moshannon, (E5). . . 140 Mosiertown, (A2). . . 200 Mount Aetna, (J8)... 330 Mounlaindale, (E7)..350 Mountain Eagle. . (E6) !.;.. ISO .12,780 Mountainhome, (L5) 200 Mounlaintop, (KS) 1,200 Mouiitainville, (L7). 600 Mount Alton, (D2).. 300 Mount Bethel, (L6). 400 Mount Braddock, „ (BIO) 1,000 Mount Carbon, (J7). 33S Mount Carmel, , (J6) 17,53Z Mount Holly Springs. , (G9) ....i;2/2 Mount Hope, 09).. . lOO Mount Jackson, , (A5) 600 Mount Jewett,(D3) 1 77* Mount Joy, (H9)... 2,166 Mount Lebanon,(A8) 500 Mount Morris, , (All) 382 Mount Nebo, (JIO).. 120 Mount Oliver,(A8)..4,241 Mount Penn, (K8). 785 Mt. Pleasant, (B9)..5,812 Ml. Pleasant Mills. , (G7) ;. 250 Mount Pocono,(L5) 200 Mountrock, (G9).... 140 150 (G2) 130 Mt. Sterling, (BIO).. 500 Middlecreek, (G6)... 140 Mount Union, (F8) 3,338 Middleport, (J7)...I,I00 Mountville, 09) 803 Middlesex, (G9). 130 Mount Wolf, (H8). 200 Middle Spring, (F9). 160 Mount Zion, (J8).. . 500 Middlelown, (H9)...5 374 Moycr, (B9) 600 Midland, (A7) 1,244 Muddy Creek Forks, Midway, (A8) 941 (JIO) 200 Mifflin, (G7) 1,050 Mummasburg, (GlO) 110 MiOlinburg, ((j6).. .1,559 Millintown. (G7).. 954 Mifflinville, (JS). . . 600 Milan, (H2) 130 Mi!.inville, (L3) 200 Mildred, (J4) '. . 200 Milerun, (H6) 110 Milcsburg, (F6) 531 Milford, (M4) 872 Milford Square, (L8) 200 Milford Sta, (CIO)... 100 Millboume, (I.IO).. . 322 Mill Citv, (K4) 350 Mill Creek, (F8) 308 Millersburg, (H7)... 2,394 Millers Sta, (A2).... 100 Millerstowr, (B6).. . 993 Millcrstown, (G7).. . 549 Millcrsvillc, (JIO)... 2,000 Millerton, (H2) 450 Millgrovc, 06) 700 Millh.ill, (F5) 1,043 Millheim, (F6) 626 Millmont, (G6) 190 Millport, (E2) 150 Millrift, (M4) 150 Mill Run, (CIO) 200 Mills, (F2) 500 Millsboro, (AlO)... .1,000 Millstone, (C4) 300 Millvalc, (BS) 7 851 Mill Village, (B2)... 290 Millville, (HS) 611 Millwav, (J9) 120 Millwood, (C8) 400 Muncy, (HS) 1,904 Muncy Valley, (H4). 300 Munhall, (B8) 5,185 Munsqn Sta, (E6).. . 500 Murrell, (J9) 250 Murrysville, (B8)... 250 Mustard, (B9) 300 Mutual, (B9) 800 Myerstown, 08). . .3,800 Myra, (D8) 400 Nansen, (D3) 300 Nanticoke, (KS).. .18,877 Nantmeal Village, ,,(K9) *:.. 200 ^antyGlo,(D8)... 1,000 Xarberth, (L9) 1 ,790 Nasby, (Bl) lOp Nashville, (HlO) 150 Katalie, (H6) 250 Natrona, (B7) 4,000 Nauvoo, (G3) 200 Nazareth, (L7) 3,978 Nebraska, (C4) 250 Ncffs, (K7) 200 Ncffsville, (J9) 400 Neglcy, (B8) 230 NcLson, (G2) 448 Ncscopeck, (J5) 1,578 Ncshaminy, (L9) lOO Ncshannock, (AS).. . 300 Neshannock Falls (AS) 100 Nesquehoning, (K6)2,500 Netllcton, (D7) 250 Nevilton, (A7) 300 Malvern, (L9)..!.;. 1425 Milrov, (F7).. .'.'.'.'.1,500 J*™ Albany, (j'i)'.'.'. 413 %r .,. /^.^v . — »,;,.-_ /TTr. .. .,- New Alexandria, „(C8) 505 New Baltimore, , (DIO) 177 New Bedford, (AS).. 200 New Berlin, (G5)... 527 New Berlinville.(K8) 300 Newberrytown,(H9) 300 New Bethlehem, (C5) 1,625 New Bloomfield, (G8), Mammoth, (C9).. . . 1,000 ManadaHill, (H8). . ISO Manchester, (H9).. . 547 Manheim, (19) 2,202 Manns Choice, (D9) 341 Manoa, (LIO) 500 Manor, {B8) 1,039 Manorville. (C6).... 545 Manown, (B9j 500 Mansfield, (G2) 1,645 Maplcton, (F8) 752 Mapleton Depot, (F8) 770 Maplctown, (BIO)... 130 Mapelwood, (L4)... 200 Marburg, (HIO) 150 Marchand, (C5) 110 Marcu.shook, (LIO). 1,573 Marguerite, (C9).... 500 Mariann.a, (A9) 1,363 Marienville, (C4).. -1,300 Marietta, (H9) 2,079 Marion, (FIO) 250 Marion Center, (C5) 356 Marion Hgts, 06). . 1,352 Markelsville, (GS)... 250 Markes, (FIO) 180 Markham, (KIO).... 130 Marklesburg, (E8). . 211 Alarkleysburg, (BU) 227 Marple, (LIO) 110 Mars,(A7) 1,215 Marsh, (K9) 230 Marshalls Creek, (L5) 230 Marshallton, (KIO),. 500 Milton, (HS) 7,460 Milton Grove, (J9).. 200 Mina, (E3) 500 Alineral Point, (D8). 250 Miners Mills, (K5)..3,159 Minersville, O')-.. 7,240 Mines, (E8) 200 Minooka, (K4) 3,000 Mitchells Milk, (07) 200 Modena, (KIQ) 130 Mohnton, (KS) 1,536 Mohrsville, (J8) 240 Mollenauer, (A8).... 500 Monaca, (A7) 3,375 Monessen, (B9). . .11,775 Monocacy, (K9) 260 Monongahela, (B9) 7,598 Monroe, (T3) 403 Monroe, (BS). New Boston, (16) .. .... .^f^^ .1,000 . 820 150 500 830 720 10 Monroeton, (T3).. . Mont Alto, (flO).. Montandon, (H6).. Mont Clare, (L9).. Monterey, (K7) 180 Montgomery, (H5). 1,490 Montgomery Ferry, (G7) 130 Montoursville.(G4) 1,904 Montrose, (B7) 200 Montrose, (K2) 1,914 Moon Run, (A3). ..1,200 Moores, (LIO) 1,800 Moorheadville, * (Bl) 300 Moosic, (K4) 3,964 Mooween, (C7) 200 New Bridgeviilt ^ OIO) 200 New Brighton, (-^6) 8,329 New Britain, (L8).. . 120 New Buenavista, (D9) 130 New Buffalo, (H8). . 135 Ncwburg, (D6) 274 Newburg, (F9) 264 Newcastle, (AS).. .36,280 New Centerville, (L9) no New Centerville, (CIO) 101 Newchesler. (GIO).. 250 New Columbia,(HS) 40O New Columbus, 05) 175 Newcomer, (B10)....l,000 New Cumberland, (H9) 1.472 New Danville, (JIO) 120 New Derry, (C8).. . . 3S0 372 (PENNSYLVANIA) INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES FiDmlle,(MS) 100 New Eagle, (B9).... 400 Netreiir(B9) 400 New England, (B8).. 450 New Enterprise,(E9) 210 New Era, 03) 150 New Florence, (C8). 717 Newfoundland, (L4). 900 New Franklin, (FIO). 130 New Freedom,(HU) 725 New Freeport, (AlO) 200 NewGalUee,(A6)... 453 New Geneva, (BIO). 290 New Germantown, (F8) 200 Sew Grenada, (E9). 100 New Hamburg, (A4) 100 New Hanover, (K.8). 510 Newhaven,(B9).... 2,600 New Holland, a9)--l. 106 Newhope,( MS).... 1,083 New Jerusalem, (K8) 250 New Kensington, (B7) 7,707 New Kingstown,CG9) 330 New Lebanon, (A4). 164 NewUn,n6) 200 New London, (K.10). ISO New Mahoning, (lt5) 150 Newmanstown, (18). 7/0 New MayviUe, (C5). 150 NewMUford, (K2).. 654 New MUlport, (D6). 250 NewOxford, (GIO).. 838 New Paris, (D9).... 194 Newpark, (111) 160 New Philadelphia, 07) 2,512 Newport, (G8) 2,009 NewportviUe, (M9).. 300 New Providence, 010) 200 New Ringgold, (K7). 266 Newry, (E8) 380 New Salem, (C5).... 100 New Salem, (BIO)... 500 New Salem, (B8).. . . 424 New Salem, (HIO).. 248 New Sheffield, (A7).. 200 New Stanton, (B9).. 300 NewTexas, (B7).... 100 Newtonburg, (D6). . 150 Newton Hamilton, (F8) 340 Newtown, (M9) 1,675 Newtown, 07) 350 Newtown Mills,(C3) 100 Newtown'*;, (LIO). 150 New Tripoli, (K.7).... 500 NewviUe, (G9) 1,449 New Washington, (D6) 174 New Wilmington, (A5) 758 Nicholson, (K3) 852 Nickel Mines, (J 10). 200 Nick town, (D;) 150 Niles Valley, (G2)... 20P Nineveh, (AlO) 250 Nittany, (F6) 180 Noblestown, (A8)... 1,000 Nordmont, 04) 100 Normal, (K6) 130 Normalville, (CIO).. 140 Norristown, (L9)...27,875 Northampton, (L7).8,729 Northampton Heights, (L7) 1,037 No. Belle Vernon, (B9) 1,522 Northbend, (F4).... 800 No. Berwick, (J5)... 100 No. Braddock, (B8) 11,824 Northbrook, (KIO).. 130 No. Catasauqua, (L7) 2,030 No. Charleroi, (B9).1,00S No. East, (Bl) 2,672 No. Freedom, (C5).. 130 No. Girard, \A1).. . . 750 No. Irwin, (B8) 646 No. Jackson, (K2)... 100 No. Liberty, (A5). . . 150 No. Mehoopany, (J3) 300 No. Mountain, (H4). 200 No. Pinegrove, (C4). 250 No. Rome, (J2) 100 No. Sewickly, (A6).. 300 No. Springfield, (Al) 150 No. Star, (A8) 500 No.Towanda, 02).. 910 Northumberland, (H6) 3,517 Northville, (Bl) 120 No. Wales, (L9).... 1,7 10 No. Warren, (C2). . . 650 No. Washington,(B5) 200 No. Water Gap, (L5) 200 No. York, (HIO). ..1,902 Norwood, (LIO).... 1,668 Norwood Station, (LIO) 1,400 Nottingham, (KU).. 150 Nowrytown, (07)... 500 Noxen,(J4) 800 Nuangola, (K5) 124 Numidia, (J6) 300 Nuremberg, (J6).... 700 Oakbottom, (JIO)... 300 Oakbrook, (K.8) 200 Oakdale, (A8) 1,353 OakHaUSta. (F6).. 210 OakhUl, (JIO) 300 OaUand, (C6) 360 Oakland, (K.2) 915 Oakmont, (B7) 3,436 Oak Ridge, (C5). .. . 900 Oaks, (L9) 120 Oak Station, (A8)... 250 Oakview, (LIO) 400 Oakville, (09) 130 Obelisk, (K81 250 Oberlin. (H9) 550 Obold, (J8) 250 Octoraro, (110) 100 Odenthal, (D8) 300 Ofden,(U0) 110 Ogdensburg, (G3).. . 300 Ogontz,(L9) 300 Ogonlz School, (L9). 300 Ohicpyle. (CIO) 535 OaCity, (B4) 15,657 Olanta, (D6) 300 01d£orge,(K4).... 11,324 Old ZionsviUe, {K8). 150 Oley, (K8) 650 Oliphant Ftlmace, (BIO) 200 Oliver, (BIO) 1,000 Olivers Mills, (K5).. 500 Olyphant, (li4) 8,505 Oneida, 06) 1.200 Onnalinda, (D8). . . . 500 Ono, (H8) 120 Onondaga, (D6).... 500 Onset, (H8) 180 Option, (B8) 250 Orangeville, (J5).... 399 Orbisonia, (F9) 618 Orefield, (K7) 250 Oregon, (J9) SCO OrcHUl, (E8) 150 Oreland, (L9) 200 Orient, (BIO) 1,600 Oriental, (G7) 120 Oriole, (GS) 120 Ormsby, (D2) 300 Orrstown, (F9) 247 Orson, (L2) 530 Orviston, (F5) 500 Orwell, (J2) 120 Orwigsburg, 07)... . 1,801 Orwin, (H7) 300 Osburn, (A7) 425 Osceola, (G2) 591 Osceola Mills, (E6). 2,437 Oshanter, (D6) 400 Osterburg, (D9) 150 Osterhout, (K3) 150 Oswayo, (E2) 382 Otto, (B8) 120 Ottsville, (L8)....;. 300 Oval, (G5) 220 Oxford, (KIO) 2,390 Oxford Valley, (M9) 250 Packerton, (K6) 500 Paint, (D9) 999 Paintersville, (G7).. 100 Palm, (K8) 150 Palmer, (A2) 100 Palmerton,(K6).... 1,000 Palmyra, (H8) 2,000 Palo Alto, (J7) 1,873 Panic, (D5) 200 Pansy, (C5) 150 Paoli, (L9) 240 Paradise, OlO) 410 Paradise Valley, (L5) 130 Pardee, (AS) 400 Pardus, (D5) 250 Paris, (A8) 150 Parker Ford, (K9)... 200 Parkers Landing, (B5) 1,244 Parkcrsville, (KIO).. 100 Parkcsburg, (KIO).. 2,522 Parkland, (M9) 100 P.-irkplace, (J6) 200 Parnassus, (B7) 2,578 Parryville, (K6) 590 Parsons, (K5) 4,338 Parthenia, (C2) 150 Passmore, (K8) 250 Patchinsville, (D6).. 150 Patterson, (G7) 885 Patterson Hgts, (A6) 367 Patton, (D7) 3,907 Paulton, (B7) 500 Paupac, (L4) 160 Paxton, (H7) 100 Paxtonville, (G6)... 210 Peach Bottom, (Jll) 150 Peale, (E5) 800 Peckville, (K4) 4,200 Peely, (KS) 1,000 Pen Argyl,(L6).... 3,967 Penbrook, (H8) 1,462 Pencoyd, (L9) 800 Penfield, (D5) 800 PenUyn, (L9) 130 Penn, (B8) 1,048 Penn Run, (C7) 200 Pennsburg, (L8).. . .1,141 Penns Creek, (G6).. 270 Pennsdale, (H4) 200 Penns Park, (M8).. . 150 Penns Station, (B8) 1,500 Pennsville, (B9) 300 Pennsylvania Furnace, (F7) 300 Pennvalley, (M9). . . 150 Penryn, (J9) 200 Pensyl, (J6) 500 Peoples, (J7) 100 Pequea, (K9) 200 Pequea Creek, (JIO). 200 Percy, (BIO) 500 Perkasie, (L8) 2,779 Perkiomenville, (K8) 230 Perryopolis, (B9).... 600 Perrysville, (A7).... 300 Petersburg, (E7).... 705 Peterscreek, (Jll)... 200 Petroleum Center, (B3) 200 Petrolia, (B5) 360 Pfouts Valley, (G7).. 100 Philadelphia, (LIO) 1,549,008 PhUipsburg, (E6).. .3,585 Philipston, (B5) 500 Phoenix, (C6) 130 Phoenixville, (K9). 10,743 Picture Rocks. (H4). 576 Pikesville, (K8) 150 Piketown, (H8) 130 Pillow, (H7) 450 Pine Bank, (AlO), . . 200 Pine Forge, (K8).. . . 160 Pineglen, (E5) 210 Pinegrove, (J7).. . .1,352 Pinegrove Furnace. (G9) 300 Pinegrove Mill5,(F7) 330 Hne Station, (G5)... 200 Pinkerton,(C10).... 210 Pipersville, (L8) 220 Pilcairn, (B8) 4,975 Pitman, (H7) 210 Pittock, (A8) 1,500 Pittsburg, (B8)....533,905 Pittslield, (C2) 300 Pittston, (K4) 16,267 Pittsville, (B4) 110 Plainlield, (G9) 260 Plaingrove,(A5).... 670 Plains, (K4) 2,000 Plainsville, (K4) 210 Platca, (A2) 220 Pleasant Gap, (F6).. 400 Plca.santGrove,(Jll) 100 Pleasant Hill, (A6). . 100 Pleasant Mount,(L3) 200 Pleasant Run, (K8). 110 Pleasant Unity, (C9) 630 Pleasant Valley,(L7) 100 Pleasant Valley,(B8) 300 Pleasantview, (F8). . 130 Pleasantville, (E9). . 191 Pleasantville, (B3). . 702 Plumer, (B3) 100 Plumsteadville, (L8) 600 Plumville, (C6) 414 Plymouth, (K5)... 16,996 Plymouth Meeting, (L9) 800 Pocahontas, (DU).. 100 Point Marion,(Bll)l,3S9 Point Pleasant, (L8). 300 Polk, (B4) 2,066 Pollock, (B5) 250 Pomeroy, (KIO) 300 Pond Eddy, (.\14)... 200 Pont, (A2) 100 Portage, (D8) 2,954 Portage Creek, (E3). 100 Port Allegany, (E2) 1,972 Port Carbon, 07).. 2,678 Port Clinton, (K7).. 491 Portersville, (A6)... 170 Port Griffith, (K4). . 200 Port Kcnnedy,(L9). 1,000 Portland, (L6) 649 Portland Mills,(D4). 750 Port Matilda, (E6).. 310 Port Perry, (B8).... 1,300 Port Providence, (L9) 300 Port Royal, (G7).. . . 535 Port Royal, (B9).. . . 400 Port Trevorton, (H7) 450 Portvue, (B8) 1,978 Potterbrook, (F2)... 200 Potlerdale, (E5) 120 Potters MMs, (F6). . 320 Potterville, 02) 130 Potts Grove, (H5)... 180 Pottstown, (K9). .15,599 Pottstown Landing, (K9) 200 PottsvUle,(J7).... 20,236 Powell, (H3l 300 Powelton, (E6) 150 Fowls Valley, (H8).. 230 Prescottville, (DS). . 300 Presto, (B8) 250 Priceburg, (K4) 500 Pricedale, (B9) 1,000 Price town, (K8) 410 Primrose, (.■^S) 200 Princeton, (A6) 300 Pringlc, (K4) 300 Proctor, (H4) 350 Progress, (H8) 300 Prompton, (L3) 263 Prospect, (A6) 346 Prospect Park, (LIO) 1,655 Prospectville, (L9). . 160 Prosperity, (A9) 180 Providence Sq, (L9) 100 Pulaski, (A5) 400 PunxsuUwney,(C6)9,058 Puritan, (D8) 450 PutneyvUle, (C6)... 150 Quakake, 06) 500 Quakertown, (L8). .3,801 QuarryvUle, OlO)... 739 Queen, (D8) 120 Queen Junction, (B6) 200 Queenstown, (B5).. . 72 Quincy, (FIO) 500 Raccoon, (A8) 100 Racine, (A6) 200 Radnor, (L9) 3,000 Railroad, (HI 1) 308 Rainsburg, (DIO)... 203 Ralston, (H4) 900 Ramey, (E6) 1,045 Ramsaytown, (C5).. 600 Randolph, (A3) 170 Rankin Sta, (B8).. 6,042 Ranshaw, (H6) 200 Rathmel, (D5) 1,000 Rattigan, (B6) 200 Raubsville, (L7).... 100 Rauchtown, (G5). . . 200 Ravenrun, (J6) 500 Ravine, (J7) 300 RawlinsvUle, (JIO). . 180 Rays Hill, (ElO). ... 100 Reading, (K 8).... 96,071 Rearastown, (19).... 800 Rebersburg, (F6)... . 250 Rebuck, (H7) 400 Redbank, (BS) 100 RedrlySe, (C4) 150 RedhUl, (K8) 664 Redington, (L7) 360 Redland, (GIO) 150 Red Lion, (HIO).... 2,092 Redman Mills. (B8). 500 Red Rock, (D2) 130 Redrun, (J9) 150 Reed.sville, (F7) 310 Refton, (JIO) 100 Register. (J5) 170 Rehrersburg, (J8). . . 510 Reiner Citv,(H7)... 250 Reinholds Sta, (J8). 160 Rei.s5ing, (A8) 350 Relay, (HIO) 130 Remlu, (L9) 100 Rendham, (K4) 500 Renfrew, (B6) 500 Rennerdale, (A8)... . 300 Reno, (B4) 350 Renovo, (F4) 4,621 Republic, (BIO) 1,000 Reynolds, (K7) 110 Reynoldsville, (D5).3,189 Rheems, (H9) 250 Rhodes, (J 6).^ 250 Rhone, (KS) 200 Rices Landing, (AlO) 671 RicevUlc, (B2) 121 Richardsville, (C5).. 150 Richboro, (M9) 230 Richfield, (G71 230 Rich Hill, (L8) 100 Richland, (J8) 722 Richland (Center, (L8) 1,000 Richlandtown, (LB). 562 Richmond, (L6) 100 Ricketts, (J4) 250 Riddlesburg, (E9).. . 230 Ridgway, (D4) 5,408 Ridley Park, (LIO). 1,751 Ricgelsville, (L7).. . . 700 Rimer, (B6) 150 Riraersburg, (CS). . . 855 Ringdale, (J4) 100 Ringgold, (C5) 130 Ringtown, (J6) 723 Rittersville, (L7).. . . 250 Riverside, (H6) 429 River View, (B9).... 400 Rixford, (D2) 500 Roaring Branch,(n3) 450 Roaring Creek, 05). 700 Roaring Spring, (E8) 1,903 RobbinsSta, (B8).. ISO Robertsdale, (E9).. . 600 Robesonia, (J8) 400 Robinson, (C8) 500 Rochester, (A7).... 5,903 Rochester Mills, (D6) 300 Rock, (J7) 130 Rockdale, a.lO).... 1,500 Rockdale Mills, (D5) 150 Rockglen, (J5) 300 Rockhill, (F9) 504 Rockhill Furnace, (F9) 570 Rockland, (B4) 520 Rockledge, (L9) 879 Rockport, (K6) 180 Rockton, (DS) 100 Rockwood, (CIO)... 1,300 Rockygrove, (B4).. . 500 Rodfield, (B8) 250 Rodney, (C9) 200 Roelofs, (M9) 200 Rogersville, (AlO)... 400 Rohrerstown, (19).. . 600 Rohrsburg, (J5) 200 Rolfe, (D3) 300 Rome, (J2) 222 Romola, (F5) 200 Ronco, (BIO) 1,000 Ronks, (J9) 200 Rootville, (B2) 100 Roscoe, (B9) 1,450 Rose Bud, (D6) 1,000 Rosecrans, (G5) 130 Rosedale, (D8) 419 Rosemont, (L9) 1,000 Rose Point, (.\6),. . . 250 Roseto, (L5) 200 Roslyn, (L9) 100 Rossiter, (D5) 3,000 Rosston, (B7) 100 Rothsville, (J9) 450 Rough and Ready, (H7) 130 Roulette, (E2) 1,500 Rouseville, (B4) 648 Rouzerville, (FU)... 300 Rowland, (M4) 300 Roxbury, (D8) 1,000 Royal ton, (H9) 1,033 Royer, (E8) 200 Roycrsford,(L9)... 3,073 Ruffs Dale, (B9).... 650 Rupert, (J6) 500 Rupp, (J5) 250 Rural Valley, (C6). . 753 Rush, 02) 120 Rushland, (M9) 100 Rushtown, (H5) 110 RushvUle, 02) ISO Russell, (C2) 540 Russellton, (B7) 800 Russellvillc, (KIO). . 110 Rutland, (H2) 300 Rutledge, (LIO) 523 Ryde, (F8) 100 Sabbath Rest, (E7).. 380 Sabinsville, (F2).... 600 Sabula,(D5) 1,300 Sacramento, (H7)... 150 SadsburyvUle, (KIO) 300 Saegerstown, (A3)... 712 Saegersville, (K7)... 100 Safe Harbor, (JIO).. 250 Sagamore, (C6) 2,100 Saginaw. (H9) 200 Sagon, (H6) 300 St. Augustine, (D7). 760 St. Benedict, (D7)... 900 St. Bonifacius, (D7). 300 St. Clair, (B8) 5,640 St. Clair, (J7) 6,455 St. Clairsville, (E9).. 101 St. Davids, a9) 200 St. Marvs,(D4).... 6,346 St. Michael, (D3)... 250 St. Nicholas. 05)... 1,200 St. Peters, (K9) 500 St. Petersburg. (B5). 453 St.Thomaii, (FIO)... 500 Salem, (H6) 120 Salemville, (E9) 100 Salfordvillc, (L8).... 170 Salina, (B7) 800 Salisbury, (CIO).... 885 SalU, (D8) 200 Salladasburg, (G4)... 280 Salona, (GS) 400 Salter, (E9) 100 Saltillo, (F9) 410 Saltsburg, (C8) 1,044 Salunga, 09) 300 Sample Run, (C7).. . 300 Sanatoga, (K9) 350 Sand Patch, (DIO).. 150 Sandy Creek, (B7).. 190 Sandy Lake, (A4)... 639 Sandy Ridge, (E5). . 400 Sandy Run, (KS)... 300 Sandy Valley, (D5).. 150 Sankertown, (D8).. . 587 Sarver, (B7) 1,150 Sassamansville, (K8) 160 Sancona, (L7) 350 Sawyer City, (D2).. 200 Saxman, (D7) 300 Saxonburg, (B7).... 345 Saxton, (E9) 1,195 Saybrook, (C3) 100 Saylorsburg, (L6)... 120 SavTe, (H2). 5,426 Scalp Level, (D9)... 1,424 Scarlets Mill, (K9) . 150 Scenery Hill, (A9).. . 400 SchacSerstown, 08).. 700 Schcib, (H7) 200 Schellburg, (D9).... 314 SchenleySta, (B7)...1S0 Schnecksvillc, (K7).. 230 Schoeneck, (J9) 300 Schuylkill Haven, 07) 4,747 SchwenkviUe, (L9).. 381 Sciota, (L5) ISO Scotch hill, (C4).. . . 100 Scotland, (FIO) 230 Scottdale, (B9) 5,456 Scott Haven, (B8)... 800 Scranton,(K4).. .129,807 Seanor, (D9) 600 Searights, (BIO) 100 Seek, (K5) 810 Seelyville, (L3) 650 Seidersville, (L7).. . . 150 Seishohzville, (K8).. 410 Seitzland, (HIO) 210 Selinsgrove, (H5).. .1,473 Sellersville,(L8).... 1,572 Seneca, (B4) 250 Sevenpoints, (H6)... 220 Sevenstars, (GIO)... 120 Seven Valleys, (HIO) 355 Seward, (C8) 548 Sewickley, (A7) 4,479 Shadegap, (F9) 143 Shadygrove, (FIO).. 120 Shaft, 05) 1,500 Shafton, (B8'/ 350 Shamokin, (H6).. . 19,588 Shamokin Dam,(H6) 500 Shamrock Sta, (K7). 130 Shanesville, (K8).... 110 Shanksville, (D9)... 710 Shannondale, (C5). , 130 Sharon, (AS) 15,270 Sharon Hill, (LIO).. 1,401 Sharpsburg,(B7)... 8,153 Sharpsville,(A4)... 3,534 SharltesviUc, (17)... 500 Shavertown, (K4).. . 100 Shawmut, (D4) 500 Shawnee on Delaware, (L5) 150 Sheakleyville, (A4).. 126 Shearers Cross Roads, (B7) 200 Sheffield, (C3) 1,900 Shelocta, (C7) 117 Shenandoah, (J5).. 2 5,7 74 Shenango, (A4') 130 Shepherdstown, (H9) 140 Sheppton, (J6) 1,000 Sheridan, (18) 250 Sheridan, (117) 1,000 Sheridanville, (A8)..3,000 Sherman, (L2) 250 Shermans Dale, (G8) 450 Shermansville, (A3). 150 Sherrett, (B5) 150 Sherwin, (B5) 130 Sheshequin, (J2) 210 Shick5hinny,(JS)... 1,917 Shields, (A7) 225 Shillington,(K8)... 1,427 Shimenille, (K7)... 100 Shinglehouse, (E2)..l,598 Shintown. (F4) 150 Shippensburg, (F9) 3,457 Shippensville, (C4).. 378 Shippingport, (A7)... 150 Shiremanstown, (G9) 545 Shireoaks, (B9) 100 Shirleysburg, (F8).. . 256 Shoemakersville, (J8) 630 Shoencrsville (K7). . 130 Shohola, (M4) 100 Shrewsbury, (HIO).. 598 Shunk, (H3) 300 Sidney, (D5) ISO Siegfried, (L7) 2,800 Sigel, (C4) 150 Sigsbee, (AlO) 100 Silvari, 03) 150 Silverbrook,(J6)... 1,200 SUver Creek, (J7)....l, 700 SUverdale, CL8) 232 Silvcrspring, (J9)... . 200 Simpson, (K3) 2,200 Sinking Spring, (T8). 600 Sinnamahoning, (E4) 700 Sitka, (BIO) 100 Siverlv, (B4) 1,615 Si-xmileRun, (E9)... 350 Skinners Eddy, (J3). 200 Skippack, (L9) 350 Slatedale, (K7) 700 Slateford, (L5) 100 Slate Lick, (B5) 200 Slaterun, (G4) 350 Slatington, (K6) 4,454 Sligo, (B5) 754 Slippervrock, (A5).. 870 Smethport,(E2).... 1,817 Smicksburg, (C6). . . 230 Smilhdale, (B9) 480 Smitblield, (BIO).... 749 Smithmill, (E7) 250 Smiths Ferry, (A7).. 500 Smithton, (B9) 784 Smock, (BIO) 1,000 Smokerun, (E6) 380 Smyrna, OlO) 130 Snedekerville, (H2). 100 Snowshoe, (ES) 643 Snydersburg, (C4)... 130 Snydertown, (H6)... 288 Soldier, (DS) 800 Somerfield, (CU)... 180 Somerset, (C9) 2,512 Somerslane, (G2).... 150 Sonestown, (H4).... 300 Sonman, (D8) 500 Soudcrsburg, (J9). . . 220 Soudcrton, (L8).. . .1,875 So. Allentown, (L7).l,814 Southampton, (L9).. 300 So. Bethlehem, (C6). 439 So. Bethlehem, (L7) 19,973 So. Brownsville, (BIO) 3,943 So. Burgettstown, (A8) 880 So. Canaan, (L3).. . . 100 So. Canonsburg, (.\9) 1,697 So. Connellsville, (B9) 200 Southdale, (JS) 130 So. Fork, (D8) 4,592 So. Gibson, (K3).... 180 So.Greensburg,(B8) 1,748 So. Hatfield, (L8). . . 150 So. Heights, (A7)... 365 So. Langhome, (M9) 500 So. Montrose, (K2). 100 So. New Castle, (A5) 551 So. Philipsburg. (E6) 434 So. Renovo, (F4)... 80S So. Sterling, (L4).... 350 So. Waverly,(H2).. 1,084 Southwest, (B9).... 1,500 Southwest Greensburg, (B9) 2,127 So. Williamsport, (HS) 3,734 Spanglcr, (D7) 2,700 Spartansburg, (B2).. 460 Specrs, (B9) 383 Spinnerstown, (L8).. 150 Sporting Hill, (J9)... 160 Spraggs, (AlO) 100 Sprankle Mills, (C5). 100 Springboro, (A2) 614 Spring City, (K9)... 2,880 Springcreek, (B2)... 300 Springdale, (B7).. .. 1,999 Springet, (H9) 400 Spring Forge, (HI 0)1, 500 Spring Garden, {AS)1, 100 Spring Grove,(H10)l,152 Springhope, (D9)... 110 Spring House, (L9)... ISO Spring Mills, (F6).. . 300 Springmount, (L8). . 250 Springs, (Cll) 150 Springtown, (L7).... 300 Springville, ■:K3).... 200 Spruce Creek, (E7).. 220 Sprucegrove, OlO).. 130 Stahlstown, (C9).. . . 150 Standing Stone, 02) 200 Stanton, (CS) 200 Starford, (D7) 400 Starjunction, (B9)..3,000 Starners, (G9) 200 Starrucca, (K2) 381 State College, (F6)..l,425 Stateline, (FU) 240 Stauffer, (C9) 500 Steamburg, (A3).... 200 Steckman, (ElO).... 200 Steel ton, (H9) 14,246 Steinsville, (K7).... 130 Stembersville, (K5).. ISO Sterling, (L4) 400 Sterling Run, (E4). . 410 Sterrettania, (Al)... 100 StcrrettsGap, (G8).. 130 Stellersville, (K7)... 100 Stevens, (J9) 390 Stevensville, (J2)... 300 Stewartstown, (Hll) 674 Sticknev, (D2) 200 Stiles, (K7) 300 Stillwater, (JS) 179 Stockdale, (B9) 761 Stockertown, (L7).. . 426 Stockton, (K6) 200 Stokesdale, (G2).... 130 Stoneboro,(A4).... 1,074 Stone Church, (L6).. 120 Stoneham, (C2) 200 Stonehenge, (FIO).... 100 Stonerstown, (E9).... 250 Stony Creek Mills (K8) 150 Stonyfork,(G3) 150 Stony Run, (K7).... 130 Stoops Ferry, (A7). . 100 Stormstown, (E5)... 300 Stouchsburg, 08)... 400 Stouts, (L7) 100 Stoyestown, (D9). . . 355 Strafford, (L9) 200 Straight, (D3) 300 Strangford,(C8).... 300 Strasburg, OlO).... 885 Strattonville, (CS).. 375 Strausstown, (J8). . . 400 StrickersviUe, (KU). 130 Strinestown, (H9).. . 100 Strong, (J6) 700 Strongstown, (D7). . 100 Stroudsburg, (L6). .4,379 StuU, (J4) 100 Sturgeon, (AS) 1,200 Suedberg, 07V.-.- 510 Sugargrove, ((S),. . . 459 Sugarhill, (D5) 100 Sugarloaf, (16) 200 Sugar Notch, (K5)..2,439 Sugarrun, 03) 200 Sugartown, (KIO).. . 160 Summerhill, (D8). . . 853 Summerville, (C5)... 609 Summit, (DS) 210 SummithiII,(K6)... 4,209 SummitMills, (CIO). 200 Summit Sta, (J7)... 130 Sumncytown, (L8).. 280 Sunbury,(H5).... 13,770 Sunderlinville, (F2).. 100 Sunny Side, (B9)... . 200 Sunset, (A9) 130 Superior, (C8) 500 Surgeons Hall, (A8). 100 Susquehanna, (K2). 3,478 Sutersville, (B9) 917 Swanville, (.iVl) 100 Swarthmore, (LIO). 1,899 Swartzville, (T9) 130 Swedeland, (L9) 550 Sweden Valley, (F3). 100 Sweet Valley, (J4).. . 200 Swissvalc, (iiS) 7,381 Swoycrs, (K4) 2,850 Swoyersville, (K4).. 5,395 Sybcrtsville, (JS).. . . 100 Sygan, (A8) 1,500 Sykesville,(DS).... 1,756 Sylvan, (FU) 200 Sylvania, (H2) 217 Tafton, (L4) 130 Talmage, (J9) 190 Tamaqua, (K5) 9,462 Tanners Falls, (L3).. 210 Tanncrsvijle, (L5).. . 400 Tarentum, (B7) 7,414 Tarrs, (B9) SCO .Tatamy, (L7) 512 Taylor, (K4) 9,050 Tayloria, (JIO) ISO Taylorstown, (A9).. 400 Taylorsville, (M8)... 100 Taylorsville, fD7).. . 100 Telford, (L8) 207 Temple, (K8) 400 Templeton, (C5) 600 Tenmile, (A9) 150 Tenmile Bottom, (B4) .300 Terrace, (B8) .500 Terrehill, (19) 882 Thomasville, (HIO).. 400 Thompson, (K2) 322 Thompsontown,(G7) 293 Thornburg, (AS) 230 Thomdale, (KIO). . . 150 Thornhill, (A7) 400 Thornton, (KIO).... 100 Three Springs, (F9). 248 Threetuns, (L9)... . 150 Throop, (K4) 5,133 Thurston, (K4) 100 Tidioute, (C3) 1,324 Tildcn, (HIO) 100 Timblin, (C5) 150 Tioga, (G2) 533 Tiona, (C3) 300 Tionesta, (C4) 803 Tipton, (E7) 400 Titusville, (B3) 8,533 Tivoli, (H4) 130 Tobyhanna, (LS).... 600 Topton, (K7) 809 Toughkenamon, (KIO) 250 Towanda, (J2) 4,281 Tower City, (H7)....2,325 Fownhill, (J5) 150 Townline, (J5) 100 Townville, (B3) 317 Trafford, (BS) 1,959 Trainer, (LIO) 200 Transfer, (A4) 400 Trappe, (K9) 393 Trauger, (C9) 1,200 Tredvffrin, (K9). ... 400 Treic'hlers, (K7) 250 Tremont, 07) 2,067 Tresckow, (K6) 500 Trestle, (B8) 200 Treveskyn, A8)....2,500 Trevorton, (H6)... 2,000 Trevose, (M9) 150 Trexler, (K7) 150 Trexlcrtown,(K7)... 480 Troughcreek, (E9).. 380 Troutrun, (G4) 290 Troutville, (DS).... 250 Troxelville, (G6).... 100 Troy, (H2) 1,288 TrucksvUle, (K4)... 200 Truemans, (C3) 200 Tnimbauersville, (L8) 611 Tryonvffle, (B3).... 200 Tuckerton, (K8). . . . 150 Tullytown, (M9).. . . 622 Tulpehocken, (JS).... 290 Tunkhannock, (K3)1,S98 Tunnelhill, (D8). . . . 651 Tunnelton, (CS).... 200 Turbotville, (HS)... 365 Turkey City, (BS).. 150 Turtle Creek, (BS). 4,995 Turtlepoint, (E2)... 100 Tuscarora, (J5) 700 TwUight, (B9) 458 Tyler, (D5) 1,500 Tvlcr HUl, (L3) 130 Tylcrsburg, (C4).... 250 Tvlersport, (L8). . . . 350 TylersvUle, (G6).... 150 Tyrone, (E7) 7,176 Uiilcrstown, (L7)... . 100 Ulcdi,(B10) 1,500 Ulster, (H2) 300 Ulysses, (F2) 900 Unami3,(Cll) 250 Undercliff, (AS) 150 Union City, (B2).... 3,584 Uniondale, (K3). ... 355 Union Deposit, (HS) 480 Union Furnace, (E7) 200 Union GroTO,(J9)... 20* Uniontown, (117).... 291 Uniontown, (BIO) 13,344 Unionville, (A7) 150 Unionvillc, (F6) 343 Unionville, (KIO). . . 500 United, (B9) 500 Unity Station, (B7). 500 Universal, (B8) 800 Upland, (LIO) 2,221 Upper Black Eddy, lL8) 250 Upper Darby, (LIO). 500 Upper Lehigh, (KS). 650 Upper Middletown, (BlO) 130 Upper Providence, (LIO) 250 Upper Strasburg,(F9) 250 Upton, (FIO) 180 Urban, (H7) 130 Urey, (D5) 200 Ursina, (CIO) 338 Utahville, (E7) 300 Utica, (B4) 265 Uwchland, (K9) 200 Valencia, (B7) 240 Valier, (C5) 600 Valley Forge, (L9).. 300 Valley View, (H7).. . 500 Vallonia, (A3) 670 Vanderbilt, (B9).. ..1,198 Vandergrift, (B7)... 3,876 Vandergrif t Heights, (B7) 3,438 Vandling, (K3) 985 Van Meter, (B9).... 400 VanOrmcr, (D7).... 500 Vanport, (A7) 300 Vanwert, (G7) 450 Varden,(L4) 170 Venango, (A2) 251 Venetia, (AS) 500 Venice, (A8) 180 Veracruz, (L7) 130 Verona, (B7) 2,849 Versailles, (B8) 1,487 Viaduct, (DS) 100 Vicksburg, (G5) 130 Village Green, (LIO). 240 ViUanova, (L9) 200 Vintage, (JIO) 300 Vintondalc,(U8).... 1,410 Virginville, (K7). ... 100 Volant, (AS) 185 Vose, (K3) 150 Wagner, (G7) 170 Wakefield, (JU).... 220 Walkers Mills, (AS). 500 Wall, (BS) 1,962 Wallace, (K9) 100 Wallaceton, (E5).. . . 324 Wallingford, (LIO). . 100 Wallisrun, (G4) 150 Walnut, (G7) 150 Walnut Bottom,(G9) 250 Walnutport,(K7).. 1,039 Walsall, (DS) 150 Walston, (C6).' 2,000 Walters, (L7) 100 Waltcrsburg, (BIO).. 500 W^altcrs Park, (J8). . 200 Wampum, (A6) 980 W'anamakers, (K7).. 130 Wanaraie, 05) 1,500 Wapwallopen, 05).. 300 Ward, (LIO) 120 Warfordsburg, (Ell) 100 Warren, (C2) 11,080 Warren Center, (J2). 150 Warrendale, (A7).. . 1,000 Warrensville, (G4). . 700 Warrior Run, (K5). 1,251 Warriors Mark, (E7) 300 Warsaw, (D5) 100 Warwick, (K9) 250 Washington, (JIO).. 560 Washington, (A9). 18,778 Washingtonboro, (JIO) 73» Washingtonville, (HS) 183 Waterford, (A2).... 724 Waterside, (E9) 20O Waterstreet, (E7)... 100 WatervUle, (G4). . . . 150 Watsontown, (HS)..1,950 Wattersonville, (B6) 150 Wattsburg, (B2).... 283 Waverly, (K3) 515 Waymart. (U) 412 Wayne, (L9) 3,000 Waynesboro, (FU) 7,199 Waynesburg, (AlO) 3,545 Weatherly, (K6)....2,S01 Weaversville, (L7).. 190 Webster, (B9) 1,000 Webster Mills, (EIO) 100 Weedville, (D4) 300 Wehrum, (C8) 600 Weikert, (G6) 100 Weisel, (U) 180 Weisenburg, (K7)... 100 Wcissport, (K5) 638 Weldbank, (C2) 200 Weldon, (L9) 300 Wellersburg, (DID 193 Wells, (H2) 100 Wellsboro, (G3)....3,183 Wellscreek, (D9).... 300 Wellsville, (H9) 308 Wendel, (BS) 1,000 Wemersville, 08)- " 370 Wertz,(E8) 200 Wertzville, (G8).... 100 Wescosvill;, (K7)... ISO Weskit, (B6) 500 Wesley,(B5) 130 Wesleyville, (Al).... 630 W. Alexander, (A9) 426 W. Auburn, (J3). .. . 150 W.Bangor, (J 11)... 300 W.Berwick, 05). -S.SIJ W. Bethlehem, (L7)4,409 INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES / PENNSYLVANIA— RHODE ISLAND \ UOUTH CAROLINA— SOUTH DAKOTA/ 373 W. BridgewatCT, (A7) 1,500 W. Brownsville, (LS) .^.nafiii Wyoming, (K6) 200 i>rry, (CI) ISO The Farms, (GIO).. 150 Tillman, (A9) 100 Timmonsville, (H5) 1,708 Tindal, (06) 100 Tirzah, (El) 128 Townville, (B3). . . 255 Travellers Rest, (B2) 60 Trenton. (D6) 257 Trio, (H8) 198 Troy, (D6) 233 Tucapau, (C2)... , 800 Ulmers, (E9) 190 Union, (D3) 5,623 Vance, (08) 97 Vamville, (ElO).. . .542 Vauclusc, (D7) 850 Verdery, (C5) 230 Vox, (H6) 100 Wagener, (E7)... . 352 Walhalla, (A2).. . .1,595 Watterboro, (FIO) 1,577 Walton, (E4) 100 Wando, (HIO) 250 Ward, (D6) 183 Ware Shoals, (C4) 500 Warrenville. (D7).. 320 Wateree, (F5) 100 Waterloo. (C4) 191 Wedgefield, (F6) ... 310 Wellford, (C2)..,. 370 Wells, (08) 100 Westminster, (A3) 1,576 West Union. (A3). 328 Westville. (F4). .. 107 Whitehall, (FIO)... 300 White Pond, (E8). 250 White Rock, (E5), 85 White Stone. (D2) 100 Whitmire, (D3)...l.045 Wilkins, (B9) 100 Wilksburg, (E3). . . 300 Williams, (F9).... 100 Williamston, (B3) 1,957 Willington, (C6).. . 365 Williston, (E8) 624 Wilson, (07) 100 Windsor, (D8).... 200 Winnsboro, (E4) 1,754 Winona, (HS) 100 Woodford, (E7).. . 190 Woodruff, (D2). .1,880 Woodward, (E3)... 400 Yemassee. (AS)... 250 Yonges Island. (C8) 200 Yorkville. (E2) 2,326 Zion, U5) 19S SOUTH DAKOTA 1915 STATE CENSUS FIGURES Aberdeen, (F2)... 11,846 Akaska, (D2) 76 Albee,(H2) 140 Alcester, (H4) 477 Alexandria, (G4).-. 936 Alpena, (F3) 394 Altamont, (H3) 103 Andover, (02) 349 Ardmore, (A4) 140 Arlington, (03) 884 Armour, (F4) 953 Artas,(E2) 159 Artesian, (04) 586 Ashton, (F3) 326 Athol,(F2) 150 Aurora, (H3) 277 Avon,(G4) 525 Baltic, (H4) 306 Bancroft, (03) 139 Belleiouicbe, (A3).. 1,101 Belvidere, (C4) 232 Bemis, (H3) 100 Beresford, (H4)... 1,350 Bigstone City, (H2) 652 Bijou Hills, (E4)... 200 Bison, (B2) 200 Bbick Hawk, (A3). 100 Blunt, (D3) 277 Bonesteel, (E4) 532 Bowdle, (E2) 538 Bradley, (02) 533 Brandt, (H3) 224 Brentford. (F2)... 100 Bridgewater, (G4). 971 Bristol, (G2) 457 Brittoh, (G2) 907 Broadland, (F3)... 114 Brookings, (H3)... 3,416 Bruce, (H3) 328 Bryant, (G3) 687 Buffalo, (A2) 150 Buffalogap, (A4)... 137 Burke,(E4) 421 Bushnell, (H3) 146 Butler, (02) 149 Camp Crook, (A2). 133 Canastota, (G4)... 511 Canova,(04) 318 Canton, (H4) 2,316 Carlyle, (E2) 100 Carter, (D4j 103 Carthage, ((J3) 555 Castlewood, (G3).. 537 Cavour, (03) 192 Centerville, (H4).. 1,109 Central City, (A3). 262 Chamberlain, (E4). 1,055 Chancellor, (H4)... 228 Chelsea, (F2) 86 Chester, (G4) 160 Cheyenne Agency, (D2) 100 Claremont, (F2).-. 279 Clark, (G3) 1,200 Clearlake, (H3) 804 Colman, (H4) 399 Colome, (E4) 415 Colton,(H4) 522 Columbia, (F2) 250 Conde, (F2) 483 Corona, (H2) 211 Corsica, (F4) 300 Cottonwood, (C4).. 120 Crandall, (02) 200 Cresbard, (E2) 238 Crocker, (G2) 86 Custer, (A4) 416 Dallas,(E4) 751 Dante, (F4)...:., 113 DavU, (G4) 244 Deadwood, (A3)... 3,113 DeU Rapids, (H4).. 1,538 Delmont, (F4) 494 Dempster, (03)... 100 DeSmet, (03) 1,014 Dixon, (E4) ISO Doland, (F3) SIS Dolton, (G4) 133 Draper, (D4) 120 East Sioux Falls, (H4) 268 Edgemont, (A4)... 743 Eafngton, (H2).... 46 Egan, (H4) 605 Elk point, (HS) 1,546 Elkton, (H3)_ 768 Emery, (04) 545 Englewood, (A3).. 78 Erwio, (G3) 232 Estelline, (H3) TS75 Ethan, (F4) 308 Eureka, (E2) 968 Fairfax, (F4) 391 Fairview. (H4) 151 Faith, (B3)- - 232 Farmer, (04) 550 Faulkton, (E2) 458 Fedora, (G3) 250 Femey,(F2) 220 Flandreau,(H3)... 1,688 Florence, (G2) 216 Forest City, (D2).. 100 Fort Pierre, (D3)... 673 Frankfort, (F3)... 428 Frederick, (F2) 402 Freeman, (G4) 725 Fulton, (G4) 234 Galena, (A3) 59 GannvaUey, (F3).. 250 Garden City, (03). 254 Garretson, (H4)... 819 Gary, (H3) 591 Gayville, (GS) 320 Geddes, (F4) 664 Gettysburg, (E2).. 751 Glenham,(D2) 139 Goodwin, (H3) 126 Greenway, (E2) . . . 150 Greenwood, (F5).. 300 Gregory, (E4) 919 Grenville, (G2) lOO Groton, (F2) 1,028 Harrisburg, (H4).. 185 Harrison, (F4) 120 Harrold, (E3) 173 Hartford. (G4) 703 Hayti, (G3) 256 Hazel, (03) 249 Hecla,(F2) 474 Henry, (G3) 435 Hermosa, (A4) 77 Herreid, (D2) 391 Herrick, (E4) 44S Hetland, (03) 245 Highmore, (E3)... 700 Hill City, (A4) 271 Hitchcock, (F3)... 261 Holmquist, (G2).. 250 Hosmer, (E2) 3»1 Hot Springs, (A4).. 2,132 Hoven,(E2) 180 Howard, (03) 1,169 Hudson, (H4) 435 Humboldt, (G4)... 450 Hurley, (04) 531 Huron, (F3) 6,012 lona, (E4) 100 Ipswich, (E2) 702 Irene, (G4) 394 374 (SOUTH DAKOTA-TENNESSBE-TEXAS) INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES Iroquois, (G3) Isabel, (C2) Java, (E2) Jefferson, (H6) Kadoda, (C4) Kennebec, (E4) . . . Keystone, (A4) Kimball, (F4) Kranzburg, {H3) .. Lake Andes, (F4)... Lake Norden, (03) Lake Preston, (G3). Lamro, (E4) Lane,(F3)... Langtord, (G2) Lead, (A3). i Lebanon, fE2) Lebeau, (D2) Lemmon, (B2) Lennox, (H4) Leola,(F2) 530 Lesterville, (G4)... 301 162 Letcher, (F4) 411 410 Lily, (G2) 149 501 Little Eagle, (D2).. 100 254 Lowry, (E2) 90 202 Mcintosh, (C2)... 428 320 McLaughlin, D2)._ 125 787 Madison, (G4)-.. 3,949 100 Jlanchester, (G3).. 140 566 Mansfield, (F2) 250 268 Marion, (G4) 614 862 Marvin, (H2) 300 350 Meadow, (B2) 100 278 Meckling, (GS) 190 426 Mellette, (F2) 453 ,128 Menno. (G4) 760 420 Midland, (C3) 207 210 MilUmk, (H2) 1,940 943 Miller, (E3) 956 901 Missionhill. (GS).. 166 501 MitcheU, (F4) 7,785 Mobridge, (D2) 1,551 Monroe, (G4) 170 Montrose, (G4) 552 Morristown, (C2).. 127 Mound City, (E2) . 288 Mount Vernon, (F4) 54 1 Murdo, (D3) 352 Naples, (G3) 130 Newark, (G2) 192 Newell, {A3) 272 New Underwood, (B3). 119 Nisland, (A3) 128 Northville, (F2)... 282 Nunda, (G3) 250 O.icoma, (E4) 163 Oelrichs, (A4) . . .. 100 Oldham, (G3) 362 Olivet, (G4) 163 Onaka, (E2) 120 Onida, (D3) 251 Orient, (E3) 180 Ortley, (G2) 162 Parker, (G4) 1,324 Parkston. (G4) 1,132 Pecver, (H2) 301 Philip, (C3) 404 Piedmont, (A3)... 100 Pierpont, (G2) 320 PIERRE, (D3).... 3,010 Plankinton, (F4)... 916 Platte, (F4( 939 Pollock, (D2) 238 Presho, (D4) 355 Pukwana, (E4) 182 Quinn,(B3) 250 Ramona,(G3) 324 Rapid City, (A3)... 4,268 Raymond, (G3) 241 Redfielrl. (F3) 3,122 Ree Heights, (E3).. 250 Reliance, (E4) 350 Revillo, (H2) 293 Rockham, (F3) 283 Roscoe, (E2)_ 320 Rosebud, (D4) 110 Roswell, (G3) 150 Roubaix, (A3) 100 Rowena, (H4) 100 Rutland, (H3) 225 Saint Lawrence, (F3) 253 Saint Onge, (A3)... 250 Silem, (G4) 1,132 Scenic, (B4) 130 Scotland, (G4) 1,249 Selby, (D2) 646 Seneca, (E2) 182 Sherman, (H4) 211 Sinai. (H3) 145 Sioux Falls. {H4).. 20,929 Siiseton, (G2) 1,386 Southshore, (G21.. 331 So.SiouxFalls, (H4) 171 Spear6sh, (A3) 921 Spencer, (G4) 572 Springfield, (F5)... 695 Stickney, (F4) 312 Stockholm, (H2)... 200 Strandburg, (H2) . . 117 Stratford, (F2) 400 Sturgis, (A3) 1,029 Summit, (H2) 536 Tabor, (G5) 441 Tea, (H4) 177 Tcrraville, (.\3)... 491 Terry, (.\3) 600 Timber Lake, (C2). 238 Tol3toy,(E2) 148 Toronto, (H3) 438 Trent, (H4)._ 274 Tripp, fG4) 903 Tulare, (F3) 250 Turton, (F2) 263 Twinbrooks, (H2). 177 Tyndall,(G4) 1,302 Utica, (05) 133 Valley Springs, (H4) 372 Veblen, (G2) 340 Verdon, (F2) 89 Vermilion, (H5) 2,376 Viborg, (G4) 484 Vienna, (G3) 458 Vilas, (G3) Ml Virgil, (F3) 220 Volga, (H3) 616 Volin, (G5) 33i Wagner, (F4) 906 Wakonda, (G4) 403 W.aU,(B4) 128 Wallace, (G2) 218 Ward,(H3) 102 Warner, (F2) 250 Wasta, (B3) 250 Watertown, (G3).. 8,313 Waubay, (G2) 879 Webster, (G2) 1,640 Wentworth, (H4).. 350 We,ssington, (F3) . . 526 Wessington Sprmgs, (F3) 1,142 Wetonka, (F2) 300 White, (H3) 581 White Lake, (F4) . . 504 Whiterock, (H2)... 384 Whitcwood, (A3).. 295 Willow Lake, (G3). 398 Wilmot, (H2) 520 Winfred, (G4) 301 Winner, (E4). 923 Witten,(E4) 400 Wolsey, (F3) 439 Woonsocket. (F3).. 1,201 Worthing, (H4)... 191 Vale, (G3) 250 Yankton, (G5) 4,771 TENNESSEE Adams, (G5) 542 Bullsgap, (P6) AdamsviUe, (E8).. 700 Bumpus MiUs, (FS) Aetna, (G7) 150 Bunker Hill, (H8). 120 Afton,(06) 120 Buntyn, (B8) 500 Agee, (N6) 100 Burns, (G6) 250 Alamo, (C7) 340 Burwood, (H7) 150 Alanthus, (P5). Alexandria, (K6).. Algood, (L6) AlTardt. (M6) AUens Creek, (F8) 200 500 100 140 Allisona, (H7) 100 Almy, (M6) 240 Altamont, (K8).-. 140 Alto, (K8) 150 Altonpark, (L8) . . . 400 Anderson, (K8)... 300 Anthras, (N5) 150 Apiso.n, (L8) 120 Arcadia, (R5) 200 Arlington, (B8) 477 Arthur, (OS) 200 Asbury, (07) 100 Ashland City, (G6) 641 Ashport, (B7) 600 Aspen Hill, (G8)... 200 Athens, (M8) 2,264 Atoka, (B8) 250 Atpontley, (L7)... 400 Atwood, (D7) 200 Auburn, (J7) 140 Anion, {B8) 140 Avondale, (L8) 1,000 Await, (J8) 180 Baileyton, (Q6)... 250 BakerviUe, (F7)... 170 Ballcamp, (N7) 200 Barley, (A8) 150 Bamville, (G8) 150 Barr, (B7) 200 Bartlett, (B8) 263 Baxter, (K6) 200 Beans Creek, US).. 150 Beardstown, (F7).. Bear Spring, (F6)_- Beechgrove. (J7)._ Beersheba Springs, (K8) Belfast, (H8). 110 Bellbuckle, 07).-. 465 Belleview, (H6).-. 180 BeUs, (C7)- 753 BelUburg,(G6).... 210 BeUtown, (N8) ISO BeUviUe, (H8) 100 Bemis, (D7)- 650 Bennett, (N6) 100 Benton, (M8) 200 Bessie, (B6) 150 Bethel, (G8) 170 Bethel Springs,(D8) 200 Bethpage, (16) 170 Big Rock, (FS) 130 Big Sandy, (E6)... 380 Binghamton, (B8). 1,673 Birchwood, (M8).. 100 Blanche, (HS) 250 Block, (N6) 100 Bloomingdale, (QS) 100 Bloomington Springs, (K6)... 166 BlountviUe, (R5).. 230 Blue Gem, (M6)... 100 BlufiCity, (R6)... 540 BoUvar, (C8) 1,070 BonAir,(L7) 517 Boyds Creek, (07). 100 Braden, (C8) 150 Bradford, (D6) 500 Bransford, 06) 120 Brazil, (D7) 16» Briceville, (N6)... 1,400 Brighton, (B8) 220 Bristol, (R5) 7,148 Brownsville, (C7).. 2,882 Brunswick, (B8)... 250 Brushy Mountain, {M6).-_ Buckeye, (N6) Buena Vista, (E7). Buffalo Valley, (K6) 100 100 230 100 Butler, (S6) ... 499 800 Byrdstown, (L5).. 100 180 Cades, (D7) 161 330 Cainsvillc, 07) 200 490 Calhoun, (M8) 220 Camden, (E6) 692 Campbells, (G8)... 100 CampbelIsville,(G8) 150 Caneybr.anch, (Q6) 150 Capleville, (B8)... 150 Cardiff, (M7) 120 Carlisle, (F6) ISO Carlock, (MS) 100 Carters Creek, (H7) ISO Carthage, (K6) 904 Caryville, (N6) 250 Castalian Springs, 06) 150 Catlettsburg, (07). 100 Cedar Hill, (IIS)..- 500 Celina, (K.5) 380 Centcrville, (F7)-. 1,097 ChapeUIill, (H7).. 170 Charieston, (M8).- 400 Charlotte, (G6).-. 236 Ch,Tska, (NS) 100 Chattanooga, (L8) 44,604 Cherry, (B7) 100 Cherry Valley, (J6) 100 Chesterfield, (E7).. Chestnut Hill, (P7) Chestnut Mound, (K6).. Chic, (B7) -- 100 Christiana, (J7)-.. 150 Clairfield, (OS) 200 Clarksburg, (E7).- 230 Clarksville, (G5).. 8,548 Claybrook, (D7)..- ISO Clear Water, (M7). 300 Cleveland, (M8)... 5,549 Chiton, (FS) 711 Clifty, (L7) 596 Clinton, (N6) 1,090 Coal Creek, (N6)-. 1,102 Coal Field, (M6).. 300 Coa'.mont, (KS).-. 250 Cog Hill, (MS) 100 Colesville, (S6) 100 College Grove, (H7) 130 CoUierville, (B8),.. 802 Columbia, (H7) ...5,754 Como, (D6) 160 Conasauga, (MS).. 100 Concord, (N7) 500 Cookeville,(L6)... 1,848 Copperhill, (NS)... 1,500 Comersville, (IIS). 290 Cottagegrove, (E6) 215 Countyline, 08).-- ISO Covington, (B7) — -2,990 Cowan, (K8) 630 Crab Orchard, (M7) 300 Craincsville, (D8). 100 Crandull, (SS) 150 Crossbridges, (G7). 110 Cro»s Plains, (HS). 110 Crossville, (M7)... 763 Culleoka, (GS) 340 Cumberland City, (F6) 600 Cumberland Fur- nace, (G6) 300 Cumberland Gap, (05) 347 Curryhee, (07) 100 Curve, (C7) 100 Daisy, (L8) 370 Dancyville, (C8).. 100 Dandridge, (P6)... 447 Dante, (06) 150 Danville, (F6) HO Darden, (E7) 200 Darks MiU, (H7).. 100 858 100 120 120 DaysviUe, (M7)... 100 Dayton, (L8) 1,991 Decatur, (M7) 165 Decaturville, (E7). 300 Dccherd, (J8) 1,022 Deer Lodge, (M6). 150 Dellrose, (HS) 150 Del Rio, (P7) 100 Denmark, (07).-- 300 Deposit, (N6) 100 Detroit, (B7) 100 Dickson, (G6) 1,850 DiiScult, (K6) 280 Dixon Spring, 06). 250 Dock, (P6) 100 Dorton, (M7) 100 Double Bridges, (B7) 100 Double Springs, (K6) 140 Dover, (F6) 480 Dowelltown, (K6). 240 Doyle, (R7) 240 Dresden, (D6) 708 Drokes, (R6) ISO Ducktown, (NS).-- 1,500 Dunlap, (L8) 1,166 DurhamviUe, (B7)- ISO Dyer, (D6) 1,166 Dyersburg,(C6).- 4,149 Eads, (P3) 81 Eagleville, (H7)-.. 380 East Chattanooga, (L8) 5,000 Eastlake, (L8) 250 Eastland, (L7) 334 Eaton, (C7) 130 Ebenczcr, (N7) 100 Echo, 06) 100 Edenwold, (H6)... 150 Elizabethton, (R6). 2,478 Elkton, (H8) 179 Elk Valley, (N6)... 200 EUejoy, (07) 100 Ellendale, (B8) 58 Elora, (J8) 100 Elva, (MS) 100 Embreeville, (Q6) - 300 Emorygap, (M7).- 150 Englewood, (M8)-. 600 Enville, (E8) 140 Erin, (F6) 943 Erwin, (R6) 1,149 Estill Springs, OS). 160 Ethridge, (G8) 180 Etowah, (N8) 1,685 Eijrekaton, (C8)-- ISO EvensviUc, (M7)-. 200 FallBranch. (R6)-. 120 Fallcreek, (H7) 120 Farmington, (H7)- ISO Fayetteville, (HS) - 3,439 Ferro, (F8)-- 200 Fetzerton, (MS)--- 130 Finley, (B6) 304 Fish Spring, (R6)-- 100 Flippin, (B7) 100 Flynnslick, (K6)... 150 Fogal, (N6) 100 Fordville, (R6) 100 Forest Hill, (B8)— 650 Forkridge, (OS).-- 300 Fosterville, 07)--- 360 Fountain City,(N6) SOO Fountain Head, (H5) 170 Fowlkes, (B7) 240 Foxbluff, (G6) 100 Foxbranch, (PS)--- 230 Franklin, (H7) 2,924 Friendship, (C7).- 270 Friendsville, (N7) . 500 Fulton, (B7) 100 Gadsden, (D7) 270 Gainesboro, (K6).. 408 Gallatin, 06) 2,399 Gallaway, (B8) 100 Gardner, (D6) 260 Gates, (C7) 292 Gatliff, (N6) ISO Georgetown, (M8). 150 GermaatowQ, (B8). 247 Gibson, (D7) 250 Glass, (C6) 250 Gleason, (D6) 388 Glen Cliff, (H6)--- 150 Glendale, (G7) 100 Glenmary, (M6)-.. 500 Glenravea, (HS)— . 100 Glimp, (B7) 100 Godwin, (G7) 100 Golddust, (B7) 200 Goofllettsville, (H6) 1,000 Goodrich, (F7) 360 Gordonsburg, (G7) 422 Gordonsville, (K6). 245 Graham, (F7) 100 Grand Junction, (C8) 491 Granville, (K6) 230 Graveston, (06).— 100 Graysvillc, (L8).-. 390 Green Brier, (H6)- 522 Grecneville, (Q6)- 1,920 Greenfield, (D6)--- 1,516 Grimsley, (L6) 140 Gruetli, (K8) 300 Guelph, (C6) 200 Guild, (K8) 500 Habersham, (N6).. 130 Hales Point, (B7)— 200 Halls, (C7) 882 Hamburg, (E8) 150 Hampton, (R6)--- 600 Hardm Valley, (N7) 100 Harrican, (KS) ISO ILarriman, (N7)--. 3,061 Harrison, (L8) 200 HartsviUe, (J6) 1,000 Il.iysviUe, OS) 100 Hebbertsburg,(M6) 100 Heiskell, (N6) 200 Helcnwood, (M6)-- 300 Henderson, (D8)-- 1,087 Hendersons Cross Roads, 06) 100 Hendersonville,{H6) 220 Henning, (B7) 582 Henry, (E6) 198 HenryviUe, (G8).-. 150 Hickman, (K6) 280 Hickory Valley, (C8) 200 Highcliff, (NS) SOO Hilhana, (L6) 200 Hill City, (L8) 600 Hinkledale, (D6)-. 100 Hohenwald, (F7).- 500 Holladay, (E7) 190 HoUowrock, (E6)... 270 Hombeak, (C6).-- 400 Horsecreek, (Q6).. 100 Huffmans, (M6)... 100 Humboldt, (D7)..- 3,446 Huntingdon, (E7)- 1,112 Huntland, (JS) 400 Huntsville, (M6)-- 300 Hurricane Mills, (F7) 100 IdaviUe. (B8) 100 Indian Mound, (FS) 100 Indian Springs,(R5) 300 Inman, (L8) 620 Iron City, (F8) 410 Isaljella, (N8) 500 Isoline, (L6) 2S3 Jacksboro, (N6).-. 834 Jackson, (D7) 15,779 Jamestown, (M6).. 350 Jasper, (K8) 1,000 Jearoldstown, ((^6). 100 Jeffereon City, (P6) 1,328 Jcllico, (NS) 1,862 Jockey, (06) 100 Johnson City, (Q6) 8,502 Johnsonville, (F6) . 330 Jonesboro, (Q6)... 806 Kelso, (HS). 130 Kenton, (C6) 815 Kerrville, (B8) 220 Kimberlin Heights, (07) 100 Kimouns,(F7) 300 Kingsport, (QS)--- 350 Kingston, (N7) 824 Kingston Sprs, (G6) 130 KnoxviUe, (N7)-.. 36,346 Lafayette, (KS)... 678 Lafollette, (N6) ...2,816 Lagrange, (C8) 308 Laguardo, (J6) 100 Lancing, (M6) 100 Laurel Bloomeiy, (SS) 210 Laurclhil!, (K6)... 210 La Vergne, (H6).-. 200 Law, (D7) 100 Lawrcnceburg, (G8) 1,687 Lebanon, 06) 3,659 LenoirCity,(N7)-. 3,392 Lenox, (C6) SOO Lewisburg,(H8)-.. 1,830 Lexington, (E7)-.- 1,497 Liberty, (K6) 330 Limestone, (Q6) 200 Limestone Cove, (R6) 200 Linden, (F7) 330 Livingston, (L6)--- 1,421 Lobelville, (F7) --- 280 Longview, (J 7) 180 Lonsdale, (07) 2,391 Lookout Mountain, (L9) 631 Loretto, (G8) 100 Loudon, (N 7) 995 Louisville, (N7)... 320 Loved.aIc, (QS) 200 Lucy, (B8) 100 Luray, (D7) 200 Luttrell, (06) 500 Lynchburg, OS)... 408 Lynnville, (G8) ... 596 McCays, (N8) 100 McEwen, (F6) 661 McKenzie, (E6)... 1,322 McLemoresville, (07). 300 McMillan, (06)... 130 McMinnville, (K7) 2,299 McNairy, (08) 150 Macon, (C8) 200 Madisonville, (N7) 700 Malcsus, (D7) 100 Manchester, (J8).- 963 Manly ville, (E6) -- 110 Martin, (06) 2,228 Martins Mills, (F8) 200 Maryville, (07).-. 2,381 Mason, (C8) 391 Maury City, (C7).. 230 Mayland, (.L6) 192 Maynardville, (06) 200 Medina, (D7) 320 Medon, (D8) 250 Meeks, (KS) 300 Memphis, (A8) --131,105 Mengelwood, (B6). 300 Middleton,(D8)-— 273 Milan, (07) 1,605 Millcdgeville, (E8)- 130 Milligan College, (R6) 300 Millington, (B8)..- 554 Millstone, (M7)... 200 Miser, (N7) 130 Mitchell, (HS) 150 Mohawk, (P6) 300 Molino, (H8) 100 Mont E,agle, (K8). 600 Monterey, (L6) ... 1,107 Montlake, (LS) 230 Mooresburg, (P6)— 200 Morganton, (N7).. 100 Morrison, (K7) 149 Vlorristown, (P6)-. 4,007 Mjscow, (C8) 211 Mosheim, (Q6) 500 Moss, (KS) 130 Mountain City,(S6) 592 Mountain View, (07) 1,436 Mountpleasant, (G7) 1,973 Mulberry, (J8) 210 Mulberry Gap, (PS) 200 Munford, (B8) 329 Murfreesboro, (J7)- 4,679 Nance, 0?) 110 NASHVILLE, (H6) 110,364 National Soldiers Home, (R6) 100 Neva, (S6)_ 120 Newbern, (C6).... 1,602 Newcomb, (.\S)--- 500 New Market, (P6). 700 New Middleton, (K6) 290 Newport, (P7) 2,003 New Prospect, (06) 120 New Providence, [ (GS) 820 New River, (M6)-. 300 Newsoms Station, (G6) 150 New Tazewell, (06) 150 Niota, (M7) ISO Nixon, (E8) 100 Nolensville, (H7)-- ISO Norma, (N6) 300 Normandy, (JS)--. 300 Nunnelly, (G7) 500 Oakdale, (M7) 200 O.ik Hill, (L6) 120 Oakland, (C8) 350 Oakplain, (G6) 100 Oakville, (B8) 160 Obion, (C6) 1,293 Oldfort, (M8) 100 Oliver Springs,(N6) 573 Oneida, (MS) 500 Only, (F7)... 300 Ooltewah. (L8) 500 Orchard Knob, (LS) 1,000 Orlinda, (H5) 200 Orme, (K8) 653 Ottway, (Q6) 100 Palraersville, (D6). 120 Paris, (E6) 3,881 Park, (07) 5,126 Parrotts ville, (P6).. 200 Parsons, (E7) 700 Patterson Mills,(Q7) 100 Pearley, (B8) 200 Perryville, (F7)... 110 Persia, (Q6) 100 Petersburg, (H8).. 379 Petros, (N6) 1,000 Philadelphia, (N7). 300 Pickwick, (E8) 350 Pigeonforge, (07).. 200 Pikeville, (L7) 400 Piljerk, (B7) 100 Pinewood, (G7)_.- 600 Pinhook Landing, (M7) 100 Pinson, (DS) 300 Pioneer, {N6) 230 Pleasant Hill, (L7)- 227 PleasantShade,(K6) 250 PleasantView,(H6). 350 Pless, (N6)._ 100 Portland, (JS) 579 Powell Station,(N6) 300 Probst, (N8) 150 Prospect Station, (HS) 200 Pruden, (OS) 100 Pulaski, (H8) 2,928 Puryear, (E6) 254 Qucbeck, (K7) 150 R.aleigh, (B8) 240 Ralstons Station, (D6) 100 Ramer, (D8) 150 Randolph, (B7)..- 100 Ravenscroft, (L7) . 481 Readyyille, (J7)-.- 100 Redboiiing Springs, (KS) 200 Rhea Springs, (M7) 300 Rheatown, (Q6).-. 154 Rialto, (B7) 110 Riceville, (M8) 400 Richard City, (Z8) 324 Rickman, (L6) 100 Ridgedale, (L8).-. 1,500 Ridgely, (B6) 519 Ripley, (B7) 2,011 Rives, (C6) 468 Roan Mountain, (R6) 300 Robbins, (M6) 400 Rockford, (07) 500 Rock Island, (K7).. 100 Rockwood, (M7).- 3,660 Roellcn, (C6) 150 Rogersville, (P6)-. 1,242 Rome, (J6) 300 Roope, (K8) 200 Rossville, (C8) 142 Rugby, (M6) 250 Ruskin, (F6) 200 Russellville, (P6).. 200 Rutherford, (D6).. 766 Rutledge, (P6) 500 Saint Clair, (P6).— 360 S.aint Elmo, (L8).- 2,426 Saint Joseph, (G8)- 250 Sale Creek, (L8)—. 500 Saltillo, (E8) 360 Samburg, (C6) HI Santa Fe, (G7) 270 Sardis, (E8) 400 Saulsbury, (C8)... 199 S.ivannah, (E8)... 2,100 Scivally, (J8) 200 ScottsHill, (E7)-.. 250 Selmer, (D8)_ 529 Sequatchie, (K8)-- 100 Sevierville, (07)... 675 ,Sewance, (KS) 500 Shadeland, (M6)-- 200 Shallowford, (L8)— 250 Sharon, (D6) 608 Shawanee, (05)--- 200 Shelby ville, (H8)-- 2,869 Shepherd, (L8) 100 Sherwood, (K8)-.. 400 Shopspring, 06)-— 100 Shouns, (S6) 200 Shultz, (P7) 100 Smithville, (K7)-.. 800 Smoky Junction, (N6) 200 Smyrna, (H7) 220 Sneedville, (PS)... 200 Soddy, (L8). 1,200 Somerville, (C8)... 1,387 South Fulton, (D6) 1,391 South Pittsburg, (KS) 2,106 Southside, (G6)... 300 Sparta, (K7) 1,409 Speedwell, (06)... 200 Spencer, (L7) 210 Spot, (F7) 450 Spring City, (M7). 1,039 Springcreek, (D7) . 200 Springfield, (HS).. 2,085 Spring Hill, (G7)-. 695 Springville, (E6)... 120 Stacy, (Q6) 100 Stanton. (CS) 500 Statesville, (J6)... 120 Stewart, (F6) ISO Stokes, (C7) 100 Strathmore, (GS) . . 200 Straw Plains, (06). 150 Sugar Tree, (E7)-. 200 Suramertown, (GS) 400 Summitville, (J7).. 130 Sunbright, (M6)... 220 Sutheriand, (SS)... 200 Sweetwater, (N7)— 1,850 Sycamoie, (H6)... 200 Talbott, (P6) 200 Tampa, (P7) 100 Tampico, (P6) 130 Tariton, (K7) 100 Tasso, (MS) 130 Tazewell, (06) 886 Telford, (Q6) 150 Teller, (06) 250 TeUico Plains, (N8) 300 Temperance Hall, (K6) 180 Thomastown, (A8). 391 Thompsons Station, (H7)-. 200 TiptonvUle, (C6)-- 843 Tomscreek, (F7)-- 100 Toone, (D8). 245 Townsend, (07)... 800 Toy, (MS) 100 Tracy City, (KS).. 3,100 Trade, (S6) 130 Trenton, {C7) 2,402 TrentviUe, (06).-- 150 Trezevant, (D6)... 500 Trunble, (C6) 556 Troy, (C6) 529 Tullahoma, (JS)... 3,049 Tusculum, (Q6)-.. 150 Unicoi, (R6) 250 Union City, (C6).. 4,389 Unionville, (H7)... 220 Uptonville, (D8).. 100 Vandever, (L7) 100 Vaughtsville, (S6). 100 Verona, (H7) 110 Victoria, (K8) 300 Vildo, (CS) 120 Viola, (K7) 177 Vonore, (N7) 200 Waldensia, (M7)_. 500 Walnut Grove, (ES) 500 Walterbill, 07) 120 Warner, (G7) 600 Wartburg, (M6)... 210 Wartrace, (J 7) 659 Watauga, (R6) 100 Watauga Valley, (R6) 150 Watertown. 06)... 517 Watson, (M6) 100 Wauhatchie, (L8).. 100 Waveriy, (F6) 947 Wayland Springs, (FS) 130 Waynesboro, (FS). 357 Weavers Store, (FS) 120 Welch Station, (L6) ISO Wcllwood, (C7)--- 200 Westmoreland, 05) 298 Westpoint, (FS)-.. 370 Westport, (E7) 200 Wetmore, (NS) 100 Wheat, (N7) 100 White Bluffs, (G6). 419 White Fern, (D7).. 100 White House, (H6) 100 Whitepine, (P6)... 500 Whites Bend, (H6). 200 Whitesburg, (P6).. 400 Whites Creek, CH6) lOO Whiteside, (KS)... 650 Whiteville, (C8)-.. 741 Whittle Springs, (06) 200 Whitwell, (K8) 3,000 Wier, 06) 130 Wilder, (L6) s300 Willette, (K6) 250 Williston, (CS) 170 Willow Grove, (LS) 130 Winchester, (J8) 1,351 Winesap, (L7) ISO WinCeld, (MS) ... 200 Winona, (N6) 350 Witts Foundry, (P6) 250 Woodbury, 07)... 609 Woodland Mills, (C6) 250 Woodville, (C7)-.. 100 Wooldridge, (NS) - 600 Xenophon, (PS)--- 100 Yorkville, (C6) 300 Yuma, (E7) 130 TEXAS Abbie, (H5) 200 Abbott, (K6) 850 Abemathy, (F3) 100 Abilene, (H5) 9,204 Abram, (Jll) 200 Acme,(H3) 300 Acton, (K5) 150 Addison, (L5) 100 Adkins, (J8) 200 Adrii-n, (E2) 100 Adsul. (07) 250 Aguilares, (HIO). ... 300 Airline, (MS) 200 Aiait,(N5) 130 Alamo Mills, 150 Giddings, (L7) 2,000 Gilmer, (NS) l,'i«4 Gindalc, (K7) 200 Ginger, (MS) 100 Gladewater, (NS)... 500 Glcnbelto, (K7) 200 Glendale, (M7) 100 Glenflora, (L8) 400 Glen Rose, (KS).... 2,000 Glcnwood, (N5) 100 Glidden, (L8).,.... 300 Glory, (M4) 140 Gober, (M4) 100 Godley, (K5) 400 Golden, (MS) 150 Goldthwaite, 06). .1,129 Goliad, (K9) 2,100 Gomez, (E4) 100 Gonzales, (K8) 3,139 Gordon, (J5) 609 Gordonville, (L4)... 130 Goree, (H4) 1,000 Gorman, (JS) 963 Gouldbusk, (H6).. . . 100 Graford, 05) 300 Graham, (J4) 1,569 Granbury, (KS) 1,336 Grandfalls, (E6).... 100 Grand Prairie, (KS). 994 Grand Saline, (MS). 1,065 Grand View, (KS). .1,018 Granger, (K7)- 1,708 Grapeland, (M61.... 400 Grapevine, (KS)... 681 Grayburg, (N7) 1,000 Greenville, (M4)... 8,850 Greenvine, (L7) 100 Greenway, (KS) 100 Greenwood. (K4)... 300 Gregory, (KIO) 300 Groesbeck,(U)..., 1,454 Groom, (F2) 200 Grovesville, (F4).... 200 Groveton,(M6).... 4,600 Grulla, Oil) 350 Guffey, (N7) 1,000 Gunsight, 05) 200 Gunter, (L4) 300 Gustine, 06) 300 Guthrie, (04) 550 Hagansport, (M4). . 150 Hagcrville, (M6).. . . 100 Halbert, (06) 150 Hale Center, (F3)... 100 Halesboro, (M4) 130 Hallettsville,(L8).. 1,379 Hallsville, (NS) 380 Hamilton, (J6).... 1,548 Hamlin, (GS) 1,978 Hammond, (L6) 180 Hampton, (N7) 300 Handlcy, (K5) 900 Hankamer, (N8).... 300 Hansford, (Fl) 100 Happy, (F3) 400 Hardy, (K4) ISO Harleton, (N5) . 250 Harlingen,(KU)... 1,000 Harper, (H7) 200 Harrelton, (M4).... 100 Harrisburg, (M8). . . 500 Harrold, (H3) 350 Hartburg, (07) 300 Harwood, (KS) 550 Haskell, (H4) 2,436 Hasse, (J6) 250 Hawkins, (MS) ISO Hearne, (L7) 2,352 Heath, (L5) 300 Hcbbronville, (JIO). 200 Hedley, (G3) 300 Heidenheicner, (K6). 200 Helena, (K9) 100 Helotes, (JS) 480 Hemphill, (06) 300 Hempstead, (M7).. 2,600 Henderson, (NS)... 3,200 Henly, 07) l"" Hcnnessy, (M6) 100 Henrietta, (J4) 2,104 Hereford, (E3) 1,750 Hcrmleigh. (G5) 600 Hewitt, (K6) 150 Hcxt, (H7) 300 Hickory Creek,(L4). 100 Hico,06) 1,437 Hidalgo, (JU) 600 Higgins,(Gl) 1,200 High Hill, (1,5) 100 High Island, (NS).. . 200 Hill, (M9) 250 Hillendahl, (M8).. . . 400 Hillsboro, (K5) 6,115 Hitchcock, (M8).... 650 Hobson, (K9) 100 Hockley, (M7) 400 Holland, (K7) 778 Hondo, (HS) 2,500 Honea,(M7) ISO Honey Grove(M4). 2,300 Hood,(K4) 150 Hoije, (L8) 100 Horgcr, (N7) ISO HornHUl,(L6) 300 Hortense, (N7) 500 Houghton, (L4) 300 Housley.(L5) 100 Houston, (MS).... 78,800 Houston Heights, (MS) 6,984 Howe, (L4) 581 Rowland, (M4) 400 Hubbard, (L6) 1,843 Huckabay,(J5) 150 Hufsmith, (M7) 150 Hughes Springs,(N4) 850 Humble, (M 7) 2,300 Hungerford,(L8)... 100 Huntington, (N6)... 500 Huntsville,(M7)... 2,072 Hutchins, (L5) 350 Hutto, (K7) 800 Huxley, (06) 100 Hylton, (G5) 300 laeo, (M8) 100 Imperial, (MS) 150 Independence, (L7) . 300 Indiancreek, (J6)... 100 Indian Gap, (J6) 100 Industry, (L8) 500 Inez, (L9) 100 lola, a?) 300 lowaPark, 04) 603 Iredell, (K6) 750 Irene, (L6) 400 Iris, (M6) 250 Ironosa, (N6) 100 Islitas, (HIO) 200 Italy, (LS) 1,149 Itasca, (KS) 1,356 Iuka,(J8) ICO "acksboro, (J4) 1,480 acksonville, (M6) . 2,875 ardb, CM4) 130 asper, (N7) 400 ayton, (04) 314 effetson, (NS) 2,515 ennmgs, (M4) 100 ewett, (L6) 5S6 Joaquin, (N6) 100 Johnson City, (J7) . 1,000 Johnsons Station, (K5) 100 Jonah, (K7) 120 Jonesboro, (K6) 450 Josephine, (L4) 500 Joshua, (K5) 800 osserand, (N6) 300 ourdanton, (JS) 100 uan Saenz, (KIO).. 100 unction, (H7) 800 uno, (F7) ISO ustin, (K4) 500 amack. (NS) 100 KamesCity,(K9).. 1,150 Katemcy, (H7) 150 Katy, (M8) 200 Kaufman, (L5).... 1,950 Keenan,(M7) 500 Keene, (K5) 400 Keller, (K5) 250 KellyviUc, (NS).... 150 Kelm, (L5) 100 Kclsey, (NS) 150 Keltys, (N6) 1,000 Kemah, (MS) 200 Kemp, (LS) 1,500 Kcmpner, (K6) 170 Kenedy, (K9) 1,147 Kennard, (M6) 600 Kennedale, (K5)... 200 Kenneth, (M7) 1,000 Kenney, (L7) 150 Kentuckytown, CL4) 100 Kerens, (LS) 945 Kermit,(E6) 100 Kerrville, (117) 1,843 Kildare, (NS) 500 Kilgore, (N5) 450 Killcen, (K(,) 1,263 Kimball, (KS) 200 Kingsbury, (KS)... 150 Kingsland, 07) 250 Kingston, (L4) 300 Kirgsville, (KIO).. 1,500 Kicmatia, (M4) ISO Kirby,(J8)... 100 Kirbyville, (07). ..2,100 Kirkland, (G3) 400 Kirvin, (L6) 300 Kleburg, (L5) 100 Klondike, (M4)... 400 Knickerbocker, (06) 400 Knippa, (HS) 100 KnoxCity,(L4)... 1,200 Kopperl, (K5) 200 Ko5Se,(L6) 764 Kountze, (N7) 600 Kress, (F3) 300 Krum, (K4) 750 Kyle, (K7) 742 Ladonia,(L4) 1,293 La Fayette, (N5)... 250 Lagarto, (K9) 150 La Gloria, (110).... 100 Lagrange. (LS) 1,850 Lajitas, (D8) 140 Lamar,(K9) 130 Lamarquc, (N8)... 210 Lamasco, (M4) 250 LaMerele, (06).... 100 Lamcsa, (F5) 1,000 Lampasas, 06) 2,119 Lancaster, (LS) 1,115 Laneville, (N5) 180 Langtry, (F8) 150 Lanham, (K6) 130 Lannius, (L4) 200 La Porte, (M 8) 678 Laredo, (HIO) 14,855 Larissa, (M5). 150 Laurelia, (N7) 750 Lavemia, 08) 500 Lavon, (L4) 300 Lawrence, (LS) 150 Lawsonville, (N6).. 100 League City, (M8). 500 Leakey, (HS) 200 Leander,(K7) 250 Lebanon, (L4) 230 Ledbetter, (L7).... 200 Leesburg, (M4) 250 LecsvUle, (K8) 200 Lefors, (G2) 100 Leggett,(N7) 200 Lemonville. (07)... 100 Lenz, (K9) 100 Leonard, (L4) 990 Leon Springs, 08).- ISO Leroy,(K6T 100 Lewis, (M6) 130 Lewisville, (K4)... 800 Lexington, (K7)... 1,600 Liberty, (N7) 980 Liberty Hill, 07)-. 500 Lillian, (KS) 300 Lindale, (MS) 658 Linden, (NS) 500 Lindsay, (K4) 130 Lingleville. 05) 200 Linwood,(N6) 300 Lipscomb, (Gl) 130 Lisbon, (LS) 150 Littig,(K7) 250 Little Elm, (K4)..- 120 Little River, (K6).. 230 Liverpool, (Mf,)..- 200 Livingston, (N 7).-. 1,700 Llano, 07) 1,687 Lloyd, (L4) 200 Locker, 06) 100 Lockhart, (KS) 2,945 Lockney, (F3) 750 Lodi, (N5) 130 Lodwick, (N5) 500 Loeb,(N7) 200 Lometa, 06) 500 Lone Grove, 07).— 100 Loneoak, (MS) 756 Long Branch, (NS). 130 Longmott, (L9) 150 Longview, (NS) 5,155 Lineland, (N6) 200 Pine Valley, (M7).. 200 Pinkham, (N4) 100 Pioneer, (HS) 150 Pirtle,(NS) 100 Pisek.(L8) 100 Pittbridge,(L7)... 100 Pittsburg, (N5).... 1,916 Plains, (£4) 100 Plainview, (F3) 2,829 Piano, (L4) 1,258 PlantersviUe, (M7). 150 Pleasanton, (J9) . . . 650 Plemons. (F2) 100 Poetry, (L5) 300 Point, (iM5) 200 Pointblank, (M7).. 150 Point Isabel, (Kll). 400 Pollok. (N6) 150 Polly, (H8) 200 Ponta, (M6) 100 Pontotoc, G7) 250 Poolville, (K5) 500 PortArthur, (08).. 7,663 Port Bolivar, {N8). 100 Portland, (KIO)... 200 Port Lavaca, CL9). 1,699 Post, (F4) 100 Postoak, (14) 200 Postoak Point, (L8) 100 Potosi, (H5) 140 Pottsboro, (U) 313 Pottsville, (J6) 100 Powell, (LS) 100 Poyner, (M5) 100 Praha, (K8) 100 Prairie Hill, (L6)... 200 Prairie Lea, (K8)... 300 Prairieview, (M7). 500 Prair.eviUe, (L5)... 120 Premont, (jlO) 100 Presidio, (C8) 300 Preston, (L4) ISO Pritchett, (N5) 200 Proctor, (J6) 300 Progreso, (Jin 300 Prospect, (J4) 100 Prosper, (L4) 300 Provident City, (L8) 150 Purdon, (L6) 150 Purley, (M4) 100 Putnam, (H5) 500 Pyburn, (L6) 100 duail, (G3) 150 Quanah, (H3) 3,127 Quarton, (F2) 100 QueeuCity, (N4).. 388 Quemado, (G9) 100 Quibi, (H8) 200 Quinlan, (L5) 537 Quintana, (M9) 300 Quitman, (M5) 100 Rabke, (K8) 400 Ragley,(N5) 500 Rainbow, (K5) 100 Ramirena, (J9) 200 Rancho, (K8) 250 Randado, (JIO) 350 Randolph, (L4) 400 Ranger, (JS) 1,000 Ralcliff, (M6) 130 Ravenna, (L4) 280 Raymondville,(Kll) 450 Raywood, (N7) 200 Reagan, (L6) 400 Realitos, (JIO) 300 RedOak, (L5) 350 RedRock, (K8).... 550 Redwater, (N4) 300 Reedville, (K8) 100 Refugio, (K9) 500 Reralig, (06) 750 Renner, (L4) 300 Reynolds, (M5) 100 Rheingold, (J7) 300 Rhome, (K4) 600 Rhonesboro, (M5). 250 Rice, (L5) 300 Richardson, (L5)... 200 Richland, (L6) 350 Richland Springs, 06) 150 Richmond, (MS)... 1,371 Rienzi,(L6) 300 Riesel, (L6) 550 Ringgold, (J4) 400 Rio Frio, (H8) 100 Rio Grande, (JU).. 2,300 Riovista, (K5) 500 Ripley, (M4) 100 Rising Star, (J5)... 640 Riviera, (KIO) 200 Roanoke, (K4) 400 Roans Prairie, (M7) 250 Robert Lee, (G6)... 1,800 Robstown, (KIO)... 130 Roby. (G5) 900 Rochester, (H4)... 500 Rock Creek, (J5).-- 500 Rockdale, (K7) 2,073 Rockhill, (L4) 150 Rock Island, (L8).. 500 Rockland, l'N6) 200 Rockport, (L9) 1,382 Rocksprings, (G7).. 750 Rockwall, (L5) 1,136 Roda, (L6) 250 Roganville, (07)... 20K Rogers, (K7) 1,275 Roma, (JU) 600 Romney, (J5) 100 Rosalie, (M4) 300 Rosanky, (K8) 100 Roscoe. (G5) 941 Rosebud, (K6) 1,472 Rosehill, (M7) 300 Rosenberg, (M8)... 1,198 Rosewood, (NS)... 300 Rosser, (LS) 200 Rosston, (K4) 300 Rossville, (J8) 30O Rotan,(G5) 1,126 Round Mountain, (J7) ISO Round Rock, (K7). 900 Round Top, (L7)... 300 Rowena, (06) 300 Rowlett, (LS) 100 Ro.tton, (M4) 600 RoyseCity,(LS)... 1,210 Royston, (G5) 250 Rule, (H4) 891 RuliS, (07) 100 Runge, (K9) 1,200 Rusk, (M6) 1,558 Rutersville, (L8)... 100 Ryals, (M7) 200 Rye, (N7) 300 Sabinal, (H8) 1,640 Sabine, (08) 350 Sabine Pass, (N8).. 400 Sacul, (N6) 100 Sadler, (L4) 400 Sage, (J7) 300 Sagerton, CH4)1.... 500 Saginaw, (KS) 100 Saint Hedwig, (J8). 500 Saint Jo, (K4) 822 Salado, (K7) 400 Salesville, (JS) 100 Samfordyce, (J 11).. 100 Samuel, (L7) 200 San Angelo,(G6).. 10,321 San Antonio, (J8). 96,614 San Augustine, (N6) 1,204 San Benito, (Kll). 1,000 Sand, (K7) 100 Sanderson, (E7)... 700 Sandia, (KIO) 500 San Diego, QIO)-. 2,500 Sandy, (J7) 100 San Elizario, (A6). 834 San Felipe, (L8)_.. 206 San Gabriel, (K7).. 100 Sanger, (K4) 800 San Juan, (Jll)... 100 San Leon, (N8)... 100 San Marcos, (J8)-- 4,071 San Patricio, (KIO) 320 San Saba, (J6) 1,500 Sansom, (H8) 478 SantaAnna,(H6).. 1,453 Santa Maria, (Kll) 250 Santo, (JS) 500 San Ygnacio, (HIO) 500 Saragosa, (D6) 100 Saralvo, (LS) 100 Saratoga, (N7) 1,000 Sarco Creek, (K9) . 600 Sarita, (KIO) 130 Saron, (M6) 500 Sartartia, (M8) 150 Saturn, (K8) 110 Savoy, (L4) 328 ScherU, (J8) 350 Schulcnburg, (L8). 1,091 Schumanville, (J8). 300 Scotland, (J4) 300 Scottsville, (NS)... 100 Scranton, (HS) 300 Scurry, (LS) 250 Seabrook, (N8) 100 Seadritt, (L9) 100 Scagoville, (LS)... 300 Seafy, (L8) 1,700 Sebree, (K4) 100 Seguin, (O) 3,116 Selfs, (M4) 100 Seminole, (E5) 500 Senior, (J8) 100 Sevenoaks, (N7)... 100 Seymour, (H4) 2,029 ShaeHer, (JIO) 150 Shatter, (C8) 1,000 Shatter Lake, rE5). 400 Shamrock, ((52)... 600 Shannon, (J4) 100 Sharp, (L7) 100 Sharpsburg, (KIO). 150 Sheffield. (F7) 130 Shelby, (L7) 200 Shelbvville, (06).. 200 Sheldon, (M8) 100 Shepherd, (M7)... 350 Sherley, (M4) 100 Shemian, (L41... 12,412 Sherwood, (G6)... 700 Shiner, iK8) 1,096 Shiro, (M7) 250 Sierra Blanca, (B6) . 320 SiLsbee, (N7) 150 Silverton,!(F3) 700 Simmons, (J9) 130 Simms, (N4) 150 Simpsonville, (MS) 190 Sinton, (K9) 1,500 Sipe Springs, (JS).. 300 Sisterdale, (J8) 1.50 Skidmore, (K9)... 1,000 Slayden, (K8) 100 Slidell, (K4) 150 Smiley, iK8) 1,000 Smithfield, (KS)... 150 Smithville, (K8)... 3,167 Smyrna, (N6) 300 Snyder, (GS) 2,514 Socorro, (A6) 1,147 Solms, (J8) 100 Somerset, (J8) 300 Somerville, (L7)... 2,500 Sonora, (G7) 800 Sourlake. (N7) 6,000 South Houston, (M8) 700 Southmayd, (L4).. 180 Spanish Camp, (L8) 100 Spanish Fort, (K4). 250 Spoeiord, (G8) 130 Spring, (M7) 150 Springbranch, (J8). 150 Spring Creek, (H4). 130 Springfield, (JIO).. 100 Springtown, (K5).. 700 Sprinkle, (K7) 100 Spurger. (N7) 100 Stack, (N6) 150 Stacy, (H6) 200 Stamford, (H5) 3,902 Standart, (08) 150 Stanton, (KS) 1,400 Staples, (K8) 140 SUr, (J6) 150 StarrviUe, (MS).... 120 Steeles Store, (L7).. 100 Steep Creek, (N6). 150 Stephenville, (JS)_. 2,561 Sterling City, (G6). 800 Stiles, (FO) 150 Stockdale, (K8).... 1,250 Stoneburg, (K4)... 100 Stoneham, (M7)... 250 Stonewall, (J7) 200 Story, (G2) 100 Stowell, (N8) 150 Stranger, (L6) 100 Stratford, (El) 520 Strawn, (JS) 1,000 Straws IVIill, (K6).. 150 Streetman, (L6)... 100 String, (K6) 250 String Prairie, (K8) 150 Stuebner, (M7) 200 Sublime, (L8) 200 Sullivan, (KS) 200 Sulphur Bluff, (M4) 250 Sulphur Springs, (M4) 5,151 Summerfield, (M6). 330 Summers Mills, (K7) 220 Sumner, (M4) 100 Sunnyside, (MS)... 100 Sunset, (K4) 650 Sunshine, (KIO)... 200 Sutherland Springs, (J8) 7S0 Swan, (MS) 200 Swannville, (N6)... 150 Sweet Home, (LS).. 500 Sweetwater, (G5). 4,176 Swift, (N6) 150 Sylvester, (GS) 150 Tadmor, (M6) 100 Taft. (KIO) 100 Tahoka, (F4) 800 Tally, (NS) 100 Talpa, (H6) 1,200 Tamina,(M7) 100 Tarkinglon Prairie, (M7)... 500 Tascosa, (E2) 100 Tatum, (N5) 300 Taylor, (K7) 5,314 Taylorsville, (K8).. 100 Teague, (L6) 3,288 Tchuacana, (L6)... 425 Temple, (K6) 10,993 Tenaha, (N6) 491 Tennessee Clolony, (M6) 100 Tennyson, (G6) 100 Terlingua, (D8) 200 Terrell, (L5) 7,050 Teiarkana, (04)... 9,790 Texas City, (N8)... 400 Texia, (07) SOO Texline, (El) 100 The Grove, (K6)... 100 Theta, (M4) 400 Thomaston, (K9).. 300 Thompsons, (MS). 100 Thorndale, (K7)... 600 Thornton, (L6) 678 Thorp Spring, (KS). 400 Throckmorton, (H4) 600 Thurber, (JS) 4,500 Tilden, (J9) 500 Timpson, (N6) 1,528 Tioga, (L4) 1,600 Tivoli, (L9) 130 Tobey, (J9) 100 Todd, (M7) 100 Tokeen, (HS) 200 Tolar, (K5) 455 Tolbert, (H31 200 Tom Ball, (MS).... 130 Tom Bean, (L4)... 288 Tool, (LS) 100 Toomey, (N6) 100 Torrecillas, (JIO)... 100 Townbluff, (N7)... 300 Toyah, (D6) 1,052 Tracy, (K7) 200 Travis, (L6) 100 Trent, (HS) 200 Trenton, (L4) 550 Trinity, (M7) 850 Trinity Mills, (LS). 200 Trotti, (07) 350 Troup, (MS) 1,126 Troy, fK6) 500 TrumbuU, (LS) 100 Triiscott, (H4) 200 Tulia, (F3) 1,216 Tulip, a.4) 120 Tundra, (MS) 100 Tunis, (L7) 200 Turlington, (M6).. 100 Turnersville, (K6).. 130 Turpentine, (N6).. 100 Turtle Bayou, (N8). 400 Tye, (HS) 250 Tyler, (MS) 10,400 Union, (K8) 100 Uma-i,(M4) 180 Upton, (K7) SOO Utopia, (H8) 200 Uvalde, CH8) 3,998 Valentine, (C7) 200 Valera,(H6) 100 Valley Mills, (K6).. 708 Vallevspring, (J7).. 100 Valley View, (K4).. 350 VanAlstyne, (L4).. 1,441- V,indalia, (N4) 100 Vandyke, (J6) 100 Van Horn, (C6) 150 VanVleck, (M8)... 200 Va.shti, (J4) 100 Vaughan, (K6) 100 Velasco, (M9) 1,500 Venus, (KS) 495 Vernon, (H3) 3,195 Verona, (L4) 100 Vesey, (N4) 100 Victoria, (L9) 3,673 View, (J8) 450 Village Mills, (N7) 400 Vincent, (FS) 200 Vineyard, (K4) 150 Voss, (H6) 700 Waco, (K6) 26,425 Wade, (K8) 150 Wadsworth, (M9).. 100 Waelder, (KS) 1,400 Walburg, (K7) 150 Waldrip, (H6) 250 Waller, (M7) 400 Wallis Station, (L8) 880 Wallisville, (N8)... 350 Walnut Sprs, (K5). 1,340 Warda, (L7) 100 Waring, as) 100 Warren, (N7) 600 Warrenton, (L7I... 400 Washington, (L7)— 300 Waskom, (05) 500 Waterloo, (K8) 150 Waterman, (N6)... 476 Water Valley, (G6) ISO Walters, (K7) 100 Waukegan, (M7)... 500 Waverly, (M7) 200 Waxahachie, (L5).. 6,205 Weatherford,(K5). 5,074 Webberville, (K7).. 320 Weesatche, (K9)... 100 Weimar, (L8> 906 Weinert, (H4) 200 Welcome, (L7) 230 Weldon, (M6) 150 Wellborn, (L7) 400 Wellington, (G3)... 576 Wells, (N6) 150 Weser, (K9) 110 Wesley, (L7) 200 West,(K.6) 1,645 Westbrook, (FS) 200 West Columbia, (M8) 200 Westhofif, (K8) 100 Westmmster, (L4). 380 Weston, (L4) 250 Westphalia, (K6).. 100 Westpoint, (K8)... 300 Westville, (M7) lOO Wharton, (L8) 1,505 Wheatland, (L4)... lOO Wheeler, (G2) ICO Wheelock, (L7) 130 Whitehall, (M7)... 100 Whitchouse, (MS).. 250 Whiterock,(L4)... 130 Whitesboro, (L4).. 1,219 Whitewright, (L4). 1,563 Whitney, (K6) 766 Whitt, (KS) 500 Wichita Falls, (J4). 8,200 Wilburton, (M7)... 2.S0 Wildorado, (E2)... 180 Williams, (N7) 200 Willis, (M7) 1,500 Willow City, (J7).. 130 Willspoint, (MS)... 1,398 Wilmer, (LS) 250 Wilson, 06) 200 Winchell, (H6) 250 Winchester, (L7)... 400 Windom, (M4) 400 Winfield, (M4) 600 Wingate, (G6) 20O Winnie, (N8) 200 Winnsboro, (MS). .1,741 Winona, (MS) 30& Winters, (HS) 1,347 Wokaty, lK7) 300 WolfeCity,(L4)... 1,402 Woodbine, (K4)... 100 Woodbury, (KS)... 200 WoodlancI, (M4)... 220 Woodlawn, (N5)... 300 Woods, (N5) 100 Woodsboro, (K9).. 500 Woodviile, (N7)... 900 Wootan Wells, (L6). 130 Wortham,(L6) 899 Worthing, (LS) 100 W'rightsboro, (K8). 100 Wylie, (L5) 620 Yantis, (M5) 180 Yoakum, (K8) 4,657 Yorktown, (KS)... 1,180 YsleU, (A6) 2,000 Yturria, (Kll) 200 Zapata, (HU) 200 Zephyr, (J6) 300 Zigzag, (JS) 100 Zionsville, (L7) 210 Zorn, (K8) 200 Zuehl, (J8) 200 Zulch, (L7) ISO UTAH Abraham, (B4) 100 Adamsville, (BS).. 180 Alexander, (D3)... 100 Alpine, (C3) 496 Alta, (C3) 300 American Fork, (C3).. 2,797 Aneth, (E6) 100 Annabella, (CS)... 300 Aurora, (BS) 400 Avon, (C2) 170 Aitell, (C4) 180 Basin, (ES) 100 Bear River City, (B2) 463 Beaver, (BS). 1,899 Benjamin, (C3)... 800 Bingham Canyon, (B3) 2,881 Blaine, (B2) 200 Bluff, (E6). 190 Boneta, (D3) 200 Bountiful, (C3) 1,677 Bridgeport, (E3).. 100 Brigham, (C2) 3,685 Brinton, (C3) 500 Burrville, (C5) ISO Cache Junction, (B2) 100 Caineville, (CS)... ISO Calderpark, (C3).. 100 Cannonville, (B6). 200 Carbonate, (C3)... 100 Castledale, (C4)... 693 Castlegate, (D4)... 1,500 Castle Rock, (C2). 200 Cedar City, (A6).. 1,705 Cedar Valley, (B3). 200 Centerfield, (C4).. 600 Centerville, (C3).. 540 Charleston, (C3).. 283 Chester, (C4) 300 Circleville, (B5)... 500 Clarkston, (B2)... 564 Clearcreck, (C4)... 800 Cleirfield, (B2) 210 Clearlake, (B4) 500 Cleveland, (D4)... 500 Clover, (B3) 150 Coalville, (C3) 976 Collinston, (B2)... 500 Colton, (C4) 300 Corinne, (B2) 231 Cove, (C2) 400 Coyoto, (BS) 250 Croydon, (C2) 200 Deseret, (B4) 600 Desertlake, (D4).- 130 Devils Slide, (C2).. 300 Deweyville, (B2).. 210 Dragon, (E4) 250 Draper, (C3) 1,000 Echo City, (C3)... 220 Eden, (C2) 600 Elsinore, (BS) 656 Elwood, (B2) 200 Emery, (CS) 525 Enoch, (A6) 100 Enterprise, (A6)... 100 Ephraim, (C4) 2,296 Erda, (B3) 150 Escalante, (C6)... 846 Eureka, (B4) 3,416 Fairfield, (C3) 170 Fairview, (C4) 1,218 Farmington, (B3).. 1,231 Farwest, (C2) ISO Fayette, (C4) 300 Ferron, (C4) 651 Fielding, (B2) 450 Fillmore. (B5) 1,202 rorestDale,(C3).. 1,549 Fort Duchesne, (E3) 100 Fountain Green, (C4) 875 Freedom, (C4) 100 Fremont, (C5) 100 Frisco, (AS) 500 Garden City, (C2). 300 Garfield, (B3) 350 Garland, (B2) 600 Garrison, (AS) ISO Geneva, (C2) SOO Giles, (DS).. 130 Gisbom, (B3) 100 Glendale, (B6) 250 Glenwood, (CS)... 359 Gold Springs, (A6). 200 Goshen. (C4) 470 Grantsville, (B3).. 1,154 Greenriver, (D4).. 628 Greenville, (B5)... 210 Greenwich, (CS)... 160 Grouse Creek, (A2) 250 Grover, (CS) 100 Gunnison, (C4) 950 H.-inksville, (DS).. 100 Harper, (D4) 150 Harrisville, (B2)... 350 Hatch, (B6) 170 Heber, (C3) 2,031 Helper, (D4) 816 Henefer, (C2) 400 HenrievUle, (C6).. 250 Herriman, (B3)... 250 Hinckley, (B4) 5S3 Holden, (B4). 480 Holliday, (C3) 850 Honeyville, (B2).. 300 Hooper, (C2) 1,300 Hoytsville, (C3)... 250 Hunter, (C3) 350 Huntington, (C4). 800 Huntsville, (C2)... 750 Hurricane, (A6)... 250 Hyde Park, (C2).. 699 Hyrum, (C2) 1,833 Ibapah, (A4) 350 Indianola, (C4) 150 Jensen, (E3) 400 Johnson, (B6) 100 Joseph, (BS) 650 Juab, (C4)_ 210 Junction, (BS) 350 Kamas, (C3) 400 Kanab, (B6) 733 Kanarraville, (A6). 290 Kanosh, (BS) 513 Kaysville, (C2) 887 Kefton, (A2) 110 Kenilworth, (D4).. 350 King, (C2) 200 Kingston, (B5) 180 Koosharem, (C5).. 300 Lakepoint, (B3)... 200 Lake Shore, (C3).. 6S0 Laketown, (C2)... 330 Lark, (B3) 150 Lasal, (ES) 100 La Verkin, (A6)... 120 Lawrence, (C4) 150 I^yton, (B2) 810 Leamington, (B4). 300 Leeds, (A6) 150 Lehi, (C3) 2,964 Levan, (C4) 722 Lewiston, (C2) 989 Liberty, (C2) 300 Lincoln, (B3) 180 Lindon, (C3) 850 Linwood, (E3) 130 Loa, (CS) 500 Logan, (C2) 7,522 Lyman, (CS) 150 Lynndyl, (B4) 100 Maeser, (E3) 200 Mammoth, (B4)... 900 Manila, (E3) 230 Manti, {C4) 2,423 Mapleton, (C3)... 534 Marion, (C3) 230 Marysvale, (B5)... 230 Mayfield, (C4) 600 Meadow, (B5) 331 Mendon, (C2) 459 Mercur, (B3) 1,047 Mesa, (ES) 100 Midvale, (B3) 1,760 Midway, (C3) 838 Milbum, (C4) ISO Milford, (B5) 1,014 Mill Creek, (C3)... 2,300 Miller, (C3) 1,200 Mills, (B4) 100 MiUville, (C2) 353 Minersville, (BS).. 591 Moab, (ES) 615 Moffat, (E3) 200 Mona, (C4) 370 Monroe, (BS) 1,227 Monticello, (E6)... 180 Morgan, (C2) 756 Moroni, (C4) 1,223 Mount Carmel, (B6) 120 Mount Pleasant, (C4) 2,280 Murray, (C3) 4,057 Naples, (E3) 500 Nephi, {C4) -2,759 New Harmony, (A6) 170 Newhouse, (AS)... SOO Newton, (B2) 515 NorthOgden,(C2). 1,000 Oak City, (B4) 250 Oakley, (C3) 120 Oasis, (B4) 200 Ogden, (C2) 25,580 Ophir, (B3)._ 254 Orangeville, (C4).. 648 Orderville, (B6)... 450 Orton, (B6) 280 Panguitch, (B6)... 1,338 Paradise, (C2) 620 Paragonah, (B6)... 400 Park City, (C3)... 3,439 Park Valley, (A2).. 250 Parowan, (B6) 1,156 Payson, (C3) 2,397 Penrose, (B2) 150 Peoa, (C3) 460 Perry, (C2) 100 Peterson, (C2) 280 Pine Valley, (A6).. 300 Pinto, (.«) 110 Plain City, (C2)... 1,000 Pleasant Grove, (C3) 1,618 Pleasant View, (C2) 300 Plymouth, (B2)... 250 Point Lookout, (B2) _ 150 Portage, (B2) 400 Price, (D4) 1,021 Promontory, (B2). 200 Providence, (C2).. 1,020 Provo, (C3) 8,925 Provo Bench, (C3)- 600 Ranch, (B6) 200 Randolph, (C2)-.. 533 Redmond, (C4)... 547 Richfield, (BS) 2,559 Richmond, (C2)... 1,562 Riter. (B3) 300 Riverdale, (C2)... 300 Riverside, (B2) 250 Riverton, (C3) 700 Robinson, (B4) 400 Rockport, (C3) 110 Rockville, (A6) 230 Roy, (B2) 250 Saint Oorge, (A6). 1,769 Saint John, (B3)... 200 Salem, (C3) 693 Salina, (CS) : 1,082 SALT LAKE CITY, (B3) 92,777 Sandy, (C3) 1,037 Santa Clara, (A6).. 300 Santaquin, (C^4) 915 Scipio, (B4) 546 Scofield, (C4) 750 Sevier, (BS) 130 Sigurd, (B5) ISO Silver City, (B4)... 800 Smithfield, (C2)... 1,865 Snowville, (B2) 150 South Jordan, (C3) 700 Spanish Fork, (C3) 3,464 Spring City, (C4).. 1,100 Spring Glenn, (D4) 200 Springville,(C3)... 3,356 Standrod, (A2) 150 Stateline, (AS) 100 Sterling, (C4) 300 Stockton, (B3) 258 Sugarhouse, (C3).. 1,500 Summit, (A6) 100 Sunnyside, (D4)... 750 Sunshine, (B3) 100 Syracuse, (B2) 500 i Tavlorsville, (C3).. 550 Teasdale, (CS) ISOj Theodore, (D3)... 300' Thistle, (C3) 200 Thurber, (C*) 280 Tooele, (B3) 2,753 Topliff, (B3) lOO Toquerville, (A6).. 350 Torrey, (CS) 100 Tremonton, (B2).. 303 Trenton, (B2) 300 Tropic, (B6) 358 Tucker, (C4) ISO UinU, (C2) 230 Union, (C3) 700 Upton, (C3) 250 Utahn, (D3) 100 Venice, (CS) 140 Vermilion, (BS)... 110 Vernal, (E3) 836 Vernon, (B3) ISO Virgin, (A6) 100 Wales, (C4) 294 Wallsburg, (C3)... 550 Wanship, (C3) 230 Washakie, (B2)-.. 200 Washington, (A6). 424 Weber, (B2) 500 Wellington, (D4).. 358 Wellsville, (C2)... 1,195 Wendover, (A3)... 100 West Portage, (B2) 120 Westwater, (E4)... 100 W^heeler, (A6) 120 Whiterocks, (E3).. 100 Willard, (C2) 577 Wilson, (C2) 350 Winterquarters, .. (C4) 200 Woodland, (C3)... 300 ■ Woodruff, (C2) 500 Woods Cross, (B3). 1,000 Woodside, (D4)... 300 Yost, (A2) 100 Adamant, (D6) 150 Addison, (A7) "796 Albany, (ES) "920 Alburg, (A4) "LSI! Alburg Center, (A4) 200 Alburg Springs. (A4) 425 Amsden, (DIO).... 100 Andover. (DIO)... "284 Arlington, (Bl 1). ."1,307 Ascutneyville, (ElO) 200 Athens. (DID "201 Bakcrsfield, (D4)."l,079 Barnard, (D9I,.., •737 Bamet, (F6) "1,707 Barre, (E7) 10,734 Barton, (F5) 1,330 Bartonsville, (DID 200 Basin Harbor, (A7) 100 Beecher Falls. (J3) 350 Beldens, (B7) 200 Bellows Falls, (DID 4,883 Belmont, (CIO).... 550 Belvidere, (D5)..."429 Belvidere Center, (DS). no Bennington, (B12) 6,211 Bennington (Center, (B12) 42 Benson. (A9) "813 Berkshire, (C4). . ."1,286 Berlin. (D7) "1,079 Bethel, (D8) "1,943 Binghamville, (C5) 100 Bloomfield, (H5).. "496 Bolton, (C6) "469 Boltonville. (F7). . . 100 Bomosecn. (89) . . 100 Bondville, (CI I).. 300 Bradford, (F8).... 631 Braintree, (D8).... "760 Branch, (ES) 100 Brandon, (BS). ... 1,608 Brattleboro, (D12) 6.517 Bridgcwater. (D9) "874 Bridgewater Corners, (D9) 200 Bridport, (A8) .... "848 Bristol. (B7) 1,180 Brookfield, (D7).."1.008 Brookline, (DID.. "137 Brownington, (F4) "760 Brownington Center, (F4) 100 Brownsville, (DIO) 150 Burke, (G5) "1,183 Burlington, (B6). .20,468 VERMONT • = POPULATION OF TOWNSHIP Cabot, (E6) 227 Chimney Point, Cadys Falls, (DS).. 120 (A7) 100 Calais, (D6) "1,042 Chippenhook, (B9) 100 Cambridge, (CS).. 595 Chittenden, (C9). . "563 Cambridge June- Clarendon, (C9)..."8S7 tion. (C5) 120 Clarendon Springs, Cambridgeport, (B9) 180 (DID too Colchester, (BS)... .300 Canaan, (H4) "869 Concord, (G6). .. . 339 Castleton, (B9), .."1,885 Copperfield. (ES). . 100 Cavendish. (DIO) "1,208 Corinth, (D7). .. ."1.005 Center Rutland, Cornwall, (BS). ... "789 (C9) 600 Coventry, (E4) "616 Central, (HS) 100 Craftsbury. (ES). ."1,1 19 Charlotte, (B6)... "1, 163 Cuttingsville, (CIO) 3.50 Chelsea, (E8). .. ."1,074 Danby, (CIO). .. ."1,001 Chester, (DIO) 666 Danby Four Comers, Chester Depot, (BIO) 100 (DIO) 700 Danville, (F6).... "1, 564 Davis Bridge, (C12) 100 Derby, (F4) 316 Derby Line. (F4). . 390 Dorset. (BIO). .. ."1.472 Dummerston, (D12) "643 Duxbury, (C6).... "648 East Alburg, (B4). 200 E. Ariington, (BID 600 East Barnard, (D8) 175 EastBarnet, (F6).. 270 East Barre. (E7). , . 500 East Berkshire. (B2) 750 East Bethel. (D8).. 220 East Braintree, (D8) 250 E. Brookfield, (D7) 100 East Burke, (G5).. 400 East Calais, (E6). . 600 E. Charleston. (G4) 350 East Charlotte, (B6) 100 E. Clarendon, (C9) 200 East Concord, (G6) 100 East Corinth, (E7) 420 E. Craftsbury, (E5) 100 East Dorset, (CID 600 East Dover, (C12) 100 East Dummerston, (DI2) 200 East Fairfield, (C4) 600 East Fletcher, (C5) 100 East Franklin, (C3) 150 East Georgia, (B5) 100 East Granville, (C7) 100 East Hardwick, (ES) 470 East Haven, (G5).. "194 East Highgate, (C4) 300 East Jamaica, (DID 100 East Johnson, (D5) 100 E. Middlebury, (B8) 350 East Monkton, (B7) 100 E. Montpelier, (D6)"985 East Peachara, (F6) 200 East Poultney, (B9) 300 Eiist R.andolph, (D8) 200 East Richford, (D4) ISO E.TSt Roxbury, (D7) 150 East Rupert, (BIO) 100 East Ryegate. (F7) 200 EastThetford, (E8) 130 E. Wallingford, (CIO) 280 Eden, (DS) "751 Eden Mills. (DS).. 200 Elmore, (D51 "553 Enosburg, (D4)... 100 Enosburg Falls, (D4) 1.153 Essex. (BS) 210 Essex June, (B6). 1,24S INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES (vermont-virginia) 377 Evatsville, (F4)... 300 Holland, (G4)....»722 Miles Pond, (G6). . 100 North Pomfret, (E9) 100 Reading, (D10)..."530 South Newbury, Talcott, fB6) 10 Faifax, (C5) ■1,318 Hortonville, (A9). . 190 Milton, (B5) 634 North Pownal, (m2) 500 Readsboro, (C12). . 835 (F7) 230 Thetford, (E8) ."1,18 Fiirfield, (C4). ...■1,778 Hubbardton, (B9) ■455 Monkton, (37) "724 North Randolph, Richford, (D4). ... 1,948 South Ncwfane, Thetford Center, 1 00 West Derby, (F4) . . 1 , 109 ,182 West Dover, (C12) 200 /air Ha~venT(B9).. 2^554 Huntington, (B5). . ■760 Monkton' Ridge, (D8) !..'. 180 Richmond,' (C6)! ! .'828 '(012).'.'.''''.'.'... 110 "(ES)'..". 230 (D12)""""'" °"' 275 Fairlee, (F8) ^438 Huntington Center. (B5) 100 North Sheldon, (C4) 110 Ripton, (B8) ^421 South Northfield, Tice, (F4) '. 200 W. Enosb'u'ti'c'bii 160 Fayston, (C7) "452 (C6) 300 Montgomery, North Sherburne, Riverside, (C5). .. . 100 (D7) 150 Tinmouth, (BIO). . ^410 West Fairlee,' (E8) "446 Fclchvaie, (DIO).. 400 Hyde Park, (D5). . 423 (D4) "1,721 (C9) 100 Rochester, (C8). .■1,317 South Peacham, Topsham, (F7). . . . ■918 WestCcld (E4) ■613 Ferrisburg, (B7)..^l,433 Hydeville, (A9) 700 Montgomery Center, North Shrewsbury, Rockingham, (Oil) 100 (F6) 200 Townshcnd, (Dll)"817 Westford (B5) ^854 Fisk, (A4) 100 Ira, (B9) ^286 (D4) 800 (C9) 350 Roxbury, (07).... ■615 South Pomfret, Troy, (E4) 600 West Georgia, (BS) 200 Fitzdale, (H6) 100 Irasburg, (E4) ^983 MONTPELIER, North Springfield, Royalton, (D8). . .■1,452 (D9) 150 Tunbridgc, (E8). . . "918 West Halifax, (DI2) 350 Fletcher, (C5) "737 Island Pond, (G4) 1,573 (D6) 7,856 (DIO) 430 Rupert, (BIO) ^825 South Poultney, Tyson, (DIO) 100 West Hartford (E9) 400 Florence, (B9) 200 Isle La Motte, (A4) ■SIO Moretown, (D6)..^886 North Thetford, Rutland, (C9). .. 13,546 (BIO) 110 Underbill, (C5). ■1,004 Westhavcn (A9) ■353 Forestdale, (B8)... 260 Jacksonville, (C12) 212 Morgan, (F4) ^453 (F8) 250 Ryegate, (F7) 150 South Randolph, Underbill Center, West Lincoln (C7) 200 Fort Ethan Allen, Jamaica, (Dll). ... ^716 Morgan Center, North Troy, (E4). . 771 Saint Albans, (B4) 6,381 (D8) 100 (CS) 140 West Milton (B5) 100 (B5) 100 Jay, (E4) ^513 (G4) 110 North Tunbridge, Saint Albans Bay, South Royalton, Union Village. (E8) 180 Westminster Franklin, (C4).... ■1,108 Jeffersonvillc, (C5) 550 Morristown, (DS). . 200 (E8) 500 (B4) 110 (E8) 1,100 Vergennes, (37 ) . . . 1 ,483 (Ell) ■l 327 Gallup Mills, (G5) 100 Jericho, (C6) ^1,307 Morrisville, (D5).. 1,445 North Williston, Saint Johnsbury, South Ryegate, (F7) 373 Vernon, (D12) ■SOS Westminster Station ' Gassetts, (DIO)... 100 Jericho Center, (C6) 275 Moscow, (D6) 130 (B6) 550 (G6) 6,593 South Shaftsbury, Vershire, (E8) ^448 (DID ' 200 Gaysville, (D8)... 550 Johnson, (D5) 551 Mount Holly, North Wolcott, (E5) 170 Saint Johnsbury (312) 500 Victory, (G6). ...■206 Westm inster" West' Georgia, (B5).... ■1,090 Jonesville, (C6) . . . . 200 (CIO) ^871 Norton Mills, (G4) ISO Center, (G6) ... . 300 South Starksboro, Waitsfield, (C7). . . ^709 (DID ' 250 Georgia Plain, (B5) 150 Lake, (G4) 130 Newark, (G5) ^415 Norwich, (E9) ^1,252 Saint Johnsbury (B7) 100 Waits River, (E7). . ISO Westmore"(G4)" ' ^331 Glen, (C9) 150 Lake Dunmore, Newbury, (F7) 412 Orange, (E7) ^644 East, (G6) 150 South Strafford, Walden, (F5) ^739 West Newbury ('f?) 100 Glover, (F5) ^932 (B8) 100 Newfane, (DI2). . . 136 Orleans, (F4) 1,131 Salisbury, (B8) ^693 (E8) 350 Wallingford, Weston (CIO) ^632 Goshen, (C8) ^212 Lanesboro, (E6). . . 100 New Haven, (B7) •1,151 Orwell, (A8) ^1,055 Sandgate, (BID. . . ^401 South Vernon, (D13) 200 (CIO) ^1,719 West Pawlet (BIO) 900 Grafton, (DID "729 Larrabees Point, New Haven Mills, Panton, (A7) "345 Saxtons River, South Walden, (E6) 200 Wallispond, (H4) . . 140 West Rupert' (All) 300 Granby, (H5) ^95 (A8) 100 (B7) 400 Passumpsic, (G6) . . 250 (DID 1,000 South Wallingford, Wardsboro, (D1D*559 W. Rutland '(39) "3 427 Grand Isle, (AS)... ^839 Leicester, (B8). ... "479 Newport, (F4). .. .2,548 Pawlet, (BIO). .. .^1,959 Searsburg, (C12)..^142 (CIO) 200 Warren, (C7) ^825 West Topsham (E7) '375 Graniteville, (D7).. 400 Leicester June, (B8) 325 Newport Center, Peacham, {F5) ^777 Shaftsburg, (BID ^1,650 South Wardsboro, Washington, (E7). . ^762 West Townshend Granville, (C8) .... ^464 Lemington, (H4).. . ^138 (E4) 250 Perkinsville, (DIO) 600 Sharon, (E8) ^585 (DU) 100 Waterbury, (D5). . 1,377 (DID ' 125 Green River, (D12) 200 Lincoln, (C7) "980 North Bennington, Peru, (CI 1) ^242 Sheffield, (F5)....^691 South Wheelock, Waterbury Center, W Ward's'boro' (Cl'l) 150 Greensboro, (E5).. "931 Londonderry, (DID "952 (312) 663 Pittsfield, (C8). . . . ^402 Shelbume, (B6). .■1,097 (F5) 100 (D5) 500 W Woodstock' (D9) 100 Greensboro Bend, Lowell, (E4) '1M6 North Calais, (E6) 150 Pittsford, (C9). . .^2,479 Sheldon, (C4). .. .■1,246 South Wbitingham, Waterford, (05). . . ^629 Weybridge (37) ^494 (F5) 300 Lower Cabot, (E6) 250 North Clarendon, Pittsford Mills, (C9) 400 Sheldon Springs, (C12) 100 Waterville, (D5). . .^485 Wheelock (FS) "■500 Groton, (F7) ■915 Lower Watetford, (C9) 200 Plainfield, (E6)... 388 (34) 110 South Windham, Weathersfield, White Ri'ver Junc- Guildhall, (HS)..."445 (G6) 100 North Craftsbury, Pleasant Valley, Sherburne, (C9) ... ^409 (DID 100 (ElO) ■1,092 tion (E9) 2500 Guilford, (D12)...^769 Ludlow, (DIO). ... 1,621 (ES) 425 (C5) 100 Shoreham, {A8). .^1,098 South Woodbury, Websterville. (D7) 100 Whiting, (38) ■348 Halifax, (D12). . . . ■635 Lunenburg. (H6)..^880 North DanviUe, Plymouth, (D9). .. •482 Shoreham Center, (E6) 100 Wells, (BIO) ^569 Wbitingham, (C12) 300 Hancock, (C8) . . . . ^287 Lyndon, (FS) 960 (F5) 250 Plymouth Union, (A8) 400 South Woodstock, Wells River, (F7). . 508 Wilder, (E9) 370 Hanksville, (C6)... 100 Lyndon Center, (FS) 259 North Duxbury, (D9) 200 Shrewsbury, (C9). . ^751 (D9) 100 West Arlington, Williamstown, Hardwick, (E6).. .2,094 Lyndonville, (G5). . 1,573 (C6) 150 Pomfret, (D9) "703 South Albany, Springfield, (DlO) 3,250 (BID 200 (D7) ■1726 Hartford, (E9)... •4, 179 Mclndoe Falls, (F6) 400 North Fairfax, (B4) 100 Pompanoosuc, (E8) ISO (ES) 150 Stamford, (312). .. •SIO West Bamet, (F5) 300 Williamsville Hartland, (E9). ."1,315 Manchester, :311) 478 North Ferrisburg, Post Mills, (E8) .. . 250 South Barre, (D7) 300 Stannard, (F5) . . . . ^205 West Berkshire, (DI2) 400 Hartland Four Com- Manchester Center, (35) 850 Poultney, (39) 1,474 South Burlington, Starksboro, (37). .. ■835 (D4) 300 Williston, (B6)" "■I 000 ers, (E9) 150 (BID 700 Northfield, (D7). . .1,918 Pownal, (B12) ^1,599 (35) ^927 Stevens Mills, (D4) 130 West Berlin, (D7). . 520 Willoughby (FS) 'lOO Harvey, (F6) 100 Manchester Depot, Northfield Falls, Proctor, (C9) 2,756 South Cabot, (F6) 250 Stockbridge, (D8) ^737 West Bolton, (C6) 180 Wilmington, (C12) 430 Heartwellville, (BI2) 200 (311) 760 (D7) 200 Proctorsville, (DIO) 575 South Danville, (F5) 150 Stowe, (D5) 566 West Brattleboro, Windham. (DID ^345 Highgate, (34). ..^1,758 Marlboro, (D12)..^442 North Hartland, Putnamville, (D6) 100 South'Dorset, (BID 100 Strafford, (E8) ^776 (D12) 500 Windsor (ElO) 1906 Highgate Center, Marshfield, (E4). .■1,011 (E9) 150 Putney, (D12). ... ^788 South Hero, (AS). . ■505 Stratton, (DID. . . . ^86 W. Bridgewater, (D9)2S0 Winooski, (36)" "4'520 (C4) 600 Mendon, (C9) ■321 North Hero, (A4) .. ^496 Quechee, (E9) 300 South Lincoln, (C7) 200 Sudbury, (B8)....^415 W. Brookfield, (D7) ISO Wolcott, (E5) "■1049 Highgate Springs, Middlebury, (B7). . 1,866 North Hyde Park, Randolph, (D8).. .1,787 South Londonderry, Sunderland, (B1I)^494 West Burke, (OS). . 600 Woodbury (E6) "824 (B4) 200 Middlesex, (D6)... ^858 (D5) 500 Randolph Center, (Cll) 500 Sutton, (G5) ^711 W. Charleston, (F4) 600 Woodford (B12J "■187 Hinesburg, (35)... 242 Middletown Springs, North Montpelier, (D8) 200 South Lunenburg, Swanton, (B4) 1,236 W. Cornwall, (B8) 210 Woodstock, (E9) 1383 Holden, (C9) 100 (BIO) ■716 (E6) 400 RawsonviUe, (Cll) 100 (H6) 350 TafUvUle, (E9).., 300 West Danville, (F5) 400 Worcester, (D5) ..',' "584 VIRGINIA Abbie, (B6) 130 Brandy Statioi, Claremont, (K5) . . . 630 East Falls Church, Gloucester Point, Isle of Wight, (K6) 100 McLean. (J2) 100 New Baltimore, Abingdon, (D2).., 1,757 (H3) 210 Clarendon. (J2). .. . 400 (J2) 1,000 (L5) 100 Ivanhoe, (A5) 500 Mabe, (32) 100 (H2) 100 Accomac, (M4) 720 Brentsville, (H!).. 100 Clarksville, (G6). . . 794 East Radford, (B5) 2,100 Goochland, (H4). . . 120 Ivor, (K6) 200 Machipongo, (MS) 100 Newbern, (B5) 160 Accotink, (J2) 100 Brewster. (C2)... 300 Clayville. (H5) 250 East Stone Gap, Goodes, (ES) 150 Ivy Depot, (F3). . . 150 Madison, (G3) 500 New Canton, (G4) 130 Achilles, (LS) 120 Bridgetown, (Mi). . 300 Clear Brook, (CD. . 100 (32) 397 Gordonsville, (G3) 564 Ivyview, (E5) 100 Magnet, (K6) 100 Newcastle, (C5). . . 733 Alberene, (F4).... 300 Bridgewater, lE3) 859 Cleveland. (C2)... 100 Eastview. (C6) . . . , 200 Goshen, (E4) 155 James Store, (LS) . . 100 Magnolia, (K6). .. . 100 New Church, (N4) 130 Aldie, (H2) 150 Brightwood, (Gl) . . 100 Clifford, (E4) 180 Eastville, (MS) ... . 322 Grace, (L5) 200 Jamesville, (M4) . . . 250 Major, (A6) 100 New Glasgow, (F4) 150 Alexandria, (K2) 15,329 Bristol, (C2) 6,247 Clifton Forge, Eastville SUtion, Grafton, (KS) 150 Jarralt, (J6) 180 Manakin, (H4). . . . 250 New Hope, (F3). . . 106 Alfredton, (Dl)... 100 BrUtow, (H2) 300 (D4) 5,748 (LS) 200 Graham, (AS) 1,917 Java, (E6) 280 Manassas, (J2). ... 1,217 New Kent, (J4). .. . 100 Alleghany Sta.. (C4) 100 Broadcreek. (L6;. . . 500 Clifton Station, (J2) 204 Edinburg, (F2) 574 Grahams Forge, (B6) 200 Jeffersonton, (H2). . 160 Maness, (32) ISO Newland, (K3) 120 AUisonia, (B6) 150 Broadway, (F2). , . 416 Clinchfield, (C2).. 400 Edom, (F2) 150 Granite, (H4) 180 Jetersville, (GS). . . 200 Mappsville, (N4). . 170 New Market. (F2) 638 Alma,(F2) 100 Brooke, (J3) 120 Clinchport, (32).. 252 Eggleston, (35)... 100 Gray, (J6) 200 Jones, (E6) 100 Marion, (D2). .. .2,727 New Point, (LS). . . 300 Almagro,(E6) 900 Brookneal, (F5). . , 504 Clintwood, (CI). . . 342 Elk Creek, (A6). . . 100 Greatbridge, (L5) . . 200 Jonesville, (A2) 383 Markham,{G2) 100 Newport, (CS) 200 AltaVista, (E5) 200 Brownsburg, (E4I . . 330 Clover, (F6) 258 Elkton, (F3) 873 Grcenbackville, (N3) 500 Joplin, (J2) 100 Marksville, (G2). . . 100 Newport News, Alum Ridge, (C6) . . ISO Browntown, (G2) . . 170 Cloverdale, (D5).. 100 Elliston, (CS) 300 Greenville, (E3). . . 350 Jordan Mines, (C4) 100 Marlboro, (Gl). .. . 100 (L5) 20,205 Amburg, (L4) 150 Bruce, (L6) 150 Cobbs Creek, (L4) 200 Elwood, (K6) 150 Gressitt, (KS) 300 Keezletown, (F3). . 200 Marshall, (H2). . . 280 New River Depot, Amelia, (HS) 440 Brucetown, (Gl).. 480 Coebum, (32).... 645 Emory, (D2) 180 Greta, (M4) 100 Keller, (M4) 200 Martinsville, (D6) 3,368 (35) 500 Amherst, (E4) 550 Buchanan, (D4) . , 792 Coke, (KS) 150 Emporia, (H6) 2,018 Gretna, (E6) 330 Kempsville, (L5).. 200 Marysville. (ES). . . 100 News Ferry. (E6) . . 170 Amissville, (G2) . . . 100 Buckhorn, (K6).., 150 Coles Ferry. (F6) . . 150 Enoch, (L4) 100 Grimstead, (LS). . . 300 Kenbridge, (G5) . . . 196 Maryus, (LS) 200 Newsoms. (J6) 150 Anchor. (K5) 200 Buckingham. (F4) 400 Collierstown. (D4) 400 Esmont, (F4) 500 Grottoes, (F3) 700 Keokee, (B2) 500 Massies Mill, (E4) 180 Newtown, (J4) ISO Appalachia, (32). .1,090 Buckroe Beach, (L5) 150 Colonial Beach, Esserville, (32)... 100 Grundy, (CI) 264 Keysville, (GS) 432 Mathews, (LS) 340 Nickelsville, (C2). . ISO Appomattox, (FS) 200 Buell, (L5) 250 (K3) 721 Ettricks, (JS) 500 Gwynn, (L4) 500 Kilmarnock, (L4) . . 400 Matoaca, (HS). . . . 780 Nimmo, (L6) 100 Areola, (J2) 100 Buena Vista, (H4) 3,245 Columbia, (G4)... 157 Everets, (K6) 100 Hale Ford, (DS). . . 110 King and Queen Maurertown, (F2) 120 Norfolk, (L6) 57,452 Ariington, (J2) 1,000 Buffalo Forge. (E4) 100 Concord Depot. Evington, (ES)... 100 Hales Mill. (C2). . . 120 Court House, (FS) 100 Max Meadows, (35) 750 North. (LS) 500 Arringdale. (J6)... 100 Burgess Store, (U) ISO (E5) 160 Exmore, (M4) 100 Hallieford. (L4)... 250 King George, (J3). . 100 Mcadowview, (D2) 100 North Emporia, Ashburn, (JD 220 Burkes Garden, Cooper, (K4) 100 Faber, (F4) 100 Halls Hill, (J2). .. . 400 King William, (J4) 100 Meadowville, (JS) 200 (H6) 600 Ashland, (J4) 1,324 (AS) 250 Copper Hill, (CS) . . 100 Fairfax, (J2) 413 Hallwood, (M4). . . 150 Kinsale, (K3) 110 Mechanicsburg, North Newport Atlantic, (M4).... 250 Burketown, (F3) . 100 Cornland, (L6). . . . 200 Fairfield, (E4) 180 Hamburg, (F2) 100 Konnarock, (D2). . 300 (B5) 97 News, (KS) 100 Anton, (D6) 100 Burkevillc, (GS). . 653 Coulwood, (CD... 280 Fairview, (B2).... ISO Hamilton, (HI).. 315 Lacey Spring, (F2) ISO Meherrin, (GS) 200 North Tazewell, Aylett, (J4) 150 Bushy, (L4) 100 Courtland, (J5) . . . . 283 Fairw ood, (A6), .. . 200 Hampden Sidney, Lacrosse, (G5) . . . . 281 Menchville, (KS). . 200 (Dl) 342 Azen,(D2) l.?0 Cabinpoint, (KS).. 120 Covesville, (F4)... 200 Falls Church, (J2) 1,128 (GS) 500 Lafayette, (CS)... 130 Mendota, (C2). . . . 200 Norton, (B2) 1,866 Bacons Castle. (KS) ISO Cadet, (32) 200 Covington, (D4).. 4,234 Falls Mills, (AS). . . 130 Hampton, (L5)... 5,505 Lancaster, (L4)... 200 Merrimac Mines, Norwood, (F4) 180 Ballston, (J2) 800 Callaghan, (C4). .. 100 Craigsville, (E3) . . . 150 Falmouth, (H3) . . 300 Hanover, (J4) 100 Land, (L6) 100 (C5) 100 Nottoway. (G5). . . 220 Banner, (C2) 100 Callands, (D6) . . . . 150 Ctewc, (G5) 1,802 Farley, (05) ISO Harborton, (M4).. 350 Lanesville, (K4) . . . 120 Messick, (L5) 500 Nunley, (C2) 150 Barhamsville, (KS) 250 Calverton, (H2)... 100 Cricket Hill, (LS) . 180 Farmville, (GS)... 2,971 Harmony Village, Langley, (J2) 110 Meyer, (CD 100 Nurneysville, (K6) 100 Barton Heights, Cambria, (CS).... 535 Cripple Creek, (A6) 200 Fayerdale, (C5)... ISO (L4) 150 Lantz Mills, (F2). . 120 Middlebrook, (E3) 370 Nuttsville, (L4)... 100 (J4) 1,388 Cape Charles, (LS) 1,948 Crittenden, (K6).. 800 Fentress, (L5) 250 Harpersville, (LS). . 800 Laurel Grove, (E6) 250 Middleburg, (H2). . 253 Occoquan, (J2) 246 Basic City, (F3)... 1,632 Cape Henry, (M6) 200 Crockett. (A5) 200 Fincastle. (D4) 479 Harris Grove. (KS) 300 Lawrenceville, (H6) 1,733 Middletown, (G 1 ). . 353 Oceanview, (L6) . . . 800 Baskerville, (G5).. 110 Capeville, (MS)... 100 Crozet, (F3) 280 Fishersville, (F3).. 100 Harrisonburg, (F3) 4,879 Leatherwood, (D5) 100 Midlothbn, (H4). . 370 Odd, (LS) 200' Bay Port, (K4).... 150 Cappahosic, (KS). , 200 Culpeper, (G3). ... 1,795 Flake, (J6) 200 Hartsock, (C2). . . . 100 Lebanon, (C2).... 366 Milford. (J3) 100 Old Church, (J4). . 100 Bealeton, (H2).... 250 Capron, (J6) 150 Cumberland, (G5) 100 Flint Hill, (G2). .. . 240 Havelock, (K3).. . . 100 Leehall, (KS) 100 Millboro, (D4) . . . . 110 Oldtown, (36).... 100 Beamon,(K6) 100 Cardinal, (LS) 100 Damascus, (D2). .. 1,299 Floyd, (C6) 359 Hayes Store, (KS). . ISO Lee Mont, (M4) .. . 200 Millcnbecfc. (K4). . 100 Olinger, (32) 100 Bedford City, (D5) 2,508 Carlin, (H3) ISO Dandy, (L5) 200 Ford, (HS) 200 Haymarket, (H2). . 162 Leesburg, (HI). ... 1,597 Miller School. (F4) 300 Omega, (F6) 130 Bedford Springs, CarroUton, (K5) . . . 100 Dante, (C2) 800 Fordwick. (E3). . . . 600 Hazel, (C2) 130 Lester Manor. (K4) 100 Millwood, (G I) 480 On,incock, (M4). .. 1,001 (ES) ISO Carrsville, (K5)... 150 Danville, (E5). .. 19,020 Forest Depot, (E5) 110 Hearing, (L6) 100 Lewinsville, (J2).. 120 Mineral, (H3) 86 Onley, (M4) 100 Belle Haven, (M4) 295 Cartersville, (G4) . . 240 Darbyville, (A2). . . 100 Forestville, (F2). . . 200 Heathsville, (L4) . . 200 Lexington, (E4). . .2,931 Minor, (K4) 110 Orange, (03) 674 Belspring, (BS) . . . 360 Cartwrights Wharf, Dare, (LS) 200 Fork Union, (G4). . 110 Hebron, (HS) 150 Lincoln. (HI) 200 Mobjack. (L5) 200 Orlean. (H2) 110 Bennettcreek, (L6) 100 (K6) 10) Davis Wharf, (M4) 100 Fort Blackmore, Heflin, (H3) 100 Linden. (G2) 120 Monaskon, (K4). . . 100 Osaka. (B2) 300 Bent Creek, (F4) . . 100 Cascade, (D6) 1') Dayton, (F3) 515 (32) 210 Hemlock, (CS) 100 Link, (L6) 100 Monterey, (D3) .. . 240 Oyster Point, (KS) 150 BentonvUle, (G2).. 200 Castlewood, (C2). . 1 ;J Deepcreek, (L6). . . 700 Fort Hunt, (K2). . . lOO Henry, (C5) 150 Linville, (F2) 230 Montpelier, (H4). . ISO Ozeana, (K4) 100 Bermuda Hundred, Catlett, (H2) I'O Delaplane, (H2). . . 100 Fort Myer, (J2). .. 1,000 Herald, (CD 100 Lithia. (DS) 100 Montross. (K3)... 400 Paeonian Springs, (JS) 130 Cave Spring. (CS) 1(0 Delt.aville. (L4). . . . 700 Fortress Monroe, Herbert, (L6) 100 Litwalton, (K4)... 100 Montvale, (DS)... 200 (HI) 120 Berry ville, (Gl)... 875 Cedar Bluff, (Dl). . 2iO Denbigh, (KS). .. . 400 (LS) 1,804 Herndon, (J2) 802 Lively, (L4) 100 Moonlight. (KS). . . 100 Painter. (M4) 300 Big Island. (E4)... 230 Center Cross, (K4) 100 Dendron, (KS). .. .1,653 Fosters Falls, (B6) 300 Hickory, (L5) 150 Locust Creek, (H4) 130 Moorings, (KS). .. . 350 Palmer, (L4) 200 Big Stone Gap, Chance, (K3) lOO Dexter, (C2) 100 Fox Hill, (LS) 700 Hicks Wharf, (L5) 290 Locust Dale, (G3). . 130 Morattico, (K4). . . 200 Palmyra, (G4) 190 (B2) 2,590 Charles City, (KS) 100 Dillwyn, (G4) 110 Franklin, (K5) 2,271 Highland Park, Locust Hill, (K4). . 100 Morrison, (KS) 500 Pamplin, (F5) 168 Birdsnest, (MS)... ISO Charlotte, (FS). .. . 3!9 Dinwiddle, (H5). . . 130 Franklin City, (J4) 1,817 Locustville, {M4) . . 180 Mossy Creek, (E3) 100 Paris, (H2) 180 Blackey, (Dl) ISO Charlottesville, Disputanta, (JS). . . 120 (N3) 200 Hillsboro. (HI). . . . 138 Lodi, (D2) 150 Mount Clinton, (F3) 200 Parksley, (M4). . . . 500 Blacksburg, (CS).. 875 (G3) 5,765 Dogue, (J3) 100 Franktown, (MS). . 300 Hillsville, (B5). . . . 288 Londonbridge, (L5) 100 Mount Crawford. Pearisburg. (BS) . . . 470 Blackstone. (HS).. 1,486 Chase City, (06). . 1,6<,2 Doran, (Dl) 100 Fredericksburg. Hiltons, (C2) 100 Loneoak, (D6). . . . 150 (F3) 228 Peers, (H4) 200 Blackwood, (32).. 200 Chatham, (E6). ... 1,113 Dorchester, (32).. ISO (J3) 5,874 Holladay, (H3) 100 Long Glade, (E3) . , 100 Mount Jackson, Pembroke, (B5). . . 100 Blairs, (JS) 250 Chatham Hill, (D2) KW Downings, (K4) . . . 150 Fredericks Hall, Holland, (K6) 236 Lorton, J2) 150 (F2) 479 Pennington Gap, > Blakes, (L5) 150 Che.aden, (K4). . . . 100 Drakes Branch, (H4) 140 Holstein Mills, (D2) 500 Lot, (L4) 130 Mount Laurel, (F5) 100 (A2) 792 Bland, (AS) 247 Cheriton, (LS).... 150 (F6) 703 Fries, (A6) 1,775 Homer, (C2) 100 Lotus, (C2) 200 Mount Sidney, (F3) 221 Petersburg, (HS) 24,127 Blossom Hill, (L6) 100 Cherrydale, (J2). . . 200 Dranesville, (Jl).. 150 Front Royal, (G2) 1,133 Howaker, (CD. . . . 859 Louisa, (H3) 172 Mount Solon. (E3) 160 Philomont. (HI). . . 160 Blo.xom. (M4) 130 Chester, (JS) 240 Drewryville, (J5) . . 120 FugatesHill, (C2) 150 Hopkins, (M4) 100 Lovettsville, (HI). . 192 Mulberry Island, Phoebus. (LS) 2,394 Bluemont, (HI).... 200 Chesterfield. (H5). . 100 Driver, (K5) 200 Gainesville, (H2). . 140 Horntown, (N4). . . 200 Lovingston, (F4). . 360 (KS) 350 Pilot, (CS) 100 Bluff City, (35). . 100 Chestnutfork, (ES) 130 Dryden, (B2) 100 Galax, (36) 755 Hot Springs, (D4). . 1,000 Lowraoor, (D4). ... 1,000 Munden, (M5). . . . 100 Pinners, (L5) 1,500 Boaz, (K6) 100 Chilhowie, (D2). .. 300 Dryfork, (E6) 119 Gate City, (32). . . 599 Houston, (F6) 516 Lowry, (E5) 100 Narrows, (BS) 975 Plainview, (K4). . . 150 Boissevain, (AS)... 200 Chincoteague Island, Dublin, (35) 350 Genito, (HS) 200 Howardsville, (F4) 300 Lunenburg, (G6).. 130 Nassawadox, (MS) 200 Pleasant Ridge, Bondtown, (B2) . . . 305 (N4) 1,419 Duffield. (32) 122 "tertie, (L5) 250 Hudgins, (LS) 100 Luray, (02) 1,218 National Soldiers (M6) 100 Boscobel. (H4) . . . . 100 Christiansburg, Dumfries. (J2). .. . 158 '•• -.ilmerton. (L6). . . 600 Independence, (A6) 190 Lynchburg, (ES). .29,494 Home, (LS). .. .3,800 Plumpoint, (K4). . . 100 Bowers Hill, (L6) . . 100 (C5) 1568 Dungannon, (32). . 200 G'ade Spring, (D2) 324 Indian, (Dl) 130 Lynch Station, (E5) 100 Natural Bridge. (D4) 100 Pocahontas. (A5). .2,452 Bowling Green, (J3) 433 Chuckatuck, (K6) 100 Dunnsville, (K4).. 200 Ghmorgan, (31).. ISO Indiancreek, (L6). . 250 Lynhams, (L4). . . . 200 Natural Bridge Poolville, (F6) 100 Boyce, (Gl) 300 Churchland, (L6). . I.OOO Dutton. (L5) 100 Glagow,(E4) 407 Indian Rock, (D4) 100 Lynnhaven, (L5).. 300 Station, (D4) 100 Poquoson, (LS) 500 Boydton, (06).... 421 Church Road, (H5) 1.S0 Eagle Rock, (D4). . 500 Glei carlyn, (J2). . . 150 Iron Gate, (D4). . . 600 McDowell, (D3). . 139 Nealy Ridge. (CD 100 Port Norfolk, (L5) 1,200 Bovkins, (J5) SOS Churchville, (E3). . 250 Earlehurst, (C4),. 100 Glei. Wilton, (D4) 300 Irvington, (L4).. .1,000 McGaheysville, (E3) 400 Nelwood, (HS). . . . ISO Port Republic, (F3) 190 Branchville, (J5) . . 239 Citypoint, (JS). . . . 490 Earnest. CL5) 100 Gloucester, (K5). . 200 Islandford, (F3) . . . 250 McHoIt, (F6) 150 Nest, (KS) 100 Port Royal, (J3). . . 194 378 (viRGiNiA-wASHiNGTON-wEST VIRGINIA) INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES Portsmouth. (L6) 33.190 Potomac, (J2) 559 Pound, (Bl) 200 Pounding Mill. (Dl) 100 Powhatan, (H4)... 250 Preacher, (B2).,.. 300 Prince, (K4) 100 Prince George, (IS) 100 Princess Anne, (L5) 300 Prospect. (FS) 150 Pughs. (L6) 200 Pulaski, (B5) 4,807 Pungoteague. (M4) 400 Purcellvillc, (HI)., 388 Quantico. (J2).... 120 Quicksburg. (F2).. 100 Radford, (B5) 4.202 Ramble. (F6) 350 Ransons, (F4) 300 Raphine. (E4) 220 Rapidan, (G3) 300 Rappahannock Academy, (J3).. 140 Raven. (Dl) : 100 Rawlings, (H6)... 300 Rcctortown. {H2),. 110 Red Hill. (F4) 100 Reed Island. (B6) 100 Reedville. (L4).... 900 ReidsFcrry, (K6).. 100 Rclee, (J2) 300 Remington, (H2).. 251 Renovillc. (L6) 200 Richlands. (Dl)... 743 RICHMOND, (J4) 127,628 Ridgeway, (D6)... 393 Riner, (CS) 250 Ringgold. (E6).... 120 Riverton. (02) 700 Riverville. (F4).... 200 Roanoke, (D5). . .34,874 Roaringfork, (Bl) 100 Rockbridge Baths, (E4) 100 Rockingham. (F3) 100 Rockymount, (D5) 957 Roe, (D2) 100 Rosslyn, (J2) 500 Round HiU, (HI).. 379 Ruckersville. (03) 200 Rural Retreat. (A5) 1.000 Rushmere. (K5). .. 150 Rustberg. (ES).... 300 Rye Cove, {B2)... 100 Saint Paul. (C2)... 500 Salem. (C5) 3.849 Saltville. (D2) 1.628 Saluda, (K4) 250 Samos, (K4) 100 Sangerville, (E3).. 150 Saxis, (M4) 700 School. (J4) 300 Schoolfield, (E6). ..3.500 Scottsburg. (F6)... 360 Scottsville. (G4)... 283 Seaford, (L5) 500 Seaview. (M5) 100 Seven Mile Ford. (D2) 110 Severn. (L5) 200 Sewalls Point, (L6) 300 Shackletords, (K4) 120 Sharps, (K4) 200 Sheuandoah, (F3) 1,431 Shendun, (F3).... 456 Shiloh. (J3) 100 Shipman. (F4) 180 Simmonsville. (C5) 100 Simplicity, (05). . . 500 Sinai, (F5) 500 Singer Glen, (F2).. 110 Skippers. (J6) 120 Smithfield. (K6)... 1.278 Snowville, (B5) 300 Somerset. (G3) 100 Somerton. (K6) 250 South Boston, (F6) 3.516 South Hill. (G5)... 732 Spencer. (D6) 150 Sperryville, (G2). . 400 Spotsylvania, (H3) 100 Springcreek, (E3).. 200 Spring Valley, (A5) 100 Springwood, (D4). . 100 Stafford, (J3) 100 Stanardsville, (03) 350 Stanley, (G2) 218 Starcave, (B5) 200 Staunton, (E3) ... 10,604 Stephens City, (Gl) 483 Stevensville. (K4)., 100 Stoncga, (B2) 250 Stony Creek, 06).. 200 Stop, (H5) 100 Strasburg, (02)... 762 Strasburg Junction, (02) 150 Streets, (K4) 100 Stuart, (C6) 388 Suffolk, (K6) 7.008' Sumerduck, (H3).. 100 Sunbeam, (J6) 100 Surry, (K5) 240 Susan, (L5 ) 300 Sussex, (J6) 100 Sutheriin, (E6) 100 Swansboro, (H4).. 140 Sweet Briar. (E4). . 100 Swetman. (J2) 100 Swords Creek. (Dl) 200 Sylvatus, (B5) 100 Syringa, (L4) 100 Tacoma. (B2) 169 Tampico, (L5) 500 Tappahannock, (K4) 478 lazewell, (Dl).,.. 1.230 Temperanceville, (M4) 200 Tenso, (CI) 100 Theological Semi- nary, (J2) 200 The Plains, (H2)... 140 Timber Ridge, (E4) 160 Timberville. (F2).. 240 Toano. (K5) 1.200 Toms Brook. (02) 400 TomsCreek. (C2).. 700 Townsend, (L5)... 200 Trout Dale, (A6).. 431 TroutviUe, (DS)... 300 Truitt, (H5) 100 Tunstall. (J4) 160 Tuxedo. (L5) 100 Union Mills. (04).. 120 Unison. (HI) 100 Uppenille. (H2)... 296 Urbanna. (K4).... 475 Vesuvius, (E4).... 200 Victoria, (G5) 582 Vienna, U2) 578 Vine. (L6) 100 Vinton, (D5) 1,928 Virgilina, (F5).... 270 Virginia Beach, (M6) 320 Virginia City. (C2) 250 Wachapreague. (M4) 485 Wades. (E5) 120 Wadesville, (01).. ISO Wakcheld. (J6) 570 Waldrop. (03) 100 Wallace. (C2) 250 Wardlown. (M4). . 100 Warm Springs. (D4) 500 Warrenton, (H2), .1,427 Warsaw, (K4) 200 Washington, (02).. 235 Waterford, (HI)... 331 Waterloo, (H2) 100 WaterView. (K4).. 150 Waverly. (JS) 1,054 Waynesboro, (F3). .1,389 Weenis, (L4) 150 West Hope, (J6)... 100 West Norfolk, (L6) 1,200 Westpoint, (K4). . .1 39 Whaleyvillc, (K6).. '401 White Marsh. (KS) Ui White Post. (01), . 30 WhiteSt«ne. (L4).. 35 Whitmell, (D6) 20 Wicomico, (KS).. . 10 Widewater, (J3). . . 10 Wiehle, (J2) 7 Willcox Uharf, (J5) 13 Williamsburg, (K5) 2.71 Willis. (C6) 10 Willis Wharf. (M4) 20 Winchester. (01).. 5.86 Windsor. (K5) 32. Winterix>ck. (H5).. 70 Wise. (B2) ' 80 Woodbridge, (J2).. lli Woodstock. (F2)..l,31 Woodville. (G2)... 10 Wren. (FS) 15i Wylliesburg. (F6).. ISi Wyndale. (C2) 10' Wytheville. (A6)..3,05 Vorktown. (KS)... 13< Zuni, (K6) 201 WASHINGTON Aberdeen, (C4).... 13,660 Acme, (Fl) 200 Addy, (P2) 300 Adelaide, (F4) 130 Adna, (DS) ISO Albion, (Q5) 300 Alder, (FS). 100 Almira, (N3) 368 Almota, (Q5) 100 Aloha, (B4) 130 Altoona, (C5) 100 Amboy, (T7) 150 Anacortes, (Fl) 4,168 Anatone, (Q6) 170 Arden, (P2) 100 Arlington, (F2) 1,476 Ashford, (05) 130 Asotin, (Q6) 820 Attalia, (N6) 150 Auburn, (F4) 957 Avon, (F2) 300 Baird, (L3) 100 Baker, (01) 100 Barneston, (04)... 110 Battleground, (E7). 180 Bay Center, (B5).. 110 Bayne, (04) 250 Bay View, (F2) 170 Beach, (El) 110 Belfast, (Fl) 200 Bellinghara, (El).. 24,298 Berlin, (H3) 150 Bickleton, (K7)... 150 Biglake, (F2) 300 Bismarck, {F4) 100 Black Diamond, (F4)... 800 Blaine, (El) 2,289 Blockhouse, (J7)... 100 Bluecreek, (P2)... 100 Bluestera, (03) 150 Bogachiel, (B3)... 100 Bordeaux, (DS)... 300 Bossburg, (PI) 240 Bothell, (F3) 599 Bow, (Fl)... 100 Bremerton, (E3)... 2,993 Brewster, (L2) 296 Bridgeport, (L2)... 431 Brinnon, (E3) 250 Brush Prairie, (F7). 100 Bry,int. (F2) 100 BrynMawr. (F4).. 200 Buckeye, ((33) 100 Buckley, (04) 1,272 Bucoda, (ES) 400 Burlington, (Fl)... 1,302 Burnett, (G4) 200 Burton, (F4) 100 Camano, (£2) 150 Camas, (T?) 1,155 Carbonado, (04).. 850 CarroUton, (E5)... 100 Carson, (G7) 250 Cashmere, (J4) 625 Castlerock, (E6).. 998 Cathlamet, (D6).. 352 Catlin, (E6) 200 Center, (E3) 175 Centerville, (J7)... 200 Centralia, (ES) 7,311 Charleston, (E3)... 1,062 Ch.ittaroy, (03)... 100 Chehalis, (ES) 4,507 Chelan, (L3) 682 Chelan Falls, (K3). 50 Cheney, (P4) 1,207 Chenowith, (07)... 100 Cherryvalley, (03). 120 Chesaw, (Ml) 2S0 Chewelah, (P2)... 823 Chico, (E3). 100 Chinook, (C6) 500 Chlkm, (B2) 40 Clarkston, ((J6) 1,257 Clayton, (P3) 300 Clearlake, (F2) 120 CleElum, 04) 2,749 Cleveland, (K7)... 150 Cloquallum, (D4).. 100 Cloveriand, (Q6).. 100 Colby, (F3) 100 Colfax, (OS) 2,783 College Place, (06). 200 Colton, (QS) 393 ColviUe, (PI) 1,512 ConconuUy, (LI).. 357 Concrete, (02) 945 ConneU, (N5) 750 Conway, (F2) 130 Cosmopolis, (CS) __^1,132 Coulee City, (M3)..' 276 CoupeviUe, (E2)... 310 Covello, (P6) 100 Covington, (F4)... 100 Covle, (E3) 100 Creosote, (E3) 200 Creston, (03) 308 Cunningham, (NS). 153 Curlew, (Nl) 100 Cusick, (02) 100 Custer, (El) 120 Daisy, (02) 100 Darrington, (02).. 200 Davenport, (03)... 1,229 D,ayton. (P6) 2,389 Deep River, (C6).. 200 Deer Park, (P3)... 87S Deertrail, (02) 100 Deming, (Fl) 100 Des Moines, (F4).. 350 Dewatto, (E4) 60 Dixie, (06) 300 Dockton,(F4) 200 Downs, (04) 125 Dryad, (DS) 300 Dungeness, (D2).. ISO Dupont, (E4) 300 Eagle Gorge, (G4). 100 Earlington, (F4)... 300 Easton, (H4) 100 East Seattle, (F3).. 300 Eastsound, (ED... 100 EatonvUle, (F5)... 754 Edgecomb, (F2)... 100 Edison. (Fl) 300 Edmonds. (F3) 1,114 Edwall, (P4) 300 Elbe, (F5) 130 Elberton, (Q5) 330 Electron, (FS) 200 Elk, (Q2) 500 Ellensburg, 05)-.. 4,209 Elma, (DS) 1,532 Eltopia, (M6) 200 Endicott, (PS) 474 Entiat, (K3) 180 Enumclaw, (G4)... 500 Ephrata, (L4) 323 Eureka, (N6) 100 Evans, (PI) 100 Everett, (F3) 24,814 Everson, (Fl) 250 FairOeld, (Q4) 308 Fall Citv, (03) 400 Farmington, (Q4).. 489 Ferndale, (El) 691 Fern Hill, (F4) 1,000 Fir, (F2) 110 Fisher, (F7) 100 Florence, (F2) 150 FortSimcoe. (J6).. 150 Fort Steilacoom, (E4) 1,100 Foster. (F4) 340 Frances. (D5) 200 Franklin, (04) 275 Travel, (Fl) 200 Freeman, (Q3) 200 Friday Harbor, (D2) 400 Garfield, (Q4) 932 Gate, (DS) 150 Georgetown, (F3).. 260 Getchell. (F2) 100 Gig Harbor, (E4).. 200 Godfrey, (01) 100 Goldbar, (03) 100 Go!dendale,(J7)... 1,203 Goshen, (Fl) 100 Govan, (N3) 140 Granjview, (L6).., 320 Granger, (K6) 453 Granite Falls, (02). 714 Grays River, (C6).. 100 Hamilton, (01)... 405 Hanford, (LS) 300 Harper, (E4) 275 Harrington. (04).. 661 Hartford, (F2) 250 Hartline, (M3) 237 Harvey, (02) 100 H.itton, (N5) 161 H.izard, (P3) 170 Hazel, (02) 100 Hillyard, (Q3) 3,276 Hockinson, (F7)... 100 Hoodsport. (D4)... 65 Hooper, (05) 100 Hoquiam, (C4) 8,171 Hot Springs, (04).. 45 Houghton. (F3)... 100 Humptulips, (C4).. 80 Hunters. (02) 100 Huntsville. (06)... 230 Ilwaco. (B6) 664 Index. (03) 417 Inglewood, (F3)..- 200 lone, (Ql) 634 Issaquah, (F3) 628 Johnson, (Q5) 200 Jorden, (F2)_ 100 Kahlotus, (N5) 132 Kalama, (E6) 816 Kamilche, (D4) 480 Kanaskat, (04)... 100 Kapowsin, (F5)-.. 350 Keller, (N2) 100 Kelso, (E6) 2,039 Kendall, (Fl) 160 Kenmore. (F3) 100 Kennewick, (M6).. 1,219 Kennydale, (F3)... 500 Kent, (F4) 1,908 Kerriston, (G4) 350 Kettle Falls, (01).. 377 Kiona, (L6) 275 Kirkland, (F3) 532 Knappton, (C6) 140 Krupp, (M4) 100 La Center, (E7)... 300 Lacey, (E4) 100 La Conner, (F2)... 603 Lacrosse, (PS) 350 Lakeside, (K3) 222 Lakeview, (E4) 100 Lamona, (04) 100 Langley, (F2) ISO La Push, (A3) 240 Larson, (Fl) 150 Latah, (Q4) 339 Leavenworth, 03). 1,551 Lebarn, (C5) 400 Leland, (E3) 100 Lester, (H4) 300 Lind,(N5) 831 Little Falls, (D6).. 631 Littlerock, (ES)... 300 Lochsloy, tG2) 300 Longbeach, (B6).. 200 Loomis, (LI) 475 Loon Lake, (P2)... 190 Lopez. (El) 200 Lowell. (F3) 600 Lyle, (H7). 150 Lyman, (Fl) 441 Lynden.(Fl) 1,148 McMillin, (F4) 130 McMurray, (F2)... 300 Mabton, (K6) 666 Machias, (03) 130 Maiden, (P4) 350 Maltby, (F3) 160 Manette, (E3) 200 Maple Falls, (Gl).. 200 Maplevalley, (04). 100 Marcus, (01) ISO Marietta, (Fl) 150 MarshiU. (P3) 100 MarysvUle. (F2)... 1,239 Matlock, (D4) 100 Mead, (Q3) 150 Medical Lake, (P3). 1,730 Melbourne, (CS).. 100 Melraont, (04) ISO Meridian, (E4) 120 Meyers Falls, (01). 450 Mica, (Q3) 100 Milan, (Q3) 100 Miles, (03) 230 Milltown, (F2) 200 Milton, (F4) 448 Moclips, (B4) 150 Mohler, (04) 100 Monohan. (F3) 150 Monroe, (03) 1,552 Montborne, (F2).. 100 Montecristo, (H3). 31 Montesano,(C5)... 2,488 Mounthope, (Q4).. 100 Mount Vernon, (F2)2,381 Mukilteo, (F3) 100 Myrtle, (C2) 350 Nahcotta, (B6) 100 Napavine, (ES)... 320 NeahBay, (A2)... 400 Newcastle, (F3)... 550 Newport, (Q2) 1,199 NewtoD, (B4) 100 Nighthawk, (LI).. 100 Nooksack, (Fl)... 100 Northbend, (03).. 299 Northport, (PI)... 476 North \akima, (KS) 14,082 Oakesdale, (Q4)... 882 Oak Harbor. (E2).. 200 Oakville. (DS) 465 Ocosta, (B5) 127 Odessa, (N4) 885 Okanogan. (L2)... 611 Olalla. (E4) 100 0LYMPIA,(D4).. 6,996 Omak, (L2) 250 Opportunity, ... 1,458 Branchland, (B4). . 500 Brandonville, (01) 96 Brandywine, (H3) 140 Bridgeport, (F2)... 577 Brighton, (B3).... 200 Bristol. (E2) 200 Brooklin. (E5).... ISO Brooklyn. (ED.... 527 Brown. (F2) 150 Bruceton, (01).... 116 Bruceton Mills, (01) 100 Buckeye, (F4) 150 Buckhannon, (F2) 2,225 Buckhorn. (02).... 300 Buffalo. (C3) 384 Bunker Hill. (K2).. 200 Burkes Garden. (D6) SOo Buriington. (J2).,. 100 Burner, (G3) 350 Burning Springs, (D2) 660 Burnsville. (E3)... 770 Burton, (Fl) 300 Byrnside, (C4).... 300 Cairo, (D2) 668 Caldwell, (F5).... 100 Camden on Gauley, (F4) 253 Cameron, (A3) 1,660 Cannelton. (D4)... 200 Canton, (E2) 100 Caperton, (E4).... 100 Capon Bridge, (K2) 213 Capon Springs, (J2) 11 Carbon, (D4) 300 Carbondale, (D4).. 700 Carlisle. (DS) 100 Cascade. (01) 200 Cashmere. (E6)... 100 Cass, (04) 496 Cassville, (FD.... 100 Cassville, (A4).... 457 Catawba, (Fl) 200 Cedar, (B5) ISO Cedargrovc, (D4).. 679 Cedarville, (E3)... 150 Center Point, (E2) 200 Centerville, (E2)... 113 Centerville, (A4).. 190 Central City, (A4) 2,800 Central Stat., (E2) 200 Ceredo, {A4) 1,215 Chaffee, (H2) 150 Chapmanville. (CS) 250 CHARLESTON, (C4) 22,996 Charles Town, (L2) 2.662 Chattaroy, (B5)... 500 Chelyan. (D4)... Cherry Run. (KD. Chester, (AD Christian, (CS)... Circlevillc, (H3). . Cirstville. (D.^)... Claremont, (D5). Clark. (F5) Clark, (D61 Clarksburg, (r2). Clator, (AJ) Clay, (D4) Clear Creek, (D5). Clendenin, (D4).. Cliff Top, (E5).., Clifton. (B2) Cliftv .E-n CiothitT, (05). . . . Coai.iiri-. (C4)... Coald..;c. (D6)... Coallon, ;GJ).... CoaJw.«d. (C6).. Coco. D4) Coketon. (02). . .. Colliers. rA2).... Concho. iDS). .. Confidence. (C3). Confio. (AI) Coopers. (D6) . . . . Copen. (E3) Coi», (B5). Comwallis. Co=^- '■■■' C." C,'- ■■. C.r Cn Cl: Crtwley, tES). . fn2). SOO Crescent, (D4)... 150 Cressmont, (D4). 3,184 Creston, (D3) 100 Crete, (B4) 110 Crisp, (D2) 100 Crow, IDS) 600 Crown Hill, (D4). 100 Crum. K'Ji) 155 Crysul. D6).... 9.201 Culloden. (B4)... 500 Curtic. (K4) 500 Dade, 'M) 150 Dalla». '\2) 81 S Dan.-. Ci) 490 D.i- ''=' .. 300 D 150 D^ :i. 100 D.T> 260 Da- I . 300 D.I 3,TO D..>' 350 Df^ii 180 Dc. 2.000 lA-. , 400 Di.i; 300 Di,: 200 Did 200 1;' 300 l>u 100 J.' , 25unkil)eth.(D2).... llkCiarden. (H2).. ijkhprn. (D6)....2 Ilk hurst. (D4).... iSkitis. (03) 5 Hlklick. (CS) fllkildge. (D4).... Iflkwater, (03) .... jLllamore. (F3) ■".llcnboro. (D2).... 'ilm-Grove. (A2)...l E.lmira, (E3) Elverton, (D4).... Einmons. (C4). . , . Eanis. (D5) Ejiterprise. (F2). . . E bacon, (E3) Eil;dale. (D4) E,hel, (CS) E igene. (B5) > Eureka. (D2)....' Evans, (C3) Evansville. (02). .. E\ferson. (F2) Fairbanks. (E3) . . . Fairmont, (F2)....9. Ftrview, od. (B3)... ■ aap, (Fl)... :.vill, (D6).... dnk. (H2). . . ;r.-. (G2) ....■) . -w, (D5).. ..isvUle, (D3).. nville. (Fl) JOO Hundred. (Fl).. . 557 100 Hunt. (D3) 200 281 HttntersviUe,(F4).. 300 100 HuntioKton, (B4) 31,161 200 Hurricane. (B4)... 422 200 Hutchinson, (F2). . 200 150 Huttonsville, (G3) 251 250 lacger. (C6) 370 300 Independence, (G2) 300 '•722 Indian Mills, (E5) 100 Kfltt Institute, /C4) 200 336^'- i wood. (K2) 150 500 i'\>na, (G2) 300 160 I'Jvdale, (D3) 236 160 j4^k. (E4) 100 500. J 1'cksonburg. (El) ■ 250 500 j'inclew. n!5._ (E3). pe (stand. (D2) 200 Jed;*- . (Fl) .._,;,>-. (B4) 250 Johnjaown, (F2)... (C5) 200 Jonef. Springs, (K2) \dotte.(B4).. 1,702 Junirti"8 Branch, (F2) 600 r Valley, (F3) 100 on, (B5). '.»-n, (L2),.. licton, (02). !''-onia, (D3). n, (B4) .ey, (D4>... jrd. (D4).. !^ng. (G3)... 'ood. (D4).. 300 300 (E?'». Junior;. (G3) Kableu»-u>, (L2). Kanawla, .'C*)._ 1.S0 150 200 200 ISO 190 100 130 100 100 150 435 100 300 1,300 -Kanawla Fallsfc (D4) 100 200 Kayforcl (D4). > •. ISO 600 Kay Mo«r, (D4). .. 500 500 Kearney^ville, (L2) .400 250 Kenova, (A4) 9-/iJ. 105 Kerens, {'i2) 100 100 Kermit, (35) 100 in, (H3) 149 Kerstetter, (H3)... 150 r. (US) 160 Keyser. Q2) 3,705 -.-s Ferry, (L2) 766 Keystone, (D6)... 2,047 -I'ille, (D2).. 608 Kilsyth, (D5) 730 .rd, (B3),... 358 Kimball. (C6) 1,630 aonsvUle,(H2l 100 Kimberly, (D4). . . . 200 -s Nest. (D4) 120 .Kincaid. (04) 300 Iwood. (H3).. 100 King, (El) 100 (E2) 100. Kingwood, (G2). 328 Kitchen, tKS). 280 Kyle, (D6) 280 Lanark, (DS) 300 Landgraff, (D6)... 286 Landlsburg. (ES).. Lanes Bottom. (E4) Laneville, (Hi). . Lansing, (D4) Lashmeet, 'D«)... Launa. (CS) Laurel Creek, (E5) Laurel Point, IFl) Lawsun, (D5). . . . Lawton, (E5)..,. Layland, (E5) 500 - 3.656 Layopolis. (E3).. .. 156 1 2,000 Lazearville, (A2).. 500 .^ysCove, (A2) 200 Leander, (E4| 200 (E3) . too Leatherwood. (A2/ 144 pen . (05) . . , 150 Lee Bell, (G3) 100 ,viVXe. (Kl).. ■5. (133) iia. (F'.J) hill. (Co,).... rson. (B.?)... icks. (G2), .. (D4) (H2) ton. (DS) (DS).... i«. (D6)... (D4) . (C3) 1,, fD51 F3)... 640 .Wl j'OO 100 700 too iOO i50 7ol 130 100 200 500 300 300 100 333 200 100 30O 130 100 100 500 Leetomi, (L2) 150 Leon, (C3).. 240 Lessie, (A3) 150 Lester, (DS) 500 Letart,(C3) 100 Lewisburg, (FS)... 803 Lewiston, (C4)..* 300 Liberty. (C3) 100 Little Bitch. (E3).. 100 Littleton, (El).... 712 Lizemores, (D4)... 500 Lochgelly, (D4)... 697 Lock Seven, (C4).. 170 Logan, (B5) 1,540 London, (D4) 200 Lone.jak, (C3) 100 Loneacre, (D4).. .. 250 Long Run. (E2)... 100 Lookout, (E41 240 Lost City, (J3).... 200 Lost Creek, (F2)... 150 LostRiver, (J3)... . 100 Lough, (D2) 2?0 L.)well, (ES) 120 Lowgap. (C4) 100 Lubeck, (C2) 180 Luraberport. (F2) . . 656 .McAlpin, (D5) 160 McComas, (D6)... lOO McCorkle, (C4)... 160 McDowell. (D6)... 1.500 McMechen. (A3).. 2,921 Mabcn, (DS) 100 Mabie. (F3) 300 Mabscott, (D5)... 561 Macdonald, (DS).. 1.153 Mace. (F4) 100 Madeline, (G3) 15l) Madison, (C4) 295 Mahan, (D4) 200 Maiden, (C4) 360 Mamie, (D3) 300 Mammoth, (D4).. 1,000 Mannington, (Fl) 2,672 Mf-tplcvvood. (E5).. 200 Mai iuold, (U4I 150 Mariiin, (El) 100 Marlinton, (F4)... 1,045 MarmeX. (C41 650 Marsha ■. (C3).... 100 Marshej. (DS).... 200 Marting D4) 400 Martinsb urg. (K2) 10,698 Marvel. >D4) 250 Mason, lsB2) 784 Mason Town. (Gl) 520 Masseys'.Hlle. (C5) 300 Matewanj. (US) 588 Matoaka., (D6) 150 May. (G3) 100 Maybeury , (D6). ..2,000 Maysel. y|>4) 100 Maysville.l (H2)... 150 Mcador, (BS) 190 Meadow BJufif. (E5) lOo Meadow Creek, (E5; ISO MeadowviDe, {G2) 130 Mi-rUet'n, ( M) .. 150 180 le, (E2) 546 . ':F2)... sort Middli.iv.iy. {K2).. 550 MidkiR,(B'i) 140 MiU Creek, (G3).. 740 Millvaie. (L2).... 150 Millwood. (03).... 350 Milton, (B4) 837 Minden, (DS) 100 Minerva, (B4J 400 Mink, (C4) 200 Minnora. (D3) 300 Moatsville, (G2)... 150 Mohawk. (C6).... 200 Mona, (Gl) 250 Monarch, (D4). ... 150 Monongah, (F2)... 2,084 Montana Mines, (Fl) 450 Monies, (G3) 250 Montgomery. (D4) 1,888 Montrose, (G2)... . 112 -Moore, (G2) 150 Moorefield. 02)... 646 "Morgansville: (E2) 300 Morgantown. (Gl) 9.150 Morfan, (G2) 200 Morocco. (E4) 130 Mossy. (D5) 130 Mound. (C4) 200 Moundsville. (A3) 8,918 Mt. Carbon. (D4).. 450 Mount Clare, {F2) 250 Mount Hope. (D5) 494 Ml Lookout, (E4) 150 Mount Ncbo, (E4) 200 Mucklow, (D4)... 400 Mullens. (D5), ... ISO Murraysville, IC2) 100 Nabob. (C4) 100 Naugatuck. (Hi).. 100 Nelson, iC4) 180 NeoU, (F5) ISO Nestorville. {G2).. 200 Nettie. (E4) 200 Newburg. (G2» 823 Newcreek, (H2)... ISO New Cumberland, (A2) 1,807 Neweli. (Al) 150 New England, ;C2) 100 Newhaven, (C2)... . 750 New Martinsville, (EI) 2,176 Newport. (C2) 150 New Richmond, (ES) 360 New Thacker. 'B5) ISO Nrwton, (D3) 180 Nitolette. (D2) 150 Nolan. (B5)... 150 Norraantown. 'E3) 110 Northfork. (D6)... 425 North Point Pleasant, (B3) , ... 452 North Spring, (C5). 100 Nuttallburg, (E4).. 400 Oak Hill, (D4) 764 Oakvale, (E6) 278 Oceana. (CS) 129 Odd!. 'n4i 300 Ogden City, (DS).. 210 Ohley. (D4) 150 Okeeffe, (B5) ISO Olcott, (C4) 500 OUnstead, (C6) 260 Omps, (K2) 100 Ona, (B4) 100 One»l, (D5) 300 Orlando, (E3) 100 Orleans Cross Roads, (Kl) 250 Oswald, (DS) 280 Packs Branch, (DS) 200 Paden City, (El).. 150 Page, (D4) 500 Palestine, (D2).... 230 Palmer, (E3) 100 Panther, (CS) 360 Parkersburg, (D2) 17,842 Parsons, (G2) 1,780 Patterson, (A2).... 713 Pattersons Creek, OD 120 Paw Paw, (Kl).... 725 Pear. (ES) 300 Pearl, (E4) 100 Pecks Run, (F2)... 150 Pence Springs. (ES) 100 Pennbrooke. (DS).. 100 Pennsboro. (E2)... 930 Penrith. (A2) 300 Peru. (H3) 100 Petersburg. (H2).. 350 Peterstown. (E6) . . 257 Petroleum. (D2)... 100 Peytona. (C4) 200 Philippi, (F2) 1,038 Pickens, (F3) 600 Piedmont, (H2)... 2,054 Pinchton, (D4).... 100 Pine Grove. (El).. 474 Pineville, (CS).... 334 Piney. (El) 150 Pittman, (ES) 250 Pleasant Valley, (A3) 210 Pleasant Valley, (A2) 346 Pluto, (DS) 100 Plymouth, (C3) 300 Poca, (C4) 350 Pocotaligo, (C4)... 150 Poe, (E4) 100 Point Pleasant, (B3) 2,045 Pond Gap, (D4) ... 200 Posey, (DS) 100 Powellton, (D4)... 413 Powhatan. (D6).. . 450 Pratt. (D4) 306 Premier, (C6) 160 Preston, (B4) 170 Prestonla, (E3) 120 Price Hill, (DS) 300 Prichard, (A4) 130 Priestley, (C4) 140 Prince, (DS) 2S0 Princeton, (D6)... 3,027 Procious, (D3) 200 Proctor. (El) 250 Prosperity, (D5)... 300 Prudence, (DS) 400 Pruntytown, (F2) . . 400 Pughtown, (Al). . . 410 Pullman, (E2) 230 Putney, (D4) 400 Quaker. (B4) 110 (Jueen Shoals, (D4) 180 Queens Ridge, (B4) 130 Quick, (D4) 100 Quiet Dell, (F2)... 250 Quincy, (D4) 150 Quinnimont, (ES) . . 400 Radnor, (34) 100 Raleigh, (DS)... .. 350 Ranger, (B4) 100 Rapp, (BS) 200 Raven Rock, (D2) 100 Ravenswood, (C3) 1,081 Reader, (El) 100 Red House, (C3)... 200 Red Jacket, (BS). 1,200 Red Rock, (F2)... 100 Redstar, (DS) 500 Reedsville. (GD... 208 Reedy, (D3) 313 Renick, (FS) 270 Replete, (F3) 100 Richwood. (E4).. .3,061 Ridgeley, 01) 500 Ridgeway, (K2)... 100 Rio, (J2) 150 Ripley, (C3) 591 Rippon, (L2) 200 Riverside, (D4).... 170 Rivesville, (Fl)... 190 Robertsburg, (C3) 130 Robson, (D4) 250 Rock, (D6) 500 Rock Cave, (F3). .. 250 Rockford, (F2).... 150 Rockport. (C2) 180 Romines Mills, (F2) 100 Romney, (J2) ....1,112 Ronceverte, (F5)..2,157 Ronda, (D4) 100 Roneys Point, (A2) 240 Rosedale, (E3) 100 Rosemont, (F2)... 300 Roseville, (DS).... 100 Rosina, (D4) 140 Rowlesburg, (G2).. 936 Royal, (D4) 160 Rupert, (ES) 100 Rush Run, (DS). . 300 Ruth, (C4) ISO Sabraton, (Gl).... 700 Saint Albans, (C4) 1,209 Saint George, (G2) 245 Saint Marys, (D2) 1,358 Salem, (E2) 2,169 Salmon, (B5) 300 Salt Sulphur Springs, (FS) 200 Sandfork, (E3) 200 Sandyville. (C3)... 250 Sardis, (F2) 300 Saxman, (E4) 300 Saxon, (DS) 150 Sayre, (C3) 200 Scarbro, (DS) 1,533 Scary, (C4) 100 Seabert, (F4) 190 Sedan, (J2) 130 Selbyville, (F3) 180 Seng, (CS) 100 Seth, (C4) 200 Sewell, (E4) 500 Shady Spring, (DS) ISO Sharon, (D4) 300 Shaw, (H2) 250 Shenandoah Junc- tion. (L2) 300 Shepherds town, (L2) 1,070 Sheppard, (BS) ISO Sheridan, (B4).... 200 Sherrard, (A3) 360 ShUoh, (E2) 130 Shinnston, (F2)... 1,224 Shirley, (E2) 180 Short Creek, (A2).. 100 Silver Hill, (El)... 150 Simpson, (F2) 230 SinksGrove, (E5).. 100 Sioto, (C4) 200 SirJohnsRun, (Kl) 120 Sissonville, (C3)... 130 Sistersville, (El)... 2, 684 Skelton, (DS) 300 Slab Fork, (DS)... 250 Sleepy Creek, (Kl) 300 Smithfield, (E2). .. 765 Sraithton, (E2) 100 Smithville, (D2)... 110 Sophia, (D5) 200 S. Buckhannon, (F3) 681 S. Charleston, (C4) 500 South Keyser, (J2) 692 Spanishburg, (D6) 100 Sparks. (E4) 100 Spaulding, (BS)... 130 Spencer, (D3) 1,224 Spilman, (B3) 250 Sprague, (DS) 250 Springfield, (J2)... 135 Spring Hill, (C4)... ISO Springton, (D6) 100 Squirejim, (C6) 100 Star City, (Gl).... 318 Steatey Heights, (F2) 511 Steelton, (El) 100 Stone Cliff, (DS). .. 600 Stotesbury, (DS).. 100 Stotlers Cross Roads, (Kl) 100 Sullivan, (D5) 100 Sulphur, (H2) 100 Summersville, (E4) 204 Summit Point, (L2) 450 Sun, (DS) 800 Surveyor, (DS) 150 Sutton, (E3) 1,121 Sweeneyburg, (DS) 150 Sweetsprings, (FS) 300 Sylvia, (DS) 400 Tacy, (F2) 100 Talcott, (ES) 600 Tams, (DS) 200 Tanner, {E3) 100 Tenmile, (F3) 100 Terra Alta,(G2)... 1,126 Thacker, (BS) 200 Thayer, (E5) 500 Thoburn, (F2).... 200 Thomas. (G2) 2,354 Thornwood, (G3).. 300 Thurmond, (DS).. 315 Tioga, (E4) 120 Toll Gate, (E2).... 120 Triadelphia, (A2).. 261 Tribble. (C3) 150 Troy. (E2) 144 Tunnelton, (G2) , . 792 Twin Branch, (CS) 400 Tyrone, (Gl) 160 Uneeda, (C4) 150 Ungers Store, (K2) 200 Union, (E5) 298 Uniontown, (El).. 240 Valley Bend, (G3) 690 Van Clevesville, (L2) 150 Vandalia, (F3) 100 Vanetta, (D4) 100 Vaughan, (04) 100 Vilas, (E2) 110 Villa, (D4) 200 Vinton, (D4) ISO Virginville, (A2)... 250 Viropa, (F2) 100 Vivian, (D6) 600 Volcano, (D2) 100 Wabash, (H2) 200 Wadestown, (Fl).. 150 Wadesville, (C2)... 100 Wake Forest, (D4) 200 Wallace, (F2) 200 Walton, (D3) 200 War, (C6) 100 Ward, (D4) 150 Warden, (DS) 100 WardensviUe, (J2) 123 War Eagle, (C5)... 500 Warrior, (D4) 150 Warwood, (A2)... 1,100 Watoga, (F4) 300 Watson, (F2) 450 Waverly, (D2) 100 Wayne, (B4) 500 Webster, (F2) 200 Webster Springs, (F4) 500 Weirton, (A2) 400 Welch, (C6) 1,526 Wellsburg, {A2)... 4,189 W. Columbia, (B3) 250 West End, (G2)... ISO West Grafton, (F2) 1,500 West Hamlin, (B4) 200 West Liberty, (A2) 350 West Milford, (F2) 212 Weston, (F2) 2,213 West Union, (E2).. 779 Wevaco, (D4) 200 Wheeling, (A2). . .41,641 Whipple, (DS) 150 White Sulphur Springs, (FS).... 338 Whitmer. (G3).... 650 Whitney, (D4) 100 Wick,(E2) 100 Wickham, (D5) 100 Widemouth, (D6).. 100 Wileyville, (El)... 134 Williamsburg, (FS) 120 Williamson, (BS).. 3,561 Williamstown, (D2) 1,139 Wilsonburg, (F2). . 350 Winding Gulf, (DS) 200 Winheld. (C3) 291 Winifrede, (C4).., 200 Winona, (E4) 3,000 Winterburn, (G3).. 300 Wolf Summit, (F2) 100 Womelsdorf, (G3) 665 Woodbine, (E4).. . 140 Woodman, (FS)... 350 Woodsdale, (A2) . . . 831 Worth, (D6) 300 Worthington, (F2) 292 Wright, (DS) 250 Wyatt, (F2) 100 Wyndal, (D4) 200 WISCONSIN /bbotsford. (OS).. 9*1 /.hleman. (H7).... 44t Al.rams. (L5) 200 Adami. (H7) SOO .^dams Center, (37) 10') ■ isoii, (L8>...i. 180 M7) 400 :. (J9) 150 Allan, (JS) no Albany. 09) 6*9 Alb-rtville, (DS),. 100 ■ (J9) 250 1,1,:, (NS) 2,082 ...a. (K8)..,. 110 Ail.-iigrove. (K9), .. 100 Allenton (L8) 450 Alloucr, (Dl) 800 Alma. ii56) I.OII Alm.i (enter, £F6! 417 AIi-«na (C») 250 •■ n.t. (J6) 487 MS) 150 rj8) 200 :,.. (ES)..... 824 r;, (M3).... 350 r> (C4) 659 nnmer-it, (J6) 629 Amberit Junction, (J6) 300 Angelica. (L5) 1.50 Aniwa, OS; 274 Antigo, (J4) 7,196 Apollonia, (E4) .... 100 Appleton, (L6)...17,492 Arborvitae, (H3).. 800 Arcadia. (E6) 1.212 Arena, (H8) 390 Argyle, (H9) 603 Arkansaw, (C5)... 200 Arkdale, (H6) 100 Arlington, (J8).... 150 Armenia, (H6).... 400 Arnott. (J6) 150 Arpin, (GS) 200 Ashford. {L7) 130 Ashippun, (L8).... 100 Ashland, (Fl). .. .11,594 Athens. (G4) 904 Atlanta, (E4) ISO Auburndale. (HS).. 297 Augusta. (ES) 1,405 Aurora, (L8) 130 Aurorahville, (K6) 100 Avalanche, (F7)... 100 Avoca. {G8) 436 Aztalan, (K8) 100 Babcock, (G6).... 500 Badger Mills. (ES) 100 Bagley. (E9» 300 Baileys Haiimr. (N4) 250 Baldwin, (CS) . . S»4 Balsam Lake, (C«> 279 Bancroft, (J6) 200 Bangor, (F7) .... 692 Baraboo. (H8)... h324 Barnes, (E2) 150 Bameveld, lH9). . , 317 Barnum, (F8) ISO Barron, (D4), 449 Barronett, (C3) 200 Ba.-ton, (L8) '00 Bavaria. (J4) !00 Bay City. (CS).... ,'52 Bavfield. (Fl) 1 "^OO Bay Settlement, (M5) '99 Bear Creek. (KS). HI Beaver. (L4) '00 Beaverdam. (K8),,' ' 8 Beecliwood. (Mi). .0 Beetown. (F9) to Beldenville. (B5) , :S;' Belgium. (M8)..- iO Bell Center, (F8). 21' BelleviUe, (19).. . 42. Bellevue. (M6).... lOt Rellwood, (Dl).... !00 Belmont. (G9) 532 Beloit. (J9) 17,122 Benton, (G9) 652 Berlin, (K7) 4,636 Big Bend. (L9).... 200 Bigfalis, (JS) 100 Bigflats. (H6) 100 Big Spring, (H7)... 150 Binghamton, (L6).. 150 Birchwood, (D3).. 500 Birnamwood. (JS) . . 678 Blackcreek. (L6)... 516 Black Earth, (H8) 479 Black River Falls, ' (F6) 1,917 Blair, (E6) 486 Blanchardville, (H9) 643 Bloom City, (F8).. 200 Bloomer, (D4). ... 1,204 Bloomingdale, (F7) 100 Bloomington, (F9) 620 Blueberry, (DD... 100 Blue Mounds. (H9) 210 Blue River, (F8)... 290 Boaz. (G8) 200 Bonduel. (L5) 350 Boscobel, (F8).... 1,525 Bowler, (KS) 150 Boyceville, (C4)... 300 Boyd. (ES) 527 Bradlev. (H3) 100 Branch, (M6) 180 Brandon. (K7).... 684 Btantwood, (G3).. ISO Bridgeport. (E9).. 500 Briegsville. (H7)... 110 Bri'lion, (L6) 998 Bristol. (L9) 200 British Hollow, (F9) 150 Brodhead. (J9). .. .1,517 Brokaw, (H4) 458 Hrookfield, (L8)... 150 Brooklyn, 09):.. , 362 Brothertown. (L6) 150 Bro ".ndeer. (M8). . 100 Br.wnsvillc. (K7).. 100 Browntown. (H9).. 222 Bruce. (E4) 565 Brule. (Dl) 250 Brussels, (MS).... 250 Bryant. (K4) 300 Buffalo. (D6) 255 Lundy. (J3) 160 Burlington. (L9)...3,2I2 Burnett. (K7) 200 Busivell, (H2).' 150 Butlernut. (F2)... 717 Cadoit. (ES) 765 CaLtniine, (09).... 200 Caldwell. (L9) 150 Caledonia. (M9)... 150 Calhoun, (L8) 100 Cal&met Harbor, (L7) ;00 Cilumctville. (L7) 300 :alvir>, (L7) 150 Camliria, (J7) 657 ^"amlriilge, (J8) ... 507 Cameron, (D4). . . . 562 tarapiiellsport, (L7) 650 tinpDouglas, (07) 473 Cirapii, (D3) 150 Cintoi, (D4) 15) CiTcliit, (HS) 160 Csrter, (K4) 250 Caictdi (L7) 500 Ca,ci), M5) 330 Caiilon (F7) 568 Casvilh (E9) 890 Ca5leR.;k.(08).. 150 Cafcriict, (F7).... ISO Catcvba, (F3) 200 Catu (M.) 180 Cavur, ij) 100 Cazaovia,(G7)... 392 CeciP^«}-5) 351 1 Cedarbnrg. (L(i).. 1,777 Cedar Creek. L8) 100 Cedar Grove, (M7) 498 CentirvUle, (Ed).. 150 Centuria. (B4) ... 301 Charlesburg. (L7).. 300 Chaseburg. (E7)... 300 Chelsea, (G4) 400 Chetek, (D4) 829 Chili, (GS) 100 Chilton, (1,6) 1,530 Chippewa FalU, (ES) 9,233 Christie, (FS) 150 City Point, (G6)... 100 Clarks Mills, IM6) 200 Clay, (F6) 250 Clayton, (C4) 220 Clearlake, (C4) 498 Cleveland, (M7)... 400 Clinton. (K9) 897 Clintonville. (K5).. 1,747 Clyman. (K8) 200 Cobb, (G9) 230 Cochrane, (D6)... 250 Colby. (GS) 869 Coleman. (M4) 436 Colfax. (D4) 701 Collins. (M6) ISO Coloma, (H6) 300 Columbus, (J8).... 2,523 Commonwealth, (L3) 400 Concord, (K8) 100 Conover, (J2) 200 Conrath, (E4) 100 Coon Valley, (F7).. 291 Cooperstown, (M6) 200 Corliss, (M9) 525 Cornucopia, (El).. 150 Cottage Grove, (J8) 250 Couderay, (E3) 300 Crandon, (K3). ... 1,833 Crivitz, (L4) 200 Crossplains, (H8).. 350 Cuba, (09) 967 Cudahy, (M9) 3,691 Cumberland, (D3) 1,445 Curtiss, (GS) 340 Gushing, (B3) 100 Custer, (JS) 110 Cylon, (C4) 100 Dale, (K6) 400 Dallas, (D4) 342 Dane, (H8) 296 Danville, (K8).... 150 Darien. (K9) 430 Darlington, (09).. 1,808 Dayton, (J9) 2S0 Dedham, (CD 100 Deerbrook, (J4)... 100 Deerfield. (J8) 533 Deerpark, (C4) 300 De Forest, (J8) 431 Delafield, (L8).... 290 Delavan, (K9) 2,450 Delton, (H7) 200 Denmark, (M6).. . 500 De Pere, (L6) 4,477 De Soto, (E8) 331 Detroit Harbor, (04) 100 Dexterville, (06).. 200 Diamond Bluff, (BS) 200 Dickeysville, (F9) . . 2S0 Divide, (H2) 100 Dodge, (E6) 200 Dodgeville, (09)... 1,791 Donald, (F4) 100 Donaldson, (J2)... 100 Dorchester. (04).. 476 Dotyville. (L7) 100 Dousman, (L8) 450 Downing, (C4) 319 Downsville, (DS).. 290 Doylestown, (J8).. 259 Dresser Junction, (B4) 130 Drummond, (E2).. 500 Drybone, (G8) 100 Duckcreek, (LS)... 850 Dueholm, (C3).... 200 Dunbar, (L3) 250 Dundee, (L7) 100 Duplainville, (J8).. ISO Durand, (D5) 1,503 Dyckesville, (MS).. 200 Eagle, (L9) 339 Eagle River, 03).. 1,400 Eagleton, (E4).... ISO East Bristol, (J8).. 120 Eastman. (E8).... 233 East Milwaukee, (M8) 707 Easton. (H7) ISO East Troy, (L9)... 673 Eau Claire, (D5).. 18,647 Eau Oalle. (CS)... 130 Eden, (L7) 250 Edgar, (HS) 746 Edgerton, (J9). .. .2,513 Edmund. (G9) 120 Egg Harbor, (N4) . . 150 Eland, (JS) 368 Elcho, (J4) 350 Elderon, (JS) 200 Eldorado, (K7).... 100 Eleva, (ES) 319 Elkhart, (M7) 499 Elkhorn, (K9) 1,707 Elkmound, (DS).. 302 Ellenboro, (F9)... 100 Ellis. OS) 130 Ellison Bay, (N4). . 150 Ellsworth, (C5),.. 1,005 Elm Grove, (L8), . . 100 Elmhurst, (J4) 130 Elmwood, (CS) 585 Elroy, (G7) 1,729 Elton, (K4) 400 Embarrass, (KS).. 283 Emerald, (C4) 200 Emerald (jrove, (K9) 150 Endeavor, (H7)... 400 Ephraim, (N4) 300 Esdaile, (CS) 100 Ettrick, (E6) 300 Eureka, (K6) 330 Evansville, (J9)...2.061 Excelsior, (F8) 180 Fairchild, (E5).... 678 Fair Oaks, (J8).... 891 Fairplay, (F9) 160 Fair Water, (K7).. 300 Fall City, (D5).... 150 Fallcreek, (ES) 523 Fall River, (J8) 360 Fayette, (09) ISO Fence, (L3) 150 Fennimore, (F8).,. 1,159 Fenwood, (05) 220 Ferryville. (E8)... 280 Fifield, (03) 300 Fishcreek, (N4)... 200 Fisk, (K7) 150 Flambeau, (E4)... ISO FlintviUe, (LS).... 100 Florence, (L3) 2,000 Fond du Lac. (L7) 20,367 Fontana, (K9) 300 Footville, (J9) 300 Forest Junction, (L6) 250 Forestville, (NS)... 250 Fort Atkinson, (K9) 3,877 Fountain City, (D6) 1,031 Foxboro, (C2) 100 Foxlake, (K7) 851 FrancLs Creek. (M6) 100 Franklin. (M7) 180 Franksville, (.M9). 300 Frederic, (C3) Sll Fredonia, (M8) 750 Fremont, (K6) 305 Friendship, (H7).. 276 Fulton. (J9) 160 Gagen. (J3) 150 Oalesville. (E6) 973 Gays Mills. (F8) .. . 557 Genesee, (L9) 250 Genesee Depot, (L9) 100 Genoa, (E7) 280 Genoa Junction, (L9) 709 Georgetown, (F9). . 100 Germania, (J7) 150 Germantown, (G7) 150 Gibbsville, (M7)... 160 Gile, (02) 450 Gillett, (LS) 610 Gillingham, (08).. 100 Oilman, (F4) 100 Gilmanton, (D6).. 250 Olenbeulah, (L7).. 500 Glen Flora, (F3)... 500 Glenhaven, (E9).. 180 Glenwood City, (C4) 954 Olidden, (F2) 600 Goodrich, (04).... 120 Gordon, (D2) 300 Gotham, (08) 350 Grafton, (M8) 818 Grand Rapids, (H6) 6,521 Grandview, (E2).. 400 Granite Heights, (H4) 100 GrantoB, (05) 350 Orantsburg, (B3).. 721 Granville, (L8) .... 150 Gratiot. (09) 368 Green Bay, (M6) 28,026 Oreenbush, (L7). . . 120 Green Lake, (J7)... 563 Oreenleaf , (L6) 200 Greenwood. (FS).. 665 Gresham, (KS) 350 Hales Corners, (L9) 350 Hamburg, (H4)... 350 Hammond, (C5)... 408 Hancock, 06) 510 Hanover, 09) 100 Hartford, (L8). .. .2,982 Hartland, (L8), ... 728 Hatley, (JS) 300 Haugen. (D3) 280 Hawkins, (F3) 400 Hawthorne, (D2).. 350 Hayton, (L6) 200 Hayward, (E3) 2,950 Hazel Green, (09) 621 Hazelhurst, (H3). . 150 Heart Prairie, (K9) 100 Hebron, (K9) 140 Helenville, (K8)... 350 Hemlock, (FS) 100 Herman, (L8) 130 Hersey, (CS) 200 Hewitt, (GS) 280 High Bridge, (F2).. ISO HighcliS, (L6) ISO Highland, (08)... 1,096 Hika, (M7) 280 Hilbert, (L6) 572 Hiles, (K3) 250 Hillsboro, (07) 804 Hillsdale, (D4).... 100 Hines, (Dl) ISO Hingham,(M7) ,'00 Hixton, (F6) 290 Holcombe, (E4)... 300 Hollandale. (H9).. 265 Holmen, (E7) 300 Holy Cross, (M8). . 130 Honey Creek, (L9) 300 Horicon, (K8) 1,881 Hortonville, (K6).. 863 Houlton, (B4)..., 250 Howards Grove, (M7) 180 Hubbleton, (K8)... 100 Hudson, (B5) 2,810 Hull, (HS) 100 Humbird, (FS).. .. 500 Hurley, (02) 2,600 Hustisford, (K8).. 615 Hustler, (07) 300 Independence, (E6) 664 Indian Ford, (J9).. 130 Ingram, (F3) 360 lola, (JS) 850 Iron Belt, (G2).... 850 Iron Mountain, (L8) 200 Iron Ridge, (L8).., 250 Iron River, (El)... 1,150 Ironton, (07) 280 Itasca, (Dl) 300 Ithaca, (08) 100 Ives, (M9) 100 Ives Grove. (M9).. 100 Jackson, (L8) 300 Jacksonport, (NS). . 200 Janesville, (K9).. 14,195 Jefferson, (K9) 2.582 Jennings, (J4) 150 Jim Falls, (E4).... 1.50 Johnsburg, (L7)... 26C 380 ^WISCONSIN— WYOMING) INDEX OF THE UNITED STATES loliBionCn-A.tKSi US ,0 Mi 300 .4,717 . . 190 200 (M6) 440 J4).... 100 ! ,07) 477 f. . (F3) 184 • K - ,a. (M9)... 25,062 ,3kum,(L7)... 625 ■ 3). Torrington, (H4). Upton. (H2) Urie. (BS) \alley, (C2) Wimsutter, (DS). Wheatland, (H4) . Wilson, (B3) Winchester, (D3).. Wind River, (D4).. Worland, {E2) Yellowstone Park, (B2) \ / / UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY BERKELEY Return to desk from which borrowed. This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 6Mar'51MC 2Sep52PJ SEP 61952Cf JUN 91953 16Apr'57TS REC'D UD , 2 19b7, REC'D LD APR 9 1957 lWay'87Kl RECD LD APR 17 1957 LD 21-100»n-ll,'49(B7146sl6)476 i . 4? \ / "^ 366709 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA UBRARY i If" - } Hiiiiitiiiiii " ■' 1;;; ;;i!ltM b .;j iiiir iiiil ni^m^. j\§^§mm