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AUTHOR & PRINTER 
 
 A Guide for Authors, Editors 
 
 Printers, Correctors of the Press 
 
 Compositors, and Typists 
 
 With full list of Abbreviations 
 
 An Attempt to codify the best Typographical 
 Practices of the Present Day 
 
 / by 
 
 F. HOWARD COLLINS 
 
 Author of 
 'An Epitome of the Synthetic Philosophy of Herbert Spencer" 
 
 With the assistance of many Authors, - Editors 
 Printers, and Correctors of the Press 
 
 Approved by 
 
 The Master Printers* and Allied Trades' Association of 
 London, by the Edinburgh Master Printers' Association, 
 by the Belfast Printing Trades Employers' Association, 
 and by the Executive Committee of the London Associa- 
 tion of Correctors of the Press 
 
 Second Edition 
 Third Thousand 
 
 Henry Frowde 
 London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, New York, and Toronto 
 
 1905 
 
•t 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 SCHOOL 
 
 First Edition^ March 1905 
 Second Impression^ April 1905 
 Second Edition^ September 1905 
 
 Oxford : Horace Hart 
 Printer to the University 
 
PREFACE 
 
 Some three years ago I made a suggestion to the 
 Committee of the Society of Authors that it should 
 compile a standard guide for spelling, capitalization, 
 punctuation, the use of italic type, etc., as the best 
 guide known to me— Mr. Horace Hart's " Rules for 
 Compositors and Readers at the University Press, 
 Oxford" — was not altogether in accordance with 
 the practice of many of our best printers, and, being 
 intended for compositors and readers only, was not 
 sufficiently complete for authors. 
 
 At the request of the Committee, I sketched the 
 outlines of the work I had suggested, and they were 
 published in "The Author," but the Committee 
 subsequently decided not to undertake the com- 
 pilation. 
 
 The publication of the outlines had, however, 
 brought me so many letters from authors, printers, 
 and others, as to the value of such a work, that 
 I decided to undertake it myself. After daily 
 labour— so far as health permitted— for two years 
 and a half, the work is finished. 
 
 One of the chief inducements which led me to 
 undertake and to continue this work, was the 
 encouragement of my late dear friend Herbert 
 Spencer, who most willingly helped me while his 
 health lasted. 
 
 A sketch of the way in which this work was 
 compiled may be of interest. Every work in the 
 following list of " Authorities Consulted " was read 
 through, and all suitable words, phrases, etc., 
 were copied on to separate slips. These were then 
 arranged alphabetically, duplicates eliminated, and 
 the manuscript copy made. With this my duties 
 as Author ceased, and those of Editor commenced, 
 ill 
 
 1 V7844 
 
PREFACE 
 
 for from that time I merely co-ordinated the 
 opinions of others upon my work. The manu- 
 script was first sent to the Oxford printer for 
 revision. When I had settled the resulting queries, 
 the copy was set up, and a first proof pulled 
 and submitted to those three of my kind critical 
 helpers to whose names, in the list which follows 
 this Preface, the figure i is appended. On the 
 return of these proofs I co-ordinated the criticisms 
 upon them, and then had fifty proofs struck off, 
 one being sent to each of those whose names are 
 followed by the figure 2. Their queries were ad- 
 justed, and then a third proof was pulled, which 
 was again criticized by the twenty-two whose names 
 are followed by the figure 3. From this stage 
 the many remaining revisions were undertaken 
 at the Oxford University Press and by myself. 
 
 In the selection of words, my object has been 
 to insert only those, spelt in more than one way, 
 which are likely to be met with in general reading : 
 to deal, in fact, with what are briefly called " dupli- 
 cate spellings." I was compelled to omit many 
 special, unusual, or technical, words and phrases, 
 so that the book might be handy in size, for which 
 reason it is purposely printed on thin paper. 
 
 That manuscript additions may be readily 
 made, I have included after each letter one 
 or two blank pages headed " Notes." To facilitate 
 future reference all such additions should have 
 some reference mark — such as, at least, an arrow 
 or caret mark — in the text where they would 
 have been placed had they been printed with 
 the work. 
 
 Where a choice has been made between two or 
 more forms of any word, it should not be concluded 
 that I consider the other forms wrong, but merely 
 that the weight of evidence has led me to select the 
 one given. Some critics may say: "Then why 
 not retain both forms, as neither is wrong ? " The 
 reason is simple, but experience shows me that it 
 iv 
 
PREFACE 
 
 needs pointing out. If both forms are retained, 
 half a book that is being composed may be read by 
 a proof-reader who uses one spelHng of the word, 
 and then— owing perhaps to illness — the second 
 half passes through the hands of a reader who 
 prefers the other spelling of the word. Conse- 
 quently, when the book is finished, the same word 
 will be spelt in two ways : one way in the first half, 
 the other in the second. Hence the necessity in 
 such a guide as this of giving one form only. 
 Again, it may be thought that in the case of 
 " duplicate spellings " both the word adopted and 
 the word rejected should be spelt in full. I have, 
 however, as a rule given only that part of the word 
 which differs, as I have found that the meaning is 
 more quickly grasped than when the whole word 
 has to be read through. 
 
 Many foreign words and phrases are included 
 on account of the frequent mistakes that are made 
 with the accents. The translations given are 
 usually free ones; literal renderings being gen- 
 erally omitted as often obvious, and as less prac- 
 tically useful. In a few cases an endeavour has 
 been made to correct popular misapprehensions : 
 thus " cui bono ? " does not, except in modem 
 incorrect usage, mean "What is the good of it?" 
 I have also added the pronunciation of some 
 words which are frequently mispronounced. A 
 cursory glance through the book will reveal other 
 special features on which it is unnecessary to dwell: 
 such as the sizes of type, books, and paper ; the 
 explanation of printing terms; punctuation; and the 
 spelling of place-names. 
 
 That more than twenty thousand separate entries, 
 containing more than one hundred thousand words, 
 and many of these not easily spelt, should have 
 survived without any error, is more than can be 
 hoped for. Notices of error will be gratefully re- 
 ceived if addressed to me, at the office of the 
 publisher, Amen Corner, London, E.C. Should the 
 V 
 
PREFACE 
 
 spelling of any catchword in clarendon type differ 
 from a spelling of it in the text, the former should 
 be considered correct. 
 
 With regard to any principles stated in these 
 pages, I may say that there has been almost in- 
 variably a considerable majority in favour of those 
 selected. One of the most disputed points has 
 been whether there should be an e, or not, before 
 the -ment, in such words as abridgment, judg- 
 ment, lodgment, and so forth. My reason for 
 deciding to omit this e is that it is unnecessary for 
 the purposes of pronunciation, and is not needful, 
 as some assert, to give the g its sound of j, for 
 this comes from the preceding d. It may be of 
 interest here to point out that in the writings of 
 Locke, Addison, Milton, Pope, Sir Leslie Stephen, 
 and one may almost say all the standard writers, 
 the e is omitted. 
 
 Another disputed point, and one on which 
 feelings were very strongly expressed, was whether 
 such abbreviations of counties as Herts and Salop, 
 etc., should, or should not, be followed by the full 
 stop. I had to decide in accordance with the 
 majority and say. Use no point, although I myself 
 have always used and prefer it. 
 
 Professor Skeat has very kindly sent me an 
 interesting note which may be appropriately in- 
 serted here : " But is * connection ' right ? It is 
 connexion in French, and in the * Oxford Enghsh 
 Dictionary,' and connexio in Latin. It depends on 
 the two following rules of Latin orthography : (i) 
 If the Latin root ends with a single consonant, as 
 c or g, then the derived noun has ct. Example, 
 faC'i faction, affection, defection, etc. (2) But if 
 the root ends in a double consonant, as c/, then the 
 derived noun has x. Example, nect- : connexion ; 
 fleet' : flexion, flexus. Hounfluci-us, ^vomflu- (with 
 'Ct added)— fluxion. But -flig- : affliction, as in (i)." 
 
 It has been a great advantage to have had the 
 proofs read by natives of other countries than 
 vi 
 
PREFACE 
 
 England, for they have not only checked the words 
 in their own language, but have also shown where, 
 while the meaning was clear to an Englishman, it 
 was not necessarily so to a foreigner. 
 
 The question as to the use of capital or small 
 initial letters for many words was a constant source 
 of trouble during the preparation of the book, for no 
 English authority— not even the " Oxford Enghsh 
 Dictionary" — seems specially to have dealt with 
 this point. All the large American dictionaries, 
 and one which will soon be published, deal 
 adequately with this matter ; but, unfortunately, 
 American custom in this respect differs consider- 
 ably from English. As I am referring to dictionaries, 
 it may not be out of place to mention a curiosity of 
 copyright law. I have only been able to make the 
 use I have made of the " Oxford English Dictionary," 
 which at present unfortunately is only about half 
 completed, by entering into an agreement, having 
 several conditions, with the Delegates of the 
 University Press, and by payment of a more 
 or less nominal fee ; and this although my work 
 has been for the benefit rather of literary workers 
 than of myself. In an American work exactly the 
 same use of the Oxford dictionary has been made 
 without any agreement or payment. 
 
 Many criticisms may be passed on the different 
 treatment of nearly allied words in the following 
 pages : why one should be hyphened and the other 
 not ; or why one should be in italic type and the 
 other in roman. May I, however, point out that 
 the present is not an attempt to rationalize the 
 English language, but merely an endeavour to 
 represent the language as it is now used by the 
 people most capable of writing it ? 
 
 Taking next the vexed question of the use of 
 italic type, the longer I have been engaged upon 
 this book the more I have felt that italic could be 
 abolished, without leading to error, except for the 
 purpose of emphasis, and for distinguishing such 
 vii 
 
PREFACE 
 
 English and foreign words as are spelt alike but have 
 different meanings, as the English pension, an allow- 
 ance, and the French pension, a boarding-house. It 
 is quite open to question whether any foreign words 
 or phrases, except these homonyms, are understood 
 or grasped in any way more quickly when they are 
 printed in italic than when they appear in the usual 
 roman type. Does it matter to anyone, so far as 
 regards mere apprehension, whether, for example, 
 *'au revoir" or "savant" is printed in italic or 
 roman ? The omission of italic type from the books 
 and newspapers set up by the linotype machine 
 (which usually has no italic fount) shows that the 
 benefit of italic is largely imaginary. Its use has 
 been retained in the following pages as, in the 
 " attempt to codify the best typographical practices 
 of the present day", it seemed needful to do so, 
 although it may not be really necessary. 
 
 A few observations are called for with reference 
 to the general adoption throughout the book of the 
 suffix -7>^ in place of -tse ; though the latter is 
 much used. The main reason is, that ~ise is the 
 form adopted by the Editors of the " Oxford 
 English Dictionary " — the best authority in England 
 upon such a matter. The admirable letter which 
 Mr. Spencer wrote to me about this question will 
 interest many, and its introduction here needs no 
 apology : — 
 
 " Dear Collins, — By all means stand up for the 
 Rules [of Mr. Hart] in respect of the use of z in 
 place of 5 wherever the sound dictates it. You may, 
 if you like, quote me as saying that our language 
 is irrationally unphonetic still, and this is done 
 wherever s is used in place of s in such words as 
 * authorize ' and * apologize.' To spell these as 
 though they were pronounced * authorice ' and 
 'apologice' when we have actually the letter 
 which conveys the right sound is simply a retro- 
 grade movement; and the Clarendon Press 'Rules' 
 are to be approved for adhering to the sf, and should 
 viii 
 
PREFACE 
 
 indeed extend its use. I always make my own 
 printer substitute the z for the s wherever it is 
 possible. Truly yours, Herbert Spencer." 
 
 To this letter may be appropriately added a quo- 
 tation from Professor Skeat — " The suffix -ize is both 
 Greek and phonetic, and much to be preferred if we 
 are to have uniformity. The suffix -ise is French." 
 
 The general rule for the division of words — 
 "never separate a group of letters representing 
 a single sound ; and so divide a word that each 
 part retains its present sound " — is the result of 
 a large correspondence on this one point alone. 
 Contrary to what might be supposed, the greater 
 the knowledge of etymology possessed by the 
 writer, the more he would seem to favour this 
 division by sound. As this matter has at first to 
 be dealt with by the compositor alone — for the 
 author cannot tell when writing the copy what 
 word will need division — it is singularly fortunate 
 that so easy a rule, requiring no etymological 
 knowledge, can be framed. The case for the pho- 
 netic division of words has been so ably put by 
 Professor Skeat that it is here added :— " The rule 
 for the division of words is not Uhe rule of the root' 
 by any means, but the rule of the sound or pro- 
 nunciation. It is much best to ignore the root and 
 go by the sound. Thus it is usual to make such 
 divisions as are seen in impu-dence, solilo-quize, 
 peru-sal, counte-nance, plea-sure, princi-pal ; in 
 perfect contempt of the root-forms, which are 
 respectively pud-, loqu-, us-, ten-, plac-, cap-. We 
 simply regard the utterance, writing pe-ruse at one 
 moment and pe-ru-sal at another. Nothing is 
 gained by pretending to keep the root intact, when 
 the spoken utterance does nothing of the kind," 
 
 Just a few words on the preparation of manuscript 
 for printing. A very distinguished etymologist con- 
 cludes a long letter to me with a paragraph which 
 he has allowed me to quote ; it is as follows: — 
 
 "There is one rule to be observed, which you 
 
PREFACE 
 
 do not notice, though it is of supreme importance : 
 and that is, that the author shall present his copy 
 in such a state as to be easily legible. There is 
 a tradition among some authors that a crabbed 
 writing is given to a clever compositor, and there- 
 fore one ought to write badly. The gross selfish- 
 ness of this is simply shameful, and deserves entire 
 reprobation. A man who is a gentleman will make 
 his copy legible for the express purpose of enabling 
 the compositor to earn more wages (and to save his 
 eyesight). On this account I have carefully cul- 
 tivated a rather coarse kind of writing, which I use 
 especially for press-copy. It may not look aesthetic, 
 but I defy any one to misread it. Of course, in 
 letters one is not quite so careful : but here also 
 it is highly desirable." Even for his own sake an 
 author should write legibly, for bad copy invariably 
 results in increased cost and in delay, besides greatly 
 multiplying the chances of error. 
 
 A great deal of delay, trouble, and expense, to 
 all concerned in the making of a book, may be 
 saved if the author will have his manuscript revised 
 by the proof-reader before it is given to the com- 
 positors to be set up in type. This plan is not of 
 course customary, but I know of at least one firm 
 of printers who, having given this plan a trial, found 
 the result so successful, that now every manuscript 
 sent to them is revised by their proof-readers 
 before it is composed. 
 
 I cannot close without referring to the voluntary 
 assistance which has been given me during the 
 compilation of this book. I am really at a loss 
 to describe my sense of indebtedness to those 
 collaborators whose names appear on subsequent 
 pages as having helped me, and especially to those 
 who read my first, second, and third proofs. What- 
 ever merits this book may eventually be found to 
 possess, I can truthfully say that they are mostly 
 due to the help I have received from others. This 
 help I here most gratefully acknowledge. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 My thanks are also due to the Master Printers' and 
 Allied Trades' Association of London, the Edinburgh 
 Master Printers' Association, the Belfast Printing 
 Trades Employers' Association, and the Executive 
 Committee of the London Association of Correctors 
 of the Press, for allowing me to print upon the title 
 page their " approval " of this work. 
 
 The Committee of the Society of Authors, "while 
 fully appreciating the merits of Mr. Collins's work, 
 and the disinterestedness of his labours in producing 
 it, decided that a departure from the practice of 
 declining to give the imprimatur of the Society to 
 works issued by its members was likely to lead to 
 difficulties in the future, and was therefore in- 
 expedient." 
 
 While probably no one will agree with everything 
 contained in this book, I hope it may be found that 
 the number of marginal notes needed to bring it 
 into accordance with the views of those who use it, 
 will be as few as could be expected considering 
 the difficulty of the subject-matter, and the fact 
 that it is, I believe, the first time it has been 
 thoroughly and systematically investigated in any 
 country. 
 
 May this work help to further the more amicable 
 business relations of Authors, Editors, and Typists, 
 Printers, Compositors, and Proof-readers ! 
 
 F. HOWARD COLLINS. 
 Torquay, March^ i905» 
 
 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION 
 
 I HAVE made some additions to the following 
 pages, and a few quite minor alterations, but the 
 general principles remain unaltered. 
 
 F. HOWARD COLLINS. 
 Torquay, September, 1905. 
 
 xi 
 
READERS OF THE PROOFS OF 
 THIS WORK 
 
 (i, 2, 3,= first, second, or third proof.) 
 
 C. H. Allison, 2, 3. 
 
 J. A. S. Barrett, M.A., author, 2, 3. 
 
 F. Bays (of Clowes & Sons), 3. 
 
 Andrew Bell (of T. Nelson & Sons, Edin.), 2, 3. 
 
 A. Phelps Benest (of R. Clay & Sons), 2, 3. 
 
 C. Bowden (late of W. H. Allen & Co.), 2. 
 Henry Bradley, M.A. ("Oxford English Dic- 
 tionary"), 2, 3. 
 
 J. J. Britt("Lancet"), 2. 
 
 Redmond Burke (of Hazell, Watson & Viney), 2. 
 
 Daniel Campbell (of Lorimer& Chalmers, Edin.), 
 
 2,3- 
 George H. Clarke, M.A., author, 2, 3. 
 J. Albert Cooper (Cooper & Budd), 2. 
 F. M. Croome (Bible Office), 2. 
 F. G. Delano (late Librarian Inst. C.E.), 2. 
 George Donaldson (ofBallantyne Press, Edin.), 2, 3. 
 J. E. Fitzgerald, 2. 
 R. Freeman, M.J.I. , i, 2, 3. 
 W. O. Gibb (Morrison & Gibb, Edin.), 2. 
 Edgar E. Harrison (Harrison & Sons), 2. 
 
 D. Hills (Hills & Co.), 2. 
 George Hookham, M.A., 2. 
 
 C. T. Jacobi (Chiswick Press), 2, 3. 
 
 W. T. Jones (of Clowes & Sons), 2, 3. 
 
 H. R. Ladell, 2. 
 
 M. A. Macdonald (of "The Times"), 2, 3. 
 
 J. F. McRae (of Cassell & Co.), 2, 3. 
 
 J. C. Millington, B.A. (of Clowes & Sons), 2, 3. 
 
 T. E. Naylor (of Cassell & Co.), 2, 3. 
 
 Robert Neill (Manchester), 2. 
 
 Neill & Co., Edinburgh, 2. 
 
 E. T. Pearce ("Army & Navy Gazette"), 2. 
 
 J. Randall ("Athenaeum," and Chairman 
 L.A.C.P.), 3. 
 
 xii 
 
READERS OF THE PROOFS 
 
 Prof. W. Rippmann, M.A., i, 2, 3. 
 
 Francis Scarr (of Camb. Univ. Press), 2, 3. 
 
 Prof. W. W. Skeat, Litt.D., LL.D., D.C.L., 2. 
 
 A. Sonnenschein, 2. 
 
 W. Swan Sonnenschein, 2. 
 
 The late John Southward, part of 2. 
 
 The late Herbert Spencer, part of 2. 
 
 George F. Stewart (of Ballantyne Press, Edin.), 2, 3. 
 
 John Stewart (of Walter Scott Co.), 2. 
 
 L. R. Tanquerey, B. es L., author, 3. 
 
 Walter Troughton, i, 2. 
 
 Theodore L. De Vinne (New York), 2. 
 
 George Walpole (House of Commons), 2. 
 
 Sidney Webb, LL.B., author, 2. 
 
 Alois Weiss, Ph.D., author, 2. 
 
 C. T. White (of Chiswick Press), 2, 3. 
 
 Frederick Wicks, 2. 
 
 Much valuable aid has been received from my 
 correspondence with : — Andrew Bell, J. A. Black 
 ("The Standard"), J. Sutherland Black, LL.D., 
 Henry Bradley, M.A., Daniel Campbell, George H. 
 Clarke, M.A., John Clay, M.A. (Camb. Univ. Press), 
 J. A. Crawley, John Dickinson & Co., Limited, 
 George Donaldson, George Eastgate, W. H. Fair- 
 bairns, R. Freeman, Sir R. Giffen, R. W. Hanson 
 (Ballantyne Press, Edin.), Edgar E. Harrison, A. D. 
 Innes (Cassell & Co.), B. Daydon Jackson, Sec. 
 Linnean Society, C. T. Jacobi, W. Josey (of Clowes 
 & Sons), J. Scott Keltie, LL.D., Sec. R.G.S., H. R. 
 Ladell, Sidney Lee, Litt.D., Sir Charles J. Lyall, 
 K.C.S.L, J. F. McRae, Laurie Magnus, M.A., R. B. 
 Marston, John Murray (Albemarle Street, W.), Sir L 
 Pitman & Sons, J. Randall, Prof. W. Rippmann, M.A., 
 H. Robertson, L. Rossi, Francis Scarr, G. Bernard 
 Shaw, Prof. W. W. Skeat, W. Swan Sonnenschein, 
 the late John Southward, Spalding & Hodge, 
 Limited, the late Herbert Spencer, the late Sir 
 Leslie Stephen, the Editor of "The Times," 
 Turnbull & Spears, C. T. White, 
 xiii 
 
AUTHORITIES CONSULTED 
 
 (Those preceded by f would form a useful library of 
 reference.) 
 
 "Aids to French Examinations." H. Blouet, B.A. 
 "American Dictionary of Printing and Bookmaking." 
 f'The Century Dictionary." 
 f" Chambers's Biographical Dictionary." 
 f" Chambers's Encyclopaedia." 
 " Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary." 
 " Chess Players' Pocket Book." James Mortimer. 
 <' Chicago Stylebook." 
 
 ''Church Dictionary." Hook and Stephens. 
 "Correct Composition." Theodore L. De Vinne. 
 "Culinary Encyclopaedia." C. H. Senn. 
 t" Cyclopaedia of Names." B. E. Smith. 
 "Dictionary Appendix." C. Vines. 
 " Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. " Nettleship and 
 Sandys. 
 Difficulties in French." M. Deshumbert. 
 f" „ „ the English and German Languages." 
 
 FIugel-Schmidt-Tanger. 
 Medicine." G. M. Gould. 
 Medicine." R. Quain. 
 Music and Musicians." Sir George Grove. 
 f" ,, ,, National Biography, Index and Epitome." 
 
 Sidney Lee. 
 " „ „ Surgery." Christopher Heath, 
 
 •f" Dictionnaire complet de la langue franfaise." 
 P. Larousse. 
 *' Encyclopaedia Britannica." 
 
 "English Grammar." R. Morris and H. Bradley. 
 "Etymological Dictionary of the English Language." 
 
 W. W. Skeat. 
 "French Idioms and Proverbs." De V. Payen-Payne. 
 " Handbook of Punctuation." M. T. Bigelow. 
 t"Il Nuovissimo Melzi" (Italian Dictionary). 
 " Imperial Gazetteer of India." Sir W. W. Hunter. 
 
 XIV 
 
 » 
 
 tt 
 
 It 
 
 it 
 
 J> 
 
 ti 
 
 it 
 
 a 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 It 
 
 tt 
 
AUTHORITIES CONSULTED 
 
 " Modern Printing." J. Southward. 
 " Notes " London Association of Correctors of the Press. 
 ^' Orthographisches WOrterbuch der deutschen Sprache." 
 K. Duden. 
 f" Oxford English Dictionary." J. A. H. Murray, 
 H. Bradley, and W. A. Craigie. 
 ** Plain Printing Types." Theodore L. De Vinne. 
 +" Post Office Guide." Official. 
 "Printers' Handbook." C. T. Jacobi. 
 "Printers' Vocabulary." C. T. Jacobi. 
 " Reader's Handbook." E. C. Brewer. 
 Rules of the House of: — Ballantyne, Hanson & Co.; 
 Chiswick Press ; Richard Clay & Sons ; W. Clowes 
 & Sons; Horace Hart (Oxford Press); C. F. 
 Hodgson & Son ; Lorimer & Chalmers ; Morrison & 
 Gibb ; Neill & Co. ; Nelson & Sons ; Turnbull & 
 Spears ; Waterlow Bros. & Layton. 
 t" Some Notes on Books and Printing." C. T. Jacobi. 
 " Standard Dictionary." Funk & Wagnalls Company. 
 " Stanford Dictionary of Anglicised Words and Phrases." 
 C. A. M. Fennell. 
 •f*" Statesman's Year-Book," 1903. 
 " Stops." Paul Allardyce. 
 "Student's Handbook for French Examinations." 
 
 J. Belfond. 
 " The Times " newspaper. 
 "Title-Pages." Theodore L. De Vinne. 
 "United States Board on Geographical Names — Second 
 Report." 
 •|""Whitaker's Almanack," 1903, 1904. 
 f"Whitaker's Peerage," 1904. 
 •{•"Who's Who," 1902, 1903, 1904. 
 
 XV 
 
A. — ABBOTT 
 
 An asterisk* denotes a spelling used in the 
 •• Oxford English Dictionary." Words in claren- 
 don italic type should always be printed in 
 italic. 
 
 A., Academician, Academy, 
 amateur, artillery, the first 
 in a series, all proper 
 names beginning with this 
 initial, (mus.) alto. 
 
 a., acre, active. 
 a, not an, before all words 
 beginning with a conso- 
 nant, or with the sound 
 of a*, wh, or y, as : a 
 eulogy, a euphony, a Eu- 
 ropean, a ewe, a ewer, a 
 herb, -al, a honorarium, 
 a hope, a horse, a hospital, 
 a humble, a one, a oneness, 
 a unanimous, a unicorn, a 
 uniform, a union, a unison, 
 a unit, a universe, -al, -ity, 
 a useful, a usurper. (^See 
 ^also "an, wo^ a,**) 
 
 A, a, in German, may «o/ be 
 replaced by^^, ae (except 
 in some proper names), 
 A, a, or ^, X. "The 
 modified vowels, whether 
 used as capitals or as small 
 letters, take the Umlaut 
 sign above them." (Prus- 
 sian Minister of Education, 
 1880.) The first only of 
 two vowels takes the 
 Umlaut sign, as du. 
 
 k, the " Swedish a " {see 
 Swedish). 
 
 @, at, the ''commercial a" 
 (used only in quoting 
 prices). 
 
 Al*, "first-class" ships in 
 "Lloyd's Register." 
 
 A. A., Associate of Arts; 
 A A. A., Amateur Athletic 
 Association ; A.AA.S., 
 American Association for 
 the Advancement of Sci- 
 
 ence ; A.A.C., anno ante 
 Christum (in the year be- 
 fore Christ) (s.caps.) ; 
 A.A.G., Assistant-Adju- 
 tant - General ; a. a, O, 
 (Ger.), am angefuhrten 
 Orte (at the place quot- 
 ed) ; A. A. of A., Auto- 
 mobile Association of 
 America ; A.A.P.S., 
 American Association for 
 the Promotion of Sci- 
 ence ; AA.S., Fellow of 
 American Academy of 
 Arts and Sciences ; 
 A..A..S.S.,AmertcanaeAn- 
 tiquariangeSocietatis Socius 
 (Fellow of the American 
 Antiquarian Society). 
 
 A.B.*, Artium Baccalaureus 
 (Bachelor of Arts) ; able- 
 bodied [seaman]. 
 
 abj (Lat.), from ; — ante, 
 from before. 
 
 abac/us* (arch.), plate at 
 top of a column ; pi. -i*. 
 
 Abar, Assam, not -or. 
 
 a bas (Fr.), down with. 
 
 abatable *, not -cable. 
 
 h batons rompus (Fr.), 
 by fits and starts. 
 
 abattuf (Fr.), /em. -e, de- 
 jected. 
 
 abb., abbess, abbey, abbot. 
 
 abbe* (Fr. m.), title (not 
 ital.). 
 
 Abbeokuta, W. Africa, 
 use Abeo-. 
 
 Abbildung (Ger. typ. f.), 
 a cut or picture (cap.). 
 
 Abbot, family name of 
 Baron Colchester. 
 
 Abbott, family name of 
 Baron Tenterden. 
 
 <V 
 
ABBOTTABAD — ABETTER 
 
 Abbottabad, Punjab. 
 
 abbr., abbreviated, -ion. 
 
 abbreviat/e *, -or *. 
 
 abbreviation, inFr. abrS-. 
 
 abbreviations. 
 
 — punctuation: a full point 
 after all contracted words 
 or phrases, except chemi- 
 cal and math, symbols {see 
 also county). 
 
 When abbreviation ends 
 sentence, one point only. 
 Capitalization as in full 
 word or words. Initials of 
 an abbreviation should not 
 be divided by end of line. 
 (See also under the word 
 itself.) 
 
 Abbreviationsforliong- 
 hand recognized by 
 printers, agreed to at the 
 International Shorthand 
 Congress, 1887, with a few 
 additions marked f : 
 
 a, t ; about, ab* ; accordingf , 
 ace. ; account, ace* ; adver- 
 tisementf, ad, or advt ; 
 afifectionatef, aff; affec- 
 tionatelyt, aff'^ ; after- 
 noon, aft" ; again, ag" ; 
 against, ag" ; Americaf, 
 Amer. ; among, am^ ; 
 amount, am*; -ance, -"^ ; 
 because, b®*' ; been, b" ; 
 between, b*^"^ ; brought, 
 bro*; caught, ca*; chair- 
 man, ch" ; circum- 
 stance, cir'^® ; committee, 
 com® ; could, c*^ ; differ- 
 ence, difo® ; different, dif^ ; 
 difficult, dif*'"; difficulty, 
 dif^^^y; -ence, -"^ ; Eng- 
 land, -ishf, Eng. ; especi- 
 ally f, esp ; evening, ev^ ; 
 -ever, -r ; every, ev^ ; 
 excellentf, exc ; extra- 
 ordinary, xtr^ ; faithfully t, 
 ffy ; for, f ; Friday, Fri ; 
 from, fn» ; further, fur"" ; 
 general, geri^; generallyf, 
 genv ; goodf, g<^ ; govern- 
 ment, gov* ; great, g' ; 
 had, h^ ; have, h ; import- 
 ance, impco . important. 
 
 imp'' 
 
 -ing, -g ; -ion, -n 
 
 large, Ige ; manuscriptf, 
 -s, MS., MSS. ; meeting, 
 m*g ; -ment, -mt ; might, 
 m*; Monday, Mon; morn- 
 ing, ms ; notwithstanding, 
 notw^ ; objection, obj" ; 
 occasionf, occ" ; o'clock, 
 o'cf ; of, o ; opinion, 
 op" ; opportunity, opp^ ; 
 other, o*' ; ought, o* ; 
 pagef, -s, p., pp. ; particu- 
 lar, parf; popularf, pop ; 
 queryt, qy ; question, q» ; 
 quotationf , quot ; said, 
 s*^ ; Saturday, Sat ; several, 
 sev' ; shall, sh ; should, 
 sh^ ; -sion, -n ; speciallyf, 
 spec ; Sunday, Sun ; 
 that, t ; the, / ; their, 
 there, th'" ; though, tho ; 
 through, thro; Thursday, 
 Thurs; -tion, -n; together, 
 togr ; trulyf , ty ; Tuesday, 
 Tues ; very, vf, or v^ ; 
 very goodf, v.g ; Wed- 
 nesday, Wed; whether, 
 wh"" ; which, wh ; with, 
 w; without, w*; would, 
 w<*; yesterday, yest^, or 
 y'dayf ; you, y ; your, 
 yi- ; yours, y". 
 
 "ABC Guide** (no points). 
 
 abdicat/e, -or. 
 
 h Becket (Thomas), 
 iii8?-7o, Abp. (one /). 
 
 ^Beckett (A. "W.), 1844-, 
 journalist ; — (G. A.), 
 181 1-56, writer (two Z's). 
 
 Abeokuta, W. Africa, not 
 Abb-. 
 
 Abercrombie, Fife. 
 
 Abercromby, Lanes. 
 
 Aberdonians, natives of 
 Aberdeen. 
 
 Aberglaube (Ger. m.), su- 
 perstition. 
 
 Abernethy, Inverness and 
 Perth. 
 
 Aberystwyth, Wales, not 
 -ith. 
 
 abest (Lat.). he, she, or it, 
 is absent ; pi. absunt. 
 
 abett/er*, in law -or* 
 
AB EXTRA — ACC. 
 
 ab extra (Lat.), from out- 
 side. 
 
 A.B.F.M., American Board 
 of Foreign Missions. 
 
 Abhandlungen (Ger.f.pl.), 
 Transactions (of a So- 
 ciety) ; abbr. Abh, 
 
 A.B.H.M.S., American 
 Baptist Home Mission 
 Society. 
 
 abiitj ad plures or — ad 
 mafores (Lat.), he, or 
 she, has gone to the ma- 
 jority : is dead ; pi. able- 
 runt . 
 
 ab incunabulis (Lat.), 
 from the cradle. 
 
 Abingdon, Berks, and 
 Virginia, U.S.A. 
 
 Abington, Northants, 
 
 Lanark, Limerick, and 
 Mass., U.S.A. 
 
 abj initio (Lat.), from the 
 beginning, abbr. ab Itllt, ; 
 — Intra, from within. 
 
 a bis ou a blanc (Ft.), by 
 hook or by crook. 
 
 abl., ablative. 
 
 -able* (the suffix). Words 
 ending in e omit the e be- 
 fore -able, except when ne- 
 cessary for pronunciation, 
 as receive receivable ; but 
 change changeable, since 
 g becomes hard before a. 
 
 A.B.M.U., American Bap- 
 tist Missionary Union. 
 
 h bonj compte ( Fr. ),cheap- 
 
 ly, at a low estimate ; 
 
 droit, with justice ; 
 
 marchS, cheap. 
 
 Abor, Assam, use Abar. 
 
 ab orlglne (Lat.), from the 
 beginning. 
 
 above-raentioned*, hy- 
 phen only when a noun 
 immediately follows, as 
 " the above - mentioned 
 sentence," but " the sen- 
 tence above mentioned." 
 
 ab ovo (Lat.), from the be- 
 ginning. 
 
 Abp., Archbishop. 
 
 abr., abridged, abridgment. 
 
 a bras ou verts (Fr.), with 
 open arms. 
 
 abrSg6{ Fr. m. ) , abridgment. 
 
 abrevlatlon (Fr. f.), abbre- 
 viation. 
 
 abridgment*, abbr. abr. 
 
 A.B.S., American Bible So- 
 ciety, able-bodied seaman. 
 
 abs., absolutely, abstract. 
 
 Abschnlttj (Ger. typ. m.), 
 section, part, chapter, or 
 division; pi. -e, ahhr. Abs, 
 
 absciss/a* (math.), />/. -sb*. 
 
 absenter *, not -or. 
 
 absente reo (Lat.), the 
 defendant being absent, 
 abbr. abs. re. 
 
 absinth/*, in Fr. f. -e. 
 
 absltl, let him, her, or it, 
 be absent ; — omen, let 
 there be no (ill) omen. 
 
 absolutely, abbr. abs. 
 
 abs. re,, absente reo (the 
 defendant being absent). 
 
 abstract, abbr. abs. 
 
 absurdttm* (Lat.), absurd. 
 
 Abt. (Ger.), Abteilung (div- 
 ision). 
 
 abundance, in Fr.abond-. 
 
 ab uno disce omnes 
 (Lat.), from one (sample) 
 judge the rest. 
 
 abut*/, -ment*, -ted*, 
 -ting *. 
 
 abys/s*, -mal*. 
 
 A.C., Alpine Club; A.C., 
 ante Christum, (before 
 Christ) (s.caps.) ; a.C, 
 author's correction ; in Fr. 
 annee courante (current 
 year) ; a/c, account ; in 
 printing use acct. 
 
 A.C.A., Associate (of the 
 Institute of) Chartered 
 Accountants (offic). 
 
 Academician, abbr. A. 
 
 Acad§miefrancaise (cap. 
 A, not cap./). 
 
 Academy, a learned body ; 
 abbr. A., or Acad. (cap.). 
 
 a caplte ad calcem (Lat.), 
 completely. 
 
 acc, acceptance (bill), 
 accusative. 
 
 1* 
 
ACCABLfi — ACTUEIi 
 
 accabljS (Fr.), /em. -Se, 
 
 overwhelmed. 
 
 aeced/e *, -er *. 
 
 accedence*, giving con- 
 sent. 
 
 accelerando (mus.), ac- 
 celerating; abbr. accel. 
 
 aocelerat/e, -or *. 
 
 accents and diacritical 
 marks : acute ('); cedilla 
 (9); circumflex (>^) ; diae- 
 resis ("); doubtful length 
 mark(5=i); grave (^) ; Gr. 
 breathings : asper ( * ) ; 
 lenis (*); Gr. circumflex 
 (" ) ; long vowel(" ) ; Scan- 
 dinavian o (0) ; short 
 vowel ('); Spanish « or 
 tilde (n); Swedish a (S); 
 Umlaut (••). 
 
 acceptance, abbr. aoc. 
 
 accepter*, in law -or *. 
 
 accessary*, not -ory. 
 
 accessjit (Lat.), he, she, or 
 it, came near ; />/. 'erunt, 
 
 acoiaccatura* (mus.), a 
 grace-note. 
 
 accidental* (mus.). 
 
 acclimatize* woZ-ise. 
 
 accompanist*, wo/-yist. 
 
 accordion*, wo/ -eon. 
 
 accouche/ment *, -ur *, 
 -use* (not ital.). 
 
 account, abbr. a/o ; in print- 
 ing use acct. 
 
 Accra, use Akkra. 
 
 accrochj6 (Fr.), fem. .6e, 
 brought to a deadlock. 
 
 acct., account, or account 
 current. 
 
 accusative, abbr. ace. 
 
 Aeestes, not Akestes. 
 
 ac etiam (Lat.), and also. 
 
 A.C.F., Automobile Club 
 de France. 
 
 A.C.G.B.I.. Automobile 
 Club of Great Britain and 
 Ireland. 
 
 Achaemenes, not Achai-. 
 
 k cheval (Fr.), on horse- 
 back. 
 
 Achin, Sumatra, not -een, 
 Atchin. 
 
 Achnaahellaoh, Ross. 
 
 A.C.I. (Fr.), assure cotitre 
 Vincendie (insured against 
 fire). 
 
 acknowledgment*, not 
 -ement. 
 
 a COmpte (Fr.), in part pay- 
 ment. 
 
 a corps perdu (Fr.), des- 
 perately. 
 
 acoustics* (sing, noun), 
 pron. a-kow'stiks. 
 
 k convert (Fr.), protected. 
 
 A.C.P., Associate of the 
 College of Preceptors. 
 
 acquit/*, -tal*, -tance*, 
 -ted*, -ting. 
 
 Acra, use Akkra. 
 
 Acre, Syria, not Acca, 
 Accho, Acco. 
 
 acre, abbr. a. 
 
 acre (Fr. f.), acre. 
 
 acre (Fr.), acrid. 
 
 A.C.S., Additional Curates 
 Society. 
 
 ActfiBon, a mythical hun- 
 ter. 
 
 acte d*accnsatlon (Fr. 
 m.), indictment. 
 
 Actini/a* (zool), pi. 
 
 -SB*. 
 
 actinomy/ces (bot.), pi. 
 -cetes. 
 
 actionnaire (Fr. m.), a 
 shareholder. 
 
 active, abbr. a. 
 
 acts of a play (typ.), cap. 
 only when the number 
 follows, as "Hamlet," 
 Act i. sc. 2 (see also 
 authorities). 
 
 Acts of Parliament 
 (cap. A), cited thus : — 
 Factory and Workshops 
 Act, 1878 (54 & 55 Vic. 
 c. 75, ss. 14 and 15). 
 28 Geo. II, c. VIII is a 
 private Act. 28 Geo. II, 
 c. 8, is a public Act. 
 
 Acts of Sederunt (Scots 
 law). 
 
 actualltS (Fr. f.), present 
 state. 
 
 actuelj (Fr.), fem. -/e, 
 present. 
 
ACTUM — AD MODUM 
 
 actum] agere (Lat.), to do 
 what has been already 
 done ; — est, it is all over. 
 
 A.C.U., American Con- 
 gregational Union. 
 
 acushla (Irish), darling. 
 
 acute accent* (')• 
 
 A.D.* {anno Domini) , should 
 always be placed be/ore 
 the figures; b.c. after 
 (s.caps.) ; a.d., ante diem 
 (before the day), after 
 date ; ad., advertisement. 
 
 Adam's Peak, Ceylon 
 (apos.). 
 
 ad amussim (Lat.), ex- 
 actly. 
 
 adapt/able*, -er*, not -or. 
 
 ad arbitrium (Lat.), at 
 pleasure. 
 
 ac/asfra (Lat.), to the stars. 
 
 a dato (Lat.), from date. 
 
 A.D.C., aide-de-camp, 
 
 Amateur Dramatic Club. 
 
 adj captandum vulgus 
 (Lat.), to catch the rabble : 
 claptrap; — clemm, to 
 the clergy ; — crumen- 
 am, to the purse ; — 
 eundem gradum, to 
 the same degree, abbr. 
 ad eund, 
 
 addend/um*, something to 
 be added ; pi. -a* (not ital.). 
 
 addible*, «o/-able. 
 
 addio (It.), good-bye. 
 
 addorsed*, .not adorsed, 
 adossed. 
 
 address, in Fr. f. adresse; 
 (typ.) in printed letters 
 to be s.caps. 
 
 adducible *, not -ceable. 
 
 Adeler (Max), 1841-, 
 Amer. writer {see also 
 Adl-). 
 
 a demi (Fr.), by halves. 
 
 a/ desseia (Fr.), on pur- 
 pose ; — deux, of (or be- 
 tween) two ; — deux 
 mains, with both hands. 
 
 adj extra (Lat.), in an out- 
 ward direction ; — ex- 
 tremum, to the last. 
 
 adj fiium aquas (Lat.) to 
 
 centre of the stream ; — 
 filum viae, to centre of 
 the road ; — finem, near 
 the end ; — gustum, to 
 the taste; — boc, for 
 this (object) ; — bomi' 
 nem, to the [interests of 
 the] man;— bunc locum, 
 on this passage, abbr. 
 a.b,l,; — idem, to the 
 same (point). 
 
 a die (Lat,), from that day. 
 
 adieu/, pi. -X (not ital.). 
 
 ad] infinitum * (Lat.), to 
 infinity, pron. in-fi-ni'- 
 tum ; — interim, mean- 
 while. 
 
 A Dios (Sp.), adieu. 
 
 Adirondack Mountains 
 (U.S.A.), «o^-dac. 
 
 k discretion (Fr.), at dis- 
 cretion. 
 
 Adj., Adjutant 
 
 adjectiv/e, abbr. adj.; — 
 -al%-ely*. 
 
 Adj. -Gen., Adjutant-Gen- 
 eral. 
 
 adjudgment*, Mo/-ement. 
 
 adjudicator*, not-er. 
 
 adjutage *, not aj-. 
 
 Adjutant/, abbr. Adj. ; — 
 -General, abbr. A.-G., 
 or Adj. -Gen. 
 
 adjuvant*. 
 
 adl Icaiendas Orxcas 
 ( Lat. ) , never; — libitum* f 
 at pleasure, abbr. ad lib, 
 
 Adler (Hermann), 1839-, 
 Chief Rabbi (seealsoAde-). 
 
 ad litem (Lat), for a suit 
 
 Adm., Admiral, Admiralty. 
 
 ad manum (Lat), ready. 
 
 adniinistrat/or*,abbr. ad- 
 mor . ;-rix*, abbr. admix. 
 
 Admiral/, in Fr. amirjal, 
 pi. -aux ; — , -ty, abbr. 
 Adm. 
 
 admiration (note of), 
 see punctuation, XVII. 
 
 ad misericordiam (Lat), 
 appealing to pity. 
 
 admix., administratrix. 
 
 ad modum (Lat), after the 
 manner of 
 
ADMOWITOE, — ^SCHYIiUS 
 
 admonitor*, not -er. 
 
 admor., administrator. 
 
 ad nauseam (Lat.), to a 
 sickening degree. 
 
 ado*, work, trouble (one 
 word). 
 
 Adonai* (Heb.), the Lord. 
 
 adorsed, use add- *. 
 
 ad\ patres (Lat.), dead ; 
 — quod damnum, to 
 what damage ; — refer- 
 endum, for further con- 
 sideration ; — rem, to 
 the point. 
 
 adresse (Fr. f.), address. 
 
 a droite {Fr.), to the right. 
 
 adscititious *, noi asci-. 
 
 adscriptus glebss (Lat.), 
 a serf. 
 
 adsum (Lat.), I am pre- 
 sent. 
 
 ad summum (Lat.), to 
 the highest point. 
 
 a due (It.), in two parts. 
 
 adulator*, not -er. 
 
 adj unguem (Lat.), per- 
 fectly; — unum omnes, 
 all, to a man ; — 
 usum, according to cus- 
 tom. 
 
 adv., adverb, adverbially, 
 advocate. 
 
 adv», adversus (against). 
 
 ad valorem* (Lat.), accord- 
 ing to value ; abbr. adval, 
 
 advancement*. 
 
 adverb/, -ially, abbr. adv. 
 
 ad verbum (Lat.), to a 
 word, verballj'. 
 
 adversaria* (Lat. pi.), jot- 
 tings. 
 
 adversus (Lat.), against ; 
 abbr. adv, 
 
 advertise *, not -ize. 
 
 advertisement*, abbr. 
 ad., or advt., pi. ads., 
 or advts. ; in Fr. f. 
 annonce. 
 
 adj vitam aut culpam 
 (Lat.), for lifetime or until 
 
 , fault ; — vivum, lifelike. 
 
 advocate, abbr. adv. 
 
 Advocates (Faculty 
 of)*, the Bar of Scotland. 
 
 advocatus diaboli (Lat.), 
 an adverse critic(not ital. ). 
 
 advt./,-S.,advertisement,-s. 
 
 ^, ''third-class" ships in 
 " Lloyd's Register." 
 
 SB (ligature). The ligatures 
 se, ce, for single sounds 
 are in England employed 
 in Danish, English, 
 French, Greek, Latin, and 
 Old-English words. The 
 separate letters ae, oe, 
 should be used in new 
 classical books, and in 
 German {see also A, a). 
 
 sedile*, note-. 
 
 u^gean Sea, the eastern 
 part of the Mediterranean. 
 
 SBgis*, a shield, protection, 
 not e-. 
 
 asgrescitque medendo 
 (Lat.), and he grows worse 
 with the remedy. 
 
 asgrotjat* (Lat.), he is ill ; 
 pi. -ant. 
 
 A.E.I.O.U., Austria Est 
 Imperare Orhi Universo 
 (it is given to Austria to 
 rule the whole earth). 
 
 -(9Emilius. 
 
 -<®neas. 
 
 .ZEJneid*, not E-. 
 
 SBolian*, not eo-. 
 
 SBon *, an age, not eon. 
 
 SBpyornis (zool.), noi epi-, 
 
 epy-. 
 
 asquales (Lat.), equal, 
 equals ; abbr. aeq, 
 
 aequanimiter (Lat.), com- 
 posedly. 
 
 aequo animo (Lat.), with 
 an equable mind. 
 
 A.E.R.A., Associate En- 
 graver Royal Academy. 
 
 aer/ate*, etc., -ial*, -ie*, 
 -ify*, -obic, -onaut*, 
 not ae-. 
 
 aeroplane*, a kite-like 
 machine. 
 
 aery, ttse aerie *. 
 
 sesj alienum (Lat.), debt ; 
 — triplex, a strong de- 
 fence. 
 
 .^schylus. 
 
-fflSCULAPIUS — A HAUTE 
 
 -ffisculapi/us *, -an*. 
 
 /Esop. 
 
 aesthete*, etc., not e-. 
 
 sestiv/al*, -ation*, not e-. 
 
 set* orastat., anno getatis sugs 
 (of age, aged). 
 
 aether, space-medium, use 
 e-*. 
 
 SBtiology*, not e-. 
 
 .^tna, use Etna. 
 
 A.-P., Anglo - French ; 
 A.F.A., Associate of the 
 Faculty of Actuaries ; 
 A.F.A.M., Ancient Free 
 and Accepted Masons ; 
 A.F.B.S., American and 
 Foreign Bible Society ; 
 A.F.C.U., American and 
 Foreign Christian Union. 
 
 aff., affirmative, affirming. 
 
 affaire] d' amour (Jr. f.), 
 love affair ; — de CCeur, 
 affair of the heart; — 
 d*honneur, duel. 
 
 afficbje (Fr. f.), placard, 
 poster ; -Se, posted up. 
 
 affidavit, abbr. afft. 
 
 affJljS (Fr.), sharp; -IS, 
 affiliated. 
 
 affranchise *, not -ize. 
 
 affrealxjem.-se, frightful. 
 
 afft., affidavit. 
 
 Afghanistan, abbr. Af- 
 ghan. 
 
 afield* (one w^ord). 
 
 afondjijv.), thoroughly; — 
 — de train, at full speed. 
 
 k forfait, by contract. 
 
 a fortiori* (Lat), with 
 stronger reason, not a — 
 (not ital.). 
 
 Afr., Africa, -n. 
 
 Afridi, race of Cent. Asia, 
 not -eedee. 
 
 afternoon, abbr. aft., or 
 p.m. 
 
 afterthought * (one word). 
 
 Ag, argentum (silver). 
 
 A.Q. (Ger. ) , A ktiengesell- 
 schaft (joint-stock com- 
 pany). 
 
 A.-G., Adjutant- General, 
 Agent-General (of Colo- 
 nies), Attorney-General. 
 
 agacerie (Fr. f.), allure- 
 ment. 
 
 Agadah, ws^Haggadah*. 
 
 agate* (Amer. typ.), a size of 
 type as this, five aud half point, 
 about thirteen lines to the inch. 
 
 h gauclie (Fr.), to the left. 
 
 ageing*, not agi-. 
 
 agend/um, a thing to be 
 done ; pi. -a (not ital.). 
 
 a genoux (Fr.), kneeling. 
 
 agent, abbr, agt. 
 
 Agent - General, abbr. 
 A.-G. 
 
 ages (typ.), to be printed in 
 figures; but ''he died in 
 his fortieth year." 
 
 aggrandize*, wo^-ise. 
 
 aggression, in Fr. f. 
 agression. 
 
 agistor*, not -er. 
 
 agitat/or*, not -er; /em. 
 -rix. 
 
 aglet*, not ai-. 
 
 aglo-w* (one word). 
 
 agneau (Fr. m.), lamb. 
 
 Agnostic/*, -ism* (cap.). 
 
 agonize *, not -ise. 
 
 agouti*, not -y, aguti. 
 
 agraffe*, a clasp ; in Fr. f. 
 agrafe, 
 
 agrarianize *, not -ise. 
 
 agreeable,in Fr.agrSab/e. 
 
 agrements (Fr. m.), com- 
 forts. 
 
 agric, agriculture, -al, -ist. 
 
 agriculturist*, not -alist. 
 
 A.G.S.S., American Geo- 
 graphical and Statistical 
 Society. 
 
 agt., agent. 
 
 A.H., anno Hegirx{x.V). 622), 
 the Moham. era (s.caps.). 
 
 ah, when it stands alone, 
 takes a mark of exclama- 
 tion (!). When it forms- 
 part of a sentence, it is 
 usually followed by a 
 comma, the ! being 
 placed at the end of the 
 sentence : as "Ah, no, it 
 cannot be ! " 
 
 aha, M5^ ha-ha*. 
 
 k baute voix (Fr.), aloud. 
 
 i^ 
 
A.H.C. — A LA 
 
 A.H.C.) Army Hospital 
 Corps. 
 
 ii.h.l., ad hunc locum (on 
 this passage). 
 
 Ahmed/abad, -nagar, 
 India, «o^ Ahmad-, Amed-. 
 
 A.H.M.S., American Home 
 Mission Society. 
 
 Ahriman, the evil deity. 
 
 A.H.S., anno hitmanx salutis 
 (in the year of human 
 salvation) (s.caps.)- 
 
 a.h.V., ad hanc vocem (at 
 this v^rord). 
 
 A.I., American Institute ; 
 A.I., anno inventionis (in 
 the year of the discovery) 
 (s.caps.) ; A.I.A., Asso- 
 ciate of the Institute of 
 Actuaries, American In- 
 stitute of Architecture ; 
 A.I.C., Associate of the 
 Institute of Chemistry. 
 
 •*Aida," opera by Verdi, 
 1 87 1 (no diaeresis). 
 
 aide (Fr. m.), assistant; 
 (f.) help. 
 
 Aid6 (Hamilton), 1830-, 
 writer. 
 
 aide - de - camp *, abbr. 
 A.D.C.; /"/.aides . 
 
 aide-memoire (Fr. m.), aid 
 to memory ; pi. aides — . 
 
 A.I.G., Assistant-Inspec- 
 tor-General. 
 
 aiglet, use aglet *. 
 
 aigrej-doax (Fr.), fern. — 
 -douce, sour-sweet. 
 
 aigrette*, a spray, not ei-, 
 -et {see also egret*). 
 
 A.I.G.T., Association for 
 the Improvement of Geo- 
 metrical Teaching. 
 
 Ailesbury (Marquess 
 of) {see also Ayl-). 
 
 Ailsa Craig, Scotland. 
 
 aimable (Fr.), amiable. 
 
 A.I.M.E., Associate of the 
 Institute of Mining En- 
 gineers ; ditto Mechanical 
 Engineers; Americanlnsti- 
 tute of Mining Engineers. 
 
 ainje {Fr.),/em. -6e, elder, 
 senior; opposed to pufnS, 
 
 fern. puinSe, or cadetf, 
 
 -te, younger. 
 Air (Point of), N. Wales 
 
 {see also Ay re). 
 air noble (Fr. m.), air of 
 
 distinction. 
 ait, use eyot *. 
 Aix - la - Chapelle, pron. 
 
 ax (h3'phens). 
 
 Aix-les-Bains (hyphens). 
 a jamais (Fr.), for ever. 
 Ajax, />/. Ajaxes. 
 ajutage, use adj-*. 
 A.K.C., Associate of King's 
 
 College (London). 
 Akers-Douglas(Aretas), 
 
 1851-, politician (hyphen). 
 Akestes, use Acestes. 
 a-kimbo* (hyphen). 
 Aiclcolade (Ger. typ.), a 
 
 brace (cap.). 
 Akkra, Upper Guinea, not 
 
 Accra, Acra. 
 Alctiengeseliscliaft (Ger. 
 
 f.), joint-stock company; 
 
 abbr. A.G. 
 Al*, aluminium. 
 a, I. (Fr.), apres Iwraison, 
 
 after delivery (of goods). 
 Ala., Alabama (off. abbr.). 
 a J* abandon (Fr.), uncared 
 
 for, at random. 
 k la] belle Stoile (Fr.), 
 
 in the open air ; — — 
 
 bonne beuref well and 
 
 good ; campagne, 
 
 in the country ; — — 
 
 carte, as the bill of fare. 
 Aladdin, not Alladin. 
 a la\ fran^aise (Fr.), in 
 
 Frenchstyle (notcap.) ; — 
 
 — grecqae, — Greek — 
 
 (not cap. ) ; liauteur 
 
 de, on a level with ; 
 
 lettre, literally ; — — 
 main, at hand, ready ; — 
 
 — mode*, in fashion; aj 
 Vanglaise, in the English 
 style (not cap.) ; — V an- 
 tique, — antique style; 
 a laj parisienne, in the 
 Parisian style (not cap.) ; 
 
 russe, — Russian 
 
 style (not cap.). 
 
 8 
 
ALAS. — ALLAHABAD 
 
 Alas., Alaska. 
 
 alas, when it stands alone, 
 takes a mark of exclama- 
 tion (!). When it forms 
 part of a sentence, to 
 be followed by a comma, 
 the ! being placed at the 
 end of the sentence : as, 
 "Alas, it is true!" 
 
 Alb., Albanian. 
 
 Alban., signature of Bp. of 
 St. Albans (full point). 
 
 albatross*, not -os. 
 
 Albert note, 6x375 ^"' ' 
 envelopes 4^/4 x 3^/4 in. 
 
 Albin (A.), 1848-, chess 
 player. 
 
 albin/o*, pi. -os*, fern. 
 -ess*, -ism*, «o^-oism. 
 
 Albrighton, Salop. 
 
 Alb Sunday, first after 
 Easter (caps.). 
 
 album/*, scrapbook ; pi. 
 -s*. 
 
 album/en*, natural white 
 of egg; -in*, its chief con- 
 stituent; adj. -inous*. 
 
 Albury, Surrey. 
 
 Alcaeus of Mytilene. 
 
 alcayde*, a governor, not 
 -ade, -aide ; in Sp. al- 
 calde. 
 
 Alcestis, not Alk-. 
 
 Alcibiades, not Alk-. 
 
 alcoholize*, not -ise. 
 
 Alcoran, use Koran *. 
 
 Alcyone, pron. al-sy'o-ng. 
 
 Aldborough, Norfolk, 
 Yorks. 
 
 Aldbrough, Lines, Yorks. 
 
 Aldbury, Hereford. 
 
 Aldeburgh, Suffolk. 
 
 Alderbury, Wilts. 
 
 Alderman, abbr. Aid. 
 
 Alderney, Channel Isles. 
 
 Aldsw^orth, Gloucester. 
 
 Aldus Manutius, see 
 Manutius. 
 
 Aldworth, Berks. 
 
 Alectryon (myth.), pron. 
 a-lek'trg-On. 
 
 ale-house* (hyphen). 
 
 Alembert, see d*Al-. 
 
 Alencon lace (c). 
 
 a Vespagnole (Fr.), in 
 
 Spanish fashion (not cap.). 
 Alethea, 
 Aleutian Isles, Bering 
 
 Sea. 
 Alex., Alexander. 
 a I'extSrieur (Fr.), on the 
 
 outside. 
 Alford, Aberdeen, Lines. 
 Alfred, abbr. A., or Alf. 
 alfresco* (one word, not 
 
 ital.). 
 Alg., Algernon, Algiers, 
 alg/a* (bot.), pi. -as* (not 
 
 ital.). 
 algebra, abbr. alg. {see also 
 
 mathematics), 
 algology* (bot.). 
 Algonkin (U.S.A.), not 
 
 -quin. 
 alia (Lat.), other things. 
 alias] * (Lat.), otherwise; 
 
 pi. -es, 
 alibi/*, elsewhere ; pi. -s. 
 alienator*, not -er. 
 alieni appetens (Lat.), 
 
 greedy of another's pos- 
 sessions. 
 Aligarh, N.W. India. 
 Alighieri, family name of 
 
 Dante, 
 align, use aline *. 
 alii (Lat.), other people. 
 alimentativeness *, not 
 
 alimentive-. 
 Ali Messjid, Afghanistan, 
 aline/*, -ment*, «o/ align. 
 alittSa (Fr. m.), paragraph. 
 k rintSrieur{Fr.),m(ioors. 
 alio intuitu (Lat.), from 
 
 another point of view. 
 Alipur, India. 
 aliquid (Lat.), something, 
 
 somewhat. 
 all jus (Lat.), another per- 
 son ; pi. -/. 
 Aliwal, Punjab, also S. 
 
 Africa, 
 alkali/*, ;^/. -s*. 
 alkalize*, «o/-ise. 
 Alkestis, use Ale-. 
 Alkoran, use Koran*. 
 Alladin, use Aladdin. 
 Allahabad, N.W. India. 
 
ALLAN — ALTOGETHER 
 
 AUan-a-Dale, minstrel 
 hero. 
 
 alia Ventura (It.), at a 
 venture. 
 
 allie (Fr. f.), alley, avenue. 
 f Allegany, Pennsylvania. 
 
 allegement*. 
 
 Allegheny, mountains and 
 river, U.S.A. 
 
 allegiance*, «o^-eance. 
 
 allegorize *, not -ise. 
 
 Alleluia *, more usually 
 Hallelujah*. 
 
 Allen V. Flood, trade 
 union case. 
 
 Allendale, Northumb. 
 
 alleviator *, not -er. 
 
 allez vous en I (Fr.), be- 
 gone ! (no hyphen). 
 
 All Pools* Day* (caps., no 
 hyphen). 
 
 All-Hallows, All Saints' 
 Day, I Nov. (caps., hy- 
 phen). 
 
 Allhallows, near Roches- 
 ter (one word). 
 
 allineation*, not alin-. 
 
 alliterator*, not -er. 
 
 allonge (Fr. typ. f.), a fly- 
 leaf. 
 
 allonsl (Fr.), let us go, 
 come ! 
 
 allonym*, a pseudonym. 
 
 allot/*, -table*, -ted*, 
 -ting *. 
 
 air ottava (mus.), an 
 octave higher than 
 written ; abbr. all* Ott. 
 
 all right, not alright, all- 
 right. 
 
 all round* ("all round the 
 Wrekin"). 
 
 all-round* ("an all-round 
 man"). 
 
 AU/ Saints* Day*, i Nov.; 
 — Souls College, Ox- 
 ford (no apos.) ; — Souls* 
 Day*, 2 Nov.; — Souls* 
 Eve*, I Nov. (caps., 
 no hyphens). 
 
 allspice* (one word). 
 
 all together * (in a body) ; 
 but altogether* (en- 
 tirely). 
 
 alluvi/um*, pi. -a*. 
 Alma Mater*, fostering 
 
 mother, one's university. 
 almanac*, but "Oxford,** 
 
 also "'Whitaker's,** Al- 
 manack. 
 Alma Tadema (Sir 
 
 Lawrence), 1836-, 
 
 painter ; — (Miss 
 
 Laurence), writer. 
 Almighty (the) (cap.). 
 Almondbury, Yorks ; 
 
 pron. am'b6-r6. 
 Almondsbury, Glos. 
 Alnmouth, Northumb. 
 Alnwick, Northumberland; 
 
 pron. an'ik {see also 
 
 An"wick). 
 A.L.O.E., A Lady of 
 
 England (Charlotte M. 
 
 Tucker, 1821-93). 
 alouette (Fr. f.), lark 
 
 (bird). 
 k Voutrance should be h 
 
 outrance, to the utmost, 
 
 to the death. 
 aloyau (Fr. m.), sirloin of 
 
 beef. 
 Alpes-Maritimes, dep. 
 
 France. 
 Alphaeus, Apostle James's 
 
 father. 
 Alpheus River. 
 Alresford, Essex, Hants. 
 A.L.S. *, Associate of the 
 
 Linnean Society; auto- 
 graph letter signed, 
 alt., alternate, altitude. 
 Alt. J Altesse (Highness). 
 Altenburg, Saxe-Alten- 
 
 burg, Bavaria, Hungary, 
 
 Prussia. 
 alter] ego (Lat.), one's 
 
 second self; — Idem, 
 
 another self. 
 Altesse (Fr. f.), Highness; 
 
 abbr. Alt. 
 Altezza (It.), Highness. 
 Althorpe, Lines. 
 Althorp Library and 
 
 Park (Northants). 
 altitude, abbr. alt. 
 alto/* (mus. ),/>/. -s; abbr. A. 
 altogether*, entirely. 
 
ALTO — ANABAPTIZB 
 
 alto-rilievo/, pi. -s (not 
 ital.). 
 
 altruize*, not -ise. 
 
 aluminium *, symbol Al *. 
 
 alumnjus*f pi. -i*, fem. 
 -a, //. -«; abbr. alum. 
 
 Aiwa, Bombay. 
 
 Alwar, Rajpootana. 
 
 A.M.*, Artium Magister 
 (Master oi Kris)-, Ave Ma- 
 ria (Hail Mary !) (caps.). 
 
 A.M.*, anno mundi (in 
 the year of the world) 
 (s,caps.). 
 
 a.m.. *, ante meridiem (be- 
 fore noon) (lower case). 
 
 amali* (Ind.), wet-nurse. 
 
 Amalek, not -ech, -eck. 
 
 amantl, a lover, />/. -s;/em. 
 -e, pi. -es. 
 
 amantium irae (Lat.), 
 lovers' quarrels. 
 
 amanuens/is*, pi. -es*. 
 
 amari aliquid (Lat.), 
 something bitter. 
 
 amateur, abbr. A. 
 
 a maxitnis ad minima 
 (Lat.), from the greatest 
 to the smallest. 
 
 Amballa, India, not Um-. 
 
 Amboyna *, not -ina. 
 
 A.M.D., Army Medical 
 Department. 
 
 amej damnee (Fr.), a 
 * ' cat' s pa w " ; — de boue, 
 abase, ungenerous spirit. 
 
 Amednagar, N.W. India, 
 use Ahm.ed-. 
 
 Am.eer*, not Amir, Emir. 
 
 amende honorable (Fr. 
 f.), honourable repara- 
 tion. 
 
 a mensa et toro (Lat.), 
 from bed and board, not 
 thoro. 
 
 ^me perdue (Fr.), a des- 
 perate character. 
 
 Amer., America, -n. 
 
 Americanize*, wo^-ise. 
 
 k merveille (Fr.), per- 
 fectly, wonderfully. 
 
 A.M.I. C.E., 5^^ Assoc. M. 
 Inst.C.E. 
 
 amicus curiae (Lat), a 
 
 friend of the Court, a dis- 
 interested adviser. 
 
 A.M.I.E.E., 
 
 Associate 
 
 Member of the Institution 
 of Electrical Engineers. 
 
 Am/ir, use -eer *. 
 
 Ammergau, Bavaria. 
 
 ammeter * (elec.),/orm^r/y 
 amperom.eter. 
 
 amoeb/a,/'/. -sb (not ital.). 
 
 k moitiS (Fr.), half. 
 
 amorl patriae {La.t.\\o\eoi 
 one s country ; — sceler" 
 atus habendi, accursed 
 love of possessing. 
 
 Amos (Old Test.), not to 
 be abbreviated. 
 
 amour-propre * (not ital.). 
 
 Ampere (A. M.), 1775- 
 1836, electrician (accent). 
 
 amper/e, -age, electrical 
 unit (no accent) ; abbr. 
 amp. 
 
 ampersand* = &, may be 
 used in names of firms 
 as Smith & Co., but not 
 at the beginning or end 
 of lines; etc. preferred 
 to &c. 
 
 amphibi/um*, pi. -a*. 
 
 Amphictyonic* Council 
 (caps.). 
 
 amphor/a*, ajar; pi. -8B*. 
 
 Amritsar, India, not Um- 
 ritsur. 
 
 Amur, Siberia, not -oor. 
 
 an, not a, before all words 
 beginning with a vowel 
 (not having the sound of 
 w, wh, or y), silent /i, or 
 aspirated h when the ac- 
 cent is not upon the first 
 syllable of the word, as : 
 an harmonious, an heir, 
 -loom, an heraldic, an 
 hereditary, an heroic, an 
 historian, an historical, an 
 honest, an honour, -able, 
 an horizontal, an hotel, 
 an hour, -glass. i^See also 
 •* a , not an,**) 
 
 A.-N., Anglo- Norman. 
 
 ana*, sayings. 
 
 anabaptize*» «o/ise. 
 
ANACOLUTHON — ANGOULEMB 
 
 anacoluth/on* (gram.), pi. 
 -a*, ;/o/ -outhon, -kolou- 
 thon, -luthon. 
 
 Anacr., Anacreon, -tic. 
 
 ansBinia*. 
 
 anaesthetize*, «o^ -ise. 
 
 anal., analogy, -ous, 
 analyse, -r,-is,analytic,-al. 
 
 analogous, abbr. anal. 
 
 analogy, abbr. anal. 
 
 analys/e*, -er* -is*, pi. 
 -es; abbr. anal. 
 
 analytic/, -al; abbr. anal. 
 
 Anam, Siam, «o/Ann-. 
 
 anamorphos/is*, pi, -es. 
 
 anapaest*, a reversed dac- 
 tyl, not -pest. 
 
 anastomos/is*, pi. -es*. 
 
 an at., anatomy, -ical, -ist. 
 
 anathematize*, «o/ -ise. 
 
 anatomize*, «o^-ise. 
 
 anatom/y, -ical, -ist ; 
 abbr. anat. 
 
 anatta* (bot.), Mo/arnotto. 
 
 ancestress*, Mo/-trix. 
 
 anchorite*, not -et. 
 
 anchylosis *, not ank-. 
 
 ancienne noblesse (Fr. 
 f.), the old nobility. 
 
 ancien regime (Fr. m.), 
 the old order of things. 
 
 ancient, abbr. anc. 
 
 " Ancient Marin er ' ' 
 (Rime of the), by S. T. 
 Coleridge, 1798. 
 
 Ancient Order of 
 Druids, abbr. A.O.D. ; 
 ditto Foresters, A.O.F. ; 
 ditto Hibernians, 
 
 A.O.H. 
 
 ancle, m5^ ankle*. 
 
 and (gram.), when a«rf joins 
 two or more subjects in 
 the singular number the 
 verb must be in the pi., as 
 Jack and Gill are going. 
 Where and joins tw^o 
 single words the comma is 
 generally omitted. 
 
 "and" or" , and" The late 
 Herbert Spencer allowed 
 me to quote from his 
 hetter : — " whether to 
 write 'black, white, and 
 
 green,' with the comma 
 after white, or to leave out 
 the comma and write 
 'black, white and green' 
 — I very positively de- 
 cide in favour of the first. 
 To me the comma is of 
 value as marking out the 
 component elements of a 
 thought, and where any 
 set of components of a 
 thought are of equal value, 
 they should be punctuated 
 in printing and in speech 
 equally. Evidently there- 
 fore in this case, inasmuch 
 as when enumerating 
 these colours black, white, 
 and green, the white is 
 just as much to be 
 emphasized as the other 
 two, it needs the pause 
 after it just as much as the 
 black does." 
 
 and, see also ampersand. 
 
 Andersen(H ansC.) , 1 805- 
 75, writer of fairy tales. 
 
 Andrea del Sarto, i486- 
 153 1, It. painter. 
 
 "Andria,**play by Terence. 
 
 Androcles, not -kles. 
 
 Anfangsbuchstabe (Ger. 
 typ. m.>, initial letter. 
 
 Anfiihrungszeichen ( Ger. 
 n.), quotation marks. 
 
 Angelico (Fra), 1387- 
 1455, It. painter. 
 
 anglais I (Fr.), /em. -e, 
 English (not cap.). 
 
 angle, the sign Z ; angle 
 between two lines A ; 
 right angle L ; two right 
 angles -L. 
 
 Anglesea, Wales, not -ey. 
 
 Anglesey (Marquess of). 
 
 anglice, in English (no 
 accent) ; abbr. angl. 
 
 anglicize*, not -ise (not 
 cap.). 
 
 Anglo/-French, abbr. 
 A.-F. ; — -Norman, 
 
 abbr. A.-N. ; Saxon, 
 
 abbr. A.-S. 
 
 Angouleme, d^p. France. 
 
■I 
 
 Angstrom (A. J.), 1814-74, 
 chemist ; pron. Ong'strom. 
 
 anguis in herba (Lat.), 
 snake in the grass. 
 
 animalcule/ *, pi. -s. 
 
 animalculjunif pi. -a*. 
 
 ankle *, nof anc-. 
 
 Anmerkungen (Ger. f.), 
 notes (cap.) ; abbr. Anm. 
 
 ann., annales, annals, anni 
 (years), annual. 
 
 anna/*, 16 to rupee ; pi. -s. 
 
 annales {Fr. pi. f.), annals; 
 abbr. ann. 
 
 annals, abbr. ann. 
 
 Ann Arbor, U.S.A. 
 
 "Anne of Geierstein," 
 by Sir W. Scott, 1829. 
 
 Anne (Queen), 1665-1714, 
 not Ann. 
 
 annoj (Lat.), in the year, 
 abbr. ann. ; — astatis 
 suaSf aged, abbr. ast,, or 
 astat, ; — Domini (cap. 
 Z)),abbr. A.D.(s.caps.),to 
 be placed 6^r^ the figures ; 
 
 — humanas salutis, 
 in the year of human 
 salvation, abbr. A.H.S. ; 
 
 — mundif in the year 
 of the world, abbr. A.M. 
 (s.caps.); —post Ctiris- 
 turn natum, in the year 
 after the birth of Christ, 
 abbr. A.P.C.N. (s.caps.) ; 
 
 — post Romam con- 
 ditam, in the year after 
 the building of Rome, 
 754 B.C., abbr. A.P.R.C. 
 (s.caps.) ; — salutis, in 
 the year of salvation, 
 abbr. A.S. (s.caps.). 
 
 annos vixit (Lat.), he, or 
 she, lived so many years; 
 abbr. a.v. 
 
 annotat/ed*,-or*, «o/-er; 
 abbr. annot. 
 
 annoyed by complaints 
 means if they should be 
 made ; annoyed with — , 
 that they are made. 
 
 annual, abbr. ann. 
 
 Annunciation Day, 25 
 March. 
 
 AWaSTROM — ANTITHESIS 
 
 annjus (Lat.), year ; pi. -A 
 
 anonymous, abbr. anon. 
 
 answer, abbr. ans. 
 
 answers (typ. ), commence 
 a new paragraph in print- 
 ing legal work ; in official 
 work (committees and 
 commissions) they follow 
 after an em dash in same 
 paragraph. 
 
 Ant., Anthony, Antigua. 
 
 ant., antonym. 
 
 Antaeus. 
 
 antagonize*, «o/ -ise. 
 
 Antarctic regions. 
 
 ante] (Lat.), before ; — bel- 
 lum, before the war. 
 
 antechamber *, not anti-. 
 
 ante diem (Lat.), before 
 the day; abbr. a.d. 
 
 antediluvian *. 
 
 antefix/ (arch.), pi. -es. 
 
 antej litem motam (Lat. ). 
 before litigation com- 
 menced; — lucem, before 
 the light. 
 
 antemeridian * (one 
 word). 
 
 ante meridiem (Lat.), be- 
 fore noon ; abbr. a.m. 
 
 antenn/a* (zool.),/»/. -as*. 
 
 ante-room* (hyphen). 
 
 Anthony, abbr. Ant. 
 
 anthropolog/y, -ical ; 
 abbr. anthrop. 
 
 anthropomorphize*, not 
 -ise. 
 
 anthropophag/us*, pl.-i*, 
 
 anticline* (geol.). 
 
 Antigua, abbr. Ant. 
 
 antimony*, symbol Sb*. 
 
 antipathize *, not -ise. 
 
 antiq., antiquary, -ian. 
 
 antiqs., antiquities. 
 
 Antiqua (Ger. typ. f.), ro- 
 man type (cap.). 
 
 antisabbatarian * (one 
 word). 
 
 Anti-Semite (caps., hy- 
 phen). 
 
 Antisthenes. 
 
 antistrophon*, a retort. 
 
 antisyzygy*. 
 
 antithes/is *, pi. -es *. 
 
 ^3 
 
ANTITHESIZE — APPAL 
 
 antithesize *, not -ise. 
 
 anti-tobaccoist, noi -nist. 
 
 antitype *, not ante-. 
 
 antonym*, a word of oppo- 
 site meaning ; abbr. ant. 
 
 Anvers, Seine-et-Oise, Fr. 
 
 Anvers, Fr. for Antwerp. 
 
 Anverse, Maine-et-Loire, 
 France. 
 
 Anwick, Lines {see also 
 Alnwick). 
 
 anybody*, any person. 
 
 any body*, any number of 
 persons. 
 
 anyhow* (one word). 
 
 anyone* (any person). 
 
 any one* (of a collection). 
 
 any /thing *, -where * (one 
 word). 
 
 Anzeige] (Ger. f.), notice, 
 advertisement ; pi. -n. 
 
 A.O., Army Order ; A.O.C., 
 — Ordnance Corps ; 
 A.O.D., — Ordnance De- 
 partment, Ancient Order 
 of Druids ; A.O.F., ditto 
 Foresters ; A.O.H., ditto 
 Hibernians ; A.O.S., ditto 
 Shepherds, 
 
 aorist, abbr. aor. 
 
 aort/a* (anat), pi. -SB. 
 
 A.O.S.E., American Order 
 of Stationary Engineers. 
 
 A.O.S.S., Americanx On- 
 entalis Soctetatis Socius 
 (Fellow of the American 
 Oriental Society). 
 
 A.O.U., American Ornith- 
 ologists' Union. 
 
 aoCit (Fr. m.), August (not 
 cap.). 
 
 a ou trance (Fr.), to the 
 bitter end, MO^al'outrance. 
 
 A. P., Associated Presby- 
 terian ; a.p., above proof, 
 author'sproof ; Ap., Apos- 
 tle ; A.P.A., American 
 Protestant Association. 
 
 Apache, U.S.A. 
 
 apanage*, «o/ app-. 
 
 apart (Fr.), apart. 
 
 apartment, in Fr. m. ap- 
 partement 
 
 A.P.C.N., anno post Christum 
 
 natum (in the year after 
 the birth of Christ). 
 
 ap/e*, -ed*, -ing*, -ish*. 
 
 A.P.D., Army Pay Depart 
 ment. 
 
 Apennines, Italy (three 
 n's). 
 
 aperqu (Fr. m.), outline (f). 
 
 a pea de frais (Fr.), at 
 cost ; apeupres, nearly. 
 
 apex/*, pi. -es*. 
 
 aphBBretic*. 
 
 aphorize*, «o/-ise. 
 
 aphthong*, a mute letter. 
 
 h pled (Fr.), on foot. 
 
 h plaisir{¥r.), at pleasure. 
 
 aplanatic* (optics), with- 
 out error. 
 
 aplomb*, self-possession. 
 
 Apocalypse*, abbr. Apoc. 
 
 Apocrypha* (cap. A); 
 abbr. Apocr. (for abbr. of 
 books see under names). 
 
 apodictic*, not -deictic. 
 
 apogee* (astr.), abbr.apog. 
 
 Apollo Belvedere, not — 
 Belvi-. 
 
 apologize *, not -ise. 
 
 apophthegm *, not apoth-. 
 
 apostasy*, not -cy. 
 
 apostatize*, not -ise. 
 
 a posteriori *, not a — (not 
 ital.). 
 
 Apostle, abbr. Ap.,/>/.App, 
 
 Apostles* Creed (caps.). 
 
 ApOStrophj {Ger. m.), apos- 
 trophe; pi. -en (cap.). 
 
 apostrophe, see posses- 
 sive case, punctua- 
 tion II, quotations. 
 
 apostrophize *, not -ise. 
 
 apothecaries weight, 
 signs : w^ minim ; 9 scru- 
 ple ; 3 drachm ; | ounce ; 
 lb. pound. Quantities 
 in lower-case letters : if 
 quantity ends with t, final 
 i' becomes y, as vij=7. 
 
 apothegm use apo- 
 phthegm *. 
 
 apotheos/is *, pi. -es. 
 
 App., Apostles. 
 
 app., appendix. 
 
 appal/*, -led*, -ling*. 
 
APPALACHIAN" — ARCHEOLOGY 
 
 Appalachian Mts., E. 
 North America. 
 
 appanage, use apa-*. 
 
 apparatus*, sing, and pL, 
 not -i (a useful synonym 
 " appliances"). 
 
 apparel/*, -led*, -ling*. 
 
 apparitor*, not -er. 
 
 appartemeni (Fr. m.), 
 apartment. 
 
 appeasement*, wo^sment. 
 
 append/ix, abbr. app. ; 
 general pi. -ixes*, zool. 
 pi. -ices *, abbr. apps. 
 
 appetize*, not -ise. 
 
 appIIqujS* {Fr.),/em. -6e ; 
 appliqu6d*. 
 
 appreciator*, not -er. 
 
 apprentice, abbr. appr. 
 
 apprise * (to inform). 
 
 apprize* (to value). 
 
 appro., approbation. 
 
 approver* (law). 
 
 approximat/e, -ely, -ion; 
 abbr. approx. 
 
 A.P.R.C, anno post Romam 
 condUam (in the year after 
 the building of Rome, 754 
 B.C.) (s.caps.). 
 
 apres] (Fr.), after, what 
 next ? — coup, too late ; 
 — Uvraisotiy after de- 
 livery (of goods), abbr. 
 
 a./. ; midi, afternoon 
 
 (hyphen) ; — mol (or 
 nous) le dSIuge, after 
 me (or us) the Deluge. 
 
 April (typ.), not to be ab- 
 breviated ; in Fr. avril 
 (not cap.). 
 
 a prima vista (It.), at first 
 sight. 
 
 a primo (Lat.), from the 
 first ; a principio, from 
 the beginning; a priori*, 
 deductively, not a — (not 
 ital.). 
 
 h propos usual, but apro- 
 pos * ; a propos de 
 bottes (Fr.), beside the 
 mark. 
 
 A.P.S., Aborigines Pro- 
 tection Society, American 
 Peace Society, American 
 
 Protestant Society, Asso- 
 ciate of the Pharmaceu- 
 tical Society. 
 
 apse* (arch.), pi. apses*. 
 
 apsis* (astr.),j^/. apsides*, 
 proH. ap-si'des. 
 
 A.P.U.C, Association for 
 PromotingUnity of Christ- 
 endom. 
 
 ap«/<f (Lat.), according to, in 
 the work, or works, of. 
 
 aq., aqua (water). 
 
 A.Q.C., Associate of 
 Queen'sCollege (London). 
 
 A.Q.M.G., Assistant-Quar- 
 termaster-General. 
 
 aquarium/ *, pi. -s*. 
 
 a quatre mains (Fr. mus.), 
 for two performers. 
 
 A.R., anno regni {in the year 
 of the reign) (s.caps.). 
 
 A.H.A., Associate of the 
 Ro3'al Academy, London. 
 
 Arabi/a, -an, -c; abbr. 
 Arab. 
 
 **ArabianWights*Enter- 
 tainments (The).** 
 
 arabic numerals, figures 
 used in ordinary computa- 
 tion, as I, 2, 3 (not cap.). 
 
 arach., arachnology. 
 
 arasostyle* (arch.). 
 
 Aragon, not Arr-. 
 
 A.R.A.M., Associate of the 
 Royal Academy of Music. 
 
 Aramaic*, Semitic dialect ; 
 abbr. Aram. 
 
 arbiter elegantiarum 
 (Lat.), a judge of taste. 
 
 arboriculture, abbr. ar- 
 bor. 
 
 arc *, sign '^. 
 
 Arcades ambo (Lat.), two 
 with like tastes. 
 
 A.R.C.E., Academical 
 
 Rank of Civil Engineer. 
 
 arc-en-ciel (Fr. m.), rain- 
 bow ; pi. arcs . 
 
 Arch., Archibald. 
 
 arch., archaic, -ism, 
 archery, archipelago, 
 architect, -ural, -ure. 
 
 archaeolog/y *, -ical * ; 
 abbr. archseol. 
 
 15 
 
ABCHANGEL — ARMY 
 
 archangel* (one word). 
 
 Archbishop, abbr. Abp. 
 
 Archd., Archdeacon, Arch- 
 duke. 
 
 archery, abbr, arch. 
 
 archetype *, not archi-. 
 
 archidiaconal*, not ar- 
 chide-. 
 
 archipelago/*, pi. -s*; 
 abbr. arch. 
 
 architect/, -ural, -ure; 
 abbr. arch. 
 
 A.R.C.M., Associate of the 
 Royal College of Music ; 
 A.R.C.O., ditto Organ- 
 ists ; A.B,.C.S., ditto 
 Science. 
 
 Arctic regions (cap. A). 
 
 Ardleigh, near Colchester. 
 
 Ardley, near Bicester. 
 
 A.R.E., Associate of the 
 Royal Society of Painter- 
 Etchers. 
 
 k reculons (Fr.), back- 
 wards. 
 
 aren't (typ.), to be close 
 up. 
 
 areol/a*, a small area; pi. 
 -aB* (not ital.). 
 
 Arequipa, S. Amer. 
 
 a rez de chaussSe (Fr.), 
 on the ground floor. 
 
 argel, a shrub, not -hel. 
 
 argent comptant (Fr. m. ) , 
 ready money. 
 
 argentuttiy silver, symbol 
 Ag (no point). 
 
 argot*, slang (not ital.). 
 
 argumentum adj cru- 
 tnenam, argument to the 
 
 purse ; hoc, — for 
 
 this (purpose) ; ho- 
 
 mlnetn, — to the man's 
 interests ; — — igtlO- 
 rantianiy — based on the 
 adversary's ignorance ; — 
 
 — invidiam, — to men's 
 hatreds or prejudices ; — 
 — rem, — to the purpose ; 
 
 — — verecundiam, 
 appeal to modesty; ar^ 
 gumentum baculinum 
 (Lat.), argument of the 
 stick, club-law. 
 
 Argyle/ (Minnesota") ; — 
 Place, W.C. ; — Road, 
 E. and N.E. ; — Square, 
 W.C.;— Street, W.C. 
 
 Argyll/ and the Isles 
 (Bp. of) ; — (Duke of); 
 
 — Place, W. ; — Road, 
 W. ; — Street, W. 
 
 Argyllshire, abbr. Argyl. 
 
 A.R.H. A., Associate of the 
 Royal Hibernian Acad- 
 emy; A.R.I.B.A., ditto 
 Royal Institute of British 
 Architects. 
 
 Arian* (theol.), a follower 
 of Arius. 
 
 Ariege, France. 
 
 Aristotelean*, not -ian. 
 
 arithmetic/, -al, -ian ; 
 abbr. arith. 
 
 Ariz., Arizona (off. abbr.). 
 
 Ark., Arkansas (off. abbr.). 
 
 ark of the Covenant* 
 (cap. Conly). 
 
 Arlay, dep. Jura, France. 
 
 Arle, Glos. 
 
 Aries, dep. Bouches-du- 
 Rhone, France. 
 
 arles* (Sc), an earnest. 
 
 Arm., Armenian, Armoric. 
 
 armadillo/ *, pi. -s *. 
 
 arm-chair * (hyphen). 
 
 Armenian*, of Armenia. 
 
 armes blanches (Fr.), side 
 arms — bayonet, sabre, or 
 sword. 
 
 armfuiy*, pi. -s. 
 
 Arminians, followers of 
 Arminius. 
 
 armourer-serjeant, abbr. 
 armr.-serjt. 
 
 Army (Navy and), in 
 toasts, etc., the Navy be- 
 ing the senior service is 
 placed first. 
 
 Army/ Hospital Corps, 
 A.H.C. ; — Medical 
 Department, A.M.D. ; 
 Staff, A.M.S. ; 
 
 — Nursing Service, 
 A.W.S.; — Order,A.O.; 
 
 — Ordnance Corps, 
 A.O.C. ; Depart- 
 ment, A.O.D. ; — Pay 
 
 i6 
 
AKMY — A.S.C.E.A. 
 
 Department, A.P.D. ; 
 Army/ Service Corps, 
 A.S.C, ; — Veterinary 
 Department, A.V.D. 
 
 Amold-Forster (H. O.), 
 1 855-, statesman (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 arnotto, use anatta*. 
 
 Arola, Piedmont. 
 
 Arolla, Switzerland. 
 
 Arolo, Lombardy. 
 
 aroma/*, pi. -s. 
 
 Aroostook, Canada. 
 
 A.R.P., Associated Re- 
 formed Presbyterian. 
 
 arquebus, use har-*. 
 
 A.R.R., anno regni Regis or 
 Reginx (in the year of the 
 King's or Queen's reign) 
 (s.caps.). 
 
 arr., arranged, arrive, -ed, 
 -es, -als. 
 
 arrectis auribus (Lat.), 
 with ears erect. 
 
 arrikrej -garde (Fr. f.), 
 rearguard ; — 'pensSe, 
 a mental reservation, 
 pi. -S. 
 
 arriv/e, -ed, -es, -als; 
 abbr, arr. 
 
 "Arrows of the Chace," 
 by Ruskin, not Chase. 
 
 A.H.S.A., Associate of the 
 Royal Scottish Academy, 
 Associate of the Royal 
 Society of Arts. 
 
 arsenic *, symbol As *. 
 
 ars est celare artem 
 (Lat.), the art is to conceal 
 art. 
 
 A.H.S.Ij., Associate of the 
 Royal Society of Litera- 
 ture ; A.R.S.M., ditto 
 School of Mines {now 
 Royal College of Science). 
 
 art., article, artificial, ar- 
 tillery, artist. 
 
 "Artemis Prologuizes," 
 by R. Browning. 
 
 Arthez, dep. Basses- Py- 
 renees. 
 
 Arthies,dep. Seine-et-Oise. 
 
 arthropod/*, pi. -s*, Lat. 
 //. -a*. 
 
 artichaut (Fr. m.), arti- 
 choke. 
 
 article, abbr. art. 
 
 article de fond (Fr. m.), 
 newspaper leading article.^ 
 
 articles of roup (Sc law), 
 conditions of sale. 
 
 articles (titles of), when 
 cited, to be roman double- 
 quoted. 
 
 artificial, abbr. art. 
 
 artificialize*, «o/-ise. 
 
 artillery, abbr. A., or 
 art. 
 
 artisan *, not -zan. 
 
 artist*, ^' one who practises, 
 or is skilled in any art " 
 (O.E.D.) ; abbr. art. 
 
 artiste*, "a public per- 
 former who appeals to the 
 aesthetic faculties, also one 
 who makes a 'fine art' of his 
 employment" (O.E.D.). 
 Use artist (not ital.). 
 
 artist's proof, see proofs 
 of engravings. 
 
 A.R.U., American Railway 
 Union. 
 
 Arimdel (Earl of). 
 
 Arundell of Wardour 
 (Baron). 
 
 Arva, Cavan, not Arvagh. 
 
 A.R.W.S., Associate of 
 the Royal Water-Colour 
 Society. 
 
 Aryan*, Indo-European, 
 not -ian. 
 
 A.S., Academy of Science; 
 assistant-secretary. 
 
 A.-S., Anglo-Saxon. 
 
 A.S., anno salutis (in the 
 year of salvation) (s.caps.). 
 
 As., Asia, -n, -tic. 
 
 As*, arsenic. 
 
 A.S.A., American Statis- 
 tical Association. 
 
 asafcetida*, not ass-. 
 
 Asbjornsen (P. C), 1812- 
 85, Norwegian writer. 
 
 A.S.C, Army Service 
 Corps; A.Sc, Associate 
 in Science; A.S.C.E.A., 
 American Society of Civil 
 Engineers and Architects. 
 17 2 
 
ASCENDANCE — ASSEMBLIES 
 
 ascendan/ce *, -cy*, -t*, 
 not -ence, -cy, -t. 
 
 Ascension Day (caps., 
 two words). 
 
 aseititious, use adsci-*. 
 
 Asclepiad*, «o/Ask-. 
 
 A.S.E., Amalgamated So- 
 ciety of Engineers. 
 
 asepsis, exemption from 
 putrefaction. 
 
 "as follows: — ** (colon, 
 dash only before new 
 paragraph). 
 
 A.S.G.B., Aeronautical So- 
 ciety of Great Britain. 
 
 Ashanti, W. Afr., not -ee. 
 
 Ashby - de - la - Zouch, 
 Leicester (hyphens). 
 
 ashlar* (arch.), not -er. 
 
 ashore* (one word). 
 
 ash-pit* (hyphen). 
 
 Asia/, -n, -tic, abbr. As. 
 
 as in prassenti (Lat.), a 
 memoria technica of rudi- 
 ments. 
 
 A.S.M.E.jAmericanSociety 
 of Mechanical Engineers. 
 
 Asni^res, Paris suburb ; 
 pron. an'eair. 
 
 Asola, Lombardy ; pron. 
 as'6-la. 
 
 Asolo, Venetia ; pron. 
 as'6-lo. 
 
 A.S.P., Astronomical So- 
 ciety of the Pacific, Fr. 
 accepte sous protet (ac- 
 cepted under protest). 
 
 A.S.P.C.A., American So- 
 ciety for Prevention of 
 Cruelty to Animals. 
 
 asper*, Gr. breathing ('). 
 
 asperge {Fr.f.), asparagus. 
 
 asperges *, holy - water 
 sprinkler. 
 
 asphalt*, not -e. 
 
 aspic*, apoisonousserpent, 
 the great lavender, a 
 savoury jelly, piece of light 
 ordnance. 
 
 A.S.R.S., Amalgamated So- 
 ciety of Railway Servants. 
 
 assafoetida, use asa-*. 
 
 assagai *, not asse-, basse-. 
 
 assai/lant, in Fr. m. -Ilant 
 
 \^ 
 
 assassin*. 
 
 assault-at-arms (not of). 
 Ass.-Com.-Gen., Assist- 
 ant-Commissary-General, 
 assegai, use assagai*. 
 Assemblies, National 
 
 and Federal : — 
 
 America, U.S.A. — Con- 
 gress (Senate and House 
 of Representatives). 
 
 Australia : each Colony 
 and the Common- 
 wealth — Legislative 
 Council and Legisla- 
 tive Assembly. 
 
 Austria — Reichsrat (Up- 
 per and Lower House). 
 
 Belgium — Senate and 
 Chamber of Represent- 
 atives. 
 
 Brazil — General Assem- 
 bly (Senate and Cham- 
 ber of Deputies). 
 
 Bulgaria — Sobranje. 
 
 Canada — Parliament 
 (Senate and House of 
 Commons). 
 
 China — The Grand Cab- 
 inet, Grand Secretariat, 
 and the seven Boards. 
 
 Denmark — Rigsdag 
 (Landsthing and Folke- 
 ting). 
 
 France — Senate and 
 
 Chamber of Deputies. 
 
 Germany — Reichstag and 
 Bundesrat ; Landtag 
 (Prussia and other 
 States). 
 
 Great Britain — Parlia- 
 ment (House of Lords, 
 House of Commons). 
 
 Greece — House of Repre- 
 sentativesand the Boule. 
 
 Holland — Staats-General 
 (First Chamber, Second 
 Chamber). 
 
 Hungary — Reichstag 
 (House of Magnates, 
 House of Represent- 
 atives). 
 
 Japan — Imperial Diet 
 (consisting of two 
 Houses). 
 
ASSEMBLIES — ASTRONOMY 
 
 Assemblies, National 
 and Federal (cont.): — 
 Norway — Storthing(Lag- 
 thing and Odelsthing). 
 Portugal — Cortes (House 
 of Peers, House of Dep- 
 uties). 
 Russia — Council of the 
 
 Empire and Senate. 
 Servia— Skuptschina. 
 Spain— Cortes (Senate 
 and Chamber of Dep- 
 uties). 
 Sweden — Staatsrdd and 
 
 Riksdag. 
 Switzerland — Federal As- 
 sembly (Standerat and 
 Nationalrat). 
 
 Assembly (Churches of 
 Scotland) (cap. A). 
 
 assenter*, in law -or*. 
 
 asserter *, one who asserts. 
 
 assertor*, an advocate. 
 
 assess/able*, -or*. 
 
 asseZi6ye/l(Fr.),fairIywell. 
 
 assiettesj {Fr. cook. pi. f.), 
 plates ; —volantes, small 
 entrees. 
 
 assignor * " correlative 
 with assignee" (O.E.D.). 
 
 Assiniboia, Canada, noi 
 Assinn-. 
 
 assistant, abbr. asst. 
 
 assist/er*, in law -or*. 
 
 assizer*, «o/-ser, -sor, -zor. 
 
 assizes* (law), pi. form 
 usual. 
 
 assoc, associate, -ion ; 
 Assoc.Inst.C.E., Asso- 
 ciate of the Institution of 
 Civil Engineers ; Assoc. 
 M.Inst.C.E., Associate 
 Member ditto (ofBc. 
 abbrs.) ; Assoc.Sc, As- 
 sociate in Science. 
 
 asst., assistant. 
 
 A.S.S.U., American Sun- 
 day School Union. 
 
 assuager*, noi -or. 
 
 Assuan, Egypt, not the 
 many variations. 
 
 assurance*, ''the present 
 usage is to differentiate 
 life assurance, and fire 
 
 19 
 
 and marine insurance^* 
 (O.E.D.). 
 
 assurer*, " he who, or that 
 which, gives assurance " 
 (O.E.D.). 
 
 assuror*, <'an under- 
 writer" (O.E.D.). 
 
 Assyr., Assyrian. 
 
 assythment* (Sc. law), 
 action for damages. 
 
 a-starboard (hyphen). 
 
 asterisk, in this work sig- 
 nifies spelling used in 
 the ''Oxford English 
 Dictionary"; in college 
 lists of members, de- 
 ceased ; at end of news- 
 paper adverts., paid; in 
 R.C. Church books di- 
 vides each verse into 
 two parts, and marks the 
 responses ; (typ.) in sig- 
 natures, the cancels, cut- 
 ofTs, or third pages. 
 
 Asti, It. red wine. 
 
 astonied * (Bib.), be- 
 wildered. 
 
 astr., astronomy, -er. 
 
 Astrabad, Persia. 
 
 Astrakhan*, «o^-chan. 
 
 astrol., astrology, -er. 
 
 Astronomer Royal 
 
 (caps., no hyphen). 
 
 astronomy, abbr. astr. ; 
 
 — planetary signs : 
 Sun, O ; Moon, new, ^ ; 
 Moon, first quarter, ]) ; 
 Moon, full, O ; Moon, last 
 quarter, C ; Mercury, ^ ; 
 Venus, $ ; Earth, ; 
 Mars, (J ; Jupiter, 11 ; 
 Saturn, Fj > Uranus, 1^ ; 
 Neptune, ^ ; asteroids in 
 order of discovery , (7), (3), 
 (3), etc. ; fixed star, #, 
 or% ; conjunction, (^ ; op- 
 position, § ; ascending 
 node, S3; descending node, 
 
 83- 
 
 — zodiacal signs : 
 Aries, T ; Taurus, Q j 
 Gemini, n ; Cancer, ffi ; 
 
ASTRONOMY — AUNTIE 
 
 astronomy {cont). 
 
 Leo, ^ ; Virgo, TIJ^ ; 
 Libra, £1: ; Scorpio, 1T\^ ; 
 Sagittarius, J: ; Capri - 
 cornuSjVf ; Aquarius, S2J J 
 Pisces, K- 
 
 Asturias, Spain, not to 
 be preceded by "the." 
 
 A.T. (Ger.), Altes Testa- 
 ment (the Old — ). 
 
 at., atomic. 
 
 Atahualpa, the last Inca. 
 
 atar, use attar*. 
 
 Atehta,Sumatra, ms^ Ach-. 
 
 atelier*, studio (not ital.). 
 
 Athabasca, Canada ; abbr. 
 Ath. 
 
 a'thegither (Scots colloq.). 
 
 atheize *, not -ise. 
 
 Atheling*, wo/Aeth-. 
 
 AthenaBum *. 
 
 Athol, Canada, New Zea- 
 land. 
 
 AthoU (Duke of). 
 
 Atl., Atlantic. 
 
 Atlas* (arch.), pi. At- 
 lantes*. 
 
 atomic, abbr. at. 
 
 atonable*. not -eable. 
 
 a tort et a travers (Fr.), 
 at random. 
 
 a toutj prendre (Fr.), on 
 
 the whole; prix, 
 
 at any price. 
 
 atra cura (Lat.), black care. 
 
 a travers (Fr.), across. 
 
 A.T.S., American Temper- 
 ance Society, American 
 Tract Society. 
 
 ats. (law), at suit of. 
 
 attach^/*, pi. -s (not ital.). 
 
 attainer*, not -ov. 
 
 attar* (as of roses), not 
 atar, otto, ottar. 
 
 Att.-Gen., Attorney-Gen- 
 eral. 
 
 Attic salt*, delicate wit 
 (cap. A). 
 
 attitudinize*, «o^-ise. 
 
 attorn* (law), to transfer. 
 
 attorney, abbr. atty. 
 
 Attorney- General, abbr. 
 A.-G., or Att.-Gen. 
 
 attractor*, not -er. 
 
 Atwood's machine (phy- 
 sics), not Att-. 
 
 at. wt., atomic weight. 
 
 Au, aurum (gold). 
 
 A.U.A., American Unit- 
 arian Association. 
 
 auberge* (Fr. f.), an inn ; 
 aubergiste* (m. or f.), 
 inn-keeper. 
 
 Aubign6, dep. Deux- 
 Sevres. 
 
 Aubigny, dep. Nord. 
 
 A.U.C., anno urbis conditx (in 
 [the year from] the build- 
 ing of the city [Rome] in 
 754 B.C.) (s.caps.). 
 
 Auchnashellach, Ross- 
 shire, use Ach-. 
 
 au\ contraire (Fr.), on the 
 contrary ; — COUratltde, 
 fully acquainted with ; — 
 dSsespoIr, in despair. 
 
 audi alteram partem 
 (Lat.), hear the other 
 side! 
 
 Auditor- General, abbr. 
 Aud.-Gen. 
 
 au fait* (Fr.), thoroughly 
 conversant with. 
 
 Auflagej (Ger.f.), an unal- 
 tered edition;/"/. -11 (cap.). 
 
 au fond (Fr.), at the bot- 
 tom. 
 
 Aug., August. 
 
 aug., augmentative. 
 
 Augean* (cap.). 
 
 aught*, anything (see also 
 nau-). 
 
 auj grand serieux (Fr. ) , in 
 all seriousness ; — gra^ 
 tin, with grated bread or 
 cheese. 
 
 August, abbr. Aug. 
 
 Auld lang syne. 
 
 Auld Reekie*, Old Smoky, 
 that is Edinburgh. 
 
 "Auld Robin Gray" 
 (Sc. ballad, 1772). 
 
 Aumale (due d*). 
 
 auj mieux (Fr.), very in- 
 timate; — nature!, in 
 its natural state. 
 
 auntie *, not -y. 
 
AU PIED — AV. 
 
 aujpled de la tettre (Fr.), 
 
 literally; — pis aUer, 
 
 should the worst come 
 
 to the worst. 
 au prix coutant (Fr.), at 
 
 prime cost. 
 aurea mediocritas (Lat.), 
 
 the golden mean, 
 aureole *, a saint's ** glory." 
 au reste (Fr.), besides. 
 au revoir (Fr.), till I see 
 
 you again (not ital.). 
 auri sacra fames (Lat.), 
 
 accursed thirst for gold, 
 auror/a austral/is*, />/.-aB 
 
 -es; — boreal/is*, pl.-m 
 
 -es. 
 aurum*, gold, symbol Au. 
 Aus., Austria, -n. 
 au sSrieux(Fr.), seriously. 
 Ausgabe (Ger. f.), revised 
 
 edition;abbr.i4l/S^. (cap.). 
 Ausglelch, ten-year treaty 
 
 between Aus. and Hun. 
 Ausrufungszelchen (Ger. 
 
 typ.n.), exclamation mark! 
 Austeii(Jane), 1775-1817, 
 
 author of " Pride and 
 
 Prejudice," etc. 
 Austin (Alfred), 1835-, 
 
 Poet Laureate. 
 Austral/ia, -ian, -asia, 
 
 -asian; abbr. Austral. 
 
 {see also Assemblies). 
 Austria, abbr. Aus. 
 Austria - Hungary, noi 
 
 Austro ; in Ger. Os- 
 
 ter r eich-Un garn . 
 Auteuil, Paris suburb, 
 auth., authentic, author, 
 
 -ess, -ity, -ized. 
 authorities at the end of 
 quotations, or notes : — 
 
 (i) Name of author in 
 roman lower-case. 
 
 (2) Name of book in roman 
 lower-case double-quot- 
 ed;andifoneof a series, 
 the series should be 
 double-quoted. 
 
 Act and scene iii. 4. 
 
 Act, scene, and line 
 
 IV. 3. 45- 
 
 Book iii. 
 
 authorities, etc. {conL). 
 Book and line iii. 25, 
 
 Book, chapter, section, 
 and paragraph 
 
 I,". §3,114. 
 
 Canto XV. 
 
 Chapter xiv. 
 
 Chapter and verse, 11. 34. 
 
 Chapter, section, and 
 paragraph, vii. § 3, IF 4- 
 
 Line 1. 384. 
 
 Number and page, II, 34. 
 
 Page p. 213. 
 
 Paragraph ^ 68. 
 
 Part and chapter ii. 3. 
 
 Part, book, and chapter 
 
 II, IV. 12. 
 
 Part, canto, and stanza 
 
 II, IV. 12. 
 
 Section § 5. 
 
 Stanza st. 18. 
 
 Volume and chapter, I V, vi. 
 
 Volume and page. III, 32. 
 
 Volume, part, section, and 
 paragraph I, i. §2, ^6. 
 authorize*, not -ise. 
 Authorized Version* (of 
 
 Bible) (caps.) ; abbr. A. V. 
 autochthon/*, a son of the 
 
 soil ; pi. -s*. 
 autO'da-fS* (Port.), pi. 
 
 autoS'da-fS*; (Sp.) — 
 
 de—*. 
 automat/on*, pi. -a *. 
 automobil/e, -ist. 
 autonomize*, not -ise. 
 autonym*, a book published 
 
 under author's real name. 
 autore (It.), author ; abbr. 
 
 aut 
 autres temps, autres 
 
 mceurs (Fr. ), other times, 
 
 other manners, 
 autumn (not cap.). 
 auxabois (Fr.), to extrem- 
 ities, at bay. 
 auxiliary, abbr. auxil. 
 Auxiliary Forces (caps.). 
 A.V., Artillery Volunteers, 
 
 Authorized Version (of 
 
 Bible). 
 a. v., annos vixit (he, or she, 
 
 lived so many years). 
 av., average. 
 
 ai 
 
AVA — AZYME 
 
 ava, Hawaian intoxicant, 
 use kava *. 
 
 avantj -courier*, in Fr. m. 
 -courrier or -courjeur, 
 fewi. -euse, a forerunner ; 
 garde*, (f.) the ad- 
 vanced guard ; propOS 
 
 (m.), preface, />/. same 
 (hyphens). 
 
 av, C. (It.), avanti Crista 
 
 (B.C.). 
 
 A.V.D., Army Veterinary 
 
 Department. 
 avdp., avoirdupois. 
 Ave Maria*, Ave Mary * 
 
 (Hail Mary !);abbr.A.M. 
 Avenue, abbr. Ave. 
 average, abbr. av. 
 averse to *, not from. 
 avertible*, «o/-able. 
 avertissement (Fr. m.), 
 
 notice, warning. 
 avid*, greedy. 
 Avignon, dep. Vaucluse. 
 a vinculo matrimonii 
 
 (Lat.), full divorce. 
 avizandum* (Sc. law), for 
 
 consideration, not avis-. 
 avoeet*, a bird, mo/ -set. 
 avoirdupois*, abbr. avdp. 
 
 a/ volont6(Fr.), at pleasure; 
 
 — voire santSl here's 
 
 to your health ! 
 avril (Fr. m.), April (not 
 
 cap.). 
 awocato del diabolo 
 
 (It.), devil's advocate, 
 aweel* (Scots colloq.). 
 aweing*, not awi-. 
 a"wesome *, not aws-. 
 ax., axiom. 
 axe, usual, but ax *. 
 axe (Fr. m.), axis. 
 ay/ *, always ; pron. A. 
 ayah *, nurse. 
 aye*, yes ; pron. 
 
 ayes. 
 Aylesbury, Bucks 
 
 also Ail-). 
 A.Y.M., Ancient York 
 
 Mason. 
 Ayr, Scotland. 
 Ayre (Point of), Isle of 
 
 Man. 
 az., azure. 
 Azof (Sea of), not -off, 
 
 -ov. 
 Azrael, the angel of death, 
 azyme*, Jewish Passover 
 
 cake. 
 
 I, 
 
 pi, 
 (see 
 
A H^OTBS 
 
A NOTES 
 
 34 
 
B 
 
 B. — BAILER 
 
 B., Bachelor, Baron, Basso, 
 Bay, the second in a 
 series, all proper names 
 with this initial. 
 
 B (chem.), boron, (chess) 
 bishop. 
 
 b., base, born, brother, 
 (cricket) bowled also byes, 
 (naut.) blue sky. 
 
 b (compass), by. 
 
 B.A., Bachelor of Arts, 
 British Academy, — A- 
 merica, — Association. 
 
 Ba (chem.), barium, 
 
 Bab. (bot.), Babington. 
 
 Babeock & Wilcox, 
 engineers. 
 
 Babington (C. C), 1808- 
 95, botanist ; abbr. Bab. 
 
 babiroussa*, a wild hog, 
 not baby-, -russa. 
 
 baboo*, Indian title, not 
 babu. 
 
 baboon*, fern, babuina*. 
 
 baccara*, a card game, not 
 -ah, -at. 
 
 Bach, the musical family, 
 not Bache. 
 
 Bacharach*, aRhine wine. 
 
 Bachelier esj lettres 
 (Fr.), Bachelor of Letters, 
 abbr. B,dsL.; sci- 
 ences, ditto Science, B. 
 ds S. (no hyphens). 
 
 Bachelier (Irving), 
 
 1859-, Amer. writer. 
 
 Bachelor/, abbr. B.*; — of 
 Agriculture, B.Agr. ; 
 
 — Architecture, B.- 
 Arch. ; — Arts, B.A. ; 
 
 — Civil Engineering, 
 B.C.E. ; — Civil Law, 
 B.C.L.; — Divinity, 
 B.D. ; — Engineering, 
 B.E., or B.Eng. ; — 
 Law, B.L. ; — Laws, 
 B.LL. ; — Letters, 
 B.Litt., or Litt.B., in 
 Fr. B, ds Z.. ;— Medi- 
 
 cine, B.M., or M.B. 
 
 (Cambridge); Bachelor 
 of Mining Engineer- 
 ing, B.M.E.; —Music, 
 B.Mus., or Mus. Bac. ; 
 — Science, B.Sc, in Fr. 
 B. bs S. ; — Surgery, 
 B.C., B.Ch.,orB.S.; — 
 Theology, B.Th. 
 
 bacill/us*, /)/.-i*(notital.). 
 
 back (typ.), see margins. 
 
 Backhuysen (Ludolf), 
 1631-1708, Dutch painter. 
 
 back pages (typ.), those 
 on the left side of an open 
 book. 
 
 backwoodsman* (one 
 word). 
 
 Bacon (Sir Francis) 
 (often incorrectly Lord), 
 T561-1626, Baron Veru- 
 1am and Viscount St. 
 Albans. 
 
 bacshish, use bak- 
 sheesh*. 
 
 bade*, past tense of bid, 
 not bad. 
 
 Baedeker (Karl), guide- 
 book publisher. 
 
 Baffin Bay, N. E. America, 
 not -ns, -n's. 
 
 bag/, -s, abbr. bg., bgs. 
 
 bag cap, brown paper 
 24 X ig'/a in. 
 
 Bagdad, not Bagh-. 
 
 baggage, in Fr. m. bagage, 
 
 Bagn^res/ de Bigorre, 
 dep. Hautes-Pyrenees ; 
 — de Luehon, dep. 
 Haute-Garonne. 
 
 Bagnoles, d6p. Ome. 
 
 Bagnols, dep. Gard. 
 
 bagpip/es*, -er* (one 
 word). 
 
 B.Agr. (U.S.A.), Bachelor 
 of Agriculture. 
 
 BaiSB, Naples. 
 
 bailer* (naut.), one who 
 bails water out ; (cricket) 
 
 25 
 
iBAHiIE — BANGKOK 
 
 a ball which rises to the 
 bails (see also bailor). 
 
 bailie* (Scot), an alder- 
 man ; bailiery*, jurisdic- 
 tion of a bailie, not -iary. 
 
 BailUe (Joanna), 1762- 
 1851, Sc. poetess. 
 
 Baillidre,Tind.all,& Cox, 
 publishers, London. 
 
 bailor* (law), one who 
 delivers goods {see also 
 bailer). 
 
 ** Baily's Magazine.** 
 
 bain-marie*, a double 
 saucepan ; pi. bains . 
 
 Baireuth, Bav., use Bay-. 
 
 Bairut, Syria, «s^ Beirut. 
 
 baksheesh *(Arab.,Turk. ), 
 a gratuity, not the many 
 variations. 
 
 Baku, Caucasia, oil district. 
 
 bal., balance. 
 
 Balaclava, not -klava. 
 
 balanceable*, «o^ -cable. 
 
 Balbriggan, Co. Dublin, 
 also knitted cotton goods. 
 
 bale/, -s, abbr. bl., bis. 
 
 Baliol, an Anglo-Norman 
 family, not the Oxford 
 College Balliol. 
 
 balk*, MO/ baulk. 
 
 Balkan Mts., Transcau- 
 casia, not -han. 
 
 Bal/laarat, Victoria, use 
 -larat. 
 
 ballade*, medieval French 
 poem, also its imitation. 
 
 Ballantine (James), 
 1808-77, artist and poet ; 
 
 — (William), 1812-86, 
 serjeant-at-law. 
 
 Ballantyne (James), 
 1772-1833; and— (John), 
 1 774-1 82 1, Sir W. Scott's 
 printers and publishers ; 
 
 — Press, founded 1796, 
 named after Sir W. Scott's 
 printers ; — (R. M.), 
 1825-94, writer for boys. 
 
 Ballarat, Victoria, not 
 -aarat. 
 
 ballet* ; ballet] d' action 
 (Fr. m.), ballet combining 
 action and dancing; — 
 
 divertissement, ballet 
 entertainment. 
 
 Balliol College, Oxford 
 (^see also Bali-). 
 
 ballon d'essai (Fr. m.), a 
 <' feeler " of any kind. 
 
 ballot/*, -ed*, -ing*. 
 
 ballot (Fr. m.), a small bale, 
 
 ball-room* (hyphen). 
 
 Ballsbridge, Dublin (one 
 word). 
 
 bal parS (Fr, m.), fancy- 
 dress ball. 
 
 Baltimore, abbr. Bait. 
 
 Baluchi, a native of Balu- 
 chistan, not Be-, Bi-. 
 
 Balzac (Honor6 de), 
 1799-1850, Fr. writer; — 
 (J. L. G.), 1597-1654, 
 Fr. writer. 
 
 ban*, governor of Croatia 
 and Slavonia. 
 
 banjal(Fr.),pl. -aux,/em. 
 -ale, pi. -ales, common- 
 place. 
 
 banalitS (Fr. f.), a common- 
 place. 
 
 Banco Regis (Lat.), on the 
 King's Bench. 
 
 Bancusj Communium 
 Placitorum (Lat.),Court 
 of Common Pleas ; — Re- 
 ginae, Queen's Bench ; — 
 Superior, King's Bench, 
 abbr. Banc. Sup. 
 
 Band (Ger.m.), a volume,/"/. 
 B'ande ; abbr. Bd., pi. 
 Bde. 
 
 bandanna*, a handker- 
 chief, not -ana. 
 
 bandbox* (one word), not 
 banbox. 
 
 Banddeckel (Ger. m.), a 
 book cover ; lose — . 
 loose covers. 
 
 B. &F. B. S., British and 
 Foreign Bible Society. 
 
 bandit/*, pi. -s*. 
 
 bandoleer*, a belt for cart- 
 ridges, not -alier, -elier, 
 -ilier. 
 
 bang,Indianhemp, Ms^bh-*. 
 
 Bangalore, India. 
 
 Bangkok, not Bankok. 
 
 26 
 
BANIAN — BARTOIiOMMEO 
 
 banian/, — tree, ws^ ban- 
 yan*. 
 
 banjo/*, pi, -s. - 
 
 bank, abbr. bk. 
 
 banking, abbr. bkg. 
 
 bank-note* (hyphen). 
 
 banneret* (law), a knight 
 made on the field of battle. 
 
 bannerette*, a small ban- 
 ner. 
 
 bannimus* (law), expul- 
 sion from a university. 
 
 banns *, not bans. 
 
 banquet/*, -ed*, -ing* 
 
 banquette* (Fr. f.), front 
 seat of a diligence. 
 
 banyan* (bot.), not -ian, 
 banyan-tree. 
 
 bap., baptized. 
 
 Baptist, abbr. Bapt. 
 
 baptistery*, not -try. 
 
 baptize *, not -ise. 
 
 Bar, called to the (cap.). 
 
 bar., barley-corn, _ baro- 
 meter. 
 
 Baratynski(J.A.), 1631- 
 1708, Russian poet. 
 
 Barbados, not -oes, abbr. 
 Barb. 
 
 barbarize *, not -ise. 
 
 Barbary, W. Africa. 
 
 barberry*, «o/ ber-. 
 
 barbette *, gun platform. 
 
 barbju (Fr.), /em. -ue, 
 bearded. 
 
 ibaribi/e(Fr. f.),brill,also dab. 
 
 barcarole *, boatman's 
 song, not -lie. 
 
 B. Arch. (U.S. A.), Bachelor 
 of Architecture. 
 
 Bareilly, India, not -eli. 
 
 bargain/er*, a haggler; 
 -or* (law), the seller. 
 
 Baring-Gould (Rev. S.), 
 1 834-, writer (hyphen). 
 
 baritone* (mus.), not 
 bary-. 
 
 barium *, symbol Ba. 
 
 bark (naut.), use barque. 
 
 bark/entine, «5^barqu- *. 
 
 Barkston, Yorks. 
 
 Barkstone, Lines. 
 
 barley-corn* (hyphen) ; 
 abbr. bar. 
 
 Barmecide*, one who 
 offers imaginary things, 
 not -acide. 
 
 Barmston, Durham. 
 
 Bamaby-bright*, St. 
 Barnabas' Day, 11 June. 
 
 baro/graph*, a recording 
 barometer; -gram*, the 
 record ; -logy*, science 
 of weight; -meter*, 
 abbr. bar. ; -motor, 
 motor worked by hand or 
 foot. 
 
 Baron, cap. with Englishr 
 name; I.e. foreign; abbr.B. 
 
 baron] (Fr.), fem. -ue. 
 
 baron and feme (law), 
 husband and wife. 
 
 Baronet, abbr. Bart. 
 
 barouche*, four-wheeled 
 carriage, not baru-. 
 
 barque (U.S.A. bark), 
 full-rigged ship, but with 
 fore-and-aft mizen ; abbr. 
 bque. 
 
 barquentine *, three-mast- 
 ed vessel with foremast 
 only square-rigged, not 
 -antine, barke-. 
 
 barr., barrister. 
 
 barrad*, the Irish conical 
 cap. 
 
 barrage*, a dam. 
 
 barrator*, one who incites 
 to litigation, not -ater, 
 -etor. 
 
 barrel/, -s, abbr. bl., bis. 
 
 barrel/led*, -ling*. 
 
 barrico/*, a small cask; pi. 
 -es. 
 
 Barrie (J. M.), i860-, 
 writer. 
 
 barrister, abbr. barr. 
 
 Barrow-in-Furness (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 Bart., Baronet. 
 
 Barth61emy- Saint-Hil- 
 aire (Jules), 1805-95, 
 statesman, Orientahst. 
 
 Bartholomew Day, 24 
 August (caps., two words, 
 not St.). 
 
 Bartolommeo (Fra), 
 1475-1517? It. painter. 
 
 27 
 
BARTOLOZZI — BAYLIS 
 
 Bartolozzi (Francesco), 
 1727-1813, engraver. 
 
 Baruch (Apocr. ), no abbr. 
 
 toar/uche, use -ouche*. 
 
 barytone, use bari-*. 
 
 basan*, bark-tanned sheep- 
 skin, not baz-. 
 
 ibas6/eu*(Fr.m.),a ''blue- 
 stocking." 
 
 base, abbr. b. 
 
 base-ball*, U.S. national 
 game (hyphen unusual in 
 America). 
 
 bashaw, use pasha*. 
 
 Bashkirtseff (Marie C), 
 1860-84, diarist. 
 
 basil*, sheepskin, mo/ baz-. 
 
 basin*, a circular vessel, 
 not -on. 
 
 bas/is *,/>/. -es*. 
 
 basket/, -s, abbr. bkt., -s. 
 
 Basle, Switz. ; in Fr. Ba,le ; 
 in Ger. Basel. 
 
 bas-relief*, not bass-. 
 
 bass*, a fish, not -e. 
 
 bassinet*, a cradle, not 
 -ette, berceaunette. 
 
 basso]* (mus.),abbr. B. ; — 
 profondo (It. mus.), low- 
 est male voice ; rilie' 
 
 VJO*. not re-, pi. OS *. 
 
 bastard eigne {law), a 
 natural son. 
 
 bastard/ fount (typ.), type 
 with the face differing 
 from that proper to the 
 size of the type body ; — 
 title (typ.), the fly or 
 half-title before the full 
 title of a work. It should 
 be 1-2^/2 picas above the 
 centre of the page. 
 
 bastardize*, wo/-ise. 
 
 Bastien-Lepage (Jules), 
 1 848-84, painter(hyphen). 
 
 Bastille (Fr. f.), Paris 
 prison. 
 
 bastille *, a fortified tower, 
 not -ile. 
 
 bastinado*, «o/basto-. 
 
 bataille rangSe (Fr. f.), a 
 pitched battle. 
 
 bateauj* (Fr. m.), a light 
 boat, not batt- ; />/. -x *. 
 
 Bath : & Well : sig. of Bp. 
 
 of Bath and Wells (two 
 
 colons). 
 Bath/ brick*, — bun*, 
 
 — chair*, — chap* (not 
 chop), — note, folded 
 writing paper 8x7 inches, 
 
 — stone* (cap. B). 
 bath/ sponge*, — towel * 
 
 (not cap.). 
 bathybius*, an inorganic 
 
 precipitate. 
 baton*, music conductor's 
 
 stick ; in Fr. m. biton. 
 battalion*, abbr. batt. ; 
 
 in Fr. m. batailloti. 
 battels*, provisions, etc., at 
 
 Oxford University. 
 Battenberg (Princess H. 
 
 of), not -burg. 
 batterie de cuisine (Fr. 
 
 f.), a set of cooking 
 
 utensils, 
 battery, abbr. batt. 
 Batthyani, noble Hun- 
 garian family, 
 battle* in Fr. f. bataille. 
 battledore*, mo/ -door, 
 battle-field* (hyphen). 
 battleship (one word). 
 ba ttrej la campagne (Fr. ), 
 
 to beat about the bush ; — 
 
 le pave, to loaf about, 
 battue *, shooting(not ital.). 
 Batum, Russia, not -oixm. 
 baulk, use balk*. 
 Baur (F. C), 1 792-1860, 
 
 theologian. 
 Bavaria/, -n, abbr. Bav. ; 
 
 in Ger. Bayern. 
 bawbee* (Sc), halfpenny, 
 
 not bau-. 
 Bay, when with name 
 
 cap. ; abbr. B. 
 bayaddre*, Hindu dancing 
 
 girl. 
 Bayard (Pierre de Ter- 
 
 rail. Chevalier de), 
 
 1475-1524, "The Knight 
 
 without fear and without 
 
 reproach." 
 Bayeux tapestry. 
 Baylis (T. H.), 181 7-, 
 
 writer. 
 
 a8 
 
BAYIiISS — BEDEL 
 
 Bayliss (Sir Wyke), 
 
 1835-, painter. 
 
 bayonet/*, -ed*, -ing*. 
 
 Bayreuth, Bavaria, not 
 Bai- {see also Beirut). 
 
 bazaar*, in Fr. m. bazar, 
 
 bazan, use bas-*. 
 
 bazil, sheepskin, Ms^bas-*. 
 
 B.B.C., Base-ball Club. 
 
 B.C., Bachelor of Surgery, 
 Bad Character, Board of 
 Control, British Colum- 
 bia ; B.C., before Christ 
 (s.caps.), year to precede, 
 as 41 B.C. : the reverse 
 of A.D., as A.D. 1900 ; 
 B.Ch., Bachelor of Sur- 
 gery ; B.C.E., ditto 
 of Civil Engineering ; 
 B.C.L., ditto of Civil 
 Law; B.C.S., Bengal 
 Civil Service. 
 
 B.D., Bachelor of Divinity ; 
 Bd., Ger. Band (a 
 volume) ; bd., board, 
 bond, bound ;Bde. (Ger.), 
 Bdnde (volumes) ; bdl., 
 bdls., bundle, -s; bds., 
 (bound in) boards. 
 
 B.E., Bachelor of Engi- 
 neering ; Be (chem.), 
 beryllium ; b.e., bill of 
 exchange. 
 
 Beach (Sir Michael 
 Hicks), 1 837-, states- 
 man (hyphen not used by 
 him). 
 
 bear* (Stock Exchange), 
 speculator for a fall. 
 
 bearskin*, military cap 
 (one word). 
 
 beastings, use bee-*. 
 
 beasts of the chase (law), 
 buck, doe, fox, marten, 
 roe; ditto forest (law), 
 boar, hare, hart, hind, 
 wolf ; ditto warren 
 (law), cony and hare ; 
 ditto of venery (law) 
 are " beasts of the 
 forest." 
 
 beatse memorias (Lat.), 
 of blessed memory ; abbr. 
 B.M. 
 
 Beataj Maria, or — Virgo 
 
 (Lat. ), the Blessed Virgin ; 
 abbr. B.M. , orB.V. 
 
 beau-fils (Fr. m.), son-in- 
 law ; without hyphen, 
 beautiful son. 
 
 beau- ideal*, model of 
 excellence (hyphen, no 
 accent, not ital.). 
 
 beauidealize = 
 
 not -ise 
 
 (one word). 
 
 Beaujolais, a Burgundy 
 wine. 
 
 beau-monde*, the fashion- 
 able world. 
 
 Beaune, a Burgundy wine. 
 
 beauj rdle (Fr. m.), a fina 
 part ; — sabreur, dash- 
 ing cavalryman. 
 
 beauseant. Knights Temp- 
 lars' standard (not cap.). 
 
 beauxj esprits (Fr. pi. 
 m.), wits, sing. bet 
 esprit ; — yeux, good 
 looks. 
 
 becafico, ws^becc-*. 
 
 bicarre (Fr. mus. m.), the 
 natural sign JH). 
 
 bScasse (Fr. f.), a wood- 
 cock. 
 
 bScassine (Fr. f.), a 
 snipe. 
 
 beccafico/*, pi. -es, bird, 
 not beca-. 
 
 bicliamel (Fr. f.), a white 
 sauce. 
 
 beche-de-mer *, the tre- 
 pang — Holothuria edulis. 
 
 Bechstein (P. W. K.), 
 pianoforte maker ; —' 
 (J. M.), 1757-18222, nat. 
 
 Bechuanaland,/>ro«. bek- 
 (one word). 
 
 Becket (k), see k Becket. 
 
 Beckett, family name of 
 Baron Grimthorpe. 
 
 Becquerel (A. E.), 1820- 
 91, Fr. physicist. 
 
 bedaw/een, -i, -in, use 
 bedouin*. 
 
 Beddgelert, Carnarvon. 
 
 bedel*, Oxford official form 
 of beadle ; at Cambridge 
 bedell*. 
 
 29 
 
BEDFORDSHIRE — BENEDICT 
 
 Bedfordshire, abbr. Beds 
 (no point). 
 
 bedouin/*, a desert Arab, 
 noi the many variations ; 
 pi. -s. 
 
 bed/owy, use -ouin*. 
 
 bedroom * (one word). 
 
 Beds, Bedfordshire. 
 
 bed/uin, use -ouin*. 
 
 beer firkin, abbr. b.f. 
 
 beerhouse (law), where 
 beer is sold to be drunk 
 on or off the premises. 
 
 beershop (law), where 
 beer is sold to be drunk 
 q^the premises. 
 
 Bees (St.), theological col- 
 lege (no apos.). 
 
 Beesley (Prof. E. Spen- 
 cer), 1831-, writer. 
 
 beestings*, first milk from 
 a mammal, not bea-, bie-. 
 
 Beethoven (Ludwig 
 van, «o^ von), 1 770-1827, 
 composer, divide Bee- 
 thoven ; pron. bat'O-fn. 
 
 beetling* (Sc), beating of 
 clothes with a beetle. 
 
 befall*, noi -al. 
 
 Beghard*, a mendicant 
 brother ;/^w. Beguine *. 
 
 Beglerbeg*, high Ottoman 
 governor. 
 
 Beguine/*, a mendicant 
 sister, not -uin ; pi. -S. 
 
 behemoth* , B iblical an imal. 
 
 behoof* (noun), benefit. 
 
 behove* (verb), to be 
 necessary for, not -oove. 
 
 Behring Isle, Sea, and 
 Strait, use Bering — . 
 
 beigebunden {Ger.\ bound 
 in (with something else) ; 
 abbr. beigeb. 
 
 beignet{Fr. m.), a fritter. 
 
 Beilage (Ger. typ. f.), ad- 
 dition, supplement (cap.). 
 
 Beirut, Syria, not Ba-, 
 Beyrout {see also Bay- 
 reuth). 
 
 bekko-vsrare, Chinese 
 pottery (hyphen). 
 
 bei air (Fr. m.), good de- 
 portment. 
 
 Belalp, Switz. (one word). 
 
 Bel and the Dragon 
 (Apocr.), no abbr. 
 
 beldam*, a hag, not -e. 
 
 belj esprit (Fr. m.), a 
 brilliant wit, pi. beaux 
 esprits; — Stage ^ the 
 first floor, not belle — . 
 
 Belgique (Fr. f.), Belgium; 
 beige, Belgian (not cap.). 
 
 Belg/ium, -ian, -ic, abbr. 
 Belg. {see also Assem- 
 blies). 
 
 believable*, not -eable. 
 
 belladonna * (bot.), deadly 
 nightshade (one word). 
 
 belle* (notital.). 
 
 beliej amie {Fr. f.), female 
 friend ; — assemblee *, 
 fashionable gathering ; — 
 -de-nuit (hot.), marvel of 
 Peru ; fHie, daughter- 
 in-law ; without hyphen, 
 beautiful girl. 
 
 Belle Isle, Newfoundland. 
 
 Belleisle, Fermanagh. 
 
 Belle -Isle-en-Mer, ddp. 
 Morbihan (hyphens). 
 
 beliej-m^re (Fr.f.), mother- 
 in-law, stepmother ; with- 
 out hyphen, beautiful 
 mother ; — mort, natural 
 death ; — passiOtt *, the 
 tender passion. 
 
 belles-lettres*, literature, 
 is plural (hyphen). 
 
 Bel/ooehee, -uchi, use 
 Baluchi. 
 
 belvedere* (It.), a raised 
 building, not belvi- ; pron. 
 bel-ve-deer' (not ital.). 
 
 Ben Bui, near Inveraray. 
 
 Ben Buie, Sound of Mull. 
 
 bene decessii (Lat.), he 
 died naturally. 
 
 Benedic (liturg.), canticle 
 from Psalm ciii. 
 
 Benedicite *, the " Song of 
 the Three Children." 
 
 benedicite I * bless you ! 
 
 Benedick, in " Much Ado 
 about Nothing." 
 
 Benedict*, a newly-mar- 
 ried man. 
 
 30 
 
BENEDICT — B. ES S. 
 
 Benedict Biscop, 628-90, 
 Anglo-Saxon Churchman. 
 
 Benedictus*, the fifth 
 movement of the Mass. 
 
 bene] esse (Lat.), well- 
 being ; — exeat, certifi- 
 cate of good character. 
 
 benefactor*, not -er. 
 
 bSnSficiaire (Fr. m.), the 
 recipient of a benefit. 
 
 beneficijatn, an ecclesias- 
 tical living ; pi. -a. 
 
 benefit/*, -ed*, -ing*. 
 
 benej merenti (Lat.), to 
 
 . the well-deserving ; — 
 meritus, having well 
 deserved, pi. — meriti, 
 
 benet *, R.C. Order {see also 
 bennet). 
 
 bene vale (Lat.), farewell, 
 abbr. b.v, -, — vobis ! 
 prosperity to you ! 
 
 ben ficcato (It.), well 
 established. 
 
 B.Eng., Bachelor of Eng- 
 ineering. 
 
 Bengali/*, native, also of, 
 Bengal, not -ee, pi. -s; 
 abbr. Beng. 
 
 Benjamin, abbr. B., or 
 BeDJ. 
 
 Ben/ Lawers, Perth; — 
 Macdhui, Aberdeen. 
 
 Bennet, fam. name of Earl 
 of Tankerville. 
 
 bennet*, a grass {see also 
 benet). 
 
 Ben Rhydding, Yorks. 
 
 benthal *, ocean depths 
 exceeding 6000 feet. 
 
 Bentham (G.), 1800-84, 
 bot. ; abbr. Benth. 
 
 ben trovato (It.), well 
 invented. 
 
 Ben/ Venue, — Vrackie, 
 Perth (two words). 
 
 ben venuto (It.), welcome. 
 
 Benvoirlich, Perth (one 
 word). 
 
 benzene*, «o/-ine. 
 
 benzol*, not -e. 
 
 benzoline *. 
 
 «* Beowulf," Anglo-Saxon 
 epic. 
 
 bequeather*, a testator, 
 berberry, use bar-*. 
 berceau (Fr. m.), cradle, 
 berceaunette, use bassi- 
 net*, 
 berceuse, a cradle song, 
 bereavement*, «o/-vment. 
 Bergl {Ger. m.), a mountain ; 
 
 pi. -e (cap.). 
 Bergamask*, native of 
 
 Bergamo, Lombardy. 
 bergamot*, mo^ bur-. 
 Bergerac, a town, also 
 
 wine made there ; — 
 
 (Savinien Cyrano de), 
 
 1620-55. 
 beriberi*, tropical disease, 
 
 not -ria (one word). 
 Bering Isle, Sea, and 
 
 Strait, not Beh-, -ings. 
 Berk, (bot.), Berkeley. 
 Berks, Berkshire. 
 Bernard (Claude), 1813- 
 
 78, physiologist. 
 Berne, Swiss canton and 
 
 town ; in Ger. Bern. 
 Bemers(Dame Juliana), 
 
 wrote "Boke of St. 
 
 Albans," first ed. i486. 
 Bernhardt (Rosine, called 
 
 ** Sarah"), 1844-, actress. 
 Bernoulli, family of math., 
 
 not -illi. 
 bemouse, use burnous*, 
 
 Arab cloak, 
 bersaglier/e (It.), a rifle- 
 man ; pi. -i. 
 berth* (naut.), not hi-. 
 Berthelot (P. E. M.), 
 
 1 827-, Fr. chemist ; pron, 
 
 bert'lo. 
 Berthollet (count C. L.), 
 
 1 748- 1 822, Fr. chemist, 
 beryllium*, symbol Be. 
 Berzelius (J. J., baron)^ 
 
 1779-1848, chemist. 
 B, ^s A,, now B. Ss L, 
 Besangon, dep. Doubs. 
 bes-antler, use bez- 
 
 B. ha Ii. (Fr.), Bachelier 
 es lettres (Bachelor of 
 Letters) ; B. ds S., ditto 
 sciences (no hyphens). 
 
 31 
 
BESO — BIGEIiOW 
 
 beso] las manos (Sp.), '* I 
 
 kiss the hands ' ' (frequent- 
 ly said or written) ; — 
 los pies, " I kiss the 
 feet." 
 
 Bessbrook, Co. Antrim. 
 
 Besses o' th* Barn, town 
 near Manchester. 
 
 bestialize *, not -ise. 
 
 bestrew*, not -ow. 
 
 Bestuur*, government in 
 Dutch-speaking S. Africa. 
 
 bSte (Fr.), stupid. 
 
 Betelgeux (astr.), red star 
 in Orion, not -euse. 
 
 bete noire (Fr. f.), an object 
 of aversion, not — noir. 
 
 bdtise (Fr. f.), stupidity. 
 
 betony* (bot.), not bett-. 
 
 better*, one who bets, not 
 -or. 
 
 Bettws-y-Coed, Carnar- 
 von (hyphens). 
 
 bevel/*, -led*, -ling*. 
 
 Beverley, Yorks. 
 
 Beverly, Mass., U.S.A. 
 
 bevy*, proper word for a 
 company of ladies, larks, 
 maidens, quails, or roes. 
 
 be"wet*, leather attaching 
 bell to hawk, not -it. 
 
 Bexleyheath, Kent (one 
 word, "P.O. Guide"). 
 
 bey* (Turk.), a governor. 
 
 beylic*, jurisdiction of a 
 bey, not -ik. • 
 
 Beyrout, use Beirut. 
 
 bezant*, gold coin, not hy-. 
 
 bez-antler*,of deer's horn, 
 not bes-, bis- (hyphen). 
 
 bezel*, a slope, «o/-il, basil. 
 
 b.f., beer firkin. 
 
 bg., bgs., bag, -s. 
 
 B*hani., Birmingham. 
 
 bhang*, Ind. hemp, «o/ba-. 
 
 bheesty *, Indian water- 
 carrier, not -ie. 
 
 b.h.p., brake horse-power. 
 
 B.I., British India. 
 
 Bi* (chem.), bismuth. 
 
 biannual*, half-yearly, but 
 biennial*, two-yearly. 
 
 bias/*, -ed*, -ing*. 
 
 Bib., Bible, -ical. 
 
 bibl., bibltotheca (library). 
 Bible, abbr. Bib. (cap.). 
 
 {See also authorities, 
 
 quotations). 
 
 Bible - Text 
 
 asize of type as above, four 
 and a half lines to the inch 
 (hyphen). 
 
 " Biblia Paupemm **^ 
 (caps.). 
 
 Biblical (cap.), abbr. Bib. 
 
 bibliograaf (Dutch), biblio- 
 grapher, Ger.m. Biblio- 
 grapli, Fr. m. bibliO' 
 graphe. 
 
 bibliograph/er, -ic, -ical, 
 -y ; abbr. bibliog. 
 
 bibliopegy*, bookbinding. 
 
 biblioltiieca* (Lat.), a li- 
 brary;- thScaire ( Fr. m. ) , 
 a Hbrarian; -tbeque* 
 (Fr. f.), a library. 
 
 Bibiiotlielcl (Ger. f.), a 
 library ; -ar (m.), a 
 librarian (caps.). 
 
 Bicetre, asylum near Paris. 
 
 Bickleigh, Devon. 
 
 Bickley, Cheshire, Kent. 
 
 bidder *, one who bids. 
 
 bider*, one who bides or 
 remains. 
 
 bidet*, bath, not -ette. 
 
 bien aitnji (Fr.), fetn. 
 •Se, well-beloved ; bienj 
 chaussjSf/em. -Se, neat- 
 ly-booted ; — entendu, 
 of course; — gantle,fem. 
 -ee, well-gloved. 
 
 biennial*, two-yearly, 
 (bot.) ©,Z>m/ biannual*, 
 half-yearly. 
 
 biennium, a two-year 
 period. 
 
 biensSance (Fr. f.), pro- 
 priety. 
 
 bihre (Fr. f.), beer, bier. 
 
 biestings, use bee-*. 
 
 biffS (Fr.), cancelled. 
 
 bigarreau *, white-heart 
 cherry, not -aroon. 
 
 Bigelow (E. B.), 1814-79, 
 machinist ; — (Jacob), 
 1787-1879, botanist; — ? 
 
 3a 
 
BIGELOW — BISQUE 
 
 (John), 1817-, writer; 
 Bigelow(Mr. and Mrs. 
 Poultney), Amer. 
 
 writers. 
 
 "Biglow Papers (The)," 
 1848, '68, by J. R. Lowell. 
 
 bigot/*, -ed*. 
 
 bijou/*, a "gem"; pi. -x*. 
 
 bilberry*, not bill-. 
 
 bilbo/*, a fetter ; pi, -es*. 
 
 Bilborough, Notts. 
 
 Bilbrough, Yorks. 
 
 Bilderdijk (Willem), 
 1756-1831, Dutch poet, 
 philologist. 
 
 Bill (parliamentary) (cap.). 
 
 billa vera (law), a true bill. 
 
 billet/*, -ed*, -ing*. 
 
 billet-doux* (Fr. m.), a 
 
 love letter ; pi. billets 
 
 (hyphens). 
 
 billiards, in Fr. m. billard. 
 
 billion* (Eng., Ger.), a mil- 
 lion miUions;(Fr., U.S. A.), 
 a thousand millions. 
 
 bill of/ exchange, abbr. 
 
 b.e. ; lading, abbr. 
 
 B/Xj. (printed six to a 
 
 sheet on folio post) ; 
 
 sale, abbr. b.s. 
 
 Bilston, Staffs. 
 
 Bilstone, Leicester. 
 
 biltong*, sun-dried meat 
 
 Biluchi, use Bal-. 
 
 bimeridian*, recurring at 
 midday and midnight. 
 
 bimetall/ic*, -isni*,-ist*. 
 
 bimillenary*, a period of 
 2000 years. 
 
 bindery*, a bookbinder's 
 establishment. 
 
 Bindestrich (Ger. typ. m.), 
 the hyphen. 
 
 binding, see various head- 
 ings. 
 
 binnacle* (naut.), a com- 
 pass-stand. 
 
 binocle*, a field-glass. 
 
 binocular*, a field- glass. 
 
 Binstead, I. of Wight. 
 
 Binsted, Alton, Hants. 
 
 biograph/er,-ic, -ical,-y; 
 abbr. biog. 
 
 biolog/y, -ical ; abbr. biol. 
 
 Bipont/*, -ine*, books 
 printed at Bipontium 
 (Zweibrucken), Bavaria. 
 
 bird-cage * (hyphen). 
 
 bird's-eye view*. 
 
 Birmingham, abbr. 
 
 B'ham. 
 
 Birnam, Perth, immortal- 
 ized in " Macbeth." 
 
 Birstal, Yorks. 
 
 Birstall, Leicester. 
 
 birth (naut.), use be-*. 
 
 birthplace, abbr. bpl. 
 
 bis* (Fr., It, Lat), twice. 
 
 bis., bissextile. 
 
 bisantler, use bez-*. 
 
 Biscayan, abbr. Bisc. 
 
 Bischof (K. G.), 179a- 
 1870, chem., geol. 
 
 BischoflE'(T.Ij.W.), 1807- 
 82, anatomist. 
 
 bis dat qui cito dat (Lat.), 
 he gives twice who gives 
 quickly. 
 
 Bishop, abbr. Bp. j (chess) 
 B. 
 
 Bishop in partibus infi- 
 delium, R.C. Bishop in 
 diocese of unbelievers. 
 
 bishop's length* (paint- 
 ing), canvas 58x94 in., 
 half ditto 45 X 56 in. 
 
 Bishop's Stortford, Herts 
 (apos.). 
 
 Bishopsteignton, Devon 
 (one word). 
 
 Bishopston, Glos, War- 
 wick, Wilts, Glam. 
 
 Bishopstone, Berks, 
 
 Hereford, Sussex, Wilts. 
 
 Bishop's Waltham, 
 Hants (apos.), 
 
 Bishopthorpe, residence 
 ofAbp.ofYork(oneword). 
 
 bisk*, a rich soup (not ital.) 
 {see also bisque). 
 
 Bismarck (O. E. L., 
 Fiirst von), 1815-98, not 
 -ark. 
 
 bismillah* (Arab.), "in 
 thenameof God," Mo/biz-. 
 
 bismuth*, symbol Bi*. 
 
 bisque* (tennis) (not ital.) 
 {see also bisk). 
 35 3 
 
BISSEXTILE — BLOTTESQUE 
 
 bissextile, abbr. bis. 
 bistre *, pigment, not -er. 
 bit* (U.S.A.), la'/a cents. 
 bitt/* (naut.), //. -s. 
 bitter end (naut.), the 
 
 end of a rope loose after 
 
 belaying, 
 bitumin/ize*, -ous*. 
 bivouac/*, -ked *, -king *. 
 bizarre* (not ital.). 
 Bizet (Georges), 1838-75, 
 
 French composer. 
 Bjornsen (Bjorn- 
 
 stjerne), 1832-, Nor- 
 wegian writer. 
 bk., bank, book ; bkg., 
 
 banking ; bkt., bkts., 
 
 basket, -s. 
 B.L., Bachelor of Law, 
 
 breech-loader, -ing; B/L, 
 
 bill of lading ; bl,, bls., 
 
 bale, -s, barrel, -s. 
 blabber*, to chatter, not 
 
 bio-. 
 Blackbume (J. H.), 
 
 184a-, chess player. 
 Black Friars, Leics. 
 Blackfriars, London. 
 Black Friday, 11 May, 
 
 1866. 
 black game*, w^a/^ black- 
 cock *, fern, grey-hen *. 
 iilarft4etter* (tgp.), a fancg 
 
 tgpe, as tljts. 
 Blackmoor, Hants. 
 Blackmore, Essex ; — 
 
 (R.D.), 1825-1900, writer. 
 Black Rock, Dublin, 
 
 Louth. 
 Blackrock, Brecon, Cork. 
 Black Rod*, abbr. for 
 
 " Gentleman Usher of the 
 
 Black Rod." 
 blacks* (typ.),when spaces 
 
 print, 
 blaeberry, Sc. for bil- *. 
 Blaenau Pestiniog, not 
 
 Blainiau or Ffe-. 
 blague]* (Fr. f.), humbug; 
 
 -ur (m.), hoaxer. 
 Blairadam, Kinross (one 
 
 word). 
 Blair-AthoU, Perth 
 
 (caps., hyphen). 
 
 Blairgowrie, Perth (one 
 word). 
 
 Blairs College, Aber- 
 deen (no apostrophe). 
 
 blameable*, wo^-mable. 
 
 blanchailles (Fr. f. pi.), 
 whitebait. 
 
 blanchatre (Fr.), whitish. 
 
 blancbtsseuse (Fr. f.), 
 laundress. 
 
 blancmange* (cook.) (one 
 word, not ital.). 
 
 blanket/*, -ed*, -ing*. 
 
 Blantyre "Works, Mid- 
 Lanark, a village (two 
 words, caps.). 
 
 blas6*, surfeited with en- 
 joyment (not ital.). 
 
 blatant *, not blatt-. 
 
 Blatherwick, Northants, 
 not -wyck. 
 
 Blaze de Bury (Ma- 
 dame), 1813-88, writer. 
 
 bldg., bldgs., building, -s. 
 
 B.L.E., Brotherhood of 
 Locomotive Engineers. 
 
 bleed (bookbinding), to 
 overcut the margins and 
 mutilate the printing. 
 
 bleuatre (Fr.), bluish. 
 
 bleu fbncS (Fr. m.), dark- 
 blue. 
 
 blind/-blocking*, or — 
 -tooling* (bookbinding), 
 impression by hot tools 
 only. 
 
 blind %, paragraph mark. 
 
 B.Litt., Baccalaureus Liters- 
 arum (Bachelor of Let- 
 ters, Oxford). 
 
 blizzard*, a storm, not 
 bliss-. 
 
 blk. (typ.), black, block, -s. 
 
 B.LL., Bachelor of Laws. 
 
 blobber, msi? blabber*. 
 
 Block (Maurice), 1816-, 
 French economist. 
 
 blond*, fair-complexioned; 
 fern, blonde* (not ital.). 
 
 bloquS (Fr. typ.), turned ; 
 caractdres bloquSs, 
 turned letters. 
 
 blottesque*, painting with 
 blotted touches (not ital.). 
 
 Zi. 
 
BLOUSE — BONA 
 
 blouse*, pron. blowz, in Fr. 
 
 bluuz (not ital.). 
 B.Ij.B..,breech.loading rifle. 
 Blubberhouses, Yorks 
 
 (one word). 
 Bliicher (G. L. von), 
 
 1742-1834, Field-Marshal. 
 blue bell* (hot.) (two 
 
 words). 
 Blue book*, governmental 
 
 (cap., two words). 
 blueing*, not blui-. 
 blueish, use bluish*, 
 bluejacket, R.N. sailor 
 
 (one word). 
 blue-printing, a photog. 
 
 process, 
 bluey*. 
 
 bluing, use blueing*, 
 bluish*, «o/blue-. 
 Blundellsands, Lanes 
 
 (one word). 
 Bluntschli (J. K.), 1808- 
 
 81, jurist. 
 Blut und Eisen (Ger.), 
 
 blood and iron. 
 Blyth Bridge, Peebles. 
 Blythe Bridge, Staffs. 
 B.M., Bachelor of Medicine; 
 
 Beata Maria (the Blessed 
 
 Virgin), beataz ntemorias 
 
 (of blessed memory) ; 
 
 b.m., bene merenti (to the 
 
 well-deserving); B.M.E., 
 
 Bachelor of Mining 
 
 Engineering ; B.Mus., 
 
 Bachelor of Music. 
 B.N.C, Brasenose College, 
 
 Oxford. 
 b.O., branch cflSce, buyer's 
 
 option. 
 B.O.A., British Optical 
 
 Association. 
 Boabdil, king of Granada. 
 B.O.A.F.G-., British Order 
 
 of Ancient Free Gardeners. 
 Boanerges/*, a loud 
 
 preacher ; pi. -es*. 
 Board/, abbr. bd. ; — of 
 
 Trade, abbr. B.O.T. 
 Board-school* (cap. B, 
 
 hyphen). 
 boatswain*, pron. bo'sn ; 
 
 abbr. bos*n. 
 
 bob-white*, Amer. quail. 
 
 bocasin*, a fine buckram. 
 
 Boccaccio (Giovanni), 
 1313-75) It. writer (4 c's). 
 
 Bodicote, Oxon , not Bodd-. 
 
 Bodleian Library. 
 
 body-guard * (hyphen). 
 
 Boerhaave (Hermann), 
 1 668-1 738, naturalist. 
 
 Boethius (A. M. S.), a.d. 
 470-525, Roman states- 
 man. 
 
 bceuf(Fr. m.), beef. 
 
 Bogie (Colonel), of golf. 
 
 bogie*, a truck. 
 
 bogy*, ghost, not-ey. 
 
 Bohemian*, easy-living 
 (cap.). 
 
 Bokhara, not Bu-. 
 
 bolas/*, a lasso with two 
 balls ; pi. -es *. 
 
 bold-face type: as this; 
 indicated in MS. by wavy 
 underlining . 
 
 bolero*, Sp. dance. 
 
 bolivar, Bolivian dollar. 
 
 Bolivia/, -n, abbr. Bol. 
 
 bolometer*, exact heat 
 measurer. 
 
 bolt* (typ.), the unopened 
 fold of a folded sheet. 
 
 bolus/*, pi. -es*. 
 
 bombasine*, a fabric, not 
 -bazeen, -bazine, -bycine. 
 
 Bom. C.S., Bombay Civil 
 Service. 
 
 Bom. S.C, Bombay Staff 
 Corps. 
 
 bona (law), goods. 
 
 bon-aocord*(Sc.),goodwill. 
 
 borne notas (Lat.), meri- 
 torious. 
 
 bonaf fide* (Lat.)f genuine- 
 ly; — fides*, good faith 
 (no accent) ; — mobllla, 
 movable goods ; — nota- 
 bHIa, noteworthy things. 
 
 bonanza* (U.S.A.), good 
 luck. 
 
 Bonaparte, not Buona- 
 parte, Corsican family. 
 
 boaaj perltura (Lat.), 
 perishable goods ; — va- 
 cantla, unclaimed — . 
 35 3* 
 
BONAVENTURE — BOOKS 
 
 jbona ve/i^i/re, " good hap. " 
 
 ■bon-bon*, a dainty, in Fr. 
 m. one word ; bonbon- 
 nidre* (f.), a box for 
 dainties. 
 
 bon camarade (Fr. m.), 
 good comrade ; fern. 
 bonne — . 
 
 bon-chr6tien* a pear. 
 
 bonj compagnon (Fr. m.), 
 pleasant companion ; — 
 courage, good courage. 
 
 bond, abbr. bd. 
 
 bondholder* (one word). 
 
 bonj diable (Fr. m.), good- 
 natured fellow ; — e/f- 
 fant, good fellow. 
 
 Bo'ness, Linlithgow, apos- 
 trophe, being originally 
 Borrowstounness {see also 
 Bowness). 
 
 bon goijt (Fr. m.), good 
 taste; bongrS, malgrS, 
 whether one will or not. 
 
 Bonheur (Rosa), 1822- 
 99, Fr. painter. 
 
 bonhomie*, good nature. 
 
 bonhomme* (Fr. m.), a 
 pleasant fellow, a friar. 
 
 Bonhomme (Jaoques)*, 
 the French peasant. 
 
 bonjour (Fr. m.), good 
 day (one word). 
 
 bon jour, bonne ceuvre 
 (Fr.), "the better the 
 day, the better the deed." 
 
 bon marchi (Fr.), a cheap 
 shop, cheap ; bon mot*, 
 a witticism, pi. bona mots 
 (two words, not ital.). 
 
 bonne* (Fr. f.), a nurse- 
 maid. 
 
 bonne-bouche*, a dainty 
 morsel,//, bonnes-bou- 
 ches* ; bonne I com- 
 pagnie (Fr.), well-bred 
 society; — foi, good faith ; 
 — fortune, success, pi. 
 bonnes fortunes ; — 
 griice, gracefulness, pL 
 bonnes graces. 
 
 bonnement (Fr.), frankly. 
 
 bonne mine (Fr. f.), 
 pleasant looks. 
 
 bonnet/*, -ed*, -ing*. 
 bonnet rouge (Fr. m.), 
 
 revolutionists' cap. 
 Bononia, Lat. forBologna. 
 bons k vue (Fr. m.), bills, 
 
 etc., at sight. 
 bontebok*, antelope. 
 bon ton (Fr. m.), good style. 
 bonumj omen (Lat.), a 
 
 good omen ; — publiC' 
 
 um, the pubhc good, 
 
 abbr. b.p, 
 bon-vivant/*,/^m.bonne- 
 
 vivante, one fond of 
 
 good living (hyphen, not 
 
 ital.) ; pi. -s. 
 bonj viveur (Fr. m.), a free 
 
 liver ; — voyage! a 
 
 pleasant journey ! 
 Booerhave, use Boer- 
 
 haave. 
 book/, -s, abbr. bk., bks. 
 bookbinding* (one word). 
 book-keeping* (hyphen). 
 book-plate * (hyphen). 
 books (cited titles of), 
 
 to be roman double- 
 quoted, not italic. 
 books (size in inches 
 
 uncut) : — 
 
 Crown 8vo . 
 
 fh 
 
 |X 5 
 
 „ 4to . 
 
 10 
 
 ^ 1 h 
 
 Demy Bvo 
 
 87. 
 
 ,x 5V2 
 
 „ 4to . 
 
 II 
 
 X 83/, 
 
 Foolscap 8vo 
 
 67* 
 
 X 4V4 
 
 „ 4to . 
 
 8V. 
 
 X 63/, 
 
 Imperial Bvo . 
 
 II 
 
 X 7Va 
 
 „ 4to . 
 
 15 
 
 XII 
 
 Medium 8vo . 
 
 9% 
 
 ,x 6 
 
 „ 4to . 
 
 12 
 
 X 9V2 
 
 Post Bvo . . 
 
 8 
 
 X 5 
 
 „ 4to . . 
 
 10 
 
 X 8 
 
 Pott Bvo . . 
 
 6V. 
 
 ,x 4 
 
 „ 4to . . 
 
 8 
 
 X 6V, 
 
 Royal Bvo . 
 
 10 
 
 X &U 
 
 ,, 4to . 
 
 12V, 
 
 ,x 10 
 
 Super roy. Bvo 10^/4 
 
 X 6% 
 
 „ 4to 
 
 13V2 
 
 X10V4 
 
 books of 
 
 Scripture 
 
 (typ.), notto be ita] 
 
 lie, nor 
 
 double-quoted 
 
 ; forabbrs. 
 
 see separate titles. 
 
 
 36 
 
BOOKWOKK — BOUQUINIST 
 
 bookwork, see prelimin- 
 ary matter. 
 
 boose*, a cow stall (see 
 also booze). 
 
 Bootes* (astn), the con- 
 stellation ; pron. bo-O'tes. 
 
 booze*, to drink, not -se, 
 bouse, -ze, bowse. 
 
 boozy*, drunken. 
 
 B.O.P., << Boy's Own 
 Paper." 
 
 bor., borough, 
 
 Bordeaux*, a claret (in Fr. 
 m. not cap.). 
 
 bordereau (Fr. m.), a 
 memorandum. 
 
 borecole*, kale. 
 
 Borghese, Italian family ; 
 pron. bor-ga'za. 
 
 borize*, to inject borax. 
 
 bom, abbr. b. 
 
 boron *, symbol B *. 
 
 borough, abbr. bor. 
 
 borzoi/, Russian wolf- 
 hound ; pi. -s. 
 
 Boscovich (B.. J.), 17 ii- 
 87, math., not -tch. 
 
 bos*n, abbr. of boatswain. 
 
 Bosna-Serai, capital of 
 Bosnia (caps., hyphen). 
 
 Bosphorus, more correctly 
 Bosporus. 
 
 Bossuet (J. B.), 1627- 
 1704, Fr. bishop, writer. 
 
 Boswellize*, to write as 
 Boswell (cap.). 
 
 bot/*, -fly*, not -it. 
 
 B.O.T., Board of Trade. 
 
 Botallack, Cornish mine. 
 
 botanize *, not -ise. 
 
 botan/y, -ieal, -ist, abbr. 
 bot.; genera, species, and 
 varieties to be ital. ; all 
 other divisions roman : 
 
 Rosacese (order or 
 family) ; Rosa (genus), 
 but genera in popular use 
 in roman, as Geranium, 
 Lobelias (pi.) ; Rosadam- 
 ascena (species). 
 
 Specific names to be 
 I.e., except when formerly 
 generic, or commemora- 
 tive, as Inula Helenium, 
 
 botany (cont.). 
 
 Pseonia Wittntannianaj 
 Salvia Mathewsii. 
 
 Signs in common 
 use:— 
 
 annual, or © ; bien- 
 nial, ; dioecious, ^ ? ; 
 doubtful, ? ; female, 9 ; 
 hermaphrodite, 5 or ^ ; 
 hybrid, x ; male, ^; 
 monoecious, ^-9; number 
 indefinite, co ; none or 
 absent, o ; perennial, 7/ ; 
 personally verified, ! ; 
 polygamous, ^^9; sec- 
 tion (of a genus), § ; tree, 
 \. Signs as *, f, J, 
 variously used, to be de- 
 fined by author usingsame. 
 
 bothy* (Sc), a hut, not 
 -ie. 
 
 Botticelli(Sandro), 1447- 
 I5i5» painter. 
 
 bottom notes (typ.), foot- 
 notes. 
 
 B.O.IT., British Ornithol- 
 ogists' Union. 
 
 Boucicault (Dion), 182a- 
 90, Irish dramatist. 
 
 boudoir* (not ital.). 
 
 bouffant]* {Yr.\ font, -e, 
 puffed out, as a dress. 
 
 Bouguereau (W. A.), 
 1825-1905, Fr. painter. 
 
 bouilli* (Fr. m.), stewed 
 meat (not ital.). 
 
 bouUljie (Fr. f), infant 
 food ; -on* (m.), broth, a 
 flounce ; -onne, puffed, 
 flounced. 
 
 boul., boulevard. 
 
 boule*, usually buhl. 
 
 boulevard/* (Fr. m.), 
 abbr. boul. ; -ier*, a 
 *'man about town." 
 
 bouleversjS (Fr.), over- 
 turned; -ement* (m.), 
 a violent inversion. 
 
 bounceable *, not -cable. 
 
 bound, abbr. bd. 
 
 bouquetin*, the ibex. 
 
 bouquinist*, second-hand 
 bookseller; in Fr.m.Aotf- 
 quiniste. 
 
 37 
 
BOURGEOIS — BR.COL. 
 
 bourgeois/* (Fr.),/^»<. -©, 
 one of the middle-class ; 
 -ie*, the middle-class. 
 
 bourgeois* (typ.), an eight 
 andhalfpoint type, eight 
 and a half lines to the 
 inch, as this ; pron. bur- 
 joice'. 
 
 Bourn, Cambs. 
 
 Bourne, Lines, Surrey. 
 
 bourne *, a limit, not -n. 
 
 bourse*. Stock Exchange. 
 
 hoursier (Fr. m.), a stock- 
 broker. 
 
 bouse*, to drink, use 
 booze *. 
 
 bouse * (naut.), to haul, not 
 -wse. 
 
 boutique (Fr. f.), a shop. 
 
 boutonni^re (Fr. f.), a 
 "button-hole." 
 
 bouts-rini6s *, rhymed 
 endings. 
 
 Bowdlerize *, to expurgate 
 (cap.). 
 
 boviTie*, a knife. 
 
 bOTvled (cricket), abbr. b. 
 
 Bo"WTiess,Cumb, Westmor- 
 land (see also Bo'ness). 
 
 bow^- window*, a seg- 
 mental bay-window. 
 
 box/, -es, abbr. bx., bxs. 
 
 Boycott (to) (cap.). 
 
 ** Boy's Own Paper," 
 abbr. B.O.P. 
 
 bozza (It.), printer's proof. 
 
 B.P., British Public ; Bp., 
 Bishop; b.p.jbelowproof, 
 bill of parcels, bills pay- 
 able, bonum publicum (the 
 public good) ;b.p.b.,bank 
 post bills; bpl., birth- 
 place. 
 
 B.Q,., Bene quiescat (may he, 
 or she, repose well !). 
 
 bque. (naut.), barque. 
 
 Br., British, (bot.) R. 
 Brown ; Br (chem.), bro- 
 mine ; br., brig ; b.r., bills 
 receivable. 
 
 "Braban9onne (La)," 
 Belgian national air. 
 
 brace* (typ.) ^— a— ^ 
 
 brackets* (typ.), [], not 
 
 the parentheses or round 
 
 form (). (See punctua- 
 tion, IV.) 
 bradawl* (one word). 
 bradoon, use bri-*. 
 braggadocio* (not ital.). 
 Brahma *, supreme Hindu 
 
 god, not -hm, -hme (not 
 
 ital.). 
 brahma*, a domestic fowl. 
 Brahmapootra*, Indian 
 
 river. 
 Brahmin/* (Hind.), one of 
 
 the highest caste, not -an; 
 
 fern, -ee*, not -i. 
 braies (Fr. typ. f.), spoiled 
 
 sheets. 
 brail *, to haul up. 
 braille, raised letters for 
 
 the blind. 
 braise* (cook.), not -ze 
 
 (see also braze), 
 brake*, for wheel, etc., 
 
 not break. 
 Br.Am., British America, 
 bran/*, -ny*. 
 Brandes (Georg M. H.), 
 
 1 842-, Danish writer. 
 brand-new*, mo/ bran-. 
 brant-goose, usehrent- *. 
 Brantdme (P. de B.), 
 
 1540-1614, French writer. 
 brasserie (Fr. f.), brewery, 
 brassy* (Sc), the wrasse 
 
 fish, a golf club, not -ie. 
 bratticing* (arch.), open 
 
 carved work. 
 Brauneberger, a white 
 
 wine. 
 Braunschweig, Ger. for 
 
 Brunswick. 
 bravja! (It.), "well done!" 
 
 to a woman, -O, to a man. 
 bravado/*, pi. -es*. 
 bravo/*, a desperado; pi. 
 
 -es. 
 braw* (Sc), fine. 
 Brawne (Fanny), loved 
 
 by Keats, not Bro-. 
 braze*, to solder, not -ise, 
 
 -ize {see also braise). 
 Brazil/, -ian, abbr. Braz. 
 Br.Col., British Columbia. 
 
BBEADAIiBANE — BHOCKHAUS 
 
 Breadalbane (Marquess 
 of). 
 
 break/* (s^^ brake); (typ.) 
 the division into a fresh 
 
 paragraph ; line*, last 
 
 one of a paragraph : never 
 to begin page, and should 
 have more than five let- 
 ters, except in narrow 
 measures. 
 
 break-down*, a collapse. 
 
 b. ree., bills receivable. 
 
 breccia* (geol.), woZ-chia. 
 
 Brechin, Forfar. 
 
 Brecon, not Brecknock, 
 -shire. 
 
 breech.-load/er,-ing,abbr. 
 
 B. L. ; ing rifle, 
 
 B.I,.R. 
 
 Breitkopf & Hartel, pub- 
 lishers, Leipzig. 
 
 brent-goose *, not bra-. 
 
 Bretagne, Fr. for Brit- 
 tany; Grande — , Great 
 Britain. 
 
 Breton, abbr. Bret. 
 
 brev., brevet, -ed. 
 
 brevet d'invention (Fr. 
 m,), a patent. 
 
 brevets s.g.d,g. (Fr.), pa- 
 tented without Govern- 
 ment guarantee. 
 
 brevier* (typ.), a fount 
 about eight point, as this, 
 nine and a half lines to the 
 inch ; pron. bre-veer'. 
 
 brevi manu* (Lat.), off- 
 hand. 
 
 briar, use -er*. 
 
 bribable*, «o/-eable. 
 
 bric-k-brac* (accent). 
 
 BridgeEnd, Donegal, Fife, 
 Flint, Linlithgow, Perth. 
 
 Bridgend, Argyl, Glam, 
 Perth. 
 
 Bridgenorth, Salop, now 
 Bridgnorth. 
 
 Bridgeton, Glasgow ; New 
 Jersey, U.S.A. 
 
 Bridgetown, Barbados, 
 Canada, Devon, Donegal, 
 Somerset, W. Austral., 
 Wexford (one word). 
 
 Bridgnorth, Salop. 
 
 Bridgwater, Somerset, 
 
 not Bridge-. 
 bridoon ♦, a bridle, not bra-, 
 brier/*, — -root*, — 
 
 -rose*, not briar-, brere-. 
 brig (naut.), abbr. br. 
 Brig., brigade, -ier. 
 Brillat-Savarin (A.), 
 
 17^5-1826, gastronomist, 
 brilliant* (typ.), . ti.r«, «d h.if 
 
 poiat ronnt, u tMt, uineueii and thrM-qovtw lin* 1 
 
 bring up (typ. ), to underlay 
 or overlay. 
 
 Brinvilliers (marquise 
 de), 1630-76, criminal. 
 
 brioche* (Fr. f.), blunder, 
 cake. 
 
 briquette*, a block of 
 artificial fuel. 
 
 Bristol - board*, card- 
 board used by artists. 
 
 Brit./, Britain, Britannia, 
 -icus, -ica, British ; — 
 Mus., British Museum. 
 
 Briticism* (after Galli- 
 cism, Scotticism). 
 
 British/, abbr. Brit. ; 
 
 — Academy, B.A. ; 
 
 — America, Br. Am. ; 
 
 — India, B.I. ; — Mu- 
 seum, Brit. Mus. 
 
 Britt. (coins), Britan- 
 niarum. 
 
 Brittany,in Fr. Bretagne. 
 
 britzka*, Polish carriage, 
 not the many variations. 
 
 bro., bros., brother, -s. 
 
 Broad - Churchman* 
 (caps., hyphen). 
 
 Broad Heath, Tenbury. 
 
 Broadheath, Altrinchara. 
 
 Broad Oak, Dorset, Here- 
 ford, Sussex. 
 
 BroadoakjCornwall, Salop. 
 
 Broadwas, Worcester. 
 
 Broadway, Wexford, 
 
 Worcester. 
 
 Broadwey, Dorset. 
 
 Brobdingnag*, not Brob- 
 dig-. 
 
 brochTire*, a "stitched 
 work," not bound. 
 
 Brockhaus (F. A.), pub- 
 lisher, Leipzig. 
 
 39 
 
BROCKTON — BUCHHANDLUKG 
 
 Brockton, Salop; Mass., 
 U.S.A. 
 
 Brocton, Staffs. 
 
 Broglie, an It.-Fr. family. 
 
 bromine*, symbol Br. 
 
 bronchia*, branches of the 
 bronchi. 
 
 bronchjus* (anat.), a 
 branch of the windpipe ; 
 pi. -i*. 
 
 bronco/*, Mex. horse, not 
 -cho ; pi. -s. 
 
 Bronte ( Charlotte) , 1 8 1 6- 
 55, writer. 
 
 brooch*, a dress fastening, 
 not -ach. 
 
 Brooke, Norfolk ; — 
 (Lord). 
 
 Brookline, Boston, U.S.A. 
 
 Brooklyn, New York. 
 
 Brooks's Club, London, 
 not -es's. 
 
 Broomedge, Warrington. 
 
 Broomhedge, Lisburn. 
 
 broomstick* (one word). 
 
 Broomyknowes, Mid- 
 lothian. 
 
 brother/, abbr. b. or bro., 
 pi. -s*, brethren*, abbr. 
 bros. ; — -german *, 
 "whole" brother; in- 
 law* (hyphens). 
 
 Brotschrift (Ger.), or- 
 dinary, not display, type. 
 
 Broughton (Rhoda), 
 1840-, novelist. 
 
 Brown (Ford Madox), 
 1821-93, painter; — 
 (Robert), 17 73- 1858, 
 botanist ; abbr. Br. 
 
 Browne (C. F.), 1834-67, 
 ' ' Artemus Ward, ' ' writer. 
 
 Brown-S6quard (C. E.), 
 1818-94, physiologist. 
 
 browse *, to eat, not -ze. 
 
 Bruch (Ger. m.), a frac- 
 tion. 
 
 Brugsch (H. K.), 1827- 
 94, Egyptologist. 
 
 Brummell (G. B., 
 "Beau"), 1778-1840. 
 
 Brunhild (Norse myth.). 
 
 Briinnhilde, Wagnerian 
 heroine. 
 
 Brunonian, an alumnus of 
 Brown University, U.S.A. 
 
 brusque* (not ital.). 
 
 Brussels, in Flem. Brus- 
 sel, in Fr. Bruxelles. 
 
 brussels sprouts * (not 
 cap., no apos.). 
 
 brutalize*, not -ise. 
 
 brutum fulmen (Lat.), an 
 empty threat ; pi. bruta 
 fulmina. 
 
 Bruxelles, Fr. for Brus- 
 sels. 
 
 Bryn Mawr College 
 Philadelphia, U.S.A. 
 
 Brynmaw^r, Brecon. 
 
 bryology, abbr. bryol. 
 
 Brython*, Welsh for 
 Briton. 
 
 B.S.*, Bachelor of Surgery ; 
 b.S., balance sheet, bill 
 of sale ; B.S.C, Bengal 
 Staff Corps ; B.Sc, 
 Bachelor of Science; 
 B.Sc.(Econ.), ditto in 
 faculty of Economics ; 
 B.Sc. (Eng.), ditto En- 
 gineering (London Uni- 
 versity) ; B.S.Xj., Botani- 
 cal Society of London. 
 
 B.Th., Bachelor of The- 
 ology ; B.Th.U., British 
 Thermal Unit; B.T.U. 
 (elec). Board of Trade 
 Unit, or kilowatt-hour. 
 
 B.U., Brown University, 
 Rhode Island, U.S.A. 
 
 bu., bushel. 
 
 buccaneer*, not-\ev, buca-. 
 
 Buccleuch (Duke of), not 
 -gh ; pron. buk-loo'. 
 
 Bucellas*, a white wine. 
 
 Buch (Ger. n.), book; pi. 
 Biicher. 
 
 Buchanan, Stirlingshire 
 (2 «'s). 
 
 Bucharest, use Buka-. 
 
 Buchjblnder (Ger. m.), 
 bookbinder ; -binder- 
 kunsty art of bookbind- 
 ing; 'druclcerf a printer ; 
 -druckerlcunst, art of 
 printing; -handler, book- 
 seller ; -/lanJ/u/i^, book- 
 
 40 
 
BUCHSTABEM- — BUSHMILIiS 
 
 seller's shop ; Bttch- 
 
 Staben, letters of the 
 
 alphabet. 
 Buckinghamshire, abbr. 
 
 Bucks (no point). 
 Bucknall, Lines, Staffs. 
 Bucknell, Oxon, Salop, 
 buckskin* (one word). 
 Budapest, Hungary, not 
 
 -pesth (one word). 
 Buddha* (Skt.), Gautama 
 
 Sakyasinha, died 543 b.c. 
 buddhi (Skt.), the intelli- 
 gence. 
 Buddh/ism*, -ist*; (typ.) 
 
 if necessary divide at 
 
 stroke; abbr. Budd. 
 budgerigar, a parakeet. 
 Buenos Ayres, Argentina, 
 
 not — Ai-. 
 buffalo/*,/*/, -es*. 
 buffer State (cap. 5 only), 
 buffet/*, -ed*, -ing*. 
 BufEbn (G. L. L.), 1707- 
 
 88, naturalist. 
 buhl, usual, buthovle*. 
 building, abbr. bldg., pi. 
 
 bldgs. 
 Bukarest, not Bukh-. 
 Bukhara, use Bo-, 
 buksheesh, use bak- *. 
 bul., bulletin. 
 bulbul* (Pers.), "the 
 
 nightingale of the East." 
 Bulgaria/, -n, abbr. Bulg. 
 bull* (Stock Exchange), a 
 
 speculator for the rise, 
 bulletin* (not ital.); abbr. 
 
 bul. 
 bulrush*, «o^bull-. 
 bunikin*(naut. ), not bump-. 
 bumpkin*, countryman. 
 buncombe*, wo/ bunkum. 
 Bundesrat, not -th (s^^As- 
 
 semblies — Germany), 
 bundle/, -s, abbr. bdl/., -s. 
 bungalow*, a house with 
 
 one story (not ital.). 
 Bunker Hill (battle of), 
 
 not Bunker's-, 
 bun/kum, use -combe*. 
 buonamano (It. f.), a 
 
 gratuity (one word). 
 Buonaparte, use Bona-. 
 
 bur, see burr, 
 burden*, not -then. 
 Burdett-Coutts (A. G., 
 
 Baroness), 1814-. 
 bureau/*,/*/, -x* (not ital.). 
 Bureau Veritas, maritime 
 
 underwriters' association 
 
 at Brussels (two caps.). 
 burgamot, use ber-*. 
 burgaudine*, mother of 
 
 pearl, not -ndine. 
 burgeois, see bourgeois 
 
 (typ.)- 
 
 burgess, abbr. burg. 
 
 burgh* (Sc), a town pos- 
 sessing a charter, not 
 borough. 
 
 burglar *, not -er. 
 
 burgomaster * (one 
 
 word) ; abbr. burg. 
 
 burgrave*, a governor, 
 not burgg-. 
 
 Burgundy*, a wine. 
 
 Burial Service (caps.). 
 
 burl*, a lump in cloth. 
 
 burl., burlesque. 
 
 Burlington House, Lon- 
 don (caps.). 
 
 Burm/a, not -ah ; -an, 
 native of Burma,//, -ans. 
 
 Burne- Jones (Sir Ed- 
 ward), 1833-98, painter 
 (hyphen). 
 
 burnous *, Arab cloak, not 
 -e, bernouse (ital.). 
 
 Burntisland, Fife (one 
 word). 
 
 burnt sienna*, orange- 
 red pigment, not — siena. 
 
 burr*, a rough edge, not 
 bur. 
 
 Burren, Co. Down. 
 
 Burrin, Co. Galway. 
 
 burthen, m5^ burden*. 
 
 bus*, omnibus, not ^hus, pi. 
 buses: omnibus to be 
 used in print. 
 
 bushel*, 2218 cubic inches; 
 in U.S.A. 2150-4; abbr. 
 bus. 
 
 Bushey/, Herts ; — Park, 
 Middlesex, not -hy. 
 
 Bushmills, town iu An- 
 trim (one word). 
 
 41 
 
BUSHY — BYZANT 
 
 Bushy House, National 
 Physical Laboratory. 
 
 busybody*, not busi-. 
 
 Butterleigh, Devon. 
 
 Butterley, Derby. 
 
 buttermilk* (one word). 
 
 buyer's option, abbr. b.o. 
 
 Buys-Ballot (C. H. D.), 
 1817-90, meteorologist. 
 
 B.V.*, Beata Virgo (the 
 Blessed Virgin) ; b.v., 
 bene vale (farewell) ; 
 B.V.M., Beata Virgo 
 Maria (the Blessed Virgin 
 Mary). 
 
 B.W.G., Birmingham wire 
 gauge. 
 
 B.W.I., British West In- 
 dies. 
 
 B.W.T.A., British Wo- 
 men's Temperance Asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 bx., bxs., box, -es. 
 
 by and by* (no hyphens). 
 
 bye/, -s (cricket), abbr. b. 
 
 bye-bye*, a nursery good- 
 bye (hyphen). 
 
 by-election* (hyphen). 
 
 bygone * (one word). 
 
 by-lane * (hyphen). 
 
 by-law*, not bye-. 
 
 byname*, a sobriquet (one 
 word). 
 
 bypath* (one word). 
 
 by-play* (hyphen). 
 
 by-plot *, by-product *, 
 not bye-. 
 
 by-road* (hyphen). 
 
 bystander* (one word). 
 
 by-street* (hyphen). 
 
 by the by* (no hyphens). 
 
 by-Tvalk*, a private walk 
 (hyphen). 
 
 by-"way* (hyphen). 
 
 byword* (one word). 
 
 byzant*, «5^be-*. 
 
 4a 
 
B NOTES 
 
 43 
 
B NOTES 
 
C. — CAIAPHAS 
 
 C, Catholic, centigrade, 
 century, chairman, Chan- 
 cellor, Chancery, chief. 
 Church, (mus.) common 
 metre. Congress, -ional, 
 Conservative, consul, con- 
 tralto, counter-tenor, -s, 
 Court, the third in a series, 
 and all proper names with 
 this initial. 
 
 C*, carbon, centum (a hun- 
 dred), lOO. 
 
 c, cent, -s, centime, chapter, 
 city, conductor, constable, 
 cubic, (cricket) caught, 
 (elec.) current, (naut.) 
 cloudy. 
 
 C, circa f circiter^ circunt 
 (about). 
 
 O (inverted C), 500. 
 
 C.A., Chartered Account- 
 ant, Chief Accountant, 
 commercial agent. Con- 
 federate Army, Controller 
 of Accounts. 
 
 Ca (chem.), calcium. 
 
 ca., cases, cathode. 
 
 fa (Fr.), here. 
 
 Caaba*, the most sacred 
 shrine at Mecca, not K-. 
 
 caaing-vsrhale, use 
 
 ca'ing — *. 
 
 cabana*, a cigar, not -na. 
 
 cabbala*, Heb. tradition, 
 not k-, cabala, -alia. 
 
 cabinet cards, 6^2 x ^^^in. 
 
 cablegram *. 
 
 Cabul, use Kabul. 
 
 ca* canny (Sc), go easily! 
 
 cachemire, use cash- 
 mere*. 
 
 cacbe-poussibre (Fr. m.), 
 dust-coat, dust-cloak. 
 
 cachet*, a packet. 
 
 cachet* (Fr. m.), seal, 
 signet, characteristic. 
 
 cacique*, W. Indian and 
 S. Amer. chief, not caz-. 
 
 caeodemon*,an evil spirit, 
 not -daemon. 
 
 cacoetbesj* (Lat.), an evil 
 habit; — loquetldl, an 
 itch for speaking ; — scri-' 
 bendif ditto for writing. 
 
 cact/us* (bot.),//. -i. 
 
 caddis/*. May- fly larva, not 
 -ice ; worm*. 
 
 cadeauj* (Fr. m.), a gift ; 
 
 pi. -X. 
 
 cadi*, Oriental judge, not 
 
 k-. 
 cadit quasstio (Lat.), the 
 
 question falls, 
 cadmium* symbol Cd*. 
 caduoe/us*, pi. -i*. 
 Cadwaladr, Welsh prince, 
 
 not -allader. 
 caBc/um*, the blind-gut, not 
 
 ce-; pi. -a*. 
 Csedmon, d. 670, poet, not 
 
 Ce- ; pron. ked'mon. 
 Caermarthen, use Car-. 
 Caernarvon, use Car-. 
 csBrulean, use ce- *. 
 CsBsar/, -ean*, «o/-ian. 
 Caesarea Philippi. 
 caesium*, symbol Cs*. 
 caesura*, division of a 
 
 metrical line, not ce-. 
 CBBteris paribus, use 
 
 ce-. 
 caf6* (Fr. m.), coffee-house 
 
 (6, not ital.). 
 caf6l au lait (Fr.), coffee 
 
 and milk ; — noir, strong 
 
 coffee without milk. 
 caffe (It.), coffee-house (^). 
 CaflFre, use Kafir*, 
 caftan*, Turkish garment, 
 
 not k-. 
 Caher, Limerick. 
 cabler* (Fr. m.), a paper 
 
 book, sheets of MS., exer- 
 cise book. 
 Cahir, Tipperary. 
 Caiaphas, high priest. 
 
 45 
 
CAILIilAUD — CALOTTE 
 
 Cailliaud (P.), 1787-1886, 
 
 Fr. traveller. 
 caiman, use cay-*. 
 Cainan, grandson of Seth 
 
 {see also Canaan). 
 Caine (T. H. Hall), 
 
 1 853-, writer. 
 ca*ing- whale*, a porpoise, 
 
 not caa-. 
 cainozoic* (geol.), not 
 
 cseno-, ceno-, kai-. 
 caique*, a boat, not cai-. 
 **ga ira,** That's the thing! 
 
 Fr. song. 
 Cairene, native of Cairo. 
 Caimes (J. E.), 1823-75, 
 
 economist. 
 Cairns (Earl), 1819-85, 
 
 Lord Chancellor, 
 caisson*, ammunition 
 
 chest, not cassoon. 
 Caister - on - Sea, Great 
 
 Yarmouth. 
 Caistor, Lines, Norfolk. 
 Caius College, Camb, 
 
 pron. kez ; abbr. C.C. 
 cajuput* (bot.), not caja-, 
 
 caje-. 
 Cal., California (official 
 
 abbreviation). 
 cal., calendar. 
 caL (mus.), calando. 
 calabrasella, a card game, 
 calamanco*, a woollen 
 
 stuff, not call-, calli-. 
 calamary*, the squid. 
 calamus*, a reed, a pen. 
 calando* (mus.), tone and 
 
 rate diminished ; abbr. 
 
 cal. 
 calcareous*, wo^-ious. 
 calcedony, use chal-*. 
 calcium*, symbol Ca*. 
 calculator*, not -er. 
 calculer {Fr. typ.), to "cast 
 
 off" MS. 
 calcul/us*, internal con- 
 cretion ; pi. -i*. 
 Caldecott (Randolph), 
 
 1846-86, artist. 
 Calderon de la Barca, 
 
 1600-81, Sp. dramatist. 
 caldron, use caul-*. 
 calendse, calends, not k-. 
 
 calendar*, an almanac, 
 
 not k- ; abbr. cal. 
 calender *, to make 
 
 smooth. 
 calender* (Pers.,Turk.), a 
 
 dervish, not k-. 
 calends*, the first day of 
 
 the month ; the Greek — , 
 
 a time that never comes, 
 
 not k-. 
 cal^ abbr. cf. 
 «* Caliban upon Sete- 
 
 bos," by R. Browning. 
 calibre*, not -er. 
 Calibum*, King Arthur's 
 
 sword, not cala-, cale-. 
 calico/*, pi. -es. 
 California, official abbr. 
 
 Cal. 
 calig/a, episcopal stocking; 
 
 pi. -89. 
 
 caligraphy, use calli-*. 
 
 calimanco, use cala-*. 
 
 caliper, use calliper*. 
 
 caliph/*, -ate*, not -if, 
 kalif, -iph. 
 
 oalippic, use calli-*. 
 
 calisaya*, cinchona bark. 
 
 calisthenics, not call-. 
 
 cal/ix, Msg-yx*. 
 
 calk, use caulk*. 
 
 Callander, Perth. 
 
 Callendar (Prof. H. L.), 
 1863-, physicist and 
 stenographer {see also 
 cale-). 
 
 calligraphy*, not cali-. 
 
 Calliope, muse of elo- 
 quence ; pron. ka-ly^d-pe. 
 
 calliper*, not cali-. 
 
 callippic *, not cali-. 
 
 Callirrhoe, wife of Alc- 
 maeon ; pron, kal-i-r5'e. 
 
 callisthenics, ws^cali-. 
 
 Calmann - L^vy, pub- 
 lisher, Paris. 
 
 calmia (bot.), use k-*. 
 
 Calmucks, use Kal-. 
 
 calorescence *. 
 
 calori/meter*, heat meas- 
 urer ; -motor*, voltaic 
 battery. 
 
 calotte *, skull-cap, not 
 -ote, callot. 
 
 46 
 
CAIiTROP — CANON 
 
 caltrop* (mil.), iron ball 
 with spikes, not -throp, 
 -trap. 
 
 calumniator*, not -er. 
 
 Calv6 (Emma), 1866-, 
 Fr. singer. 
 
 Calverleigh, S. Devon. 
 
 Calverley, Leeds, and Tun- 
 bridge Wells ; — (C. S.), 
 1835-84, writer. 
 
 caly/x*, not 'ix; pi. -ces*. 
 
 Camacho*s wedding, 
 useless show, from " Don 
 Quixote." 
 
 Camaralzaman, in "Ara- 
 bian Nights." 
 
 Camb, Cambridge. 
 
 camblet, tise camlet*. 
 
 Cambodia, near Siam, not 
 -oja, Kamboja. 
 
 Cambrai, Fr., not -ray. 
 
 cambrai, machine-made 
 lace. 
 
 Cambray stone, moss 
 agate. 
 
 Cambridge/, abbr. Camb, 
 Cantab. ; — Univer- 
 sity, C.U. 
 
 Cambridgeshire, abbr. 
 Cambs. 
 
 Camd. Soc, Camden So- 
 ciety. 
 
 camelopard*, the giraffe, 
 not -leopard. 
 
 camelot, use camlet*. 
 
 Camembert, a cheese. 
 
 cameo/*, pi. -s. 
 
 camera/*, pi -s; — ob- 
 scura*, not — oscura. 
 
 Camera StelJata, the Star 
 Chamber. 
 
 Cameroons, Ger. Afr., use 
 Kamerun. 
 
 camlet*, a woollen stuff, 
 not -blet, -elot. 
 
 Camoens (Luis de), 
 1524-80, Port, poet, not 
 CamO-. 
 
 camomile * (bot.), not cha-. 
 
 Campagna di Koma, the 
 plain round Rome. 
 
 campanile/*, a belfry ; pi. 
 -s. 
 
 Campbell - Bannerman 
 
 (Sir H.), 1836-, states- 
 man (hyphen). 
 
 Campbeltown, Argyl. 
 
 Campeche Bay, City, or 
 State, Mexico, wo^-peachy . 
 
 Campjo (It.), open ground, 
 pi. -I; campo santo (It., 
 Sp.), a cemetery. 
 
 Can., Canada. 
 
 can., canon, canto, cantoris. 
 
 Canaan, son of Ham {see 
 also Cainan). 
 
 Canada, abbr. Can. 
 
 Canada* (Sp.), a gorge. 
 
 canaille* {Fr.{.\the rabble. 
 
 Canaker, use Kanaka*. 
 
 Canaletto (Antonio), 
 1697-1768, It. painter. 
 
 canalize *, not -ise. 
 
 Canapitset, Mass. , not -ett. 
 
 Canara, Bombay, use K-. 
 
 canardi* (Fr.m.),anabsurd 
 story, a duck ; — saU' 
 vage, wild-duck. 
 
 canaster*, a tobacco, not k-. 
 
 cancel* (typ.), deleted 
 matter, a reprint correct- 
 ing error, the signature to 
 be preceded by *. 
 
 cancel/*, -led*, -ler*, 
 -ling*, -ment*. 
 
 Candahar, use K-. 
 
 candelabr/um*, a candle- 
 stand ; pi. -a *. 
 
 " Candide,** by Voltaire. 
 
 Candiote, native of Candia, 
 more usually Cretan. 
 
 Candlemas-Day, 2 Feb. 
 
 canepborjos* (arch.), pi. 
 
 caneton (Fr. m.), duck- 
 ling. 
 
 Cannabis*, not Cana-. 
 
 Cannes, S. Fr.; pron. kan. 
 
 Canning (George), 1770- 
 1827, statesman ; — 
 (C. J., Earl), i8i2-6a, 
 statesman. 
 
 cannon/*, -ade*; in Fr. 
 m. canon], -naae. 
 
 cannon-bone *,«o/canon-. 
 
 canny* (Sc), knowing, 
 not -ie. 
 
 canon, abbr. can. 
 
 47 
 
CANON — CAPITALIZATION 
 
 canon* (typ.), Eng. forty- 
 four point type, about 
 three-fifths of an inch 
 deep. 
 
 canon* (Sp.), a gorge ; 
 pron. ka'nyon. 
 
 canonize*, not -ise. 
 
 " Canon*s Yeoman's 
 Tale," by Chaucer. 
 
 Canosa, Abruzzi, S. Italy. 
 
 Canossa, Modena, N. Italy ; 
 to go to — , "to eat 
 humble pie." 
 
 Canova (Antonio), 1757- 
 1822, It. sculptor. 
 
 Canrobert (F. C), 1809- 
 95, Marshal of France. 
 
 canst* (no apos.). 
 
 Cant., Canterbury, Can- 
 ticles. 
 
 can't * (typ.), to be set close 
 up. 
 
 Cantabrigian*, of Cam- 
 bridge, not -dgian. 
 
 Cantabrigiensis, of Cam- 
 bridge University ; abbr. 
 Cantab. 
 
 cantaloup *, a musk-melon, 
 not -eloup, -eleup. 
 
 Canterbury, abbr. Cant. 
 
 canticle *, a hymn ; abbr. 
 cant. 
 
 Canticum Canticorum, 
 **The Song of Songs." 
 
 cantilever*, a form of 
 bridge, not -alever, -iliver. 
 
 cantiniler*, /em. -dre*, 
 a canteen-keeper. 
 
 Cantire, Argyl, use Kin- 
 tyre. 
 
 canto/*, a song; pi. -s*, 
 abbr. can. 
 
 cantonment*, military 
 quarters ; pron. kan-toon'- 
 ment. 
 
 cantoris, of a precentor ; 
 abbr. can. 
 
 Cantor Lectures (Royal 
 College of Physicians, and 
 Society of Arts). 
 
 Cantuar.f Cantuana, Can- 
 tuariensis (of Canterbury). 
 
 Cantuar: signature Abp. 
 of Canterbury (colon). 
 
 Cantuarian, of Canter- 
 bury. 
 Canute, use Cnut. 
 canvas*, coarse linen. 
 canvass*, to solicit votes. 
 caoutchouc*, india-rubber. 
 cap., capital letter, capitu- 
 lum (a small head, or 
 knob), foolscap. 
 cap., caput (head). 
 cap-ii-pie*, from head to 
 foot, not — a — (not ital.). 
 Cape/ (typ.), when w\\h 
 name cap. ; — Breton, 
 Nova Scotia, not Briton, 
 Britton, Britun, abbr. 
 C.B. ; -- Haitien, W. 
 Indies, not Hay- ; — 
 of Good Hope, abbr. 
 C.G.H. 
 capercailzie*, not -caillie. 
 Capemaite*, inhabitant 
 
 of Capernaum. 
 Cape Town, S. Africa 
 
 (caps., no hyphen). 
 Cape Verd Islands, not 
 
 — de Verd, — Verde. 
 capibara, use capy-*. 
 capitalize*, «o/-ise. 
 capitalization*. When 
 in doubt use lower case. 
 Initial capitals for : — 
 Abstract qualities 
 personified: OFame! 
 Acts of Parliament 
 
 (titles of). 
 Adjectives derived from 
 proper names, as Gar- 
 gantuan, Homeric, but 
 not those which by use 
 have become common, 
 as brussels sprouts, 
 morocco leather. 
 Architectural pe- 
 
 riods : the Renais- 
 sance. 
 Associations,as Charity 
 
 Organisation Society. 
 Bible, and synonyms. 
 Botany, all divisions 
 higher than species, that 
 is, genera, families, 
 orders, classes {see also 
 botany). 
 
 48 
 
CAPITALIZATION 
 
 capitalization (cont.). 
 
 Churches, as Wesleyan 
 Church. 
 
 Compass point abbre- 
 viations, N., N. b E., 
 N.N.E., N.E. b N., 
 etc. 
 
 Compound titles, 
 
 as Assistant -Adjutant- 
 General, Chief Justice, 
 Ex-President, Major- 
 General, Vice-Presi- 
 dent. 
 
 Days, as Christmas Day, 
 Lady Day, Monday, 
 New Year's Day. 
 
 Deity (the Christian) 
 synonyms and pro- 
 nouns, as Almighty, 
 Christ, Dotninus, Fa- 
 ther, God, He, Him, 
 Himself, His, Jehovah, 
 Lord, Me, Mine, the 
 Deity, Thee, the Holy 
 Trinity, Thine, Thy, 
 Who, Whom. 
 
 Emphasis — as a means 
 of. 
 
 Festivals, as Easter, 
 Whitsuntide. 
 
 German substantives, 
 but not adjectives de- 
 rived from proper 
 names, or denoting a 
 class ; also personal 
 pronouns of the second 
 person. 
 
 Government (the). 
 
 Historic names and 
 phrases, as the Dark 
 Ages, the Plague, 
 etc. 
 
 House of Lords, 
 Commons, etc. 
 
 Interrogation : the next 
 word following a note 
 of interrogation (?) 
 should generally begin 
 with a capital letter. 
 
 MS., MSS., manuscript, 
 -s (one point only). 
 
 Nicknames, the Iron 
 Duke, the Admirable 
 Crichton. 
 
 capitalization (cont). 
 
 O! and Oh!— the inter- 
 jections. 
 
 PalsBontology, all divis- 
 ions higherthan species. 
 
 Periods, caps, after all, 
 except abbreviations. 
 
 Poetry, beginning of 
 each line in modern 
 English and French ; 
 not necessarily in Ger- 
 man, Latin, or Greek. 
 
 Political bodies, as 
 Assembly, Senate. 
 
 Postal district abbre- 
 viations, as E.G. 
 
 Proper names, includ- 
 ing English Christian 
 names, surnames, and 
 names of an individual, 
 family, place, locality, 
 and the like, except 
 initial ff. Also verbs 
 formed from them, as to 
 Boycott. 
 
 P.S., postscript (two 
 points). 
 
 Quotations, complete 
 and intended to be em- 
 phatic : " Thou art the 
 man." 
 
 Hank, when individuals 
 are referred to or ad- 
 dressed by their rank, 
 as "the Squire said", 
 "Good evening. Gen- 
 eral ". 
 
 Religious denomina- 
 tions. Nonconformist. 
 
 Hoads, Gardens, 
 
 Gates, Groves, 
 
 Hills, Parks, 
 
 Squares, Streets, 
 Terraces, etc., when 
 with name. 
 
 Sects, as the Primitive 
 Methodists. 
 
 Sovereign (the), in pro- 
 clamations, all personal 
 pronouns referring to, 
 as Him, His, etc. 
 
 Speeches, first letter of 
 cited. 
 
 State (the). 
 
 49 
 
CAPITALIZATION — CARAWAY 
 
 capitalization (cont). 
 
 Titles, and Sub-titles, 
 of books,the important 
 words only, as ''Com- 
 promise", "I Forbid 
 the Banns". 
 
 Titles of corporations. 
 Board of Trade. 
 
 Titles of courtesy and 
 of honour: H.R.H., 
 T.R.H., President 
 
 Roosevelt, His Grace, 
 Sir John Smith, J. 
 Smith, Esq., Mr. J. 
 Smith, etc. 
 
 Titles of distinction, 
 as F.R.S., LL.D., are 
 usually put in large 
 caps. Even s.caps often 
 improve general effect. 
 
 Titles of periodicals, 
 pictures, plays, etc.: 
 "The Times"; "Chill 
 October"; "Hamlet." 
 
 Titles of poems and 
 songs, when formed 
 from the first line, to 
 be similarly capitalized, 
 as " I Fear no Foe", 
 " Where the Bee 
 Sucks ". 
 
 Trade Association 
 Titles : Ironfounders 
 Engineers (no apos. 
 here, off.). 
 
 Zoology, all divisions 
 higher than species : 
 genera, families, orders, 
 classes. 
 capital letter, abbr. cap. 
 capitals (large), indicat- 
 ed in MS. by three lines 
 
 underneath the letter ; 
 
 abbr. cap. (See also 
 
 capitalization. ) 
 capitals (small), usually 
 
 ABOUT TWO -THIRDS SIZE 
 OF LARGE CAPS., AS THIS 
 
 TYPE, indicated in MS. 
 by two lines underneath ; 
 may be used in printed 
 letters for the address, 
 date, and signature, and 
 for name of newspaper in 
 
 paper itself ; they should 
 noi be used for side-head- 
 ings in catalogues, dic- 
 tionaries, and educational 
 works. They are not 
 used in German or Gr. 
 Abbr. S.cap.,/»/. s.caps.; 
 even s.caps, ditto with- 
 out large initials. 
 
 capitulum (Lat.), a small 
 head, or knob ; abbr. cap, 
 
 capres (Fr. pi. f.), capers. 
 
 caps, and smalls (typ.), 
 to set in small capitals 
 with the initial letters in 
 large capitals ; abbr. c. 
 and s.c. 
 
 capsize *, not -ise. 
 
 Captain, abbr. Capt. 
 
 caption*(typ.),the heading 
 of a chapter, section, or 
 page (used mostly in 
 America). 
 
 Captivity (the) of the 
 Jews (cap. C). 
 
 capucine*, dark-orange 
 colour. 
 
 caputj* (Lat.), head, abbr. 
 cap. ; — mortuum *, 
 worthless residue. 
 
 capybara*, largest living 
 rodent, not capi-. 
 
 Car., Carolus (Charles). 
 
 car, bog, pool, use carr*. 
 
 car., carat. 
 
 carabiniers, not carb-. 
 
 Caracci, family of painters, 
 1550-1619, not Carr-. 
 
 Caractacus, fl. a.d. 50, 
 King of Silures. 
 
 carafe*, water-bottle, not 
 -fr, -ffe. 
 
 caramba! (Sp.), wonder- 
 ful ! how strange ! 
 
 carat*, a weight, not 
 caract, carrat, karat ; abbr. 
 K., or car. 
 
 caratch* (Turk.), tax on 
 Christians, not -ach, -age. 
 
 Caravaggio (M. A. A.), 
 1569-1609, painter. 
 
 caravanserai*, «o/-sary, 
 -sera, -sery. 
 
 caravvray *, not carra-. 
 
 SO 
 
CARBINEEBS — CARIIAGEEW 
 
 carbineers, use cara- 
 toiniers. 
 
 carbolize *, not -ise. 
 
 carbon*, symbol C*. 
 
 carbonize*, not -ise. 
 
 carburetted*, not -eted. 
 
 carburettor*, not -er. 
 
 carcass/*, not -ase ; pi. -es. 
 
 careinom/a*, pi. -ata*. 
 
 card., cardinal. 
 
 cardamom*, not -on. 
 
 cards (sizes of) : 
 cabinet, 6^]^ x 4^16 in. 
 carte de visite, 4^/5 x 2^/2 
 (double large, 6 x 4^/3 
 
 „ small, 4^/tX378 
 extra thirds, s^ig x I'/g 
 half large, sVieXzV^ 
 „ small, 2'/,6 X 1^4 
 large, 4V2 x 3V16 
 quad large, 9 x 6'/8 
 
 „ small, 7^8 X4^'/x6 
 reduced small, 3^/2 x 2^/g 
 small, a7i6 x s'/u 
 thirds, 3^16 X1V2 
 
 carSme (Fr. m.), Lent. 
 
 care of, abbr. c/o. 
 
 Care Sunday* (Sc), fifth 
 in Lent. 
 
 caret*, insertion mark (a). 
 
 car/ex*, sedge; pi. -ices*. 
 
 Carey (Henry), d. 1743, 
 poet and composer ; — 
 (Matthew), 1760- 1839, 
 publicist ; — (Rosa N,), 
 writer; — Iiane, E.G., 
 — Road, N. E. ,— Street, 
 W.C. {see also Cary). 
 
 carfax*, the intersection 
 of streets, not -fox. 
 
 cargo/*, pi. -es*. 
 
 Caribbean* Sea, not 
 Carr-. 
 
 Cariboo, Brit. Columbia. 
 
 caribou*, American rein- 
 deer, not -boo. 
 
 Caribou Mountain, 
 Idaho. 
 
 cariole, use carr-*. 
 
 Carisbrooke, LW. 
 
 carita (It. art), representa- 
 tion of maternal love. 
 
 Carleton, Yorks. 
 
 Carlile (Richard), 1790- 
 
 1843, politician; Carlile 
 (W.), 1847-, head of 
 Church Army (see also 
 Carlisle, Carlyle). 
 
 carling* (naut), a short 
 beam, not -line. 
 
 Carling Sunday*, fifth 
 in Lent, not -lin. 
 
 Carlisle, Cumberland ; — 
 (Earl of), — (J. G.), 
 1 835-, American states- 
 man (see also Carlile, 
 Carlyle). 
 
 Carlovingian *, not K-. 
 
 Carlovitz, Austria, not 
 Karlowitz. 
 
 Carls/bad, -krona, -ruhe, 
 use K-. 
 
 Carlton, Beds, Cambs, 
 Notts, Yorks. 
 
 Carlyle (Thomas), 1795- 
 188 1, writer (see also Car- 
 lile, Carlisle). 
 
 Carlylean*,«o/-eian, -ian. 
 
 Carmagnola, Piedmont. 
 
 " Carmagnole " *, Fr.song 
 and dance. 
 
 Carmarthen, not Caer-. 
 
 Carnarvon, not Caer-. 
 
 Carnatic, India, use K-. 
 
 " Camaval de Venise," 
 popular air. 
 
 Carnegie (Andrew), 
 1837-, millionaire ; pron, 
 kar-na'gfi. 
 
 carnelian, use cor-*. 
 
 carn/ival*, in Fr, m. 
 -aval, in Ger. n. Car- 
 aeval, 
 
 Carnoustie, Fifeshire. 
 
 carol/*, -er*, -ing*. 
 
 Caroius*, Charles ; abbr. 
 Car. 
 
 carrot*, in French f. 
 carotte* 
 
 Carpathian Mts. ,m5^ K-. 
 
 carpe diem (Lat.), enjoy 
 the day, 
 
 carpet/*, -ed, -ing*. 
 
 carpjus*, the wrist ; pi. -/. 
 
 carr*, bog, pool, not car. 
 
 Carracci, use Caracci. 
 
 carrageen*, Irish moss, 
 no/ — moss, -gheen. 
 
 51 A* 
 
CABRARA — CASSOOK- 
 
 Carrara marble. 
 
 carrat, use carat *. 
 
 carraAAray, 74se cara-*. 
 
 carrelet (Fr. cook, m.), 
 flounder. 
 
 Carribbean, use Cari-*. 
 
 CarrigtwoMll, Cork (one 
 word). 
 
 Carrington (Earl, not 
 of). 
 
 carriole*, a carriage, not 
 cariole. 
 
 Carrousel (Place du), 
 Paris. 
 
 Carrutherstown, Dum- 
 fries (one word). 
 
 Carsebreck, Scotch curl- 
 ing centre. 
 
 Carse o* Gowrie, Perth. 
 
 carte * (fencing) , wo^quarte. 
 
 carte blanche*, full dis- 
 cretion (not itaL) ; abbr. 
 c.bl. 
 
 carte-de-visite/*, pi. 
 cartes-de-visite* ; abbr. 
 c.d.v. ; — cards, 4^8 x 
 s^a in- 
 
 cartel*, a challenge, «o/ ch-. 
 
 Carter, Paterson & Co., 
 carriers, London. 
 
 cartography*, not ch-. 
 
 cartouche* (arch.), scroll 
 ornament, (archaeol.) en- 
 closing line on ancient 
 Egyptian monuments, not 
 -ch. 
 
 Cartouche (L. D.), 1693- 
 1721, Fr. Dick Turpin. 
 
 carvel-built* (naut.), 
 with smooth planking. 
 
 Cary (H. F.), 1772-1844, 
 translator of Dante ; — 
 (Lucius), Lord Falkland, 
 1610-43; — (Phoebe), 
 1824-71, writer {see also 
 Carey). 
 
 caryatid/*, female figure as 
 a column; pi. -es*. 
 
 cary op/sis*, a fruit; pi. 
 -sides*. 
 
 C. A.S., Connedicutensis Ac- 
 ademic Socius (Fellow of 
 the Connecticut Academy 
 of Arts and Sciences). 
 
 « Casa GuidiWindows," 
 
 by Mrs. Browning. 
 
 Casaubon (Isaac), 1559- 
 1614, scholar. 
 
 cascara/* (Sp.), a bark 
 canoe ; — sagrada, a 
 drug. 
 
 casein*, not -ine. 
 
 cases, abbr. ca. 
 
 cash*, Chinese coin, ^ii^. ; 
 Sumatran — , 172^. (not 
 ital.). 
 
 cash., cashier. 
 
 Cashmer, India, use K-. 
 
 cashmere*, soft wool 
 fabric, not -meer, cache- 
 mere, -ire {see also cassi- 
 mere). 
 
 Casimir-Perier ( J.P.P.), 
 1847-, French Pres. 1894-5 
 (no accent). 
 
 casing, a brown paper, 
 46x36 in. 
 
 casino/ *, pi. -s (not ital.). 
 
 cask/, -s, abbr. ck. 
 
 Caslon type, an <' old- 
 faced" type as cut by 
 W. Caslon, 1692- 1766. 
 
 cassareep*, a condiment, 
 not -ireepe. 
 
 Cassation (Cour de) * (f.), 
 highest court of France. 
 
 cassava* (bot.), the man- 
 ioc, not -e, casava. 
 
 Cassegrainian*, a form of 
 telescope (cap.). 
 
 Cassel, Ger., use K-. 
 
 casse paper* (typ.), out- 
 side quires of a ream, not 
 cassie — . 
 
 cassetur billa (law), let 
 the bill be quashed. 
 
 CassimBaba,in "Arabian 
 Nights." 
 
 cassimere*, twilled wool- 
 len cloth, not casi-, karsi- 
 mer, kerseymere {see also 
 cashmere). 
 
 Cassiopeia (astr.), a con- 
 stellation. 
 
 Cassivellaunus,^. 50 b.c. , 
 British prince. 
 
 cassoon, an ammunition 
 chest, use caisson*. 
 
 53. 
 
CAST — CATTEQAT 
 
 cast (typ.), a direction that 
 the proof is passed and 
 the plate may be made. 
 
 CasteUammare (2 m*s). 
 
 caster*, one who casts {see 
 also -or). 
 
 Castle Cary, Somerset. 
 
 Castlecary, Dumbarton, 
 Londonderry. 
 
 Castlerea, pron. -ray. 
 
 Castlereagh, pron. -ray. 
 
 Castleton, Derby. 
 
 Castletown, I. of Man. 
 
 cast/ off (typ.), to estimate 
 amount of printed matter 
 MS. would make ; — up, 
 to estimate cost of com- 
 position. 
 
 castor*, a beaver or its fur, 
 a wheel for furniture {see 
 also -ev). 
 
 Castor and Pollux, stars, 
 also patrons of sailors. 
 
 casus] belli (Lat.), the 
 cause of war; — foederis, 
 case stipulated by treaty ; 
 — omissus, case unpro- 
 vided for by statute. 
 
 cat., catalogue, cataplasm, 
 catechism. 
 
 catachthonian*, subter- 
 ranean. 
 
 cataclysmist*, «o^-matist. 
 
 Catalan*, of Catalonia; 
 abbr. Cat. 
 
 Catalan! (Angelica), 
 1782-1849, singer. 
 
 Cataline, not Cati-. 
 
 catalogu/e*, abbr. cat. ; 
 -ed*, -er*, -ing*, -ize*. 
 
 catalogue raisonnS 
 
 (Fr. m.), an explanatory 
 catalogue. 
 
 catalytic*, notk-. 
 
 catamaran*, a raft. 
 
 cataplasm *, abbr. cat. 
 
 catarrhine*, a section of 
 the monkeys, not -arhine. 
 
 Catch (Jack), use Ke-*. 
 
 catch-line* (typ.), a tem- 
 porary head-line on 
 proofs, etc. 
 
 catchpole*, a sheriff's 
 officer, not -poll. 
 
 catchup*, a sauce, usually 
 ketchup *, not catsup, 
 katsup, ketsup. 
 
 catchword* (typ.), the 
 heading of each article in 
 a dictionary, etc. (see also 
 headings, index, etc.). 
 
 catechism, abbr. cat. 
 
 catechiz/e*, -er*, -ing*. 
 
 catechu*, an astringent, 
 not cascheu, caschu. 
 
 categorize*, to classify. 
 
 caten/a*, a chain ; pi. -as. 
 
 catenati, chained books. 
 
 cater/* (campan.), changes 
 on nine bells ; corner- 
 ed*, sheets of paper not 
 
 cut square ; COUSin*, 
 
 a good friend. 
 
 Cath., Catherine, Catholic. 
 
 cath., cathedral. 
 
 Catharine/, Kansas, New 
 York, Pennsylvania; — de* 
 Medici, 1519-89, Queen 
 of France, not -erine. 
 
 Cathay, poetical for China, 
 not K-. 
 
 cathedral, when with name 
 cap., as Ely Cathedral ; 
 abbr. cath. 
 
 Catherine, abbr. Cath. 
 
 cathistnia, Gr. Ch. Psalter; 
 pL -ata. 
 
 cathod/e*, abbr. ca. ; -ic, 
 -ograph; notk-. 
 
 Catholic, abbr. C, or 
 Cath. 
 
 catholicize*, not -ise. 
 
 Catholicos*, Patriarch of 
 Armenia, not -kos. 
 
 cation* (elec), electro- 
 positive element, not k- ; 
 pron. kat'i-On. 
 
 cat-o'-nine-tails* (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 cat*s-cradle*, a children's 
 game, wo/cratch-, scratch-. 
 
 Catskill Mountains, 
 New York. 
 
 cat's paw* (naut.), a light 
 air, not catspaw. 
 
 catsup, see catchup*. 
 
 Cattegat, W. of Sweden ; 
 in Dan. Kattegat. 
 
 53 
 
CATTERMOLE — CCA. 
 
 Cattermole (George), 
 1800-68, painter. 
 
 Cattleya, an orchid genus. 
 
 caubeen*, the Irish hat. 
 
 Cauchy (A. L.), 1789- 
 1857, French mathemati- 
 cian. 
 
 caught (cricket), abbr. c. 
 
 cauldron*, not cah. 
 
 caulk*, to make water- 
 tight, not calk. 
 
 caus., causation, -tive. 
 
 causa] causans* (Lat.), a 
 primary cause ; — cau- 
 sata*, a secondary cause ; 
 — mali, a cause of mis- 
 chief; vera — *, a true 
 cause. 
 
 causati/on, -ve, abbr. 
 caus. 
 
 cause cSIebre (Fr. f.), 
 famous law case. 
 
 causerle (not ital.). 
 
 causeur (Fr. m.), a con- 
 versationalist, tattler. 
 
 causeuse* (Fr. f.), a small 
 sofa. 
 
 cauterize*, not -ise. 
 
 cautery* (actual), by hot 
 iron ; electric — , by 
 platinum wire ; poten- 
 tial — , by caustics. 
 
 cautionnement (Fr. m.), 
 bail. 
 
 cav., cavalry. 
 
 C.a.v, (law), curia advisare 
 vult (the court desires to 
 consider). 
 
 cava, use Is.-*. 
 
 Cavagnari(Sir L.), 1841- 
 
 79- 
 Cavalcaselle (Q-. B.), 
 
 1820-97, It. writer on art. 
 "Cavalleria Rustica- 
 
 na** (Rustic Gallantry), 
 
 opera by Mascagni 1890 ; 
 
 pron. ka-val-a-re'a — . 
 cavalry, abbr. cav. 
 cavass, Turkish police 
 
 officer, usels.-*. 
 caveat] actor(Lat.), let the 
 
 doer beware ; — emptor ^ 
 
 ditto buyer ; — viator, 
 
 ditto traveller. 
 
 caveator*, one who enters 
 a caveat. 
 
 cave canem (Lat.), beware 
 of the dog. 
 
 cavel (naut.), a cleat, not 
 -il, kevil. 
 
 cavesson*, a nose-band for 
 horses, iiot -zon. 
 
 caviare*, not -ar, -arre, 
 -er, -ere (not ital.). 
 
 cavil/*, -led, -ler*, 
 -ling*. 
 
 cavo-rinev]o* (It.), hollow 
 relief; pi. /. 
 
 Cavour (count C), 
 1810-61, It. statesman. 
 
 Cawnpore, India, not 
 -pur. 
 
 Caxton (William), 1422- 
 9], first English printer; 
 a genuine book of his has 
 no title page, no roman 
 or italic type, no commas 
 of ordinary shape, no 
 catchwords, 
 
 Cayenne, orFr. Guiana. 
 
 Cayley (Arthur), 182 1- 
 95, mathematician. 
 
 cayman/*, Amer. alligator, 
 not cai-, kai- ; pi. -s, 
 
 cazique, use cacique*. 
 
 C.B., Cape Breton, Cavalry 
 Brigade, Chief Baron, 
 Common Bench, Com- 
 panion of the Bath, Con- 
 fined to Barracks ; C.lbl., 
 carte blanche ; C.B.S., 
 Confraternity of the 
 Blessed Sacrament. 
 
 C.C, Caius College, Cape 
 Colony, Chess Club, 
 Christ Church, Circuit 
 Court, City Council, -lor. 
 Civil Court, Common 
 Councilman, Consular 
 Clerk, County Clerk, 
 — Commissioner, — Coun- 
 cil, -lor, — court. Cricket 
 Club, Crown Clerk, Curate 
 in Charge, Cycling Club ; 
 CC, 200; C.C, compte 
 courant (account current), 
 cubic centimeter ; cc, 
 capita (chapters); CCA.. 
 
 54 
 
C.C.C. — CENTUM 
 
 Chief Clerk of the Ad- 
 miralty ; C.C.C, Corpus 
 Christi College; CCC, 
 300; CCCC, or CD, 
 400; C.C.C.S., Colonial 
 and Continental Church 
 Society ; C.C.P., Code 
 of Civil Procedure, Court 
 of Common Pleas ; 
 C.Cr.P., Code of Crimi- 
 nal Procedure ; C.C.S., 
 Ceylon Civil Service. 
 
 CD, 400; Cd (chem.), 
 cadmium ; C.d., cum 
 dividend (with dividend ; ; 
 C.D.S.O., Companion of 
 the Distinguished Service 
 Order, usually D.S.O. ; 
 c.d.V., carte-de-visite. 
 
 C.E., Canada East, Chief 
 Engineer, Church of 
 England, Civil Engineer. 
 
 Ce (chem.), cerium. 
 
 Cead Mile Failte Nom- 
 hat (Irish), a hundred 
 thousand welcomes before 
 thee. 
 
 Cecidomyia destructor y 
 the Hessian fly. 
 
 cedar*, a tree. 
 
 ceder*, one who cedes. 
 
 cedilla* e (typ.), the f. 
 
 eel., celebrated. 
 
 celaj est selon (Fr.), that 
 depends on circumstances 
 {use c'est selon) ; — 
 va sans dire, that is a 
 matter of course ; — vien- 
 dra, that will come. 
 
 celebrated, abbr. eel. 
 
 eelebrator*, not -&v. 
 
 cSldbre (Fr.), famous. 
 
 cSIeri {Fr. m.), celery. 
 
 celestialize *, not -ise. 
 
 celiac, use cceliac*. 
 
 cilibataire* (Fr. m. or f ), 
 a bachelor or spinster. 
 
 cellar*, not -er. 
 
 *celli,see * cello. 
 
 Cellini (Benvenuto), 
 1500-71, sculptor and en- 
 graver. 
 
 'cellist (mus.), a violoncello 
 player; pron. chel'lst. 
 
 *cell/o*, violoncello ; pron. 
 
 ch6Vo, pi. -i. 
 Cels., Celsius (temperature 
 
 scale same as centigrade\ 
 Celt/*, -ic*, -icism*, not 
 
 K- ; abbr. Celt, 
 cembalist*, orchestral 
 
 piano-player. 
 Cene Thursday*, day be- 
 fore Good Friday. 
 cenogamy, use coe-*. 
 cenozoic, use caino-*. 
 censer*, incense vessel, 
 censor*, Roman magis- 
 trate. 
 censor morum (Lat.), a 
 
 regulator of morals, 
 cent., centigrade, central, 
 
 century, 
 cent/, -s, American coin ; 
 
 abbr. c., ct., or cts. 
 cental/, -s, abbr. ctl. 
 centauromachy, a battle 
 
 between centaurs. 
 centen/ary*, -nial*. 
 centering*, framing for an 
 
 arch, not -reing (5^^ also 
 
 centre), 
 centigrade* (not cap.); 
 
 abbr. C.*, or cent, 
 centigram, oflf.spell. Board 
 
 of Traide, not -gramme ; 
 
 abbr. c, or eg. 
 centilitre *, 07 gill, not -er ; 
 
 abbr. el. 
 centime/, -s, abbr. c, or 
 
 cts. 
 centimetre*, •394 inch, «o/ 
 
 -er ; abbr. s. and pi. 
 
 cm. 
 Centner*, in Ger. iio^i 
 
 lb.; in U.S.A. 100 lb. 
 central, abbr. cent, 
 centralize*, «o/ -ise. 
 centr/e*. -ed*, -ing* {see 
 
 also centering), 
 centre-notes (typ.), those 
 
 between columns. 
 Centrist*, member of Fr. 
 
 Central party ; or of Ger. 
 
 Ultramontanes. 
 cents, abbr. c, or cts. 
 centum*, a hundred; abbr. 
 
 C, or cent (no point). 
 
 55 
 
CENTUMVIR — CHADAR 
 
 centumvir/*, Roman com- 
 missioner; pi. -i*. 
 
 century (typ.), spell out 
 in bookwork j abbr. C, 
 or cent. 
 
 cephalic*, not k-. 
 
 ceramic*, etc., «o/k-; abbr. 
 ceram. 
 
 Cerberus* (Greek myth.), 
 dog guardian of hell. 
 
 cerebell/um*, the hinder 
 brain ; pi. -a. 
 
 oerebr/um*, the brain 
 proper ; pi. -a. 
 
 cere/cloths*, -ments*, 
 grave-clothes; />row. seer-. 
 
 cereous*, waxy. 
 
 cerge, use cie- *. 
 
 ceriph (typ.), use serif. 
 
 cerise (Fr. f.), cherry. 
 
 cerise*, a colour. 
 
 cerium*, symbol Ce*. 
 
 cern*, to inherit. 
 
 cerne *, to surround. 
 
 cert., certificate, certify. 
 
 certiorari*, a writ (not 
 ital.). 
 
 cerulean*, not cae-, cse-, 
 coe-. 
 
 Cervantes Saavedra 
 (Miguel de), 1547-1616, 
 author of *' Don Quixote." 
 
 Cesarean, use Csb- *. 
 
 Cesarevitch, heir to Rus- 
 sian throne, use Ts-. 
 
 Cesarewitch, horse-race. 
 
 cespititious*, cespi- 
 
 tous*, turfen. 
 
 cesser* (law), the coming 
 to an end. 
 
 C*es^/.a-<//re(Fr.),thatis to 
 say ; — a vous a parler, 
 it is your turn to speak ; 
 
 — a vous de parler, it 
 is your duty to speak ; 
 
 — bien fa, that's just it ; 
 — la guerre, it's accord- 
 ing to the customs of war ; 
 
 — le premier pas qui 
 coikte, it is the first step 
 that is difficult. 
 
 Cestr., signature of Bishop 
 
 of Chester (full point). 
 Cestrian*. of Chester. 
 
 C'esilselon (Fr.), that de- 
 pends on circumstances ; 
 
 — tout dire, that's say- 
 ing everything. 
 
 cestui que/ trust* (law), 
 a beneficiary, pi. cestuis 
 
 — — (not trustent); — 
 
 — vie*, he on whose life 
 land is held, pi. cestuis 
 
 c'est une autre chose*, 
 
 that's another matter, 
 cestus *, a girdle,«o/ -os,-on. 
 cesura, use C8e- *. 
 ceteraj desiderantur or 
 
 — desunt (Lat.), the rest 
 are wanting. 
 
 ceteris paribus* (Lat.), 
 other things being equal, 
 not cae-. 
 
 Cetinje, capital of Monte- 
 negro, not Cettin,Cetinge, 
 Cettinje, Zetinje. 
 
 C.E.T.S., Church of Eng- 
 land Temperance Society. 
 
 C.F., Chaplain to the Forces ; 
 cf., calf, co«^r (compare) ; 
 c.f.i., cost, freight, and 
 insurance. 
 
 C.G., Captain-General, Cap- 
 tain of the Guard, coast- 
 guard, Coldstream Guards, 
 Commissary - General, 
 Consul-General ; eg., cen- 
 tigram ; C.G.H., Cape of 
 Good Hope; C.G.S., cen- 
 timetre - gramme - second 
 system, Commissary-Gen- 
 eral of Subsistence. 
 
 C.H., Captainof the Horse, 
 court - house, custom 
 house ; Ch., China, -ese, 
 Church, and proper names 
 with this beginning, (Lat.) 
 Chirurgise, (of surgery"); 
 ch., chapter, chief, child, 
 -ren, chirurgeon, (mus.) 
 choir organ. 
 
 cliaconne*, dance. 
 
 cliacun son goiitia) ( Fr. ), 
 every one to his taste. 
 
 Chad (Lake), use Tchad. 
 
 chadar (Ind.), use chud- 
 dar*. 
 
 56 
 
CHAIRMAN — CHAR 
 
 chairman (m. and f.), 
 
 abbr. C, orchn. 
 chaise-longue*, a couch. 
 chal*, a gipsy ;/em. chal*. 
 chalaz/a* (hiol.), pi. -ad*. 
 chalcedony*, a quartz, not 
 
 calce-, chalci- ; pron. kal-. 
 Chald/aic* -aism* {not 
 
 -aeism), -ean*, -ee*; 
 
 abbr. Chald. 
 chalet*, a Swiss cottage, 
 
 not cha- (not ital.). 
 Challemel-Lacour (P. 
 
 A.), 1827-96, French 
 
 statesman, 
 chamb., chamberlain. 
 "Chambers's Eneyclo- 
 
 paBdia.** 
 Chambertin*, a Burgundy 
 
 wine. 
 chambrej h coucber 
 
 (Fr. f.), bedroom, pi. 
 
 chambres — — ; — 
 
 tTaml, spare bedroom, 
 chameleon*, not chamae-. 
 chamfer*, to bevel, 
 chamois-leather *, not 
 
 shammy . 
 
 chamomile, use cam-*. 
 Chamonix, dep. Haute- 
 
 Savoie, not -ouni, -ounix, 
 
 -ouny. 
 champagne*, a wine. 
 champaign*, a flat open 
 
 country. 
 champerty*, an illegal 
 
 agreement, not -arty. 
 champignon* (Fr. m.), a 
 
 mushroom, not -pinion. 
 champleve, an enamel. 
 ChampoUion (J. F.), 
 
 1791-1831, Egyptol. 
 Champs ]6lys6es, Paris, 
 Chancellor, abbr. C, or 
 
 Chanc. 
 chance-medley* (law), a 
 
 form of homicide(hyphen). 
 Chancery, abbr. C. 
 change/able*, -ability*, 
 channel/*, -led*, -ling*, 
 chanson/* (Fr. f.), a song; 
 
 -nette *, a little song. 
 chant/*, singing; -er*, of 
 
 bagpipes, not chau-. 
 
 chantey (naut.), a sailor's 
 song, not -ty. 
 
 Chantilly, dep. Oise. 
 
 Chantrey/ (Sir F.), 1781- 
 184 1, sculptor ; — Fund, 
 Royal Academy of Arts, 
 London. 
 
 chap/*, a skin-crack, not 
 chop. 
 
 chap., chaplain, chapter. 
 
 cAapeau/ *(Fr. m.) , a hat, /»/. 
 'X; chapeaux bas 1 hats 
 off! chapeau rouge, red 
 cap of the Republic. 
 
 chapel* (typ.), an associa- 
 tion of journeymen in a 
 printing office. 
 
 Chapel Hill, Lines and 
 Yorks (two words). 
 
 Chapelhill, Perth (one 
 word). 
 
 chapelle ardente (Fr. f.), a 
 chapel lighted for a lying 
 in state (no hyphen). 
 
 chapelonians(typ.), mem- 
 bers of a "chapel." 
 
 Chapel Royal, pi. Chap- 
 els — . 
 
 Chapel Town, Monmouth. 
 
 Chapeltown, Banff, Co. 
 Down, Kerry, Yorks 
 (one word). 
 
 chaperon*, wo^one,-onne. 
 
 chaplain, abbr. chap. 
 
 Chappell (William), 
 1809-88, music publisher, 
 London. 
 
 Chaptal (J. A.), 1756- 
 1832, introduced metric 
 system. 
 
 chapter/, -s, abbr. c, ch., 
 or chap. ; (typ.) first 
 word s.caps. With fancy 
 initial, rest of word to 
 be in caps. If first two 
 words a proper name, 
 both to be in s.caps. ; 
 — (cited titles of), to 
 be roman double-quoted. 
 
 chapter-headings (typ.), 
 type a matter of taste ; no 
 general rule can be stated. 
 
 char/*, -red*, -ring*. 
 
 char-ii-banc*, an open 
 
 57 
 
CHABACTEmZE — CHEMISTRY 
 
 carriage with transverse 
 seats ;/>/. chars-§i-bancs. 
 
 characteriz/e *, not -ise ; 
 -able*, -ation*, -er*. 
 
 charbon* (Fr. m.), coal, 
 also anthrax. 
 
 charg6*,wor^/M/(v charge 
 d'affaires* (not ilal.j. 
 
 Charity Organisation 
 Society, ofir.,«o^organiz-; 
 abbr. C.O.S. 
 
 Charlemagne, a.d. 744- 
 814. 
 
 Charles, abbr, C, orChas. 
 
 Charlottenburg, Berlin. 
 
 Charlotte Russe* (cook.), 
 a custard. 
 
 Charon* (class, myth.), the 
 ferryman ; prott. ka'ron. 
 
 charpoy* (Ang.-Ind.), bed- 
 stead, not -ai. 
 
 chartel, use car- *. 
 
 Chartered Accountant, 
 abbr. C.A. 
 
 Charteris, />ro«. char'ters. 
 
 charter-party* (naut.) 
 (hyphen). 
 
 chartography, use ca-*. 
 
 chart paper, machine- 
 made from best rags. 
 
 Chartreuse* (Fr. f.), a 
 liqueur. 
 
 Chartreux*, a Carthusian 
 monk. 
 
 Chas., Charles. 
 
 Chasles (Michel), 1793- 
 t88o, mathematician. 
 
 chassej* (Fr. f.), a liqueur 
 glassful, hunt; — marSe, 
 coasting or fishing vessel. 
 
 chsssS (Fr. m.), a dancing 
 step. 
 
 chasse (Fr. f.\ a shrine. 
 
 Chasseujr* (Fr.), a hunts- 
 man ; /em. -se. 
 
 chassis*, window sash, a 
 framework as of motor- 
 car (not ital.). 
 
 Chaste Week, one after 
 Quinquagesima Sunday. 
 
 chastis/e*, not -ize ; 
 -ement*, -ing*. 
 
 chateau/ * (Fr.m.), a castle; 
 pi. -X* (not ital.). 
 
 Chateaubriand (F.R.A., 
 vicomte de), 1768-1848, 
 writer and statesman. 
 
 Ch^teaubriant, dep. 
 
 Loire-Inferieure. 
 
 Chateaudun, dep.Eure-et- 
 Loir. 
 
 chateau en Espagne (Fr.), 
 a ^' castle in the air." 
 
 Chateauguay, Quebec. 
 
 Cha,teau-Ijaffitte,a claret 
 (hyphen, a/'s, 2 ^'s). 
 
 ch&telain/*, lord of the 
 manor ; fern. -e*. 
 
 Chaucer (Geoffrey), 
 1340-1400. 
 
 chauffeur, motor - car 
 driver. 
 
 chaunt/, -er, use chant*. 
 
 chaussee* (Fr. f.), a cause- 
 way, the ground level. 
 
 chaussures*{Fr.{.), boots, 
 shoes, etc. 
 
 Chautauqua, New York 
 State, celebrated resort. 
 
 Ch.B., Baccalaureus Chi- 
 rurgix (Bachelor of 
 Surgery). 
 
 Ch.Ch., Christ Church, 
 Oxford. 
 
 check*, to stop {see also 
 cheque). 
 
 checker, use chequer*. 
 
 Cheddar cheese*, ttot-er. 
 
 cheeper *, partridge- or 
 grouse-chick. 
 
 Cheeryble Brothers, in 
 ''Nicholas Nickleby." 
 
 cheetah*, hunting leopard, 
 not chet-. 
 
 chef I* (Fr. m.), a cook ; — 
 de cuisine, head cook; — 
 d'ordiestre, leader of 
 the orchestra ; — -d'ceu- 
 vre*, a masterpiece, pi. 
 chefs — *. 
 
 Cheiroptera*, not Chir-. 
 
 chem/ical*, -ist*, not chy- ; 
 abbr. chem. 
 
 c/re/n/il </e /er(Fr. m.), rail- 
 way ; pL chem ins . 
 
 chemistry* (typ.), caps, for 
 initial letters of symbols, 
 no point at end, or be- 
 
 58 
 
CHEMULPO — CHiaWON 
 
 tween symbols of com- 
 pounds. Full names in 
 roman, not caps., «o/chy-; 
 abbr. chem. 
 
 Chemulpo, Korea,«o/-pho. 
 
 cheque*, a written order 
 {see also check). 
 
 chequeen*, Ind. gold coin, 
 not -quin. 
 
 cheque paper (typ.), 
 hand-made from best rags. 
 
 chequer*, mo/ checker, 
 
 Cherbourg, dep. Manche. 
 
 cherchez la femme (Fr.), 
 look for the woman, 
 
 chere amie (Fr. f.), a 
 sweetheart {h). 
 
 cherji (Fr,), fem. -/e, 
 darling (e). 
 
 Chersonese*, a peninsula. 
 
 cherub/*, pi. -s*, -im*. 
 
 cherubim*, the barn owl. 
 
 Cherubini (M. L. C. 
 Z. S.), 1 760-1 842, com- 
 poser; pron. ke-ru-be'ne. 
 
 Cheshire, abbr. Ches. 
 
 cbe sara sark (It.), what 
 will be, will be, 
 
 Chesil Beach, Dorset. 
 
 chess (masters of) : Albin, 
 Blackburne, Charousek, 
 Janowski, Lasker, Marco, 
 Maroczy, Morphy, Phil- 
 idor, Pillsbury, Popiel, 
 Schlechter, Staunton, 
 Steinitz, Tarrasch, Taub- 
 enhaus, Tchigorin, 
 
 Teichmann, Walbrodt, 
 Winawer, Zukertort. 
 
 "Chesse (The Game and 
 Playe of)," the second 
 book printed by Caxton. 
 
 chestnut*, not chesnut. 
 
 chetah, w^^chee-*. 
 
 chetvert, a Russian dry 
 measure, not tzetver, 
 tschetwert. 
 
 chetvertak, Russian silver 
 coin, not tschetwertak, 
 tchetverka. 
 
 cheval* (Fr. m.), a horse, 
 pi. chevaux ; chevalj 
 de bataille, a favourite 
 subject ; — de Mse* 
 
 (mil.), obstacle to advance, 
 usually in the pi. chevaux 
 de frise ; cheval de re- 
 tour, ticket-of-leave man. 
 
 chevalet*(mus.), the bridge 
 of a stringed instrument. 
 
 che valier dlndustrie * 
 (Fr. m.), a swindler. 
 
 chevance* (law), usury. 
 
 chevaster*, chin bandage, 
 not -tre, -vestre, -vetre. 
 
 cheville*, violin peg. 
 
 chevrette*, glove leather. 
 
 chevreuil (Fr. m.), roe- 
 buck, 
 
 Chevreul (M. E.), 1786- 
 1889, French chemist, 
 
 Cheyne Walk, Chelsea ; 
 pron. cha'nS. 
 
 Chi., Chicago. 
 
 Chianti, It. wine ; pron, 
 ke-ant'e. 
 
 chiaroscuro*, light and 
 shade, not chiaro-oscuro. 
 
 chibouk*, a Turkish pipe, 
 not -que, -buk. 
 
 chic*, "style" (not ital.). 
 
 Chicago, abbr. Chi. ;/>/•<?«. 
 sh!-kar'go. 
 
 Chichele, Oxford profes- 
 sorship;/>roM,-6l£,MO/-eel. 
 
 chick* (Ang.-Ind,), a 
 screen-blind, not check, 
 cheek. 
 
 chickabiddy*, a term of 
 endearment, not chu-. 
 
 Chickahominy (battles 
 of the). 
 
 chicory*, «o/chiccory. 
 
 chief, abbr. C, or ch. ; 
 Chief/ Accountant, 
 C. A. ; — Baron, C.B. ; 
 — Justice* (caps., no 
 hyphen), abbr, C.J. 
 
 chield* (Sc), a young man . 
 
 chiflEbn*, dress fabric or 
 ornaments. 
 
 chiffonier*, a sideboard, 
 not -nnier (not ital.). 
 
 chlPfynnjier (Fr,), /em. 
 -iere, rag collector (ital.). 
 
 chlffre (Fr. m.), figure, nu- 
 meral, monogram. 
 
 chignon*, a coil of hair. 
 
 59 
 
CHIGOE — CHRIST 
 
 chigoe*, W. Indian para- 
 site, «o/ jigger. 
 
 chib (China), 14*1 Eng. in., 
 not chee, cheh, chik. 
 
 child/, -ren, -ren*s, abbr. 
 ch. 
 
 "Childe Harold's Pil- 
 grimage,** by Byron, 
 1811-17. 
 
 Childermas*, 28 Dec. 
 
 childlike* (one word). 
 
 Chile, S. America, not 
 Chili ; but Chilian. 
 
 Chilian wall ah, Punjab, 
 not Chill-, Killianwala. 
 
 chilli/*, red, or Guinea, 
 pepper, not chile, chili, 
 chilly ; pi. -es*. 
 
 chillness*. 
 
 chilogramma (It.), kilo- 
 gram. 
 
 Chimborazo, Ecuador. 
 
 chimer*, a bishop's gar- 
 ment, not -ere. 
 
 chimera*, a creation of 
 the imagination, not 
 -sera ; pron. k!-me'ra. 
 
 Chin/a, -ese, abbr. Chin. 
 
 chincapin*, dwarf chest- 
 nut, not -kapin, -quapin. 
 
 Chinchas, ancient Peru- 
 vians. 
 
 chinchona, use cin-*. 
 
 chlaS (Fr.), coloured in 
 Chinese fashion. 
 
 Chinese/, abbr. Ch., or 
 Chin. ; — Classics, the 
 sacred books. 
 
 ching (China), 121 sq. ft. 
 
 ch*ing{Chm3i), 72,6oosq. ft. 
 
 chip/*, -ped*, -ping*. 
 
 chipmuck*, a N. American 
 squirrel, twt -munk. 
 
 chiromancy*, «o/cheiro-. 
 
 Chiron, the centaur, not 
 Cheir-. 
 
 chiropodist*, not -ped- ; 
 pron. kl-. 
 
 Chiroptera, use Cheir-*. 
 
 chirosophy*, palmistry, 
 not cheir-. 
 
 chirrup/*, -ed, -ing*. 
 
 chirurgias (Lat.), of 
 
 surgery ; abbr. Ch. 
 
 chit*, chitty* (Ang.-Ind.), 
 a letter. 
 
 Chittagong, Bengal. 
 
 chlorine*, symbol CI*. 
 
 chloroformize *, not -ise. 
 
 chlorophyll* (bot.), not 
 -il, -yl. 
 
 Ch.M., Chirurgix Magister 
 (Master of Surgery). 
 
 chn., chairman. 
 
 chock-full*, «o/ choke-. 
 
 Choctaw, N. American 
 Indians, not Chacatos, 
 Chactaws, Chakta. 
 
 choir*, part of a church, or 
 singers, not quire. 
 
 choke-full, use chock- *. 
 
 cholera morbus, cholera 
 disease. 
 
 Cholmeley, Cholmonde- 
 ley, Chomley, all pron. 
 chum'le. 
 
 Cholmondeley (Mar- 
 quess ot) ; — (Mary), 
 writer ; — - Pennell 
 (H.), 1 83 7-, writer. 
 
 chop, see chap. 
 
 Chopin (F. F.), 1810-49, 
 Polish composer. 
 
 «* Chops of the Chan- 
 nel***, west entrance to 
 English Channel. 
 
 chorus/*, />/. -es*; -ed*. 
 
 chose* (law), a thing. 
 
 Chose (Monsieur) (Fr.), 
 Mr. So-and-so. 
 
 chota-hazri (Ang.-Ind.), 
 early breakfast. 
 
 Chota Nagpore, Ben- 
 gal. 
 
 chouj (Fr. cook, m.), cab- 
 bage, puff (pastry), a 
 dress rosette ; — ~fleur, 
 cauliflower (hyphen"), pi, 
 choux-fleurs ; choux 
 de Bruxelles, brussels 
 sprouts; chou marin, 
 seakale. 
 
 Chr. Coll. Cam., Christ's 
 College, Cambridge. 
 
 Christ Church, abbr. Ch. 
 Ch. 
 
 Christ -cross -row*, the 
 alphabet, not criss . 
 
 60 
 
CHRISTE — CIWERARIA 
 
 Christe eleison, "Christ, 
 
 have mercy." 
 Christian/*, -ity* (cap.). 
 Christianize*, wo^-ise. 
 Christie, Man son, & 
 
 Woods, auctioneers, 
 
 London. 
 Christmas Day (caps.); 
 
 Old , 6 January. 
 
 Christ's College, Cam- 
 bridge ; abbr. Chr. Coll. 
 
 Cam. 
 chromatosphere* (astr.), 
 
 same as chromosphere*, 
 chromium*, symbol Cr*. 
 chromolithography * 
 
 (one word). 
 chron., chronology, -ical, 
 
 -ly. 
 
 Chronicles, abbr. i and 
 2 Chron. 
 
 chronologize*, to arrange 
 chronologically, not -ise. 
 
 chronopher*, apparatus 
 for electric time-signals. 
 
 chrysal (archery), a defect 
 in a bow. 
 
 chrysal/is*, //. -ides*. 
 
 Chrysaor, son of Nep- 
 tune. 
 
 Chryseis, dau. of Chryses. 
 
 Chrysos, patron of art. 
 
 Chrysostom (St. John), 
 
 A.D. 347-407- 
 
 chthonian*, subterranean; 
 pron. tho'ni-an. 
 
 chthononosology*, geo- 
 graphy of diseases. 
 
 chuddar* (Ang.-Ind.), 
 female over-garment, not 
 the many variations. 
 
 Chur, Ger. and off. Swiss 
 for Coire. 
 
 Church (typ.), initial cap. 
 when referring to a body 
 of people, as the Wesleyan 
 Church ; lower-case for 
 building ; abbr. C, or 
 Ch. 
 
 church/- scot*, church tri- 
 bute ; — -text* (typ.), 
 
 slenbtr anb tall form ai 
 
 blatk hikx. 
 
 6x 
 
 churchwarden* (one 
 
 word). 
 chute*, slide, etc. 
 chutney*, not -nee, -ny, 
 chymist, use che-*. 
 C.I., Channel Isles, (Order 
 
 of the) Crown of India. 
 Cibber (CoUey), 167 1- 
 
 1757, Poet Laureate, 
 ciead/a*, the tree cricket ; 
 
 pi. -8B. 
 
 cical/a* (It.), the grass- 
 hopper ; pi. -e*. 
 
 cicatri/x*, /)/. -ees*. 
 
 cicatrize*, not -ise. 
 
 Cicero, 106-43 b.c; abbr. 
 Cic. 
 
 ciceron/e*,aguide,/:)/. -i*; 
 pron. chich-er-o'nS. 
 
 Cicestr., signature Bishop 
 of Chichester (full point). 
 
 C.I.D., Criminal Investiga- 
 tion Department. 
 
 Cid Campeador, 1040-99, 
 Spanish warrior. 
 
 (^der*, not cy-. 
 
 ci-devant*, formerly (not 
 ital.). 
 
 C.I.E., Companion of (the 
 Order of) the Indian 
 Empire. 
 
 Cie (Fr.), compagnie (com- 
 pany) (no point). 
 
 cierge*, large candle, not 
 cer-, ser-. 
 
 c.i.f., cost, insurance, 
 and freight. 
 
 cigala, use cicada* or 
 cicala*. 
 
 ci-git (Fr.), here lies. 
 
 cili/um*, a hair-like ap- 
 pendage ; pi. -a *. 
 
 Cimabue (Gr.), 1240-1300, 
 It. painter; pron. cheem- 
 a-boo'a. 
 
 cim/eter, -itar, -iter, use 
 scimitar*. 
 
 cim/ex*, bed-bug; pi. 
 -ices*. 
 
 Cimmerian*, intense 
 
 darkness (cap.). 
 
 cinchona* (bo t), not chin-, 
 
 cinematograph, use k-. 
 
 cineraria/* (bot.), pi. -s*. 
 
CINEBABIUM — CliAM JAMPHKIE 
 
 cinerarium*, a place for 
 cremation residue. 
 
 Cingalese*, Ceylon native ; 
 pi. same, not Singhalese. 
 
 cingul/um*, a girdle or 
 zone ; pi. -a. 
 
 Cinquecento *, Renais- 
 sance period from 1501. 
 
 cipher*, not cy-. 
 
 cipoUino, veined white 
 and green Italian marble. 
 
 Cipriani (Giambat- 
 tista), R.A., 1737-85, 
 painter. 
 
 circ, a prehistoric stone 
 circle. 
 
 circ, drciter^circutn (about). 
 
 C/rca* (Lat.), about ; abbr.C. 
 
 Circean*,of Circe, Mo^-aean. 
 
 circiter {Lat.), about ; abbr. 
 C, or circ. 
 
 circle, sign O ; arc of 
 circle, r^. 
 
 Circuit Court, abbr. C.C. 
 
 circuit edges (binding), 
 covers turned over to 
 protect the leaves. 
 
 circulariz/e*, to issue cir- 
 culars, «o^-ise; -ing*. 
 
 circum(Lat.), about; abbr. 
 C. , or circ. 
 
 circumcise*, not -ize. 
 
 circumflex* (typ.), the 
 accent, a, e, t, 6, u. 
 
 circumflexion,*«o/.flect-. 
 
 circumstance: mere situa- 
 tion is expressed by '■'■ in 
 the circumstances", ac- 
 tion affected is performed 
 ''under the circumstan- 
 ces" (O.E.D.). 
 
 Cirencester ,/)n?«. ciz'i-ter. 
 
 cirque*, a circus (not ital.). 
 
 cirrhosis*, a liver disease. 
 
 cirrus*, a curl-like tuft, a 
 cloud, not -rhus. 
 
 Cisalpine*, on the Roman 
 side of the Alps (cap., 
 one word). 
 
 ciseauj (Fr. m.), chisel ; 
 pi. -X, scissors. 
 
 ciseijeur (Fr. m.), a metal- 
 chaser ; -ure {{.), art of 
 chasing. 
 
 Cis-leithan/* (adj.), -ia 
 (noun), Austria-Hungary. 
 
 cist (archaeol.), but cyst* 
 (biol. ). 
 
 cit., citation, cited, citizen. 
 
 citations, see authori- 
 ties, also quotations. 
 
 cities/ (typ.), names of, 
 not to be abbreviated if 
 avoidable; — of Refuge: 
 east of Jordan, Bezer, 
 Ramoth, Golan ; west of 
 Jordan, Hebron, She- 
 chem, Kedesh. 
 
 citizen, abbr. cit. 
 
 cito (Lat.), quickly. 
 
 citoyenj (Fr.), fern, -ne, 
 citizen. 
 
 citrinous*, lemon-col- 
 oured. 
 
 cittadinjo (It.), a citizen, 
 pi. -i ; fern, -a, pi. -e. 
 
 city, abbr. c; City Editor, 
 the supervisor of financial 
 matters {see also cities). 
 
 ciudad (Sp.), city, not cui-. 
 
 C.I.V., City Imperial 
 Volunteers. 
 
 civ., civil, -ian. 
 
 civics*, the science of 
 citizenship. 
 
 Civil/ Court, abbr. C.C. ; 
 — Engineer, abbr. C.E. 
 
 civiliz/e*, not -ise; -able*. 
 
 Civil/ Servants, — Ser- 
 vice (caps.), abbr. C.S. 
 
 C.J., Chief Justice. 
 
 ck., cask, -s. 
 
 C.L., Commander (of the 
 Order) of Leopold. 
 
 CI, chlorine. 
 
 cl., centilitre, class, clause, 
 clergyman, cloth. 
 
 Claelmiannan, Scotland 
 (three «'s). 
 
 Clairaut (A. C), 1713-65, 
 Fr. math., not -ault. 
 
 claire-cole, use clear- *. 
 
 clairvoyant/*, fern, -e* 
 (not ital.). 
 
 clam/*, -miness*, -my*. 
 
 clamjamphrie*(Sc.), rub- 
 bish, also a mob, not the 
 many variations. 
 
 6a 
 
CLATSTG — CLICHil 
 
 clang*, quality of musical 
 sound ; in Ger. Klang. 
 
 clangor*, not -our. 
 
 Clanricarde (Marquess, 
 not of). 
 
 clans/man*, pi. -men. 
 
 ClaparMe (J. L. R. A. 
 E.), 1832-70, naturalist. 
 
 claptrap* (one word). 
 
 claquer*, hired applauder ; 
 in Fr. m. claqueur*. 
 
 clar. (mus.), clarinet. 
 
 clarabella* (mus.), an or- 
 gan stop, not clari-. 
 
 Clarenceux*, the second 
 King-of-Arms, not -cieux. 
 
 clarendon type, thick- 
 faced, as this; indicated 
 in MS. by a waved line 
 underneath ; abbr. clar. 
 
 Claretie (Jules), 1840-, 
 writer. 
 
 clarinet/ *, -tist * not 
 -ionet ; abbr. clar. 
 
 " Clarissa Harlowe," by 
 Richardson. 
 
 Clark/ (Alvan), optician ; 
 
 — (Sir Andrew), 1826- 
 93, physician; — lecture, 
 Cambridge. 
 
 Clarke (Mrs. Cowden), 
 1809-98, Shak. scholar ; 
 
 — (Sir Edward), 1841-, 
 K.C.; — (Sir G. Syden- 
 ham), 1 848-, writer {see 
 also Gierke). 
 
 class, abbr. cl. 
 
 class., classic, -al, classifi- 
 cation, 
 
 classes (bot., zool.), (typ.) 
 to have caps. 
 
 class j is*, a presbytery; pi. 
 -es. 
 
 clat*, noisy talk, a tattler. 
 
 Claude Lorraine, 1600- 
 82, Fr. painter, not ain. 
 
 clause so-and-so (typ.), to 
 have cap. C ; of para- 
 graphs thus, (i), (2), (3) ; 
 abbr. ol. 
 
 Clavjis*, a key ; pi. -es. 
 
 cld., cleared (goods or 
 shipping), coloured. 
 
 clean (typ.), said of proofs 
 
 or revises with few errors, 
 
 or pulled after matter has 
 
 been corrected. 
 clear-cole*, a coating of 
 
 size, not claire-. 
 clear days, time to be 
 
 reckoned exclusive of the 
 
 first and last. 
 cleared(goods orshipping), 
 
 abbr. cld. 
 clearstory, use clere- *. 
 Cleator Moor, town in 
 
 Cumberland. 
 clef (mus.), ^' bass, 
 
 tenor, 
 
 treble 
 
 cleistogamous *, not k-. 
 Clemenceau (E.), 184 1-, 
 
 Fr. politician, not Cle-. 
 Clemens (S. L.), 1835-, 
 
 pen-name " Mark Twain." 
 clench* (to) the fist or 
 
 fingers, grasp firmly, fix, 
 
 settle {see also clinch), 
 clenge* (Sc), to clean ; 
 
 (Sc. law) to acquit, 
 clepsydra/*, a time meas- 
 urer, notk-; pi. -s*. 
 cleptomania, use k-*. 
 clerestory*, a special 
 
 upper row of windows, 
 
 not clear-. 
 clergy/man, -men, abbr. 
 
 cl., or clerg. 
 clericalize*, not -ise. 
 clerk, abbr. elk. 
 Clerke (Agnes M.), 1842-, 
 
 astr. 
 Clerk-Maxwell( James) , 
 
 1831-79, physicist, should 
 
 be J. C. Maxwell. 
 Clerk/ of Parliaments 
 
 (caps.): — of the Peace, 
 
 abbr. C.P. ; — of the 
 
 Privy Council, abbr. 
 
 C.P.C. 
 clevis*, a link or swivel, 
 
 not clives, clivies. 
 clew*, of a sail, but to 
 
 follow a clue*. 
 clich/6* (typ.), a stereo or 
 
 electro block (not ital.) ; 
 
 -eur, stereo-maker. 
 
 63 
 
CLICKER — C/O 
 
 clicker* (typ.), a foreman 
 compositor, or maker-up. 
 
 Clicquot (Veuve), a brand 
 of champagne. 
 
 clientele*, clients collect- 
 ively (no accent, not ital.). 
 
 clinch* (to), a nail, to make 
 fast a rope in a special 
 way, to make firm and 
 sure — as an argument {see 
 also clench). 
 
 clinic*, not clinique. 
 
 •* Clinker (Humphry ", 
 not -ey), by Smollett. 
 
 clinometer *, not k-. 
 
 cliqu/e*, -ism*, -y*, not 
 -eism, -ey (not ital.). 
 
 clish-ma-claver* (Sc), 
 gossip. 
 
 Clitheroe, Lanes. 
 
 clitor/is* (anat.), pi. -ides. 
 
 elk., clerk. 
 
 Cloaca Maxima, sewer of 
 ancient Rome (caps.). 
 
 cloak*, not cloke. 
 
 cloche* (hort.), bell-glass. 
 
 clocher*, a belfry (not ital.). 
 
 Cloch Point, Clyde, not -k. 
 
 clod/*, -ded*, -ding. 
 
 Clodd (Edward), 1840-, 
 writer. 
 
 clofi"*, an allowance on 
 commodities, not clough. 
 
 cloisonne*, enamel (not 
 ital.). 
 
 cloke, use cloak*. 
 
 close (typ.), the second 
 member of any pair, as 
 " ] ) ; pron. cloz. 
 
 dose up (typ.), to push 
 together, to remove spac- 
 ing-out leads ; close 
 matter, unleaded, or 
 thinly spaced. 
 
 closure*, in Fr.f. cidture*. 
 
 Clos Vougeot, a Burgundy 
 wine. 
 
 clot-bur* (bot.), burdock, 
 «o^clote-, cloth-. 
 
 cloth/, abbr. cl. ; — of 
 Bruges, gold brocade. 
 
 clotted cream, not clouted 
 cream. 
 
 cidture* (Fr. f.), closure. 
 
 clouds, kinds of: (i) cirrus, 
 (2) cirro-cumulus, (3) cir- 
 ro-stratus, (4) alto-cumu- 
 lus, (5) alto-stratus, (6) 
 strato-cumulus, (7) cumu- 
 lus, (8) cumulo-nimbus, 
 (9) nimbus, (10) stratus. 
 
 cloudy (naut.), abbr. c. 
 
 clough, use cloff *. 
 
 clouted cream, use clot- 
 ted —. 
 
 clove-hitch*, a knot (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 C.L.P.A., Common Law 
 Procedure Act. 
 
 C.Ij.II., Central London 
 Railway. 
 
 clubbable*, not clubable. 
 
 clue* (to follow a), but 
 clew* of a sail. 
 
 Clun/iac*, -ist*, ofCluny. 
 
 Cluny, France, not -i. 
 
 Clwyd, river, N. Wales. 
 
 Clydebank, Dumbarton, 
 a town. 
 
 clypeiform*, shield-like. 
 
 Clytemnestra, wife of 
 Agamemnon, not Clytae-. 
 
 CM., Certificated Master 
 or Mistress, Chirurgise 
 Magister (Master of Surg- 
 ery), Church Missionary, 
 (mus.) common metre, 
 Corresponding Member ; 
 cm., causa mortis (by 
 reason of death) ; cm., 
 centimetre ; C.M.D. 
 
 (mus.), common metre 
 double ; cmdg., com- 
 manding ; C.M.G., Com- 
 panion of (the Order of) 
 St. Michael and St. 
 George ; cml., commer- 
 cial ; C.M.S., Church 
 Missionary Society; 
 
 C.M.Z.S., Corresponding 
 Member of the Zoological 
 Society. 
 
 Cnut, not Canute, Knut. 
 
 CO., Colonial Office, Com- 
 manding Officer, Criminal 
 Office, Crown Office; Co, 
 cobalt ; Co., Colon, Com- 
 pany, county; c/o, care of. 
 
COAD. — COaNITUM 
 
 coad., coadjutor, 
 ooagul/um *, a clot ; pi. -a *. 
 coak*, a dowel, also "bush" 
 
 of a sheave. 
 Coalbrookdale, Salop, 
 coal-field* (hyphen). 
 coalmouse* (ornith.), the 
 
 coal titmouse, not cole-, 
 coal-pit* (hyphen). 
 coarticulate*, to articulate 
 
 together (no hyphen). 
 coast-guard* (hyphen) ; 
 
 abbr. C.G. 
 cob*, Spanish dollar, 
 cobalt*, symbol Co*. 
 Cobb (Thomas), 1854-, 
 
 writer; — (■W.F.),i857-, 
 
 writer. 
 Cobbe (Frances Power), 
 
 1822-1904, writer. 
 cobb paper, that used for 
 
 the sides of books. 
 coble*, boat, not cobble. 
 Coblenz, not -tz, K-. 
 cobra de capello*, the 
 
 snake, not da, di. 
 Coburg, Iowa ; Saxe , 
 
 not -ourg, -urgh. 
 cocaine*, not -ain. 
 cocco* (bot.), Jamaica plant 
 
 tuber, not cocoa, coco. 
 Cocculus indicus* (bot.). 
 Cochin-China (hyphen), 
 cochle/a*, the ear passage ; 
 
 pi. -SB. 
 
 cochon de lait (Fr. m.), 
 
 sucking pig, 
 Cockaigne*, London, not 
 
 Cocagne, Cockayne, 
 cockatiel*, Australian 
 
 cockatoo, not -teel. 
 cockatoo/*, pi. -s. 
 cockee* (curling), the 
 
 "tee." 
 Cocker (Edwrard), 1631- 
 
 75, wrote "Arithmetic." 
 cockie-leekie, use cocky- 
 leeky*. 
 Cockney (cap.). 
 cockscomb*, a plant; 
 
 cox- *, a fop. 
 cocksw^ain, use cox-*, 
 cock-up* (typ.), a superior 
 
 letter or number, as r in M'. 
 
 cocky-leeky* (Sc), hotch- 
 potch, a soup, not cockie- 
 leekie, cock-a-leeky. 
 
 Codes (Horatius), pron. 
 kOk'les. 
 
 cocoa-bay*, a W. Indian 
 disease. 
 
 coco-nut*, not cocoa-, 
 coker-, koker-. 
 
 Cocos Isles, B. of Bengal. 
 
 COCOtte (Fr. f), a prosti- 
 tute. 
 
 cocqcigrues, see coque-. 
 
 Cocytus, a river in Hades. 
 
 C.O.D., cash, or collect, , 
 on delivery. 
 
 cod., codex. 
 
 coddle*, not codle. 
 
 Code H"apol6on (Fr. m.), 
 civil code promulgated 
 1804-10. 
 
 cod/ex*, ancient MS., abbr. 
 cod. ; pL -ices*, abbr. 
 codd. 
 
 cod-fish* (hyphen). 
 
 codling*, a fish, also apple, 
 not -in. 
 
 codon, the bell-shaped 
 mouth of trumpets, etc. 
 
 co-education*, education 
 of the two sexes to- 
 gether. 
 
 coeflB-cient* (one word). 
 
 ** Coelebs in Search of a 
 "Wife," by Hannah More. 
 
 Coelenterata*, a zool. sub- 
 kingdom (not ital.). 
 
 cceliac*, abdominal, notce-. 
 
 coenogamy, community of 
 wives, not ce-. 
 
 coerulean, use ce-*. 
 
 coetaneous*, of the same 
 age, not coae-. 
 
 coeternal (one word). 
 
 coeval* (one word). 
 
 coexist* (one word). 
 
 coextensive * (one word). 
 
 coffer-dam*, a watertight 
 enclosure. 
 
 cognate, abbr. cog. 
 
 COgnati (law), relations by 
 mother's side. 
 
 COgaitjunif any object of 
 cognition ; pi. -a. 
 65 6 
 
COGinZE — COIiONIAI. 
 
 cogniz/e *, not -ise ; -able *, 
 -ance*, -ant*. 
 
 COgnoscentje* (It.), a con- 
 noisseur ; pron. ko-nyo- 
 shen'ta, pi. -i. 
 
 cognovit actionem * (law) , 
 an acknowledgment. 
 
 coheir/*, -ess* (one word). 
 
 Cohnheim (J. F.), 1839- 
 84, German pathologist. 
 
 cohow*, Bermudian shear- 
 water, not cahow, cohoo. 
 
 COiffjeur* (Fr. m.), hair- 
 dresser; -lire* (f.), head- 
 dress. 
 
 coignye, use coynye*. 
 
 Coire,Grisons, S witz. ; Ger. 
 and offic. Swiss, Chur. 
 
 coits, use quoits *. 
 
 Col., Colonel, Columbia Dis- 
 trict (U.S.A.), Colossians. 
 
 col., colonial, column. 
 
 colander*, a strainer, not 
 colla-, culle-. 
 
 colcannon*, an Irish dish, 
 not cale-, cole-. 
 
 colchyte* (Egypt, antiq.), 
 a ritual reader, not chol-. 
 
 Col.-Corp., Colour-Cor- 
 poral. 
 
 Coldstream/, Berwick, a 
 town; — Guards,«o^ The 
 Coldstreams, abbr. C.G. 
 
 cole-pixy, 7is^ colt-pixie*. 
 
 Colerain, N. Carolina. 
 
 Coleraine, Londonderry. 
 
 Coleridge (Sara, not -ah), 
 1802-52, writer. 
 
 cole-sla"w* (U.S.A.), a 
 salad. 
 
 colic/*, -ky*. 
 
 coliform*, sieve-like. 
 
 Colin/Clout,pastoral name 
 in " Faerie Queene " ; — 
 Tampon, nickname of a 
 Swiss (see also Colyn). 
 
 Coliseum, London {see also 
 Coloss- *). 
 
 coll., colleague, collection, 
 collector, college. 
 
 collaborateur* (Fr. m.) 
 (ital.). 
 
 collaborator* (not ital.). 
 
 collaj parte or — voce 
 
 (mus.), adapt to principal 
 part or voice ; abbr. col, 
 p., or col, VO. 
 
 collapsible*, mo/ -able. 
 
 collat., collateral, -ly. 
 
 coUat/e* (typ.), to put the 
 sheets of a book in right 
 sequence, to compare 
 critically ; -or*, not -er. 
 
 colleague, abbr. coll. 
 
 collect., collectively. 
 
 collectable*, not -ible. 
 
 collectanea*, collected 
 notes. 
 
 collect/ion, -or, abbr. coll. 
 
 Collections, an Oxford 
 examination. 
 
 colleen* ( Ang. - 1 rish),a girl. 
 
 college, abbr. coll. 
 
 College de France (m.). 
 
 College of Justice*, So, 
 supreme courts. 
 
 COllegi\umy an ecclesias- 
 tical body uncontrolled by 
 the State ; pi. -a. 
 
 collie *, a dog, not -y. 
 
 CoUinge axle, not Collins. 
 
 coUodionize*, not -ise. 
 
 coUop*, a piece of meat. 
 
 coUoq., colloquial, -ly, -ism. 
 
 colloquijum*, talk ; pi. -a. 
 
 collotype *, a gelatine-pro- 
 cess plate. 
 
 Colo., off. abbr. Colorado. 
 
 colombelle (Fr. typ. f), a 
 column-rule. 
 
 Colombia (Republic of), 
 S. Amer. {see also Cohx-). 
 
 colombier paper, use 
 colum-*. 
 
 Colombo, cap. of Ceylon, 
 not Colu-. 
 
 Colon, Cent. Amer. ; abbr. 
 Co. {see also Columbus). 
 
 colon, in Fr. m. deux 
 points, in Ger. m. Dop- 
 pelpunkt, or{n.) Kolon 
 {see punctuation, VI). 
 
 Colonel/, abbr. Col. ; — 
 Bogie (golf), the imagin- 
 ary player. 
 
 colonial, abbr. col. 
 
 Colonial Office, abbr. 
 CO. 
 
 66 
 
COLONIZE — COMMATTDER 
 
 coloniz/e*, «o/-ise ; -able*, 
 
 -ation*. 
 colophon* (typ.), the im- 
 print of a book. 
 Colorado, off. abbr. Colo, 
 coloration*, not colour-. 
 Colosseum.*, Rome {see 
 
 also Colis-). 
 Colossians, abbr. Col. 
 Colossus* of Rhodes. 
 Colour- Corporal, abbr. 
 
 Col.-Corp. 
 coloured, abbr. eld. 
 colourist*, not colorist. 
 Colours (trooping of 
 
 the), rarely colour. 
 Colour - Seijeant, not 
 
 -geant ; abbr. Col.-Seij. 
 COL p. (mus.), colla parte 
 
 (adapt to principal part). 
 ColquJiouii,/>ro«.ko-hoon'. 
 Colston's Day, Bristol, 
 
 13 Nov. 
 colter, use GOM~*. 
 colt-pixie *, a mischievous 
 
 fairy, not cole-pixy, 
 columbari/um*, a dove- 
 cot, place for cremation 
 
 urns ; pi. -a*. 
 Columbia District, 
 
 U.S.A., abbr. Col. {seealso 
 
 Colo-), 
 columbier *, a drawing 
 
 paper, 34^/2 X 23^/2 in., not 
 
 Colombia, -ier. 
 columbium*, symbol Cb*, 
 
 now called niobium *. 
 Columbus (Christo- 
 pher), 1436-1506; in Sp. 
 
 Cristoval Colon, 
 column, abbr. coL 
 columnla* (anat.),/>/. -«*. 
 colure (astr.), each of two 
 
 great circles. 
 Colvile (Sir H. E.), 
 
 1852-, Maj.-Gen. 
 Colville (Lieut. -Col. A. 
 
 E. W.), Rifle Brigade; — 
 
 (Sir W. J.), 1827- ; — 
 
 of Culross (Viscount). 
 col. vo. (mus.), colla voce 
 
 (adapt to principal voice). 
 *«Colyn Cloute,** by John 
 
 Skelton {see also Colin). 
 
 67 
 
 Com.., Commander. 
 
 com., comedy, comic, com- 
 mission, -er, committee, 
 common, -er, -ly, com- 
 mune, -ity, communicate, 
 -ed, -tion. 
 
 com/a* (astr., bot.), pi. 
 
 -89. 
 
 comb., combine, -ed, -ing. 
 
 combat/*, -ed*, -ing*, 
 -ive *. 
 
 Combermere (Vis- 
 
 count). 
 
 combin/e, -ed, -ing, abbr. 
 comb. 
 
 Comdt., Commandant. 
 
 come-at-able*, accessible. 
 
 Comidie franfaise, 
 
 official name of Lc 
 ThSM tre fran^ais (I.e./). 
 
 comSdlenj* (Fr.), actor; 
 /em, -ne*, 
 
 comedy, abbr. com. 
 
 comendador (Sp.), a 
 knight commander. 
 
 cornel pfioi^ (It. mus.), as 
 at first ; — sopra, as 
 above, abbr. CO, sa, 
 
 comfiture *, not con-. 
 
 comfrey* (bot.), not cu-. 
 
 comic, abbr. com. 
 
 Com.-in-Chf., Comman- 
 der-in-Chief. 
 
 comitatus*, a retinue, a 
 county or shire ; pi. same. 
 
 Comitial*, a meeting of the 
 Senate of Dublin Univer- 
 sity ; — /Estlvaliaf ditto 
 in summer ; — Hlemalia, 
 ditto in winter ; — Ver- 
 nalia, ditto in spring. 
 
 comm., commentary, com- 
 merce, commonwealth. 
 
 comma/*, pi. -s* (5^^ 
 punctuation, VII). 
 
 Commandant* (accent on 
 first syll.) ; abbr. Comdt. 
 
 commandeer*, to seize 
 for military service. 
 
 Commander/, abbr. Com. ; 
 
 in-Chief (hyphens), 
 
 abbr. Com.-in-Chf. ; — 
 of the Faithful, the Sul- 
 tan of Ottoman Empire. 
 6* 
 
COMMANDING — COMPARISON 
 
 commanding, abbr. 
 
 cmdg. ; Commanding 
 Officer, abbr. CO. 
 
 commanditaire* (Fr. m.), 
 a sleeping partner. 
 
 commandite* (Fr. f.), 
 limited liability. 
 
 commando/* (S. Afr.), a 
 party for military pur- 
 poses ; pi. -s. 
 
 comme ci, comme fa 
 (Fr.), indifferently, so-so. 
 
 comme it faut (Fr.), as it 
 should be. 
 
 commendam*, ecclesias- 
 tical benefice. 
 
 comment ary.abbr. comm . 
 
 commenter*, not -or. 
 
 commerce, abbr. comm. 
 
 commercial/, abbr. cml. ; 
 
 — A (typ.), @ = at; — 
 agent, abbr. C.A. ; — en- 
 velopes, 5V2 X 3^4 in.; — 
 letter, folded writing- 
 paper, iixS'/q in-; — 
 note, ditto, 8x5 in. ; — 
 Stroke (typ.), as in 5/-. 
 
 COmmisj (Fr. m.), a clerk ; 
 
 — voyageur, commercial 
 traveller. 
 
 Commissary - General 
 
 (hyphen) ; abbr. CO-. 
 commission/, -er, abbr. 
 
 com. 
 commissio/naire* (not 
 
 ital.) ; in Fr. m. -nnaire. 
 commit/*, -table* {not 
 
 -ible),-ted*, -ting*, 
 committee* meets, not 
 
 meet ; abbr. com. 
 committ/er*, one who 
 
 commits ; -or* (law), a 
 
 judge, 
 common/, -er, -ly, abbr. 
 
 com. 
 Common Bench, abbr. 
 
 C.B. 
 common metre/ (mus.), 
 
 abbr. C, or C.M. ; 
 
 double,. C.M.D. 
 commonplace * (adj.) 
 
 (one word). 
 jCommon/ Pleas, abbr. 
 
 C.P.; — Prayer, C.P. 
 
 common - sense* (adj.) 
 (hyphen). 
 
 common sense*, adj. 
 with noun (no hyphen). 
 
 Common Serjeant*, not 
 -geant ; abbr. C.S., or 
 Com.-Seij. 
 
 Common Version, abbr. 
 C.V., or Com. Ver. 
 
 common-wealth (not 
 cap.); abbr. comm. 
 
 commorient* (law), dying 
 together, as by shipwreck. 
 
 communaliz/e*, -ation*. 
 
 commune, abbr. com. 
 
 commune bonum (Lat.), 
 a benefit to all. 
 
 communfbus annis 
 
 (Lat.), in average years. 
 
 communicat/e, -ion, -ed, 
 abbr. com. 
 
 communi consensu 
 
 (Lat.), by common con- 
 sent. 
 
 communiquS (Fr. m.), an 
 official report. 
 
 community, abbr. com. 
 
 communize*, to make 
 common. 
 
 comp., comparative, com- 
 parison, compile, -ed, -er, 
 -ation, composer, -ition, 
 -itor, compound, -ed. 
 
 compactor*, one who 
 compacts, not -er. 
 
 COmpagnie (Fr. f.), com- 
 pany ; abbr. Cie (no 
 point). 
 
 compagnon (Fr. typ. m.), 
 a journeyman. 
 
 Companion of the 
 Bath*, abbr. C.B. 
 
 company, abbr. Co. {see 
 also compagnle). 
 
 comparative,abbr.comp. 
 
 comparator*, an appara- 
 tus for comparing. 
 
 compare one thing with 
 another (to note agree- 
 ment or difference) ; — one 
 thing to another (which 
 it is believed to resemble) ; 
 abbr. cf. {confer), or cp. 
 comparison, abbr. comp. 
 68 
 
COMPASS — CONCOUBS 
 
 compass* (ty p. ), the points, 
 when printed in full, to 
 be hyphened without 
 caps., as north-by-east, 
 north-north-east, north- 
 east-by-north. Abbrevia- 
 tions to be caps, with 
 
 , full point after each letter, 
 except b, as N., N. b E., 
 N.N.E., N.E. b N., N.E. 
 
 coinpetit/or*,y^w. -ress*. 
 
 CompiSgne, dep. Oise. 
 
 compil/e, -ed, -er, -ation, 
 abbr. comp. 
 
 complacent*, self-satis- 
 fied. 
 
 com.plainant, abbr. 
 
 com.plt. 
 
 complaisant*, obliging. 
 
 *• Compleat Angler," by 
 Izaak Walton, 1653. 
 
 complement*, to make 
 complete, a completion. 
 
 completotijum*, complin; 
 pi. -a. 
 
 completory*, complin. 
 
 complexion*, not -ction, 
 
 compliment*, flattery. 
 
 complin*(R.C.C.), not-ne. 
 
 complt., complainant. 
 
 " Complutensian Poly- 
 glot ** *, the earliest 
 complete polyglot Bible. 
 
 compo*, composition (no 
 point). 
 
 compos/er, -ition, -itor, 
 abbr. comp. 
 
 compositeur (Fr. m.), 
 composer, compositor. 
 
 compos mentis* (Lat.) 
 in one's right mind. 
 
 compote* (Fr. f.), fruit 
 stew. 
 
 compound/, -ed, abbr. 
 comp. 
 
 compound ranks or tit- 
 les, each word to have 
 cap., as Assistant- Adju- 
 tant-General, Vice-Presi- 
 dent. 
 
 comprecation*, joint 
 supplications. 
 
 compris/e*,Mo/-ize; -ed*, 
 -ing*. 
 
 compromise*, not -ize. 
 
 COmptej (Fr. m.), an ac- 
 count ; — rendu, official 
 report, pi. comptes ren- 
 dus. 
 
 ** Comptes Rendus," of 
 Fr. Academy (caps.). 
 
 COmptoir* (Fr. m.), com- 
 mercial agency, also shop 
 counter. 
 
 comptroller*, "erroneous 
 spelling of controller *." 
 
 Comptroller General * 
 of Patent Office (caps., 
 two words). 
 
 Com.-Seij., Common Ser- 
 jeant, not -geant. 
 
 Comt/e (Auguste), 1798- 
 1857, philosopher ; -ian *, 
 -ism*, -ist*. 
 
 comte* (Fr.), Count ; fern. 
 comtesse (not cap.). 
 
 Com. Ver., Common 
 Version (of the Bible). 
 
 Con., Consul. 
 
 con/*, to direct a ship's 
 course, to examine, not 
 -nn, -un ; -ning *. 
 
 con., conclusion, conver- 
 sation. 
 
 COn.,conjux{consovt),coHtra 
 (against, in opposition 
 to). 
 
 con amore* (It.), with 
 affection. 
 
 concensus, use conse- *. 
 
 Concepcion, name of many 
 S. Amer. places. 
 
 Concertj, -meister, -stuck 
 (Ger. mus.), now Kon- 
 zertj (cap.). 
 
 concerto, abbr. cto. 
 
 concessionnaire* (Fr.m.). 
 
 conch/ *, a shell ; pi. -s. 
 
 conch., conchology. 
 
 concierg/e* (Fr. m. or f.), 
 -erie* (f., no accent). 
 
 conclusion, abbr. con. 
 
 concombre (Fr. m.), cu- 
 cumber. 
 
 concordat*, an agreement 
 (not ital.). 
 
 concours (Fr. m.), a com- 
 petition. 
 
CONCRETEB, — CONSERVATOIRE 
 
 concreter*, sugar evapora- 
 tor, not -or. 
 
 concur/*, -red, -ring*. 
 
 conde* (Sp.), a count, not 
 -dee. 
 
 Cond6 ("The Great"), 
 1621-86. 
 
 condottlerje* (It.), a cap- 
 tain of mercenaries ; pi. 
 
 conductor, not -er ; abbr. 
 c. 
 
 cones*, fine white flour. 
 
 coa espressione (mus), 
 with expression, not ex- ; 
 abbr. con esp, 
 
 coney, use cony*. 
 
 conf., conference. 
 
 Confederate Army, abbr. 
 C.A. 
 
 confer (Lat.), compare; 
 abbr. cf. 
 
 conference, abbr. conf. 
 
 confSrence (Fr. f.), lec- 
 ture. 
 
 conferrable*, not -erable. 
 
 Conferv/a* (bot.), pi. -ae*. 
 
 ** Confessio Amantis," 
 by Gower, 1393. 
 
 confett/i(It.), bits of colour- 
 ed paper, etc.; -o, a sweet- 
 meat (not ital.). 
 
 confidant/*, a trusted 
 friend, /em. -e ; in Fr. 
 confident!, fern. -e. 
 
 confiture, use com-*. 
 
 confiture (Fr. f.), jam. 
 
 conformator*, apparatus 
 for taking conformation. 
 
 confrere (Fr. m.) (accent, 
 not ital.). 
 
 Confucius, 551-478 B.C. 
 
 COng., congregation, -al, 
 -alist,-ist, congress, -ional. 
 
 conge] (Fr. m.), leave; — 
 d*accorder^ leave to 
 agree; — d* alter, ditto 
 depart ; — d*appel, ditto 
 appeal; — d*Sllre*, ditto 
 elect, not — de lire. 
 
 congou*, a black tea, not 
 -o, kongo. 
 
 con gr egation /, - al, - alls t, 
 -ist, abbr. cong. 
 
 Congregationalism, re- 
 presentative in U.S.A. 
 "The American Board 
 of Commissioners for 
 Foreign Missions." 
 
 congregationalize*, not 
 -ise. 
 
 Congress*, U.S. A, the 
 legislative body (cap.) ; 
 spell out number, as fifty- 
 fourth, not 54th. 
 
 congress/, -ional, abbr. 
 C, or cong. 
 
 congru/ism*, -ist*(theol.). 
 
 Coniston, Yorks, Lanes. 
 
 Conistone, Shipton, Yorks. 
 
 conjugation, abbr. conj. 
 
 conjunct/ion, -ive, abbr. 
 conj. 
 
 coDJunction(astr.), sign<5. 
 
 conjunctiv/a* of the eye ; 
 pi. -SB (not ital). 
 
 conjurer*, a juggler. 
 
 conjuror, one bound by 
 oath. 
 
 Conn., Connecticut. 
 
 Conna, Cork. 
 
 Connah's Quay, Flint. 
 
 connaturalize*, not -ise 
 (no hyphen). 
 
 connecter*, not -or. 
 
 Connecticut, off. abbr. 
 Conn. ; pron. ko-net'i-kut. 
 
 connexion*, not -ection. 
 
 connivence*, not -ance. 
 
 connoisseur* (not ital.). 
 
 conoscente, use cognO'*. 
 
 conquistador! * (Sp.), a 
 conqueror ; pi. -es. 
 
 Conrad, not K-. 
 
 cons., consonant, constable, 
 constitution, -al. 
 
 Conscience (Hendrik), 
 1812-83, Fl. writer. 
 
 conscience* sake, etc. 
 
 consenescence*, general 
 decay. 
 
 consensus*, not -census. 
 
 Conservat/ive, abbr. C. 
 
 conservatize*, not -ise. 
 
 conservatloire* (Fr. m.); 
 'Orio (It., Port., Sp.) ; 
 Konservatorlum (Ger. 
 n., cap.). 
 
COWSOL. — CONTRAIiTO 
 
 consol., consolidated. 
 Consolidated Funds*, 
 
 abbr. Consols. 
 consommSJ* (Fr. m.), 
 
 broth ;— de tete de veau, 
 
 mock-turtle soup. 
 consonant, abbr. cons, 
 consonantize*, to make 
 
 consonantal. 
 conspectus* (Lat.), a gen- 
 eral view (not ital.). 
 constable, abbr. c, or 
 
 cons. 
 Constans, mythical King 
 
 of Britain. 
 Constant (Benjamin), 
 
 184 1- 1902, Fr. painter. 
 Constantino/ple, in Turk. 
 
 Stambul; -politan*. 
 Constitution of a country 
 
 (cap. C). 
 constitution/, -al, abbr. 
 
 cons, 
 constitutionalize*, noi 
 
 -ise. 
 construction, abbr. 
 
 constr. 
 constru/e, -ed, abbr. 
 
 constr. 
 "Consuelo,** by George 
 
 Sand, 1842. 
 Consul, abbr. C, or Con. ; 
 
 Lat. pi. consules, abbr. 
 
 coss. 
 Consular Clerk, abbr. 
 
 C.C. 
 Consul- General, abbr. 
 
 C.G. 
 consumah (Ang.-Ind.), 
 
 indoor servant, use khan- 
 
 sama*. 
 consummatum e5^(Lat.), 
 
 it is finished. 
 cont., containing, contents, 
 
 continent, continue, -ed. 
 contadinjo*, It. peasant, 
 
 pi. -/*; /em. -a*, pi. 
 
 -e*. 
 contagljum* (Lat.), con- 
 tagion ; pi. -a*. 
 containing, abbr. cont. 
 contakilon* (Gr. Ch.), a 
 
 service book ; pi. -a. 
 contango* (Stock Ex- 
 
 change), charge for carry- 
 ing over. 
 
 cont, bon. mor., contra 
 bonos mores (contrary to 
 good manners). 
 
 contemporize*, «o/-ise. 
 
 contents, abbr. cont.; — 
 (tables of) (typ.), set in 
 lower-case of text type 
 but one size smaller, not 
 to be in s.caps. Not 
 to have comma after last 
 word. To be run out with 
 leaders. 
 
 conterminous*, not cot-. 
 
 "Contes Drolatiques,** 
 1832-7, by Balzac. 
 
 Continent/ (the) (cap.) ; 
 — of Europe, etc. (not 
 cap.) ; abbr. cont. 
 
 continu/e, -ed, abbr. cont. 
 
 COntinuJum*, a continuous 
 quantity ; pi. -a*. 
 
 cont-line* (naut.), spiral 
 space between rope 
 strands. 
 
 contr., contract, -ed, -ion, 
 -s, contrary. 
 
 contra * (Lat.), against ; 
 abbr. con. 
 
 contrabandlsta* (Sp.), a 
 smuggler. 
 
 contra bonos mores 
 (Lat.), contrary to good 
 manners ; abbr. COnt. 
 bon. mor. 
 
 contract/, -ed, -ion, -s, 
 abbr. contr. 
 
 contracting-out (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 contractions, see abbre- 
 viations. 
 
 contractor*, not -er. 
 
 contracts for Govern- 
 ment (typ.), copy to be 
 strictly followed. 
 
 contrafagotto*, bass bas- 
 soon (one word). 
 
 contrainte par corps 
 (Fr. law), arrest for debt. 
 
 contra jus gentium (Lat.), 
 against the law of nations. 
 
 contralt/o* (mus.), pi. 
 -OS*, It.//. -1*; abbr.C. 
 
 71 
 
CONTRA — COQUET 
 
 contra] mundum (Lat.), 
 
 against the world ; — 
 
 pacem (law), against the 
 
 peace. 
 contrarta contrarlis cu- 
 
 rantur (Lat.), opposites 
 
 are cured by opposites. 
 contrariw^ise *. 
 contrary, abbr. contr. 
 contrail alSatoIre(Fr.\siw), 
 
 conditional contract; — de 
 
 vente, contract of sale ; 
 
 — synallagmatique, 
 
 reciprocal contract. 
 "Contrat Social (Le),'' 
 
 by J. -J. Rousseau, 1762. 
 contravIoUnjo* (It. mus.), 
 
 the double-bass ; />/. -/. 
 contre-dance, use coun- 
 try-dance*, 
 contretemps* (not ital.). 
 contributor*, not -er. 
 control/*, -led*, -ling*. 
 COntrdle (Fr.), hall-marked, 
 
 registered. 
 controller*, not comp-. 
 Controller-General*, but 
 
 Comptroller General* 
 
 of Patent Office. 
 Controller of Accounts, 
 
 abbr. C.A. 
 convent/, -ion, abbr. conv. 
 conventionalize *, woMse. 
 conversation (typ.), every 
 
 new speech to begin new 
 
 par. ; abbr. con. 
 conversazione/*, pi. -s* 
 
 (not ital.). 
 converter*, not -or. 
 conveyer*, not -or. 
 convictor*, a messmate, 
 convolvulus/*, pi. -es*. 
 cony/*, a rabbit, not coney, 
 
 pi. conies* ; garth*, 
 
 a rabbit-warren. 
 CoochBehar,M5^Kuch.— . 
 cooee*, a bush call, not 
 
 -ey, -hee, -ie. 
 cookie* (Sc. and U.S.A.), 
 
 a small cake, not -ey, -y. 
 coolie* (Ind., Ch.), native 
 
 hired labourer, not -y. 
 Coomassie, W. Afr., use 
 
 Kumassi. 
 
 Cooninxloo (G. van) , 
 1544-1600, Fl. painter. 
 
 Cooper (Fenimore, one 
 m), 1 787-1851, writer. 
 
 co-operate* (hyphen). 
 
 Coopers Hill Engineer- 
 ing College (no apos- 
 trophe or hyphen). 
 
 co-ordinate* (hyphen). 
 
 Cop., Copernican. 
 
 cop., copper. 
 
 coparcenary* (law), joint 
 heirship, not -ery. 
 
 copeck* (Russ.), about a 
 farthing, not -ec, kopeck. 
 
 Copenhagen, in Dan. Kj0- 
 benhavn. 
 
 Copernican, abbr. Cop. 
 
 " Cophetua and Penelo- 
 phon" (the beggar 
 maid). 
 
 copia verborum* (Lat.), 
 a full vocabulary. 
 
 Copp6e(Fran9ois), 1842-, 
 Fr. poet. 
 
 copper, abbr. cop. ; symbol 
 Cu* {cuprum). 
 
 copperas*, protosulphate 
 of iron. 
 
 copperize*, to impregnate 
 with copper, not -ise. 
 
 eoproli/th*, -te*, not k-. 
 
 Copt., Coptic. 
 
 copul/a* (gram.), pi. -SB. 
 
 copy* (typ.), matter to be 
 reproduced in type (see 
 manuscript). 
 
 copy-book* (hyphen). 
 
 copy paper, a writing- 
 paper, 20 X 16 in. 
 
 coq\ (Fr. m.), cock; — de 
 bruyere, black game. 
 
 COque (Fr. f.), egg-shell. 
 
 coquecigrues (to the 
 coming of the), the 
 golden period when all 
 mysteries will be cleared 
 up ; that is, never ; not 
 cocqci-. 
 
 Coquelin (B. C), 1841- ; 
 
 — (E. A. H.), 1848- ; 
 
 — (Jean), 1865-, actors. 
 coquet I*, /em. -te*, a flirt ; 
 
 -ry*, -ting*, -tish*. 
 
 7? 
 
COQUILIiE — CORRECTION- 
 
 coquille (Fr. typ. f.), a 
 wrong letter in a proof, 
 (paper) post. 
 
 Cor., Corinthians, Cornelia, 
 Cornelius, Coroner. 
 
 cor., corpus, correction, 
 -ive, correlative, (mus.) 
 cornet, horn. 
 
 corah* (Ind.), a silk. 
 
 COratnj* (Lat.), in presence 
 of; — judice* (law), be- 
 fore a judge; — nobis*, 
 before us; — paribus*, 
 before one's equals ; — po- 
 pulo *, before the 
 people. 
 
 Coran, use Koran*. 
 
 cor anglais*, tenor oboe. 
 
 Corday (Charlotte), 1 768- 
 93, Fr. revolutionist. 
 
 Cordillera/ * (Sp.), a 
 mountain chain ; pi. -s. 
 
 cordite*, an explosive. 
 
 Cordoba, offic. Sp. for 
 Cordova. 
 
 cord wain*, Sp. leather. 
 
 Corea/, -n, use K-. 
 
 co-respondent*, the man 
 charged with adultery in 
 a divorce case (hyphen). 
 
 corf*, a basket;/*/, corves*. 
 
 Corfe Castle, Dorset, a 
 village (two words, caps,). 
 
 Corflambo, the giant in 
 '* Faerie Queene." 
 
 Corinthians, abbr. i Cor., 
 a Cor. 
 
 Corliss engine. 
 
 Corn, Cornwall (no point). 
 
 Corn., Cornish. 
 
 corn-crake*, the landrail 
 (hyphen). 
 
 corne/a*, the eyeball cover- 
 ing ; pi. -SB. 
 
 ComeLlle (Pierre), 1606- 
 84, Fr. dramatist. 
 
 Cornel/ia,-ius, abbr. Cor. 
 
 cornelian*, red quartz, not 
 carnelian, -ion. 
 
 comet (mus.), abbr. cor. 
 
 cornfield* (one word). 
 
 Comiche (La), coast road 
 from Nice to Genoa ; in 
 It La Cornice. 
 
 Cornish/, abbr. Com. ; — 
 gilliflower*, an apple. 
 
 Corn Laws (caps.). 
 
 COrnJo* (It. mus.), a horn, 
 pi. -i* ; corno iaglese*, 
 tenor oboe. 
 
 COrnuj* (anat.), hornlike 
 process ; pi. -a*. 
 
 Cornubia*, Cornwall. 
 
 cornucopia/*, pi. -s. 
 
 Cornwall, abbr. Corn (no 
 point) ; in Fr. f. Cor- 
 nouaille. 
 
 coroU., corollary. 
 
 corolla/* (hot.), pi. -a*. 
 
 Coroner, abbr. Cor. 
 
 coronis*, Greek mark of 
 contraction *. 
 
 Corot (J. B. C), 1796- 
 1875, Fr. painter. 
 
 Corporal, abbr. Corp. 
 
 corporealize*, to mate- 
 rialize, Mo/-ise. 
 
 corposant*, St. Elmo's 
 fire, not cour-. 
 
 corps*, sing, and pi. 
 
 corps j d'armSe*, army 
 corps ; — de baHet*,com- 
 pany of ballet-dancers ; 
 
 — de bataille*, central 
 part of an army ; — de 
 bitimentt or — de 
 logiSf the main building ; 
 
 — des lettres (typ.), 
 the body of the type ; 
 
 — diplomatique*, 
 diplomatic circle ; — 
 dramatiquCf dramatic 
 body; — legislatif, re- 
 presentative assembly ; — 
 volant*, flying corps. 
 
 corp/us*, the body; pi. 
 
 -ora*, abbr. cor. 
 Corpus Christi Col- 
 lege, abbr. C.C.C. 
 corpjus viije, worthless 
 
 substance ; pi. -ora -ia, 
 corr., correspond, -ence, 
 
 -ent, -ing, corrupt, -ed, 
 
 -tion. 
 correcteur (Fr. typ. m.), 
 
 corrector of the press, 
 correct/ion, -ive, abbr. 
 
 cor. 
 
 73 
 
CORRECTION — COTE 
 
 correction of proofs, 
 see proof correction 
 marks. 
 
 Correctur (Ger. typ. f.), 
 corrected proof, now 
 Korrektur, 
 
 Correggio (A. A.), 1494- 
 1534 > It. painter. 
 
 corregidor* (Sp.),a magis- 
 trate. 
 
 correlate* (one word, 2 r's). 
 
 correlative, abbr. cor. 
 
 correspond/, -ence, -ent, 
 in Fr. -re, -ance, -ant, 
 fern, -ante; -ing, abbr. 
 corr. 
 
 correspondence (news- 
 paper) (typ.), TO THE 
 EDITOR OF THE TIMES, CtC, 
 SIR, — and SIGNATURE to 
 
 be caps, and s.caps. {see 
 also letters [printed]). 
 
 Corresponding Mem- 
 ber, abbr. CM., orCorr. 
 Mem. 
 
 Corrdze, Fr. department. 
 
 Corrievrechan, tide-race 
 off Argyllshire, not -kin, 
 Coryvreckan. 
 
 corrigend/um*, pi. -a*. 
 
 Corr. Mem., Correspond- 
 ing Member. 
 
 corroboree*, Austral, ab- 
 original dance, not -bery, 
 -borie, -bory. 
 
 corrupt/, -ed, -ion, abbr. 
 corr. 
 
 corrupter*, not -or. 
 
 corselet (Fr. dress, m.), a 
 kind of external corset. 
 
 Corsica, abbr. Cors. ; in 
 Fr. f. Corse. 
 
 corslet*, not -elet. 
 
 Corstorphine, near Edin- 
 burgh. 
 
 cort., cortex. 
 
 cortege* (accent, not ital.). 
 
 Cortes*, the two legisla- 
 tive houses of Spain, also 
 Portugal ; pron. kor'tez. 
 
 Cort6s (Hernando), 1485- 
 1547, conqueror of Mexico. 
 
 cort/ex*, bark ; pi. -ices*, 
 abbr. cort. 
 
 Corunna, in Sp. Coruna. 
 
 COrvSe"^ (Fr. f.), feudal 
 forced labour, drudgery. 
 
 corvette*, a small frigate. 
 
 corybant/*, a Phrygian 
 priest; ^/. -es* (not ital.). 
 
 Corycian nymphs, the 
 Muses. 
 
 cotyphasjus*, a chorus 
 leader, not -eus ; pi. -/. 
 
 coryphee* (Fr. m.), chief 
 ballet-dancer. 
 
 Coryvreckan, use Cor- 
 rievrechan. 
 
 C.O.S., Charity Organisa- 
 tion Society. 
 
 COS (math.), cosine (no 
 point). 
 
 CO. sa. (mus.), come sopra 
 (as above). 
 
 cosec (math.), cosecant. 
 
 cosey, use cosy*. 
 
 cosh/ar, -er (Jew.), use 
 kosher*. 
 
 coshering*, rack-rent. 
 
 coshery* (Jr.), feasting. 
 
 "Cosi fan tutti," opera 
 by Mozart. 
 
 cosine* (no hyphen), abbr. 
 COS (no point). 
 
 cosmography, abbr. oos- 
 mog. 
 
 cosmopolitanize *. 
 
 COSS., consules (consuls). 
 
 Coster (Laurens Jans- 
 zoons), according to the 
 Dutch, invented printing 
 about 1440. 
 
 costum/er*, a dealer in 
 costumes ; in Fr. -ier, 
 
 cosy*, not -sey, -zey, -zy. 
 
 cotangent* (no hyphen), 
 abbr. cot (no point). 
 
 cote (Fr. f.), market quota- 
 tion, figure, mark, share. 
 
 cote (Fr. f.), hill, shore. 
 
 COtS (Fr. m.), a side. 
 
 Cdte-d'Or, dep. France. 
 
 cdtelette * ( Fr. f.), a cutlet. 
 
 coterie*, a "set" of persons 
 (not ital.). 
 
 coterminous, use cont-*. 
 
 Cdte-rdtie (Fr. f.), a red 
 wine. 
 
 74 
 
COTES— COURONNE 
 
 cdtes de boeut (Jr. f.), ribs 
 
 of beef. 
 Cdtes-du-Nord, d6p. Fr. 
 cotillion*, a dance; in 
 
 Fr. m. cotillon. 
 Cotswold.Glos, «o/Cotes-. 
 cottar*, peasant, not -er. 
 ** Cottar's Saturday- 
 Night," by Burns, 1786. 
 cotter*, pin, wedge, etc. 
 Cottian Alps, Savoy and 
 
 Piedmont, 
 cotton, in Fr. m. coton. 
 Cottonian Library, in 
 
 British Museum. 
 cottonize*, to make cotton- 
 like, not -ise. 
 coude(astr.), telescope bent 
 
 at an angle. 
 couldn't (typ.), to be set 
 
 close up. 
 couldst (no apos.). 
 coule (mus.), a slur. 
 COulSe*, 3L lava-flow, a 
 
 ravine. 
 couleurj* (Fr. f.), colour; 
 
 — de rose*f roseate 
 
 (figurative). 
 couloir*, a gully. 
 Coulomb (C. A. de), 
 
 1 736-1 806, physicist, 
 coulter*, a plough blade, 
 
 not col-, 
 council/*, assembly; -lor*, 
 
 member of a council, 
 counsel/*, advice,barrister; 
 
 -led*, -ling*; -lor*, one 
 
 who counsels. 
 Count, abbr. Ct. 
 counterbalance* (one 
 
 word), 
 counter-carte* (fencing), 
 
 not -quarte (hyphen). 
 counter-cheer *, — 
 
 -claim* (hyphens). 
 coimter-clockwise*, con- 
 trary to a clock hand's 
 
 motion, 
 counter-tenor, abbr. C. 
 Counties palatine*, 
 
 Cheshire and Lanes (cap. 
 
 C only). 
 countrif/y*, -led*, not 
 
 country-. 
 
 country-dance*, «o/con- 
 tre-dance, contra-danse. 
 
 country-side* (hyphen). 
 
 county, abbr. Co. ; (typ.) 
 abbrs. of name as Hants, 
 Yorks, Salop, etc., to have 
 no point at end. 
 
 County Council/, -lor, 
 abbr. C.C. 
 
 County court* (one cap.) ; 
 abbr. C.C. 
 
 coup* (Fr. m.), a stroke. 
 
 coupj d'aile (Fr. m.), 
 flap (of the wings), a 
 flight of imagination; — 
 d'archet (mus.) , a stroke 
 of the bow ; — de 
 chapeauy salute with 
 the hat; — d*ScIat*, 
 a sensational stroke ; — 
 d'essai*, first attempt; 
 
 — d*Stat*, sudden 
 stroke of State policy ; 
 
 — de fouet (fencing), a 
 ''beat"; — de grice*, 
 a finishing stroke ; — de 
 main*, sudden attack to 
 gain a position; — demai- 
 tre*, a master-stroke ; — 
 d*ceil*, a glance, wink ; — 
 de pied, a kick ; — 
 de poingy blow with the 
 fist ; — de soleil*, sun- 
 stroke ; — de tliSMtre*, 
 sudden sensational act ; 
 
 — de vent, a gale ; — de 
 vin, sip of wine. 
 
 coupe*, a front seat, a 
 carriage, a fencing move- 
 ment (accent, not ital.). 
 
 coupee*, a dance step (no 
 accent). 
 
 couper* (Sc), a dealer. 
 
 coup manque (Fr. m.), 
 a failure. 
 
 Cour de Cassation, su- 
 preme Fr. tribunal. 
 
 COUrge (Fr. f.), gourd ; — 
 k la moelle, vegetable 
 marrow. 
 
 courier, in Fr. m. courtier. 
 
 couronne de tasses 
 (electricity), voltaic bat- 
 tery, not — des — . 
 
 75 
 
COUBT — CRANCH 
 
 Court, abbr. C, or Ct. 
 
 courtage*, brokerage. 
 
 Courtenay, family name 
 of Earl of Devon (see also 
 Courtney). 
 
 courtesan*, not -zan. 
 
 court-house*, abbr. C.H. 
 
 Court leet*, a court of 
 record. 
 
 court martial* (two 
 words) ; pi. courts — *. 
 
 Courtney (Leonard 
 
 Henry), 1832-, politic- 
 ian ; — (William Leon- 
 ard), 1850 -, writer {see 
 also Courtenay). 
 
 Court of/ Common 
 Pleas, abbr. C.C.P. ; — 
 — Guestling, of Cinque 
 Ports ; — — Lode- 
 manage, ditto ; — — 
 Probate, abbr. C.P. ; 
 Session, C.S. 
 
 Courtrai, Belgium, not -ay. 
 
 Courts of Justice (caps.). 
 
 couscous*, W. Afr. dish, 
 also bird {see also cuscus). 
 
 cousin-german*, not 
 -aine, -ane ; pi. cousins-*. 
 
 Cousin Michael, nick- 
 name of a German, as 
 John Bull of Englishman. 
 
 Cousins of the Sove- 
 reign (law), Peers. 
 
 coUte que coute (Fr.), at 
 any cost, not — qui — . 
 
 COUturihre (Fr. f.), a dress- 
 maker. 
 
 couvade*/ 'man-childbed." 
 
 couveuse, apparatus for 
 preserving infant life. 
 
 Covenanter* (Sc. hist.). 
 
 covenantor* (law). 
 
 Coverley (Sir Roger de). 
 
 covert/* (sport), a place of 
 protection, not cover ; — 
 -baron* (law), a married 
 woman. 
 
 Cowling, Yorks. 
 
 Cowlinge, Cambs. 
 
 Cowper-Coles & Co. 
 (Sherard). 
 
 Co wper (William), 1731- 
 1800, poet ; pron. koo'per. 
 
 cowrie*, the shell, not 
 -ry. In Africa 50 equal 
 about 4s. ; in Siam, 6000 
 about IS. 4d. {see also 
 kauri). 
 
 coxcomb*, a fop; cocks-*, 
 a plant. 
 
 coxswain* (naut), not 
 cocks-; pron. kox'n, abbr, 
 cox. 
 
 coynye* (Ir. hist.), the 
 billeting of soldiers upon 
 persons, not coignye. 
 
 cozey, cozy, use cosy*. 
 
 C.P., Chief Patriarch, Civil 
 Power, Clerk of the 
 Peace, Code of Procedure, 
 College of Preceptors, 
 Common Pleas, Common 
 Praj'er, Congregatio Pas- 
 s«b«i5 (Passionist Fathers), 
 convicted poacher, Court 
 of Probate ; cp., compare ; 
 C.P.C, Clerk of the Privy 
 Council ; C.P.M. (mus.), 
 common particular metre; 
 C.P.R., Canadian Pacific 
 Railway; C.P.S., Con- 
 gregational Publishing 
 Society, Custos Privati 
 Sigt'lli {Keeper of the Privy 
 Seal). 
 
 C.R., Caledonian Railway, 
 Carolina Regina (Queen 
 Caroline), Carolus Rex 
 (King Charles), Civis Ro- 
 tnanus (a Roman citizen), 
 Custos Rotulorum{Keeper 
 of the Rolls) ; Cr., credit, 
 -or, Crown ; Cr, chro- 
 mium ; cr., created ; 
 C.R.A. (Officer) Com- 
 manding Royal Artillery. 
 
 crabe (Fr. m.), crab. 
 
 cracklin*, crackle-ware. 
 
 Cracow, Poland, use 
 Krakow. 
 
 Craig Cefn Pare, Glam, 
 a village. 
 
 Craigenputtock, Dum- 
 fries, Thomas Carlyle's 
 residence 1828. 
 
 Cranbourn Street, W.C. 
 
 cranch, use crunch *. 
 
CRANE'S — CROCUS 
 
 crane's-bill*, the gera- 
 niums, not cranesbill. 
 craniol., craniology. 
 craniom., craniometry, 
 crani/um*, skull; pi. -a*. 
 
 Cranleigh, Surrey, for- 
 merly Crauley. 
 
 Crapaud (Johnny), nick- 
 name of a Frenchman. 
 
 crap/e*, gauze-like fabric, 
 -y; in Fr. m. crepe. 
 
 crassa negligentia (law), 
 criminal negligence. 
 
 Craufurd (Sir C. W. F.), 
 1847- {see also Craw- 
 ford). 
 
 craunch, use crunch*. 
 
 crawfish*, U.S.A. and 
 prov. Eng. for crayfish*. 
 
 Crawford and Bal- 
 carres (Earl o/),i847-. 
 
 Crawford (F. Marion), 
 1 854-, writer. 
 
 Crawfurd (Oswald), 
 writer {see also Crau-). 
 
 crayfish*, not craw-. 
 
 C.R.E., (Officer)Command- 
 ing Royal Engineers. 
 
 cream/-laid*, a writing 
 paper with wire marks ; 
 wove*, ditto without. 
 
 created, abbr. cr. 
 
 Creation (the) (cap.). 
 
 crdche*, a public nursery. 
 
 Cr6cy (battle of), not 
 Cressy, Creci. 
 
 credit/, -or, abbr. Cr. 
 
 Criditl Fonder de 
 France, a financial 
 corporation ; — Lyon- 
 nais ; — Mobiller, Fr. 
 banking corporations. 
 
 creese*, a Malay dagger, 
 not kr-, crease. 
 
 Crefeld, Ger. ; off. K-. 
 
 Creighton (H . Man dell), 
 1843- 1900, Bp. and hist. 
 
 crkme de la creme (Fr. 
 f.), the very best, not ere-. 
 
 Cremona *, any violin 
 made there (cap.). 
 
 Cremonese *, of Cremona. 
 
 creolize*, not -ise. 
 
 creosote*, not k-. 
 
 crSpej* (Fr. m.), crape, 
 
 (f.) pancake; — de 
 
 Chine*, raw silk crape ; 
 
 — lisse*, glossy crape. 
 
 crSpS* (Fr.), frizzled. 
 
 crSpon* (Fr. m.), crapy 
 
 fabric. 
 crescendo* (mus.), grow- 
 ing in force ; abbr. 
 cresc* 
 
 cresson* (Fr. m.), cress, 
 water-cress. 
 
 Cretan, of Crete. 
 
 cretin*, Swiss idiot ; in 
 Fr. crSdn. 
 
 cretonne*, a cotton cloth. 
 
 Creusot (Le), dep. SaOne- 
 et-Loire, not -zot. 
 
 crdve-coeur (Fr. m.), heart- 
 sore, variety of fowl. 
 
 crevette (Fr. f.), prawn. 
 
 Crewe (Earl of). 
 
 Crichton (James), 1560- 
 91, " the Admirable C—"; 
 pron. kry'tn. 
 
 cricket/*, -ed, -ing*. 
 
 crim. con.* (law), criminal 
 conversation, adultery. 
 
 crimen j falsi (law), for- 
 gery;— lassas majesta- 
 tls, treason. 
 
 Criminal OflB.ce, abbr. 
 CO. 
 
 cring/e*, -ing*. 
 
 crink*, a, or to, twist. 
 
 crinkum - crankum*, a 
 zigzag, «o/ -cum -cum. 
 
 cris/is *,/>/. -es*. 
 
 criss-cross, see Christ-. 
 
 crit., critical, -ized. 
 
 criteri/on*, pi. -a*. 
 
 criticaster*, a petty critic. 
 
 criticize*, not -ise. 
 
 critique* (not ital.). 
 
 " Critique of Pure Rea- 
 son,** in German " Kritik 
 der reinen Vernunft," by 
 Kant, 1781. 
 
 Croat, a native of Croatia ; 
 pron. kro-at. 
 
 croc*, a hook, Mo/-ck. 
 
 crochet*, hooked -needle 
 work ; pron. krO'sha. 
 
 crocus/* (bot.), pi. -es. 
 
 77 
 
CROESUS — C.S.C. 
 
 Croesus, King of Lydia. 
 
 Crofton, Yorks. 
 
 Croft Town, Cambs. 
 
 Cro-Magnon (anthrop.). 
 
 cromesquis (Fr. cook, pi.), 
 not the many variations 
 (not ital.). 
 
 croo* (In, Sc), a hovel. 
 
 Crook, Dur, Westmor. 
 
 Crooke, Lanes. 
 
 Crookes (Sir W.), 1832-, 
 physicist. 
 
 Crookes's tubes(phys.). 
 
 Crookhaven, Cork. 
 
 Crookston, Paisley. 
 
 Crookstown, Cork. 
 
 Croonian Lecture, of 
 Royal Society. 
 
 croquet*, game (not ital). 
 
 croquette* (Fr. f.), rissole 
 (ital.). 
 
 crore* (E. Ind.), ten mil- 
 lions, usually of rupees. 
 
 crosier*, Abp.'s staff, not 
 -zier. 
 
 cross, sign in Prayer 
 Book 1^ ; Latin — ^ (see 
 also crux), 
 
 cross (typ.), in proof cor- 
 rections, a faulty letter. 
 
 Cross-bencli* (Pari.) (cap. 
 C only, hyphen). 
 
 cross-bill* (law), a pro- 
 missory note (hyphen). 
 
 crossbill *, a passerine bird. 
 
 crossette* (arch.), a ledge, 
 not crose-. 
 
 Crossgates, Fife. 
 
 Cross Gates, Yorks. 
 
 Crosshill, Ayr, Renfrew. 
 
 Cross Hill, Workington, 
 Cumberland. 
 
 Crosskeys, Antrim, Cavan. 
 
 Cross Keys, Monmouth. 
 
 crosslet*, not croslet. 
 
 crotch,orcrotchet* (typ.), 
 the square bracket [. 
 
 crotchet/*, -ed*, -ing, -y*. 
 
 croupier*, gaming-table 
 attendant. 
 
 croiiton (Fr. m.), a bit of 
 crust, or toast. 
 
 Crowland, Lines, not 
 Croy-. 
 
 78 
 
 Crown (the) (cap. Q; abbr. 
 Cr. 
 
 crown, see books, paper. 
 
 Crowner's quest, dialec- 
 tal for Coroner's in- 
 quest (cap. C only). 
 
 Crown Office, abbr. CO. 
 
 crozier, use cros- *. 
 
 C.E..P., Calendarium Rotu- 
 loi-unt Patentium (Calen- 
 dar of the Patent Roils). 
 
 cru (wine), growth (no 
 accent). 
 
 crucian*, Ger. carp, not 
 crusian. 
 
 Crucifixion (the) (cap.C). 
 
 Cruikshank (George), 
 1 792-1878, caricaturist. 
 
 crumb*, ofbread,«o/crum. 
 
 crunch*, not cran-, craun-. 
 
 cruse*, ajar, «o/ cruise. 
 
 Cruso, N. Carolina. 
 
 " Crusoe (Robinson),*' 
 by Defoe, 17 19. 
 
 crux *, of an argument ; 
 pi. cruces (not itaL). 
 
 cruxj* (astr.), the Southeun 
 Cross; — ansata*, the 
 cross with a handle ; — 
 cominissa, the tau cross, 
 X ; — decussata, cross 
 of St. Andrew, or St. 
 Patrick x ;—stellata, the 
 cross with arms ending in 
 stars {see also cross). 
 
 crypton (chem.), use'k.-*. 
 
 cryptonym*, a private 
 name. 
 
 crystal., crystallography. 
 
 crystalliz/e*, not -ise ; 
 -ed*, -ing*. 
 
 C.S., Civil Service, Clerk 
 of Session, Clerk to the 
 Signet, Commissary of 
 Subsistence,Common Ser- 
 jeant, Court of Session, 
 Gustos Sigtlli (keeper of 
 the seal) ; Cs*, caesium ; 
 CS., communis (com- 
 mon) ; C.S.A., Confeder- 
 ate States Army, ditto 
 of America ; Csar, etc., 
 use Ts-; C.S.C, Con- 
 spicuous Service Cross ; 
 
C.S.I. — cunnin-qham: 
 
 G.S.I., Companion of the 
 (Order of the) Star of 
 India ; C.S.N., Con- 
 federate States Navy ; 
 C.S.O., Chief Signal Offi- 
 cer (U.S.A.), — Staff 
 Officer ; C.Ss.R., Congre- 
 gatio Sancttssimi Redent- 
 ptoris (Redemptorist Fa- 
 thers). 
 
 C.T., Certificated Teacher ; 
 Ct., Count, Court ; ct., 
 cent; C.T.A.U., Cath- 
 olic Total Abstinence 
 Union ; C.T.C, Cyclists' 
 Touring Club; C.Theod., 
 Codex Theodosianus (Theo- 
 dosian Code) ; ctl., cental, 
 -s; cto. (mus.), concerto ; 
 cts., centimes, cents. 
 
 Cu*, cuprum (copper); 
 C.U., Cambridge Uni- 
 versity; C.U.A.C., Cam- 
 bridge University Athletic 
 Club; C.U.A.F.C., ditto 
 Association Football ; 
 C.TJ.B.C, ditto Boat; 
 C.U.C.C, ditto Cricket; 
 C.U.R.U.F.C., ditto 
 Rugby Union Football. 
 
 cuartill/a (Sp.), about 6 lb. 
 weight; -o,a pint; Mexican 
 coin, three halfpence. 
 
 cuarto (Sp.), three far- 
 things. 
 
 cubic, abbr. c, or cub. 
 
 cubicul/um*, cubicle or 
 dormitory ; pi. -a. 
 
 cubile, lowest course of a 
 building. 
 
 Cuddesdon, Bishop of 
 Oxford's residence. 
 
 cue, persons in line, use 
 queue*. 
 
 cuerda, of Castile, 22-3 
 feet ; — Valencia, 122 
 feet; — Buenos Ayres, 
 420 feet I in. 
 
 Cufic*, of Cufa, not K-, 
 Cuphic, Kuphic. 
 
 cui bono?* (Lat.), who 
 gains by it ? 
 
 culdad, erron. for ciudad, 
 
 cuisine*,cookery(notital.). 
 
 CUJUSJ (Lat.), of which, 
 abbr. cuj, ; — -libeU of 
 any, abbr, cujusL 
 
 culch.*, oyster spawn, not 
 cultch. 
 
 CUl-dej-four* (arch.), oven- 
 like, pi. culS'de-four * ; 
 
 latnpe*, tail-piece, 
 
 pi. culs-de-lampe * ; cul- 
 de-sac*, a blind alley, a 
 trap, pi. culs-de-sac*; 
 pron. ku-, etc. 
 
 caljex*, a gnat ; pi. -ices. 
 
 Cullen (William), 1710- 
 90, Sc. physician. 
 
 cullender, use colan-*. 
 
 culpa] (law), a fault ; — 
 lata, gross neglect; — 
 levls, excusable neglect. 
 
 Culpeper, Alabama ; — 
 (Sir T. J. and N.), not 
 -pper. 
 
 C.U.M., Cambridge Uni- 
 versity Mission. 
 
 Cum*(Lat.), with (notital.). 
 
 CumaBan, of Cumae. 
 
 Cumb, Cumberland. 
 
 Cumbraes, Clyde. 
 
 cum dividend*, with 
 dividend ; abbr. c.d. 
 
 cum grano sails* (Lat.), 
 with allowance for ex- 
 aggeration. 
 
 cumin*, oil of, not cummin. 
 
 Cuming (E.W.D.), 1862-, 
 writer. 
 
 cummerbund*, a waist- 
 belt, not ka-, ku-. 
 
 cum multls aliis (Lat.), 
 with many others. 
 
 cumshaw* (Ch.), a gra- 
 tuity, not ku-. 
 
 cumul/us* (meteor.), a 
 cloud form ; pi. -1*, abbr. k. 
 
 cun, use con*. 
 
 cuneiform*, wedge-shap- 
 ed, not cuni-, cune-. 
 
 Cuningham (Sir W. J.), 
 1848-, I.C.S. 
 
 Cuninghame (Sir T. A. 
 A. Montgomery-), 
 1877-, Rifle Brig. 
 
 Cunningham (Sir A. P. 
 D.), 1852-, LC.S. 
 
 79 
 
CUNYNQHAM — C. V. 
 
 Cunyngham (Sir "W, 
 Dick-), 1871-, Black 
 Watch. 
 
 Cunynghame (Sir 
 
 Percy), 1867-, I.C.S. 
 
 Cupar/ ; Angus, use 
 
 Coupar . 
 
 cuppa, a chalice bowl. 
 
 cur., currency, current. 
 
 curacao, liqueur, not -oa. 
 
 curare*, a drug, not -a, -i. 
 
 curarize*, to administer 
 curare, not -ise. 
 
 curb*, more usually ke-. 
 
 curbstone, use kerb-. 
 
 CUrS*, Fr. rector, or vicar. 
 
 Curia]*, the papal court 
 (cap.); — a</v/sare vuHy 
 the court desires to con- 
 sider; abbr. C.a.v. 
 
 curio/*, an object of art ; pi. 
 -S (not ital.). 
 
 curiologic/*, -al*, not k-. 
 
 CUrlosa fellcitas, agree- 
 able style due to care. 
 
 curiosoj*, a curio admirer; 
 pi. -/*. 
 
 curlicue*, a fantastic curl, 
 not -eque, -ycue. 
 
 curly n (typ.) (n), in Span- 
 ish tilde. 
 
 currach*, a coracle. 
 
 currack* (Sc), pannier. 
 
 curren/t, -cy, abbr. cur.; 
 electric current, abbr. 
 c. 
 
 currente calamo (Lat.), 
 easily, fluently. 
 
 curricul/um*, pi. -a*. 
 
 Currie, Midlothian. 
 
 Curry, Sligo. 
 
 curry (cook.), in Fr. m. 
 kari, or a Vindienne, 
 
 Curschmann (K. F.), 
 1805-41, composer. 
 
 curse of/ Canaan, negro 
 
 slavery ; Scotland, 
 
 the nine of diamonds. 
 
 Cursivschrift (Ger. typ. 
 f.), italic type, use K-. 
 
 curtsy/*, Mo/-sey; -ing*. 
 
 curveting*, not -tting. 
 
 Cur wen (John), 1816-80, 
 inventor of Tonic Sol-fa. 
 
 CUSCUS/*, a marsupial ; — 
 -grass*, of India (see also 
 couscous). 
 
 cushat*, cushie-doo* 
 (Sc), the ring-dove. 
 
 cushla machree (In), 
 my heart's delight. 
 
 cuspidor* (Port.), a spit- 
 toon, not -adore, -idore. 
 
 custodia legis (Lat.), in 
 the custody of the law. 
 
 custom-house* (hyphen); 
 abbr. C.H. 
 
 custjos*, a custodian, pi. 
 -odes * ; custosj bre- 
 vlum*, keeper of the 
 briefs ; — morum, guar- 
 dian of morals; CustOSJ 
 Privati Sigilli, Keeper 
 of the Privy Seal, abbr. 
 C.P.S. ; — Regni, a 
 regent ; — Rotulorum*, 
 Keeper of the Rolls, abbr. 
 C.R. ; — Sigilli*, ditto 
 seal, abbr. C.S. 
 
 cut-and-dried (adj.) 
 
 (hyphens). 
 
 Cutch, India, not K-. 
 
 cutch*, catechu, notV.-, 
 
 cute *, not 'cute. 
 
 cut edges, see edges. 
 
 cut-in/ letter (typ.), one 
 of large size, as at the 
 beginning of a chapter, 
 also drop-letter; — notes, 
 those set into the text at 
 the outer edge; (typ.) to be 
 in romau lower-case three 
 sizes smaller than text, in 
 a square of white space. 
 
 cutis]* (anat.), skin; — 
 anserina^ the skin 
 roughened by cold. 
 
 cutt/y* (Sc), anything 
 short, pi. -ies; cutty 
 stool, stool of repentance. 
 
 cuv6e (Fr. f.), a vatful, or 
 sort, of wine (not ital.). 
 
 Cuvier (G. L. C. D., 
 baron), 1769-1832, Fr. 
 naturalist. 
 
 Cuyp, Dutch artists, not K-. 
 
 C.V., Common Version (of 
 the Bible). 
 
 80 
 
C.V.O. — CZERNY 
 
 C.V.O., Commander (of 
 the Royal) Victorian 
 Order. 
 
 C.W., Canada West. 
 
 O.W.O., cash with order. 
 
 cwt., hundredweight, -s. 
 
 cyan-blue *, greenish- 
 blue. 
 
 eye, cyclopaedia, -ic. 
 
 Cycle of the Saros, 
 6585V3 days. 
 
 cyclopsed/ia*, -ic*, not 
 -pedia ; abbr. eye. 
 
 Cyclop/s*, a giant with one 
 eye ; pi. -es*. 
 
 cycnean*, of swans, not 
 cyg". 
 
 cyder, use cider*. 
 
 C5yfarthfa, Glamorgan 
 ironworks. 
 
 Cyllaros, the horse of 
 Castor and Pollux. 
 
 Cym., Cymric. 
 
 cyma*, a moulding. 
 
 cymbiform*, boat-shaped, 
 not cymbae-. 
 
 Cymmrodorion (Hon- 
 ourable Society of). 
 
 Cymric*, Welsh, not K- ; 
 pron. cum-rik. 
 
 Cjnnru, Wales. 
 
 Cymry, the Welsh nation. 
 
 Cynewulf, Anglo-Saxon 
 poet. 
 
 cynocephalus*, a dog- 
 headed creature. 
 
 Cynthia*, the moon. 
 
 Cynthius, Apollo. 
 
 cypher, use cipher*. 
 
 cy pr^s* (law), as near as 
 practicable. 
 
 Cyprian*, of Cyprus. 
 
 Cypriote, inhabitant or 
 language of Cyprus. 
 
 Cyric (Saint), patron of 
 sailors. 
 
 cyst/*, -ic*, «o/ci-. 
 
 czakan (mus.), Bohemian 
 flageolet. 
 
 Czar/ of Russia, -evitch, 
 -evna, -ina, use Tsar/. 
 
 Czech*, wo^the many varia- 
 tions ; pron. check. 
 
 Czemy (Karl), 1791-1857, 
 Austrian composer j pron. 
 tcher'ng. 
 
 81 
 
C NOTES 
 
 83 
 
83 
 
 C NOTES 
 
D. — DAMITCTM 
 
 D., democrat, -ic, doctor, 
 Duke, (Lat.) Deus (God), 
 Dominus (Lord), the 
 fourth in a series, all 
 proper names with this 
 initial. 
 
 D, 500. 
 
 d., date, daughter, day, 
 dead, degree, deserted, 
 -er, died, dime, diopter, 
 dollar, dose, (Fr.) dottane 
 (customs), droite (the right 
 hand), (It.) destm (right), 
 (Lat. ) decretum (a decree), 
 denarii (pence), denarius 
 (penny), (naut.) drizzling. 
 
 d* (typ.), as prefix to a not 
 anglicized prop>er name 
 should, in accordance 
 with continental practice, 
 be lower case and not 
 cap., as d'Arsonval, Sig- 
 natures to be copied. 
 
 ^ (typ.), deleatur (omit). 
 
 Da.*, Danish. 
 
 D.A.A.G., Deputy- Assist- 
 ant- Adjutant-General. 
 
 da/ ballo It. mus.), dance 
 style; — cappellay&r — 
 Chlesa, church style ; — 
 capo*, or — capo al fine^ 
 repeat to the word fine ; 
 — capo dat segno, 
 repeat from the sign vS', 
 abbr. D.C., or da capo. 
 
 dachshund *, badger-dog. 
 
 dacoit*, Indian robber, not 
 dak-, dec-. 
 
 daddy-long-legs*, the 
 crane-fly (hyphens). 
 
 daflfadowrndilly*, a daffo- 
 dil, not daffi-, daffo-, 
 daffy- (one word). 
 
 D.A.G., Deputy-Adjutant- 
 General. 
 
 dagger (f), (typ.), the 
 second reference mark, 
 coming after the asterisk. 
 
 In Eng. before, in Ger. 
 
 after, a person's name, 
 
 signifies "dead" or 
 
 "died.'^ 
 daggle-tail, use drag-*. 
 Dagonet, pen-name of 
 
 G. R. Sims ; — (Sir), 
 
 King Arthur's fool ; not 
 
 Daguenet. 
 daguerreotjrpe* (not 
 
 cap.). 
 dahabeeyah*, Nile boat, 
 
 not the many variations. 
 d*ailleurs (Fr.), besides. 
 daimio*/, Jap. noble ; pi. -s. 
 Daimler motor, 
 dais*, not dais. 
 dakoit, use dac-*. 
 Dakota, off. abbr. Dak. 
 Dalai Lama, the Grand 
 
 Lama of Tibet. 
 d'Alembert (J. le B.), 
 
 1717-83, math. 
 Dallmeyer (J. EC.), opt- 
 ician, London, 
 Dalzell, family name of 
 
 Earl of Carnwath. 
 jyailziel, pron. dee-el. 
 damageable*, not -gable. 
 Damaraland, Ger. S.W. 
 
 Africa (one word). 
 dam.ascen/e*, -er*, not 
 
 -keen, -kin. 
 " Dame aux Camillas 
 
 (La),'* play by Dumas fils. 
 darnel ^^ compagnIe{Fr.\ 
 
 lady's paid companion ; 
 
 — d*honneur, maid of 
 
 honour ; — du patais, 
 
 lady-in-waiting ; — que- 
 
 teuse, one who collects 
 
 for the poor. 
 damnosa hsereditas 
 
 (Lat.), a legacy involving 
 
 loss. 
 damnum absque injuria 
 
 (Lat.), damage without 
 
 wrong. 
 
 84 
 
DAMON — D'AU JOURD»HTTI 
 
 Damon and Pytliias, 
 
 model friends. 
 Dan., Daniel, Book of 
 
 Daniel. 
 Dan/ae, mother of Perseus, 
 
 also asteroid ; -a9a, fern 
 
 genus 
 
 •aid*, dau. of 
 
 Danaus ; -aus, son of 
 Belus. 
 
 Dandie Dinmont, breed 
 
 of dogs ; Andrevvr , 
 
 farmer in " Guy Manner- 
 ing," 
 
 dandruff*, scurf, not -riff. 
 
 danegeld*, land-tax, «o/-lt. 
 
 Danicism*, a peculiarity of 
 the Danish language (like 
 Scotticism). 
 
 Daniel (Book of), abbr. 
 Dan. 
 
 Daniel (Canon E.), 1837- 
 1904, writer. 
 
 DanieU (A. E.), 1864-, 
 writer. 
 
 Daniell's battery (elec. ). 
 
 Danish/, abbr. Da.* ; — 
 alphabet (typ.), the 
 special letters are x and 
 0, which follow in alpha- 
 betical order. Printing 
 generally in roman char- 
 acters. 
 
 Dannebrog*, Danish na- 
 tional standard, also or- 
 der of knighthood, not 
 Dane-. 
 
 d'Anniinzio (Gabriele), 
 1 864-, It. writer. 
 
 danse macabre (Fr. f.), 
 dance of death. 
 
 danseuse*, a female dancer 
 (not ital.). 
 
 Dant/e Alighieri, 1265- 
 1321, It. poet; -ean*, 
 -ist*. 
 
 Danubian Principal- 
 ities, Moldavia and 
 Wallachia {now Ruma- 
 nia). 
 
 Danzig, not -tsic, -tzig. 
 
 daou, use dhow*. 
 
 D.A.Q.M.Q., Deputy- 
 
 Assistant - Quartermaster- 
 General. 
 
 85 
 
 d*Arc (Jeanne), Joan of 
 Arc, 1412-31 ; properly 
 Dare. 
 
 daren't (typ.), to be close 
 up. 
 
 dare say* (two words). 
 
 Darfur, S.E. Sahara, not 
 -foor, -for, -four. 
 
 Darjeeling, not Darji-, 
 
 Dark Ages (the) (caps.), 
 
 Darmstadt, Germany. 
 
 Dar Thula, '' fairest of 
 Erin's maidens." 
 
 Darwen, Lanes. 
 
 Darwin (Charles Rob- 
 ert), 1809-82, author of 
 ** Origin of Species"; — 
 (Erasmus), 1 731-1802. 
 
 D.A.S., Dramatic Authors' 
 Society. 
 
 dash, see punctuation, 
 IX, X. 
 
 das\ beisst (Ger.), that is 
 to say, abbr. d.h.; — ist, 
 that is, abbr. </./. 
 
 dat.*, dative. 
 
 dat/a*, 5. -um* (not ital.). 
 
 datable*, capable of being 
 dated, not -eable. 
 
 date, abbr. d. ; (typ.) in 
 printed letters to be 
 even small caps, and 
 arabic figures, except in 
 legal work, where they 
 must be spelled out in 
 full. The order should 
 be — day, month, year — as 
 12 June, 1903, «o/ June 12, 
 1903. No comma between 
 figures of year. For 
 periods of years use as 
 few figures as suffice, thus 
 1850-75 ; 1890-1903 (en 
 rules, not hyphens). 
 Names of days and months 
 to be in full ; inst., prox., 
 ult, to be printed full out. 
 
 dative, abbr. dat.* 
 
 Daudet (Alphonse), 
 1840-97, Fr. writer. 
 
 daughter, abbr. d., or 
 dau. 
 
 d'aujourd'hui en huit 
 (Fr.), this day week. 
 
D'AUMALE — DEBLOQUBR 
 
 d*Aumale (due). 
 
 Dauphin^, S.W. France. 
 
 Dav., David. 
 
 Davey (Baron), 1833-,- — 
 (Henry), 1843-, engin- 
 eer } — (R. P. B.), 1848-, 
 writer {see also Davy). 
 
 da Vinci (Leonardo), 
 1452-1519, It. painter^ 
 etc. ; pron. vin'chS. 
 
 Davis (JefFerson)y 180S- 
 89, Pres. Conf. States. 
 
 Davout (L. A. F. M., 
 baron)^ 1773-1820, 
 
 General ; — (L. N.), 1770- 
 1823, Fr. Marshal, mo/ -St. 
 
 Davus sum, non CBdIpus 
 (Lat.), that is beyond me. 
 
 Davy (Sir Humphry, 
 not -ey), 1778-1829, 
 chemist {see also Davey). 
 
 Davy Jones's locker. 
 
 day, abbr. d. ; (typ.) of 
 the week, and of fasts, 
 feasts, festivals, holidays, 
 to have initial caps. 
 
 Dayak, use Dyak. 
 
 daybook* (one word) ; 
 abbr. d.b. 
 
 daylight* (one word). 
 
 days after/ date, abbr. 
 d.d, ; sight, d.s. 
 
 day's/ date, abbr. d.d. ; — 
 journey (Heb,), 1695 
 miles ; — sight, abbr. d.s. 
 
 D.B., Domesday Book. 
 
 d.b., daybook. 
 
 dbk., drawback. 
 
 DC,6oo;DC.(bot.),deCan- 
 dolle; D.C., deputy-con- 
 sul, District Court, District 
 of Columbia, (mus.) da 
 capo (repeat) ; d.C. (It.) 
 dopo Cristo (a.d.) ; 
 
 D.C.L.*, Doctor of Civil 
 Law ; D.C.L.I., Duke of 
 Cornwall's Light Infantry; 
 D.Cn.L., Doctor of 
 Canon Law ; D.C.R. 
 (Ancient Order of For- 
 esters), District Chief 
 Ranger; D.C.S., Deputy- 
 Clerk of Session. 
 
 D.D., Divinitatis Doctor 
 
 (Doctor of Divinity) ; 
 D.d,^ Deo dedit (gave to 
 God) J dd., delivered \ 
 d.d., days after date, 
 day's date, dono dedit 
 (given) ; D.D.D., dat, 
 dicat, dedicat (he gives, 
 devotes, and dedicates) ; 
 dono dedit dedicavit (he 
 gave and consecrated as 
 a gift) ; D.D.S., Doctor 
 of Dental Surgery. 
 
 de (typ.), prefix to a proper 
 name, in accordance 
 with continental practice, 
 should not have initial 
 cap., as de Candolle ; ex- 
 cept when anglicized, as 
 De Vinne. Signatures to 
 be copied. 
 
 deaconate, use di-*. 
 
 dead, abbr. d. (see also 
 dagger). 
 
 Dead Letter OflSce, now 
 Returned ditto ; dead/ 
 reckoning (naut.), abbr. 
 D.R. ; — reprint (typ.), 
 an absolute facsimile. 
 
 de Amicis (Edmondo), 
 1846-, It. writer. 
 
 Dean of Faculty, not of 
 the ; abbr. D.F. 
 
 de- anthropomorphize *, 
 not -ise (hyphen). 
 
 Dear Sir, in printed letter 
 indent one em (caps., 
 comma, no dash). 
 
 deasil*, righthandwise, as 
 the hands of a clock, not 
 deiseal. 
 
 death/-bed *, -rate * 
 
 (hyphens). 
 
 deb., debenture. 
 
 debacle*, a downfall (not 
 ital.) ; in Fr. f. dibicle. 
 
 debatable*, not -eahle. 
 
 debauchee*, in Fr. dSbau- 
 chjS,/em. -Se. 
 
 debenture/, abbr. deb. ; — 
 -holder* (hyphen). 
 
 dSbloquer (Fr. typ.), to 
 rectify letters placed up- 
 side down as substitutes 
 for the proper ones, the 
 
 86 
 
DEBONAIR — DECORUM 
 
 supply of which has been 
 insufficient. 
 
 debonair*, not -aire, good- 
 natured ; in Fr. dSbon- 
 naire. 
 
 de bonne I grice (Fr.), 
 
 willingly ; psrt, 
 
 or source^ on good au- 
 thority. 
 
 deboutonn6{Fr.), careless. 
 
 debris*, ruins (no accent) ; 
 in Fr. m. debris. 
 
 debtor, abbr. Dr. 
 
 debut/*, -ant*, /em. 
 -ante* (not ital.). 
 
 de but en blanc (Fr.), 
 bluntly. 
 
 Dec, December. 
 
 dec, declaration, declen- 
 sion, declination, decora- 
 tive. 
 
 dec, (mus.), decrescendo. 
 
 dSc. (Fr.), decedje, fern, -e'e 
 (deceased), decembre (not 
 cap.) (December). 
 
 decade*, a group of ten, 
 not -ad. 
 
 "Decameron (The)**, by 
 Boccaccio, 1352. 
 
 Decan, Ind., «5^ Decc-. 
 
 de CandoUe (A.), 1806- 
 93, bot., abbr. DC. ; 
 — (A.P.),i778-i84i,bot. 
 
 decani*, of a dean ; (mus.) 
 the south side of a choir. 
 
 Deccan, India, not Decan. 
 
 dSc^djS (Fr.), /em. -^e, 
 deceased ; abbr. d^C, 
 
 December, abbr. Dec ; in 
 Fr. m. dScewbre, abbr. 
 dSc. (not cap.). 
 
 dScence (Fr. f.), comeli- 
 ness, decency. 
 
 decenni/iun*, a decade ; 
 pi. -a. 
 
 decentralize*, not -ise. 
 
 decern*, to judge {see also 
 discern). 
 
 dicbiance (Fr. f.), for- 
 feiture, expiry. 
 
 dScbirantl \Yr.), /em. -e, 
 heart-rending. 
 
 Decies (Baron), pron. 
 dee'shees. 
 
 87 
 
 decigram*, 1*54 grain, 
 official spelling Board of 
 Trade, not -mme ; abbr. 
 dg. 
 
 decimal fractions, no 
 decimal can be plural, or 
 take verb in pi., however 
 many figures it contains ; 
 (typ.) print in figures. 
 The decimal point in all 
 cases to be a full point 
 turned. 
 
 decimalize*, wo^-ise. 
 
 decimator*, not -er. 
 
 dScIme* (Fr. m.), ten cen- 
 times, a penny. 
 
 decimetre, 3937 in,, not 
 -er ; in Fr. m. dicimetre. 
 
 decimo - octavo (typ. ), 
 i8mo; sexto- — *, i6mo 
 (not ital.). 
 
 deoivilize*, not -ise. 
 
 deckle edge*, the ragged 
 edge of hand-made paper, 
 not -el. 
 
 declaration, abbr. dec. 
 
 declaration de faillite 
 (Fr. f.), adjudication in 
 bankruptcy. 
 
 Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence, U.S.A., 4 July, 
 1776. 
 
 declassje (Fr.), /em. -^e, 
 of inferior status. 
 
 declension, abbr. dec. 
 
 declination, abbr. dec. 
 
 decohere (Marconi), to fall 
 apart. 
 
 decoit, use dac-*. 
 
 decollate*, to behead; 
 decollation of St. John*, 
 
 29 August. 
 dScol/etjS*,/em. -Se (Fr.), 
 
 with low-necked dress. 
 
 decol/our*, to render col- 
 ourless ; but -orize*, not 
 -ourize, -ise. 
 
 decorat/e*, -or*. 
 
 Decoration Day*, U. S. A . , 
 
 30 May. 
 decorative, abbr. dec 
 dScorjS (Fr.), /em. -Se, 
 
 wearing an order of merit. 
 decorum* (not ital.). 
 
DieCOUSU — D:fi JEUNER 
 
 dScoasuj (Fr.), /em. -e, 
 
 unsewed, loose. 
 decree nisi* (law), a 
 
 decree upon condition. 
 decrepit *, not -id. 
 decrescendo* (mus.), de- 
 creasing in loudness ; 
 
 abbr. dec, or decres, 
 decretjutn (Lat.), a decree ; 
 
 pi. -a; abbr. d. 
 dicrottS (Fr.), brushed up. 
 dedans* (tennis) (notital.). 
 dSdicace (Fr. typ. f.), the 
 
 dedication, 
 dedications (typ.), usually 
 
 even s. caps, wide leaded. 
 de die in diem (Lat.), 
 
 continuously ; abbr. de d, 
 
 ind. 
 Dediicatlon (Ger. f.), the 
 
 dedication (cap.). 
 dSdit (Fr. m.), penalty for 
 
 breach of contract, re- 
 tractation, 
 deducible*, wo/ -cable, 
 deemster*, not demp-. 
 def., defendant, defined, 
 
 definite, definition, 
 defaceable*, mo/ -cable. 
 de facto* (Lat.), really. 
 defecat/e*, -or*, not defae-. 
 dSfectueux (Fr. typ.), 
 
 spoiled. 
 defectus sanguinis (law), 
 
 failure of issue. 
 defelct (Ger. typ.), spoiled ; 
 
 Defektbogen, imperfect 
 
 sheets. 
 defence*, not -se. 
 defendant, abbr. def. 
 defense] d*afficlier (Fr.), 
 
 stick no bills ; —d'entrer, 
 
 no admittance. 
 defensible*, not -ceable, 
 
 -sable, 
 defensor*, not -cer, -sen 
 defensor fidei (Lat.), De- 
 fender of the Faith ; abbr. 
 
 D.F. 
 defer/*, -enoe*, -red*, 
 
 -rer*, -ring*. 
 difets (Fr. typ. m. pi.), 
 
 waste sheets. 
 de fide* (Lat.), authentic. 
 
 definable*, mo/ -cable. 
 
 defin/ed, -ite, -ition ; 
 abbr. def. 
 
 definitjum (Lat.), a thing 
 defined ; pi. -a. 
 
 deflate*, to remove air. 
 
 defle/ct*, to bend down- 
 wards ; -xed*, -xion*. 
 
 deflower*, not -ore, -our. 
 
 Defoe (Daniel), 1661- 
 173 1, writer, not de Foe. 
 
 deg., degree. 
 
 dSgagji* (Fr. m.), /em. 
 -Se*, unconstrained. 
 
 dSgager (Fr. typ.), to un- 
 lock a forme or galley. 
 
 d*SgaI k Sgal (Fr.), on 
 equal terms. 
 
 digoUt (Fr. m.), disgust. 
 
 degree, 69 statute, or 60 
 geog. miles, also part of 
 circle ; sign °, abbr. d., or 
 deg. 
 
 degrees of/ inclination 
 (typ.), to be in words, as 
 "an angle of forty-five 
 degrees " ; temper- 
 ature, to be in figures, as 
 70° F. {see also titles of 
 honour). 
 
 dej liaut en 6as*(Fr.), con- 
 temptuously ; — haute 
 lutte, with a high hand. 
 
 Dehli, India, use Delhi. 
 
 deliors* (Fr.), foreign to ; 
 (law) outside. 
 
 Deianeira, wife of Her- 
 cules, also an asteroid. 
 
 Deij gratia, by the grace 
 of God ; abbr. D.G. ; — 
 judiciunty the judgment 
 of God {see also Deo). 
 
 Deity (the Christian) 
 (typ.), synonyms and 
 pronouns to have initial 
 caps., as Christ, Dominus, 
 Father, God, He, Him, 
 Himself, His, Jehovah, 
 Lord, Me, Mine, the Deity, 
 Thee, Thine, Thy, Who, 
 Whom. 
 dSjeunerj* (Fr.m.), break- 
 fast ; — a la four- 
 cbette*j luncheon. 
 88 
 
DE JURE — DENHOIiME 
 
 de Jure* (Lat.), by right. 
 
 Del., Delaware (off. abbr.). 
 
 del., delegate, delineavit (he, 
 or she, drew it). 
 
 Delacroix (Eugdne), 
 1799-1863, Fr. painter. 
 
 Delambre(J.B. J.), 1749- 
 1822, astr. (one word). 
 
 de la Rain6e (Louise), 
 pen-name *'Ouida." 
 
 Delaware, off. abbr. Del. 
 
 De La Warr (Earl). 
 
 deleatur* (Lat.), omit; 
 abbr. dele, or IT. To de- 
 lete anything in a proof, 
 mark it through with ink, 
 and write in the margin 
 opposite, ST. 
 
 delegate, abbr. del. 
 
 delenda* (Lat.), things to 
 be deleted. 
 
 delf*, Dutch glazed earthen- 
 ware, not delft. 
 
 Delft, Holland ; prott. del'- 
 eft. 
 
 Delhi, N. India, not Dehli, 
 Delli ; pron. d6ld. 
 
 deliberate on preferred, 
 but also upon, about, con- 
 cerning. 
 
 delicatesse*, delicacy (not 
 ital.); in Fr. f. dillca- 
 tesse. 
 
 dSliS (Fr. typ. m.), the serif. 
 
 dSlier (Fr. typ.), to untie. 
 
 delineavit (Lat.), he, or 
 she, drew it ; abbr. del, 
 
 delirium/*, pi. -s* ; — 
 tremens, abbr. d.t. (not 
 ital.). 
 
 De Lisle (Baron), pron. 
 de lyl. 
 
 dSIit (Fr. m.), a transgres- 
 sion. 
 
 Delitzsch (Pranz), 18 13- 
 90, Hebraist ; — 
 
 (Priedrich), 1850-, 
 
 Assyriologist. 
 
 delivered, abbr. dd. 
 
 deliverer*, not -or. 
 
 de luxe (Fr.), luxurious. 
 
 Delyannis (Theodore), 
 1826-1905, Gr. statesman. 
 
 dem/ain, use -esne*. 
 
 demarcate*, not demark-. 
 
 demeanour*. 
 
 dSmenti (Fr. m.), contra- 
 diction. 
 
 dementia* {not ital.). 
 
 demesne*, not -ain. 
 
 demeure (Fr. f.), dwelling. 
 
 demil-feuitle (Fr. typ. f.), a 
 half-sheet ; — -tnonde*, 
 prostitutes (ital. , hyphen) ; 
 saison, spring or au- 
 tumn fabric. >• 
 
 demise *, not -ize. #'' 
 
 demobilize*, not -isK 
 
 democrat/, -ic, abbr. D. 
 
 democratiz/e*, to render 
 democratic ; -er*. 
 
 Democrit/us, -ean*. 
 
 dSmod]i(Fr.),fem. -6e, out 
 of fashion, 
 
 demoiselle*, young lady 
 (not ital.). 
 
 Demoivre(A.), 1667-1754, 
 mathematician (one word) . 
 
 demon., demonstrative. 
 
 demonetize*, to divest of 
 value as currency, not 
 -ise. 
 
 demon/ic*, -ize*, notdse-. 
 
 demoralize*, not -ise. 
 
 de mortuis nil nisi bo- 
 nam (Lat.), speak well 
 of the dead. 
 
 demos*, the people (not 
 ital.). 
 
 dempster, use deem-*. 
 
 demy*, a scholar at Mag- 
 dalen Coll., Oxford ; 
 pron. de'my ; pi. demies*. 
 
 demy/ paper (typ.), pfon. 
 de-my. 
 
 — drawing, 20 x is^a in. 
 
 — printing, 22^2 x 17V2 
 
 — writing, 20 x 15^/3 
 Den., Denmark, 
 denar*, a coin, not -are. 
 denaryius* (Lat.), penny ; 
 
 pi. -li*, pence ; abbr. d. 
 denationalize*, not -ise. 
 dengue*, not — fever, 
 
 denga, -gey. 
 Denholm, Roxburgh. 
 Denholme, Yorks. 
 
 89 
 
DENMARK — DESIDERATUM 
 
 Denmark, abbr. Den. {see 
 also Assemblies). 
 
 dSnouement* (Fr. m.), 
 unravelling, noi denoum-. 
 
 de nouveau (Fr.), afresh. 
 
 de novo* (Lat.), afresh. 
 
 denshire*, to burn stubble, 
 not -her. 
 
 dent., dental, -ist, -istry. 
 
 dentalize*, to make dental, 
 not -ise. 
 
 dentelle*, lace. 
 
 dentil*, a moulding with 
 cubes, not -el, -ile. 
 
 deodoriz/e*, «o/-ise; -er*. 
 
 Deoj favente (Lat.), with 
 God's favour; — gratias, 
 thanks to God ; — vo- 
 lente, God willing, abbr. 
 D.V. {see also Dei). 
 
 de omnibus rebus (Lat.), 
 concerning all things. 
 
 de omni sc/6i// (Lat.), con- 
 cerning every knowable 
 thing. 
 
 deoxidiz/e *, not -ise ; -er *. 
 
 deoxygenize*, to deprive 
 of oxygen, not -ise. 
 
 dep., departs, deposed, 
 deputy. 
 
 d6p. (Fr.), departemeni (pro- 
 vince), depute {A&'gwX.y). 
 
 de par le roi (Fr.), in the 
 king's name. 
 
 dSpartement (Fr. m.), 
 province ; abbr. d§p. 
 
 department, abbr. dept. 
 
 departmentalize*, not -ise. 
 
 depauperize*, wa^ -ise. 
 
 depeclie (Fr. f.), message. 
 
 dependable*, not -ible. 
 
 depend/ent* (noun), 
 
 -ence*, -ent* (adj.), not 
 -ant. 
 
 Depew (Chauncey M.), 
 1834-, Amer. politician. 
 
 dephosphorize*, not -ise. 
 
 depicter*, not -or. 
 
 depilatory*, hair remov- 
 ing, or remover. 
 
 de pis en pis (Fr.), from 
 bad to worse. 
 
 depIacS (Fr.), out of place. 
 
 de piano (law), clearly. 
 
 de plein gr6 (Fr.), volun- 
 tarily. 
 
 deponent, abbr. dpt. 
 
 depopularize*, «o/ -ise. 
 
 deposed, abbr. dep. 
 
 depositary*, a person. 
 
 depository*, a place. 
 
 depot*, in Fr. m. dSpdt. 
 
 depressible*. 
 
 de proprio motu (Lat.), 
 spontaneously. 
 
 dept., department. 
 
 dSputS, a member of the 
 lower French Chamber. 
 
 deputy/, abbr. dep. ; — 
 -consul, D.C.; Deputy- 
 Lieutenant, D.L.* 
 
 De Quincey (Thomas), 
 1 785-1859, writer. 
 
 der., derivation, -ive, -ived. 
 
 <f^ra/i^/^(Fr.),outof order ; 
 -ementy confusion. 
 
 derangeable*. 
 
 Derbyshire, abbr. Derby. 
 
 de rdgle (Fr.), in order. 
 
 de rigueur* {Fr.), accord- 
 ing to etiquette. 
 
 derisible*. 
 
 deriv/ation, -ative, -ed ; 
 abbr. der. 
 
 derm*, <ferm/a*, -is*, the 
 skin. 
 
 dernier]* (Fr.), last; — 
 ressort*, a last resource. 
 
 D6roulMe (Paul), 1846-, 
 writer, politician. 
 
 derring do *, daringaction, 
 not — doe (no hyphen). 
 
 dervish*, not -is (notital.). 
 
 des (Fr.),ofthe (/>/.). 
 
 d^S (Fr.), since. 
 
 dSsagrementj (Fr. m.), un- 
 pleasantness ; pi. -S. 
 
 Desart (Earl o/),a/5oDy-. 
 
 descendant*, not -ent. 
 
 desert*, a wilderness ; to 
 abandon {see also des- 
 sert). 
 
 desert/ed, -er, abbr. d. 
 
 deshabille, not dis-; in 
 Fr. m. dSshabillS. 
 
 desiccate*, not dess-. 
 
 desiderat/um*, something 
 desired ;/>/. -a*(not ital.). 
 
 90 
 
DESIIiVEBIZE — DPT. 
 
 desilverize*, to extract 
 
 silver from, not -ise. 
 desirable *, not -eable. 
 desistanee*, not -ence. 
 desition*, ending. 
 desoeuvrl6*{Yv.)yfgm. -Se, 
 
 unoccupied ; -etnent* 
 
 (m.), lack of occupation, 
 desolator*, not -er. 
 de son Stat {Fr.), by trade. 
 dSsorlentIS (Fr.), fem. -Se, 
 
 confused as to direction, 
 despatch, use dis-*. 
 desperado/*, a desperate 
 
 man ; pi. -es (not ital.). 
 despiritualize*, not -ise. 
 despise*, not dis-. 
 despotize*, to act the 
 
 despot, not -ise. 
 dessein (Fr. m.), design, 
 dessert*, a dinner course 
 
 {see also desert), 
 dessertspoonful/, //. -s, 
 
 two drams (one word). 
 dessicate, use desicc-*. 
 dessin (Fr. m.), drawing. 
 dessoasj (Fr.), below, un- 
 der ; — des cartes, a 
 
 secret. 
 dessus (Fr.), on, upon, 
 
 (mus.) soprano. 
 destraj (It.), right-hand 
 
 side, abbr. d. ; — mano, 
 
 the right hand, abbr.D.M. 
 destructor*, not -er. 
 desuetude*, /row. des'wS- 
 
 tude ; in Fr. f. desuS-. 
 desulphuriz/e*, not -ise. 
 desuntj cetera (Lat.), the 
 
 rest wanting ; — multa, 
 
 many things are wanting. 
 Detaille (J. B. :fi.), 1848-, 
 
 Fr. painter (no accent). 
 detant*, part of a gun-lock 
 
 {see also detent), 
 detector, not -er. 
 detent*, a catch {see also 
 
 detant). 
 dStenuj* (Fr.), few. -e*, 
 
 one detained in custody. 
 deterrent*, not -ant. 
 detonat/e *, -or*, 
 detour*, in Fr. m. dStour. 
 detract/or*, /em. -ress. 
 
 detritus*, debris (not ital.). 
 de trop* (Fr.), not wanted. 
 Dens/ (Lat), God, abbr. D. ; 
 
 — avertat I God for- 
 bid ! — dety God grant ; 
 
 — ex machina, "a god 
 from a machine," from 
 Gr. theatre where one was 
 shown at an elevation to 
 work humanly insoluble 
 problems ; — miserea- 
 tur, God be merciful. 
 
 Deuteronomy, abbr. 
 
 Deut. 
 
 deuX'temps* (Fr. m. sing, 
 and pi.), waltz. 
 
 develop/*, -ment*, noi-pe. 
 
 devest^ use divest*. 
 
 deviat/e*, -or*, not -er. 
 
 devil (typ.), cap. for Devil 
 of the Bible, not cap. when 
 an expletive. 
 
 deviling*, a young devil. 
 
 devilling*, working as a 
 hack. 
 
 devilry*, not -try. 
 
 De Vinne (Theodore 
 Low), 1828-, Amer. 
 printer and writer ; pron. 
 vin'6. 
 
 devise*, not -ize. 
 
 devis/ee*, -or*, the cor- 
 relatives, not -er {see also 
 di-). 
 
 devitalize*, to render life- 
 less, not -ise. 
 
 devocalize*, to make 
 voiceless, not -ise. 
 
 devoir*, an act of civility 
 (not itah). 
 
 Devonshire.abbr. Devon. 
 
 dSvotI (Fr.), /em. -e, a de- 
 votee. 
 
 Dewey (Melvil), Amer. 
 bibliographer. 
 
 dexterous*, wo/-trous. 
 
 dextra (Lat.), right. 
 
 D.F., defensor fidei (Defen- 
 der of the Faith), Dean 
 of Faculty. 
 
 D.F.M.S., Domestic and 
 Foreign Missionary So- 
 ciety. 
 
 dft., draft. 
 
 91 
 
D.G. — DIKE 
 
 D.G.*, Dei gratia (by the 
 grace of God), Deo 
 gratias (thanks to God), 
 Director-General, Dra- 
 goon Guards. 
 
 dg., decigram. 
 
 d.h. (Ger.), das heisst (that 
 is to say). 
 
 dhobi*, Ind. washerman. 
 
 dhooly, use doolie*. 
 
 dhoti*, a Hindu's loin- 
 cloth, not -ee, -ootie. 
 
 dhow*, an Arab vessel, 
 not daou, daw, dow. 
 
 Dhuleep, use Du-. 
 
 dhurrie*, Indian carpet, 
 not durrie. 
 
 D.Hy., Doctor of Hygiene. 
 
 Di* (chem.), didymium. 
 
 «/./. (Ger.), das ist (that 
 is). 
 
 diablerie*, devilry, not-ry 
 (not ital.). 
 
 diachylon*, a plaster, noi 
 -um, -culum. 
 
 diaconate *, office of 
 deacon, not de-. 
 
 diaeresis* (typ.), the sign 
 ( " ) over the second of two 
 vowels to show that they 
 are to be sounded separ- 
 ately. It may be omitted 
 when the vowels are di- 
 vided by the end of the 
 line. Not die- ; pron. 
 di-er'e-sis. 
 
 diagnoa/is*, pi. -es*. 
 
 dialect/ *,-al*, -ic*, -ical*; 
 abbr. dial. 
 
 dialling*, not dialing. 
 
 dialogize*, to discuss, noi 
 -ise, -uize. 
 
 dialys/e* (chem.), -er*, 
 not -ize ; -is*, pi. -es*. 
 
 diameter, abbr. diam. 
 
 diamond/ dash (typ.), 
 type, 
 
 the nnaUest regularly east, four and a half 
 point, sixteen lines to the inch, as this. 
 
 diapason normal* (mus.), 
 
 Fr. standard pitch. 
 diarrhoea*, not -ea. 
 Diatessaron*, a harmony 
 
 of the four Gospels. 
 
 diathes/is*, a habit of body, * 
 
 pl. -es*; ptvH. dy-ath'- 
 
 e-sis. 
 dichotomize*, to divide 
 
 into two parts, mo/ -ise. 
 Dichter (Ger. m.), a poet 
 
 (cap.). 
 **Diehtung und Wahr- 
 
 heit," by Goethe, not 
 
 W- und D-. 
 Dicksee (Frank), 1853-, 
 
 painter. 
 dicky*, not -ey. 
 diet., dictator, dictionary, 
 dictionnaire (Fr. m., two 
 
 «'s), dictionary, 
 dict/um*, a saying;/)/. -a*. 
 dictum sapienti (Lat.), a 
 
 word to the wise, 
 didactyl*, two-fingered, 
 
 not -le. 
 Diderot (Denis), 1713-84, 
 
 Fr. writer. 
 didn't (typ.), to be close up. 
 didst (no apos.). 
 didymium*, symbol Di*. 
 diecious, use dice- *. 
 died, abbr. d. {see also 
 
 dagger), 
 dieresis, use diae- *. 
 cf/es/*(Lat.),day ,—fausti, 
 
 auspicious days ; — in- 
 
 fausti, inauspicious days ; 
 
 — ir3£*, day of wrath. 
 dieslis* (typ.), the double 
 
 dagger J ; pl. -es. 
 dies I Juridicus* (Lat.), a 
 day on which courts sit ; 
 
 — nefasti, blank days ; 
 
 — non* (law), a day 
 when no business is done. 
 
 Dieu et man droit, God 
 and my right (Eng. royal 
 motto). 
 
 differ/, -ence, abbr. dif. 
 
 different /"row, not to, with. 
 
 differentija*, adistinguish- 
 ing mark ; pl. -as*, 
 
 digestible *, not -able. 
 
 digraph, see diphthongs. 
 
 diil majores (Lat.), men of 
 the first rank ; — minores, 
 men of the second rank. 
 
 dike*, not dyke. 
 
 9a 
 
DUiATABIiE — DISHARMOTTIZE 
 
 dilatable*, not -cable. 
 
 dilatation*, "more correct 
 than dilation " (O.E.D.). 
 
 dilator* noi -er. 
 
 dilemina/*,;&/.-s(notital.). 
 
 dilettant/e* (It.), a lover of 
 the fine arts ; //. -i*. 
 
 diligence*, a stage-coach 
 (not ital.). 
 
 diluvi/uni*(geol.), aqueous 
 deposit ; pi. -a (ital.). 
 
 D.I.M., District Inspector 
 of Musketry. 
 
 dim., dimidiunt (one-half), 
 diminutive. 
 
 dime* (U.S.A.), ten cents ; 
 abbr. d. 
 
 diminuendo* (It. mus.), 
 less loud ; abbr. dim, 
 
 Dinan,dep.C6tes-du-Nord. 
 
 Dinant, Belgium. 
 
 Dinard, Brittany. 
 
 dindonj (Fr. m.), a turkey; 
 -neau, turkey poult. 
 
 dinerj (Fr.), to dine, (m.) 
 dinner; — parcceur, to 
 go dinnerless. 
 
 dinghy*, small boat, not 
 -gey, -gy. 
 
 dining-room* (hyphen). 
 
 dioces/e, -an ; abbr. dioc. 
 
 dioecious* (bot.), not die-. 
 
 Diogenes Laertius, 
 
 about A.D. 200. 
 
 dionym*, a binomial 
 name, as Homo sapiens. 
 
 Dionysius, of Syracuse. 
 
 Dionysus, Gr. god Bacchus. 
 
 diopter*, lens measure, in 
 Lat. dioptra ; abbr. d. 
 
 Dioscuri (the). Castor and 
 Pollux. 
 
 diphtheria*, not dipth-. 
 
 diphthongize*, to turn 
 into a diphthong, «o/-ise. 
 
 diphthongs (typ.), ^, se, 
 (E, ce, for single sounds, 
 are in England employed 
 in English, French, 
 Greek, Latin, and Old- 
 English words, instead 
 of the separate letters ae, 
 oe. ae and oe should be 
 restricted to works for 
 
 classical scholars and stu- 
 dents (see also German). 
 
 diplomat*, a diplomatist ; 
 abbr. dipl. (not ital.). 
 
 diplomate*, one holding a 
 diploma ; in Fr. dipIdmS. 
 
 diplomatize*, not -ise. 
 
 dipsomania/*, -c*. 
 
 Director- General, abbr. 
 D.G. 
 
 directress *, a female 
 director, not -oress, -trix. 
 
 dis., discipline, discount, 
 (typ.) distribute. 
 
 dis aiiter visum (Lat.), 
 the gods have thought 
 otherwise. 
 
 disarrangement*, not 
 -groent. 
 
 disburden*, not -then. 
 
 disbursement*, not 
 
 -sment. 
 
 disc, use disk*. 
 
 disc, discovered, -er. 
 
 discern/*, to see; -ible*, 
 not -able {see also 
 decern). 
 
 disciplinary*, not -ery. 
 
 discipline, abbr. dis. 
 
 discipular*, disciple-like. 
 
 discoboljus *, a disk-throw- 
 er, not -ulus ; pi. -i*. 
 
 discoloration*, not dis- 
 colour-. 
 
 discolour/*, -ed *, -ment*, 
 not discolor. 
 
 discomfit/*, -ed*, -ing*. 
 
 disconnexion*, wo^-ction. 
 
 discount, abbr. dis. 
 
 discover/ed, -er ; abbr. 
 disc. 
 
 discreet*, judicious. 
 
 discrete*, separate. 
 
 disenthral/*, not -enthrall, 
 -inthral, -inthrall ; -led *, 
 -ment *. 
 
 disenthron/e*, not disin- ; 
 -ing*, -ement*. 
 
 disfavour*, not -vor. 
 
 disfranchise*, not -ize. 
 
 disguis/e*, -er*. 
 
 dishabille, use de- ; in 
 Fr. m. dSsliabillS, 
 
 disharmonize*, «o/ -ise. 
 
 93 
 
DISHEVELIiED — DIVISOR 
 
 dishevelled*, not -eled. 
 
 disillusionize*, not -ise. 
 
 disinthral, use disen-*. 
 
 disinthrone, use disen-*. 
 
 disjecta membra * (Lat.)^ 
 scattered remains, but 
 "disjecti membra poetae " 
 (Horace). 
 
 disk*, not disc. 
 
 dislodgment*, not -ement. 
 
 dismissible*, not -able. 
 
 disorganiz/e*, -er*, Mo/-ise. 
 
 dispatch/*, -er*, not des-. 
 
 dispensable*, not -ible. 
 
 dispensary*, abbr. disp. 
 
 dispise, use des-*. 
 
 Disraeli (B.), 1804-81, 
 Earl of Beaconsfield. 
 
 d' Israeli (Isaac), 1766- 
 1848, writer, father of 
 above. 
 
 disseis/e*, to dispossess 
 wrongfully, not-ze ; -ee*, 
 -in*, -or*, -oress*. 
 
 Dissenter (cap.). 
 
 dissertation, abbr. diss. 
 
 disslpl6 (Fr.), /em. -Se, 
 dissipated. 
 
 dissoluble*, Mo/-uable. 
 
 dissolvable*, «o^-ible. 
 
 dissyllable, use disy-*. 
 
 dist., distance, distinguish, 
 -ed, district. 
 
 distastable*, woZ-eable. 
 
 distension*, «o/-tion. 
 
 distil*, not -ill. 
 
 distinction (titles of) 
 (typ.), as F.R.S., LL.D., 
 are usually put in large 
 caps. Even s.caps. often 
 improve general effect. 
 
 distlngujS* (Fr.),/em..Se, 
 distinguished. 
 
 distinguish/, -ed; abbr. 
 dist. 
 
 Dist. R., District Railway 
 (London). 
 
 distrait/ *,^w. -e, absent- 
 minded (not ital.). 
 
 distribute (typ.), to put 
 back each letter and space 
 into its proper compart- 
 ment in the cases; abbr. 
 diB« 
 
 distributing machine 
 (typ.), one for distributing 
 type. 
 
 district, abbr. dist. 
 
 District/ Court, — of Co- 
 lumbia, abbr. D.C. ; — 
 Railway, D.R.; —Re- 
 gistry, D.R. 
 
 disyllab/le*, -ic*, -ize*, 
 of two syllables, not 
 diss-. 
 
 ditto*, abbr. do. 
 
 dittogram* (typ.), a letter 
 repeated by mistake. 
 
 div., divide, -d, dividend, 
 divine, division, divisor, 
 Fr. divers (diverse). 
 
 divde, (Fr. m.), dividende 
 (dividend). 
 
 diverticul/um *, a by- 
 way ; pi. -a*. 
 
 divertimentjo* (It.), akind 
 of ballet, pi. ./*; also 
 (Fr.) divertissement*. 
 
 divest*, not de-. 
 
 divid/e, -ed, -end, divi- 
 sion, divisor ; abbr. 
 div. ; sign for divide -7-. 
 
 divide et Impera (Lat.), 
 divide and govern. 
 
 " DIvIna Commedla,** 
 1300-18, by Dante, not 
 Come-. 
 
 Divine (typ.), when used 
 directly of the Deity cap. 
 D ; abbr. div. 
 
 Divine Spirit, as title of 
 Deity (caps.). 
 
 DIvIs (Ger. typ. n.), the 
 hyphen, 
 
 division of words : never 
 separate a group of letters 
 representing a single 
 sound; and so divide a 
 word that each part 
 retains its present sound. 
 Examples : at-mos- 
 
 phere, con-di-tion,cred-it- 
 able, de-light-ful, de-sert 
 (abandon), des-sert (after 
 dinner), di-shev-el, mul- 
 ti-pli-ca-tion, pho-tog-ra- 
 phy, sub-trac-tion. 
 
 divisor* (math.), a factor. 
 
 94 
 
DIVORCifi — DOIiAR 
 
 divorcjS (Ft.), fern, '6e, a 
 divorced person. 
 
 Dixie's Ijand, the South- 
 ern States, U.S.A. 
 
 djinn, use]-*. 
 
 D.Ii.*, Deputy-Lieutenant; 
 D.L.I., Durham Light 
 Infantry; D. Lit.*, Doc- 
 tor of Literature ; but 
 Litt.D., Doctor of Let- 
 ters ; D.L.O., Dead Let- 
 ter OflSce, «oz«; Returned 
 
 ; D.L.S. (U.S.A.), 
 
 Doctor of Library Science. 
 
 D.M., Deputy Master, 
 Doctor of Medicine 
 (Oxford), (Fr.) Docteur 
 en Medecine (Doctor of 
 Medicine), (It. mus.) 
 destra mano (the right 
 hand). 
 
 D.N., Dominus nosier (our 
 Lord). 
 
 D.N.B., Dictionary of Na- 
 tional Biography. 
 
 Dnieper River, S. Russia, 
 not -pr, Dnyepr. 
 
 Dniester River, S. Rus- 
 sia, not -tr, Dnyestr. 
 
 D.N.P.P., Dominus Noster 
 Papa Pontifex (Our Lord 
 the Pope). 
 
 D.O. (U.S.A.), Doctor of 
 Oratory. 
 
 do., ditto, the same. 
 
 doat, use dote*. 
 
 doc, documents. 
 
 Docent (Ger.), a university 
 teacher, now Doz-. 
 
 docket*, -ed*, -ing*. 
 
 dockyard* (one word). 
 
 Doctor/, abbr. D., or Dr. ; 
 — of Canon Law, 
 D.Cn.L. ; — Civil Law, 
 D.C.L. ; — Dental Sur- 
 gery, D.D.S. ; — Divin- 
 ity, D.D. ; —Hygiene, 
 D.Hy. ; — Letters, 
 Litt.D. ; — Library 
 Science (U.S.A.), 
 
 D.L.S. ; — Literature, 
 D.Lit. ; — Medicine 
 (Oxford), D.M. ; — 
 Music, D.Mus., or 
 
 Mus.Doc.; Doctor of 
 Oratory (U.S.A.), D.O.; 
 
 — PhUosophy, Ph.D., 
 or D.Ph. ; — Science, 
 D.Sc. ; — Theology, 
 D.Th. ; — University 
 of Paris, Dr. Univ. 
 Par.; — Veterinary 
 Medicine (U.S.A.), 
 D.V.M. ; — Zoology, 
 D.Z. 
 
 Doctors* Commons*, 
 London (apos.). 
 
 doctress*, not -oress. 
 
 doctrinaire* (not ital.). 
 
 doctrinize*, to theorize, 
 not -ise. 
 
 documents (typ.), to be 
 an exact reprint; abbr. 
 doc. 
 
 Doddington, Cambs, 
 
 Kent, Northumb., North- 
 ants (see also Dodi-). 
 
 Doderlein (Ludwig), 
 1791-1863, philologist. 
 
 Dodington, Somerset {see 
 also Dodd-). 
 
 dogana* (It. f.), custom- 
 house. 
 
 dogate*, office of doge, 
 not -eate (not ital.). 
 
 dog-days* (hyphen). 
 
 doge*, chief magistrate 
 of Venice (not ital.). 
 
 doggerel*, «o^-grel. 
 
 dogma/*, pi. -s*. 
 
 dogmatize*, not -ise. 
 
 dog's letter*, R. 
 
 Dohndnyi (E. von), 
 18 7 7-, pianist. 
 
 Dohrn (Anton), 1840-, 
 zoologist. 
 
 doily*, a napkin, not -ey, 
 doyley, -ly, d'oyley, -le. 
 
 dol., dollar. 
 
 dolcej far nlente* (It.), 
 delightful idleness ; — 
 maniera, — manners ; — 
 'piccante, bitter-sweet. 
 
 doleful *, not -11. 
 
 dollar/, abbr. d., or dol. ; 
 
 — mark (t3'p.), %, to be 
 before, and close up to, the 
 figures, as $50. 
 
 95 
 
DOLIiINGEK — DOUBLE 
 
 Dollinger (J. J. I.), 1799- 
 
 1890, theologian. 
 Dollond (J.), 1706-61, 
 
 optician, not -and. 
 dolorous*, 6w/ dolour*. 
 D.O.M., Deo Optimo 
 
 ntaxitno (To God the best 
 
 and greatest). 
 Dom (Ger.), cathedral ; 
 
 (Russ.) house; (Port.) 
 
 title of nobility, also title 
 
 of certain monks, as Dom 
 
 Gasquet ; not Don. 
 dom., domestic, dominion. 
 Domenichino, or Dome- 
 
 nico Zampieri, 1581- 
 
 1641, painter. 
 "Domesday Book*," not 
 
 Dooms- ; abbr. D.B. 
 dom.estic, abbr. dom. 
 Domine dirlge nos (Lat.), 
 
 Lord, direct us (motto 
 of the City of London). 
 
 Dominica, Haiti, in Sp. 
 
 San Domingo. 
 dominical ad palmas. 
 
 Palm Sunday ; — de 
 
 Passione, Passion — ; 
 
 — dies, Sunday ; — in 
 
 albiSf Low — . 
 dominie*(old Sc), teacher, 
 
 preacher, 
 dominion, abbr. dom. 
 Dominion Day*, Canada, 
 
 1 July, 
 domino/*, pi. -es*. 
 Dominusj (Lat.), Lord ; 
 
 abbr. D. ; — noster, our 
 
 Lord, D.N. 
 Domus Procerum (law), 
 
 the House of Lords ; abbr. 
 
 D.P., or Dom. Proc. 
 Donegal, Ireland. 
 Donegal! (Marquess of). 
 Donizetti (Gr.), 1797- 
 
 1848, composer. 
 donna* (It.), a lady (ital.). 
 Donne (John), 1573- 
 
 163 1, poet, 
 don't (typ.), to be close up, 
 doolie* (Ind.), a litter, not 
 
 dhooley, -lie, -ly, dooly. 
 «« Doomsday Book," use 
 
 Domesday — *. 
 
 96 
 
 doorshek (Arab. ), Moham- 
 medan prayer-carpet. 
 
 dopo Cristo (It.), a.d. ; 
 abbr. d.C. 
 
 Doppelpunkt (Ger. m.), 
 the colon. 
 
 Dor., Doric. 
 
 Dore (P. Gustavo), 1833- 
 83, painter. 
 
 dormeuse* (Fr. f.), a 
 settee, nightcap, travel- 
 ling sleeping carriage. 
 
 dormy* (golf), not -ie. 
 
 d'Orsay (A.G.G., count), 
 1801-52, ''the last dandy." 
 
 Dorset, not Dorsetshire. 
 
 Dory (John), fish, not 
 -ey. 
 
 dosage* (med.), not -cage. 
 
 dose (med.), abbr. d. 
 
 dosiology*, science of 
 doses, not dosol-. 
 
 dossier*, papers referring 
 to some matter (not ital.). 
 
 Dostoieffeky (F. M.), 
 1818-81, Russ. writer. 
 
 dot/e*, to show great love, 
 not doat ; -age*. 
 
 dotterel*, plover, «o^-trel. 
 
 Douai, dep. Nord, not 
 -y ; but Douay Bible. 
 
 douane* (Fr. f.), customs ; 
 abbr. d. 
 
 double (typ.), a word, etc., 
 erroneously repeated. 
 
 doubljS (Fr.), /em. -Se, 
 lined. 
 
 double-barrelled*, not 
 -eled (hyphen). 
 
 double-bass (mus.) (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 double (approximate sizes 
 of unfolded) — 
 
 — crown paper,3o x zoin. 
 
 — demy, 35 x 22I/2 
 
 — elephant, 40 x 27 
 
 — foolscapprinting,27 x 17 
 writing, 27x17 
 
 — imperial, 44 x 30 
 
 — large cards, 6 x 4^2 
 
 — post, 31V2X19V2 
 
 — royal, 40 x 25 
 
 — small cards, 4^/4 x 378 
 
 — (see also books, paper). 
 
DOUBLE — DRAWBACK 
 
 D double english 
 type, 28-point, 
 2^/3 lines to an 
 inch, as this 
 initial. 
 double entente {an mot 
 k) (Fr.), a word with two 
 meanings, not entendre. 
 
 D double par- 
 agon type, 
 40-point,7/'in 
 depth, as this 
 initial. 
 
 D double pica tjrpe, 
 24-point, 3I/3 Hnes 
 to an inch, as this 
 
 initial. 
 doublure* (Fr. typ. f.), 
 
 ornamental lining to a 
 
 book-cover. 
 douceur* (Fr.f.),agratuity. 
 douche* (not ital.). 
 dough (naut), a pudding, 
 
 use duff*. 
 Doukhobors, use Duk-. 
 douse*, to drench with 
 
 water {see also dowse). 
 douzaine (Fr. f.), dozen; 
 
 abbr. dzne. 
 dovecot*, not -cote. 
 Dovedale, Derby. 
 dow, use dhow*, 
 dowager, abbr. dow. 
 Down, Ireland. 
 Downe (Viscount), 
 down/fall*, -stairs* (one 
 
 word). 
 dow^se*, to use a divining 
 
 rod {see also douse), 
 doyen*, the senior member 
 
 of a society (not ital.). 
 6.'aY\leY, -ie, use doily*, 
 doze *, to sleep, 
 dozen/, -s, abbr. doz. 
 Dozent (Ger. m.), a uni- 
 versity teacher, not now 
 
 Doc- (cap.). 
 D.P. (law), Domus Procer- 
 
 unt (the House of Lords); 
 
 D.P.H., Diploma in 
 
 Public Health; D.Ph., 
 
 Doctor of Philosophy, 
 
 usually Ph.D. ; D.P.O., 
 
 Distributing Post Office; 
 dpt., deponent. 
 
 D.B. (naut.), dead reckon- 
 ing. District Railway, 
 District Registry, (Ger.) 
 Deutsches Reich (German 
 Empire) ; Dr.*, debtor, 
 doctor ; dr., drachma (a 
 dram), dram, -s, drawer. 
 
 drachm, use dram*. 
 
 drachma/*, a dram, various 
 coins ; pi. -s*, abbr. dr. 
 
 draft*, a deduction in 
 weighing, a military party, 
 a money order, a rough 
 sketch ; to draw off, to 
 sketch ; abbr. dft. {see also 
 draught). 
 
 draftsman*, one who 
 drafts documents {see also 
 draughtsman) . 
 
 drag§e*, a sweetmeat con- 
 taining medicine, not -ge. 
 
 draggle-tail*, «o^ daggle-. 
 
 dragoman/* ; pi. -s*, not 
 -men (not ital.). 
 
 dragonnade*, Fr. Protes- 
 tant persecution in 1681, 
 not -onade, -oonade. 
 
 Dragoon Guards, abbr. 
 D.G. ; these are not 
 " Guardsmen." 
 
 draisine*, earliest bicycle, 
 181 8, not -sene, -snene. 
 
 dram*, sixty grains, one 
 teaspoonful, sixty minims, 
 not drachm ; pi. -s, abbr. 
 dr., sign x^. 
 
 dramat/ic, -ist, abbr. 
 dram. 
 
 dramatis per sonce*, abbr. 
 dram. pers. 
 
 dramatize*, not -ise. 
 
 draught*, act of drawing, 
 a take of fish, 20 lb. of 
 eels, act of drinking, a 
 dose, a vessel's depth in 
 water, a current of air, 
 liquor ''on draught" {see 
 also draft). 
 
 draughtsman*, one who 
 makes drawings, plans, 
 etc. (s^ga/5odraftsman). 
 
 drawback, abbr. dbk. 
 
 97 7 
 
DRAWER — DUMAS 
 
 drawer, abbr. dr. 
 
 drawing-rooiii*(hyphen). 
 
 Dred Scott, U.S. law case. 
 
 Dreibund (der), the Triple 
 Alliance. 
 
 dressmaking, abbr.dress. 
 
 driblet*, not dribb-. 
 
 dri/er*, -est*, 6m/ dryly*. 
 
 driven/ er*. -ing*(two/'s). 
 
 drizzling ^naut.), abbr. d. 
 
 droit* (Fr. ni.), moral and 
 legal right. 
 
 droite (Fr. f.), the right 
 hand ; abbr. d. 
 
 Drontheim, use Trond- 
 hjem. 
 
 dropped heads (typ.), 
 the first pages of chapters, 
 etc., beginning lower than 
 others. 
 
 droshky* (Russ.), a four- 
 wheeled vehicle, not -sky. 
 
 drought/*, -y*, aridity, not 
 drouth. 
 
 Drouyn de Lhuys (I.), 
 1805-81, Fr. statesman. 
 
 D.R,P., Deutsches Reichs- 
 patent (German patent) ; 
 Deutsche Reichspost (Ger. 
 Imperial post). 
 
 Druckl (Ger. typ. m.), a 
 proof; -er, a printer; 
 -fehler, s. and pi., mis- 
 print. 
 
 Drumlea, Newtown 
 Stewart. 
 
 Drumlee, Co. Down. 
 
 Dr. Univ. Par., Doctor of 
 the University of Paris. 
 
 drunkenness*, Mo/-eness. 
 
 Druse*, one of a Moham- 
 medan sect, not -ze. 
 
 dryasdust* (one word). 
 
 dryly*, 6m/ dri/er*, -est*. 
 
 d.S., days' sight, days after 
 sight ; D.Sc, Doctor of 
 Science ; D.S.O., Dis- 
 tinguished Service Order; 
 d.S.p., decessit sine prole 
 (died without issue) ; 
 d.s.q., discharged to sick 
 quarters. 
 
 D.T., "The Daily Tele- 
 graph." 
 
 d.t., delirium tremens. 
 
 D.Ter., Dakota Territory; 
 offic. abbr. Dak. 
 
 D.Th., Doctor of Theology. 
 
 Du., Dutch. 
 
 du (typ.), as prefix to a 
 proper name, in accord- 
 ance with continental 
 practice, should not have 
 initial cap., as du Chatelet, 
 except when anglicized. 
 Signatures to be copied. 
 
 dualize*, not -ise. 
 
 Dual Monarchy (caps.). 
 
 dub., dubitans (doubting), 
 dubius (dubious). 
 
 du Barry (M. J. G. de V., 
 comtesse), 1746-93. 
 
 Dublin, abbr. Dubl. 
 
 Dubois - Reymond 
 (Emil), 1818-96, physiol- 
 ogist, not du Bois. 
 
 due (Fr. m.), Duke (not 
 cap.). 
 
 duces tecum*, a subptena. 
 
 du ChaiUu (P. B.), 1837- 
 1904, traveller. 
 
 Duchesne, pron. duk'sn. 
 
 ductus, a duct ; pi. same. 
 
 duell/er*, -ing* (two Z's). 
 
 duello* (It.), a duel. 
 
 duenna* (not ital.). 
 
 due puttti (It. typ.), the 
 colon. 
 
 duff* (naut.), a pudding, 
 not dough. 
 
 Duguesclin(B.), 1314-80, 
 Fr. soldier. 
 
 Duke, abbr. D. ; in Fr. 
 due (not cap.). 
 
 Duke of York's School, 
 soldiers' orphan asylum. 
 
 Dukhobors, Russian sect, 
 not Douk-. 
 
 Duleep Singh, not Dhu- 
 leep, Dulip. 
 
 dullness*, «o/ dulness. 
 
 Dulong and Petit (law 
 of) (physics). 
 
 Dumas (Davy de la 
 Pailleterie — ••Alex- 
 andre"), 1803-70, Fr. 
 writer ; — (Alexandre), 
 his son, 1824-95, also 
 
 58 
 
DUMAS — D.ZUa 
 
 writer ; Dtiinas (J. B.)> 
 
 1800-84, chemist. 
 Du Maurier (George 
 
 Ii.P.B.), 1834-96, artist. 
 Dumbarton, not Dun-, 
 dumb-bell* (hyphen). 
 dumbfound/*, -ed*,-er*, 
 
 not dumf-. 
 dum sola (law), while 
 
 unmarried. 
 Dunblane, not Dum-. 
 dun cow* (Devon), a ray 
 
 fish. 
 Dunelm., signature Bp. of 
 
 Durham (full point). 
 dungaree*, coarse calico, 
 
 not -eree. 
 duniwassal* (Sc), a 
 
 Highland gentleman, not 
 
 dunni-. 
 Dunkirk, d^p. Nord ; in 
 
 Fr. Dunkerque. 
 Dunn (Sir W.), 1833-. 
 Dunne (Sir J.), 1825- 
 Dunnottar Castle, Kin- 
 cardine (two «'s and fs). 
 Duns Scotus (Johan- 
 nes), 1265 or 1274-1308, 
 
 metaphysician. 
 duodecimo* (typ.), 7^2 x 
 
 4^/2 in., abbr. 12mo (no 
 
 point). 
 Duodez (Ger. typ. n.), 
 
 i2mo. 
 Dupuytren (G., baron), 
 
 1777-1835, anatomist. 
 durchscbiessen (Ger. 
 
 typ. ), to lead or space ; 
 
 durcbscbossen, leaded 
 
 (type), interleaved 
 
 (books) ; Durchschussef 
 
 leads; durcbseben, to 
 
 revise. 
 Diirer (Albrecht), 1471- 
 
 1528, German painter ; 
 
 Dureresque*, his style. 
 duress*, constraint, «o/-e. 
 Durham, abbr. Dur. 
 durrie, use dhurrie *. 
 Dussek (J. L.), 1 761-1 812, 
 
 composer. 
 
 Diisseldor^ Germany. 
 Dutch/, abbr. Du. ; — 
 
 alphabet (typ.), same 
 
 as English. No accented 
 
 or marked letters, ij = 
 
 Eng. y ; — paper, van 
 
 Gelder's, hand-made in 
 
 Holland, 
 duumvir/*, magistrate ; 
 
 Eng. pi. -s*. 
 dux (Lat.), a leader, pi. 
 
 duces ; dux gregis, 
 
 leader of the flock. 
 D.V.* Deo volente (God 
 
 willing). 
 D.V.M. (U.S.A.), Doctor of 
 
 Veterinary Medicine. 
 Dvofdk (Antonin), 
 
 1841-1904, composer, 
 
 pron. dvor'zhek. 
 d.v.p., decessit vita patrts 
 
 (died during his, or her, 
 
 father's lifetime). 
 Dwina, N. Russia, not 
 
 Dvina, Duna. 
 dwt., pennyweight, -s, 
 
 24 troy grains, not 
 
 pwt. 
 Dyak,of Borneo, «o/ Dayak. 
 dyeing*, 
 dygogram*, a magnetic 
 
 deviation curve, 
 dying*. 
 
 dyke, use dike*. 
 Dymoke (F. S.), 1862-, 
 
 Eng. Sovereign's Cham- 
 pion, not Di-, Dimocky 
 
 Dymock. 
 dynamics, is singular ; 
 
 abbr. dyn. 
 dynamo/ *, pi. -s. 
 dyotheism, the doctrine 
 
 that there are two 
 
 gods. 
 Dysart (Earl ot), also 
 
 Desart. 
 D.Z., Doctor of Zoology. 
 dzne., douzaine (dozen). 
 D,-Zug (Ger. m.), Durch- 
 
 gang-Zug (a through 
 
 train). 
 
 99 
 
D NOTES 
 
 tbo 
 
D NOTES 
 
 zox 
 
:fiCHALOTE 
 
 E., Earl, Earth, east, 
 Eastern postal district, 
 London, engineer, second- 
 class merchant ship at 
 Lloyd's, (Royal Navy) 
 engineering, fifth in a 
 series, all proper names 
 with this initial. 
 
 E* (chem.), erbium. 
 
 e, eccentricity of ellipse, 
 (dyn.) coeflBcient of elast- 
 icity, (elec.) electromotive 
 force of cell. 
 
 e, or e (math.), base of Na- 
 pierian logarithms. 
 
 e (It., Port.), and. 
 
 i (Port.), is. 
 
 ^ (It.), is. 
 
 h (e grave accent), to be 
 used for the last syllable 
 of past tenses and parti- 
 ciples when that other- 
 wise mute syllable is to be 
 separately pronounced, 
 as, " Hence, loathed 
 melancholy ! '^ 
 
 each (gram.) must be fol- 
 lowed by verb and pro- 
 noun in sing., as <* each 
 person knows his own 
 property." Abbr. ea. 
 
 eagre*, tidal wave, noi-er. 
 
 E. & O. E.*, errors and 
 omissions excepted. 
 
 Earl, abbr. E. 
 
 earlier, correlative of later. 
 
 ear-ring* (hyphen). 
 
 Earth (the), abbr. E., 
 sign e. 
 
 east, abbr. E. (see also 
 compass). 
 
 East End, London (caps.). 
 
 Easter Sunday *, first after 
 the calendar full moon 
 on, or next after, 21 
 March. 
 
 East Indies*, "include 
 Hindustan, Farther India, 
 and the Islands beyond " 
 CO.E.D.); abbr. E.I. 
 
 E ] 
 
 easy chair* (two words). 
 
 easygoing (one word). 
 
 eauJ-de-Cologne*, — de- 
 Vie* (hyphens) ; — 
 forte*, nitric acid, afso 
 an etching; — -fortiste, 
 an etcher ; — sucr6e, 
 sugar and water (not 
 ital.). 
 
 E.B., "Encyclopaedia Bri- 
 tannica." 
 
 E,B. (Ger.), Eisenbahn 
 (railway). 
 
 Eblis, not I-. 
 
 ebonize*, «o/-ise. 
 
 Ebor., Eboracum (York), 
 Eboracensis, signature of 
 Abp. of York (full 
 point). 
 
 E. b S., east-by-south. 
 
 eburnean *, like ivory, not 
 -ian. 
 
 E.G., Established Church, 
 Eastern - Central postal 
 district, London. 
 
 Scart (Fr. m.), error. 
 
 6cart6*, a game of cards. 
 
 Ecoe/ Homo*, ' ' behold the 
 Man"; — signum*, 
 here is the proof, 
 
 Ecclefechan, birthplace 
 of Carlyle 4. 12. 1795. 
 
 Eoclesiastes, abbr. Eo- 
 cles. 
 
 ecclesiastical/, abbr. 
 
 eccles. ; — signs : — 
 Maltese cross »{< used in 
 R.C. service books to 
 notify "make the sign of 
 the cross," also before 
 signatures of certain R.C. 
 dignitaries ; Latin cross 
 •f ; St. Andrew's cross X ; 
 in service books, ^ re- 
 sponse, S' versicle, * 
 words to be intoned. 
 
 Ecclesiasticus, abbr. 
 Ecclus. 
 
 Scbalote (Fr. f.), a shallot, 
 not esch-. 
 
 loa 
 
fiCHANTmLOW — EDITORIAL 
 
 icbantnion (Fr. m.), a 
 sample. 
 
 Echegaray(Jos6), 1832-, 
 Sp. dramatist. 
 
 echelon * ( mil. ), a troop for- 
 mation (notital,,no accent). 
 
 echo/*, pi. -es*, not -os. 
 
 Sclairclssement* (Fr.m. ), 
 explanation. 
 
 6clat*, renown (not ital.). 
 
 economize *, not -ise. 
 
 econom/y, -ical, -ics, 
 -ist, abbr. econ. 
 
 Scossaisj (Fr.), /em. -e, 
 Scotch (not cap.); also 
 icossaise*, a dance. 
 
 ecraseur*, surgical instru- 
 ment (no accent). 
 
 ScrevJsse (Fr. f.), crayfish, 
 lobster. 
 
 ecru*, unbleached linen col- 
 our (no accent, not ital.). 
 
 ecstasy*, not -cy, ex-. 
 
 ecstatic*, not extatic. 
 
 E.C.TJ., English Church 
 Union. 
 
 Ecuador, not Eq- ; abbr. 
 Ecua. 
 
 ecumenic/, -al, use oecu- *. 
 
 E.D.D., ''English Dialect 
 Dictionary." 
 
 «*Edda/'**, a collection of 
 Icelandic legends ; pi. -S. 
 
 Eddystone Lighthouse. 
 
 edelweiss*, Alpine plant. 
 
 edema/, -tous, use oed- *. 
 
 edge-bolt (binding), the 
 closed folds of a sheet as 
 shown in an uncut book. 
 
 edges (binding) : cir- 
 cuit — , covers turned 
 over to protect the edges 
 of the paper; cut — , the 
 three edges cut solid by 
 acuttingmachine; gilt — , 
 the three edges cut solid 
 and gilt ; gilt-top — , top 
 edge cut solid and gilt, 
 others trimmed only ; 
 marbled — , all edges cut 
 solid, and stained like 
 marble ; opened — , cut 
 with a hand paper-knife ; 
 red — , the cut edges col- 
 
 edges (binding) (conf.). 
 oured red and burnished ; 
 sprinkled — , the cut 
 edges finely sprinkled 
 with colour; tooled — , 
 those with impressed de- 
 signs ; trimmed — , top 
 edge untouched, and in- 
 equalities only removed 
 from the others, the folds 
 are not opened ; uncut, 
 unopened, or untouch- 
 ed — , all edges quite un- 
 touched, being left as they 
 are folded ; 'white — , cut, 
 not coloured or gilt {see 
 also margins). 
 
 edge-tool*, not edged — . 
 
 edgeways*, not -y, -wise. 
 
 Edgeworth (Prof. P. Y.), 
 econ.; — (Maria), 1767- 
 1849, writer. 
 
 Edgware Road, London, 
 not Edge-. 
 
 edidit (Lat.), he, or she, 
 edited. 
 
 edile, use SBdile *. 
 
 Edinburgh, abbr. Edin. 
 
 Edipus, use GE- *. 
 
 Sditeur (Fr. m.), publisher, 
 not editor. 
 
 edition, abbr. ed. (see also 
 title pages). 
 
 Edition de luxe, a sump- 
 tuous edition (not ital.). 
 
 edition (limited), where a 
 smaller number than usual 
 of a book is printed. 
 Each copy should contain 
 a printed certificate some- 
 what as this : " 250 copies 
 of this book have been 
 printed, of which this 
 is No. — "( the number 
 being written in ink). 
 
 edltioj princepSy a first 
 printed edition; pi. -ttes^ 
 principes. 
 
 editor, abbr. ed., pi. eds. ; 
 in Fr. m. directeur, r^- 
 dacteur en cbet, or 
 gSrant 
 
 editorial*, newspaper art- 
 icle with the editor's views. 
 
 103 
 
EDITRESS — EIN 
 
 editress*, a fem. editor, not 
 -toress. 
 
 Edmund, abbr. Edm. 
 
 E.D.S., English Dialect 
 Society. 
 
 educationist*, not -alist. 
 
 Edward, abbr. E., or Ed. 
 
 E.E., Early English, errors 
 excepted, (Ger.) Euer 
 Ehrwiirden (your Rever- 
 ence). 
 
 ee (Sc), eye; pi. een. 
 
 E.E. & M.P., Envoy Ex- 
 traordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary. 
 
 eerie*, weird, not -y. 
 
 E.E.T.S., Early English 
 Text Society. 
 
 efFecter*, not -or. 
 
 Effendi*, Turkish title of 
 respect, not -dee. 
 
 effluvi/um*, pi. -a* (not 
 ital.). 
 
 eflluxion*, «o/-ction. 
 
 e.g.*, exempli gratia (for 
 example) (I.e., not ital., 
 preceded by comma). Use 
 ''for example" rather 
 than e.g. 
 
 igareinentj (Fr.m.), error; 
 pi. -s. 
 
 Eginhard, use Ein-. 
 
 egis, use SB- *. 
 
 egotize*, to act egotistic- 
 ally, not -ise. 
 
 egret*, the lesser white 
 heron (s^^a/so aigrette*). 
 
 Egypt/, -ian, abbr. Egy. ; 
 — Exploration Fund, 
 not Egyptian . 
 
 egyptian* (typ.), a type 
 with thick stems, 
 as this. 
 
 Egyptian pound, in Eng. 
 jCi. OS. 6^1 ^d. ; abbr. £E. 
 
 Egyptienne (Ger. typ. f.), 
 same type as '^ English." 
 
 Egyptolog/ist, -y, abbr. 
 Egyptol. 
 
 eh (typ.), when exclama- 
 tion, to be followed by 
 exclamation point ; when 
 question, by note of in- 
 terrogation. 
 
 E.H.P., electrical horse- 
 power, 
 
 Ehrenbreitstein, on the 
 Rhine, not -enstein. 
 
 E.I., East India, -n, -ies. 
 
 -ei-, in words, the pronun- 
 ciation of which does not 
 imply thespelling:— being, 
 ceiling, conceit, conceive, 
 counterfeit, cuneiform, de- 
 ceit, deceive, deign, eider, 
 eidograph, eight, eighth 
 (etc.), eirenicon, either, 
 feign, feint, foreign, for- 
 feit, freight, heifer, heigh- 
 ho, height, heinous, heir, 
 -ess, inveigh, inveigle, 
 kaleidoscope, leisure, 
 
 meiosis, neigh, -hour, 
 -bourhood, neither, non- 
 pareil, obeisance, perceive, 
 plebeian, receipt, receive, 
 reign, reindeer, reins, 
 Seidlitz, seigneur, seize, 
 skein, sleight, sovereign, 
 surfeit, their, veil, vein, 
 weigh, -t, weir, weird {see 
 also -ie-). 
 
 E.I.C., East India Com- 
 pany. 
 
 eiconic, m5^ iconic*. 
 
 E.I.C.S., East India Civil 
 Service ; frequently I.C.S. 
 
 eidol/on*, a phantom ; /»/. 
 -a*. 
 
 Elfel Mountains, Ger. 
 
 Eiffel/ (A. G.), 1832-, Fr. 
 engineer ; — To"wer, 
 Paris. 
 
 eighteenmo* (typ.), deci- 
 mo-octavo, abbr. 18mo 
 (no point) ; demy 18mo, 
 about 6 X 3^4 in. 
 
 eigret/, -te, use aigrette* 
 {see also egret). 
 
 eikon, use icon*. 
 
 "Eikon Basilike," a 
 work of Charles I (?). 
 
 einbringen (Ger. typ.), 
 to put a word into the 
 preceding line. 
 
 ein Drittel (Ger.), one- 
 third ; (typ.) thick space, 
 one-third em. 
 
 104 
 
EUTHARD — ELLIOT 
 
 Einhard, 770-840, writer, 
 not Egin-. 
 
 Einleitung (Ger. typ. f.), 
 introduction. 
 
 eirenicon*, a peace pro- 
 posal, not ir-. 
 
 Eisteddfod/*, a congress 
 of bards; pron. ice-teth'- 
 vod, pi. -au. 
 
 either (gram.), correctly 
 used for two only and 
 must be followed by verb 
 and pronoun in sing., as 
 ''either is to be taken." 
 Correlative or, not nor. 
 
 ejUSdemKLsLt. ),of the same, 
 ahhr. ejusd, ; — generis y 
 of the same kind. 
 
 El (Heb.), God. 
 
 el (Sp. m.), the. 
 
 il (Sp.), he. 
 
 Elagabalus, not Helio-. 
 
 6lan*, dash,spirit(notital.). 
 
 elater/*, not -or ; pi. -s. 
 
 Elburz (Mount), Cauca- 
 sus, not -ruz. 
 
 elcbee* (Turk.), an am- 
 bassador, not -i, eltchi. 
 
 Elder Brethren of Trinity 
 House (caps.). 
 
 El Dorado*, the golden 
 land (two words, not ital.). 
 
 eleo., electricity, electrical, 
 electuary. 
 
 elector*, not -er. 
 
 electress*, «o/-toress. 
 
 electrocute, to carry out 
 a death sentence by elec- 
 tricity. 
 
 electrolier*, a cluster of 
 electric lamps (not ital. ). 
 
 electrolyze*, not -yse. 
 
 electro/meter*, electricity 
 measurer ; -motive * ; 
 -motor*, electric loco- 
 motive (one word). 
 
 electrotype* (one word) ; 
 abbr. electro (no point). 
 
 electuary, abbr. elec. 
 
 eleemosynary*,charitable. 
 
 Sligantj (Fr.), a fashion- 
 able man ; /ent. -e*. 
 egist*, writer 
 elegy, not -giast. 
 
 eleme*, a dried fig (not 
 ital., no accent). 
 
 elementary, abbr. elem. 
 
 elements (chemical), no 
 point after symbols ; see 
 also under each name. 
 
 elemi*, a resin. 
 
 elench/us* (logic), pi. -i*. 
 
 elenctic/*, of refutation, 
 not -chtic. 
 
 elephanta*, a violent 
 storm, not -er (not ital.). 
 
 elephant-paper*, 28x23 
 in, ; double ditto*, 40 x 
 26^/4 in. 
 
 elevator*, not -er. 
 
 6I^ve (Fr. m. and f.), a 
 pupil, scholar. 
 
 elf*, a sprite ; pi. elves*. 
 
 Elgin Marbles (caps.). 
 
 Elia, pen-name of Charles 
 Lamb, 1775-1834. 
 
 eligible *, not -able. 
 
 Eliogabalus, use Ela-. 
 
 Eliot, fam. name of Earl of 
 St. Germans ; — (Sir 
 C. N. E.), 1864- ; — 
 (George), 1819-80, pen- 
 name of Mary Ann, or 
 Marian, Evans; — (Sir 
 John), 1839-, F.R.S.(s^* 
 also Ell-). 
 
 Eliott(Gener al George), 
 1779-83, defender of Gib- 
 raltar; — (Sir W. P. A.), 
 1827- (see also Eliot, 
 E11-). 
 
 elision (typ.), suppression 
 of a vowel or syllable, as 
 e'en for even. In Eng. 
 generally and Fr. always, 
 letters to be close up. In 
 Gr., It, Lat., Sp. to be 
 spaced {see also ellip- 
 sis). 
 
 elisor* (law), one who 
 selects a jury. 
 
 61ite* (Fr. f.), a select part 
 (not ital.). 
 
 elixir* (not ital.). 
 
 Elizabeth, abbr. Eliz. 
 
 Ellichpur, Ind., not Ilich-. 
 
 Elliot, fam. name of Earl of 
 Minto; — (SirA.J.H.), 
 
 loS 
 
ELLIOT — EMERITUS 
 
 i825-;Emot(SirE.L.), 
 1850- ; — (Sir George), 
 1867- ; — (Sir H. G.), 
 1817-, P.C. ; — (Sir H. 
 G.), 1826-, K.C.M.G. 
 EUiott (Sir C. A.), 1835- ; 
 
 — (Sir C. B.), 1841- ; 
 
 — (Sir T. H.), 1854- {see 
 also Eli-)- 
 
 ellips/is*, the omission of 
 words, pi. -es* ; (typ.) 
 three periods {not aster- 
 isks) separated by em 
 quads (en in narrow 
 measures) are sufficient 
 to mark omissions in all 
 cases. When the pre- 
 ceding sentence has been 
 brought to a close, four 
 should be used ; the first 
 to be close up ; not illi- 
 {see also elision), 
 eloge*, an oration (no ac- 
 cent, not ital.) ; in Fr. 
 m. eloge, 
 Elohim* (Heb.), the Deity, 
 eloin* (law), to abscond, 
 
 not -gn. 
 E. long., east longitude. 
 Elsass-Lothringen, Ger. 
 for Fr. Alsace-Lor- 
 raine, now the Reichs- 
 land. 
 Elsinore, Dan. for Hel- 
 
 sing0r. 
 elucidator*, not -er. 
 ifilysee palace, Paris. 
 Elysium* (cap., not ital.). 
 elytr/on*, a covering ; pi. 
 
 -a* (not ital.). 
 Elzevir type *, a style of type 
 condensed or compressed in 
 appearance, as this. 
 E.M., EarlMarshal,£'^M/VMW 
 Magister (Master of the 
 Horse). 
 Em., Emmanuel, Emily, 
 
 Emma. 
 em/ (typ.)> the unit of meas- 
 urement, the square of 
 the body of any size of 
 type ; — quad, a space 
 used after each period and 
 before the first word of 
 
 new paragraph ; em rule, 
 see punctuation, IX. 
 embalmment* (3 m's). 
 embank*, not im-. 
 embargo/*, «o/im- ; pi. -es 
 
 (not ital.). 
 embarkation*, Mo/-cation. 
 embarras* (noun). 
 embarras des richesses 
 (Fr.), a superfluity of good 
 things, 
 embarrass* (verb). 
 embassador*, used only 
 
 in America, 
 embassy*, not sun-. 
 embathe*, not im-. 
 embed/*, -ded*, -ding*, 
 
 not im-. 
 embezzlement*, not 
 
 -Iment. 
 embitter*, not im-. 
 emblaz/e*, - onry *, «o/ im- . 
 emblematize*, not -ise. 
 emblossom*, not im-. 
 embod/y*, -ied*, -ier*, 
 
 -iment*, not im-. 
 embolden*, not im-. 
 embonpoint* (Fr. m.), 
 
 plump, plumpness, 
 embosom*, not im-. 
 emboss*, not im-. 
 embouchement*, a river- 
 mouth, 
 embouchure* (mus.), 
 
 mouthpiece (not ital.). 
 embound*, «o/im-. 
 embo"welled*, not -eled. 
 embow^er*, not im-. 
 embrangle*, not im-. 
 embrasure*, not -zure. 
 embroglio, use im- *. 
 embroil*, not im-. 
 embrue, use im- *. 
 embrute, use im- *. 
 embryo*, pi. -s. 
 embue, use im- *. 
 E.M.D.P., electromotive 
 
 difference of potential. 
 emend*, to remove errors. 
 emerald (typ. \ a type as this, 
 
 about six and a half point, 128 
 lines to the foot. 
 
 emerit/us *, honourably re- 
 tired ; pi. -i. 
 
 X06 
 
EMEU — 'END 
 
 emeu, use emu*. 
 
 Smeute* (Fr. f.), insur- 
 rection. 
 
 E.M.F., electromotive force. 
 
 itnlgrlS* {Fr.),/etn. -ie, an 
 emigrant. 
 
 Emir, use Ameer*. 
 
 E.M.K. (Ger.), elekiro- 
 motorische Kraft (electro- 
 motive force). 
 
 Emmanuel/ College, 
 Cambridge ; — III, King 
 of Italy (two w's). 
 
 Em.p., Emperor, Empress. 
 
 empasstic*, embossed, not 
 -estic. 
 
 em.pair, use im- *. 
 
 empale, use im-*. 
 
 empanel/ *, to enrol* ; 
 -led*, -ling*, «o^ im-. 
 
 empassion, use im-*. 
 
 Emperor/, abbr. Emp.; — 
 of Germany, use Ger- 
 man Emperor. 
 
 emphas/is*, //. -es*. 
 
 emphasize*, Mo/-ise. 
 
 empicture*, not im-. 
 
 empierc/e*, -ing*, «o/im-. 
 
 emplacement* (not ital.). 
 
 emj^loy 1^*, frequently em- 
 ployee (no accent), fern. 
 -6e * ; pi. -6s, fern, -6es 
 (not ital.). 
 
 empori/um*, pi. -a. 
 
 empressjS {Yr.),fem. -Se, 
 keen, eager. 
 
 empressement* (Fr. m.), 
 eagerness. 
 
 emprise*, not -ize. 
 
 emptiness*, not -tyness, 
 
 emptor*, a purchaser. 
 
 empyreum/a*, the "burnt" 
 smell of organic matter, 
 not -ruma ; pi. -ata*. 
 
 emu*, not emeu. 
 
 emulator*, not-er. 
 
 en/ (typ.), half the width of 
 an em ; — quad, a space 
 usually inserted after a 
 colon, semicolon, note of 
 exclamation, and of inter- 
 rogation, when not ending 
 a sentence ; — rule {see 
 punctuation, XII). 
 
 enactor*, not -er. 
 
 en amateur (Fr.), like an 
 
 amateur, 
 enamell/ed*, -er*, -ing*, 
 
 -ist*, not -eler, etc. 
 enamorato, use in-*. 
 enl arrihre (Fr.), behind ; 
 
 — attendant, mean- 
 while ; — avantf for- 
 ward ; — bloc, in the 
 mass ; — bon fran^is, 
 without mincing matters ; 
 
 — cachette, in hiding. 
 EncsBnia*, Commemora- 
 tion at Oxford, not -cenia 
 (not ital.). 
 
 encage*, not in-. 
 
 encase*, not in-. 
 
 enceinte*, pregnant, an 
 enclosure (not ital.). 
 
 enchase *, not in-. 
 
 encb^re (Fr. f.), auction. 
 
 en vheveux (Fr.), (of a 
 woman) bare-headed. 
 
 enchiridi/on*, handbook 
 or manual ; pi. -a (not 
 ital.). 
 
 enclasp*, not in-. 
 
 enclave *, territory sur- 
 rounded by foreign do- 
 minions. 
 
 encloister*, not in-. 
 
 enclose*, not in-. 
 
 en casur (Fr.), heart- 
 shaped. 
 
 encomium/*, a eulogy ; 
 pi. -s (not ital.). 
 
 encore*, again (not ital.). 
 
 encouragement*, not 
 -gment. 
 
 encroach*, not in-. 
 
 encrust *> not in-. 
 
 encrystal, use in- *. 
 
 encumber*, «o/in-. 
 
 encyclopaed/ia*, -iac*, 
 -iacal*, -ial*, -ian*, 
 
 -ic 
 
 4cal*, -ism* 
 
 -ist*, -ize*, not -pedia ; 
 
 abbr. ency. 
 "Encyclopaedia Britan- 
 
 nica,** abbr. Ency. Brit, 
 end a break (typ.), in 
 
 composing, to fill up last 
 
 line with quads. 
 
 107 
 
ENDEMNIFY — EW R:fiSUM:e 
 
 endemn/ify,-ity, use in.-*. 
 
 endent/, -ure, use in- *. 
 
 enj dernier ressort (Fr.), 
 as a last resource ; — 
 dSshabillSf in undress ; 
 — deux mots, to cut a 
 long story short. 
 
 end even (typ.), in com- 
 posing, the last word of 
 a "take" of copy to end 
 a full line : opposed to 
 "end a break." 
 
 endite, use in-*. 
 
 end leaves (typ.), the blank 
 fly-leaves at the beginning 
 and end of a book. 
 
 endors/e*, -able*, -ee*, 
 -er*, -ement*, not in-. 
 
 end papers, see end 
 leaves. 
 
 endu/e*, -able*, -ing*, 
 not in-. 
 
 endur/e*, -able*, -ed*, 
 -er*, -ing*, «o/ in-. 
 
 endways*, «o/-wise. 
 
 Endymion, Gr. legend. 
 
 E.N.E., east-north-east 
 {see also compass). 
 
 en ^cbelle (Fr.), ladder- 
 like. 
 
 Eneid, use ^neid*. 
 
 enema/*, an injection ; pi. 
 -s* (not ital.). 
 
 energize*, Mo/-ise. 
 
 en fami/le (Fr.), with one's 
 family. 
 
 enfant gatS (Fr. m.), spoilt 
 child. 
 
 enfants perdus (mil.), 
 forlorn hope. 
 
 enfeeblemen t *. 
 
 enfeoff*, mo/ -fief. 
 
 en f^te (Fr.), in festivity ; 
 en fin, finally (one word) ; 
 enl fin de compte, when 
 all is told; — flagrant 
 dSlIt, in the very act. 
 
 enfold*, not in-. 
 
 enforce/*, -able*, not in-. 
 
 enfranchis/e *, -able *, 
 -ement*, -ing*, not -ize. 
 
 Eng., England, English. 
 
 eng., engineer, -ing, en- 
 graved, -er, -ing. 
 
 Engadine, Switz. ; in Ger. 
 
 Engadin. 
 engagement*, Mo/-gment. 
 en garfon (Fr.), as a 
 
 bachelor, 
 engineer, -ing, abbr. E., 
 
 or eng. 
 Engl/and, -ish, abbr. 
 
 Eng. 
 
 English* (typ.), a 
 
 fourteen-point type, as 
 first line above, sixty-four 
 lines to the foot. Used in 
 Scotland for legal reports. 
 
 English translation, 
 abbr. E.T. 
 
 engorgement *, not 
 
 -gment. 
 
 engraft*, not in-. 
 
 engrain *, not in-. 
 
 en grandej tenue, or — 
 — toilette (Fr.), in full 
 dress ; en grand sel' 
 gneur, magnificently. 
 
 engrav/ed, -er, -ing, abbr. 
 eng. 
 
 engroove*, not in-. 
 
 engross*, not in-. 
 
 engulf*, not in-, -gulph. 
 
 enherit, use in.-*. 
 
 enigma/, pi. -s. 
 
 enisle*, not in-. 
 
 enlargement*, mo/ -gment. 
 
 en masse * (Fr.), in a body. 
 
 enmesh*, not emm-, imm-. 
 
 Enniskillen, Ireland ; — 
 (Earl of), but Innis- 
 killing Dragoons and 
 Fusiliers. 
 
 ennui *, boredom (not ital.). 
 
 ennuy/6 *, /em. -Se, bored 
 (not ital.). 
 
 enoculate, use in- *. 
 
 en] passant* (Fr.), by the 
 way ; — petit, on a small 
 scale ; — plein jour, in 
 broad daylight ; — prince, 
 in princely style. 
 
 enquete (Fr. f.), inquiry. 
 
 enquir/e, -y, use in- *. 
 
 en] rapport* (Fr. ), in sym- 
 pathy; — r^gle, as it 
 should be; ~r6sumS, to 
 
 io8 
 
EN REVANCHE — EWWREATHE 
 
 sum up; en revanche, 
 
 in revenge. 
 
 enrol/*, -led*, -ler*, -ling*, 
 -ment*, mo/ enroll, inroll. 
 
 en route * (Fr. ) , on the way. 
 
 en rule (typ.) (-), see 
 punctuation, XII. 
 
 ens* (Lat.), an entity; pi. 
 entia*. 
 
 ensconce*, not in-. 
 
 ensculpture, use in- *. 
 
 enseigae (Fr. m.), mid- 
 shipman ; (f.) signboard. 
 
 ensemble*, general effect 
 (not ital.). 
 
 ensheath*, not -the. 
 
 ensilage* (not ital.). 
 
 ensnare/*, -ment*, not\n-. 
 
 en somme (Fr.), in the 
 main. 
 
 ensoul*, not in-. 
 
 enstall, use install*. 
 
 ensuing *, not -eing. 
 
 en suite * (Fr.), to match. 
 
 ensure*, to make safe {see 
 also assurance, insur- 
 ance). 
 
 ensT?vathe*, «o/ in-. 
 
 en tabUer{Yr.), apron-like. 
 
 entailed* estate, not in-. 
 
 entente] (Fr. f.), meaning; 
 — COrdlale, cordial un- 
 derstanding; — (on mot 
 h double), a word, or 
 phrase, with two mean- 
 ings, pi. mots a double 
 entente, not entendre. 
 
 enteric* (not ital.). 
 
 enterpose, use in- *. 
 
 enterpret, use in- *. 
 
 enterprise*, not -ize. 
 
 entitjS (Fr.),/em. -£e, in- 
 fatuated, obstinate. 
 
 enthral/*, -led*, -ler*, 
 -ling*, -ment*, not in-, 
 -thrall. 
 
 entitle*, &«/ intitule*. 
 
 entomology,abbr. entom. 
 
 entourage*, surroundings 
 (not ital.). 
 
 entozo/on*, internal para- 
 site; pi. -a* (not ital.). 
 
 entr^actej*, the interval 
 between two acts; pi. -s. 
 
 entrain*, heartiness (not 
 ital.), also to put in a rail- 
 way train. 
 
 en train (Fr.), in progress. 
 
 entrap/*, -ped*, -ping*, 
 not in-. 
 
 entreat*, not in-. 
 
 entrecote (Fr. cook, m.), 
 the "undercut." 
 
 entre deuxj (Fr.), betwixt 
 
 and between two ; 
 
 feux, between two fires ; 
 vins, half-drunk. 
 
 entree*, a made dish (not 
 ital.). 
 
 entre filet (Fr. typ. m.), a 
 short paragraph. 
 
 entremets*, side dishes 
 (not ital.). 
 
 entrench*, not in-. 
 
 entre] nous (Fr.), con- 
 fidentially ; — quatre 
 yeuXf between ourselves. 
 
 entrepdt*, a mart (not 
 ital.). 
 
 entrepreneur * (mus.), a 
 contractor. 
 
 entresalle *, ante - room 
 (not ital.). 
 
 entresol*, a story between 
 ground -floor and first- 
 floor (not ital.). 
 
 entrust*, not in-. 
 
 Ent. Sta. Hall, Entered at 
 Stationers* Hall. 
 
 entw^ine*, not in-. 
 
 entwist*, not in-. 
 
 enunciat/e*, -or*. 
 
 enure (law), but use in-*. 
 
 enveigh, use in-*. 
 
 enveigle, use in- *. 
 
 en vSlin (Fr.), in vellum. 
 
 envelop/* (verb), -ed*, 
 -ment. 
 
 envelope* (noun). 
 
 en vSritS (Fr.), in truth. 
 
 envoy jS {¥v.\fem. -Se, a 
 messenger. 
 
 en wall*, not in-. 
 
 en weave, use in- *. 
 
 enwind*, not in-. 
 
 enwrap/*, -ped*, -ping*, 
 not in-. 
 
 enwreathe*, «o/in-. 
 
 109 
 
EOCEK"E — EHG 
 
 Eocene (cap., not ital.). 
 
 eol instanti (Lat.), at that 
 instant; — nomine, un- 
 der that name. 
 
 eolian, etc., use ebo-*. 
 
 eon, use sBon*. 
 
 e.O.O.e. (Fr.), erreur ou 
 omission exceptee (error or 
 omission excepted). 
 
 " Eothen," by Kinglake. 
 
 Eotvos (J., baron), 1813- 
 71, Hungarian writer. 
 
 epaulet*, «o/ -ette. 
 
 Sperduj {Yr.\fem. -e, dis- 
 tracted. 
 
 epergne* (not ital., no 
 accent). 
 
 Sperlans (Fr. m.), smelts. 
 
 ifipernay, Fr. white wine. 
 
 Eph., Ephesians, Ephraim. 
 
 ephah*, Heb. measure, noi 
 epha. 
 
 ephemer/a*, same as -on; 
 pi. -89* (not ital.). 
 
 ephemer/is *, a calendar ; 
 pi. -ides*. 
 
 ephemer/on*, pi. -a,* (not 
 ital.). 
 
 Ephesians, abbr. Eph. 
 
 ephphaiha (Aram.), "Be 
 opened." 
 
 6pi (Fr. m.), roof finial (not 
 ital.). 
 
 Spice (Fr. f.), spice. 
 
 epicentrum. *, of earth- 
 quake. 
 
 epideictic *, adapted for 
 display, not -ktic. 
 
 epigram/ *, a pointed 
 saying; pi. -S (not ital.). 
 
 Spigramme* (Fr. cook, f.), 
 small cutlets, etc. (ital.). 
 
 Spinard (Fr. m.), spinach. 
 
 epiornis, use SBpy-. 
 
 Epiphany, abbr. Epiph. 
 
 episcopal, abbr. episc. 
 
 epithalami/um *, a nuptial 
 song ; pi. -a*. 
 
 epitheli/um*, pi. -a. 
 
 epitomize*, not -ise. 
 
 epizo/on* (zool.), pL -a*. 
 
 e pluribus a nam (Lat.), 
 many made one (motto of 
 U.S.A.). 
 
 eppur si muove (It.), and 
 yet it moves ; e pur si — 
 often used. 
 
 ipreuvej (Fr. typ. f.), a 
 proof ; — d' artiste y art- 
 ist's proof. 
 
 Sprisj (Fr.), fern, -e, en- 
 amoured, 
 
 6prouvette*, gunpowder 
 tester. 
 
 Epsom-salt*, not salts 
 
 (hyphen). 
 
 6puis\6 (Fr.), fern. -Se, 
 exhausted ; (typ.) out of 
 print. 
 
 eq., equal. 
 
 Equador, use Ecu-. 
 
 equal/ to (no longer zvtth) ; 
 -led*, -ling*. 
 
 equaliz/e*, -ation*. 
 
 equal mark (typ.), = (a 
 hair-space before and 
 after). 
 
 equanimity*, not " of 
 mind." 
 
 Equator/, -ial, abbr. Eq. 
 
 equerry*, not -ery. 
 
 equestri/an *,^m.-enne*. 
 
 equiangular, sign X. 
 
 equilateral, sign _L. 
 
 equinoctial*, not -xial. 
 
 equinox/*, pi. -es*. 
 
 equisetum/* (bot.), pi. 
 -s* (not ital.). 
 
 equivalent, abbr. equiv. 
 
 equivocator*, not -er. 
 
 equivoque* (not ital.). 
 
 E.R., Eduardus Rex (King 
 Edward). 
 
 E.R.A. (R. Navy), Engine- 
 room Artificer. 
 
 Eragny Press, of L. 
 Pissarro. 
 
 erbium, symbol Er*. 
 
 Erckmann - Chatrian, 
 two Fr. writers colla- 
 borating from 1848-70. 
 
 erector*, not -er. 
 
 erethism* (path.), excite- 
 ment, not ery-. 
 
 E. R. et I., Eduardus Rex 
 et Imperator(EdwardKing 
 and Emperor). 
 
 erg*, unit ofwork (not ital.). 
 
 ?io 
 
ERGO — ifiTAT 
 
 ergo* (Lat), therefore 
 
 (ital.). 
 Erichsen (Sir J. E.), 
 
 1818-96, surgeon. 
 Ericsson (John), 1802- 
 
 89, engineer. 
 Eros, god of love; pi. 
 
 Erotes. 
 erpetolog/y, -ist, use h- *. 
 errat/um*, pi. -a* (not 
 
 ital.). 
 erstens (Ger.), in the first 
 
 place ; erstgeboren, 
 
 first-born, 
 erysipelas* (not ital.). 
 erythism, use ere-*. 
 Erzertlm, Turk. Armenia, 
 
 not -oum, -um. 
 E.S. (paper), engine-sized, 
 escalop, use scallop*, 
 escarp/*, -ment*, a steep 
 
 slope, not -pe. 
 eschalot, use shallot*, 
 escheator*, not -er. 
 Eschscholtzia* (hot.), 
 
 pron. e-sholt'se-a. 
 Escorial, Spain, not Escu-. 
 escritoire*, not -oir (not 
 
 ital.). 
 Esculap/ius, -ian, use 
 
 escutcheon*, plate for 
 keyhole, etc., not scut-. 
 
 Esdras, not to be abbre- 
 viated. 
 
 E.S.E., east-south-east 
 {see also compass). 
 
 Eskimo/, not Esquimaux; 
 pi. -s. 
 
 esophag/us, -eal, use 
 ces-*. 
 
 esp., especially. 
 
 espagnolette*, French- 
 window fastening. 
 
 espalier*, a lattice- work, a 
 trained fruit-tree(notital.). 
 
 especially, abbr. esp. 
 
 Esperanto, new universal 
 language. 
 
 espidgl/e*(Fr.),frolicsome ; 
 -erie*, -ness (not ital.). 
 
 espionage* (not ital.). 
 
 espressivo* (It. mus.), 
 with expression, not ex-. 
 
 esprit/* (Fr. m.), genius, 
 wit ; — de corps*, respect 
 for a society by its mem- 
 bers ; — fort*, a strong- 
 minded person,/*/, esprits 
 forts* (not ital.). 
 
 Esquimalt, Vancouver, 
 not -ault 
 
 Esquimaux, use Esk- 
 imo. 
 
 Esquire, abbr. Esq.* ; J. 
 Smith, jun., Esq., not 
 Esq., jun. 
 
 esquisse* (Fr. f.), a sketch. 
 
 ess*, name of the letter s; 
 pi. esses*. 
 
 ess., essences. 
 
 essays (typ.), cited titles 
 to be roman double- 
 quoted ; caps, as in title. 
 
 Essouan, use Assuan. 
 
 established, abbr. est. 
 
 Established Church 
 (caps.) ; abbr. E.G. 
 
 estamin*, a woollen fabric, 
 not et-. 
 
 estaminet* ( Fr.m.), a caf^. 
 
 estancija* (Sp.-Amer.), a 
 cattle farm ; -ero *, its 
 keeper. 
 
 Esterhdzy de Q alantha, 
 Hungarian family. 
 
 esthet/e, -ic, use aes-*. 
 
 estimator*, not -er. 
 
 estiv/al, -ation, use sbs- *. 
 
 esto perpetua I (Lat.), 
 may it endure for ever ! 
 
 estoppel* (law), «o/-ple. 
 
 estrangement*, not 
 
 -gment. 
 
 esturgeon (Fr. m.), stur- 
 geon. 
 
 E.T., electric telegraph. 
 Eastern Telegraph Co. 
 English translation. 
 
 6tage (Fr. m.), floor ; 6ta- 
 gbre* (f.), a piece of 
 furniture. 
 
 et alibi (Lat.), and else- 
 where ; abbr. et al, 
 
 et alii (Lat.), and others; 
 abbr. et al., not et als. 
 
 Stat-tnajor (Fr. m.), a 
 stafif of military oflBcers. 
 
 Ill 
 
ET CETERA — EWIVA 
 
 et cetera* (not ital.), abbr. 
 etc., or&G. ; (typ.) abbre- 
 viate in bookwork to 
 **etc."; no comma be- 
 tween "etc. etc." or "&c. 
 &c.," a duplication to be 
 avoided. 
 
 etceteras*, extras, sun- 
 dries (one word). 
 
 ^^^(Fr.),been,(m.l summer. 
 
 eth, the Anglo-Saxon D, S 
 (distinguish from " thorn " 
 
 v,n 
 
 ether*, medium filling all 
 
 space, noi ae-. 
 ethereal/*, -ity*, -ly*, 
 
 not -ial. 
 etherializ/e*, -ation*, 
 
 not -ise. 
 etherize*, to convert into 
 
 ether, not -ise. 
 ethnolog/y, -ical, abbr. 
 
 ethnol. 
 etiology, tise SB- *. 
 etiquette* (not ital.). 
 Etna, Sicily, not JE-. 
 Stolle (Fr. typ. f.), asterisk, 
 fitretat, Normandy. 
 et sequenjs, and the fol- 
 lowing ; abbr. et seq.j 
 
 pi. tes, abbr. et sqq. 
 
 6tudel (Fr. f.), a study ; — 
 
 de concert [mus.), study 
 
 of exceptional value. 
 6tui*, case for small articles, 
 
 not etwee (not ital.). 
 Stuvee (Fr. cook, f.), stew, 
 etymologize *, to trace the 
 
 etymology of, not -ise. 
 etymolog/y, -ical, 
 
 -ically, -ist ; abbr. 
 
 etym. 
 etymon*, a root- word. 
 E.U., Evangelical Union, 
 eucalypt/us* (bot.), pi, 
 
 -i*. 
 euchre*, a card game, not 
 
 eucre. 
 eudemon/*, a good angel; 
 
 -ize*, not eudse-. 
 finer (Ger. m.), your; abbr. 
 
 Bw, 
 Eugdne, French Christian 
 
 name (5). 
 
 Eugenie (Empress), 
 
 widow of Napoleon III 
 
 (6). 
 eulogium/*, eulogy;^/, -s. 
 eulogize*, not -ise. 
 eulogy (a, not an). 
 euphem/ism* (a, not an), 
 
 -istic*, -istical* ; abbr. 
 
 euphem. 
 euphemize*, «o/-ise. 
 euphonize *, not -ise. 
 euphony (a, not an). 
 euphroe* (a, not an) 
 
 (naut. ), a crowfoot, not 
 
 uphroe, uvrow. 
 euphuism *. 
 ** Euphues ** *, by Lyly. 
 euraquilo*, a N.E. Levant 
 
 wind, not euro-aquilo. 
 Eure-et-IiOir, Fr. dep-, 
 
 not Loire. 
 
 Eureka*. I have found [it] ! 
 
 not Heu- (not ital.), 
 Europe, abbr. Eur. 
 European (a, not an); 
 
 abbr. Eur. 
 europeanize*, «o/-ise. 
 evadable*, «o^-ible. 
 evangel*, not -He. 
 Evangelical Union, abbr. 
 
 E.U. 
 evangelize*, mo/ -ise. 
 evaporimeter*, not -om- 
 
 eter. 
 evaporize*, not -ise. 
 SvSnement {Fr. m.), event, 
 even pages (typ.), the left- 
 hand, or verso, pages, 
 
 those usually bearing the 
 
 even numbers, 2, 4, etc. 
 evens.caps. (typ.), s.caps. 
 
 without cap. initials, 
 every must be followed by 
 
 verb and pronoun in sing., 
 
 as " every bird tries to 
 
 protect its young." 
 every/body*, -day* (one 
 
 word). 
 every one* (two words). 
 every/thing *, -way *, 
 
 -where* (one word). 
 evolvable*, «o/ -ible. 
 evviva* (It), shout of 
 
 applause. 
 
 zia 
 
EWE — EX. 
 
 e-we/, -r (a, not an). 
 Bwigkeit{G&r.t),G\.eYmiy. 
 ex* (Lat.), out of (notital.). 
 ex., examined, example, 
 
 exchange, excursion, exe- 
 cuted, executive. 
 exactor *, not -er. 
 exaggeration, in Fr. f. 
 
 exager-. 
 exalter*, not -or. 
 examined, abbr. ex. 
 examplar, use exem.-*. 
 example, abbr. ex. ; in 
 
 Fr. m. exemple. 
 ex animo* (Lat.), heartily, 
 exasperator*, not -er. 
 Exc, Excellency. 
 exc, excellent, except, -ed, 
 
 -tion, excudtt (he, or she, 
 
 engraved it). 
 Excalibur*, King Arthur's 
 
 swrord, not -bar,-bour (not 
 
 ital.). 
 ex capite (Lat.), from 
 
 memory. 
 ex cathedra * (Lat.) (not 
 
 -a), v^^ith authority ; pron. 
 
 — ka-the'dra (O.E.D.) 
 
 (not ital.), 
 excavator*, not -er. 
 excellence/ *, superiority ; 
 
 pi. -S, not -cies. 
 Excellenc/y, pi. -ies (per- 
 sons), abbr. Exc. 
 excellent, abbr. exc. 
 except/, -ed, -ion, abbr. 
 
 exc. ; -er*, not -or. 
 excerpt/ *, an extract ; pi. 
 
 -a*, 
 exchange, abbr. ex., or 
 
 exch.; Stock — (caps.), 
 
 abbr. St. Ex. 
 exchangeable*, «o^ -gable, 
 exchequer, abbr, exch. 
 excisable*, «o/ -cable, 
 excise*, Mo/-ize. 
 excitability*, not -ibility. 
 exciter*, one who ex- 
 cites, a stimulant. 
 excitor * nerve, not -er. 
 exclamat/ion, -ory, abbr. 
 
 excl., or exclam. 
 exclamation point (!), see 
 
 punctuation, XVIL 
 
 ex] commodo (Lat.), con- 
 veniently ; — concesso, 
 from what has been 
 granted. 
 
 ex coupon, without cou- 
 pon ; abbr. x.cp. 
 
 excreta*, excreted matters 
 (not ital.). 
 
 excudit (Lat.), he, or she, 
 engraved it ; abbr. exc. 
 
 ex curia (Lat.), out of court, 
 not -a. 
 
 excursion, abbr. ex, 
 
 excursus/*, a digression ; 
 pi. -es* (not ital.). 
 
 ex dividend *, without 
 next dividend ; abbr. ex 
 div.*, or x.d.* 
 
 exeat*, let him leave, pi. 
 -s; exeant*, let them 
 leave (not ital.) (see also 
 exit J exeunt). 
 
 execut/ed, -ive, abbr, ex. 
 
 execut/er*, one who ex- 
 ecutes; -or* (law), abbr, 
 exor. ; fern, -rix*, abbr. 
 exrx., pi. -rices *. 
 
 exeges/is*, explanation ; 
 pi. -es (not ital.). 
 
 exemplaire (Fr. m.), a 
 specimen, a copy ; in Ger. 
 n. Bxemplar. 
 
 exemplar*, not exa-. 
 
 ej:e£np/e (Fr.m,), example. 
 
 exempli gratia (Lat,), for 
 example ; abbr. e.g., or 
 ex. gr. (I.e., not ital., 
 comma before), " For ex- 
 ample " better than e.g. 
 
 exemplum (Lat,), a copy, 
 
 exequatur*, an official 
 permission (not ital.). 
 
 exequies*, funeral cere- 
 mony (not ital. ). 
 
 exercise*, not -ize. 
 
 Exeter, in Lat. ExoniUy 
 abbr. Exon. 
 
 exeunt omnes* (Lat,), 
 they all leave, not exeant 
 — (5^^ also exeat, exit). 
 
 ex facie* (Lat.) (Sc law), 
 according to document. 
 
 ex. gr., see exempli 
 gratia. 
 13 8 
 
EXHIBITOR — EXTRACTOR 
 
 exhibitor*, not -er. 
 exigeant/*,/^m. -e*, exact- 
 ing (no accent), 
 exigency *. 
 exigent*, urgent. 
 ex interest *, without next 
 
 interest ; abbr. ex int.*, 
 
 or x.i.* 
 existence*, not -ance. 
 exist/ible*, -ibility*, not 
 
 -able, 
 exit/*,/*/, -s. 
 Ca://* (Lat.), he, orshe, goes 
 
 out; pi. exeunt (ital.) 
 
 {see also exeat, exeunt), 
 ex lege (Lat.), arising from 
 
 law. 
 ex-libris*, a book-plate 
 
 (not ital.). 
 ex necessitate (Lat.), 
 
 necessarily. 
 ex new *, without the right 
 
 to new shares ; abbr. ex 
 
 n.*, orx.n.* 
 exodi/um*. conclusion of 
 
 a play; pi. -a* {see also 
 
 exord-). 
 Exodus, abbr. Exod. 
 ex officio* (Lat.), officially 
 
 (no hyphen, except as 
 
 adj.). 
 exon*, officer, yeoman of 
 
 the guard. 
 Exon., signature of Bp. of 
 
 Exeter (full point). 
 exor., executor. 
 exorcize*, not -ise. 
 exordium/ *, the begin- 
 ning ; pi. -S* {see also 
 
 exod-). 
 exp., export, -ation, -ed, 
 
 express, 
 expanded type (typ.), a 
 
 type of unusually wide 
 
 face, as A.BCD. 
 ex parte* (Lat.), one-sided 
 
 (no hyphen, except as adj.). 
 expectable*, «o/ -ible. 
 expecter*, not -or. 
 ex pede Herculem (Lat.), 
 
 judge from the sample, 
 expense*, not -ce. 
 experimentalize*, not 
 
 -ise. 
 
 experimenter*, not -or. 
 
 experimentjum (Lat), an 
 experiment, pi. -a; ex- 
 perimentum crucis, a 
 
 crucial test. 
 
 experto crede I (Lat.), be- 
 lieve one who has tried it ! 
 
 explanation*, abbr. expl. 
 
 exploiter*, not -or. 
 
 explorator*, not -er. 
 
 export/, -ation, -ed, abbr. 
 exp. 
 
 expos6*, explanation (not 
 ital.). 
 
 expositor*, not -er. 
 
 ex post facto* (Lat.), after 
 the fact. 
 
 expostulator*, not -er. 
 
 Ex-President (caps.). 
 
 express, abbr. exp. 
 
 expresser*, not -or. 
 
 expressible *, not -able. 
 
 expressivo (mus.), with 
 expression, use es-*. 
 
 ex I pro fesso (Lat), by pro- 
 fession ; —proprio motu 
 (Lat.), of his own accord. 
 
 exrx., executrix. 
 
 exsiccataB (bot.), dried 
 plants, not -ti. 
 
 ext., external, -ly, extinct, 
 extra, extract. 
 
 extasy , extatic, use ecs-*. 
 
 extempore* (not ital.). 
 
 ex tempore (Lat.), at the 
 time. 
 
 extemporize*, not -ise. 
 
 extender*, not -or. 
 
 extendible*, not -able. 
 
 extensor*, a muscle, «o^-er. 
 
 external/, -ly, abbr. ext. 
 
 externalize*, mo/ -ise. 
 
 externat* (Fr. m.), a day 
 school. 
 
 extinct, abbr. ext. 
 
 extinct eur *, a fire ex- 
 tinguisher (not ital.). 
 
 extirpator*, not -er. 
 
 extol/ *, -led*, -ler * ,-ling* . 
 
 extorter*, not -or. 
 
 extortioner*, not -or. 
 
 extra, extract, abbr. ext. 
 
 extractable *, not -ible. 
 
 extractor*, not -er. 
 
 114 
 
EXTRACTS — EZRA 
 
 extracts, see authorities, 
 quotations. 
 
 extramural* (one word). 
 
 extravaganza* (notital.). 
 
 ex USU (Lat.), by use. 
 
 exuviae*, cast coverings of 
 animals. 
 
 ex-voto*, an offering made 
 in pursuance of a vow. 
 
 Exzellenz (Ger. f.), Excel- 
 lency; abbr, Bxz,, not 
 Exc-. 
 
 Eyck (Van), family of 
 Flemish painters. 
 
 eye/ball, -brow*, -ful*, 
 not -full; -glass (one 
 word). 
 
 eyeing*, not eying. 
 
 eye/lash, -lid*, -piece* 
 (optics) (one word). 
 
 eyerie, use aerie*. 
 
 eye/sight*, -sore*, -wit- 
 ness* (one word). 
 
 eyot*, «o/ait. 
 
 eyrie, eyry, use aerie*. 
 
 Ezekiel, abbr. Ezek. 
 
 Ezra, not to be abbrevi- 
 ated. 
 
 lis 
 
E NOTES 
 
 1X6 
 
E IQ-QTES 
 
 117 
 
p. — PAKIB 
 
 P., Fahrenheit, Father (R.C. 
 priest), (Univ.) Fellow, 
 felon, (naut.) fog, formula, 
 -ae, Friday, the sixth in 
 a series, all proper names 
 with this initial except _^ 
 
 P, fluorine, (math.) func- 
 tion, (pencils) fine. 
 
 f., farthing, fathom, feet, 
 feminine, following, foot, 
 franc, furlong, (Ger.) fol- 
 gende Seite (next page), 
 fur (for). 
 
 /* {mvLS.), forte (loud). 
 
 P.A., Football Association. 
 
 f.a.a.*, free of all average. 
 
 fabliau/*, a metrical tale ; 
 pi. -X*. 
 
 fac.*, facsimile. 
 
 fa9ade* (not ital.). 
 
 face* (typ.), the printing 
 surface of type, etc. 
 
 facet/*, -ed*, -ing*, not -it-. 
 
 facetiaB*, humorous anec- 
 dotes (not ital.). 
 
 facia*, shop-front tablet 
 (not ital.). 
 
 fades* (nat. hist.), general 
 aspect (ital.). 
 
 facUe princeps (Lat.), 
 easily best. 
 
 facilis descensus Averni 
 (not Averno), easy is the 
 descent to Avernus. 
 
 facine, ms^ fascine*. 
 
 Pacit {Ger. arith. n.), pro- 
 duct, result. 
 
 fafK)n de parler (Fr. f.), 
 manner of speaking. 
 
 facsimile* (one word, not 
 ital); /:>/. -s*, abbr.fac* 
 
 facta non verba (Lat.), 
 deeds, not words. 
 
 factotum* (not ital.). 
 
 factum est (Lat.), it is 
 done. 
 
 facul/a*, bright solar spot ; 
 pi. -fi9 *, not fae-. 
 
 feec/es*, -al*, notfc-. 
 
 faecul/a*, sediment ; pL 
 -SB*, not fe-. 
 
 " Faerie Queene," by 
 Spenser, 1590-6. 
 
 Paeroe Isles, use Faroe. 
 
 fasx popull (Lat.), dregs of 
 the people. 
 
 fag-end* (hyphen). 
 
 faggot*, not fagot. 
 
 Fahrenheit*, temperature 
 scale; abbr. F.*, orFahr. 
 
 faience*, glazed pottery, 
 not fai'-, fay-. 
 
 faineant*, idle, idler (not 
 ital.). 
 
 faint* ruled (paper), not 
 fe-. 
 
 fair copy (typ.), tran- 
 script free from cor- 
 rections ; abbr. f. CO. 
 
 fairej des frais (Fr.), to 
 make efforts to please ; 
 
 — ses frais, to cover 
 expenses ; — ecole, to 
 found a school of art, etc. ; 
 
 — une Scole, to make a 
 blunder; — feu, to fire 
 guns, etc. ; — du feu, to 
 light a fire ; — son pa- 
 quet, to pack up and go ; 
 
 — un paquety to make 
 a parcel ; — sulvre, to 
 be forwarded, abbr. F.S. 
 
 fair play* (two words), 
 fairway*, not fare- (one 
 
 word), 
 falsan (Fr. m.), pheasant. 
 fait accompli (Fr. m.), a 
 
 thing done, 
 faithful/*, -ly*. 
 Paithfull (Emily), 1835- 
 
 95, writer. 
 Faizabad, Oudh, not Fyz-. 
 Fakenham, Norfolk, a/so 
 
 Suffolk. 
 fakir*, not -keer, -kier, 
 
 -queer, -quir (not ital.). 
 
 18 
 
FAIiDEBAL — PAUBOUEa 
 
 falderal*, songVefrain, not 
 
 fal de rol, folderol. 
 faldetta*, Maltese hooded 
 
 cape, 
 faldstool*, not fold- (one 
 
 word). 
 Falk Laws, Germany, 
 fal-lal*, finery, wo/fallol. 
 fallible*, «o/ -able. 
 falsa lectio (Lat.), a false 
 
 reading; abbr. f.l, 
 falucca, use felucca*, 
 falutin, use highfalutin* 
 
 (one word). 
 P. A.M., Free and Accepted 
 
 Masons. 
 fam., familiar, family. 
 familiarize*, «o/ -ise. 
 family, abbr. fam, ; (bot., 
 
 zool.) to have cap., not 
 
 ital. 
 fanaticize*, to infuriate, «o/ 
 
 -ise. 
 fandango* (Sp.), a dance 
 
 or its music (not ital.). 
 fanfare* (mus.), a flourish. 
 fanfaronade *, brag, not 
 
 -nnade, -farronade. 
 fantalsles (Fr. typ. f.), 
 
 fancy types. 
 fantasia* (mus.), a fancy 
 
 composition (not ital.). 
 fantast*, a dreamer, wo/ph-. 
 fantasy*, not ph-. 
 fantoccini* (It.), marion- 
 ettes. 
 fantom, use ph-*. 
 faqu/eer, -ir, use fakir*, 
 far., farad, -aic, farriery, 
 
 farthing. 
 farad/* (elec), unit of 
 
 capacity ; symbol (J) ; 
 
 -aic*, not -ic ; abbr. far. 
 Paraday (Michael), 
 
 1791—1867, chemist. 
 faradization *, application 
 
 ofmed. elec; Mo^faradais-. 
 farce (Fr. f.), force-meat. 
 farceujr * (Fr.), /em. -se, 
 
 a joker. 
 farev^ay, use fair- *. 
 farewell* (one word). 
 far-fetched* (hyphen). 
 farinaceous*, not -ious. 
 
 Paringdon, Berks {see also 
 Parr-). 
 
 farm-house* (hyphen). 
 
 Parne Islands, N. Sea, 
 not Farn, Fearne, Feme. 
 
 far niente (It.), doing 
 nothing. 
 
 Paroe Isles, not Fae-. 
 
 Parquhar, pron. fark'wer. 
 
 farrago*, «o/fara-. 
 
 Parrar (P. W., Dean), 
 183 r-1903, writer ; — (Sir 
 G. H.), 1859- (see also 
 Pay-). 
 
 Parrer (Baron), 1859- ; 
 — (Sir W. J.), 1822-. 
 
 farriery, abbr. far. 
 
 Parringdon, Hants (see 
 also Pari-). 
 
 farth/er *, -est*, com p. and 
 superl. of far: further 
 means in addition to, and 
 is used when the notion 
 of far, or distance in space, 
 is altogether absent. 
 
 farthing*, abbr. f., or far. 
 
 fasces* ipL), a bundle of 
 rods (ital.). 
 
 fasei/a* (arch.); //. -sb* 
 (not ital.). 
 
 fascicle*, also fascicule*, 
 part of a book or volume. 
 
 fasciculjus* (Lat.), a 
 bundle ; pi. -/* (ital.), 
 abbr. fasc, 
 
 fascine*, a bundle, not fa- 
 cine (not ital.). 
 
 P.A.S.E., Fellow of the 
 Antiquarian Society, Ed- 
 inburgh. 
 
 fastens/ -een *, -eve *, 
 -even* (Sc), Shrove 
 Tuesday, not feastings-. 
 
 fata Morgana*, mirage 
 (ital.). 
 
 fat face type, one with 
 tbick stems and fine hair- 
 lines, as this. 
 
 Pather (R.C.), abbr. P.* 
 
 fathom, abbr. f., or fm. 
 
 fatigable*, «o/ -guable. 
 
 faubourg* (Fr. m.), a 
 suburb, cap. F when with 
 name (not ital.). 
 
 119 
 
FAUCIT — FELUCCA 
 
 Faucit (Helen), Lady 
 Martin, 1820-98, actress. 
 
 Faulkland, in "The 
 Rivals," by Sheridan. 
 
 fault-finding* (hyphen). 
 
 faun/* (myth.), pi. -s {see 
 also fawn). 
 
 fauna/*, pi. -s* (not ital.). 
 
 fausse tortue (Fr. f.), 
 mock-turtle. 
 
 faute de mieux (Fr.), 
 for want of better. 
 
 fauteuil/*, arm-chair; pi. 
 -S (not ital.). 
 
 fauxj (Fr. m.), aforgery ; (f.) 
 a scythe ; — Jour (astr.), 
 false light; — pas* (Fr. 
 m.), a blunder (two 
 words). 
 
 Fawkes (Guy), 1570- 
 1606, conspirator. 
 
 fawn*, a colour (see also 
 faun). 
 
 fayence, ms^ faience*. 
 
 Fayrer (Sir Joseph), 
 1 824-, physician {see also 
 Farr-). 
 
 F.B., Fenian Brotherhood, 
 Free Baptist; F.B.A., 
 Fellow of the British 
 Academy, not F.R.B.A. ; 
 F.B.S., Fellow of the 
 Botanical Society ; 
 
 F.B.S.E., Fellow of the 
 Botanical Society, Edin. 
 
 F.C., Football Club, Free 
 Church (of Scotland) ; 
 /. C. , fidei-commissum (be- 
 queathed in trust) ;F.C. A., 
 Fellow of the Chartered 
 Accountants (off. descrip- 
 tion) ; F.C.C., First Class 
 Certificate; F.C.O., use 
 F.R.C.O.; fco., franco 
 (free) ; f. CO., fair copy ; 
 F.C.P., Fellow of the 
 College of Preceptors ; 
 fcp., foolscap; F.C.S., 
 Fellow of the Chemical 
 Society. 
 
 F.D., fidei defensor (De- 
 fender of the Faith). 
 
 TpQfferrum (iron). 
 
 FearneIsles,M5^Fame — . 
 
 fearnought*, a woollen 
 
 cloth, not -naught. 
 feasible*, not -able, 
 feastings-, 5^^ fastens- *. 
 featherfew^, use fever-*. 
 February*, abbr. Feb. 
 fecal, feces, use fae- *. 
 fecerunt (Lat.), they made 
 
 it ; abbr. fil 
 fecial, use fetial*. 
 fecit (Lat.), he, or she, made 
 
 it ; abbr. fee, 
 fecula, sediment, usef2Q-*. 
 federal associations, see 
 
 Assemblies. 
 Federalist*, abbr. Fed.* 
 federalize*, not -ise. 
 Feejeean, use Fijian, 
 feeoff/, -ee, ws^feo-*. 
 feet, use only for two feet 
 
 and over, not for one and 
 
 a half foot, etc. ; abbr. f., 
 
 or ft., sign '. 
 feff/, -ment, use feoff*. 
 Fehmgericht, use V-. 
 Feilding,fam. nameof Earl 
 
 of Denbigh {see alsoFie-). 
 feint *, to pretend. 
 feint ruled, use fai- * — . 
 F.E.I.S., Fellow of the 
 
 Educational Institute of 
 
 Scotland, 
 felds/par*, -pathic*. 
 felicner {Lat), happily. 
 fellah/*, Egyptian peasant ; 
 
 pi. -een*, not -s, -in {see 
 
 also Fulahs). 
 fellmonger *, hide-dealer. 
 felloe*, wheel rim, not 
 
 felly. 
 Fellow* (Univ.), abbr. 
 
 F.* ; in Lat. socius*; or, 
 
 in the Royal Society, 
 
 sodalis*. 
 fellow-citizen* (hyphen). 
 fell/y, use -oe*. 
 felo-de-se* (Aug.- Lat.), 
 
 suicide ; pi. felos-de-se. 
 felon, abbr. F. 
 Fels-Naptha, not naph-. 
 fels/par, -pathic, use 
 
 feld- *. 
 felucca*, a vessel, not fa-, 
 
 fi-, -lucca, -louk. 
 
 ISO 
 
PEM.— FEZ 
 
 fern., feminine. 
 
 female (bot., zool.), sign 9. 
 
 feme/* (law), wife, not 
 femme ; — covert*, mar- 
 ried woman (no hyphen) ; 
 — -sole *, unmarried 
 woman (hyphen) {see also 
 femmie). 
 
 Femgericht, use Vehm-. 
 
 fem.inine, abbr. f., orfem. 
 
 feminize*, to make femin- 
 ine, not -ise. 
 
 femmej de chambre * 
 (Fr. f.), chambermaid, pi. 
 
 femmes ; — ga- 
 
 lante, a prostitute ; — 
 incomprise, an unap- 
 preciated woman ; — 
 savante, learned — (see 
 also fem.e). 
 
 fem/ur*, thigh bone, pi. 
 -ora* (not ital.) ; -oral. 
 
 feneible*, not -able. 
 
 fencing *, abbr. fenc. 
 
 fendable*, not -ibie. 
 
 fendju (Fr.),/em. -lie, cut 
 open. 
 
 r^nelon (F. de S. de la 
 M.), 1651-1715, writer, 
 not Fenelon. 
 
 fenestrja* (Lat.), a small 
 hole ; pi. -as*. 
 
 fenugreek*, a plant, not 
 foenu-. 
 
 feoff/*, -ee*, notfeeo-, feff. 
 
 feoffor* (law), not -er. 
 
 feras natures (law), wild 
 animals. 
 
 Ferd., Ferdinand. 
 
 Ferdausi, Persian poet, 
 use Fir-. 
 
 fer-de-lance*, viper. 
 
 feridgi* (Turk.), woman's 
 cloak, not -ijah. 
 
 fermentescible *, «o^-isc-. 
 
 Fernando Noronha, 
 Brazil. 
 
 Feme Islands, use 
 Fame — . 
 
 Ferrara (Andrea), sword- 
 smith, i6th cent. 
 
 Ferrari (Paolo), 1822-89, 
 It. dramatist. 
 
 ferret/*, -ed*, -er*, -ing*. 
 
 ferrule*, not ferrel, ferule. 
 
 ferrum (iron), symbol Fe. 
 
 fertilize*, not -ise. 
 
 fervour*, not -or. 
 
 F.E.S., Fellow of the 
 Entomological Society. 
 
 fesse* (her.), not fess. 
 
 festa* (It.), a festival. 
 
 festina lente (Lat.), 
 hasten slowly. 
 
 fet/e*, entertainment, -ed* 
 (not ital.); fSte-cham- 
 petre*, outdoor entertain- 
 ment ; PSte-Dleu, feast 
 of Corpus Christi, pi. 
 P&tes (ital., hyphen). 
 
 mjS (Fr.), /em. -Se, well 
 entertained (ital.). 
 
 fetial*, ambassadorial, not 
 fee-. 
 
 fetid*, notice-. 
 
 fetish/*, not -ich, -iche; 
 -eer*, -ism*, -ist* (not 
 ital.). 
 
 fetor*, bad smell, not foe-. 
 
 fetus, use foe- *. 
 
 feu/* (Scot.), ground rent, . 
 pron. few ; pi. -S. 
 
 feud., feudal. 
 
 feudalize*, to make feudal. 
 
 feu\d*artifice{Yr.m.\ fire- 
 
 • work, pi. feux —; — de 
 
 jole*, a salute, pi. feux 
 
 *^ 
 
 feu-duty* (hyphen). 
 
 feuille (Fr. typ. f.), a sheet. 
 
 feuille-morte (Fr. m.), 
 filemot. 
 
 Feuillet (Octave), 1821- 
 90, Fr. writer. 
 
 feuilletl (Fr.typ. m.), a leaf ; 
 — blanc, blank leaf. 
 
 feuilletage (Fr. cook, m.), 
 pufF-pastry. 
 
 feuilleton* (Fr. m.), light 
 literature ; in Fr. a con- 
 tinuous story printed at 
 the bottom of a newspaper 
 page (not ital.). 
 
 feverfew* (bot.), pyreth- 
 rum, not feather-, fetter- 
 foe. 
 
 fez/*, a cap; pi. -es (not 
 ital.). 
 
F.P. — FIGURES 
 
 F.F., Felicissimi Fratres 
 (Most Fortunate Broth- 
 ers), (naut.) thick fog. 
 
 P. /. (Ger. ), Fortsetzungfolgt 
 (to be continued). 
 
 ff., fecerunt (they made it), 
 (Ger.) folgende Seiten (fol- 
 lowing pages), following 
 (preferred to et seq.). 
 
 ff(typ.), as initials forproper 
 name, not Ff (s^^ffolkes). 
 
 //* {m\xs.\ fortissimo {y&ry 
 loud). 
 
 F.F.A., Fellow of the 
 Faculty of Actuaries. 
 
 fff* Cm us.), fortissimo (as 
 loud as possible). 
 
 fPolkes (Sir W. H. B.) 
 (l.c.#). 
 
 F.F.P.S., Fellow of the 
 Faculty of Physicians and 
 Surgeons; F.F.P.S.G-., 
 ditto, Glasgow. 
 
 F.G., Foot-guards, (leather) 
 fine grain, (paper) fric- 
 tion glazed ; f.g.a.*, free 
 of general average ; 
 F.G.O., Fellow of the 
 Guild of Organists ; 
 F.G.S., Fellow of the 
 Geological Society. 
 
 f.i., for instance. 
 
 F.I.A., Fellow of the 
 Institute of Actuaries. 
 
 fiacre'' (Fr. m.), a four- 
 wheeled cab. 
 
 fianc/e*, fem. -6e*, one 
 betrothed (not ital.). 
 
 fiasco/*, a failure ; pi. -S. 
 
 fibre *, not -er, 
 
 fibrill/a*, a small fibre; pi 
 -SB* (not ital.). 
 
 fibrin*, wo/ -ine. 
 
 F.I.C., Fellow of the In- 
 stitute of Chemistry. 
 
 fichu*, shoulder cape. 
 
 iict., fictilis (made of pot- 
 tery). 
 
 fiction, abbr. fict. 
 
 F.I.D., Field IntelHgence 
 Department. 
 
 fidalgo* (Port.), a noble. 
 
 fiddlededee ! * nonsense ! 
 (one word). 
 
 fidei-commissum* (Lat.), 
 bequeathed in trust ; fidei 
 defensor. Defender of 
 the Faith, abbr. F.D., or 
 fid. def. 
 
 fidget/*, -ed*, -ily*, 
 -ing*, -y * (one / only). 
 
 fi done! (Fr.) for shame ! 
 
 fidus Achates (Lat.), a 
 trusty friend. 
 
 fie-fie*, improper, not fi-fi. 
 
 Fielding (Henry), 1707- 
 54, novelist {seealso'Fei-). 
 
 Field-Marshal (hyphen, 
 caps.) ; abbr. F.M. 
 
 Field OfBcer (no hy- 
 phen) ; abbr. F.O. 
 
 Fiennes, pron. fynz. 
 
 fieri- facias*, a writ ; abbr. 
 //. fa. * 
 
 fifb/y, -ieth, symbol L. 
 
 fig., figurative, -ly, figure. 
 
 Figuier (L.), 1819-94, 
 writer. 
 
 figurantj*, an actor, fem. 
 -e*; m.and f.pl. -/'*, not-es. 
 
 figures, to be used for : 
 —ages, but ''he died 
 in his eightieth year" ; 
 bookwork, rarely, and 
 only those over 100 ; 
 dates; degrees, of heat ; 
 distances ; dollars, 
 omit the ciphers for cents 
 when there are none, as 
 $100, not $100 . 00 ; 
 measures; money, omit 
 ciphers for shillings and 
 pence, when there are 
 none, as ;^5o, not ;i^5o. 
 OS. od. ; narrow mea- 
 sure (works of) ; num- 
 bers with vulgar or deci- 
 mal fractions ; races, dis- 
 tance and time ; scores, 
 of games and matches; 
 specific gravity; sta- 
 tistics; time of day 
 when followed by a.m. or 
 p.m.; votes; "weights; 
 not to be combined with 
 words, for one amount : 
 use all figures, or spell all 
 out ; commas to separate 
 
FiaUBES — riNNISH 
 
 each three consecutive 
 figures from the right 
 when five or more, except 
 In math, work ; number of 
 a house in road or street, 
 etc., not to be followed by 
 comma as " it does not 
 make the meaning 
 clearer." 
 
 figures, spell out for : — 
 accuracy — when im- 
 portant ; book - ivork 
 generally, always under 
 loo ; beginning of 
 sentences; degrees of 
 inclination ; indefinite 
 amounts, as two or three 
 miles; legal work, al- 
 ways; street names (nu- 
 merical), as First Street, 
 Fifth Avenue {see also 
 fractions). 
 
 figures/ (arabic), i, 2, 3, 
 etc. ; — and plates, re- 
 ferences to be " Plate II, 
 fig. 4 " ; caps, on the plate 
 to be s.caps. in the text ; 
 — (dotted), i, 2, 3, may 
 indicate repeating deci- 
 mals; — (roman nu- 
 merals), i, ii, iii, etc., to 
 be used for folios of pre- 
 liminary matter (no point 
 after), not to be used for 
 date on title page ; — 
 (scratched), \ ^, etc., 
 indicate figures cancelled, 
 but which are to be 
 printed {see also author- 
 ities, lac, numerals). 
 
 P.I.Inst., Fellow of the 
 Imperial Institute. 
 
 F.I. J., use F.J.I. 
 
 Fiji/, -an, not Feejee, -an, 
 Viji. 
 
 Fildes (Luke), 1844-, 
 painter. 
 
 filemot*, a yellowish- 
 brown, «o/filamort, filmot; 
 in Fr. m. feullle-morte. 
 
 filet (Fr. cook, m.), fillet. 
 
 filibeg* (Sc), not filli-, 
 fily-, phila-, phili-, philli-. 
 
 filibuster*, not filli-. 
 
 filigree/*, not fila-, filla-, 
 filli- ; — letter (typ.), an 
 initial with filigree back- 
 ground. 
 
 Pilipinas, Sp. for Philip- 
 pine Islands. 
 
 fUle del chambre (Fr. f.), 
 chambermaid, pi. filles 
 ; /o/e, a prosti- 
 tute. 
 
 fillet/*, in Fr. m. filet; 
 -ed*, -ing*. 
 
 fillibeg, use fili- *. 
 
 fillip *, a stimulus. 
 
 fillipeen, game of forfeits, 
 use Philippine *. 
 
 filmot, use filemot*. 
 
 filoselle*, floss silk (not 
 ital.). 
 
 fils (Fr, m.), son, as Dumas 
 fils (not ital.). 
 
 filucca, use felucca *. 
 
 Fin., Finland, Finnish. 
 
 finable*, liable to a fine. 
 
 finale*, conclusion (not 
 ital.). 
 
 P. Inc. S. T., Fellow of the 
 Incorporated Society of 
 Shorthand Teachers. 
 
 findon-haddock, use fin- 
 nan *. 
 
 fine-paper edition, abbr. 
 P.P. 
 
 finesse* (not ital.). 
 
 fingan * (Turk.), coffee-cup, 
 not -Jan. 
 
 finger-end*, pi. finger- 
 ends* (hyphen, no apos.). 
 
 finicking*, fastidious, not 
 finikin. 
 
 finis*, the end (not ital.); 
 (typ.) use of this on the last 
 page dying out; if used, 
 separate by blank lines, 
 and set in even s.caps. 
 
 Pinistdre, dep. France 
 (accent, one r). 
 
 Finisterre (Cape), Spain 
 (no accent, two /s). 
 
 finnan-haddock*, «o/the 
 many variations. 
 
 Finnish/, abbr. Fin.; — 
 language (typ.), is set in 
 ordinary roman characters. 
 
 123 
 
PIN. SEC. — FIiESHER 
 
 Pin. Sec, Financial Secre- 
 tary. 
 
 fiord* (Norw.), arm of the 
 sea, not fj- (not ital.). 
 
 P.I.P.S., Fellow of the 
 Incorporated Phono- 
 
 graphic Society. 
 
 fir., firkin, -s. 
 
 Pirdausi, 93o(?)-io2o, 
 Persian poet, not Ferdausi, 
 Firdousi, Firdusi. 
 
 fire/-arins *, — escape *, 
 
 fly*, place*, — 
 
 -plug* (abbr. P.P.), — 
 -proof* (hyphens). 
 
 fireside* (one word). 
 
 firkin/, -s, abbr. fir. 
 
 firman*, an edict. 
 
 tira* (Alps), former years' 
 snow (ital.). 
 
 first-born* (hyphen). 
 
 first proof (typ.), the first 
 impression taken, and 
 corrected by the ''copy." 
 
 fist* (typ.), the m-. 
 
 fisticufls*, boxing, not 
 fisty-. 
 
 fistula* (not ital.). 
 
 fitchew*, a polecat. 
 
 five, symbol V. 
 
 fivefold* (one word). 
 
 PitzGerald (Edward), 
 1809-83, poet and trans- 
 lator (one word), cap G. 
 
 fixed star, sign ^ or %. 
 
 fizgig*, not fis-, fizz-. 
 
 fizz*, a sound, «o/fiz. 
 
 fjeld* (Norw.), mountain 
 (not ital.). 
 
 P.J.I., Fellow of the Insti- 
 tute of Journalists, not 
 F.I.J. 
 
 fjord, use fiord*. 
 
 P.K.Q.C.P.I., Fellow of 
 the King's and Queen's 
 College of Physicians, 
 Ireland, now P.R.C.P.I. 
 
 PI., Flanders, Flemish. 
 
 fl., florin, fluid, (Aus.) 
 Gulden. 
 
 H., /lores (flowers), floruit 
 (flourished). 
 
 ^.1., falsa lectio (a false read- 
 ing). 
 
 Pla., Florida (off. abbr.). 
 
 flabbergast*, not flaba-, 
 flaber-. 
 
 flabelljum* (Lat.), a fan ; 
 pl. -a*. 
 
 flacon*, a small bottle. 
 
 flagell/um * (zool. ), a whip- 
 like appendage ; pl. -a*. 
 
 flageolet* (mus.), not -elet 
 (not ital.). 
 
 flageolet* (Fr. m.), a kid- 
 ney-bean (ital.). 
 
 flagon *, large wine bottle. 
 
 flagrante! bello (Lat.), 
 during hostilities ; — de- 
 licto, during the crime. 
 
 flag/ship*, -stafl"* (one 
 word). 
 
 flair*, a ray fish (not ital.). 
 
 flair* (Fr. m.), scent (ital.). 
 
 flambeau/*, a torch ; pl. -x 
 (not ital.). 
 
 flamboyant* (not ital.). 
 
 flamingo/, pl. -s. 
 
 flan (Fr. cook, m.), custard. 
 
 flanconade* (fenc), not 
 -nnade. 
 
 Planders, abbr. Pl. 
 
 flinejrie* (Fr. f.), lounging ; 
 -ur*, fern. -use, an idler. 
 
 flannelette *, not -ellette. 
 
 flannelled*, «o^-eled. 
 
 flat-cap*, writing paper 
 
 17x14 in- 
 flat/ impression* or — 
 
 pull* (typ.), a simple 
 
 proof without over- or 
 
 underlaying, 
 flatus/*, pl. -es* (not ital.). 
 Plaubert (Gustave), 
 
 1821-80, Fr. writer. 
 flautist*, a flute-player, 
 
 not flu-. 
 flavour*, 6w^flavorous*. 
 flawy*, with flaws, not-ey. 
 flhche* (Fr. f.), an arrow, 
 
 a slender spire. 
 flection, use flexion*, 
 fledgeling*, not -gling. 
 fleet (the) has, not have. 
 Plemish, abbr. Pl. ; (typ.) 
 
 resembles Dutch, but y 
 
 often used for ij. 
 flesher* (Sc), a butcher. 
 
 134 
 
ITiEITR — POLDEROIi 
 
 fleur-de-lis*, heraldic lily, 
 not lys, nor flower- 
 de-luce ; pi. fleurs-de- 
 lis (not ital.). 
 
 fleuret* (Fr. m.), a fencing- 
 foil. 
 
 tleuron* (Fr. typ. m.), a 
 tail-piece. 
 
 flexible*, not -able. 
 
 flexion*, «o/-ction. 
 
 flibbertigibbet*, a chat- 
 terer. 
 
 "Pliegende Hollander 
 (Der)»* (The Flying 
 Dutchman), opera by 
 Wagner, 1843. 
 
 Fllegenkdpfe (Ger. typ. 
 m.), turned letters. 
 
 flier, use flyer*. 
 
 floatage*, «o/flot-. 
 
 floatation, use flot-*. 
 
 flocculjus* (Lat.), a small 
 tuft ; pi. -i*. 
 
 Ploirac, a claret. 
 
 flong* (typ.), paper for 
 stereo-moulding. 
 
 Flood (the) (cap.). 
 
 f lor., floruit (flourished). 
 
 flora/* (hot.), pi, -s (not 
 ital.). 
 
 f lores (Lat.), flowers; abbr. 
 ff. 
 
 floriate*, florally decorat- 
 ed, not -eate. 
 
 Florida, offic. abbr. Fla. 
 
 florin, abbr. fl. 
 
 floruit* (Lat.), flourished ; 
 abbr. fl.,orflor. 
 
 flotation*, not float-. 
 
 flotsam and jetsam* 
 (naut.), not float-. 
 
 flourished, abbr. fl. 
 
 F.I1.S., Fellow of the Lin- 
 nean Society (oflf. spell- 
 ing), not Linnae-. 
 
 fluent (math, typ.), the sign 
 of integration J*. 
 
 Fliigel (J. G.), 1788-1855, 
 lexicographer. 
 
 flugelman, use fugle- *. 
 
 fluid, abbr. fl. 
 
 fluldus (Lat.), liquid. 
 
 fluky *, not -ey. 
 
 flummox*, to confound, 
 not -ix, -ux. 
 
 flunkey/*, not-ky; pi. -s. 
 
 fluorine*, «o/-in; symbol 
 F*. 
 
 fluoroscope, X-ray 
 
 screen. 
 
 Flustr/a*, a seaweed ; pi. 
 -8B* (not ital.). 
 
 flutist, use flautist*. 
 
 fluty*, flute-like, not -ey. 
 
 fluxions* (math.), not 
 -ctions. 
 
 fly*,/./, flies*. 
 
 flyer *, not flier. 
 
 fly/-leaf*(typ.), ablank leaf 
 at the beginning or end of 
 a book, also blank leaf of 
 
 a circular ; sheet*, a 
 
 two- or four-page tract; 
 
 title*, the half-title in 
 
 front of the full title, or 
 the one dividing sections 
 of a work (hyphens). 
 
 fly-wheel* (hyphen). 
 
 F.M., Field-Marshal, For- 
 eign Mission. 
 
 fm., fathom. 
 
 F.M.D., foot-and-mouth 
 disease. 
 
 F.O., Field Officer, Foreign 
 Office, (mus.) full organ. 
 
 fo., folio. 
 
 f.o.b.*, free on board. 
 
 focalize*, not -ise. 
 
 fo*c*sle*, a/50 forecastle*. 
 
 foe/us*, pi. -i. 
 
 foeus/ed*, -es*,-ing*, not 
 -uss-. 
 
 fcBnugreek, usefe^*, 
 
 foetid, use fe-*. 
 
 foetor, use fe- *. 
 
 foet/us*, -al*, -ation*, 
 -icide*, notfe-. 
 
 fog (naut.), abbr. F.* ; 
 thick — , abbr. F.F.* 
 
 foggy*, misty. 
 
 fog/y*, one with antiquated 
 notions, not -ey, -ie; 
 pi. -ies. 
 
 Fdhn*, Alpine south wind. 
 
 foie (Fr. m.), liver. 
 
 fol., following. 
 
 folderol, use falderal*. 
 
 125 
 
FOLDSTOOL — FOOT-WOTES 
 
 foldstool, use fald-*. 
 
 folgendej ( Ger.), the follow- 
 ing ; — Seite, next page; 
 abbr. f., pi. ff. 
 
 foliaceous*, leaf-like, not 
 -ious. 
 
 folio, a book, etc., composed 
 of sheets folded but once, 
 and so having two leaves 
 to the sheet ; a sheet of 
 paper folded in two leaves 
 only ; number of a page 
 at top or bottom (for 
 prefatory matter to be in 
 romafT numerals) ; 72 
 words in English parlia- 
 mentary procedure and 
 English law, 100 words in 
 America by U.S.A. Act; 
 abbr. fo. 
 
 folio (untrimmedleaf) — 
 atlas — , 26x17 in. 
 crown or post — , 15 x 
 
 10 
 demy—, iq^xii^U 
 elephant — , 23 x 14 
 foolscap — , 13V2 X 8^/2 
 imperial — , 22 x 15 
 medium — , 18 x ii^a 
 royal — , 20x12^2 
 
 folio versOf on the back 
 
 of the leaf ; abbr. f.v. 
 folilum* (Lat.), a leaf; pi. 
 
 -a. 
 Polketing, lower house 
 
 of Danish Parliament or 
 
 Rigsdag ; not -thing, 
 folk-lore* (hyphen). 
 folklor/ism*, -ist*, -istic* 
 
 (no hyphen). 
 follicle *, not -cule. 
 following, abbr. f., or fol. 
 fonda* (Sp.),aninn. 
 fondant*, asweetmeat (not 
 
 ital.). 
 fondue* (Fr. cook, f.), 
 
 melted cheese, eggs, etc., 
 
 not fondu (ital.). 
 tons et origo (Lat.), source 
 
 and origin ; pron. — — 
 
 6-ri'go. 
 
 font* (Amer. typ.), Eng. 
 
 fount*. 
 Pontainebleau, dep. 
 
 Seine-et-Marne. 
 fonte (Fr. typ. f.), fount, 
 food-stuff* (hyphen). 
 foolscap (paper) — 
 
 folio, isVaXSVain. 
 
 octavo, 6^4x4^/4 
 
 quarto, S^.^ x 6^4 
 
 writing paper, 17 x 
 
 abbr. cap., o;'fcp. 
 
 foos * (bot.) , the house-leek, 
 not fews, foose, fooz, 
 fouse. 
 
 foot, pi. feet, one and a 
 half foot, etc., not feet 
 until two are reached ; 
 abbr. f., or ft., sign '. 
 
 foot-and-mouthdisease* 
 (hyphens), abbr. F.M.D. 
 
 football* (one word). 
 
 Foot-guards* (in order of 
 precedence), the Grena- 
 dier, Coldstream, Scots, 
 and Irish Guards (hy- 
 phen) ; abbr. F.Q. 
 
 foothold* (one word\ 
 
 foothook (naut.), use fut- 
 tock*. 
 
 footlights* (one word). 
 
 foot-line* (typ.), the bot- 
 tom line of a page, always 
 blank, except for "signa^ 
 ture " of sheet, etc. 
 
 foot-notes*, in MS. should 
 be written immediately 
 after the word to which 
 they refer, and not at the 
 bottom of the MS. page ; 
 each to make a paragraph; 
 all references to be by 
 superior figures outside 
 the final point, or quotes. 
 In math, works, where 
 figures might mislead, 
 use *, f, etc. A white 
 line, or rule, should separ- 
 ate foot-notes from the 
 text (5^^ a/50 authorities, 
 reference marks). 
 
 126 
 
POOT-POUND — PORTITER 
 
 foot-pound*, abbr. f.p. 
 
 for., foreign. 
 
 f.O.r., free on rail. 
 
 forainlen*{LsLt.), an orifice; 
 pi. -Ina*. 
 
 forasmuch* (one word). 
 
 foray*, not forray. 
 
 forbade*, «o/ -bad. 
 
 forbear *, an ancestor, noi 
 fore-. 
 
 for/bear*, -bore*, -borne*. 
 
 force majeure (Fr. f.), 
 circumstances beyond 
 one's control. 
 
 force-meat*, not forced- 
 (hyphen). 
 
 forceps *, pi. same. 
 
 forcible*, mo/ -cable. 
 
 for cite*, a dynamite, not 
 -site. 
 
 forearm* (one word). 
 
 forecast *. 
 
 forecastle*, a/50 fo*c*sle*. 
 
 fore-edge*, the edge of 
 a book opposite the bind- 
 ing {see also margins). 
 
 fore-end*, not forend. 
 
 Forefathers* Day * 
 
 (U.S.A.), 21 December. 
 
 forefinger* (one word). 
 
 foregather, use forg- *. 
 
 forego*, to go before; 
 forgo*, to abstain from, 
 relinquish, etc. 
 
 forehead*. 
 
 foreign, abbr. for. 
 
 Foreign/ Mission, abbr. 
 F.M. ; — OfG.03 (caps.\ 
 abbr. F.O. 
 
 forejudge*, to judge be- 
 forehand ; foijudge* 
 (law), to exclude. 
 
 forel*, a covering, «o/forr-. 
 
 fore-run* (hyphen), but 
 forerunner*. 
 
 fore/said*, -see *, -short- 
 en*, -sight*, -stall*, 
 -warn*, not for- (one 
 word). 
 
 foret (Fr. m.), a gimlet. 
 
 for^t (Fr. f.), a forest. 
 
 foretell*, not fort-, fortel. 
 
 for ever* (two words). 
 
 forfend*, not fore-. 
 
 forgather *, not fore-. 
 
 forget-me-not * (botany). 
 
 forgettable*, «o/-etable. 
 
 forgivable*, «o/-eable. 
 
 forgo*, to abstain from, re- 
 linquish, etc.; forego*, to 
 go before. 
 
 for instance, abbr. f.i. 
 
 forjudge* (law), to ex- 
 clude ; forejudge*, to 
 judge beforehand. 
 
 forma pauperis {in) 
 (Lat.), as a pauper. 
 
 format*, the shape and 
 size of a book, ^ thin 
 quarto, thick octavo, etc. 
 (not ital.). 
 
 forme (Eng. and Fr. t}^). f.), 
 a body of type secured 
 in the frame called a chase, 
 not form. 
 
 former *, correlative of 
 latter. 
 
 formul/a*, pi. -sb* (not 
 ital.) ; abbr. F. 
 
 formularize*, to formu- 
 late, not -ise. 
 
 foment* (Sc), facing, not 
 -nst. 
 
 forray, use foray*. 
 
 forsaid, use fore- *. 
 
 ** Fors Clavigera,** by 
 Ruskin. 
 
 forspeak*, not fore-. 
 
 forspend*, not fore-. 
 
 Forster (John), 1812-76, 
 biographer {see also 
 Foster), 
 
 forsw/ear*, -ore*, -om*. 
 
 Fort, cap. F when with 
 name, as Fort South- 
 wick, Tilbury Fort ; abbr. 
 Ft. 
 
 fort., fortification, fortified. 
 
 fortel* (mus.), strong and 
 
 loud, abbr./*; piano* 
 
 loud, then immediately 
 soft, abbr. fp; — -pps- 
 sibile, as loud as possible. 
 
 fortell, use fore- *. 
 
 fortissimo*, very loud ; 
 abbr. //* or fff* (ital.). 
 
 fortiter in re (Lat.), un- 
 yielding in action. 
 
 127 
 
FOBTSETZUNQ — FRANCO 
 
 Forisetzungj folgt (Ger.), 
 
 to be continued, abbr.F./. ; 
 — und Schtuss folgen 
 (Ger.), to be continued 
 and concluded, abbr. 
 F.i/.S./. 
 
 Port William, Inverness 
 (two words). 
 
 forzando*(lt. mus.),forced; 
 abbr. sfz. 
 
 fossja* (Lat.), a cavity; pi, 
 -as*. 
 
 fosse *, a ditch, not foss. 
 
 fossilisse*, not -ise, 
 
 Poster (Birket), 1825-99, 
 painter; — (John), 1770- 
 1843, essayist ; — (Sir 
 Michael) , 1 836-, physiol- 
 ogist {see also Forster). 
 
 Foucault(J.B.Ij.), 1819- 
 68, Fr. physicist. 
 
 Foulahs, use Fulahs. 
 
 foulard *, a fabric (not ital.). 
 
 foully*. 
 
 foul proof* (typ.), one 
 marked with many errors. 
 
 foundry*, not -ery. 
 
 fount* (typ.), a complete 
 set of type of one par- 
 ticular face and size ; in 
 Amer. font* ; in Fr. f. 
 fbnte, 
 
 fourfold* (one word). 
 
 Fourth of JvQy, U.S.A. 
 (caps.). 
 
 Fox (C. J.), 1749-1806, 
 politician ; — (George), 
 1624-91, quaker. 
 
 Foxe (John), 1516-87, 
 martyrologist. 
 
 foxed * paper, stained 
 yellowish-brown. 
 
 foxhound (one word). 
 
 foyer *, theatre lounge (not 
 ital.). 
 
 F.P., Fine Paper (the best 
 edition of a work) ; fire- 
 plug. 
 
 f.p. (mech.), foot-pound. 
 
 i5p (mus.), forte-piano. 
 
 f.p.a., free of particular 
 average. 
 
 F.E.., Forum Romanum 
 (the Roman Forum). 
 
 Fr., France, French, Friar, 
 Friday, and proper names 
 thus beginning ; (Ger.) 
 Frau (Mrs., wife) ; (It.) 
 Fratelli (Brothers). 
 
 fr., franc, from ; (Ger.) 
 frei (free). 
 
 fracas* (not ital.). 
 
 fractionize*, wo^-ise. 
 
 fractions (typ.), are more 
 legible with the stroke 
 oblique, as ^/a {not ■^), 
 and should be so printed ; 
 
 — when they cannot be 
 supplied in type, to be 
 spelt out ; compound — , 
 as eight thirty-seconds 
 or forty - seven sixty- 
 fourths, to take hyphen 
 for the compounded 
 numeral ; — as one-half, 
 two-thirds, half-crown, 
 half- past, quarter-day, 
 should take the hyphen ; 
 decimal — , point to be 
 a full point turned up ; 
 isolated — , spell out, as 
 one-eighth, not ^J^; split 
 
 — (typ.), those with the 
 dividing line attached to 
 the denominator, and the 
 numerator justified over 
 it {see also figures). 
 
 fraenum*, not fre-. 
 
 Fragezeichen (Ger. typ. 
 n.), interrogation mark (?). 
 
 frais (Fr. m. pi.), cost, ex- 
 penses ; (adj.) fresh. 
 
 Fraktur (Ger. typ. f.), text 
 or Hack tetter, ae t^i. 
 
 F.B.A.M., Fellow of the 
 Royal Academy of 
 Music. 
 
 framable*, «o^-eable. 
 
 framboise* (Fr. f.), rasp- 
 berry. 
 
 franc* (Fr. m.), coin (not 
 ital.) ; abbr. f. or fr., pi. 
 f. or frs., to be put after 
 the figures, as 10 f. 50 c, 
 or 10*50 fr. 
 
 France, abbr. Fr. 
 
 franchise *, not -ize. 
 
 franco, free ; abbr. fco. 
 
 laQ 
 
FRANCTIREUR — FRENCH 
 
 tranC'tlreur* (Fr, m.), 
 a light infantryman ; pi. 
 francs'tireurs. 
 
 frangipane*, a cake, also 
 perfume, not -ni. 
 
 Frankenstein, the hero 
 who constructed a mon- 
 ster, not the monster. 
 
 ** Frankfurter Zeitung/* 
 not Frankfor-, -fQ-. 
 
 Franz - Josef Land, 
 Arctic Ocean. 
 
 frappant* (Fr.), striking. 
 
 frappS* (Fr.), iced. 
 
 F.R.A.S., Fellow of the 
 Royal Astronomical So- 
 ciety. 
 
 Fraser ,fam. name of Barons 
 Lovat and Saltoun ; — 
 (A. C), 1819-, philos. 
 writer {see also Frazer). 
 
 •• Fraser*s Magazine.** 
 
 fratje* (It.), a friar; /./. -/*. 
 
 fraternize*, «o^-ise. 
 
 Frau * (Ger. f.), Mrs., wife, 
 not Frau ; pron. frow ; abbr. 
 Ft. ; pi. Frauen. 
 
 Frauenhofer (J. von), 
 1 787-1826, physicist. 
 
 Fraulein* (Ger. n.), 
 ' ' Miss, ' ' young lady, pron. 
 froi'line ; pi. same ; abbr. 
 Frl. 
 
 Frazer (J. G.), 1854-, 
 folklorist (5^^ a/so Fraser). 
 
 F.R.C.I., Fellow of the 
 Royal Colonial Institute ; 
 F.R.C.O., Fellow of the 
 Royal College of Organ- 
 ists ; F.R.C.P., ditto 
 Physicians ; F.R.C.P.E., 
 ditto Physicians, Ed- 
 inburgh ; F.R.C.P.I., 
 ditto Physicians, Ireland ; 
 F.R.C.S., ditto Surgeons, 
 London ; F.R.C.S.E., 
 ditto Surgeons, Edin- 
 burgh ; F.R.C.S.I., 
 ditto Surgeons, Ireland ; 
 F.R.C.S.Ij., ditto Sur- 
 geons, London (L. rarely 
 added); F.R.C.V.S.L., 
 ditto Veterinary Sur- 
 geons, London. 
 
 Freacadan Dubh (Gael.), 
 the Black Watch (regi- 
 ment). 
 
 F.R.Econ.Soc, Fellow 
 of the Royal Economic 
 Society. 
 
 Fred., Frederic, Frederick. 
 When it is the full name, 
 or a diminutive of famili- 
 arity, it takes no point. 
 
 free/ of all average, abbr. 
 f.a.a.*; ditto general 
 average, f.g.a. ; ditto 
 particular average, 
 f.p.a. ; — on board, 
 f .o.b. * ; — on rail, f.o.r. 
 
 free/ - thinker*, — 
 
 -tnought* (hyphens). 
 
 free will* (two words). 
 
 freeze*, to congeal {see also 
 frieze). 
 
 frel (Ger.), free ; abbr. fr. 
 
 Freiberg, near Dresden. 
 
 Freiburg, or Fribourg, 
 Switz. 
 
 Freiburg/ im Breisgau ; 
 German abbr. — i. B. 
 
 Frelhetr, Ger. title ; abbr, 
 Frhr. 
 
 «* Freischiitz (Der)," 
 opera by Weber, 1819. 
 
 freize, erron. for frieze*. 
 
 Fremantle, W. Australia, 
 not Free-. 
 
 French (typ.), alphabet as 
 Eng. ; acute accent (') 
 used only over e, giving 
 sound of a in Eng. date ; 
 when two ^'s come to- 
 gether, the first a/z£/ays has 
 acute accent, as nee; ad- 
 jectives of nationality, 
 the first personal pronoun, 
 months, and days of week, 
 have not caps., as anglais, 
 je, mars, lundi; cedilla C 
 (f) only used before a, o, 
 and M ; circumflex ac- 
 cent (^) is used over any 
 vowel; diasresis, as in 
 Eng.; grave accent (v) 
 used over a, e, and u ; the 
 digraphs «, a, not to be 
 separated; hyphen need 
 
 1S9 
 
PRENCHIPIED — FRUMENTY 
 
 not be used with compound 
 adjectives, nouns, verbs, 
 or numerals ; abbr. Fr. 
 
 frenchified*, French-like 
 (not cap.). 
 
 french polish/*, -er 
 (two words, not cap.). 
 
 frenum, use fras- *. 
 
 frenzy*, not ph-. 
 
 freq,, frequent, -ly, -ative. 
 
 ft^re (Fr. m.), brother, 
 friar. 
 
 fresco/*, pi. -es* (not ital). 
 
 freshwater*, adjective 
 (one word), noun (two 
 words). 
 
 Fresnel (A. J.),i788-i827, 
 physicist 
 
 F.R.G.S., Fellow of the 
 Royal Geographical So- 
 ciety. 
 
 F.B.Hist.Soo., Fellow of 
 the Royal Historical So- 
 ciety. 
 
 Frbr, (Ger.), Freiherr (a 
 title). 
 
 F.R.H.S., Fellow of the 
 Royal Horticultural So- 
 ciety. 
 
 Fri., Friday. 
 
 Friar, abbr. Fr. 
 
 friar* (typ.), a light or im- 
 perfectly inked patch in 
 printed matter. 
 
 j&iar's balsam *, mo^ friars' 
 balsam. 
 
 F.R-I.B.A., Fellow of the 
 Royal Institute of British 
 Architects. 
 
 Fribourg, see Freiburg. 
 
 fricandeau/*, braised and 
 larded fillet of veal ; pi, 
 -X* (not ital.). 
 
 fricassee*, a white stew 
 (not ital., no accent). 
 
 frictionize *, to rub, not 
 -ise. 
 
 Friday, abbr. F., or Fri.; 
 (astr.) sign §. 
 
 Friedrichsruh, Bis- 
 
 marck's residence. 
 
 frier, use fryer *. 
 
 frieze*, cloth, also part 
 below cornice, not frei-. 
 
 Mplier* (Fr.), /em. -ihre, 
 dealer in old clothes, not 
 fripp-. 
 
 Fris., Frisia (Friesland), 
 Frisian. 
 
 frisette*, curls on fore- 
 head, not -tt, friz-. 
 
 fritj (Fr. cook.), fern, -e, 
 fried. 
 
 frizz*, to roughen, not friz. 
 
 Frl. (Ger.), Fraulein(Miss). 
 
 F.R.Met.Soc, Fellow of 
 the Royal Meteorological 
 Society; F.R.M.S., ditto 
 Microscopical Society. 
 
 fro (no point). 
 
 Froebel (F. W. A.), 1782- 
 1852, educationist. 
 
 frolic/*, -ked*, -king*. 
 
 fromage (Fr. m.), cheese. 
 
 Frontignac*, a muscat 
 grape or wine (not ital.). 
 
 frontis/piece* (typ.), faces 
 title (one word) ; in Fr. m. 
 'pice, 
 
 Froude (J. A.), 1818-94, 
 historian ; pron. frood. 
 
 "Froufrou,** comedy by 
 Meilhac and Halevy. 
 
 frou-frou'' (Fr. m.), a rust- 
 hng. 
 
 Frowde (H.), publisher, 
 London ; pron. frowd. 
 
 frowzy*, musty, not irons- ^ 
 frouz-, frowsy. 
 
 F.R.S., Fellow of the Royal 
 Society, in Lat. R.S.S. 
 {Regise, Societatis Sodalis) ; 
 frs., francs; F.R.S.C., 
 Fellow of the Royal 
 Society, Canada ; 
 
 F.R.S.E., ditto Edin- 
 burgh ; F.R.S.G.S., ditto 
 Geog. Society of Scot- 
 land ; F.R.S.Ii., ditto 
 of Literature ; ditto Royal 
 Society, London, usually 
 F.R.S. only; F.R.S.S., 
 ditto Statistical Society ; 
 F.R.S.S.A., ditto Scot- 
 tish Society of Arts ; 
 F.R.S.S.S., ditto Statis- 
 tical Society of Scotland. 
 
 frumenty*, boiled wheat 
 
 130 
 
FRUSTUM — PUSIYAMA 
 
 with milk, sugar, etc., not 
 the many variations. 
 
 frust/um* (geometry), not 
 -rum ; pi. -a*. 
 
 fryer*, not frier. 
 
 F.S. (Fr.), /aire suivre (to 
 be forwarded) ; F.S.A., 
 Fellow of the Society of 
 Antiquaries; F.S.A.I., 
 ditto of Ireland; F.S.A.L., 
 ditto of London, usually 
 F.S.A.only;F.S.A.Scot., 
 ditto of Scotland; F.S.I., 
 Fellow of the Sanitary 
 Institute, Free Sons of 
 Israel; F.S.S., now 
 F.R.S.S. ; F.S.S.I., Fel- 
 low of the Statistical 
 Society of Ireland. 
 
 Ft., fort; ft., faint, feet, 
 (paper) flat, foot, forti- 
 fied ; F.T.C.D., Fellow of 
 Trinity College, Dublin. 
 
 fuchsia* (hot.) (not ital.). 
 
 fuc/us* (Lat), a seaweed; 
 pi. -i*. 
 
 fuelled*, «o/-eled. 
 
 fuggy* (Sc), foggy. 
 
 fugleman*, leader in mili- 
 tary exercises, not flugel-, 
 flugle-, fugal-, fugel-. 
 
 fugue* (mus.) (not ital.). 
 
 Fujiyama, volcano, Japan, 
 not the many varia- 
 tions. 
 
 Fulahs, Sudanese, not 
 Fellah, Fellani, Feulhs, 
 Foulahs, Fulbe {see also 
 feUah). 
 
 fulcr/um*, a prop ; pi. -a* 
 (not ital.). 
 
 fulfil*, not -fill. 
 
 fulgor*, splendour, not 
 -gour. 
 
 full-bound*, bound en- 
 tirely in leather (hyphen). 
 
 full-faced (typ.), A 
 FOUNT OF CAPI- 
 TALS OCCUPY- 
 ING THE WHOLE 
 DEPTH OF THE 
 BODY, AS THIS. 
 
 fullness *, not fulness. 
 full point* (typ.), the 
 
 full stop or period {see 
 punctuation, XXI). 
 
 fulmar*, a petrel. 
 
 fumatory*, a place for 
 smoking {see also fumi-), 
 
 fumigator*, not-er. 
 
 fumitory* (hot.), a plant 
 {see also fiuna-). 
 
 function (math.), abbr. 
 F (no point). 
 
 fung/us*, //. -i* (not 
 ital.). 
 
 funny-bone*, at elbow 
 (hyphen), 
 
 fur., furlong. 
 
 fiir (Ger.), for ; abbr. f. 
 
 furbelow, a flounce, not 
 -lldw. 
 
 furfur/*, dandrufi"; pi, 
 -es* (not ital.). 
 
 furlong, abbr. f., or fur, 
 
 furmenty, use fru-*. 
 
 Fumess (Sir C), 1852-. 
 
 Fumiss (Harry), 1854-, 
 caricaturist. 
 
 furniture (typ.), the 
 material used in making 
 margins, etc., for a printed 
 sheet. 
 
 furor * (Lat.), rage 
 (ital.). 
 
 furore* (It.), enthusiastic 
 admiration (not ital.). 
 
 furry*, fur-like. 
 
 Fiirst von Bismarck, 
 Prince Bismarck. 
 
 further*, in addition to. To 
 be used only when the 
 notion of far, or distance 
 in space, is altogether 
 absent {see also far- 
 ther). 
 
 fusain*, a special crayon. 
 
 fus/e*, -ee, not fuz-. 
 
 F,U.S,f, (Ger.), Fortsetzung 
 und Schluss folgen (to be 
 continued and conclud- 
 ed). 
 
 fusible*, not -able. 
 
 fusil*, not -zil. 
 
 fusilier*, not -leer. 
 
 fusillade *, not -ilade. 
 
 Fusiyama,volcano,Japan, 
 use Fujiyama. 
 
 131 
 
 9 
 
FUSK — F.Z.S. 
 
 fusk*, dark- brown, «o/ fuse, P.W.A., Factories and 
 
 tut., future. Workshops Act ;F.W.B., 
 
 futhorc*, runic alphabet, Free Will Baptists. 
 
 not -ark, -ork. Fyzabad, use Faizabad. 
 
 futtock* (naut.), not F.Z.A. (Amer.), Fellow of 
 
 foothook, -oak. the Zoological Academy, 
 
 fuz/e, -ee, -il, use fus-*. F.Z.S., Fellow of the 
 
 f. v., folio verso (on the back Zoological Society. 
 
 of the page). 
 
 133 
 
P WrOTES 
 
 I 
 
 133 
 
F NOTES 
 
 134 
 
a. - GALITZOT 
 
 G 
 
 G., Grand, Gulf, (naval) 
 gunnery, the seventh 
 in a series, all proper 
 names with this initial. 
 
 g., guinea, -s, (Fr.) gauche 
 (left), grosj, -se (big), 
 (naut.), gloomy. 
 
 g* (dyn.), acceleration of 
 gravity. 
 
 Q.A., General Assembly. 
 
 Ga., Gallic, Georgia (oflF.). 
 
 Ga (chem.), gallium. 
 
 gabbro/* (geol.), pi. -s. 
 
 gaberdine*, a loose cloak, 
 not gaba-. 
 
 Gaboriau (ifi.), 1835-73, 
 Fr. writer. 
 
 gaby*, a simpleton, ttot-ey, 
 gabbey, gawby. 
 
 Gadarene swine. 
 
 Gaddi, family of Florentine 
 painters, 1259-1396. 
 
 Gadhelic*, of the Scotch 
 Gaels. 
 
 Gaditanian*, of Cadiz. 
 
 gadolinum, symbol Gd. 
 
 Gadshill, Charles Dick- 
 ens's residence, 1860-70 
 (one word). 
 
 Gaekwar, not Guico-. 
 
 Gaelic/, abbr. Gael. ; — al- 
 phabet, same as English, 
 but no/, k, q, V, w, x,y, z. 
 
 gage *, a, or to, pledge {see 
 also gauge). 
 
 gage d*amour (Fr. m.), 
 love-token. 
 
 gaietS de caeur (Fr. f.), 
 light - heartedness {not 
 gaite). 
 
 gaiety*, not gay-. 
 
 Gaikwar, use Gaek-. 
 
 gaitlarde (Fr. typ.f.), a size 
 of type between eight 
 and nine point, or about 
 bourgeois. 
 
 gaillardia* (botany), a 
 plant. 
 
 gaily*, not gayly. 
 gainsay* (one word). 
 Gairdner (James), 1828-, 
 
 hist ; — (Sir "W. T.), 
 
 1 824-, physician ; pron. 
 
 gard'ner {see also Gard-). 
 gairfish, use gar-*, 
 gairfo-wl, use gare-*. 
 Gate Loch, Clyde, use 
 
 Gare — . 
 Gal., Galatians. 
 gal., gallon, -s. 
 gala.}*, pi. -a (not ital.). 
 galantine* (cook.), not 
 
 gall- (not ital.). 
 Oalantuomo {II Re)^ 
 
 King Victor Emmanuel I. 
 galanty show*, a shadow 
 
 pantomime, not -tee, 
 
 gallantee, -ty, 
 Galatea (Acis and). 
 Galatia, Asia Minor. 
 Galatz, not-acz, -atch. 
 galavant, use galli-* 
 gale (meteor.), wind mov- 
 ing 40-70 miles per hour. 
 galSe (Fr. typ. f.), a galley, 
 galeeny*, a guinea-fowl, 
 
 not -aney, -ainy, -eny, 
 
 -ina, -iny, -llini. 
 galena* (mineral.), not 
 
 -aena. 
 galera (Sp. typ.), a galley. 
 galere {qu*aHaIt il taire 
 
 dans cette) (Fr.), what 
 
 business had he there ? 
 galerle (Fr. f.), gallery. 
 Galilean*, of Galilee, or 
 
 of Galileo. 
 Galileo [Galilei], 1564- 
 
 1642, astr. etc. ; in Fr. 
 
 QaWSe, It. OalileL 
 galingale*, a sedge, not 
 
 gala-, 
 galiot, a vessel, use gall-*, 
 galipot*, a resin. 
 Galitzin, Russ. family, not 
 
 Gall-, Galy-, Goly-. 
 
 135 
 
a AliliANTY — GARCILASSO 
 
 gallantyshow,Ms^gala-*. 
 
 gallaway, see gallo-. 
 
 Galle (Point de), Ceylon. 
 
 gallery, in Fr. f. galerie. 
 
 aalles(Fr. f. sing.), Wales. 
 
 galley/* (typ. \ a flat oblong 
 tray for holding composed 
 type; — proofs*, those 
 supplied in "slips" about 
 18 in. long (see proof). 
 
 Gallic, abbr. Ga. 
 
 gallicize*, to make Gallic 
 or French, not -ise. 
 
 galligaskins *, not -in. 
 
 gallimaufry*, a medley. 
 
 Gallio, a typical sceptic. 
 
 galliot*, a vessel, «o^gali-. 
 
 Gallipoli, S. Italy, Turkey. 
 
 gallipot *, a small jar. 
 
 gallium*, symbol Ga. 
 
 gallivant*, not gala-, gali-. 
 
 gallon/, -s, abbr. gal. 
 
 galloon*, a dress trimming. 
 
 gallop/*, a horse's move- 
 ment ; -ed *, -er *, 
 -ing* {see also galop). 
 
 gallopade *, Hungarian 
 dance, wo^galop-, gallopp-. 
 
 Gallovidian*, of Gallo- 
 way. 
 
 Galloway, S.W. Scot. 
 
 galloway*, a horse, also 
 breed of cattle, not galla-. 
 
 Gallwey (Sir Ralph 
 Payne), 1848-, writer 
 {see also Gal way). 
 
 galoot* (U.S.A.), an awk- 
 ward fellow, not gall-, 
 geel-. 
 
 galop/*, a dance {see also 
 gallop). 
 
 galore*, in abundance (not 
 ital.). 
 
 galosh/*, an overshoe, 
 not -oche, -oeshoe, -oshe, 
 goloshe ; -ed * ; in boot- 
 trade golosh. 
 
 galumph*, to galop trium- 
 phant. 
 
 galv., galvanic, -ism. 
 
 Galvani (Luigi), 1 737-98, 
 discoverer of galvanism. 
 
 galvaniser (Fr. typ.), to 
 electrotype. 
 
 136 
 
 galvanize*, «o/-ise. 
 Qalvanoplastik (Ger. f.), 
 
 electrotyping. 
 Galway, W. Ireland {see 
 
 also Gallwey). 
 Galwegian*, of Gallo- 
 way. 
 Gama (Vasco da), 1467- 
 
 1524, navigator, 
 gambler*, a gum, not 
 
 -beer, -bir. 
 gambit (chess opening), 
 
 Allgaier, Kieseritzki, 
 
 Muzio, Salvio, Steinitz. 
 gamboge*, Mo/-booge. 
 gambol/*, -led*, -ling*. 
 ** Game and Playe of 
 
 Chesse (The),** 1475. 
 gamekeeper* (one word), 
 gamin*, a street arab (not 
 
 ital.). 
 gammon*, a cured ham, 
 
 not gamon. 
 gamy*, of game, not -ey. 
 Gand, Fr. for Ghent. 
 Gandamak, Afghanistan, 
 
 not Gundamuk. 
 G. & S.W.R., Glasgow and 
 
 South-Western Railway, 
 gangli/on*, pi. -a*, 
 gangway* (one word). 
 ganister*, a hard stone, 
 
 not gann-. 
 Qansefiisschen (Ger. 
 
 typ. n. pi.), quotation 
 
 marks (cap.) {see also 
 
 German), 
 gantlet, use gaun- *. 
 gantry*, a beer-stand, not 
 
 gaun-. 
 gaol/, -er, butjailj*, -er* 
 
 preferred {see also goal). 
 G.A.B-., Grand Army of 
 
 the Republic, 
 garage (Fr. m.), coach- 
 house formotor-car, dock, 
 
 siding (not ital.). 
 garamond (Fr. typ.), a 
 
 ten-point type. 
 Garay (J6.nos), 1812-53, 
 
 Hungarian poet. 
 Garcilasso/ de la Vega, 
 
 1503-36, Sp. poet ; — 
 
 "thelnca," 1540-1616. 
 
GARCKE — GAUDEAMUS 
 
 Garcke (Emil), 1856-, 
 
 electrician. 
 gar^on* (Fr. m.), bachelor, 
 
 boy, waiter (ital.). 
 ^ande/(Fr.m.),akeeper;(f.)a 
 sick-nurse ; (typ. m.), end- 
 papers ; — a cheval (m.), 
 mounted guard ; — chattl' 
 petre, rural policeman,^/. 
 gardes champStres (no 
 
 hyphen) ; chiourme, 
 
 convict warder ; c6te, 
 
 coast-guard, pi. gardes- 
 
 cdtes ; fou (m.), a 
 
 parapet. 
 
 Garde na tionale (Jr.), 
 national guard (I.e. «), 
 
 "Gardeners* Chronicle 
 (The)," abbr. G.Ch. 
 
 gardenia* (bot.) (not ital.). 
 
 Gardens, abbr. Qdns. 
 
 Gardiner ( Samuel Raw- 
 son), 1829-1902, his- 
 torian ; — (Stephen), 
 1483-1555, Bp. of Win- 
 chester {see also Gair-). 
 
 Gardner (E. A.), 1862-, 
 archaeologist; — (Percy), 
 1846 -, archaeologist; — 
 (Wells), Darton & 
 Co., publishers, London 
 {see also Gair-). 
 
 ^are(Fr.f.), railway station. 
 
 gare-fowl*, the great auk, 
 not gair-, gar- (hyphen). 
 
 Gare IJoch, Clyde, not 
 Gair — . 
 
 garfish*, not gair-, gare-. 
 
 gargarize*, not -ise. 
 
 gargoyle*, «o/ -ile. 
 
 Garhwal, N.W. India. 
 
 gari, use gharry *. 
 
 garish*, not gair-. 
 
 garlic*, 6«/ garlicky*. 
 
 Garlics (Lord), 1892-, 
 son of Earl of Galloway. 
 
 Garnet (Henry), 1555- 
 1606, of the Gunpowder 
 Plot. 
 
 garnet*, a stone. 
 
 Garnett (Dr. Richard), 
 1835-, author, librarian. 
 
 gam 1 1 {Fr.),/em. -/e, fur- 
 nished. 
 
 garron*, a horse, not -an. 
 garrott/e*, to throttle ; 
 
 -er*, not -ote, garotte. 
 Garter King-of-Arms*, 
 
 not — — at — (caps., 
 
 hyphens). 
 gasconade*, boasting, to 
 
 boast, not gasconn-. 
 gaselier*, not gasa-, gaso-. 
 gasification*, not gase-, 
 
 gassi-. 
 Gaskell (Mrs.), 1810-65, 
 
 writer, 
 gasogene, use gazo-*. 
 gasolene*, «o/-leine,-line, 
 
 gazoline. 
 gasometer, use gashold- 
 er. 
 gaspilljS (Fr.), /em. ~6e, 
 
 squandered. 
 Gasserian ganglion*, 
 
 not C . 
 
 gasteropod*, a mollusc, 
 
 not -tropod (not ital.). 
 Gasteropoda*, the mollusc 
 
 class, not -tropoda (not 
 
 ital.)'. 
 Qastjhaus (Ger. n.), an 
 
 inn ; pi. -hauser (cap.). 
 Gastjbof (Ger. m.), an 
 
 hotel ; pi. 'bofe (cap.). 
 gastronome*, a judge of 
 
 good eating (not ital.). 
 gatl6{Fr.),fem. -^e, spoiled. 
 gMteau (Fr. m.), a cake. 
 gate/-keeper*, post* 
 
 (hyphens). 
 gateway* (one word), 
 gather* (typ.), to place the 
 
 printed sheets of a book 
 
 in proper sequence. 
 Gattungj (Ger. f.), genus ; 
 
 pi. -en (cap.). 
 Gau (Ger. m.), county, or 
 
 district (cap.), 
 gauch/e*, awkward ; 
 
 -erie *, awkwardness 
 
 (not ital.). 
 gauche (Fr.), left ; abbr. g. 
 
 (ital.). 
 gaucho/*, a native of the 
 
 pampas, not gua-; pi. -S. 
 gaudeamus*, college- 
 students' merry-making. 
 
 137 
 
GAUDICHAUD — GELERT 
 
 Gaudichaud (C), 1789- 
 1864, botanist ; abbr. 
 Gaud. 
 
 gauffer, use goffer*. 
 
 gaug/e*, a measure ; -ing*, 
 not guage {see also gage). 
 
 gauntlet/*, a long glove, 
 not gant- ; -ted. 
 
 gauntr/ee, -y, use 
 gantry*. 
 
 gaur*, Indian ox, not gore, 
 gour (not ital.). 
 
 Gauss (J. K. F.), 1777- 
 1855, mathematician. 
 
 Gautama Buddha, foun- 
 der of Buddhism. 
 
 gauzy*, not -ey. 
 
 gavel*, a president's mallet. 
 
 gavotte*, a dance or music, 
 not -ot, -ott. 
 
 gawby, use gaby*. 
 
 gay/ity, -ly, use gaiety*, 
 gaily*. 
 
 Gay-Lussac (L. J.); 
 1 778-1850, chemist. 
 
 gaz., gazette, -er. 
 
 gazel, use ghazal*. 
 
 gazelle *, antelope, not -el. 
 
 gazett/e*, -eer*, abbr. gaz. 
 
 gazogene*, aerated- water 
 apparatus, not -en, gaso- 
 gene (not ital.). 
 
 G.B., Great Britain ; G. B. 
 & I., Great Britain and 
 Ireland ; gbr. (German), 
 gehrduchlich (usual). 
 
 G. C, Gentleman Cadet, 
 Grand Chancellor, — 
 Chapter, — Conductor ; 
 G.C.B., Knight Grand 
 Cross of the Bath ; g.c.f. 
 (math.), greatest common 
 factor; G.C.H., Knight 
 Grand Cross of Hanover ; 
 G.Ch., " The Gardeners' 
 Chronicle"; G.C.I.E., 
 Knight Grand Com- 
 mander of the Indian Em- 
 pire ; G.C.L.H., Grand 
 Cross of the Legion of 
 Honour; g.c.m. (math.), 
 greatest common meas- 
 ure; G.C.M.G., Knight 
 Grand Cross of St. Michael 
 
 and St. George ; G.C.R., 
 
 Great Central Railway ; 
 
 G.C.S.I., Knight Grand 
 
 Commander of the Star 
 
 of India ; G.C.V.O., 
 
 Knight Grand Cross of the 
 
 Royal Victorian Order. 
 G.D., Grand duchess, 
 
 — duchy, — duke ; Gd 
 
 (chem.), gadolinum ; 
 
 Gdns., Gardens. 
 Ge (chem.), germanium ; 
 
 g.e. (binding), gilt edges. 
 Qeh, (Ger.), Gehruder 
 
 (Brothers). 
 geh, (Ger.), ^^6ori?« (born), 
 
 gehunden (bound). 
 Geblrge (Ger. n.), moun- 
 tain chain (cap.). 
 Qebriider (Ger.), Brothers; 
 
 abbr. Qeb. (cap.). 
 gecko/*, a house-lizard ; 
 
 pi. -s. 
 Qedankenstrich (Ger. m. 
 
 typ.), pause, dash, em 
 
 rule (cap.). 
 gee/- ho*, up*, call to 
 
 horses, not je-. 
 Qeheim rat {Ger. m.), privy 
 
 councillor, «o/ -ath ; abbr. 
 
 Oeh. (cap.). 
 Geibel (E. von), 1815-84, 
 
 German poet. 
 Geikie (Sir A.), 1835-, 
 
 geologist; pron. gek'6. 
 Geisenheimer, a white 
 
 Rhine wine. 
 geisha *, Jap. dancing-girl ; 
 
 pi. same, pron. ga'- 
 
 sha. 
 Geissler (H.), 1814-79, 
 
 inventor of vacuum tube 
 
 named after him {see also 
 
 Giesler). 
 gekrdnterDichter{ Ger. ), 
 
 Poet Laureate (one cap.). 
 gelatine*, «o/ -in. 
 gelatinize*, not -ise. 
 Qeld (Ger. n.), money 
 
 (cap.). 
 Gelderland, use Gue-. 
 
 gelder rose, use gue *. 
 
 gelSe (Fr. f.), frost, jelly. 
 Gelert, of Welsh legend. 
 
 [38 
 
gelinotte*, hazel-hen, not 
 
 -ote. 
 GeUert (C. P.), 1715-69, 
 
 German poet, 
 gelsemium/* (hot.), not 
 
 -inum ; pi. -s. 
 
 gem (typ.), '4?^. el^h'tJn a'n'L« 
 lines to the inch, »> this. 
 
 gemel*, finger-ring, hinge, 
 
 etc., not gemew, gimbal, 
 
 gimmal, gimmer. 
 Gemini* (astr.), Castor and 
 
 Pollux, symbol n (not 
 
 ital.). 
 gemmja*, a bud ; //. -«*. 
 gemsbok*, S. African 
 
 antelope, «o/-buck. 
 Gen., General, Genesis, 
 
 Geneva. 
 gen., gender, genera, 
 
 general, -ly, generic, 
 
 genitive, genus, 
 gendarme/* (Fr. m.), pi. 
 
 -s*. 
 gendarmery*, in Fr. f. 
 
 gendarmerie*, body of 
 
 soldiers used as police. 
 gender, abbr. gen. 
 g^nje (Fr. f.), constraint; 
 
 -e, fern, -^e, constrained, 
 genealogize*, to trace 
 
 descent, not -ise. 
 ginipi (Fr. m.), " Swiss '» 
 
 absinth, 
 genera, see genus. 
 General, abbr. Gen. 
 General Assembly (Sc. 
 
 Ch.), abbr. G.A. 
 general election (not 
 
 caps.). 
 generalia*y general prin- 
 ciples. 
 Generalissimo*, supreme 
 
 commander, 
 generalize*, not -ise. 
 generator*, not -er. 
 Genes, Fr. for Genoa. 
 Genesis, abbr. Gen. 
 genes/is, pi. -es. 
 genet*, one of the cats 
 
 (see a/50 jennet). 
 Genevan*, of Geneva, not 
 
 Gendve, Fr. for Cteneva. 
 
 GEIiINOTTE — GEO. 
 
 Gene/vese*, s. and pi., of 
 Geneva ; in Fr. -voisj, 
 /. -e. 
 Genevieve (Sainte), 
 patron of Paris ; pron. 
 zhen'vy-av. 
 Genf, Ger. for Geneva, 
 genit, see genet, jennet, 
 genitive, abbr. gen., or 
 
 genit. 
 gen/ius *,/>/. -ii*, -iuses*. 
 genius loci* (Lat.), the 
 pervading spirit of a 
 place. 
 Gennesaret (Sea of), 
 gennett, see genet, jen- 
 net. 
 Genoese*, of Genoa, not 
 
 -ovese. 
 genre* (art), a painting of 
 the ordinary scenes of life 
 (not ital.). 
 gens*, a clan ; pi. gentes*. 
 gens de la mime familte 
 (Fr. m.), birds of a feather. 
 Qens de Lettres (SociStS 
 des), Fr. soc. of authors. 
 Gensfleisch, see Guten- 
 berg, 
 gent., gentleman, -men. 
 Gentele's green, a colour. 
 gentiij (Fr.), /em. -/e, 
 gentle ; pron. zhahn'tee. 
 Gentile (cap.). 
 gentilliomme (Fr. m.), 
 gentleman ; pi. gentils^ 
 liommes, 
 gentilize*, not -ise. 
 gentleman/ - at - arms * ; 
 — -at -large*; — of 
 the Chapel Royal, a lay 
 singer there (no hyphen), 
 gentleman's card (typ.), 
 or" thirds," sVjeXiVa in. 
 Gentlemen, for printed 
 letters, to be indented 
 one em (cap., comma, no 
 dash ; s.caps. for circu- 
 lars) ; abbr. Gent, 
 genuflexion*, «o/-ction. 
 genus*, pi. genera*, abbr. 
 gen. (see also botany, 
 zoology, etc.). 
 Geo., George. 
 
 139 
 
QEOD. — GEKMAN 
 
 geod., geodesy. 
 Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 
 (:fi.)>i772-i844, zoologist 
 (one hyphen only). 
 geog., geographer, -ical, -y. 
 geogeny*, study of the 
 earth formation, not -ony. 
 Qeoghegan, pron, gay'gan. 
 geographic/ abbrevia- 
 tions, usually consist of 
 first syllable, as Eng. Eng- 
 land, but it is better not 
 to abbreviate names of 
 cities, places, towns ; — 
 qualifiers, used before 
 nouns, as common every- 
 day terms, do not need 
 caps., as Chinese blue, 
 indian ink, roman type. 
 geol., geological, -ist, -y. 
 geologize*, not -ise. 
 geology, names of forma- 
 tions to have caps., as Old 
 Red Sandstone {see also 
 botany, capitaliza- 
 tion, italic, zoology), 
 geom., geometer, -trical, 
 
 -try. 
 geometry, see mathema- 
 tics. 
 Georg, Ger. for George. 
 Georgia, U.S.A., off. abbr. 
 
 Ga. 
 Georgium sidus * (astr.), 
 
 old name for Uranus. 
 G.E.B,., Great Eastern 
 
 Railway. 
 Ger., German, Germany. 
 ger., gerund, 
 geranium/* (bot.), pi. -s 
 
 (not ital.). 
 gerant (Fr. m.)," editor, 
 
 manager. 
 Gerard (John), 1545- 
 1612, botanist, «o^ -arde. 
 gerfalcon*, not gyr-, jer-. 
 Gering (Ulric), d. 1570, 
 
 first printer in Paris, 
 gerkin, use ghe-*. 
 German, abbr. Ger.; (typ.) 
 same letters as English. 
 There are elaborate rules 
 for capitalization, division 
 of words, compounding, 
 
 etc. The following must 
 here suffice. The German 
 character is '^ Fmktur,^^ 
 the roman '•^ Antiqua.^'' 
 Fraktur has no small caps, 
 or italics : emphasis being 
 given by interspacing each 
 letter. Ae^ Oe, Ue, 
 except in some proper 
 names, are now always 
 rendered A, 0, U. The 
 ligatures «, oe, are not gen- 
 erally used, t is now used 
 for th in all but proper 
 names and foreign words, 
 as Tal, not Thai, Rat, not 
 Rath. The plural of many 
 words is formed by chang- 
 ing a, o, u, tod, o, w,as Vater 
 (father), Vdter (fathers). 
 Division of words is by 
 sound, but prefixed nouns, 
 prepositions, etc., remain 
 intact, a.s Erblrecht,hmjaus, 
 entjerben ; also suffixes be- 
 ginning with a consonant, 
 as -chen, -keit, -lein, -ling, 
 
 ~m's. ALL NOUNS AND 
 WORDS USED AS SUCH 
 HAVE CAPITAL INITIALS, 
 
 So also the personal pro- 
 nouns of the second per- 
 son, Ihnen, Ihr, Sie (to 
 you, your, you), and 
 adjectives from names 
 of places and persons, as 
 Leipziger Messe, Kantische 
 Philosophie ; but adjec- 
 tives of countries I.e., as 
 russische Sprache, deutsche 
 Industrie. The quotation 
 marks are two straight 
 
 ' commas before and two 
 turned ditto at end, „ and 
 ", or as in French. 
 
 german* to, relevant ; — 
 (cousin-), not -ane, -ain. 
 
 German Emperor, not 
 Emperor of Germany. 
 
 germanium*, symbol Ge. 
 
 germanize*, not -ise. 
 
 German text, a sft?fc 
 of fi?pe as f^ts. 
 
 140 
 
GERMAKTTOWN — QIBIER 
 
 gennantown* (U.S.A.), 
 
 a wagon. 
 Germany, abbr. Qer. 
 germon* (ichth.), the long- 
 finned tunny. 
 G6r6rtie (J. L.), 1824- 
 
 1904, Fr. painter, 
 gerrymander*, to mani- 
 pulate unfairly, not je- ; 
 pron. g as in go. 
 Gerstacker (P.), 1816-72, 
 
 Ger. writer. 
 Oes. (Ger.), Gesellschqft (a 
 company or society) 
 (cap.). 
 Oeschichte (Ger. f.), his- 
 tory ; abbr. Qesch, (cap.). 
 Qeschlecht (Ger. n.), 
 
 species, sex (cap.). 
 Qesellschaft (Ger. f.), a 
 company or society (cap.) ; 
 abbr. Oes. 
 gespaltener Satz (Ger. 
 typ.), matter set in 
 columns. 
 ** Oesta Romanorum ** 
 (Lat), medieval collection 
 of anecdotes, 
 gesticulator*, not -er. 
 gestorben (Ger.), de- 
 ceased ; abbr. gest,, sign 
 t. 
 get-at-able* (hyphens), 
 gettable*, not geta-, getti-. 
 Gettysburg (battle of), 
 
 Pennsylvania, 1863. 
 Geulincx (Arnold), 1625- 
 69, philosopher ; pron. ge'- 
 links. 
 Qevierte (Ger. typ. n.), em 
 quadrat (cap. ) ; halbes — , 
 en quadrat. 
 Oewandhaus, concert - 
 
 hall, Leipzig, 
 gewgaw* (one word), 
 geyser *, hot spring, not -ir ; 
 
 pron. gy'sr (not ital.). 
 G.F.S., Girls' Friendly Sq- 
 
 ciety. 
 G.G., Grenadier Guards. 
 g.gr., a great gross, or 144 
 
 dozen. 
 gharry*, a vehicle in 
 India, usually gari. 
 
 ghaut* (Ang.-Ind.), moun- 
 tain pass, not ghat, ghat, 
 ghat. 
 ghawazee (Arab.), dancer, 
 not -zi, gaziyah ; pi. same. 
 
 ghazal*, poetic metre, 
 not gazel, ghazel, -sel, 
 -zul. 
 
 Gheel, Belgium, insane 
 colony. 
 
 Ghent, Belg.,in Fr. Gand, 
 Fl. and Ger. Gent. 
 
 gherkin*, a small cucum- 
 ber, not ge-, gi-, gu-. 
 
 Ghetto/*, Jewish quarter; 
 pi. -es (not ital.). 
 
 ghiaoTir, use gi-*. 
 
 Ghibelline*, not -in, 
 Gibeline, Guibeline. 
 
 Ghiberti (L.), 1378-1455, 
 goldsmith. 
 
 ghillie, Ms^gi-*. 
 
 Ghirlandajo (D. C), 
 1449-94, It. painter. 
 
 Ghizeh, use Qizeh. 
 
 Ghoorkas, use Gurkhas. 
 
 ghoul*, an evil spirit, 
 not -ool, -oule, -owl. 
 
 giatio antico* (It.), a rich- 
 yellow marble. 
 
 Giant's Causeway, An- 
 trim, not -ts'. 
 
 giaour*, a Turk, term of re- 
 proach, «o/ghiaour, giaur ; 
 pron. jowr. 
 
 Gib., Gibraltar. 
 
 gibber *, to chatter, not j-. 
 
 gibbet/*, -ed*, -ing*. 
 
 Gibbins (H. de B.), 
 1865-, economist. 
 
 Gibbon (C), 1840-90, 
 writer ; — (Edward), 
 1737-94, historian. 
 
 Gibbons (Grinling), 
 1648-1720, carver. 
 
 gib/e*, to sneer ; -er*, -ing* 
 
 {see also gybe, jib). 
 Gibeline, use Ghibel- 
 line *. 
 
 gibelottc (Fr. f.), rabbit 
 stew. 
 
 Gibeme (Agnes), writer. 
 
 gibier* (Fr. m.), game, 
 wild-fowl. 
 
 141 
 
GIBLET — GLASNEVrN" 
 
 giblet*, notji-. 
 
 gibus *, opera hat (not ital, ) . 
 
 Giesler, a brand of cham- 
 pagne {see also Geissler). 
 
 Giessen University, 
 Germany. 
 
 Qiesserel (Ger. typ. f.), 
 foundry (cap.). 
 
 Giffen (Sir E..), 1837-, 
 statistician ; pron. g as 
 in go. 
 
 gigot* (Fr. cook, m.), leg of 
 mutton, Moi gigot de mou- 
 ton ; (dress.) leg-of-mutton 
 sleeve ; not'y. 
 
 "GU Bias," by Le Sage, 
 
 1715- 
 gild, use guild*. 
 GilfiUan (G.), 1813-78, 
 
 writer. 
 gill (typ.), to put a gloss 
 
 on paper by hot-rolling; 
 
 pron. g as in go. 
 Gill (Jack and)*, «o/ Jill, 
 gillaroo*, rainbow trout ; 
 
 pron. g as in go (not ital.). 
 Gillett (Wniiam), 1839-, 
 
 a founder of Bachelors' 
 
 Club, London. 
 GUlette (^William), 
 
 1857-, actor, writer. 
 gillie* (Scot.), a man ser- 
 vant, not ghillie, gilly. 
 Gillott (Joseph), 1799- 
 
 1873, pen-maker ; pron. j-. 
 Gillray (James), 1757- 
 
 1815, caricaturist; pron. 
 
 g as in go. 
 gill3rflower*, «o/jilli-(not 
 
 itaL). 
 gilt, abbr. gt. 
 gimcrack*, not]-. 
 gimlet*, a tool, «o/gimb-. 
 gimp*, a trimming, a fish- 
 ing line, not gui-, gy-. 
 ginger-beer* (hyphen). 
 ginglymoid*, hinge-like, 
 
 not gingli- (not ital.). 
 ginn, usey*. 
 Ginn & Co., publishers, 
 
 London ; Boston, U.S.A. 
 ginnle*(Scot.),to tickle the 
 
 gills of a fish, not ginle, 
 
 ginnel. 
 
 Ginsburg (C. D.), 1831-, 
 
 Biblical writer. 
 Giorgione, 1477 - 15 n, 
 
 Venetian painter ; pron. 
 
 jor-jo'n^. 
 Giottesque*, of or like 
 
 Giotto (not ital.). 
 Gippsland (Bishop of). 
 "Gipsey Tents (In),'* by 
 
 F. H. Groome, not -sy. 
 gipsy*, not -sey, gypsey, 
 
 -sy- 
 
 girandole*, a firework 
 
 (not ital.).' 
 girasol*, a fire-opal, Mo/-ole. 
 girkin, use ghe-*. 
 Gironde, dep. S.W. Fr. 
 girouette* (Fr. f.), a 
 
 weathercock. 
 gitanjo* (Sp.), /em. -a, a 
 
 gipsy. 
 
 gite*, a stopping-place; in 
 Fr. m. gtte. 
 
 gitter* (optics), a diffrac- 
 tion grating. 
 
 Giulia, It. for Julia. 
 
 giuoco piano, a chess 
 opening. 
 
 Giuseppe, It. for Joseph. 
 
 giveable*, not giva-. 
 
 gives, use gy- *. 
 
 Gizeh, Egypt, not Ghizeh. 
 
 G.Ii. (Freemasonry), Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 Gl* (chem.), glucinum. 
 
 glace (Fr. cook, f.), ice. 
 
 glacS* (Fr.), glazed. 
 
 glacialized *, not -sed. 
 
 glacier* (not ital.). 
 
 glacihre (Fr. f.), an ice- 
 chamber. 
 
 gladiol/us* (bot.), pi. -i*. 
 
 Gladstonian*, not -ean. 
 
 glaive*, a weapon, not 
 -ave. 
 
 Glam, Glamorganshire (no 
 point). 
 
 Glamis, pron. glahms. 
 
 glam/our*, but -orous*. 
 
 glary*, dazzling, not -ey. 
 
 glaserian fissure * (anat.), 
 not glass-. 
 
 QIasgua (Lat.), Glasgow. 
 
 Glasnevin, Dublin. 
 
 142 
 
GIiASSE — GOBBO 
 
 Glasse (Mrs. Hannah), 
 
 wrote **The Art of 
 
 Cookery" in 1747, not 
 
 Glass, 
 glassful, pi. glassfuls. 
 Glaswegian, of Glasgow. 
 Glauber (J. R.), 1604-68, 
 
 chemist. 
 Glauber's salt* (apos.). 
 glaucous* (bot.), covered 
 
 with bloom. 
 glaucus*, a gull, a mollusc. 
 giave, a weapon, use 
 
 glaive*, 
 glazer*, a polisher, 
 glazier*, a window-glass 
 
 fitter. 
 Glenalmond, Perth. 
 Gleneoe, Argyl. 
 Glendower (Owen), not 
 
 Glyndwr. 
 Glenealy, Wicklow. 
 Gleneely, Londonderry, 
 glengarry*, a Scotch cap. 
 Glenlivet*, a whisky, not 
 
 -at, -it (one word). 
 Glentilt, Perth (one word), 
 glissade* (not ital.). 
 glob/e*, -y*, not -ey. 
 globigerin/a*, a foramini- 
 
 fer; pi. -ae* (ital.). 
 glockenspiel, a set of mus. 
 
 bells or bars. 
 Qloriaj* (liturgy), pi. -s*, 
 
 abbr. gl. ; **— in ex- 
 
 celsis," " — Patriy** 
 
 hymns ; — Tibi, glory be 
 
 to Thee (cap. T). 
 Glos, Gloucester, -shire (no 
 
 point). 
 glose over (to), use -ze*. 
 gloss*, a note, not -oze. 
 gloss., glossary. 
 Gloucester, abbr. Glos. 
 glou-morceau*, a pear, 
 
 not glout . 
 
 glower*, to gaze angrily, 
 
 not glour. 
 glow-w^orm* (hyphen), 
 gloxinia/*,/*/, -s (not ital.). 
 gloze, a note, use gloss*, 
 gloze over* (to), not 
 
 glose. 
 glucinum* (chem.), sym- 
 
 bol Gl*, called also beryl- 
 lium*, symbol Be*. 
 Gluek (C. W. R. von), 
 
 1714-87, composer, not 
 
 G1Q-. 
 QWck (Ger. n.), luck. 
 GWckwunsch (Ger. m.), 
 
 congratulation. 
 glu/e*, -ey*, -ing*. 
 glut/en*, «o/-in, -ine, but 
 
 -inize*, -inous. 
 glycerine*, not -in. 
 Glyndwr (Owen), use 
 
 Glendower. 
 G.M.*, Grand Master; 
 
 G.M.B.* (metal). Good 
 
 Merchantable Brand. 
 Gmelin (L.), 1788-1853, 
 
 chemist. 
 G.M.I.E., Grand Master 
 
 of the Indian Empire. 
 G.M.K.P., Grand Master 
 
 of the Knights of St. 
 
 Patrick ; G.M.M.G., 
 
 ditto (of the Order of) 
 
 St. Michael and St. 
 
 George ; G.M.S.I., ditto 
 
 Star of India ; G.M.T., 
 
 Greenwich Mean Time, 
 gnar*, to snarl, not gnarl, 
 
 gnarr, knar, 
 gneiss* (geol.), pron. nice 
 
 (not ital.). 
 gnojn[e*,/em. -ide*. 
 gnosiology*, philosophy 
 
 of cognition, not -eology. 
 gnos/is*, pi. -es. Gnostic 
 
 philosophy. 
 G.KT.R., Great Northern 
 
 Railway, 
 gnu/*, antelope ; pi. -S. 
 G.O., general order, grand 
 
 organ, 
 goal*, the objective at 
 
 games {see also gaol), 
 goatherd (one word), 
 goatskin* (one word), 
 goatsucker*, a bird (one 
 
 word). 
 goaty*, goat-like, 
 gobang*, a game (one 
 
 word). 
 Gobbo (Launcelot), in 
 
 " Merchant of Venice." 
 
 143 
 
GOBELIN — GOSSE 
 
 Gobelin tapestry*, not 
 
 -ins — . 
 gobe-mouches (Fr. m. s. 
 
 and pi.), a credulous 
 
 person. 
 Goblet d'Alviella (E. 
 
 count), 1 846-, Belgian 
 
 writer. 
 goby*, a fish (not ital.). 
 godchild (one word). 
 godfather* (one word). 
 God-fearing* (hyphen, 
 
 cap. G). 
 Godhead* (one word, 
 
 cap.). 
 Godlee (Hickman J.), 
 
 1848-, surgeon. 
 Godley (Sir Arthur), 
 
 1847—, Gov. official. 
 god/mother*, -parent 
 
 (one word). 
 God*s acre*, a burial- 
 ground (apos., one cap.), 
 god/send*, -son* (one 
 
 word). 
 God-speed* (cap., hy- 
 phen). 
 Godwin (Mary WoU- 
 
 stonecraft), 1759-97, 
 
 writer {see also Good-), 
 godwit*, a marsh bird. 
 Goethe (J. W. von), 
 
 1749-1832, writer, etc., 
 
 not Gse-, GO-, Gee-; pron. 
 
 Guh'teh. 
 gofer*, a thin batter- 
 cake. 
 goffer*, to flute, wo/gau-. 
 goi (Heb.), a Gentile ; pi. 
 
 goim. 
 goitre*, a neck swelling, 
 
 not goi- ; pron. goy'tr. 
 goldfield (one word). 
 Goliath*, giant, not -\ah. 
 GoUancz (Israel), 1864-, 
 
 writer. 
 golosh, boot-trade spelling 
 
 of galosh*. 
 Goluchowski (count). 
 
 Chancellor of Austria. 
 gombeen -man* (Ir.), a 
 
 usurer. 
 gombroon*, Pers. pottery, 
 
 not gomroon. 
 
 Gomorr/ah(0. Test.); -ha 
 
 (N. Test.). 
 gondola/*,//, -s (not ital.). 
 Gonds, Indian tribe, not 
 
 Gh-. 
 Gongora y Argot e, 1561- 
 
 1627, Sp. poet. 
 good-bye* (hyphen). 
 good/ day *, — evening *, 
 
 — morning*, salutations 
 
 (two words, no hyphen). 
 Good Friday* (caps.). 
 good night*, a salutation 
 
 (two words, no hyphen). 
 Good/ Samaritan, — 
 
 Templar* (caps.). 
 goodwill*, of a business, 
 
 etc. (one word). 
 Goodwin (Harvey), 
 
 1818-91, Bp. of Carlisle, 
 
 writer {see also God-). 
 Goodw^in Sands, North 
 
 Sea, not God-, 
 gool, use ghoul*, 
 goonhilly*, Cornish pony. 
 Goorkhas, use Gur-. 
 goosey*, dim. of goose, 
 
 not -sie, -sy. 
 Gordian knot* (the). 
 Gorgonzola, a cheese. 
 Gorky (Maxime), 1868-, 
 
 pen-name of A. M. Piesh- 
 
 kov, Russ. writer. 
 gormand, 7<s^gour-*. 
 gormandize *, not gour-. 
 Gorres (J. J. von), 1776- 
 
 1848, Ger. writer. 
 gorse*, furze, but gorsy*. 
 Gortschakoff, Russian 
 
 family, not -tchakoff, Gor- 
 
 chakov. 
 Goschen (Viscount), 
 
 1831-. 
 Goschen (G. J.), 1752- 
 1828, German publisher, 
 
 grandfather of above. 
 Goshen, a land of plenty. 
 Qospodin (Russ.), Lord, 
 
 Mr. ; fern. Qospozha. 
 Goss (Sir John), 1800- 
 
 80, composer. 
 Gosse (Edmund), 1849-, 
 writer ; — (P. H.), 1810- 
 88, naturalist. 
 
 144 
 
GOSSIP — GBAM. 
 
 gossip/* -ed, -er*, -ing*, 
 -y* (one/.). 
 
 gossoon* (Ang.-Ir.), a 
 youth. 
 
 Gotham (wise men of)*. 
 
 Gothic*, architecture, etc. 
 (cap.) ; abbr. Goth. 
 
 gothic (typ.), a sturdy type 
 without serif or hair-line. 
 
 gothicize *, to render 
 medieval, not -ise. 
 
 ** Gotterdammenmg ** 
 (Twilight of the Gods), 
 by Wagner. 
 
 Gottingen University, 
 province of Hanover. 
 
 Oottseibeiuns {der) 
 
 (Ger.), the devil I {lit. God 
 be with us). 
 
 gouache*, a method of 
 water-colour painting ; 
 pron. guash. 
 
 Gouda, a cheese. 
 
 gouge*, a concave chisel. 
 
 goujon (Fr. m.), gudgeon 
 fish. 
 
 gouk, use gowk*. 
 
 goulard water*, a lotion. 
 
 Gould, family name, pron. 
 goold {see also Baring- 
 Gould). 
 
 goule, use ghoul*. 
 
 gour, Ind. ox, use gaur*. 
 
 gourmand*, a glutton, 
 but gormandize* (not 
 ital.). 
 
 gourmet*, an epicure (not 
 ital.). 
 
 goiit* (Fr. m.), taste. 
 
 Ck)utte d*or, a white Bur- 
 gundy wine. 
 
 gouvernjeur (Fr.), gov- 
 ernor ; /ent. -ante *. 
 
 gov., governor, -ment. 
 
 Government, meaning 
 the State (cap.). 
 
 Government contracts 
 (typ.), copy to be strictly 
 followed, and charged at 
 schedule prices, in which 
 reading is not allowed 
 for. 
 
 Governor - General, 
 abbr. Gov.-Gen. 
 
 Gower, pron. gor. 
 
 gow^k*, a fool, not gouk. 
 
 gowl, use ghoul*. 
 
 Goya y Lucientes (F.), 
 T 746-1828, Sp, painter. 
 
 G.P., general paralysis, — 
 practitioner. Graduate in 
 Phar m acy , * ' Gloria PatrV ' 
 (glory be to the Father) ; 
 g.p. (typ.), great primer ; 
 G.P.M. (Freemasonry), 
 Grand Past Master ; 
 G.P.O., General Post 
 Office ; G.P.R., Genio 
 Populi Romani (to the 
 genius of the Roman 
 people). 
 
 G.R., Georgiusj or GulieU 
 ntus, Rex (King George, 
 or William) ; Grand Re- 
 corder ; Gr., Grand, 
 (bot.) Asa Gray, (entom.) 
 J. L. K. Gravenhorst, 
 Greece, Grecian, Greek; 
 gr., grain, -s. 
 
 Graal, use Grail*. 
 
 grace-note* (mus.), an 
 appoggiatura (hyphen). 
 
 gradatim* (Lat.), step by 
 step. 
 
 Graec/ism*, a Greek char- 
 acteristic; -ize*, -ophil*, 
 not Gre-. 
 
 Graetz (H.), 1817-91, 
 hist, {see also Gratz). 
 
 Oraf* (Ger.), a count; /em. 
 Graf in (cap.). 
 
 graffitlo* (It.), writing on 
 a wall, etc. ; pi. -/*. 
 
 Grahamize, to open post 
 letters in transit (cap.). 
 
 Graian Alps, Savoy. 
 
 Grail* (the Holy), not 
 Graal, Graile. 
 
 grain, apothecaries', avoir- 
 dupois, or troy weight, 
 all the same, being '0648 
 gramme ; abbr. gr. 
 
 gralloch* (noun and 
 verb\ not -ock (not 
 ital.). 
 
 gram, use gramme*. 
 
 gram., grammar, -ian, 
 -atical. 
 
 145 10 
 
GRAMINIVOROUS — GRAVESTONE 
 
 graminivorous*, feeding 
 
 on grass, not gramen-. 
 gramm/ar *, -arian, 
 
 -atical, abbr. gram. 
 gramm.aticize*, not -ise. 
 gramme*, 15*432 grains, 
 
 official Board of Trade 
 
 spelling, not gram; abbr. 
 
 grm. (not ital.). 
 grammetre*, a unit of 
 
 work (not ital.). 
 Grammont, E. Flanders. 
 Gramont (P. comLte de), 
 
 1621-1707, not Gramm-. 
 gramophone*, wo/grama-, 
 
 gram mo-, 
 granadilla*, one of the 
 
 passion-flowers, «o^gren- 
 
 (not ital.). 
 Gran Chaco (El), S. 
 
 America. 
 Grand, abbr. G. 
 grandam*, grandmother, 
 
 old woman, not -dame, 
 grand/child*, -daughter 
 
 (one word). 
 Grand/ duchess *, — 
 
 duchy*, — duke* (cap. 
 
 G only), abbr. G.D. 
 grandes capitales (Fr. 
 
 typ. f.), capitals. 
 grandej tenue, or — toi- 
 lette (Fr.), full dress. 
 grandeur naturelle (Fr. 
 
 f.), life-size, 
 grandfather* (one word). 
 grand jury (not caps.). 
 Grand (Sarah), writer. 
 Grand Master (caps.), 
 
 abbr. G.M. 
 grandfrndre (Fr.f.), grand- 
 mother ; pi. •*m^res. 
 grand* messe (Fr. f.), high 
 
 mass. 
 Grand Monarque (/e), 
 
 Louis XIV. 
 grand monde (Je) (Fr), 
 
 the Court and nobility. 
 grandmother* (one 
 
 word). 
 grand/ -nephew*, — 
 
 -niece * (hyphens). 
 grand papier (Fr. m.), 
 
 large paper. 
 
 grandparent* (one word). 
 
 grand-p^re (Fr. m.),grand- 
 
 fath e r ;/>/. grands-phres. 
 
 grand] signior*, one of 
 
 high rank ;caps. the Sultan 
 of Turkey ; in Fr. — se/- 
 gneur; It. gran signo- 
 re; Sp. gran senor. 
 
 grandson* (one word), 
 abbr. g.s. 
 
 Grangerize*, to add illus- 
 trations to a book, not 
 -ise (cap.). 
 
 grannom*, angler's fly, 
 not granam. 
 
 "Granta,** a Cambridge 
 periodical. 
 
 Grant Duff (Sir M. E.), 
 1829-1902 (no hyphen). 
 
 granter*, one who grants. 
 
 Granton, Firth of Forth. 
 
 grantor* (law), one who 
 makes a grant. 
 
 Grantown, Elgin. 
 
 graphology*, not gra- 
 phic-. 
 
 grapy*, of grapes, not 
 -ey. 
 
 gras {Fr.),/em. grasse, fat 
 (see also gros). 
 
 grass/* (typ.), casual work ; 
 — hand *, one casually 
 employed. 
 
 Grasse, France, d6p. Alpes- 
 Maritimes. 
 
 gratia Del (Lat.), by the 
 grace of God. 
 
 gratin* (Fr. cook, m.), a 
 dish prepared with bread- 
 crumbs. 
 
 gratis* (not ital.). 
 
 Grattan (Heniy), 1746- 
 1820, politician. 
 
 Gratz, capital of .Styria, use 
 Graz (see also Graetz). 
 
 Gratz, Prussia. 
 
 graupel*, soft hail. 
 
 grauwacke, use grey- *. 
 
 gravam/en*, pi. -ina*. 
 
 grave accent ('). 
 
 gravelled*, «o/-eled. 
 
 Graves, a Bordeaux wine. 
 
 graves, use grea- *. 
 
 gravestone* (one word). 
 
 146 
 
GKAVEUR — GREEN 
 
 graveur (Fr. m.), en- 
 graver, 
 
 graveyard* (one word). 
 
 Gravis (Ger. m.), grave 
 accent (cap.). 
 
 gravure (Fr. f.), engrav- 
 ing. 
 
 gray, use grey*. 
 
 Gray (Annabel), 1853-, 
 writer ; — (Asa), 1810- 
 88, bot., abbr. Gr. ; — 
 (MaxAvell), pen-name of 
 M. G. Tuttiett, writer ; — 
 (Thomas), 17 16-71, poet 
 (see also Grey). 
 
 grayling*, a fish, ttoi 
 grey-. 
 
 Gray's Inn, London. 
 
 Graz, capital of Styria, not 
 Gratz. 
 
 grazier*, not -zer. 
 
 gr6 h grS (de) (Fr.), by 
 private contract. 
 
 greasy*, not -ey. 
 
 Great Britain, abbr. G.B. 
 
 great gross*, 144 dozen; 
 abbr. g.gr. 
 
 Greathead (Bertie), 
 1 759-1826, dramatist; — 
 (Henry), 1757-1816, in- 
 ventor of lifeboat. 
 
 Greathed (W. W. H.), 
 1826-78, Major-General. 
 
 Great Powers (the) 
 (caps.). 
 
 great primer (typ.), 
 
 an eighteen- 
 point type, as 
 
 tniS, four lines and 
 
 a quarter to the inch; 
 
 pron. — prim'er, abbr. 
 
 g.p. In Fr. m. gros 
 
 romain, Ger. Tertia. 
 greaves *, tallow refuse, 
 
 not gra-. 
 Grecian*, of Greece ; abbr. 
 
 Gr. 
 Grec/ism, -ize, -ophil, 
 
 use GraB-*. 
 Greco, a chess opening. 
 
 m 
 
 gredalin, use gride- *. 
 
 Greece, abbr. Gr. 
 
 Greek (typ.), classical and 
 modern printed the same ; 
 alphabet, 17 consonants, 
 7 vowels, 2 breathings, 
 3 accents (acute, grave, 
 and circumflex), i apos- 
 trophe, I diaeresis; note 
 of interrogation same as 
 English semicolon ; the 
 colon or semicolon same 
 asturnedpoint(-); comma, 
 exclamation point, and 
 period, as in English. 
 There are many detailed 
 rules for composing, but 
 the following must here 
 suflSce : grave accent only 
 on last syllable ; diph- 
 thongs, accents, or breath- 
 ings on second vowel ; all 
 vowels or diphthongs com- 
 mencing a word have 
 either asper (') or lenis (') 
 breathings ; the sigma (a) 
 when final is always s ; 
 in dividing words ending 
 in KTos, the k is turned 
 over ; space after elision, 
 Abbr. Gr. 
 
 Greek calends, never. 
 
 Greeley (Horace), 181 1- 
 72, Amer. journalist and 
 politician. 
 
 Greely (A. W.), 1844-, 
 Arctic explorer. 
 
 Green (John Richard), 
 1837-83, historian {see also 
 Greene, Grein). 
 
 greenback*, U.S.A. bank- 
 note. 
 
 Greene (Sir Conyng- 
 ham), 1854-, diplo- 
 matist; — (Plunket), 
 1865-, singer ; — 
 
 (Robert), 1560-92, dra- 
 matist {see also Green, 
 Grein). 
 
 greengage*, a plum (one 
 word). 
 
 green laver*, edible sea- 
 weed (two words). 
 
 green-room* (hyphen). 
 10* 
 
GREEN ~ GROSSETESTE 
 
 Green -sand* (geol.), 
 (cap., hyphen). 
 
 gregale*, the Mediter- 
 ranean N.E. wind, not 
 -cale, grigale. 
 
 Gregory's Day (St.), 
 12 March. 
 
 Greiffenhagen (Maur- 
 ice), painter. 
 
 Greifsw^ald, German 
 
 university. 
 
 Grein (J. T.), dramatic 
 critic (see also OcTeenj, -e). 
 
 grenadine *, a fabric, 
 (cook.) a fancy dish. 
 
 gresj (Fr. m.), stoneware; 
 
 — de FJandre, Rhine 
 stoneware. 
 
 Gr6try (A. E. M.), 1741- 
 
 1813, composer. 
 Grevy (F. P. J.), 1807-91, 
 
 Fr. President 1879-87. 
 grey*, not gray. 
 Grey/ (Earl), 1851- ; 
 
 — (Earl de), 1852- ; 
 
 — (Lady Jane), 1537-54; 
 —(Sir Edward), 1862-, 
 politician ; — de Riithyn 
 (Baron), 1858- ; — 
 de "Wilton (Viscount), 
 1896- (see also Gray). 
 
 grey-hen*, /em. of black- 
 cock (hyphen). 
 
 greyhound* (one word). 
 
 greyling, use gra-*. 
 
 greywacke* (geol.), not 
 grau- (not ital.). 
 
 GriboyddofF (A. S.), 
 1793-1829, Russ. poet. 
 
 gridelin*, pale purple, not 
 gredalin, -e, gridalin. 
 
 Grieg (Edvard,wo^Ed w-), 
 1843-, composer. 
 
 griffin*, a fabulous animal, 
 not -on, gryphon. 
 
 Griffith (R. T. H.), 
 1826-, Orientalist. 
 
 Griffiths (Major Ar- 
 thur), 1 838-, writer. 
 
 grigale, use gre- *. 
 
 grill*, to broil. 
 
 grillatalpa, use gryllo-*. 
 
 grille*, grating (not ital.). 
 
 grill 6 (Fr. cook.), broiled. 
 
 Grillparzer (Franz), 
 
 1 791-1872, Aus. dram, 
 grimalkin*, a cat. 
 Grimm (Jakob), 1785- 
 
 1863; — (Wilhelm), 
 
 1786-1859. 
 Grimm's law, philology, 
 grimy*, begrimed, not-ey. 
 Grindelwald, Switz., not 
 
 Grindle-. 
 grippe (la), Fr. for in- 
 fluenza, also the grip*, 
 
 not the grippe. 
 Griqualand, S. Africa, 
 grisaille*, a method of 
 
 decorative painting (not 
 
 ital.). 
 Griselda, a model of 
 
 patience, not -ilda. 
 grisette* (Fr. f.), a working 
 
 girl. 
 Gris-nez (Cape), Pas-de- 
 Calais (hyphen). 
 Grizel *, a proverbial meek 
 
 wife. 
 
 grizzly bear *, not gris . 
 
 grm., gramme, -s. 
 
 gro., gross. 
 
 grogram*, silk fabric (not 
 
 ital.). 
 groin* (arch.) (see also 
 
 groyne). 
 Grolier (Jean), 1479- 
 
 1565, Fr. bibliophile. 
 grosj (Fr.), /em. -se, big, 
 
 abbr. g. ; une grosse 
 
 femme, a stout woman ; 
 
 une femme grosse, a 
 
 pregnant woman (^see also 
 
 gras), 
 grosbeak*, the hawfinch. 
 gros bleu (Fr. m.), dark 
 
 blue. 
 Groschen* (m.), old Ger. 
 
 coin, about a penny ; pi. 
 
 same. 
 gros de] Naples*, or 
 
 Tours f heavy silk fabric. 
 groseille (Fr. f.), currant, 
 
 gooseberry. 
 gross, is s. and pi. ; abbr. 
 
 gro. 
 Grosseteste (Robert), 
 
 1175-1253, Bp. of Lincoln. 
 
 Z48 
 
GROTESQUE — GUILBEBT 
 
 grotesque* (typ.), a 
 square-cut letter with- 
 out serifs, as this. 
 
 grotesquerie*, not -ery 
 (not ital.). 
 
 grotto/*, pi. -S*. 
 
 ground-rent* (hyphen). 
 
 grovel/*, -led*, -ler*, 
 -ling*, «o^-eler, -eling. 
 
 groyn/e*, a breakwater; 
 -tag* {see also groin). 
 
 Grtn. (hot.), J. Gartner. 
 
 Grubb (Sir Howard), 
 1844-, optician. 
 
 Grub Street, London, 
 now Milton Street. 
 
 gruesome *, not grew-. 
 
 GrufFydd (Thomas), 
 1815-87, harpist. 
 
 grummet* (naut.), a rope 
 ring, not gro-. 
 
 Grundtvig (N. F. S.), 
 1783-1872, Danish poet ; 
 — (S. H.), 1824-83, 
 philologist. 
 
 Grundy (Mrs.)*, personi- 
 fication of social opinion. 
 
 Grunth, the Sikh scrip- 
 tures. 
 
 Gruy^re* (Fr. m.), a 
 cheese. 
 
 gryllotalpa*, a mole 
 cricket, not grilla- (not 
 ital.). 
 
 gryphon, use grif&n*. 
 
 Gryptinus (Sebastian), 
 1493-1556^ printer. 
 
 G.S., General Secretary, 
 Grand Scribe, — Secre- 
 tary, — Sentinel, — Sentry. 
 
 g.S., grandson. 
 
 G,S.&W.R., Great South- 
 ern and Western Railway 
 (Ireland). 
 
 Gsell-Fels (Theodor), 
 1819-, topog, 
 
 g.t. (binding), gilt top. 
 
 gt., gilt, great, gutta. 
 
 guacho, use gaucho. 
 
 Guadeloupe, W. Indies. 
 
 guage, see gau-. 
 
 guaiacum* (bot.). 
 
 Guaira (La), Venezuela, 
 not Guayra. 
 
 Guam, Ladrone Islands, 
 not Guaham. 
 
 guana*, a lizard (not ital.). 
 
 guano* (not ital.). 
 
 guarant/ee *, a warrant, or 
 to make sure; -or*, not-er; 
 -y*, a basis of security. 
 
 guards (binding), strips of 
 paper, etc., inserted in 
 the backs of books for 
 plates, or additional leaves, 
 to be pasted on {see also 
 Foot- guards). 
 
 guardship* (one word). 
 
 Guamieri, violin makers, 
 not -neri. 
 
 Guatemala, Cent. Amer. 
 
 Guayaquil, Ecuador. 
 
 Guayra, use La Guaira. 
 
 guazzo* (It.), a method of 
 water-colour painting. 
 
 Guelderland, Nether- 
 lands, not Geld-. 
 
 guelder rose*, «o/geIder — 
 (not ital.). 
 
 Guelph*, «o/Guelf. 
 
 Guelph and Ghibel- 
 line*. 
 
 guerdon*, a reward. 
 
 guere (ne...) (Fr.), hardly. 
 
 Guernsey*, a Channel Is- 
 land. 
 
 guernsey*, a knitted 
 woollen shirt. 
 
 guerre (Fr. f.), war. 
 
 guerrilla* warfare (2 Ps, 
 2 r's). 
 
 Guesclin (Bertrand du), 
 1314-80, Constable of 
 France. 
 
 guess-work* (hyphen). 
 
 guestling*, a Cinque Port 
 assembly, not ges-. 
 
 Guglielmo, It. for 
 'William. 
 
 Guiana (British). 
 
 Guibelline, use Ghi-*. 
 
 Guicowar, use Gaekwar. 
 
 guide-book* (hyphen). 
 
 Guido, It. for Guy. 
 
 Guignet's green, a deep 
 rich green. 
 
 Guilbert (Yvette),i869-, 
 
 149 
 
GUILD — GYVES 
 
 guild*, an association, not 
 
 gild. 
 Guildford, Surrey, not 
 
 Guilf-. 
 guild-hall*, not gi- (hy- 
 phen). 
 Guilford/ (Earl of) ; — 
 
 Street, W.C., not Guild-. 
 guillemets (Fr. typ. m.), 
 
 the Fr, quotation marks 
 
 « ». 
 guillemot*, a bird, 
 guillotine*, a beheading 
 
 apparatus, also paper-cut- 
 ting machine (not ital.). 
 guimp, usegim-p*. 
 Guinea (New). 
 guinea/, -s, abbr. g. 
 Guinevere, wife of King 
 
 Arthur, not -er, 
 Gujarat, India, use Gu- 
 
 zerat. 
 Gujranwala, Punjab. 
 Gulden* (Aus., Du., Ger.), 
 
 silver florin ; pi. same, 
 
 Aus. abbr. fl. 
 Gulf/ (typ.), cap. when with 
 
 name, as Gulf of Corinth, 
 
 Persian Gulf; abbr. G. ; 
 
 — Stream* (no hy- 
 phen). 
 Gulielmus, Lat. for 
 
 William, 
 gullible*, easily cheated, 
 
 not -able. 
 " Gulliver's Travels," 
 
 by Swift, 1726. 
 g^ly*, a channel, not -ey. 
 Gully (Rt. Hon. W. C), 
 
 1835-, Speaker of H.C. 
 gumboil*, not -bile (one 
 
 word). 
 gumption*, mother -wit, 
 
 not -shion. 
 gun., gunnery, 
 gunboat* (one word). 
 Gundamuk, Afghanistan, 
 
 use Gandamak. 
 Gungl (Josef), 1810-89, 
 
 composer. 
 gunnery (naval), abbr. G., 
 
 or gun. 
 gunny*, sacking. 
 Guiiter*s chain*, etc. 
 
 Giinther (A. C. Ii. G.), 
 
 1830-, ichthyologist, 
 gunwale* (naut.), not 
 
 gunnel ; pron. gun'l. 
 gup* (Ang.-Ind.), gossip. 
 Gurkhas, Indian soldiers, 
 
 not Ghoor-, Goor-. 
 gurkin, use gher- *. 
 gurnard*, a fish, «o/ -net. 
 Gussfeldt(Paul), 1840 -, 
 
 Ger. traveller. 
 Gutenberg or Gens- 
 
 fleisoh (Johannes), 
 
 1399-1468, inventor of 
 
 printing from movable 
 
 metal types. 
 Guts Muths (J. C. F.), 
 
 1759-1839, Ger. teacher, 
 gutt/a *, a drop, abbr. gt. * ; 
 
 pL -8B*, abbr. gtt,* 
 gutta-percha* (hyphen, 
 
 not ital,), 
 Gutzkow(K.P.), 1811-78, 
 
 Ger. writer. 
 Giitzkow, Prussia. 
 g.U.V. (Ger.), gerecht und 
 
 vollkomnten (correct and 
 
 complete). 
 Guyot (Yves), 1843 -, Fr. 
 
 econ. 
 Guzerat, India, not Guja-. 
 G.W.R., Great Western 
 
 Railway. 
 Gwydyr (Baron). 
 Gwynn (Stephen), 1864-, 
 
 writer, 
 gybe* (naut.) {see also 
 
 gibe, jib), 
 gymkhana*, an athletic 
 
 display, not -kana (not 
 
 ital.). 
 gymnasi/um*, pi. -a* 
 
 (not ital.). 
 gymnotlus*, the electric 
 
 eel; pi. -I*. 
 gymp, use gimp*. 
 gynsBceum* (hot.), not 
 
 -ium, gynce-. 
 gynascology*, study of 
 
 women's diseases, not 
 
 gyne-. 
 gypsy, w5^ gipsy*, 
 gyrfalcon, use ger-*. 
 gyves *, fetters, not gi-. 
 
 150 
 
a NOTES 
 
 iSt 
 
G NOTES 
 
 152 
 
HAGGAI 
 
 H., harbour, (naut.) hoy, 
 the eighth in a series, all 
 proper names with this 
 initial. 
 
 H, (anal, mech.) the total 
 energy, (chem.) hydro- 
 gen, (lead pencils) hard, 
 horizontal force of earth's 
 
 , magnetism, (mus.) B 
 natural in Ger. system. 
 
 h., hardness, height, hour, 
 -s, husband, (naut.) hail. 
 
 h* (math.), a small incre- 
 ment. 
 
 H.A., Horse-Artillery. 
 
 b.a., hoc anno (this year), 
 hujus anni (this year's). 
 
 Haarlem, Holland {see 
 also Har-). 
 
 Haarstricb (Ger. typ. m.), 
 hair- stroke, serif, up- 
 stroke (cap.). 
 
 Habakkuk (the Pro- 
 phecy of), abbr. Hab. 
 
 Habana, Sp. for Havana. 
 
 habeas corpus*, a writ ; 
 abbr. hab. corp. (not 
 ital.). 
 
 Habeas Corpus Act* 
 (caps., not ital.). 
 
 habendum* (law), part of 
 a deed. 
 
 habile*, ready, not -He 
 (not ital.). 
 
 habitat* (not ital.). 
 
 habitu/6 * (Fr.), fern. 
 -6e*, a frequenter (not 
 ital.). 
 
 Habsburg (House of), 
 Aus. Imp. family, not 
 Hap-. 
 
 H.A.C., Honourable Artil- 
 lery Company. 
 
 Hachette et Cie, pub- 
 lishers, Paris and London. 
 
 hachis (Fr. cook, m.), 
 minced meat. 
 
 hachisch, use hashish*. 
 
 hachure*, line used in 
 
 map hill-shading. 
 Hackel (Ernst H,), 
 
 1 834-, nat., not Hae-. 
 Hacklander (F.'NAT. von), 
 
 1816-77, Ger. w^riter. 
 hacklet*, the kittiwake, 
 
 not hag-. 
 Hackluyt, use Hak-. 
 hackney/*, -ed*. 
 bac lege (Lat.), with this 
 
 proviso. 
 Hadden, Best, & Co., 
 
 publishers, London. 
 Haddon (John) & Co., 
 
 type-founders. 
 Haden (Sir Francis 
 
 Seymour), 1818-, etcher 
 
 and surgeon {see also 
 
 Hay-). 
 Hades*, abode of the dead 
 
 (cap.). 
 bad/I*, title of a Mecca 
 
 pilgrim, not hajji. 
 Hadleigh, Essex, Suffolk. 
 Hadley, Salop, Worcester, 
 hadst (no apostrophe). 
 Haeckel, use Hac-. 
 hSBma-*, the prefix, as in 
 
 haematite*, not he-. 
 hsematin*, not he-, -ine. 
 haemo-*, the prefix, as in 
 
 hsBmorrhage*, not he-. 
 bafiz (Arab., Pers.), a 
 
 Moham. who knows the 
 
 Koran by heart. 
 Hdfiz, d. A. D. 1388, Persian 
 
 poet. 
 Hag., Haggai. 
 hagberry*,the bird-cherry, 
 
 not hack-, heck-, heg-. 
 bagere Schrift (Ger. typ. 
 
 f.), lean-faced type. 
 Haggadah*, legendary 
 
 part of the Talmud, not 
 
 Agadah, Hagada, -ah. 
 Haggai (the Prophecy 
 
 of), abbr. Hag. 
 
 153 
 
HAGGARD — HALLE 
 
 haggard, in Fr. hagard. 
 
 haggis* (^ Sc. cook. ), not -ess, 
 -ies. 
 
 Hague (La), N.W.France. 
 
 Hague (The), capital of 
 Netherlands ; in Dutch *s 
 Gravenhage (caps.). 
 
 ha ha*, laughter (two 
 words). 
 
 ha-ha*, a sunk fence, not 
 aha, haw-haw (not ital.). 
 
 Hahnemann (C. F. S.), 
 1755-1843, homoeopath. 
 
 Haidarabad, India, not 
 Haider-, Hydar-. 
 
 haik*, an Arab garment, 
 not -ck. 
 
 Haileybury College, 
 Herts. 
 
 hailstone* (one word). 
 
 hair/ breadth ♦, -brush *, 
 -dresser *, -dressing* 
 (one word). 
 
 hair/-lead* (typ.), a very 
 thin lead for spacing out 
 
 printed matter ; line 
 
 letter*, a type of hair- 
 lines only : a. very thin-faced 
 type, as this; -SpaCe*, 
 
 the thinnest space; — 
 -stroke*, serif (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 Haiti, W. Indies, not 
 Hayti ; in Sp. San 
 Domingo. 
 
 /iia/7, hajji, use hadji*. 
 
 Hakchen (Ger. typ. n.), 
 apostrophe, cedilla (^cap.). 
 
 hakeem*, Oriental medi- 
 cal man, not -kim. 
 
 hakim*. Oriental ruler. 
 
 Hakluyt/ (R.)> i553-i6i6, 
 geog. ; — Society ; not 
 Hack-. 
 
 halb (Ger.), half, semi-; 
 Halbjfranzband, half- 
 bound calf, abbr. Hfrz. ; 
 -Juchtenband, half- 
 bound russia ; 'leln- 
 wand, half-bound cloth, 
 abbr. Hlw, ; -saffian, 
 half-roan ; -seite, half- 
 page (each one word). 
 
 halberd/*, not -ert ; -ier*. 
 
 Hal6vy (J. F. F. :&.), 
 
 1799-1862, composer; 
 
 — (Joseph), 1827-, 
 traveller. 
 
 half, see also fractions, 
 half/ a dozen, — an hour, 
 
 — an inch (no hy- 
 phens). 
 
 half/-binding *, -bound, 
 leather back and corners, 
 paper or cloth sides, abbr. 
 h£-bd. ; —-calf*, calt 
 back and corners ditto, 
 abbr. hf.-cf. ; — -cloth, 
 cloth sides, abbr. hf.-cl. 
 (hyphens). 
 
 halt/-caste*, a half-breed, 
 not -cast (not ital.) ; — 
 -crown * ; — -dime * 
 (U.S.A.), five cents (not 
 ital. ) ; — -dozen * ; — 
 
 -holiday*; hour*; 
 
 inch* ; — minute * ; 
 
 moon* ; past; — 
 
 -pay*, abbr. H.P. (all 
 hyphens). 
 
 halfpenny* (one word). 
 
 halfpennyivorth * (one 
 word) , abbr. ha*p*orth*. 
 
 half/ -price *, — -sove- 
 reign* (hyphens). 
 
 Halfte (Ger. f.), moiety, 
 half. 
 
 half-title* (typ.), the short 
 title before the full title. 
 
 half-tone* block, one in 
 which the various tones 
 are made by dots. 
 
 half-way * (hyphen). 
 
 half-year/*, -ly* (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 Haliburton (Thomas 
 C), 1 796-1865, writer ; 
 pen-name Sam Slick. 
 
 halibut *, a fish, not hoi-. 
 
 halieutic*, of fishing. 
 
 hallabaloo, use hulla-*. 
 
 Halle {la) (Fr.), the 
 market ; pi. les Halles, 
 
 Hall6 (Sir Charles), 
 1819-95, pianist ; — 
 (Lady), 1839-, violinist. 
 
 Halle an der Saale, Ger.; 
 abbr. Halle a/S. 
 
 154 
 
HAIiIiELUJAH — HANDSEIi 
 
 Hallelujah*, preferred to 
 Alleluia*, a song of 
 praise, not -luiah, 
 
 Haller (A. von), 1708-77, 
 anatomist, etc. 
 
 Halley (Edmond, not 
 -und), 1656-1742, astr. 
 
 Halliwell - Phillipps 
 (James O.), 1820-89, 
 Shakespearean scholar. 
 
 hall-mark* (hyphen). 
 
 hallmote*, a court, not 
 halm-. 
 
 hallo*, to call attention or 
 express surprise, pre- 
 ferred to halloa, -00, hillo, 
 -oa, holla, -o, -oa, -ow, 
 hullo, -oa, -00. 
 
 halloo-baloo,«s«?hulla-*. 
 
 Hallow/-Day, All Saints' 
 Day, I Nov. ; — -e*en*, 
 last night of October (one 
 cap., hyphen). 
 
 hal/jux'', the great toe; pi. 
 -uces*. 
 
 halm, stalk or stem, use 
 haulmi *. 
 
 halo/*,//, -es*. 
 
 Hals (Franz), 1580 or'84- 
 1666, painter. 
 
 halyard* (naut.), a rope 
 for elevating, not halli-, 
 hauly-. 
 
 hamadryad/*, a wood- 
 nymph, serpent, or ba- 
 boon ; pi. -s*, Lat. pi. 
 -es*. 
 
 Hambleden, Bucks; — 
 (Viscountess). 
 
 Hambledon, Hants, 
 
 Surrey. 
 
 Hambleton, Lanes, Rut- 
 land, Yorks. 
 
 Hamburg*, a grape, also 
 a fowl, not -gh. 
 
 "Hamelin (Pied Piper 
 of),** by R. Browning. 
 
 Hamilton (Sir Wil- 
 liam), 1 788-1856, meta- 
 physician ; — (Sir Wil- 
 liam Rowan), 1805-65, 
 mathematician. 
 
 hammal*, an Oriental 
 porter, not hummaul. 
 
 bammam*, Turk, bath, 
 
 not hummum, -aum. 
 H ammergafFerstein 
 
 (Hans), pen-name of 
 
 Henry W. Longfellow, 
 hammy*, ham-like, not 
 
 hamy. 
 Hampden (John), 1594- 
 
 1643, statesman. 
 Hampe- Allgaier, a chess 
 
 opening. 
 Hampshire, abbr. Hants 
 
 (no point). 
 Hanafite*, one of a Mo- 
 ham, sect, Mo/-efite, -ifite. 
 H. & B. (bot.), Humboldt 
 
 and Bonpland. 
 hand (typ.), «^, called fist, 
 hand/bell*, -bill*, -book* 
 
 (one word). 
 Handbucb (Ger.), manual 
 
 (cap.). 
 Handel (G. P.), 1685- 
 
 1759, composer; in Eng. 
 
 usually Ha-. 
 Handelsblatt (Ger. n.), 
 
 trade journal (cap.\ 
 Handelshocbscbule 
 
 (Ger. f.), commercial col- 
 lege (one word, cap.). 
 handfiQ/*, not '\\\pl. -s. 
 handicap/*, -per*, 
 
 -ping*, 
 handiwork*, not handy-. 
 bandfar* (Pers.), a dagger, 
 
 not hanjar. 
 handkerchief *, abbr. 
 
 hdkf. 
 Handler (Ger. m.), dealer 
 
 (cap.). 
 hand-made/*, abbr. H.M. 
 
 (hyphen);— paper, abbr. 
 
 H.M.P. 
 handmaid/*, -en* (one 
 
 word). 
 hand-paper*, that with a 
 
 hand as water-mark. 
 Handpapier (Ger. n.), 
 
 hand-made paper fcap.). 
 Handscbrift (Ger. f), MS., 
 
 not Manuskript ; abbr. 
 
 Hs. (cap.). 
 handsel/*, earnest-money; 
 
 -ling*, not hans-. 
 
 155 
 
HANDWORTERBUCH — HARMATTAN 
 
 Handworterbuch (Ger. 
 n.), handy dictionary 
 (cap.) ; abbr. Hwb. 
 
 hand^writing* (one word). 
 
 handy-man* (hyphen). 
 
 handy work, use handi-*. 
 
 hangar* (Fr. m.), a shed. 
 
 hanger*, one who, or that 
 which, hangs ; also a 
 sword, a wood. 
 
 hanging paragraph 
 (typ.), first Une full out, 
 following ones indented, 
 as this. 
 
 Hanover*, in Ger. Han- 
 nover, Fr. Hanovre. 
 
 Hans/* (Du., Ger.), John ; 
 
 — Niemand, <'Mr. No- 
 body." 
 
 hansel, use hsind-*. 
 
 Hanska (Madame), 
 friend of Balzac. 
 
 hansom*, a cab. 
 
 Hants (no point), Hamp- 
 shire. 
 
 haphazard* (one word). 
 
 ha*p*orth*, a halfpenny- 
 worth. 
 
 happy-go-lucky * (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 happy hunting-ground* 
 (one hyphen). 
 
 Hapsburg, Imperial 
 
 House of Austria, use 
 Hab-. 
 
 hara-kiri* (Jap.), suicide, 
 not hari-kari, hurry-curry. 
 
 haram, use -em*. 
 
 harangue *, /row. ha-rang'. 
 
 harass*, not harr-. 
 
 harbour, abbr. H. 
 
 hard (pencils), abbr. H. 
 
 hard/-a-lee* a-port*, 
 
 — -a-starboard*, — 
 -a- weather* (two hy- 
 phens each). 
 
 harden*, a coarse fabric, 
 not her-, hur-. 
 
 hardlesse* (Fr. f.), hardi- 
 hood. 
 
 Hardinge (Viscount) ; 
 pron. -ing, not -inj. 
 
 hardness (mineral.), abbr. 
 h. 
 
 hards*, coarse flax, no^hur-. 
 
 Hardt Mountains, Bav- 
 aria {see also Harz — ), 
 
 Hardwicke (Earl of). 
 
 hardw^ood* (one word), 
 but hard-w^ooded *. 
 
 hard-working* (hyphen). 
 
 harebell* (bot.), not hair- 
 (one word). 
 
 hare/-brain*, lip*, not 
 
 hair- (hyphens). 
 
 harem' 
 
 (Arab.), 
 
 the 
 
 women's part of a house, 
 not -am, -eem, -im (not 
 ital.). 
 
 hareng] (Fr. m.), herring; 
 — pec, salted herring. 
 
 Hargraves (E. H.), 
 1816-91, discoverer of 
 the Australian goldfields. 
 
 Hargreaves (James), 
 1720-78, inventor of the 
 spinning-jenny. 
 
 haricot* {Yv.m. cook.), any 
 thick stew ; haricots 
 verts, French beans. 
 
 haridan, m5^ harridan*. 
 
 harier, use harrier*. 
 
 harl'karl, use hara-kiri*. 
 
 har/im, use -em *. 
 
 Haring (Wilhelm), 1797- 
 187 1, Ger. writer ; pen- 
 name Wilibald Alexis. 
 
 Harington (Sir John), 
 1561-1612, writer {see 
 also Harr-). 
 
 hark*, listen, not hea-. 
 
 harken, use hear- *. 
 
 harl*, a fibre, not Aq. 
 
 Harland & Wolff, ship- 
 builders, Belfast. 
 
 Harlech, Merioneth, not 
 -ck. 
 
 Harleian*, of Harley. 
 
 Harlem, New York (5^* 
 also Haar-). 
 
 Harlesden, Middlesex. 
 
 Harleston, Norfolk. 
 
 Harlestone, Northants. 
 
 Harlow (G. H.), 1787- 
 1819, painter. 
 
 *♦ Harlowe (Clarissa)," 
 by Richardson, 1748. 
 
 harmattan*,W. Afr. wind. 
 
 156 
 
HARMONIE — HAUSSIEB. 
 
 harmonie (Fr., Ger. mus. 
 
 f.), wind instruments. 
 harmoniphon*, mus. 
 
 instrument, not -ne. 
 harmonize*, «o/ -ise. 
 Haroun al - Raschid, 
 
 763-809, a caliph (one 
 
 hyphen). 
 Harper & Brothers, pub- 
 lishers. New York, 
 harquebus/*, a portable 
 
 gun, not -ss, arquebus; 
 
 -ier. 
 Harraden (Beatrice), 
 
 1864-, writer. 
 harridan*, a haggard old 
 
 woman, not hari-. 
 harrier *, not harier. 
 Harrington (Earl of) 
 
 (see also Hari-). 
 Harrison (Frederic, not 
 
 -k), 1831-, Positivist. 
 Harrisse (Henri), 1830-, 
 
 writer. 
 Harrogate, Yorks, not 
 
 Harrow-. 
 Harry-long-legs*, the 
 
 crane-fly (cap., hyphens). 
 *• Harry Lorrequer,** by 
 
 Lever, 1839. 
 Harte (Francis Bret), 
 
 1 839-1903, American 
 
 writer. 
 hartebeest*, antelope, not 
 
 hartb-. 
 Hartleian*, of Hartley, 
 
 not -leyan, -leyian. 
 Hartmann (K. R. E. 
 
 von), 1842-, metaphysic- 
 ian. 
 hartshorn*, ammonia 
 
 (one word). 
 Hartzenbusch (Juan 
 
 E.), 1806-80, Sp. dram, 
 Hartz Mountains, use 
 
 H arz — (see also Hardt) . 
 harum-scarum* (hy- 
 phen), mo/ harem-scarem. 
 Harvard University, 
 
 abbr. H.TJ. 
 Harv/ey (William), 
 
 1578-1657, discovered 
 
 blood circulation; -eian, 
 
 not -eyan. 
 
 Harz Mountains, not 
 Hartz — {see also Hardt). 
 
 hasard (Fr. f,), hazard. 
 
 has-been (a)*, one that 
 has been (hyphen). 
 
 Hase (K. A. von), 1800- 
 90, theologian. 
 
 hashish*, not hachisch, 
 -shish, -eesh, haschisch, 
 -ish. 
 
 Haslar Hospital, Hants. 
 
 Haslemere, Surrey {see 
 also Haz-). 
 
 hassagai, use assagai*. 
 
 Hasse (J. A.), 1699-1783, 
 composer. 
 
 hatband* (one word). 
 
 hatchel/*, to dress flax; 
 -led*, -Ier*, -ling*. 
 
 hatchway* (one word). 
 
 hite (Fr. f.), haste. 
 
 batti-bumayutiy Turk, 
 edict in Sultan's hand- 
 writing; hatti-shetif*. 
 Sultan's own decree. 
 
 Hatzfeld, Hungary. 
 
 Hauek (Minnie), 185a-, 
 singer. 
 
 Haug (Martin), 1827-76, 
 Orientalist. 
 
 Haulbo"wrline, Cork. 
 
 hauler*, mo/ -ier. 
 
 haulm* (bot.), a stalk or 
 stem, not halm. 
 
 Hauptmann (Gerhart), 
 1 862-, dramatist ; — 
 (Moritz), 1 792-1 868, 
 composer. 
 
 Hauptredakteur (Ger. 
 m.), chief editor (cap.). 
 
 Hauptzeile (Ger. typ. f.), 
 head-line, but Kopfzeile 
 (f.) more usual (cap.). 
 
 Hausa, Cent. Sudan, not 
 -ssa, Housa. 
 
 Hauslhdhe (Ger. typ. f.), 
 height of type adopted by 
 a printing oflSce ; -kegel 
 (m.), depth of same; 
 -korrektor (m.), indoor 
 reader ; -orthOgrapMe 
 (f.)," Rules of the House." 
 
 baussier (Fr. m.), specu- 
 lator for a rise, "a bull." 
 
 157 
 
HAUSSMANlSr — HEAD 
 
 Haussmann (G. E., 
 baron), 1809-91, Paris 
 architect. 
 
 haussmannize*, to open 
 out and rebuild. 
 
 haut/bois, -boy (mus.), use 
 oboe*. 
 
 haute] bourgeoisie (Fr. f,), 
 upper middle - class ; — 
 nouveautS, latest fash- 
 ion. 
 
 Hautes/-Alpes, dep. S.E. 
 
 Fr. ; Pyr6ii6es, dep. 
 
 S.W. France ; Haute- 
 Sa6ne, dep. E. France ; 
 pron. S5n (hyphens). 
 
 Iiaut et bon (Fr.), great 
 and good. 
 
 hauteur*, haughty de- 
 meanour (not ital.). 
 
 Iiaute volie (Fr. f.), the 
 upper ten. 
 
 hautj'gout* (Fr. m.), high 
 
 flavour; totl^ high 
 
 fashion. 
 
 Haiiy (R. J.), 1743-1822, 
 crystallographer. 
 
 Havana *, not -ah, -annah ; 
 in Sp. Habana. 
 
 Iiave (Fr.), emaciated. 
 
 havener*, a harbour- 
 master, not -or. 
 
 haver* (Sc law), the 
 holder of a document. 
 
 Haverfordwest, Pem- 
 broke (one word). 
 
 Havergal (F. R.)» 1836- 
 79, hymn writer. 
 
 haversack*, not havre-, 
 -sac. 
 
 havildar*, highest Indian 
 N.C. officer. 
 
 havoc*, not -ck. 
 
 Hawai/i, N. Pacific, for- 
 merly Sandwich Islands ; 
 -an, pron. ha-wy'yan. 
 
 Haweis (H. R.), 1838- 
 1901, writer ; pron. hois. 
 
 haw-haw, use ha-ha*. 
 
 Hawke (Baron). 
 
 hawk's-bill*, a turtle, 
 not hawkbill. 
 
 hawse* (naut.), a part in 
 the bows of a ship. 
 
 hawthorn* (one word). 
 
 Hawthorne (Julian), 
 1 846-, Amer. writer ; 
 — (Nathaniel), 1804-64, 
 Amer. writer. 
 
 hay*, a country-dance, 
 not hey. 
 
 Hayden (George), fl. 
 1723, composer {see also 
 Had-). 
 
 Haydn (Joseph), 1732- 
 1809, Ger. composer, 
 pron. hy'dn ; — (Joseph), 
 d. 1856, compiled " Dic- 
 tionary of Dates." 
 
 Haydon (Benjamin R.), 
 1 786- 1 846, painter {see 
 also Had-). 
 
 hay /maker *, -rick *, 
 -stack * (one word). 
 
 Hayti, use Haiti. 
 
 hazard*, in Fr. m. lias-. 
 
 hazel-hen* (hyphen). 
 
 hazle*, to dry superficially, 
 not hazz-. 
 
 Hazlemere, Bucks {see also 
 Has-). 
 
 Hazlitt (W.), 1778-1830, 
 writer ; — (William. 
 Carew), 183 4-, writer. 
 
 hazy*, not -ey. 
 
 HB* (pencils), hard and 
 black; H.B.& K. (bot.), 
 Humboldt, Bonpland, and 
 Kunth; H.B.C.*, Hudson 
 Bay Company; H.B.M.*, 
 His, or Her, Britannic 
 Majesty. 
 
 H.C., Heralds' College, 
 High Church, House of 
 Commons, ditto Correc- 
 tion ; h.c.f. (math.), 
 highest common factor ; 
 H.C.M., His, or Her, 
 Catholic Majesty ; H.C.S., 
 Home Civil Service. 
 
 hdkf., handkerchief. 
 
 hdqrs., head-quarters. 
 
 H.E., His Eminencci — 
 Excellency. 
 
 He*, helium. 
 
 head* (typ.), the blank 
 space at the top of a page 
 {see also margins). 
 
 138 
 
HEADACHE — HECTOGRAM 
 
 headache* (one word). 
 
 headachy*, not -ey. 
 
 headband* (binding), 
 the narrow ornament 
 fastened inside the back 
 of the head and tail of a 
 bound book. 
 
 head/-dress*, — -gear*, 
 work* (hyphens). 
 
 headings (typ.), to be 
 caps, {see also index); 
 — (aVLb-),Jirst, to be cap. 
 initials and s.caps. ; second, 
 even s.caps. ; third, italic 
 in centre ; fourth, italic 
 run-in. To be numbered 
 I, A, (1), (i), (a). 
 
 Headless Cross, Worcs. 
 
 head-lines* (typ.), those 
 at top of page with run- 
 ning title, pagination, etc. 
 Name, or abbreviated form 
 of title, on left-hand page, 
 chapter heading on right- 
 hand page, or contents 
 of the two pages open. 
 Latter preferred. To be 
 read and re-read by cor- 
 rectors, as errors here, and 
 in the folios, are easily 
 overlooked. 
 
 head-man*, a chief 
 (hyphen). 
 
 head/ master*, — mis- 
 tress* (two words). 
 
 head/-page* (typ.), the 
 one beginning a book, 
 
 chapter, etc. ; piece*, 
 
 a decorative block at top 
 of first page of a book, 
 chapter, etc. (hyphens). 
 
 head-quarters* (hy- 
 
 phen) ; abbr. H.Q., or 
 hdqrs. 
 
 head-sail*, one before 
 the fore-mast (hyphen). 
 
 headsman* (one word). 
 
 headstock* (mech.) (one 
 word). 
 
 headway*, motion for- 
 ward (one word). 
 
 head- word* (typ.), a 
 word forming a heading 
 (hyphen). 
 
 healthful*, «o/-ull. 
 
 Heap, see Heep. 
 
 hearken*, not har-. 
 
 heart-break/*, -er*, 
 
 -ing*, heart-broken* 
 (hyphens). 
 
 heartburn* Tone word). 
 
 hearthstone* (one word). 
 
 heart-rending* (hy- 
 
 phen). 
 
 heartsease*, the pansy 
 (one word). 
 
 heat (degrees of), (typ.) 
 to be in arable figures, as 
 71° F. 
 
 heathenize*, not -ise. 
 
 heather-bell* (bot.), an 
 Erica (hyphen). 
 
 heave ho !* (two words). 
 
 Heaven, cap. when equi- 
 valent to the Deity; I.e. 
 when a place, as "heaven 
 is our home." 
 
 heaven-bom* (hyphen). 
 
 heavy-weight* (boxing) 
 (hyphen). 
 
 Heb., Hebrew, -s. 
 
 hebdomad*, a week, not 
 -ade. 
 
 hebraize*, to make 
 Hebrew, not -ise, -aicize. 
 
 Hebrew (typ.), 22 letters, 
 and many accents, points, 
 etc. There is the ordin- 
 ary square fount, and 
 the "rabbinical." It is 
 read from right to left : 
 hence if any passage is 
 divided, the right-hand 
 words must go in the first 
 line, and the left-hand in 
 the second. Set with the 
 nicks downwards. Abbr. 
 Heb. 
 
 Hebridean, not -ian. 
 
 Hecat/e*, a Gr. goddess, 
 pron. hek'a-tfi ; adj. 
 
 Heckmondwlke, Yorks. 
 
 Hecla, volcano, Iceland, 
 not Hek-. 
 
 hectogram*, 100 
 
 grammes, off". Board of 
 Trade spelling, not -me, 
 
 159 
 
HECTOLITRE — HELLO 
 
 abbr. hectog. ; hecto- 
 litre*, loolitres, not-ter, 
 abbr. hectol. ; -metre*, 
 loo metres, not -er, abbr. 
 hectom. (not ital.). 
 
 H.E.D., incorrect abbr. for 
 '' Historical (now Oxford) 
 English Dictionary," use 
 O.E.D. 
 
 "Hedda Gabler/* play 
 by Ibsen, 1890. 
 
 hedgerow* (one word). 
 
 Hedgrah, use Hegira*. 
 
 Hedin (Sven Anders), 
 1865-, Sw. traveller. 
 
 hee-haw*, a, or to, bray, 
 not he-, hiu-. 
 
 Heep (IJriah), in "David 
 Copperfield," not Heap. 
 
 ffeer (Ger.n.), army (cap.). 
 
 heer{Du. n.), Mr., Sir. 
 
 Heft (Ger. typ. n.), fasci- 
 culus, part, also ten sheets 
 of paper (cap.) ; abbr. 
 Hftjpl.Hefie. 
 
 he f ten (Ger. typ.), to stitch. 
 
 Hegel (Georg, not -e, W. 
 F.), 1770-1831, metaph. 
 
 Hegira*, the flight of 
 Mohammed from Mecca 
 to Medina, a.d. 622, not 
 Hedgrah,Hejira,Hijra,-h. 
 
 H.E.LC.*, 
 
 Honourable 
 
 East India Company ; 
 H.E.I.C.N., ditto Navy ; 
 H.E.I.C.S.jdittoService. 
 
 Heidelberg, German uni- 
 versity town. 
 
 Heidsieck, a champagne. 
 
 heighday, use hey-*. 
 
 heigh-ho*, an audible sigh 
 (see also hey-). 
 
 height to paper (typ.), 
 height of type, '9185 inch, 
 or the diam. of a worn 
 shilling. 
 
 Heiland (der) (Ger.), the 
 Saviour (cap.). 
 
 Heilanstalt (Ger. f.), sana- 
 torium, not Heils- (cap.). 
 
 ** Heil dir im Sieger- 
 kranz** (Hail to thee in 
 the conqueror's wreath), 
 Pruss. national hymn. 
 
 heiIig{Gev.\ holy; abbr. bl. 
 heilige SctiriH (Ger. f.). 
 
 Holy Scripture (one cap. ) ; 
 
 abbr. hLS. 
 Heim\at (Ger. f.), birth- 
 
 place, not -ath ; -gang 
 
 (m.), death (cap.). 
 ** Heimskringla/* Norse 
 
 history. 
 Heine (Heinrich, but 
 
 signed Henri), 1797- 
 
 1856, Ger. poet ; pron. 
 
 hy'nS ; adj. Heineian. 
 Heinemann (William), 
 
 publisher, London, 
 heinous *. 
 
 Heinrich, Ger. for Henry, 
 Heinz, Ger. for Harry, 
 heir (an, not a). 
 heir apparent* (two 
 
 words) ; abbr. heir app. 
 heirloom* (an, «o/ a) (one 
 
 word). 
 heir presumptive (two 
 
 words) ; abbr. heir pres. 
 Hejira, use Hegira*. 
 Hekla, use Hec-. 
 Hel (North, myth.), the 
 
 goddess of the dead. 
 Hel., Helvetia (Switz.). 
 h6las! (Fr.), alas! (5 
 
 sounded). 
 Helensburgh, Dumbar- 
 ton, not -borough. 
 Helicon*, a mountain, not 
 
 fountain or lake. 
 Heliogabalus, Ms<?Elag-. 
 heliogravure*, a photo- 
 gravure (not ital.). 
 helium*, symbol He*. 
 hel/ix*, a spiral ;/>/. -ices*, 
 hell (not cap.) ; in Ger. f. 
 
 Holte (see also Hel). 
 Ijell (Ger.), clear, bright. 
 Hell (Maximilian), 1720- 
 92, Austrian astronomer. 
 Hellen (Gr. myth.), king 
 
 of Phthia, Thessaly. 
 Hellen/e*, a modern 
 Greek ; pi. -es, prom 
 hel'enz. 
 hellenize *, to make 
 
 Greek, not -ise. 
 hello, use hallo*. 
 160 
 
HELMHOIiTZ — HERSCHEL 
 
 [ 
 
 Helmholtz (Hermann 
 
 L. F. von), 1821-94, 
 
 physicist, 
 helmsman*, one who 
 
 steers (one word). 
 H6loise, 1 101-64, and 
 
 Abelard, not E1-. 
 help/mate *, -meet* (one 
 
 word). 
 helter-skelter* (hyphen). 
 Helvellyn, mountain, 
 
 Cumberland. 
 Hely-Hutchinson, Irish 
 
 name (hyphen). 
 hema-, prefix, use "had-*. 
 Hem el Hempstead, 
 
 Herts (two words). 
 hemistich * (prosody), 
 
 pron. he'mis-tik. 
 hemo-, prefix, use hSB-*. 
 hempseed* (one word), 
 hem-stitch* (hyphen). 
 hence/forth*, -forward* 
 
 (one word). 
 Henle (F. G. J.), 1809-85, 
 
 anatomist. 
 Henley (W. E.), 1845- 
 
 1903, writer. 
 henna * (hot.), Egyptian 
 
 privet, not -ah (not ital.), 
 hen-peck/*, -ed* (hyphen). 
 Henri, Fr. for Henry. 
 Henslow (George), 
 
 1835-, hot. ; — (J. S.), 
 
 1 796-1861, hot. 
 Hen slows (Philip), d. 
 
 i6i6, wrote " Diary." 
 her., heraldry. 
 her., heres (heir). 
 Heraclean*, of Hercules, 
 
 not -ian. 
 Heracleid*, descendant 
 
 of Hercules, not -lid. 
 heraldry, abbr. her. 
 Heralds* College*, abbr. 
 
 H.C. (apos.). 
 Herausgeber (Ger. m.), 
 
 editor, publisher (cap.). 
 herb/*, -al* (a, not an). 
 herbari/um *, a collection 
 
 of dried plants ; pi. -a 
 
 (not ital.). 
 Herbart (J. F.), 1776- 
 
 184 1, educationist. 
 
 herborize*, not -\se. 
 
 Herculean* (a, not an) 
 (cap.). 
 
 Hercules*, in Gr. Hera- 
 kles. 
 
 herd -book* (hyphen). 
 
 here/about*, -s*, -after*, 
 -by*, -in*, -of*, -on*, 
 -out*, -to*, -tofore*, 
 -under *, -upon *, 
 -with * (one word). 
 
 herein/ above*, — after*, 
 
 — before* (two words). 
 herels (Lat.), heir ;/>/. -des, 
 
 abbr. her. 
 
 heritrix*, an heiress, not 
 -tress, here-. 
 
 Her Majesty (caps.), abbr. 
 H.M. 
 
 hermeneutics*, science of 
 interpreting Holy Script. 
 
 hernia/*, pi. -s*. 
 
 hero/* (a, not an) ; pi. 
 -es*. 
 
 heroic * (an, not a). 
 
 heronry*, heron breeding- 
 place, not hernery. 
 
 herpetolog/y*, -ist*, not 
 er-. 
 
 Herr/ (Ger. m.), Mr., Sir, 
 pi. -en ; abbr. Hr. Let- 
 ters are addressed "An 
 Herm" or "Herm" 
 (abbr. Hm.) Schmidt; 
 -in, lady, mistress, pi. 
 -innen. 
 
 Herr (Dan., Norw., Sw.), 
 Mr., Sir. 
 
 Herr{der\ the Lord (cap.). 
 
 Herreshoff, Amer. yacht 
 builders. 
 
 fferrgott (Ger.), Lord God. 
 
 herring-bone*, a stitch 
 (hyphen). 
 
 fiermbuter* (die) (Ger.), 
 Moravian Brotherhood. 
 
 Her Royal Highness, 
 abbr. H.R.H. 
 
 hers* (no apostrophe). 
 
 Herschel (Caroline Lu- 
 cre tia), 1 750- 1 848 ; — 
 (SirJ.F.W.), 1 792-1871; 
 
 — (Sir William), 1738- 
 1822, astronomers. 
 
 x6i II 
 
HERSCHELIi — HIGGLEDY 
 
 Herschell (Baron), 1837- Heytesbury, Wilts ; pron. 
 
 99, Lord Chancellor. 
 Herts, Hertfordshire. 
 Hertz (Heinrich), 1857- 
 
 94, physicist ; — (Hen- 
 
 rik), 1 798-1870, Danish 
 
 dramatist {see also Herz). 
 Herve (F. R.), 1825-92, 
 
 composer. 
 hervorheben (Ger. typ.), 
 
 to display, or emphasize. 
 Herz{Ger. n.), heart (cap.). 
 Herz (Henri), 1806-88, 
 
 composer {seealso^ertz). 
 Herzegovina, Austria. 
 Herzogl (Ger. m.), duke, 
 
 pi. -e ; -in (f.), duchess ; 
 
 "turn (n.), duchy, not 
 
 -thum (caps.). 
 Hesperis*, a genus of 
 
 plants. 
 Hesperus*, evening star. 
 fiessje (Ger.), a Hessian, 
 
 fern. -In ; -e/i. State of 
 
 Hesse. 
 bet (Du.), the ; abbr. *t, as 
 
 van't Hoff. 
 betwrja* (Gr.), a concu- 
 bine, pi. -as*; -ism*, not 
 
 -tair-, -tar-. 
 heteroousian *, of unlike 
 
 substance, not heterou-. 
 Heu (Ger. n.), hay (cap.). 
 heu (Lat.), Oh 1 
 heuch!* (Sc), the cry of 
 
 a Highland-fling dancer, 
 
 not hooch. 
 heugh*(Sc.), aglen, wo/-ch. 
 heugh! * hallo ! 
 Heureka, use Eu-. 
 beureusement (Fr)> 
 
 happily. 
 hex-, Gr. prefix for six ; in 
 
 Lat. sex-, 
 hexad (chem.), not -ade 
 
 (not ital.). 
 hey, a dance, use hay*, 
 hey-day*, prosperity, not 
 
 heigh- (hyphen). 
 bey duck* J Hungarian 
 
 soldier, not hai-. 
 hey-ho ! * utterance mark- 
 ing rhythm (hyphen) {see 
 «/so heigh-). 
 
 hay'tsbury. 
 
 HeyAvood (John), pub- 
 lisher, Manchester and 
 London. 
 
 hf.-bd., half-bound; hf.- 
 cf., half-calf binding; hf.- 
 cL, half-cloth ditto. 
 
 Hfrz. (Ger.), Halbfram- 
 band (half-bound calf). 
 
 Hft., Heft (Ger.), number, 
 part. 
 
 H.G., His, or Her, Grace, 
 Horse Guards, High Ger. ; 
 Hg, hydrargyrum (mer- 
 cury); H.G.D.H., His, 
 or Her, Grand ducal 
 Highness. 
 
 H.H.*, His, or Her, High- 
 ness; His Holiness (the 
 Pope); HH* (pencils), 
 harder ; hhd., hogshead, 
 -s; HHH* (pencils), 
 very hard. 
 
 H.I., hie iacet (here lies). 
 
 Hiatt (Charles), 1869-, 
 writer. 
 
 hiatus/ *, pi. -es * (not ital.). 
 
 hibernate*, wo/ hy-. 
 
 hibernize*, not -ise. 
 
 hie*, speech interruption, 
 not hik. 
 
 bic (Lat.), this, here. 
 
 hiccup *, yiot -cough, -kup. 
 
 bic et ubique (Lat.), here 
 and everywhere. 
 
 Hichens (Robert S.), 
 1864-, writer. 
 
 hie iaceij * (Lat.), here lies ; 
 
 sepultus, here lies 
 
 buried, abbr. H.I.S. 
 
 Hicks Be ash (Sir Mich- 
 ael), 1 83 7-, statesman 
 (hyphen not used by him). 
 
 hidalgo/*, Sp. gentleman 
 by birth ; pi. -a. 
 
 hide-and-seek*, a game 
 (hyphens). 
 
 hieing, use hy-*. 
 
 bier (Ger.), here ; Hier 
 spricht man Deutscb, 
 German spoken here, 
 hieroglyphize *, not -ise. 
 higgledy-piggledy *. 
 
 z6a 
 
HIGH — H JELM 
 
 High Church ♦, abbr. 
 H.C. ; High-Church- 
 man* (hyphen, caps.). 
 highfalutin* (U.S.A.), 
 bombast, not -en, hifalu- 
 tiii, -n', -ng. 
 high-flown * (hyphen). 
 high-flyer*, not -flier, 
 high pressure, abbr. H.P. 
 high-priest*, abbr. H.P. 
 
 (hyphen). 
 high/road* ; — seas (the) , 
 more than three miles from 
 the coast (two words). 
 high-Tvater mark* (one 
 
 hyphen). 
 highwayman*(one word) . 
 H.I.H., His, or Her, 
 
 Imperial Highness. 
 mira\. -hy use Hegira*. 
 Hil., Hilary. 
 
 Hilary's Day (St.), 13 
 January in Ch. of Eng., 
 14 Jan. in Ch. of Rome. 
 Hilary/ Sittings, 11 Jan. 
 to Wednesday before 
 Easter ; — Term (law), 
 1 1-3 1 January. 
 Hilfsbuch (Ger. m.), aid, 
 
 primer, manual (cap.). 
 hill, when with name to 
 
 have cap., as Box Hill. 
 Hillingdon, Middlesex. 
 Hniington, Norfolk, 
 hillo/, -a, use hallo*. 
 hiU/-side*, top* (hy- 
 phens). 
 H.I.M., His, or Her, Im- 
 perial Majesty. 
 Himalayas, India. 
 bincl (Lat.), hence ; — illse 
 lacbrymaSf hence these 
 tears: 
 Hind., Hindu, -stan, -stani. 
 Hindi, of N. India, «o/ -dee 
 
 (not ital.). 
 Hindlip (Baron), 
 hindmost *, not hinder-. 
 Hindoo, use Hindu*, 
 hindrance*, not -erance. 
 Hindu/*, not -doo, abbr. 
 Hind, (not ital.) ; -iam*, 
 -ize. 
 Hindu Kush, mountains. 
 
 Hindustan, abbr. Hind. 
 
 Hindustani*, Urdu, the 
 chief Indian language ; 
 abbr. Hind. 
 
 hing/e*, -ing*. 
 
 Hinterland*, the '<back 
 country" (not ital.). 
 
 bin undber (Ger.), to and 
 fro ; bin und zuriick, 
 there and back. 
 
 Hin weisungszeicben 
 (Ger. typ. f.), reference 
 mark. 
 
 hip/-bone*, — -joint* (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 hippodrome* (not ital.). 
 
 hippogriff"*, a fabulous 
 monster, not -gryph (not 
 ital.). 
 
 hippopotam/us*, pi. -i* 
 (not ital.). 
 
 hirdy-girdy* (Sc), dis- 
 order {see also hurdy-). 
 
 hireable*, obtainable for 
 hire, not hira-. 
 
 Hirmols (Gr. Ch.), pi. -/. 
 
 H.I.S., hie iacet sepultus 
 (here lies buried). 
 
 His/ Eminence, abbr. 
 H.E.; — Excellency, 
 H.E. ; — Majesty, 
 H.M. (caps., not ital.). 
 
 bis non obstantibus 
 (Lat.), nevertheless. 
 
 hispaniciize*, Ko/-ise. 
 
 His, or Her, Royal High- 
 ness(caps.), abbr.H.R.H. 
 
 histor/ian, -ic, -ical (an, 
 not a) ; abbr. hist. 
 
 Historicus, pen-name of 
 George Grote, also of Sir 
 W. Vernon Harcourt. 
 
 historiette* (not ital.). 
 
 history* (a,«o/an) ; notable 
 epochs or events to have 
 caps., as the Julian Era, 
 the Middle Ages, the 
 Peace of Utrecht. 
 
 Hitchin, Herts, not -en. 
 
 hitty-missy*, at random. 
 Hivites, people of North 
 
 Palestine. 
 Hjelm (P. J.), 1746-1813, 
 Swedish chemist. 
 
 11* 
 
 THE ■'^ 
 
 VER3ITY 
 
H.K. — HOGMANAY 
 
 H.K!., House of Keys, Isle 
 
 of Man. 
 H.Xj., House of Lords; 
 hi, (Ger.\ heih'g (holy); 
 H.Ii.I., Highland Light 
 Infantry; hl.S, (Gen), 
 heilige Schrift (Holy Scrip- 
 ture) ; Hlw. (Ger.), 
 Halbleinwand (half-bound 
 cloth). 
 
 H.M., His, or Her, Maj- 
 esty ; Home Mission ; 
 (paper) hand - made ; 
 h.m., hoc mense (in this 
 month), hujus mensis (this 
 month's); H.M. C.*, His, 
 or Her, Majesty's Cus- 
 toms ; H.M.I., ditto In- 
 spector ; H.M.P., hoc 
 fHonumentutn posuit (he, 
 or she, erected this monu- 
 ment) ; H.M.S.*, His, 
 or Her, Majesty's Service, 
 or Ship; H.M.S.O., ditto 
 Stationery Office. 
 
 Ho, holmium. 
 
 ho., house. 
 
 hoar-frost* (hyphen). 
 
 hoar hound, use hore-*. 
 
 Hobbema (Meindert), 
 1638-1709, Dutch painter. 
 
 hobbledehoy *, a raw- 
 youth, not the many varia- 
 tions. 
 
 hobby-horse* (hyphen). 
 
 hob-nob* (hyphen). 
 
 Hoboken, U.S.A. 
 
 hoboy (mus.), use oboe*. 
 
 hoc] age (Lat.), do this ! 
 pron. a'jee ; — annO, 
 in this year, abbr. h,a. ; 
 — genus omne, all this 
 class. 
 
 hoc habet (Lat.), he has 
 this. 
 
 Hoch (dreimal) (Ger.), 
 three cheers. 
 
 Hochdruck (Ger. typ. m.), 
 relief printing (cap.). 
 
 hochepot (Fr. cook, m.), a 
 dish, hotchpotch. 
 
 bochstehender Bucb- 
 Stabe (Ger. typ.), su- 
 perior letter, as •>. 
 
 HochwSrden (Ger. noun, 
 indecl.). Reverend (cap.). 
 
 hoc! loco (Lat.), in this 
 place ; — mense, in this 
 month, abbr. h.m. ; — 
 monumenium posuit, 
 he, or she, erected this 
 monument,abbr.H.M.P.; 
 — quasre, look for this, 
 h.q. ; — sensu, in this 
 sense, h.s. ; — tempore, 
 at this time, h.t. ; — 
 titulo, in, or under, this 
 title, h.t. 
 
 hocus-pocus* (hyphen). 
 
 hodge-podge*, a medley 
 {see also hotch-). 
 
 hodie (Lat.), to-day. 
 
 hodmandod*, a snail. 
 
 hodograph* (math.), a 
 curve. 
 
 hodomet/er *, distance 
 measurer ; -ry, not od-. 
 
 Hodson (W. S. B,.), 1821- 
 58, of Hodson's Horse. 
 
 Hoe, Plymouth ; pron. ho. 
 
 Hoe (K. M.), 1812-86, 
 printing-machine maker. 
 
 hoeing*, not hoing. 
 
 Hot (Ger. m.), court, hotel 
 (cap.). 
 
 Hofdichter (Ger.), Poet 
 Laureate (cap.). 
 
 HofF( Jacobus H. van't), 
 1852-, Dutch chemist. 
 
 HoflFman (Professor), 
 pen-name of J. A. Lewis. 
 
 Hoffmann (Daniel), 
 1576-1601, theologian ; — 
 (E. T. A.), 1776-1822, 
 Ger. writer; — (Fred- 
 eric), 1660-1742, Ger. 
 chemist (see also Hofm-). 
 
 Hoffnung (Ger. f.), hope 
 (cap.). 
 
 Hofmann (A. W. von), 
 1818-92, chemist ; — 
 (Josef), pianist ; — 
 (J. C. K. von), 1810- 
 77, theologian (see also 
 HofF-). 
 Hofmann' s violet, 
 hogmanay* (Sc), the last 
 day of the year. 
 
 164 
 
HOGSHEAD — HOMME 
 
 hogshead/, -s, abbr. hhd. 
 Hohenzollem (House 
 
 of), Prussian Imperial 
 
 family. 
 hoiden, use hoy- *. 
 hoing, use hoe-*. 
 boi polloi {not the) (Gr.), 
 
 the masses, not oi — . 
 hokey-pokey *,ice-cream, 
 
 not hoky - poky (hy- 
 phen). 
 holarctic* (zool.) (one 
 
 word, not ital.). 
 Holbein (Hans), 1497- 
 
 i543> painter. 
 hole-and-corner*, secret 
 
 (hyphens). 
 holey*, having holes. 
 Holi, useHoolee*. 
 holibut, use halibut*, 
 holily*, sacredly. 
 holla, Ms^ hallo*, 
 hollabaloo, use hulla-*. 
 hoUand*, a linen (not cap.). 
 bolIandaJsj {Fr.),/em. -e, 
 
 Dutch ; abbr. boll, (not 
 
 cap.). 
 Holle (Ger. f.), hell. 
 holl/o, -oa, -o\«r, use 
 
 haUo*. 
 hollyhock*, a plant, 
 holmium, symbol Ho. 
 Holofemes, Assyr. Gen- 
 eral ; a pedantic teacher. 
 Holtei (K. von), 1798- 
 
 1880, poet. 
 Holty (L. H. C), 1748- 
 
 76, poet. 
 Holtzapffel (Charles), 
 
 1806-47, mechanician. 
 Holtz machine (elec). 
 holus-bolus*, all at once 
 
 (hyphen). 
 Holy Cross Day*, 14 
 
 September. 
 Holy/ Ghost * ; — Land * 
 
 (two words, caps.). 
 Holyoake (G. J.), 1817-, 
 
 writer. 
 Holy of holies* (one 
 
 cap.). 
 Holyoke, Mass., U.S.A., 
 
 a city. 
 Holy orders (one cap). 
 
 Holy Roman Empire 
 (caps.), abbr. H.II.E. 
 
 Holy Saturday, one be- 
 fore Easter. 
 
 Holy Spirit, as Deity 
 (caps.). 
 
 holystone* (naut.) (two 
 words), but the verb to 
 holystone* (one word). 
 
 Holy Thursday, Ascen- 
 sion Day in Eng. Church ; 
 but Thursday in Holy 
 Week, or Maundy Thurs- 
 day, in Roman Church. 
 
 Holy Week*, one before 
 Easter (two words, caps.). 
 
 Holzjblock (Ger. typ. m.), 
 wood-block ; -druck{m.), 
 wood-print ; -platte (f.), 
 woodcut-biock ; -scbnitt 
 (m.), woodcut. 
 
 homage, in Fr. bomm-. 
 
 bomard (Fr. m.), lobster. 
 
 home-brewed * (hyphen). 
 
 Home Counties (the), 
 Essex, Herts, Kent, 
 Middlesex, Surrey. 
 
 Homely (Josias), pen- 
 name of John Bradford. 
 
 home-made* (hyphen). 
 
 Homeric, or loud, laugh- 
 ter (cap.). 
 
 Home/ Rule *, — Ruler 
 (two words, caps.) ; abbr. 
 H.R. 
 
 home-sick/*, -ness* (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 homespun* (one word). 
 
 homing *, not -eing. 
 
 hominy * (U.S.A.), ground 
 maize. 
 
 homish*, home-like, not 
 -eish. 
 
 Hommage] de Pauteur 
 (Fr.), with the author's 
 compliments; — de l*6di' 
 tear, ditto publisher's, 
 not editor's. 
 
 bommej d'affaires (Fr.), 
 business man, not — des 
 — ; — de biettf a respect- 
 able man ; — de lettres, 
 author; — de pallle, 
 man of straw ; — de robe, 
 
 t65 
 
HOMME — HOPPING 
 
 lawyer ; hommej (Tes- 
 pritf man of wit ; — 
 (TStat, statesman ; — de 
 tSte, man of resource ; 
 — du tnonde, man of 
 fashion. 
 
 hommock, use hu- *. 
 
 bomjo* (Lat.), human be- 
 ing; pi. -ines, 
 
 homoeopath*, «o/home-. 
 
 homogenize*, Mo/-ise. 
 
 homoiousian*, of like 
 substance (not ital.). 
 
 homologize*, to make 
 homologous, not -ise. 
 
 hom.onym*, a word of 
 like spelling but different 
 meaning, not -me. 
 
 hom.oousian*, of the same 
 substance, not homou- 
 (not ital.). 
 
 homy*, home-like, not-ey. 
 
 Hon., Honourable (son of 
 a peer), Honorary. 
 
 bon. (Fr.), honore {honour- 
 ed). 
 
 Honble., Honourable (Ind. 
 title). 
 
 honest (an, not a). 
 
 honey-bee* (hyphen). 
 
 honeycomb* (one word). 
 
 honey-dew*, a sticky sub- 
 stance, a tobacco (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 honeyed*, sweet, not -led. 
 
 honeymoon* (one word). 
 
 honeysuckle* (one word). 
 
 Hong-Kong, China (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 Honisoitqulmalypense, 
 evil be to him who 
 thinks evil of it (motto of 
 the Order of the Garter). 
 
 boanBte homme (Fr. m.), 
 a worthy man ; hotnme 
 bonnite, a civil man. 
 
 bonoraires (Fr. pi. m.), 
 fee, salary. 
 
 Honorar (Ger. n.), honora- 
 rium (cap.). 
 
 honorarium/* (a, mo/ an) ; 
 pi. -s* (not ital.). 
 
 honorary secretary, 
 abbr. Hon. Sec. 
 
 bonorS (Fr.), honoured ; 
 abbr. bon. 
 
 bonorisj causa, or — 
 gratia (Lat.), for the sake 
 of honour, 
 
 honour (an, not a). 
 
 honourable* (an, not a) ; 
 abbr.for son of peer, Hon., 
 for Indian title, Honble. 
 
 Honourable Artillery 
 Company, abbr. H. A.C. 
 
 Hon. Sec, honorary sec- 
 retary. 
 
 hooch, see heuch. 
 
 hood"wink* (one word). 
 
 Hooghly, Ind. , use Hugli. 
 
 Hook./ (bot.), Sir W. 
 Hooker ; — fi.1. (bot.), 
 Sir J. D. Hooker. 
 
 Hook (Theodore Ed- 
 ward), 1 788- 1 84 1, hu- 
 morist (see also Hooke). 
 
 hookah*. Oriental pipe, 
 not hooka, -er, hoqqa, 
 houka, hukah (not ital.). 
 
 hook and eye* (no hy- 
 phen). 
 
 Hooke (Robert), 1635- 
 1703, physicist {see also 
 Hook). 
 
 hook-in (typ.), when there 
 are too many words for 
 one line to carry, those 
 at the end are carried 
 above or below to the 
 end of the preceding or 
 succeeding line, as in 
 poetry, etc. 
 
 Hoolee*, E. Ind. religious 
 festival, not Holi. 
 
 hooping-oough,M5^w^h-*. 
 
 hoopoe*, S. European bird; 
 pron. hoo'poo, 
 
 hope* (a, not an). 
 
 hoping*, not -eing. 
 
 Hopkins (Johns, not 
 John) University, U.S.A. 
 (no apos.). 
 
 hop-o*-my- thumb*, a 
 pigmy (hyphens). 
 
 hop-picker* (hyphen). 
 
 hopping*, action of hop, 
 also hop gathering, not 
 hoping. 
 
 166 
 
HOPPITER — HOUR 
 
 Hoppner (John), 1758- 
 1810, painter, R.A. 
 
 Hoppo*, Chinese Board of 
 Revenue. 
 
 hopscotch.*, a game (one 
 word). 
 
 hor., horizon. 
 
 horja (Lat.), hour, pi. -as; 
 horasj canonicas, hours 
 for prayer; — subse- 
 civsSf leisure hours. 
 
 Horatius Codes, of the 
 Sublician Bridge ; pron. 
 kSkleez. 
 
 Horeham Road, Sussex. 
 
 horehound*, mo^ hoar-. 
 
 Horham, Suffolk. 
 
 horizon, abbr. hor. 
 
 horn (English), one of 
 the oboes ; in Fr. cor 
 anglais ;— (French), one 
 of the trumpet class. 
 
 hornblende*, not -d. 
 
 hornpipe*, a dance (one 
 word). 
 
 horologe*, a timekeeper 
 (not ital.). 
 
 horology, abbr. horol. 
 
 horoscope* (not ital.). 
 
 horribitej dicta (Lat.), 
 horrible to tell ; — visu, 
 horrible to see. 
 
 borsi* (Fr.), beyond, out 
 of; — concours, not for 
 competition {not de) ; — 
 de combat*, disabled; 
 — de la loi, outlaw ; — 
 de pair, without an equal ; 
 
 d'ceuvre*, sing, and 
 
 pi., relish, -es. 
 
 Horse - Artillery (caps., 
 hyphen), abbr. H.A. 
 
 horseback* (one word). 
 
 horse/- chestnut*, not 
 
 -chesnut ; coper*, not 
 
 -couper (hyphens). 
 
 Horse Fair, Kiddermin- 
 ster (two words). 
 
 Horsefair, Yorks. 
 
 horse/-flesh*, fly* (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 Horse Guards (Royal) *, 
 abbr. H.G. (two words, 
 caps.). 
 
 horsehair* (one word). 
 
 horse/-marine*, a <' land- 
 lubber"; — -po^ver*, 
 
 abbr.h.p. ; race * ; — 
 
 -radish* (hyphens). 
 
 horseshoe* (one word). 
 
 horse-tail* (hyphen). 
 
 horsewhip * (one word). 
 
 Horsham, Sussex. 
 
 bors ligne (Fr.), excep- 
 tional. 
 
 horsy*, horse-like, not-ty, 
 
 hort., horticulture. 
 
 bortus siccus*, collection 
 of dried plants. 
 
 Hos., Hosea. 
 
 Hosanna/*, a shout of 
 praise, "save, we pray," 
 not -ah (not ital.) ; — 
 Sunday, Palm Sunday. 
 
 hospital (a, not an). 
 
 hospitaller*, not -aler. 
 
 hostel/*, -ry*. 
 
 hostilize*, «o^-ise. 
 
 hostler, use ostler*. 
 
 hotbed* (hort.) (one word). 
 
 hotchpot* (law), gather- 
 ing for purpose of equal 
 division (one word). 
 
 hotchpotch* (cook.) (one 
 word) {see also hodge-). 
 
 bdte (Fr. m.), innkeeper, 
 host ; also guest. 
 
 hotel* (an, not a) ; — 
 (name of), when cited, 
 if ambiguous, to be romaii 
 double-quoted. 
 
 Hdtelj de vllle* (Fr. m.), 
 town hall ; — -DIeu*, a 
 hospital, pi. Hdtels- 
 DIeu ; bStel garni, 
 furnished lodgings. 
 
 hotsl-keeper (an, not a) 
 (hyphen). 
 
 hot-house ♦ (hort) (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 Houdan, breed of fowls. 
 
 Houdin (J. E. R.), 1805- 
 71, conjurer. 
 
 Houdon (J. -A.), 1741- 
 1828, Fr. sculptor. 
 
 hour/* (an, not a) ; abbr. 
 
 sing, ovpl.-h.. ; glass * 
 
 (an, not a) (hyphen). 
 
 167 
 
EiOURI — HTJCKABACK 
 
 houri/*, a nymph of the 
 Moham. paradise ; pi. -s. 
 
 Sousa, African race, use 
 Hausa. 
 
 house, number of in a 
 street, should have no 
 point after, as 6 Fleet 
 Street ; abbr. ho. 
 
 House (the)*, the Stock 
 Exchange, Christ Church 
 (Oxford), the House of 
 Commons, the work- 
 house. 
 
 house/- agent*, boat* 
 
 (hyphens). 
 
 housebote* (law), house 
 repair. 
 
 housebreaker * (one 
 
 word). 
 
 house/ -flag*, fly* (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 house/holder*, -keeper*, 
 -maid* (one word). 
 
 House of/ Commons 
 (the), abbr. H.C. ; — 
 
 — Keys, H.K. ; 
 
 Lords, abbr. H.L. 
 
 house/-painter*, phy- 
 sician*, abbr. H.P.; — 
 -surgeon*, abbr. H.S. 
 (hyphens). 
 
 housewife* (one word). 
 
 Housman (A.E.), 1859-, 
 poet ; — (Laurence), 
 1867-, writer and painter. 
 
 Houssaye (Ars§ne), 
 1815-96, writer ; — 
 (Henri), 1848-, writer. 
 
 houyhnhnm *, a horse 
 with human characteris- 
 tics (** Gulliver's Tra- 
 vels ") ; pron. hwin'im. 
 
 Hova, a Madagascan race. 
 
 hovell/er*, -ing* (two 
 Z's). 
 
 hoTvbeit* (one word). 
 
 howdah*, elephant- seat, 
 not -a, houda, -ah, -ar, 
 -er. 
 
 how - do -you - do *, or 
 how-d*ye-do* (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 Howells (W. D.), 1 837-, 
 Amer. writer. 
 
 Howietown fishery, Stir- 
 ling. 
 
 howitzer*, a cannon. 
 
 Howth, Dublin ; pron. 
 both. 
 
 hoy (naut.), abbr. H. 
 
 hoya* (bot.), a wax-plant. 
 
 hoyden*, not hoi-. 
 
 Hoylake, Cheshire (one 
 word). 
 
 H.P., half-pay, high pres- 
 sure, high-priest, house- 
 physician, (paper) hot- 
 pressed. 
 
 h.p., horse-power. 
 
 H.Q., Head-quarters. 
 
 h.q.*, hoc qua&re (look for 
 this), or q.v. 
 
 H.R., Home Rule, -r. House 
 of Representatives ; Hr. 
 (Gen), Herr (Mr., Sir); 
 H.II.E., Holy Roman 
 Empire ; H.R.H.*, His, 
 or Her, Royal Highness ; 
 H.R.I.P. (Lat.), hie re- 
 quiescit in pace (here rests 
 in peace). 
 
 H.S., hie sepultus (or situs) 
 (here is buried), hoe sensu 
 (in this sense), house- 
 surgeon ; Hs. (Ger.), 
 Handsehrift (manuscript); 
 H.S.!E., hie sepultus (or 
 situs) est (here lies buried) ; 
 H.S.H., His, or Her, Se- 
 rene Highness ; H.S.M., 
 His, or Her, Serene 
 Majesty ; H.S.S., Historian 
 Soeietaiis Soeius (Fellow 
 of the Historical So- 
 ciety). 
 
 h.t., hoc tempore (at this 
 time), hoc titulo (in, or 
 under, this title) ; (elec.) 
 high tension. 
 
 H.U., Harvard Univer- 
 sity. 
 
 hubble-bubble*. Orien- 
 tal pipe (hyphen, not 
 ital.). 
 
 Hiibner (Julius), 1806- 
 82, painter. 
 
 huckaback*, a fabric, not 
 hugga- (one word). 
 
 168 
 
HUCKWAIiL — HITRDEN 
 
 Hucknall Torkard, 
 
 Notts, where Byron is 
 
 buried. 
 Hudson Bay, N. Amer., 
 
 not Hudson's — . 
 hue and cry* (no hyphen). 
 Hueffer (F. M.), 1873-, 
 
 writer ; — (Francis), 
 
 1845-89, mus. critic. 
 Hugel (Ger. m.), hill 
 
 (cap.). 
 hugger-mugger*, secret- 
 ly (hyphen, not ital.). 
 Hughenden, Bucks ; pron. 
 
 hitch'en-dn. 
 Hugli, not Hooghly. 
 Hugo (Victor Marie), 
 
 1802-85, Fr. writer. 
 Huguenot *, not -onot. 
 buis clos {k) (Fr.), with 
 
 closed doors, in camera. 
 buissier* (Fr. m.), bailiff", 
 
 doorkeeper. 
 huitres (Fr. f.), oysters. 
 bujus anni (Lat.), of this 
 
 year ; abbr. A. a. 
 hukah, use hookah*, 
 hullabaloo*, uproar, not 
 
 the many variations. 
 HuUah (J. P.), 1812-84, 
 
 musician, 
 hull/o, -oa, -00, use 
 
 haUo*. 
 Hulsean Lectures, Cam- 
 bridge. 
 Humaniora (Lat.), the 
 
 humanities ; abbr. Hum, 
 humani25e*, «o/-ise. 
 humble* (a, not an). 
 humble-bee* (hyphen). 
 humble pie (to eat) *, not 
 
 umbel (two words). 
 Humboldt (F. H. A., 
 
 baron von), 1769-1859, 
 
 naturalist; — (K. W. 
 
 von), 1767-1835, states- 
 man and writer, 
 humdrum* (one word). 
 Humean*, of Hume, not 
 
 -ian. 
 humerus *, u ppe r-arm 
 
 bone (not ital.). 
 hummel/*, -led*, -ler* 
 
 (Sc), (cattle) hornless ; 
 
 (grain) awnless, not 
 humble. 
 
 humming-bird* (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 hummock*, not -uck, ho-. 
 
 hummum, Turkish bath, 
 use bammam*. 
 
 humoresque*, humorous- 
 ly, not humour-. 
 
 humor/ist*, -ize*, Mo/-ise. 
 
 humorous/ *, -ly *, -ness *. 
 
 humour/, -ed*, -some*, 
 -somely* -someness*, 
 not humor-. 
 
 humpback* (one word). 
 
 Humperdinck (Engel- 
 bert), 1 854-, composer. 
 
 Humphrey (Duke). 
 
 «* Humphrey's Clock 
 (Master)," by Dickens, 
 1840. 
 
 "Humphry (not -ey) 
 Clinker," by Smollett, 
 1771. 
 
 humpty-dumpty* (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 humus*, vegetable mould. 
 
 Hun., Hungary, -ian. 
 
 hunchback* (one word). 
 
 Huncoat, Accrington. 
 
 Huncote, Leicester. 
 
 hundert (Ger.), hundred. 
 
 hundred/, abbr. C ; 
 -weight/*, -s (one word), 
 abbr. c^vt. 
 
 Hungary*, abbr. Hun.; 
 in Fr. Hongrie, in Ger. 
 Ungarn. 
 
 Hunstanton, Norfolk ; 
 pron. hun'stn. 
 
 Hunter's Quay, Argyl 
 (apos.). 
 
 Huntingdonshire, abbr. 
 Hunts (no point), 
 
 Huntington, Yorks. 
 
 Huntley, Glos. 
 
 Huntly, Aberdeen ; — 
 (Marquess of), not -ey. 
 
 Hunyadi Jdnos, Hun- 
 garian mineral water. 
 
 Hunyady (Jdnos C), 
 1387-1456, Hungarian 
 General, not -adi. 
 
 hurden, fabric, use har-*. 
 
 169 
 
HURDS — HYSTEROW 
 
 hurds, tise hards*. 
 
 hurdy-gurdy* (mus.) (see 
 also hirdy-). 
 
 hurly-burly*, not hi- bi-. 
 
 hurrah*, mo/ -ay. 
 
 hurry-curry, use hara- 
 kiri*, 
 
 hurry-scurry*, pell-mell, 
 not -sk-. 
 
 Hurst/monceaux, -pier- 
 point, S ussex (one word) . 
 
 Hus (John), 1369-14 1 5, 
 more correct than Huss. 
 
 husband, abbr. h. 
 
 Husbands Bosworth, 
 Rugby (no apostrophe). 
 
 hussy*, not -zzy. 
 
 Hutton (G. M.), pen- 
 name of Mrs. Mona Caird. 
 
 Huygens (Christian), 
 1629-95, astr., Mo/-ghens; 
 pron. hy'ggnz. 
 
 Huysmans ( Joris Karl), 
 1848-, Fr. writer. 
 
 huzza*, a hurrah. 
 
 huzzy, use hussy*. 
 
 h.W. (cricket), hit wicket. 
 
 Hw^b. (Ger.), Handworter- 
 huch (handy dictionary). 
 
 H. "W. M., high - water 
 mark. 
 
 hyacinth* (bot.). 
 
 Hyacinthe (P^re), or 
 Charles Loyson, 1827-, 
 priest. 
 
 hyaena, use hyena*. 
 
 hybernate, use\\x-*. 
 
 hybridize*, etc., Mo/-ise. 
 
 hyd., hydrostatics. 
 
 Hyderabad, India, use 
 Haidar-. 
 
 hydrangea*, a shrub, not 
 -ia (ital.). 
 
 hydro/carbon*, -dyna- 
 mics* (one word). 
 
 hydrogen*, symbol H*. 
 
 hydrogenize*, ko/ -ise. 
 
 hydrolysis*, decomposi- 
 tion of water. 
 
 hydrophobia* (not ital.). 
 
 hydrostatics, abbr. hyd. 
 
 hydrotherap/eutics*, -y* 
 (one word). 
 
 hyena*, not hyae-. 
 
 Hy^res, dep. Var, France. 
 
 Hygeia*, goddess of 
 health, not -gea, -giea. 
 
 hygeian*, healthy, not 
 -ean, -iean. 
 
 hygeist*, a sanitarian, not 
 -gieist. 
 
 hygiene*, science of health. 
 
 hying *, not hie-. 
 
 H.Y.M.A., Hebrew Young 
 Men's Association. 
 
 hymen* (anat.) (not ital.). 
 
 hymeneal* (not ital.). 
 
 hymn-book* (hyphen). 
 
 hyp., hypothesis, hypo- 
 thetical. 
 
 hyperaem/ia*, -io*, not 
 -emia, -haemia. 
 
 hyperbola *, a curve. 
 
 hjrperbole*, exaggeration ; 
 pron. hy-per'b6-l6. 
 
 hyperbolize*, not -ise. 
 
 hypercriticize *, not -ise. 
 
 hyphenize*, not -ise. 
 
 hyphens, see punctua- 
 tion, XV. 
 
 hypnotize *, not -ise. 
 
 hypochondria*, not -con- 
 dria (not ital.). 
 
 hypocrisy* (an, not a). 
 
 iiypodermla*, an under- 
 lying tissue ; pi. -ata*. 
 
 hypostatize *, not -'\se. 
 
 hypotenuse* (geom.), not 
 hypoth-. 
 
 hypothec* (Scots law). 
 
 hypothes/is* (a, not an), 
 pi. -es* ; abbr. hyp. 
 
 hypothesize*, to assume, 
 not -ise. 
 
 hy-spy*, a game, not I spy. 
 
 hysterical ^an). 
 
 hysteron proteron* (Gr.), 
 the reverse of natural 
 order : the cart before 
 the horse. 
 
 170 
 
H NOTES 
 
 171 
 
H NOTES 
 
 17a 
 
I. — IDEOGRAPH 
 
 I., Idaho, island, -s, the ninth 
 
 in a series, all proper 
 
 names with this initial, 
 
 intperator (emperor), im- 
 
 peratrix (empress), (Ger.) 
 
 Ihr (your), etc. 
 I, iodine, (roman numeral) 
 
 one (no point). 
 I (typ.), should not come at 
 
 end of line if avoidable. 
 / (elec), moment of inertia 
 
 (ital.). 
 1., id (that), 
 t (Gr.), iota (no dot) ; 
 
 (math.), square root of 
 
 minus one. 
 I (it is), it is me, both 
 
 permissible in speech, but 
 
 lattershould not be printed. 
 I.A., Indian Army, infected 
 
 area. 
 la., ofiBc. abbr. for Iowa. 
 /. A, (Ger.), int Auftrage (by 
 
 order of). 
 lachimo, in ''Cymbeline "; 
 
 pron. yak'i-mo. 
 iambize*, not -ise. 
 ibex/*,^/. -es*. 
 ibidem * (Lat.), in the same 
 
 place, pron. ib-i'dem ; 
 
 abbr. i6.*, or ibid* (ital., 
 
 not cap. ) (see also idem). 
 ibis/* (ornith.), /)/. -es*. 
 Iblis, use E-. 
 I.B.S.A., Inanimate Bird 
 
 Shooting Association. 
 Ibsen (Henrik), 1828-, 
 
 Norwegian writer. 
 I.e., lesus Christus (Jesus 
 
 Christ). 
 Icarian* of Icarus, not -ean. 
 Ice., Iceland, -ic. 
 ice-cream* (hyphen). 
 Icelandic (typ.), roman 
 
 now used, but with many 
 
 special characters. 
 icil (Ger.), I (cap. only at 
 
 beginning of sentence). 
 
 Icil dien (Ger.), I serve 
 (motto of the Prince of 
 Wales). 
 
 ichthyology, abbr. ichth. 
 
 iclitliyosaurjus * (palae- 
 ont. ),/»/. -/*. 
 
 Id on parte franpais, 
 French spoken here 
 (l.c./). 
 
 Icknield Street, a Roman 
 road in England. 
 
 I.C.!N"., In Christi nomine 
 (in Christ's name). 
 
 icon/*, an illustration or 
 portrait ; pi. -s ; -ic * not 
 ik-, eik- (not ital.) (see 
 also Eikon). 
 
 icon., iconography, -ic. 
 
 I.C.S., Indian Civil Ser- 
 vice. 
 
 I.C.T., lesu Christo Tutore 
 (Jesus Christ being our 
 protector). 
 
 I.D. (mil.), Intelligence De- 
 partment. 
 
 /</(Lat.), that; abbr. i. 
 
 /</.*, ident (the same). 
 
 rd*, I had, or I would ; 
 (typ.) to be close up. 
 
 Idaho, abbr. I. 
 
 I.D.B. (S. Africa), illicit 
 diamond buyer. 
 
 idealize *, not -ise. 
 
 idealogical, see ideo-. 
 
 idSe fixe (Fr. .f.), fixed 
 idea. 
 
 idemj * (Lat), the same, or, 
 as mentioned before ; pi. 
 same, abbr. id,* It has 
 been suggested to confine 
 use of idem or id. to 
 author's name, and ibid. 
 or ib. to title of book, as 
 Id., ib.; — quod, the 
 same as, abbr. i.q, 
 
 ideograph*, a character, 
 not a word, symbolizing 
 an idea, not idea-. 
 
 173 
 
IDEOLOaiCAIi — IGNIS 
 
 ideolog/ical*, relating to 
 the study of ideas, not 
 idea- ; -ist*, a mere 
 theorist ; -ize*, not -ise. 
 
 ides*, the fifteenth of 
 March, May, July, 
 October, the thirteenth 
 of other months. 
 
 id est* (Lat.), that is; 
 abbr. i.e.* (abbr. not ital., 
 no caps., comma before). 
 
 id genus omne (Lat.), all 
 of that kind. 
 
 idiocy*, «o/-tcy. 
 
 idiosyncrasy*, not -cy. 
 
 idiotcy, use idiocy*. 
 
 idl/ing*, -y *, Mo/-eing, -ey. 
 
 I.I).N. (Lat.), In Dei 
 nomine (in God's name). 
 
 Idolater*, not -or. 
 
 idolize*, no/ -ise. 
 
 idoljon *, an image ; pron. 
 i-doHOn, />/. -a*. 
 
 IdumaBa, not -ea. 
 
 idyll*, not -yl. 
 
 -ie-, in words, the pro^ 
 nunciation of which does 
 not imply the spell- 
 ing : — achieve, adieu, 
 aerie, aggrieve, ancient, 
 apiece, archiepiscopal, 
 Aries, audience, barrier, 
 befriend, belie, belief, be- 
 lieve, besiege, bier, bom- 
 bardier, brevier, brief, 
 brigadier, calefacient, 
 cashier, cavalier, chan- 
 delier, chief, chiffonier, 
 clothier, coefficient, collie, 
 collier, commorient, con- 
 science, consentient, co- 
 sentient, coterie, courier, 
 courtier, cuirassier, cur- 
 rier, deficient, die, dis- 
 believe, disobedience, 
 disorientate, dissilient, 
 efficiency, -t, emollient, 
 enshield, farrier, fie, fief, 
 field,fieldfare, fiend, fierce, 
 flies, friendjfrieze, frontier, 
 fusilier, gaiety, gambier, 
 gaselier, glacier, grenadier, 
 grief, grieve, -ance, -ous, 
 handkerchief, harrier, hie, 
 
 hosiery, hygienic, im- 
 patience, -t, inalienable, 
 inefficiency, -t, ingluvies, 
 lie, lief, liege, lieu, lieu- 
 tenant, maieutic, mediety, 
 mien, misbelief, mischief, 
 mischievous, nescience, 
 niece, niello, omniscience, 
 -t, oriel, orient, osier, 
 patience, -t, pie, piebald, 
 piece, -meal, pier, pierce, 
 piezometer, prairie, pre- 
 mier, prescience, priest, 
 -craft, -hood, -rid, pro- 
 ficiency, -t, prurience, -t, 
 purlieu, quotient, rabies, 
 rapier, relief, relievo, 
 reprieve, resiliency, -t, 
 retrieve, reverie, review, 
 sentient, shield, shriek, 
 siege, sieve, spaniel, 
 specie, -s, stupefacient, 
 sufficiency, -t, super- 
 salient, sympiesometer, 
 tannier (a root), terrier, 
 thief, thieve, tie, tier, 
 tierce, tiercel, transient, 
 vernier, vie, view, -less, 
 vizier, wield, yield, and 
 in the pi. of nouns, com- 
 parative of adverbs, and 
 past part, of verbs ending 
 in y (not -ey), as fancies, 
 speedier, hurried (see also 
 -ei-). 
 I.E., Indian Empire, Indo- 
 European. 
 i.e.*, id est (that is) (not ital., 
 no caps., comma before). 
 lesu (Lat.), Jesus. 
 I.Q-., Indo-Germanic, (mil.) 
 
 Inspector-General. 
 Igdrasil, Iggdrasil, use 
 
 Yggdrasill. 
 I.G.F. (mil.), Inspector- 
 General of Fortifica- 
 tions. 
 ign,, ignotus (unknown). 
 Ignatief (count N. P.), 
 1832-87, Russian 
 
 diplomatist. 
 ignis fatuus* (Lat.), will- 
 o'-the-wisp ; pi. igpies 
 fatui. 
 
 174 
 
IGWITABIiE — IMMANENT 
 
 ignitable*, not -ible. 
 igDoramus/ *, /)/. -es*. 
 ignoratio elenchi*(Lat.\ 
 
 refuting a proposition 
 . differing from that one 
 
 professes to be refuting. 
 ignotum per ignotius 
 
 (Lat.), the unknown by 
 
 means of the more un- 
 known, not ignotus. 
 ignotus (Lat.), unknown ; 
 
 abbr. ign. 
 i.h., tacet hie (here lies). 
 ihm (Ger.), to him, 
 Ihnen (Ger.), to you (in 
 
 address) (cap.); to them 
 
 (not cap.). 
 i.h.p.* (mech.), indicated 
 
 horse-power. 
 Ihr (Ger,), your (cap.) ; 
 
 abbr. I. 
 ibr (Ger.), to her, her, 
 
 their (not cap.). 
 IHS*, lesus (Jesus) (no 
 
 points). 
 II* (roman numeral), two 
 
 (no point). 
 Ill* (roman numeral), three 
 
 (no point). 
 IIII, use IV, except on 
 
 clock-face. 
 /. J., int Jahre (in the year). 
 ij (med.), two. 
 i. «/. </. W, (Ger.), im Jahre 
 
 der Welt (in the year of 
 
 the world). 
 LK.H. (Ger.), Ihre kontg- 
 
 liche Hoheit (Her Royal 
 
 Highness). 
 ikon, use icon* {see also 
 
 Eikon). 
 // (Fr.), he or it ; (It., m.), 
 
 the. 
 ilex/* (bot.), ^/. -es. 
 Iliad*, of Homer (roman, 
 
 not quoted). 
 Ilichpur, I nd., Ms^ Ellich-. 
 ilk (of that), of the same 
 
 name, not family. 
 111., off. abbr. Illinois. 
 ///. , illustrissimus (most 
 
 distinguished). 
 rU*, I shall or will ; (typ.) 
 
 to be close up. 
 
 ill-advised/*, -ly* (hy- 
 phens). 
 Ille-et-Vilaine, dep. Fr. 
 illegalize*, «o/ -ise. 
 illegitimatize*, «o/-ise. 
 ill-health (hyphen), 
 illiberalize *, not -\sq. 
 Illinois, off. abbr. 111. 
 illipsis, use e- *. 
 illotis manibus (Lat.), 
 
 with unwashed hands, 
 
 unprepared. 
 Illuminatli*, a sect ; sing. 
 
 -o. 
 illustrat/ed, -ion, abbr. 
 
 illus. 
 illustrations, references 
 
 to be as " Plate II, fig. 4." 
 illustrator*, not -er. 
 ill will* (two words). 
 // n*y a pas de quoi (Fr.), 
 
 don't mention it. 
 I.L.P., Independent Labour 
 
 Party. 
 I'm*, I am; (typ.) to be 
 
 close up. 
 im (Ger.m. and n.), in dent 
 
 (in the). 
 imagines majorum{Lat.) , 
 
 ancestors' portraits, 
 imag/o*, winged insect; 
 
 pi. -ines* (not ital.). 
 imam*, Mohammedan 
 
 priest, not -am, -aum. 
 im Aufirage (Ger.), by 
 
 order of ; abbr. i. A, 
 im/bank, -bargo, -bathe, 
 
 -bed, -bitter, -blaze, 
 
 -blossom, -body, 
 
 -bolden, -bosom, 
 
 -bound, -bower, 
 
 -br angle, use em-*, 
 imbr/ex*, a gutter tile ; pi. 
 
 -ices, 
 imbroglio/*,^/, -s, not em- ^ 
 
 />ro«.im-bro'lyo(not ital.). 
 im/brue*, -brute*, -bue*, 
 
 not era-. 
 I.M.D., Indian Medical 
 
 Department. 
 im Jahre (Ger.), in the 
 
 year ; abbr. i. J, 
 immanent*, inherent (5^* 
 
 also immi-). 
 
 75 
 
IMMATERIAIiIZE — IMPRINT 
 
 immaterialize*, not -ise. 
 immeasurabl/e*, -y*. 
 ' Immediatkommlssion 
 
 (Ger. f,), a royal commis- 
 sion. 
 
 imraesh, use en-*. 
 
 imminent*, coming on 
 soon {see also imma-). 
 
 immobile* (not ital.). 
 
 immobiliz/e*, -ation*. 
 
 immortalize*, not -ise. 
 
 immortelle *, an ever- 
 lasting flower (not ital.). 
 
 immov/able*, -ability*, 
 -ableness*, -ably*. 
 
 immunize*, «o/-ise. 
 
 I.M.N.S., Imperial Military 
 Nursing Service. 
 
 imp., imperative, imperial, 
 impersonal, imported, -er, 
 imprimatur. 
 
 impair*, not em-. 
 ^ impale/*, -ment*, not 
 em-. 
 
 impa/nel, -nnel, use em- 
 panel *. 
 
 impassable*, not to be 
 passed. 
 
 impasse*, a blind alley 
 (not ital.). 
 
 impassible*, insensible. 
 
 impassion*, not em-. 
 
 impasto *, the thick laying 
 on of colour. 
 
 impedance* (elec), hin- 
 drance (not ital.). 
 
 impediment/a*, baggage; 
 sing, -um (not ital.). 
 
 impel/*, -led* -ling*. 
 
 imperative, abbr. imp. 
 
 imperat\or* (Lat.), fem. 
 -rix*, absolute ruler; 
 abbr. I. 
 
 imperf., imperfect, (stamps) 
 imperforate. 
 
 imperfect, abbr. imp. 
 
 imperial, abbr. imp. 
 
 imperial/ (double), print- 
 ing paper, 44 x 30 in. ; — 
 folio, 22 X 15; — octavo, 
 11x772; — quarto, 
 15X II (see also books). 
 
 Imperial (Ger. typ. n.), 
 nine-line pica t3rpe (cap.). 
 
 imperialize*, not -ise. 
 imperil/*, -led*, -ling. 
 imperium in imperio* 
 
 (Lat.), an empire within 
 an empire. 
 
 impersonal, abbr. imp. 
 
 imphee *, a sugar-cane, not 
 -fe, -phie. 
 
 impicture, use em-*. 
 
 impierce, use em- *. 
 
 implicite (Lat.), by impli- 
 cation. 
 
 import/ed, -er, abbr. imp. 
 
 impose* (typ.), to arrange 
 pages of type in a "forme," 
 so that they will read 
 consecutively when the 
 printed sheet is folded. 
 
 impostor*, not -er. 
 
 impresa (It.), an under- 
 taking. 
 
 impresario* (one s) (not 
 ital.). 
 
 impressa (It.), an imprint. 
 
 impression* (typ.), the 
 degree of pressure on a 
 sheet in the printing 
 press ; the imprint of 
 type, etc., as "a good 
 impression" ; a printed 
 copy ; an edition ; print- 
 ing {see also title pages). 
 
 imprimatur*, sanction ; 
 abbr. imp, (not ital.). 
 
 imprimjer (Fr.), to print; 
 -erie, f. printing oflBce ; 
 -eur, m. printer. 
 
 imprimis* (Lat.), in the 
 first place, not in primis 
 (ital.). 
 
 imprint* (printer's), 
 the name of the printer 
 and place of printing at 
 the end of a book, or on 
 the back of the title page 
 (O.E.D.). Necessary by 
 Act of Parliament : if 
 omitted, payment not re- 
 coverable by law. To be 
 on all parliamentary and 
 municipal election work, 
 even on post cards. — 
 (publisher's), the name 
 of the publisher, place of 
 76 
 
IMPBOMPTU — TNJ>, 
 
 publication, and date, 
 usually printed at the foot 
 of the title page (O.E.D.) 
 {see also title page). 
 
 impromptu/*, pi. -s (not 
 ital.). 
 
 improvisat/e*, to extem- 
 porize ; fft. -ore*, /em. 
 -rice*, pi. -ori* (not ital.) 
 (one v). 
 
 improvise*, not -ize. 
 
 I.M.S., Indian Medical 
 Service ; (Ger.), Ihrer 
 Majestdt Schtff (Her 
 Majesty's Ship). 
 
 In* (chem.), indium. 
 
 in., inch, -es. 
 
 in (Ger.), in, into. 
 
 -in* (chem.), a suffix to 
 names of neutral sub- 
 stances {see also -ine). 
 
 in/ abstractor (Lat.), in 
 the abstract; — actu^ 
 in reality ; — asternum, 
 for ever; — Blio lOCO, 
 in another place. 
 
 inamorat/o *, /^m. -a* a 
 lover, not en- (not ital.) 
 {see also inn'). 
 
 in articulo mortis * ( Lat. ) , 
 at the moment of death. 
 
 inasmuch* (one virord). 
 
 in banco* (Lat.), before a 
 quorum of judges. 
 
 tnbegriff (Ger. m.), epit- 
 ome, inclusion (cap.).. 
 
 Inca*, one of the royal 
 race of Peru, not Y-. 
 
 in caelo quies (Lat.), in 
 heaven (is) rest, not coe-. 
 
 incage, use en- *. 
 
 in] camera* (Lat.), not in 
 open court; — capita*, 
 holding direct from the 
 Crown. 
 
 incase, use en- *. 
 
 inj cathedra* (Lat.), in 
 the chair of office ; — 
 cautelam, for a warning. 
 
 incavo (It.), the incised 
 part of an intaglio. 
 
 inch.*, in metric system 25-4 
 millimetres ; pi. -es, abbr. 
 in., sign ", 
 
 inchase, use en-*. 
 Inchcape Hock (two 
 
 words). 
 inchmeal*, little by little. 
 in Cliristi nomine (Lat.), 
 
 in Christ's name ; ^bbr. 
 
 I.C.N, 
 incipitj* (Lat.), (here) 
 
 begins ; -l/r, it is begun, 
 incise*, not -ize. 
 ind., including. 
 inci, (Fr.), inclusivement 
 
 (inclusive). 
 inclasp, us€ en^*. 
 incloister, use en- *, 
 inclose, etc., use en- *. 
 including, abbr. incl. 
 " In Ccena Domini,** 
 
 celebrated papal bull. 
 Incogniti cricket club, 
 incognit/o*, pi. -i*, /em. 
 
 -a*, pi. -e ; abbr. incog, 
 incognizable*, wo/-isable. 
 income-tax* (hyphen). 
 inj commendam* (Lat), 
 
 temporarily holding a 
 
 vacant benefice ; — COnr 
 
 creto*, in the concrete. 
 inconnuj (Fr.), /em. -e, 
 
 unknown. 
 incor., incorporated, 
 increas/ed, -ing, abbr. 
 
 incr, 
 incroach, use en-*. 
 incrust, use en- *. 
 incrystal*, «o/en-. 
 incubous*(bot.) (notital.). 
 incub/us *, an oppression ; 
 
 pl.-i*. 
 incumber, etc., use en- *. 
 incunabulja *, sing, -urn *, 
 
 the earliest examples of 
 
 any art ; (bibliog.) books 
 
 printed before 1500. 
 incur/*, -red*, -ring*. 
 in curia (Lat), in open 
 
 court. 
 incujs* (zool.), pi. -des, 
 in custodia legis (Lat), 
 
 in legal custody. 
 Ind, poetical for India (no 
 
 point). 
 Ind., India, -n, off. abbr. 
 
 for Indiana. 
 
 177 
 
 12 
 
IM"D. — IN-DICTER 
 
 ind., independent, index, 
 indication. 
 
 I.N.D., in nomine Dei (in 
 the name of God). 
 
 in das (Ger. n.), into the; 
 abbr. Ins. 
 
 indeclinable, abbr. in- 
 decl. 
 
 indefatigabl/e,* -y*. 
 
 indefeasible*, not -able. 
 
 indefensible *. 
 
 indefinite, abbr. indef. 
 
 indelible*, «o^-able, -eble. 
 
 in delicUs * (Lat.), in affec- 
 tion. 
 
 in dem (Ger. m. and n.), in 
 the ; abbr. im. 
 
 indemni/fy *, -ty, not en-. 
 
 indent* (typ.), to begin a 
 line, or lines, with a 
 blank space. 
 
 indention* (hanging or 
 reverse) (typ.), the first 
 line full out, those follow- 
 ing indented, as here. 
 
 indenture*, not en-. 
 
 indepen d/ence *, -ent *, 
 abbr. ind. 
 
 Independence Day*, 
 U.S.A., 4 July. 
 
 in deposito* (Lat.), in 
 deposit. 
 
 index/*, pi. -es*, abbr. 
 ind. To make the catch- 
 word of each entry prom- 
 inent it should be printed 
 in a special fount such as 
 clarendon. A colon 
 after catchword, a comma 
 between last word of entry 
 and first figure of volume 
 or page, also between 
 pages when there are 
 more than one. A semi- 
 colon between each entry 
 under same catchword. 
 The volume, when more 
 than one, to be in roman 
 lower-case numerals, i, ii, 
 to be followed by comma. 
 First lineofeachpar.tobe 
 full width of measure, sub- 
 sequent linesindented (in 
 small type, one en or em). 
 
 ind/ex * (math.), pi. -ices* ; 
 
 — (typ. ) the hand «^ used 
 to point out a passage, 
 etc., or to call attention. 
 
 " Index/ Expurgator- 
 ius"* (Lat.), index of 
 the passages to be ex- 
 punged ; *♦ — Librorum/ 
 Expurgandorum ** * 
 (R.C.C.), a list of 
 books which may be read 
 only in expurgated edi- 
 tions ; ** Prohibi- 
 
 torum"* (R.C.C.), a 
 list of books which the 
 Church forbids to be 
 read. 
 
 indexj reram (Lat.), an 
 index of things ; — vet' 
 borunt, ditto of words. 
 
 India/, -n, abbr. Ind. 
 
 India/man* (naut.), pi. 
 -men*. 
 
 india matting. 
 
 Indiana, offic. abbr. Ind. 
 
 Indianapolis, U.S.A. 
 
 Indian/ Army, abbr. I. A. ; 
 
 — Civil Service, I.C.S. 
 indian/ com, — ink, not 
 
 india — (not cap.). 
 
 indian red*. 
 
 Indian/ Empire, abbr. 
 I.E. ; — Territory, 
 U.S.A., off. abbr. Ind.T. 
 
 India paper*, generally 
 imported from China (!), 
 not -ian (no hyphen) ; 
 
 Oxford* , a very 
 
 thin, tough, opaque print- 
 ing-paper made by the 
 Oxford University Press 
 (O.E.D.); India proof *, 
 one printed on India 
 paper (cap. /). 
 
 india-rubber* (hyphen). 
 
 indicated horse-power, 
 abbr. i.h.p. 
 
 indication, abbr. ind. 
 
 indicative, abbr. indie. 
 
 ind/ices* (math.), not 
 -exes ; sing, -ex *. 
 
 indicilum *, a sign ; />/. 
 -a*. 
 
 indicter*, not -or. 
 
 178 
 
INDIGESTIBLE — INPUSOIIIUM 
 
 indigestible*, «o/-able. 
 
 indiscreet *, injudicious. 
 
 indiscrete*, not divided 
 into distinct parts. 
 
 in disparte (It.), aside. 
 
 indispensable*, «o^-ible. 
 
 indite*. 
 
 indium*, symbol In*. 
 
 individualize*, «o^-ise. 
 
 individujum* (Lat.)^ the 
 indivisible ; pi. -a*. 
 
 Ind.Meth., Independent 
 Methodists. 
 
 Indo-European *; abbr. 
 I.E., or Indo-Eur. 
 
 Indo- German/*, -ic*, 
 abbr. I. G;, orlndo-Ger. 
 
 indoor/*, -s* (one v^^ord). 
 
 indorse, etc., use en-*. 
 
 Indostan, use Hindu-. 
 
 indraught*, not -aft 
 
 Ind.T.j oflSc. abbr. for 
 Indian Territory, U.S.A. 
 
 in dubio* (Lat.), in doubt. 
 
 indubitably*. 
 
 induction*, «o/-xidn. 
 
 indu/e, -re, use en- *. 
 
 in dapio (Lat.), in dupli- 
 cate. 
 
 -ine* (chem.), a suffix re- 
 stricted to names of 
 alkaloids and basic sub- 
 stances {see also -in). 
 
 inSditj, fern, -e (Fr.), un- 
 published. 
 
 inedita (Lat.), unpublished 
 compositions. 
 
 ineffaceable *. 
 
 in equilibrio* (Lat.), in 
 equilibrium. 
 
 inertia* (not ital.), bui vis 
 inertias. 
 
 in] esse* (Lat.), actually 
 existing; — excelsis*, in 
 the highest (degree) ; — 
 extenso*, at full length ; 
 — extremis *, at the very 
 point of death. 
 
 in f., in fine (finally). 
 
 inf., infantry, infinitive. 
 
 inf., infra (below). 
 
 in faciei curiae (Lit.), 
 
 before the court ; 
 
 ecciesias, ditto Church. 
 
 infallibilist*, not -blist. 
 
 Infanta* J dau. of King and 
 Queen of Spain ; In- 
 fante*, younger son of 
 ditto. 
 
 infantry, abbr. inf. 
 
 infected area, abbr. I.A. 
 
 infer/*, -red*, -ring*. 
 
 infer/able*, deducible, not 
 -ible, -rable, -rible. 
 
 inferior characters 
 
 (typ.), those set below 
 the line, as in cheni. 
 formulae ; thus j. 2. a. b. 
 
 inferr/able^ -ibie, use 
 inferable*. 
 
 in fidem copias (Lat.), 
 true copy. 
 
 in fieri* (Lat.), in course 
 of completion. 
 
 infima species (Lat.), pi. 
 infimas — . 
 
 infin., infinitive. 
 
 in fine*, finally ; abbr. in f. 
 (not ital.). 
 
 infinitive, abbr. inf., or 
 infin. 
 
 in flagrante delictd* 
 (Lat.), in the very act of 
 committing the offence. 
 
 inflatable*, not -cable. 
 
 infiater*, not -or. 
 
 inflexion *, not -ction. 
 
 infold, etc., use en-*. 
 
 in- folio (Fr. m.), folio. 
 
 inforce, etc., use en-*. 
 
 in forma paapetis* 
 (Lat.), as a pauper. 
 
 in foro] conscientias* 
 (Lat.), in the court of 
 conscience ; — — do- 
 mestico, in a domestic, 
 not foreign, court ; — — 
 sectilarif in a seculat* 
 court. 
 
 infraj (Lat.), below, abbr. 
 inf. ; — dignitatem*, 
 undignified, abbr. infra 
 dig.* 
 
 infula*, the ribbons of a 
 bishop's mitre. 
 
 in fumo* (Lat.), in smoke. 
 
 infuser*, not -or. 
 
 infusorilum*, pi. -a*. 
 ^79 12 * 
 
IN PUTimO — INNS 
 
 in futuro (Lat.), in, or for, 
 the future. 
 
 Ingelow (Jean), 1820-97, 
 poetess. 
 
 in genere* (Lat.), in kind. 
 
 ingSaieur civil (Fr. m.), 
 civil engineer. 
 
 ingSnue (Fr. f.), an artless 
 girl. 
 
 ingesta*, food, etc. (not 
 ital.). 
 
 Ingestre, Staffs, pron. 
 in'ges-trS (g, as in go.) 
 
 ingle-nook*, chimney 
 corner (hyphen). 
 
 " Ingoldsby Legends," 
 by R. H. Barham, 1840. 
 
 ingraft, ingrain (verb), 
 use en-*. 
 
 ingrain* (adj.) (one word). 
 
 in gremio legis (Lat.), in 
 the lap of the law. 
 
 in/groove, -gross, -gulf, 
 use en- *. 
 
 inhabitant, abbr. inhab. 
 
 in liac parte (Lat.), on 
 this part. 
 
 InItalt{Ger.m.), contents. 
 
 Inlialtsverzeichnis (Ger. 
 n.), index, table of con- 
 tents (these are not dif- 
 ferentiated) (cap.). 
 
 inherit*, etc., not en-. 
 
 inj hoc (Lat.), in this re- 
 spect ; — Ijoc Salus, safe- 
 ty in this ; — infinitum *, 
 for ever ; — initio, in the 
 beginning, abbr. init ; — 
 integrum, entire ; — in- 
 vidiam, to excite preju- 
 dice ; — invitum, com- 
 pulsory. 
 
 I.N.I., in nomine lesu (in 
 the name of Jesus). 
 
 Inisfail, use Inn-. 
 
 inisle, use en- *. 
 
 initial/*, -ed*, -ing*. 
 
 initials (typ.), not to be 
 separated by end of line. 
 {See also capitalization, 
 capitals.) 
 
 in Jure (Lat.), in law. 
 
 injurija (Lat.), a wrong; 
 
 Inkermann, Crimea, not 
 
 -an. 
 ink/pot*, -stand* (one 
 
 word). 
 in J limine* (Lat.), at the 
 
 outset, abbr. in lim, j — 
 
 loco*, in place of; 
 
 — ioco citato, in the 
 place cited, abbr. loc. 
 cit. ; — loco parentis *, 
 in the position of parent ; 
 
 — medias res*, into 
 the midst of affairs ; — 
 medio*, in the middle; 
 
 — medio tutissimus 
 ibis, the middle course 
 is safest ; — memO" 
 riam*, in memory (of). 
 
 innamoratjo*, fem. -a*, 
 
 mod. It. spelling of 
 
 inam- *. 
 Innenseite (Ger. typ. f.), 
 
 the inside of a sheet. 
 inner (typ.), that side of 
 
 a sheet containing the 
 
 second page. 
 innerhalb (Ger.), within. 
 Innes (C), 1798-1874, Sc. 
 
 antiquary. 
 Inness (G.), 1825-94, 
 
 Amer. painter. 
 innigsten Dank (Ger. 
 
 accus.), warmest thanks. 
 Innisfail, poet, for Ireland, 
 
 not Ini-. 
 Inniskilling/ Dragoons, 
 
 — Fusiliers (see also 
 E-). 
 
 innkeeper* (one word). 
 
 Innocents* Day*, 28 
 December (caps.). 
 
 innoculate, use ino-*. 
 
 innocuous*, harmless. 
 
 inj nomine (Lat.), in the 
 name (of a person) ; — 
 notis (Lat.), in the notes. 
 
 innoxious*, harmless. 
 
 inns (names of), when 
 cited, if ambiguous, to be 
 roman double-quoted. 
 
 InnsofCourt*(the),Inner 
 Temple, Middle Temple, 
 Lincoln's Inn, Gray's 
 Inn. 
 
 180 
 
IN" NUBIBUS — I.W.S.T. 
 
 ittj nubibus* (Lat.), in 
 the clouds ; — nuce, in 
 a nutshell. 
 
 innuendo/*, pi. -es*, nol 
 inu- (not ital.). 
 
 Innuit (Eskimo). 
 
 in-octavo (Fr.), octavo. 
 
 inocidate*, not en-, inn-. 
 
 in OVO (Lat.), undeveloped. 
 
 inoxidize*, «o/-ise. 
 
 inj pace (Lat.), in peace; 
 
 — pari materia, in an 
 analogous case ; — parti- 
 bus infidelium*, in the 
 regions of unbelievers, 
 abbr. i.p.i., or in par- 
 tibus*. 
 
 in-patient* (hyphen). 
 
 in] pectore (Lat.), in re- 
 serve ; — perpetuum *, 
 for ever ; — persona, in 
 person ; — pettO* (It.), in 
 reserve ; — piccolo (It.), 
 in Httle ; —piano * (Lat.) j 
 on a plane surface ; 
 
 — pontificalibus*, in 
 the proper vestments ; 
 
 — posse*, potentially; 
 
 — posterum, for the 
 future; — potentia*, 
 potentially ; — prxsenti, 
 now ; — prassentia, for 
 the present ; — primis, 
 use imprimis * ; — prin- 
 cipio*, in the beginning, 
 abbr. in pr. ; — propria 
 causa, in his, or her, 
 own suit; — propria 
 persona*, in his, or 
 her, own person; — 
 prospectU, in prospect ; 
 
 — puris naturalibus*, 
 naked. 
 
 in-quarto* (Fr. m,), quarto. 
 
 inquir/e*, -y*, not en-. 
 
 inj re* (Lat.), in the matter 
 of; — rem (law), relating 
 to a matter; — rerum 
 natura *, in the nature of 
 things. 
 
 I.IN'.H.I., lesus Nazarenus 
 Rex Judgeorunt (Jesus of 
 Nazareth, King of the 
 Jews). 
 
 inroll, use enrol*. 
 
 Ins., Inspector. 
 
 ins., insurance. 
 
 ins (Ger.), in das (into the). 
 
 in sascula sascuiorum* 
 (Lat.), for ever and ever. 
 
 insconce, use en- *. 
 
 insoulpture*, not en-. 
 
 in se (Lat.), in itself, in 
 themselves. 
 
 insecta* is pi., not-ae. 
 
 in-seize (Fr.), i6mo. 
 
 /use/ (Ger. f;), island (cap.). 
 
 insert* (typ.), an add- 
 itional sentence or para- 
 graph added to a proof 
 to be inserted in the 
 revise or final proof. 
 
 inset* (typ.), to insert as 
 an inset ; an extra page 
 or set of pages inserted 
 in a proof^ or book ; art 
 advertisement on a separ- 
 ate leaf inserted in a maga- 
 zine (O.E.D.) ; one folded 
 sheet laid inside another. 
 
 inset/*, -ted*, -ting*. 
 
 inside/ (typ.), that side of 
 a sheet containing the 
 second page; — quires 
 or reams (typ.), those 
 with perfect sheets. 
 
 insignia* is pi. (not ital.). 
 
 insisten/ce*,-t* «o3f-anee, 
 -ant. 
 
 in situ* (Lat.), in posi- 
 tion. 
 
 insnare, use en-*. 
 
 in solido (Lat.), entirely. 
 
 insomnia*, sleeplessness. 
 
 insoueian/ce *, careless- 
 ness ; -t*, careless (not 
 ital.). 
 
 insoui, use en-*. 
 
 in specie* (Lat.), in the 
 precise form. 
 
 Inspector, abbr. Ins. 
 
 Inspector- General, abbr. 
 I.G., or Ins.-Gen. ; 
 ditto of Fortifications, 
 I.G.F. 
 
 I.W.S.T., in nomine Sancfas 
 Tnnitatis (in the name of 
 the Holy Trinity). 
 
 i8x 
 
INST. — IWTERPBET 
 
 inst., instant, institute, -s, 
 -ion. 
 
 install* (two Ps), not en-. 
 
 instalment* (one /). 
 
 instant, of this month, 
 abbr. inst. — should not 
 be printed, 
 
 instanter* (Lat.), at once 
 (ital.). 
 
 instar omnium (Lat.), 
 worth all the rest. 
 
 in statuj pupitlari (Lat.), 
 in a condition of pupil- 
 age ; — — quo {ante, 
 prius, or nunc) *, in the 
 same state (as formerly or 
 now). 
 
 Inst.C.E., Institution of 
 Civil Engineers. 
 
 instil/*, not -11; -led*, 
 -ling*. 
 
 Institut de France, the 
 association of the five 
 French Academies. 
 
 institut/e, -es, -ion, abbr. 
 inst. 
 
 Institute of Actuaries, 
 abbr. Inst. Act. ; ditto, 
 Marine Engineers, 
 Inst.M.E. 
 
 Institution of Civil 
 Engineers, abbr. Inst. 
 C.E. ; ditto Electrical 
 Engineers, Inst.E.E. ; 
 ditto Mechanical En- 
 gineers, Inst.Mech.E.; 
 ditto Naval Archi- 
 tects, Inst.lSr.A. 
 
 institutor*, not -er. 
 
 instructor*, not -er. 
 
 instrument/, -al, abbr. 
 instr. 
 
 insurance*, ''the present 
 usage is to differentiate 
 life assurance, and fire 
 and marine insurance^' 
 (O.E.D.); abbr. ins. 
 
 inswathe, use en-*. 
 
 int., interest, interior, 
 interjection, interpreter. 
 
 int, (Fr.), inte'ret (interest). 
 
 intaglio/*, incised design, 
 pi. -s* (not ital.); — 
 printing, that done 
 
 from an incised plate, or 
 the reverse of ordinary 
 printing ; pron. in-tal'yo. 
 
 integration (sign of), f. 
 
 intellectualize*, not -ise. 
 
 in tenebris* (Lat.), in a 
 state of doubt;/)ro;«.t6-ne-. 
 
 intens., intensive, intens- 
 ative. 
 
 inter/*, to bury; -red*, 
 -ring*. 
 
 inter, (typ.), abbr. for in- 
 terrogation mark. 
 
 interl* (Lat.), between; 
 — alia *, among other 
 things ; — alios *, among 
 other persons ; — canem 
 et lupum, between the 
 dog and the wolf. 
 
 interest, abbr. int. ; in Fr. 
 m. intSret, 
 
 interim * (Lat,), meanwhile 
 (ital,). 
 
 interim (in the)* (not 
 ital,). 
 
 interior, abbr, int. 
 
 interjection, abbr. int., or 
 inteij. 
 
 interleaf*, an extra leaf, 
 usually blank, inserted 
 between the regular 
 leaves of abook(O.E.D.); 
 pi. interleaves*. 
 
 interligner (Fr. typ.), to 
 insert leads. 
 
 interlinear matter (typ. ), 
 small type between lines 
 of larger {see also quota- 
 tions). 
 
 intermarr/iage *, -y * 
 (one word). 
 
 intermedi/um*, pi. -a* 
 (not ital.). 
 
 in terminis* (Lat.), in 
 express terms. 
 
 intermit/*, -ted*, -ting*. 
 
 Internat (Fr., Ger.), board- 
 ing-school (Ger. cap.). 
 
 internationalize*, wo/-ise. 
 
 inter nos* (Lat.), between 
 ourselves. 
 
 interoceanic* (one word). 
 
 interpose*, not en-. 
 
 interpret*, not en-. 
 
 i8a 
 
INTERPRETER — I.O.G.T. 
 
 interpreter*, abbr. int. 
 Interputtktion (Ger. typ. 
 
 f.), punctuation (cap.). 
 interregnum/*, pi. -s* 
 
 (not ital,). 
 interrog., interrogation, 
 
 -ative, -atively. 
 interrogation point (?), 
 
 abbr. inter, {see punc- 
 tuation, XVIII). 
 in terrorem * (Lat.), as a 
 
 warning. 
 interrupter*, not -or. 
 inter] se* (Lat.), among, 
 
 or ijetween, themselves ; 
 
 — vivos, during lifetime. 
 interspacing of letters 
 
 (typ.), shown in MS. by a 
 
 line between each, and in 
 
 margin ■Vr. 
 in testimonium (Lat.), in 
 
 witness. 
 inthra/1,-11, «s^ enthral*, 
 
 not -11. 
 intitule*, etc., not en-, but 
 
 entitle*, 
 into (typ.), not to be 
 
 divided. 
 intonaco*, plaster surface 
 
 for fresco painting,«o/-ico. 
 in totoj* (Lat.), on the 
 
 whole ; caslO, as far 
 
 as possible. 
 intraj (Lat.), within; — 
 
 muros, privately, 
 intrans., intransitive. 
 in trans., in transitu (on 
 
 the way). 
 intransigent* (adj.), irre- 
 concilable ; in Fr. in^ 
 
 transigeantivci. and adj.) 
 
 (no accent). 
 in transitu* (Lat.), on the 
 
 way ; abbr. in trans, 
 intrap, use en- *. 
 intra vires (Lat), within 
 
 one's powers. 
 intreat, «s^en-* 
 intrench, use en- *. 
 intrigant}* {Fr.), fern, -e*, 
 
 intriguer (ital.). 
 introduction, abbr. in- 
 
 trod. {see also prelim- 
 inary matter). 
 
 intrust, use en- *. 
 
 intuitu (Lat.), in respect of. 
 
 intussuscept*. 
 
 intwinejintT^rist.Ms^en-*. 
 
 inuendo, use inn-*. 
 
 inure*, not en-. 
 
 inj usu (Lat.), in use; — 
 Utero, in the womb ; — 
 utroque jure, under 
 bothlaws(canon and civil). 
 
 inv., invenit (designed it), 
 invented, -or, invoice. 
 
 in\ vacuo* (Lat.), in 
 empty space ; — vadio, 
 in pledge. 
 
 Invalides (Hdtel des), 
 Paris. 
 
 inveigh*, not en-. 
 
 inveigle*, not en-. 
 
 invenit (Lat.), designed it ; 
 abbr. inv. 
 
 invented, abbr. inv. 
 
 inventor*, not -er ; abbr. 
 inv. 
 
 in ventre (Lat.), in the 
 womb. 
 
 Inveraray, the Duke of 
 Argyll's residence (not 
 -ry). 
 
 Inverness- shire (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 Invertebrata*, \s plural. 
 
 inverted commas {see 
 quotation marks). 
 
 Inverurie, Aberdeen. 
 
 in vino Veritas (Lat.), a 
 drunken man speaks the 
 truth. 
 
 invoice, abbr. inv. 
 
 involucre* (bot.) (not ital. ). 
 
 inwall, use en- *. 
 
 in'weave*, not en-. 
 
 in^vind, inwrap, in- 
 wreathe, use en- *. 
 
 I.O., India Office. 
 
 lo* (Gr., Lat.), exclamation 
 of triumph (ital.). 
 
 iodine*, symbol I*. 
 
 I.O.F., Independent Order 
 of Foresters ; I. of A., 
 Instructor of Artillery ; 
 I. of M., Instructor of 
 Musketry ; I.O.G.T., In- 
 dependent Order of Good 
 
 183 
 
I.O.M. — ISL. 
 
 Templars; I.O.M., Isle 
 
 of Man. 
 Ion., Ionic. 
 ionicize*, not -isd 
 ionize* (phys.), to convert 
 
 into an ion, not -ise. 
 I.O.O.F.j Independent 
 
 Order of Odd Fellows. 
 I.O.B,., Independent Order 
 
 of Rechabites. 
 iota*, theGr. / (t) (no dot). 
 IOU*,Ioweyou (no points). 
 Iowa, offic. abbr. la. 
 I.P.D. (Sc. law). In pras- 
 
 sentia Dominorum (in the 
 
 presence of the Lords [of 
 
 Session]). 
 ipecacuanha* (bot.). 
 i.p.i., in partibus infideliunt 
 
 (in the regions of un- 
 believers). 
 ipomcea* (bot.), not -sea, 
 
 -ea. 
 ipsej* (Lat.), himself; — 
 
 dixit*, a dogmatic asser- 
 tion. 
 ipsissiina verba (Lat.)^ 
 
 the very words; 
 ipsoj facto* (Lat.), by the 
 
 fact itself; —jure, by 
 
 the law itself. 
 i,q., idem quod (the same 
 
 as) ; i.q.e.d., idquoderat 
 
 demonstrandum (that 
 
 which was to be proved)* 
 Iquique, Chile; pron. g- 
 
 kee'kay. 
 I.R., Inland Revenue. 
 Ir*, iridium. 
 Ir., Irish. 
 irade* (Turk.), a written 
 
 decree signed by the 
 
 Sultan himself, not -e (not 
 
 cap.). 
 Iran/, local name for Persia; 
 
 -ian*, -ic*, abbr. Iran. 
 Iraw^adi, river in Burma, 
 
 not Irrawaddy. 
 I.B..B., Irish Republican 
 
 Brotherhood. 
 Ireland, abbr. Ire. 
 Irena, Ireland personified. 
 irenicon, use ei- *. 
 iridescence*, etc. 
 
 iridium*, symbol Ir*. 
 
 iris/, pi. -es. 
 
 Irish, abbr. Ir. 
 
 Irishism*, not Iricism. 
 
 Irkutsk, E. Siberia, not 
 Irkoo-, Irkou-. 
 
 Irlams - o* - th* - Height, 
 town near Manchester. 
 
 irtandaise {h V) (Fr.), in 
 Irish style (I.e. «). 
 
 ironclad* (one word)* 
 
 iron-mould*, not -mold 
 (hyphen). 
 
 ironwork* (one word). 
 
 Irrawaddy, ws^Irawadi. 
 
 irreconcilable *, not 
 
 -eable, -iablci 
 
 irrefragable*, not-\h\e. 
 
 irreg., irregular, -ly. 
 
 irrelevant*. 
 
 irresistibl/e*, -y*, not 
 -able, -y. 
 
 Irrttitner vorbelialten 
 (Ger.), errors excepted. 
 
 I.S., Irish Society. 
 
 Is., Isaiah. 
 
 Isaian*j of the prophet 
 Isaiah, not Isaiahian. 
 
 I.S.C, Indian Staff Corps. 
 
 -ise, in accordance with the 
 practice of the O.E.D., 
 the following words in 
 this book end in -ise : -ize 
 being generally used: — 
 advertise *, affranchise *, 
 apprise * (to inform), chas- 
 tise *, circumcise *, com- 
 prise*, compromise *, de- 
 mise *, despise *, devise*, 
 disfranchise *, disguise *, 
 emprise *, enfranchise *, 
 enterprise*, excise*, ex- 
 ercise *, franchise *, im- 
 provise*, incise*, manu- 
 mise*, merchandise*, 
 premise* (logic and 
 verb), prise* (to force 
 open), reprise*, seise* 
 (law), supervise*, sur- 
 mise*, surprise*. 
 
 Iseult, Tristram's lady- 
 love, not the many varia- 
 tions. 
 
 isl., island, -s, isle, -s* 
 
 184 
 
ISLAM — TV AN 
 
 Islam*, the Moham. re- 
 ligion ; pron. iz'lam (not 
 ital.). 
 
 island/, -s, abbr. I., or ial. ; 
 (typ.) when with name 
 to have cap.^asGapeVerd 
 Islands, Isle of Man. In 
 Fn f. lie. 
 
 island (Ger. n.), Iceland ; 
 Islandetf an Icelander. 
 
 Islay, Argyl, not Isla; 
 pron. I'la. 
 
 isle/, -s, abbr. li, or isl» 
 
 Isle of/ Man.abbr. I.O.M. ; 
 Wight, abbr. I.W. 
 
 Isleworth, pron. i'zel-. 
 
 isn't*, is not; (typ.) to be 
 close up. 
 
 I.S.O. (Companion of the) 
 Imperial Service Order. 
 
 isobar* (meteor.), not -re 
 (not ital.). 
 
 isola (It.), island. 
 
 Iso/ld, -It, -Ite, -Hide, use 
 Iseult. 
 
 isosceles * (geom.). 
 
 ispravnik (Russ.)^ local 
 chief official, not ispraw-. 
 
 I spy, game, use hy-spy*. 
 
 ist (Ger.), is. 
 
 Ist&mbul, name oh coins 
 of Constantinople. 
 
 I.T., Indian Territory, N. 
 Amer. ; offic. abbr.Ind.T. 
 
 It., Italian, Italy. 
 
 ital., italic. 
 
 Italian* (typ.),same alpha- 
 bet as Eiig., omitting 
 k, w, X, y. Punctuation 
 nearly as Fr. Letter/ a 
 vowel when at end of 
 word, as iempj ; the / 
 sounding like e-e quick- 
 ly pronounced together. 
 There are two accents, 
 grave ^ and acute ' : any 
 vowel may have either. 
 Plural of nouns is formed 
 by changing the final 
 o or ^ into %\ fem. nouns 
 ending in a change it to e. 
 The apostrophe is fre- 
 quently used for the vowel 
 at the end of a word when 
 
 the next word begins with 
 a vowel ; a space is put be- 
 tween the apostrophe and 
 the next word. Division 
 of words as in French ; 
 abbr. It. 
 
 italic* (typ.), a style of 
 type as this, in which the 
 letters slope upwards to the 
 right. Marked in MS. by 
 one line underneath. It 
 should be used only for : 
 (i) words and phrases 
 not naturalized (as marked 
 in this work by being 
 printed in clarendon 
 italic type), (2) giving 
 emphasisj (3) boti and 
 zool. species, and genera, 
 not the larger divisions, 
 (4) words or letters, men- 
 tioned by name, as the 
 adjective ^00(5?, the letter a, 
 etc., (5) for distinguishing 
 Eng. and foreign words 
 spelt alike. There is no 
 ital. in Ger. or Gr., letters 
 being interspaced in- 
 stead ; abbn ital. {See 
 also quotation marks.) 
 
 italice (Lat.), in Italian. 
 
 italicize*, to print in 
 italic type, not -ise. 
 
 Italien (Ger. n.), Italy ; 
 ltatiener(m.), an Italian. 
 
 itatienne (a /') (Fr.), in 
 Italian style (I.e. i). 
 
 Italiot*, of the Gr. colony 
 in S. Italy, not -ote. 
 
 italique ( Fr. m. ), italic type ; 
 (f.) italic letter. 
 
 Italy, abbr. It. ; in Ger. n. 
 Italien. 
 
 item*, a separate thing. 
 
 Item * (Lat.), also, likewise. 
 
 itin., itinerary. 
 
 it is I, it is me, both per- 
 missible in speech, but lat- 
 ter should not be printed. 
 
 its*, pronoun (no apos.). 
 
 it*s,it is ; (typ. )to be close up. 
 
 Ivan/ (Russ. name), not 
 I wan ; — Groznoi, " the 
 terrible" Tsar, 1530-84. 
 
 185 
 
IVANOVITCH — I ZINGARI 
 
 Ivanovitch (Ivan), nick- 
 name for a Russian, as in 
 Eng. John Bull. 
 
 I*ve*, I have ; (typ.) to be 
 close up. 
 
 ivied*, clothed with ivy, 
 not ivyed. 
 
 ivy*, pi. ivies*. 
 
 Ivybridge, Devon (one 
 
 word). 
 I.W., Isle of Wight. 
 I.X., lesus Christus (Jesus 
 
 Christ). 
 I.Y., Imperial Yeomanry. 
 -ize, see -ise. 
 I Zingari, cricket club. 
 
 186 
 
I NOTES 
 
 387 
 
I NOTES 
 
 i88 
 
J. — JAKOBUS 
 
 J., judge, judex (judge), 
 (after judge's name) Jus- 
 tice, (elec.) joule, all 
 proper names with this 
 initial ; it is not used in 
 the numeration of series ; 
 (GeT.)Jahr (year) ; pron. 
 in Eng. dzh, Fr. zh, Ger. 
 y, Sp. h. 
 
 Jf (math.) a Jacobian de- 
 terminant, (phys.) Joule's 
 mechanical equivalent of 
 heat. 
 
 j (med. prescriptions), one. 
 
 /. (Fr,),yoMrwa/ (newspaper). 
 
 /a (Ger.), yes; pron. yah. 
 
 J.A., Judge-Advocate. 
 
 Jabalpur, use Jubbul- 
 pore. 
 
 JablochkofF candle. 
 
 Jabot* (Fr. dress, m.), a 
 shirt frill, 
 
 Jac, Jacobus (James). 
 
 jacana*, an aquatic bird, 
 notja.^-, jass-. 
 
 jacconet, usejaoo-*, 
 
 Jacbt {Ger. f.), yacht (cap.). 
 
 jackanapes * (one word). 
 
 jackass*, a male ass. 
 
 Jacke{Ger. f.),jacket(cap.). 
 
 Jack-in-the-box* (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 Jack Ketch*, the hang- 
 man, not — Ca-, — Ki-. 
 
 Jackson ( T. J., or 
 " Stonewall"), 1824-63. 
 
 Jacob/ean*, of James I, 
 not -aean (see also -ian). 
 
 Jacobi (C. T.), 1853-, 
 writer on printing ; — 
 (K. G. J.), 1804-51, Ger, 
 math., pron. ja'c5-bS, in 
 Ger. yah-c5'be. 
 
 Jacob/ian* (math.) {see 
 also -ean). 
 
 Jacobin*, «o/-ine. 
 
 Jacobus, Lat. for James ; 
 abbr. Jao. 
 
 jaconet *, not jacc-. 
 
 Jacq. (bot.), J. F. Jacquin, 
 1766-1839 ; or N. J. Jac- 
 quin, 1727-1817. 
 
 Jacquard loom* (cap.). 
 
 Jacquemart (Jules), 
 1837-80, Fr. etcher. 
 
 Jacques Bonhomme, 
 good fellow James, pop- 
 ular name for Fr. peasant. 
 
 Jacta est alea (Lat.), the 
 die is cast. 
 
 jactation*, boasting. 
 
 jactitation* (path.), rest- 
 less tossing of the body. 
 
 Jaeger clothing. 
 
 J.A.G., Judge- Advocate- 
 General. 
 
 Jagerj* (Ger. m.), hunts- 
 man, rifleman j /em. -In, 
 not Y- (cap.). 
 
 jag/gemaut, -anath, use 
 juggernaut*. 
 
 jagbire*, Ind. land tenure, 
 »7o/-gheer, -geer, -gir. 
 
 Jahn (P. L.), 1 778-1852, 
 "Turnvater" (father of 
 gymnastics). 
 
 Jahrl (Ger. n.), year, pi. -e, 
 abbr. J. («o^ Ja-); -buch, 
 n.year-book; -esbericht, 
 m. annual report (caps.). 
 
 jahrlich (Ger. adj.), annual. 
 
 Jahveh*, used by Bib. 
 critics for Jehovah*. 
 
 Jahvism*, religion of 
 Jahveh, not -vehism, 
 -veism, Yahvvizm. 
 
 jail/*, -er*, preferred to 
 gaol/, -er. 
 
 Jaipur, Ind., not Jey- 
 pore. 
 
 Jakob, Ger. for Jacob, 
 James; pron. yah-. 
 
 Jakobstfiwi, Finland. 
 
 Jakobstadt, Courland. 
 
 Jakobus {der Heilige) 
 (Ger.), St. James. 
 189 
 
JAKUTSK — JAUNE 
 
 Jakutsk, use Y-. 
 Jalal/abad, -pur, Ind. 
 Jalandhar, India, not 
 
 JuUundur. 
 jalloped (her.), wattled, 
 
 use jol- *. 
 jalousie*, external win- 
 dow shutter. 
 jam/*, to pack tightly, not 
 
 jamb; -med*, -mtng* 
 
 {see a/so jamb). 
 Jam., Jamaica. 
 fama*j Ind. gown, not -ah, 
 
 jamma, -h. 
 jamadar, use /e- *. 
 Jamaica*, abbr. Jam. 
 jamib*, a side post, as of 
 
 a door (see a/so jam). 
 jatnbonj (Fr. cook, m.), a 
 
 ham ; -neaUf small ham. 
 Jam.es, abbr. J., or Jas. 
 Jamesone (George), 
 
 1588-1644, Sc. painter. 
 Jameson raid, S. Africa, 
 
 1895-6. 
 Jameson's "whisky, not 
 
 Jamie-. 
 James's Day* (St.), 25 
 
 July (caps., apos.). 
 Jamldar, use j'ema*. 
 Jamieson (John), 1759- 
 
 1838, Sc. lexicographer 
 
 (see also James-). 
 Jam satis (Lat.), enough 
 
 by this time. 
 Jan.*, January. 
 jane, a fabric, m5^ jean*, 
 janizary*, Turk, soldier, 
 
 not -issary. 
 Jan Mayen, Arctic island. 
 Janotha (Nathalie), 
 
 1856-, pianist. 
 Janowski (D.), 1868-, 
 
 chess-player. 
 Jansen (Cornelius), 
 
 1585-1638, founder of 
 
 the Jansenists. 
 Janssen (Cornelius), 
 
 1590 -1665, painter; — 
 
 (P.J. C), 1824-, Fr. astr. 
 Janssens (Abraham), 
 
 1569-1 631, Du. painter. 
 janty, «5^ jaunty*. 
 January*, abbr. Jan.* 
 
 190 
 
 Janvier (Fr. m.), January; 
 abbr. Janv. (not cap.). 
 
 Jap*, a Japanese ;/>/. -s (no 
 point). 
 
 Japan*, abbr. Jap. ; native 
 name Nippon. 
 
 japan/*, -ned*, -iter*, 
 -ning* fnot cap."). 
 
 Japanese/ *, abbr. Jap. ; — 
 alphabet, has many 
 different characters, but 
 no explanation is here 
 possible ; — paper, 
 hand-made in Japan with 
 vellum surface. Used for 
 proofs of etchings and 
 engravings. 
 
 japanize*, to make Japan- 
 ese, not -onize, -ise. 
 
 Japheth, son of Noah. 
 
 Jaques, in "As You Like 
 It"; pron. ja'quez. 
 
 jar/*, -red*, -ring*. 
 
 Jardin des Plantes, 
 Paris, bot. and 200I. 
 gardens. 
 
 Jardiniere* (Fr. f.), orna- 
 mental flower-pot. 
 
 jargon*, a mineral, not 
 -oon. 
 
 jargonelle*, a pear, not 
 -el (not ital.). 
 
 jargonize*, etc., to talk 
 jargon, not -ise. 
 
 jarl*, old Dan. chieftain, 
 *tot y- ; pron. yarl. 
 
 Jaroslav, Russ., not Y-. 
 
 jarrah*, mahogany gum- 
 tree. 
 
 jarvey/*, car-driver, not 
 -vie, -vy ; pi. -s. 
 
 Jarvie (Bailie Niool), in 
 "Rob Roy." 
 
 Jas., James. 
 
 jasey*, a wig, not -sy, -zey, 
 
 -zy. 
 Jashar (Book of), in 
 
 Revised Version, not -er. 
 Jasmin (Jacques), 1798- 
 
 1864, Gascon poet, 
 jasmine* (bot.), not -in, 
 
 jessamine, -in. 
 Jaune* (Fr. m., and adj.), 
 
 yellow. 
 
JAUNPUR — JESS 
 
 Jaunpur, N.W. India, 
 jaunty*, «o/jan-. 
 Jav., Javanese, 
 javelle water, a bleacher, 
 jaw-bone* (hyphen). 
 /a wohl (Ger.), quite so. 
 J.C, Julius Csesar, Jun's- 
 
 consultus (jurisconsult), 
 
 Justice-Clerk. 
 J.-C. (Fr.), Jesus-Christ 
 
 (Jesus Christ) (hyphen). 
 J. CD., Juris Civilis Dbctor 
 
 (Doctor of Civil Law). 
 J.D., Junior Deacon, — 
 
 Dean, Jurum Doctor 
 
 (Doctor of Laws). 
 /e (Fr.), I, not cap. except 
 , at beginning of sentence, 
 
 or after full stop. 
 Jeaffreson (J. Cordy), 
 
 1831-1901, writer. 
 jean*, a twilled cotton, 
 
 not jane ; pron, jane. 
 Jeanne/ d*Arc (Fr.), Joan 
 
 of Arc ; properly — 
 
 Dare. 
 Jean Potage, nickname 
 
 for a Frenchman. 
 Jeddah, Red Sea, use 
 
 Ji-. 
 jeden falls (Ger.), in any 
 
 case. 
 Jeejeebhoy (Sir Jamset- 
 
 jee), 1783-1859, Indian 
 
 philanthropist. 
 Jefferies (Richard), 
 
 1848-87, naturalist. 
 Jeffrey (Lord), 1773-1850, 
 
 critic. 
 Jeffreys (George, 
 
 Baron), 1648-89, the 
 
 infamous judge ; — (Miss 
 
 Ellis), actress. 
 Jeffries (Maud), actress. 
 Jehlam, Punjab, not 
 
 Jhelum. 
 je-ho, call to horses, use 
 
 gee-ho *. 
 Jehovah*, Bib. critics use 
 
 Jahveh*. 
 jehup, call to horses, use 
 
 gee-up *. 
 jejune*, uninteresting (not 
 
 itaL). 
 
 "Jekyll (Dr.) and Mr. 
 
 Hyde (Strange Case 
 
 of)," by R. L. Stevenson. 
 Jelalabad, Afghanistan, 
 
 not Jella-. 
 jelick* (Turk.), woman's 
 
 bodice, «o/jell-. 
 Jellalabad, use Jela-. 
 jellify*, to convert into 
 
 jelly, not -yfy. 
 jelly-fish* (hyphen). 
 jemadar* (Hind.), native 
 
 sepoy officer, noit jama-, 
 
 jami- (not cap.). 
 Jemappes (battle of), 
 
 1792 ; in Fr. Jemmapes. 
 Jena, Prussia ; pron. ya'na. 
 Jene/iser (Ger. ), inhabitant 
 
 of Jena (cap.). 
 Jener (Ger. m.), that, that 
 
 one. 
 Je ne saisj quoi* (Fr.), an 
 
 indescribable something ; 
 
 — — — ttX}p, I don't 
 
 exactly know. 
 Jenissei, use Yenisei. 
 Jenkin (Fleeming), 
 
 1833-85, physicist. 
 jennet*, a Sp. horse, not 
 
 genit, gennet, -tt {see also 
 
 genet). 
 Jenseits {das) (Ger.), the 
 
 other world (cap.). 
 jeopardize*, not -ise. 
 Jephthah, judge of Israel, 
 jequirity*, a shrub, not 
 
 -erity. 
 Jer., Jeremiah. 
 jeremiad*, a lamentation, 
 
 not -de, 
 Jerez, Spain, use Xeres. 
 jerfalcon, use ger-*. 
 j eroboam *, wine- bottle 
 
 containing 10-12 quarts. 
 J6r6nie Bonaparte, 1784 
 
 -i860, bro. of Napoleon I. 
 jerry-builder* (hyphen). 
 jerrymander, ws^g-*. 
 Jervaulx Abbey, Yorks, 
 
 pron. jar'vis. 
 Jervis, pron. jar'vis, 
 Jes., Jesus. 
 
 Jesaias, Ger. for Isaiah- 
 jess/ *, hawk strap ; pi. -es *. 
 
 191 
 
JESSAMIN — JOHN 
 
 jessamin/, -e, use jas- 
 mine *, 
 
 Jessopp (Augustus, 
 D.D.), 1 824-, writer. 
 
 Jessor, Bengal. 
 
 Jesuits (Order of), Sot 
 cietas Jesu (Society of 
 Jesus) ; abbr. S.J. 
 
 Jesus*, abbr. J., or Jes. 
 
 jet-black* (hyphen). 
 
 jet d'eau* (Fr. m.), jet of 
 water ; pi. JetS — *. 
 
 fetS (Fr. m.), a dance step. 
 
 JetSe (Fr. f.), a jetty. 
 
 jetsam* (naut.), goods 
 thrown overboard, not 
 -som, -some, -son {see 
 also jettison). 
 
 jettison* (naut.), the act 
 of throwing goods over- 
 board (5^^ fl/so jetsam). 
 
 JetZt (Ger.), now. 
 
 Jeul* {Fr. m.), game, pl.-x*; 
 
 — de mains, a practical 
 joke ; — demots*, a pun ; 
 
 — d* esprit*, a witty 
 trifle ; — de SC^ne, or 
 
 — de th6atre, claptrap. 
 jeune premier (Fr.), stage 
 
 lover. 
 jeune sse dorSe (Fr. f.), 
 
 gilded youth, 
 jewel/*, -led*, -ler*, 
 
 -lery* (two Z's). 
 jews* harp*, wo/jew's — ; 
 
 pi. jews* harps. 
 Jeypore,India,M5^Jaipur. 
 //iee/*(Ind.),apool, «o/jhil. 
 Jhelum, Punjab, use Jeh- 
 
 1am. 
 Jhind, Punjab, use Jind. 
 JHS, use IHS *. 
 jib*,ofahorse, also a sail, not 
 
 jibb {see also gibe, gybe), 
 jibber, to chatter, use g- *. 
 jibe, see gibe, gybe, jib. 
 jiblet, use g- *. 
 Jiddah, Red Sea, not Je-. 
 jiffy*, a short time, not -ey. 
 jig-a-jog*, reiteration of 
 
 jerky movements, not 
 
 jickajog, jigjog. 
 jigger, W. Ind. insect, use 
 
 chigoe*. 
 
 jigjog, «5<? jig-a-jog*. 
 
 jigot, see gigot 
 
 Jill (Jack and), useOtiW*. 
 
 jilliflower, «s^gilly-*. 
 
 jimcrack, use g-*. 
 
 Jind, Punjab, not}h-. 
 
 Jingo/*, a blatant patriot; 
 pi. -es. 
 
 jinn*, spirit of Moham. 
 myth., Mo^ djinn, ginn. 
 
 jinricksha* (Jap.), a ve- 
 hicle, not jenny-, jinny-, 
 jinrickshaw, -rickisha, 
 -ksha. 
 
 jiu-jitsu, Jap. phys. culture. 
 
 JJ., justices. 
 
 Jno., should not be used 
 for John. 
 
 Joao, Port, for John. 
 
 Joannes, ms^ johan-*. 
 
 job (typ.), any work which 
 makes less than one sheet. 
 
 jobbing work (typ.), all 
 except book and news- 
 paper work. 
 
 jobmaster* (one word). 
 
 ♦*Jock o* Hazeldean,** 
 by Sir W. Scott. 
 
 jodel, use y- *. 
 
 Jodhpur, Rajpootana. 
 
 jog-trot*, without haste, 
 not job-, jock-, jogg-. 
 
 Johann, Ger. for John; 
 abbr. Joh. 
 
 Johannean,of the Apostle 
 John, use Johannine*. 
 
 Johannes*, Port, coin, not 
 joa- ; abbr. joe. 
 
 Johannesburg, S. Africa. 
 
 Johannisberg, Prussia. 
 
 Johannisberger*, Rhine 
 wine, «o/-berg (not ital.). 
 
 Joliannisfest (Ger.), St. 
 John's (Midsummer) Day. 
 
 John*, abbr. J.: Jno, 
 should not be used. 
 
 John Dory*, a fish, not 
 ey. 
 
 Johnny Crapaud, nick- 
 name for a Frenchman. 
 
 John o* Groat*s House, 
 Caithness. 
 
 John-o*-th*-Tops, atown 
 in Lanes (hyphens). 
 19a 
 
JOHWS — JUEZ 
 
 Johns HopkinsUniver- 
 
 sity, U.S.A., wo^ John — 
 
 — (no apos.). 
 Johnson (Samuel), 1709- 
 
 84, wrote Dictionary, 
 
 first edition 1755 {see also 
 
 Jonson). 
 Johnsonese*, a stilted 
 
 style, not Jon-. 
 Johnstone, pron. joh n'son . 
 John the Baptist (caps.). 
 joint, in Fr. cook. m. r6t, 
 
 pi. -s. 
 joint stock*, joint capital, 
 
 etc., but hyphen usual 
 
 when used as adjective. 
 Jokai (Maurus), 1825- 
 
 1894, Hun. writer. 
 jolloped* (her.), wattled, 
 
 not ja-. 
 Jon., Jonathan. 
 Jonkoping, town in Sw. 
 jonquil*, a narcissus (not 
 
 ital.); in Fr. f. Jonquille, 
 Jonson (Benjamin — 
 
 "Ben"), 1573-1637, 
 
 dramatist (see also John- 
 son). 
 Jonsonese, use John-*. 
 Jordaens (Jakob), 1593- 
 
 1678, Du. painter. 
 Jorge, Sp. for George. 
 ^* Jorrocks's Jaunts,** by 
 
 R. S. Surtees. 
 jorum*, a large drinking 
 
 vessel or its contents, not 
 
 -am. 
 Jos., Joseph. 
 Josephine, first wife of 
 
 Napoleon. 
 Josh., Joshua, 
 jostl/e*, to push; -er*, 
 
 -ing*, not JU-. 
 jot/*, -ted, -ting*, 
 joule* (elec), unit of work; 
 
 abbr. J. 
 jour., journal, journey, 
 
 -man. 
 iourj (Fr. m.), day, abbr./r. ; 
 
 — de fete, a festival ;—de 
 Pan, New Year's Day; 
 
 — des mortSy All Saints' 
 Day, I Nov. ; — maigre, 
 a fast day ; h — , open 
 
 193 
 
 work ; au jour, by day- 
 light. 
 
 journal, abbr. jour. 
 
 Journjal (Fr. m.), pi. -aux, 
 newspaper, abbr. J.; Jour- 
 nal intime, a private 
 diary. 
 
 journalize*, to keep a 
 journal, not -ise. 
 
 "Journal Offioiel,** the 
 Fr. '' Gazette" (caps.). 
 
 journey/, -man, abbr. 
 jour. 
 
 joust, often used /or juBt*. 
 
 Jowari*, Indian millet, not 
 the many variations. 
 
 jov^l*, «o/jole. 
 
 J.P.*, Justice of the Peace, 
 (law) corruption for "in 
 person." 
 
 J.R., Jacobus Rex (King 
 James). 
 
 jr., junior, usejxm. 
 
 jr. (Fr.), yo«r (day). 
 
 Juan, It., Sp. for John. 
 
 Jubbulpore, not Jabalpur. 
 
 Jucbten (Ger. m. or n.), 
 russia leather (cap.). 
 
 juck*, a partridge call, not 
 juke. 
 
 J.U.D., Juris utriusque 
 Doctor (Doctor of both 
 civil and -canon law). 
 
 Jud., judicial, Judith. 
 
 judaize*, to make Jewish. 
 
 Judean, of Judea, not -sean. 
 
 Judendeutsch (Ger. n.), 
 Yiddish ; Judenbetze, 
 Jew-baiting. 
 
 /«K/ejr(Lat.), judge ; abbr. J. 
 
 Judge/, abbr. J. ; — -Ad- 
 vocate/, abbr. J.A. ; — 
 — - General, abbr. 
 J.A.G. (caps., hyphens). 
 
 Judges (Old Test.), not 
 to be abbreviated. 
 
 judgment, «o^ judge-. 
 
 Judgment Day (caps.). 
 
 judicial/, abbr. jud. ; 
 -ize*, to treat judicially. 
 
 judicium Dei (Lat.), 
 judgment of God. 
 
 Judith, abbr. J;, or Jud, 
 
 /we/2 (Sp.), judge ; pi. -ces* 
 13 
 
JUa — JUSTICIAR 
 
 jug/*, -ged*, -ging*. 
 
 Jugej de paix (Fr. m.), 
 justice of the peace ; — 
 d* instruction, examin- 
 ing magistrate. 
 
 juggernaut*, not jagg-, 
 jagannath, jagnath (not 
 ital.). 
 
 jugular* vein. 
 
 juillet (Fr. m.), July (not 
 cap.). 
 
 juin (Fr. m.), June (not 
 cap.). 
 
 juke, Ms^ juck*. 
 
 julep*, a drink, not -ap, -eb. 
 
 Julian/, "the Apostate," 
 331-63; — Alps, E. 
 Switz. 
 
 Julian (S. A.), 1799-1873, 
 Fr. Chinese scholar. 
 
 Julien (Saint-), a claret 
 (hyphen). 
 
 julienne* (Fr. f.), a thin 
 soup, also a pear. 
 
 Jullien (Louis Antoine), 
 1812-60, mus. conductor. 
 
 Jullundur, use Jalan- 
 dhar. 
 
 July, not to be abbrevi- 
 ated. 
 
 jumbal*, a sweet cake, not 
 -ble (not ital.). 
 
 Jumelie* (Fr. f. pL), 
 opera-glass. 
 
 Jun., Junius. 
 
 jun.*, junior, 
 
 iunctim, compromise be- 
 tween Austrian political 
 parties. 
 
 junction, abbr. junc. 
 
 June, not to be abbreviated. 
 
 Junge (Ger. m.), boy, ap- 
 prentice ; Jiinger, dis- 
 ciple; Jungling, young 
 man (cap.). 
 
 junior, abbr. jun.*, not 
 jnr., jr., junr. ; J. Smith, 
 jun., Esq., not Esq., jun. 
 
 Junker* (Ger. m.), a young 
 noble (cap.). 
 
 junket/*, -ed, -ing*. 
 
 junta* (It., Sp.), an 
 assembly (not ital.). 
 
 Junto, the Whig chiefs in 
 
 reigns of William and 
 
 Anne, 
 junto*, a club or assembly 
 
 (not ital.). 
 jupe* (Fr. dress, f.), jupon* 
 
 (m.), a skirt or petticoat. 
 Jurassic* (cap., not ital.). 
 Jurej divino* (Lat.), by 
 
 divine right ; — Iiumano, 
 
 by human law. 
 Juris utriusque Doctor 
 
 (Lat.), Doctor of both 
 
 civil and canon law ; abbr. 
 
 J.U.D. 
 jurisp., jurisprudence. 
 jus (Fr. cook, m.), gravy. 
 jus] canon icum (Lat.), 
 
 canon law; — civile, 
 
 civil — ; — divinum, 
 
 divine — ; — gentium, 
 
 law of nations ; — gladii, 
 
 the right of the sword. 
 Jusjurandum, an oath. 
 Jus I mariti (Lat.), right of 
 
 husband to wife's pro- 
 perty ; — natures, law 
 
 of nature. 
 jusqtth (Fr.), to, until. 
 Jusque ik (Fr.), so far. 
 jus relictSB (Lat.), right of 
 
 the widow. 
 Jussieu (Adrian de), 
 
 1797-1853, bot., abbr. 
 
 Juss. ; — (Antoine 
 
 Iiaurent de), 1748- 
 
 1836, bot. 
 Just., Justinian, 
 just/*, a knightly combat ; 
 
 -er*, -ing* ; but joust 
 
 often used. 
 juste milieu (Fr. m.), the 
 
 golden mean. 
 Justice, a judge ; abbr. 
 
 J., pi. JJ. 
 Justice-Clerk* (Lord), 
 
 second highest Sc. judge 
 
 (caps.); abbr. J. C. 
 Justice - Genereil * 
 
 (Lord), highest Sc. judge 
 
 (caps.). 
 Justice of the Peace, 
 
 abbr. J.P.* 
 justiciar/*, -y*, a judge, 
 
 not -er, -itiar (not ital.). 
 
 194 
 
JUSTICIARY — J'Y 
 
 Justiciary (High Court 
 
 of)*, supreme Sc. criminal 
 court. 
 
 Justieruttg (Ger. typ.), 
 justification. 
 
 justification* (typ.), the 
 even and equal spacing 
 of words and lines to 
 a given measure. 
 
 justify* (typ.), to space 
 out properly a line of 
 type in the compos- 
 ing stick ; so to adjust 
 types of smaller and 
 
 larger bodies that they 
 
 exactly range. 
 Justinian, abbr. Just, 
 just/itiar, use -iciar*. 
 Justiz (Ger. f.), justice, 
 justle, use 20Q-*, 
 Justof tempore (Lat.), at 
 
 the right time ; — titulo, 
 
 lawfully, 
 jut/*, -ted, -ting*, 
 juvenescen/oe*, -t. 
 Py suls etj'y reste (Fr.), 
 
 here I am and here I 
 
 stay. 
 
 Z95 
 
 13 
 
J -NOTES 
 
 196 
 
J NOTES 
 
 197 
 
K. — KABLOWITZ 
 
 K., king, -s, the tenth in 
 a series, all proper names 
 with this initial, (assay- 
 ing) carat. 
 
 K (astr.), the solar constant, 
 (chem.) kaliunt (potas- 
 sium), (chess) king, (elec.) 
 capacity. 
 
 k. (meteor.), cumulus. 
 
 k* (astr.), Gauss's constant 
 (ital.). 
 
 K.A. (Russ.), Knight of 
 St. Andrew. 
 
 Kaaba» the most sacred 
 shrine at Mecca, use C-. 
 
 kaaD, M5tfkhan*. 
 
 kaava, use kava*. 
 
 kabbala, use o- *. 
 
 Kabul, Afghan., not C-. 
 
 kadif Oriental judge, use 
 cadi*. 
 
 Kafir*, not Kaff-, Caffre. 
 
 kaftan, use c- *. 
 
 kaiak, kaik, use oaique *. 
 
 kail, see kale*. 
 
 kaiman, use cay-*. 
 
 kainozoic, use c- *. 
 
 Kaiser* (Ger. m.), em- 
 peror ;/>ro«. ky'zr(cap.,not 
 ital.) (see also Qaisar). 
 
 kakemono* (Jap.), a 
 wall-picture. 
 
 kale/*, the cabbage genus ; 
 — -yard*, a cabbage gar- 
 den, kail-yaird only in 
 strict Scotch. 
 
 kaleidoscop/e*, -ic*. 
 
 kalend/ae, -ar, -s, use o- * . 
 
 *• Kalevala," national epic 
 of Finland, not -wala. 
 
 kali/f, -ph, use caliph*. 
 
 kalium (Lat.), potassium ; 
 symbol K. 
 
 kalmia* (hot.), not c-. 
 
 Kalmucks, not -muks, C-. 
 
 kamarband, use cum- 
 merbuud*. 
 
 Kamboja, use Cam- 
 bodia. 
 Kamchadale, inhab. of 
 
 Kamchatka. 
 Kamchatka, E. Siberia, 
 
 not Kams-, -mtchatka, 
 
 -mtschatka. 
 Kamerun, German Africa, 
 
 not Cameroons. 
 Kamschatka, use 
 
 Kamch-. 
 kamsin, use kh- *. 
 K.A.W. (Russ.), Knight of 
 
 St. Alexander Nevskoi. 
 Kan., Kansas (off. abbr.). 
 Kanaka*, a Hawaiian, not 
 
 -acka, -aker, -ak, Canaker. 
 Kanara, Bombay, not C-. 
 kanaster, a tobacco, use 
 
 0-*. 
 
 Kandahar, not C-. 
 
 Kanon (Ger. typ. m.), a 36- 
 point type ; Oross — , a 
 40-point type. 
 
 Kans/as, off. abbr. Kan. ; 
 adj. -an. 
 
 Kant (Immanuel), 1724- 
 1804, Ger. philosopher. 
 
 Kapitalchen (Ger. typ. n.), 
 small capitals (cap.). 
 
 Kapitel (Ger. n.), chap- 
 ter (cap.). 
 
 kapp*, a magnetic unit. 
 
 Kapurthala, Punjab. 
 
 K.A.B., King's African 
 Rifles. 
 
 Karachi, use Kurrachee. 
 
 Karakoram Mts., Tibet, 
 not -um. 
 
 karat, use c-*. 
 
 karij (Fr. cook.), curry (not 
 cap.) ; — h rindienne, 
 Indian curry (not cap. /) 
 {see also karri, ka\iri). 
 
 karkee, use khaki *. 
 
 Karloviugian, use C-*. 
 
 Karlowitz,Ms^ Carlovits. 
 
 198 
 
KARLSBAD — KEEP 
 
 Karls/bad,-krona,-nihe, 
 etc., not C-. 
 
 karma* (Budd.), destiny, 
 not -an. 
 
 Karnatic, not C-. 
 
 KarpathianMta., noiC-, 
 
 karri*, Austral, blue gum- 
 tree, not kari (see also 
 kari, kauri), 
 
 karsimer, use oassi- 
 mere*. 
 
 Kartoum, use Kh-. 
 
 Kashmer, India, not C-, 
 
 Kassel, Germany, not C-. 
 
 katalytic, use o-*. 
 
 Kathay, use C-. 
 
 Kathiawar, Bombay, not 
 Kattywar. 
 
 kathode, use c-*. 
 
 kation, use c- *. 
 
 ka-iou, Ms^ kotow*. 
 
 katsup, see ketchup. 
 
 Kauffmann (Angelica), 
 1 741-1807, painter. 
 
 Kaiifmann (C. von), 
 1818-82, Russ. General. 
 
 kauri*, N. Zealand con- 
 iferous tree, etc., not 
 cowdi, -ri, -ry, kourie, 
 kowrie (not ital.) (see also 
 co"wrie, kaii, karri). 
 
 kava*, Polynesian in- 
 toxicant, not ava, cava, 
 kaava, kawa. 
 
 kavass*, Turkish police 
 officer, not cavash, -ass, 
 kawass, kouas, kervas. 
 
 kayak/*, Eskimo canoe, 
 not -iak, -jak, -yack, kiak, 
 kyack ; -er*, -ing*. 
 
 Kazan, E. Russia, not Kas-. 
 
 K.B., King's Bench, 
 Knight Bachelor; K,B.A. 
 (Port.), Knight of St. 
 Benedict of Avis; K.B.E. 
 (Russ.), ditto Black Eagle. 
 
 K.C., King's College, — 
 Counsel, (Turk.) Knight 
 of the Crescent ; K.C.B.*, 
 Knight Commander of 
 the Bath ; K.C.C. 
 (Belgium and Congo Free 
 State), ditto (Order of the) 
 Crown; K.C.H., ditto 
 
 Hanoverian Guelphic 
 Order; K.C.I.E., ditto 
 Indian Empire ; K.C.L., 
 King's College, London ; 
 K.C.M.G., Knight Com- 
 mander of (the Order of) 
 St. Michael and St. 
 George ; K.C.S,, Knight 
 of Charles III of Spain ; 
 K.C.S.I., Knight Com- 
 mander of the Star of 
 India; K.C.V.O., ditto 
 Royal Victorian Order. 
 
 K.D.G., King's Dragoon 
 Guards. 
 
 K.E. (Den.), Knight of 
 the Elephant. 
 
 Kead Mile PailteWom- 
 hat, use C . 
 
 Kean (Charles John), 
 1811-68 ; —(Edmund), 
 1 787-1833, actors (see also 
 Keene). 
 
 Keane (Lord John), 
 1781-1844, General. 
 
 ** Kearsarge,** Amer. ship; 
 pron. keer'sar-g6 (g hard). 
 
 Keb. Coll., Keble College, 
 Oxford. 
 
 keblab, use ki- *. 
 
 kedgeree* (cook.), a dish 
 of rice, fish, etc., not the 
 many variations (not ital.). 
 
 Kedleston, Derby; pron. 
 kel'sn. 
 
 Kedron, Jerusalem, use 
 Ki-. 
 
 keelhaul*, not -hawl (one 
 word). 
 
 keelson, use kelson*. 
 
 Keene (Charles 
 
 Haines), 1847 -, writer ; 
 — (Charles Samuel), 
 1823-91, black and white 
 artist ; — (Henry 
 George), 1781-1864, 
 writer (see also Kean). 
 
 keep/ down (typ.), to use 
 caps, sparingly ; — in, to 
 set type closely, so as to 
 take little space ; — out, 
 reverse ditto. 
 
 keepsake* (one word). 
 
 keep standing (typ.), the 
 
 199 
 
KEEP — K.F.M. 
 
 type not to be distributed 
 
 pending possible reprint- 
 ing ; keep up, to keep 
 
 standing, also to use caps. 
 
 freely. 
 keerie, use kerrie *. 
 keffiyeh*, Bedouin Arab 
 
 head-dress, not the many 
 
 variations. 
 Keighley, Yorks ; pron. 
 
 keeth'le. 
 Keightley (Thomas), 
 
 1 789- 1872, writer. 
 Keim (Theodor), 1825- 
 
 78, Ger. theologian. 
 Kek\il6 (F» A.), 1829-96, 
 
 chemist. 
 kell/eck, -ick (naut.), use 
 
 kiUick*. 
 Kellnerj (Ger.), fern, -in, 
 
 waiter (cap.). 
 Kelly*s Directories. 
 Kelmscott Press, 1890-8, 
 
 founded by W. Morris. 
 kelpie*, a water-spirit, 
 
 not -y. 
 Kelsale, Suffolk. 
 Kelsall, Cheshire, 
 kelson* (naut.), inboard 
 
 keel, not keel-. 
 Kelt/, -ic, -icism, use 
 
 C-*. 
 kelter*, good condition ; in 
 
 Amer. kilter*. 
 Kempis (Thomas H), 
 
 1379-147 1, writer. 
 Kenia (Mount), E. Afr., 
 
 not -ya. 
 Kenmare, Kerry. 
 Kenmore, Perth. 
 Kennard (Sir C. A. F.), 
 
 1885- {see also Kin- 
 
 naird, Kynnaird). 
 Kennaway (Sir John), 
 kennel/*, -led*, -ling*, not 
 
 -eled, -eling. 
 Kenney (James), 1780- 
 
 1849, Ir. dramatist. 
 Kennoway, Fife. 
 Kent's Bank, Lanes 
 
 (apos.). 
 Kentucky, offic abbr. Ky. 
 Ken wigs (Morleena), in 
 
 " Nicholas Nickleby." 
 
 kephalic/, -al, use c-*. 
 
 kSpi* (Fr. m.), military 
 cap. 
 
 Kepler (Johann), 157 1- 
 1630, astr., not Kepp-. 
 
 keramic, etc., use c-*. 
 
 kerb/, -stone, not ki-, more 
 usual than curb/*. 
 
 Kerguelen Island. 
 
 kermis* (Arab.), a fair or 
 entertainment, not -ess, 
 kirmess (see also ku- 
 miss). 
 
 kern* (typ.), the part of 
 a metal type projecting 
 beyond the body, as the 
 curled tail of /; also to 
 furnish with a kern 
 (O.E.D.). 
 
 kerned* (typ.), said of a 
 type which has any part 
 of the face projecting 
 beyond the body. 
 
 kemell/ed*, -y *, not -eled, 
 -ely. 
 
 kerrie* (S. Afr.), a knobbed 
 stick, not -y, keerie. 
 
 kerseymere, use cassi-*. 
 
 Kertch, Odessa. 
 
 ketch* (naut.), a two- 
 masted vessel. 
 
 Ketch (Jack)*, the hang- 
 man, not Ca-, Ki-. 
 
 ketchup *, more usual than 
 catchup *. 
 
 kettledrum* (one word). 
 
 Keuper* (geol.), pron, 
 koi'pr (cap., not ital.). 
 
 key, a wharf, use 
 quay*. 
 
 keyboard* (mus.,etc.)(one 
 word). 
 
 key -bugle* (hyphen). 
 
 keyhole* (one word). 
 
 key-note* (hyphen). 
 
 Keys (House of), Isle of 
 Man (caps.) ; abbr. H.K. 
 
 keystone* (one word). 
 
 Key "West, Florida (two 
 words). 
 
 K.F. (Sp.), Knight of Fer- 
 dinand ; K.F.M. (Sicily), 
 ditto St. Ferdinand and 
 Merit. 
 
K.G. — KILOMETRE 
 
 K.G.*, Knight of the (Order 
 
 of the) Garter; kg.*, 
 
 kilogram ; K.G-.C. 
 
 (U.S.A.), Knight of the 
 
 Golden Circle, ditto 
 
 Grand Cross ; K.G.E. 
 
 (Ger.), ditto Golden 
 
 Eagle ; K.G.F. (Aus., 
 
 Sp.), ditto Golden Fleece; 
 
 kgl, (Ger.), koniglich], -e, 
 
 -er, -es (royal) ; K.G.V. 
 
 (Sw.), Knight of Gustavus 
 
 Vasa. 
 K.H.*, Knight of (the 
 
 Guelphs of) Hanover. 
 Khaiber Pass, Afghan. 
 khaki*, not -kee, kaki, 
 
 karkee, kharkie. 
 khal/eefate, -ifat, use 
 
 caliphate*, 
 khalif/, -a, use caliph*, 
 khamsin*, Egyptian hot 
 
 wind, not ka-, -seen, 
 khan*, not chan, kaan. 
 Khartoum, not Kartum. 
 Khayydm (Omar), 
 
 1050?- 1 1 22, Pers. poet. 
 K.H. C, Honorary Chaplain 
 
 to the King. 
 khedival*, of the khedive, 
 
 not -ial. 
 khedivate *, government 
 
 of khedive, not -iate. 
 khediv/e *, y^w. -a*, ruler 
 
 of Egypt (not cap.). 
 khidmutgar* (Ind.), a 
 
 male waiter, not the many 
 
 variations. 
 K.H.P., Honorary Physi- 
 cian to the King. 
 K.H.S., Honorary Surgeon 
 
 to the King. 
 Khyber Pass, use Khai-. 
 kiak, use kayak *. 
 kiblah*, the point to which 
 
 Mohammedans turn in 
 
 prayer, not ke-. 
 kick-off** (foot.) (hyphen). 
 kickshaMT*, a trifle (one 
 
 word). 
 kidmutgar, use khid- *. 
 kidnap/*, -ped*, -per*, 
 
 -ping*, not -aped, etc. 
 kidney bean* (two words). 
 
 Kidron, Jerusalem, not Ke-. 
 
 Kieff^, S.E. Russia, use 
 Kiev. 
 
 Kielland (A. L.), 1849-, 
 Norwegian writer. 
 
 Kierkegaard (Soren 
 Aaby), 1813-55, Danish 
 writer. 
 
 Kieseritzki gambit, 
 chess opening, not Keis-. 
 
 Kiev, S.E. Russia, not -eff, 
 -ew. 
 
 kil., kilderkin. 
 
 Kilauea, volcano in 
 Hawaii, not -aua. 
 
 kilerg* (physics), measure 
 of work (not ital.). 
 
 Kilima-Njaro (Mount), 
 E. Afr. (two caps., hy- 
 phen). 
 
 Killala, Mayo, also Bp. of. 
 
 Killaloe, Clare, also Bp. of. 
 
 Killaloo, Londonderry. 
 
 Killea, Londonderry. 
 
 KUleagh, Cork. 
 
 Killen, Ross-shire. 
 
 Killianwala, use Chili- 
 an-wallah. 
 
 killick*, a stone used as 
 anchor, not -ock, kelleck, 
 -ick. 
 
 Killieorankie, Perth. 
 
 Killin, Perth. 
 
 Killylea, Armagh. 
 
 Blillyleigh, Down. 
 
 "Kilmansegg (Miss),** 
 byT. Hood, 1828, not -eg, 
 
 kilogram*, 2-205 lb. 
 nearly ; off. spelling in 
 Acts of Parliament, and 
 by Board of Trade, not 
 -mme ; abbr. kg.*, or 
 kilo* (no point). 
 
 kilogrammetre* (phys.), 
 measure of work (one 
 word, not ital.). 
 
 kilolitre*, not -er, 1000 
 litres (not ital.) ; abbr. 
 kl. 
 
 kilometre*, not-er, 1093*6 
 yards, nearly five-eighths 
 of a mile (not ital.) ; in 
 Fr. kilometre ; abbr. 
 km. {not kilo). 
 
KILOMETRIC — KIT'S 
 
 kilometric*, of a kilo- 
 metre (not ital.). 
 
 kilowatt* (elec), I coo 
 watts (not ital.) ; abbr. kvr. 
 
 kilowatt - hour (elec), 
 abbr. B.T.U. (Board of 
 Trade Unit). 
 
 kilter* (Amer.), good con- 
 dition ; in Eng. ke-*. 
 
 kimbo (a-) * (hyphen). 
 
 Kimeridgian * (geol.) 
 (cap.). 
 
 Kimric, Welsh, use 
 Cym- *. 
 
 kineBsthesis*, the sense 
 of muscular effort, not 
 kine-, -ia. 
 
 Kincardine-O'lN'eil, 
 Aberdeen (hyphen, three 
 caps.). 
 
 kindergarten/*, a school 
 (not ital., not cap.) ; -er*, 
 its teacher. 
 
 kinematograph, not c-. 
 
 King/, -s, abbr. K.; 
 (typ.) print as Edward 
 VII, or the Seventh, not 
 the VII ; — Charles's 
 spaniel* (two caps.). 
 
 King Cross, Halifax. 
 
 kingd., kingdom. 
 
 kingfisher* (one word). 
 
 King-of-Arnas*, not — at- 
 
 — (hyphens). 
 
 King of Glory, as Deity 
 (caps.). 
 
 Kingsale (Baron) {see 
 also Kinsale). 
 
 King's Bench*, abbr. 
 K.B. (apos.). 
 
 Kingsborough (Vis- 
 count). 
 
 Kingsburgh (Lord), Lord 
 Justice-Clerk of Scot- 
 land. 
 
 King's/ College, abbr. 
 K.C.;— Counsel, K.C.; 
 
 — County; — Cross, 
 London; — evil*, scrof- 
 ula (apos.). 
 
 King's/ Langley, Herts ; 
 
 — Lynn, Norfolk (apos.). 
 Kingsteignton, Devon 
 
 (one word). 
 
 Kingston, Jamaica, New 
 York, Ontario. 
 
 Kingstone, Dorset, Here- 
 ford, Kent, Stafford. 
 
 Kingston/-on-Hull ; — 
 -on-Thames (hyphens). 
 
 Kingstown, Dublin. 
 
 Kington, Hereford. 
 
 Kinloss (Baroness). 
 
 Kinnaird (Baxon){seealso 
 Kennard, Kynnaird). 
 
 Kinnear (Baron). 
 
 Kinnoull (Earl of). 
 
 Kinross (Baron). 
 
 Kinross-shire (hyphen). 
 
 Kinsale, Co. Cork (see also 
 Kingsale). 
 
 Kintyre, Argyl, not Can- 
 tire. 
 
 kiosk * (not ital.). 
 
 Kioto, Japan, use Kyoto. 
 
 kirb/, -stone, use ke-. 
 
 Kirkaldy, testing ex- 
 perts. 
 
 Kirk Braddan, I.O.M., 
 not -on. 
 
 Kirkcaldy, Fife. 
 
 Kirkcudbright, pronMlr- 
 koo'brg. 
 
 Kirkmichael, Ayr, Perth 
 (one word). 
 
 Kirk Michael, I.O.M. 
 (two words). 
 
 Kirk Newton, Northum- 
 berland (two words). 
 
 Kirknewton, Midlothian 
 (one word). 
 
 kirk-session*, the lowest 
 Presbyterian court (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 Kirschwasser *, a cherry 
 liqueur, not kirschen-. 
 
 kismet* (Turk.), fate, not 
 -at, -ut. 
 
 kit-cat*, a portrait 36 x 
 28 in., not -kat, 
 
 kitohen-garden/*, -er*, 
 -ing*; kitchen-maid* 
 (hyphens). 
 
 kiimutgan ^se khid-*. 
 
 Kit's Coity House, 
 Aylesford, Kent, a dol- 
 men, not — Coty — , 
 — Cotty — . 
 
 soa 
 
KIWI — KOHLEB 
 
 kiwi* (N. Zealand), the 
 apteryx, not kivi, kiwi- 
 kiwi ; proH, ky'wS. 
 
 K.J., Knight of St. Jo- 
 achim. 
 
 Kj0benliavii, Dan. for 
 Copenhagen. 
 
 k.k. (Ger.), kaiserltch- 
 kdntglichj^ -e, -er, -es 
 (imperial-royal). 
 
 K.K.K., Ku - Klux - 
 
 Klan. 
 
 K.Ij. (Aus., Belg.), Knight 
 of Leopold ; kl., kilolitre ; 
 /C/. (Ger.), /i:/ew5^ (class); 
 K.Ij.A., Knight of Leo- 
 pold of Austria ; £.Ij.B., 
 ditto Belgium, 
 
 kleistogamous, use o-*. 
 
 klepsydra, use c-*. 
 
 kleptomania*, not c-. 
 
 K.Ii.H. (Fr.), Knight of 
 the Legion of Honour. 
 
 klinometer, use c- *. 
 
 Klondike, Yukon, Canada, 
 not -yke. 
 
 K.M., Knight of Malta ; 
 kni.,kilometre; K.Mess., 
 King's Messenger ; 
 
 K.M.H., Knight of Merit 
 of Holstein ; K.M.J. 
 (Bavaria), Knightof Maxi- 
 milian Joseph ; K.M.T. 
 (Aus.), ditto Maria The- 
 resa. 
 
 knee-cap*, the patella 
 (hyphen). 
 
 kneel/*, -ed*, -ing* 
 
 Kneipp's (Father) water- 
 cure. 
 
 knick-knack* (hyphen), 
 not nicknack. 
 
 knight, abbr, K.*, or Kt.* 
 {see also K./A., — A.N., 
 — B., — C — E., — F., 
 _G., — H., — J., — Ii., 
 
 — luH.,— M., — N.S., 
 
 — ofli., —P.,— R.C., 
 
 — B,.E., — S., — S.J., 
 
 — T., -W., — W.E.). 
 Knightbridge, Cam- 
 bridge professorship, not 
 Knights-. 
 
 knight-errant*, pi. 
 
 knights-errant * (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 Knightsbridge, London. 
 
 Knights/ of Ijabour 
 (U.S.A.), Amer. trade 
 union, abbr. K. of L. ; — 
 of Pythias, U.S.A. be- 
 nevolent soc.,abbr.K.P., 
 o^-K. ofP. 
 
 knit/*, -ted*, -ting*. • 
 
 knitting-needle * (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 knobby*, knob-shaped. 
 
 knobkerrie* (S. Afr., 
 Austral.), a knobbed stick, 
 not -keerie, -kerry (not 
 ital.). 
 
 knook/-about (theat.) ; — 
 -down*, adj. ; — knee/ *, 
 -d* ; out* (hyphens). 
 
 BZnollys, proyi. nOlz. 
 
 knot/*, -ted*, -ting*. 
 
 knot* (naut.), a speed per 
 hour, not a distance ; 
 hence knot an hour erron. 
 
 Knowl, Yorks. 
 
 Knowle, Glos, Warwick. 
 
 knowledgeable *. 
 
 K.W.S. (Sw.), Knight of 
 the (Royal) North Star. 
 
 knur/*, a knot; — and 
 spell, a game, not n-, -rr. 
 
 knurl*, a small projection, 
 not nurl. 
 
 Knut, use Cnut. 
 
 K.O.B., King's Own Bor- 
 derers. 
 
 Koch (Karl), 1809-79, 
 botanist; — (Robert), 
 1 843-, bacteriologist. 
 
 Kock (Charles Paul de), 
 1 794-1 87 1, writer; — 
 (Henri de), 1821-92, 
 writer. 
 
 Kodaikanal Observa- 
 tory, India. 
 
 K. of Ii. (U.S. A), Knights 
 of Labour ; K. of P., — 
 of Pythias (U.S.A. bene- 
 volent society). 
 
 Koh-i-noor* diamond, 
 not -nur, -nur (hyphens). 
 
 Kohler (Reinhold), 
 
 1830-92, writer. 
 
 203 
 
KOHLRABI — K.S.P. 
 
 kohlrabi*, a turnip-cab- 
 bage (one word). 
 
 Kolhapur, India, not 
 Kola-. 
 
 KoUiker (R. A.), 1817-, 
 histologist. 
 
 Koln, Ger. for Cologne. 
 
 Kolon (Ger. typ. n.), colon 
 (cap.). 
 
 Kolumnenltitel (Ger. 
 typ. m.), running title ; 
 -ziffer(f.), folio (cap.). 
 
 Komma (Ger. typ. n.), 
 comma (cap,). 
 
 Koniggratz, Bohemia, not 
 -igsgratz. 
 
 Konigsberg, E. Prussia. 
 
 Konzertj, -meister (Ger. 
 m.), 'Stiick (n.), not 
 Cone-. 
 
 koodoo*, S. Afr. antelope, 
 not kudu (not ital.). 
 
 koomiss, use ku-*. 
 
 Koords, use Kurds. 
 
 kopeck, use c- *. 
 
 Kopfzeile (Ger. typ. f.), 
 head-line. 
 
 kopje* (S. Afr.), a small 
 hill, not -pjie, -ppie, 
 -ppje ; pron. k6p'6. 
 
 koprolit/e, -h, use c-*. 
 
 Koran *, Mohammedan 
 sacred book. 
 
 koran*, S. Afr. bustard. 
 
 Korea/, -n, not C-. 
 
 Korrektjor (Ger. typ. m.), 
 corrector of the press ; 
 -l/r (f.), a proof (caps.). 
 
 K.O.S.B., King's Own 
 Scottish Borderers. 
 
 kosher*, food prepared 
 according to the Jewish 
 law, not coshar, -er, ko- 
 scher. 
 
 kotoTv/*, a Chinese obeis- 
 ance ; -ing*, -ism*, not 
 the many variations. 
 
 koumiss, use ku-*. 
 
 kowrie, use kauri*. 
 
 kow-tow, use kotow *. 
 
 K.O.Y.Ij.I., King's Own 
 Yorkshire Light Infan- 
 try. 
 
 K.P.*, Knight of (the Order 
 
 of) St. Patrick; (U.S.A.), 
 
 Knights of Pythias. 
 Kr, krypton, 
 kr., kreuzer. 
 kraal* (Afr.), village, or 
 
 enclosure. 
 Kraflft (Peter), 1 780-1856, 
 
 painter. 
 Krakatoa (Mount), 
 
 Straits of Sunda, not -au. 
 Krakow,Poland, not Cra.c-. 
 Krapotkine (Prince 
 
 Peter), 1 842-, writer, mo/ 
 
 Kro-, -in. 
 K.R.C., Knight of the Red 
 
 Cross ; K.R.E., ditto 
 
 Red Eagle, 
 kreese, use c- *. 
 Krefeld, Germany, offic. 
 
 K-, usually C-. 
 Krehbiel (H. JE.), 1854-, 
 
 writer on music. 
 Kremlin, Moscow citadel, 
 kremlin *, any Russ. cita- 
 del (not cap.). 
 kreosote, use c- *. 
 kreuzer*, Aus. and Ger. 
 
 coin, one-fifth penny ; 
 
 abbr. kr. ; pron. kroi'tzr. 
 Kriegsminister (Ger. m.), 
 
 Minister of War (cap., 
 
 one word). 
 Kriegspiel* (Ger. n.), the 
 
 war game. 
 kriSy use creese*, 
 kromesquis, use c-. 
 Krone/*, Aus, silver coin, 
 
 lod. Eng., Ger. gold coin, 
 
 los. Eng. ; pi. -n. 
 Kroo*, W. Afr. negro, not 
 
 -ou, -u (not ital.). 
 Kropotkine (Prince), 
 
 use Kra-. 
 K.B.II., King's Royal 
 
 Rifles; K.R.R.C, ditto 
 
 Rifle Corps. 
 Kru, use Kroo*. 
 Krupp, Essen, Germany. 
 krypton*, not c-; symbol 
 
 Kr. 
 K.S., King's Scholar, 
 
 (Sw.) Knight of the 
 
 Sword ; K.S.A. (Russ.), 
 
 ditto of St. Anne; K.S.P. 
 
 804 
 
K.S.P.M. — KYRLE 
 
 (Sp.)j ditto San Fernando; 
 K.S.F.M. (Naples), ditto 
 St. Ferdinand and Merit ; 
 K.S.G. (Russ.), ditto 
 St. George ; K.S.H. (Ba- 
 varia), ditto St. Hubert. 
 
 kshatriya* (Ind.), one of 
 the four great castes, not 
 -tri, -ttriya. 
 
 K.S.J. (Naples), Knight of 
 St. Januarius ; E1.S.Ij. 
 (Pers.), ditto the Sun 
 and Lion ; K.Soc, Ka- 
 mashastra Society ; 
 
 K.S.P., Knight of St. 
 Stanislaus of Poland ; 
 K.S.S. (Brazil), ditto 
 Southern Star, ditto 
 Sword of Sweden ; 
 K.S.V. (Russ.), ditto 
 St. Vladimir. 
 
 K.T.*, Knight of the (Order 
 of the) Thistle, — Tem- 
 plar ; Kt.*, knight ; Kt. 
 Baoh., Knight Bachelor; 
 K.T.X. (Gr.), kai ta loipa 
 (and the rest, or etc. ) ; 
 K.T.S. (Port.), Knight 
 of the Tower and Sword. 
 
 Kuch Behar, India, not 
 Coo . 
 
 kudos* (Gr.), renown (not 
 ital.). 
 
 kudu, use koodoo*. 
 
 Kufic, use C- *. 
 
 Ku-Klux-Klan*, a 
 
 U.S.A. secret society (not 
 ital.); abbr. K.K.K. 
 
 kukri'*' (Ind.), a curved 
 knife, not the many varia- 
 tions. 
 
 Kulturkampf der 
 
 Menscbbelt {Ger.), con- 
 
 flict against ignorance and 
 
 obscurantism. 
 Kumassi, Ashanti, not 
 
 -asi, Coo-, Koo-, -ie. 
 kumiss*, a preparation of 
 
 mares' milk, not the many 
 
 variations. 
 kummel*, a liqueur. 
 kujnmerbund, use o-*. 
 kupfemickel* (mineral.) 
 
 (oney^ not cap.), 
 kupfferite* (mineral.) (two 
 
 /'s). 
 Kur (Ger. f.), cure (cap.). 
 Kurds, of Kurdistan, not 
 
 Koo-. 
 kuriologic/, -al, use c-*. 
 Kurrachee, not Karachi. 
 Kursaal* (Ger. m.), a hall 
 
 (ital., cap.). 
 Kursivscbtift (Ger.typ.f. ), 
 
 italic type. 
 Kutch, kutch,M5«C-, c-*. 
 Kuyp, use C-. 
 kvass* (Russ.), rye beer. 
 K.W. (Netherlands), 
 
 Knight of William ; kw. 
 
 (elec), kilo watt; K.W.E. 
 
 (Poland), Knight of the 
 
 White Eagle. 
 Ky., Kentucky (offic. 
 
 abbr.). 
 Kymric, use C- *. 
 Kynnaird (Viscount) 
 
 (see also Kennard, Kin- 
 
 naird). 
 Kyoto, Japan, not Ki-. 
 Kyrie eleison* (eccles.), 
 
 ''Lord, have mercy"; 
 
 abbr. Kyrie, not — ele€- 
 
 son. 
 Kyrie (John), 1637-1724, 
 
 the "Man of Ross." 
 
 205 
 
K NOTES 
 
 206 
 
K KTOTES 
 
 ao7 
 
Ii. — LACY 
 
 L., Lady, Lake, Latin, 
 Liberal, licentiate, the 
 eleventh in a series, all 
 proper names with this 
 initial, (after titles) Lon- 
 don, (hot.) Linnaeus, (Fr.) 
 livre (pound), (It.) lir\a, -e 
 (tenpence), (Lat.) liber (a 
 book), locus (place), 
 (theat.) left (from actor's 
 point of view). 
 
 L. or £, the form £ to be 
 used and placed before 
 figures, as £$o. If /. 
 ordered, to be placed after, 
 as 50/. {see also punc- 
 tuation, XXI, 3). 
 
 L, fifty, fiftieth, (elec.) 
 symbol for inductance, 
 tabular logarithm (not 
 ital., no point). 
 
 1,, league, length, line, 
 link, litre, (Ger.) lies 
 (read), (naut.) light- 
 ning. 
 
 Xi.A., law agent, Legisla- 
 tive Assembly, Literate 
 in Arts. 
 
 La, lanthanum (no point). 
 
 La., Louisiana, U.S.A. 
 (offic. abbr.). 
 
 l\a. (Fr.), lettred'avis{\.eiifir 
 of advice). 
 
 laager* (S. Afr.), a tem- 
 porary camp, not lag-. 
 
 Lab., Labrador. 
 
 label/*, -led*, -ling*. 
 
 labilum* (Lat.), a lip; pi. 
 -a*. 
 
 Lablache (Lnigi), 1794- 
 1858, singer (one word). 
 
 Labor Day (Amer.), 
 first Monday in Sept., 
 not Labour — (caps.). 
 
 lab/our *, -orious *. 
 
 Labourers Act (caps., no 
 apos.). 
 
 Labrador, abbr. Lab. 
 
 labrjum* (Lat.), lip of a 
 
 jug, etc. ; pi. -a*. 
 La Bruyire (J. de), 
 
 1645-96, Fr. writer. 
 
 labyrinth/*, -ian*, -ic*, 
 -ine*. 
 
 L.A.C., Licentiate of the 
 Apothecaries' Company, 
 London Athletic Club. 
 
 lac/*, a resin ; (Ang.-Ind.) 
 100,000, not -ck, -kh 
 (not ital.) ; — of rupees 
 (typ.), pointing above one 
 lac is with a comma after 
 the number of lacs : thus 
 25,87,000 is 25 lacs 87 
 thousand rupees. 
 
 Laccadive Islands, off 
 Madras. 
 
 Lac6pdd9 (B. G. E. de 
 la v., comte), 1756- 
 1825, naturalist. 
 
 Lachaise (P6re), Paris 
 cemetery (two words). 
 
 lacbe (Fr.), lax, cowardly 
 (ital.). 
 
 laches *, negligence (not 
 ital.). 
 
 Lachryma Christi*, a 
 red wine. 
 
 lachrym/al*, -atory*, 
 -ose *, not lacri-, lacry-. 
 
 lackadaisical * (not ital.). 
 
 lacker, use lacquer *. 
 
 lackey*, a footman, not 
 -quey. 
 
 laconic* (not cap.). 
 
 L.A.C.P., London Associa- 
 tion of Correctors of the 
 Press (33 Chancery Lane, 
 London, W.C). 
 
 lacquer*, etc., not lacker. 
 
 lacrimal, use lachry-*. 
 
 La Crohs3, town, U.S.A. 
 
 lacrosse*, ball game (one 
 word, not ital.)., 
 
 lacun/a*,/>/. -89* (notital.). 
 
 lacy *, lace-like, not -ey. 
 
 208 
 
LADIES' — IiAMARQUE 
 
 ladies' cards, 37a x 2^2 
 in. 
 
 "Ladies'/ Field," news- 
 paper ; — Gallery*, 
 House of Commons ; 
 — Mile, Hyde Park, Lon- 
 don {see also Lady's). 
 
 ladies' school*. 
 
 Lady, abbr. L. 
 
 Lady (Our) (R.C.C.) 
 (caps.). 
 
 lady/-bird*, cow*, in- 
 sect (hyphens). 
 
 Lady Day/, 25 March 
 
 (two words, caps. ) ; 
 
 in Harvest, 15 Aug. 
 
 Lady Dedloek, in '^ Bleak 
 House," not Dead-. 
 
 lady-in-waiting* (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 ladylike* (one word). 
 
 "Lady of Shalott," by 
 Tennyson, 1832. 
 
 lady's maid*, pi. ladies' 
 maids (no hyphen). 
 
 ** Lady's/ Pictorial," «— 
 Realm," newspapers 
 {see also Ladies'). 
 
 laemmergeyer, use la- *. 
 
 lassa majestas (Lat.), 
 lese-majesty. 
 
 LaBtare Sunday, fourth 
 in Lent. 
 
 lasva (Lat.), left. 
 
 IsBVO- *, the prefix, not le-. 
 
 Lafayette College, 
 
 U.S.A. (one word). 
 
 Laffitte (Ch&teau-), a 
 claret (hyphen); — (Jac- 
 ques), 1767-1 844, French 
 statesman ; i 
 (one word). 
 
 La Fontaine (Jean de), 
 1621-95, Fr. writer (two 
 words). 
 
 lager beer* (two words, 
 not ital.). 
 
 lagoon*, «o^-une. 
 
 Lagrange (J.L., comte), 
 1736-1813, math. 
 
 Lagthing, Upper House of 
 Norwegian Parliament. 
 
 La Quaira, S. Amen, not 
 -yra. 
 
 L.A.H., Licentiate of 
 Apothecaries' Hall. 
 
 La Hague (Cape), N.W. 
 France. 
 
 la haute politique (Fr.), 
 State politics. 
 
 La Haye (Fr.),The Hague, 
 Holland. 
 
 La Hogue, a roadstead, 
 N.W. France. 
 
 Lahore, India, not -or. 
 
 laicize*, to secularize, not 
 -ise. 
 
 laid paper*, that which 
 when held up to the light 
 shows parallel lines at 
 intervals of an inch or so. 
 
 Lais, a Greek beauty. 
 
 laissezl-aller* (Fr.), ab- 
 sence of restraint, not 
 
 laisser- ; faire*, let 
 
 people do as they think 
 best (O.E.D.), let well 
 alone I not laisser-. 
 
 lait (Fr. m.), milk ; au — , 
 with milk. 
 
 laitance (Fr. f.), soft roe of 
 fish. 
 
 laitue (Fr. f.), lettuce. 
 
 Lake (typ.), capital when 
 with name, as Bala Lake, 
 Lake Superior ; abbr. L. 
 
 lakh, 5^^ lac*. 
 
 laky*, lake-like, not -ey. 
 
 la Ik (Fr.), so-so, pass- 
 ably. 
 
 Lalande (J. J. le-F. de), 
 1 732-1807, Fr. astr. (one 
 word). 
 
 Lalitpur, N.W, India, 
 not Lalat-. 
 
 Tj.A.'M.. jLi'beraliumArtium 
 Magtster (Master of the 
 Liberal Arts). 
 
 Lam. (Scrip.), Lamenta- 
 tions, (bot.) Lamarck. 
 
 lama*, Buddhist priest (5^* 
 also 11-). 
 
 Lamarck/ (J. B. P. A. 
 de M.), 1744-1829, 
 naturalist (one word) ; 
 -ian ; abbr. Lam. 
 
 Lamarque (comte M.), 
 1770-1832, Fr. General. 
 ao9 li 
 
I, AMARTINE — LAP 
 
 Lamartine (A. M. L. de), 
 1 790-1869, Fr. poet (one 
 word). 
 
 lamasery*, a lama mon- 
 astery, «o/the many varia- 
 tions. 
 
 lambda *, the Gr. L, /(A, \). 
 
 Lambhill, Glasgow (one 
 word). 
 
 Lamb of God (two 
 caps.). 
 
 lamib's fry* (cook.) (apos., 
 two words). 
 
 lambskin* (one word). 
 
 lamb's- wool* (apos., hy- 
 phen). 
 
 lamell/a*, a thin plate ; 
 
 pi. -8S*. 
 
 Lamennals (R. H. F. R. 
 de), 1782-1854, Fr. poli- 
 tician (one word). 
 
 Lamentations (Book of), 
 abbr. Lam. 
 
 lamin/a*, a thin plate; 
 pi. -89*. 
 
 Lammas*, i August. 
 
 lammergeyer *, the 
 
 bearded vulture, not lae-, 
 le-, -geier (not ital.). 
 
 Lamourette*s kiss, a kiss 
 of peace when there is 
 no peace. 
 
 lamp-black* (hyphen). 
 
 lamplighter* (one word). 
 
 lamp-post* (hyphen). 
 
 lamproie (Fr. f.), lamprey. 
 
 Lancashire/,abbr.Lancs ; 
 — Regiment (Loyal 
 North, not Royal — ). 
 
 Lancaster Regiment 
 (Royal) {see also Lan- 
 kester). 
 
 Lance - Corporal, abbr. 
 L.-Corp. 
 
 lanoewood* (one word). 
 
 laneinat/e*, ing*. 
 
 Lancing College, Sus- 
 sex. 
 
 Lanes, Lancashire. 
 
 landau/ *, -let*, a carriage 
 (not ital.). 
 
 landdrost* (S. Afr.), a 
 magistrate, not landroost, 
 -rost. 
 
 landgrav/e *, a count ; /em. 
 -ine*. 
 
 landgraviate*, a land- 
 grave's territory, wo^-vate. 
 
 landlocked* (one word). 
 
 land-lubber* (hyphen). 
 
 landmark* (one word). 
 
 L. & N.W.R., London 
 and North-Western Rail- 
 way. 
 
 Landor (Walter Sav- 
 age), 1775-1864, writer. 
 
 landowner* (one word). 
 
 lands/man*, pi. -men*. 
 
 Landsthing, Upper House 
 of the Danish Parliament. 
 
 Landsturm* (Ger. m.), 
 reserves of the whole 
 nation for national de- 
 fence. 
 
 L. & S.W.R., London and 
 South-Western Railway. 
 
 Landtag (Ger. m.), the 
 legislative body, diet. 
 
 land-tax* (hyphen). 
 
 Landwehr* (Ger. f.), 
 militia. 
 
 L. & Y.R., Lancashire and 
 Yorkshire Railway. 
 
 lang., language. 
 
 langOUSte (Fr. f.), a spring 
 lobster. 
 
 langsyne*, long ago (one 
 word, not ital.). 
 
 languor/*, -ous*. 
 
 L ankester (Edwin Ray) , 
 184 7-, zoologist. 
 
 lanner/*, a female falcon ; 
 male, -et*. 
 
 lanolin*, not -ine. 
 
 Lansdown (battle of), 
 1643. 
 
 Lansdowne (Marquess 
 of). 
 
 lantern*, mo/ -thorn. 
 
 lanthanum*, symbol La 
 (no point). 
 
 lanyard*, not -iard. 
 
 Laocoon, Trojan priest, 
 pron. la-6k'o-6n. 
 
 L&o-tsze, born 604 b.c., 
 founder of Taoism (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 lap/*, -ped*, -ping*. 
 
LAP. — IiATIIT 
 
 Iiap., Lapland {see also 
 
 Lapp). 
 Lapageria (bot.). 
 lap-dog* (hyphen). 
 lapel/*, the lap over of a 
 
 coat, not -elle, lappelle ; 
 
 -led*. 
 lapereau (Fr. m.), a young 
 
 rabbit. 
 lapilli* (Lat.), pebbles. 
 lapinj (Fr. m.), rabbit ; — 
 
 au kari, curried rabbit. 
 lapis lazuli* (two words). 
 Laplace (P. S.), 1749- 
 
 1827, astr. (one word). 
 Lapland, abbr. Lap. 
 Lapp*, a native of Lap- 
 land, Lappish. 
 lappelle, use lapel*, 
 lapsable*, liable to lapse, 
 
 not -ible. 
 lapsusj* (Lat.), a slip ; — 
 
 calami*, ditto of the pen ; 
 
 — linguas*, ditto tongue; 
 
 — memorias, ditto 
 
 memory. 
 Laputan*, visionary, not 
 
 -ian (cap.), 
 larj* (Lat.), a household 
 
 god ; pi. -es*. 
 Larbert, Stirling. 
 lard (Fr. m.), bacon. 
 lardon* (Fr. m.), bacon 
 
 for larding, not -oon. 
 large - paper *, special 
 
 copies of a book, with 
 
 large margins, etc. ; also 
 
 termed edition de luxe ; 
 
 abbr. L.P. 
 largess*, a free gift, not 
 
 -esse (not ital.). 
 lariat*, rope for picketing 
 
 animals, not -iette, larriet 
 
 (not ital.). 
 larikin, use larr-*. 
 larkspur* (bot.) (one 
 
 word). 
 Lamaka, Cyprus, not 
 
 -aca, -ica. 
 La Bochefoucauld 
 
 (Pran9ois, duo de), 
 
 1613-80, Fr. writer, 
 larrikin*, Australian street 
 
 rowdy, «o/ lari-. 
 
 larv/a*,^/. -8B* (not ital.). 
 
 laryn/x* (anat. ),/>/. -ges*. 
 
 L.A.S., Lord-Advocate of 
 Scotland. 
 
 Lasalle (oomte de), 
 1 775-1.809, Fr. Gen. (one 
 word) (see also Lass-). 
 
 La Salle (A. de), 1398- 
 146 1, Fr. poet ; — (J. B. 
 de), 1651-1719 ; — 
 (K. C), 1643-87, Fr. 
 explorer (two words). 
 
 lascar*, E. Indian sailor 
 (not ital.). 
 
 Las Casas (B. de), 1474- 
 1566, "apostle of the 
 Indians." 
 
 Las Cases (E. D.), 1766- 
 1842, friend of Napoleon I. 
 
 lasbkar* (Ind.), a body of 
 Afridi soldiers. 
 
 Lasker (E.), 1868-, chess 
 player. 
 
 "Las Meninas," by Velaz- 
 quez, not -inas. 
 
 Lassa, Tibet, use Lhasa. 
 
 Lassalle (Ferdinand), 
 1825-64, German Socialist 
 (one word) (see also 
 Lasa-). 
 
 Lassell (William), 1799- 
 1880, astr. 
 
 lasso/*, -ed*, -ing*; pL 
 -S, not lazo (not ital.). 
 
 Last Supper (the) (caps.). 
 
 Lat., Latin ; lat., latitude. 
 
 Latakia*, a Turk, tobacco, 
 not -yah, Ladikieh (not 
 ital.). 
 
 later, conelative of earlier. 
 
 Lateran (St. John)*, 
 church in Rome. 
 
 lath*, a thin strip of wood. 
 
 lathe*, machine for turning. 
 
 Lathom (Earl of). 
 
 Latimer- Clark unit cell 
 (elec). 
 
 Latin, abbr. L., or Lat. ; 
 (typ.) same as English 
 without w. Accents and 
 ligatures falling into dis- 
 use ; many scholars do 
 not differentiate the letter 
 j from I, 
 911 14 * 
 
IiATIN — I..C.B. 
 
 Latin Cross, f. 
 
 iatin de cuisine (Fr.), 
 
 dog-Latin, 
 latinity* (not cap.). 
 latinize*, to make Latin, 
 
 not -ise (not cap.). 
 latitude, abbr. lat. 
 Latour (Chateau-), a 
 
 claret (hyphen). 
 Iiatreille (P. A.), 1762- 
 
 1833, Fr. naturalist (one 
 
 word). 
 latrine* (not ital.). 
 latten*, sheet metal (not 
 
 ital). 
 latter, correlative of/ferw^r. 
 Laud ("William), 1573- 
 
 1645, Abp, 
 laudator temporis acti 
 
 (Lat.), a praiser of past 
 
 times. 
 Launoeston, Cornwall. 
 lauraf*, Christ, antiq. ; pi. 
 
 -s. 
 laurel/*, -led*, not -eled. 
 Laurence/ (Friar), in 
 
 ** Romeo and Juliet " ; — 
 
 Pountney Lane, E.C. 
 
 (see also Law-). 
 Laurentian* (geol). 
 Laurier (Sir 'Wilfrid), 
 
 184 1-, Can. statesman, 
 laurustinus*, an ever- 
 green, not laures-, lauris-. 
 I^US Deo (Lat.), Praise 
 
 (be) to God. 
 lauw^ine*, an avalanche, 
 
 not law-. 
 Laveleye (baron E. L. 
 
 V. de), 1822-92, Fr. 
 
 economist. 
 I'avenir (Fr. m.), the 
 
 future. 
 laverock*, a lark, not 
 
 lavr-. 
 Lavoisier (A. L.), 1743- 
 
 94, Fr. chemist, 
 lavrovite* (mineral.), not 
 
 -offite. 
 L.A.W., League of Ameri- 
 can Wheelmen. 
 law (typ.), practically no 
 
 punctuation used in legal 
 
 documents. Copy must be 
 
 followed. Spell out all 
 figures ; law/ agent, 
 abbr.L.A.; — binding*, 
 
 — -calf*, — -sheep*, 
 binding in smooth pale 
 brown calf- or sheep-skin. 
 
 Law Courts (the) (caps., 
 no hyphen). 
 
 lawgiver* (one word). 
 
 law^ine, use lauwine *. 
 
 lawn-tennis* (hyphen). 
 
 Lawrence (St.), North 
 American river {see also 
 Lau-). 
 
 Law^s, abbr, LL. 
 
 law-sheep, see law. 
 
 Lawson (Sir Wilfrid), 
 1 829-, politician. 
 
 law-stationer* (hyphen). 
 
 lawsuit* (one word). 
 
 lay, untilled land, use leB.*. 
 
 Layard, pron. laird. 
 
 layette* (not ital.). 
 
 lazaretto/, a place for 
 quarantine (not ital.); pi. 
 -s. 
 
 Lazenby, Yorks. 
 
 Lazonby, Cumberland. 
 
 lazy- tongs* (hyphen). 
 
 iazzaronje*, one of a 
 low class at Naples, not 
 lazar- ; pi. -/*. 
 
 L.B., JBaccalaureus Liter- 
 arum (Bachelor of 
 Letters), Lectori benevolo 
 (to the kind reader), Lo- 
 cal Board ; l.b. (cricket), 
 leg-bye; lb.*, libtja, -a? 
 (pound, -s, or pound's 
 weight), not IB, lbs. (not 
 ital.) ; L.B. & S.C.R., 
 London, Brighton, and 
 South Coast Railway ; 
 lbs., not to be used for 
 pounds, but lb. for sing, 
 and pi. ; l.b.w. (cricket), 
 leg before wicket, not Ibw. 
 
 L.C., Lord Chamberlain, 
 
 — Chancellor, Lower 
 Canada, letter of credit ; 
 I.e., loco citato (in 
 the place cited), (typ.), 
 lower case, that is not 
 caps. ; L.C.B., Lord Chief 
 
I..C.C. — IiE B03Sr 
 
 Baron ; L.C.C, London 
 County Council, -lor ; 
 Xj.Ch., Licentiate in 
 Surgery ; L.C.J., Lord 
 Chief Justice ; Lo.m., 
 least common multiple ; 
 Ii.-Corp., Lance-Cor- 
 poral ; Ij.C.P,, Licentiate 
 of the College of Precep- 
 tors ; Ilcr, (Fr.), leilre de 
 credit (letter of credit). 
 Ij.D., Light Dragoons, Low 
 Dutch, (Amer.) Doctor of 
 Letters; Ld., lord; Ld., 
 Utera dominicalis (domini- 
 cal letter); L.Div., Li- 
 centiate in Divinity ; 
 Iidp., lordship ; L.D.S.*, 
 Licentiate of Dental Sur- 
 gery. 
 £E., Egyptian pounds (each 
 
 ;^i. OS. eVid. sterling). 
 lea*, untilled land, not lay, 
 
 lee, ley. 
 lead* (typ.), a thin strip of 
 metal less than type high, 
 used to separate lines 
 (O.E.D.); thick — , 24 
 to the inch ; thin — , 
 36; eight to pica — , 
 48; hair-lead, 72. Also 
 to separate the lines of 
 type by interposing leads. 
 lead, symbol Pb. 
 leaded/ matter*, -— 
 type*, having the lines 
 separated by leads. 
 leader, see leading art- 
 icle, 
 leaderette* (typ.), a short 
 editorial paragraph, print- 
 ed in the same type as 
 the leaders in a news- 
 paper (O.E.D.). 
 leader* (typ.), a group of 
 three dots placed at in- 
 tervals to guide the eye 
 
 across a page, as 
 
 in tables of contents. 
 Dashes not to be used 
 for this purpose, 
 leading* (typ.), the action 
 of placing leads between 
 lines of type (O.E.D.). 
 
 leading article*, one of 
 the longer large-type 
 articles in a newspaper, 
 appearing as the expres- 
 sion of editorial opinion 
 on any subject : a leader 
 (O.E.D.) ; (typ.) first 
 word usually indented 
 one em ; and that and 
 all names and titles in 
 s.caps. 
 
 leaf* (typ.), one of a num- 
 ber of folds (each con- 
 taining two pages) which 
 compose a book or manu- 
 script ; a folio. Hence 
 the matter printed or 
 written thereon (O.E.D.). 
 Two pages back to back. 
 
 leaflet* (typ.), a small- 
 sized leaf of paper, or a 
 sheet folded into two or 
 more leaves, containing 
 printed matter, generally 
 for gratuitous distribu- 
 tion. 
 
 leaf-mould*, not -mold 
 (hyphen). 
 
 league, abbr. 1. 
 
 Leamington, Warwick 
 {see also Lem-). 
 
 lean/*, -ed*, or-t*. 
 
 lean-face type (typ.), 
 that which has not the full 
 breadth : unusually thin or 
 narrow, as this. 
 
 leap-frog*, a game (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 leap year * (two 
 words). 
 
 learn/*, -ed*, or-t*. 
 
 least common multiple, 
 abbr. l.c.m. 
 
 leatherette*, a cloth and 
 paper imitation of lea- 
 ther. 
 
 leaves, abbr. 11. 
 
 Lebeuf (Abb6), 1687- 
 1760. 
 
 Lebewohll (Ger. n.) fare- 
 well! 
 
 le bon temps viendra 
 (Fr.), the good time will 
 come. 
 
 213 
 
liEBRUW — LENDING 
 
 Lebrun (Charles), 1619- 
 90, Fr. painter ; — 
 (C. P.)» 1739-1824, Fr. 
 politician ; — (ificou- 
 chard), 1 729-1807, Fr. 
 poet ; — (ifilisabeth 
 Vig6e), 1755-1842, Fr. 
 painter ; — (P. A.) , 1 785- 
 1873, Fr. poet (one word). 
 
 Lecocq (A. C), 1832-, 
 composer. 
 
 Lecoq (Monsieur), of Sir 
 Conan Doyle's, and Ga- 
 boriau's detective stories. 
 
 Lecouvreur (Adri- 
 
 enne), 1692-1730, act- 
 ress; double-quoted, when 
 name of the play. 
 
 leot., lecture. 
 
 lectern*, «o^ -urn. 
 
 Lectori benevolo(^Lat.), to 
 the kind reader; abbr.LJB. 
 
 lee, untilled land, use lea*. 
 
 leef, use lief*. 
 
 leeming, use lemm-*. 
 
 Leeuwenhoek (Anton 
 von), 1632-1723, micros. 
 
 left (theat.) (from actor's 
 point of view), abbr. L. 
 
 Leg., legislative, -ure. 
 
 leg., legal, legii (he, or she, 
 reads), legunt (they read, 
 pres. tense). 
 
 legalize*, not -ise. 
 
 Le Gallienne (Richard), 
 1866-, writer. 
 
 leg-bye (cricket), not -by ; 
 abbr. l.b. 
 
 legenda (Lat.), things to 
 be read. 
 
 legerdemain* (notital.). 
 
 JSgdretS (Fr. f.), frivoHty. 
 
 leger line (mus.), not led-. 
 
 leges (Lat.), laws ; abbr. 11. 
 
 Legh, famil3'name of Baron 
 Newton ; pron. lee (see 
 also Leigh). 
 
 legislat/ive, -ure, abbr. 
 
 L3g. 
 
 Legislative Assembly, 
 abbr. L.A. {see also As- 
 semblies). 
 
 /e^/^ (Lat.), he, or she, reads; 
 abbr. leg. 
 
 legitimize*, «o/-ise. 
 legs (Fr. m.), legacy; pron. 
 
 lay. ^ 
 ISgumes (Fr. m. pi.), table 
 
 vegetables. 
 legunt (Lat.), they read 
 
 (pres. tense); abbr. leg. 
 Lehigh University, 
 
 U.S.A. (one word). 
 Leibniz (G. W.), 1646- 
 
 1716, philos., not -itz. 
 Leicester, abbr. Lelcs. 
 Leigh (Baron), pron. lee 
 
 {see also Legh). 
 Leighton-Buzzard.Beds; 
 
 pron. la'tn — (hyphen). 
 Leipzig, abbr. Lpz. 
 leitmotiv*, a theme as- 
 sociated with a particular 
 
 person, situation, or senti- 
 ment (O.E.D.), not -if, 
 
 -ive. 
 le jeu ne vaut pas la 
 
 chandelle (Fr.), the 
 
 game is not worth the 
 
 candle. 
 le Juste milieu (Fr.), the 
 
 golden mean. 
 lekin, use likin*. 
 Lely (Sir Peter), 1618- 
 
 80, painter. 
 Lemaitre (Frederic), 
 
 1800-76, Fr. actor ; — 
 
 (Jules), 1853-, Fr. writer 
 
 (one word). 
 leming, use lemm- *. 
 Lemington, Northumb. 
 
 {see also Lea-), 
 lemm/a*, a title or theme; 
 
 pi. -as* (not ital.). 
 lemm/a*, husk of a fruit; 
 
 pi. -ata*. 
 lemming*, rodent, not 
 
 leeming, leming. 
 Le Moine (Sir J. M.), 
 
 1 825-, writer. 
 Lemoinne (J. E.), 1815- 
 
 92, Fr. journalist. 
 Lempri^re (John), 1765- 
 
 1824, lexicographer. 
 Lenclos (Ninon de), 
 
 1616-1706, a Fr. beauty, 
 lending library* (two 
 
 words). 
 
 214 
 
LENGTH _ LifiVY 
 
 len^h, abbr. 1. 
 
 Lennox, family name of 
 Duke of Richmond. 
 
 Lennoxtown, Stirling 
 (one word). 
 
 Lenox Library, New 
 York. 
 
 lens/*, not \ense; pi. -es*. 
 
 Lent*, from Ash Wednes- 
 day to Easter (cap."). 
 
 lentillej (Fr. f.), lentil; 
 -S (pi.), freckles. 
 
 Leominster, Hereford ; 
 pron. lem'ster. 
 
 Leonardo da Vinci, 
 1452-1519, painter, etc., 
 not Lio-; pron, — — 
 vin'chi. 
 
 leonid/ *, a meteor; pi. -es * 
 (notital.). 
 
 Lepidoptera * is pi. 
 (cap.). 
 
 leprechaun* (Ir.), a 
 pigmy, sprite, not lepra-, 
 -awn, leprechawn. 
 
 Le Queux (William), 
 1 864-, writer (two 
 words). 
 
 Lermontoff (Mikhail 
 Yurevitch), 1814-41, 
 Russ. poet. 
 
 LeRoyjle veult, the Royal 
 assent to Bills in Parlia- 
 ment ; s*avisera, 
 
 ditto dissent. 
 
 Le Sage (Alain-E,en6), 
 1668-1747, Fr. writer. 
 
 les convenances (Fr. f.), 
 the proprieties. 
 
 lese-majesty*, treason 
 (hyphen, notital.); in Fr. 
 I^se-maJestS. 
 
 leterals, use lit-*. 
 
 Lethe*, a river in Hades ; 
 pron. le'the. 
 
 let-in notes (typ.), those 
 let into the text, as dis- 
 tinct from side-notes. 
 
 rStoIIe du nord (Fr.), 
 the North Star (motto of 
 Minnesota) (I.e. n). 
 
 le tout ensemble (Fr.), 
 the general effect. 
 
 letteral, use literal*. 
 
 letter of marque, com- 
 mission to plunder at 
 sea ; pi. letters . 
 
 letter-paper* is quarto 
 size : note-paper is 8vo. 
 
 letterpress* (one word). 
 
 letters (printed) (typ.), 
 address, date, and signa- 
 ture, should be in caps, 
 and s.caps. {see also Gorve- 
 spondence). 
 
 letters of distinction, 
 as F.R.S., LL.D., etc., 
 are usually put in large 
 caps. Even s.caps. often 
 improve general effect. 
 
 letters patent*. 
 
 lettre d*avis (Fr. f.), letter 
 of advice ; abbr. //a. 
 
 lettre dej cachet (Fr. f.), 
 warrant for imprison- 
 ment ; crSditf letter 
 
 of credit ; abbr. Ijcr, ; pi. 
 lettres . 
 
 lettuce *, not -ice. 
 
 Leuckart (K. G. F. 
 Rudolf), 1822-98, zo- 
 ologist. 
 
 Leuwenhoek, use Leeu-. 
 
 Lev., Leviticus. 
 
 lev (Bulgaria), tenpence 
 Eng. ; pi. leva. 
 
 levant morocco* (bind- 
 ing), a superior quality 
 with prominent grain. 
 
 levee*, an assembly (no 
 accent, not ital.). 
 
 level/*, -led*, -ler*, 
 -ling*, not -eled, etc. 
 
 lever dej rideau (Fr. m.), 
 opening piece at theatre ; 
 
 sSance, closing of 
 
 a meeting. 
 
 Lever rier (U. J. J.), 
 1811-77, French astr.(one 
 word). 
 
 Leveson-Gower, pron. 
 loo'sn-gor. 
 
 Levingstone (Baron), 
 {see also Li-). 
 
 Leviticus, abbr. Lev. 
 
 levo-, the prefix, «5^1aBvo-*. 
 
 L6vy frdres (Michel), 
 publishers, Paris (I.e./). 
 
 215 
 
LEW — LICKERISH 
 
 Lew-chew Islands, 
 
 Japan, use Looohoo — . 
 
 Lewes, Sussex. 
 
 Lewes (George Henry), 
 1817-78, writer; — (Vi- 
 vian B.), chemist {see 
 also Lewis). 
 
 Lew^is, isle in Hebrides ; 
 pron. lewz. 
 
 Lewis (Sir G. Come- 
 wall, MO^Cornw-), 1806- 
 63, statesman, writer ; — 
 (Sir George H.), 1833-, 
 solicitor; — (J. F.), 
 1805-76, painter {see also 
 Lew^es). 
 
 lewis*, key for stone-lifting, 
 «o/lewiss, -on, louis, luis. 
 
 lex (Lat.), law ; pi. leges, 
 
 lexicog., lexicographer, -y, 
 -ical. 
 
 lexicon*, abbr. lex. (not 
 ital.). 
 
 lexj loci (Lat.), local cus- 
 tom ; — non scrlpta, 
 unwritten law; — scripts , 
 statute law ; — talionis *, 
 ' ' an eye for an eye ' ' ; 
 — terras, the law of the 
 land. 
 
 ley, untilled land, use lea*. 
 
 Leyd., Leyden. 
 
 Leys School, Camb. ; pron. 
 lees. 
 
 lez (Fr. topog.), near ; pron. 
 lay. 
 
 L.F.P.S., Licentiate of the 
 Faculty of Physicians and 
 Surgeons. 
 
 L.G. (gunpowder, leather, 
 wheat) large grain, Life 
 Guards ; L.G.iB., Local 
 Government Board ; 
 
 L.Ger., Low German ; 
 L.Gr., Low Greek. 
 
 l.h., left hand; L.H.A., 
 Lord High Admiral. 
 
 Lhasa, Tibet, noi -ssa, 
 
 L.H.C.*, Lord High Chan- 
 cellor ; L.H.D., Liter- 
 arum Hu mamorum Doctor 
 (untranslatable, approx. 
 Doctor of the morehumane 
 
 letters) ; L.H.T., Lord 
 High Treasurer. 
 
 L.I., (Amer.) Licentiate of 
 Instruction, Light In- 
 fantry, Long Island 
 (U.S.A.). 
 
 Li (chem.), lithium. 
 
 liaison*, illicit connexion; 
 joining of words ; (Fr. 
 cook, f.), a thickening for 
 sauces, etc. (ital.). 
 
 Ilantj (Fr.), /em. -e, flex- 
 ible, complying. 
 
 lib./, librarian, library ; — 
 cat., library catalogue. 
 
 lib., liber (a book). 
 
 libel/*, -led*, -ler*, -ling*, 
 -lous*, not -ele-, etc. 
 
 //Z>er(Lat.), a book; abbr. 
 L., or lib. 
 
 Liberal/, abbr. L. ; — 
 Unionist, abbr. L.U. 
 (caps., no hyphen). 
 
 liberalize*, etc., «o^ -ise. 
 
 librla *, pound, pi. -as; abbr. 
 L., £, 1., lb., not IB, 
 lbs. {see also L., or £). 
 
 librairje (Fr. m.), book- 
 seller ; -ie (f.), book- 
 seller's shop. 
 
 librar/ian, -y; abbr. lib. 
 
 library, in Fr. f. biblio- 
 thhque. 
 
 librett/o* (It.), words of an 
 opera,etc.;/>/.-i*(notital.). 
 
 libris (ex-)*, from the 
 library of; a book-plate 
 (hyphen, not ital.). 
 
 librlo (It.), a book ; pi. -A 
 
 Libya, Africa. 
 
 licence* (noun), a permit. 
 
 licens/e* (verb), to author- 
 ize ; -ing *. 
 
 licensed victualler*. 
 
 licentiate, abbr. L. 
 
 licet (Lat.), legal ; it is 
 allowed. 
 
 lichee, use litchi^. 
 
 Lichfield, Staffs {see also 
 Litch-). 
 
 lich-gate*, notly-. 
 
 lichi, use litohi*. 
 
 lickerish *, desirous, 
 
 greedy J 6m/ liquorice. 
 
 ai6 
 
UCK — lillSDSEY 
 
 Ijick Observatory, Cali- 
 fornia. 
 
 licorice, use liquor- *. 
 
 Lie (J. L. E.), 1833-, 
 Norw. writer; pron. lee. 
 
 Liebfraumilch, a hock ; 
 in Ger. Iiiebfrauen-. 
 
 liiebig (Justus, baron 
 von), 1803-73, chemist. 
 
 Lied\ (Ger. n.), a song ; pi. 
 -er. 
 
 lief*, willingly, not leef^ 
 lieve. 
 
 Iii^ge, Belgium, not Lie-. 
 
 Uegende Scbrift (Ger. 
 typ. f.), italic type, use 
 Kursivschrlft, 
 
 lies (Ger.), read ; abbr. 1. 
 
 lieu*,— in lieu of— (not 
 ital.). 
 
 Ilea (Fr. m.), place, 
 
 lieue (Fr. f.), league. 
 
 Lieutenant/, abbr. Lt., or 
 
 Lieut. ; Colonel*, 
 
 abbr. Lt.-, or Lieut. - 
 
 Col. ; Commander* 
 
 (U.S.) ; — -General, 
 abbr. Lt.-, or Lieut. - 
 
 Gen. ; Governor*, 
 
 abbr. Lt.-, or Lieut.- 
 Gov. (hyphens). 
 
 lihvre (Fr. m.), hare. 
 
 life-assurance*, not — 
 insurance {see also as- 
 surance). 
 
 life/-boat*, guard*, 
 
 like* (hyphens). 
 
 lifelong* (one word). 
 
 life-size* (hyphen). 
 
 lifetime * (one word). 
 
 LifTord (Viscount). 
 
 ligature* (typ.), two or 
 more letters joined to- 
 gether and forming one 
 character or type, as x, 
 ffi ; a monogram ; also a 
 stroke connecting two 
 letters (O.E.D.) {see also 
 SB [ligature]). 
 
 lighthouse* (one word). 
 
 Light Infantry, abbr. 
 L.I., orLt. Inf. 
 
 lightning (naut.), abbr. 1. 
 
 lightship* (one word). 
 
 ngne\ (Fr. f.), a line; — 
 de tete (typ.), the run- 
 ning title. 
 
 Li Hung- Chang, 1823- 
 1901, Chinese statesman 
 (one hyphen). 
 
 likeable*, notlika-. 
 
 likln* {Chin.), transit duty, 
 not le-. 
 
 Lilford (Baron). 
 
 Liliput/, -ian, ws^Lilli- *. 
 
 lillibullero *, a song re- 
 frain, not the many varia- 
 tions (not ital.). 
 
 Lilliput/*, -ian*, not Lili- 
 (not ital.). 
 
 Lilly (W.), 1602-81, as- 
 trol. ; — (W. S.), 1840-, 
 writer. 
 
 Lily (W.), 1468-1522, 
 gram. 
 
 lily of the valley* (no 
 hyphen). 
 
 limande (Fr. f.), the dab- 
 fish. 
 
 limbo/*, pi. -s (not ital.). 
 
 Jlmbusj fatuorum (Lat,), 
 a fool's paradise ; — in- 
 fantum*, the paradise 
 of infants ; — patrum*, 
 ditto of the fathers; — 
 pJ/eromin,the children's 
 paradise. 
 
 lime-kiln* (hyphen). 
 
 limelight* (one word). 
 
 limestone* (one word). 
 
 Limited, abbr. Ltd. 
 
 limy*, lime-like, not -ey. 
 
 lin., lineal, -ear. 
 
 linable *, not -eable. 
 
 linament, use lini-*. 
 
 Lincei (Reale Accade- 
 mia dei, also Accade- 
 mia Romana dei 
 Nuovi-), the Academy of 
 Rome. 
 
 Lincolnshire,abbr.Lincs 
 (no point). 
 
 Lindl. (bot), Lindley. 
 
 Lindsay (Earl of), fam- 
 ily name Bethune ; — 
 (Sir Coutts), 1824-. 
 
 Lindsey (Earl of), family 
 name Bertie. 
 
 217 
 
LINE — LITERA 
 
 line, abbr. 1. ; pi. 11. ; liny, 
 not -ey. 
 
 line/al, -ar, abbr. lin. 
 
 lineament *, a feature {see 
 also lini- *). 
 
 linear paper, that with 
 water-mark lines to guide 
 handwriting. 
 
 line block (tj^p.), one in 
 which the various tones 
 are represented by lines. 
 
 linendraper/, -y* (one 
 word). 
 
 line-processblock (typ. ) , 
 a direct photo relief 
 printing block in which 
 the image is formed by 
 lines. 
 
 lingerie^ (Fr. f.), linen 
 goods (ital.). 
 
 Lingg (Hermann), 1 820-, 
 Ger. poet. 
 
 lingua franca*, a mixed 
 jargon (not ital.). 
 
 liniment *, an embroca- 
 tion, not lina- {see also 
 linea-*). 
 
 lining paper* (binding), 
 that inside the cover. 
 
 link, abbr. 1. 
 
 Ijinn/aBan*,abbr.Ijinn.; but 
 -ean Society, London 
 (off. spelling); abbr. L.S. 
 
 LinnsBUs (Carolus), 
 1707-78, naturalist ; in 
 Sw. Carl von Linn^; 
 abbr. L., or Linn. 
 
 linotype * (typ.), a machine 
 for casting lines or bars 
 of words, etc., as a sub- 
 stitute for type-setting by 
 hand. 
 
 linsey-woolsey*, a fabric, 
 not linsy-, -wolsey. 
 
 liny*, full of lines, not-ey. 
 
 Lionardo da Vinci {see 
 Le-). 
 
 lionize*, not -ise. 
 
 Lions (Gulf of), in Fr. 
 golfe du Lion, not Lion, 
 Lyon, -s. 
 
 Lippi (Era Filippo), 
 1412-69; — (Filippino), 
 1460-1504, It. painters. 
 
 lipsalve* (one word). 
 
 liq., liquid, liquor. 
 
 lique/faction*, -fiable*, 
 -fy*, not liqui-. 
 
 liqueur * (not ital.). 
 
 liquid, abbr. liq. 
 
 liquidambar *, not -er 
 (one word, not ital.). 
 
 liquor on draught, not 
 draft. 
 
 liquorice*, not lie-. 
 
 liquorish,desirous,greedy, 
 use licker- *. 
 
 lir/a*, It. coin about ten- 
 pence Eng. ;/>/. -e*, abbr. 
 L. 
 
 Lisle (Baron), /)roM. lei {see 
 also De Lisle). 
 
 lisse* (Fr. f.), a silk 
 fabric. 
 
 lissom *, supple, not -e. 
 
 List (Friedrich), 1789- 
 1846, Ger. economist. 
 
 listen yor what we expect ; 
 — to what we hear. 
 
 Liszt (Abb6 Franz), 
 181 1-86, pianist. 
 
 lit., litre, literal, -ly, liter- 
 ary, literature. 
 
 Litchfield, Hants, also 
 Connecticut, U.S.A. {see 
 also Lich-). 
 
 litchi*, wo/ the many varia- 
 tions (not ital.). 
 
 Lit.D. Literarum Doctor 
 (Doctor of Letters) {see 
 also D.Lit., Litt.D.). 
 
 lite pendente (Lat.), dur- 
 ing the trial. 
 
 liter/al, -ally, -ary, 
 -ature ; abbr. lit. 
 
 literalize*, etc., to render 
 literal, not -ise. 
 
 literal* (typ.), a literal 
 error : those of the com- 
 positor in substituting 
 one character for another, 
 including ''turns," 
 
 "wrong founts," and 
 defective types ; not le-, 
 lett-. 
 
 litera scripts manet 
 (Lat.), the written word 
 remains. 
 
 ai8 
 
LITERATI — IiIj.B. 
 
 Ilteratji*, the learned as 
 a class; sing. -O*, not 
 -us, litt-. 
 
 literatim* (Lat), letter 
 for letter. 
 
 literature, in Fr. f. littS- 
 rature, in Ger. f. Litte- 
 ratur, 
 
 Lith., Lithuanian. 
 
 lithium*, symbol Li. 
 
 lithography*, printing 
 from smooth porous stone; 
 abbr. litho. 
 
 lithotype*, stereo made 
 with composition pressed 
 while hot into a plaster 
 mould taken from type. 
 
 Lit.Hum., Litene Human- 
 tores. 
 
 litigious*. 
 
 LitolflF (Henry), music 
 publisher, Paris. 
 
 litre*, '22 gal., or i"]6 pint, 
 not -er ; abbr. 1., or lit. 
 (not ital.). 
 
 Litt.D., Literarum Doctor 
 (Doctor of Letters, 
 Camb.), «o^D.Lit. (Doctor 
 of Literature) {see also 
 Lit.D.). 
 
 littirateur* (Fr.m.),aliter- 
 ary man. 
 
 mterati, use lite-*. 
 
 Litteratur (Ger. f.), litera- 
 ture (cap.). 
 
 littSrature (Fr. f.), litera- 
 ture. 
 
 Little-go*, f'The Previous 
 Examination" at Cam- 
 bridge (cap., hyphen, not 
 ital.). 
 
 Littlehampton, Sussex 
 (one word). 
 
 Little Peddlington, ima- 
 ginary place (two rf's). 
 
 Littleton, family name of 
 Baron Hatherton (see also 
 Lj^telton). 
 
 Littletown, Dur, Yorks 
 (one word). 
 
 Littr6 (M. P. E.), 1801- 
 81, Fr. lexicog. 
 
 liturg., liturgies, -ical, 
 
 -y- 
 
 Liukiu, use Loochoo. 
 
 iiv. (Fr.), livre (m. book, 
 f. pound). 
 
 liveable *, not liva-. 
 
 Liver/politan, -pud- 
 lian*, inhab. of Liver- 
 pool. 
 
 live stock* (two words). 
 
 Livingston, well-known 
 Amer. family. 
 
 Livingstone (David), 
 1813-73, traveller {see also 
 Le-). 
 
 livraisott* (Fr. f.), a part 
 of a work published by 
 instalments. 
 
 livre (Fr. m.), book; (f.) 
 pound; abbr. L., or 
 Iiv, 
 
 Iiv. St. (Fr.), livre sterling 
 (pound sterling). 
 
 L. J., Lord Justice ; L. JJ., 
 Lords Justices. 
 
 L.K.Q.C.P.I., Licentiate 
 of the King and Queen's 
 College of Physicians, 
 Ireland. 
 
 LL.*, of laws; L.L., late-, 
 law-, or Low-, Latin, 
 Lord-Lieutenant, -s. 
 
 11., leaves, lines, leges 
 (laws) ; (typ.) this abbr. 
 not to end a line. 
 
 -11 (words ending in), fol- 
 lowed by -ful, -ly, -ness, 
 usually omit one /. 
 
 L.L.A., Lady Literate in 
 Arts (St. Andrews Uni- 
 versity). 
 
 LL.AA.II. (Fr. f.), Leurs 
 Altesses Imperiales (Their 
 Imperial Highnesses) ; 
 LL.AA.B,Il., Leurs 
 
 Altesses Roy ales (Their 
 Royal Highnesses). 
 
 llama*, S.Amer. rumi- 
 nant, not la- {see also 
 lama). 
 
 Llandeilo Group (geol.) 
 (caps.). 
 
 llano*, S.Amer. plains. 
 
 LL.B.* (Lat.), Legum 
 Baccalaureus (Bachelor 
 of Laws) (two points 
 
 ai9 
 
I.II.D. — LOCUS 
 
 only) ; LL.D.*, Legutn 
 Doctor (Doctor of Laws) 
 (two points only) ; 
 IjIi.ee. (Fr. f.), Leurs 
 Excellences (Their Excel- 
 lencies); IjL.:6:fi. (Fr. f.), 
 Leurs Eminences (Their 
 Eminences). . 
 
 Llewelyn, Welsh name, 
 not -ellyn, ellynn. 
 
 L.L.I., Lord-Lieutenant of 
 Ireland; L.LL. (Amen), 
 Licentiate in Laws ; 
 LL.M., Legutn Magister 
 (Master of Laws) ; 
 LL.MM. (Fr.), Leurs 
 Majestes (Their Majes- 
 ties). 
 
 Lloyd (Norddeutscher), 
 the North-German Lloyd 
 Steamship Co. (two 
 words) ; abbr. N.D.L. 
 
 Lloyds, the bankers (no 
 apos.). 
 
 Lloyd's/, the association of 
 underwriters, not -s' ; — 
 marks, in order of merit, 
 for wooden ships, Al, 
 Al (in red), J&y and E; 
 for iron or steel, 100 Al, 
 90 A 1, 80 A 1 {see also 
 Loyd). 
 
 L.M. (Amer.), Licentiate 
 in Medicine, ditto in Mid- 
 wifery; long metre; LM. 
 (Ger.), laufenden Monats 
 (of the current month) ; 
 L.M.D., long metre 
 double ; L.M.S., Lon- 
 don Missionary Society. 
 
 Ln (electricity), the legal 
 ohm. 
 
 loadstar, use lodestar* 
 (one word). 
 
 loadstone *, not lode- (one 
 word). 
 
 load - water - line * (hy- 
 phens) ; abbr. L.W.L. 
 
 Loanda, W. Afr., not St. 
 Paul de — . 
 
 loath*, averse, not loth. 
 
 loathe *, to hate. 
 
 Lobanof (Prince), not 
 -off. 
 
 «*Lobgesang,** song of 
 praise by Mendelssohn, 
 1846. 
 
 lobscouse*, a sailor's dish. 
 
 lob-worm* (hyphen). 
 
 local (Fr. m.), a place, 
 premises. 
 
 locale, erron. for local* 
 (O.E.D.). 
 
 localise*, «o/-ise. 
 
 located, placed or situated 
 preferred. 
 
 loc. cit., loco citato (in the 
 place cited) (not ital.). 
 
 loch, Scotch lake, not -ck. 
 
 Lochalsh, Ross; Lochow 
 (it's a far cry to) ; Loch 
 Aw^e, Argyl ; Loch- 
 earnhead, Perth ; 
 
 Lochgilphead, Argyl; 
 Lochleven, Kinross ; 
 Lochnagar, mountain 
 in Aberdeen (one word). 
 
 Lock/e(John), 1632-1704, 
 philos. ; -ian*, «o/ -ean. 
 
 lock-jaw* (hyphen). 
 
 lock-out*, employers' 
 
 strike ; pi. look-OUts * 
 (hyphen). 
 
 locksmith* (one word). 
 
 lock-up* (hyphen). 
 
 Lockwood (Crosby) & 
 Son, publishers, London. 
 
 loco*, locomotive, 
 
 locol (Lat.), in the place ; — 
 citato, ditto cited, abbr. 
 I.e. , or loc. cit. (not ital.) ; 
 — laudato, ditto cited 
 with approval, abbr. loc. 
 laud. ; — supra citato, 
 in the place before cited, 
 abbr. l.s.c. (not ital.). 
 
 locum/-tenency * (hy- 
 phen) ; — tenens*, a 
 substitute,//. — tenentes 
 (not ital.). 
 
 locjus (Lat.), a written pas- 
 sage,a curve, ^/. -// locusj 
 cltatus, the passage 
 quoted ; — classlCUS *, 
 an authoritative passage 
 from a standard book, pi. 
 loci classlcl; — com- 
 munis* ^ a common- 
 
IiOCirS — LOQUITUR 
 
 place ; locus delicti , the 
 
 place of a crime ; — 
 in quo*, the place in 
 which ; — pwnitentias*, 
 a place of repentance ; 
 — sigiili, the place of 
 the seal, abbr. L.S. ; — 
 standi, recognized posi- 
 tion, (law) right to appear. 
 
 lodestar*, not load-. 
 
 lodestone, use load- *. 
 
 lodg/e*, -eable*, -ment, 
 -ing*. 
 
 lodging-house * (hy- 
 
 phen). 
 
 loess *(geol.),«o/Ioess,10ss. 
 
 Lofoten Isles, Norway, 
 not -den, -ffoden. 
 
 log., logarithm. 
 
 logan-stone*, wo/loggan-, 
 logging-. 
 
 Logau (Friedrich von), 
 1604-55, Ger. poet. 
 
 log-book* (hyphen). 
 
 loge*, a theatre stall (not 
 ital.) 
 
 loggia/* (It.), a gallery; pi. 
 -S*. 
 
 logijon*, a religious maxim ; 
 pi. -a* 
 
 logomachize, not -ise. 
 
 logotype* (typ.), several 
 letters, or a word, cast 
 on one body, as "Co.," 
 "Road," for printing a 
 directory, etc. 
 
 log-roll/*, -er*, -ing* 
 (hyphens). 
 
 Loire, Fr. river, also dep. ; 
 
 Haute , dep. ; Loire- 
 
 Inf6rieure, dep. 
 
 Loir-et-Cher, Fr. d^p. 
 
 lollipop*, a sweetmeat, not 
 lolly-. 
 
 Lombroso (Cesare), 
 1836-, criminologist. 
 
 London., sig. of present 
 Bp. of London, not -in. 
 (full point). 
 
 London/, abbr. L., or 
 Lond. ; — Apprentice, 
 town in Cornwall ; — 
 County Council/, -lor, 
 abbr. L.C.C. 
 
 long., longitude, 
 longe, use lu- *. 
 longe (Fr, cook, f.), loin. 
 longeval*, «o/-aeval. 
 Longfellow (Henry 
 
 "Wadsworth, 
 
 not 
 
 Words-), 1807-82, poet. 
 
 Longford (Earl of). 
 
 long-hand*, ordinary 
 
 handwriting (hyphen). 
 
 Long Island, U.S.A.; 
 abbr. L.I. 
 
 longitude, abbr. long. 
 
 long/ letter (typ.), a, i, 
 etc. ; — mark*, that placed 
 over the long letter : the 
 macron. 
 
 Longmynd Group (geol.) 
 (caps.). 
 
 longo intervallo (Lat.), 
 at a long interval. ' 
 
 long page (typ.), one 
 having a line or lines 
 more than its companion 
 pages. 
 
 long primer (typ.), a size 
 of type as this, 7^ Hnes 
 to the inch, gJ4 point, 
 J>ron. — primer {two 
 words) ; abbr. l.p. 
 
 long run (in the)* (two 
 words). 
 
 Longships, lighthouse off 
 Cornwall. 
 
 long-shore*, but long- 
 shoreman* (no apos.). 
 
 long vowel (typ.% d, e, etc. 
 
 long/ways*, -wise* (one 
 word). 
 
 Loochoo Islands, Japan 
 (one word); not Lew- 
 Chew, Liukiu, Riukiu. 
 
 looking-glass* (hyphen). 
 
 look/ out*, pi. — outs* 
 (two words). 
 
 loophole* (one word). 
 
 loosestrife * (bot.) (one 
 word). 
 
 loping*, with long strides, 
 not lope-. 
 
 lop-sided* (hyphen). 
 
 loquitur (Lat.), he, or she, 
 speaks; abbr. loq. 
 
IiORALAI — liPZ. 
 
 Iioralai, near Quetta {see 
 also Lorelei). 
 
 lord, abbr. Ld. 
 
 Iiord/- Advocate of Scot- 
 land, abbr. L.A.S. ; — 
 Chamberlain, — Chan - 
 cellor, abbr. L.C. ; — 
 Chief Baron, abbr. 
 L.C.B. ; — Chief Jus- 
 tice, abbr. L.C.J. ; — 
 Justice*, abbr. L.J., pi. 
 L. JJ.; — Lieutenant*, 
 
 pi, s* (hyphen), abbr. 
 
 L.L.; — Mayor* (two 
 words, caps.); — of hosts, 
 — of lords, as Deity (one 
 cap.); — Privy Seal, 
 abbr. L.P.S. ; — Pro- 
 vost, abbr. L.P. 
 
 Lord's Cricket Ground, 
 London (apos.). 
 
 Lord's Day (caps.). 
 
 lordship, abbr. Ldp. 
 
 Lord's/ Prayer, — Sup- 
 per, — Table (caps.). 
 
 Lorelei, on Rhine, not -ey, 
 Lurlei {see also Loralai). 
 
 Lorenzo, see Louren90. 
 
 Loreto, Peru. 
 
 Lor/etto, N.E. ItaXy^ proper- 
 ly -eto ; also Sc. school. 
 
 lorgnette * (Fr. f.), opera- 
 glass, or pair of eye- 
 glasses with long handle. 
 
 loris*, the Ceylon sloth, not 
 lori, lory. 
 
 lorry*, a wagon, not lu-. 
 
 lory*, one of the parrots. 
 
 Los Angeles, California. 
 
 loss (geol.), «5^ loess*. 
 
 lota*, Hindu brass water- 
 pot, not lotah, -oote, loto. 
 
 Lot-et- Garonne, dep. Fr, 
 
 loth, averse, use loath*. 
 
 Loti (Pierre), pen-name 
 of Julien Viaud, 1850-, 
 Fr. writer. 
 
 loto, use lota*. 
 
 lotus-eater*, not lotos-. 
 
 Lou., erroneous for La. 
 (Louisiana). 
 
 Loudoun (Earl of). 
 
 Louisiana, U.S.A. ; off. 
 abbr. La. 
 
 Louis Philippe, 1773- 
 1850, Fr, king. 
 
 Louis/-Quatorze*, 1643- 
 17 15; — Q,uinze*,i7i5- 
 74; — -Seize*, 1774-93; 
 — -Treize*, 1610-43 
 (Louis XIV, XV, XVI, 
 XIII), art styles (hyphens). 
 
 loukoum (Gr., Turk.), 
 national sweetmeat. 
 
 loung/e*, -ing. 
 
 lour*, to frown, not lower. 
 
 Louren90 Marques, S.E. 
 Afr., not Lorenzo — . 
 
 louver*, shutters, venti- 
 lators, not -re. 
 
 lovable*, ko/ -cable. 
 
 "Love's Labour's 
 
 Lost," Shakespeare, 
 1598 (two apos.). 
 
 Low Church*, Low- 
 Churchman (caps., hy- 
 phen). 
 
 Low (Sampson), Mars- 
 ton, & Co., publishers, 
 London. 
 
 Lowe (Robert), 181 1-92, 
 Viscount Sherbrooke ; — 
 (Sir Hudson), 1769- 
 1844, custodian of Napo- 
 leon at St. Helena. 
 
 lower, to frown, use lour*. 
 
 lower-case letters (typ.), 
 the small ones, as a b c, 
 not caps., or s.caps. ; abbr. 
 I.e. (S^^ a/50 capitaliza- 
 tion.) 
 
 Low Sunday*, first after 
 Easter (caps.). 
 
 low water* (two words). 
 
 low-water mark (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 Loyd (Lady Mary), 
 writer(s^^a/5oLloyd/,-s). 
 
 Loyson (Charles), 1827-, 
 "Pere Hyacinthe." 
 
 L.P., large-paper copies of 
 a book. Lord Provost, 
 (paper) large post; l.p., 
 low pressure, (typ.) long 
 primer type ; L.P.M., 
 long peculiar metre ; 
 L.P.S., Lord Privy Seal ; 
 Lpz., Leipzig. 
 
 aaa 
 
II.B.C. — liYAIiL 
 
 Tj.Ti.C, Labour Represen- 
 tation Committee, Lon- 
 don Rowing Club ; 
 Ii.R.C.P., Licentiate of 
 the Royal College of Phy- 
 sicians ; L.R.C.P.E., 
 ditto of Edinburgh ; 
 Ii.R.C.P.I., ditto of 
 Ireland; L.R.C.S., 
 Licentiate of the Royal 
 College of Surgeons ; 
 I1.II.C.S.E., ditto of 
 Edinburgh ; L.R.C.S.I., 
 ditto of Ireland; 
 
 I1.II.C.V.S., Licentiate 
 of the Royal College of 
 Veterinary Surgeons. 
 
 Ij.S., Linnean Society, 
 locus sigilli (the place 
 of the seal) ; Ls., left 
 side ; L.S.A., Licentiate 
 of the Society of Apothe- 
 caries ; L.S.B., London 
 School Board; L.S.C, 
 London Society of Com- 
 positors ; Ls.c, loco 
 supra citato (in the place 
 before cited); L.S.D.*, 
 lihrx, solidi, denarii 
 (pounds, shillings, and 
 pence) ; £ s. d. (typ.) 
 see punctuation, XXI, 
 3. 
 
 Ij.T., Lira Turca (Turk, 
 pound) ; Lt., Lieutenant; 
 Ii.T. & S.R., London, Til- 
 bury, and Southend Rail- 
 way ; Lt.-Col., Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel ; Ltd., 
 Limited ; Lt.-Qen., Lieu- 
 tenant-General ; L.Th., 
 Licentiate of Theology 
 (Durham); Lt.Inf., Light 
 Infantry. 
 
 (Ii.tJ.), Liberal Unionist. 
 
 Lucan*, of St. Luke, not 
 Luk-. 
 
 Lucerne, in German 
 Luzem. 
 
 lucerne*, a plant, not 
 -em. 
 
 "Lucile," by Lytton, 
 i860, not -lie. 
 
 Lucknow, Oudh, India. 
 
 lacus a not! lacendo 
 
 (Lat.), approx. inconse- 
 quent or illogical. 
 Luggnagg, island in 
 
 *' Gulliver's Travels." 
 lug-sail* (hyphen). 
 luis, use lew^is *. 
 Luke (New T.), not to be 
 
 abbreviated ; adj. Lucan, 
 
 not Luk-. 
 lukewarm/*, -ness*, 
 
 tepid (one word). 
 lumbar* (anat.), of the 
 
 loins. 
 lum\en* (anat.), an open- 
 ing; pi -ina"^. 
 lumine sicco {in) (Lat.), 
 
 disinterestedly, 
 lunch.*, "a more colloq. 
 
 synonym of luncheon. 
 
 Now the usual word, 
 
 except in specially formal 
 
 use " (O.E.D.). 
 lunge*, long rope for 
 
 exercising horses, not I0-, 
 lupine* (bot), «o/-in. 
 Lurlei, use Lorelei, 
 «*Lusiad (The)," by 
 
 Camoens, 1572. 
 Lusitania, Portugal. 
 lustrjum *, a five-year 
 
 period ; pi. -a *. 
 lusus naturae* (Lat.), a 
 
 freak of nature ; pi. same. 
 Luth., Lutheran, 
 luxe (Edition de)* (Fr.), 
 
 a sumptuous edition (not 
 
 ital.) ; train de luxe*, 
 
 luxurious railway train. 
 Luxembourg, Gardens 
 
 and Palace, Paris. 
 Luxemburg, Belgium, 
 
 also Grand Duchy of — . 
 Luzern, German for 
 
 Lucerne. 
 L.V. (elec), legal volt. 
 L."W.L., load-water-line. 
 L.W.O.S.T., Low Water 
 
 Ordinary Spring Tides. 
 LXX*, the Septuagint, 
 
 seventy (no points). 
 Lyall (Sir Alfred C), 
 
 1835-, writer ; — (Edna), 
 
 pen-name of Miss A. E. 
 
 323 
 
liYALL — Ii.-ZUa 
 
 Bayly, 1858-1902 ; Lyall 
 (W. R., Dean), 1788- 
 1857, writer {s£e also 
 Lyell). 
 
 Iyc6e* (Fr. m.), higher 
 secondary school. 
 
 lyehee, ws^litchi*. 
 
 lych-gate, use lich *. 
 
 lyddite *, an explosive 
 (two fl?'s). 
 
 Lyell (Sir Charles), 
 1 797- 1 875, geologist {see 
 also Lyall). 
 
 lying-in*, childbed (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 Lyly (John), 1554-1606, 
 the Euphuist. 
 
 lynch law *, not-'s, Linch's 
 (two w^ords). 
 
 Lynds/ay, -ey, see Li-. 
 
 Ijnix/*,/'/. -es*. 
 
 Lyon King-of-Arms*, 
 
 chief Scottish herald. 
 Lyonnais (Credit), Fr. 
 
 banking corporation. 
 Lyons, in Fr. Lyon (see 
 
 also Lions), 
 lyr., lyric. 
 
 lysin * (chem.), not -ine. 
 Lyte (Henry F.), 1793- 
 
 1847, hymn-w^riter ; — 
 
 (Sir H. C. Maxwell-), 
 
 1 848-, writer. 
 Lyttelton, family name of 
 
 Viscount Cobham, also 
 
 town in New Zealand (see 
 
 also Littleton). 
 Lyveden (Baron), pron. 
 
 llv'dn. 
 L.'Zug (Ger. m.), Luxus- 
 
 Zug (a luxurious railway 
 
 train). 
 
 324 
 
Ii NOTES 
 
 aas 15 
 
Ii NOTES 
 
 2fl5 
 
M. — MAOQILLICTTDDT'S 
 
 M 
 
 M., Majesty, Marquess, 
 member, middle, militia, 
 Monday, the twelfth in 
 a series, all proper names 
 with this initial, (Fr.) 
 main (hand), mille (a 
 thousand). Monsieur j 
 
 ( Ger. ) mark — about a shil- 
 ling, (It.) mano (hand), 
 messjo, -a(half), (Lat. ) tna- 
 gister (master), medicinae, 
 (of medicine), metro- 
 nome, (paper) medium 
 quality. 
 
 M, looo (no point). 
 
 M*, see Mac. 
 
 m., male, married, mas- 
 culine, meridian, -ional, 
 metre, -s, mile, -s, mill, 
 minute, -s, month, -s, 
 moon, (Lat.) nteridies 
 (noon), (mech.) mass, 
 (naut.) mist. 
 
 tn\ (Fr.), ntois (month). 
 
 TT\, minim (drop). 
 
 /* (Gr. m.), micromillimetre 
 (the millionth of a milli- 
 metre), micron (ditto 
 metre), (math.) modu- 
 lus, (phys.) symbol 
 for magnetic permea- 
 bility. 
 
 M.A., Magister Artium 
 (Master of Arts), Military 
 Academy. 
 
 ma (It.), but. 
 
 ma. (elec), milliampere. 
 
 m/a (book-keeping), my 
 account. 
 
 ma'am, see m.adam. 
 
 Maartens (Maarten), 
 pen-name of van der 
 Poorten Schwartz, 1858-, 
 Dutch writer. 
 
 Maastricht, not Maes-. 
 
 M.A.B., Metropolitan 
 
 Asylums Board. 
 
 M.A.B.Y.S., Metropolitan 
 
 Association for Befriend- 
 ing Young Servants. 
 
 Mac (the prefix), spelling 
 depends upon custom of 
 the one bearing the name, 
 and this must be fol- 
 lowed, as: — MacDonald, 
 Macdonald, McDonald, 
 M'=Donald, M'Donald. 
 (The turned comma is 
 usual here, not the apos.) 
 In alphabetical arrange- 
 ment it should, however 
 spelt, be placed under Mac. 
 
 macabre {danse) (Fr. f.), 
 not macaber, machabree. 
 
 m.acaeo*, a monkej"^, not 
 -acco, -auco. 
 
 m.acadamize*,Mo/-ise (not 
 cap.). 
 
 macarism.*, blessing, not 
 mak-. 
 
 maoarori/i*, «o/macc-; pi. 
 -ies*. 
 
 maca'W*, a parrot, not 
 macao, maccaw. 
 
 Mace. (1, 2), Maccabees 
 I, II. 
 
 Maccabean, of the Macca- 
 bees, not -baean. 
 
 McCall (R. A.), 1849-, 
 barrister {not W-), 
 
 Macchiavelli, use 
 
 Mach-. 
 
 maccoboy*,ascented snuff, 
 not the many varia- 
 tions. 
 
 Maccoll (Canon Mal- 
 colm), 1 838-, writer. 
 
 Macculloch (J.), 1773- 
 1835, geologist. 
 
 M*Culloch (J. R.), 
 1 789-1864, econ. 
 
 Maced., Macedonian. 
 
 macedoine (Fr. cook, f.), 
 mixed fruit. 
 
 Macgilliouddy's Reeks, 
 mountains in Kerry. 
 227 15 * 
 
MACGREaOR — MAESTRICHT 
 
 MacGregor, fam. name of 
 
 Rob Roy. 
 machairodus*, sabre- 
 toothed lion, not machae-. 
 ma chhre (Fr. f.), my 
 
 dear. 
 Machiavell/i (Nicol6), 
 
 1469-1527, Italian writer, 
 
 not Macch- ; -ism*, not 
 
 -ianism. 
 machitia (Lat.), a machine; 
 
 pron. ma'kj-na. 
 machineful*, not -full, 
 machinize *, etc., not -ise. 
 Machpelah, burial-place 
 
 of Abraham, not Macp-. 
 macintosh, a waterproof, 
 
 but m.ack-*. 
 McKinley (William), 
 
 1843-1901, Amer. Pres. 
 
 1896-1901. 
 maokle* (typ.), blurred 
 
 from defective printing, 
 
 not made, macule (see also 
 
 made). 
 Maclaren (Ian), pen- 
 name of Rev. Dr. John 
 
 Watson, 1850-, writer. 
 made* (mineral.) {see also 
 
 mackle). 
 Madean (Very Rev. 
 
 A. J.), T858-, writer; 
 
 pron. mak-lan''. 
 Macleane (Rev. D.), 
 
 1 856-, writer; pron. 
 
 mak-lan'. 
 MacLehose & Sons, pub- 
 lishers, Glasgow ; pron. 
 
 mak'le-hoz. 
 Madeod,MacIjeod,/)ro«. 
 
 mak-loud'. 
 MacMahon (M. E. P. 
 
 M. de), 1808-93, Fr. 
 
 President 1873-9; — 
 
 (Major P. A.), 1854-, 
 
 mathematician. 
 Macmillan & Co., Ltd., 
 
 publishers, London, not 
 
 M«-. 
 Macon, Georgia, U.S.A. 
 M&con, dep. Saone-et- 
 
 Loire ; also a Burgundy, 
 
 not -fon. 
 macram6* lace, not -mi. 
 
 macrocosm*, the great 
 
 world (see also mi-), 
 macron*, the long mark 
 
 over a vowel, as a. 
 miacroscopic*, visible to 
 
 the naked eye. 
 macrurous* (zool.), long- 
 tailed, not macrourous. 
 Macsycophant (Sir 
 
 Pertinax), in Macklin's 
 
 " Man of the World." 
 macuija* (Lat.), a spot; pi. 
 
 -«*. 
 macule, use mackle*. 
 madam*, pi. -s, abbr. 
 
 Mad. ; coUoq. abbr. *m, 
 
 ma*am, marm, m*m, 
 
 mum. 
 Madame*, abbr. Mme,Mo/ 
 
 Mdme ; pi. Mesdames*, 
 
 abbr. Mmes (in Fr. no 
 
 point after abbrs.). 
 Madchen (Ger. n.), girl ; 
 
 pi. same (cap.). 
 Madeley, Staffs. 
 Mademoiselle*, abbr. 
 
 Mile, not Mdlle ; pi. 
 
 Mesdemoiselles *,abbr. 
 
 Miles, not Mdlles (in Fr. 
 
 no point after abbrs. ). 
 maddre (Fr. m.), Madeira 
 
 wine. 
 Madley, Hereford. 
 Madonna *,theVirginMary 
 
 (cap.). 
 madonna (It.), my lady, 
 
 madam (in 3rd person 
 
 only, not cap.), 
 mac/rasa/i * (Ind.), a school 
 
 or college, not the many 
 
 variations. 
 Madras Staff Corps, 
 
 abbr. M.S.C. 
 madregal *,afish,«o/ med-. 
 madrigal*, a part-song. 
 Mad. Univ., Madison Uni- 
 versity, U.S.A. ;Madras — . 
 MsBcenas/ *, a patron of the 
 
 arts, not Me- ; pi. -es*. 
 maelstrom*, «o^mal-. 
 Maenad*/, a priestess of 
 
 Bacchus, not Me- ; pi. -s. 
 Maestricht, Holland, use 
 
 228 
 
MAESTRO — MAIDAN 
 
 maestrjo* (It. mus.), 
 master, composer ; pi. -I, 
 
 Maeterlinck (Maurice), 
 1864-, writer. 
 
 Mafia*, It. secret society. 
 
 ma foil (Fr.) upon my 
 word ! 
 
 Mag., Magyar. 
 
 Iliag.,magazine,magnetism. 
 
 Maga*, colloq. for "Black- 
 wood's Magazine." 
 
 magasin de\ modes (Fr. 
 m.), dressmaker's shop ; 
 nouveauiSs, linen- 
 draper's — , not — des — . 
 
 magazine, abbr. mag. 
 
 magazines (titles of) 
 (typ.), when cited, to be 
 roman double-quoted. 
 
 magdalen*, an asylum, a 
 reformed prostitute. 
 
 Magdalen College, Ox- 
 ford, />w«.maud'lin; abbr. 
 Magd. 
 
 Magdalene College, Cam- 
 bridge, proH. maud'lin ; 
 abbr. Magd. 
 
 Magendie (Fran9ois), 
 I 783-1855, French phy- 
 siol. {see also Maj-). 
 
 maggot*, a grub {see also 
 magot). 
 
 Maglieramome(Baron), 
 pron. mar'a-morn. 
 
 magilp, artists' medium, 
 «5^ megilp*. 
 
 magister* (Lat. m.), mas- 
 ter, abbr. M.; — artium *, 
 Master of Arts, abbr. 
 M.A. ; — ChirurgiaSy 
 ditto Surgery, M.Ch. 
 
 magistrand*, fourth-year 
 student in Sc. university. 
 
 magma/ *, a mass ; pi. -s. 
 
 Magna Charta*, not — 
 Carta ; pron. — kar'ta. 
 
 magna est Veritas ei 
 prasvalet (Lat.), great is 
 truth and it prevails ; 
 ditto prasvalebit, ditto 
 will prevail. 
 
 magnesium*,symbolMg*. 
 
 magnif/y *, -ied*, -ying*. 
 
 magnifying glass* (two 
 words). 
 
 magnum *, a reputed two- 
 quart wine bottle. 
 
 magnum bonum *, a com- 
 mon trade name (two 
 words, not ital.). 
 
 magnjum opjus * ( Lat. ),an 
 author's chief work ; pi, 
 -a -era. 
 
 magot*, ape, also Chin, or 
 Jap. figure {see also mag- 
 got). 
 
 M.Agr. (Amer.), Master of 
 Agriculture. 
 
 magjus *, a wise man ; pi. 
 -/^; but the Magi (cap.). 
 
 Magyar*, dominant race 
 in Hungary, also a Hun- 
 garian ; pron. ma'dyor ; 
 abbr. Mag. 
 
 magy arize*, etc., «o^-ise. 
 
 " Mahabharata/* Indian 
 epic, accent on third 
 syllable. 
 
 Mahame/dan, -tan, use 
 Mohammedan *. 
 
 Mahan (Capt. A. T.), 
 1840-, Amer. naval writer; 
 pron. ma-han'. 
 
 Mahara/jah*, nof-ja, Ind. 
 title ; pron. ma-ha-rah'ja ; 
 fern, -nee*, not -ni. 
 
 mahaut, use mahout*. 
 
 mahlstick, painter's hand- 
 rest, M5^maul-*. 
 
 mahlstrom, use mael-*. 
 
 Mahom/ed, -et, -edan, 
 -etan , «5^Mohammed*, 
 -an*. 
 
 mahout*, elephant-driver, 
 not -aut. 
 
 Mahratta*, Ind. race, not 
 Maratha, Marhatta. 
 
 Mahratti*, Indian dialect. 
 
 mahseer*, large fresh- 
 water fish, not the many 
 variations. 
 
 mah"wa*, E. Indian tree, 
 not the many variations. 
 
 M.A.I., Member of the 
 Anthropological Institute. 
 
 maidan* (Ind., Pers.), an 
 esplanade, not -aun. 
 
 299 
 
MAIDENHAIR — MALENTENDU 
 
 maidenhair* (bot.) (one 
 word). 
 
 maieutic*, helping child- 
 birth. 
 
 maigre* day (R.C.C.), one 
 when no flesh is eaten. 
 
 mailable* (U.S.A.), cap- 
 able of being sent by mail. 
 
 mainj (Fr. f.), a hand, also 
 a quire, abbr. M. ; — 
 drolte, right hand, abbr. 
 M.D.; — gaucbe, left — , 
 M.G. 
 
 Maine, U.S.A., offic. 
 abbr. Me. 
 
 Maine-et-Loire, dep. Fr. 
 (hyphens). 
 
 Maine Liquor Law, 
 U.S.A. 
 
 mainprize*, not -ise. 
 
 main/sail *, -spring * (one 
 word). 
 
 Mainwaring, /»row. man'- 
 ering. 
 
 Mainz amIlhein,Ger. for 
 Mayence on theRhine. 
 
 maisonj d* arret (Fr. f.), 
 prison ; — de catn- 
 pagtie, country house ; 
 — de santi, private 
 asylum ; — de ville, 
 guildhall ; — garnle, fur- 
 nished house. 
 
 maisonnette*, a small 
 house. 
 
 maitre], title of Fr.advocate, 
 abbr. Me; — d'hdtel* 
 (Fr. m.), house steward ; 
 
 k la — 
 
 plainly pre- 
 
 pared with parsley (no 
 hyphen). 
 
 maitresse (Fr. f.), mis- 
 tress. 
 
 maluscoija (It. typ.), cap- 
 ital letter; -etto, small 
 capital letter. 
 
 Maj., Major. 
 
 Majendie (Sir V. D.), 
 1836-98, Inspector of Ex- 
 plosives {see also Mag-). 
 
 MaJestS (Sa) (Fr. f.), His, 
 or Her, Majesty, «o/ Sow — . 
 
 Majesty.abbr.M. ; />/.MM. 
 
 major-domo *, a house 
 
 steward (hyphen); in It. 
 maggiordom 0. 
 
 Major/, abbr. Maj.; — 
 -General (caps., hy- 
 phen), abbr. Maj.-Gen. 
 
 tnajusculjse (Lat.), capital 
 letters ; in Fr. f. -es. 
 
 makarism, use maca- *. 
 
 make-believe* (hyphen). 
 
 make even (typ.), in com- 
 posing, the last word of 
 a ''take" of copy to end a 
 full line ; same as end even. 
 
 makeshift* (one word). 
 
 make-up* (typ.), arrange- 
 ment of matter into pages. 
 
 make-weight* (hyphen). 
 
 Mai., Malachi, Malayan. 
 
 malac, malacology. 
 
 maladdress*, awkward- 
 ness (one word, not ital.) ; 
 in Fr. f. maladresse 
 (ital.). 
 
 malade imaginaire (Fr. 
 m.), imaginary invalid. 
 
 maladroit* (not ital.). 
 
 ma/a/ //Je*(Lat.), treacher- 
 ously; — fides*, bad 
 faith ; mala in se (Lat.), 
 acts which are intrinsic- 
 ally wrong. 
 
 Malagasy =^, native of 
 Madagascar. 
 
 malaise* (Fr. m.), discom- 
 fort. 
 
 mala praxis* (Lat.), bad 
 management. 
 
 Malaprop (Mrs.), in 
 ''The Rivals" by Sheri- 
 dan, 1775. 
 
 malapropos*, unseason- 
 ably ; mYr. malapropos. 
 
 Malayan, abbr. Mai. 
 
 malcontent*, not male-. 
 
 mal del mer* (Fr. m.), 
 
 sea-sickness; idte 
 
 (m.), headache. 
 
 Maiden, Surrey. 
 
 mal du pays (Fr. m.), 
 home-sickness. 
 
 male, abbr. m., (bot., zool.) 
 sign <j. 
 
 malentendu (Fr. m.), 
 mistake (one word). 
 
 230 
 
MAL ENTENDU — MANHATTAN 
 
 mal entendu (Fr.), mis- 
 understood (two words). 
 
 Malesherbes (C. G. de 
 Ii. de), 1721-94, Fr. 
 statesman (^see also Mal- 
 herbe). 
 
 Malet (Lucas), pen-name 
 of Mrs. M.St. L. Harrison. 
 
 malgr^l* (Fr,), in spite of; 
 — elle, ditto herself; — 
 euXf — elles, ditto them- 
 selves ; — luji, ditto him- 
 self. 
 
 Malherbe (Pran9oisde), 
 1555-1628, Fr. writer {see 
 also Malesherbes). 
 
 Mallow, Co. Cork. 
 
 malm*, brick earth, not 
 maum. 
 
 Malmaison, near Paris 
 (one word), 
 
 malm.sey*, a sweet wine, 
 not -sie, -esie, -asye. 
 
 Malplaquet (battle of), 
 1709. 
 
 m.alpractice *, m isbeha- 
 viour, not -se. 
 
 malstrom, use m.ael- *. 
 
 Malte-Brun (K.), 1775- 
 1826, Fr. geographer. 
 
 Maltese cross, ►J* {see also 
 cross, crux). 
 
 Malthus (T. K.), 1766- 
 1834, writer on population. 
 
 maljum (Lat.), an evil, pi. 
 -a; malum] in se, an in- 
 trinsic evil ; — prohibit- 
 um, a prohibited wrong. 
 
 m. h m. (Fr.), mot a mot 
 (word for word). 
 
 mameluke*, Egyptian 
 mounted soldier, not 
 mama-, mamlouk, mem- 
 look, -luk. 
 
 mam.illary*, not mammil-. 
 
 mamm,a*, not mama. 
 
 mammja * (Lat.), a teat ; pi. 
 -as. 
 
 mam.inonize *, not -ise» 
 
 Man. (paper), Manila. 
 
 man., manual. 
 
 Man (Isle of), abbr. 
 I.O.M., not I.M. 
 
 manacle*, fetter, not -icle. 
 
 Manacles, rocks off Corn, 
 manage/ able *, -ment*. 
 manakin, w^^mani-*. 
 Manasseh (tribe of). 
 Manasses (Prayer of), 
 
 Apocr. 
 manatee*, the sea-cow ; in 
 
 Sp. manati, 
 manclie (Fr. m.), a handle ; 
 
 (f.) a sleeve. 
 Manohe (La), the English 
 
 Channel. 
 Manchester, abbr. 
 
 Manch,, or M/C. 
 man-child*, pi. men- 
 children* (hyphen). 
 Manchu/, -ria, -rian, of 
 
 Manchuria, not -00, -ow, 
 
 Mantchoo. 
 Mandalay, Burma, not 
 
 Mande-. 
 mandamus* (law) (not 
 
 ital.). 
 
 mandarin^ 
 
 Chinese 
 
 official, fjot -ine. 
 
 mandatj (Fr. m.), power 
 of attorney ; — -posie, 
 money order (hyphen). 
 
 mandatary*, a person. 
 
 mandatory* (adj.), com- 
 manding. 
 
 mandioc, use manioc *. 
 
 mandolin*, not -ine. 
 
 mandrel *, a spindle, not-\\. 
 
 mandrill*, a baboon. 
 
 manbge* (Fr. m.), horse- 
 manship, riding-school 
 {see also mSnage). 
 
 manjet (Lat., theat.), he, 
 or she, remains ; pi. -etlt. 
 
 manganese*, symbol Mn*. 
 
 mangel-wurzel *, not 
 mangle-, mangold-. 
 
 *« Mangnairs Ques- 
 
 tions,** not Mag-. 
 
 mango/ *, Ind. fruit, not-oe ; 
 pi. -es*. 
 
 mangold-wurzel, use 
 mangel *. 
 
 mangosteen*, tropical 
 fruit, not -an, -ine. 
 
 manhaden, use men-*. 
 
 Manhattan Island, New 
 York. 
 
 231 
 
MANICH^AN — MANUSKRIPT 
 
 ManichsBan*, not -ean. 
 
 maniole, a fetter, use 
 -acle*. 
 
 tnanlSrIS (Fr.), /em. -Se, 
 affected. 
 
 manifesto/*,//, -s*. 
 
 manikin*, noi mana-, 
 manni-; in Fr. m. manne- 
 quin. 
 
 Manila/, Philippine Isles ; 
 
 — cheroot; — paper, 
 not -11a, abbr. !Man. 
 
 manioc*, the cassava plant, 
 not -dioc, -ihoc, -ihot, 
 -iocca. 
 
 maniplies, «5^many-*. 
 
 manipulator*, not -er. 
 
 Manipur, S.E. India, noi 
 Munnepoor. 
 
 Manit., Manitoba. 
 
 Manks, of the I. of Man, 
 use Manx*. 
 
 Mann (Sir Horace) ,1701- 
 86, diplom. ; — (Horace), 
 1 796- 1 859, Amer. educa- 
 tionist. 
 
 mannequin (Fr. m.), a 
 manikin. 
 
 Mannheim, Baden, not 
 Manh-. 
 
 Mannlicher rifle. 
 
 manoeuvr/e *, -ed *, -in g *. 
 
 man-of-war*, pi. men — 
 
 — * (hyphens). 
 man-of-war's-man* (hy- 
 phens, apos.). 
 
 manqujS (Fr.), /em. -Se, 
 unsuccessful. 
 
 M.A.N.S. (Amen), Mem- 
 ber of the Academy of 
 Natural Science. 
 
 Mansard (Fran9ois), 
 1598 - 1666, Fr. archi- 
 tect. 
 
 mansard roof* (not 
 cap.). 
 
 Mantchuria, use Mane-. 
 
 Mantegazza (Paolo), 
 1831-, It. anthropologist. 
 
 mantelet*, mo/ mantlet. 
 
 mantelpiece*, «o/mantle- 
 (one word). 
 
 mantilla* (Sp.), a short 
 mantle. 
 
 mantlet, a shelter, use 
 mante-*. 
 
 manual (mus.), abbr. man. 
 
 manufactur/e, -er, abbr. 
 mfr. ; -ed, mfd. ; -ers, 
 -es, mfrs. ; -ing, mfg. 
 
 manu fort! (Lat.), by main 
 force. 
 
 manumit/ *, -ted *, -ting *. 
 
 manu propria (Lat,), with 
 one's own hand. 
 
 manus (Lat. f.), the hand ; 
 pi. same. 
 
 manuscript*, abbr. MS.* 
 (a, not an), pi. MSS.* 
 (point at end only). It 
 should be written on one 
 side only of ruled quarto 
 paper, not very thin. One 
 inch blank margin on left- 
 hand side. Caps./,/, T,Sj 
 and i.e. i, e, I, m, n, /, u, to 
 be written clearly. Un- 
 usual words, such as 
 proper names, to be in 
 printing characters. Each 
 leaf to be paged in con- 
 secutive order from the 
 first to the last : not each 
 chapter separately. Never 
 write corrections on back 
 of a leaf, but put in an 
 extra leaf and mark it, say, 
 23 A, B, or C. If a leaf 
 be deleted, say 24, mark 
 previous one 23-4. It is 
 often advantageous to have 
 original MS. typewritten, 
 when it can be revised as 
 a first proof, and thus 
 many " author's correc- 
 tions" saved. All MSS. 
 should be kept flat, and 
 not rolled ; if however 
 this be unavoidable, the 
 writing should be on the 
 convex side (see also foot- 
 notes). 
 
 manuscript abbrevia- 
 tions, see abbrevia- 
 tions for Longhand. 
 
 manuscrit (Fr. m.), MS. 
 
 ManuskrIpt{Ger. n.),MS.; 
 also printer's copy. 
 
 asa 
 
MANUTIUS — MAKIE 
 
 Manutius/ (Aldus), 1450- 
 
 15 15, in It. Aldo Ma- 
 
 nuzzio; — — "the 
 
 younger," 1547-97; — 
 
 (Paulus), 151 1-74; It. 
 
 printers. 
 Manx*, of the Isle of Man, 
 
 not -ks; natives, Manx- 
 man*, fern, -woman*, 
 
 pi. -en (each one word). 
 manyplies* (zool.), third 
 
 stomach of ruminants, not 
 
 mani-, mony-. 
 Manzanilla *, a brown 
 
 sherry. 
 Maori *, sing, and pi. same. 
 ma petite (Fr. f.), my 
 
 little (girl). 
 Mapledurham, Oxford 
 
 (one word). 
 maquereau (Fr. m.), 
 
 mackerel, 
 mar/*, -red*, -ring*, 
 mar., maritime. 
 Mar (Earl o/), family 
 
 name Goodeve-Erskine 
 
 {see also Mar and 
 
 KelHe). 
 M.Ar. (Amer.), Master of 
 
 . Architecture. 
 marabou/ feather*, — 
 
 stork*, not -bout, -bu. 
 marabout*, N. Afr. monk 
 
 or hermit, not -but. 
 marabout (Fr. m.), a very 
 
 large coffee-pot. 
 Maracaibo, Venezuela, not 
 
 -ybo. 
 Maranatba* (Syriac), 
 
 "our Lord cometh." 
 Mar and Kellie (Earl 
 
 of), family name Erskine 
 
 {see also Mar), 
 maraschino*, a liqueur, 
 
 «o/-queno ; pron. ma-ras- 
 
 kee'no. 
 Marat (J. P.), 1744-93, 
 
 assassinated by C.Corday. 
 Maratha, an Indian race, 
 
 use Mahratta*. 
 Marazion, Cornwall ; pron. 
 
 mar-a-zy'on. 
 marbled edges, see 
 
 edges. 
 
 marbleize* (U.S.A.), not 
 -ise. 
 
 marbrS (Fr.), marbled ; also 
 marbled edges of books. 
 
 March (month of) (typ.), 
 should not be abbreviated. 
 
 march., marchioness. 
 
 M&rcben (Ger. n.), a fairy- 
 tale ; pi. same. 
 
 /narcires/e*(It.), marquess; 
 fern, -a, marchioness. 
 
 Marco (G.), 1863-, chess 
 player. 
 
 Marcobrunner, a hock. 
 
 Marconi (Quglielmo), 
 1875-, electrician. 
 
 marconigram*, wireless 
 telegraph message. 
 
 mardi gras (Fr. m.), 
 Shrove-Tuesday. 
 
 marSchall (Fr. m.), Field- 
 Marshal ; his wife, -e. 
 
 Mar6chal Wiel, a rose. 
 
 mare*s-tail* (bot.) (apos., 
 hyphen). 
 
 marg., margin, -al. 
 
 margarine *, not -in ; pron, 
 g as in go. 
 
 Margaux (Chd,teau-), a 
 claret (hyphen). 
 
 marge (Fr. f.), margin. 
 
 mat^nalia (Lat.), mar- 
 ginal notes, is pi. 
 
 Marginalie (Ger. f.), mar- 
 ginal note, also Rand' 
 vermerk (cap.). 
 
 margins (typ.), the four 
 are called back, head, 
 fore-edge, and tail. A 
 good proportion of the 
 total margin is back and 
 head two-fifths to fore- 
 edge and tail three-fifths. 
 
 Margoliouth (D. S.), 
 1858-, theologian. 
 
 mariage de convenance 
 (Fr. m.), marriage of con- 
 venience, not marr-. 
 
 Mariamne, wife of Herod 
 the Great. 
 
 Marie de* Medici, wife 
 of Henry IV of France 
 (de', not de); in Fr. de 
 M6dicis. 
 
 333 
 
MAKIlSrADE — M.A. 
 
 marinade* (Fr. cook. f,i, 
 a pickle. 
 
 Marines ("Blue**), Royal 
 Marine Artillery ; — 
 ("Red**), Royal Marine 
 Light Infantry, 
 
 marionette. 
 
 maritime, abbr. mar. 
 
 marivaudage (Fr. m.), 
 daintily affected st^^le. 
 
 Marjoribanks, pron. 
 march'banks. 
 
 Mark (New Test.), not to 
 be abbreviated. 
 
 mark*, Ger. coin, about a 
 shilling ; never takes sign 
 of pi. ; abbr. M., or Mk. 
 
 market/, abbr. mkt. ; -ed, 
 -ing*. 
 
 Market/ - Drayton, — 
 -Harborough. (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 market overt*, open mar- 
 ket. 
 
 market-place* (hyphen). 
 
 market town* (tv^^o 
 words). 
 
 marks of correction, 
 see proof correction 
 marks. 
 
 marks of reference 
 (typ.), * t t § II t (5^^ 
 
 also foot-notes). 
 
 marline-spike*, not mar- 
 lin-, marling- (hyphen). 
 
 Marlow (Great), Bucks. 
 
 Marlowe (Christopher), 
 1563-93, dramatist. 
 
 marmoset*, a monkey. 
 
 Marocco, use Morocco. 
 
 Maroczy (G.), 1870-, 
 chess player. 
 
 maroon*, very dark red, 
 not morone. 
 
 maroquin (Fr. m.), mo- 
 rocco leather. 
 
 Marprelate Contro- 
 versy (the). 
 
 marque (letters of) *, 
 those authorizing re- 
 prisals. 
 
 marque de tabrique 
 (Fr. f.), trade-mark. 
 
 marquess*, not -is, abbr. 
 
 M., or marq. ; fern. 
 
 marchioness *, abbr. 
 
 march. ; in Fr. mar- 
 
 qulsl,/em. -e. 
 Marquoi*s scales, etc. 
 marriage, in Fr. m. 
 
 mariage (one r). 
 marriageable*, «o^ -gable, 
 married, abbr. m. 
 tnartx)!! (Fr. m.), chestnut, 
 marrowfat *, a pea. 
 «« Marseillaise (La)," Fr. 
 
 national song. 
 Marseilles ; in Fr. Mar- 
 seille, pron. mar-say^ 
 marshal/, -led, -ler, -ling. 
 Marsham (Viscount), 
 
 eldest son of Earl Romney 
 
 {see also Masham). 
 marten, a weasel {see also 
 
 martin). 
 Marthas Vineyard, 
 
 island, U.S.A. (no apos.). 
 Martian, of Mars. 
 martin, a bird {see also 
 
 marten), 
 Martinengo - Cesaresco 
 
 (Coimtess E.), 1852-, 
 
 writer. 
 Martinique, W. Indies, 
 martingale, not -gal. 
 Martinmas, 11 Nov. 
 martyrize, etc., not -ise. 
 marvel/, -led, -lous. 
 Marvell (Andrew), 1621- 
 
 78, poet. 
 Marx (Karl), 1818-83, 
 
 Socialist. 
 Maryland, U.S.A., offic. 
 
 abbr. Md. 
 Marylebone, London, 
 
 formerly Mary-le-bone ; 
 
 pron. mar-fbun. 
 Marymas, 25 March. 
 Marzials (Sir F, T.), 
 
 1840-, writer. 
 marzipan, dessert dainty, 
 
 not -apan. 
 mas (Lat.), a male; pi. 
 
 mares, 
 mas (Sp.), but. 
 mas (Sp.), more. 
 M.A.S., Master of Applied 
 
 Science. 
 
 334 
 
masc, masculine. 
 Mascagni (Pietro), 
 
 1863-, composer. 
 masculine, abbr. m., or 
 
 masc. 
 mashallah! (Arab., Pers., 
 Turk.), an exclamation of 
 wonder. 
 Masham (Baron), family 
 name Lister {see also 
 Marsh am), 
 mashie, a golf club, not -y. 
 Mashonaland, S.E. Afr., 
 
 not Mashu-. 
 mashy, use mashie. 
 masjid (Turk.), a mosque, 
 
 use mus-. 
 mask, not masque. 
 Mason (Freemasonry) 
 
 (cap.). 
 Masorah, use Massora. 
 Mass, R.C. service (cap.). 
 mass (mech.), abbr. m. 
 Mass., Massachusetts 
 
 (ofBc. abbr.). 
 mass6 (Fr. m.), stroke at 
 
 billiards. 
 Mass6na (Andr§), 1758- 
 
 181 7, Fr. marshal. 
 Massenet (J. ]E. F.), 
 
 1842-, Fr. composer. 
 Massereene (Viscount), 
 masseu/r, fem. -se. 
 Massey, family name of 
 Baron Clarina {see also 
 Massy), 
 massif (geol.), a mountain 
 
 mass (not ital. ). 
 
 Massor/a, Heb. tradition, 
 
 not the many variations ; 
 
 -etic Text, abbr. M.T. 
 
 Massy, fam. name of Baron 
 
 Massy {see also Massey). 
 
 Master, abbr. Mr. (point, 
 
 should not end line). 
 master-at-arms (naut.), 
 first-class petty oflScer 
 (hyphens). 
 master mariner, captain 
 
 of a merchant vessel. 
 Master of the Rolls, abbr. 
 
 M.R. 
 masterpiece (one word), 
 master printer, the head 
 
 MASC. — MATHERS 
 
 of a printing establish- 
 ment. 
 
 masthead (one word). 
 
 mastic, not -ich, -ick. 
 
 mat., matins. 
 
 Matabele/, pi. same ; 
 -land, S. Afr. (one word). 
 
 matador, Spanish bull- 
 slayer, not -ore. 
 
 match-wood (hyphen). 
 
 mat6, Paraguay tea, not 
 mate (not ital.). 
 
 matelot (Fr. m.), a sailor. 
 
 matelote (Fr. cook, f.), a 
 rich fish stew. 
 
 matjer (Lat.), mother ; pi. 
 -res. 
 
 materialize, etc., not -ise. 
 
 materia medica, science 
 of drugs (not ital.). 
 
 matSriel (Fr. m.), every- 
 thing but the personnel of 
 an army or navy (ital.). 
 
 math., mathematics, -ical, 
 -ician. 
 
 mathematics (typ.), ref- 
 erences to foot-notes in 
 math, works to be marks 
 of reference (*, f, etc.), 
 and not superior figures, 
 as these may be mistaken 
 in the text for indices. 
 When letters are required 
 for formulae, use caps, 
 and I.e., not s.caps. If 
 the body of the text is in 
 roman, the I.e. letters 
 must be ital.and vice versa, 
 exceptin the case of caps., 
 which should be roman. 
 Whole numbers are set 
 without commas.as 13500, 
 «o/ 13,500. A formula, if 
 detached from the text, 
 is generally set in the 
 middle of the line, and if 
 it has to be carried on to 
 the next the break is made 
 at an equal, minus, or plus 
 sign, which is carried over. 
 Abbr. math, {see also 
 figures, fractions). 
 Mathers THelen), pen- 
 name of Mrs. Reeves. 
 
 235 
 
MATHEW — MAZURKA 
 
 Mathew (Lord Justice), 
 1830-. 
 
 Mathews (Charles), 
 1 776-1835, actor; — 
 (Charles James), 1803- 
 78, actor, dramatist, son 
 of former ; — (Elkin), 
 publisher ; — (Shailer), 
 1 863-, Amer. writer (5^^ 
 also Matt-). 
 
 matin (Fr. m.), morning. 
 
 matin (Fr. m.), mastiflf. 
 
 matinSej {Fr.f.), entertain- 
 ment by day ; — musi- 
 cale, ditto with music. 
 
 matins, sometimes in 
 Prayer Book mattins, 
 abbr. m.at. 
 
 matriculator, not -er. 
 
 Matrimonial Causes 
 Acts (law) (no apos.). 
 
 matr/ix (typ.), a mould 
 from which a stereo plate 
 is made ; also a mould 
 used in making the face 
 of a letter ; pi. -ices. 
 
 Matt., St. Matthew. 
 
 Mattei (Tito), 1841-, 
 composer. 
 
 matter (typ.), MS. or copy 
 to be printed, type that 
 is composed; live or 
 standing — , type that 
 has yet to be printed 
 from, electroed, or ster- 
 eoed ; dead — , type 
 ready for distribution. 
 
 Matthew (Saint), abbr. 
 Matt. 
 
 Matthews (James Bran- 
 der), 1852-, American 
 writer {see also Math-). 
 
 mattress, not -ass, matress. 
 
 Mau, India, use Mhow. 
 
 maud, a wrap, not -de. 
 
 Maugrabin (Hayrad- 
 din), in "Quentin Dur- 
 ward." 
 
 Maulmain, Burma, not 
 Moul-, Maulmein. 
 
 maulstick*, not mahl-. 
 
 maum, ws^malm*. 
 
 Maundy Thursday, day 
 before Good Friday, not 
 
 Maunday Thursday (two 
 
 words). 
 Maupassant (Guy de), 
 
 1850-93, Fr. writer. 
 Maupeou (R.N.C.A.de), 
 
 1714-92, Fr. chancellor. 
 Mauresque, use Mor-. 
 mausole/um, pi. -a. 
 mauvaise tionte (Fr. f.), 
 
 shyness. 
 mauvais] goOt (Fr. m.), 
 
 bad taste ; — pas, a 
 
 difficulty ; — quart 
 
 d*tieure, a short un- 
 pleasant time ; — SUjet, 
 
 a ne'er-do-weel; — ton, 
 
 bad style. 
 Max., Maximilian, 
 max., maxim, maximum. 
 maxiiija, the jaw ; pi.- «. 
 maxim/um, the greatest; 
 
 pi. -a, abbr. max. (not 
 
 ital.). 
 Max 0*Rell, pen-name of 
 
 Paul Blouet, 1848-1903. 
 Maxwell (J. Clerk), 
 
 1831-79, physicist, not 
 
 Clerk-Maxwell. 
 Maxwell-Lyte (Sir 
 
 H. C), 1848-, writer. 
 May (month of), not to be 
 
 abbreviated, 
 may (tree) (not cap.). 
 maybe, perhaps (one 
 
 word). 
 May-Day, i May (caps., 
 
 two words). 
 mayduke, a cherry (one 
 
 word). 
 Mayence on the Rhine, 
 
 in Ger. Mainz am 
 
 Rhein. 
 Mayfair, London (one 
 
 word). 
 mayonnaise* (Fr. f.), a 
 
 salad dressing (not ital.). 
 mayst (no apos.). 
 mazagran (Fr. m.), black 
 
 coffee served in a glass. 
 Mazarine Bible, 42 line, 
 first book printed from 
 movable types. 
 mazurka, a Polish dance, 
 not mazou-. 
 
M.B. — MEDITATIO 
 
 M.B., Medictnx Bacca- 
 laureus (Bachelor of 
 Medicine) ; M.B.Sc. 
 
 (Amer.), Master of Busi- 
 ness Science; M.B.T.A., 
 Metropolitan Board 
 
 Teachers Association. 
 
 Mc, see Mac. 
 
 M.C., Master Commandant, 
 — of Ceremonies, — of 
 Surgery, (U.S. A.)Member 
 of Congress, — of 
 Council ; M/C, Man- 
 chester ; M.C.C., Mary- 
 lebone Cricket Club, 
 Middlesex County Coun- 
 cil ; M.C.D. (Amer.), 
 Doctor of Comparative 
 Medicine ; M.C.E. 
 
 (Amer.), Master of Civil 
 Engineering; M.Ch., Ma- 
 gister Chirurgiae, (ditto 
 Surgery) ; M.CL., ditto 
 Civil Law; M.C.M.E.S. 
 (Amer.), Member of Civil 
 and Mechanical Engin- 
 eers' Society; M.Com. 
 (Birmingham), Master of 
 Commerce ; M.C.P., 
 Member of the College 
 of Preceptors ; M.C.S., 
 Madras Civil Service. 
 
 M.D., Medicinx Doctor 
 (Doctor of Medicine), 
 Middle Dutch, (It. mus.) 
 mano destra (right hand), 
 (Fr. mus.) main droite 
 (right hand) ; Md., 
 Maryland, U.S.A. (offic. 
 abbr.) ; m.d., month's 
 date ; Mdlle, use Mile 
 (Mademoiselle) ; Mdme, 
 use Mme (Madame) ; 
 M.D.S., Master of Dental 
 Surgery ; mdse., mer- 
 chandise (usual in Amer.). 
 
 M.E., Mechanical Engineer, 
 Methodist Episcopal, 
 
 Middle English, Military 
 Engineer, Mining Engi- 
 neer, Most Excellent ; 
 Me., Maine, U.S.A. (offic. 
 abbr.) ; M^ (Fr.), maiire 
 (title of Fr. advocate). 
 
 me (it is), it is I, both per- 
 missible in speech, butfor- 
 mershould not be printed. 
 
 mea culpa (Lat.), by my 
 fault. 
 
 meagre, not -er. 
 
 mealie/, ear of maize ; pL -S. 
 
 mealy-mouthed, hypo- 
 critical (hyphen). 
 
 meantime (one word). 
 
 mtean-while (one word). 
 
 measur/e, -able, abbr. 
 meas.; (typ.), the width 
 of a page or column, 
 usually stated in pica ems ; 
 -ements {see figures). 
 
 meatjus (Lat.), a passage ; 
 pi. -US. 
 
 M.E.C., Member of Exec- 
 utive Council. 
 
 Mecca, capital of Arabia, 
 not Mekka, -ah, -eh. 
 
 Mecenas, use MaB- *. 
 
 m.ech.., mechanics, -ical. 
 
 m.echanics, is singular. 
 
 Mechlin lace, etc. 
 
 Mecklenburgh Square, 
 London, W.C. 
 
 Mecklenburg/- Schwer- 
 in, Strelitz, Ger. 
 
 M.E.D. (Amer.), Master 
 of Elementary Didactics. 
 
 med., medical, medicine, 
 medieval, medium. 
 
 medaille (Fr. f.), medal. 
 
 medal/, -led, -lion, -list. 
 
 "Medecin malgr6 lui 
 (Le)," by Moliere, 1666. 
 
 m^edical/, abbr. med.; — 
 signs, 5 dram, 1T\ minim, 
 ■M- tnisce (mix), | ounce, 
 O pint, 9c recipe,^ scruple. 
 
 medicinae (Lat.), of medi- 
 cine ; abbr. M. 
 
 medieval/, abbr. med.; 
 -ism, -ist, -ize, etc., not 
 mediae-. 
 
 Medina, river, I.W. 
 
 Medineh, Arabia. 
 
 mediocre (not ital). 
 
 Medit., Mediterranean. 
 
 meditatio fugss (Lat., 
 Sc. law), contemplating 
 flight. 
 
 337 
 
MEDIUM — MENDICITY 
 
 medi/um, pi, -a, in spirit- 
 ualism -urns (not ital.) ; 
 abbr. med. 
 
 medium/ paper, 23^/2 x 
 18I/2 in. ; — folio, 18 x 
 ii'/a; — octavo, 9x6; 
 — quarto, ii^j^xg {see 
 also books, paper). 
 
 Medjidieh, Turk, order; 
 medjidieh, Turk. coin. 
 
 med. jur., medical juris- 
 prudence. 
 
 Med. Xjat., medieval Latin. 
 
 M6doc (Fr. m.), a claret. 
 
 Meerut, Ind., not Merath, 
 Mirat. 
 
 meetings (news, reports 
 of), speakers' names 
 usually s.caps., resolu- 
 tions double-quoted. 
 
 Mefifert (Peter) (Ger.), 
 Mr. What's-his-name. 
 
 megalomania, the delu- 
 sion of grandeur. 
 
 megavolt (elec), a million 
 volts. 
 
 megilp*, «o^-ph, magilp. 
 
 megohm (elec), a million 
 ohms. 
 
 megrim/, -s, headache, use 
 migraine. 
 
 Meilhac (Henri), 1831- 
 97, dramatist. 
 
 mein Herr (Ger.), usual 
 form of address, as Sir ; 
 pi. meine tierren. 
 
 meiosis (rhet. ), diminution. 
 
 Meiringen, Switz., not 
 Mey-. 
 
 Meissonier (J. L. E.), 
 18 13-91, Fr. painter. 
 
 " Meistersinger von 
 Niirnberg (Die)," 
 opera by Wagner, 1867. 
 
 me judice (Lat.), in my 
 opinion. 
 
 Mekk/a, -ah., -eh, use 
 Mecca. 
 
 M.E.Ij. (Amen), Master of 
 English Literature. 
 
 Melanchthon (Philip), 
 1497-1560, Luther's col- 
 league, not Melanct-. 
 Melanesia (Bp. of). 
 
 238 
 
 mSlange (Fr. m.), a mix- 
 ture. 
 
 Melchi/zedek,in01dTest.; 
 -sedec in New Test. 
 
 mBljS (Fr. ) ,/em,-Se, mixed. 
 
 mel6e. (Fr. f.), a fray (not 
 ital.). 
 
 Melibean, alternating, not 
 -sean. 
 
 melodrama (one word). 
 
 Melton- Mowbray, Leics 
 (hyphen). 
 
 mem., memento, memorial. 
 
 member, abbr. M. 
 
 Member of Parliament 
 (caps.); abbr. M.P., />/. 
 M.P.'s. 
 
 memento/, a souvenir, pi. 
 -es, abbr. mem. (not 
 ital.) ; in Fr. m. mS-, 
 
 memento morl ( Lat.), re- 
 member that you must die. 
 
 meml/ook, -uk, use ma- 
 meluke*. 
 
 mSmoIre (Fr. m.), bill, 
 report, treatise ; (f.) mem- 
 ory. 
 
 memorabilia (Lat.), note- 
 worthy things, is pi, 
 
 memorand/um, pi, -a ; 
 abbr. memo. 
 
 memorialize, not -ise. 
 
 memoria teclinica (Lat.), 
 mnemonics. 
 
 memoriter (Lat.), from 
 memory. 
 
 memorize, to learn by 
 heart, not -ise. 
 
 mem-satiib (Ang.-Ind.), 
 the mistress of a house. 
 
 Menad, use Mae-. 
 
 manage (Fr. m.), a house- 
 hold {see also manhge). 
 
 menagerie, not -ery. 
 
 mendacity, a falsehood. 
 
 Mendel6eff (Dmitri 
 Ivanovitch), 1834-, 
 Russ. chemist. 
 
 Mendelssohn - Barthol- 
 dy (Felix), 1809-47, 
 composer. 
 
 Mend^s (Catulle), 184 1-, 
 Fr. writer. 
 
 mendicity, begging. 
 
MENELEK — METER 
 
 Menelek, not -lik. 
 
 "M6nestrel (Le)," Fr. 
 musical periodical. 
 
 M.Eng., Master of Engin- 
 eering (Dublin). 
 
 menhaden, a N. Amer. 
 fish, not man-. 
 
 mensa (Lat.), a table ; a 
 mensa et toro, from 
 bed and board (a kind of 
 divorce), «o/thoro. 
 
 mens sana in corpore 
 sano (Lat.), a sound 
 mind in a sound body. 
 
 menstrujum (Lat.), a 
 solvent ; pi. -a. 
 
 mensur., mensuration. 
 
 mentbe (Fr. cook, f.), mint, 
 not mi-. 
 
 Mentone (It.), S. Yr.,pron. 
 men-tO'n6 ; in Fr. Men- 
 ton. 
 
 menu/ (Fr. m.), bill of fare, 
 pL -s; — (order of), 
 hors-d'oeuvre (same in s. 
 and pi.), appetizers ; 
 potages, soups ; poissons, 
 fish ; releve's, removes ; 
 entrees, "made" dishes; 
 rotiSf joints ; legumes, 
 vegetables; entremets, side 
 dishes ; gele'es, jellies ; 
 crentes, creams ', fromages, 
 cheeses ; dessert, dessert ; 
 glaces, ices ; cafe, coffee ; 
 liqueurs. 
 
 menu gibier{Fr. cook.m.), 
 small game, as grouse, 
 etc. ; menus plaislrs, 
 small pleasures. 
 
 Mephistophelean, not 
 -ian. 
 
 mSpris (Fr. m.), contempt. 
 
 mSprlse (Fr. f.), mistake. 
 
 mer., meridian, meridional. 
 
 Meran, Tyrol. 
 
 Merath, use Meerut. 
 
 Mercedds motor-car (6 hi). 
 
 merchandise, etc., not 
 -ize ; abbr.mdse(U. S. A.). 
 
 Merchant/ Company- 
 Schools, Edin. ; — Tay- 
 lors Company; ditto 
 School. 
 
 merci (Fr. m.), thanks ; (f.) 
 mercy. 
 
 mercurialize, not -ise. 
 
 mercury, symbol Hg. 
 
 merid/ian, -ional, abbr. 
 m., ormer. 
 
 meridies (Lat), noon; 
 abbr. m. 
 
 M6rim6e (Prosper), 
 1803-70, Fr. writer. 
 
 merlan (Fr. m.), whiting. 
 
 merle, the common black- 
 bird, not merl. 
 
 Merrimac, river, U.S.A., 
 not -ak. 
 
 merrythought, a bone 
 (one word). 
 
 Merthyr Tydfil, S. 
 Wales (no hyphen). 
 
 mSsalliance (Fr. f.), mar- 
 riage with an inferior. 
 
 Mesdemoiselles, abbr. 
 Miles, not Mdlles. 
 
 mesjid, use mus-, 
 
 mesmerize, not -ise. 
 
 Meso-Gothic, not Mae-, 
 Moe- ; abbr. M.Gk>th. 
 
 Mesolonghi, use Mi-. 
 
 Messageries Maritimes, 
 " La Compagnie des 
 Services Maritimes des 
 Messageries," a Fr. ship- 
 ping company. 
 
 Messiah, Messianic. 
 
 Messieurs (Fr.), abbr. 
 MM. ; sing, monsieur. 
 
 Messrs., sing. Mr. (point 
 at end). 
 
 mestee (W. Ind.), a half- 
 breed, not mu-. 
 
 mestizo, one of Sp. and 
 Amer.-Ind. blood, not 
 -ino. 
 
 met., metronome. 
 
 metal/, -led, -ling. 
 
 metal., metallurgy. 
 
 metamorphize, to trans- 
 form, not -ise, -ose. 
 
 metaph., metaphysics, 
 -ical, -ically, -ician, meta- 
 phor, -ical, -ically. 
 
 meteor., meteorology. 
 
 meter, 3937 inches, use 
 metre. 
 
 239 
 
METH. — MICROVOLT 
 
 Meth., Methodist, 
 methodize, not -ise. 
 in^^/er(Fr.m.), a handicraft. 
 metonymy, change of 
 
 name ; abbr. m,eton. 
 Met.R., MetropoHtan Rail- 
 way (London). 
 metre/, 39*37 inches, pi. -s, 
 
 abbr. too.. ; in Fr. tnhtre, 
 
 in Ger. Meter. 
 m,etrology, science of 
 
 weights and measures ; 
 
 abbr. m.etrol. 
 m.etronom.e, abbr. M., or 
 
 met. ; Maelzel's — , 
 
 M.M. 
 m.etrorLymic, name taken 
 
 metropol/is, pi. -ises ; 
 -it an ; abbr. metrop. 
 
 tnettrej au net (Fr.)^ to 
 make a fair copy ; — a la 
 question, to torture ; — 
 en question, to doubt. 
 
 meumf (Lat.), mine ; — 
 and tuum, mine and 
 thine, not el tuum. 
 
 Meux, pron. mewz. 
 
 Mex., Mexico, -an. 
 
 mezereon (bot.), not -eum. 
 
 mezzanine floor. 
 
 mezijo (It. mus.),>w. -a, 
 half, medium ; abbr. M. ; 
 pron. met'so. 
 
 mezzo-rilievo, mezzo- 
 soprano (hyphens). 
 
 mezzotint, a print from 
 an intaglio copper -plate 
 engraved by hand (one 
 word, not ital.). 
 
 M.F. (paper), mill-finish ; 
 mf (mus.), mezzo-forte 
 (rather loud) ; M.F.B., 
 Metropolitan Fire Brig- 
 ade ; mfd., manufac- 
 tured, (elec.) microfarad ; 
 mfg., manufacturing ; 
 M.F.H.*, Master of Fox- 
 hounds ; mfr., manufac- 
 ture, -er; mfrs., manufac- 
 tures, -ers. 
 
 M.G. (mus.), main gauche 
 (left hand), (Sw.) medical 
 
 gymnast ; Mg, mag- 
 nesium ; mg., milligram, 
 -s; M.Goth., Meso- 
 Gothic; M.Gr., Middle 
 Greek; Mgr, Monsignor, 
 Monseigneur,^/. Mgrs. 
 
 M.H. (Amer.), Master of 
 Horticulture ; MHG., 
 Middle High German (one 
 point only) ; M.H.K., 
 Member of the House of 
 Keys (I.O.M.). 
 
 mho (elec), unit of con- 
 ductivity. 
 
 M.Hon., Most Honourable. 
 
 Mhow, Ind., not Mau, 
 Mhau. 
 
 M.H.B., Member of the 
 House of Representatives. 
 
 M.I., Mounted Infantry. 
 
 miasm/a (Gr.), noxious 
 emanation ; pi. -ata. 
 
 Mic, Micah. 
 
 mi'Careme (la) (Fr.), 
 Mid-Lent ; pi. les mi- 
 carBmes (hyphens). 
 
 M.I.C.f]., erroneous for 
 M.Inst.C.E. 
 
 Mich., Michaelmas, Michi- 
 gan (ofiic. abbr.). 
 
 Michel (Louise), 1830- 
 1905, Fr. anarchist. 
 
 Michelangelo Buonar- 
 roti, 1475-1564, sculptor, 
 etc. (two words,not three). 
 
 Michigan, off. abbr. Mich. 
 
 Mickiewicz (Adam), 
 1 798- 1 855, Polish poet. 
 
 Micmac, N. Amer. Indians 
 (one word). 
 
 microcosm, the little world 
 {see also m.a-). 
 
 micro/farad (elec), the 
 millionth of a farad, abbr. 
 mfd.; -hm, ditto ohm ; 
 -millimetre, ditto milli- 
 metre, symbol ft ; -n, ditto 
 metre, 1/25,400 inch, 
 symbol ;li. 
 
 microphotograph/, -y 
 (one word). 
 
 micros., microscopy, -ist. 
 
 microvolt (elec), the mil- 
 lionth of a volt. 
 
 240 
 
MID. — MILI.MAN 
 
 Mid-Calder, Midlothian 
 
 (caps., hyphen). 
 midday (one word). 
 middle, abbr. M., or m.id. 
 middle/-aged, — -class 
 
 (hyphens). 
 Middle Ages (caps.). 
 middleman (one word). 
 Middlesbrough, Yorks, 
 
 not -borough. 
 Middleton (Baron), fam. 
 
 name Willoughby {see also 
 
 Midleton, Mydd-). 
 Mid. Iiat., Latin of the 
 
 Middle Ages. 
 Mid-Lent, fourth Sunday 
 
 in Lent (caps., hyphen). 
 Midleton (Viscount), 
 
 fam. name Brodrick {see 
 
 also Midd-, Mydd-). 
 Midlothian (one word). 
 midriff, not -if. 
 midships (one word). 
 Midsomer Norton, Som. 
 midsummer (one word). 
 Midsummer Day, 24 
 
 June (two words, caps.). 
 midw^inter (one word). 
 M.I.E.E., Member of the 
 
 Institution of Electrical 
 
 Engineers. 
 Miers (H. A.), 1858-, 
 
 mineralogist {see also 
 
 Myers, Myres). 
 mightst (no apos.). 
 Mignet (F. A. M.), 1796- 
 
 1884, Fr. historian. 
 mignonette (bot.) {see also 
 
 minionette). 
 migraine, a headache, not 
 
 megrim, -s. 
 M.I. J., use M.J.I. 
 tnijnheer, ordinary Dutch 
 
 form of address — as Sir; 
 
 in Ger. meiti Herr. 
 tnijoter (Fr.), to cook 
 
 slowly, 
 mil, one thousandth of an 
 
 inch (no point). 
 mil., military, militia. 
 Milbank (Sir Powlett 
 
 C. J.), 1852- {see also 
 
 MiU-). 
 
 Milbanke (Sir J. Peni- 
 
 ston), 1872- (see also 
 Mill-). 
 
 mileage, not milage. 
 
 mile/, -s, abbr. m. ; (typ.) 
 any considerable number 
 to be printed in figures ; 
 geogr. or naut. — , 6080 
 feet ; statute — , 5280 
 feet; in Fr. m. tnillejj -S. 
 
 Miles Platting, Man- 
 chester. 
 
 military, abbr. mil. 
 
 Military Academy, abbr. 
 M.A. 
 
 Militia, abbr. M., or mil. 
 
 Milky Way (astr.) (caps.). 
 
 mill, abbr. m. 
 
 Millbank, London, S.W. 
 {see also Milb-). 
 
 mille (Fr. m.), a thousand, 
 abbr. M. ; also a mile. 
 
 millenary, of a thousand. 
 
 millennium/, pi. -s (two 
 /'s, two m's). 
 
 mllle passu s (Lat.), 1000 
 paces or the Roman mile ; 
 abbr. M.P. 
 
 milleped (zool.), not -de, 
 milli-, millipede. 
 
 Miller & Richard's type 
 is '' revived old style," 
 as this. 
 
 Millers Dale, Derby. 
 
 Milles, family name of Earl 
 Sondes {see also Mills). 
 
 Millet (Aim6),r8 19-91, Fr. 
 sculptor ; — ( Jean-Pran- 
 9ois), 1814-75, Fr. painter. 
 
 milliampere, abbr. ma. 
 
 milliard, a thousand 
 millions. 
 
 milligram, '015 grain, 
 off. Board of Trade spell- 
 ing, not -mme ; abbr. for 
 one or more, mg. 
 
 millimetre, '03937 of an 
 inch, off. Board of Trade 
 spelling, not -er ; abbr. 
 for one or more, mm. 
 
 millionaire, not -onnaire. 
 
 milliped/, -e, use mille-. 
 
 Millman Street, Bedford 
 Row, London. 
 
 241 
 
 16 
 
MILL-REAM — MISCIBLE 
 
 mill-ream {see ream of 
 
 paper). 
 Mills, family name of Baron 
 
 Hillingdon {see also 
 
 Milles). 
 Milltown (Earl of) {see 
 
 also Milt-). 
 Milman (H. H., Dean), 
 
 1 791-1868. 
 Milman*s Street, Chelsea 
 
 (apos.). 
 Milne - Edwards (Al- 
 
 phonse) , 1 835- ; — Hen- 
 . ri), 1800-85, naturalists. 
 Milnes, pron. mills. 
 m.ilreis. Port, coin about 
 
 4s. 4d. Eng., wo/ -rea, mill- 
 
 ree, -ei. 
 Milton (Viscount) {see 
 
 a/so Mill-). 
 Miltown, Kerry. 
 Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 
 
 U.S.A. 
 M.I.M.E., Member of the 
 
 Institution of Mining 
 
 Engineers. 
 M.I.Mech.E., Member of 
 
 the Institution of Mech- 
 anical Engineers, 
 mimic/, -ked, -king, 
 min., minim, minimum, 
 
 mining, minister, minor, 
 
 minute, -s. 
 M.I.N.A., Member of the 
 
 Institution of Naval 
 
 Architects, 
 mince-meat (hyphen). 
 Minchinhampton, Glos 
 
 (one word). 
 Minehead, Somerset (one 
 
 word). 
 mineralize, not -ise. 
 mineralog/y, -ical, abbr. 
 
 mineral, 
 minever, use mini-. 
 Minie (C. ifi.), 1814-79, 
 
 inventor of rifle, etc. ; 
 
 pron. m!n'e. 
 minim, a drop; abbr. min., 
 
 sign 171. 
 minimize, nof -ise. 
 minim/um, pi. -a (not 
 
 ital.); abbr. min. 
 mining, abbr. min. 
 
 minion type, seven point, 
 ten lines to the inch, as this. 
 
 minionette (Amer. typ.), 
 a bastard body, 1 1^/4 lines 
 to the inch {see also mi- 
 gnonette). 
 
 minister, abbr. min. 
 
 Minister of Ways 
 of Communication 
 (Russ.) (caps.). 
 
 minium, red oxide of lead. 
 
 miniver, a fur, not -ever. 
 
 Minn., Minnesota, U.S.A. 
 (ofBc. abbr.). 
 
 Minneapolis, U.S.A. 
 
 minor, abbr. min. 
 
 Min./ Plen., Minister 
 Plenipotentiary ; — Hes., 
 ditto Residentiary. 
 
 M.Inst.C.E., Member of 
 the Institution of Civil 
 Engineers (oflSc), not 
 M.I.C.E. 
 
 Mint (the) (cap.). 
 
 minuet, a dance, or its 
 music, not -ette. 
 
 minus (Lat.), less {not 
 ital.), sign — . 
 
 tninusculjse (Lat.), lower- 
 case letters ; sing, -a, in 
 Fr. f. -e. 
 
 minute/, -s, abbr. m., or 
 min., sign ' ; — mark ('), 
 symbol for feet, minutes, 
 also placed after a syllable 
 on which the stress falls. 
 
 minuti/8B (Lat.), small de- 
 tails ; sing, -a (not ital.). 
 
 miny, mine-like, not -ey. 
 
 mlrabllej dicta (Lat.), 
 wonderful to relate ; — 
 visUy ditto see. 
 
 mirky, dark, use murky* 
 
 miry, mire-like, not -ey. 
 
 Mirzapur, Ind,, wo/ -pore. 
 
 misadvice, bad counsel. 
 
 misadvise, to give bad 
 counsel. 
 
 misc., miscellaneous, mis- 
 cellany. 
 
 miscellanea (Lat.), mis- 
 cellanies, \spl. 
 
 miscible, capable of being 
 mixed. 
 
 24a 
 
MISCTTE — M:.M. 
 
 of 
 
 xuiscue (billiards) (one 
 word). 
 
 misdemeanour, not -or. 
 
 ylftse (Fr.), marquise (mar- 
 chioness), not Mise. 
 
 mise en scdne (Fr. f.), 
 scenery, stage eflfect. 
 
 misfeasance, a wrongful 
 act ; (law) a trespass. 
 
 misfire, use miss-. 
 
 Mishna, a collection of 
 Jewish precepts, not -ah. 
 
 misle, use mizzle. 
 
 misletoe, use mistle-. 
 
 mismanagement. 
 
 misogamy, hatred 
 marriage. 
 
 misogyn/y, hatred of 
 women ; -ist. 
 
 misprint (typ.), a typo- 
 graphical error. 
 
 Miss., Mission, -ary, Mis- 
 sissippi (oflBc. abbr.). 
 
 missaj (Lat.), a religious 
 Mass ; — cantata, one 
 held without deacon and 
 subdeacon ; — catecbU' 
 menorum, one for 
 catechumens ; — fide- 
 lium, Mass of the 
 faithful. 
 
 Missal (Ger. typ.), forty- 
 four point type (cap.). 
 
 missel - thrush, use 
 
 mistle-. 
 
 misseltoe, use mistle-. 
 
 mis/send, to send incor- 
 rectly ; -sent. 
 
 missfire (one word), not 
 misf-. 
 
 misshapen (one word). 
 
 Mission/, -ary, abbr. Miss. 
 
 Mississippi, river and 
 State, U. S. A. ; offic. 
 abbr. Miss. 
 
 Missolonghi, Greece, not 
 Meso-. 
 
 Missouri, river and State, 
 U.S.A.; offic. abbr. Mo. 
 
 miis/ spell, -speak, 
 
 -spend, -spent, -state 
 (one word). 
 
 mist (naut.), abbr. m. 
 
 mistakable, not -cable. 
 
 Mister, abbr. Mr. (point, 
 should not end line). 
 
 mistle, use mizzle. 
 
 mistle - thrush, not 
 
 missel-. 
 
 mistletoe, not missel-, 
 misle-. 
 
 mistral (Fr. m.), cold 
 N.W. wind in S. France. 
 
 Mistress,abbr. Mrs. (point, 
 should not end line). 
 
 Mithridates, 136-63 b.c. 
 
 Mitilene, Greece, ms^ My-. 
 
 mitreing, not mitring. 
 
 Mitteilungl (Ger. f.), 
 communication, not 
 
 Mitth- ; pi. -en. 
 
 Mittel (Ger. typ. n.), 
 "English" type. 
 
 mixable, not -cable, -ible. 
 
 mizen (naut,), not -zzen. 
 
 mizzle, fine rain, not misle, 
 mistle. 
 
 M.J.I., Member of the 
 Institute of Journalists ; 
 M.J.S., Member of the 
 Japan Society. 
 
 Mk., mark (Ger. coin) ; 
 Mkt., Market. 
 
 M.I1., Licentiate in Mid- 
 wifery, Medieval Latin, 
 Middle Latin ; ML, mail; 
 M.Ij.A., Member of the 
 Legislative Assembly, 
 Modern Language Associ- 
 ation ; M.L.C, Member 
 of the Legislative Coun- 
 cil; MliG., Middle Low 
 German (one point only) ; 
 Mile, -s. Mademoiselle, 
 Mesdemoiselles (in Fr. 
 no point after abbr.) ; 
 M.Xj.H.G., muzzle-load- 
 ing rifled gun; M.L.S.C, 
 Member Lond. Society of 
 Compositors. 
 
 M.M. (Freemason.), Master 
 Mason, (Amer.) medical 
 man, (mus.) Maelzel's 
 metronome ; MM. (Their) 
 Majesties, 2000, (Fr.) Mes- 
 sieurs (Sirs) ; mm., mil- 
 limetre, -s ; m.m,, mutatis 
 mutandis (with the neces- 
 243 IG * 
 
M.M.E. — MOLYBDENUM 
 
 sary changes) ; M.M.E. 
 (Amen), Master of Me- 
 chanical Engineering ; 
 Mme (Fr.), Madame, 
 /)/. Mines (in Fr. no point 
 after the abbr.); M.M.P., 
 Military Mounted Police ; 
 M.M.S., Moravian Mis- 
 sionary Society ; M.Mus. 
 (Amer.), Master of Music. 
 
 Mn, manganese; M.N.A.S. 
 (Amer.), Member of the 
 National Academy of 
 Sciences ; M.W.I., Ma- 
 dras Native Infantry ; 
 M.N.S. (Amer.), Member 
 of the Numismatical So- 
 ciety. 
 
 M.O., Money Order, (Amer. ) 
 Master of Oratory ; Mo., 
 Missouri (offic. abbr.) ; 
 Mo, molybdenum; mo., 
 month, -s. 
 
 mob/, -bed, -bing. 
 
 m.obilize, not -ise. 
 
 moccasin, Ind. shoe, not 
 the many variations. 
 
 Mocha, coffee ; in Fr. m. 
 Moka. 
 
 mock-turtle soup (one 
 hyphen). 
 
 mod., moderate, modern. 
 
 mod., tnoderato. 
 
 mode (Fr. m.), method, 
 (gram.) mood; (f.)fashion. 
 
 model/, -led, -ler, -ling. 
 
 moderate, abbr. mod. 
 
 moderaio (It. mus.), 
 moderate ; abbr. Ztiod. 
 
 ModSrje,/em. -6e, a Mod- 
 erate in French politics. 
 
 modern, abbr. mod. 
 
 modem-face type, that 
 most used in newspapers, 
 as this. 
 
 modernize, not -ise. 
 
 modicum, a small quantity 
 (not ital.). 
 
 modif/y, -ied, -ying. 
 
 modiste (Fr. f.), milliner. 
 
 Modjeska (Helena), 
 
 1 844-, actress. 
 
 modo prasscrJpto (Lat.), 
 as directed. 
 
 Mods., Moderations, the 
 First Public Examination, 
 Oxford University. 
 
 modulus (math.), sign /i. 
 
 modusf operandi (Lat.), 
 a plan of working ; — 
 vivendif a temporary 
 arrangement pending de- 
 bate. 
 
 moelle de boeuf (Fr. cook. 
 f.), beef marrow. 
 
 Mceso- Gothic, use Me-. 
 
 Moet et Chandon, cham- 
 pagne manufacturers. 
 
 moeurs (Fr. f. pi.), 
 manners, customs. 
 
 Mogul, a Mongolian, not 
 Moghal, -hul, Mughal. 
 
 M.O.H., Medical Officer 
 of Health. 
 
 Mohammed*, founder of 
 Islam, not Mahomet, 
 Muhammad. 
 
 Moham.medan/*, -ism*, 
 not Mahomedan, -etan, 
 Mohammadan, Muham- 
 medan, -adan ; abbr. Mo- 
 ham. 
 
 Mohawk, Amer. Indian, 
 not Mohock. 
 
 Mohocks, band of London 
 ruffians i8th cent. 
 
 moirS (Fr.), watered. 
 
 mois (Fr. m.), month J 
 abbr.in/(s^^ a/so month). 
 
 Moka (Fr. m.), the best 
 coffee ; in Eng. Mocha. 
 
 molasses, not moll-. 
 
 Moleyns {de),pron. muV- 
 ens. 
 
 Molidre, stage-name of 
 Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, 
 1622-73, Fr. dram. 
 
 Moll (Ger. mus.), minor. 
 
 MoUah, use Mu-. 
 
 moUasses, use mola-. 
 
 mollusc, not -usk. 
 
 Moloch, a dread influence, 
 not -eck. 
 
 molio (It.), much, very. 
 
 mol. "wt., molecular 
 weight. 
 
 molybdenum, symbol 
 Mo. 
 
 244 
 
MOMBASA — MONTH 
 
 Mombasa, E. Africa, not 
 -assa. 
 
 moment/um, />/. -a (not 
 ital.). 
 
 Mommsen (Theodor), 
 i8i 7-1903, historian. 
 
 Mon., Monday. 
 
 Mon, Monmouthshire. 
 
 mon., monastery, mon- 
 etary. 
 
 monj ami (Fr.), fem. — 
 amiCy my friend -y—cher, 
 fem. ma cherCy my dear. 
 
 Monatsschrift (Ger. f.), 
 monthly journal (cap.). 
 
 Moncbsschrift (Ger. typ.), 
 pointed black letter (cap.). 
 
 Monck (Viscoiint) {see 
 also Monk). 
 
 MoncreifF (Baron). 
 
 Monereiffe (Sir R. D.). 
 
 MoncriefE"(SirA.), 1829- ; 
 — (Sir C. C. Scott-), 
 1836-. 
 
 Monday, abbr. M., or 
 Mon. 
 
 monde (Fr. m.), the 
 world, society. 
 
 mon Dieu ! (Fr.) really ! 
 
 monetize, not -ise. 
 
 Taoneyl, pi. -s, not -ies; 
 -ed, not monied ; — order, 
 abbr. M.O. {see also fig- 
 ures, punctuation, 
 XXI, 3). 
 
 Monghyr, Bengal. 
 
 mongoose, use mun-. 
 
 monk (typ.), a patch of 
 letterpress with too much 
 ink. 
 
 Monk Bretton (Baron) 
 {see also Monck). 
 
 Monmouthshire, abbr. 
 Mon. 
 
 monocle,a single eyeglass. 
 
 monoouslous, of identi- 
 cally the same substance. 
 
 monopol/ism, -ist, -ize, 
 
 -y. 
 
 Monroe doctrine. 
 
 Mons., this abbr. for 
 Monsieur must never be 
 used, it being regarded as 
 an insult in France. 
 
 Mon seigneur/ (Fr.), abbr. 
 Mgr ;/)/.Messeigneurs, 
 Mgrs {see also Monsi-\ 
 
 Monsieur/ (Fr.), Mr., Sir, 
 abbr. (to be used in third 
 person only) M. ;/>/. Mes- 
 sieurs, abbr. MM. ; — 
 Chose, Mr. What's-his- 
 name {see also Mons.). 
 
 Monsignor/, R.C.C. title, 
 abbr. Mgr. ; pi. -s, abbr. 
 Mgrs.; It. -Cypl. -/. 
 
 monsoon, not -son, -zoon. 
 
 Mont., Montana, U.S.A. 
 (offic. abbr.). 
 
 Mont Blanc (caps.). 
 
 mont'de-piit6 (Fr. m.). 
 Government pawnshop ; 
 pi. montS' (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 montIS (Fr.), fem. -Se, 
 prepared, or set up. 
 
 Monte Cristo, not — 
 Christo. 
 
 Montefiascone, It. wine, 
 not -SCO (one word). 
 
 Montenegr/o ; a native, 
 -in (one word). 
 
 Monte Ilosa,Switz. (caps., 
 two words). 
 
 Montesquieu (C. de S.), 
 1689-1755, Fr. writer; 
 pron. mont-es-kyuh', 
 
 Montesquieu (J. F. de), 
 assassinated the Prince 
 of Conde, 1569; — 
 (Madame de), guardian 
 of Napoleon's son. 
 
 Montevideo (one word). 
 
 Montgomerie, fam. name 
 of Earl of Eglinton ; — 
 (Alexander), 1556- 
 1610, Sc. poet. 
 
 Montgomery, second title 
 of Earl of Pembroke, town 
 and county in Wales, 
 also town in Alabama, 
 and Punjab. 
 
 month/, -s, abbr. m., or 
 mo. ; — (day of the) 
 (typ.), to be thus, 25 Jan., 
 not Jan. 25. In Fr. the 
 names of the months do 
 not take caps., as Janvier. 
 
 245 
 
MONTPEIiIER — MORHIS 
 
 Montpelier, Vermont, 
 U.S.A. 
 
 Montpellier, dep. Fr. 
 
 Mont-Saint-Michel, dep. 
 Manche, Fr. (caps., hy- 
 phens) ; in Cornwall, 
 Mount Saint Michael. 
 
 Montserrat, Sp. and Les- 
 ser Antilles (one word). 
 
 Montyon prizes, of Fr. 
 Academy, not Month-. 
 
 monyplies, use ma-. 
 
 Mooltan, not Mu-. 
 
 moon, abbr. m. ; sign for 
 new, ; first quarter, D ; 
 full, O '■> ^^st quarter, ^ . 
 
 moonlight (one word). 
 
 tnoonsbee, use munshi. 
 
 Moore (Sir John), 1761- 
 1809, General; — 
 (Thomas), 1 779-1852, 
 the "bard of Erin" {see 
 also More). 
 
 Mooslim, use Moslem, 
 
 Moosonee (Bp. of). 
 
 J^op/j -ped, -ping. 
 
 mop/e, -ed, -ing, -ish. 
 
 tnoqueujr {Fr.),/em. -se, 
 a mocker, mocking. 
 
 Mor., Morocco. 
 
 moral (Fr. m.), mental or 
 moral faculties, spirit (of 
 an army), not -le. 
 
 morale (Fr. f.), morals, 
 moral (of a fable). 
 
 moralize, not -ise. 
 
 Moray, or Elginshire, 
 not Morayshire. 
 
 morbidezza (It. art), ex- 
 treme delicacy. 
 
 morbus {cholera) (ital.). 
 
 morceauj (Fr. m.), a 
 morsel, also short mus. 
 piece ; pi. -x. 
 
 mordant, a dye fixer. 
 
 Mordaunt (Sir O. L'E.). 
 
 More (Hannah), 1745- 
 1833, religious writer ; 
 — (Sir Thomas), 1478- 
 1535, statesman (see also 
 Moore). 
 
 morel Hibernico (Lat.), 
 in Irish style ; — ma- 
 Jorum, ancestor-like. 
 
 morel, an edible fungus, 
 not -lie. 
 
 morello cherry, not -a. 
 
 moreover, not moro-. 
 
 Moresque, Moorish, not 
 Mau-. 
 
 more suo (Lat.), in his, 
 or her, own peculiar way. 
 
 Moreton (Baron) {see also 
 Morton). 
 
 Moreton-in-the-Marsh, 
 Glos. 
 
 Morgagni (Q. B.), 1682- 
 1771, anatomist. 
 
 morganatic marriage 
 (not caps.). 
 
 Morghen (R. S. C), 
 1 758-1833, engraver. 
 
 morgue (Fr. f.), a mortu- 
 ary ; haughtiness. 
 
 Morison (J. A. Cotter), 
 1832-88, writer {see also 
 Morr-). 
 
 Morland (George), 1763- 
 1804, painter. 
 
 Morley (Earl of). 
 
 Mornay (Duplessis-), 
 1549-1623, Fr. statesman. 
 
 morning, abbr. mom. 
 
 Morny (due de), 181 1- 
 65, Fr. statesman. 
 
 Morocc/o, abbr. Mor. ; 
 -an, not Ma-. 
 
 morocco leather (not 
 cap.) ; french — — , 
 a low grade with small 
 grain ; levant — — , 
 high grade with large 
 grain ; persian — — , 
 the best, usually finished 
 on the grain side. 
 
 morone, use maroon. 
 
 morph., morphology. 
 
 Morpheus, god of sleep, 
 not -aeus. 
 
 morphia, a drug. 
 
 morphoea, a skin dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Morphy (Paul), 1837-84, 
 chess player. 
 
 Morris (Gouverneur), 
 1752-1816, Amer. states- 
 man. 
 
 morris dance, not -ice — . 
 
 846 
 
MORBISON — MOUNT 
 
 Morrison (Kobert), 1 782- 
 
 1834, Chinese scholar {see 
 
 also Mori-\ 
 mortalize, not -ise. 
 "Morte Arthure,** Ar- 
 thurian tale, 
 mortgag/ee, one to whom 
 
 a mortgage is granted ; 
 
 -er, one who mortgages ; 
 
 in law, -or. 
 mortice, use -ise. 
 mortifiS (Jr. cook.), well 
 
 hung (of meat, etc.). 
 mortis causa (Lat., Sc. 
 
 law), in contemplation of 
 
 death, 
 mortise and tenon, a 
 
 joint for wood, not -ice 
 
 Morton (Earl of). 
 
 Morvan (Le), Fr. district. 
 
 Morven, the hills in Mull. 
 
 Morvem, Argyl. 
 
 Mosaic, of Moses. 
 
 m.osaic, inlaid. 
 
 Mosel/, Ger. river ; in Fr. t 
 -le. 
 
 Moseley, a Birmingham 
 suburb {see also Mosl-). 
 
 Moselle, a white wine. 
 
 Mosely Education 
 
 Commission, 1903 (see 
 also Moz-). 
 
 Moses* law. 
 
 Moslem, a follower of 
 Mohammed, not -im, 
 Mooslim, Muslim. 
 
 Mosley (Sir Oswald), 
 1848- {se£ also Mose-, 
 Moz-). 
 
 mosquito/, pi. -es, not 
 moscheto, musketoe, mus- 
 quito. 
 
 Most High, asDeity(caps,). 
 
 mot (Fr. m.), a word ; 
 mot k moty word for 
 word, abbr. m. k m. 
 
 motet (mus.), a sacred com- 
 position, not -ett, mottett. 
 
 •• Mother Hubberd*s 
 Tale," by Spenser, 1591. 
 
 mother-in-law, pi. mo- 
 thers ; mother-of- 
 pearl (hyphens). 
 
 motif (Fr. mus. m.), a 
 theme. 
 
 Motley (J. Lothrop), 
 1814-77, Amer. historian 
 {see also Mott-). 
 
 motley, a mixture, not -ly. 
 
 motoj (It. mus.), motion ; 
 Oin — , with more rapid 
 motion ; — COtltinuo, 
 constant repetition ; — 
 contrario, contrary 
 
 motion ; — obbliquo, 
 oblique motion ; — pne- 
 cedente, at the pre- 
 ceding pace ; — ptimo, 
 at the first pace ; — 
 retto, direct or similar 
 motion. 
 
 motor-car (hyphen). 
 
 mottl/e, -ed, -ing. 
 
 Mottley (John), 1692- 
 1750, dramatist (see also 
 Motl-). 
 
 motto/, pi. -es. 
 
 mota proprio (Lat.), of 
 his own accord. 
 
 moachard (Fr. m.), a 
 police spy. 
 
 moacboir {Fr. m.), pocket- 
 handkerchief. 
 
 moaezzitif use mue-. 
 
 mouflon (Fr. m.\ a wild 
 sheep, not moufF-, muf-. 
 
 mouillS (Fr.), softened, wet. 
 
 moujik, use muzhik. 
 
 mould, not mold. 
 
 moule (Fr. f.), mussel. 
 
 Moulmain, Burma, use 
 Maul-. 
 
 moult, a shedding, not molt. 
 
 Mounet-Sully (Jean), 
 1841-, Fr. actor. 
 
 Mount/, -ain, abbr. Mt. ; 
 pi. Mta 
 
 Mount Auburn, Mass., 
 noted cemetery; Mount- 
 cashell (Earl) (one 
 word) ; Mountcharles, 
 Donegal (one word) ; 
 Mount Charles, Corn- 
 wall (two words) ; 
 Mountcollins, Limerick 
 (one word) ; Mount 
 Edgcumbe (Earl of) 
 
 247 
 
MOUNTGARRET — M.S.B.L. 
 
 (two words); Mount- 
 garret (Viscount) (one 
 word) ; Mountmorres 
 (Viscount) (one word) ; 
 Mount Saint Michael, 
 Cornwall, in Fr. Mont- 
 Saint-Michel ; Mount 
 Stephen (Baron) (two 
 words). 
 
 Mourne Mountains, Ire. 
 
 mousselinej (Fr. f.), fine 
 
 muslin ; de-lainCf un- 
 
 twilled woollen cloth. 
 
 mousseujx (Fr.), /em, 
 -se, foaming, as wine. 
 
 moustache, not mus-. 
 
 mousy, moiKe-like, not 
 
 -ey. 
 
 moutarde (Fr. f.), mus- 
 tard. 
 
 mouthpiece (one word). 
 
 mouton (Fr. m.), mutton. 
 
 movable, in legal work 
 moveable. 
 
 Mowat (Sir Oliver).. 
 
 Mowatt (Sir Francis). 
 
 lllO|yeil/(Fr.m.\medium; — 
 Sge (/e),the Middle Ages. 
 
 moyenne (Fr. f.), average. 
 
 Mozart (W. A.), 1756-91, 
 Austrian composer. 
 
 Mozartean, not -ian. 
 
 Mozley (J. B.), 1813-78, 
 theologian. 
 
 M.P., Member of Parlia- 
 ment, Methodist Protest- 
 ant, Metropolitan Police, 
 mtlle passus (a. thou- 
 sand paces — the Roman 
 mile), Municipal Police, 
 (Amer.) Master of 
 Painting ; mp (It. mus.), 
 mezzo-piano; M.P.C, 
 Member of Parliament, 
 Canada ; M.Ph. (Amer.), 
 Master of Philosophy ; 
 M.P.Ij. (Amer.), Master 
 of Polite Literature ; 
 M.P.P., Member of 
 Provincial Parliament ; 
 M.P.S., Member of the 
 Pharmaceutical Society 
 (of Great Britain), ditto 
 Philological Society. 
 
 M.K., Master of the 
 Rolls, Midland Railway ; 
 Mr.,- Master, Mister, 
 pL Messrs. (point at 
 end, neither should end 
 a line) ; MJI.A.S., 
 Member of the Royal 
 Asiatic Society, ditto 
 Royal Academy of Sci- 
 ence; M.R.C.C., ditto 
 Royal College of Chem- 
 istry ; M.R.C.O., ditto 
 Organists ; M.R.C.P.*, 
 ditto Royal College of 
 Physicians; M:R.C.P.E., 
 ditto of Edinburgh ; 
 M.R.C.P.I., ditto of Ire- 
 land ). M.R.C.S.*, ditto 
 Royal College of Sur- 
 geons ; M.R.C.S.E., 
 ditto of Edinburgh ; 
 MJI.C.S.I., ditto of 
 Ireland ; M.R.C.V.S., 
 ditto Royal College of 
 Veterinary Surgeons ; 
 M.R.I., ditto Royal In- 
 stitution ; M.R.I. A., ditto 
 Royal Irish Academy ; 
 Mrs., Mistress (point at 
 end, should not end a line) ; 
 M.R.S.Ij., Member of the 
 Royal Society of Litera- 
 ture; M.R.TJ.S.I., ditto 
 Royal United Service In- 
 stitution. 
 
 MS., ntanuscriptwm (manu- 
 script), pi. MSS. (large 
 caps., point at end only 
 for both) {see also manu- 
 script) ; M.S., Master 
 of Science, ditto Surgery, 
 memoriae sacrum (sacred 
 to the memory of), 
 (It. mus.) mano sinistra 
 (the left hand) ; M.S. A., 
 Member of the Society of 
 Apothecaries (of London), 
 also of Arts ; (Amer.) 
 Master of Scientific Agri- 
 culture, ditto Science and 
 Arts; M.S. & L.R., 
 Manchester, Sheffield, and 
 Lincoln {now Great Cen- 
 tral) Railway; M.S.B.L., 
 
 248 
 
M.S.C. — MURDOCH 
 
 Member (late) School 
 Board, London; M.S.C., 
 Madras Staff Corps, 
 Medical Staff Corps ; 
 M.Sc., Master of Science 
 (Durham and Victoria 
 Univ.) ; M.S.D. (Amer.), 
 Master of Scientific Di- 
 dactics; M.S.H., Master 
 of Staghounds ; m.S.l., 
 mean sea-level ; MSS., 
 ntanuscripta (manuscripts) 
 {see also manuscript). 
 
 M.T., Massoretic Text (of 
 Old Test.) ; (railway) 
 emptycoach;Mt., Mount, 
 -ain ; Mt. Rev., Most 
 Reverend ; Mts., Moun- 
 tains. 
 
 Much Dewchurch, Here- 
 ford ; Much Wenlock, 
 Salop (two words). 
 
 Muckross, Killarney, Ire- 
 land. 
 
 mucous (adj.). 
 
 mucus (noun). 
 
 mud/, -died, -dying. 
 
 Mudki, Punjab, not Mood- 
 kee. 
 
 tnuezzln, Mohammedan 
 crier, noi mou-. 
 
 mufPetee, a wristlet. 
 
 mufti (Arab.), a magistrate, 
 not -tee (ital.). 
 
 xuufti (in), in civilian, dress 
 (not ital.). 
 
 Mughal, use Mogul. 
 
 miigwump (Amer. poli- 
 tics) (one word). 
 
 Muhammad, use Mo- 
 hammed. 
 
 Miihlhausen, Saxony. 
 
 mulatto/, pi. -es. 
 
 m.ulch, half- rotten veget- 
 able matter, not -sh. 
 
 mulet {Fr.m.), grey mullet, 
 also he-mule. 
 
 Miilhausen, Alsace. 
 
 mull of (to make a), not 
 mol. 
 
 Mullah, Moham. title of 
 respect, not the many 
 variations. 
 
 mullein (bot.), not -en. 
 
 Miiller (F.M. or "Max »*), 
 1 823 -1 900, philologist. 
 
 mulligatawny, a soup, 
 not muli-, mulla-. 
 
 mullion (building), not 
 munnion. 
 
 Mulock (Dinah M., later 
 Mrs. Craik), 1826-87, 
 wrote "John Halifax." 
 
 mulsh, use mulch. 
 
 Mult an, Punjab, use "Moo-. 
 
 multimillionaire, a pos- 
 sessor of several million 
 pounds (one word). 
 
 multiple mark (typ.), the 
 sign of multiplication x . 
 
 multiplepoinding (Sc. 
 law) (one word). 
 
 multum in parvo (Lat.), 
 much in small compass. 
 
 mumbo-jumbo, an object 
 of popular homage (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 Miincazy, see Munkdcsy. 
 
 " Munchausen (Baron), 
 Adventures of** ; Ger. 
 Miinchhausen. 
 
 Miinchen, Ger. for 
 Munich. 
 
 mungoose/, not the many 
 variations ; //. -s. 
 
 municipalize,etc.,«o/-ise. 
 
 Munk^csy (Mihdly), 
 pseudonym of Michael 
 Lieb, 1844-, Hungarian 
 painter. 
 
 Munnepoor, use Mani- 
 pur. 
 
 munnion, use mull-. 
 
 Munro-rerguson(R.C.), 
 i86o-,politician(hyphen). 
 
 muttslii (Ind.), a writer, 
 not moonshee. 
 
 Munster, Ireland. 
 
 Miinster, Alsace, West- 
 phalia. 
 
 mujitjac, a S. Asian deer, 
 not -jack, -jak. 
 
 Muntz*s metal. 
 
 mur (Fr. m.), a wall. 
 
 mur (Fr. adj.), ripe. 
 
 Murano glass. 
 
 Murdoch (John), 1747- 
 1824, friend of Burns. 
 
 249 
 
MURDOCK — MY 
 
 Murdock (William), 
 1 754- 1839, inventor of 
 coal - gas lighting, not 
 -och. 
 
 miire (Fr. f.), mulberry. 
 
 murky, dark, not mi-. 
 
 Miirreii, Oberland, Switz. 
 
 murrhine, fluorspar ware, 
 not murrine, myrrhine. 
 
 Murroe, Tipperary. 
 
 Murrough, Clare. 
 
 Murrow^, Wisbech. 
 
 Murshidabad, Bengal. 
 
 m.us., museum, music, -al. 
 
 Musalman, «,s^ Miissul-. 
 
 Mus.B. or Bac, Bachelor 
 of Music. 
 
 muscja (Lat.), a fly ; pi. -as. 
 
 m.uscadel, a Fr. or It. 
 wine, also a pear and a 
 dried grape, «o^-dine, -tel. 
 
 Muschelkalk (geol.), shell 
 limestone (cap.). 
 
 Muscji, the true mosses ; 
 smg. -US. 
 
 Mus.D. or Doc, Musicx 
 Doctor (Doctor of Music). 
 
 museography, museum 
 work, not musse-. 
 
 Muses (the nine). Cal- 
 liope, Clio, Erato, Eu- 
 terpe, Melpomene, Poly- 
 hymnia, Terpsichore, 
 Thalia, Urania. 
 
 museum, abbr. mus. 
 
 Music (Bachelor of). 
 abbr. Mus.B. or Bac. ; 
 — (Doctor of), abbr. 
 Mus.D. or Doc; — 
 (Master of), Camb., 
 abbr. Mus.M. 
 
 music/, -al,abbr. mus. ; — 
 demy, a paper 20^4 
 X 14!% in. ; — paper, that 
 ruled for writing music 
 upon; — type, that for 
 printing music. 
 
 Musigny, a red Burgundy 
 wine. 
 
 musjid (Arab.), a mosque, 
 not mas-, mes-. 
 
 Muslim, use Moslem. 
 
 muslin-de-laitiy use 
 
 mousseline de-laine. 
 
 Mus.M., Master of Music 
 (Cambridge). 
 
 musquito, use mos-. 
 
 Mussalman,Ms^ Mussul- . 
 
 Musselburgh, Midlothian, 
 not -borough. 
 
 Mussul/man, a Moham- 
 medan, a Moslem, not 
 the many variations ; pi. 
 -mans, not -men. 
 
 mustache, use mous-. 
 
 Mustafabad, N.W. Prov., 
 Oudh, Punjab. 
 
 Mustapha, Algeria. 
 
 mustn't (typ.), to be close 
 up. 
 
 Musulm&n, use Mussul- 
 man. 
 
 mutandlum (Lat.), any- 
 thing to be altered ; pi. -a. 
 
 mutatis mutandis (Lat.), 
 with the necessary 
 changes; abbr. m.m. 
 
 "mutual" friend, often 
 objected to, though used 
 by Burke, Dickens, Lyt- 
 ton, Sterne, and others. 
 
 Muzaffarpur, Bengal. 
 
 muzhik, Russian peasant, 
 not moujik, mujik ; /em. 
 muzhltekka. 
 
 Muzio gambit, a chess 
 opening. 
 
 M.V. (Amer.), Medicus 
 Veterinarius (Veterinary 
 Physician) ; m. V. (It. 
 vciw%.')^mezzavoce{y^\\M\2\i 
 voice-power) ; M.V.O., 
 Member (of fourth or fifth 
 class) of the (Royal) Vic- 
 torian Order. 
 
 M.W., Most Worshipful, 
 — Worthy; M.W.B., 
 Metropolitan Water 
 
 Board ; M.W.P., Most 
 Worthy Patriarch. 
 
 myall-wood, hard violet- 
 scented wood (hyphen). 
 
 myceli/um (bot.), pi. -a. 
 
 Mycenaean, of Mycenae. 
 
 Myddelton Square, 
 
 Clerkenwell {seealso Mi-). 
 
 MydearSir,(in letters, two 
 caps, only, comma at end). 
 
 250 
 
Myers (Ernest), 1844-, 
 writer ; — (F. W. H.), 
 1843-1901, writer and 
 spiritualist {see also 
 Miers, Myres). 
 
 myosotis, the forget-me- 
 not. 
 
 Myres (John Linton), 
 1 869-, archaeologist {see 
 also Miers, Myers). 
 
 Myriapoda, twt Myrio-. 
 
 myrobalan, a plum, not 
 -bo Ian. 
 
 myrrhine, use murr-. 
 
 MYEBS — MYTUiENE 
 
 myrtille (Fr. f.), bilberry, 
 myrtle, not -tel. 
 Mysore, Deccan, not 
 
 Maisur. 
 myst., mysteries. 
 mytacism, the wrong or 
 
 too frequent use of '' m," 
 
 not me-, 
 myth., mythology, -ical. 
 mjrthologize, etc., not 
 
 -ise. 
 niythopoeic,myth-making, 
 
 not -paeic, -peic. 
 Mytilene, Greece, notWi-. 
 
 251 
 
M NOTES 
 
 25a 
 
M NOTES 
 
 253 
 
N. — NAIVETE 
 
 N 
 
 IN"., Norse, north, -ern. 
 Northern postal district, 
 London, all proper names 
 with this initial, the 
 thirteenth in a series, 
 (Fr.) nord (north), (Lat.) 
 nomjetif -ina (name, -s), 
 noster (our), (mag.) 
 symbol of magnetic flux. 
 
 N, nitrogen. 
 
 (N.)> Nationalist, (naval) 
 navigating, -ion. 
 
 n., nail (2^/4 inches), name, 
 nephew, neuter, new, 
 nominative,noon, note, -s, 
 noun. 
 
 «., (Fr.) nous (we, us), 
 (Lat.) natus (born), node 
 (at night). 
 
 n (math.), an indefinitely 
 large quantity. 
 
 13/ (Fr.), before a verb, 
 nous (we, us). 
 
 h (Sp.), called *'m with 
 the tilde," or " Spanish 
 M " ; pron. as ni in onion. 
 
 N.A., National Academy, 
 -ician. Nautical Almanac, 
 North America, -n. 
 
 Wa, natrium (sodium). 
 
 n/a (^banking), no ac- 
 count. 
 
 N.A.A., National Artillery 
 Association. 
 
 I^aas, Ire., pron. nas ; also 
 Norway, the home of 
 "sloid." 
 
 nabob, Indian provincial 
 governor (not cap.). 
 
 Nabuchodonosor, see 
 Nebuchadnezzar. 
 
 nach Christi Geburt 
 (Ger.), = A.D. ; abbr. 
 n, Chn (sfe alsovor ). 
 
 Nachdruck (Ger. typ. m.), 
 reprint, pirated edition ; 
 nachdrucken, to re- 
 printj or pirate. 
 
 Nachmittag (Ger. m.), 
 
 afternoon ; abbr. Nm. 
 nachmittags (Ger. adv.), 
 
 p.m. ; abbr. "NTni. 
 Nachtigal (Qustav), 
 
 1834-85, Ger. traveller. 
 nacre, mother-of-pearl (not 
 
 ital.). 
 nacr6 (Fr.), like mother-of- 
 pearl (ital.). 
 N.A.D." (Amer.), National 
 
 Academy of Design. 
 naBnia, use ne-. 
 Naesmyth (Sir M. G.), 
 
 1828 , engineer {see also 
 
 Nasmyth). 
 nasve, a skin blemish, 
 
 " mother's mark," not 
 
 ne- ; in Lat. nasvjus, 
 
 pi. -I. 
 Naga Hills, Assam. 
 Nagar, Bengal, Madras, 
 
 Mysore. 
 -nagar (Indian suffix), a 
 
 town, as Ahmednagar, 
 
 not -naggore, -nagore, 
 
 -nugger, -ur. 
 Nagasaki, Japan, not 
 
 Nang-. 
 Nageli (K. W. von), 
 
 1817-91, Ger. botanist. 
 Nagpur, India, wo/ -pore. 
 Nahum, Old Test., no 
 
 abbr. 
 Naiad, not Naid. 
 nai^ artless, use naive ; 
 
 in Fr. nalilf,fem. -ve. 
 nail, 2^/4 inches ; abbr. n. 
 Naini Tal, N.W. India, 
 nainsook, Ind. muslin, not 
 
 -zook. 
 Nairne (Baroness, nee 
 
 Caroline Oliphant), 1776- 
 
 1845, Sc. poetess. 
 Nairnshire, Scotland. 
 naive, artless, not nai-, naif. 
 naivetS (Fr. f.), artless- 
 
 ness. 
 
 254 
 
NALSON — NATURE 
 
 Nalson (John), 1838-86, 
 theologian and historian. 
 
 namable, not name-. 
 
 Kamaqualandy S. Afr. 
 (one word). 
 
 namby-pamby, weakly 
 sentimental (hyphen). 
 
 name, abbr. n. 
 
 nameable, use nam.able. 
 
 namely, preferred to viz. 
 
 naraesake (one word). 
 
 names of ships (typ.), 
 to be roman double- 
 quoted, not italic. 
 
 "N. & Q.'*, *' Notes and 
 Queries." 
 
 nankeen, fabric, not -kin. 
 
 iCfansen (Fridtjof), 
 
 1861-, Arctic traveller. 
 
 Nantucketlsland, U . S A . 
 
 Naoroji (Dadabhai), 
 1 825-, first Parsi M.P. 
 
 Nap., Napoleon. 
 
 nap/, -ped, -ping. 
 
 nap, a card game. 
 
 naphtha, hut Fels- 
 K"aptha. 
 
 Napierian logarithms, 
 not -perian. 
 
 napoleon, in Fr. m. napo- 
 leon, 20-franc coin. 
 
 napoUtaine {h la) (Fr. 
 cook.), in Neapolitan style 
 (not cap. n.). 
 
 nappe (math.), a cone. 
 
 Narbada, Ind. river, see 
 Nerbudda. 
 
 narciss/us,/>/. -i (not ital.). 
 
 narghile (Pers., Turk.), 
 Oriental pipe, not -gile, 
 -h, -gili. 
 
 Narragansett, Rhode I., 
 U.S.A., not -et. 
 
 narrow measure (typ.), 
 type composed in narrow 
 widths, as in columns. 
 
 narwhal, the sea-unicorn, 
 not -e, -wal. 
 
 N.A.S. (Amer.), National 
 Academy of Science. 
 
 nasalize, not -ise. 
 
 N.A.S.E. (Amer.), Na- 
 tional Academy of Station- 
 ary Engineers. 
 
 Nash (Richard, or 
 "Beau"), 1674-1762, 
 Bath Master of Cere- 
 monies. 
 
 Nash or Nashe (Tho- 
 mas), 1567-1601, sa- 
 tirist. 
 
 Nasirabad, India. 
 
 Nasmith (.James), 1740- 
 1808, theol. and antiq. 
 
 Nasmyth (James), 1808- 
 90, engineer ; Nasmyth 
 hammer, not -th's {see 
 also Nae-). 
 
 nasturtium/ (bot.), not 
 -ian, -ion ; pi. -s. 
 
 Nat., Natal, Nathanael, 
 -iel, National. 
 
 nat., natural, -ist. 
 
 nat. hist., natural his- 
 tory. 
 
 National/, abbr. Nat. ; — 
 Academy, -ician, abbr. 
 N.A. ; — Assemblies 
 {see Assemblies). 
 
 Nationalist, abbr. (N.). 
 
 nationalize, not -ise. 
 
 nations and places, as 
 adjectives or nouns, in 
 frequent commercial use, 
 need no cap., as french 
 polish, -er, morocco lea- 
 ther, plaster of paris, 
 Prussian blue, turkey red, 
 and many others. 
 
 native oyster, one raised 
 on an artificial bed. 
 
 nat./ ord., natural order ; 
 — phil., — philosophy. 
 
 Nat. Sc.D. (Amer.), Doc- 
 tor of Natural Science. 
 
 natt/y, -ily. 
 
 natura (Lat.\ nature. 
 
 natural/, -ist, abbr. nat. 
 
 natural (mus.), sign b. 
 
 naturalia (Lat.), the sex- 
 ual organs. 
 
 naturalize, not -ise. 
 
 Natura non facit saltum 
 (Lat.), Nature makes no 
 leaps. 
 
 nature, the processes of 
 the material world ; cap. 
 only when personified. 
 
 255 
 
NATUREL — NEELD 
 
 naturel (au) (Fr. cook.), 
 plainly prepared. 
 
 nature-printing, a pro- 
 cess by which objects are 
 so impressed on a soft 
 metal plate as to engrave 
 themselves, copies being 
 then taken for printing. 
 
 natUS (Lat,), born ; abbr. n. 
 
 naught, nothing, not nou-, 
 
 OU-. 
 
 Wauheim (Bad), Grand 
 duchy of Hesse. 
 
 nautchf Ind. dancing en- 
 tertainment, also adj., not 
 natch. 
 
 nautical/, abbr. naut. ; 
 — mile, 6080 feet. 
 
 NauticalAlnianac(typ.), 
 no quotation marks ; abbr. 
 N.A. 
 
 nautil/us, pi. -i. 
 
 nav., naval, navigation. 
 
 Navaho/, N. Amer. Indian; 
 pi. -es. 
 
 navarln (Fr. cook, m.), 
 a stev^r of mutton or lamb. 
 
 Navarrese, of Navarre. 
 
 Nav. Const., Naval Con- 
 structor. 
 
 navet (Fr. m.), turnip. 
 
 navigat/ing, -ion, abbr, 
 (N.), or nav. 
 
 Wavy and Army (the), 
 in toasts, etc., the Navy 
 precedes, being the senior 
 service. 
 
 "Navy Ijist"(no hyphen). 
 
 Nazarene, native of Naza- 
 reth. 
 
 N.B., New Brunswick (see 
 also Scotland) ; N.B.j 
 Hota bene (mark well) ; 
 Nb, niobium; N.B.R., 
 North British Railway ; 
 n. Br. (Ger.), nordliche 
 Breite (north latitude). 
 
 N.C., North Carolina 
 (offic.) ; n. Cbr. (Ger.), 
 nach Christo or nach 
 Christi Geburt (= a.d.) ; 
 N.C.O., Non-com mis- 
 sionedOfficer,-s;lSr.C.U., 
 National Cyclists' Union. 
 
 N.-D. (Fr.), Notre-Dame; 
 n.d., no date ; N.D.A. 
 (Amer.), National Dip- 
 loma in Agriculture ; 
 N. Dak., North Dakota 
 (offic); N.D.L., Nord- 
 deutscher Lloyd. 
 
 N.E., new edition, New 
 England, U.S.A., north- 
 east {see also compass), 
 North-Eastern postal dis- 
 trict, London, (Fr.) nord- 
 est (north-east). 
 
 nS (Fr. m.)^fem. nSe, born. 
 
 n/e (bank.), no effects. 
 
 !N"eal (Daniel), 1678- 1743, 
 Puritan writer ; — 
 (John), 1793-1876, 
 
 Amer. writer {see also 
 Neele, Neill). 
 
 Neale (John Mason), 
 1818-66, hymnologist. 
 
 Neanderthal skull. 
 
 Neapolitans, inhabitants 
 of Naples. 
 
 neap-tide (hyphen). 
 
 near, abbr. nr. 
 
 Nearctic, not Neoarctic. 
 
 neat*s-foot oil. 
 
 Nebr., Nebraska (offic. 
 abbr.). 
 
 Nebuchad/nezzar (Na- 
 buchodonosor inApocr. 
 and the Vulgate ; -rezzar, 
 in Jer. xliii. 10, etc.). 
 
 nebul/a, pi. -as. 
 
 nebulize, not -ise. 
 
 a6cessaire (Fr. m.), a 
 dressing-case. 
 
 Neckar, river, Wurtem- 
 berg. 
 
 Necker (Jacques), 1732- 
 1804, Fr. statesman. 
 
 nec pluribus impar 
 (Lat.), a match for many 
 (motto of Louis XIV). 
 
 nectarial, not -eal. 
 
 nectarize, not -ise. 
 
 N.E.D., " New English 
 Dictionary," use O.E.D. 
 ("Oxford English Dic- 
 tionary"). 
 
 needlework (one word). 
 
 Neeld (Sir A. D.), 1849-. 
 
 256 
 
KEELE — WEST 
 
 Neele (Henry), 1798- 
 1828, poet (5^^ also If eal, 
 NeiU). 
 
 neelghau, an antelope, 
 use nUgau. 
 
 ne*er/, never ; (typ.) close 
 up ; — -do-weel (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 ne exeat regno (law), a 
 writ to restrain a person 
 from leaving the kingdom. 
 
 ne fasti (dies) (Lat.), blank 
 days. 
 
 Nefftzer (Auguste), 
 1820-76, Fr. publicist. 
 
 neg., negative, -ly. 
 
 nSg. (Fr.), negation (nega- 
 tion). 
 
 negatur (Lat.), it is denied. 
 
 negleetable, use neglig- 
 ible. 
 
 nSgligS (Fr. m.), undress. 
 
 negligible, not -cable. 
 
 negotiate, not -ciate. 
 
 Negretti & Zambra, 
 opticians, London. 
 
 negrillo/, not -ilo ; pi. -es. 
 
 negrito/, pi. -es. 
 
 negro/, pi. -es. 
 
 negroid, not -rooid. 
 
 Negus, title of Emperor 
 of Abyssinia. 
 
 negus, port-wine punch. 
 
 Neh., Nehemiah. 
 
 n.e.i., non est inventus (he 
 has not been found). 
 
 neige (Fr. cook, f.), whisked 
 white of egg. 
 
 neighbour/, -hood, not -or. 
 
 Neilgherry Hills, S. 
 Ind., use Nilgiri — . 
 
 Neill (Patrick), d. 1705, 
 first printer in Belfast; 
 , 1776-1851, Sc. nat- 
 uralist ; pron. neel {see also 
 Neal, Tfeele). 
 
 neither, is followed by 
 singular verb. 
 
 nematoid, not -ode. 
 
 nem. con,, nemine contradi- 
 cente; — dis., — dissent- 
 iente. 
 
 Nemean, of Nemea, not 
 -sean. 
 
 Nemesis (cap.). 
 nemine] coniradicente 
 
 (Lat.), unanimously, abbr. 
 nem. con, ; — dis- 
 sentientCf no one dis- 
 senting, abbr. nem. dis. 
 
 nemoj (Lat.), nobody ; — 
 me impune lacessit 
 (Lat.), no one attacks 
 me with impunity (motto 
 of Scotland, and of the 
 Order of the Thistle). 
 
 nemophila (bot.). 
 
 N.Eng., New England. 
 
 nenia, an elegy, not nae-. 
 
 ne nimium (Lat.), shun 
 excess. 
 
 nenuphar, the great white 
 water-lily. 
 
 neo-Christianity (cap. 
 C only), 
 
 Neocomian Cgeol.) (cap.). 
 
 neo-Darwin/ian, -ism, 
 neo-Lamarckian (hy- 
 phen, one cap.). 
 
 neologize, to use new 
 terms, not -ise. 
 
 neo-Platon/ic, -ism (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 Nep., Neptune. 
 
 Nepal, India, not -aul. 
 
 Nepean, pron. nep-een'. 
 
 nephew, abbr. n. 
 
 nel plus ultra (Lat.), per- 
 fection ; — quid nimis, 
 be wisely moderate. 
 
 N.E.K., North - Eastern 
 Railway (hyphen). 
 
 Nerbudda, Indian river, 
 more correctly Narbada. 
 
 nereid/, pi. -s. 
 
 Neri (Saint Philip), 
 1515-95, founder of the 
 Congregation of the Ora- 
 tory. 
 
 Nernst, electric lamp. 
 
 nero-antico (It.), a black 
 marble. 
 
 Nesbit(E.), 1858-, writer. 
 
 Nesbitt (Rev. J. J.), 
 1 865-, writer. 
 
 Nessler*s test (chem.). 
 
 n*est-ce pasF (Fr.), isn't 
 that so? 
 257 17 
 
NET — NEWTON 
 
 net, not subject to deduc- 
 tion, not nett. 
 
 net/, -ted, -ting. 
 
 Neth., Netherlands. 
 
 nett, not subject to deduc- 
 tion, use net. 
 
 nettle-rash (hyphen). 
 
 network (one word), 
 
 Neuchatel, Switz. 
 
 Neufch&teljAisne, France. 
 
 Neuilly, dep. Seine, Fr. 
 
 neurasthenia, not neu- 
 roas-. 
 
 neurine, not -in. 
 
 Neuropter/on, pi. -a. 
 
 neuter, abbr, n., or neut. 
 
 neutralize, not -ise. 
 
 Nev., Nevada (offic. abbr.). 
 
 n§v€{Yx. m.), glacier snow. 
 
 never/-ending, — -fail- 
 ing (hyphens). 
 
 nevermore (one word). 
 
 Nevill, family name of 
 Marquess of Abergavenny. 
 
 Neville, family name of 
 Baron Braybrooke. 
 
 new, abbr. n. 
 
 New^begin, Yorks. 
 
 Newbiggin, Durham, 
 Northumb.,Westmorland, 
 Yorks. 
 
 Newbigging, Forfar, Lan- 
 ark. 
 
 Newborough (Baron). 
 
 New Brumswick, abbr. 
 N.B. 
 
 Newburgh (Earl of). 
 
 Newcastle/-under- 
 
 Lyme; upon-Tyne 
 
 (hyphens). 
 
 new-comer (hyphen). 
 
 Newdegate (Lady New- 
 d/gate-, not Newde-), 
 writer. 
 
 Newdigate (Sir H. B. 
 Legge), 1 832-, Lieut. - 
 Gen. ; — (Sir Boger), 
 1 7 19-1806, founder of 
 Oxford prize poem, 
 new edition, abbr. N.E. 
 
 {see also title pages), 
 new^fangled (one word). 
 New Forest, Hants (two 
 words) ; Newfoundland 
 
 258 
 
 (one word), abbr. NP. ; 
 New Hampshire, 
 U.S.A., abbr. N.H., never 
 abbr. as — Hants ; New^- 
 haven, near Edin., Sus- 
 sex (one word) ; New 
 Haven, Connecticut, 
 U.S.A. (two words); 
 New Hebrides, abbr. 
 N.Heb. ; New Jersey, 
 U.S.A.,abbr.N.J.;New 
 Mexico, abbr. N.Mex. 
 
 Newmilns, Ayrshire. 
 
 Newnam, Georgia, U.S.A. 
 
 Newnes (Sir George), 
 1851-, publisher; pron. 
 newnz'. 
 
 Newnham College, Cam- 
 bridge (for ladies). 
 
 Newnham-Davls 
 (Lieut.- Colonel Na- 
 thaniel), 1854-, writer. 
 
 New Orleans, abbr. N.O. 
 
 new paragraph (typ.), 
 abbr. new par., or n.p., 
 sign •[[, or [. 
 
 New Quay, Cardigan 
 (two words). 
 
 Nevv^quay, Cornwall (one 
 word) ; pron. new'key. 
 
 New Bed Sandstone 
 (geol.) (caps.). 
 
 New South Wales (three 
 words, caps., no hyphen) ; 
 abbr. N.S.W. 
 
 newspapers (titles of) 
 (typ.), when cited, to 
 be roman double-quoted ; 
 s.caps. only when in the 
 paper itself. 
 
 new^svender, not -or. 
 
 New Testament, abbr. 
 N.T., or New Test. ; for 
 abbr. of books in, see their 
 names. 
 
 Newton-le-Willow^s, 
 Lanes, Yorks (hyphens); 
 Newtonmore, Inver- 
 ness (one word) ; New- 
 ton Poppleford, Devon 
 (two words) ; New^ton 
 Stewart, Kirkcudbright 
 (two words, s^^ fl/50 New- 
 town — ). 
 
NEWTOWNARDS — NIEBELUWGElSrLIED 
 
 Newtownards, Co. Down 
 (one word) ; Newtown- 
 butler, Fermanagh (one 
 word) ; Newtown- 
 
 cunningham, London- 
 derry (one word) ; New- 
 townforbes, Co. Long- 
 ford (one word) ; New- 
 townmountkennedy, 
 Wicklow (one word) ; 
 Nevvtownsands, Lim- 
 erick (one word) ; New- 
 town Stewart, Tyrone 
 (two words, see also 
 Newton — ). 
 
 New Twopot House, 
 Mallow (three words). 
 
 New Year's Day (caps.). 
 
 New York, Durham, 
 Lines, Northumb. ; in 
 U.S.A. off. abbr. for city 
 or state N.Y. (two 
 words). 
 
 New-Yorker, inhabitant 
 of New York (hyphen). 
 
 New Zealand, abbr. N.Z. 
 
 nex/us(Lat.), a tie ; pL -us, 
 
 Ney (Michel), 1769-1815, 
 French marshal. 
 
 nez retroussS (Fr. m.), 
 an upturned nose. 
 
 NF., Newfoundland. 
 
 N.P., New French, Nor- 
 man French. 
 
 N.G., National Guard, New 
 Granada ; n.g., no good ; 
 N.Gr., New Greek. 
 
 N.H., New Hampshire; 
 N.Heb., New Hebrew, 
 — Hebrides; NHG., 
 New High German (one 
 point only). 
 
 N.I., Native Infantry ; Ni, 
 nickel. 
 
 Niam-niam, Afr. people 
 (one cap. only), not Nyam- 
 Nyam. 
 
 " Nibelungenlied," Ger. 
 epic, «o/ Nie- (one word). 
 
 niblick, a golf club. 
 
 Nicar., Nicaragua. 
 
 niche, a recess, not -ch ; 
 pron. nich. 
 
 Nicholas I, 1 796-1855, 
 
 Emperor of Russia (^see 
 
 also Nicolas). 
 "Nicholas (Saint)," 
 
 magazine for children {see 
 
 also Nicolas). 
 "Nicholas Nickleby,*' 
 
 by Dickens, 1838. 
 NichoUs (Sir George), 
 
 1 78 1 - 1865, Poor Law 
 
 historian. 
 Nichols, family of printers 
 
 and antiquaries. 
 Nicholson (Sir C. A.), 
 
 1867-, Bart, (see also 
 
 Nicolson^. 
 nicbt wabr? (Ger.), isn't 
 
 that so ? 
 nick (typ.), a groove cast 
 
 in the shank of a type 
 
 as an aid in placing it 
 
 correctly, 
 nickel/, symbol Ni; — 
 
 -plating (hyphen). 
 nicknack, use knick- 
 knack*, 
 nickname (one word). 
 Nicobar Islands, Ind. 
 
 Ocean, not Nik-. 
 Nicolas (Saint), patron of 
 
 Russia ; — (Sir Nicho- 
 las H.), 1799- 1848, writer 
 
 (see also Nicholas). 
 Nicole (Francois), 1683- 
 
 1758, Fr. mathematician; 
 
 — (Pierre), 1625-95, 
 
 a Port Royalist. 
 Nicoll (Robert), 1814- 
 
 37, Scots poet; — (W. 
 
 Robertson), 1851-, 
 
 journalist. 
 Nicol prism (physics). 
 Nicolson (Sir Arthur), 
 
 1 849-, Bart. ; — (Sir 
 
 A.T.B.R.), 1842-, Bart. 
 
 (see also Nicholson). 
 •* NicomacheanEthics," 
 
 by Aristotle. 
 Nicosia, Cyprus, Sicily, 
 
 not Nik-. 
 N.I.D., Naval Intelligence 
 
 Department, 
 nid/us (Lat.), a nest ; pi. -i. 
 " Niebelungenlied," use 
 
 Nib-. 
 
 259 17 * 
 
NIEBUHR — N.MEX. 
 
 Niebuhr (Barthold 
 
 Georg), 1776-1831, his- 
 torian ; — (Karsten), 
 1733-1815, traveller. 
 
 niece, a relation, not nei-. 
 
 nielljo, It. metal work ; pi. -i. 
 
 Niepce(J. W.), 1765-1833, 
 originator of photography ; 
 — de Saint- Victor 
 (C. M. F.), 1805-70, 
 inventor of heliography; 
 pron. ne-6ps'. 
 
 Wiersteiner, a hock. 
 
 Nietzsche (F. W.), 1844- 
 90, Ger. v^riter. 
 
 Ni^vre, dep. France. 
 
 night/cap, -dress, -fall, 
 -gown, -shade (hot.), 
 -shirt (one word). 
 
 nihill (Lat.), nothing; — 
 ad rem, nothing to the 
 purpose ; — debet, he 
 owes nothing ; — dicit, 
 he says nothing. 
 
 Nijni-Novgorod, Russ., 
 not Nizh-. 
 
 iCiTikobar Islands, use 
 Nic-. 
 
 NikolaiefF, Russian naval 
 head-quarters. 
 
 Nikosia, Cyprus, Sicily, 
 use Nie-. 
 
 allj (Lat.% nothing ; — ad- 
 tnirarif wondering at 
 nothing (not admiring 
 nothing) ; — conscire 
 sibi, to be conscious of 
 no fault ; — desperan- 
 dum, despair of nothing. 
 
 nilgau, an antelope, not 
 the many variations. 
 
 Nilgiri Hills, S. Ind., not 
 Neilgherry. 
 
 nil nisi cruce (Lat.), 
 nothing but by the cross. 
 
 Nilsson (Christine), 
 1 843-, singer. 
 
 ni l*un ni I'autre (Fr.), 
 neither the one nor the 
 other. 
 
 nimbus/, a halo, a rain 
 cloud ; pL -es (not ital.). 
 
 H'lmes, dep. France, not 
 Nismes. 
 
 niminy-piminy, affected- 
 ly delicate, not -i -i. 
 
 n'importel (Fr.), never 
 mind I 
 
 nincompoop, a simpleton 
 (one word). 
 
 ninepins, a game (one 
 word). 
 
 nineteenth century 
 
 (typ.), preferred to 19th, 
 XIX, orXIXth (hyphent 
 as adj.). 
 
 ninth, not -eth. 
 
 niobium, symbol Nb. 
 
 nip/, -ped, -per, -ping. 
 
 Nippon, native name for 
 Japan. 
 
 ni. pri., nisi pHus. 
 
 Nirvana (Budd.), cessa- 
 tion of sentient existence. 
 
 Nisbet/, Roxburgh ; — 
 & Co., publishers, Lon- 
 don, not -ett. 
 
 nisij (Lat.), unless;— pr/iis, 
 unless before, abbr. ni.pri. 
 
 Nismes (Fr.), use Nimes. 
 
 nisus (Lat.), effort. 
 
 nitrate, a salt of nitric acid. 
 
 nitrite, a salt of n itrous acid. 
 
 nitrogen, symbol N. 
 
 nitrogenize, not -ise. 
 
 nitrogenous, not -eous. 
 
 nitro-glycerine, not -in 
 (hyphen). 
 
 Nitsch, a family of Ger. 
 writers. 
 
 Nizam (5. and />/.), title of 
 Haidarabad ruler. 
 
 nizam, a Turk, soldier ; pi, 
 same. 
 
 Nizhni-Novgorod, Russ., 
 use Nijni-. 
 
 N.J., New Jersey, U.S.A. 
 
 N.L., New Latin ; n.l, 
 (typ.), new line; N.lat., 
 north latitude ; N.Ij.C, 
 National Liberal Club ; 
 N.Ij.F., ditto Federation ; 
 N.Ij.I., National Life- 
 boat Institution. 
 
 Nm. (Ger.), Nachmittag 
 (afternoon), nachntittags 
 (p.m.) ; N.Mex., New 
 
 Mexico (offic. abbr.). 
 
 a6o 
 
N.M-.E. — WOMT 
 
 N.N.E., north-north-east. 
 N.N.W., north-north-west 
 
 (see also compass). 
 N.O., New Orleans, (hot.) 
 natural order, -s, (Fr.) 
 fiord-ouest (north-west). 
 No., from It. numero (num- 
 ber) ; pi. Nos. ; in Fr. no 
 (no point). 
 no, pi. noes. 
 nobis (Lat.), for, or on, our 
 
 part ; abbr. BOb, 
 noblessej (Fr. f.), nobility ; 
 — oblige, — imposes 
 obligations. 
 node (Lat.), at night; 
 
 abbr. n. 
 ** Noctes Ambrosianae," 
 tales in ''Blackwood's 
 Magazine." 
 nocturne, picture, dreamy 
 
 mus. piece (not ital.). 
 N.O.D., Naval Ordnance 
 
 Department. 
 nod/, -ded, -ding. 
 Noel (Fr. m.), Christmas. 
 noeud (Fr. m.), a knot. 
 noisette (Fr. f.), a hazel- 
 nut. 
 noisome, noxious (no con- 
 nexion with noise). 
 noisy, not -ey. 
 nolens volens (Lat.), un- 
 willing or willing. 
 noli-me-tangere, a plant, 
 
 also a disease. 
 NoUekens (Joseph), 
 
 1 737-1823, sculptor. 
 nolle prosequi (Lat.), will 
 not continue ; abbr. noL 
 pros, 
 noloj (Lat.), I will not ; — 
 contendere, the plea 
 ' ' guilty " ; — episcopariy 
 I do not wish to be a 
 bishop. 
 not. pros.f nolle prosequi 
 
 (will not continue). 
 nom., nominative. 
 nomadize, not -ise. 
 no-man*s-land,unclaimed 
 territory (apos., hyphens). 
 Bomj de guerre (Fr. m.), 
 — de plume (Ang.-Fr.), 
 
 or nom] littSraire, or 
 pseudonyme, a literary 
 pseudonym ; — de thSa- 
 tre, stage-name. 
 nomjen (Lat.), a name, pi. 
 -ina, abbr. N. ; nomenj 
 genericum, a generic 
 name ; — speciticum, a 
 specific name. 
 nomie, conventional, 
 nomin., nominative. 
 nominalize, not -ise. 
 nominative, abbr. n., 
 
 nom., ornomin. 
 non\ (Lat.), not; — as- 
 sumpsit, a denial of any 
 promise. 
 nonce-w^ord, one used for 
 
 the nonce, 
 nonchalance, indiffer- 
 ence (not ital.). 
 nonchalant/, indifferent ; 
 
 in Fr. f. -e. 
 Non-commissioned of- 
 ficer/, -s, abbr. N.C.O. 
 non compos mentis 
 
 (Lat.), of unsound mind. 
 non con., non-content, or 
 
 dissentient. 
 Nonconformist (cap.). 
 non constat (Lat.), it is 
 
 not clear. 
 non coups (Fr.), uncut 
 
 leaves. 
 non-ego (metaph.), the 
 
 not-self (ital.). 
 non estj (Lat.), it is want- 
 ing ; inventus, he 
 
 has not been found, abbr. 
 n.e.i. 
 nonesuch, without equal, 
 not nonsuch (one word). 
 nonet or nonetto (mus.), 
 
 composition for nine. 
 non/ inventus (Lat.), not 
 found ; — libet, it does 
 not please (me) ; — licet, 
 it is not permitted ; — 
 liquet, it is not clear ; — 
 mi ricordo (It.), I do 
 not remember ; — nobis 
 (Lat.), not unto us; — 
 obstante (Lat.), not- 
 withstanding, abbr. non 
 
 261 
 
WOK" — N OSCE 
 
 obst. ; non obstante 
 veredicto, notwithstand- 
 ing the verdict. 
 nonpareil, unequalled ; 
 
 (typ.) a size of type, six point, 
 twelve lines to the inch, as this. 
 
 In Fr. nonpareHle, Ger. 
 Nonpareille. 
 
 not! placet (Lat.), it does 
 not commend itself. 
 
 nonplus/, -sed, -sing. 
 
 nonplus ultra (Lat.), per- 
 fection. 
 
 ttonj possumus (Lat.), we 
 cannot ; — prosequitur, 
 he does not prosecute, 
 abbr. non pros. ; — 
 rognS (Fr.), with uncut 
 and untrimmed leaves ; — 
 sequitur (Lat.), it does 
 not follow logically, abbr. 
 non seq. 
 
 nonsuch, use nonesuch. 
 
 nonsuit (one word). 
 
 noon, abbr. n. 
 
 noonday (one word). 
 
 no one (two words). 
 
 n.o.p., not otherwise pro- 
 vided for. 
 
 no par. (typ.), matter to 
 run on, and have no break. 
 
 K"or., Norman. 
 
 ttord (Fr. m.), north ; abbr. 
 N. 
 
 Norddeutscher Lloyd, 
 abbr. W.D.L. 
 
 Nordenfeldt gun. 
 
 Nordenskjold (N. A. E., 
 
 . baron), 1832-1901, tra- 
 veller, not -iCld. 
 
 nordj-est (Fr.), north-east, 
 . abbr. N.E. ; — -ouest, 
 
 - iiorth-west,abbr.!N'.0.(no 
 caps, except for abbrs.). 
 
 Norge, local name for 
 Norway. 
 
 norm, an authoritative 
 standard. 
 
 Norm (Ger. typ. f.), the 
 sheet signature (crap.). 
 
 normja (Lat.), a rule or 
 measure ; pi. -a?. 
 
 normalize, to standardize, 
 not -ise. 
 
 N"ormanby (Marq. of). 
 
 normande (a la) (Fr. 
 cooR.), apple-flavoured 
 (not cap.). 
 
 Noronha (Fernando), 
 isles in S. Atlantic. 
 
 Norrkoping, Sweden. 
 
 Norroy, the third King-of- 
 Arms. 
 
 Norse, abbr. N. 
 
 north, abbr. N. {see also 
 com^pass). 
 
 north., northern. 
 
 North (Christopher), 
 pen-name of Prof. J. 
 Wilson, 1 785-1854. 
 
 Northallerton, Yorks 
 (one word). 
 
 North Amerie/a, -an, 
 abbr. N. A., or N. Amer. 
 
 Northamptonshire, 
 abbr. Northants. 
 
 North Britain, or Scot- 
 land, abbr. Scot., not 
 N.B. 
 
 north-east, abbr. N.E. 
 {see also compass). 
 
 northern, abbr. N., or 
 north. 
 
 "North-German Gaz- 
 ette** (one hyphen). 
 
 North Hill, Cornwall 
 (two words). 
 
 Northill, Beds (one word) . 
 
 North Pole (caps.). 
 
 Northumb., Northumber- 
 land. 
 
 North l^ales, abbr. N.W. 
 
 north-west, abbr. N."W. 
 {see also compass). 
 
 Norvic, signature of Bp. 
 of Norwich (full point). 
 
 Norw., Norway, Nor- 
 wegian. 
 
 Norway, local name 
 Norge ; in Fr. Norvege 
 {see also Assemblies, 
 Sweden). 
 
 Norwegian typogra- 
 phy, practically as Dan- 
 ish. 
 
 HP^f nutneros (numbers). 
 
 nosce teipsum (Lat.), 
 know thyself. 
 
 a6a 
 
NOSE — NOVELIZE 
 
 nos/e, -y, not -ey. 
 nose-piece (hyphen). 
 nostalgia, home-sickness, 
 
 not -gy. 
 llOSfer (Lat.), our, our own; 
 
 abbr. N. 
 Nostradamus (Michel 
 
 de Nostredame), 1503- 
 
 66, Fr. astrologer, 
 nostrum/, pi. -s (not 
 
 ital.). 
 nota bene (Lat.), mark 
 
 well ; abbr. N.B, 
 notabilia (Lat.), notable 
 
 things. 
 notandjum (Lat.), a thing 
 
 to be noted ; pi. -a. 
 Notary -Public, law of- 
 ficer (caps., hyphen) ; 
 
 abbr. N.P. 
 notation (see figures), 
 note/, -s, abbr. n. {see 
 
 bottom, cut-in, foot-, 
 
 shoulder-, side-), 
 notebook (one word). 
 note of/ admiration or 
 
 exclamation (!) ; 
 
 . interrogation (?) {see 
 
 punctuation, XVII, 
 
 XVIII). 
 note-paper (size folded) : 
 
 Albert, 6x378 in. 
 
 Bath, 8x7 
 
 billet, 6x4 
 
 commercial, 8x5 
 
 octavo, 7 X 4V3 
 
 packet, 9 X sVa 
 
 Prince of "Wales, 
 4V3 X 3 
 
 Queen, s^U x sVa 
 notic/e, -eable, -ing. 
 notif/y, -ied, -ying. 
 nodtija (Lat.), a list; pi. 
 
 -ae. 
 not proven {see proven). 
 notre (Fr. adj.), our; 
 
 ndtre (/e, la), pronoun, 
 
 ours; lesndtres, our folk. 
 Notre-Dame (Our Lady), 
 
 abbr. N.-D., Fr. name of 
 
 many churches, not No- 
 
 (hyphen). 
 Nottinghamshire, abbr. 
 
 Notts. 
 
 notjum (Lat.), the back (of 
 an insect) ; pi. -a. 
 
 n*oubUez pas (Fr.), don't 
 forget. 
 
 nougat (Fr. m.), a con- 
 fection ; pron. noo'gah. 
 
 nought, use nau- *. 
 
 noumen/on (metaph.), pi. 
 -a. 
 
 noun, abbr. n. 
 
 nouns (collective), if re- 
 garded as a whole to be 
 treated as singular, as the 
 army is, the committee 
 meets, the company was, 
 the French people is a 
 great nation. If regarded 
 individually, to be treated 
 as plural, as the French 
 people are thrifty ; — or 
 ac^ectives of nation or 
 place, in frequent com- 
 mercial use, need no 
 caps., as french polish, -er, 
 morocco leather, plaster 
 of paris, prussian blue, 
 turkey red. 
 
 nouns (German), all have 
 initial caps. 
 
 nous (Fr.), we; abbr. H., 
 before a verb n\. 
 
 nous (Gr.), shrewdness ; 
 pron. nows (ital.). 
 
 nous avons cbangS tout 
 cela (Fr.), we have 
 changed all that. 
 
 nous verrons (Fr.), we 
 shall see. 
 
 nouveauj rlchej (Fr. m.), a 
 parvenu ; pi. -X -S. 
 
 nouveauiSs {magasin 
 de) (Fr. m.), linendraper's 
 shop, not — des — . 
 
 nouvelles (Fr. f. pL), 
 news. 
 
 Nov., November. 
 
 Nova/ Scotia, Canada, 
 abbr. N.S. ; — Zembla, 
 Arctic islands (two words, 
 caps.). 
 
 Noveboracensian, of 
 New York, not Nova-. 
 
 novelette, a small novel. 
 
 novelize, not -ise. 
 
 263. 
 
NOVEMBER — NUNCHEOW 
 
 November, abbr. Nov. 
 
 novitiate, not -ciate. 
 
 novus homo (Lat.), a 
 self-made man; pi. novl 
 homines, 
 
 nowadays (one word). 
 
 nowhere (one word). 
 
 noyau, a liqueur. 
 
 N.P., New Providence, No- 
 tary-Public ; n.p. (typ.), 
 new paragraph ; N.P.D. 
 (naut.), north polar dis- 
 tance ; N.P.L., National 
 Physical Laboratory, 
 
 Teddington. 
 
 Nr, (Ger.), Nummer (num- 
 ber) ; nr.,near; N.E,.A., 
 National Rifle Associa- 
 tion. 
 
 N.S., National Society, New 
 School, — Series, — Side, 
 — Style (after 1752), 
 Nova Scotia, Numismatic 
 Society ; N.-S., Notre- 
 Seigneur{OvLT Lord) ; n.S., 
 not specified; n/s (bkg.), 
 not sufficient ; N.S.A., 
 National Skating Asso- 
 ciation ; N.S.I.C. (Lat.), 
 Noster Salvator lesus Chri- 
 stus; N.-S. J.-C. (Fr.), 
 Notre - Seigneur Jesus - 
 Christ (Our Lord Jesus 
 Christ); N.S. P. CO., 
 National Society for the 
 Prevention of Cruelty to 
 Children ; N.S. Tripos, 
 Natural Sciences Tripos ; 
 N.S.S., New Shakspere 
 Society; N.S.W., New 
 South Wales. 
 
 N.T., New Testament, — 
 Translation, (Australia) 
 Northern Territory. 
 
 n.U., name unknown. 
 
 nuance, tint (not ital.). 
 
 Nubecul/a, the Magellanic 
 clouds ; pi. -80. 
 
 nucle/us, pi. -i. 
 
 nudls verbis (Lat.), in 
 plain words. 
 
 nugas (Lat.), trifles. 
 
 -nugger, Indian suffix {see 
 -nagar). 
 
 null {Fr.),/em. -le, no one. 
 
 nullo (typ.), the o, or zero. 
 
 nullahf a dry water- 
 course. 
 
 nulla - nulla, Austral, 
 wooden club, not -ah -ah, 
 
 nuUif/y, -ied, -ying. 
 
 null I secundus (Lat.), 
 second to none. 
 
 Num., Numbers (Old 
 Test.), not Numb. 
 
 num., numeral, -s. 
 
 number, abbr. No., ph 
 Nos. {see also figures). 
 
 number (house), in road 
 or street, not to be fol- 
 lowed by a point, as, 
 6 Fleet Street. 
 
 numbers, abbr.- Nos. {see 
 also figures). 
 
 numerals (roman), caps. 
 I, II, V, X, L, C, D, M, not 
 to be followed by a point. 
 For kings, rulers, etc., the 
 name should be in lower 
 case, and the numeral in 
 cap§, as, Henry V, Ed- 
 ward VII (no point). 
 Lower case i, ii, etc., 
 should be used for pagina- 
 tion of preliminary matter. 
 In Fr. no full point after. 
 In Ger. full point with 
 arable or roman ordinal 
 numbers, but not cardinal. 
 Abbr. num. 
 
 numSrjateur (Fr. m.), nu- 
 merator ; -O, number, 
 abbr. n", pi. n^s; 
 'Oter, to number (e.g. 
 pages) ; -Oteur, number- 
 ing machine. 
 
 numis., numismatic, -s, 
 -atology. 
 
 Nummer (Ger. f. ), number, 
 abbr. Nr. 
 
 numskull, a dunce, not 
 numb-. 
 
 nunc aut nunquam 
 (Lat.), now or never. 
 
 Nunc dimittis (Lat.), 
 Simeon's canticle. 
 
 nunoheon, a midday meal, 
 not -ion. 
 
 264 
 
nuncio, a papal messenger ; 
 
 pi. -s. 
 Nuneham, near Oxford 
 
 (see also !N"ewn-). 
 nunquam (Lat.), never, 
 nuphar, yellow water-lily. 
 nur, nurr, a hard knot in 
 
 wood, use knur *. 
 Nuremberg, not -burg ; in 
 
 Ger. Nurnb-. 
 nurl, use kn- *, 
 nurs/e, -ing. 
 nurseryman (one word). 
 N.TJ.T., National Union of 
 
 Teachers, 
 nut/, -ted, -ting, 
 nut/crackers ; -hatch, a 
 
 bird ; -shell (one word). 
 
 N.U.W.W. 
 
 National 
 
 Union of Women Work- 
 ers. 
 
 nux vomica (two words) ; 
 abbr. nux vom. 
 
 W.V., New Version ; 
 N.V.M., Nativity of the 
 Virgin Mary. 
 
 NUNCIO — N.Z. 
 
 N. W., North Wales, north- 
 west {see compass), 
 North - Western postal 
 district, London ; N,W. 
 Prov., North - West 
 Provinces, India ; 
 
 N.W.S.A., National 
 Women's Suffrage Asso- 
 ciation ; N.W.T., North- 
 west Territory. 
 
 N.Y., New York, city or 
 state, U.S.A. (offic). 
 
 Nyam-Nyam, w^^Niam- 
 niam. 
 
 Nyassaland, Eq. Afr., 
 not Nyasa- (one word). 
 
 N.Y.H.S., New York 
 Historical Society. 
 
 nylghau, use nilgau. 
 
 nymph/a (anat.); pi. -ae. 
 
 Nymphaea, white water- 
 lily. 
 
 Nysa, an asteroid. 
 
 Nyssa, a genus of plants, 
 
 N.Z., New Zealand. 
 
 265 
 
N NOTES 
 
 266 
 
N NOTES 
 
 267 
 
O. — OBSTRUCTOR 
 
 O., Odd Fellows, Ohio 
 (U.S.A.), old, Order (as 
 D.S.O.), owner, the four- 
 teenth in a series, all 
 proper names with this 
 initial, (Fr. m.) ouest 
 (west), (Ger. m.) Osten 
 (east), (naut.) overcast, 
 (typ.) overseer. 
 
 O, oxygen, (Lat.) octavus 
 (a pint). 
 
 O ! see Oh I 
 
 O**, I r. name prefix; (typ.) 
 use apos. as O'Neill, not 
 turned comma. 
 
 q*, abbr. for of. 
 
 O (Dan., Sw.), island. 
 
 0, the "Danish" o. 
 
 o/a, on account of. 
 
 Oak-apple Day, 29 May. 
 
 Oakeley (Sir C. W. A.), 
 1828- ; — (Sir Evelyn), 
 1833- ; — (Sir H. S.), 
 1830-1903, Mus.Doc. 
 
 Oakley (Sir Henry), 
 1 823-. 
 
 oarweed, use ore-*. 
 
 oas/is *,/>/. -es*. 
 
 oatcake (one word). 
 
 Oates (Titus), 1 649-1 705. 
 
 oatmeal* (one word). 
 
 ob., oboe, obolus (half- 
 penny). 
 
 06., obiit (he, or she, 
 died). 
 
 Obadiah, abbr. Obad. 
 
 obbligato* (It. mus.), not 
 obi-; abbr. obb. 
 
 obeah*, witchcraft, etc., not 
 obea, obeeyah, obi. 
 
 obelisk*, not -isc ; (typ.) 
 the dagger mark (f ) ; 
 double obelisk*, J. 
 
 obel/us*, critical mark,/*/, 
 -i*; in ancient MSS. — , 
 -T-, Off. 
 
 Ober-Ammergau, Bav- 
 aria (caps., hyphen). 
 
 obi, use obeah*. 
 
 oblitj (Lat.), he, or she, 
 
 died, abbr. ob, ; — sine 
 
 prole, died without issue, 
 
 abbr. ob,s,p. 
 obiter] dictum* (Lat.), a 
 
 thing said by the way, pi. 
 
 — dicta * ; — script jutn, 
 
 ditto written, pi. — a. 
 object/, -ion, -ive, -ively, 
 
 abbr. obj. 
 object-glass* (hyphen). 
 obi., oblique, oblong. 
 obiigato, use obb- *. 
 obliger*, one who obliges, 
 obligor* (law). 
 oblique, abbr. obi. 
 obliviscence*, forgetful- 
 
 ness. 
 oblong, abbr. obi. 
 obo/e* (mus.), wo^hautbois, 
 
 -boy; abbr. ob. ; -ist*, 
 
 not -eist. 
 obol/us*, a coin; pi. -i*, 
 
 abbr. ob. 
 O'Brien (W. S.), 1803-64, 
 
 Irish patriot. 
 O'Bryan (W.),i778-i868, 
 
 founder Bible-Christians ; 
 
 his followers Bryanites, 
 
 not O'-. 
 obs., observation, -ory, 
 
 obsolete, 
 obsequ/ies*, the sing, -y* 
 
 not used. 
 observanda* (Lat.), things 
 
 to be observed, 
 observat/ion, -ory, abbr. 
 
 obs. 
 obsession*, 
 obsidian* (mineral.). 
 obsolescen/ce*, -t*, be- 
 coming obsolete, 
 obsolete, abbr. obs. 
 ob.S.p., obiit sine prole (died 
 
 without issue). 
 obstetrics, abbr. obstet, 
 obstructor*, not -er. 
 
 a68 
 
OBVEKSE — ODORIFEROUS 
 
 obverse*, that side of a 
 
 coin with the head or 
 
 main device. 
 O.C., Old Carthusian, — 
 
 Catholic, — Cheltonian. 
 O.C., opere citato (in the work 
 
 cited). 
 o*e., MS. abbr. for o'clock, 
 o/c, overcharge. 
 Occam/ (William of), 
 
 1 280- 1 349 ; -ism *, -ist*, 
 
 not Ockham. 
 Occidental*, western 
 
 (cap.). 
 occiput* (not ital.). 
 occur/*, -red*, -rence*, 
 
 -rent*, -ring*. 
 ocelljus*, an eyelet ;/>/.-/*. 
 ochlocracy*, mob-rule. 
 ochone, use ohone*. 
 ochr/e*, -eous*, -y*, not 
 
 -er, oker. 
 Ochterlony (Sir D. F.), 
 
 1848-. 
 Ockham, Surrey {see also 
 
 Occam), 
 o'clock* (typ.), close up, 
 
 not to be abbreviated 
 
 in print ; MS. abbr. o*C. 
 O' Connell (Daniel), 1775- 
 
 1847. 
 O'Connor (T. P.), 1848-, 
 
 journalist. 
 O'Conor (Sir N. R.), 
 
 1843-. 
 O* Conor Don (The) (cap. 
 
 T). 
 Oct., October. 
 oetahedr/al*,-on,/>/. -a*, 
 
 not octae-, octoe-, octoh-. 
 octaroon, use octo- *. 
 octastyle*, having eight 
 
 columns, not octo-. 
 Ootateuch*, first eight 
 
 books O.T., not Octo-. 
 octavo/*, a book having 
 
 eight leaves, or sixteen 
 
 pages, to the sheet ;pl. -s, 
 
 abbr. 8vo (no point) 
 
 (for sizes, see books), 
 octet* (mus.), not -ett, 
 
 -ette, ottett (not ital.). 
 October, abbr. Oct. 
 octodecimo/ *, or eighteen - 
 
 mo,abookhaving eighteen 
 leaves, or thirty-six pages, 
 to the sheet ; pi. -s, abbr. 
 18mo (no point). 
 
 octopus/*, pi. -es* ; pron. 
 6k-to'pus. 
 
 octoroon*, «o/octa-. 
 
 octroi* (Fr. m.), munici- 
 pal customs duties. 
 
 Oculi Sunday*, third in 
 Lent. 
 
 OCUljUS*, an eye ; pi. -/*. 
 
 O.D.,01d Dutch, Ordnance 
 Datum. 
 
 od*, a hypothetical force. 
 
 odal*, land held in absolute 
 ownership, not udal. 
 
 odalisque* (Turk.), female 
 slave, not -isk, 
 
 O.Dan., Old Danish. 
 
 Odd Fellows (official, two 
 words, caps.) ; abbr. O., 
 or O.F. 
 
 oddfolios, orpages (typ.), 
 the right-hand pages, 
 numbered i, 3, 5, etc. 
 
 oddments* (typ.), the 
 parts of a book separate 
 from the body, such as 
 title, contents; also a 
 section containing an odd 
 number of pages. 
 
 Odelsthing, lower house 
 Norw. Parliament. 
 
 Od6on, Paris theatre. 
 
 Odeypore, use TJdaipur. 
 
 odi profanum valgus 
 (Lat.), I loathe the com- 
 mon herd. 
 
 odluml assthetlcum* 
 (Lat.), the bitterness of 
 aesthetic controversy ; — 
 medlcum*, ditto medi- 
 cal ; — musicum *, ditto 
 musical ; — iheologl- 
 cum*, ditto theological. 
 
 odometer, use h- *. 
 
 O'Donoghue of the 
 Glens (The) (cap. T). 
 
 0'Donovan(The)(cap. 7). 
 
 odontoglossum/ *, an or- 
 chid ; pi. -S. 
 
 odor/iferous *, -ize *, 
 -izer, -ous*. 
 
 369 
 
ODOR — O.GAEL. 
 
 odor lucri (Lat.), the 
 expectation of gain. 
 
 odour/*, -less*, not -or. 
 
 Odysseus, Gr. for Ulysses. 
 
 Odyss/ey *, Gr. epic ; 
 -ean* (not ital.). 
 
 O.E.,01dEnglish,omissions 
 excepted. 
 
 CB (ligature), for single 
 sounds, is in England 
 generally employed in 
 English, French, Greek, 
 Latin, and Old English 
 words, and should there- 
 fore be used in place of 
 the separate letters oe. 
 The separate letters 
 should be restricted to 
 works for students of the 
 
 ^^ classics. 
 
 Oe (Dan., Sw.),,old form 
 for island, use O. 
 
 CBcist*, the founder of a 
 Gr. colony, not cek-, oik-. 
 
 oecology*, the science 
 dealing with the relations 
 of organisms to their sur- 
 roundings, not cek-. 
 
 oecumenic/*, -al*, notec-. 
 
 O.E.D., the '< Oxford 
 English Dictionary," not 
 N.E.D. (the New ditto). 
 
 oedema/ *, a swelling ; 
 -tous, not ed-. 
 
 CEdipus*,theThebanhero, 
 not Edi-, Oedi-. 
 
 Oehlensehlager(Adarri), 
 1 777-1850, Dan. writer. 
 
 ee//(Fr. m.), eye,pl.yeux; 
 ceil-de-bceuf*, a small 
 round window, pi. oeils- 
 
 ; oeil-de-perdrlXf 
 
 a soft corn, pi. oeils . 
 
 o*er* (typ.), to be close up. 
 
 Oersted (H. C), 1777- 
 1851, physicist. 
 
 oesophag/us*, the gullet; 
 pi. -i; -eal, not e- (not 
 ital.). 
 
 Oesterley (Rev. W. 
 O. E.), 1866-, writer. 
 
 Oesterreich (Ger.), Aus- 
 ti-ia, use Os-. 
 
 tCUf (Fr. m.), egg; oeufs k 
 
 la coqae, boiled eggs ; 
 ceufsjalaneige,wh\sked 
 eggs ; — k rindienne, 
 
 curried eggs. 
 
 ceuvres (Fr. f.), works. 
 
 O.P., Odd Fellows, Old 
 French, (typ.) old-face 
 type. 
 
 off., official, officinal. 
 
 Offa*s Dyke, between Eng. 
 and Wales (apos.). 
 
 off-cast*, cast off (hyphen). 
 
 off cut* (typ.), a piece cut 
 off a sheet to reduce it to 
 the proper size ; also a 
 part cut off for separate 
 folding (one word). 
 
 Offenbach (Jacques), 
 1819-80, composer. 
 
 offence*, not -se. 
 
 offer/ *, -ed*, -ing*, -tory *. 
 
 offg., officiating. 
 
 off-hand/ *,-ed* (hyphen). 
 
 official/, abbr. off., or 
 offic. ; — envelopes, 
 8^/4 X 3^4 in.? to take 
 foolscap folded in four. 
 
 officialize *, not -ise. 
 
 officiating, abbr. offg. 
 
 officina* (Lat.), a work- 
 shop {see also oficina). 
 
 officinal, abbr. off. 
 
 offprint* (typ.), a separ- 
 ately printed copy, or 
 small edition, of an article, 
 which originally appeared 
 as part of a larger pub- 
 lication. 
 
 offset* (typ.), the transfer 
 of ink from its proper 
 sheet. 
 
 offshoot* (one word). 
 
 off-shore*, adj. (hyphen). 
 
 offside (football) (one 
 word). 
 
 oficina* (Sp.), a S. Amer. 
 factory {see also off-). 
 
 O.F.M., Order of Friars 
 Minor. 
 
 oft-times*, hyphen. 
 
 O.G., ogee, a moulding, not 
 OG. ; Outside Guard ; 
 Olympian games. 
 
 O.Gael., Old Gaelic. 
 
 270 
 
^ O' THE A 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 ►GEE — OlilPHANT 
 
 moulding ; abbi-* 
 
 Ogee/*, 
 O.G. 
 
 Ogg (Sir W. A.), 1823-. 
 
 ogham*, ancient alphabet, 
 not ogam, -urn, -hum. 
 
 O* Grady (The) (cap. T). 
 
 ogre/*,/*/. -3,/em. -ss*,//. 
 -sses ; -ish, not -rish. 
 
 Oh ! * (interjection), use O ! 
 except when it is detached 
 from what follows, or is a 
 cry of pain, etc. (O.E.D.). 
 
 O.H.B.M.S., On His, or 
 Her, Britannic Majesty's 
 Service. 
 
 OHG., Old High German. 
 
 Ohio, U.S.A., off. abbr. O. 
 
 Ohm (G. S.), 1787-1854, 
 physicist. 
 
 ohm* (elec), unit of resist- 
 ance ; legal — , symbol 
 
 La 
 
 O.H.M. 
 
 On His, or 
 
 Her, Majesty's Service. 
 
 Ohnet (Georges), 1848-, 
 Fr. writer. 
 
 oho ! * exclamation of sur- 
 prise, not O ho. Oh ho, etc. 
 
 ohone*, Gael, and Ir. cry 
 of lamentation, not och-. 
 
 O.H.S., Oxford Historical 
 Society. 
 
 oidium*, a fungus, not oi-. 
 
 oie (Fr. f.), goose. 
 
 Oignon (Fr. m.), onion. 
 
 oikist, use CEcist*. 
 
 oil/cake*, -cloth* (one 
 word). 
 
 oil/-colour, — -paint- 
 ing* (hyphens). 
 
 oil/skin*, -stone* (one 
 word). 
 
 Oipolloi (Gr.), the people, 
 use bol — . 
 
 O.Ir., Old Irish. 
 
 Olson (Fr. m.), gosling. 
 
 oka* (Egypt., Turk.), about 
 2^/4 lb., also ^/g of a quart. 
 
 okapi, giraffe-zebra-like 
 animal. 
 
 0*Kelly (The) (cap. T), 
 
 Oken(Iiorenz), 1 779-185 r, 
 naturalist. 
 
 Oklahoma Territory, 
 
 U.S.A. ; abbr. Okla. 
 Terr. 
 
 Oktav (Ger. n.), octavo 
 (cap. ) ; breites — , crown 
 8vo. 
 
 O.I1., Officer of (the Order 
 of) Leopold, Old Latin. 
 
 01., Olympiad. 
 
 Olaf (St.), patron of Nor- 
 way. 
 
 Olcott (Col. H. S.), 1830-, 
 theosophist. 
 
 old/, abbr. O. ; clothes- 
 man*, — -clothes- 
 shop* (hyphens). 
 
 Old - English type, 
 
 blacli letter as t^is ; 
 
 abbr. O.E. 
 
 old -face type, earliest form 
 of roman type of fifteenth 
 century, as this ; abbr. O.F. 
 
 old-fashioned* (hyphen). 
 
 Old Man of the Sea, in 
 "Arab. Nights" (caps.). 
 
 Old Meldriun, Aberdeen. 
 
 Old Red Sandstone 
 (geol.) (caps.). 
 
 .old-style type, that made 
 in imitation of the roman 
 letters used before 1800, as 
 this, caps. A. B.C. etc; 
 generally called "revived 
 old style"; abbr. O.S. 
 
 Oldswinford, Worcs (one 
 word). 
 
 Old Testament, abbr. 
 O.T., or Old Test. ; for 
 abbr.ofbooks,5^^ each title. 
 
 oleiferous*, oil-producing, 
 not olif-. 
 
 oleography*, a method of 
 chromolithography. 
 
 oleomargarine* (one 
 word), pron. g as in go ; 
 abbr. oleo*. 
 
 OLG., Old Low German. 
 
 Olifant River, S. Afr. 
 
 Oligocene* (geol.) (cap., 
 not ital.). 
 
 Oliphant (Laurence), 
 1829-88, writer and 
 mystic ; — (Mrs.), 1828- 
 97, writer {see also Olli-). 
 
 271 
 
OLIVE — OOZY 
 
 olive/-brancli*, — -oil* 
 
 (hyphens). 
 Olivetan*, an order of 
 
 monks, not -ian. 
 ollapodrida*,Sp. national 
 
 dish, also a medley (not 
 
 ital.). 
 OUivant (Sir E. C. K.>, 
 
 1846-, Ind. Civil Servant 
 
 {see also Oliphant). 
 011ivier(0.E.), 1825-, Fr. 
 
 statesman and writer. 
 Olney (Richard), 1843-, 
 
 Amer. statesman. 
 Olympiad, abbr. Ol. 
 O.M.,(Memberofthe)Order 
 
 of Merit. 
 cm., old measurement. 
 om.adhaun*, Irish term 
 
 of abuse, not the many 
 
 variations. 
 Omagh, Co. Tyrone. 
 Omar Khayydm, 1050?- 
 
 1122, Pers. poet. 
 Omdurman, Sudan, 
 omelet*, in Fr. f. ome- 
 lette; omelette souf- 
 
 fl6e, a puff omelet, 
 omicron, the Gr. o, not 
 
 omik-. 
 omissions (typ.), to be 
 
 indicated by three points, 
 
 not asterisks, separated by 
 
 em quads {see aha delea- 
 
 tur, ellipsis), 
 omit/*, -ted*, -ting*. 
 Om man! padme bum, 
 
 Buddhist invocation, 
 omnibus/*, pi. -es; abbr. 
 
 bus*, not 'bus, pi. buses, 
 omnium gatherum*, a 
 
 confused medley (no 
 
 hyphen, not ital.). 
 O.M.T., Old Merchant 
 
 Taylors (School or pupil). 
 O.M.V., Master of Obstet- 
 rics, Vienna. 
 O.N., Old Norse. 
 on-coming* (hyphen). 
 on/ dit* (Fr. m. s. and pL), 
 
 gossip, 
 one (a, not an). 
 one-and- twenty*, etc. 
 
 (hyphens). 
 
 one-eighth {see frac- 
 tions). 
 
 Oneida, socialistic commu- 
 nity. 
 
 one-ideaed* (hyphen). 
 
 oneirocritio*, an inter- 
 preter of dreams, not 
 onir-. 
 
 oneness* (a, not an) 
 (one word). 
 
 oneself*, not one's self 
 (one word). 
 
 one-sided* (hyphen). 
 
 O.N.P., Old Norman 
 French. 
 
 onlook/*, -er*, -ing* (one 
 word). 
 
 on ne passe pas (Fr.), no 
 thoroughfare. 
 
 onomasticon* (Gr.), a 
 vocabulary of proper 
 names. 
 
 onomatopoe/ia*. -ial*, 
 -ian*, -ic*, ' -ical*, 
 -ically *, word formation 
 by imitation of sound ; 
 abbr. onomat. 
 
 onomatopo/esis*, -etic*, 
 -etically*, not -poiesis. 
 
 onrush (one word). 
 
 onset/*, -ter*, -ting*. 
 
 on shore* (naut.) (two 
 words, hyphen as adj.). 
 
 onside (football) (one 
 word). 
 
 Ont., Ontario, Upper 
 Canada. 
 
 ontologize *, not -ise. 
 
 onus*, burden (not ital.). 
 
 onus proband! (Lat.), 
 burden of proof (ital.). 
 
 %, per cent, -age. 
 
 Oodeypore, India, use 
 Udaipur. 
 
 oof*, money. 
 
 oolong*, a tea, not 
 
 OU-. 
 
 oomiak*, Eskimo boat, not 
 the many variations. 
 
 oopak *, a tea, not -ack. 
 
 Ootacamund, Madras, use 
 Utak- ; colloq. abbr. 
 Ooty. 
 
 oozy *, muddy, not -ey. 
 
 27a 
 
O.P. — ORDEB 
 
 O.P., Old Playgoers (Club\ 
 Old Prices, Ordinis Prasdi- 
 catorum (of the Order of 
 Preachers, or Domini- 
 cans). 
 
 O.p.*, overproof; (theat.) 
 opposite the prompter's 
 side, or the actor s right ; 
 (typ.) out of print. 
 
 Op. (Lat.), opus (work), 
 opera (works). 
 
 opalize*, «o/-ise. 
 
 op. cit., opere citato (in the 
 work quoted) (not ital.). 
 
 open/ -hearted*, -mouth- 
 ed* (hyphens). 
 
 Open Sesame* (caps., 
 two words). 
 
 open-work/ *, -ed *, -ing * 
 (h3'phens). 
 
 Opera buffa* (It.), comic 
 opera ; in Fr. OpSra 
 bouffe*. 
 
 Opera- Comique, Paris 
 theatre (hyphen). 
 
 opera-glass* (hyphen). 
 
 opercul/um* (biol.), a 
 cover; pi. -a* (not 
 ital.). 
 
 Opere] citato (Lat.), in the 
 work quoted, abbr. o.c, 
 or op. cit. ; — in medio, 
 in the midst of the work. 
 
 ophicleide *, not -eid. 
 
 ophiology*, study of ser- 
 pents, not ophid-. 
 
 ophthalmic*, of the eye. 
 
 Opie (Amelia), 1 769-1 853, 
 writer; — (John), 1761- 
 1807, painter. 
 
 O.p.n., ora pro nobis (pray 
 for us). 
 
 opodeldoc*, a liniment. 
 
 opopanax*, a perfume. 
 
 opp., opposed, opposite. 
 
 oppressor*, not -cr. 
 
 opt., optative, optical, op- 
 tician, optics. 
 
 optime* (Camb.), one 
 next in merit to wranglers 
 (not ital.) ; pron. 6p'ti- 
 m€, abbr. op. 
 
 optimize*, to make the 
 best of, not -ise. 
 
 opus]* (Lat.), a work, pi. 
 Opera*, abbr. op.*; — 
 magnum*, a great work, 
 pL opera magna. 
 
 opusculjum * ( Lat. ), a small 
 work, an essay ; pi. -a*. 
 
 opus number* (mus.), the 
 one by which a work is 
 known (two words). 
 
 Opus operatum (Lat.), a 
 thing done. 
 
 or, two or more singular 
 subjects joined by or take 
 the verb in the singular 
 number, as: John or 
 William is going. In such 
 phrases as "black, white, 
 or green," or to be pre- 
 ceded by comma {see also 
 ««and** or ««, and"). 
 
 or* (her.), gold or yellow. 
 
 « Qj. »» <« ^ OP »* follows same 
 rule as "and" or 
 ** , and " {which see). 
 
 ora, see os. 
 
 ora e sempre (It.), now 
 and always. 
 
 orangeade*, «o/ -gade. 
 
 Orange/ism*, Ir. Protest- 
 antism, not -gism ; -m.an * 
 (one word, cap.). 
 
 oran g/-outang *, more 
 
 correctly utan*, not 
 
 -utang,ourang-outang(not 
 ital.). 
 
 Oranmore and Browne 
 (Baron). 
 
 ora pro nobis (Lat.), pray 
 for us ; abbr. O.p.n. 
 
 orat., orator, -ical, -ically. 
 
 oratorios (titles of) 
 (typ.), when cited, to be 
 roman double-quoted. 
 
 O.B..C., Order of the Red 
 Cross, Orange River 
 Colony. 
 
 ore*, a dolphin, not ork. 
 
 Orcadian, of Orkney. 
 
 ord., ordained, order, or- 
 dinal, ordinance, ordinary. 
 
 Order, abbr. O. ; when re- 
 ferring to a society, to be 
 cap., as the Order of 
 Jesuits. 
 
 ^n 
 
 18 
 
ORDER — OSBOURNE 
 
 order/, abbr. ord. ; — 
 
 -book * (hyphen), 
 orders (bot. and zoo!.), 
 
 caps, but not itahc. 
 ordin/al, -ance, -ary, 
 
 abbr. ord. 
 Ordn.. Ordnance. 
 ordre du Jour (Fr. m.), 
 
 agenda of a meeting. 
 Ore., Oregon, U.S.A. (oflF. 
 
 abbr.). 
 ore*, coin of Den., Sw.,and 
 
 Norw. 
 O'Rell (Max), 1848-1903, 
 
 pen-name of Paul Blouet. 
 oreo/graphy, -logy, use 
 
 oro-*. 
 orej rotundo (Lat.), well- 
 turned, imposing speech ; 
 
 — tenus, by word of 
 
 mouth. 
 ore -weed *, not oar-. 
 orfevrerle* (Fr. f.), gold- 
 smiths' work, 
 orfray, use orphrey*. 
 org., organ, -ic, -ism, -ized. 
 organdie*,book-muslin,«o/ 
 
 -i, -y ; in Fr. m. organdi, 
 organize*, etc., tiot -ise. 
 organon*,asystem of rules. 
 orge (Fr. f.), barley. 
 orgeat* (Fr. m.), barley- 
 water. 
 org/y *, not -ie ; pi. -ies *. 
 Oriental/*, -ist* (cap.); 
 
 abbr. Or., or Orient, 
 orient aliz 3*, not -ise (not 
 
 cap.). 
 orijaamme *, banner, not 
 
 -flamb. 
 orig., origin, -al, -ally, -ate, 
 
 -ated. 
 Origen, 185-253, a Father 
 
 of the Church. 
 original (Sp. typ.), copy. 
 ** Origin of Species/* by 
 
 C. Darwin, 1859. 
 orinasal*, of the mouth and 
 
 nose, not oro-. 
 Orinoco, river, S. Amer. 
 
 {see also oro-). 
 Orleans (House of) (6). 
 Ormes Head, Carnarvon 
 
 (no apos.). 
 
 ormolu*, a gold-coloured 
 alloy (not ital.). 
 
 Ormonde (Marquesso/). 
 
 Ormuzd, the Zoroastrian 
 spirit of Good, not the 
 many variations. 
 
 orn'iS* (Fr.), fern. -6e, 
 adorned. 
 
 ornith., ornithology, -ical. 
 
 ornithorhynchus*, the 
 duck-billed platypus. 
 
 oro/graphy *, -logy *, 
 mountain description and 
 science, not oreo-. 
 
 oronoco*, a tobacco, not 
 -ooko (not ital.) {see also 
 Ori-). 
 
 Orotava, Canary Isles, 
 not Ora-. 
 
 orotund*, magniloquent. 
 
 orphrey*, an ornamental 
 border, not orfray. 
 
 orris-root* (hyphen). 
 
 Or San Michele, church 
 at Florence,«o/ — Saint — . 
 
 orthoepy*, word pronun- 
 ciation. 
 
 orthopaBdic *, not -edic. 
 
 ortolan*, an edible bird 
 (not ital.). 
 
 Orvieto*, It. white wine. 
 
 O.S., Old Saxon, — school, 
 — series, — side, — style 
 (before 1752), — style 
 type, ordinary seaman, 
 (paper) "outsides." 
 
 Os *, osmium. 
 
 O.S., only son. 
 
 OS * (Lat.), a hone; pi. ossa*. 
 
 OS* (Lat.), a mouth;/)/. ora*. 
 
 O.S.A., Order of St. Augus- 
 tine. 
 
 Osaka, Japan, not Oz-. 
 
 O.S.B.*, Order of St. Bene- 
 dict. 
 
 Osborn (Sir A. K. B.), 
 1870- ; — (Sherard), 
 1822-75, Arctic traveller. 
 
 Osborne, family name of 
 Dukes of Leeds ; — (Sir 
 Francis), 1856-. 
 
 Osbourne (Lloyd), 1 868-, 
 w^riter (stepson of R. L. 
 Stevenson). 
 
 874 
 
OSCOTT — O.U.Ii.C. 
 
 Oseott College (R.C.), 
 
 Warwickshire, 
 osculatory*, not -ery. 
 osculjum * (Lat.), a kiss, pi. 
 
 -a*; osculum pads*, 
 
 the kiss of peace. 
 O.S.F., Order of St. Fran- 
 cis. 
 O.Sl., Old Slavonic. 
 Osmanli*, of the fam. of 
 
 Osman, not -lee, -lie, -ly 
 
 (not ital.). 
 osmium*, symbol Os*. 
 Osmund*, a fern, also an 
 
 iron (not ital.). 
 O.S.N.C., Orient Steam 
 
 Navigation Company. 
 OSSa, see OS. 
 ossein*, bone-cartilage, not 
 
 -ine. 
 Ossett, Yorks, not Oset, 
 
 Osset. 
 Ossory, Ferns, and 
 
 Leighlin (Bishop of). 
 O.S.t.(naut.), ordinary spring 
 
 tides. 
 Ost (Ger. m.), east (cap.) ; 
 
 abbr. O. 
 ostensibl/e*, -y*. 
 OSteria * (It.), an inn. 
 Osterreich(Ger.), Austria, 
 
 not Oe- ; ostetreicb- 
 
 iscbe Wabrutig, Aus. 
 
 currency, abbr. d. W, 
 
 (this much used). 
 Ostiaks.ofW. Siberia, not 
 
 Osty-. 
 ostiole*, a small opening, 
 
 not -eole. 
 ostler*, a groom, noth-. 
 ostracize*, etc., not 
 
 -ise. 
 ostreiculture*, oyster 
 
 culture, not ostr&-, ostrea-, 
 
 ostreo-, ostri-. 
 Oswaldtwistle, Lanes, 
 
 not -sle. 
 O.T.*, Old Testament. 
 Otaheite, now Tahiti. 
 O.Teut., Old Teutonic, 
 otherworld/liness*, -ly* 
 
 (one word). 
 Otiutnj* (Lat.), leisure ; — 
 
 cum dlgnitate*, leisure 
 
 with dignity; Otiumsine 
 
 dignitate, leisure with- 
 
 out — . 
 O.T.M. (paper), Old Turkey 
 
 Mill, 
 otolith*, not -lite (not ital.). 
 OtOtoI* (Gr.), alas! not 
 
 otototoi, ottotoi. 
 Otta'Wa, Canada, not Otto-. 
 Otterspool, Lanes (one 
 
 word). 
 Ottoman/*, a Turk ; pi. -s 
 
 (cap.). 
 ottoman/ *, a sofa, a fabric ; 
 
 />/. -s (not cap.). 
 otto of roses, ust attar 
 
 * 
 
 Otway (Thomas), 1652- 
 85, dramatist. 
 
 O.U., Oxford University ; 
 O.U.A., Order of United 
 Americans ; O.U.A.C., 
 OxfordUniversity Athletic 
 Club; O.U.A.F.C, ditto 
 Association Football — ; 
 O.U.A.M., Order of 
 United American Mech- 
 anics. 
 
 ouananiche*, the Labrador 
 salmon ; pron. wa'nan-ish. 
 
 O.U.B.C., Oxford Univer- 
 sity Boat Club. 
 
 oubliette* (Fr. f.), a dun- 
 geon. 
 
 O.U.C.C., Oxford Univ. 
 Cricket Club. 
 
 Oudenarde (battle of), 
 1708. 
 
 Oudh, India, not Oude. 
 
 O.U.D.S., Oxford Univ. 
 Dramatic Society. 
 
 0«/es^ (Fr.m.), west; abbr.O. 
 
 O.U.G.C, Oxford Univ. 
 Golf Club. 
 
 OUght,a cipher,nothing, Ms« 
 naught* (see also au-). 
 
 O.U.H.C, Oxford Univ. 
 Hockey Club. 
 
 Guida, pen-name of Louise 
 de la Ramee. 
 
 ou'i-dire (Fr. m. s. and pi.), 
 hearsay. 
 
 O.U.Ii.C.,Oxford Univ.La- 
 crosse Club. 
 875 18 * 
 
OULESS — OZ. 
 
 Ouless (W. W.), 1848-, 
 painter. 
 
 O.U.Ii.T.C., Oxford Univ. 
 Lawn Tennis Club. 
 
 ounce/, -s, abbr. oz.*, sign ^; 
 4377a grains avoirdupois, 
 480 gr. troy. 
 
 ourang-outang, use or- 
 ang-outang*. 
 
 ours* (no apos.). 
 
 O.TJ.Il.U.F.C., Ox. Univ. 
 Rugby Union Football 
 Club; O.U.S.C., ditto 
 Swimming — . 
 
 ousel, use OUZ-*. 
 
 out * (typ.), an accidental 
 omission of copy in com- 
 position. 
 
 out-and-out* (hyphens). 
 
 out/board*; -come*; 
 -door*; -fit/*, -ted, 
 -ter* -ting*; -general*; 
 -grow/,-th* (one word). 
 
 out-Herod* (hyphen, 
 cap.). 
 
 outhouse* (one word). 
 
 outl/ie*, -ier*, -ying*. 
 
 outmancBUvre* (one 
 word). 
 
 OUt/-of-date (adj.) (hy- 
 phens); — of print, abbr. 
 o.p.; — of sorts (typ.), 
 when any letter in a fount 
 is all used. 
 
 out-patient* (hyphen). 
 
 outrance* {k) (Ft.), to the 
 bitter end, noi a 1'-. 
 
 OUtrlS* (Fr.), /em. -Se, 
 exaggerated. 
 
 outsides* (paper), the top 
 and bottom or imperfect 
 quires of a ream ; abbr.O.S. 
 
 outstanding* (one word). 
 
 outstrip/*, -ped, -ping. 
 
 outv/ie*, -ier*, -ying* 
 (one word). 
 
 outvjrard-bound* (adj.) 
 (hyphen). 
 
 outwit/*, -ted*, -ting*. 
 OUvert\(¥T.)yfem. -e.open. 
 ouvriler (Fr.), a workman; 
 /em. 'dre. 
 
 ouzel*, a bird, not ous-. 
 
 over/alls*, -board* (one 
 word)* 
 
 overburden*, not -then. 
 
 overburdensome*. 
 
 overcast (naut.), abbr. O. 
 
 overcharge, abbr. 0/0. 
 
 Over Dar-wen, Lanes. 
 
 over-glad* (hyphen). 
 
 over/land*, -mantel*, 
 -mantle, -rate*, 
 
 -reach*, -ride*, -rule* 
 (one word). 
 
 overrun* (typ.), to turn 
 over words from one line 
 to the next, for several or 
 many lines. 
 
 overseer (typ.), abbr. O. 
 
 Overtoun (Baron), not 
 -own ; pron. -tun. 
 
 ovol/o*, a moulding;/*/, -i*. 
 
 ov/um*, an egg; pi. -a* (not 
 ital.). 
 
 O.W.*, Old Wellingtonian. 
 
 0. W, (Ger.), osterreichische 
 Wdhrung (Austrian cur- 
 rency), a much-used abbr. 
 
 Owens College, Man- 
 chester (no apos.). 
 
 owner, abbr. O. 
 
 Ox., Oxford. 
 
 " Oxford Almanack," 
 not ac. 
 
 "Oxford English Dic- 
 tionary (the)," abbr. 
 O.E.D., not H.E.D., 
 N.E.D. 
 
 Oxfordshire, abbr. Oxon. 
 
 oxide*, «o/-id, -yd, -yde. 
 
 oxidize *, etc. , wo/-ise,oxy-. 
 
 Oxon, Oxfordshire, Oxonia 
 (Oxford), Oxoniensis (of 
 Oxford) (no point). 
 
 Oxon., signature of Bp. o| 
 Oxford (full point). 
 
 oxy chloride*, not oxi-. 
 
 oxygen/*, symbol O*; 
 -ize *, not -ise. 
 
 oyer and terminer * (law). 
 
 oyez I * hear ye ! not oyes ; 
 pron. o'yez. 
 
 OZ.*, ounce, -s. 
 
 Jt)6 
 
O ITOTES 
 
 377 
 
O NOTES 
 
 878 
 
p. — PAGE 
 
 P., pastor, post, prince, the 
 fifteenth in a series, 
 proper names with this 
 initial, (Fr.)Pere (Father), 
 (Lat.) Papa (Pope), Pa/er 
 (Father), pontifex (a 
 bishop), populus (people), 
 proconsul, (mech.) pres- 
 sure. 
 
 P*, phosphorus, (chess) 
 pawn (no point). 
 
 p., page (this should not 
 end a line), participle, 
 past, perch, pipe, pole, 
 (Fr.) passe (past), pied 
 (foot), pouce (inch), pour 
 (for), (ichth.) pectoral, 
 ( La.t.)partim (in part), per 
 (by, for), pius (holy), pon- 
 dere (by weight), post 
 (after), primus (first), 
 pro (for), (naut.) passing 
 showers. 
 
 p (It. m\xs.)j piano (softly). 
 
 p., poco (little). 
 
 F, per (by, for). 
 
 % (typO' *^he reversed or 
 blind P, the paragraph 
 mark, used to denote the 
 commencement of a new 
 paragraph ; also sixth re- 
 ference mark for foot- 
 notes in math, works. 
 
 n (Gr.), see pi. 
 
 P.A.*, Post Adjutant. 
 
 Pa.*, Pennsylvania (off. 
 abbr.). 
 
 p.a., par amitieQay favour), 
 per annum (yearly). 
 
 pabulum*, food (not ital.). 
 
 p.a.C. (mil.). Passed Ad- 
 vanced Class (at Ord- 
 nance College), not 
 Passed Artillery College. 
 
 pace] (Lat.), with the con- 
 sent of; — tua, with 
 your consent. 
 
 pacha, «s^ pasha*. 
 
 pacha (Fr. m.), pasha. 
 
 pachymeter *, measuring 
 instrument, not pacho-. 
 
 package/, -s, abbr. pkg. 
 
 packet/, -ed, -ing. 
 
 packthread* (one word). 
 
 pad*, sheets of paper fast- 
 ened at one or more edges, 
 and removable singly. 
 
 padding *, increase of 
 printed matter, without 
 enhancing value. 
 
 Paderewski (I. J.), i860-, 
 pianist; pron. -evski. 
 
 padishah*, Pers. title, not 
 padsh-. 
 
 padlock* (one word). 
 
 padre* (It., Port., Sp.), 
 father, applied also to a 
 priest. 
 
 padronje* (It), a master, 
 employer ; pi. -/. 
 
 p. 8B., partes aequales (equal 
 parts). 
 
 psBan *, a song of triumph. 
 
 psBdagogy, use pe-*. 
 
 paBdeutics*, science of 
 education, not pai-. 
 
 Psedobaptists*, not Pe-. 
 
 psBnology, use pe-*. 
 
 paBon*, Greek prosody. 
 
 paBony, use peony*. 
 
 Paganini (Nicold), 1784- 
 1840, violinist 
 
 paganize*, not -ise. 
 
 page*, (typ.) type, or 
 type and cuts, properly 
 arranged for printing on 
 one side of a book leaf; 
 not to be confused with 
 leaf or leaves ; each leaf, 
 being printed on both 
 sides, consists of two 
 pages. A single page 
 (chapter endings, etc.) 
 should not contain less 
 than five lines. Abbr. p., 
 pl. pp.; even — , one 
 
 379 
 
PAGE — PAMPHLET 
 
 bearing a number divi- 
 sible by two ; odd page, 
 one bearing a number 
 not divisible by two ; — 
 proof, one made up into 
 pages; -wrhite — , a blank 
 page {see also pagina- 
 tion). 
 
 page (Fr, m.), a page-boy ; 
 (f.) page of a book. 
 
 paginate*, to mark with 
 consecutive numbers. 
 
 pagination*, the paging 
 of a book, also the act 
 of paging ; (typ.) all 
 page numbers should be 
 at the outside of the head 
 margin, as this position 
 fecilitates reference when 
 rapidly turning over the 
 leaves : when there are 
 headlines, they are 
 usually put in the cen- 
 tre of the tail margin. 
 The late Sir Leslie 
 Stephen wrote to me 
 that he considered all 
 pages (even the first of a 
 chapter) should be num- 
 bered : a plan to be re- 
 commended as facilitating 
 reference ; quotation 
 of — , to be 322-4, not 
 322-34 {see also pre- 
 liminary matter). 
 
 pag/ing*, -inal*. 
 
 Pahlanpur, India, use 
 
 Pal- 
 paid, abbr. pd. 
 
 paideutics, use paed-*. 
 
 paijamas, use py-*. 
 
 pail/asse* (Fr. m.), a 
 clown ; (f.) a straw-mat- 
 tress, in Eng. palliasse. 
 
 paillesl (Fr. cook, f.), 
 straws ; — depamtesatif 
 cheese-straws. 
 
 Pain (Barry), writer 
 {see also Payn/, -e). 
 
 pain (Fr. m.), bread. 
 
 Paine (Thomas), 1737- 
 1809, author **The Rights 
 of Man" {see also Tajnl, 
 -e). 
 
 painim,a pagan, Ms^pay-*. 
 
 paint., painting. 
 
 paintiBgs (titles of), 
 when cited, to be roman 
 double-quoted. 
 
 pair/, -s, abbr. pr. 
 
 pais (trial per)*, trial by 
 jury. 
 
 pajamas, Amer. form of 
 py-*. 
 
 Paket setzen (Ger. typ.), 
 to compose in slips. 
 
 Pal., Palestine. 
 
 palaBO- *, prefix, not paleo-. 
 
 pal8Bography *, abbr. 
 palflBog. 
 
 palaeontology*, abbr. pa- 
 ISBont. ; (typ.) genera, 
 species, and varieties to 
 be italic, other divisions 
 roman {see also botany). 
 
 palsBozoic *, not pale-. 
 
 pataestra* (Gr.), a wrest- 
 ling school, not pale-. 
 
 patais (Fr. m,), palace, 
 palate. 
 
 palankeen*, «o/-quin. 
 
 Palanpur, Ind., not Pahl-. 
 
 palan/quin, use -keen*. 
 
 palazzfo (It), a palace; 
 pi. L 
 
 pal/e*, -ish*. 
 
 paleo-,prefix, f*s^pal890-*. 
 
 Palestine, abbr. Pal. 
 
 paletot*, an overcoat (no 
 accent, not ital.). 
 
 palette*, for colour-mixing 
 {see also pallet). 
 
 palladium*, symbol Pd*. 
 
 pallet* (horol. and organ 
 building)(swa/5opalette). 
 
 palliasse, a straw -mat- 
 tress; in Fr.f. palliasse. 
 
 palliat/e*, -or*. 
 
 palm-oil* (hyphen). 
 
 Palm Sunday*, one before 
 Easter (two words, caps.). 
 
 pam., pamphlet. 
 
 Pamir, Cent. Asia, wo/-irs. 
 
 pampas-grass* (hyphen). 
 
 pamphlet* (typ.), any 
 work not exceeding five 
 sheets, usually in paper 
 covers ; abbr. pam. 
 
 980 
 
iPan.) Panama. 
 
 panacea*, a cure-all (not 
 ital.). 
 
 panais (Fr. m.), parsnip. 
 
 Pan/- African*, — -A- 
 merican*, — -Angli- 
 can* (hyphen, caps.). 
 
 Pandean pipes *, not 
 -sean (cap.). 
 
 pandemonium*, not pan- 
 dae-. 
 
 pandit, use pun- ♦. 
 
 P. & O.*, Peninsular and 
 Oriental Steam Naviga- 
 tion Company. 
 
 panegyrize *, not -ise. 
 
 panel/*, -led*, -ling*, not 
 -ell, pann-. 
 
 paner (Fr. cook.), to dress 
 with eggs and bread- 
 crumbs. 
 
 Panhellen/ic *, -ism * 
 (one word, cap.). 
 
 Panislam * (one word). 
 
 Panizzi (Sir Antonio), 
 1797-1879, librarian. 
 
 Pan jab, use Punjab. 
 
 panjandrum*, a mock 
 title. 
 
 pannel, «5^ panel*. 
 
 pannikin*, no/ -can, pana- 
 kin, -ikin. 
 
 Pan-pipe*, not Pan's — 
 (cap., hyphen). 
 
 pans (French dressmaking, 
 m. plural), long floating 
 ends of ribbon, also coat- 
 tails. 
 
 Panslavio *, not PanscI-. 
 
 pantagraph, use pan- 
 to-*. 
 
 Pantheon *, Rome. 
 
 Panth6on, Paris (6). 
 
 pantograph*, a mechani- 
 cal drawing machine, not 
 panta-, penta-. 
 
 pantomime*. 
 
 pantoufte (Fr. f.), a 
 slipper; in English pan- 
 tofle*. 
 
 paonj (Fr.), peacock ; /em. 
 -ne. 
 
 Papa* (Lat.), Pope; abbr. 
 P. 
 
 PAW. — PAPOOSE 
 
 papal/*, -ly*. 
 
 paper (approximate 
 
 sizes of unfolded 
 
 printing)— 
 
 crown, 20 X 15 in. 
 
 demy, aa^/a x 177, 
 
 double crown, 30 x 20 
 
 — demy, 35 x 227, 
 
 — foolscap, 27 X 17 
 
 — post, 3i7j X 197, 
 
 — royal, 40x25 
 imperial, 30 x 22 
 medium, 2373 x i87a 
 post, 1974X15V3 
 royal, 25 x 20 
 super-royal, 277, x 207^ 
 draviring and writing 
 
 ditto- 
 antiquarian, 53x31 in. 
 atlas, 34 X 26 
 Columbier, 347, x 237, 
 copy, or draft, 20 x i6 
 demy, 20 x 1572 
 dble. elephant, 40 x 2673 
 elephant, 28 x 23 
 emperor, 72 x 48 
 foolscap, 17 X 1 37a 
 imperial, 30 x 2a 
 medium, 22 x 1773 
 post (large), 21 x 1673 
 
 — (small), 19 X 157^ 
 pott, 15 X 127, 
 royal, 24 x 19 
 super-royal, 27 x 19 
 
 {See also demy, double, 
 mediiim, folio, fools- 
 cap, imperial.) 
 
 papetlier{Fr.),/ent. 'ibre, 
 a stationer. 
 
 Papier (Ger. n.), paper 
 (cap.). 
 
 papier (Fr. m.), paper (not 
 cap.). 
 
 papier m&oh6* (two 
 words, not ital.). 
 
 papoose*, N. Amer. infant, 
 not papp-. 
 
 flSx 
 
PAPPBAND — PAKENTHESIS 
 
 Pappband (Ger. typ. n,), 
 
 boards ; abbr. Ppb, (cap.). 
 Pappe (Ger. f.), cardboard 
 
 (cap.). 
 Paps^(Ger.m.),Pope(cap.). 
 papyr/us*, pi. -i*. 
 par *, of exchange, etc. (no 
 
 point). 
 par., paragraph, parallel, 
 
 parenthesis, parish. 
 par* (Fr.), by, out of. 
 Para., Paraguay. 
 Parable of the Ten 
 
 Virgins (caps.). 
 par\ accds (Fr.), by fits 
 
 and starts ; — accident, 
 
 accidentally ; — accord, 
 
 by agreement, 
 paradisaical*, not -iacal. 
 paraffin*, noi -ine. 
 
 paragon* type, SS 
 
 this,20point, 
 3 '/I lines to 
 the inch. 
 
 paragraph*, the matter 
 between one break-line 
 and the next; (typ.) 
 in conversation, one for 
 each fresh speaker or 
 interruption. First line 
 in 8vo, under twenty ems 
 pica wide, usually in- 
 dented one em, above 
 this width one and a half, 
 or in wide-leaded matter 
 two ems. In 4to, usually 
 two ems. Last line should 
 have more than four let- 
 ters. When numbered 
 I, 2, clauses (i), (2). 
 Abbr. par.,^/. pars., sign 
 ^, or [ {see also proof 
 correction marks). 
 
 paragraph mark (U) 
 (typ.), used to show 
 where a new paragraph is 
 to begin ; also sixth refer- 
 ence mark for foot-notes 
 in math, works. 
 
 Paraguay*, pron. par'a- 
 gwl ; abbr. Para. 
 
 paraitpas (II n*y) (Fr.), 
 there is no appearance 
 of it. 
 
 paraitplus (11 n*y) (Fr.), 
 there remains no trace 
 of it. 
 
 parakeet*, not paraquet, 
 -oquet, -okeet, parroquet. 
 
 paralipsis* (rhet.), not 
 -leipsis, -lepsis, -y. 
 
 parallel/*, abbr. par. ; 
 -ed*, -ing*. 
 
 parallele (Fr. f.), parallel 
 geom. lines ; a fortifica- 
 tion ; in all other senses 
 masc. 
 
 parallelepiped/*, -on*, 
 not -ipipedj -opiped. 
 
 parallel mark (||) (typ.% 
 fifth reference mark for 
 foot-notes in math, works. 
 
 paralogize*, to reason 
 falsely, not -ise. 
 
 paralyse *, not -ise, -ize. 
 
 Paramatta, use Parra-. 
 
 Paramecium* (zool.), not 
 -aecium, -cecium. 
 
 par atnltlS (Fr.), by fa- 
 vour ; abbr. p. a. 
 
 paraph*, the flourish at 
 the end of a signature. 
 
 paraphernalia*, is pi. 
 
 paraquet, ms^ parakeet*. 
 
 par avance (Fr.), in 
 advance. 
 
 parbleul* (Fr. colloq.), 
 an exclamation of sur- 
 prise. 
 
 parcel/*, -led*, -ling*. 
 
 parcel post*, not par- 
 cels — . 
 
 parcimony, ws^parsi-*. 
 
 parj cl, par la (Fr.), here 
 and there; — complai- 
 sance*, out of politeness; 
 — diplt, out of spite. 
 
 parenthes/is*, pi. -es*, 
 abbr. parens. ; in Fr. f. 
 parentbbse, in Ger. f. 
 Pare n these, the up- 
 right curves ( ) (see also 
 punctuation, XX). 
 
 28a 
 
PAKENTHESIZE ~ PARTIM 
 
 parenthesize*, to insert 
 as a parenthesis, tiot -ise. 
 
 parerg/on*, a subsidiary 
 work; pi. -a* (not ital.). 
 
 parj exemple * ( Fr. ), for in- 
 stance, abbr. p. eJir. ; — C-X- 
 cellence *, pre-eminent- 
 ly; — CAprds, by express ; 
 
 — faveur, by favour ; 
 
 — force *f by superior 
 strength. 
 
 pargana (Ind.), a parish, 
 use pergunnah *. 
 
 par basard (Fr.), by 
 chance, not — haz-. 
 
 pari mutuel* (Fr.), a 
 method of betting. 
 
 pari passu (Lat.), at the 
 same rate or time. 
 
 paris green (not cap.). 
 
 parish/, abbr. par. ; — 
 priest, abbr. P.P.* 
 
 Parisian, of Paris (cap.) ; 
 Parisienne (Fr. f.), a 
 woman of Paris (cap.). 
 
 park, abbr. pk. 
 
 Park (Mungo), 1771- 
 1806, Afr. traveller. 
 
 Parkes (Sir Harry S.), 
 1828-85, diplomatist in 
 China and Japan ; — (Sir 
 Henry), 1815-96, Aus- 
 tralian statesman. 
 
 Park Gate, Hants (two 
 words). 
 
 Parkgate,Ch eshi re, Yorks, 
 Antrim (one word). 
 
 Pari., parliamentary. 
 
 Parliament/ (cap.), abbr. 
 Pari. ; — House, Edin., 
 the So. Law Courts {see 
 also Assemblies;. 
 
 parlour*, not -or. 
 
 Parmesan*,a cheese made 
 at Parma. 
 
 parochialize*, «o^-ise. 
 
 parokeet, m5^ parakeet*. 
 
 parol* (law), oral, not 
 written, not -le. 
 
 parole*(mil.),a watchword. 
 
 parole (Fr. f.), promise. 
 
 paroquet, m5^ parakeet*. 
 
 paroxysm*. 
 
 par parenthSse (Fr.), by 
 
 the way; par prScau- 
 tiotif as a precaution. 
 
 parquetry*,inlaid flooring; 
 in Fr. f. parqueterie. 
 
 Parr, St. Helens, Lanes. 
 
 Parr ("Old"), 1483- 
 1635, aged 152. 
 
 parr*, a young salmon, not 
 par. 
 
 parrakeet, use para- 
 keet*. 
 
 Parramatta, N.S.W., not 
 -mata. Para-. 
 
 Parratt (Sir Walter), 
 1841-, Mus.Doc. 
 
 Parrish*s chemical food. 
 
 parroquet, use para- 
 keet*. 
 
 pars., paragraphs. 
 
 Parsee/ *, not -i ; pi. -s. 
 
 "Parsifal,** by Wagner, 
 1879. 
 
 parsimony*, not parci-. 
 
 parsnip* (bot.), not -ep. 
 
 Parsonstown, King's 
 County (one word). 
 
 part, abbr. pt. 
 
 part., participle. 
 
 parterre *, a flower-bed, or 
 garden (not ital.). 
 
 partes sequales (Lat.), 
 equal parts ; abbr. p. 8B. 
 
 Parthenon, temple at 
 Athens. 
 
 Parthian* arro^ or 
 shaft (cap.). 
 
 parti* (Fr. m.), party (fac- 
 tion), match (marriage), 
 resolution (good or bad). 
 
 particepsi (Lat.), an ac- 
 complice ; — crimiais, 
 a participator in crime. 
 
 participator*, not -er. 
 
 participle, abbr. p., or 
 part. 
 
 parti - coloured*, not 
 party-. 
 
 particularize*, mo/ -ise. 
 
 particulier (Fr. m.), a 
 private citizen. 
 
 partiej* (Fr. f.), part; — 
 carr6e *, a party of four. 
 
 partial (Lat.), in part; 
 abbr. p. 
 
 383 
 
PAKTI PRIS — PATRIA 
 
 parti pris (Fr.m.), foregone 
 
 conclusion, prejudice ; 
 
 de , deliberately. 
 
 partisan *, not -zan. 
 partOUt (Fr.), everywhere, 
 part-song* (hyphen). 
 party (Conservative, Lib- 
 eral, etc.) (not cap.). 
 party - coloured, use 
 
 parti-*, 
 parure* (Fr. f.), a set of 
 
 jewels, 
 parvenu/ *,/^w. 'e*,pl. -s, 
 
 an upstart (not ital,). 
 par vote teligraphlqae 
 
 (Fr.), by telegraph; abbr. 
 
 p.v.t 
 Pas-de- Calais, d^p. N. 
 
 Fr. (hyphens). 
 pas del deux* (Fr. m.), 
 
 dance for two ; 
 
 quatre, ditto four; 
 
 trois, ditto three. 
 Pas de zelel (Fr.), Don't 
 
 be too zealous ! 
 pasha* (Turk.), a title 
 
 placed after the name, not 
 
 -cha, -shaw, bashaw ; in 
 
 Fr. m. pacha, 
 " Pasha of Many Tales," 
 
 by Marryat, 1836. 
 Pasha of three tails, the 
 
 highest rank ; then two 
 
 — , then one — . 
 Pas possible! (Fr.), You 
 
 don't say so ! 
 pass., passive, 
 passable*, may be passed 
 
 {see also passi-). 
 passji* (Fr.), fern. -Se, 
 
 past, faded ; abbr. p. 
 passementerie* (Fr. f.), 
 
 embroidery, not passi-. 
 passe-partout* (Fr. m.), a 
 
 master-key, also permit. 
 pas seul* (Fr. m.), dance 
 
 for one person, 
 passible*, susceptible {see 
 
 also passa-). 
 passim* (Lat.), here and 
 
 there. 
 Passion Week*, one be- 
 fore Easter (two words, 
 
 caps.). 
 
 pass-key* (hyphen), 
 password* (one word), 
 past, abbr. p. 
 
 pastel/*, -list* (art), not 
 -elist {see also pastille). 
 pastdque (Fr. f.), water- 
 melon. 
 
 pasteurize*, to sterilize, 
 not -ise. 
 
 pastille *, confection, odor- 
 izer, not -il {see also 
 pastel). 
 
 pastor, abbr. P. 
 
 pat/*, -ted, -ting*. 
 
 Pata., Patagonia. 
 
 patchouli*, not -ly. 
 
 pMtel {Fr. cook, f.), paste; — 
 d*ltalie, vermicelli, ma- 
 caroni ; — feuilletSe, 
 puff paste; — frisie^ 
 short paste {see also 
 patte). 
 
 pMtSI* (Fr. m.), a pie; — 
 de toie gras*, goose- 
 liver pie. 
 
 paten*, Eucharist bread- 
 plate, not -in, -ine. 
 
 Patent Office, abbr. Pat. 
 Off. 
 
 Pater* (Lat.), Father; abbr, 
 P. 
 
 paterfamilias *, father of 
 a family ; pi. patres-. 
 
 paternoster* (a) (one 
 word). 
 
 Paterson (A. H.), 1862-, 
 writer; — (William), 
 1658-1719, founder of the 
 Bank of England {see also 
 Patt-). 
 
 path., pathology. 
 
 Patiala, Punjab. 
 
 patin/, -e, use paten *. 
 
 pktisslerie* (Fr. f.), pastry; 
 -/er, fern, -i^re, pastry- 
 cook. 
 
 patois (not ital.). 
 
 Patres j{L&t.), fathers,abbr. 
 PP. ; — Conscripti, 
 Conscript Fathers, abbr. 
 PP.C. 
 
 patria potestas (Rom. 
 law), father's power over 
 his family. 
 384 
 
PATKOIi — PEA 
 
 patrol/*, -led*, -ling*, 
 patronize*, «o/-ise. 
 patiej* (Fr. dress, f.), a 
 
 decorative strap ; — de 
 
 COlletf shoulder-strap. 
 Patteson (J. C), 1827-71, 
 
 martyr-bishop {see also 
 
 Pater-). 
 Pattison (Mark), 1813- 
 
 84, Rector of Line. Coll., 
 
 Oxford. 
 pauca verba (Lat.), few 
 
 words. 
 Pauer (Ernst), 1826-, 
 
 pianist ; pron. pow'r. 
 Paul (Kegan), Trench, 
 
 Triibner, & Co., Ltd., 
 
 publishers, London, 
 pauperize*, etc., «o/-ise. 
 pavan*, a dance, not -ane, 
 
 -en, -ian, -in. 
 pavS* (Fr. ra.), pavement, 
 pavilion*, «o/pavill-. 
 pavilion* (Fr. m.), flag, 
 
 bell of a trumpet, etc. 
 paviour*, one who lays 
 
 pavements, not -er, -ier, 
 
 -ior. 
 pawl*, a detent 
 pawn (chess), abbr. P. 
 pax vobiscum I (Lat.), 
 
 peace be with you ! 
 paxwax*, the neck carti- 
 lages, not the many 
 
 variations. 
 Payen-Payne (de Vin- 
 
 cheles), 1866-, writer. 
 payniaster,abbr. paymr., 
 
 or P.M. (one word). 
 Paymaster - G-eneral 
 
 (caps., hyphen) : abbr. 
 
 p.M.a. 
 
 payment, abbr. pt. 
 Payn (James), 1830-98, 
 
 writer {see also Pain/, -e). 
 Payne (Edward John), 
 
 1844-, historian ; — (J. 
 
 H.), 1792-1852, wrote 
 
 " Home, Sweet Home." 
 Payne - Gallwey (Sir 
 
 Ralph W.), 1848-, 
 
 writer on sport. 
 pa3rnim *, a pagan, not pai-. 
 Pays.Bas (Fr. m. pi.), the 
 
 Netherlands (caps., hy- 
 phen). 
 
 P.B., Pharmacopoeia Britan- 
 nica (British Pharma- 
 copoeia), Plymouth Breth- 
 ren, Prayer Book, Primi- 
 tive Baptists, (mil.) Pro- 
 visional Battalion. 
 
 "Ph*, plumbum (lead). 
 
 P.Bor., Pharmacopoeia Bor- 
 ussica (Prussian Pharma- 
 copoeia). 
 
 P.C., Parish Council, -lor, 
 Perpetual Curate, police- 
 constable, Privy Council, 
 -lor; p/c, petty cash, 
 prices current; p.c, post 
 card ; P.C.C., Prerogative 
 Court of Canterbury ; 
 P.C.M.O., Principal 
 
 Colonial Medical Officer ; 
 P.C.P., Past Chief 
 Patriarch ; P.C.B.S., 
 Poor Clergy " Relief 
 Society; P.C.S. (Sc), 
 Principal Clerk of Ses- 
 sion. 
 
 P.D., a pepper adulterant, 
 Pharmacopoeia Dub- 
 
 linensis (Dublin Pharma- 
 copoeia), Postal District 
 (London), (elec.) poten- 
 tial difference, printer's 
 devil, (Ger.) Privatdozent 
 (university teacher) ; 
 
 Pd*, palladium ; pd., 
 paid ; p.d.a., pour dire 
 adieu (to say good-bye) ; 
 P.D.A.D.(law), Probate, 
 Divorce, and Admiralty 
 Division ; Pd.B. (Amer.), 
 Bachelor of Pedagogy ; 
 Pd.D., Doctor ditto ; 
 Pd.M., Master ditto. 
 
 P.E., Pharmacopoeia Edin- 
 burgensis (Edinburgh 
 Pharmacopoeia), Presiding 
 Elder, Protestant Epis- 
 copal. 
 
 peacemaker* (one word). 
 
 pea/cock*, fem. -hen*; 
 youngj -chiok * (one 
 word). 
 
 pea-green * (hyphen). 
 
 ^5 
 
PEARCE — PENTATEUCH 
 
 Pearoe (Sir W. G.), 
 1861- {see also Peirse). 
 
 pearl * type, the smallest size 
 but one regularly made, four and 
 three-quarter point, fifteen lines to 
 the inch, as this. 
 
 Peary (R. E.), 1854-, 
 Amer. Arctic explorer. 
 
 pease-pudding *. 
 
 peat-hag*, a peat pit. 
 
 pebbl/e*, -y*. 
 
 peccadillo/*,/)/, -es. 
 
 peccary*, S. Amer. mam- 
 mal, not -i. 
 
 peccavjl* (Lat.), I have 
 erred ; pi. -imus, 
 
 pSche (Fr. f.), fishery, -ing, 
 peach. 
 
 pSchS (Fr. m.), a sin. 
 
 pScher (Fr.), to fish. 
 
 pScher (Fr.), to sin. 
 
 Pechili, China (one word). 
 
 peck/, -s, abbr. pk. 
 
 pectoral (ichth.), abbr. p. 
 
 peculat/e*, -or*. 
 
 Ped. (mus.), pedal. 
 
 pedagog/ue*, -y*, not pae-. 
 
 pedal/*, -led, -ling*. 
 
 pedlar*, not -cr, peddler. 
 
 Pedobaptists, use Peb-*. 
 
 Peeblesshire, abbr. Pee- 
 bles. 
 
 peep-show* (hyphen). 
 
 pee'vrit*, mo/ pew-. 
 
 Peggotty, in " David 
 Copperfield." 
 
 P.E.I., Prince Edward 
 Island. 
 
 peignoir* (Fr. m.), a dress- 
 ing-gown. 
 
 Peirse (Sir H. M. de la 
 P. B.), 1850- {see also 
 Pearce). 
 
 Peking, China, not -kin; 
 now often Pei-Ching. 
 
 pekoe*, a black tea, not 
 peckoe, pecco (not cap.). 
 
 pell-mell*, confusedly ; in 
 Fr. pile-mile. 
 
 PeloponnesuSjthe modern 
 Morea. 
 
 pemmican*, dried meat, 
 not pemi-. 
 
 pen., peninsula. 
 
 penalize*, «o/-ise. 
 
 Penang,off. for Prince of 
 Wales Island. 
 
 penchant*, bias (not ital.). 
 
 pencil/*, -led*, -ling*. 
 
 pendant *, anything hang- 
 ing. 
 
 pendent* (adj.), suspended. 
 
 pendente lite* (Lat.), 
 during the suit. 
 
 pendule (Fr. m.), pendu- 
 lum ; (f.) clock. 
 
 pendulum/*, pi. -s*. 
 
 penetralia* (Lat.), secrets. 
 
 pen-feather*, quill ditto, 
 not pin-. 
 
 penguin*, a bird, not pin-. 
 
 Penicuik, Midlothian ; 
 pron. pen-'y-cook. 
 
 Peninsular/ Campaign, 
 U.S.A., 1862 ; — War, 
 1808-14. 
 
 Penit., penitentiary. 
 
 Penmaenmawr, Carnar. 
 
 pen-name* (hyphen). 
 
 penn'orth* (colloq.), a 
 pennyw^orth. 
 
 Pennsylvania, ofEc. abbr. 
 Pa., not Penn. 
 
 penny*, ^/. pennies* when 
 meaning the number of 
 coins : pence *, their 
 value ; abbr. s. and pi. d. 
 
 penn/y*, -iless*. 
 
 penny- a-liner* (hyphens). 
 
 pennyroyal* (one word). 
 
 pennyweight*, 24 grains; 
 abbr. s. and pi. dwt.* 
 
 penology *, science of 
 punishment, not pae-. 
 
 Penrhyn, Carnarvon, also 
 Saron — ; pron. pen'rin. 
 
 Penryn, Cornwall. 
 
 pensie* (Fr. f.), thought, 
 maxim, also pansy ; ar- 
 rierej , a mental reser- 
 vation, pi. pensies. 
 
 pension! (Fr. f.), a board- 
 ing-house, school ; en — , 
 on boarding terms ; pen- 
 sionnat (m.), a board- 
 ing-school. 
 
 Pent., Pentecost. 
 
 pentagraph, use panto-*. 
 
 Pentateuch/*, -al* (cap.). 
 
 a86 
 
PENTECOST — PERPETUAIi 
 
 Pentecost*, Whit-Sunday; 
 abbr. Pent. 
 
 Pentecostal * (not cap.). 
 
 pentstemon* (bot), not 
 pens-. 
 
 penumbra/* (astr.), pi. -s. 
 
 peon*, a servant {see also 
 paean, psBon). 
 
 peony*, «o^pae-. 
 
 pepsin*, Mo/-ine. 
 
 Pepys (Samuel), 1632- 
 1703, wrote " Pepys's 
 Diary " ; pron. peeps. 
 
 per., period. 
 
 per* (Lat.), by, for; abbr. 
 p., o^-^; peraccidens*, 
 by accident ; per an- 
 num *, yearly, abbr. 
 p.a., or per ann. (not 
 ital.) ; per capita, by the 
 number of individuals. 
 
 perceiv/e, -able, -er. 
 
 percentage (one word). 
 
 perj cento (It.), per cent ; 
 
 — centum (Lat.), by the 
 hundred, abbr. per cent 
 (no point), or %. 
 
 perceptible, not -able. 
 
 Perceval (Sir W. B.), 
 1854- ; — (Spencer), 
 1 762-18 12, statesman. 
 
 perch, abbr. p. 
 
 perchance, perhaps. 
 
 perche (Fr. f.), perch (a 
 fish), pole (stick). 
 
 percolat/e, -ing, -or. 
 
 perl consequens* (Lat.), 
 consequently; — con- 
 tra *, on the other hand ; 
 
 — curiam, by the court ; 
 
 — diem*, daily. 
 perdreauj (Fr. m.), a year- 
 old partridge ; pi. -x, 
 
 perdrlxl (Fr. f.), partridge, 
 
 pi. same ; — blancbe, 
 
 ptarmigan. 
 perdul (Fr.), /em. -e, 
 
 concealed, lost. 
 Pdre (Fr. m.), R.C.C. 
 
 father ; abbr. P. 
 Pdre Xiachaise, cemetery 
 
 near Paris (two words, 
 
 caps.). 
 perj essentlam (Lat.), 
 
 essentially ; — eundem, 
 
 by the same (judge). 
 perf., perfect, (stamps) 
 
 perforated. 
 per fas aut nefas (Lat.), 
 
 through right or wrong, 
 perfect, abbr. perf. 
 perfecter, not -or. 
 perfectiDg/(typ.), printing 
 
 the second side of a 
 
 sheet ; — -press, or — 
 
 -machine, one which 
 
 prints both sides of the 
 
 paper before its delivery. 
 perforat/ed, abbr. perf.; 
 
 -or. 
 perforce, of necessity (one 
 
 word). 
 Pergamentband {Ger. m.), 
 
 vellum binding (cap.). 
 pergunnab * (Ind.), parish, 
 perigee/ (astr.),/)/. -s; abbr. 
 
 perig. 
 P6rigord pie, a truffle - 
 
 flavoured pie. 
 perine/um, -al (anat.). 
 per Interim (Lat.), in the 
 
 meantime. 
 period, abbr. per. ; in typ. 
 
 called the full point, or 
 
 point (see punctuation, 
 
 XXI). 
 periodicals (titles of), 
 
 when cited, to be roman 
 
 double-quoted, 
 periphras/is, circumlocu- 
 tion ; pi. -es. 
 peritoneum, not -aeum. 
 perityphlitis (path.). 
 periwig, not perri-. 
 periwinkle, plant, and 
 
 mollusc. 
 per mark (typ.), ^. 
 per mensem* (Lat.)^ 
 
 monthly. 
 perm Is de s6 jour (Ft. m.), 
 
 permission to reside, 
 permissible, 
 permit/, -ted, -ting. 
 Perowne, /row. pe-rOn'. 
 per pais (Norman Fr.), by 
 
 jury ( = by the county\ 
 Perpetual curate, abbr. 
 
 P.O. 
 
 287 
 
PEB PROCURATIONEM — PPLEIDERER 
 
 per] procurationem * 
 
 (Lat.), by procuration, 
 abbr. per proc. * ; — 
 quod (Lat.), whereby. 
 Perraiizabuloe,Cornwall. 
 Pers., Persia, -n. 
 pers., person, -al, -ally. 
 perj saltutn* (Lat.), at a 
 leap; — se*, by himself, 
 herself, itself, or them- 
 selves. 
 Persia/, -n, abbr. Pers. 
 Persian type has four 
 forms, Naskhi, Taleek, 
 Nustaleek, Shekestah ; 
 Persian morocco, the 
 best. 
 
 persiflage (not ital.). 
 
 per sign (typ.), ^. 
 
 persil (Fr. m.), parsley. 
 
 persimmon (bot.), not 
 -simon. 
 
 persisten/ce, in Fr. f. 
 -ance; -cy, -t. 
 
 personal grata (Lat.), an 
 acceptable person ; — 
 gratissima, a most ac- 
 ceptable person ; — /n- 
 grata, ditto unacceptable. 
 
 personnel, a staff of persons 
 employed in any service. 
 
 persp., perspective. 
 
 per stirpes (Lat.), by the 
 number of families. 
 
 persuasible. 
 
 per totam curiam (Lat.), 
 unanimously. 
 
 perturbat/or,/^m. -rix. 
 
 perturber, noi -or. 
 
 Peru., Peruvian. 
 
 peruke, a wig, not -que. 
 
 per viam (Lat.), by way of. 
 
 pes ( Lat. ) , a foo t ; pi. pedes, 
 
 Peshaivar, Ind., «o/-ur. 
 
 pesliwa, a Mahratta chief. 
 
 peso, Spanish dollar. 
 
 pessimi exempli (Lat.), 
 likely to prove a bad 
 example. 
 
 Pestalozzi (J. H.), 1745- 
 1827, Swiss educationist. 
 
 Pesth, use Budapest. 
 
 Pet., Peter (New Test.). 
 
 petal/, -led. 
 
 Peterhof, palace of Emp. 
 
 of Russia (one word). 
 Peter Schlemihl, a well- 
 meaning unlucky fellow. 
 Peter*s-pence (cap. , apos. , 
 
 hyphen). 
 petal {Jr.), fern, -e, small; 
 
 — comite, a small party. 
 petitio principii (Lat.), 
 
 begging the question. 
 petit-Iait, whey. 
 petit- mat tre (Fr.m.),a fop ; 
 
 petite-maitresse, a fe- 
 male dandy, pi. petites- 
 
 maUresses. 
 petitsl pois (Fr. m.), green 
 
 peas ; — soins, little 
 
 attentions. 
 petit verre (Fr. m.), a glass 
 
 of liqueur. 
 Petre, pron. pe'tr. 
 petrel, a bird, not -erel. 
 Petriburg., signature of 
 
 Bp. of Peterborough (full 
 
 point). 
 petrol, oil for motor-cars, 
 petrology, abbr. petrol. 
 Pettie (John), 1839-93, 
 
 painter. 
 Petty (Sir William), 
 
 1623-87, writer, etc. 
 petty/ cash, abbr. p/c. ; — 
 
 officer (two words), abbr. 
 
 P.O. 
 peu a peu (Fr.), gradually. 
 peut'6tre (Fr.), perhaps, 
 pe-wit, «s^ peewit*. 
 p,ex. {YT.),par exemple{ior 
 
 instance). 
 P.P., Procurator-fiscal. 
 Pf. (Ger.), Pfund (pound), 
 p.f. (Fr.), pour feliciter (to 
 
 congratulate). 
 pf (It. mus.) piu forte (a 
 
 little louder). 
 Pfennigl (Ger. m.), about 
 
 half a farthing, not -ing ; 
 
 pi. -e, abbr. P/^, (cap.). 
 Pfingstea (Ger.), Whit- 
 suntide ; Pfingstmon- 
 tagt Whit-Monday. 
 Pfleiderer (Edmund), 
 1842-1903, philos. ; — 
 (Otto), i839-,theol. 
 
P.F.S.A. — PHILLIP 
 
 p.f.S.a., pour faire ses 
 adieux (to say good- 
 bye). 
 
 Pfund (Ger. n.), pound 
 (cap.) ; abbr. Pf, 
 
 p.l.v., pour faire vistte (to 
 make a call). 
 
 P.G., German Pharma- 
 copoeia, (paper) plate- 
 glazed ; P.Q.M. (Free- 
 masonry, Odd Fellows), 
 Past Grand Master. 
 
 phSBnogam (botany), not 
 phe-. 
 
 pheBnomenon, use phe-. 
 
 Phaethon (class, myth.), 
 the Sun God, not Phae-, 
 -ton. 
 
 phaeton, a carriage (not 
 cap.). 
 
 phalan/x, a compact body 
 of men, etc. ; pi. -ges. 
 
 phall/ua (bot. and comp. 
 relig.), pi. -i. 
 
 phantasy, etc., use fan- *. 
 
 phantom*, noti-. 
 
 Phar., pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Pharaoh, not -oah. 
 
 Pharisaic/, -al (not cap.). 
 
 Pharisee/, pi. -s. 
 
 pharm., pharmaceutical, 
 pharmacy. 
 
 Pharmacol., pharmaco- 
 logy. 
 
 pharmacopoeia/, a book 
 describing drugs, abbr. P., 
 orPhar.; — Borussica 
 (of Prussia), abbr. P.Bor.; 
 — Britannica (of Eng- 
 land), abbr. P.B.; — 
 Dublinensis (of Dublin), 
 abbr. P.D. ; — Edin- 
 burgensis (of Edin- 
 burgh), abbr. P.E. ; Ger- 
 man — , abbr. P.G. ; — 
 Londinensis (of Lon- 
 don), abbr. P.L. 
 
 pharyn/x, /)/. -ges. 
 
 Phayre, /"row. fair. 
 
 Ph.B., Philosophise Bacca- 
 laureus (Bachelor of 
 Philos.). 
 
 Ph.C. (Amer.), Pharma- 
 ceutical Chemist. 
 
 389 
 
 Ph.D., Philosophic Doc/or 
 (Doctor of Philosophy). 
 
 "Phddre,**by Racine, 1677. 
 
 Phenician, use Phoe-. 
 
 phenix, use phoe-. 
 
 phenogam, use phsBno-. 
 
 phenomen/on, an appear- 
 ance ; pi. -a, not phae- 
 (not ital.). 
 
 Ph.G. (Amer.), Graduate 
 in Pharmacy. 
 
 Phidias, 500-432 b.c, 
 Athenian sculptor; in Gr. 
 Pheid-. 
 
 Phil., Philadelphia, Philip- 
 pians. 
 
 Philadelphia, abbr. Phil. 
 
 philatel/ic, -ically, -ist, 
 
 -y. 
 
 Philem., Philemon. 
 
 Philhellenic (one word, 
 cap.). 
 
 philibeg, use filibeg*. 
 
 Philip & Son, map pub- 
 lishers, London. 
 
 Philippe, Kings of Fr. and 
 Sp. {see also Phill-). 
 
 Philippians, abbr. Phil. 
 
 philippic (not cap.). 
 
 Philippine*, a game of 
 forfeits, not fillipeen, 
 philipena, phillipine. 
 
 Philippine Islands. 
 
 Philippopolis, Bulgaria. 
 
 Philipps (Sir C. E. G.), 
 1840- ; — (Sir J. E.), 
 1824-. 
 
 Philips (Ambrose), 
 
 1675-1749, writer; — 
 (Edward), 1630-94, 
 writer, Milton's nephew ; 
 — (P. C), 1849-, 
 writer ; — (John), 1631- 
 1706, writer, Milton's 
 nephew ; — (Sir Jo- 
 seph), 1839-, Maj.-Gen. 
 {see also Phill-). 
 
 Pbllister (Ger.), a towns- 
 man, a non-student ; pi. 
 same (cap.) 
 
 Phillip (Colin B.), 1856-, 
 painter ; — (John), 
 1817-67, painter (see also 
 PhiUp). 
 
 19 
 
PHILLIPINE — PICA 
 
 phillipine, use philipp-*. 
 
 Phillipps (J. O. Halli- 
 
 • "well"), 1820-89, Shak. 
 scholar; — (SirThomas), 
 1792-1872, book-collec- 
 tor (see also Philips). 
 
 Phillipps-WoUey (C), 
 1854-, writer. 
 
 Phillips (Claude), art 
 writer; — (P. Emily), 
 writer; — (Sir G. P. 
 Faudel-), 1840- ; — 
 (Stephen), poet ; — 
 ("Wendell), 181 1-84, 
 Amer. abolitionist {see 
 also Philips). 
 
 Phillpotts (Eden), 1862-, 
 writer ; — (Henry), 
 1778-1869, Bp. of Exeter 
 {see also Philpo/t, -tt). 
 
 philol., philology, -ical. 
 
 philos.,philosopher,-ical,-y 
 
 philosophize, not -ise. 
 
 Philpot (J. H.), 1850-, 
 writer. 
 
 Philpott (Henry), 1807- 
 92, Bp. of Worcester {see 
 also Phillpotts). 
 
 Phil. Soc, Philological 
 Society of London, Philo- 
 sophical Society of Amer. 
 
 Phil. Trans., the " Philo- 
 sophical Transactions of 
 the Royal Society of 
 London." 
 
 philtre (love), not -er. 
 
 phlebitis, inflammation of 
 the veins. 
 
 Phoebus Apollo. 
 
 Phoenician, not Phe-. 
 
 phoenix, not phe-. 
 
 phon., phonetics. 
 
 phosphorous, of phos- 
 phorus. 
 
 phosphorus, symbol P *. 
 
 phosphuretted, not -eted, 
 -oretted. 
 
 photo, photograph (no 
 point). 
 
 photog., photography, -ic. 
 
 photographic (Fr. m. and 
 f.), photographer ; -/e (f.), 
 photograph, -y. 
 
 photogravure, the art of 
 
 producing, by the action 
 of light, an incised metal 
 surface for printing from ; 
 and the picture so pro- 
 duced (one word). 
 
 photo-lithography, the 
 process of reproducing in 
 ink any design on pre- 
 pared stone by means of 
 photography (hyphen). 
 
 photom., photometry, -ical. 
 
 phr., phrase. 
 
 phren., phrenology, -ical. 
 
 phrensy, use frenzy*. 
 
 P.H.S., Pennsylvania His- 
 torical Society. 
 
 phthisis, consumption ; 
 pron. thy'sis {th as in 
 thigh). 
 
 phyljum, family tree, etc. ; 
 pL -a. 
 
 phys., physical, physician, 
 physics. 
 
 physic/, -ked, -king. 
 
 physiol., physiology, -ical, 
 -ist. 
 
 physique, constitution (not 
 ital.). 
 
 physique (Fr. f.), physics 
 (natural philosophy). 
 
 pi (typ.), use pie. 
 
 pi, Gr. n, (math.) continued 
 product ; rr, ratio of cir- 
 cumference to diameter of 
 circle, or 3-14159265... 
 
 pianissimo (It. mus.), 
 very soft;abbr. pp, orppp. 
 
 piano/, //. -s, abbr. for 
 pianoforte (no point). 
 
 piano (It. mus.), softly ; 
 abbr. p. 
 
 piastre, coin, not -er (not 
 ital.). 
 
 piazz/a (It), an open 
 square ; pi. -e (not ital.). 
 
 pibroch, an air on the 
 bagpipes, not the bagpipes 
 themselves. 
 
 Pica, the ordinal of the 
 Latin Church (formerly 
 printed in pica type). 
 
 pica (typ.), a standard of 
 measurement, one-sixth 
 of an inch: **4 to pica," 
 
 290 
 
or 6, 8, lo, or 12 to pica, 
 means that 4, 6, 8, 10, or 
 12 leads or brass rules 
 equal one line of pica. 
 
 pica type, the larg- 
 est size ordinarily 
 used for books, 
 12 point, 6 lines 
 to the inch, as 
 this. 
 
 piccalilli, a pickle. 
 
 piccaninny, negro infant, 
 not pica-, picka-. 
 
 pick (t3rp.), when the face 
 of a letter is choked with 
 dirt it is called a "pick," 
 as the compositor picks it 
 out with the point of a 
 needle. It may be marked 
 in the margin with a X. 
 
 pickaxe (one word). 
 
 Pickelhaube (Ger. f.), the 
 modern helmet (cap.). 
 
 picket/, -ed, -ing. 
 
 pick-me-up, a stimulant 
 (hyphens). 
 
 pickpocket (one word). 
 
 picnic/, -king. 
 
 pictures (titles of), when 
 cited, to be roman double- 
 quoted. 
 
 pidgin-EngUsh, Chinese 
 jargon, from pidgin 
 
 (business), not pigeon 
 
 (hyphen, one cap.). 
 
 pie (typ.), type indis- 
 criminately mixed, not 
 pi, Pye. 
 
 piebald, not pye-. 
 
 pihcej (Fr. f.), a piece, 
 play, etc. ; — de con- 
 viction, document used 
 as evidence ; — de 
 resistance, the principal 
 dish at a meal ; — d* occa- 
 sion, a work composed 
 for a special occasion ; — 
 justificative, document 
 used as evidence in 
 favour. 
 
 PICA — PINSUTI 
 
 piecemeal, one portion 
 
 at a time (one word). 
 pihce montSe (Fr. cook, f.), 
 
 a decorative dish. 
 piedj (Fr. m.), a foot, abbr. 
 
 p. ; — 'h-terre, an oc- 
 casional residence, pi. 
 
 pieds (hyphens). 
 
 *« Pierce the Plough- 
 man's Crede," anon. 
 
 about 1394 (see also 
 
 Piers). 
 Pierrepont, fam, name of 
 
 Earl Manvers ; pron. 
 
 peer'point. 
 "Piers Plowman (The 
 
 Vision of),** by W. 
 
 Langland, first ed. 1362 
 
 {see also Pierce). 
 Pietermaritzburg, S. Afr. 
 pietrja durja (It.), a stone 
 
 mosaic ; pi. -e -e, 
 pigeonhol/e, -ed (one 
 
 word), 
 pigmy, use pygmy. 
 Pigot (Sir George), 
 
 1850-. 
 Pigott (Sir C. R.), 1835- 
 
 — (Sir Paynton). 
 pigst/y,^/. -ies (one word). 
 Pike's Peak, Rocky 
 
 Mountains (apos.). 
 pilau, Turk, national dish. 
 pilaw, Indian dish. 
 Pillsbury (H. N,\ 187a-, 
 
 chess player, 
 pilot/, -ed, -ing. 
 Piloty (K. von), 1826-86 
 
 Ger. painter. 
 Pilsener,a light beer(cap. ). 
 pimento, allspice, not -a. 
 pince-nez, spring eye- 
 glasses (not ital., hyphen), 
 Pindar (Peter), 1738- 
 1819, pen-name of Dr. J. 
 Wolcot. 
 pineapple (one word). 
 Pinero (A. W.), 1855-, 
 dramatist ; pron. pin-air^ o. 
 pin-feather*, small ditto, 
 
 not pen- {see also pen-), 
 pinguin, a bird, use pen-*. 
 Pinsuti (Giro), 1829-88, 
 composer. 
 
 19* 
 
PINT — PLAZA 
 
 pint/, -s, abbr. pt. 
 pintade (Fr. f.), guinea- 
 fowl. 
 Pinturicchio, 1454-1513, 
 
 It. painter. 
 pinxit (Lat.), he, or she, 
 
 painted it ; abbr. pnxt, 
 pip/e, abbr. p. ; -y, not -ey. 
 ** Pippa Passes," by 
 
 R. Browning, 1841. 
 piquant/ (Fr.), /em. -e, 
 
 sharp. 
 pIquS (Fr. m.), thick cotton 
 . fabric, quilting ; (adj.) 
 
 slightly sour (of wine) ; 
 
 (mus.) short, detached ; 
 
 (cook.) larded. 
 Pir8BUS, harbour of Athens. 
 Pirie*s paper, that made 
 
 by Alex. Pirie & Sons, 
 
 Aberdeen ; pron. pir'6. 
 Pirrie (Rt. Hon. W. J.), 
 
 1847-, shipbuilder. 
 pis alter (Fr. m.), a make- 
 shift. 
 pistachio (bot.), wo/-acho. 
 pitance, use pitt-. 
 pit-a-pat, with palpitation, 
 
 not pitpat, pity-, pittypat 
 
 (hyphens). 
 pitchfork (one word), 
 pitchstone (geol.) (one 
 
 word). 
 Pitman (Sir Isaac), 1813- 
 
 97, shorthand inventor, 
 pittance, an allowance, 
 
 not pita-. 
 Pitti (Palazzo), Florence. 
 Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, 
 
 not -burgh. 
 piit (It.), more. 
 plus (Lat.), holy ; abbr. p. 
 Pix, use Pyx. 
 pixy, not -ie. 
 P.J., presiding judge, 
 
 Probate Judge. 
 pk., park, peck, -s. 
 pkg., package, -s. 
 .P.L., Pharmacopoeia Lond- 
 
 inensis (London Phar.), 
 
 Poet Laureate. 
 pi., place, plate, -s, plural. 
 place aux dames I (Fr.), 
 
 ladies first ! 
 
 placebo (R.C.C.), Vespers 
 for the dead. 
 
 placet (Lat.), permission. ! 
 
 Place Venddme, a square 
 in Paris. 
 
 placket (dress.), an open- 
 ing. 
 
 plafond, the ceiling, not 
 plat-. 
 
 plagiarize, not -ise. 
 
 plagu/e, -ily, -y. 
 
 plain - sailing, use 
 
 plane-. 
 
 plain-song (hyphen). 
 
 plaintiff, abbr. plf. 
 
 plaister, use plas-. 
 
 planchet, a coin-blank. 
 
 planchette, pencil frame 
 on wheels. 
 
 plane-sailing (naut.), not 
 plain- (hyphen). 
 
 Plantagenet (family of). 
 
 Plantin (Christophe), 
 1514-89, printer. 
 
 plaster (sticking-), not 
 plaist-. 
 
 plastron (Fr. dress, m.), 
 a bodice front. 
 
 plat/e, -es, abbr. pi. ; -y ; 
 (typ.) an electro, stereo, 
 or illustration {see also 
 figures and plates) ; 
 (photog.)whole— ,8^2 x 
 672 in., half- —,672 x 47^, 
 quarter-—, 4^Uxs'U. 
 
 plateau/, an elevated plain ; 
 pL -X (not ital.). 
 
 plate-glass (hyphen). 
 
 platinize, to coat with 
 platinum, not -ise. 
 
 platinum, symbol Pt. 
 
 Platonic (cap.). 
 
 platyrhine, not -rrhine. 
 
 plausible, not -able. 
 
 play or pay, abbr. p.p. 
 
 play/bill,-goer(one word). 
 
 plays (titles of), when 
 cited, to be roman double- 
 quoted {see also quota- 
 tions). 
 
 playwright (one word). 
 
 play- writer (hyphen). 
 
 plazal (Sp.), a public 
 square ; pi. -S. 
 
 99a 
 
P.Ii.B. — POETRY 
 
 P.Ij.B., Poor Law Board. 
 
 P.L.C, Poor Law Com- 
 mission, -er. 
 
 pleasur/e, -able. 
 
 plebeian, vulgar, common. 
 
 plebiscite, a vote of the 
 people (no accent, not 
 ital.) ; in Fr. m. pie-, 
 
 pleblscJtjum (Lat.), a 
 decree of the plebs ; pi. -a, 
 
 plebs (Lat.), the populace. 
 
 Pleiad/ (astr. ),/»/. -es. 
 
 pleln air (Fr. m.), the open 
 air. 
 
 Plen., plenipotentiary. 
 
 plevir/a, bui -isy. 
 
 pleuro-pneumonia (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 plf., plaintiff. 
 
 P.L.G., Poor Law Guard- 
 ian. 
 
 plie (Fr. f.), plaice. 
 
 Plimsoirs mark (naut.). 
 
 Plinlimmon, not Plyn-. 
 
 plis creux (Fr. dress, m. 
 pi.), box-pleats. 
 
 plisse (Fr. m.), gathering, 
 kilting, or pleating. 
 
 plod/, -der, -ding. 
 
 plough, in Amer. plow. 
 
 plum/, -my. 
 
 plumb, vertical. 
 
 plum-pudding (hyphen). 
 
 Plunket, family name of 
 Barons Plunket and Rath- 
 more. 
 
 Plunkett, fam. name of 
 Earl of Fingall, and of 
 Barons Dunsany and 
 Louth ; — (Kt. Hon. Sir 
 P. R.), 1835-, diplo- 
 matist ; — (Rt. Hon. Sir 
 Horace C), 1854-, P.C. 
 pluperfect, abbr. plup. 
 plural/, abbr. pi. ; -ize, 
 
 not -ise. 
 plus/ (Lat.), more; — mark 
 (ty p. ), that of addition, + . 
 plus tot (Fr.), sooner. 
 Pluto (Rom. myth.), the 
 
 god of the under-world. 
 plutot (Fr.), rather. 
 Plutus (Gr. myth.), per- 
 sonification of riches. 
 
 pluvier (Fr. m.), plover. 
 
 pluviometer, not pluvia-. 
 
 Pljrmouth Brethren, 
 abbr. P.B. 
 
 Plynlimmon, use Plin-. 
 
 P.M., Pacific Mail, pay- 
 master, postmaster, post- 
 mortem. 
 
 p.m.* {La.t.)j post mendtem 
 (afternoon) (not ital.). 
 
 pm., premium, premolar. 
 
 P.M. & O.A., Printers' 
 Managers and Overseers 
 Assoc. 
 
 P.M.G., 
 
 Pall Mall Ga- 
 
 zette," Paymaster-Gen- 
 eral, Postmaster-General. 
 
 P.M.O., Principal Medical 
 Officer. 
 
 p.n., promissory note. 
 
 pneum., pneumatic, -s. 
 
 pnxt, pinxtt (he, or she, 
 painted it). 
 
 P.O., petty officer, postal 
 order, post office, professor 
 ordinarius, Province of 
 Ontario, public office, -er. 
 
 pocket - handkerchief 
 (hyphen). 
 
 pOCOl (It.), a little, abbr. p. ; 
 — curante, apathetic, 
 careless. 
 
 P.O.D., pay on delivery, 
 Post Office Department. 
 
 Poe (Edgar Allan), 1809- 
 49, Amer. writer ; pron.pO. 
 
 podle (Fr. m.), pall, stove ; 
 (f.) frying-pan. 
 
 poems (titles of), when 
 cited, to be roman double- 
 quoted (see also quota- 
 tions). 
 
 poet., poetic, -ical, poetry. 
 
 Poet Laureate (caps., two 
 words) ; abbr. P.L. 
 
 poetry (typ.), turn-over 
 lines to be indented two 
 ems when even, three ems 
 when outand in, except in 
 very narrow measures ; 
 use grave accented e 
 when that otherwise mute 
 syllable is to be separately 
 pronounced, as raised ; 
 
 293 
 
POETRY — PONBERE 
 
 when verses are num- 
 bered, no period after the 
 figure ; poetry quota- 
 tions, unless they are set 
 in smaller type, to have 
 double quotesat beginning 
 of first verse and end of 
 last verse only. 
 
 poignard, poinard, use 
 poniard. 
 
 poinsettia (botany), not 
 point-. 
 
 point (typ.), all marks of 
 punctuation, especially 
 the full stop {see a/so com- 
 pass, point system, 
 punctuation). 
 
 point-blank (hyphen). 
 
 point] d'appui (Fr. m.), 
 a basis of operations ; — 
 d*attaque, basis of 
 offensive operations. 
 
 Point-de-Galle, Ceylon 
 (hyphens). 
 
 point et virgule (Fr.), the 
 semicolon. 
 
 pointing (typ.), printers' 
 term for punctuation, 
 which see. 
 
 point system (typ.), one 
 requiring that the bodies 
 of all types shall be 
 multiples, or divisions, of 
 the twelfth of a pica, 
 which is theoretically the 
 sixth of an inch (72 points 
 = I inch). 
 
 polreau (Fr. m.), leek. 
 
 pols (Fr. m. s. and pi.), pea. 
 
 poisson (Fr. m.), fish. 
 
 poivre (Fr. m.). pepper. 
 
 Pol., Poland, Polish. 
 
 polarize, not -ise. 
 
 pole, abbr. p. 
 
 Pole Carew, pron. pool 
 ka're. 
 
 polecat (one word). 
 
 pol. econ., political econo- 
 my. 
 
 Police (Ger. f.), policy of 
 insurance (cap.) {see also 
 Polizei). 
 
 police-constable (hy- 
 phen) ; abbr. P.O. 
 
 policliinelle (Fr. m.), 
 puppet, buffoon. 
 
 Polish,;abbr. Pol.; (typ.) 
 has 24 letters as in Eng. 
 w^ithout q and v. There 
 are accents on many of 
 the letters. 
 
 polit., political, politics. 
 
 politesse (Fr. f.), polite- 
 ness. 
 
 political economy, abbr. 
 pol. econ. 
 
 Polizei (Ger. f.), police 
 (cap.) {see also Police). 
 
 pollock, a fish, not -ack. 
 
 Pollock (Sir Frederick), 
 1845-, Prof, of law ; — 
 (Walter Herries), 
 1850-, writer. 
 
 Pollok (Robert), 1799- 
 1827, Sc. poet. 
 
 PoUokshaws, near Glas- 
 gow. 
 
 Polwarth, pron. pOl'- 
 worth. 
 
 polyanthus/ (bot.), not 
 -OS ; pi. -es. 
 
 polyglot, not -ott. 
 
 polyhedr/on, not polye- ; 
 pi. -a. 
 
 "Polyolbion,'* by Dray- 
 ton, 1613-22. 
 
 polyp (zool.), not -pe. 
 
 polyp/us {path.), pi. -i. 
 
 Polytechnic Institu- 
 tion, London. 
 
 Polytechnique (Ecole), 
 Fr. school. 
 
 polyzo/on (zool.), pi. -a. 
 
 pomade, preparation for 
 the hair, not pomm-. 
 
 Pomard, a Burgundy 
 wine. 
 
 pomelo, a fruit, the shad- 
 dock, not pumm-. 
 
 pommel/, -led, -ling, not 
 pum-. 
 
 pommesl (Fr.f. pi.), apples; 
 — de terre, potatoes. 
 
 Pompeian, of Pompeii. 
 
 ponctuation (Fr. f.), 
 punctuation. 
 
 pondere (Lat.), by weight ; 
 abbr. p. 
 
 294 
 
PONDICHERRY — POSSESSIVE 
 
 Pondicherry, Ind. ; in Fn 
 
 Pondich^ry. 
 poniard, a dagger, not 
 
 poign-, poin-. 
 ponsf (Lat.), a bridge, pi. 
 
 pontes ; — asinorum, 
 
 bridge of asses, Euclid, 
 
 1,5. 
 
 Pontaeq, a white wine. 
 
 Pontefract, pron. pomfret. 
 
 pontlfjex (Lat.), a bishop, 
 abbr. P. ; pi. -ices. 
 
 pont/iff, -ifical. 
 
 Pont-r]fiveque, a Fr. 
 town ; (m.) a cheese. 
 
 P.O.O., post office order. 
 
 pood (Russ.), 36 lb. Eng. 
 
 Pool, Leeds. 
 
 Poole, Dorset. 
 
 Poole (W. P.), 1821-94, 
 of '' Poole's Index." 
 
 Poona, Bombay, not -ah. 
 
 poorhouse (one word). 
 
 Poor Law (two words, 
 caps.) ; poor-rate (hy- 
 phen, no caps.). 
 
 P.O.P. (photog.), printing- 
 out paper. 
 
 pop., popular, population. 
 
 Pope (the) (cap.). 
 
 pope-Joan, a card game 
 (cap. J only). 
 
 popularize, not -ise. 
 
 population, abbr. pop. 
 
 populas (Lat.), people ; 
 abbr. P. 
 
 pore (Fr. m.), pork. 
 
 Porchester Terrace, 
 London {see also Port-). 
 
 -pore, Ind. suffix, see -pur. 
 
 Porson (Richard), 1759- 
 1808, Gr. scholar. 
 
 Port., Portugal, -uese. 
 
 Port au Prince, Haiti 
 (two caps., no hyphen). 
 
 Portchester, Hants {see 
 also Porch-). 
 
 PortCy the Turkish Govern- 
 ment ; more fully the 
 Sublime — (ital.). 
 
 portej-crayon (Fr. m.), a 
 
 crayon-holder ; tnotl- 
 
 naie (s. and pi.), a purse 
 (hyphen)^ 
 
 Port-Glasgow, Renfrew 
 (hyphen). 
 
 portico/, pi. -es ; -ed. 
 
 portJSre (Fr. f.), door- 
 curtain, a portress, car- 
 riage door, or window. 
 
 portmanteau/, pi. -x (not 
 ital.). 
 
 Porto Bello, Panama (two 
 words). 
 
 Portobello, near Edin- 
 burgh (one word). 
 
 Portpatrick, Stranraer 
 (one word). 
 
 portray, not pour-. 
 
 Portugal, abbr. Port, {see 
 also Assemblies). 
 
 Portuguese, abbr. Port. ; 
 (typ.) alphabet has 25 
 letters as in Eng. without 
 w. The vowels a, o, may 
 have a curved mark over, 
 asjoao, poem. The acute 
 accent, also f as in Fr., 
 is used sometimes. 
 
 pos., positive. 
 
 P.O.S.B., Post Office 
 Savings Bank. 
 
 pos/e, -ed, -ing. 
 
 poseujr (Fr.), /em. -se, 
 a prig. 
 
 poss., possession, -ive. 
 
 posse comitatus (Lat.), 
 the county force. 
 
 possessive case (typ.) — 
 
 1. The apostrophe for 
 this should be used 
 only for nouns ; not for 
 the pronouns hers, its, 
 ours, theirs, yours. 
 
 2. For nouns in the 
 singular and plural that 
 end in any letter but s, 
 the apostrophe must 
 precede the s, as Presi- 
 dent's house, men's 
 hats. 
 
 3. For nouns in the 
 singular number that 
 end in 5, the possessive 
 must be formed by 
 adding the '5, as 
 Burns's poems, St. 
 James's Street. 
 
 295 
 
POSSESSIVE — POULETT 
 
 possessive case (cont). 
 
 4. For nouns in the 
 plural number that end 
 in 5, the apostrophe 
 must follow the s, as 
 
 . in boys' games. 
 
 5. When the 5 would be 
 silent m speech, it is 
 generally omitted, as 
 for conscience' sake. 
 
 6. In English names and 
 surnames add 's. 
 
 7. Ancient words ending 
 in -es usually make the 
 possessive in -es\ as 
 Ceres' rites, Moses' law. 
 
 8. Omit the apos. in such 
 cases as "Additional 
 Curates Society," 
 where the Society is not 
 of or for the persons 
 named. 
 
 post, abbr. P. 
 
 post (Lat.), after; abbr. p. 
 
 postage - stamp (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 postal order, abbr. P.O. 
 
 post card/, -s (two words), 
 abbr. p.c. ; (elec- 
 tion), mM5/ bear printer's 
 name and address. 
 
 poste restante, P.O. dept. 
 where letters remain till 
 called for. 
 
 posteriori (a), not a — 
 (not ital). 
 
 postgraduate (one word). 
 
 post-haste (hyphen). 
 
 posthumous, not postu-. 
 
 postilion, not -llion. 
 
 post litem motam (Lat.), 
 after litigation began. 
 
 postmark (one word). 
 
 postmaster (one word) ; 
 abbr. P.M. 
 
 Postmaster - General 
 (hyphen, caps.) ; abbr. 
 P.M.G. 
 
 post meridiem (Lat.), 
 afternoon; abbr. p.m. (not 
 caps., or s.caps.). 
 
 post-mortem (hyphen, not 
 ital.) ; abbr. P.M. 
 
 post-obit, a bond (hyphen). 
 
 post office/ (two words), 
 
 abbr. P.O. ; order, 
 
 abbr. P.O.O. ; Post Of- 
 fice Savings Bank, 
 abbr. P.O.S.B. ; post 
 paid, abbr. p.p. 
 
 post, see books, paper. 
 
 postscript (one word) ; 
 abbr. P.S., not PS., pi. 
 P.SS. 
 
 post terminum (Lat.), 
 after the conclusion. 
 
 postumous, use posth-. 
 
 posy, not -ey. 
 
 pot/, -ted, -ting. 
 
 pot., potential. 
 
 potagej (Fr. m.), soup \ — h 
 la queue de baeuf, ox- 
 tail soup ; — de levrautf 
 hare soup ; —prititaniery 
 soup with spring veget- 
 ables. 
 
 potato/, pi -es. 
 
 pot-au-feu (Fr. cook, m.), 
 a meat broth. 
 
 poteen, illicit whisky, not 
 pott-, poth-. 
 
 potential, abbr. pot. 
 
 pot, use pott {see also 
 books, paper). 
 
 potpourri, a medley (one 
 word). 
 
 potsherd, not -ard, 
 -are. 
 
 pott, not pot (see also 
 books, paper). 
 
 pouce (Fr. m.), an inch, 
 a thumb ; abbr. p. 
 
 pouding (Fr. cook, m.), 
 pudding. 
 
 poudrlS (Fr.), fern, -^e, 
 powdered. 
 
 Poughkeepsie, U.S.A. ; 
 pron. pO-kip'si. 
 
 poularde (Fr. f.), a fat 
 pullet. 
 
 poulel (Fr. f.), a hen ; — de 
 nelge, white grouse ; — 
 faisane, hen-pheasant. 
 
 pouletj (Fr. m.), a young 
 chicken ; — de grain, 
 a corn-fed chicken. 
 
 Poulett (Earl, not of); 
 pron. pawl'et. 
 
 296 
 
POULETTE — PRE-ADAMITB 
 
 poulette (Fr. f.), a young 
 
 hen. 
 pound/, avoirdupois, 7000 
 
 grains; — troy, 5760 
 
 grains ; — mark (typ.), 
 
 money £, weight lb. {not 
 
 ft), neither takes s in the 
 
 plural. 
 pourj (Fr.), for, abbr. p. ; — 
 
 ainsi dire, so to speak. 
 pourboire (Fr. m.), a 
 
 gratuity. 
 pourj dire adieu (Fr.), 
 
 to say good-bye, abbr. 
 
 p.d.a. ; — faire ses 
 
 adieux, ditto, abbr. 
 
 p.f.s.a. ; — faire visite, 
 
 to make a call, abbr. p.f.v. 
 pourparler (Fr. m.), pre- 
 liminary discussion (pjiQ 
 
 word, ital.). 
 pour prendre congS (Fr.), 
 
 to take leave ; abbr. p.p.c. 
 pour rendre visite (Fr.), 
 
 to return a call ; abbr. 
 
 p.r.v. 
 pour tout dire (Fr.), in a 
 
 word. 
 pourtray, use por-. 
 pousse-cafS (Fr. m.), a 
 
 liqueur (after coffee). 
 Poussin (Nicholas), 
 
 1594-1665, painter. 
 poussin (Fr. m.), a very 
 
 young chicken. 
 Powell, />ro«. po'el. 
 Powerscourt, pron.po'ers- 
 
 kort. 
 Powis (Earl of), family 
 
 name Herbert ; pron. 
 
 pO'is {see also Powys), 
 Powlett, />ro«. pawFet. 
 powwow, a feast, etc. 
 
 (3 "''s). 
 Pow^ys, fam. name Baron 
 
 Lilford ; pron. pO'is {see 
 
 also Powis). 
 PP. (Lat.), Patres (fathers). 
 P.P.*, parish priest, 
 pp., pages; (typ.) this abbr. 
 
 should not end a line. 
 pp* (It. mus.), pianissimo 
 
 (very soft) or piii piano 
 
 (softer). 
 
 p.p., past participle, play 
 or pay, (Fr.) public par 
 (published by), post paid. 
 
 Ppb, (Ger. bind.), Pappband 
 (boards). 
 
 p.p.c, pour prendre conge 
 (to take leave, to pay 
 a parting call). 
 
 p.p.i., policy sufficient proof 
 of interest. 
 
 P.Q., previous question, 
 Province of Quebec. 
 
 P.P.., Porto Rico, prize 
 ring, (Lat. )Po/>M/M5/?oma- 
 nus (the Roman people). 
 
 Pr., priest, printer. 
 
 pr., pair, -s. 
 
 P.R.A.*, President of the 
 Royal Academy (Lon- 
 don). 
 
 praam, a boat, use pram. 
 
 Praclitausgabe (Ger. 
 typ. f.), edition de luxe ; 
 abbr. Pr.-A. 
 
 practice (noun). 
 
 practise (verb). 
 
 pr8Bm.unire, a writ, not 
 pre-. 
 
 praBnomen, use pre-. 
 
 praepositor, use pre-. 
 
 praeter propter (Lat.), 
 about, nearly ; abbr. pr, 
 pr. 
 
 praetor, a Roman magis- 
 trate, not pre-. 
 
 Prager (Ger.), inhabitant 
 of Prague. 
 
 Prager (Ger.), a coiner. 
 
 pram,, a boat, not praam. 
 
 pratique, a limited quaran- 
 tine, not -ic. 
 
 Prayer Book (caps., no 
 hyphen) ; abbr. P.B. 
 
 Prayer of Manasses, 
 abbr. Pr. of Manasses. 
 
 P.R.B., 
 
 Pre-Raphaelite 
 
 Brotherhood, 1850. 
 P.R.C, Post Romam Con- 
 
 ditam (after the building 
 
 of Rome : 753 b.c). 
 Prchevalsky, use Pije- 
 
 valski. 
 pre-Adamite (hyphen, 
 
 cap. A). 
 
 297 
 
PREAUIjT — PRENOMEN 
 
 Pr6ault (A. A.), 1809-79, 
 Fr. sculptor. 
 
 preb., prebend, -ary. 
 
 prec, preceding, precentor. 
 
 precentor, choir director ; 
 abbr. prec. 
 
 preceptor, a teacher. 
 
 preces (Lat.), prayers. 
 
 precession, of the equi- 
 noxes. 
 
 pre-Christian (hyphen, 
 cap. C). 
 
 " Pr6cieuses ridicules 
 (Les),** by Moliere, 1659. 
 
 prScIeulx (Fr.), an affected 
 man ; /em. -se, 
 
 precis/, a summary ; — 
 writing (not ital.). 
 
 pre-Columbian (hyphen, 
 cap. C). 
 
 precursor, not -er. 
 
 predictor, not -er. 
 
 predilection, partiality. 
 
 pre/-eniinence, -emin- 
 ent,-eniption,-engage, 
 -establish, -exist (all 
 hyphened). 
 
 pref., preface, preference, 
 preferred, prefix, -ed. 
 
 preface, the introductory 
 address of the author to 
 the reader, in which he 
 explains the purpose and 
 scope of the book. It is 
 as well to make this 
 thoroughly explanatory, 
 as cases are not infrequent 
 where this is the only 
 part of the book read by 
 a reviewer ! (typ.) It is 
 usually set in type one 
 or two sizes larger than 
 the text, or the same type 
 wider leaded. The pagi- 
 nation should be separate 
 from the text, and in roman 
 numerals with no full 
 point, and not in figures. 
 Abbr. pref. {see also pre- 
 liminary matter). 
 
 prSfectu rel {Fr. f. \ county- 
 hall in a French town ; 
 — de police, office of 
 commissioner of police. 
 
 prefer/, -able, -ably, etc. 
 
 prefer/ence, -red, abbr. 
 pref. ] 
 
 prefix/, -ed, abbr. pref. 
 
 prehens/ible, -ile (one 
 word). 
 
 prehistoric (one word). 
 
 Preignac, a white wine. 
 
 Prejevalski, use Pije- 
 valski. 
 
 prejudg/e, -ment, etc. 
 (one word). 
 
 prejudice against; — in 
 favour 0/ not to be used. 
 
 prelim., preliminary. 
 
 preliminary matter 
 (typ.), the order should 
 be : — half-title, frontis- 
 piece, title (on the back 
 of this, numberof editions, 
 impressions, etc.), dedica- 
 tion, errata, preface, con- 
 tents, list of illustrations, 
 introduction. All except 
 frontispiece, which faces 
 title, to come or begin on 
 right-hand pages, but the 
 errata may go on the left- 
 hand page when needful to 
 save space. Pagination to 
 be roman numerals with 
 no full point. The index 
 to be at the end of the 
 book, beginning on a 
 right-hand page, and with 
 pagination running on 
 with the book {see also 
 title page/, -s). 
 
 premier {au) (Fr. m.), on 
 the first floor ; premidte 
 danseuse, principal fem. 
 dancer in a ballet ; en 
 premiere, in a first-class 
 carriage ; premidre qua- 
 litSf first quality. 
 
 premise (logic), a pro- 
 position, not -iss. 
 
 premise (verb), not -ize. 
 
 premium, abbr. pm. 
 
 premolar, abbr. pm. 
 
 premunire, use prsB-. 
 
 prendre I'/iabit (Fr.), to 
 become a monk or nun. 
 
 prenomen, not prae-. 
 
 298 
 
PHEITTICE — PREVOST 
 
 prentice, an apprentice 
 (no apos.). 
 
 pre/occupy, -ordain (one 
 word). 
 
 prep., preparatory, pre- 
 position. 
 
 prepay (one word). 
 
 prepositor, a monitor, not 
 prae-. 
 
 Pre-B,aphaelite/(hyphen, 
 caps.) ; — Brotherhood, 
 abbr. P.R.B. 
 
 Pres., president. 
 
 prS salS (Fr. m.), mutton 
 from sheep pastured on 
 a salt marsh, or near the 
 sea. 
 
 Presb., Presbirterian, 
 
 presbyopia, old sight. 
 
 Presbyterian (cap.); abbr. 
 Presb. 
 
 preses (Sc), president, 
 or chairman. 
 
 president, abbr. Pres. 
 
 President of the United 
 States, etc. (caps.). 
 
 Press (the), newspapers, 
 etc. (cap.). 
 
 press (corrector of the), 
 one who reads and cor- 
 rects printers' proofs ; a 
 proof-reader. 
 
 Press (freedom of the). 
 Every person who prints 
 anything for hire or re- 
 ward must, under a 
 penalty of ;^2o, keep one 
 copy at least of the matter 
 printed, and write on it 
 the name and place of 
 abode of the person who 
 employed him to print it. 
 Every person who 
 prints any paper meant 
 to be published must 
 print on the first or last 
 leaf his name and usual 
 place of business ; on 
 failing to do so he forfeits 
 the sum of jCsi ^^^ so 
 does any person publish- 
 ing the same. 
 
 Papers printed by Par- 
 . liament, or in Govern- 
 
 ment offices, engravings, 
 auction lists, bank-notes, 
 bills of lading, receipts 
 for money, and a few 
 similar forms, are ex- 
 empt. 
 
 Pressens6 (E. D. de), 
 1824-91, Fr. theol. and 
 statesman. 
 
 press/-mark, that which 
 shows the place of a book 
 in a library ; — proof, 
 the last one examined 
 before going to press, or 
 taking electro or stereo ; 
 — -work (typ.), the 
 operating, adjustment, or 
 management of a printing 
 press ; also the work 
 done by the press. 
 
 pressure(mechanics),abbr. 
 P. 
 
 Prester John, mythical 
 medieval priest. 
 
 prestige, renown (not 
 ital.). 
 
 prestige (Fr. m.), enchant- 
 ment (ital.). 
 
 Preston/kirk, -pans, 
 Haddington (one word). 
 
 Prestwich, Lanes. 
 
 Prestwick, Ayr. 
 
 presum/e, -able, -ably, 
 -ing. 
 
 pret., preterit. 
 
 pretence, not -se. 
 
 pretenjsion, -tious. 
 
 preterit, past tense, not 
 -ite ; abbr. pret. 
 
 preternatural, etc. (one 
 word). 
 
 preter serment (Fr.), to 
 take the oath. 
 
 pretiumj affectionis (Lat., 
 Sc. law), a fancy price ; 
 — pericu/I, premium for 
 insurance. 
 
 pre tor, use prae-. 
 
 Preusssn, Ger. n. for 
 Prussia ; pron. proi'sen. 
 
 prevail/, -ed, -ing. 
 
 preventive, not -tative, 
 -titive. 
 
 Prevost, /TOW. prev'o. 
 
 299 
 
PRlfevOST — PRIVY 
 
 Pr6vost-Paradol (L. A.), 
 1829-70, Fr. writer. 
 
 prSvdt (Fr. m.), provost. 
 
 P.R.I., President of the 
 Royal Institute (of Paint- 
 ers in Water-Colours). 
 
 price list (two words). 
 
 prJe-Dleu (Fr. m.), a kneel- 
 ing-chair (for devotion) ; 
 pi. same. 
 
 priest, abbr. Pr. 
 
 prim., primary, primate, 
 primitive. 
 
 prima (typ.), the first word 
 of the next page, sheet, 
 or slip to the one being 
 read ; also mark on copy 
 where reading is to be re- 
 sumed after interruption. 
 
 primal (It. f.), first; — 
 /6l///a, first female singer in 
 a comic opera ; — donna, 
 first ditto in opera, pL 
 prime donne; prima 
 faoie (Lat.), at first sight 
 (two words, not ital.) ; dl 
 (or a) prima vista (It.), 
 at first sight ; prima volta 
 (It mus.), the first time. 
 
 Prime Minister (two 
 words, caps.). 
 
 primer (typ.), pron. prim- 
 er {see also great — , 
 long — ). 
 
 primeval, not -seval. 
 
 primigenial, not primo-. 
 
 Primitive Baptists, abbr, 
 P.B. 
 
 primum cognltum (Lat.), 
 the first thing known. 
 
 prlmusj (Lat.), first, abbr. 
 p. ; — Inter pares, first 
 among equals. 
 
 Prin., Principal. 
 
 prin., principles, princi- 
 pally. 
 
 prince,abbr.P. ; Prince/ of 
 Glory, Life, or Peace, 
 as Deity (caps.) ; — of 
 "Wales/ Islandjoff". Pen- 
 
 ang; note, a 
 
 paper, 4^2 x 3 in. 
 
 pri/iceps (Lat.), thefirst,//. 
 princlpes; editio — , the 
 
 first edition of a work, pi, 
 editlones princlpes. 
 
 princeise (Fr. dress.), a 
 long close-fitting gown. 
 
 Princeton University, 
 U.S.A. 
 
 Principal, abbr. Prin. 
 
 princip/les, -ally, abbr. 
 prin. 
 
 print., printing. 
 
 print (in), still on sale ; — 
 (out of), sale, or new, 
 copies no longer obtain- 
 able, abbr. o.p. 
 
 prlntanljer (Fr. cook.), 
 fent. -dre, with early 
 spring vegetables. 
 
 printer, abbr. pr. ; King's 
 or Queen's Printer, 
 may print Bibles (A.V.), 
 Prayer Books, Statutes, 
 and Acts of State, to the 
 exclusion of all other 
 presses, except (in the 
 case of Bibles and Prayer 
 Books) those of the Uni- 
 versities of Oxford and 
 Cambridge. Special li- 
 cence may be given to 
 print Bibles in Scotland 
 and Ireland. 
 
 printer's error,/*/, print/- 
 er's, or -ers' errors. 
 
 printer's mark, an im- 
 print. 
 
 printing, abbr. ptg., or 
 print. 
 
 Prlnzj (Ger. m.), prince 
 (usually of the blood 
 royal), pi. -en ; fern. 
 -essln, pi. -esslnnen 
 (cap.). 
 
 prior to, before, or pre- 
 vious to, preferred. 
 
 prise, to force open, not -ize. 
 
 priv., privative. 
 
 Privatdozent (Ger. m.), a 
 university teacher paid 
 only by students' fees (one 
 word, cap.); abbr. P.D, 
 
 privative, abbr. priv. 
 
 Privy Council/, -lor (two 
 words, caps.), abbr. 
 P.O. ; Privy Seal, P.SL 
 
 300 
 
PRIX — PBOOP 
 
 prix (Fr. m.), prize, price. 
 
 prize, to force open, use 
 -ise. 
 
 Pijevalski (Nicholas), 
 1839-, Russ. traveller, 
 not the many varia- 
 tions. 
 
 p.r.n., pro re nata (as oc- 
 casion may require). 
 
 pro (Lat.), for ; abbr. p. 
 
 proa, Malay vessel, not the 
 many variations. 
 
 pro and cod, pro et contra 
 (forand against) ; pi. pros 
 and cons (not ital,, no 
 points). 
 
 prob., probable, -ly, prob- 
 lem. 
 
 probaium est (Lat.), it 
 has been proved. 
 
 ProbelabzugiGer.typ.m.), 
 proof impression ; -60- 
 ^en, proof-sheet ; 'tlUtn' 
 wetf specimen number ; 
 -seite, specimen page 
 (caps.). 
 
 pro bono publico (Lat.), 
 for the public good. 
 
 probosc/is, pi. -es. 
 
 Proc, proceedings, proctor. 
 
 proems (Fr. m.), lawsuit. 
 
 process blocks, illustra- 
 tions produced by pho- 
 tography, and chemical or 
 mechanical etching pro- 
 
 prooess-server (hyphen). 
 
 prochs} - verbal, official 
 report, minutes j pi. — 
 'Verbaux. 
 
 proconsul (one word) ; 
 abbr. P. 
 
 Procter (Adelaide 
 
 Anne), 1825-64, poetess ; 
 — (Bryan Waller, not 
 Walter), 1787-1874, pen- 
 name ''Barry Cornwall," 
 poet. 
 
 proctor, abbr. Proc. 
 
 Proctor (R. A.), 1837-88, 
 astr. and writer. 
 
 Procurator - fiscal, Sc. 
 law officer (cap. /*, hy- 
 phen). 
 
 procureurj (Fr. m.), an 
 attorney; — de la rS' 
 publlque, — da roi, or 
 — gSnSral, public pro- 
 secutor. 
 
 prodrom/us, a preliminary 
 treatise ; pi. -i. 
 
 producible, not -able. 
 
 pro et contra (Lat), for 
 and against (see also pro 
 and con). 
 
 Prof., professor. 
 
 professoriate, not -orate. 
 
 pro forma (Lat.), as a 
 
 matter of form, not a 
 
 (two words). 
 
 Profs., professors. 
 
 programme, not -am. 
 
 pro bac vice (Lat.), for 
 this occasion,«o^ — hac — . 
 
 projector, not -er. 
 
 prolegomen/a, prelimi- 
 nary remarks ; no sing.j 
 genit. pi. -on. 
 
 proletariat, the poorest 
 class in a community, not 
 -te (not ital.). 
 
 prologize, etc., to deliver 
 a prologue, not -uize. 
 
 prolonge (mil.), a rope. 
 
 prom., promontory. 
 
 promissory note, abbr. 
 p.n. 
 
 pron., pronominal, pro- 
 noun, pronounced, pro- 
 nunciation. 
 
 prononcjS (Fr.), /enu -6e, 
 strongly marked. 
 
 pronoun, abbr. pron. • 
 when relating to Deity, 
 as His, cap. 
 
 pronounc/e, -eable, 
 
 -ement, -ing ; -ed, 
 abbr. pron. 
 
 pronunciamiento (Sp.), 
 a manifesto. 
 
 pronunciation, abbr. 
 pron. 
 
 proof (typ.), a trial im- 
 pression from composed 
 type, taken for correction ; 
 author's — , a clean 
 proof, or one returned 
 with his corrections, abbr. 
 
 301 
 
PROOF 
 
 proof (cont.). 
 
 a.p. ; binding — , some 
 rough edges left on a 
 trimmed book, to show 
 that it has not been cut 
 down excessively ; clean 
 — , one having very few 
 printers' errors ; first — , 
 the "clean" proof, as cor- 
 rected by the compositor, 
 which the author first re- 
 ceives ; foundry — , the 
 final one of plate-printing ; 
 galley or slip — , a 
 proof taken before the 
 matter is made up into 
 pages : usually about i8 
 inches long. By having 
 the first proof in this 
 form, alterations can be 
 effected much more 
 cheaply when the cor- 
 rections are likely to 
 be numerous : it is the 
 usual custom in America ; 
 page — , or — in sheets, 
 those made up into pages ; 
 slip — {see galley above) ; 
 
 — marks {see proof 
 correction marks) ; — 
 paper, that used for 
 taking proofs ; plate — , 
 one taken from a plate ; 
 press — , the final one 
 passed by author, editor, 
 or publisher, for the press ; 
 
 — -reader, one who 
 reads and corrects prin- 
 ters' proofs; reading, 
 
 first read through for 
 literals and misplaced 
 letters, afterwards for 
 sense and style {see also 
 head-lines) ; rough, or 
 reader's first — , one 
 taken without special care. 
 
 proof correction 
 
 marks : — 
 
 cap. change to capital 
 letters those trebly 
 underlined. 
 
 y delete, take out. 
 
 ital. change to italic let- 
 ters those underlined. 
 
 proof correction marks 
 
 {cont.). 
 
 I.e. change to lower-case 
 letters (small, not caps, 
 or s.caps.) those under- 
 lined, 
 n.p., or % begin a new 
 paragraph with the word 
 after the bracket [. 
 
 press, print off. 
 
 Qy., or ?, added by reader 
 to mark something about 
 which he is uncertain. 
 
 revise, submit another 
 proof. 
 
 rom. change to roman 
 lettersthose underlined. 
 
 run on and a line 
 drawn from the last 
 word of the first para- 
 graph to the first word 
 of the second, no new 
 paragraph. 
 
 S.caps. change to small 
 capitals those doubly 
 underlined. 
 
 stet let the cancelled 
 word dotted underneath 
 remain. 
 
 tr/ transpose as marked. 
 
 "W.f. wrong fount, alter. 
 
 X bad letter, substitute 
 good type. 
 
 A the caret mark, insert 
 matter in margin. 
 
 G indent first word. 
 
 :]:[: insert space, or equal- 
 ize spacing. 
 
 L space to be reduced. 
 
 6) a type inverted, turn. 
 
 Q remove space, close up. 
 
 y/ to be put under all 
 apos., quotes, and su- 
 perior letters (as r in 
 M''.) to be added. 
 
 ± a space to be pushed 
 down. 
 
 r move to the left. 
 
 "1 move to the right. 
 
 II make parallel at the 
 sides. 
 
 see stet above. 
 
 = lines to be straightened. 
 
 / a stroke as this to be 
 
 30a 
 
PROOF — PROVEN 
 
 proof correction marks 
 
 (cont.). 
 put after each note in 
 the margin to show 
 that it is concluded, to 
 separate it from others, 
 and to call attention to it. 
 ALL corrections to be 
 made in ink, and atten- 
 tion called to them m 
 the margin, as other- 
 wise they are liable 
 to be overlooked. All 
 punctuation marks, as 
 full stop, etc., to be en- 
 closed in a circle. 
 proofs of engraviDgs : — 
 artist's proof, a first 
 impression after comple- 
 tion ; India proof, one 
 on India paper ; proof 
 before letters, or third 
 state, has no engraved 
 title, but name of artist 
 and engraver in small en- 
 graved letters at right 
 and left corners of plate, 
 usually loo copies ; proof 
 print, an early and supe- 
 rior impression ; remark 
 proof, one of the first 
 50-100 copies, denoted by 
 one or more fanciful de- 
 signs on the margin, or 
 by the absence of certain 
 lines in different parts of 
 the plate ; proof with 
 open letters, an early 
 proof on which the title 
 is engraved in letters 
 that are merely outlined ; 
 second state proof, has 
 engraved signature of en- 
 graver, next in value to 
 remark proof, usually 200 
 copies printed. 
 prop., proposition. 
 pro patria (Lat), for one's 
 
 country. 
 Propatrlapapier (Ger. 
 
 typ. n.), foolscap (cap.). 
 propel/, -led, -ler, -ling, 
 prophecy (noun). 
 prophesy (verb). 
 
 propitiat/e, -or, not -er. 
 
 proposition, abbr. prop. 
 
 propria motu (Lat), of 
 one's own accord. 
 
 pro] rata (Lat.), in pro- 
 portion ; — re nata, as 
 occasion may require, 
 abbr. p.r.n. 
 
 pros., prosody. 
 
 pro salute animx (Lat.), 
 for the good of the soul. 
 
 pros and cons, pi. of pro 
 and con (not ital., no 
 points). 
 
 prosceni/um, pi. -a. 
 
 proselytize, etc., not -ise. 
 
 prosit I (Lat.), your good 
 health ! (used by students 
 and others). 
 
 prospector, not -er. 
 
 prospectus/, pi. -es. 
 
 Prot., Protestant. 
 
 pro tanto (Lat.), to that 
 extent. 
 
 protector, not -er. 
 
 prot6g/6,>w.-6e(notitaI.). 
 
 pro tempore (Lat.), for 
 the time being ; abbr. pro 
 tern,, orp.t 
 
 Protestant/, abbr. Prot. ; 
 -ism (cap.). 
 
 protester, not -or. 
 
 prothonotary, not proto-. 
 
 protomartyr, prototype 
 (one word). 
 
 protozo/on,^/.-a(notital.). 
 
 protractor, drawing in- 
 strument, not -er. 
 
 Proudhon (P. J.), 1809- 
 65, Fr. Socialist. 
 
 Prov., Provence, -yal, Pro- 
 verbs, province. Provost. 
 
 prov., proverbially, pro- 
 vincial, provisional. 
 
 Prov. Batt. (mil.). Pro- 
 visional Battalion. 
 
 prov/e, -able, -ing. 
 
 proven (not) (Scots law), 
 a verdict intermediate 
 between guilty and not 
 guilty, equalling ac- 
 quittal ; but no further 
 trial possible on the same 
 charge. 
 
 303 
 
PROVENANCE — PUEBIiO 
 
 provenance (not ital.). 
 
 proven f ale \k la) (Fr. 
 cook.), with garlic or 
 onions (not cap.). 
 
 Proven/ce, S. Fr. (no 
 cedilla), -9al; abbr.Prov. 
 
 Proverbs, abbr. Prov. 
 
 provinc/e, abbr. Prov. ; 
 -ial, abbr. prov. 
 
 Province of Quebec, 
 abbr. P.Q. 
 
 Provisional Battalion, 
 abbr.P.B.,orProv.Batt. 
 
 proviso/, pi. -s (not ital.). 
 
 Provost/, abbr. Prov. ; — 
 -Marshal (caps., hy- 
 phen). 
 
 prox., see proximo. 
 
 proximej accessit (Lat.), 
 he, or she, came very 
 near (to winning a prize, 
 etc.) ; abbr. prox. ace. ; 
 pi. — accesserunt. 
 
 proximo (Lat.), in, or of, 
 the next month ; abbr. 
 prox., this abbr. not to 
 be printed. 
 
 pr. pr., prseter propter 
 (about, nearly). 
 
 P.R.S.*, President of the 
 Royal Society (London). 
 
 P.R.S.A., President of the 
 Royal Scottish Academy. 
 
 Prschevalsky, use Pije- 
 valski. 
 
 P.R.S.E., President of the 
 Royal Society of Edin- 
 burgh. 
 
 prud'iiomme (Fr. m.), 
 {formerly) good and true 
 man ; (now) expert, um- 
 pire. 
 
 prueba (Sp. typ.), proof. 
 
 prunella (bot.), not -o. 
 
 Pruss., Prussia, -n. 
 
 p.r.v., pour rendre visite (to 
 return a call). 
 
 P.S., permanent secretary, 
 postscriptunt (postscript), 
 Privy Seal, (theat. ) prompt 
 side (two points). 
 
 Ps., Psalm, -s. 
 
 p.s. (mil.), Passed School 
 (of Instruction). 
 
 P.S.A.*, Pleasant Sunday 
 Afternoons. 
 
 Psalm/, -s, abbr. Ps. 
 
 Psalmist (the) (cap.). 
 
 Psalter (the) (cap.). 
 
 p*s and q*s (apos., no 
 points). 
 
 p.s.c. (mil.). Passed Staff 
 College. 
 
 P.S.E., Pleasant Saturday 
 Evenings. 
 
 pseudonym, an assumed 
 name ; abbr. pseud. 
 
 pshaw ! an exclamation, 
 not psha, -h. 
 
 P.S.N.C., Pacific Steam 
 Navigation Company. 
 
 P.SS., postscripta (post- 
 scripts). 
 
 psych., psychic, -al. 
 
 psychol., psychology, -ical. 
 
 P.T., post town, pupil 
 teacher. 
 
 Pt. (geog.). Point, Port. 
 
 Pt, platinum. 
 
 pt., part, payment, pint, -s, 
 (math.) point. 
 
 p.t., pro tempore (for the 
 time being). 
 
 Ptah (Egypt.), creator. 
 
 Pte. (mil.), private. 
 
 pterodactyl, not -le. 
 
 ptg., printing. 
 
 P.T.O., please turn over. 
 
 ptomaines, poisons. 
 
 pub./, public, -an, publish, 
 -ed, -er, -ing; — doc, 
 public document. 
 
 publice (Lat.), publicly. 
 
 public-house (hyphen). 
 
 Public Schools (the 
 great), Eton, Harrow, 
 Rugby, Winchester, 
 
 Westminster, Shrews- 
 bury, Charterhouse, St. 
 Pauls, Merchant Taylors. 
 
 publiS par (Fr.), published 
 by ; abbr. p.p. 
 
 publish/, -ed, -er, -ing, 
 abbr. pub. 
 
 publishers' binding, 
 usually that in cloth. 
 
 Puebla, Mexico. 
 
 Pueblo, Colorado, 
 
 304 
 
PUEBLO — PUNCTUATION" IV 
 
 pueblo (Sp.), a village, 
 any inhabited place* 
 
 puflF-adder (hyphen). 
 
 pufFball» a fungus (one 
 word). 
 
 pugaree, a hat scarf, not 
 the many variations. 
 
 pug-dog (hyphen). 
 
 puinjS (Fr.), /em. -Se, 
 younger, opposed to aine\ 
 senior ; pron. pwe'nfi. 
 
 puisne (law), pron. pu'nd. 
 
 pul/e, to whine ; -ing. 
 
 Puleston, pron, pil'stn. 
 
 piill (typ.), a proof. 
 
 pull a proof (typ.), take an 
 impression. 
 
 PuUein, pron. pull'en* 
 
 pulque, Amer. oeyerage. 
 
 pulsimeter, a pulse mea- 
 surer. 
 
 pulsometer, a pumping 
 engine. 
 
 Pulteney, />ro«. pole'tnd. 
 
 pulverize, not -ise,. 
 
 pummel, use po-. 
 
 pummelo, use pomelo. 
 
 Pumpernickel (Ger. m.), 
 rye bread, also nickname. 
 
 Punchinello, a puppet. 
 
 punctaiim (Lat.), point 
 for point. 
 
 punctilio/, pi. -s. 
 
 punctuation. 
 I. The chief difficulty lies 
 in the use of the comma, 
 semicolon, colon, and 
 period. In general they 
 correspond, in the order 
 named, to shorter or 
 longer pauses as heard in 
 correct speech ; but no ab- 
 solute rules can be given. 
 I. Logic and common 
 sense must be the su- 
 preme guides* 
 
 a. Punctuate so as to 
 show the meaning best. 
 
 3. Omit every point 
 that does not make the 
 meaning clearer. 
 
 4. Points are usually 
 omitted in English legal 
 documents and papers. 
 
 punctuation {cont.), 
 
 5. (typ.) Copy to be fol- ' 
 lowed when so ordered, 
 ll. apostrophe (*) 
 
 1. Is placed to show an 
 omission, as <*e'er" for 
 <'ever", <'it's" for 'Mt 
 is", "tho"' for <' though", 
 "'49" for "1849." But 
 it is not used when the 
 word retains the first and 
 last letters and its original 
 sound, as ''Dr.", "Mr." 
 
 2. The plural of single 
 letters and figures is 
 made by adding '5, as 
 "M.P.'s", "R.A.'s", 
 "p's and q's" ; (typ.) 
 always set these close up. 
 
 3. Is used in Irish names, 
 such as 0'Neil,0'Connor. 
 
 4. It is not used, in 
 place of the single turned 
 comma, in such Scotch 
 names as M'Gregor, etc. 
 {see also possessive 
 case, quotations). 
 
 in tabular work to con- 
 nect two or more 
 lines ; the explanation 
 being central and on the 
 opposite side. The brace 
 should point towards the 
 fewer number of lines, as 
 
 Biology I^Sogy. 
 IV. brackets, [] (typ. 
 crotch, or crotchets), 
 are used to include 
 
 1. Comments, correc- 
 tions, explanations, inter- 
 polations, notes, or trans- 
 lations, not in the original^ 
 but added by subsequent 
 authors, editors, or others, 
 as "I have heard him 
 [Lord Palmerston] say" 
 {see also XX). 
 
 2, They may also con- 
 tain an omitted word, or 
 the correct spelling of a 
 misspelt word. 
 
 305 20 
 
PUNCTUATION IV — VII 
 
 punetuation {cont). 
 
 3. They are largely 
 used in dictionaries, etc. 
 
 4. They should be used 
 with [sic]. 
 
 5. In sentences where 
 [ ] and ( ) both occur, the 
 main digression usually 
 takes [ ], the subordinate 
 ( ), thus : " [here the au- 
 thor contradicts himself 
 (see page 76)]." Avoid 
 
 V. close, heavy, or stiff, 
 punctuation is that 
 characterized especially 
 by the use of many 
 commas : common in the 
 eighteenth century, as : — 
 
 '* He has also informed 
 me, that those, who were 
 the oldest Benchers when 
 he came to the Temple, 
 told him, the first mar- 
 riage settlement of con- 
 siderable length, was the 
 invention of an old Ser- 
 geant." ("Tatler" No. 
 199, 18 July, 1710.) 
 
 VI. colon ( : ) is used 
 
 1. When the preceding 
 part of a sentence is 
 complete in sense and 
 construction, and the 
 following part is some 
 remark naturally arising 
 from it and depending on 
 it in sense, though not in 
 construction, as "Study 
 to acquire the habit of 
 thinking : no habit is more 
 important." *'We are 
 never deceived : we de- 
 ceive ourselves " (Goethe). 
 
 2. In introducing an 
 argument, example, nar- 
 rative, quotation, saying, 
 or speech, as ''Exception 
 may fairly be taken to 
 the sentence in which he 
 says : ' The law ought 
 to forbid it, because it is 
 not permitted by con- 
 science.' " 
 
 punctuation {cont), 
 
 3. It is placed after 
 such words as, as follows : 
 for example : namely : 
 [Shakespeare] says : this 
 maxim : these words : 
 thus: to wit: as *'On the 
 last morning of his life 
 he wrote these words : 
 ' I have named none 
 to their disadvantage.' " 
 And also where some of 
 these words are implied 
 but not expressed, as 
 ''Three nations adopted 
 this law: England, France, 
 and Germany." When 
 the word following com- 
 mences a new paragraph, 
 the colon should be 
 followed by a dash, as 
 "namely: — " 
 
 4. After words marking 
 ' a new stage in an argu- 
 ment, as again : further : 
 to proceed : to resume : 
 to sum up : In these 
 cases the immediately suc- 
 ceeding sentence should 
 begin with a lower-case 
 letter, as "To sum up: 
 if you will conform to 
 these conditions, I will 
 sign the agreement." 
 
 5. On title pages, (A) 
 between the place of 
 publication and the name 
 of the publisher, as 
 " Oxford : At the Claren- 
 don Press"; "Cambridge: 
 At the University Press ' ' ; 
 (B) between the principal 
 and the secondary title, 
 as "The Imperial Dic- 
 tionary of the English 
 Language : a complete 
 encyclopsedic lexicon, 
 literary, scientific, and 
 technological." 
 
 VII. comma ( , ) 
 
 I. Separates and de- 
 fines the adjuncts, clauses, 
 and phrases of a sen- 
 tence. It is to be used 
 
 306 
 
PUWCTTJATION VII — IX 
 
 punctuation {cont). 
 only where it unfolds the 
 sense. In case of doubt 
 omit. 
 
 2. Insert after each 
 . adjective (except the last) 
 
 preceding and qualifying 
 a substantive, as "he was 
 a cautious, eloquent, in- 
 trepid, and wise man." 
 
 (^See also "and** or 
 ", and/* or.) 
 
 3. After the compli- 
 mentary salutation at the 
 beginning of an address, 
 letter, or speech, as My 
 Lord, Dear Sir, Ladies 
 and Gentlemen, 
 
 (In German, the note of 
 exclamation (!) is mostly 
 used in these cases.) 
 
 4. An expression en- 
 closed between two com- 
 mas may usually be re- 
 garded as parenthetical : 
 there would be no break 
 in the continuity, gram- 
 matical connexion, or 
 main sense, if the ex- 
 pression and the two 
 commas were omitted, 
 as ''The Government of 
 Britain, called a mixed 
 government and some- 
 times a limited monarchy, 
 is formed by a combina- 
 tion ", etc. (commasequi- 
 valent to parentheses). 
 " Its effect is produced, 
 not so much by what it 
 expresses, as by what it 
 suggests" (commas not 
 equivalent)^ 
 
 5. It should precede 
 e.g., i.e., etc., and con- 
 clude the following sen- 
 tence, making the whole 
 a parenthesis. 
 
 6. It separates each 
 three consecutive figures 
 from the right when five 
 or more, except in math, 
 work, as 10,135,792 {see 
 also lao of rupees). 
 
 punctuation {cont.). 
 
 7. It should «o/ precede 
 nor follow the dash. 
 
 8. It should not be used 
 after the number of a 
 house in a street (as 51 
 Fleet Street) ; nor after 
 points following such 
 abbreviations as e.g. (un- 
 less the sense requires it). 
 
 (See also "and** or 
 ",and.**) 
 
 VIII. comma (single 
 turned) (*) is used in 
 the abbreviation of the 
 Scotch ''Mac": as in 
 M'Gregor, not the apos- 
 trophe {see also quota- 
 tion marks). 
 
 crotchets, see IV. 
 
 IX. dash (the em) ( — ) is 
 used 
 
 1. Where the con- 
 struction of a sentence is 
 changed or suspended, as 
 *' Heat expands bodies, 
 cold contracts bodies — 
 these are physical truths." 
 "And all this long story- 
 was about — what do you 
 think?" 
 
 2. It separates the 
 heading at the commence- 
 ment of a paragraph, 
 called a side-heading, from 
 the subject-matter follow- 
 
 ing, as 
 
 307 
 
 Extent and 
 Boundaries — On the 
 north, Warwickshire." 
 
 3. It separates the rep- 
 etitions and different 
 amplifications of the same 
 statement, as "Cannot 
 you, in England — cannot 
 you, at this time of day 
 — cannot you, a House 
 of Commons, trust to the 
 principle which has raised 
 so mighty a revenue ? " 
 
 4. Is sometimes used, 
 as a kind of intensified 
 pair of commas or paren- 
 theses, before and after 
 a parenthetical sentence, 
 
 20* 
 
PUNCTUATION IX — XV 
 
 punctuation (cont), 
 as '*The ass of Buridan 
 — held in suspense be- 
 tween the equal attrac- 
 tions of two bundles 
 of hay — is an immortal 
 illustration ", etc. 
 
 5. Is placed after the 
 period which ends a quo- 
 tation, and before the name 
 of its author, as *' One 
 touch of nature makes 
 the whole world kin " — 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 6» In dictionaries, etc., 
 to save space, it may 
 represent the catchword, 
 or some other word. 
 
 7. Represents faltering, 
 hesitating speech, and 
 stammering: as "Well 
 — I don't know — that 
 is — no, I cannot accept 
 it", **y— es", "n— o." 
 
 A series of two or 
 three points is preferred 
 by some for this purpose. 
 
 8. It is not to be preceded 
 or followed by a comma. 
 
 (See also VI, 3.) 
 
 X. dash (the t^vo-em) 
 
 1, Is used where a 
 sentence is interrupted, 
 left unfinished, or ends 
 quite unexpectedly, as 
 " We cannot hope to 
 
 succeed, unless But 
 
 we must succeed." 
 
 2. Denotes the omission 
 of a word or part of a 
 word which it is unde- 
 sirable to print in full, as 
 
 "he called him a ," 
 
 " Mr. Niemand said 
 d " 
 
 (See also XII, XV.) 
 dieeresis, see XV, i. 
 
 XI. doubling of points 
 should be avoided : — 
 
 I. When an abbrevia- 
 tion precedes a colon ; for 
 instance, in the case of viz. , 
 i.e., or e.g., omitthecolon. 
 
 punctuation (cont). 
 
 2. A period may be 
 placed before an apos- 
 trophe, as Co.'s (for 
 Company's), not Co^s. 
 
 XII. en rule (-) is used to 
 specify a period by con- 
 necting the two terminal 
 dates, as 1900-3, not 
 1900-03. [Use as few 
 figures as suffice.] (See 
 also IX, XV.) 
 
 XIII. extracts, to be punc- 
 tuated exactly as in the 
 original (see also quota- 
 tions). 
 
 figures (see VII, 6 ; XXI, 
 
 3, 4)- 
 
 XIV» foot-notes, refer- 
 ences to these to be out' 
 side the point and double 
 apostrophes, if any, as " he 
 made a serious error." * 
 full Stop (see XXI). 
 
 XV. hyphen (-) 
 
 I. When one syllable of 
 a word ends and the next 
 begins with the same let- 
 ter, the hyphen should be 
 placed between them to 
 show that they are to be 
 pronounced separately, 
 as co-operate, pre-emi- 
 nent, re-establish, re- 
 echo, shell-less, sword- 
 dance. Tees-side. With 
 two vowels the hyphen 
 is preferable to the diae- 
 resis. 
 
 2i It joins words and 
 syllables intimately con- 
 nected and open to mis- 
 conception without it, 
 as recover (to regain), 
 re-cover (to cover again), 
 recreation and re-crea- 
 tion, remark and re-mark. 
 
 3. It is used when a 
 prefix is added to a pro- 
 per name, as anti-Dar- 
 winian, pre-Adamite, Pre- 
 Raphaelite. 
 
 4. The use of the hyphen 
 in such phrases as "The 
 
PUNCTUATIOlSr XV — XVII 
 
 punctuation (cont). 
 man was well known in 
 the City", "He was a 
 well-known man in the 
 City ", must be decided by 
 the exact shade of mean- 
 ing required. 
 
 5. Always to be in- 
 serted if the word be 
 more easily recognized, 
 or misinterpretation be 
 possible without it, as 
 "a poor-rate collection ", 
 " a poor rate^collection ", 
 "a pickled herring-mer- 
 chant ", " a pickled-her- 
 ring merchant ". 
 
 6. Where two or more 
 compound words have a 
 common base, this latter 
 may be represented in 
 all but the last by a hy- 
 phen, as "twor, threer, or 
 fourfold ". 
 
 7. Is used to join words 
 that represent a single 
 idea, as "a never- 
 to-be-forgotten event", 
 *' peace-at-any -price prin- 
 ciples", *'a well-to-do 
 family ". 
 
 8. Is used to separate 
 an unpleasing collocation 
 of consonants, as Ross- 
 shire. 
 
 9. (typ.) One should not 
 end last line of page, or 
 last line but one of para- 
 graph, if avoidable. Hy- 
 phens should not occur 
 at the ends of three con- 
 secutive lines. 
 
 (See also compass, 
 division of words, and 
 IX, X, XII). 
 
 XVI. italic (typ.), punctua- 
 tion marks at end of 
 italicized words to be in 
 roman unless evidently 
 belonging to the italics. 
 
 XVII. note of admira- 
 tion, or exclamation (1) 
 
 I. Is put after ex- 
 clamatory words and 
 
 punctuation (cont). 
 phrases, as *'0 Jealousy, 
 thou magnifier of all 
 things ! " interjections ; 
 words or sentences ex- 
 pressing absurdity, com- 
 mand, contempt, strong 
 emotion, enthusiasm, 
 
 irony, a request, sorrow, 
 surprise, a wish, wonder ; 
 and any impressive or 
 striking thought, as "The 
 Angel of Death is abroad 
 in the land : you may 
 almost hear the beating 
 of his wings ! " 
 
 2. It should be placed 
 at the end of the ex- 
 clamatory word or phrase, 
 whether this be at the 
 beginning, middle, or end 
 of the sentence, as "O 
 Dido, Dido, most un- 
 happy Dido ! Unhappy 
 wife, still more unhappy 
 widow ! " 
 
 3. It is placed after 
 sentences which, though 
 apparently interrogative 
 in form, are really exclam- 
 atory, as " How could he 
 have been so foolish ! ", 
 " Does Britannia rule the 
 waves I", <' Shall we never 
 end this lamentable state 
 of things ! " 
 
 4. When a sentence 
 contains more than one 
 independent exclamation, 
 it should be placed after 
 each, as " Look, my 
 Lord ! it comes ! Angels 
 and ministers of grace, 
 defend us ! " 
 
 5. It is added to the 
 names of plants, shrubs, 
 etc., in botanical works 
 to show that they are 
 known from personal 
 observation. 
 
 6. It should follow and 
 not precede quotation 
 marks, when it is not 
 included in the sense of 
 
 309 
 
PUNCTUATION XVII — XIX 
 
 punctuation (cont). 
 the quotation, as — What 
 wretched " copy " ! 
 
 7. It may be placed 
 after the interjection O, 
 or Oh, but noi after the 
 vocative O. 
 
 8. In mathematics it is 
 the factorial sign, as n ! 
 
 9. To indicate greater 
 intensity, double, and even 
 treble, notes may be used. 
 
 10. [ ! ] in brackets, 
 suggests amusement, dis- 
 sent, surprise, or wonder, 
 at the author's views. It 
 is sometimes used to de- 
 note rarity. 
 
 ir. It should noi be 
 followed by aiiy other 
 point, except quotation 
 marks. 
 
 12. In Spanish it is 
 also put (inverted) be/ore 
 an exclamation, as "i Ah, 
 que desgracia ! " 
 XVIII. note of interro- 
 gation (?) 
 
 r. Should follow each 
 and every separate ques- 
 tion, however short, if a 
 separate answer to each 
 be required, as "What is 
 civilization ? Where is it ? 
 In what does it consist ? 
 By what is it excluded ? 
 Where does it commence? 
 Where does it end ? By 
 what sign is it known ? 
 How is it defined? In 
 shortj whatdoesit mean ? " 
 
 2. If the separate ques- 
 tions need but a single 
 answer, it is placed at 
 the end only. 
 
 3. The next word should 
 generally begin with a 
 capital letter. 
 
 4. It is noi used where 
 no answer is required ; 
 when the question is 
 indirect ; where the 
 sentence begins with 
 *' Query " j or when it is 
 
 punctuation (cont). 
 only said that a question 
 was ksked, as "The judge 
 then asked the witness if 
 he believed the man to 
 be guilty." 
 
 5. With quotation marks 
 it must beplaced according 
 to the sense, as " He call- 
 ed out 'Why?' ", "Why 
 did he say * I do not 
 know'?" 
 
 6. [?] in brackets, 
 added to a quotation by 
 editors, expresses doubt 
 or irony. 
 
 7. It should noi be fol- 
 lowed by any other point, 
 except quotation marks. 
 
 8* It may be repeated 
 for emphasis, as ?? 
 
 9. In Spanish it is also 
 put (inverted) be/ore a 
 question, as"iPorque?" 
 
 10. In Greek the semi- 
 colon is put after questions. 
 
 XIX. open or easy punc- 
 tuation, that which 
 avoids all pointing not 
 clearly required by the 
 construction : that now 
 prevailing in the best 
 English usage, as 
 
 "On the whole, while 
 Pope's ' Essay on Criti- 
 cism ' may be readily al- 
 lowed to be superior in 
 execution, as it certainly 
 is in compass, to any 
 work of a similar nature 
 in English poetry, it can 
 hardly be said either to 
 redeem the class of didac- 
 tic poems on aesthetics 
 from the neglect into 
 which they have fallen, 
 or to make us regret that 
 the critical ability of our 
 own day should prefer to 
 follow the path marked 
 out by Dry den when he 
 chose to discourse of 
 poetry in his own vigor- 
 ous and flexible prose." 
 
 3.IO 
 
PUNCTUATION XX — XXI 
 
 punctuation (cont). 
 
 XX.parentheses,() (typ.), 
 enclose 
 
 r. An authority, def- 
 inition, explanation (as 
 in the drama), reference, 
 or translation. 
 
 2. In the report of a 
 speech such interruptions 
 by the audience as ap- 
 plause, exclamations, 
 laughter, remarks, etc. 
 
 3. Interpolations and 
 remarks made by the 
 writer of the text himself 
 {see also brackets IV). 
 
 4. Reference letters or 
 figures that divide and 
 classify statements or 
 arguments, as (i), (a). 
 
 5. In bibliographic ref- 
 erences, place of publica- 
 tion and name of publisher. 
 
 6. In foot-notes, the 
 authority for a quotation. 
 
 7. No stop is needed 
 before or after a mere 
 statement in parentheses 
 which might be omitted 
 without alteringthe mean- 
 ing of the sentence. 
 
 8. When only part of 
 a sentence is within the 
 parentheses, the point to 
 be outside, as (). ; but 
 when the full sentence is 
 parenthetical it should be 
 inside ( .). 
 
 9. When the matter in 
 parentheses ends with an 
 abbreviation, put a point 
 after the abbreviated 
 word, and also outside 
 the closing parenthesis, 
 as (133 1 B.C.). 
 
 10. Where [] and () 
 both occur see IV, 5. 
 
 XXI. period, full point, 
 or full stop ( . ) is used 
 I. At the end of a 
 complete sentence which 
 does not close with a note 
 of exclamation or of inter- 
 rogation. 
 
 punctuation (cont.). 
 
 2. After abbreviations 
 of English or foreign 
 words or phrases, initials, 
 numbering of paragraphs 
 when not in parentheses, 
 roman numerals (except 
 when these refer to page 
 numbers, are capitals, or 
 another stop follows), and 
 abbreviated signatures. 
 
 3. Between figures of 
 pounds, shillings, and 
 pence, as ;^ii. 12s. 6d. : 
 otherwise errors may 
 arise if close-spaced, as 
 ;^iii2s. 6d. It would be 
 much better in every way 
 to follow the former Eng. 
 custom and to place 
 the jC after the figures, as 
 they are read, and as they 
 are written in other lan- 
 guages, or with other 
 measurements, as 5 fr. 
 50 c, I ton 2 cwt., 
 11;^ I2S 6d, when no 
 mistakes could arise, and 
 no points would be needed 
 (see also lac). 
 
 4. Between figures re- 
 presenting hours and min- 
 utes; before the dash in 
 side-headings {see IX, 2) ; 
 and turned before deci- 
 mal figures. 
 
 5. If meaning equally 
 clear it may be omitted 
 from all half-titles, head- 
 lines, running titles, sub- 
 headings, title pages (but 
 see VI, 5). 
 
 6. Three periods (not 
 asterisks) separated by em 
 quads (en in narrow mea- 
 sures) are sufficient to 
 mark omissions in all 
 cases. When the pre- 
 ceding sentence has been 
 brought to a close, four 
 should be used; the first 
 to be close up. 
 
 (See also abbrevia- 
 tions, quotations.) 
 
 311 
 
PUNCTUATION XXII — PYX 
 
 punctuation {cont). 
 XXII. semicolon (; ) 
 
 1. Separates those parts 
 of a sentence between 
 which there is a more 
 distinct break than after 
 a comma, but which are 
 too intimately connected 
 to be made separate 
 sentences, as " Divide 
 and command, a wise 
 maxim ; unite and guide, 
 a better." — Goethe (5^^ 
 also VI, I). 
 
 2. In Greek the semi- 
 colon is equivalent to the 
 English note of interroga- 
 tion (?). 
 
 punctus (Lat.), a point ; pi 
 same. 
 
 pundit/* (Ang.-Ind.), a 
 learned Brahmin, not 
 pan- ; fern. -a« 
 
 Punjab, India, not -aub, 
 Panjab, Penjab. 
 
 Punjabi, Punjab inhabit- 
 ant, or dialect, not -bee. 
 
 punkah (Ang.-Ind.), a 
 large fan, not -a. 
 
 Punkt (Ger. typ. m.), point, 
 dot, a full stop (cap.) ; 
 punktIeren,to point,dot, 
 or punctuate; Punktie- 
 rung {i.), punctuation. 
 
 punteggiatura (It.), punc- 
 tuation. 
 
 punto e virgola (It.), semi- 
 colon, 
 
 pup/a (entom,), //, -89. 
 
 pupilage. 
 
 -pur (Ind.), a city, as Nag- 
 pur, not -pore, -poor, 
 -poore. 
 
 Purcell (Henry), 1658- 
 95, composer. 
 
 Purchas (Samuel), 1577- 
 1626, writer. 
 
 purchasable, not -cable. 
 
 purie] {Fr. f.), a thick soup ; 
 — de poiSf pea soup. 
 
 pur et simple (Fr.), un- 
 qualified. 
 
 purgatory (not cap.). 
 
 Puritan/, -ism (cap.). 
 
 33 
 
 Purkinje (J. E.), 1787- 
 
 1869, physiologist, not -je. 
 Purleigh, Essex. 
 Purley, Berks, Surrey, 
 purlieu/, the surroundings 
 
 of a place ; pL -s. 
 purpose/, -ful, -less, -ly. 
 purr, as a cat, not pur. 
 purslane (hot.), not -lain. 
 P.U.S., Pharmacopoeia of 
 
 the United States. 
 Puseyite. 
 Pushto, Afghan language, 
 
 not -00, -u, pukhtu. 
 put down (typ.), to alter 
 
 from caps, to lower-case. 
 Putnam's (Q. P.) Sons, 
 
 publishers, New York and 
 
 London (apos.). 
 putrefy, not -ify. 
 putresoible, liable to pu- 
 trefy. 
 putt (golf), to play with a 
 
 putter, not put. 
 put up (typ.), to alter from 
 
 lower-case to caps. 
 Puy-de-D6me, d^p. Fr. 
 
 (hyphens, two caps.). 
 p.v., post village, priest 
 
 vicar. 
 P.V.O., Principal Veterin- 
 ary Officer. 
 p.V,t. (Fr.), par vote tele- 
 
 graphique (by telegraph). 
 P.W.D., Public Works De- 
 
 partment. 
 p^vt., pennyweight, use 
 
 dwt. 
 P.X., please exchange, 
 pyaemia, etc., not pye-, 
 pye (typ.), «5^pie. 
 pyebald, use pie-, 
 pygmy, a dwarf, not pi-, 
 pyjamas, not the many 
 
 variations. 
 pyramid, a billiard game, 
 
 not -ids. 
 Pyr6n6es/ (Basses-) ; 
 
 Hautes ; — Orien- 
 
 tales, deps. France. 
 P3rrotech.,pyrotechnics,-al. 
 Pytchley Himt (the); 
 
 proH. pich'le. 
 Pyx (trial of the), not Pix. 
 
P NOTES 
 
 313 
 
P NOTES 
 
 314 
 
QUAINS 
 
 Q 
 
 Q., quart, queen, question, 
 the sixteenth in a series, 
 all proper names with this 
 initial. 
 
 Q (chess), queen (no point). 
 
 q., query, quintal, quire, 
 -s, (naut.) squalls* 
 
 q, (Lat.), quaere (inquire). 
 
 Q.A.B., Queen Anne's 
 Bounty. 
 
 Qaisar-i-Hind (Ang.- 
 Ind.)(the Caesar of India), 
 Indian title of English 
 monarch. 
 
 Q.B.*, Queen's Bench. 
 
 Q.C., Queen's, or Queens', 
 College, — Counsel. 
 
 g.t/.*, quasi dicat (as if one 
 should say), quasi dictum 
 (as if said). 
 
 g.e.*, quod est (which is) J 
 Q.E.D.*, quod erat de- 
 tnonstrandunt (which was 
 to be demonstrated) ; 
 
 Q.E.F.*, faciendum 
 
 (ditto done) ; Q.E.I.*, — 
 — inveniendum (ditto 
 found out). 
 
 Q.H.P., Queen's Honorary 
 Physician. 
 
 9./.*, quantum libet (as much 
 as you please). 
 
 Q.M.*,Quartermaster;qin., 
 ^«owofl?o (by what means) ; 
 Q.Mess., Queen's Mes- 
 senger ; Q.M.G.*, Quar- 
 termaster - General ; 
 Q.M.S., Quartermaster- 
 Serjeant. 
 
 q.pl.*, quantum placet (as 
 much as seems good). 
 
 qq. v., quae, vide (which see : 
 refers to plural). 
 
 qr., quarter, -s (28 lb.), 
 quire, -s. 
 
 Q.S., quarter-sessions. 
 
 q.S.*, quantum sujfficit (a suf- 
 ficient quantity). 
 
 qt.*, quantity, quart, -s, 
 
 qu., question. 
 
 qua (Lat.), in the character 
 of, not -a, -a. 
 
 Quaade, a chess opening. 
 
 quad * (colloq.), quad- 
 rangle ; (typ.) a quadrat, 
 to insert quadrats ; 
 quadded, quadding ; 
 abbr. of quadruple, a 
 printing paper four times 
 the size of the name fol- 
 lowing, as quad crown 
 40 X 30 in. (no point). 
 
 quad., quadrant. 
 
 Quadragesima*, firstSun- 
 day in Lent. 
 
 quadrat* (typ.), a piece of 
 metal lower than type, 
 used for spacing; usual 
 sizes en, em, 2, 3, and 
 4 ems ; abbr. quad (no 
 point). 
 
 quadrenn/ium*, a period 
 of four years; -ial*, not 
 quadrie-. 
 
 quadruple (paper), abbr. 
 quad (no point) which 
 see. 
 
 quaere* (Lat.), inquire ; 
 abbr. q, 
 
 quaeritur (Lat.), it is asked. 
 
 quassii]um* (Lat.), some- 
 thing sought ; pi. -a*. 
 
 quasstioj vexatja (Lat.), 
 an unsolved problem, pi, 
 -nes -as, 
 
 qusBstor *, Rom. antiq. 
 (see also que-). 
 
 quas vide (Lat.), which see : 
 refers to pi. ; abbr. qq. v, 
 
 quai (Fr. m.), quay, rail- 
 way platform. 
 
 quaich*, Scots drinking 
 vessel, not -gh. 
 
 Quai d'Orsay, Paris, the 
 Fr. " Downing Street." 
 
 Quains, Norw. for Pinns. 
 
 315 
 
QUALE — QUEEN'S 
 
 quale* (Lat.), the quality 
 of a thing. 
 
 quamlprImum(Lat.),with' 
 out delay ; — proxime, 
 as nearly as possible. 
 
 quand meme (Fr.), not- 
 withstanding. 
 
 quantitS nSgligeable 
 (Fr. f.), insignificant item. 
 
 quantity, abbr. qt.* 
 
 quantjum* (Lat.), a con- 
 crete quantity, pi, -a*; 
 quantum! lihet, as much 
 as you please, abbr. q.L*; 
 — meruit, as much as he, 
 orshe, deserved ; — p/a- 
 cet, as much as seems 
 good, abbr.g.p/. * ; — suf- 
 ficlt*, as much as suffices, 
 abbr. q.s,, or quant, 
 SUff. * ; — valeatf what- 
 ever it may be worth ; — 
 valebat, as much as it was 
 worth ; — vis, as much 
 as you will, abbr. q.v,* 
 
 Qu'Appelle (Bp. of). 
 
 quarl*, a large brick, not 
 -le. 
 
 quarrel/*, -led*, -ler* 
 (mo/ -lor), -ling*, -some*. 
 
 quart/, -s, abbr. Q., or qt.* 
 
 quart/, -e (fencing), use 
 carte*. 
 
 quart., quarterly. 
 
 Quart (Ger. n.), quarto 
 (cap.). 
 
 quarter/, -s, abbr. qr.* 
 
 quarter-binding*, the 
 back only of leather. 
 
 quarter/ -day *, deck* 
 
 (hyphens). 
 
 Quartermaster/ * (one 
 word), abbr. Q.M.* ; — 
 -General*, abbr. 
 
 Q.M.a.* ; — -Seijeant, 
 abbr. Q.M.S. (hyphen, 
 caps.). 
 
 quarter-plate* (photog.), 
 
 4V4 X 3V4 in- 
 quarter - sessions* (not 
 
 caps., hyphen); abbr.Q.S. 
 quartet*, «o/ -ette, -etto. 
 quartierj (Fr. cook, m,), 
 
 quarter ; — d'agneau, — 
 
 of lamb ; (mil.) quartier- 
 gSnSral, head-quarters. 
 
 quarto/ *, a size of book in 
 which the leaf is one- 
 fourth of a given size of 
 paper ; pi. -a, abbr. 4to 
 (no point) (for sizes see 
 books, paper). 
 
 quas (Russ.), rye beer, 
 use kvass*, 
 
 quasi*, in a certain sense 
 (not ital.) ; abbr. q,* 
 
 quasij dicat (Lat.), as if 
 one should say, abbr. 
 q.d,* ; — dictum, as if 
 said, abbr. q.d,*; — <//a'- 
 issetf as if he had said. 
 
 Quasimodo, first Sunday 
 after Easter (one word, 
 cap.). 
 
 quass (Russ.), rye beer, 
 use Icvass*. 
 
 quater-cousin, use ca- 
 ter- *. 
 
 Quatre-Bras (battle of), 
 1815. 
 
 quatrefoil*, an ornament, 
 Hoi quater-, quarter-. 
 
 Quattrocento *, the early 
 Renaissance period of art, 
 from 140 1 -1500. 
 
 quay*, not key. 
 
 Que., Quebec. 
 
 queen, abbr. Q. ; (chess, no 
 point). 
 
 Queen Anne's Bounty* 
 (apos.) ; abbr. Q.A.B. 
 
 Queenborough, Sheer- 
 ness {see also Queens-). 
 
 queen note, a writing 
 
 paper s'/gx 372 Jn- 
 Queenaberry (Marquess 
 
 of). 
 Qusensborough, Drog- 
 
 heda {see also Queenb-). 
 Queensbury, Bradford. 
 Queen's College, Oxford, 
 
 London, Belfast, Cork, 
 
 Galway (named after one 
 
 queen). 
 Queens* College, Camb. 
 
 (named after two queens). 
 Queen's Counsel, abbr. 
 
 Q.C.* 
 
 316 
 
QUEENT'S — QUI 
 
 Queen's County, Ireland. 
 
 Queen's Ferry, Flint. 
 
 Queensferry, Fife, Lin- 
 lithgow. 
 
 Queensl., Queensland. 
 
 Que faire? (Fr.), What is 
 to be done ? 
 
 Quelle affaire! (Fr. f.), 
 What a to-do ! 
 
 quelque chose (Fr. m.), 
 something, a trifle* 
 
 Quel temps] fait'll? (Fr.), 
 What is the weather like ? 
 it fait I What wea- 
 ther this is ! 
 
 quenelle* (Fr. cook* f.), 
 a force-meat ball. 
 
 " Quentin Durward,** by 
 Sir W. Scott, 1823* 
 
 query*, abbr. q., qy.*, or ? 
 
 Quesnay (Fran9ois), 
 1694-1774^ Fr. econ. 
 
 question, abbr. Q., or qu. 
 
 questor*, R.C.C., or Fr. 
 Assembly {see also quas-). 
 
 Quetelet (L. A. J.), 1796- 
 1874, Belgian math. 
 
 Quetta, Baluchistan. 
 
 queue*, persons in line, 
 not cue. 
 
 queuej* (Fr. f.), tail ; — de 
 bceuf, ox-tail ; faire — , 
 to stand in a row. 
 
 Q.n.1., Queen's University 
 of Ireland. 
 
 quick/lime *, ^sand *, 
 -set*, -silver* (one 
 word). 
 
 quid* (Lat.), that which a 
 thing is. 
 
 quidatn *, an unknown per- 
 son, ph same j quid faci- 
 endum? what is to be 
 done? quidnunc*, a 
 gossip ; quid pro quo*, 
 something in return, an 
 equivalent. 
 
 ^ Qul6n sabe ? (Sp.), Who 
 knows? (turned interrog. 
 before, unturned after.) 
 
 quiet/*, -ed*, -ing*, not 
 -ening. 
 
 quietus *, a settlement (not 
 ital.). 
 
 Quiller-Couch (A. T.), 
 1863-, writer (hyphen). 
 
 Qu*importe ? (Fr.), What 
 does it matter? Que 
 nfimporte ? What is 
 that to me ? 
 
 quincentenary*, five- 
 hundredth anniversary 
 (one word). 
 
 quincunx/ *, five arranged 
 as on dice ; pi. -es. 
 
 Quinet (Edgar), 1803-75, 
 Fr. writer. 
 
 quinine*, not -in, pron. 
 kwin'en. 
 
 Quinquagesima*, the 
 Sunday before Lent. 
 
 quinquenni/um*, a five- 
 year period ; pi. -a*. 
 
 quinsy*, tonsillitis, not -cy, 
 -sey, -zy, 
 
 quintlal* (Fr.m.), 100 kilos, 
 aao^a lb., 1*968 cwt., not 
 kentle, kintal ; //. -aux, 
 abbr. q. 
 
 quintet* (mus.), not -ette. 
 
 ga/p/t>gi/o( Fr.m. ),mistake. 
 
 gilipu* (Peru), thelanguage 
 of knotted cords, not -po, 
 -ppo, -ppu. 
 
 quire*, part of a church, 
 or church singers, use 
 choir*; — (typ.), the 
 twentieth part of a ream : 
 24 sheets and one ** out- 
 side " making 25 ; abbr. 
 5. and pi. q. A set of 
 all the sheets required to 
 make one complete book ; 
 quired paper, reams 
 folded in quires, not flat ; 
 quires (typ.), books in 
 sheets are said to be ''in 
 quires." 
 
 Qui s'excuse s'accuse 
 (Fr.), to excuse oneself 
 is to accuse oneself. 
 
 quisque (Lat.), every one. 
 
 quit/*, -ted, -ter* {not 
 -tor), -ting*. 
 
 Qui va Ik? (Fr.), Who 
 goes there ? 
 
 qui viva* (on the), on 
 the alert (not ital.). 
 
 317 
 
or THE ^ 
 
 UNIVERSITY ] 
 QUIXOTIC — QYV rx °'' J 
 
 fu 
 
 quixotic* (not cap.). 
 
 quiz/*, -zed, -zer*, 
 -zing *. 
 
 quoad I * (Lat.), as far as ; — 
 hoc*, to this extent; — 
 sacra*, as far as sacred 
 matters ; — ultra, as re- 
 gards the past. 
 
 quod erai demonstran- 
 dum , etc., see Q.E.D. 
 
 quod est (Lat.), which is ; 
 abbr. q.e. 
 
 quodIibet*{mus.),a.med\ey. 
 
 quod vide (Lat.), which 
 see (sing.) ; abbr. q.V. 
 
 quoique (Fr.), although. 
 
 quoi que (Fr.), whatever. 
 
 quoits*, a game, not coits. 
 
 quomodo* (Lat.), by what 
 means ; abbr. qm. 
 
 quondam*, former (not 
 ital.). 
 
 quorum/ *,/»/. -s (not ital.). 
 ■ quota/*, a share ; />/. -S. 
 
 quotation marks (typ.), 
 in English, two turned 
 commas at the beginning 
 and two apostrophes at 
 the end ; abbr. quotes. 
 The apostrophes at the 
 end of the quotation 
 should come before all 
 punctuation marks, when 
 these form no part of the 
 quotation itself. Quotes 
 are to be used when citing 
 Titles of Articles in 
 magazines, Books, Chap- 
 ters of books. Essays, 
 Magazines, Newspapers, 
 Oratorios, Periodicals, 
 Pictures, Plays, Poems, 
 Reviews, Sculptures, 
 
 Songs, and Ships ; and for 
 the iVaw<?s of Hotels, Inns, 
 and Taverns, where these 
 words are not in the 
 title. 
 
 They are not to be 
 used for the titles of the 
 books of the Bible ; where 
 the substance only of an 
 extractis given; or where 
 the. tense or person has 
 
 318 
 
 beeir "altered (see also 
 authorities, punctua- 
 tion, XIV). 
 
 quotations, all extracts in 
 the exact words of the 
 original, if set in the text 
 type, to have double 
 turned commas at the 
 commencement, and at the 
 beginning of each para- 
 graph {not each line) ; 
 and double apostrophes 
 at the end of the quota- 
 tion only. The first turned 
 commas usually to be pre- 
 ceded by a colon. 
 
 If the extract be set 
 in two sizes less than the 
 text type (it should not 
 be smaller) quotation 
 marks are not required, 
 except in conversational 
 matter. A full blank line 
 both before and after adds 
 importance and em- 
 phasis. 
 
 Punctuation of the ex- 
 tract to be exactly as in 
 the original. The con- 
 cluding point to be out- 
 side the last quotation 
 mark, if not in the original 
 {see also ellipsis). 
 
 quotations within quo- 
 tations to have single 
 q uotation marks o n ly with- 
 in the double. " The more 
 conspicuous mark to the 
 more inclusive quotation" 
 (Henry Bradley). Quota- 
 tions within the single 
 quotation, to be double- 
 quoted. 
 
 quote (typ.), to enclose 
 within quotation marks. 
 
 quotes (typ.), quotation 
 marks. 
 
 gaoi/sg£/e(Lat.),howlong? 
 
 Qur&n, use Koran*. 
 
 q.V., quantum vis (as much 
 as you will), quod vide 
 (which see : refers to 
 sing.). 
 
 qy.*, query. 
 
Q NOTES 
 
 319 
 
Q NOTES 
 
 320 
 
B. — eafeaIchissements 
 
 R 
 
 R., Rabbi, Radical, radius 
 (of a circle), railway, 
 recto, rector, republican, 
 river, rouble, Royal, all 
 proper names with this 
 initial, the seventeenth in 
 a series, (Lat.) regina 
 (queen), respuhlica (com- 
 monwealth), rex (king), 
 (naut.) run (deserted), 
 (theat.) right, (thermom.) 
 Reaumur, (typ.) runic. 
 
 R (chess), rook (no point). 
 
 r., rare, residence, resides, 
 rises, rod, (naut.) rain. 
 
 r (math.), radius vector of 
 co-ordinates. 
 
 2£t (magnet.), reluctance. 
 
 p(Gr.) (math.), radius of cur- 
 vature. 
 
 "K", rupee (no point). 
 
 R., recipe (take). 
 
 ^ *, response (to a versicle). 
 
 B.° (math.), radius of a circle 
 in degrees of arc ; B,', ditto 
 in minutes of arc ; R", 
 ditto in seconds of arc. 
 
 R.A., Rear-Admiral, Ref- 
 erees' Association, Royal 
 Academy, — -ician, — 
 Artillery, (astr.) right as- 
 cension. 
 
 R.A.A., Royal Academy 
 of Arts. 
 
 rabat (Fr. dress, m.), 
 '' bands " of a priest, etc. 
 
 Rabb., rabbinical. 
 
 rabbet/*, joint in wood- 
 work ; -ed*, -ing* {see 
 also rabbit, rebate). 
 
 Rabbi/*, Jewish title of 
 respect ; pi. -a *, abbr. R. 
 (cap.). 
 
 rabbit/*, a rodent ; -er*, 
 -ing * ; warren (hy- 
 phen) (see also rabbet, 
 rebate). 
 
 rabdomancy, «5^rhab-*. 
 
 Rabelais (Fran9ois), 
 1483-1553, Fr. writer. 
 
 rabscallion, use rap-*. 
 
 raccoon, use racoon*. 
 
 rac/e*, -y*. 
 
 race/- course *, horse * 
 
 (hyphens). 
 
 rach/is* (bot., zool.), pi. 
 -ides *, not rh-. 
 
 rack, a seaweed, use wr-*. 
 
 racket/ *, nof racquet ; -y *. 
 
 raconteur* (not ital.). 
 
 racoon*, no^racc-. 
 
 racquet, use racket*. 
 
 rad., radix (root). 
 
 Radcliffe (Ann), 1764- 
 1823, writer ; — (John), 
 1650-17 14, physician ; — 
 College, Mass., U.S.A. ; 
 — Camera, Infirmary, 
 Library, and Observ- 
 atory, Oxford ; — Cooke 
 (C.W.), M.P., writer 
 {see also Rat-). 
 
 radian/*, unit of angular 
 measurement; pi. -s, 
 
 radiator*, nof -er. 
 
 Radical, abbr. R. 
 
 radical* (chem.), not -de. 
 
 radicle* (botany). 
 
 radiography *, rontgen- 
 ray photography. 
 
 rad/ius*, abbr.R., pi. -ii*. 
 
 radjfius vect/or, pi. -ii, 
 -ores. 
 
 rad/ix*, a root, pi. -ices* ; 
 abbr. rad. 
 
 Rae (John), 1813-93, 
 Arctic traveller ; — 
 (W.Fraser), 1835-1905, 
 writer; pron. ray {see also 
 Ray, Reay). 
 
 Raebum (Sir Henry), 
 1756-1823, painter. 
 
 Rafleison Credit Banks. 
 
 rafraicbissements (Fr. 
 m. pi.), cooling drinkS| 
 fruit, etc 
 
 331 
 
 21 
 
RAa — R.A.O.B. 
 
 rag/*, -ged*, -ging*. 
 
 II.A.G.C., Royal and An- 
 tient Golf Club, St. 
 Andrews. 
 
 ragout *, a rich meat stew; 
 in Fr. m. -ut, 
 
 Rai Bareli, Oudh, not 
 Ray Bareilly. 
 
 rale (Fr. f.), skate (fish). 
 
 raifort (Fr. m.), horse- 
 radish. 
 
 Baikes (Robert), 1735- 
 181 1, originator of Sunday 
 schools. 
 
 rail/road*, -way* (one 
 word) ; abbr. R. 
 
 rain/*, abbr. r. ; -bow* 
 (one word). 
 
 Raincliffe (Viscount). 
 
 rain/drop*, -fall* (one 
 word) ; -water* (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 ralsonj de plus (Fr.), 
 all the more reason ; — 
 d*Etatf a reason of State ; 
 — d'etre* J a cause of 
 existence. 
 
 raisonnji* {Fr.),/em. -ie, 
 reasoned out ; cata- 
 logue — *, explanatory 
 catalogue (ital.). 
 
 Rajah*, Indian title, tnore 
 correctly Raja*. 
 
 Rajon (P. A.), 1842-88, 
 engraver. 
 
 Rajpoot/*, -ana, not -put. 
 
 Rajshahi, Bengal, not 
 Rajeshaye. 
 
 rMlej*, lung sound ; pi. -s. 
 
 Ralegh (Sir "Walter), 
 1552-1618 ; -eigh usual 
 buterron. (D.N.B.). 
 
 Raleigh (Cecil), dram- 
 atist ;— (Prof. Walter), 
 writer ; pron. raw'lie, or 
 ral'6 {see also Ray- 
 leigh). 
 
 Ralfs (John), 1807-90, 
 
 botanist. 
 Ralph, usual pron. raf. 
 'R.A.M., Royal Academy 
 of Music (London). 
 
 ram/*, -med*, -ming*. 
 
 Ramadan* (Past of), 
 
 also ninth Mohammedan 
 month, not -dhan, -zan. 
 
 Rambpuillet, dep. Seine- 
 
 et-Oise. 
 R.A.M.C., Royal Army 
 Medical Corps. 
 
 ramchuddar, Ind. shawl. 
 
 ratne (Fr. typ. f.), ream. 
 
 ramekin*, a cheese-cake, 
 not -quin. 
 
 ramier (Fr. m.), wood- 
 pigeon. 
 
 Ramillies (battle of), 
 1706. 
 
 Rampur, Central India. 
 
 Ramsay (Allan), 1686- 
 1758, Scots poet ; ditto, 
 1713-84, painter; — 
 (E. B., Dean), 1793- 
 187a ; — (Sir William), 
 1 852-, chemist. 
 
 Ramsey,Hunts,and I.O.M. 
 
 ram/us* (Lat.), a branch; 
 pi. -i*. 
 
 ranch* (U.S.A.), a farm, 
 not -che. 
 
 rancherjo* (Sp.), /em. -a, 
 a small farmer. 
 
 ran/cour, but -corous. 
 
 Rand] (Ger. typ. m.), the 
 margin ; — bemerkUttg 
 (f.), marginal note (cap.). 
 
 Randolph-Macon Col- 
 lege, Virginia. 
 
 Randvermerk (Ger. m.), 
 marginal note, also Mar' 
 glnalie. 
 
 ranee*, Indian queen, not 
 -i, -y, -ny, rannee. 
 
 Rangoon, not -un. 
 
 Ranjit Singh, 1780-1839, 
 founder of Sikh kingdom. 
 
 Ranjitsinhji (Kumar 
 Shri), 1872-, cricketer. 
 
 Ranke (L. von), 1795- 
 1886, Ger. historian. 
 
 ranks, see compound 
 ranks. 
 
 rann/ee, -y, use ranee*. 
 
 ranunculus/*, pi. -es*. 
 
 ranz-des- vacbes *, Swiss 
 melody. 
 
 R.A.O.B., Royal Ante- 
 diluvian Orderof Bufialoes. 
 
 32a 
 
BAP — RE- 
 
 rap/*, -ped*, -ping*. 
 Baphael/*, 1483-1520, 
 
 painter ; in Italian 
 
 Raffaello*; -esque*. 
 raph/ides* (bot., zool.), 
 
 sing. -is*. 
 Bappahannook, river, 
 
 Virginia. 
 rappee*, a coarse snufif. 
 rapport {en)* (Fr. m.), in 
 
 harmony, in keeping 
 
 (with). 
 rapprochement* (Fr. m.), 
 
 a coming together. 
 rapscallion*, notvah-, 
 rarfa avjis (Lat.), a 
 
 prodigy ; pi. -as -es, 
 rare, abbr. r. 
 rarefaction*, not -efica- 
 
 tion. 
 rarefy*, not rari-. 
 Barey (John S.), 1828- 
 
 66, horse-tamer. 
 rarifaction, use rare- *. 
 rarity, use rare-*, 
 rarity*, not -ety. 
 B.A.S., Royal Agricultural, 
 
 Asiatic, or Astronomical 
 
 Society. 
 Basalas (astr.), star in 
 
 Leonis. 
 rase, to destroy, «5^raze*. 
 BasoumowskyQuartets 
 
 (the), by Beethoven. 
 "Basselas," by S. John- 
 son, 1759. 
 rat/*, -ting*, 
 rate (Lat.), individual share; 
 
 pro — , in proportion, 
 rat/able, use -eable *. 
 ratafia*, a cordial, cake, 
 
 or cherry, not -ifia, -ifie, 
 ratan, use rattan*, 
 ratany (bot.), «s^rh-*. 
 BatclifF Highway, not 
 
 -e, now St. George Street 
 
 {see also Bad-), 
 rateable*, «o/ ratable. 
 rate-payer* (hyphen). 
 Ratbaus (Ger. n.), town- 
 hall (cap., one h), 
 ratio *, pi. -s. 
 rationale* a theoretical 
 
 explanation (not ital.). 
 
 rationalize*, «o/-ise. 
 
 ratline* (naut.), the lad- 
 der-rope on the shrouds, 
 not -in, -ing. 
 
 Batnagiri, Bombay, not 
 Rutnagherry. 
 
 rattan*, a cane, not ratan. 
 
 ratten*, to molest. 
 
 rattlesnake * (one word). 
 
 Baumer (F. L. G. von), 
 1 781-1873, Ger. historian ; 
 — (B. von), 1815-76, 
 philologist {see also 
 B6auniur). 
 
 ravel/*, -led*, -ling*. 
 
 Bawal Pindi, Punjab, 
 not Rawul — . 
 
 Bay (John), 1627-1705, 
 naturalist, spelt Wray till 
 1670(5^^ a/50 Bae,Beay). 
 
 Bayleigh (Baron), 1842-, 
 physicist ; pron. ray'16 
 {see also Baleigh). 
 
 raze *, to destroy, not rase. 
 
 B.B., Rifle Brigade ; Bb, 
 rubidium ; B.B.A., 
 
 Royal (Society of) British 
 Artists. 
 
 B.C. 
 
 Roman Catholic ; 
 
 r.-c. , right centre; 
 B.C.C., Roman Catholic 
 Church; B.C.M., Royal 
 College of Music (Lon- 
 don) ; B.C.O., ditto Or- 
 ganists ; B.C.P., ditto 
 Physicians, ditto Precep- 
 tors ; B.C.S., ditto Sur- 
 geons ; B.C.V.S., ditto 
 Veterinary Surgeons. 
 
 B.D., Royal Dragoons, 
 Rural Dean ; Bd., road. 
 
 B.D.Y., Royal Dockyard. 
 
 Re {il) (It.), the King (no 
 accent). 
 
 B.S., Reformed Episcopal, 
 Right Excellent, Royal 
 Engineers, — Exchange, 
 — Society of Painter* 
 Etchers and Engravers ; 
 re (Lat.), with regard to. 
 
 re- (the prefix), when fol- 
 lowed by e and separately 
 sounded to have hyphen, 
 as re-echo. 
 \ 21* 
 
REACT — BECIiUS 
 
 react*, etc. (one word). 
 
 Bead (Sir W. V.), 1839- 
 (see also Heade, Rede, 
 Reed, Reid). 
 
 readdress* (one word). 
 
 Reade(C}iarles), 1814-84, 
 writer ; — (Rev. Comp- 
 ton), 1834-, writer ; — 
 
 . (Sir G. C), 1845- {see 
 also Read, Rede, Reed, 
 Reid). 
 
 reader* (typ.), a corrector 
 of the press, a copy- 
 holder, also one who 
 reports on MSS. to a pub- 
 lisher (I.e.). A university 
 teacher or lecturer (cap.). 
 
 readers* marks, see proof 
 correction marks. 
 
 reading for press (typ.), 
 the final reading before 
 printing. 
 
 reading-room (hyphen). 
 
 readjourn*, readjust*, 
 re admission*, read- 
 m.it/*, -ted*, -ting* 
 (one word). 
 
 ready-made* (hyphen). 
 
 reafForest*, reagent* 
 (one word). 
 
 real, Port, coin ; pL reis. 
 
 real] *, Sp. coin ; pi. -es. 
 
 realiz/e*, -able*, «o^ -ise. 
 
 ream of paper, 20 quires, 
 or 480 sheets ; abbr. rm. ; 
 •* perfect " ream of 
 printingpaper, 5i6sheets; 
 ream of envelope 
 paper, 504 sheets ; "in- 
 sides,'* whether good or 
 retree, 480 sheets ; 
 ** mill ** ream, 480 
 sheets, 18 "good" quires, 
 and 2 quires ''outsides" ; 
 " news ** ream, 500 
 sheets ; printers* 
 
 ream*, 516 sheets. 
 
 reanimate *, reappear *, 
 reappoint* (one word). 
 
 Rear- Admiral*, abbr. 
 R.A. (hyphen, caps.). 
 
 rear-guard* (hyphen). 
 
 rearm* (one word). 
 
 re-arrange* (hyphen). 
 
 rearward*, not rere-. 
 reassemble*, reassert/*, 
 
 -ed, >ing * (one word). 
 reassure* (one word). 
 R6aumur (R. A. F. de), 
 1683-1757, inventor of 
 thermom. scale ; the scale 
 itself, abbr.R.,orR6aum. 
 {see also Raumer). 
 reaver *, a robber, not rei-. 
 reawake*, etc. (oneword). 
 Reay (Baron) ; — 
 (Samuel), 1828-, com- 
 poser ; pron. ray {see also 
 Rae, Ray), 
 rebaptize*, not -ise (one 
 
 word). 
 rebate*, to reduce, a re- 
 duction, also a hard free- 
 stone {see also rabbet), 
 rebel/*, -led*, -ling*, 
 rebound*, to bound back 
 
 (one word). 
 re-bound (bookbinding) 
 
 (hyphen), 
 rebus/ *, a puzzle ; pL -es. 
 rebut/*, -ted, -ting*. 
 rec, receipt, recipe, re 
 
 cord, -ed, -er. 
 recall*, in Scots lawrecal 
 R6camier (Madame) 
 1777-1849, leader of Fr. 
 Society, 
 recast* (one word). 
 reed., received. 
 receipt, abbr. rec. 
 receivable *, not -eable. 
 r6chauff'6 *, re- warmed 
 
 meat (not ital.). 
 recherche{¥v. f.), research. 
 recherch/6* (adj.), fem, 
 
 -6e, choice (not ital.). 
 recidivist*, one who habi- 
 tually relapses into crime, 
 recipe/ *, pi. -s, abbr. rec. ; 
 
 — mark (typ.), ^. 
 rSclawe* (Fr. f.), notori- 
 ety by advertisement ; 
 (journ.) editorial an- 
 nouncement; (typ.) catch- 
 word, prima. 
 Redus (J. J. E.), 1830- 
 1905, Fr. geographer, not 
 R6-. 
 
 334 
 
BECOAIi — REF. 
 
 recoal* (one word). 
 
 recognize*, wo/-ise. 
 
 recommit/*, -ted, -ting. 
 
 recompense* (n. and v.), 
 not -ce. 
 
 recomi)ose* (one word). 
 
 reconcilable*, not -cable. 
 
 reconciler*, not -or. 
 
 reconnaissance *, not 
 reconnoi- (not ital.). 
 
 reconnoitre*, not -er. 
 
 reconsider* (one word). 
 
 recoup *, to recompense. 
 
 re-cover*, to cover again 
 (hyphen). 
 
 re-creat/e *, to create again; 
 -or, not -er (hyphen). 
 
 rect., rectified. 
 
 rectif/y *, -ied *, -ier *, 
 
 . -ying*. 
 
 recto* (typ.), the right- 
 hand page of an open 
 book, usually having the 
 odd page numbers ; re- 
 ferred to in bibliography 
 as* (superior letter) ; abbr. 
 R., orro(not ital.). 
 
 rector, abbr. R. 
 
 rect/um * (anat.), pL -a. 
 
 rect/us* (anat.), pi, -1*. 
 
 refU (Fr. m.), a receipt. 
 
 recueil* (Fr. m.), a literary 
 . compilation. 
 
 reculer pour mieux 
 sauter (Fr.), to wait for 
 a better opportunity. 
 
 recur/*, -red*, -ring*. 
 
 recut*, to cut again (one 
 word). 
 
 rSdactfeur* (Fr.), editor; 
 fern. -rice. 
 
 redaction (Fr. f.), editing, 
 editorial department. 
 
 Redalcteur(Ger.m.), editor 
 (cap.). 
 
 Bedboum, St Albans. 
 
 Kedboume, Lines. 
 
 redbreast* (robin), the 
 bird (two words). 
 
 redecorate* (one word). 
 
 ilede Lecture, Camb. 
 Univ. (see also Head, 
 Reade, Reed, Reid). 
 
 redeliver* (one word). 
 
 redemand* (one word). 
 
 Redemptionists*, an or- 
 der of monks devoted to 
 the redemption of Chris- 
 tian captives from slavery. 
 
 Redemptorists*, Liguor- 
 ians. 
 
 ««Redgauntlet," by Sir W. 
 Scott, 1824 (one word). 
 
 red-hot* (hyphen). 
 
 red lead* (two words). 
 
 red-letter day* (one hy- 
 phen). 
 
 redoubt* (fort.), not -out, 
 
 redoubtable*. 
 
 redress*, to dress again 
 (one word). 
 
 red-tap/e*, -ism*, -ist* 
 (hyphen). 
 
 reducible*, not -eable. 
 
 reductio ad] absurdum 
 (LaL), an obviously ab- 
 surd conclusion ; — — 
 impossibile, an im- 
 possible conclusion. 
 
 red- water*, cattle disease 
 (hyphen). 
 
 re-dye*, to dye again (hy- 
 phen), 
 
 re-echo (hyphen). 
 
 Reed (Alfred German), 
 1847-95, actor; — (Sir 
 Andrew), 1837- ; — (Sir 
 Charles) & Sons, type- 
 founders, London ; — (Sir 
 E. J.), 1830-, naval de- 
 signer ; — (E. T.), i860-, 
 *' Punch" artist; — 
 (Talbot Baines), 185a- 
 93, writer of boys' books 
 {see also Read, Reade, 
 Rede, Reid). 
 
 Reekie (Auld), Old 
 Smoky, that is Edinburgh. 
 
 re/-elect* -embark* {not 
 reim-), -enact *, -en- 
 jforce* (to enforce again), 
 -enslave*, -enter*, -en- 
 throne *, -establish *, 
 -exchange*, -exhibit* 
 
 . (hyphens). 
 
 Ref., the Reformation. 
 
 ref., referee, referred, refer- 
 ence, reformed, -er. .: 
 
 095 
 
REFAIT — BEICHSTAa 
 
 re fait (Fr. m.), a drawn 
 game ; new horns or 
 antlers. 
 
 Ref.Ch., Reformed Church. 
 
 referl *, -able *, -rer *, 
 -ring*. 
 
 refer/ee, -red, -ence, abbr. 
 ref. 
 
 reference marks (typ.), 
 signs used to direct the 
 reader from the text to a 
 note. They are used in 
 the following order * f % 
 § II IT, and then repeated 
 in duplicate as** etc. {see 
 also foot-notes). 
 
 referend/um*, the right of 
 the people to decide on 
 certain laws, etc. ; pi. -a. 
 
 refer/rible, use -able *. 
 
 refill * (one word). 
 
 refit/*, -ted, -ting *. 
 
 refi., reflection, -ive, -ively, 
 reflex, -ive, -ively. 
 
 refleotible *, not -able. 
 
 reflector *, not -er. 
 
 reflection*, woZ-xion, abbr. 
 refl. ; in Fr. f.rS flexion. 
 
 Reformation (the) (cap.) ; 
 abbr. Ref. 
 
 Reform Bills, 1832, 1867, 
 1884-5. 
 
 reform/ed, -er, abbr. ref. 
 
 refractor *, a telescope. 
 
 refrangible *. 
 
 Reg., Regent, regina 
 (queen). 
 
 reg., register, -trar, -try, 
 regular, -ly. 
 
 regalia, is plural. 
 
 regd., registered. 
 
 regenerator *. 
 
 Regent, abbr. Reg. 
 
 Regent's Park, London 
 (apos.). 
 
 Reg.-Gen., Registrar-Gen- 
 eral. 
 
 RSgie, governmental con- 
 trol of articles paying duty 
 in Aust., Fr., It., Sp., Turk. 
 
 regime * (not ital.) ; in Fr. 
 m. rS: 
 
 regimen/, pi. -s (not ital.). 
 
 regiment, abbr. regt. 
 
 regina (Lat.), queen ; abbr. 
 R., or Reg. 
 
 register * (binding) , a book- 
 marker ; (typ.) when 
 pages, columns, and lines 
 are truly square, and back 
 one another precisely on 
 the paper, or when two or 
 more colours meet without 
 overlapping, they are said 
 to be "m register," other- 
 wise ^^out of register." 
 The list of signatures 
 printed at the end of old 
 books. Abbr. reg. 
 
 registered, abbr. regd. 
 
 registrable, not -erable. 
 
 registrar/, -y, abbr. reg. 
 
 Registrar- General (hy- 
 phen, caps.) ; abbr. Reg.- 
 Gen. 
 
 regium donum (Lat.), a 
 royal grant. 
 
 Regius Professor, abbr. 
 Reg. Prof. 
 
 rbgle (Fr. f.), a rule. 
 
 r6gi6 (Fr.), settled. 
 
 reglet * (typ.), a thin strip of 
 wood used to make blanks 
 between lines of type. 
 
 "RSgne Animal (Le)/' 
 by Cuvier, 1817. 
 
 regnjum (Lat.), a kingdom, 
 or badge of royalty; pi. -a. 
 
 Reg. Prof., Regius Pro- 
 fessor. 
 
 regrater *, not -or. 
 
 regret/*, -ful*, -fully*, 
 -table *, -tably *, -ted *, 
 -ting *. 
 
 regt., regiment. 
 
 regalia (Lat.), a book of 
 rules ; pi. -as. 
 
 regular/, -ly, abbr. reg. 
 
 regulator *, not -er. 
 
 Reichs/anstalt, Ger. off. 
 laboratory ; "-anzeiger," 
 Ger. Imp. Gazette ; -kanz- 
 ler, Ger. and Aus. Imp. 
 Chancellor ; -rat, the 
 legislative body in the 
 Cis-leithan division of 
 Austria-Hungary ; -tag, 
 Ger. legislative body(cap.). 
 
 326 
 
REID — REMOVABLE 
 
 Beid (Andrew), 1848-, 
 writer ; — (Sir A. J. PA 
 1846- ; — (Sir George), 
 1841-, Sc. painter ; — 
 (Rt. Hon. G. H.), 1845- ; 
 
 — (Sir H. Gilzean), 
 1838-, writer; — (Sir 
 H. V. B.), 1845- ; — 
 (Sir James), 1849-, 
 M.D. ; — (Sir J. W.), 
 1823-, M. D. ; — (Captain 
 Majrne), 1818-83, 
 writer ; — (Sir B. T.), 
 1846- ; — (Thomas), 
 1710-96, metaphysician; 
 
 — (Sir T. Wemyss), 
 1 842- 1905, writer ; — 
 (Whitelaw), 1837-, 
 Amer. politician (see also 
 Bead, Beade, Bede, 
 Beed). 
 
 Beikiavik,M5^ Beykj-. 
 
 reimbark, use re-em- *. 
 
 reimburse * (one word). 
 
 rSlmpressioa (Fr. f.), a 
 reprint. 
 
 Beims, Fr., not Rh-. 
 
 reine-CIaude (Fr. f.), 
 greengage ; pi. reines-. 
 
 reinforce/*, -ment * 
 
 (mil.), not reen-. 
 
 reinstate* (one word). 
 
 rels*f pi. of real, a Port, 
 coin. 
 
 Reis-effendi (Turk.), title 
 of former Secretary of 
 State for foreign affairs. 
 
 reissue, see title pages. 
 
 reiteration (typ.), the 
 printingof the second side 
 of a sheet ; abbr. reit. 
 
 reiver, a robber, use rea-*. 
 
 B6jane (G. B6ju), 1857-, 
 actress. 
 
 rel., relative, -ly, religion, 
 religious, reliquisR (relics). 
 
 relitche (Fr. m.), respite, 
 rest; (theat.) no perform- 
 ance ; (f.) a port, harbour. 
 
 relaps/e, -able. 
 
 relat/er, in law -or. 
 
 relation, connexion by 
 blood or marriage, not 
 relative. 
 
 relative/, -ly, abbr. rel. 
 {see also relation). 
 
 relativity. 
 
 releaser, one who releases. 
 
 releasor (law), one who 
 grants a release. 
 
 relet/, -ting. 
 
 relevji (Fr.), /em. -4e, 
 exalted, noble ; (cook.), 
 highly-seasoned, (the) re- 
 move, not re-. 
 
 relic, not -ique. 
 
 relief printing (typ.), 
 letterpress or block print- 
 ing, not litho or plate. 
 
 re//ei/r (Fr.m.) , bookbinder. 
 
 relievoy use ritievo, 
 
 rellgleusej (Fr. f.), a nun ; 
 pi. -s. 
 
 religieux (Fr. m.), a monk ; 
 pi. same. 
 
 relig/ion, -ious, abbr. rel. 
 
 religious/ denomina- 
 tions (typ.), as Moham- 
 medan, Protestant, to 
 have caps. ; — marks, see 
 ecclesiastical signs. 
 
 relique, use relic. 
 
 reliquias (Lat.), relics, is 
 plural ; abbr. rel. 
 
 rellure (Fr. f.), binding. 
 
 rel/y, not -ie ; -led, -ying. 
 
 rem., remarks. 
 
 remainder (typ.), that part 
 of an edition which is 
 unsaleable at its original 
 price. 
 
 remark, not -que {see also 
 proofs of engravings). 
 
 Bembrandt, 1607-69, Du. 
 painter. 
 
 remerciment (Fr. m.), 
 thanks, not -iement. 
 
 remjex (Lat.), wing quill 
 feather ; pi. -Iges, 
 
 Beminiscere Sunday,the 
 second in Lent. 
 
 remissible, capable of be- 
 ing forgiven. 
 
 remit/, -tance, -ter. 
 
 remonstrator, not -er. 
 
 rimoulade (Fr. f.), salad 
 dressing, not remol-. 
 
 removable, not -eable. 
 
 337 
 
KEMPIiISSAGE — RES 
 
 remplissage (Fr. m.), pad- 
 ding. 
 
 R6musat (C. F. M., 
 comte de), 1797-1875, 
 Fr. writer; — (J. P.), 
 1 788- 1 832, Fr. Chinese 
 scholar. 
 
 Kenaissance (the), not 
 -ascence (cap.). 
 
 renard, the fox, use rey-. 
 
 rendezvous, sing, and pi. 
 (one word, not ital.). 
 
 rendible, translatable. 
 
 renommiS (Fr.),/em. -Se, 
 celebrated. 
 
 Benouf (Sir Peter le 
 Page), 1822-97, Egyptol. 
 
 renouncement. 
 
 renovator, not -er. 
 
 rentes] (Fr.f.), independent 
 income, also gov. stocks ; 
 — sur VEtatf interest 
 on Government loans. 
 
 rentjier (Fr.), /em. -idre, 
 one whose income is de- 
 rived from investments. 
 
 renvoi (Fr. m.), dismissal, 
 adjournment ; (law) send- 
 ing before another court ; 
 (typ.) a reference mark. 
 
 reometer, use rhe-. 
 
 reopen (one word). 
 
 reorganize, not -ise (one 
 word). 
 
 rep., report, -er, repre- 
 sentative, republic, -an, 
 
 rep, a fabric, not repp. 
 
 rep/ air, -arable, -ara- 
 tion, 
 
 repartee (not ital.). 
 
 repartir (Fr.), to reply, to 
 start again. 
 
 rSpartIr (Fr.), to divide. 
 
 repel/, -led, -lence, -lent, 
 -ler. 
 
 repertoire (not ital.). 
 
 repertorium (Lat.), a cata- 
 logue. 
 
 repetaiur (Lat.), let it be 
 repeated ; abbr. repet, 
 
 repetitoriiun (Lat.), a 
 summary. 
 
 replaceable, not -cable. 
 
 replica/, a duplicate by the 
 
 artist himself; pi. -b 
 (not ital.). 
 
 repli/^r, -eth, wo^ reply-. 
 
 riplique (Fr. f.), a reply. 
 
 report/, -er, abbr. rep, 
 
 repouss6 (not ital.). 
 
 repp, use rep. 
 
 repr., representing. 
 
 reprehensible, not -able. 
 
 representable, not -ible. 
 
 representative, abbr.rep. 
 
 Representatives (House 
 of), lower division of 
 U.S.A. Congress (caps.). 
 
 repress/, -er, -ible. 
 
 reprint (typ.), a second 
 or a new impression or 
 edition of any printed 
 work ; a re-impression. 
 Printed matter taken from 
 some other publication for 
 reproduction. Also print- 
 ed "copy" (one word) ; 
 abbr. R.P. {see also title 
 pages). 
 
 reprls/e, -al, not -ize. 
 
 reprize, to prize anew. 
 
 reproducible. 
 
 reproof, a rebuke. 
 
 reprove, to condemn. 
 
 republic/, -an, abbr. R. 
 
 Ripublique franqaise 
 (l.c. /), Fr. Republic; 
 abbr. R.F. 
 
 repudiator. 
 
 reputable. 
 
 requiem/ (R.C.C.), the 
 Mass for the dead ; pi. -s. 
 
 requiesjcat in pace (Lat.), 
 may he, or she, rest in 
 peace, abbr. R.I.P., pi. 
 
 -cant ; -cit , 
 
 he, or she, rests in peace, 
 
 reredos/, «o/ -dorse, -dosse, 
 rerdos; pi. -es. 
 
 rere-mouse, a bat, not 
 rear-, reer- (hyphen). 
 
 res., reserve, resides, -ence, 
 resigned. 
 
 res/ (Lat.), a thing or things; 
 — adjudicata, a matter 
 already decided ; — 
 angusta domi, scanty 
 means at home. 
 
 328 
 
RESCUABIiE — REVrDIEREN 
 
 rescuable. 
 reserve, abbr. res. 
 Reserve (Army) (caps.), 
 reserv/er, in law -or. 
 reservist, not -eist. 
 resgestas (Lat. pL), things 
 
 done, matters of fact, 
 resid/es, -ence, abbr. r., 
 
 or res. 
 residu/um, pi. -a. 
 resigned, abbr. res. 
 resin ; rosin only for mus. 
 
 instruments, 
 resist/anoe, -ant, vat 
 
 -ence, -ent. 
 res I judicata (Lat.), a 
 
 thing already decided ; — 
 
 nibill, a nonentity, 
 resolv/able, -er. 
 resonator. 
 
 resource, in Fr. f. ress-. 
 resp., respondent. 
 resp, i,Ger.), respektiv^ or. 
 respecter, 
 respirator, not -er. 
 response mark (typ.), ^t. 
 respons/ible, in Fr. 
 
 -able, 
 res publica (Lat.), public 
 
 property (two words). 
 respubJica (Lat.), the com- 
 monwealth (one word). 
 restaurateur (Fr. m.), 
 
 restaurant-keeper. 
 Bestigouche River, New 
 
 Brunswick, 
 restor/able, -ator. 
 Restoration (the) (cap.), 
 resum/e, -able. 
 r6sum6, a summary (not 
 
 ital.). 
 resuscitat/e, -or. 
 Reszke (ifidouard de), 
 
 1856- ; — (Jean de), 
 
 1853-, Polish singers, 
 ret (typ.), the second side 
 
 of a sheet. 
 ret., retired, 
 rotable, the super-altar, 
 retail, sell by, not at or to. 
 retd., returned, 
 retin/a,//. -8b. 
 retired, abbr. ret. 
 retraoeable. 
 
 retract/able, -ability, not 
 -ibie, -ibil-. 
 
 retractor, not -er. 
 
 retreater. 
 
 retree, the slightly damaged 
 paper of different reams 
 marked x x, 10% less 
 than " good." Distinct 
 from '^outsides," or 
 * 'broken," marked X x X. 
 
 retriever, a dog. 
 
 retroussS (Fr.), turned up. 
 
 returned, abbr. retd. 
 
 Reubens, use Ru-. 
 
 reunion, a social gathering; 
 in Fr. f. rSunion. 
 
 Reunion (lie de), Indian 
 Ocean. 
 
 Renter, /row. roy'tr. 
 
 Rev., Book of Revelation, 
 Reverend, Review. 
 
 rev., revenue, reverse, 
 revise, -ed, -sion, revolu- 
 tion, -s. 
 
 rSveii (Fr. m.),an awaking, 
 a morning call. 
 
 r6veill6, morning call to 
 troops (not ital.). 
 
 rSvei/lon (Fr. m.), a mid- 
 night repast on Xmas eve. 
 
 revel/, -led, -ler, -ling. 
 
 Revelation(Book of the), 
 not -ions ; abbr. Rev. 
 
 revenotts a nos moutons 
 (Fr.), let us return to our 
 subject. 
 
 revenue, abbr. rev. 
 
 Reverend, abbr. Rev. ; pi. 
 Revs. 
 
 reverie, not -y. 
 
 revers (Fr. dress, m.), the 
 front turned back showing 
 the inner surface. 
 
 reverse, abbr. rev. 
 
 reversi, a game, not ri-. 
 
 reversible, wo^-able. 
 
 reverse (typ.),the left-hand 
 page of an open book ; 
 generally bearing the even 
 numbers ; usual abbr. 
 v°, or verso (no point). 
 
 reveuir (Fr.), /em. -se, 
 a day-dreamer. 
 
 revidieren (Ger.),to revise. 
 
 a?29 
 
REVIEW — RIB 
 
 Review, abbr. Rev. 
 
 Reviews (titles of ) (typ.), 
 when cited, to be roman 
 double-quoted. 
 
 revise (typ.), a second or 
 subsequent proof; abbr. 
 rev. 
 
 revis/e, -able, -ing. 
 
 revis/e, -ed, -ion, abbr. 
 rev. 
 
 Revised/ Statutes, abbr. 
 R.S., or Rev. Stat. ; — 
 Version (the) (caps.), 
 abbr. R.V., or Rev. Ver. 
 
 Revisionsbogen (Ger. 
 typ. m.), revised proof- 
 sheet (cap.). 
 
 revived old-style type, 
 see old-style type. 
 
 reviv/er, in law -or. 
 
 revolt {k) (Fr.), to be re- 
 vised. 
 
 revoir! (au), till we meet 
 again ! (not ital.) 
 
 revo/ke, -cable, -cation. 
 
 Revolution (the), Amer. 
 1775-8, Eng. 1688-9, Fr. 
 1789-95, 1830, 1848, 1870 
 (cap.). 
 
 revolution/, -s, abbr. rev. 
 
 revolutionize, not -ise. 
 
 Revs., Reverends. 
 
 Rev. Stat., Revised 
 Statutes. 
 
 " Revue/ Bleue," " — des 
 Deux Mondes," Fr. f. 
 periodicals. 
 
 Rev. Ver., Revised Ver- 
 sion. 
 
 rex (Lat.), king ; abbr. R. 
 
 Reykjavik, not Reiki-. 
 
 reynard, the fox, not ren-. 
 
 rez-de-chaussSe (Fr. m.), 
 the ground floor(hyphens). 
 
 R.P., Repuhlique frangaise 
 (Fr. Republic). 
 
 Rf. (paper), rough finish. 
 
 rt, see rintorzando. 
 
 R.P.A., Royal Field Artil- 
 lery. 
 
 R.G.A., Royal Garrison 
 Artillery, — Guernsey 
 Artillery; R.G.S., — 
 Geographical Society. 
 
 R.H.*, Royal Highness; 
 Rh, rhodium ; r.h., right 
 hand ; R.H. A., Royal 
 Hibernian Academy, — 
 Horse Artillery. 
 
 rhabdomancy*, «o^ra-. 
 
 RhaBt/ia, -ian, -ic, of Aus. 
 Tyrol, not Rae-, Rhe-. 
 
 rhapsodize, not -ise. 
 
 rhatany* (bot.), not rat-. 
 
 Rheims, use Reims. 
 
 Rhein (Ger. m.), the Rhine. 
 
 " Rheingold (Das)," 
 opera by Wagner, 1869. 
 
 ** Rheinisches Museum 
 fiir Philologie," a Ger. 
 periodical. 
 
 rheometer(elec.), not reo-. 
 
 rhet., rhetoric. 
 
 R.H.G., Royal Horse 
 Guards. 
 
 Rhind lectures in archae- 
 ology. 
 
 rhinoceros/, pi. -es. 
 
 R.H.M.S., Royal Hiber- 
 nian Military School. 
 
 Rhode Island, off. abbr. 
 R.I. 
 
 Rhodesia, S. Afr. ; pron. 
 ro-dee'zia. 
 
 rhodium, symbol Rh. 
 
 rhododendron/, pi. -s. 
 
 rhomb/us (geom.), pi. -i. 
 
 Rhondda Valley, Glam. 
 
 Rhone, dep. and river ; in 
 Fr. Rhdne. 
 
 R.H.S., Royal Historical 
 Society, — Horticultural 
 — , — Humane — . 
 
 rhumb (naut.), not ru-. 
 
 rhym/e, to versify; -er (see 
 also rime). 
 
 Rh^s (John), 1840-, phi- 
 lologist ; pron. reece. 
 
 rhythm. 
 
 R.I., Rhode Island (off. 
 abbr.), Royal Institute of 
 Painters in Water-Col- 
 ours ; R.I.A., Royal 
 Irish Academy. 
 
 Rialto, Venice (cap.). 
 
 riantj {Fr.),/em. -e, cheer- 
 ful, agreeable to the eye. 
 
 rib/, -bed, -bing. 
 
 330 
 
II.I.B.A. — RIV. 
 
 R.I.B.A., Royal Institute ritievfo (It.), raised or em- 
 
 of British Architects. 
 
 ribbon, not -and, riband. 
 
 B.I.C, Royal Irish Con- 
 stabulary. 
 
 Bicardo (David), 1772- 
 1823, Eng. economist. 
 
 Bichelieu (Cardinal), 
 1585-1642, Fr. statesman. 
 
 Richepin (Jean), 1849-, 
 Fr. writer. 
 
 Bichey (Sir J. B.), 1833- 
 {see also Bitchie). 
 
 Bichter (Hans), 1843-, 
 musical conductor ; — 
 (J. P. F.), 1 763-1825, 
 Ger. writer. 
 
 rickets, a bone disease. 
 
 rickety, not -tty. 
 
 ricksha-w, abbr. of jin- 
 ricksha*. 
 
 ricochet/, -ted, -ting 
 (not ital.). 
 
 rid/, -ded, -ding. 
 
 rid/e, -eable, -den, -ing. 
 
 rider (typ.), additional MS. 
 added to a proof. 
 
 ridg/e, -y. 
 
 Ries {Ger. n.), aream (cap.). 
 
 BiesUng, a Rhine wine. 
 
 Bievaulx Abbey, Yorks, 
 not Riv- ; pron. riv'ers. 
 
 rifaclmentjo (It.), a re- 
 making ; pi. -/, 
 
 riff-raff (hyphen). 
 
 rifl/e, -ing. 
 
 right/ (theat.), abbr. B.; — 
 ascension, abbr. B.A.; 
 hand/, adj., -ed (hy- 
 phens); — hand pages 
 (typ.), the recto pages 
 usually with odd folios. 
 
 Bight Beverend (for 
 Bishops only), abbr. 
 Bight Bev. 
 
 Bigi, Switz., not -hi. 
 
 rigor (med.), not -our. 
 
 rigor mortis (Lat.), stiffen- 
 ing of death (not ital.). 
 
 rigorous, not rigour-. 
 
 rigour, severity, not -or. 
 
 Bigsdag, Dan. Parliament. 
 
 Big- Veda, Sanskrit reli- 
 gious book (caps., hyphen). 
 
 bossed work, not re-; pi. -/. 
 
 B.I.M., Royal Indian 
 Marine. 
 
 rim/, -med, -ming. 
 
 rima (It.), verse. 
 
 rim/e, hoar-frost; -y {see 
 also rhyme). 
 
 rinderpest, pleuro-pneu- 
 monia in cattle (one word). 
 
 tinforzjando, -ato (It. 
 mus.), with more em- 
 phasis; abbr. rf., or tin f, 
 
 **Bing der Nibelungen 
 (Der),** by Wagner, 1876. 
 
 Bingsend, Dublin. 
 
 BingTvood, Hants. 
 
 Bingwould, Dover. 
 
 Bio de Janeiro, Brazil, not 
 Rio Janeiro. 
 
 Bio Tinto, S. Spain. 
 
 B.I.P.*, Requiescat (or -anf) 
 in pace (may he, she (or 
 they) rest in peace!). 
 
 ripost, a retort, not -te. 
 
 rippl/e, -y. 
 
 Bippmann (Prof. Wal- 
 ter), 1869-, educationist. 
 
 "Bip Van Winkle,*' by 
 Washington Irving, 1820 
 (three caps.). 
 
 ris de veau (Fr. cook, m.), 
 sweetbread. 
 
 rises, abbr. r. 
 
 risible, etc., not -able. 
 
 risqujS (Fr.), fem. -Se, 
 risky, indelicate. 
 
 rissole, minced meat fried 
 in batter (not ital.). 
 
 rissolS (Fr. cook.), well- 
 browned. 
 
 ritardando (It.mus.), slow- 
 er; abbr. tit, or ritard. 
 
 Bitchie (Bt. Hon. C. T.), 
 1 838-, statesman ; — 
 (Sir J. T.), 1835- {see also 
 Bichey). 
 
 ritenuto (It. mus.), slower; 
 abbr. riten. 
 
 Bitualist/ (cap.) ; -io (not 
 cap.). 
 
 Biukiu Isles, use Iioo- 
 ohoo — . 
 
 Biv., river. 
 
 331 
 
RIVAL — ROD 
 
 rival/, -led, -ling. 
 
 Rivaulx, see Rie-. 
 
 Rivaz (Sir C), 1845-. 
 
 rivel/, to corrugate ; -led, 
 -ling. 
 
 River (typ.), when with 
 name to have cap., as 
 Yellow River, River 
 Dart ; abbr. R., or Riv. 
 
 river-side (hyphen). 
 
 Rivesaltes, a Fr. wine. 
 
 rivet/, -ed, -er, -ing. 
 
 Riviera, S. France. 
 
 Riviere (Briton), 1840-, 
 painter. 
 
 riviere (Fr. f.), river, (of 
 diamonds) collar. 
 
 rix-doUar, a European 
 coin 2/6-4/6, not ricks- 
 (hyphen) ; abbr. Rx. 
 
 riz (Fr. m.), rice. 
 
 Rizzio (David), d. 1566, 
 favourite of Mary, Q. of 
 Scots, not Rice-. 
 
 R.J. A., Royal Jersey Ar- 
 tillery ; R.J.Ii.I., ditto 
 Light Infantry ; R.J.M., 
 ditto Militia. 
 
 R.L.O., Returned Letter 
 Office (Jbrmerly Dead 
 
 R.M., Resident Magistrate, 
 Royal Mail, — Marines ; 
 rm., ream ; R.M.A., 
 Royal Marine Artillery, 
 
 — Military Academy 
 (Woolwich), Asy- 
 lum; R.M.C., — Military 
 College (Sandhurst) ; 
 R.Met.S., — Meteorolo- 
 gical Society ; R.M.Ij.I.) 
 
 — Marine Light Infantry ; 
 R.M.S., — Mail Ser- 
 vice ; Steamer, — 
 
 Microscopical Society. 
 
 R.lSr. *, Royal Navy ; 
 R.N.A.V., — Naval 
 Artillery Volunteers ; 
 R.W.R., — Naval Re- 
 serve ; R.N.V., — Naval 
 Volunteer (Reserve). 
 
 R.O., Receiving Office, -r, 
 Relieving Officer, Return- 
 ing — , Royal Observatory. 
 
 ro., rood. 
 
 r" (typ.), recto. 
 
 Road^typ.), after name to 
 
 be cap., as Fulham Road ; 
 
 in journalism, hyphen 
 
 and lower-case r usual, as 
 
 Fulham-road ; abbr. Rd. 
 road/side, -stead, -way 
 
 (no hyphen). 
 roan (binding), a soft and 
 
 flexible sheepskin, often 
 
 imitating morocco, 
 roast (to rule the), to 
 
 exercise leadership, not 
 
 roost. 
 Robartes (Baron), fam. 
 
 name Agar- Robartes. 
 Robben Island, S. Africa. 
 Robbia (Luca della), 
 
 1 399- 1 482, sculptor. 
 rohbin (E. Ind.), a package. 
 robe de] cliambre (Fr. f.), 
 
 morning- gown ; — — 
 
 COUr, Court-dress. 
 Robert College, Constan- 
 tinople. 
 Robespierre (M. M. J.), 
 
 1758-94, Fr. politician. 
 robin, the bird (see also 
 
 robbin). 
 Robin/ Goodfellow, a 
 
 sprite (caps.) ; — Hood's 
 
 Bay, a town, Yorks 
 
 (apos., three words). 
 robin redbreast*. 
 ♦* Robinson Crusoe,** by 
 
 Defoe, 1719. 
 Rob Roy, 1671-1734, Sc. 
 
 outlaw (caps., two words), 
 roburite, an explosive. 
 roc, a fabulous bird, not 
 
 rock, rok, rue, ruck, rukh. 
 Roch (St.), pron. rok. 
 Roche, />ro«. rosh. 
 Rochefoucauld,5^^ La — . 
 roches moutonn^es 
 
 (geol.) (not ital.). 
 rochet, a linen garment, not 
 
 -ette, rotchet. 
 Rook (the), Gibraltar. 
 Rookefeller( J. D.), 1840-, 
 
 Amer. millionaire. 
 "Rook of Ages** (caps.). 
 rod, abbr. r. 
 
 33a 
 
ROD — EOSENCEANTZ 
 
 Rod (:6douard), 1 857-, Fr. 
 
 writer. 
 Rodd (Sir Rennell), 
 
 1 858-, writer. 
 Roderic, the last of the 
 
 Goths, not -ick. 
 Rodin (Auguste), 1840-, 
 
 Fr. sculptor. 
 rodomontade, not rh-. 
 roebuck (one word). 
 roe-deer (hyphen). 
 Rofien., signature of Bp. of 
 
 Rochester (point). 
 Rogation Sunday, that 
 
 before Ascension Day. 
 Roget (P. M.), 1779-1869, 
 
 wrote " Thesaurus." 
 rogttons (Fr. m.), kidneys. 
 Rohilkhand, N.W. India, 
 
 not Rohilc-, -und. 
 Rohlfs (Anna K. G.), 
 
 1 846-, Amer. writer. 
 roi faineant (Fr.), do- 
 nothing king. 
 roisterer, not roy-. 
 rok, use roc. 
 Rokitansky (K. baron 
 
 von), 1804-78, anatomist, 
 rdle, in Fr. m. role, 
 roll-call (hyphen). 
 RoUeston (George), 
 
 1829-81, anatomist. 
 roly - poly, a pudding, 
 
 not roley-poley, roUey- 
 
 poUey, roily -polly, row- 
 
 ley-powley. 
 Rom., Roman, Romance, 
 
 Romans (Epistle to the). 
 Romaic, modern Greek. 
 Roman/, -ism, -ist (caps.). 
 roman (typ.), this style of 
 
 type, or ordinary as distinct 
 
 from fancy and ital. (not 
 
 cap.) ; in Ger. Antiqua. 
 Roman Catholic/ (caps.), 
 
 abbr.R.C; Church 
 
 . (caps.), abbr. R.C.C. 
 Romance- Conti, a red 
 
 Burgundy wine, 
 romanize, not -ise. 
 roman numerals, see 
 
 numerals (roman). 
 Romanoff, reigning house 
 
 of Russia. 
 
 Romans (the Epistle to 
 
 the) ; abbr. Rom. 
 Romansch, Rhaeto-ro- 
 
 manic. 
 Romany, a gipsy, not 
 
 -nny, -mmany (cap.). 
 Romney (George), 1734 
 
 (O.S.)-i8o2, painter. 
 Romsey, Hants. 
 ronde (typ.), an uji^io^ 
 
 cutaulaA, Votnv oj- ^crtlifc, 
 
 o-^ tfu^. 
 
 rondeau/, a form of poem ; 
 
 pL -X. 
 rondo (mus.), a movement, 
 rone, a water-pipe. 
 Rontgen (Julius), 1855-, 
 
 composer ; — (W. K. 
 
 von), 1845-, discovered 
 
 rOntgen rays, 
 rood, abbr. ro. 
 rook (chess), abbr. R, also 
 
 a bird. 
 Rooke (Sir George), 
 
 1650-1709, Eng. admiral. 
 Roosevelt (Theodore), 
 
 1858-, Amer. Pres. 1903-; 
 
 pron. ro'sa-felt. 
 roost (to rule the), use 
 
 roast, 
 rop/e, -y. 
 
 Roquefort, a Fr. cheese, 
 rorqual, a whale. 
 Rosalind, in "As You Like 
 
 It," and Spenser's "Shep- 
 herd's Calendar." 
 Rosaline, in " Love's 
 
 Labour's Lost," "Romeo 
 
 and Juliet." 
 Roscher ("Wilhelm), 
 
 1817-94, economist. 
 Roscommon, Ireland, 
 ros/e, -y. 
 rose (Fr. m.), pink colour ; 
 
 (f.) a rose ; couleur de 
 
 — , roseate, attractive. 
 Rosebery (Earl of), 
 
 1847-, not -berry, -bury, 
 rosemary, not rosm-. 
 Rosencrantz and Guild- 
 
 enstem, in " Hamlet." 
 
 333 
 
KOSENKBANZ — KOWEL 
 
 Hosenkranss (J. K. P.), 
 1805-79, Ger. metaph. 
 
 Rosentreter, a chess open- 
 ing. 
 
 rose/-water, -wood (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 rosin (mus.), for stringed 
 instruments, not re-. 
 
 Rosinante, Don Quixote's 
 steed. 
 
 Roskilde (treaty of). 
 
 Roslin Chapel {see also 
 Rosslyn). 
 
 Rosmead (Baron). 
 
 Rosny (J. H.), Fr. writer. 
 
 Rosolio, a red wine of 
 Malta, not -oglio, -oli. 
 
 Ross (Sir James Clark), 
 1800-62 ; — (Sir John), 
 1777-1856, Arctic ex- 
 plorers, 
 
 Rosse (Earl of), /(row. r6s. 
 
 Rossend Castle, Fife. 
 
 Rossetti (Christina 
 
 Georgina), 1830-94, 
 poetess ; — (Dante Ga- 
 briel), 1828-82, poet, 
 painter ; — (Gabriele), 
 1 783-1854, poet, writer; 
 — (William Michael), 
 1829-, writer. 
 
 rossignol (Fr. m.), night- 
 ingale. 
 
 Rosslyn (Earl of) {see also 
 Roslin). 
 
 Ross-shire (hyphen). 
 
 Rostand (Edmond), 
 
 1868-, Fr. dramatist. 
 
 roster, a list of persons, etc. 
 
 rostr/um, pi. -a (not ital.). 
 
 rosy, not -ey. 
 
 rot/, -ted, -ting. 
 
 r6t/ (Fr. m.), meat roasted 
 on a spit ; pi. -s (not ital.). 
 
 rota/, list of persons ; pi. -S. 
 
 rotary, not rotatory. 
 
 rotator/, pi. -s. 
 
 rotatory, use rotary. 
 
 Rothamsted, agricul- 
 tural station. 
 
 Rothe (Richard), 1799- 
 1867, Ger. theol. 
 
 Rothes (Earl o/), pron. 
 roth'iz. 
 
 Roth/schild(typ.), divide, 
 
 if necessary, at stroke. 
 rdti (Fjr. m.), roast meat, 
 rotifer/ (zool.),/>/. -s; roti' 
 
 fera (Lat.) is plural. 
 rdtir (Fr. cook.), to roast. 
 rotondo (It. typ.), roman 
 
 type, 
 rotor (math.), a vector of 
 
 definite position, 
 rottenstone (one word). 
 Rottingdean, Sussex (one 
 
 word). 
 rotund/a, not -o ; pi. -as. 
 roturijer {Fv.\fem. -ere, 
 
 of mean birth. 
 rouble, Russ. silver coin 
 
 about 2s. I'/ad. Eng., not 
 
 ru- ; abbr. R. 
 rou6, a debauchee ( not ital.). 
 rouelle de veau (Fr. f.), 
 
 fillet of veal. 
 rouge etnoiriYr.ra.), red 
 
 and black, a game of 
 
 chance (three words). 
 rouget (Fr. m.), red mullet, 
 rough, to trump, not ruff, 
 rough/- and- ready (adj.), 
 
 — -dry, — -hew, — 
 
 -rider, — -shod (hy- 
 phens). 
 rouleauj (Fr. m.), a roll of 
 
 money, roller, scroll ; 
 
 pi. -X, 
 Roumania/, -n, use'Rum.-, 
 Roumelia/, -n, use'Rum.-, 
 roundabout (one word). 
 round-robin, a petition 
 
 (hyphen). 
 Rouse (W. H. D.), 1863-, 
 
 writer; pron. rows. 
 Rousse (Edmond), 181 7-, 
 
 Fr, writer. 
 Rousseau (J.-B.), 1670- 
 
 1741, Fr. poet;— (J.-J.), 
 
 1712-78, writer; — 
 
 (P. E. T.), 1812-67, Fr. 
 
 painter. 
 Roussillon, a red wine, 
 rout (verb). 
 Routledge & Sons (G.), 
 
 Xitd., publishers, London. 
 rowan, the mountain-ash. 
 rowel/, -led, -ling. 
 
 334 
 
ROWEN — RUDBSHEIMER 
 
 Towen, the aftermath. 
 
 rowley-powley, use roly- 
 poly. 
 
 rowlock (naut.), not roll-, 
 rull- ; pron. r6l'uk. 
 
 Roxburgh, Scotland. 
 
 roxburghe binding, a 
 plain leather back, no 
 raised bands, lettered in 
 gold near the top, cloth 
 or paper sides, leaves 
 gilt at top, otherwise un- 
 opened (not cap.). 
 
 Roxbiirghe/ (Duke of) ; 
 
 — Club. 
 
 Royal/ (cap.), abbr. R. ; 
 — Academ/y, — idan, 
 
 — Artillery, abbr. R. A. ; 
 
 — Highness, R.H. 
 royal paper, printing, 
 
 25 X 20 in. ; royal/ folio, 
 20 X 12^/2 ; — quarto, 
 12^2 X 10 ; — octavo, 10 
 X 674 ; — writing, 24 x 
 19 {see also books, folio, 
 paper). 
 
 Royal Society, abbr. R.S. 
 
 roysterer, use roi-. 
 
 R.P., Reformed Presbyte- 
 rian,reprint, (Fr.)/?«//r(f«d 
 Pere (Reverend Father) ; 
 R.P.D., Rerum Poltti- 
 carunt Doctor (Doctor 
 of Political Science) ; 
 R.P.E., Reformed Prot- 
 estant Episcopal ; r.p.m., 
 revolutions per minute. 
 
 rr., rarissinte {very rarely) ; 
 R.R.C., Royal Red Cross 
 (for ladies). 
 
 R.S., Revised Statutes, 
 Royal Society ; Rs, ru- 
 pees ; r.s., right side ; 
 R.S.A., Royal Scottish 
 Academy ; R.S.A.F., 
 Royal Small Arms 
 Factories; R.S.C., Rules 
 of the Supreme Court 
 (Ire.) ; R.S.D., Royal 
 Society, Dublin ; R.S.E., 
 ditto Edinburgh ; R.S.L., 
 ditto London(usually R.S. 
 only) ; R.S.M., Regi- 
 mental Serjeant -Major; 
 
 R.S.W.A., Royal Society 
 of Northern Antiquaries ; 
 R.S.O., railway sub- 
 office; R.S.P.C.A., 
 Royal Society for Preven- 
 tion of Cruelty to Animals 
 {see also N.S.P.C.C.) ; 
 R.S.S., Regisi Societatis 
 Sodalis (Fellow of 
 the Royal Society) ; 
 R.S.V.P.*, repondez sHl 
 vous plait (please reply) 
 (not to be used in writings 
 in the third person); 
 R.S. W.S., Royal Scottish 
 Water-Colour Society. 
 
 R.T. 
 
 received text ; 
 
 Rt.Hon., Right Honour- 
 able ; Rt. Rev., Right 
 Reverend (of a bishop) ; 
 R.T.S., Religious Tract 
 Society, Royal Toxoph- 
 ilite Society; R.T.Y.C., 
 Royal Thames Yacht 
 Club. 
 
 R.U., Rugby Union ; Ru, 
 ruthenium. 
 
 "Rubdiyat (The)," by 
 Omar Khayydm. 
 
 Rubens (Peter Paul), 
 1577-1640, painter, not 
 Reu-. 
 
 rubican, a horse flecked 
 with white or grey. 
 
 rubicel, a variety of ruby. 
 
 Rubicon (to cross the), 
 to take an irrevocable step 
 (cap.). 
 
 rubicund, red. 
 
 rubidium, symbol Rb. 
 
 ruble, use rouble. 
 
 rubric (typ.), letters in 
 red ; rubricate (typ.), to 
 print in red. 
 
 ruby (typ.), a size of type thir- 
 teen Hues tx) the inch, and Jive 
 and a half point, as this. 
 
 ru/c, -ck, -kh, use roo, 
 ruche (Fr. dress, f.), a 
 
 quillingorfrilling, Mo/rou-, 
 rud, use rudd. 
 rudd, a fish, not rud. 
 Riidesheimer, a Rhine 
 
 wine. 
 
 335 
 
RUE — RinrSDAEIi 
 
 rue, rueful, ruing. 
 
 B.U.E. (theat.), right upper 
 entrance. 
 
 ruff, a bird ; fem. reeve. 
 
 ruff, to trump, use rough. 
 
 ruffe, a fish. 
 
 rug\a (Lat.), a wrinkle ; pi. 
 -as. 
 
 Ruhmkorff/ (H.D.), 1803- 
 77, electrician ; — coil. 
 
 R.IJ.I., Royal University 
 of Ireland. 
 
 ruinjS (Fr.), fent. -Se, ruin- 
 ed, spoiled. 
 
 rul/e, -able, -ing, -y. 
 
 rule (typ.), 
 
 dotted, 
 double, 
 em, — ; 
 en,-; 
 French, 
 
 of 
 
 metal, the em rule, 
 
 various lengths ; 
 parallel, ; 
 
 single, ; 
 
 total, s^^si ; 
 waved, .^~-— ^ . 
 
 «• Rule, Britannia ! " 
 (comma). 
 
 rule-work (typ.), com- 
 position with many rules, 
 as in tabular matter (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 rum/, -my. 
 
 Rumania/, -n, not Rou-. 
 
 rumb, use rh-. 
 
 Rumelia/, -n, not Rou-. 
 
 ruminator, not -er. 
 
 run (naut.), deserted ; abbr. 
 R. 
 
 Runeberg (J. L.), 1804- 
 77, Sw. poet. 
 
 runic (typ.), a plain style 
 of type with lines of 
 almost equal thick- 
 ness, as this; abbr. R. 
 
 runners (typ.), figures or 
 letters placed down the 
 margin of a page to ident- 
 ify the lines. 
 
 Runnimede, on the 
 
 - Thames. 
 
 running/ head-line, or — 
 
 title (typ.), the one on 
 the head margin con- 
 tinued from page to page 
 (see also head-lines). 
 
 run on/ (typ.), to have no 
 break: no new paragraph; 
 
 solid, to continue 
 
 without break or leads. 
 
 run out and indent (typ.), 
 the first line to be full out, 
 and the subsequent lines 
 indented, as on this page. 
 
 rupee,signR,/>/.Rs; tens 
 of rupees, Sx ; (typ.), 
 sign to be placed before 
 the figures and close up 
 {see also lac). 
 
 Rupert's Land (Bp. of). 
 
 ruralize, not -ise. 
 
 rusje {Fr.),/em. -Se, artful. 
 
 ruse de guerre (Fr. f.), a 
 war stratagem. 
 
 R.U.S.I., Royal United 
 Service Institution. 
 
 rus in urbe (Lat.), the 
 country within a town. 
 
 Russ., Russia, -n. 
 
 Russel (Alexander), 
 1814-76, a well-known 
 editor of the " Scotsman." 
 
 russel- cord, a fabric. 
 
 Russell (Earl) ; also fam. 
 name Dukes of Bedford. 
 
 russet/, -ed, -ing, -y. 
 
 russia leather (binding), 
 is reddish-brown in colour 
 and scented, genuine made 
 only in Russia (not cap.). 
 
 Russia/, -n, abbr. Russ. ; 
 (typ-) 36 letters, both 
 caps, and smalls of special 
 character and form. 
 
 Rustchuk, Bulgaria. 
 
 rut/, -ted, -ting, -ty. 
 
 Ruth (the Book of), 
 abbr. Ruth. 
 
 ruthenium, symbol Ru. 
 
 Ruthven (Baron), pron. 
 rivn'. 
 
 Ruw^enzori, mountain, 
 Cent. Africa. 
 
 Ruy Lopez, chess opening. 
 
 Ruysdael (Jakob), i6a8- 
 82, Dutch painter. 
 
 336 
 
II.V., Revised Version, Rifle 
 Volunteers ; R.V.C, 
 Rifle Volunteer Corps ; 
 R.V.S.V.P., repondez 
 viie, sUl vous plait (please 
 reply quickly). 
 
 B.W., Right Worshipful, 
 — Worthy. 
 
 Rx., rix-doUar. 
 
 R.V. — R.Y.S. 
 
 Rx, tens of rupees (no 
 
 point). 
 Rye-house Plot, 1682-3 
 
 (one hyphen, two caps.). 
 B.yley (Madeleine 
 
 Luoette), actress and 
 
 playwright. 
 R.Y.S., Royal Yacht 
 
 Squadron (a club). 
 
 337 
 
R NOTES 
 
R NOTE3 
 
 339 '22 
 
s. 
 
 SAINT 
 
 s 
 
 S., Sabbath, Saint, school, 
 series, Signor, Society, 
 soprano, south, -em, 
 Southern postal district of 
 London, sun, Sunday, sur- 
 plus, all propernames with 
 this initial, the eighteenth 
 in a series, (Fr.) saint 
 (saint), (Ger.) Sankt 
 (saint), Seite (page), Sud 
 (south), (Lat.) sepultus 
 (buried), socius or sodalis 
 (Fellow), (It. mus.) sinis- 
 tra (left hand). 
 
 S (chera.), sulphur, (math.) 
 scalar. 
 
 (S.), Socialist. 
 
 8., second, -s (of time), sec- 
 tion, see, set, shilling, -s, 
 sign, -ed, singular, solo, 
 son, spherical, stem, sub- 
 stantive, succeeded, (Fr.) 
 5«c/^(century),s«<f (south), 
 (Ger.) siehe (see), (Lat.) 
 semi (half), solidus (shil- 
 ling), (meteor.) stratus 
 cloud, (naut.) snow. 
 
 *8, abbr. for Du. des (of the), 
 as 's Gravenhage (The 
 Hague). 
 
 % (It. mus.), the repeat mark. 
 
 $, the dollar mark; (typ.) to 
 be after ^ and close up to, 
 the figures. 
 
 f (math.), sign of integra- 
 tion. 
 
 2 (Gr.) (math.), sum. 
 
 S.A., the Salvation Army, 
 South Africa, -n. 
 
 S.A. (Lat.), sineanno (with- 
 out date). 
 
 S. A. A. A., Scottish Amateur 
 Athletic Association. 
 
 Sabaoth (Scrip.), armies. 
 
 Sabbatarian/, -ism 
 
 (caps.). 
 
 Sabbath (the) (cap.) ; 
 abbr. S. 
 
 sabretache, bag for 
 cavalry, not -tash, -tasche. 
 
 Sabreur (Le Beau), Jo- 
 achim Murat, 1767-1815. 
 
 saccharimeter, not -om-. 
 
 Sacheverell (Henry), 
 1672-1724, High Church 
 rector, 
 
 Sachs (Hans), 1494-1576, 
 Ger. poet ; — (Julius), 
 1832-97, Ger. botanist 
 {see also Sax, Saxe). 
 
 Sachsen, Ger. n. for 
 Saxony. 
 
 sackcloth (one word). 
 
 sacque, a loose coat. 
 
 sacriS (Fr.), fem. -Sc, 
 sacred. 
 
 sacrilegious, not sacre-, 
 -eous. 
 
 Saffron-"Walden, Essex 
 (hyphen). 
 
 saga/, Scand. myth. ; pi. -S. 
 
 sagesse (Fr. f.), wisdom. 
 
 Saghalien Island, use 
 Sakhalin — . 
 
 sagOU (Fr. m.), sago. 
 
 sahlbj (Ind.), master ; fem. 
 -ah, or mem-sahib. 
 
 S.A.I. (Fr.), Son Altesse 
 Imperiale (His, or Her, 
 Imperial Highness) ; pL 
 SS.AA.II. 
 
 salgnanti, f. -e (Fr. cook.), 
 underdone. 
 
 sailcloth (one word). 
 
 sailed, abbr. sld. 
 
 Sailors* Home, not -s. 
 
 sainfoin (bot.), not saint-. 
 
 Saint, abbr. S., or St. ; in 
 alphabetical arrangement 
 always place under Saint, 
 not under St- ; (typ.) St. 
 should not end line. 
 In Fr. small 5 and space 
 after, if relating to the 
 person of a saint, as saint 
 Jean, but cap. 5 and 
 
 340 
 
SAINT 
 
 Saint (com/.). 
 
 hyphen if relating to 
 the name of a place or 
 person or saint's day : as 
 Saint-!^Ltienne, Sainte- 
 Beuve, la Saint - Bar- 
 thelemy. Fr. abbr. S., 
 fern. Ste, for the persons 
 of saints ; St-,/^w. Ste-, 
 for names of places, of 
 persons, or of saints* 
 days. In Ger. Ssinkt, 
 abbr. S., pL SS. 
 
 St. Albans (Bp. of). 
 
 St. Andrew's Cross, x . 
 
 St. Andrews, Dunkeld, 
 and Dunblane (Bp. of) 
 (noapos. ); St. Andrew's 
 i>ay, 30 Nov. ; St. An- 
 drews University (no 
 apos.) ; St. Anne's Day, 
 26 July; St. Annes-on- 
 Sea, Lanes (hyphens, 
 no apos.) ; St. An- 
 thony's fire, erysipelas ; 
 St. Aubin's, Jersey 
 (apos.) ; St. Barnabas* 
 Day, 1 1 June; [St.] Bar- 
 tholomew Day, 24 
 August ; St. Bees, Cum- 
 berland (no apos.) ; St. 
 Clement's Day, 23 Nov. ; 
 St. David's, Fife, Pem- 
 broke, and Bp. of (apos.); 
 St. Denis* Day, 9 Oct, ; 
 St. Dunstan's Day, 19 
 May; Saint-ifimilion, a 
 claret ; Saint-Estdphe, 
 a claret; Saint- Etienne, 
 dep. Loire; St. George's 
 Channel (apos.) ; St. 
 Gothard, Switz., not 
 Gott- ; St. Helens, Dur, 
 Lanes, L of Wight (no 
 apos.) ; St. Ives, Corn, 
 Hunts (no apos.) ; St. 
 James's/ Day, 25 July; 
 — — Palace, Park, 
 Square, Street, etc. 
 (-s's) ; St. John, proper 
 name, pron. sin'jin ; St. 
 John's, Newfoundland, 
 Quebec ; St. John's 
 College, Ox,, and Camb. 
 
 (apos.) ; St. John's 
 Wood^ London (three 
 words, apos.) ; St. John 
 the Baptist's Day, 24 
 June ; ditto Evangel- 
 ist's Day, 27 Dec. ; 
 Saint- Julien, a claret; 
 Saint-Just (L. A. L. 
 F. de), 1767-94, Fr. 
 writer ; St. Katharine's 
 (of Alexandria) Day, 25 
 Nov. ; St. Lambert's 
 Day, 17 Sept.; St. Law- 
 rence's Day, 10 Aug. ; 
 St. Luke's/ Day, 18 
 Oct. ; little sum- 
 mer, fine weather be- 
 tween 18 Oct. and 11 
 Nov.; St. Margaret's 
 Day, 20 July; St. 
 Mark's Day, 25 April ; 
 St. Martin's summer, 
 begins about 11 Nov. ; 
 St. Mary Abbot, Ken- 
 sington ; St. Mary 
 Church, Torquay (three 
 words) ; St. Matthew's 
 Day, 21 Sept. ; St. 
 Matthias's Day, 24 
 Feb. (-s's); St. Maur, 
 family name of Duke of 
 Somerset, pron. se-mor' ; 
 St. Michael and All 
 Angels* Day, 29 Sept. ; 
 St. Michael's, Azores 
 (apos.) ; Mount Saint 
 Michael, Cornwall ; 
 Mont - Saint - Michel, 
 Fr. (hyphens') ; St.Neot, 
 Corn ; St. Neots, Hunts 
 (noapos.); St. Nicolas, 
 patron of Russia, also town 
 in Belgium ; St. Olaf, 
 patron of Norway ; St. 
 Patrick's Day, 17 Mar.; 
 St. Paul de Loanda, 
 W. Afr., see Loanda ; 
 St. Paul's, London ; — 
 — Day, 25 Jan. (apos.) ; 
 St. Peter's, Rome 
 (apos.) ; St. Peter's Day, 
 29 June (apos.) ; St. 
 Philip and St. James's 
 Day, I May; Saint- 
 
 341 
 
SAIWT — SAMPAN" 
 
 Pierre, a claret ; Saint- 
 Pierre (J. H. B. de), 
 1737-1814, Fr. writer 
 (hyphen) ; St. EoUox, 
 Glasgow; Saint-Saens 
 (C. C), 1835-, Fr. com- 
 poser (hyphen) ; St. 
 Sepulchre (Church of) ; 
 Saint- Simon (C. H., 
 comte de), 1760- 
 1825, founder of Fr. 
 Socialism ; — (L. de R., 
 due de), 1675-1755, Fr. 
 writer (hyphen) ; St. 
 Simon and St. Jude*s 
 Day, 28 Oct. ; St. Ste- 
 phen's Day, 26 Dec; 
 St. Swithin's Day, 15 
 July; St. Thomas's 
 Day, a I Dec; St. 
 Vitus's dance (-s's). 
 
 Sainte - Beuve (C.-A.), 
 1804-69, French writer; 
 Sainte- Claire Deville 
 (H. E.), 1818-81, Fr. 
 chemist (one hyphen). 
 
 Saintsbury (Prof. G. E. 
 B.), 1 845-, writer. 
 
 Sakandaralbad, use Se- 
 cujader-. 
 
 sake, a Japanese liquor, not 
 -ke, -ki. 
 
 Sakhalin Island, Siberia, 
 not Saghalien — . 
 
 sakieh, Egyptian irrigating 
 wheel, not -eeyeh, -ia. 
 
 Sakyamuni, founder of 
 Buddhism. 
 
 salaam, not -lam. 
 
 salade (Fr. f.), salad. 
 
 salami e. It. sausage, fool ; 
 pi. J, 
 
 sale (Fr.), dirty. 
 
 salS (Fr. cook.), salted. 
 
 saleable, not sala-. 
 
 Salem, Madras, Mass. 
 (U.S.A.). 
 
 Salic, not -ique. 
 
 salicylic acid. 
 
 Salimpur, India. 
 
 salle] (Fr. f.), hall ; — h 
 manger, dining-room 
 (not ital.) ; — d*attettte» 
 waiting-room. 
 
 Bally-lunn,a tea-cake (hy- 
 phen, not caps.). 
 
 salmagundi, a medley, 
 not -y. 
 
 salmis (Fr. cook, m.), a 
 hash, not -mi. 
 
 Salmon (George), 1819- 
 
 1904, math, and theol. 
 Salmond(S.D.F.), 1838- 
 
 1905, theol. 
 salmon/-parr, not -par; 
 
 peal, a salmon under 
 
 two pounds, not -peel. 
 
 salon (Fr. m.), reception- 
 room, exhibition, fashion- 
 able society. 
 
 Saloniki, Turkey, not -ica, 
 -ika. 
 
 Salop, abbr. for Shropshire 
 (no point). 
 
 Salpetri^re (La), hos- 
 pital for the insane, Paris. 
 
 salpicon (Sp. m.), cold 
 minced meat, not -9on. 
 
 salsify (bot.), not -afy. 
 
 salt-cellar (hyphen). 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah 
 (caps., no hyphen). 
 
 Saltoun (Baron). 
 
 saltpetre (one word). 
 
 saltus (Lat.), a jump ; s. 
 and //. the same. 
 
 salutary, not -ory. 
 
 salver, a tray (5^^ salvor). 
 
 Salvio gambit, a chess 
 opening. 
 
 salvo/, pi. -s, not -es. 
 
 sal volatile, ammonium 
 carb. ; pron. sal-vo-lat'i-le. 
 
 salvor,one who salves prop- 
 erty, not-er (s^^ salver). 
 
 Salzkammergut, Austria. 
 
 Sam., Samaritan, Samuel 
 (i and 2). 
 
 samarium, symbol Sm. 
 
 Samarkand, Turkestan, 
 not -cand. 
 
 Samboume (E. Linley), 
 
 1845- 
 
 Punch " artist. 
 
 S. Amer., South America, 
 
 -an. 
 Samoyed, not -oied, -oide. 
 sampan, Chinese boat, not 
 
 san-. 
 
 34a 
 
SAMPLE — SARCOMA 
 
 sampl/e, -ed, -ing. 
 
 Sampson (Dominie), in 
 " Guy Mannering," not 
 Samson. 
 
 Sami/rsi, J apa nese m ilitary 
 class (sing, and pi.). 
 
 sanatori/um, not -arium; 
 pi. -a. 
 
 sanatory, healing {see also 
 sanitary). 
 
 Sancho-Pedro, card game 
 (caps., hyphen). 
 
 sanctum/, a retreat, pi. 
 -s; — sanotorum (Lat.), 
 a special retreat, pi. 
 sancta — (not ital.). 
 
 Sand (George, not 
 Georges), Madame Dude- 
 van t, 1804-76, Fr. writer. 
 
 Eandal/, -led. 
 
 sandarach, a gum, not -ac, 
 -ak. 
 
 Sandars Keader, Camb. 
 
 Sanday (Prof.W.), 1843-, 
 theologian. 
 
 Sandeau (L. S. J.), 181 1- 
 83, Fr. writer. 
 
 Sanders (Daniel), 1819-, 
 Ger. lexicographer. 
 
 sand-paper (hyphen). 
 
 eand/piper, a bird ; -stone 
 (one word). 
 
 Sandys, pron. sandz. 
 
 sang-de-baeuf (Fr. m.), a 
 deep-red colour. 
 
 sang-fcoid, self-possession 
 (hyphen, not ital.). 
 
 sangrar (Sp. typ.), to in- 
 dent. 
 
 Sanhedrin, supreme Jew- 
 ish council, not -im. 
 
 sanitary, healthy, not -ory 
 {see also sanatory). 
 
 Saakt (Ger.), saint ; abbr, 
 
 S., pi. ss. 
 
 sannup (Amer.-Ind.), hus- 
 band of a squaw, not -op. 
 
 sanpan, use sam-. 
 
 sansj (Fr.), without; — 
 appelf without appeal ; 
 — cSr^tnottle, inform- 
 ally ; — changer, with- 
 out changing. 
 
 Sanscrit, use Sansk-. 
 
 sans-cutotte (Fr. m.), 
 ragamuffin, a revolution- 
 ist ; in Eng. one word, cap. 
 
 sans doute (Fr.), withoat 
 doubt, 
 
 Sansevieria (bot.). 
 
 sansl facon (Fr.), inform- 
 ally; — faute, without 
 fail; — g4ne, free-and- 
 easy. 
 
 Sanskrit, not -crit, abbr. 
 Skt. ; (typ.) 34 con- 
 sonants, 10 vowels, 4 diph- 
 thongs, all special forms. 
 
 "Sans Pareil" (H.M.S..) 
 (caps.). 
 
 sansj parell (Fr.), un- 
 equalled ; — peine, with- 
 out difficulty ; — peur et 
 sans reproche, fearless 
 and blameless ; —phrase, 
 without circumlocution. 
 
 sans serif (typ.), a type 
 without serifs, as this 
 (two words). 
 
 sansj souci (Fr.), without 
 cares; — iache, stainless. 
 
 Santa (It.), female saint ; 
 abbr. Sta, 
 
 Santa Claus, not — K1-. 
 
 Santa F6, Argentina, New 
 Mexico. 
 
 Santander, N. Spain (one 
 word). 
 
 Santenot, a Burgundy 
 wine. 
 
 Santos-Dumont (Alber- 
 to), 1 873-, aeronaut. 
 
 Sadne/, Fr. river, pron. sOn ; 
 Haute- — , dep. (hy- 
 phen) ; — -et- Loire, 
 d^p. (hyphens). 
 
 "Sapho," novel by Daudet, 
 opera by Gounod, 1851. 
 
 Sappho,596B.c.-?, poetess. 
 
 S.A.B. (Fr.), Son Altesse 
 Rqyale (His, or Her, 
 Royal Highness) ; pi. 
 SS.AA.RR. 
 
 Sar., Sardinia, -n. 
 
 Saragossa, Spain; in Sp. 
 Zaragoza. 
 
 sarcenet, a fabric, not sars-. 
 
 sarcom/a (path.), pi. -ata. 
 
 343 
 
SARCOPHAGUS — S.C. 
 
 sarcophag/us,/)/. -1. 
 
 Sardinia, in It. Sardegna; 
 abbr. Sar. 
 
 Sardou (Victorien), 
 
 183 1-, Fr. dramatist. 
 
 Sargeaunt (J.), writer. 
 
 Sarg/ent (J. S.), 1856-, 
 painter (see also -eant). 
 
 sari, Ind. female garment, 
 noi -ee, -y. 
 
 sarsenet, use sarc-. 
 
 Sarttm.., signature of Bp. of 
 Salisbury (full point). 
 
 S.A.S., Sodetatis Antiqua- 
 riorum Socius (Fellow of 
 the Society of Antiquaries, 
 U.S.A). 
 
 Saskatchewan (Bp. of). 
 
 sassafras (bot.),Mo/ sasse-. 
 
 Sassenach (Gael.), an 
 Englishman. 
 
 Sat., Saturday. 
 
 Satan (cap.). 
 
 Satanic (not cap.). 
 
 sateen, a fabric, not satt-. 
 
 satiner (Fr.), to calender 
 paper. 
 
 satinet, a fabric, not -ett. 
 
 satire, literary work, etc. 
 {see also satyr). 
 
 satirize, not -ise. 
 
 satrap/, fem. -ess, Pers. 
 viceroy. 
 
 Satsuma, Jap. pottery. 
 
 saturater, not -or. 
 
 Saturday, abbr. Sat. 
 
 satyr (class, myth.) {see 
 also satire). 
 
 sauce piquante (Fr. f.), 
 a sharp sauce. 
 
 Sauchiehall Street, Glas- 
 gow (two words). 
 
 saucisse (Fr. f.), fresh 
 pork sausage. 
 
 sauclsson (Fr. m.), large, 
 highly-seasoned sausage. 
 
 Sauerkraut {Ger.n.), chop- 
 ped and fermented cab- 
 bage (cap.). 
 
 saumon (Fr. m.\ salmon. 
 
 Sauuiur, a champagne. 
 
 sauti (Fr.), lightly fried. 
 
 Sauteme, a white Bor- 
 deaux wine. 
 
 sauve qui peut (Fr.), let 
 
 him save himself who can. 
 
 savarma, a plain. 
 
 Savannah, Georgia, not -a. 
 
 savant/, pi. -a ; /em. -e,pl. 
 -es. 
 
 Savigny, a red Burgundy. 
 
 Savile/, family name of 
 Earl of Mexborough; — 
 (Baron) ; — Club, — 
 Row, London; — (Sir 
 Henry), 1 549-1 622, 
 
 founder of Savilian chairs 
 at Oxford, not -ille. 
 
 savings bank (no apos.). 
 
 savolrj-faire (Fr.), skill, 
 tact; — -vivre, good 
 breeding (hyphens). 
 
 Savonarola(Q.), 1452-98, 
 It. religious reformer. 
 
 Savoyard, of Savoy. 
 
 Sax., Saxon, Saxony. 
 
 Sax (A. J.), 1814-94, in- 
 ventor of saxhorn {see 
 also Sachs, Saxe). 
 
 Saxe, in Ger. Sachsen. 
 
 Saxe (J. G.), 1816-87, 
 American writer ; — 
 (Maurice), 1696-1750, 
 Fr. marshal {see also 
 Sachs, Sax). 
 
 Saxe/- Altenburg ; — 
 -Coburg - Gotha, in 
 
 Ger. Sachsen- ; 
 
 — -Meiningen, — 
 -Weimar (hyphens). 
 
 saxhorn (one word). 
 
 Saxon/, -y, abbr. Sax. 
 
 Saye and Sele (Baron). 
 
 Sayyidpur, India. 
 
 S.B. (Amer.), Bachelor in 
 Science ; Sb, stibium 
 (antimony) ; S. B. C, 
 Southern Baptist Con- 
 vention. 
 
 S.C, South Carolina, Staff 
 Corps, Supreme Court, 
 (Lat.) Senatus Consultum 
 (a decree of the Senate), 
 (law) same case, (paper) 
 super-calendered ; Sc, 
 science, Scotch, Scots, 
 Scottish ; Sc, scandium ; 
 S.C. (typ.), small capitals ; 
 
 344 
 
SC. — SCHIROCCO 
 
 80., scene, scruple ; sc» 
 (Lat.) scilicet (namely), 
 sculpsit (he, or she, carved, 
 or engraved, it). 
 
 Scafell, highest Eng. moun- 
 tain, not -el, Scaw-. 
 
 scagliola, imitation marble, 
 not seal-. 
 
 scala, surg. instrument. 
 
 Scala (La), theatre, 
 Milan. 
 
 scalable, not -eable. 
 
 scalar (math.), a real num- 
 ber ; symbol S (no point). 
 
 scaler, one who, or that 
 which, scales. 
 
 Scaliger (J. C), 1484- 
 1558; — (J. J.)j 1540- 
 1609, scholars, father and 
 son. 
 
 scaliola, use scagl-. 
 
 scallawag, a scapegrace, 
 not scala-, scally-. 
 
 scallop *, a shell, also used 
 in cook, and dress., not 
 SCO-, escalop. 
 
 scan/, -ned, -ning. 
 
 Scand., Scandinavia, -n. 
 
 scandalize, not -ise. 
 
 scandaljum magnatum 
 (Lat.), defamation of high 
 personages, pi. -a — ; 
 abbr. scan, mag, 
 
 Scandinavia/, -n, abbr. 
 Scand. 
 
 scandium, symbol Sc. 
 
 S.C.A.P.A., Society for 
 Checking the Abuses of 
 Public Advertising. 
 
 scape/goat, -grace (one 
 word). 
 
 s.caps. (typ.), small cap- 
 itals. 
 
 scarabas/us, a beetle, not 
 -eus ; pi. -i. 
 
 Scarborough, Yorks. 
 
 Scarbrough (Earl of). 
 
 scarecrow (one word). 
 
 scarlatina, scarlet fever, 
 not scarlet-. 
 
 Scarlett, family name of 
 Baron Abinger. 
 
 scathe, to injure, not -ath ; 
 scathless, not -eless. 
 
 Sc.B., Scientise Baccalaureus 
 
 (Bachelor of Science). 
 Sc.D., Scientise Doctor 
 
 (Doctor of Science). 
 ScSlSrat (Fr. m.), a 
 
 scoundrel. 
 scenja (It., Lat.), scene 
 
 in a play or opera, pron. 
 
 shay'na; It. pi. -e, Lat. 
 
 pi. -as, 
 scenari/o, outline of a play, 
 
 pron. she-nar'io ; pl.-i, 
 schne (Fr. f.), scene, stage ; 
 
 en — , on the stage. 
 " Scenes of Clerical 
 
 Life," by George Eliot, 
 
 1858, not from, 
 sceptic, etc., not sk-. 
 sch., schooner. 
 Sehadow (J. G.), 1764- 
 
 1850 ; — (Rudolph), 
 
 1786-1822, sculptors. 
 Schafer (E. A.), 1850-, 
 
 physiologist. 
 Schaumburg-Lippe, 
 
 Ger. (hyphen). 
 Scheele*s-green (apos., 
 
 hyphen). 
 Scheffer(Ary), 1795-1858, 
 
 Fr. painter {see also 
 
 Schoe-). 
 Scheherazade, the relater 
 
 in ''Arabian Nights." 
 Scheldt, Dutch river. 
 Schelling (F. W. J.), 
 
 1775-1854, metaph. 
 scbemja (Lat.), an outline; 
 
 pi. -ata. 
 scherzfo (It. mus.), a play- 
 ful piece ; pron. skert'so, 
 
 pi. -/. 
 Schiedam Schnapps, 
 
 Holland gin (caps.). 
 Schiehallion, Mt., Perth. 
 Schiff (Ger. typ. n.), gal- 
 ley (cap.). 
 Schiller (J. C. F. von), 
 
 1 759-1805, Ger. poet. 
 Schimmelpenninck 
 
 (Mary Ann) , 1 788-1856, 
 
 writer. 
 schipperke, a breed of 
 
 dogs ; pron. skip-er'k6. 
 schirocoo, use si-. 
 
 345 
 
SCHLAGER — SCOTICE 
 
 Schlager (Ger. m.), stu- 
 dent's duelling sword 
 (cap.). 
 
 Schlagintweit, a family 
 of travellers. 
 
 Scblagwort (Ger. typ. n.), 
 catchword (cap.). 
 
 Schlechter (C), 1874-, 
 chess player. 
 
 Schleiermacher (F. E. 
 D.), 1768-1834, theol. 
 
 " Schlemihl (Peter) ,*' 
 tale by Chamisso. 
 
 Schliemann (Heinrich), 
 1822-90, Ger. archaeol. 
 
 Schloss (Ger. n.), a castle, 
 lock ;pl. Schlosser (cap. ) . 
 
 Schlussj (Ger. m.), con- 
 clusion ; — folgty con- 
 cluded in our next. 
 
 Schmutztltel (Ger. typ. 
 m.), the half-title (cap.). 
 
 Schnapps (Du.), gin, not 
 -aps. 
 
 Schoeffer (Peter), 1425- 
 1502, printer {see also 
 Sche-). 
 
 SCbolijUttJ (Lat.), a note; 
 pi. -a, abbr. schol. 
 
 Sohomburgk (Sir R. H.), 
 1804-65, traveller. 
 
 school/, abbr. S.; — board 
 (two words). 
 
 s3hool/boy, -girl, -mas- 
 ter, -mistress, -room 
 (one word). 
 
 schooner, abbr. sch. 
 
 Schopenhauer( Arthur) , 
 1788-1860, metaph. 
 
 schottische, dance, etc., 
 «o^-ich, -ish. 
 
 Scbriftj (Ger. f.), type; 
 -setzer, compositor ; 
 -Steller, author (caps.). 
 
 Schubart (Daniel), 1739- 
 91, Ger. poet. 
 
 Schubert (Pranz P.), 
 1 797- 1 828, composer. 
 
 Schulze-Delitzsch (H.), 
 1808-83, founder of Ger. 
 People's Banks. 
 
 Schumann (Robert), 
 1810 56, composer. 
 
 Schuyler (E.), 1840-90, 
 
 American writer; ptvn. 
 sky'ler. 
 Schuylkill, Pennsylvania ; 
 pron. skool'kil. 
 
 Schwalka (P.), 1849-92, 
 
 Amer. traveller. 
 Schwann (Theodor), 
 
 1810-82, cell theorist. 
 schwanpan, use shw-, 
 Schwarzwald, the Black 
 
 Forest. 
 Schweinfurt, Bavaria. 
 Schweinfurth (G. A.), 
 
 1 836-, Afr. traveller. 
 Schweinfurth/-blue, — 
 
 -green, etc. 
 Schweiz (die), Ger. for 
 
 Switzerland. 
 Schwyz, canton in Switz. 
 sciagraph, use skia-. 
 science, abbr. Sc. 
 scienter {L^i.), knowingly. 
 scilicet (Lat.), namely ; 
 
 abbr. sc, or scil. 
 scimitar*, not the many 
 
 variations. 
 Scinde, Ind., use Sind. 
 scintilla, a trace, 
 sciograph, use skia-. 
 scirocco, use si-, 
 scissel, scrap metal, not 
 
 -il, -ile, sizel. 
 S.C.Ii., Student of CivilLaw. 
 Sclav, etc., use S1-. 
 scollop, use sea-. 
 Scone, Perth ; pron. skoon. 
 scone, a soft cake, not scon, 
 
 skon ; pron. skOn. 
 score, three-, four-, etc. 
 
 (one word). 
 scori/a, slag ; pi. -89. 
 Scot, native of Scotland 
 
 {see also Scott). 
 Scot., Scotch, Scotland, 
 
 Scottish. 
 Scotch, in Eng. and Amer., 
 
 in Scotland usually Scots, 
 
 or Scottish; abbr. Sc, 
 
 or Soot, 
 scotch, to cut, or notch. 
 Scotchman, in Eng. and 
 
 Amer., in Sc. Scotsman, 
 scot-free (hyphen). 
 scotice, in a Sc. manner. 
 
 346 
 
SCOTLAND — SEA 
 
 Scotland,abbr. Scot.; N.B. 
 
 not to be used. 
 Scots/, in Scotland pre- 
 ferred to Scottish ; abbr. 
 
 Se. ; — Greys, — 
 
 Guards (no apos.). 
 Scotsman, in Scotland 
 
 preferred to Scotchman. 
 Scott (Sir Walter), 1771- 
 
 1832, writer. 
 Scotticism, a Sc. expres- 
 sion, not scoti-. 
 Scottish, not Scotish (as 
 
 in Grove's " Diet."); abbr. 
 
 Sc, or Scot. 
 SCO^ a flat-bottomed boat, 
 
 not skew, skow. 
 scrabbed egg3, use 
 
 scrambled — . 
 scratch comma, short 
 
 shilling mark /, formerly 
 
 used as a comma, 
 scratch-cradle, a game, 
 
 use cat's-cradle*. 
 scratched figures, see 
 
 figures (scratched). 
 aoTQ-w steamer, abbr. s.s. 
 scribes and Pharisees 
 
 (cap. P). 
 scrips jit (Lat.), he, or she, 
 
 wrote it ; pi. -erunt, or 
 
 -ere, 
 script (typ.), ^^ en 
 
 script., Scripture, -al. 
 
 scriptori/um, a writing 
 room ; pi. -a. 
 
 Scriptures (the) (cap.). 
 
 scrivener's palsy (apos.). 
 
 scrot/um (anat.), pi. -a. 
 
 scruple, 20 grains ; abbr. 
 sc, sign 9. 
 
 scrutator, a scrutineer. 
 
 scrutinj d* arrondisse- 
 ment (Fr. m.), voting for 
 a single candidate ; — de 
 liste, ditto group of can- 
 didates. 
 
 scrutinize, not -ise. 
 
 S.C.U., Scottish Cycling 
 Union. 
 
 SCUdjo, It. coin about 
 4s. Eng. ; pi. -1. 
 
 soulk, use sk-. 
 
 scull, oar, and form of row- 
 ing, not sk-. 
 
 sculp., sculptor, -ural, -ure. 
 
 sculpsjit (Lat.), he, or she, 
 engraved or carved it ; 
 pi. -erunt, or -ere; abbr. 
 
 sc, or sculps. 
 
 sculpture3 (titles of) 
 (typ.), when cited, to be 
 roman double-quoted. 
 
 Scutari, not Sk-. 
 
 scutcheon, use eseut-*. 
 
 Scylla and Charybdis. 
 
 scymitar, use scim-*. 
 
 S.D., Senior Deacon ; S.d., 
 shillings, pence (not ital.) ; 
 S.d., sine die (indefinite- 
 ly) ; sd. (books), sewed ; 
 S. Dak,, South Dakota 
 (offic. abbr.) ; S.D.F., 
 Social Democratic Feder- 
 ation ; S.D.U.K., Society 
 for the Diffusion of Useful 
 Knowledge. 
 
 S.E., south-east, South- 
 Eastern postal district of 
 London, Son Excellence 
 (Fr.) (His Excellency). 
 
 S/E., Stock Exchange. 
 
 S.]6., (Fr.) Son Eminence 
 (His Eminence). 
 
 Se, selenium. 
 
 sea, when with name, to 
 be cap., as North Sea, 
 Sea of Marmora. 
 
 seafar/er, -ing (one word). 
 
 Seafield (Earl of). 
 
 Seaford, Sussex. 
 
 Seaforde, Co. Down. 
 
 sea/-going, -guU, -kale 
 (hyphens). 
 
 Seal, Sevenoaks. 
 
 Seale, Farnham, Surrey. 
 
 sea-level (hyphen). 
 
 sealing-wax (hyphen). 
 
 seamstress, not semp-. 
 
 stance, a sitting (not ital.). 
 
 sea/port, -scape (one 
 word). 
 
 sear, not sere. 
 
 sea-serpent (hyphen). 
 
 347 
 
SEASHOBE — SEL 
 
 seashore (law), the land 
 between high and low 
 water (one word). 
 
 sea-sickness (hyphen). 
 
 seaside (one word). 
 
 Sebastopol, not Sev-. 
 
 sec, secant, second, -s, 
 secretary. 
 
 sec, see secundum. 
 
 second (adj.), abbr. 2nd, 
 not 2d. 
 
 second/, -s, abbr. s., or 
 sec; — mark, " {see 
 also secund). 
 
 seconde (Fr. f.), a fencing 
 parry, (rail.) second class, 
 (typ.) second proof. 
 
 second-hand (hyphen). 
 
 second mark (typ.), " ; 
 also symbol for inches. 
 
 secrecy, not -sy. 
 
 sec. reg., secundum regu- 
 lam (according to rule). 
 
 secretaire, a writing-table 
 (not ital.). 
 
 Secr6tan (Charles), 
 
 1815-95, Swiss philos- 
 opher. 
 
 secretariat, a secretary's 
 office, not -ate. 
 
 Secretary, head of State 
 department (cap.). 
 
 secretary, a writer ; abbr. 
 sec. 
 
 secretory, of secretion. 
 
 section (typ.), a chapter 
 subdivision, abbr. S.,sect., 
 or § ; — mark, §, fourth 
 ref. mark for foot-notes in 
 math, works ; pL §§. 
 
 seculari25e, not -ise. 
 
 secund (bioL), on one side 
 only {see also second). 
 
 Secunderabad, Ind., not 
 Sakandar-, Sikander-. 
 
 secundum] (Lat.), accord- 
 ing to, abbr. sec ; — 
 artem, ditto art, abbr. 
 sec. art. ; — legem, 
 ditto law, abbr. sec. leg. ; 
 — naturam, naturally, 
 abbr. sec. nat. ; — quid, 
 in some respects only ; — 
 regulam, according to 
 
 rule, abbr. sec. reg. ; 
 secundum veritatem, 
 
 univiersally valid. 
 se defendendo (Lat.), in 
 
 defending himself, or her- 
 self. 
 sederunt (Lat.), a meeting, 
 
 or sitting. 
 Sedgemoor, Somerset ; 
 
 — (battle of), 1685 (one 
 
 word). 
 Sedgwick (Adam), 1785- 
 
 1873, geologist {see also 
 
 Sidg-). 
 Sedlitz powder, use 
 
 Sei . 
 
 seducible. 
 
 sSduisantI (Fr.), /em. -e, 
 
 bewitching. 
 See (the Holy), the Papal 
 
 Court; see (verb), abbr. S. 
 Seeley (Sir J. R.), 1834- 
 
 95, writer. 
 Seely (Sir Charles), 
 
 1833-. 
 see-saw (hyphen). 
 seethe, to boil, not -th. 
 Sefton (Earl of), 
 segnior, see seigneur, 
 
 signor. 
 seiche, certain lake waves ; 
 
 in Fr. S^che, pron. sash. 
 Seidenpapier (Ger. n.), 
 
 tissue paper (cap.). 
 Seidlitz powder, not Sed-. 
 seigneur (Fr. m.), a person 
 
 of rank. 
 Seine/-et-Marne, et- 
 
 Oise, — -Inf§rieure, 
 
 Fr. deps. (hyphens), 
 seise (law), not -ze. 
 seisin (Sc. law), taking 
 
 possession. 
 Seitje (Ger. f.), a page, 
 
 abbr. S, ; pi. -en, abbr. 
 
 SS. (cap.). 
 Seitenzahl (Ger. f.), a 
 
 page-number (cap.), 
 seize, to grasp {see also 
 
 seise). 
 sSJour (Fr. m.), sojourn. 
 Sekunderabad, use Seo»# 
 sel., selected. 
 sel (Fr. m.), salt. 
 
 348 
 
SEI,. — SEPTEMVIR 
 
 se/. (Ger.), seltg (deceased, 
 late). 
 
 Selbome (Earl of) {see 
 also Shelbume). 
 
 •* Selborno (Natural 
 History of)," by Gilbert 
 White, 1789. 
 
 Selden Society. 
 
 selector, not -er. 
 
 selenium, symbol Se. 
 
 selfsame (one word). 
 
 seUg{Gev.\ deceased, late; 
 abbr, se/. 
 
 setle de mouton (Fr. f.), 
 saddle of mutton. 
 
 seller's option, abbr. s.o. 
 
 Sellindge, Hythe. 
 
 Selling, Faversham. 
 
 selott les rhgles (Fr.), 
 according to the rules. 
 
 Selous (P. C), 185 1-, Afr. 
 traveller ; pron. se-loo'. 
 
 Selsey, Sussex, not -sea. 
 
 selvedge, not -age. 
 
 Selw., Selwyn Coll., Camb. 
 
 Selwin-Ibbetson, family 
 name of Baron Rook- 
 wood. 
 
 Sem., Semitic. 
 
 sem., semicolon. 
 
 semeio/graphy, -logy, 
 -tics, science of symp- 
 toms, not semio-. 
 
 sem/ (Lat.), half; abbr. s. 
 
 semi-barbar/ian, -ic, 
 -ism, -ous (hyphen). 
 
 semicircle (one word). 
 
 semicolon (one word), 
 abbr. sem. ; in Ger. 
 Strlchpunkt (see punc- 
 tuation, XXII). 
 
 semiology, use semeiol-. 
 
 Semite, not Sh-. 
 
 Semitic, abbr. Sem. 
 
 setup. (It. mus.), sempre 
 (the same style through- 
 out). 
 
 semper] eadem (Lat. f. 
 s., and n. pi.), always 
 the same ; — fidelis, al- 
 ways faithful, pi. — fi- 
 deles; — idem (m. and 
 n. sing.), always the same. 
 
 Sempill (Baron). 
 
 sempre (It. mus.), the 
 
 same style throughout ; 
 
 abbr. semp. 
 sempstress, use seams-. 
 Sen., Senate, -or, senior. 
 sen, (It), senza (without). 
 sen, 7ioo of Jap. gold yen : 
 
 about ^/a Eng. penny. 
 Senat/e, -or, abbr. Sen. 
 Senatus (Lat.), the Senate. 
 Senatus Academicus, 
 
 the governing body in Sc. 
 
 universities (notital.). 
 Senatus Consultum, a 
 
 decree of the Senate ; 
 
 abbr. S.C. 
 S6n6gal, Fr. W. Afr.; in 
 
 Eng. no accents. 
 senborj (Port.), Mr. ; few. 
 
 -a. 
 senior, abbr. sen. 
 seniores priores (Lat.), 
 
 elders first. 
 se non d veto, d ben 
 
 trovatO (It.), if it be not 
 
 true, it is well invented. 
 senorj (Sp.), Mr. ; -es, 
 
 Messrs. ; -a, Mrs. ; -/^a. 
 
 Miss. 
 sensible, in Fr. sensje, 
 
 fern. -Se. 
 sensible (Fr.), sensitive. 
 sensorijum (Lat.), pL -a. 
 sensualize, not -ise. 
 sentimentalize, not -ise. 
 senza (It.), without ; abbr. 
 
 sen, 
 S,e,0,0. (Fr.), sau/ erreur 
 
 ou omission (errors or 
 
 omissions excepted). 
 Seoul, cap. of Korea, not 
 
 Seul, Soul, 
 separator, not -er. 
 separatrix (typ.), the 
 
 diagonal stroke, used in 
 
 proof correction to mark 
 
 and separate alterations, 
 separat/um (typ.), a 
 
 reprint of one of a series 
 
 of papers ; pi. -a. 
 sepoy (not cap.). 
 Sept., September, Septua- 
 
 gint, not Sep. 
 septemvirf (Lat.), pi. -/. 
 
 349 
 
SEPTICEMIA — SEXAGESIMA 
 
 septicsBinia, blood-poison- 
 ing, Hoi -emia. 
 septimana (Lat.), a week. 
 Septuagesima Sunday, 
 
 third before Lent. 
 Septuagint/, abbr. Sept. ; 
 — Version, abbr. XjXX 
 (no point), 
 sept/um, />/. -a. 
 Sepulchre (Church of 
 St.), not -'s. 
 
 sepultUS (Lat.), buried ; 
 
 abbr. S. 
 seq., sequens (the follow- 
 ing), sequente (and in 
 what follows), sequitur 
 (it follows) ; seqq., se- 
 quentes, sequentia (the fol- 
 lowing), sequentibus (in 
 the following places). 
 
 sequel j a (Lat.), a result; 
 pi. -as, 
 
 sequenjs (Lat. m. f. n. 
 sing.), the following, abbr. 
 seq, ; -te, and in what 
 follows, abbr. seq, ; -tes 
 (Lat. m. and f. pi.), 
 'iia (n. pi.), the following, 
 abbr. seqq. ; -tibus, in 
 the following places, abbr. 
 seqq, 
 
 sequitur (Lat.) f it follows ; 
 abbr. seq, 
 
 S.E.R., South-Eastern 
 
 Railway, now S.E. & 
 C.R. 
 
 sSracj (Fr. m.), of a glacier ; 
 pi. -s, 
 
 seraglio/, a harem ; pwn. 
 se-ral'yo, pi. -S. 
 
 seraph/, pi. -s; Heb. pi. 
 -im, «o/ -ims. 
 
 Serb., Serbian. 
 
 sere, use sear. 
 
 serecloths, use cere-*. 
 
 serge, large candle, use 
 cierge*. 
 
 Sergeant, use Seij-. 
 
 Sergeant (Miss Adeline), 
 writer (see also S&rg-). 
 
 seriatim (Lat.), serially. 
 
 series, abbr. S. 
 
 serif (typ.), the short fine 
 lines at the ends of the 
 
 terminating strokes of 
 rom. and ital. type. 
 
 Seringapatam, Mysore. 
 
 serio-comic (hyphen). 
 
 Serjeant, not Serg- j abbr. 
 Seij. 
 
 sermonize, not -ise. 
 
 serra (Port.), sierra, moun- 
 tain range. 
 
 ser/um, pi. -a. 
 
 Serv., Servia, -n. 
 
 serviceable, not -cable. 
 
 serviette (Fr. f.), a napkin, 
 a towel (not ital.). 
 
 servitor, not -er. 
 
 sesquipedalia verba 
 (Lat.), very long words. 
 
 sess., session. 
 
 Session (Court of), su- 
 preme Sc. Court, not 
 
 Sessions ; — (Parlia- 
 mentary) (caps.). 
 
 sestet, not sex-. 
 
 set, abbr. s. 
 
 set-off" (typ.), the transfer 
 of ink from one printed 
 sheet to another (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 Settlement (Stock Ex.) 
 (cap.). 
 
 settler, one who settles 
 (see settlor). 
 
 settlor (law), one who 
 makes a settlement (see 
 settler). 
 
 set-up (typ.), to compose 
 (hyphen). 
 
 Setzer(Ger. typ. m.),a com- 
 positor ; Sete/e/l/er(m.), 
 a printer's error. 
 
 Seul, Korea, use Seoul. 
 
 Sevastopol, use Seb-. 
 
 Sevenoaks, Kent (one 
 word). 
 
 S6vign6 (Madame de), 
 1626-96, Fr. writer. 
 
 Sevres porcelain. 
 
 sewed (binding), books 
 sewed and pasted in paper 
 covers ; abbr. sd. 
 sewin, salmon-trout, not 
 -en. 
 
 Sexagesima Sunday, 
 the second before Lent. 
 
 350 
 
SEXTERN — SHEPPEY 
 
 sextem (typ.), six sheets 
 of paper. 
 
 sextet, use ses-. 
 
 sexto (typ.), a book in 
 which the sheets are 
 folded into six (a half- 
 sheet of twelves), usually 
 9x7^3 in., abbr. 6to; 
 sexto-deoimo, ditto into 
 sixteen, usually 7x5 in. 
 (hyphen), abbr. 16ino, 
 read sixteenmo. 
 
 sexualize, not -ise. 
 
 S.P.A., Scottish Football 
 Association. 
 
 sforzlando, -ato (It. 
 mus.), with sudden em- 
 phasis on a chord or note ; 
 abbr. sfz, 
 
 S.G., Solicitor-General. 
 
 Sganarelle, a character 
 in Moliere's comedies. 
 
 S.g.d.g. (Fr.), sans garantie 
 du gouvementent (with- 
 out Government guar- 
 antee). 
 
 *s Gravenhage, Dutch for 
 The Hague. 
 
 shadoof, Egypt, water- 
 raising apparatus, not 
 -uf. 
 
 shagreen, tanned skin of 
 fish, sharks, etc. 
 
 Shahabad, Bengal, Bom- 
 bay, Kashmir, Punjab. 
 
 Shairp (Prin. J. C), 
 1819-85, writer. 
 
 Shakespear/e(Williani), 
 1564-1616, abbr. Shak. ; 
 -ean, not the many varia- 
 tions. 
 
 Shakespeare Society 
 (the), but the New 
 Shakspere Society. 
 
 shako/, mil. head-dress, not 
 sch- ; pi. -s. 
 
 shallot*, a kind of onion, 
 not esch-, sch-, schalot. 
 
 shammy - leather, use 
 chamois *. 
 
 shandrydan, a rickety 
 conveyance, Ko/-dery-. 
 
 Shanghai, China. 
 
 shan't (typ.), to be close 
 
 up, one apos. only, first 
 
 omission being unmarked. 
 shapeable, not -pable. 
 shareholder (one word). 
 sharp (mus.), sign %. 
 Sharp (Becky), in" Vanity 
 
 Fair"; — (Granville), 
 
 1734-1813, abolitionist ; 
 
 — (James), 1618-79, 
 
 architect. 
 Sharpe(C.K.),i78i-i85i, 
 
 virtuoso; — (Samuel), 
 
 1799-1881, Bib. scholar, 
 shaykh, use sheikh, 
 sheaf, />/. sheaves, 
 shear, to cut {see also 
 
 sheer), 
 shearwater, a bird (one 
 
 word). 
 sheath (noun). 
 sheathe (verb), 
 shebeen (Irish), unlicensed 
 
 house selling spirits, 
 sheer-hulk, not shear-. 
 Sheer Thursday, not 
 
 Shere — . 
 sheet (typ.), one of the 
 
 separate pieces of definite 
 
 size in which paper is 
 
 made, 
 sheets (in) (typ.), not 
 
 folded, or if folded not 
 
 bound. 
 Sheffield (Earl of), 
 sheikh (Arab.), a chief, 
 
 not -ik, -yk. 
 shekan^^, use shikaree. 
 Shelburne (Earl of) (see 
 
 also Selborne). 
 sheldrake, not shell-, 
 shellac, a gum, not -ack, 
 
 shelac, shelack. 
 Shelley (Percy Bysshe), 
 
 1792-1822, poet, 
 shelv/e, -ing, -y. 
 Shemite, use Semite. 
 Shepheard*sHotel, Cairo. 
 Shepherd's Bush, Lon- 
 don. 
 shepherd's/ dog, — purse 
 
 (apos.). 
 Sheppard (Jack), 170a- 
 
 24, highwayman. 
 Sheppey (Isle of). 
 
 351 
 
SHEPTON — SIDE 
 
 SheptonMalletjSomerset. 
 Sheraton (Thomas\ 
 
 1751-1806, furniture 
 
 designer. 
 Sherborn (C. Davies), 
 
 author of " Index Ani- 
 
 malium"; — (C. W.), 
 
 engraver. 
 Sherborne (Baron). 
 Sherborne, Dorset, Glos. 
 Sherbourne, Warwick. 
 Sherburn, Dur, Yorks. 
 Shere Thursday, use 
 
 Sheer — . 
 sheriff Mohammedan title, 
 
 not -eef. 
 sheriff, county officer. 
 Sherpur, India. 
 she\?v^, use show except in 
 
 So. law, and Bib. and 
 
 Prayer Book citations. 
 shewbread, except in 
 
 Scrip, use show-, 
 sheyk, use sheikh, 
 shieling. Highland hut. 
 Shifnal, Salop. 
 Shiites, followers of AH. 
 shikaree (Ind.), a hunter, 
 
 not the many variations ; 
 
 pron. shi-kar^6. 
 Shikarpur, India. 
 shillelagh, Irish cudgel, 
 
 not the many variations. 
 shilling/, -s, abbr. s. (not 
 
 ital.) or I- ; — mark 
 
 (typO, /• 
 shilly-shally/, -ing. 
 Shintiyan, loose trousers 
 
 of Moslem women. 
 Shinto/, -ism, indigenous 
 
 Jap. religion, «o/Sintoo,-u. 
 ship/building, -owner, 
 
 -shape (one word). 
 ships* names (typ.), to be 
 
 roman double-quoted, and 
 
 not italic. 
 Shipston - on - Stour, 
 
 Worcs (hyphens). 
 Shire/brook, Derby ; 
 
 -coates, Notts ; -hamp- 
 
 ton, Glos ; -newton. 
 
 Men (one word). 
 shoe/, -ing. 
 Sholapur, Bombay. 
 
 Shooter's Hill, Kent, 
 short/ and (typ.), the 
 
 ampersand, & ; — letters, 
 
 a, e, etc. 
 short/ ton, 2000 lb. ; abbr. 
 
 s.t.; — vowel (typ.), «, e, 
 
 etc. 
 shoulder - notes (typ. ), 
 
 marginal notes at the top 
 
 outer corner of the page, 
 shouldst (typ.), to be close 
 
 up, no apos. 
 shovel/, -led, -ler, -ling, 
 
 -ful, pi. -fuls. 
 show, see shew, 
 showbread, shew- only 
 
 in Scrip. 
 showroom (one word), 
 shrillness, 
 shrivel/, -led, -ling. 
 Shropshire, abbr. Salop 
 
 (no point). 
 Shrovetide, from the Sat. 
 
 evening before to Ash 
 
 Wednesday morning. 
 S.H.S., Societatis Historian 
 
 Socius (Fellow of the 
 
 Historical Society). 
 shumac, use sumac. 
 S.h.V., sub hac voce or hoc 
 
 verbo (under this word). 
 shwanpatl, Chxnese abacus, 
 shy/, -ly, -ness, not shi-. 
 S.I., Sandwich Islands, 
 
 Seine-Inferieure, Staten 
 
 Island (N.Y.). 
 Si, silicon. 
 
 sialogogue, not siala-. 
 Sib., Siberia, -n. 
 sibilant, 
 sibyl/, a prophetess ; -line 
 
 {see also Sybil). 
 Sic, Sicily, -ian. 
 [sic\ (Lat.), thus, so (print 
 
 in brackets). 
 sice, use syce. 
 sicilienne (h la), (Fr.), 
 
 in Sicilian style (not cap.). 
 sic passim (Lat.), thus, 
 
 here and there. 
 Sicut ante (Lat.), as before, 
 side-notes (typ.), those in 
 
 the outer margin, same as 
 
 marginal notes (hyphen). 
 
 35a 
 
SIDEWALK — SIN 
 
 sidewalk, the footpath 
 (one word). 
 
 Sidgwick (Henry), 1838- 
 1900, writer on ethics 
 {see also Se-). 
 
 Sidi, a negro, not Siddee, 
 Seedy. 
 
 sihcle (Fr. m.), century ; 
 abbr. S. 
 
 SiegfWed, a " Nibehmgen- 
 lied " hero, not Sig-. 
 
 Slehe (Gen), see ; abbr. S. 
 
 Sienkiewicz (Henryk), 
 1846-, Polish writer. 
 
 Sienna, in It. Siena. 
 
 siesta/ (Sp.), pL -s. 
 
 Sieveking (Sir E. H.), 
 1816-1904, physician. 
 
 Si fait! (Fr.), yes, indeed ! 
 
 Slg., Signor, -i. 
 
 sig., signature. 
 
 Sigfried, use Sieg-. 
 
 sigilijum (Lat.), a seal ; pi. 
 -a, pron, si-jil'-. 
 
 sign/, -ed, abbr. s. 
 
 signal/, -ize, -led, -ler, 
 -ling, -ly. 
 
 signatory, not -ary. 
 
 signature/ (mus.), the key 
 sign at beginning of the 
 stave ; (typ.) to an article 
 or document, usually in 
 caps, and s.caps. ; — of 
 sheets, usually s.caps. at 
 foot of first page of sheet, 
 three ems from eitherside, 
 or in centre. Begin text 
 with B, and omit j, v, w. 
 When the alphabet is 
 exhausted, duplicate the 
 letters as 2 a, 3 a, etc. 
 The American plan of 
 nuntbering the sheets i, 
 2, 3, etc., is recom- 
 mended ; it is simpler, 
 and has been adopted 
 in many recent English 
 books. Abbr. sig. 
 
 signed, abbr. s. 
 
 Signor] (It.), Mr., pi. -/, 
 abbr. Sig. ; -a, Mrs., pi. 
 -e; -ina, Miss, pi. -ine, 
 
 signs, see ecclesiastical, 
 proof corr. marks, etc. 
 
 Sikanderabad, India, use 
 
 Secund-. 
 Sikes (Bill), in ''Oliver 
 
 Twist," not Sy-. 
 Sikkim, E. Himalayas. 
 Silbe (Ger. f.), syllable 
 
 . (cap.), 
 siliceous, not -ious. 
 silicon, symbol Si. 
 sillabub, not silli-, sy-. 
 Sillery, a champagne, 
 sillometer, a speed 
 
 measurer, not silo-. 
 
 silvan, use sy-. 
 
 silver, symbol Ag (ar- 
 gentuni). 
 
 s*il vous plait (Fr.), if you 
 please ; abbr. s.v.p. 
 
 S.I.M., Serjeant Instructor 
 of Musketry. 
 
 simile/, a resemblance ; pi. 
 -s, not -ies. 
 
 simile (It. mus.), in the 
 same manner. 
 
 similia similibus curan- 
 tur (Lat.), like cures like. 
 
 similiter (Lat.), in like 
 manner. 
 
 simitar, use scimitar*. 
 
 Simla, Punjab. 
 
 Simms (W. G.), 1806-70, 
 American writer {see also 
 Sims). 
 
 simoom, not -oon. 
 
 Simpkin, Marshall, & 
 Co., litd., booksellers, 
 London. 
 
 simpliciter (Lat.), abso- 
 lutely, without qualifica- 
 tion. 
 
 Simpson (Sir J. Y.), 
 181 1-70, first used chloro- 
 form as anaesthetic ; — 
 (Thomas), 1710-61, 
 math, {see also Simson). 
 
 Sims (G. B,.), 1847-, 
 pen-name " Dagonet " 
 {see also Simms). 
 
 Simson (Hobert), 1687- 
 1768, editor of "Euclid" 
 {see also Simpson). 
 
 simulacrjum (Lat.), an 
 image ; pi. -a, 
 
 sin, sine (no point). 
 353 23 
 
SIN. — SKAGER 
 
 sJn, (It. mus.), sinistra 
 (left hand). 
 
 Sind, Bombay, not -e, -h, 
 Scinde. 
 
 Sindbad, the sailor, not 
 Sinb-. 
 
 Sindhia of Gwalior 
 (Maharajah). 
 
 Sindi/, Sind native ; pi. -s. 
 
 sine (math.), abbr. sin. 
 
 sine] (Lat.), without ; — 
 anno, without the date, 
 abbr. s.a, ; — cura, 
 without office ; — die, 
 without a day (being 
 named), abbr. s.d. ; — 
 dubio, — doubt; — 
 invldia, — envy; — 
 loco, anno, vel nom- 
 ine, — place, year, or 
 name, abbr. s.I.a.n, ; — 
 loco et anno, — place 
 and date (said of books 
 without imprints) ; — 
 mora, — delay ; — 
 nomine, — (printer's) 
 name, abbr. S.n, — Odio, 
 — hatred ; — prole, — 
 issue, abbr. S.p. ; — qua 
 non, an indispensable 
 condition, not — qua — . 
 
 sing., singular. - 
 
 Singakademie, Berlin 
 (f., one word, cap.). 
 
 Singalese, use Cin- *. 
 
 Singapore, Straits Settle- 
 ments. 
 
 Singapur, Madras {see also 
 Singh-). 
 
 sing/e, -ed, -eing. 
 
 Singh, Ind. title, as Ran- 
 jit Singh, not -ng. 
 
 Singhalese, use Cinga- *. 
 
 Singhpur, Bombay, and 
 Central Prov. {see also 
 Singa-). 
 
 singlllatim (Lat.), one 
 by one. 
 
 singular, abbr. s., or 
 sing. 
 
 Sinhalese, use Cinga-*. 
 
 sinistra (It. mus.), left 
 hand ; abbr. S., or sin. 
 
 sinus, a fold ; pi. same. 
 
 Sioux, N. Amer. Indian ; 
 pi. same, pron. soo. 
 
 siphojn, not sy-. 
 
 si quis (Lat), if anyone. 
 
 Sir, (typ.) for printed let- 
 ters to be indented one 
 em ; if a line by itself, 
 caps, and s.caps. (cap., 
 comma, no dash). 
 
 Sirdar, commander of 
 Egyptian army. 
 
 siren, a sea nymph, also 
 steam whistle, not sy-. 
 
 sirocco, not sc-. 
 
 sirup, use sy-. 
 
 sister-in-law (hyphens). 
 
 Sistine Chapel, etc., not 
 Six-. 
 
 Sisyph/us, -ean. 
 
 sit (Lat.), let it be so. 
 
 Sitapur, Oudh. 
 
 situs (Lat. s. and pi.), a site. 
 
 Siwalik Hills, India, not 
 Siv-. 
 
 Six Mile Bottom, Cambs 
 (three words). 
 
 Sixmilebridge, Clare (one 
 word). 
 
 sixte, a fencing parry, etc. 
 
 sixteenmo (typ.), a book 
 with sixteen leaves to the 
 sheet, usually about 7x5 
 in. (one word), a sexto- 
 decimo; abbr. 16mo. 
 
 sixty-fourmo(typ.), abook 
 with sixty-four leaves to 
 the sheet, usually about 
 3V2X2V4 in- (hyphen); 
 abbr. 64mo (no point). 
 
 sizable, not -eable. 
 
 sizar, an assisted student. 
 
 size copy (binding), a 
 dummy of blank paper 
 to show size of bound 
 book. 
 
 sizes of type, see type, 
 and the various names. 
 
 S. J., Society of Jesus (Je- 
 suits). 
 
 S.J.C. (U.S.A.), Supreme 
 Judicial Court. 
 
 Skager-Rack, North Sea 
 (caps., hyphen), not the 
 many variations. 
 
 354 
 
SKBAN — S.M.D. 
 
 skean-dhu, Scotch dirk. 
 
 skee, see ski. 
 
 skein, of silk, etc. , not -ain, 
 
 -ean. 
 skeleton type, a face of typ« 
 
 •with thin light iines, u this. 
 
 skeptic, use so-. 
 
 Skerryvore lighthouse. 
 
 ski/, a runner attached to 
 the foot for snow, not 
 skee ; pi. -S, pron. skee. 
 
 skiagraph. X-ray photo- 
 graph, not scia-, scio-, 
 skio-. 
 
 Ski-ing, using skis (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 skilful, not skill-. 
 
 skinflint, a miser (one 
 word). 
 
 skiver (binding), the grain 
 side of a split sheep- 
 skin. 
 
 Skt., Sanskrit. 
 
 skulk, not SC-. 
 
 skull, to row, use sc-. 
 
 skull -less (hyphen, 3 T%). 
 
 Skuptschina, Servian 
 National Assembly. 
 
 Skutari, use Sc-. 
 
 Skye terrier (cap. 5). 
 
 skyey, not skiey. 
 
 S.L., serjeant-at-law. 
 
 slaked lime, not slack . 
 
 Slamannan, Stirlingshire 
 
 (3 «'s). 
 
 S.I.S,tt,, sine loco, anno, vel 
 nomine (without place, 
 date, or name). 
 
 slap-dash, off-hand (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 S. lat., south latitude. 
 
 Slatin (Sir Rudolf C), 
 1 85 7-, — Slatin Pasha 
 — Insp.-Gen. of Sudan. 
 
 Slav/ic, -onian, -onic, of 
 the Slavs, not Sc- ; abbr. 
 Slav (no point). 
 
 sld., sailed. 
 
 sled, sledge, a sleigh for 
 merchandise. 
 
 sleigh, a carriage on run- 
 ners for snow. 
 
 sleight, of hand, not sli-. 
 
 sleuth-hound (hyphen). 
 
 slew round, use slue — . 
 
 slip proofs, see proof, 
 galley or slip. 
 
 slipshod (one word). 
 
 Sloan (Tod), Am er. jockey. 
 
 Sloane (Sir Hans), 1660- 
 1753, naturalist. 
 
 sloid, manual training, not 
 -jd, -yd. 
 
 sloping fractions (typ.), 
 those with an oblique 
 stroke as '^{^ {see also frac- 
 tions). 
 
 sloth (zool.). 
 
 Slough, near Windsor ; 
 pron. as in how. 
 
 slough, to shed ; pron. sluf. 
 
 sloyd, use sloid. 
 
 S.I. p., sine legitima prole 
 (without lawful issue). 
 
 slu/e round, to rotate, not 
 slew — ; -ing. 
 
 slyly, not sli-. 
 
 slype, the passage between 
 south transept and chap- 
 ter house. 
 
 S.M., Senior Magistrate, 
 Serjeant- or Staff-Major, 
 Short Metre, Sons of 
 Malta, State MiHtia, (Fr.) 
 Sa Majeste\ (Ger.) Seine 
 Majestdt, {\\..)Sua Maestd, 
 (Sp.) Su Magestad (His 
 Majesty). 
 
 Sm, samarium. 
 
 small capitals, see capi- 
 tals (small). 
 
 small paper (typ.), the 
 ordinary copies of a book 
 of which a large-paper 
 edition is issued ; abbr. 
 S.P. 
 
 small pica (typ.), a size 
 of type as this. Ten 
 and a half point and 
 seven lines to the 
 inch ; abbr. s.p. 
 
 smallpox (one word). 
 Smalls, Oxford <* Respon. 
 
 sions" Examination. 
 S.M.D. (mus.), Short Metre 
 
 Double, 
 
 355 
 
 23 ♦ 
 
S.M.E. — soil. 
 
 S.M.E., Sanda Mater 
 
 Ecclesia (Holy Mother 
 
 Church), School of Mili- 
 tary Engineering. 
 Smelfungus, Sterne's 
 
 name for Smollett (one /). 
 smelling-salts (hyphen), 
 smell-less (hyphen). 
 smelt, not smelled. 
 sm.elt, a small sea fish {see 
 
 also smolt). 
 S.M.I. (Fr.), Sa Majeste 
 
 Imperiale (His, or Her, 
 
 Imperial Majesty). 
 Smijth(Sir W. Bowyer-), 
 
 1840-. 
 Sm.ith (Sir Sidney), 1 764- 
 
 1840, defend, of St. Jean 
 
 d'Acre ; — (Sydney), 
 
 1771-1845, wit. 
 Smithsonian Institu- 
 
 tioii,Washington, U.S.A.; 
 
 abbr. Smith. Inst. 
 S.M.M., Sanda Mater Maria 
 
 (Holy Mother Mary). 
 smok/e, -able, -y. 
 Smollett (Tobias G.), 
 
 i72i(?)-7i, writer, 
 smolt, a young salmon {see 
 
 also smelt), 
 smooth/, -s, not -e, -es. 
 smoulder, not smol-. 
 S.m.p., sine mascula prole 
 
 (without male issue). 
 S.M.S. (Gen), Seiner Ma- 
 
 jestat Schiffiiiis Majesty's 
 
 Ship). 
 Smyly (Sir P. C), 1838- 
 
 1904, surgeon. 
 Smyrniot, of Smyrna. 
 Smyth (Sir H. A.), 1825-, 
 
 General. 
 Smythe (Sir J.W.), 1827-. 
 Sn, stannum (tin). 
 S.n., sine nomine (without 
 
 name). 
 snapdragon (one word). 
 snead, a scythe handle, not 
 
 the many variations. 
 Sneyd, pron. sneed. 
 snivel/, -led, -ling, 
 snow (naut.), abbr. s. 
 S.O., Stationery Office, 
 
 sub-office. 
 
 S.O., seller's option. 
 
 So-aijid-so (Mr.), (cap., 
 hyjihens). 
 
 Soane's (Sir John) mu- 
 seum. 
 
 Sobranje, Bulgarian Na- 
 tional Assembly, not -ye. 
 
 sobriquet, not soub- (not 
 ital. ) ; pron. sO'bre-ka. 
 
 Soc, Society, Socrates. 
 
 so-called (hyphen only in 
 adjectival form). 
 
 Socialist (cap.) ; abbr. (S.) 
 
 socialize, not -ise. 
 
 SOclStSj (Fr. f.), society; 
 
 — anonyme, limited 
 liability company; SO' 
 cietS des Bibliophiles 
 francois, founded 1820, 
 not franpais (I.e./). 
 
 Society, abbr. S., or Soc. 
 
 socio!., sociology. 
 
 Soc. IsL, Society Islands. 
 
 SOciusj (Lat.), Fellow, As- 
 sociate, abbr. S. ; — cri- 
 minis, associate in crime. 
 
 Socotra, Indian Ocean, not 
 -ora, Sok-. 
 
 Socrates, 469-399 e.g., not 
 Sok-. 
 
 sodium, symbol Na {na- 
 trium). 
 
 Sodom and Gomor/rah, 
 Old T. ; in New T. -rha. 
 
 Sodor and Man (Bp. of). 
 
 soeur de chariti (Fr. f.), 
 a Sister of Mercy. 
 
 soffit, under-surface of arch. 
 
 Sofi, use Sufi. 
 
 S. of M., School of Mus- 
 ketry ; S. of T., Sons of 
 Temperance. 
 
 SOfta, Moham. student. 
 
 sogenannt (Ger.), so- 
 called ; abbr. SOg, 
 
 soi-disant, self-styled (hy- 
 phen, not ital.). 
 
 soiree/, an evening party ; 
 
 — dansante, ditto with 
 dancing ; — musicale, 
 ditto music (not ital.). 
 
 Sokrates, use Soc-. 
 Sol (Lat.), the sun (cap.). 
 Sol., Solomon. 
 
 356 
 
sol., solicitor, solution. 
 solan goose, the gannet, 
 
 not -and, -en, -ent. 
 solati/um (Lat.), compen- 
 sation ; pL -a. 
 sola topee (Ind.), a sun 
 
 helmet, not solar-. 
 SOldjO, It. halfpenny ; pi. -L 
 solecize, not -ise. 
 solemnize, not -ise. 
 solen, a mollusc. 
 sol-fa (mus.) (hyphen). 
 Solicitor- General (caps., 
 
 hyphen); abbr.Sol.-Qen. 
 solicitude, in Fr. f. soli-. 
 solid (typ.), matter set 
 
 without leads. 
 SOlidaritS (Fr. f.), soli- 
 darity. 
 soHd/us (Lat.), shilling ; 
 
 pi. -i, abbr. s. (not ital.) ; 
 
 (typ. ) the shilli ng stroke, / ; 
 
 also used for fractions, 
 soliloquize, not -ise. 
 solmization (mus.), not 
 
 -sation. 
 sol/o, abbr. s. ; pi. -OS, It. 
 
 mus. pi. -/. 
 SOljUS (theat.), /em. -a, 
 
 alone, 
 solvable, not -cable, -ible. 
 Somaliland (one word). 
 somebody, somehoTtr 
 
 (one word). 
 some one (two words). 
 Somerby, Leics, Lines, 
 somersault, not -set. 
 Somersby, Lines, birth- 
 place of Tennyson, 
 some/thing, -what, 
 
 -'where (one word). 
 SOmme (Fr. m.), sleep ; (f.) 
 
 a sum. 
 Son (the), as Deity (cap.). 
 son, abbr. s. 
 sonata/ (mus.), pi. -s. 
 Sondes (Earl, not of). 
 Song of Solomon, abbr. 
 
 Song of Sol. 
 songa (titles of) (typ.), 
 
 when cited, to be roman 
 
 double-quoted, 
 son-in-law (hyphens) ; pi. 
 
 sons . 
 
 SOI.. — SOUTH 
 
 Sonnenschein& Co., Ltd. 
 
 (Swan), publishers, Lon- 
 don (no point after 
 
 Swan). 
 Son of/ God, Man 
 
 (caps.). 
 soochong, use sou-, 
 soofee, use sufi. 
 S.O.P., Staff Officer of 
 
 Pensioners. 
 Sop., soprano, -s. 
 sophomore (U.S.), second- 
 year student, not sophi-. 
 sopra (It.), above; come 
 
 — , as above. 
 sopran/o (mus.), Eng.pl. 
 
 -OS, It. pi. -/; abbr. S., 
 
 Of Sop. 
 Sorbonne (Palais de la), 
 
 Paris. 
 s'orienter (Fr.), to take 
 
 one's bearings, to gain 
 
 information about, 
 sorrel (bot.), not -ell. 
 so-so, passable (hyphen). 
 SOttOJ (It.), under ; — voce, 
 
 in an undertone, pron, 
 
 vO'chS. 
 SOUJ (Fr. m.), halfpenny, 
 
 pi. 'S ; gros — , penny, 
 soubrette, maid-servant, 
 soubriquet, use sob-, 
 souchong, a tea, not soo-. 
 Soudan/, -ese, use Sud-. 
 SOUffiS (Fr. m.), very light 
 
 milk pudding. 
 souffleur (Fr. m.), theat. 
 
 prompter. 
 Soult (N.-J. de D.), 1769- 
 
 185 1, Fr. marshal. 
 soupeon, a taste, a very 
 
 small quantity (not ital.). 
 soupe (Fr. f.), broth. 
 soupe de VInde (Fr. f.), 
 
 mulligatawny soup. 
 souper (Fr. m.), supper, 
 
 not -pe. 
 souris (Fr. m.), smile ; (f.) 
 
 mouse, 
 south/, -em, abbr. S. {see 
 
 also compass). 
 South Africa/, -n, abbr. 
 
 S.A. ; — America/, 
 
 -n, abbr. S. Amer. ; 
 
 357 
 
SOUTH — SPHINX 
 
 South Australia/, -n, 
 abbr. S. Austral.; — 
 Carolina, S.C. ; — Da- 
 kota, S.Dak. (pff.). 
 
 Southdown, sheep and 
 mutton (one word). 
 
 South Downs, Hants, etc. 
 (two words). 
 
 south-east (hyphen), abbr. 
 S.E. {see also compass). 
 
 southern, abbr. S. 
 
 Southey (Robert), 1774- 
 1843, Poet Laureate. 
 
 Southwark, or '^The 
 Borough," Surrey ; pron. 
 suth'erk {th soft). 
 
 Southwell (Bp. of), pron. 
 siith'el iSh soft). 
 
 south- west(hyphen), abbr. 
 S.W. {see also compass). 
 
 sou'w^ester, sailor's hat. 
 
 sovereign/, -s, abbr. sov. 
 
 Soyer (Alexis), 1809-58, 
 chef. 
 
 S.P. (typ.), small paper, or 
 the ordinary copies of a 
 book ,of which a large- 
 paper edition is issued. 
 
 Sp., Spain, Spanish, 
 
 sp., species,specimen, spirit. 
 
 S.p., short page, small pica 
 (type), starting price ; 
 S.p., sine prole (without 
 issue). 
 
 spaces (typ.), blanks for 
 placing between letters, 
 words, or lines. 
 
 spadeful/, pi. -s. 
 
 spahee,Turk. horse-soldier, 
 not -hi. 
 
 Spain, abbr. Sp. 
 
 spandrel (arch.), not -x\. 
 
 Spanish, abbr. Sp. ; (typ.) 
 alphabet consists of 27 let- 
 ters, including the sounds 
 ch, II, and n, but does not 
 include k and w. II and 
 rr must not be separated. 
 The portion carried over 
 to begin with a consonant. 
 Notes of exclam. and in- 
 terrog. are inverted before 
 and upright after their 
 phrases. Caps, much less 
 
 used than in Eng. n must 
 
 never be substituted for n. 
 
 Sm^U caps, and italic as in 
 
 Eng. Accents are much 
 
 used. 
 Spanish n (^), " curly «," 
 
 or "« with the tilde"; 
 
 pron. as ni in onion. 
 S.P.A.S., Societatis Philo- 
 
 sophiae Americanse Socius 
 
 (Fellow of the Amer. 
 
 Philosophical Society). 
 S.P.C., Society for the 
 
 Prevention of Crime ; 
 
 S.P.C.K., Society for 
 
 Promoting Christian 
 
 Knowledge. 
 spec, special, -ly, specific, 
 
 -ally, -ation, spectrum. 
 SpScialitS (Fr. f.), a spec- 
 iality (ital.). 
 speciality, not -Ity. 
 specialize, not -ise. 
 species, sing. and//. ; abbr. 
 
 sp. {see also botany, 
 
 zoology), 
 specific gravity, abbr. sp. 
 
 gr. ; (typ.) put in figures. 
 specimen, abbr. sp. 
 spectr/um, pi. -a; abbr. 
 
 spec, 
 speculat/e, -or. 
 specul/um, /)/. -a. 
 speech (break in), see 
 
 punctuation, X. 
 spelaean, cave-dwelling, 
 
 not -ean. 
 spelt, not spelled. 
 spence, a larder, not -se. 
 spencer, an overcoat. 
 Spencer (Earl, not of). 
 Spen/cer(Herbert), 1820- 
 
 i903,philos. ; adj.-cerian. 
 Spen/ser (Edmvmd), 
 
 1552-99, poet ; adj. 
 
 -serian. 
 spew, to vomit, not spue. 
 Spezia, Italy, not Spezz-. 
 Spezzia, Greece. 
 S.P.G., Society for the 
 
 Propagation of the Gospel, 
 sp. gr., specific gravity. 
 spherical, abbr. s. 
 sphinx/, not sphy- ; pi. -es. 
 
 358 
 
SPICK — S.S.C. 
 
 spick-and-span, adj. (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 Spiegelelsen (Ger. n.), 
 specular iron, 
 
 spinach, not -age. 
 
 spinney, a thicket, not -ny. 
 
 Spinozism, the system of 
 Spinoza (cap.). 
 
 spiraea (hot.). 
 
 spirit, abbr. sp. 
 
 spiritualize, not -ise. 
 
 spirt, use spu-. 
 
 Spithead (one word). 
 
 Spitzbergen, not Spits-. 
 
 splendider Satz (Ger. 
 typ. m.), widely-spaced 
 or leaded matter. 
 
 split fractions, see frac- 
 tions. 
 
 split infinitive, the sep- 
 aration of "to" from the 
 verb by an adverb, as 
 '' he used to often say." 
 Objected to by many, but 
 frequently used in O.E.D. 
 
 S.P.M. (mus.), Short Par- 
 ticular Metre. 
 
 spode china. 
 
 Spohr (Louis), 1784-1859, 
 composer. 
 
 spoliaj (Lat.), spoils ; — 
 Opima, the richest spoils ; 
 also trophy won by 
 generals of opposing 
 armies in single combat. 
 
 spoliation, not spoil-. 
 
 spoonful/, pi. -s. 
 
 spoony, foolishly fond, not 
 
 -ey. 
 
 sporan, the kilt pouch, 
 not -rran. 
 
 Sposj a {It.), a bride, pi. -e; 
 -Of bridegroom, pi. -/. 
 
 S.P.Q.R., SenatHsPopulus- 
 que Romanus (the Senate 
 and Roman people) ; small 
 profits and quick re- 
 turns. 
 
 S.P.R., Society for Psychi- 
 cal Research. 
 
 sprightly, not spritely. 
 
 spring (season of) (not 
 cap.). 
 
 sprinkled edges (binding), 
 
 cut edges of books finely 
 
 sprinkled with colour. 
 S.P.R.Ii., Society for the 
 
 Promotion of Religion and 
 
 Learning. 
 Sprouston, Kelso. 
 Sprowston, Norwich. 
 S.p.S., sine prole superstite 
 
 (without surviving issue). 
 S.P.S.P. (Papal seal), St. 
 
 Peter and St. Paul, 
 spue, use spew, 
 spurt, not -irt. 
 Spurzheim (J. G.), 1776- 
 
 1832, phrenologist, 
 sput/iim, expectorated 
 
 matter ; pi. -a. 
 sq./, square ; — ft., — feet ; 
 
 in., 
 
 inches ; — m.. 
 
 — metre, — miles; — yd., 
 — yards (each 5. and pi.). 
 
 squalls (naut.), abbr. q. 
 
 squar/e, -ing {see also 
 capitalization, sq.). 
 
 square root, sign V. 
 
 squeegee, not the many 
 variations. 
 
 squeezable, not -eable. 
 
 Squier (E. G.), 1821-88, 
 Amer. writer. 
 
 squilgee, use squeegee. 
 
 squirearchy, not -rarchy. 
 
 Sr, strontium. 
 
 S.It.I., Sacrum Romanutn 
 Imperium (the Holy 
 Roman Empire). 
 
 Srinagar, India, not Ser-. 
 
 S.R.S., Societatis Regix 
 Sodalis (Fellow of the^ 
 Royal Society). 
 
 S.S., Sunday school. Secre- 
 tary of State, steamship, 
 (Fr.) Sa Saintete (His 
 Holiness). 
 
 SS., Saints, (Ger.) Sankt 
 (saints), Seiten (pages), 
 (Lat.) sanctissimus (most 
 holy). 
 
 SS. (med.), half. 
 
 S.S., screw steamer, (It. 
 mus.) senza sordini (with- 
 out mutes). 
 
 S.S.C. (Sc), Solicitor be- 
 fore the Supreme Courts ; 
 
 359 
 
SS.D. — STATUS 
 
 Societas Sanctse Cruets 
 
 (Society of the Holy 
 
 Cross). 
 SS.D., Saytctissimus Dom- 
 
 inus (Most Holy Lord, i.e. 
 
 the Pope). 
 S.S.!Ej., south-south-east 
 
 (see also compass). 
 S.S.G.G., letters of the 
 
 Vehmgericht: Stock, Stein, 
 
 Gras, Grein (stick, stone, 
 
 grass, groan). 
 S.S.M., Society of the 
 
 Sacred Mission, Squad- 
 ron Serjeant-Major. 
 S.S.S.C. (paper), soft-sized, 
 
 super-calendered. 
 S.S.U., Sunday School 
 
 Union. 
 S.S.W., south-south-west 
 
 {see also compass). 
 St., Saint; (typ.) always in 
 
 alphabetic arrangement 
 
 to be placed under Saint, 
 
 not St- ; strait, -s, street. 
 S.t., short ton. 
 St., stanza, stone, strophe, 
 
 (typ.) stet (let it remain). 
 St. (Ger.), statt (instead of). 
 Sta (It.), santa (female 
 
 saint) (no point). 
 Staal (baron de), 1822-, 
 
 Russ. diplomatist ; — 
 
 (baronne de), 1684- 
 
 1750, writer (^see also 
 
 Stael, Stahl). 
 '* Staatsanzeiger," Ger. 
 
 (m.) Official Gazette. 
 Staats - General, Dutch 
 
 legislative assembly. 
 Stabat Mater (Lat.), the 
 
 Mother was standing 
 
 (R.C.C. liturgy), 
 stabbed (binding), a form 
 
 of wiring for pamphlets. 
 staccato, distinct(not ital.). 
 Stadtholder,Du. governor, 
 
 not Stadh-. 
 Stael (Madame de), 
 
 1 766 -18 1 7, Fr. writer {see 
 
 also Staal, Stahl). 
 sta:^? P^- "S, or staves. 
 Staffs, Staffordshire. 
 Staghound (one word). 
 
 Stagirite (the), Aristotle, 
 «o^Stagy-; /)ro«.staj'e-nt. 
 
 stagy^ not -ey. 
 
 Stahl (F. J.), i8o2-6r, 
 writer {see also Staal, 
 Stael). 
 
 staid, solemn, not stayed. 
 
 stalactite, deposit on cave 
 roofs; stalagmite, de- 
 posit on cave floors. 
 
 Stalbridge (Baron). 
 
 stalemate (chess) (one 
 word). 
 
 stamen/ (bot.), pi. -s. 
 
 stamina, power of endur- 
 ance. 
 
 S/a/npaf/o,-a(It.),printed ; 
 -ore, a printer. 
 
 Stamp OfBce (two words). 
 
 stanch, not staun-. 
 
 standardize, not -ise. 
 
 stand/point, -still (one 
 word). 
 
 stannary, a tin mine. 
 
 stannum, tin ; symbol 
 Sn. 
 
 Stanstead, Suffolk. 
 
 Stansted, Essex, Kent. 
 
 stanz/a, pi. -as. It. pi. 
 -e ; abbr. st. 
 
 star (typ.), the asterisk *. 
 
 star/, -red, -ry, -ring. 
 
 Star cross, Devon (one 
 word). 
 
 starfish (one word). 
 
 starting-point (hyphen). 
 
 stat., statuary, statute. 
 
 Stat, statim (immediately). 
 
 State, government (cap.). 
 
 Staten Island, New York, 
 not Staa- ; abbr. S.I. 
 
 statics, is singular. 
 
 staiim (Lat.), immediately; 
 abbr. siat. 
 
 stationary, fixed. 
 
 Stationers' Hall, London 
 (apos. at end). 
 
 stationery, paper, etc. 
 
 statistics, \% plural. 
 
 statt (Ger.), instead of; 
 abbr. st, 
 
 statuary, abbr. stat. 
 
 statuette. 
 
 status, rank (not ital.). 
 
 360 
 
STATUS — STILE 
 
 status quo] (Lat.), the same 
 
 state as now ; ante, 
 
 ditto as before. 
 
 statute, abbr. stat. 
 
 staunch, use stanch. 
 
 Staunton (H.), 1810-74, 
 chess player. 
 
 stayed, stopped, not staid. 
 
 S.T.B., SacrsB Theologige 
 Baccalaureus (Bachelor of 
 
 Theology) ; S.T.D., 
 
 Doctor (Doctor of Theo- 
 logy)- 
 
 Ste (Fr. f.), samte (female 
 saint) (no point). 
 
 steadfast, not sted-. 
 
 steamboat (one word). 
 
 steani/-engine, ham- 
 mer (hyphen). 
 
 steamship (one word), 
 abbr. S.S. 
 
 Steel (Flora Annie), 
 1 847-, writer ; — (Sir 
 James), 1830-1904. 
 
 Steele (F. M.), writer; 
 — (Sir Richard), 1672- 
 1729, writer. 
 
 Steell (Sir John), 1804- 
 91, sculptor. 
 
 Steeplechase/, -r. 
 
 Steevens (George), 1736- 
 1800, Shak. writer {see 
 also Stephen, Stevens). 
 
 Steinberg, a hock. 
 
 Steinitz (W.), 1836-1900, 
 chess player. 
 
 stem, abbr. s. 
 
 stemmja, a pedigree; pi. 
 -ata. 
 
 stencil/, -ler, -ling. 
 
 step/brother, -child, 
 -daughter, -father, 
 -mother, -sister, -son 
 (each one word). 
 
 Stephen (Sir Leslie), 
 1832-1904, writer {see also 
 Steevens, Stevens). 
 
 Stephenson (George), 
 1781-1848, originator of 
 railways; — (Robert), 
 1803-59, son of above {see 
 also Stev-). 
 
 steppe, a plain. 
 
 stepping-stone (hyphen). 
 
 stereotype (typ.), a cast 
 or plate taken in stereo- 
 type metal from a matrix, 
 as of paper or plaster, 
 reproducing the form of 
 the type, plate, etc., from 
 which the matrix was 
 made ; abbr. stereo (no 
 point). 
 
 st6r6otypie (Fr. f.), stereo- 
 typing. 
 
 sterilize, not -ise. 
 
 Sterling (John), 1806-45, 
 writer {see also Stir-). 
 
 sterling, abbr. stg. 
 
 Sterne (Laurence, not 
 Law-), 1713-68, writer. 
 
 stet (typ.), a Latin word 
 meaning let it stand, writ- 
 ten in the proof margin to 
 cancel an alteration, dots 
 being placed under the 
 word that is to remain ;/>/. 
 stent ; abbr. for both st. 
 
 Steuart (Sir A. H. 
 Seton-), 1856- ; — 
 (J. A.), 1861-, writer {see 
 also Stewart, Stuart). 
 
 Stevens (Alfred), 1818- 
 75, sculptor {see also 
 Steevens, Stephen). 
 
 Stevenson (Robert), 
 1772-1850, lighthouse 
 engineer ; — (Robert 
 Louis), 1850-94, writer 
 {see also Stephenson). 
 
 Stewart, fam. name Earl of 
 Galloway ; — (Dugald), 
 1753-1828, metaph. ; — 
 (Sir H. J. U.), 1872- ; 
 
 — (Sir J. M.), 1830- ; 
 
 — (Sir M. H. Shaw-), 
 i854-;_(SirM. J.M.), 
 1834- ; — (Sir N. R.), 
 1851- ; — (Sir R. C), 
 1836- {see also Steuart, 
 Stuart). 
 
 stg., sterhng. 
 Stibium, symbol Sb. 
 Stich, a verse ; pron. stik. 
 stigma/, a brand ; pi. -s. 
 stigmatize, not -ise. 
 stile over a fence {see also 
 Style). 
 
 361 
 
STILETTO — STRUTT 
 
 stiletto/, pi. -s. 
 stillborn (one word), 
 stillness. 
 
 Stilton cheese (cap.). 
 stimie (golf), use sty-, 
 stimul/us, pi. -i. 
 stip., stipend, -iary. 
 stLrk, a young ox or cow, 
 
 not ste-, stu-. 
 Stirling, Stirlingshire. 
 Stirling (J. Hutchison, 
 not Hutchin-), 1820-, 
 
 metaph. {see also Ster-). 
 sHrpjS (Lat.), lineage; pi. 
 
 -es. 
 Stock Exchange (caps.) ; 
 
 abbr. S/E. 
 stockholder (one word). 
 stockinet, an elastic fabric, 
 
 not -ette, -inget. 
 stoicheio/logy, -metry, 
 
 the doctrine of elements, 
 
 not stcechio-, stoichio-. 
 stokehold(naut.),«o^-hole. 
 ston/e, abbr. st. ; -y. 
 Stoneleigh, Kenilworth. 
 Stonely, St. Neots. 
 Stonyhurst College, 
 
 Lanes, 
 stoop, flagon, platform, not 
 
 -oup. 
 stopgap (one word;, 
 storey, use story. 
 Store3r»s Gate, London, 
 
 S.W. (apos.). 
 storied, not -yed. 
 storiologist, a folklorist. 
 Storthing, legislative as- 
 sembly of Norway, 
 stor/y, of a building or a 
 
 tale, not -ey ; pi. -ies. 
 story/-book, — -teller, 
 
 telling (hyphens). 
 
 stoup, use stoop, 
 stowaway (one word). 
 S.T.P., SacrTie Theologth 
 
 Professor (Professor of 
 
 Sacred Theology). 
 Strachan, />ro«. strawn. 
 Strachey (Sir Edward), 
 
 1858-,- — (Sir E. P.), 
 
 187 1- ; Strachey (Sir 
 
 John), 1823- ; — (Sir 
 
 Richard), 181 7-, F.R.S. 
 
 Stradbroke (Earl of). 
 
 Stradivarius, an instru- 
 menl made by Antonio 
 Stradivari or Antonlus 
 Stradivarius, of Cre- 
 mona, 1650-1737. 
 
 Strafford (Earl of). 
 
 straight accents (typ.), 
 the long accents, as a, e. 
 
 Straightforward (one 
 word). 
 
 strait/, -S, when with name 
 to be cap, ; abbr. St. 
 
 strait/-laced, — -waist- 
 coat, not straight (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 Stranraer, Wigtown. 
 
 Strasburg, in Fr. Stras- 
 bourg, in Ger. Strass- 
 burg. 
 
 Stratford de Redcliffe 
 (Viscount), 1 786-1880, 
 diplomatist. 
 
 Stratford-on-Avon (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 strathspey, Sc. dance. 
 
 strato-cirrus (meteor.), 
 use cirro-stratus. 
 
 strat/um, a layer ; pi. -a. 
 
 strat/us, a low layer of 
 cloud, pi. -i ; abbr. s. 
 
 Streatfeild, fam. name, not 
 -ield. 
 
 street (typ.), name of, to 
 have initial caps., as Re- 
 gent Street ; spell out 
 when a number, as Fifth 
 Avenue ; number of 
 house in, not to be 
 followed by any point, as 
 6 Fleet Street ; in jour- 
 nalism, hyphen and lower- 
 case r usual, as Regent- 
 street ; abbr. St. 
 
 stri/a, a stripe ; pi. -89. 
 
 Strichpunkt (Ger. m.), 
 semicolon (cap.). 
 
 Strong (Sir S. H.), 1825-, 
 judge. 
 
 Stronge (Sir J. H.), 1849-. 
 
 Stronsay, Orkneys. 
 
 strontium, symbol Sr. 
 
 Strutt, fam. name of Barons 
 Belper and Rayleigh. 
 
STRU WWELPETER 
 
 SUEDOISB 
 
 " Struwwelpeter," Ger. 
 
 child's book. 
 
 strychnine, not -in. 
 
 S.T.S., Scottish Text Soc. 
 
 Stuart, fam. name of Earl 
 of Moray and Baron Blan- 
 tyre ; — (House of) ; — 
 (Sir E. A.), 1632- ; 
 — (Leslie) , composer ; — 
 (Sir S. H. L.), 1864- {see 
 also Steuart, Stewart). 
 
 Stiick (Ger. n.), a piece. 
 
 studio/, pi. -s. 
 
 stumbling - block (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 stupefy, not -ify. 
 
 Sturm- und Drang-Pe- 
 riode (Ger.), storm and 
 stress period : 1775-1800. 
 
 Stuttgart, not Stfl-, -ard. 
 
 sty, not stye. 
 
 Stygian, of the river Styx. 
 
 style, custom, manner ; but 
 stile over a fence. 
 
 style of the house (typ.), 
 the custom of each printing 
 establishment as to use of 
 caps., italic, spelling, etc. 
 
 stymie (golf), wo^stimie, -y. 
 
 Styx, a river in Hades. 
 
 Suabia, use Swa-. 
 
 Suakin, Red Sea, not -im. 
 
 sub., subaltern, subscrip- 
 tion,substitute, suburb,-an. 
 
 sub (Lat.), under. 
 
 subahdar (Ind.), a native 
 captain. 
 
 subaltern, abbr. sub. 
 
 SUbaudi (Lat.), under- 
 stand, supply ; abbr. SUb. 
 
 sub-bass (hyphen). 
 
 sub/deacon, -dean, 
 
 -divide (one word). 
 
 sub-edit/, -or, -orial (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 subfusc/, -ous, dark. 
 
 sub-genus (hyphen). 
 
 sub-headings, see head- 
 ings (sub-). 
 
 subj., subject, -ive, -ively, 
 subjunctive. 
 
 sub judice (Lat.), under 
 consideration. 
 
 subjunctive, abbr. subj. 
 
 sub-kingdom (hyphen). 
 sublet (one word). 
 sub-lieutenant (hyphen). 
 Sublime Porte, Turkish 
 
 Court and Government. 
 sub modo (Lat.), in a 
 
 qualified sense ; sub- 
 
 pcsna, under penalty, not 
 
 -pena (one word, not ital. ) ; 
 
 sub rosa, privately, 
 subscription, abbr. sub. 
 subsection (one word) ; 
 
 abbr. subsec 
 subsidize, not -ise. 
 subj sigillo (Lat.), in the 
 
 strictest confidence ; — 
 
 sitentio, in silence, 
 sub-species (hyphen). 
 subst., substantive. 
 substantive, abbr. s., or 
 
 subst. {see nouns), 
 substitute, abbr. sub. 
 substrat/um, />/. -a. 
 subtile, fine {see also 
 
 subtle), 
 subtilize, not -ise. 
 sub-title, a bastard, fly, or 
 
 half-title placed before the 
 
 full title page, 
 subtle, insinuating {see also 
 
 subtile), 
 suburb/, -an, abbr. sub. 
 subl voce or — verba 
 
 (Lat.), under a specified 
 
 word ; abbr. s.V. 
 subway (one word). 
 succeeded, abbr. s. 
 succesi d*estlme (Fr.m.), a 
 
 success with more honour 
 
 than profit ; — fou, an 
 
 extravagant success, 
 such-like (hyphen). 
 sucking-pig (hyphen). 
 SUd (Fr. m.), south ; abbr. S. 
 Siid (Ger. m.) , south ; abbr 
 
 S. (cap.). 
 Sudan/, -ese, not Sou-. 
 Sudeley (Baron). 
 Sudley (Viscount), 
 su/e, -ed, -ing. 
 suede, dull-dressed kid, as 
 
 for gloves (6). 
 suSdoise {a la), in Swedish 
 
 style {S, not cap.). 
 
 363 
 
SUFF. — SUKFEIT 
 
 SUff., suffix. 
 
 SUfficjIt (Lat.), it is suffi- 
 cient ; pi. -iuat 
 
 STiii^a Mohammedan mystic, 
 not sofi, soofee, sophy. 
 
 suggestible, not -able. 
 
 suggestio falsi (Lat.), an 
 indirect lie. 
 
 suil generis (Lat.), of his, 
 her,its, or their,own kind ; 
 
 — Juris, of full age and 
 capacity. 
 
 Suisse] (Fr.), native of 
 Switz., also a porter ; 
 /em. -sse; la Suisse, 
 Switzerland. 
 
 suite, of rooms (notital.). 
 
 suite] (Fr. f.), continuation; 
 
 — et fin, conclusion. 
 SUlvrej (a) (Fr.), to be con- 
 tinued; faire — (letters 
 and parcels) to forward, 
 (typ.) to run on. 
 
 Sully - Prudhomme (R. 
 F. A.), 1839-, Fr. poet. 
 
 sulphur, symbol S. 
 
 sulphuretted, not -eted. 
 
 Sultan/, /em. -a, abbr. 
 Suit. 
 
 Sultanpur, India. 
 
 sum (math.), symbol 2. 
 
 sumac (bot. ), not sh-, -ach. 
 
 summarize, not -ise. 
 
 summ.er (not cap.). 
 
 summum bonum (Lat.), 
 the supreme good. 
 
 sun, abbr. S. 
 
 sun/beam, -bonnet, 
 
 -burn (one word). 
 
 Sunday, abbr. S., or Sun. 
 
 sundial (one word). 
 
 sunflower (one word). 
 
 sunn, E. Indian fibre. 
 
 Sunna, traditionary Mos- 
 lem law. 
 
 Sunni, an orthodox Mos- 
 lem, not -ee. 
 
 sun/rise, -set, -shade, 
 -shine, -spot, -stroke 
 (one word). 
 
 suoj jure (Lat.), in one's 
 own right ; — loco, in its 
 own place. 
 
 sup., superior, supine. 
 
 sup. (Lat.), supra (above). 
 
 super., superfine. 
 
 super^calendered paper, 
 highly rolled for dry 
 printing; abbr. s.c. 
 
 supercargo (one word). 
 
 superexcellen/ce, -t (one 
 word). 
 
 super-extra (binding), in 
 the best manner: coloured 
 end leaves, double head- 
 bands, etc. 
 
 superficialize, not -ise. 
 
 superficies, a surface, sing. 
 and pi. 
 
 superfine, abbr. super. 
 
 superintendent, abbr. 
 supt. 
 
 superior, abbr. sup. 
 
 superior characters 
 (typ.), those set above 
 
 the 1 
 
 ine, as ^> ^> "» 
 
 superl., superlative, 
 superpose, not -ze. 
 super royal, printing paper 
 
 27^2 X 20^2 in. {see also 
 
 books, paper), 
 supersede, not -cede, 
 supervise, ttot -ize. 
 supervisor, not -er. 
 supine, abbr. sup. 
 supp., supplement. 
 supplement, abbr. supp. 
 supplicator, not -er. 
 supposititious, not 
 
 -sitious. 
 suppository, not -ary. 
 suppresslo verl (Lat.), 
 
 suppression of the truth, 
 suppressor, not -er. 
 supr., supreme. 
 supra (Lat.), above, for- 
 merly ; abbr. sup. 
 supreme (Fr. f.), a method 
 
 of cooking, 
 supt., superintendent. 
 SWr (Fr. prep.), upon; (adj.) 
 
 sour, /em. sure, 
 sdr (Fr.), sure, safe. 
 surah, a thin silk fabric. 
 Suraj a Dowlah,of Bengal. 
 Surat, Bombay. 
 surcingle, a belt, 
 surfeit/, -er, -ing. 
 
 364 
 
SURGEON" — SWLN" 
 
 surg/eon, -ery, -ical, 
 abbr. surg. 
 
 Surgeon- General (hy- 
 phen) ; abbr. Surg.-Gen. 
 
 Surgeons (Royal College 
 of), abbr. R.C.S. 
 
 surmise, not -ize. 
 
 surplus, abbr. S. 
 
 surprise, not -ize. 
 
 surrenderer (law), not 
 -or. 
 
 sursum corda (Lat.), (lift) 
 up your hearts. 
 
 surtout, an overcoat. 
 
 surv., surveying, -or, sur- 
 viving. 
 
 survivor, not -er. 
 
 Susanna (Apocr.), no abbr. 
 
 suspender, not -or. 
 
 suspensio per coUum 
 (Lat.), hanging by the 
 neck; abbr. SUS, per 
 coll. 
 
 suspensor, not -er. 
 
 Susquehanna River, 
 U.S.A., «o/-ana. 
 
 Sutlej, Punjab river. 
 
 Suwanee River, Amer., 
 not Swa-. 
 
 S.V., Sancta Virgo (Holy 
 Virgin), Sanctitas Vestra 
 (Your Holiness), Sons of 
 Veterans. 
 
 S.V., sub voce, or verba (under 
 a word or heading, as in 
 a dictionary). 
 
 svastika, use sw-. 
 
 svelte (Fr.), elegant, 
 slender. 
 
 Svendsen (J. S.), 1840-, 
 composer. 
 
 Sverige, local for Sweden. 
 
 S.V.p. (Fr.), sUl vous plait 
 (if you please). 
 
 S.W., Senior Warden, 
 South Wales, south-west 
 {see also compass), 
 South - Western postal 
 district of London. 
 
 Sw., Sweden, -ish. 
 
 Swabia, not Su-. 
 
 Swahili, Zanzibar. 
 
 Swalcliffe, Oxfordshire. 
 
 Swalecliffe, Kent. 
 
 Swammerdam (Jan), 
 1637-80, Du. naturalist. 
 
 swanpan, use shw-. 
 
 swansdown (one word). 
 
 sw^ap, to exchange, wo^-op. 
 
 swash letters (typ.), 
 seventeenth-century ital. 
 caps, with tails and flour- 
 ishes, as ^, "B, etc. 
 
 SW^astika, a religious sym- 
 bol, not SV-. 
 
 swath, a line of cut grass. 
 
 swathe, to bind. 
 
 swede, a root (not cap.). 
 
 Sweden, abbr. Sw., local 
 Sverige {see also As- 
 semblies). 
 
 Sweden and Norway, in 
 this order, not Norway and 
 Sweden ; local Sverige 
 oeh Norge. 
 
 Swedish, abbr. Sw. ; 
 (typ.) alphabet contains 
 Ger. a, 6. Also the 
 peculiar "Swedish a" 
 {Aj &) pron. somewhat 
 as 0. In alph. arrange- 
 ment a, a, o, are put after 
 s. The acute accent may 
 be used to mark an ac- 
 cented syllable. 
 
 Sweet (Henry), of Oxford, 
 philol. {see also Swete). 
 
 sweetbread (cook.) (one 
 word). 
 
 sweetbrier, not -briar (one 
 word). 
 
 sweet/-oil, — -pea (hy- 
 phens). 
 
 sweet-william (bot.) 
 (hyphen, not caps.). 
 
 swell dash (typ.), Fr.rule, 
 the • 
 
 Swete (H. B.), 1835-, of 
 Camb., writer {see also 
 Sweet). 
 
 Sweynheim and Pan- 
 nartz, earliest printers 
 in Italy. 
 
 S.W.G., standard wire 
 gauge. 
 
 Swinburne (A. C), 1837-, 
 poet. 
 
 Swin Channel, Thames. 
 
 365 
 
SWINDON — SYZYGY 
 
 Swindon, Wilts. 
 
 swingeing, a hard (blow). 
 
 Swinton, Lanes, Yorks. 
 
 Swithin/CSt.), Bp. of Win- 
 Chester 852-62 ; -*sDay, 
 15 July, not -un. 
 
 Switzerland,abbr.S"witz, ; 
 in Fr. la Suisse, in Ger. 
 die Schweiz, in It. 
 Svizzera {see also As- 
 semblies). 
 
 sw^op, use swap. 
 
 Sybil, christian name {see 
 also sibyl). 
 
 sycamore (bot.), 
 
 syce, not si-. 
 
 sycomore (Bib.). 
 
 Sydney Heads, two cliffs. 
 
 Sykes, see Si-. 
 
 syllabub, use si-. 
 
 syllabus/, pi. -es. 
 
 syllogize, not -ise. 
 
 sylvan, not si-. 
 
 symbolize, not -ise. 
 
 ssrmpathize, not -ise. 
 
 symposi/um, pi. -a. 
 
 syn., synonym, -ous. 
 
 synaBresis, gram, contrac- 
 tion, not -eresis. 
 
 synagog/al, -ic. 
 
 synchronize, not -ise. 
 
 syncope, /(roM. sin'kup-6. 
 
 syne (auld lang), the days 
 long ago. 
 
 synonym/, I -ous, abbr. 
 syn. ; -ize, -y, not -e, 
 -ise, -ey. 
 
 synops/is, pi. -es. 
 
 synthesize, not -ise. 
 
 syphon, use si-. 
 
 Syr., Syria, -c, -n. 
 
 syren, use si-. 
 
 Syriac, abbr. Syr. ; (typ.) 
 has 22 letters, besides 
 vowel points, reads from 
 right to left, and is set 
 as Hebrew. There are 
 three forms of type, Es- 
 trangelo, Jacobite, Nes- 
 torian. 
 
 syringe/, -ing, not si-. 
 
 syrup, not sirop, -up ; abbr. 
 syr. 
 
 syst., system. 
 
 systematize, not -ise. 
 
 syzygy (astr.), the moon 
 being in conjunction or 
 opposition. 
 
 366 
 
S NOTES 
 
 367 
 
S NOTES 
 
T. — TAINB 
 
 T., temperature, Tenor, Ter- 
 ritory ,Testament,thenine- 
 teenth in a series, all 
 proper names with this 
 initial, (It. mus.) tace (be 
 silent). 
 
 t., ton, -s, town, -ship, tun, 
 -s, (Fr.) tome (volume), 
 tonneau (ton), (Lat.) tem- 
 pore (in the time of), 
 (mus.) tempo (time), 
 tertorje, -i {tenor, -s), 
 (naut.) thunder. 
 
 *t (Du.), het (the, m.), as 
 van 't Hoff. 
 
 Ta, tantalum. 
 
 Taaflfe (Viscount), not 
 -afe. 
 
 T.A.B., Total Abstinence 
 Brotherhood. 
 
 Tabago, use To-. 
 
 tabasheer, a plant opal, 
 not -ir, -achir. 
 
 tabbinet, a silk and wool 
 fabric, not tabi-. 
 
 Tabellej (Ger. typ. f.), 
 table, index; pi. -n (cap.). 
 
 tablel alphabStique (Fr. 
 typ. f.), index ; — des 
 tnatibreSt table of con- 
 tents. 
 
 tableau] (Fr. m.), a picture, 
 etc., pi. -x; tableau] 
 vlvant], pi. -X -s. 
 
 table d*li6te, an ordinary; 
 pi. tables — (not ital.). 
 
 tables of contents, see 
 contents (tables of). 
 
 tablespoonful/, pi. -s (one 
 word). 
 
 table work (typ.), colum- 
 nar matter, with or with- 
 out rules. The heading 
 of the table to be outside 
 theenclosingrules. Small 
 type and plenty of space is 
 better than large type and 
 little space. Headings to 
 columns look better in 
 
 table work (cont.). 
 
 smaller type. The widths 
 of the columns should be 
 multiples of the en. The 
 first line of table page 
 placed lengthways should 
 begin at the left-hand foot 
 of every page and read 
 upwards. 
 
 tabller (Fr. m.), apron. 
 
 taboo, forbidden, not -u. 
 
 tabour, a small drum, not 
 -or. 
 
 tabu, use taboo. 
 
 tabul]a (Lat.), a document, 
 pi. -as ; tabulja ras]a, a 
 blank surface, pi. -as -a?. 
 
 tabular w^ork, see table 
 work. 
 
 tabulat/e, -or. 
 
 tac-au-tac, a fencing 
 parry, etc. 
 
 tace (It. mus.), be silent ; 
 abbr. T. 
 
 tacks/man (Sc), a lessee, 
 not tax- ; pi. -men. 
 
 tasdlum v/^«(Lat.), weari- 
 ness of life. 
 
 Tae-ping, use Tai-. 
 
 Tafel] (Ger. typ. f.), a 
 table ; pi. -tl, abbr. Taf, 
 
 taffeta, a fabric, not the 
 many variations. 
 
 tag-rag (hyphen). 
 
 tags (typ.), direction labels. 
 
 tail (typ.), the bottom mar- 
 gin {see also margins). 
 
 taillad6{Yr. cook.), crimped. 
 
 taille] (Fr. f.), engraving, 
 also size, etc. ; — douce, 
 copper-plate engraving. 
 
 tallleur (Fr. m.), tailor, 
 dealer in card games. 
 
 tail-piece (typ.), the de- 
 sign at end of a section, 
 chapter, or book. 
 
 Tain, Ross-shire. 
 
 Taine (Hippolyte), 1828- 
 93, Fr. historian. 
 
 369 
 
 24 
 
TAI-PING — TAUBENHAUS 
 
 Tai-ping rebellion, 1850- 
 
 64, not Tae-. 
 Tait (A. C), 181 1-82, Abp. 
 
 of Canterbury ; — (P. G.), 
 
 1831-1901, physicist {see 
 
 also Tate). 
 T£W Mahal, Agra, not — 
 
 Me-. 
 Tal (Ger. n.), valley, not 
 
 now Th-. 
 Talbot de Malahide 
 
 (Baron). 
 Taler (Ger. m.), coin, not 
 
 now Th- ; abbr. Tlr. 
 Talfourd (Sir T. N.), 
 
 1795-1854, dram, 
 talisman/, pL -s. 
 talis qaalis (Lat.), such as 
 
 it is. 
 tall copies, books with 
 
 slightly larger margins 
 
 than usual, but not large- 
 paper copies. 
 Talleyrand - Perigord 
 
 (C. M. de), 1754-1838, 
 
 Fr. politician. 
 Tallis (Thomas), i5io(?)- 
 
 85, composer, not Talys, 
 
 Tallys. 
 tallness. 
 
 Talmud, Heb. laws. 
 Tarn., Tamil. 
 tamable, not -cable, 
 tambourine, not -in, 
 
 -orine. 
 Tamil, S. Indian language, 
 
 not -ul ; abbr. Tam. 
 Tammany Hall, Amer. 
 
 politics (a tn^s). 
 "Tam o* Shanter,*' poem 
 
 by Burns (caps., small o, 
 
 apos., no hyphen). 
 tam-o*-shanter, awoollen 
 
 cap (hyphens, apos.). 
 tan, tangent, -s (no point). 
 Tanganyika (Lake), 
 
 Cent. Afr. (one word). 
 tangerine orange, not 
 
 tangier-. 
 tangible, not -able. 
 Tangier, Mor., not -iers. 
 Tangiers, Haverford- 
 
 west. 
 Tanjore, India. 
 
 ** Tannhauser,** opera by 
 
 Wagner; /row. tan-hoi'zr. 
 tantaUze, not -ise (not 
 
 cap.). 
 tantalum, symbol Ta. 
 tantj mieux (Fr.), so much 
 
 the better ; — pis, so 
 
 much the worse. 
 Taoism, doctrine of Lao- 
 
 tsze, not Ta-, TaO- (one 
 
 word). 
 tapis {sur te) (Fr.), under 
 
 consideration. 
 tapisserie (Fr. f.), tapestry, 
 tar/, -ry. 
 tarantella, a dance, or its 
 
 music, 
 tarantula, a spider. 
 Tarbert, Argyl, Harris, 
 
 Co. Kerry. 
 Tarbet, Loch Lomond, 
 tariff, not -if. 
 tarlatan, a muslin, not 
 
 -etan. 
 tarpaulin, «o/-ing. 
 Tarpeian Rock. 
 Tarrasch (S.), 1862-, 
 
 chess player. 
 Tartar/, -y. Cent. Asia, 
 
 properly Tatar/, -y. 
 tartare {k ta) (Fr. cook.), 
 
 with cold mustard sauce. 
 "Tartuffe," play by Mo- 
 
 liere, 1669, not -ufe. 
 taseometer,instrument for 
 
 measuring strains. 
 tasimeter, instrument for 
 
 minute measurements. 
 Tasm., Tasmania. 
 ta-ta ! good - bye ! (hy- 
 phen). 
 Tatar, see Tartar. 
 Tate/ (Sir W. H.), 1842- ; 
 
 — Gallery, London {see 
 
 also Tait). 
 tatoo, use tattoo, 
 tatterdemalion, a ragged 
 
 fellow^, not -ian. 
 Tattersalls, London (apos- 
 trophe only in the posses- 
 sive case). 
 tattoo, not tatoo. 
 Taubenhaus (J.), 1850-, 
 
 chess player. 
 
 370 
 
TAUBMAN — TENERIFE 
 
 Taubman-Goldie (Sir 
 Q-. T>.), 1846-, founder 
 R. Niger Co. 
 
 Tauchnitz (baron), pub- 
 lisher, Leipzig. 
 
 tau cross, the 7-. 
 
 taut (naut.), «o^-ght. 
 
 tautologize, not -ise. 
 
 tavern, when this word 
 does not form part of the 
 title, the name when 
 cited to be roman double- 
 quoted, and not ital. 
 
 tawny, tan-colour, not -ey. 
 
 taxman, see taoks-. 
 
 Taylour, family name of 
 Marquess of Headfort. 
 
 tazzja (It. f.), bowl or cup, 
 pron. tat'sa ; pi. -e, 
 
 Tb, terbium. 
 
 T.C.D., Trinity College, 
 Dublin. 
 
 Tchad (Lake), Sudan, not 
 Chad, Tsad. 
 
 Tchertkoff (Vladimir), 
 1854-, Russ. writer. 
 
 Tchigorin (T.), 1850-, 
 chess player. 
 
 Tchudi, a Russ. race {see 
 also Tschudi). 
 
 T.E. (U.S.A.), Topo- 
 graphical Engineer. 
 
 Te, tellurium. 
 
 Teale(T. Pridgin), 1831-, 
 surgeon. 
 
 Teall (J. J. H.), 1849-, 
 geologist. 
 
 teapot (one word). 
 
 tease, not -ze. 
 
 teasel(bot.') , «o^ -sle,-zel , -zle. 
 
 teaspoonjful/, pi. -a (one 
 word). 
 
 tech., technical, -ly. 
 
 technol., technological, -ly. 
 
 techy, peevish, use tetchy. 
 
 tedescio (It. adj.), /em. -a, 
 German (not cap.). 
 
 tee'd (golf). 
 
 teetotal/, -ism, -ler, -ly. 
 
 teetotum (one word). 
 
 TegethofF (W.), Austrian 
 admiral, 1827-71. 
 
 Tegetmeier (W. B.), 
 1816-, writer. 
 
 Tegner (Esaias), 1782- 
 
 1846, Sw. poet. 
 Teheran, cap. of Persia, 
 
 not -hran. 
 Teichmann (R.), 1868-, 
 
 chess player. 
 Telgnmouth,Devon,/)ro«. 
 teen'muth {see also 
 Tyne-). 
 Tell (Ger. m.), a part ; pi. 
 
 -e, not now Th- (cap.). 
 Teilungszeicben (Ger. 
 typ.), the hyphen, not 
 Th- (cap.). 
 teinds (Sc), tithes. 
 Telford (Thomas), 1757- 
 
 1834, eng., «o^ -ourd. 
 tell-tale (hyphen). 
 tellurion, orrery, not -ian. 
 tellurium, symbol Te. 
 Telugu, Ind. language, not 
 
 -oogoo. 
 «T6m6raire (The Fight- 
 ing),** picture by Turner. 
 temp., temperature, tem- 
 porary. 
 temp., tempore (in the time 
 
 oO- 
 Tempel(E.W.Ij.), 1821- 
 
 89, Ger. astr. 
 
 temperature, abbr. T., or 
 
 temp.; (typ.) degrees of, 
 
 to be in figures, as 70° F. 
 
 Templar/ (Knight/), not 
 
 -er ; pi. -3 -s. 
 tem/plate, use -plet. 
 Temple Bar, London (two 
 
 words). 
 templet, a mould or pattern, 
 
 not -plate. 
 tempjo (It. mus.), time ; pi. 
 
 -/, abbr. t. 
 tempora mutantur{Lgit.)y 
 
 times are changed. 
 temporary, abbr. temp. 
 tempore (Lat.), in the time 
 
 of ; abbr. t., or temp, 
 temporize, not -ise. 
 Tenasserim, Burma, not 
 
 Tenn-. 
 Ten Commandments 
 
 (the) (caps.). 
 Tenerife (peak and island 
 of), not -iffe. 
 
 371 
 
 24 
 
TENIERS — THAT 
 
 Teniers (David), 1582- 
 
 1649, and 1610-90, two 
 
 Dutch painters. 
 Teaison (Thomas), 1636- 
 
 1715, Abp. of Canterbury 
 
 {see also Tennyson). 
 TennantCWilliam), 1 784- 
 
 1848, Sc. writer. 
 Tennasserim, ws^Tena-. 
 Tennent (Sir J. E.), 
 
 1804-69, writer. 
 Tennessee, U.S.A. (two 
 
 «'s, two 5's, four ^'s), off. 
 
 abbr. Tenn. 
 Tenniel (Sir J. T.), 1820-, 
 
 " Punch " cartoonist. 
 Tennyson (Alfred, 
 
 Lord), 1809-92, poet (see 
 
 also Tenison). 
 tenor, not -our. 
 tenorje (It. mus. m.), tenor ; 
 
 pi. -i, abbr. t. 
 Teplitz, Bohemia, not TOp-. 
 Ter., Terrace. 
 ter(Lat.), thrice, 
 terat., teratology. 
 terbium, symbol Tb. 
 tercel, use tier-. 
 Teresa (St.), not Th-. 
 tergiversat/e, -ion, -or. 
 termination, abbr. term, 
 terminator, not -er. 
 terminology, abbr. term, 
 termin/us, />/. -i (notital.). 
 terminusj ad quern ( Lat. ), 
 
 the finish ; — a quO, the 
 
 starting-point. 
 Terr., Territory. 
 terr/ace (typ.), cap. when 
 
 with name ; abbr. Ter. ; 
 
 in Fr. f. -asse. 
 terra-cotta (hyphen). 
 Terra del Fuego, use 
 
 Tierra . 
 
 terras] filius (Lat.), son of 
 
 the soil ; pi. — fllli. 
 terra firma (two words, 
 
 not ital.). 
 tenia incognitla (Lat.), 
 
 unexplored region ; pi. 
 
 -as -as (ital.). 
 terreen, use tur-. 
 terret, ring for driving-rein, 
 
 not -it. 
 
 territorialize, not -ise. 
 
 Terri)tory,abbr.T., o/Terr. 
 
 terrorize, not -ise. 
 
 tertium quid (Lat.), an 
 intermediate something. 
 
 Tesla (IS'ikola), 1857-, 
 electrician. 
 
 tessellate, not -elate. 
 
 Testament, abbr. T., or 
 Test. 
 
 testamur {hsit.), examina- 
 tion certificate. 
 
 test/is (anat.), pi. -es. 
 
 test-types, those for vision 
 testing. 
 
 tetchy, peevish, not tec-. 
 
 t&te (Ft. {.), head; tSte- 
 k-tete(m.,s. and pi.) , pri- 
 vate interview ; but tete 
 k tSte (without h^'phens), 
 privately ; tetej de veau, 
 calPs head ; — dorSe 
 (binding), gilt top. 
 
 Teufelsdrockh (Herr), 
 in Carlyle's *' Sartor Re- 
 sartus." 
 
 Teut., Teuton, -ic. 
 
 Tex., Texas (offic. abbr.), 
 Texan. 
 
 textbook (one word). 
 
 textus receptus (Lat.), 
 the received text ; abbr. 
 text. rec. 
 
 Teynham (Baron), pron. 
 ten'ham. 
 
 t.g., type genus. 
 
 Th., Thomas, Thursday. 
 
 Th, thorium. 
 
 Thai (Ger.), valley, use now 
 Tal. 
 
 Thaler{G&v.), usenow Ta-, 
 
 Thalia (Gr.), muse of joy; 
 pron. tha-ly'a. 
 
 thallium, symbol Tl. 
 
 Thanksgiving Day 
 
 (U.S.A.), last Thursday 
 in November (caps.). 
 
 Tharawadi, Burma, not 
 Tharrawaddy. 
 
 that, refers to a person or 
 thing first mentioned, or 
 farther in order or place 
 than when this, these are 
 used J pi. those. 
 
 37a 
 
TH]6 — THOROUGH 
 
 thS (Fr. m.), tea. 
 
 ThesBtetUB, disciple of 
 Socrates. 
 
 theat., theatrical. 
 
 TbSktre franfals, Paris 
 (cap. T only). 
 
 tbecla (Lat.), a case, pron. 
 the'ka ; pi. -SB, pron. the'- 
 ke. 
 
 theirs (no apos.). 
 
 Thellusson*s Act (law), 
 1800, to restrict accumula- 
 tion of property. 
 
 tbemja (Gr.), a theme ; pi. 
 -ata. 
 
 Theo., Theodore. 
 
 theocracy, a priest-gov- 
 erned State, not -sy. 
 
 theol., theology, -ian, -ical. 
 
 theologize, not -ise. 
 
 Theoph.,Theophilus,Theo- 
 phrastus. 
 
 theor., theorem. 
 
 theoret., theoretic,-al,-ally. 
 
 theorize, not -ise. 
 
 Theos.,theosophy,-ical,-ist. 
 
 therap,, therapeutic, -s. 
 
 Theresa (St.), use Ter-. 
 
 Th6r§se (Fr.). 
 
 thermodynamics (one 
 word). 
 
 thermomet/er, -ric, abbr. 
 thermom.. 
 
 Thermopyl89 (Pass of). 
 
 these, see this. 
 
 thes/is,/>/. -es. 
 
 Thess., I, 2 Thessalonians, 
 Thessaly. 
 
 Thibet, thibet,M5^Ti-, ti-. 
 
 thimblerig, a trick (one 
 word). 
 
 thin/, -ner, -nish. 
 
 thirds cards (typ.), 3 x 
 1^/2 in. or size of gentle- 
 man's visiting card, not 
 third — 
 
 Thirty-nine Articles 
 (the) (hyphen, two caps. ) . 
 
 thirty- t-womo, ortrigesi- 
 mo-secundo, a book in 
 which each sheet forms 
 thirty -two leaves or sixty- 
 four pages, usually about 
 4^3 X 3 in. ; abbr. 32mo. 
 
 Thirty Years War, 1618- 
 
 48 (caps., no apos.). 
 
 this, refers to a person or 
 thing which was last men- 
 tioned, or which is near- 
 est in order or place ; pL 
 these {see also that). 
 
 thole pin (naut.), not 
 
 -owl 
 
 -owel — (two 
 
 words). 
 
 Thomas, abbr. T., Th., or 
 Thos. 
 
 Thompson(SirB., count 
 von Rumford), 1753- 
 1814, founder Royal Insti- 
 tution, London ; — (Sir 
 E. Mannde), 1840-, 
 librarian ; — (Sir Hen- 
 ry), 1820-1904, surgeon, 
 writer, etc. ; — (Silva- 
 nus, not Sy-, P.), 1851-, 
 physicist. 
 
 Thomsen's disease, mus- 
 cular spasm. 
 
 Thomson (Prof. Arthur), 
 1 858-, anat. ; — (Sir C. 
 Wyville), 1830-82,700!. ; 
 
 — (James), 1700-48, 
 poet, "The Seasons"; 
 
 — (James), 1834-82, 
 poet, "City of Dreadful 
 Night"; — (Prof. J. 
 Arthur), 186 1-, zool. 
 and writer; — (Joseph), 
 1858-95, Afr. traveller ; 
 
 — (Prof. Joseph John) , 
 1 856-, physicist ; — (Sir 
 William, Ijord Kel- 
 vin), 1824-, math, and 
 physicist. 
 
 Thomson's electrometer, 
 
 galvanometer, etc. 
 Tbor (Ger.), use now Tor, 
 thor/ax,/*/. -aces, 
 thorium, symbol Th. 
 thorn, the Ang.-Sax. f» ]> 
 
 {see also eth). 
 Thomey croft's Horse, 
 
 S. Africa. 
 Thomycroft (J. I. & 
 
 Co.), boat builders, Chis- 
 
 wick ; — (W. Hamo), 
 
 1850-, sculptor. 
 thorough, abbr. thoro*. 
 
 373 
 
THOROUGHBASS — TIMPA^-I 
 
 thoroughbass (mus.) (one 
 word). 
 
 thorough/bred, -going 
 (one word). 
 
 Thos., Thomas. 
 
 those, see that. 
 
 though, abbr. tho*. 
 
 thow^el, use thole. 
 
 thrall, thraldom. 
 
 thrash, not thre-. 
 
 Threadneedle Street, 
 London (two words). 
 
 three-colour process, the 
 printing of coloured plates 
 by the superposition of 
 the three primary colours 
 on each other ; the blocks 
 being automatically dis- 
 sected by photography. 
 
 threescore, sixty (one 
 word). 
 
 thresh, use thra-. 
 
 thresher whale, not thra- 
 (two w^ords). 
 
 threshold, not -hhold. 
 
 thrill (mus.), ms^ trill. 
 
 thro*, through. 
 
 Throckmorton (Sir K". 
 "W.G.), 1515-71, diplom. 
 
 Throgmorton Avenue, 
 fl/so Street, London, E.G. 
 
 Throndhjem, use Tro-. 
 
 through, abbr. thro'. 
 
 throw out (binding), to 
 mount a cut, map, etc., 
 upon a guard the size of 
 a page, so that it may re- 
 main in view w^hile other 
 pages are read. 
 
 throw up (typ.), to render 
 prominent by use of bold 
 type, etc. 
 
 Thu/ja (bot.), use -ya. 
 
 Thule (Ultima), pron. 
 thu'16. 
 
 thunder (naut.), abbr. t. 
 
 Thiir (Ger.), use Tiir. 
 
 Thursday, abbr. Th. 
 
 thuya (bot.), not -ja. 
 
 T.H.W.M., Trinity High- 
 Water Mark. 
 
 thyme, herb ; pron. tim. 
 
 Thynne, family name of 
 Marquess of Bath. 
 
 Ti, titanium. 
 
 Tibet, Gent. Asia, not Th-. 
 
 tibet, la woollen fabric, not 
 th-. 
 
 tic douloureux, facial 
 neuralgia, not dol- (two 
 words). 
 
 Ticonderoga, New York. 
 
 tidbit, use tit-. 
 
 Tidworth, Andover, not 
 Te-. 
 
 tie, tying, not tieing. 
 
 Tien-tsin, port of Peking. 
 
 tiercel, a bird, not ter-. 
 
 Tierra del Fuego, S. 
 Amer., not Terra . 
 
 tiers Stat (Fr. m.), the com- 
 mon people (not caps.). 
 
 Tie tj ens, use Titiens. 
 
 tiffin, lunch, not -ing. 
 
 tigerish, not tigr-. 
 
 Tighnabruaich, Argyl. 
 
 tight back (binding), the 
 cover fastened solidly to 
 the back, so that it does 
 not become hollow when 
 open. 
 
 tigrish, use tiger-. 
 
 tike, not ty-. 
 
 tilde, the mark over the 
 Sp. n, n; in Port. til. 
 
 Tilsit (Treaty of), not 
 -itt. 
 
 Tim., 1 and 2 Timothy. 
 
 timbre (mus.) (not ital.). 
 
 timbre-poste (Fr. m.), 
 postage-stamp ; />/. ^//n- 
 bres , abbr. t.p. 
 
 Timbuktu, W. Africa, not 
 -buctoo. 
 
 time of day (typ.), to be 
 in figures with full point, 
 followed by a.m. or p.m. 
 in roman lower case, as 
 9.30 a.m. Such phrases as 
 half-past two, a quarter to 
 four, are better spelled 
 out (see also date). 
 
 "Times (The)," estab- 
 lished 1788 (caps.). 
 
 timist (mus.), not -eist. 
 
 timpani (mus,), the or- 
 chestral kettle-drums, not 
 ty- {see a/50 tympanum). 
 
 374 
 
TIN — TITLE 
 
 tin {sf annum), symbol Sn. 
 
 tinct., tincture. 
 
 Tindal (Matthiew), 1656- 
 1733, theol., not -all (see 
 also Tyn.-). 
 
 tin-foil (hyphen). 
 
 tinging, not -eing. 
 
 Tinnevelly and Madura 
 (Bp. of), not -velli . 
 
 tin-plate (hyphen). 
 
 tinsel/, -led, -ling. 
 
 Tintagel, Cornwall, not -il ; 
 pron. tin-taj'el. 
 
 -tion (typ.), if necessary 
 at end of lines, carry over 
 this and not -ation, -ition, 
 etc. 
 
 tipo (It., Sp.), type. 
 
 Tipperary, Ireland. 
 
 tippet, not tipet. 
 
 tipstafijf, a bailiff ; pi. -s. 
 
 tirade, a long declamation. 
 
 tirailleur {Fr. m.), a sharp- 
 shooter. 
 
 tire (of a wheel), correct, 
 but ty- usual. 
 
 tirer (Fr. typ.), to print. 
 
 tiret (Fr. typ. m,), dash, or 
 rule. 
 
 tiro, use ty-. 
 
 'tis, for itis(apos., close up). 
 
 tit., title. 
 
 titanic (not cap.). 
 
 titanium, symbol Ti. 
 
 titbit, not tid- (one word). 
 
 Titelj (Ger. typ. m.), the 
 title; 'blatt (n.), title 
 page ; -zeile (f.), head- 
 line (caps.). 
 
 tithe rent charge, abbr. 
 T.R.C. 
 
 Titiens (Teresa), 1831- 
 77, singer, not Tietjens. 
 
 titivate, not titt-. 
 
 title (binding), the panel on 
 the cover with the name. 
 
 title-deed (h3'phen). 
 
 title page (typ.), should 
 contain : name of book, 
 author, publisher, place of 
 publication, date of pub- 
 lication (this should never 
 be omitted) in arable 
 figures {not roman nu- 
 
 title page (cont). 
 
 merals). It need have no 
 points at ends of lines 
 {see also preliminary 
 matter), 
 title pages. Report of 
 the Committee of the 
 Publishers' Association 
 of Great Britain and Ire- 
 land, 1898 : — 
 
 "(i)Date, (a) That the 
 title page of every book 
 should bear the date of 
 the year of publication, 
 i.e. of the year in which 
 the impression, or the re- 
 issue, of which it forms 
 a part, was first put on 
 the market, (b) That 
 when stock is reissued in 
 a new form, the title page 
 should bear the date of 
 the new issue, and each 
 copy should be described 
 as a * reissue,' either on 
 the title page or in a 
 bibliographical note, (c) 
 That the date at which 
 a book was last revised 
 should be indicated either 
 on the title page or in a 
 bibliographical note. 
 
 "(2) Bibliographical 
 Note. That the biblio- 
 graphical note should, 
 when possible, be printed 
 on the back of the title 
 page, in order that it may 
 not be separated there- 
 from in binding. 
 
 <'(3) Impression, Edi- 
 tion, Reissue. That for 
 bibliographical purposes 
 definite meanings should 
 be attached to these 
 words when used on a 
 title page, and the follow- 
 ing are recommended : — 
 
 ^^ Itnpression. — A num- 
 ber of copies printed at 
 any one time. When a 
 book is reprinted without 
 change it should be called 
 a new impression^ to dis- 
 
 375 
 
TITLE — TO-NIGHT 
 
 title pages (cont). 
 
 tinguish it from an edition 
 as defined below. 
 
 ^^ Edition. — An impres- 
 sion in which the matter 
 has undergone some 
 change, or for which the 
 type has been reset. 
 
 ^^Reissue. — A republica- 
 tion at a different price, 
 or in a different form, of 
 part of an impression 
 which has already been 
 placed on the market. 
 
 *' (4) Localisation. 
 When the circulation of 
 an impression of a book is 
 limited by agreement to 
 a particular area, that each 
 copy of that impression 
 should bear a conspicuous 
 notice to that effect. 
 
 ''Addendum. In cases 
 where a book has been 
 reprinted many times, 
 and revised a less number 
 of times, it is suggested 
 that the intimation to 
 that effect should be as 
 follows, e.g. : — 
 
 "Fifteenth Impression 
 (Third Edition). This 
 would indicate that the 
 book had been printed 
 fifteen times, and that in 
 the course of those fifteen 
 impressions it had been 
 revised or altered twice." 
 
 title-r61e (hyphen, 6). 
 
 titles (cited), of articles in 
 magazines, of books, chap- 
 tersin books,of magazines, 
 newspapers, paintings, 
 periodicals, reviews, and 
 sculptures, to be roman 
 double-quoted, not italic. 
 
 title-sheet (typ.), that con- 
 taining the preliminary 
 matter. 
 
 titles of honour, as LL.D., 
 F. R. S.,are usually in caps. 
 Frequently s.caps. give a 
 better general effect {see 
 also compound ranks). 
 
 title type, caps, occupying 
 
 space of two ordinary 
 
 lines. 
 titre (Fr. typ. m.), title. 
 tit-tat-to, a game (hy- 
 phens). 
 tittivate, use titi-. 
 Titus, not to be abbreviated. 
 Tl, thallium. 
 T,0., turn over. 
 Tobago, W. Ind., not Ta-. 
 Tobit (Apocr.), not to be 
 
 abbreviated. 
 toboggan/, not -ogan ; 
 
 -ing. 
 Tocqueville (A. C. H. C. 
 
 de), 1805-59, Fr. writer, 
 to-day (hyphen). 
 to-do, commotion (hyphen) . 
 toffee, not -y. 
 toga/, the Roman mantle ; 
 
 pi. -s. 
 toile (Fr. f.), linen-cloth, 
 toilet, not -ette. 
 toilette (Fr. f.), toilet. 
 Toison d*or (Fr. f.), the 
 
 golden fleece. 
 Tokay, a wine. 
 token (typ.), half a ream, or 
 
 250 impressions on press. 
 Tokio, cap. of Japan, not 
 
 -yo ; formerly Yeddo. 
 Toler, family name of Earl 
 
 of Norbury. 
 Tolstoy (Count Leo), 
 
 1828-, writer, not -oi. 
 tomalley, so-called liver of 
 
 lobster, not -ly. 
 tomato/, pi. -es. 
 tome (Fr. m.), a volume; 
 
 abbr. t. 
 to-morrow (hyphen). 
 tom-tit, the bird (hyphen), 
 ton/ (weight), -s, abbr. t. 
 ton (Fr. m.), style. 
 Tonbridge, but Tun- 
 bridge Wells, 
 tonsillitis, not -ilitis. 
 Tone (T. Wolfe), 1763- 
 
 98, In patriot. 
 Tongking, China, not Tun-, 
 
 Tonkin, Tonquin. 
 Tonic Sol-fa (one hyphen). 
 to-night (hyphen). 
 
 376 
 
TOWN. — traHi 
 
 tonn., tonnage. 
 
 tonne (Fr. f.), looo kilo- 
 grams. 
 
 ionneau (Fr. m.), ton, 
 tun, or cask ; abbr. t. 
 
 Tooke (J. Home), 1736- 
 1812, writer. 
 
 tooled edges (binding), 
 those with impressed de- 
 signs. 
 
 toothpick (one word). 
 
 topinambour (Fr. m.), 
 Jerusalem artichoke. 
 
 Toplitz, use Te-. 
 
 top-mast (hyphen). 
 
 topog., topography, -ical. 
 
 topsy-turvy (hyphen). 
 
 Tor (Ger. m.), fool; (n.) 
 gate, not now Th- (cap.}. 
 
 tore, use torque. 
 
 tormentor, not -er. 
 
 tornado/, pi. -es. 
 
 tomiquet, use tour-. 
 
 torpedo/, pi -es. 
 
 Torphichen (Baron), 
 pron, tor'fi-ken. 
 
 torque, a gold ornament, 
 (niech.) turning move- 
 ment, not tore. 
 
 Torquemada (Thomas 
 de), 1420-98, Inquisitor. 
 
 Torres Vedras, near Lis- 
 bon (no hyphen). 
 
 torso/ (sculp.), the trunk ; 
 pi. -s. 
 
 toriuej (Fr. f.), turtle ; — 
 claire, clear turtle soup. 
 
 totalize, not -ise. 
 
 totidem verbis (Lat.), in so 
 many words. 
 
 toties quoties (Lat.), as 
 often the 
 the other. 
 
 totO CSelO (Lat.), diamet- 
 rically opposed, not — cce-. 
 
 tOtum (Lat.), the whole. 
 
 iou jours] perdtixijr.), too 
 much of one good thing ; 
 — prit, always ready. 
 
 tOUrl (Fr. m.\ a tour ; (f.) 
 tower ; — a tour, alter- 
 nately ; — d*adresse 
 (m.), legerdemain; — 
 de forcet a feat of 
 
 strength or skill; tour de 
 main, sleight of hand. 
 
 Tourgu6niefF (I. S.), 
 1818-83, Russ. novelist, 
 not the many variations. 
 
 tourmaline, not -in. 
 
 Toumai, Belgium. 
 
 Tournay, France. 
 
 tourniquet, not tor-. 
 
 tournure (Fr. f.), contour, 
 figure, (dress) bustle. 
 
 tourte (Fr. f.), tart. 
 
 tout] h coup, or — d*un 
 coup (Fr.), suddenly, all 
 at once ; — h fait, en- 
 tirely ; — court, abruptly ; 
 
 — demime, all the same; 
 
 — de suite, imme- 
 diately; — ensemble, 
 the general effect (no hy- 
 phens). 
 
 towel/, -ling. 
 
 town, abbr. t. 
 
 town cards (tj^p.), 3 x 2 in. 
 
 tov^m/ councillor, «o^ilor, 
 
 — hall (two words). 
 Townshend (Marquess, 
 
 not of) ; — (R. B.), 1846-, 
 
 writer. 
 township, abbr. t. 
 toxicol., toxicology, -ical. 
 toxin, not -ine. 
 toxophilite, of archery. 
 t.p. (Fr.), timbre{-s)'poste 
 
 (postage-stamp) . 
 Tr., trustee. 
 
 tr/ (typ.), 5^^ transpose, 
 traceable, not -cable, 
 trache/a, />/. -sb. 
 Tractarian/, -ism (caps.). 
 tractor, not -er. 
 trade-mark (hyphen). 
 trade/ union (two words) ; 
 
 pi. — unions, not trades- ; 
 
 abbr. T.U. 
 traduction (Fr. f.), trans- 
 lation, 
 traffic/, -ked, -ker. 
 trafic (Fr. m.), trade. 
 trag., tragedy, tragic. 
 tragedi/an, a tragic actor ; 
 
 fern. -enne. 
 Trail (J. W. H.), 1851-, 
 
 botanist. 
 
 377 
 
TRAILL — TROMPETTE 
 
 Traill (Anthony), 1838-, 
 Provost T.C.D. 1904 ; — 
 (H. D.), 1842-1900, 
 writer. 
 
 trait, pron. tra, in Amer. 
 trat. 
 
 trait d' union (Fr.typ.m.), 
 the hyphen. 
 
 trammel/, -led, -ling. 
 
 tranquil/, -lity, -lize, -ly. 
 
 trans., transactions, trans- 
 itive, translated, -ion, -or. 
 
 transact/, -or. 
 
 transatlantic (one word, 
 not cap.). 
 
 Transcaucasia, Russia 
 (one word). 
 
 transf., transferred. 
 
 transfer/, -able, -ence, 
 -red, -rer, -ring. 
 
 transform/, -ator, -er. 
 
 transgress/, -ible, -or. 
 
 tranship/, -ment (one 
 word), not transs-. 
 
 transitive, abbr. trans. 
 
 translat/ed, -ion, -or, 
 abbr. trans.; -able. 
 
 transmissible, not -able. 
 
 transpose (typ.), to move 
 letters, words, lines, etc., 
 from one place to another ; 
 tr/ being written in the 
 margin, and a line put 
 round the matter pointing 
 to where it is to be trans- 
 ferred {see also proof 
 correction marks). 
 
 Transvaal, S. Africa. 
 
 iratio d'anione (It. typ.), 
 the hyphen. 
 
 trattoria (It. f.), cook-shop. 
 
 Trav., travels. 
 
 travel/, -led, -ler, -ling. 
 
 Travellers' Club, London 
 (apos. at end). 
 
 T.R.C., Thames Rowing 
 Club, tithe rent charge. 
 
 Treas., treasurer, treasury. 
 
 tree - calf (binding), a 
 bright-brown calf stained 
 with a conventional tree- 
 like design. 
 
 Treitschke (H. G. von), 
 1834-96, Ger. hist. 
 
 trek/ (S. Afr.), to journey, 
 
 not -ck ; -ker. 
 TrelaWny, not -ey. 
 tremor, not -our. 
 trente-et-quarante (Fr. 
 
 m.), a gambling game. 
 trhs bien (Fr.), very good. 
 Tresco, Scilly. 
 Trescowe, Cornwall. 
 tresj distinguS (Fr.), very 
 
 distinguished ; — pGUf 
 
 very little, 
 trestle, a table support, not 
 
 tressel. 
 trevet, use tri-. 
 T.R.H., Their Royal 
 
 Highnesses. 
 tria juncta in uno (Lat.), 
 
 three joined in one. 
 tricolour, the Fr. flag (one 
 
 word); in Fr. m. drapeau 
 
 tricolore. 
 trigesimo-secundo, see 
 
 thirty-twomo. 
 trigon., trigonometry,-ical. 
 trill (mus.), not th-. 
 trillion, in Eng. a million 
 
 million millions ; in Fr. 
 
 and U.S.A., a million 
 
 millions. 
 Trimleston (Baron), 
 
 pron. trim'less-. 
 trimmed edges, see 
 
 edges. 
 Trin., Trinity. 
 Trinity Sunday, the one 
 
 after Whit-Sunday. 
 triphthong, three vowels 
 
 in a single syllable as 
 
 eau in beau. 
 tripos/, Camb. examination; 
 
 pron. tri'p6s, pi. -es. 
 Tristan da Cunha, S. 
 
 Atlantic, not — d'Acunha. 
 triturat/e, -or. 
 triumviri (Lat.), pi. -/; 
 
 Eng. pi. -S. 
 trivet, not tre-. 
 trivial (Fr. adj.), vulgar. 
 trocar, surgical instrument, 
 
 not -har. 
 trolly, not -ey. 
 trompette (Fr. m.), trum- 
 peter ; (f.) trumpet. 
 
 378 
 
TRONDHJEM — TWEEDIE 
 
 Trondhjem, Norway, not 
 Th-. 
 
 tropsBolum/ (bot.), pi. -s. 
 
 tropical (not cap.). 
 
 trottoir (Fr. m.), the foot 
 pavement. 
 
 trousers, not trow-. 
 
 trousseau/, dress outfit; 
 pi. -X (not ital.). 
 
 trouvaille (Fr. f.), a 
 lucky find. 
 
 troy weight, r lb., 12 oz., 
 240 pennyweights, 5760 
 grains (not cap.). 
 
 Trs., Trustees. 
 
 iruitel (Fr. f.), trout; — 
 au bleu, brook trout ; — 
 de lac, lake trout ; — 
 saumonSe, salmon trout. 
 
 trumpet/, -ed, -ing. 
 
 Truron., signature of Bp. 
 of Truro (full point). 
 
 trustee, abbr. Tr.,//. Trs. 
 
 T.S. (paper), tub-sized. 
 
 Tsad (Lake), Sudan, use 
 — Tchad. 
 
 Tsar of Russia; Tsare- 
 vitch, his son ; Tsarev- 
 na, his dau. ; Tsarina, 
 his wife (in Russ. 
 Tsaritza) ; not Cz-, Tz-. 
 
 Tsarskoye Selo, near St. 
 Petersburg, imperial resi- 
 dence, not Tz-. • 
 
 Tschaikovsky (P. F.), 
 1840-93, Russ. composer. 
 
 Tschigorin, use Teh-. 
 
 Tschudi (A.), 1505-72, 
 Swiss historian {see also 
 Tchudi). 
 
 Tsech, use Czech*. 
 
 tsetse fly,«o/tzetze ; pron. 
 set's6. 
 
 T.S.S., twin-screw steam- 
 ship. 
 
 t.t.l., to take leave. 
 
 T.IT., trade union, -s. 
 
 tub/a, bass saxhorn ; />/. -8B. 
 
 Tiibingen, Ger. town and 
 university. 
 
 T.U.C., Trade Union Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Tuesday, abbr. T., or 
 Tues. 
 
 Tuileries, Paris (one /). 
 
 tulle, fine silk fabric. 
 
 tumbrel, a cart, not -il. 
 
 tumour, not -or. 
 
 tumul/us, pi. -i (not 
 ital.). 
 
 tun/ (cask), -s, abbr. t. 
 
 Tunbridge Wells, but 
 Tonbridge. 
 
 tungsten, symbol W. 
 
 tunnel/, -led, -ling. 
 
 iu quoquel (Lat.), thou 
 also ! 
 
 Tiir {Ger. f.), door, not now 
 Th- (cap.). 
 
 iurbot (Fr. m.), turbot. 
 
 Turco, Fr. Algerian sol- 
 dier, not -ko. 
 
 Turcoman, use Turko-. 
 
 tureen, not terreen. 
 
 Turgenieflf, use Tour- 
 gu6nieff. 
 
 Turk., Turkey, -ish. 
 
 Turkestan, not Turki-. 
 
 turkey red (not cap.). 
 
 Turkoman/, of Turkestan, 
 not Turco- ; pi. -s. 
 
 turned commas (typ.), 
 those used at the com- 
 mencement of a quotation, 
 as these ", two apostro- 
 phes being at the end. 
 Together they are called 
 '' quotes " {see also quo- 
 tation marks). 
 
 Turner (Joseph Mal- 
 lord — not -ad, -ard — 
 William), 1775-1851, 
 painter. 
 
 Tumour, family name of 
 Earl Winterton. 
 
 turn over, abbr. T.O. 
 
 Tuskar Rock, lighthouse, 
 Wexford. 
 
 tussock-grass, not -ac. 
 
 tuum (Lat.), thine {see also 
 meum). 
 
 T.V.R. (elec), tempera- 
 ture variation of resist- 
 ance. 
 
 Tweeddale (Marquess 
 of). 
 
 Tweedie (Mrs. Alec), 
 writer. 
 
 379 
 
TWEEDY — TZETZE 
 
 Tweedy (John), P. R. C. S. , 
 1904. 
 
 tweeny-maid, a servant 
 whose work is divided 
 between two others. 
 
 Twelfth Day, 6 January. 
 
 twelvemo or duodec- 
 
 (typ.), 
 
 book 
 
 each sheet of which 
 forms twelve leaves or 
 twenty-four pages, size 
 usually about 7^2 x 4Va Jn. ; 
 abbr. 12mo. 
 
 twenty-fourmo or vige- 
 simo-quarto (typ.), a 
 book each sheet of 
 which forms twenty-four 
 leaves or forty - eight 
 pages, usually about 5 x 
 3^2 in. ; abbr. 24mo. 
 
 tw^entymo or vigesimo 
 (typ.), a book each 
 sheet of which forms 
 twenty leaves or forty 
 pages, usually about 5x3 
 in. ; abbr. 20mo. 
 
 Twerton-on-Avon, Bath, 
 not Twiver-, Tiver-. 
 
 Twisleton - Wykeham - 
 Fiennes, family name of 
 Baron Saye and Sele. 
 
 two-line/ (typ.), having a 
 depth of body (or height 
 of letter on printed page) 
 equal to double that of the 
 size specified, as two-line 
 pica ; — type, plain 
 initial letters occupying 
 two lines in depth, and 
 used at the commence- 
 ment of a chapter, advert., 
 etc. 
 
 T.Y.C. (racing),Two-Year- 
 old Course. 
 
 tying, not tie-. 
 
 Tyler (John), 1790- 1862, 
 Amer. Pres. 184 1-5. 
 
 Tylor (E. B.), 1832-, 
 anthrop. 
 
 tympan/um, the ear-drum ; 
 pi. -a (5^^ fl/50 timpani). 
 
 Tyndale (WilUam), d. 
 1536, translator of Bible 
 {see also Tindal). 
 
 Tyndall (John), 1820-93, 
 
 physfcist. 
 Tyneihouth, Northumb. ; 
 
 pron. tin'muth (see also 
 
 Teign-). 
 tyP-, typographer, -ic, 
 
 -ical, -ly. 
 type, the most used kinds 
 
 in order of size : 
 
 pearl ■• 4^point. 
 
 nonpareil 6 ,, 
 
 minion 7 „ 
 
 brevier 8 ,, 
 
 bourgeois 8^ „ 
 
 long primer ...91^,, 
 {pron. prim'er). 
 
 small pica lo^ „ 
 pica 12 „ 
 
 english 14 „ 
 great pri- 
 mer 18 ,, 
 
 (5"^^ also these and other 
 names of types.) 
 
 typewriter, the machine, 
 
 typewritten copy (typ.), 
 this should always be re- 
 vised before being sent 
 to press. It is charged 
 as " manuscript," not 
 "printed," in Amer. by 
 U.S. law. 
 
 typist, the user of a type- 
 writer. 
 
 typography, the act, 
 process, or art of com- 
 posing and printing from 
 types, etc. ; abbr. typ. 
 
 Typothetae, American so- 
 ciety of master printers. 
 
 tyrannize, not -ise. 
 
 tyre (of a wheel), usual, hut 
 ti- correct. 
 
 tyro, pi. -s, not ti-. 
 
 Tyrol, Austria ; in Ger. Ti-. 
 
 Tyrwhitt, pron. tir'rit. 
 
 Tzar/, -evitch, -evna, 
 -ina, use Ts-. 
 
 Tzarskoye Selo, use 
 Tsars- — . 
 
 tzetze fly, use tsetse — . 
 380 
 
T NOTES 
 
T NOTES 
 
 sa* 
 
V. - UNCHEISTIAW 
 
 u 
 
 IT., all proper names 
 
 with this initial, the 
 
 twentieth in a series, 
 
 (Ger.) f//!r(clock,o' clock). 
 U, uranium. 
 (U.), Unionist. 
 U., (Ger.) und (and), unter 
 
 (among), (naut.) ugly, 
 
 threatening weather. 
 U. a. (Ger.), und andre (and 
 
 others), unter undent 
 
 (among others). 
 u. a. m. (Ger.), undandres 
 
 mehr (and so forth). 
 ubique (Lat.), everywhere. 
 Ubi supra (Lat.), in the 
 
 place above (mentioned) ; 
 
 abbr. U.S. 
 U.C., University College, 
 
 Upper Canada. 
 U.C. (typ.), upper case, (It. 
 
 mus.) una corda (on one 
 
 string) ; U.C.L., Univer- 
 sity College, London ; 
 
 U.C.S., ditto School. 
 Udaipur, Ind., not Odey- 
 
 pore, Oodey-, Ude-. 
 U.D.C., Urban District 
 
 Council. 
 U.E.I.C., United East 
 
 India Company. 
 XT.F.C, United Free Church 
 
 (of Scotland). 
 UfiBzi Gallery, Florence, 
 
 not -izzi. 
 Uhlan, Ger. light cavalry 
 
 soldier ; in Ger. Ulan. 
 Uliland (J. Ii.), 1787- 
 
 1862, Ger. poet. 
 f/ftr/ Ger.f.),clock,o'clock; 
 
 pL -en, abbr. U. (cap.). 
 XJ.J.D., Utriusque Juris 
 
 Doctor (Doctor of both 
 
 Laws). 
 U.K., United Kingdom. 
 U.K.A., Ulster King-of- 
 
 Arms, United Kingdom 
 
 Alliance. 
 
 383 
 
 ukase, Russian edict, not 
 oukaz. 
 
 Ulan, Ger. m. for Uhlan. 
 
 Ullswater, Cumberland, 
 not Ulles-. 
 
 Ulster, Ireland. 
 
 ulster, a coat (not cap.). 
 
 Ulster Klng-of-Arms*, 
 
 not at (cap. f/, two 
 
 hyphens) ; abbr. U.K.A. 
 
 ult. (should not be printed), 
 ultimo (last [month]). 
 
 Ultlmaj (Lat. f.), final ; — 
 haereSf the Crown or the 
 State ; — ratio, the last 
 resource ; — ratio re- 
 gum, resort to arms {see 
 also ThiQe). 
 
 ultimatum/, pi. -s. 
 
 ultimo {LsLt.), last month; 
 abbr. ult. (this should 
 not be printed). 
 
 ultimum vale (Lat.), the 
 last farewell. 
 
 Ultraj (Lat.), beyond, 
 extreme ; — vires, 
 beyond legal power. 
 
 Umballa, Ind., use Am-. 
 
 umbrfa, a shadow ; pi. -as. 
 
 umbrella/, pi. -a. 
 
 lunlaut, see A, a and 
 accents and diacriti- 
 cal marks. 
 
 Umritsur, Ind., use Am- 
 ritsar. 
 
 una corda (It. mus.), with 
 one string, or on the piano 
 with soft pedal ; abbr. u.c. 
 
 unanimous (a, not an). 
 
 unapparell/ed, -ing. 
 
 unauthorize, not -ise. 
 
 una voce (Lat.), unan- 
 imously. 
 
 unbaptize, not -ise. 
 
 unbiased, not -ssed. 
 
 unburden, not -then. 
 
 uncanny, not -ie. 
 
 unchristian (one word). 
 
UNCIATIM — UBBI 
 
 unciatim (Lat.), ounce by 
 ounce. 
 
 unclench, see clench. 
 
 unclinch, see clinch. 
 
 uncut edges, see edges. 
 
 undl (Ger.), and, abbr. U.; 
 — andre, a.nd others, abbr. 
 u. a. ; — andres mehr, 
 and so forth, abbr. u.a.m. 
 
 under-estimate (hyphen). 
 
 underhand (one word). 
 
 underlay (typ.), to make 
 type, cuts, etc., type-high. 
 
 underlie, not -ly. 
 
 underline (theat.), to 
 announce a forthcoming 
 performance at the foot 
 of an advertisement j 
 (typ.) use single line for 
 italics ; double, for small 
 capitals ; treble, for large 
 capitals ; wavy, for special 
 type, as clarendon. 
 
 under/sell, -tone (one 
 word). 
 
 under way, moving, not 
 — weigh (two words). 
 
 undl so fort (Ger.), and 
 so on, abbr. usf. ; — SO 
 welter, and so forth, 
 or etc., abbr. usw. 
 
 unenclosed*, not unin-. 
 
 uneven pages (typ.), 
 those with odd folios, as 
 i> 3, 5j the right-hand, 
 or recto, pages. 
 
 ungariscb (Ger.), Hungar- 
 ian; abbr. ung.{not cap.). 
 
 Ungarn, Ger. n. for Hun- 
 gary. 
 
 ungathered (typ.), printed 
 sheets not arranged in 
 book order. 
 
 unguent. 
 
 unicorn, uniform, union, 
 unison (a, not an). 
 
 Unionist, abbr. (TJ.). 
 
 uxii/son, in Fr. -sson. 
 
 Unit., Unitarian, -ism. 
 
 unit (a, not an). 
 
 Unitas Fratrum (Lat.), off. 
 for Moravian Church. 
 
 United Free Church of 
 Scotland (caps.), abbr. 
 
 U.F.C.; United/King. 
 dom(caps.), abbr. U.K.; 
 
 — ifcingdom Alliance 
 [for the suppression of the 
 Uquor traffic] (caps.), 
 abbr. U.K.A. ; — Pres- 
 byterian/, abbr. U.P. ; 
 
 — — Church (caps.), 
 abbr. U.P.C. {see also 
 U.S., U.S.I., U.S.S., 
 U.S.V.). 
 
 Univ., University. 
 
 universal (a, not an) ; 
 abbr. univ. 
 
 universalize, not -ise. 
 
 unlicensed. 
 
 unm., unmarried. 
 
 unmistakable, not -cable. 
 
 unmould, not -mold. 
 
 uno animo (Lat.), unan- 
 imously. 
 
 unopened edges, see 
 edges. 
 
 unparalleled. 
 
 unrival/, -led. 
 
 unsaleable, not -lable. 
 
 unserviceable, not -cable. 
 
 unskilful. 
 
 unterj (Ger.), among, abbr. 
 u. ; — andern, — others, 
 abbr. U. a. 
 
 until (typ.), should not be 
 divided. 
 
 untrammelled. 
 
 untr a veiled, not -eled. 
 
 U.P., United Presbyterian. 
 
 U.p., under proof. 
 
 up., upper. 
 
 U.P.C., United Presby- 
 terian Church. 
 
 uphroe (naut.), a crow- 
 foot, use euphroe*. 
 
 upper case (typ.), the 
 case containing caps., 
 s.caps., reference marks, 
 and accents ; abbr. u.c. 
 
 upstairs (one word). 
 
 up-to-date, adj. (hyphens). 
 
 uraBmia (path.), not ure-. 
 
 Ural Moxintains, not Ou-. 
 
 uranium, symbol U. 
 
 urari, use curare*. 
 
 urbi et orbi (Lat.), to the 
 city (Rome) and the world. 
 
 384 
 
URETHRA — VZ±S 
 
 urethr/a (anat.), pi -ee. 
 
 Urim and Thummim 
 (Scrip.) are plurals. 
 
 Urquhart, /»ro«. urk'urt. 
 
 Uru., Uruguay. 
 
 U.S., United Service, — 
 States; 11.8., ubi supra 
 (in the place above [men- 
 tioned]), ut supra (as 
 above) ; U.S.A., United 
 States Army, — — of 
 America. 
 
 usable, not -eable. 
 
 U.S.C., United States of 
 Colombia. 
 
 useful (a, not an). 
 
 usf. (Ger.), und so fort (and 
 so on). 
 
 U.S.I., United Service 
 Institution ; U.S.Ii., 
 
 United States Legation ; 
 U.S.M., ditto Mail, ditto 
 Marines ; U.S.M.A., 
 ditto Military Academy ; 
 U.S.N., ditto Navy ; 
 U.S.19".A., ditto Naval 
 Academy ; U.S.P. or 
 U.S.Pharm., ditto Phar- 
 
 macopoeia. 
 usquebaugh 
 whisky. 
 
 (Gaelic), 
 
 U.S.S., United States 
 Senate, ditto Ship, ditto 
 Steamer ;U.S.S.C., ditto 
 Supreme Court. 
 
 USU., usual, -ly. 
 
 usurper (a, not an). 
 
 U.S.V., United States 
 Volunteers. 
 
 USW. (Ger.), und so wetter 
 (and so forth, or etc.). 
 
 U.T., Utah Territory. 
 
 Ut., Utah. 
 
 Utakamund, not Ootaca- 
 mund. 
 
 ut dictum (Lat.), as di- 
 rected ; abbr. ut diet. 
 
 utilize, not -ise. 
 
 Ut infra (Lat.), as be- 
 low. 
 
 Uti possidetis (Lat.), as 
 you now possess (opposed 
 to status quo ante). 
 
 Utopia/, -n (caps.). 
 
 ut supra (Lat.), as above ; 
 abbr, U.S. 
 
 uxor (Lat.), wife; abbr. 
 ux. 
 
 Uzanne (Octave), 1852-, 
 Fr. writer. 
 
 Uzds (duohesse d*), 
 1 848-, Fr. writer. 
 
 38s 
 
 25 
 
U K-QTES 
 
 3^6 
 
V. — VARIETY 
 
 v., Vice-, Volunteers, all 
 proper names with this 
 initial ; it is not used 
 in the numeration of 
 series. 
 
 V, five, vanadium, (elec.) 
 volt, (math.) potential 
 energy. 
 
 v., ventral, verse, (math.) 
 vector, (phys.) velocity. 
 
 V, (Lat.), versus (against), 
 vide (see), (mus.) violino 
 (violin), voce (voice). 
 
 5^, sign for versicle. 
 
 V. A., Vicar- Apostolic, Vice- 
 Admiral, (Order of) 
 Victoria and Albert (for 
 ladies), Volunteer Artil- 
 lery. 
 
 Va., Virginia (oflBc. abbr.). 
 
 V.a., vixit . . . annos (lived 
 [so many] years). 
 
 vacillation. 
 
 vaccinat/e, -or. 
 
 vacu/um, pi. -a. 
 
 vade-mecum/, pi. -s (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 vas victisi (Lat.), woe to 
 the vanquished ! 
 
 vaille que vaille (Fr.), 
 whatever it may be worth, 
 at all events. 
 
 vainglor/y, -ions (one 
 word). 
 
 Vakat (Ger. typ. n.), blank 
 page. 
 
 vale (Lat.), farewell. 
 
 Valencia, Spain. 
 
 Valenciennes lace. 
 
 Valentia Island; Vis- 
 count — , not -cia. 
 
 Valentine's Day (St.), 
 14 February (apos.). 
 
 valet/, man-servant ; — de 
 chambre, a body-ser- 
 vant (not ital.); valetj 
 de pied, footman ; — de 
 place, a local guide (ital.). 
 
 Valhalla, not W-. 
 
 valkyrie, not w-. 
 
 Valladolid, Spain. 
 
 Valletort (Viscount), 
 pron. vaKa-tort. 
 
 Vallombrosa, N. Italy, 
 not Vallam-. 
 
 valour, but valorous. 
 
 Valparaiso, pron. -i'zo. 
 
 valse (Fr. f.), waltz. 
 
 Vamb6ry (Arminius), 
 1832-, Hung, traveller. 
 
 van, or van der (typ.), 
 this prefix usually I.e., 
 but copy signature. 
 
 vanadium, symbol V. 
 
 Vanbrugh, /'row . van' broo. 
 
 Van Diemen's Land, 
 not — Dieman's — 
 (apos.) ; Mozt; Tasmania. 
 
 Van Dyck (Sir An- 
 thony), 1599-1641, 
 painter (two words). 
 
 Van Dyke (Rev.' H.), 
 1852-, writer. 
 
 Vandyke/ brown, — 
 collar, — edge, — lace, 
 etc., not -dyck (two words, 
 not cap.). 
 
 Vane - Tempest - Stew- 
 art, family name of 
 Marquess of London- 
 derry (hyphens). 
 
 Vanhomrigh (Esther), 
 1692-1723, Swift's "Van- 
 essa." 
 
 van't Hoff( Jacobus H.), 
 1 852-, Du. chemist. 
 
 vaporize, not -ise. 
 
 vapour, but vaporous. 
 
 var. (biol.), variety, (math.) 
 variant. 
 
 vatila lectiof (Lat.), a 
 variant reading, abbr, 
 v.l. ; pi. -« -nes, abbr. 
 vv.ll. 
 
 variant (math.), abbr. 
 var. 
 
 variety (biol.), abbr. var. 
 {see also botany). 
 387 25 * 
 
VARIORUM — VEREINIGTE 
 
 variorum edition, one 
 
 with notes by various 
 commentators. 
 
 variorum notas (Lat.), 
 notes by commentators. 
 
 vasj (an at.), a duct ; pi. -a. 
 
 vascul/um, bot. specimen 
 case ; pi. -a. 
 
 Vassar College, New 
 York. 
 
 Vat., Vatican. 
 
 Vaux (Baron), pron. 
 vOx. 
 
 V.B., Volunteer Battalion. 
 
 vb., verb. 
 
 V.C., Vice-Chairman, — 
 -Chancellor, Victoria 
 
 Cross ; v. Chr. (Ger.), 
 vorChristus, vorChristo, or 
 vor Christi Geburt (e.g.). 
 
 V.D., Volunteer (officers) 
 Decoration; v.d., various 
 dates ; V.D.M. (Amer.), 
 Verbi Dei Minister 
 (Preacher of the Word 
 of God). 
 
 V«, veuve (widow). 
 
 veau\ (Fr. m.), calf, (cook.) 
 veal, (binding) calf, calf- 
 skin ; — racine aux 
 nerfs, tree-marbled calf 
 with bands. 
 
 vector (math.), abbr. v. 
 
 vedette, mounted sentinel, 
 not vi-. 
 
 Vehmgericht/, Ger. medi- 
 eval tribunal, not Feh-, 
 Fem- ; pi. -e (not ital.). 
 
 veille (Fr. f.), the day 
 before, eve {see also 
 vielle). 
 
 Velazquez (D. de Silva), 
 1599-1660, Sp. painter, 
 not Velas- ; Sp. pron. va- 
 luth-keth. 
 
 veld, Afr. unforested coun- 
 try, not -dt ; pron. felt. 
 
 vellum/, very smooth 
 parchment ; — -paper, 
 that imitating vellum. 
 
 velocity (phys.), abbr. v. 
 
 velvety. 
 
 Ven., Venerable (used to 
 Archdeacon only). 
 
 venaison (Fr. f.), venison. 
 
 venalj^ of a vein, also sordid 
 (5^^ hlso venial). 
 
 Vendue (La), dep. France. 
 
 vend/er, in law -or. 
 
 vendetta, a blood feud 
 (not ital.). 
 
 Venddme Colonne, and 
 Place, Paris. 
 
 venerat/e, -or. 
 
 venesection, blood-lettin g. 
 
 Venet., Venetian. 
 
 Venetian blind (not cap.). 
 
 Venezuela, abbr. Venez., 
 pron. ven'ez-wfil-a. 
 
 venial, pardonable {see also 
 venal). 
 
 vente au rabais (Fr. f.), 
 sale at reduced prices. 
 
 ventilat/e, -or. 
 
 ventral, abbr. v. 
 
 ventre k terre (Fr.), at full 
 speed. 
 
 ventriloquize, not -ise. 
 
 Ver. (Ger.), Verein (Asso- 
 ciation). 
 
 vera causa (Lat.), a truq 
 cause. 
 
 veranda, not -ah. 
 
 verb, abbr. vb. 
 
 verbalize, not -ise. 
 
 verbatim (Lat.), word for 
 word (not ital.) ; ver- 
 batim, literatim, et 
 punctatim, word for 
 word, letter for letter, 
 and point for point (ital.). 
 
 Verbi Dei Minister 
 (Lat.), Preacher of the 
 Word of God ; abbr. 
 V.D.M. 
 
 verbum satis sapienti 
 (Lat.), a word to the wise 
 suffices ; ahhr.verb. sap. 
 (or sat. ). 
 
 verd-antique, a stone, not 
 verde (hyphen). 
 
 verderer, forester, not -or. 
 
 verdigris, not verde-. 
 
 Verein (Ger. m.). Asso- 
 ciation (cap.); abbr. Ver. 
 
 Vereinigte Staaten, Ger. 
 for United States (of 
 America) ; abbr. Ver. St. 
 
VEBESTCHAGIN — VIEILLE 
 
 Verestohagin (Vasili), 
 
 1842-1904, Russ. painter, 
 verier (Fr.m.), an orchard. 
 Vergil, use Vi-. 
 Vergil (Polydore), 1470- 
 
 I555> writer. 
 Verlagsbucbhandler 
 
 (Ger. m.), publisher, -s 
 
 (cap.). 
 vermilion, not -llion. 
 Vermont, oif. abbr. Vt. 
 vermuth, an appetizer ; 
 
 in Fr. m. vermoutb, in 
 
 Ger. m. Wermut 
 Verrocchio (Andrea 
 
 del), 1435-88, painter, 
 
 not the many variations. 
 Versailles, near Paris. 
 versales (Sp.typ.), capitals. 
 versa! Illas (Sp. typ. f.), 
 
 small capitals. 
 vers de sociStS (Fr. m.), 
 
 society verses. 
 verae, abbr. v., />/. vv. 
 versicle (typ.), the sign f 
 
 used in religious works. 
 verso (typ.), the left-hand 
 
 page of an open book, 
 
 usually bearing an even 
 
 number,as 2, 4, 6; abbr. v°. 
 Ver. St. (Ger.), Vereinigte 
 
 Staaten (U.S.A.). 
 versus (Lat.), against (not 
 
 ital.); abbr. v, (ital.). 
 vertebr/a,/*/. -sb (not ital.) . 
 Vertebrata, is plural. 
 vert/ex, pi. -ices, 
 vertu, use vi-. 
 Vertue (George), 1684- 
 
 1756, engraver. 
 verve, spirit (not ital.). 
 Very Rev., Very Rever- 
 end (for Deans only). 
 vessels* names, to be 
 
 roman double-quoted and 
 
 not italic. 
 vestigia (Lat. pi.), traces, 
 vet, veterinary surgeon. 
 veto/, pi. -es. 
 vetturinjo (It.), jobmaster ; 
 
 pi. -/. 
 veut {Fr. m.), widower. 
 veuve (Fr. f.), widow; 
 
 abbr. v®. 
 
 Vevey, Switz., not -ay. 
 
 vexata quasstio (Lat.), 
 a disputed question. 
 
 V.G., Vicar-General. 
 
 via (Lat.), by way of, not 
 -a (not ital.). 
 
 via media (Lat.), a middle 
 course (ital.). 
 
 viator/, a traveller ; pi. -es. 
 
 Vic, Victoria. 
 
 Vicar/-Apostollc, abbr. 
 V.A.; — General, V.G. 
 
 Vicars* College, a cath- 
 edral residence. 
 
 vice, a tool, not -se. 
 
 Vice/, abbr. V. ; Ad- 
 miral, abbr. V.A. ; 
 
 — -Chairman, V.C. ; 
 
 — -Chamberlain; — 
 -Chancellor, V.C. ; 
 Consul; Presi- 
 dent, V.P. ; Regent 
 
 (hyphens, caps.). 
 
 Viceroy (cap. ), viceregal. 
 
 vice versa (Lat.), the 
 order being changed (no 
 hyphen or accent, not 
 ital.). 
 
 victimize, not -ise. 
 
 Victoria/, abbr. Vic. ; — 
 and Albert (Order of), 
 for ladies, abbr. V.A. ; — 
 Cross, abbr. V.C. ; — 
 Regina et Impera- 
 trix (Lat.), Victoria 
 Queen and Empress, abbr. 
 V.R. et I. 
 
 victoria, a carriage. 
 
 victual/, -led, -ler, -ling. 
 
 vide\ (Lat.), see, abbr. v.; 
 (It. mus.), open ; — ante, 
 see before ; — infra, — 
 below ; videiicet, namely 
 (one word), abbr. viz. ; 
 vide] post, see below ; — 
 supra, — above, abbr. 
 v.s, 
 
 vidette, use ve-. 
 
 videtur (Lat.), it seems. 
 
 vide ut supra (Lat.), see 
 as above. 
 
 vie, vying. 
 
 vieille (Fr. f.), an old 
 woman (see also veilie). 
 
 389 
 
VIEIiLE — VISOR 
 
 Vielle (Fr. fO, a hurdy- 
 gurdy {see also veille and 
 vieille). 
 
 Vienna, in Ger. Wien, in 
 Fr. Vienne. 
 
 viennoise {k la) (Fr.), in 
 Viennese style (not cap.). 
 
 vient de paraftre {un 
 livre) (Fr.), just pub- 
 lished (of a book). 
 
 vi et armis (Lat.), by force 
 and arms. 
 
 vieaxj comme le monde 
 (Fr.), old as the hills ; 
 — fratlfais. Old French 
 (not cap.) ; du vieux 
 temps, quite old- 
 fashioned. 
 
 Vieuxtemps (Henri), 
 1820 81, violinist. 
 
 view-hallo* (hunt.), not 
 the many variations. 
 
 vigesimo, see t-wentymo. 
 
 vigesimo- quarto, see 
 
 twenty-fourmo. 
 
 vignettes (typ.), illustra- 
 tionswith undefinededges. 
 
 vigour, but vigorous. 
 
 vik/ing, pron. veek'ing ; 
 (typ.) if necessary divide 
 at stroke. 
 
 vilify. 
 
 village, abbr. vil. 
 
 villageoise (a la) (Fr.), 
 in village style. 
 
 villain/, -age, -ize, -ous, 
 -y, not -an, -ein, -en. 
 
 vlJIegglatura (It.f.), retire- 
 ment in the country. 
 
 Villiers, family name of 
 Earls of Clarendon and 
 Jersey ; pron. vil'lers. 
 
 vinaigrette,a scent-holder, 
 not vinegar-. 
 
 vincul/um (typ.), a brace ; 
 pi. -a. 
 
 vin dupays (Fr. m.), wine 
 of the neighbourhood. 
 
 vingt-et-un, card game 
 (hyphens). 
 
 vin ordinaire (Fr. m.), a 
 cheap wine, usually red. 
 
 violat/e, -or. 
 
 violino (It.), violin; abbr. v. 
 
 VioUet-le-duc (E. E.), 
 
 i8i4-p79, Fr. writer, 
 violonbell/o, not violin-; pi . 
 
 -OS, abbr. 'cello ; -ist. 
 virago/, pi. -es. 
 Virchow (Rudolf), 
 
 1821-1902, pathol. ; pron. 
 
 fear'khO. 
 Virgil, 70-19 B. c, poet, not 
 
 Ve- ; in Lat. Vergilius. 
 Virginia, offic. abbr. Va. 
 Virginia creeper (bot.), 
 
 not -ian — (not cap.). 
 virginibus puerisque 
 
 (Lat.), for girls and boys. 
 virgola (It. typ. f.), comma. 
 virgolette (It. typ. f. pi.), 
 
 quotation marks. 
 virgule (Fr. typ. f.), 
 
 comma.; point et — , semi- 
 colon. 
 viritim (Lat.), man by man. 
 virtu (articles o^, not 
 
 ve- (not ital.). 
 virtuos/o, one skilled in 
 
 an art, pi. -os ; fern, -a, 
 
 pi. -as. 
 vis\ (Lat.f.), force, pi. vires ; 
 
 — a tergo, force from 
 
 behind. 
 visa (Fr. m.), signature, 
 
 endorsement {see also 
 
 visS). 
 vis-a-vis (Fr.), face to face 
 
 (hyphens), 
 viscount/, -ess, -y (when 
 
 alone not cap.) ; abbr. 
 
 Vise, 
 visc/us (Lat.), an organ ; 
 
 pi. -era. 
 vise, a tool, use vice. 
 visjS (Fr. past participle), 
 
 /em. -6e, signed, endorsed 
 
 {see also visa), 
 viser (Fr.), to aim, to en- 
 dorse {see also visser). 
 Vishnu, second person of 
 
 the Hindu triad, 
 visitor, not -er. 
 visi major (Lat.), superior 
 
 force ; — medicatrix 
 
 naturSB, nature's power 
 
 of healing. 
 visor, a cap peak, not viz-. 
 
 390 
 
VISSER — VOR 
 
 visser (Fr.), to screw {see 
 
 also viser). 
 vista/, a view ; pi. -s. 
 visualize, not -ise. 
 vis viva (Lat.), living force, 
 vitalize, not -ise. 
 vitiat/e, -or. 
 vituperat/e, -or. 
 viva I (It.), long live ! 
 vivandiler (Fr.), fern. 
 
 'dre, army sutler. 
 vivant rex et reginal 
 
 (Lat.), long live the King 
 
 and Queen ! 
 vivari/um, enclosure for 
 
 living things ; pi. -a. 
 vlvatj reginal (Lat.), long 
 
 live the Queen! — rext 
 
 ditto the King ! 
 viva/ voce, orally, not viva 
 
 — ; Eng. pi. — voces 
 
 (not ital.). 
 vivejl (Fr.), long live ! — 
 
 la RSpubliqueJ ditto 
 
 the Republic ! — FempC' 
 
 reurl ditto the Emperor ! 
 Vivian (Sir -Aji;hur 
 
 Pendarves), 1834- ; — 
 
 fam. name of Barons 
 
 Swansea and Vivian {see 
 
 also Vy-). 
 vivisect/, -or. 
 vixit...annos (Lat.), lived 
 
 (so many) years ; abbr. 
 
 v.a. 
 viz., videlicet (namely) (not 
 
 ital.) ; (typ.) comma be- 
 fore, but use of namely 
 
 preferred. 
 vizier, a Mohammedan 
 
 official, «o^-ir, -sier. 
 vizor, use vis-. . 
 V.I., varia lectio (a variant 
 
 reading). 
 V. M, (Ger.), vorigen Monats 
 
 (last month). 
 V.M.H., Victoria Medal of 
 
 Honour (R. Hort. Soc). 
 V.O., (Royal) Victorian 
 
 Order, 
 v., verso (left-hand page). 
 V. O. (Ger.), von oben (from 
 
 the top). 
 yoo., vocative. 
 
 vocab., vocabulary. 
 vocalize, not -ise. 
 vocative, abbr. voc. 
 voce (It. mus.), voice ; abbr. 
 
 V. {see also VOX). 
 Voeleker (Dr. J. A.), 
 
 analyst. 
 Voelker gas mantle. 
 vogue la galhrel (Fr.), 
 
 happen what may ! 
 Vogii6 (vicomte M. de), 
 
 1 848-, Fr. writer. 
 VOilhj (Fr.), see there! — 
 
 tout, that is all. 
 voile (Fr. m.), a veil; (f.) 
 
 a sail. 
 Vokal (Ger. m.), vowel 
 
 (cap.). 
 vol., volume. 
 volaille (Fr. f.), fowl, 
 
 poultry. 
 volant (Fr. dress, m.), a 
 
 flounce. 
 Volapiik, a universal 
 
 language. 
 volatilize, not -ise. 
 vol-au-vent (Fr. cook. 
 
 m.), puff-pie. 
 volcano/, pi. -es. 
 vol (Tolseau {k) (Fr. m.), 
 
 as the crow flies. 
 Volksliedj (Ger. n.), a folk- 
 
 song ; pi. -er (cap.). 
 Volksraad, S. Afr. legis- 
 lative assembly. 
 vols., volumes, 
 volt (elec), unit of E.M.F., 
 
 abbr. V. 
 volta SUbitO (It. mus.), turn 
 
 over quickly ; abbr. v.S. 
 volume, abbr. vol.,/*/. vols. 
 Volunteer Artillery, 
 
 abbr. V.A. 
 Volunteers, abbr. V. 
 von, this prefix usually I.e., 
 
 but copy signature. 
 von I oben (Ger.), from the 
 
 top, abbr. v. o. ; — unten, 
 
 from the bottom, abbr. 
 
 V. u. 
 vorChristiOeburt, or vor 
 
 Christus, or vor Chris- 
 
 to (Ger.), B.C. ; abbr. 
 
 V. Chr. 
 
 391 
 
VOEIGEW — VYVYAN 
 
 vorigen Monats (Ger.), 
 
 last month ; abbr. V. M. 
 
 VOrm, (Ger.), vormittags (in 
 the forenoon, a.m.), voY' 
 mals (formerly). 
 
 vormals (Ger.), formerly ; 
 abbr. VOtm. (not cap.). 
 
 vormittags (Ger.), in the 
 forenoon, or a.m. ; abbr. 
 vorm. (not cap.). 
 
 Vorrede (Ger. f.), preface 
 (cap.). 
 
 vort/ex,/>/. -ices. 
 
 Vbrwort (Ger. n.), preface, 
 preposition (cap,). 
 
 vouch/er, in law -or. 
 
 VOXl (Lat. f.), voice, pi. 
 voces; — populi, public 
 sentiment. 
 
 voyelle (Fr. f.), vowel. 
 
 voyezi (Fr.), see! look! 
 abbr. V, 
 
 V.P., Vice-President. 
 
 V.R., Victoria Regina 
 (Queen Victoria). 
 
 vraisemblance (not ital.). 
 
 V.R.C., Volunteer Rifle 
 Corps ; V.R. et I., Vic- 
 toria Regina et Imperatrix 
 (Victoria Queen and Em- 
 press) ; V.R.P., Vestra 
 Reverendissima Patemitas 
 (Your Most Reverend 
 Paternity). 
 
 V.S., Veterinary Surgeon ; 
 V.S. (Fr. chron.), vieux 
 
 style (old style), (Lat.) 
 vide ^upra (see above), 
 (It. vans.) voltasubito {turn 
 over quickly) ; "V.S.C, 
 Volunteer Staff Corps. 
 
 V.T., Veins Testamentum 
 (Old Test.). 
 
 Vt., Vermont (ofHc. abbr.). 
 
 V, U. (Ger.), von unten (from 
 the bottom). 
 
 vue d*oiseau (h) (Fr. f.), 
 from a bird's-eye view. 
 
 Vuillaume, family of mus. 
 instrument makers. 
 
 vulcanize, not -ise. 
 
 Vulg., the Vulgate. 
 
 vulg., vulgar, -ly. 
 
 vulgar fractions, see 
 fractions. 
 
 vulgarize, not -ise. 
 
 Vulgate, the Latin Bible 
 of the R.C.C. ; abbr. 
 Vulg. 
 
 VltlgO (Lat.), commonly. 
 
 W., verses, (mus.) first 
 and second violins. 
 
 VV.U., varix lectiones (vari- 
 ant readings). 
 
 V.W., Very Worshipful. 
 
 v.y. (bibliog.), various years. 
 
 vying. 
 
 Vymwy liake, Oswestry. 
 
 Vyvyan (Rev. Sir V.D.), 
 1826- ; — (Rt. Rev. 
 W. Ii.), Bishop of Zulu- 
 land {^see also Vivian). 
 
 39a 
 
V NOTES 
 
 393 
 
W. — WALTHER 
 
 w 
 
 W., Wales, warden, Wed- 
 nesday, Welsh, west, -ern. 
 Western postal district, 
 London, all proper names 
 with this initial ; it is not 
 used in the numeration of 
 series. 
 
 W, wolfram (tungsten). 
 
 W., week, -s, wife, (naut.) 
 wet dew. 
 
 W.A., Western Australia. 
 
 w^abble, not wo-. 
 
 "W.A.F.F., West African 
 Frontier Force. 
 
 W. Afr., West Africa. 
 
 wagon/, -er, -ette, not 
 wagg-. 
 
 wagonj (Fr. m.), a railway 
 
 carriage ; lit, sleeping 
 
 car. 
 
 wagtail, a bird (one word). 
 
 Wahabis, a Mohammedan 
 sect, not -ees. 
 
 " Wahrheit (Dichtung 
 und)»» (Ger.) (Truth 
 and Fiction), by Goethe. 
 
 Waiapu (Bp. of), New 
 Zealand. 
 
 Wai-hai-wei, use Wei-. 
 
 Wain (Charles's) (astr.). 
 
 wainscot/, -ed, -ing. 
 
 wakeful. 
 
 Wakley (Thomas), 1795- 
 1862, founded ** The 
 Lancet" in 1823 (see also 
 Walkley). 
 
 Wal., Walloon. 
 
 Walachian, use Wall-. 
 
 Walbrodt (C. A.), 1871-, 
 chess player. 
 
 Walcot, Bath, Norwich ; 
 Walcote, Lutterworth; 
 Walcott, Lincoln (see 
 also Woloot). 
 
 Waldteufel (Emil), Ger- 
 man composer. 
 
 wale, a flesh mark, m5^ weal, 
 
 waler, a N.S.W. horse. 
 
 Wales, abbr. W. 
 
 Walhalla, use V-. 
 
 Walker (Matthew), a 
 knot. 
 
 walking-stick (hyphen). 
 
 Walkley (A. B.), 1855-, 
 writer {see also Wakley). 
 
 walk-over, no competition 
 (hyphen) ; abbr. W.O. 
 
 ** Walkiire (Die),'* second 
 part of Wagner's " Nibe- 
 lungen-Ring." 
 
 w^alkyrie, use v-. 
 
 walla (Ind.), a man, not -ah. 
 
 wallaby, a small kangaroo, 
 not the many variations. 
 
 Wallace (Alfred Russel, 
 not -ell), 1822-, natural- 
 ist ; — (Sir Donald M.), 
 1841-, writer ; — (Prof. 
 Bobert), 1853-, agric. 
 writer; — (Sir Wil- 
 liam), 1272-1305, Scot, 
 hero ; — (W. V.), 1814- 
 65, composer (^see also 
 Wallas, Wallis). 
 
 Wallachian, not Wala-. 
 
 Wallas (Graham), 1858-, 
 writer (see also Wallace, 
 Wallis). 
 
 wall-eyed (hyphen). 
 
 wallflower (one word). 
 
 WalUs (G. H.), 1847-, 
 art writer ; — (Henry), 
 1830-, painter ; — (John), 
 1616-1703, a founder of 
 the Royal Society ; — 
 ( Whitworth), art writer 
 (see also Wallace, 
 Wallas). 
 
 Walloon, abbr. Wal. 
 
 Wallop, fam. name of Earl 
 of Portsmouth ; pron. 
 w6l'up. 
 
 wall-paper (hyphen). 
 
 Walpurgis night, the 
 one preceding i May. 
 
 Walther (Otto), 1855-, 
 director of the Nordrach- 
 Kolonie. 
 
 394 
 
WALTON — WELCHER 
 
 Walton (Izaak), 1593- 
 
 1683, wrote " Compleat 
 
 Angler." 
 waltz, a dance ; in Fr. f. 
 
 valse (not ital.). 
 W. & A. (bot.), Wight and 
 
 Arnott. 
 W. & M., William and 
 
 Mary (King and Queen), 
 wapiti, Amer. elk, not 
 
 wapp-. 
 War, Warwickshire. 
 Ward (Mrs. Humphry, 
 
 not -rey), 1851-, writer. 
 warden, abbr. W. 
 Warington (Robert), 
 
 1 838-, F.R.S. {see also 
 
 Warr-). 
 War Office, abbr. W.O. 
 warrant/er, in law -or. 
 w^arrant-offieer(hyphen). 
 Warre (Edmond), 1837-, 
 
 late head master of Eton. 
 Warrington, Lanes {see 
 
 also Wari-). 
 Warwickshire, abbr. 
 
 War. 
 wasegoose, use wayz- 
 Wash., Washington (offic. 
 
 abbr.). 
 w^ash-drawing, one made 
 
 with a brush and black 
 
 or neutral tint. 
 w^ashhouse (one word), 
 wasn't (ty p.), to be close up. 
 watch/case, -maker, 
 
 -w^ord (one word). 
 water-closet (hyphen), 
 
 abbr. W.C. (s.caps.). 
 water/course, -fall (one 
 
 word) ; lily (hyphen). 
 
 w^atering-place(hyphen). 
 watermark (typ.), a de- 
 sign within the paper 
 
 itself (one word). 
 w^ater/proof, -works (one 
 
 word). 
 Watling Street, a Roman 
 
 road in England. 
 watt (elec), power, 
 w^attling, twig structure. 
 Watts - Dunton (Theo- 
 dore), writer, 
 w^aul, a cat-cry, not -wl. 
 wav/e, -y. 
 
 w^ay (under), moving, not 
 — weigh (two words). 
 
 wavy rule (typ.), v.-.^n.^s.^. 
 
 Waynflete (William of), 
 1395-1486, Bp. of Win- 
 chester, Lord Chancellor. 
 
 W^ayzgoose/, printers' an- 
 nual dinner, etc., not the 
 many variations ; pi. -s. 
 
 Waziristan, Afghanistan, 
 not Wazar-. 
 
 W.B., way-bill. 
 
 W.C, Wesleyan Chapel, 
 Western - Central postal 
 district, London ; W.C, 
 water - closet, without 
 charge ; W.C.T.U., 
 
 Women's Christian Tem- 
 perance Union. 
 
 "W.©., War Department, 
 Works ditto. 
 
 W^eal, a flesh mark, not wale. 
 
 wear, of a river, use weir. 
 
 w^easand, the gullet, not 
 wez-. 
 
 w^eathercock (one word). 
 
 Webb (Sidney), 1859-, 
 writer. 
 
 Wedgwood ware, not 
 wedge- (no cap. or hy- 
 phen). 
 
 Wednesday, abbr. W., or 
 Wed. 
 
 week/, -s, abbr. w., or wk. 
 
 weekday (one word); in 
 Fr., not cap., as lundi. 
 
 w^eever, a fish. 
 
 weigh (under), moving, 
 use — w^ay. 
 
 weight, abbr. wt. 
 
 weights (typ.), use fig- 
 ures ; abbreviations as 
 cwt.,qr.,lb.,oz.,Ko^tohave 
 5 added for the plural. 
 
 Wei-hai-wei, not Wai-. 
 
 weir, of a river, not -ar. 
 
 Weismann (August), 
 1834-, zool. 
 
 Weissnichtwo, in "Sar- 
 tor Resartus." 
 
 Weizsacker (Julius), 
 1828-89, hist.; — (Karl\ 
 1822-99, theol. ; pron. 
 vlt'za-kr. 
 
 welcher (turf), not -sher. 
 
 395 
 
WELDON — WHISTLER 
 
 Weldon(SirA.A.),i863-; 
 
 — (W. P. R.), zool. {see 
 also Welldon). 
 
 "welk, use wh-. 
 ■well/-being, — -born, 
 
 — -bred (hyphens). 
 Welldon ( Canon J.E.C.), 
 
 1854-, Bp. of Calcutta 
 1898-1901 (see also Wel- 
 don). 
 
 Wellhausen (Julius), 
 1844-, Ger. theologian. 
 
 ■wellnigh (one word). 
 
 well-to-do (hyphens). 
 
 Welsh, abbr. W. ; (typ.) 
 alphabet has 26 letters; 
 ch, dd, ff, ng, II, th, being 
 each counted as one. No 
 j, k, q, V, X, z. In addition 
 to the usual accents, w 
 ( = 00) and y may have 
 the cirtumflex. 
 
 welsher (turf), use -cher. 
 
 welsh rabbit (cook.), not 
 
 — rarebit (not cap.). 
 Welwitschia (bot.). 
 Wemyss (Earl o/); pron. 
 
 weemz. 
 Wergeland (Henrik), 
 
 1808-45, Norw. poet. 
 wergild, a fine, not were-. 
 Werkj (Ger. typ. n.), a 
 
 work ; pi. -e (cap.). 
 werwolf (myth.), a man- 
 wolf, not were-, 
 west/, -ern, abbr. W. {see 
 
 also compass). 
 West Africa, abbr. W. 
 
 Afr. 
 Westcott(B.Foss), 1825- 
 
 1901, Bp. of Durham. 
 West End, London (caps.). 
 westeria, use w^istaria. 
 Western Australia, abbr. 
 
 W.A. 
 Westmeath, Co. Ire. ; — 
 
 (Earl of) (one word), 
 Westmorland, offic. ; — 
 
 (Earl of), not -eland. 
 West Virginia, abbr. W. 
 
 Va. 
 W.f. (typ.), wrong fount (see 
 
 proof correction marks 
 
 and wrong fount). 
 
 W.g., wire gauge. 
 
 w^haletoone (one word). 
 
 w^hallkbee, use w^allaby. 
 
 whar/f, abbr. whf. ; pi. 
 -ves. 
 
 Wharfedale, Yorks. 
 
 what-d*ye-call-it ? (col- 
 loq.) (hyphens, apos.). 
 
 Whately (Richard), 
 1787-1863, Abp. of Dub- 
 lin, not -ey. 
 
 Whatman paper, a first- 
 quality English hand-made 
 drawing paper (cap.). 
 
 whatnot, a piece of fur- 
 niture with shelves (one 
 word). 
 
 w^heatear, a bird (one 
 word). 
 
 w^heat-ear, an ear of wheat 
 (hyphen). 
 
 w^heelbarrow (one word). 
 
 Wheeler (J. Talboys), 
 1824-97, hist, of India. 
 
 Wheler (Sir T. W.), 
 1 889-. 
 
 whelk, a mollusc, not we-. 
 
 w^hereas (law), a word 
 which introduces the re- 
 cital of a fact (one word, 
 usually cap.). 
 
 whether or not {not — 
 — no). 
 
 whf., wharf. 
 
 which (gram.), now refers 
 exclusively to things ; who, 
 to persons. 
 
 whiffle-tree,Ms^ Whipple-. 
 
 w^hile aw^ay, not wi-. 
 
 •whilom, not -e. 
 
 w^himbrel, a bird, not 
 wim-. 
 
 whimsey, a freak, not 
 -sy. 
 
 whipper/-in, pi. — s-in. 
 
 whipple-tree, «o/ whiflfle-. 
 
 whip-poor-will, a bird 
 (hyphens). 
 
 whirl/pool, -wind (one 
 word). 
 
 whisky, not -ey. 
 
 Whistler (J. McNeill, 
 not -eil), 1834-1903, 
 painter, etc. 
 
 396 
 
WHITAKER — WINCEY 
 
 "Whitaker & Sons, pub- 
 lishers of "Almanack" 
 {noi -ac), etc., Warwick 
 Lane, E.G. {see also 
 Whittaker). 
 
 "Whit/e (typ.), any space of 
 paper not printed upon; 
 -ish, -y ; white/ edges, 
 see edges ; — line, a line 
 not printed upon. 
 
 Whitehall, London (one 
 word). 
 
 Whiteing (Richard), 
 1840-, writer. 
 
 •whitening, ttoi whitn-, 
 -ting. 
 
 white out (typ.), to space 
 out composed matter, 
 such as a title page. 
 
 White's Club, London. 
 
 White - Thomson (Sir 
 R. T.), 1831-. 
 
 whitewash (one word). 
 
 whiting, use whiten-. 
 
 Whitman (Walt), 1819- 
 92, Amer. poet. 
 
 Whit/-Monday, -Sun- 
 day, seventh after Easter 
 (caps., hyphen). 
 
 Whittaker & Co., pub- 
 lishers, White Hart St., 
 E.G. (5^^ a/so Whitaker). 
 
 Whittier (J. G.), 1807-92, 
 Amer. poet. 
 
 Whittingehame, Pres- 
 tonkirk ; pron. -jam. 
 
 Whittingham, Lanes, 
 Northumb.; — (Charles), 
 1 767-1840, founder Ghis- 
 wickPress;/>ro«.-ing-ham. 
 
 Whittlesea, Gambs, not 
 -sey. 
 
 W^hiz, not -zz. 
 
 W.H.M.A., Women's 
 Home Missionary Asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 who (gram.), now refers 
 exclusively to persons : 
 which, to things. 
 
 whoa I stop ! 
 
 w^hole-bound, bound 
 
 wholly in leather. 
 
 whooping-cough*, not 
 hoop- — (hyphen). 
 
 w^ho*s, who is (apos.). 
 Whyte-Melville (G. J.), 
 
 1821-78, writer (hyphen). 
 W.I., West Indies, -ian. 
 wich/-elm, -hazel, use 
 
 wy-. ,- 
 
 Wicltffe, see Wy-. : - - 
 wide/awake,-spread(one 
 
 word). 
 w^idgeon, a bird, not wig-. 
 Widtnung (Ger. typ. f.), 
 
 dedication. 
 Wieland (C. M.), 1733- 
 
 1813, Ger. writer. 
 Wien, in Eng. Vienna. 
 Wieniawski (Henri), 
 
 1835-80, violinist, com- 
 poser ; — (Joseph), 
 
 1857-, painter. 
 Wiesbaden (one word). 
 wife, abbr. w. 
 Wigan (Sir Frederick), 
 
 1827-. 
 wigeon, use widg-. 
 Wiggin (Sir Henry), 
 
 1824- ; — (Mrs. K. D.), 
 
 writer. 
 Wight (Isle of), abbr. 
 
 I.W. 
 Wigorn., signature Bp. of 
 
 Worcester (full point). 
 Wigton, Gumberland. 
 Wigtown, Scotland. 
 Wilde (Henry), 1833-, 
 
 electrician, 
 wild-fow^l (hyphen). 
 wile aw^ay, use w^h- — . 
 wilful/, -ly,-ness,«o/ will-. 
 Wilhelmj (August), 
 
 1 845-, Ger. violinist. 
 Wilhelmshafen, Ger. 
 
 naval station (one word). 
 will-o*-the- wisp,the ignis 
 fatuus (apos., hyphens). 
 Willoughby de Eresby 
 
 (Lord), pron. — derz'bg. 
 Willshire (Sir A. R. T.), 
 
 1850-. 
 Wiltshire, abbr. Wilts. 
 Wimborne (Baron), 
 w^imbrel, use w^h-. 
 Winawer (S.), i839-,chess 
 
 player. 
 win/cey, a cloth, use -sey. 
 
 397 
 
WINCHELSEA —WORMWOOD 
 
 Winchelsea, Sussex. 
 
 Winchilsea (Earl of). 
 
 Winckelmann (J. J.), 
 1717-68, Ger. art critic. 
 
 wind (naut.), i, light air; 
 2, light breeze ; 3, gentle 
 — ; 4, moderate — ; 5, 
 fresh — ; 6, strong — ; 
 7, moderate gale ; 8, fresh 
 — ; 9, strong — ; 10, 
 whole — ; II, storm ; la, 
 hurricane. 
 
 Wind. I., Windward Is- 
 lands. 
 
 win/e, -y. 
 
 winepress (one word). 
 
 winsey, a cloth, not -cey. 
 
 wint/er, -ry (not cap.). 
 
 wintergreen (one word). 
 
 Winton., signature Bp. of 
 Winchester (full point). 
 
 W.I.E.., West India Regi- 
 ment. 
 
 wire gauge, abbr. w.g. 
 
 wisard, use wiz-. 
 
 Wisbech,Cambs, not -each. 
 
 Wise, Wisconsin (offic. 
 abbr.). 
 
 Wisdom of Solomon 
 (Apocr.), no abbr. 
 
 wiseacre (one word). 
 
 Wislicenus (Johannes), 
 1 835-, chemist. 
 
 wistaria (bot.), not weste-. 
 
 witch/-elm, -hazel, use 
 "wyeh . 
 
 withal. 
 
 ■withe, a flexible twig, not 
 wythe, -y. 
 
 withhold, etc. (one word, 
 a A's). 
 
 wivern, use wy-. 
 
 "wizard, not wis-. 
 
 vsrk., week, -s. 
 
 W.L.P., Women's Liberal 
 Federation. 
 
 W. long., west longitude. 
 
 W.M.S., Wesleyan Mis- 
 sionary Society. 
 
 W.N.W., west-north-west 
 {see also compass). 
 
 W.O., walk-over, War 
 Office. 
 
 wobble, use wa-. 
 
 Wodehouse, fam. name of 
 
 Earl, of Kimberley ; pron. 
 
 wood-, 
 woebegone, not wob-. 
 woeful, not wof-. 
 Wohler (F.), 1800-82, 
 
 Ger. chemist. 
 Wolcot (John), 1738- 
 
 1819, " Peter Pindar " 
 
 (see also Walcot). 
 Wolf (Lucien), 1857-, 
 
 Fr. writer. 
 Wolfe (Charles), 1791- 
 
 1823, writer and poet ; — 
 
 (James), 1727-59, took 
 
 Quebec. 
 Wolff (Sir H. Drum- 
 
 mond), 1830- ; — (J. C. 
 
 von), 1 679-1 754, philos. 
 
 and math. ; — (Johan- 
 
 nes),'cellist; — (Joseph), 
 
 1 795-1862, traveller; — 
 
 (K. F.), 1733-94, embry- 
 
 ologist (see also Wolfe, 
 
 Woulfe). 
 wolverine, not -ene. 
 w^omen's rights (apos.). 
 won't (typ.), to be close 
 
 up, one apos. only. 
 w^oodbine, honeysuckle, 
 
 not -ind. 
 woodcock/, m. and f.,pl. -s. 
 woodcut (one word). 
 w^oodpecker (one word). 
 w^oodruff (bot.), not -roof, 
 woodwork (one word). 
 wool/, -len, -ly. 
 Woolsack (House of 
 
 Lords) (one word). 
 w^oolsorter*s disease, not 
 
 -s' — . 
 Worcestershire, abbr. 
 
 Worcs. 
 Worde, see Wynkyn. 
 Word of God (the) 
 
 (caps.), but in New T. I.e. 
 w^orkaday (one word). 
 work/house, -man (one 
 
 word). 
 work off (typ.), actually to 
 
 print the paper. 
 wormwood (bot.). 
 Wormwood Scrubs, 
 near London. 
 
 398 
 
WORSHIP — WYVERW 
 
 worship/, -ped, -per, 
 
 -ping, 
 wouldst (typ.), to be close 
 
 up, no apos. 
 Woulfe (Peter), 1727- 
 
 1806, chemist ; woulfe 
 
 bottles named after {see 
 
 also VirolII, -e, Wolff), 
 •wove paper, that which 
 
 does not show wire marks : 
 
 distinct from laid — . 
 W.P., Worthy Patriarch. 
 W.P.B., waste - paper 
 
 basket. 
 W.R., West Riding, Yorks ; 
 
 Wirral Railway, Ches. 
 ■wrack *, a seaweed, 
 
 not r-. 
 wrasse, a fish, nof -ass. 
 Wray, see Ray. 
 wreath (noun). 
 "wreathe (verb). 
 Writers* Club, London 
 
 (apos.). 
 writers* cramp, not -er's 
 
 cramp, 
 writing paper, a better, 
 
 harder, and more highly 
 
 glazed kind than that used 
 
 for printing, 
 wrongdoing (one word). 
 "wrong fount (typ.), abbr. 
 
 "W.f. This to be written 
 
 in the margin, and the 
 
 type itself underlined or 
 
 encircled. 
 Wrottesley (Baron). 
 
 W.S. (Sc), Writer to the 
 
 Signet ( = attorney). 
 W.S.W., west-south-west 
 
 {see also compass), 
 wt., weight. 
 Wiirtemberg, Bavaria, 
 
 offic. Wiirtt-. 
 "Wutheriog Heights,** 
 
 by Emily Bronte, 1846. 
 W. Va., West Virginia 
 
 (ofiic. abbr.). 
 Wyandotte, N. Amer. 
 
 Indians ; I.e. afowl, not-ot. 
 wych/-elm, -ha^el, not 
 
 wich-, witch-. 
 Wycherley (W.), 1640- 
 
 17 16, dramatist. 
 Wyclif (John), d. 1384, 
 
 rel. reformer, not the many 
 
 variations. 
 WyTQondham, Norfolk ; 
 
 pron. wind'ham. 
 Wyndham, fam. name of 
 
 Baron Leconfield ; — (Sir 
 
 Charles), 1841-, actor. 
 Wyndham - Quin, family 
 
 name of Earl of Dunraven. 
 Wjmkyn de Worde, 1 47 1- 
 
 i534> second printer in 
 
 London. 
 Wyo., Wyoming (offic. 
 
 abbr.). 
 Wy. Ter., Wyoming Ter- 
 ritory, 
 wyth/e, -y, use withe, 
 wyvem, heraldic dragon, 
 
 not wi-. 
 
 S99 
 
W NOTES 
 
 406 
 
W NOTES 
 
 401 26 
 
XYLONITE 
 
 X., Christ, all proper names 
 with this initial, the 
 twenty-first of a series. 
 
 X, ten, also certain kinds 
 of beer. 
 
 X (math.), the first unknown 
 quantity. 
 
 Xbre (Fr.), December. 
 
 XC, 90. 
 
 XCIX, 99. 
 
 xop., ex (without) coupon. 
 
 x.d.* or ex div.*, ex (with- 
 out) dividend. 
 
 XereSf Spain, «o/ Jerez. 
 
 x.l.*, ex (without) next 
 interest. 
 
 Xmas, Christmas (no point). 
 
 Xn., Christian. 
 
 x.n.*, ex (without) the 
 right to new shares. 
 
 X-ray (hyphen). 
 
 Xt., Christ. 
 
 XX, certain kinds of beer. 
 
 X X (paper), retree (no 
 point). 
 
 XXX, certain kinds of beer. 
 
 XXX (paper), broken or 
 outsides. 
 
 xylography, the printing 
 of fifteenth-century wood- 
 block books. 
 
 xylonite. 
 
X NOTES 
 
 403 
 
Y. — YOSEMITB 
 
 Y., all proper names with 
 this initial, the twenty- 
 second in a series. 
 
 Y, yttrium. 
 
 y., year, -s. 
 
 y (math.), the second un- 
 known quantity. 
 
 yacht, in Fr. m. pron. yak; 
 in Ger. Jacht. 
 
 Yager (Ger.), huntsman, ttse 
 Ja-. 
 
 Yahveh (Heb.), Jahveh. 
 
 Yakutsk, Siberia, not}-. 
 
 Yangtze-kiang, Chinese 
 river. 
 
 yard/, -s, abbr. yd. ; (typ.) 
 number of to be in figures. 
 
 Yarde-Buller, fam. name 
 of Baron Churston. 
 
 Yarkand, Cent. Asia, not 
 -end, -und. 
 
 yarl, ws^j-*. 
 
 Yaroslav, Russia, use J-. 
 
 yasbtnak, Moslem wo- 
 man's veil. 
 
 Y.B., year-book. 
 
 Yb, ytterbium. 
 
 Y.C., Yale College, U.S.A. 
 
 yd., yard, -s. 
 
 y«, =the, through confusing 
 the Anglo-Saxon J) ( = th) 
 with Old-Eng. g (y). 
 
 Yeames (W. F.), 1835-, 
 composer ; pron. yamz. 
 
 year/, -s, abbr. y. 
 
 year-book (hyphen), abbr. 
 YB. 
 
 years (typ.), in giving the 
 first and last of a series 
 use the fewest figures that 
 suffice,as 1892-8, 1855-80, 
 1890-1904. 
 
 Yeats (W. B.), 1865-, 
 writer ; pron. yates. 
 
 yelk, use yo-. 
 
 yellow-hammer, a bird 
 (hyphen), not ammer. 
 
 *« Y eUowplush Papers," 
 
 by Thackeray, 184 1 (two 
 words). 
 
 Yellowstone/ Park; — 
 River (two words). 
 
 yen, the dollar of Japan, 
 about two shillings. 
 
 Yenisei, Siberian river, not 
 Jenissel. 
 
 Yeo., Yeomanry. 
 
 Yerkes telescope, Amer. 
 
 yeuXf see cell. 
 
 Yezo, Japan, not -sso. 
 
 Yggdrasill (Scan, myth.), 
 the tree binding heaven, 
 earth, and hell, not the 
 many variations (two Ps). 
 
 Yiddish, a Jewish dia- 
 lect. 
 
 ylang-ylang, perfume (hy- 
 phen). 
 
 Y.Ii.I., Yorkshire Light 
 Infantry. 
 
 Y.M.C.A., Young Men's 
 Christian Association ; 
 Y.M.Cath.A., ditto 
 Catholic — ; Y.M.C.U,, 
 ditto Christian Union : 
 Y.M.F.S., ditto Friendly 
 Society. 
 
 Ynca, use Inca*. 
 
 yodel/ *, falsetto song ; -led, 
 -ling, not -die, jodel. 
 
 yokel, a rustic, not -chel, 
 -chle. 
 
 Yokohama (one word). 
 
 yolk, of an egg, not ye-. 
 
 Yonge (C. D.), 1812-91, 
 writer ; — (Charlotte 
 M.), 1832-1901, writer ; 
 pron, yung (^see also 
 Young). 
 
 Yorke, fam. name of Earl 
 of Hardwicke. 
 
 Yorkshire/, abbr. Yorks 
 (no point) ; — Light In- 
 fantry, abbr. Y.L.I. 
 
 Yosemite Valley, Amer. ; 
 pron. yo-s6m'i-te. 
 404 
 
Youghal, Ireland, approx, 
 
 pron. yawl. 
 YoiQ (Sir J. A.), 1809- 
 
 1904. 
 you*ll (typ.), to be close 
 
 up. 
 Yoxing (Arthur), 1741- 
 
 1820 ; — (Brigham), 
 
 1801-77, Mormon leader; 
 
 — (Edward), 1681- 1765, 
 wrote" NightThoughts" ; 
 
 — (James), 181 1-83, 
 originator of commercial 
 paraffin ; — (Thomas), 
 1 773- 1829, physicist {see 
 also Yonge). 
 
 yoxinger, abbr. yr. 
 
 Young Men's Christian 
 Association, abbr. 
 
 Y.M.C.A. ; ditto Wo- 
 men's, Y.W.C.A. 
 
 yours (no apos.). 
 
 YOUGHAL — Y.W.S. 
 
 Yquem (ChA-teau-), a 
 Sauterne (hyphen). 
 
 yr., younger. 
 
 Yriarte (Charles), 1832- 
 98, Fr. writer. 
 
 Ysaye (Eugdne), 1858-, 
 violinist ; pron. g-si'ye. 
 
 Yseult/, -e, Ysolde, 
 Ysolt, Ysoude, use 
 Iseult. 
 
 ytterbium, symbol Yb. 
 
 yttrium, symbol Y. 
 
 Yukon/ River, — Terri- 
 tory, Alaska, not Youcon, 
 -kon. 
 
 Yvetot, Normandy ; pron. 
 
 Y.W.C.A., Young Wom- 
 en's Christian Association; 
 Y.W.C.T.U., ditto Tem- 
 perance Union ; Y.W.S. , 
 Young Wales Society. 
 
 40^ 
 
Y NOTES 
 
 406 
 
Z. — ZWINGIil 
 
 Z., all proper names with 
 this initial, the twenty- 
 third of a series, (Ger.) 
 Zeile (line), Zoll (m.), 
 inch, toll. 
 
 Z (mag.), symbol for reluc- 
 tance. 
 
 jiT (math.), the third unknown 
 quantity. 
 
 Zach., Zachary. 
 
 Zaehnsdorf (J.), 1816-86, 
 bookbinder. 
 
 Zambezi, river, not -si. 
 
 zanana, use ze-. 
 
 Zangwill (Israel), 1864-, 
 writer. 
 
 Zaragoza, Spain ; in Eng. 
 Saragossa. 
 
 zareba (Afr.\ fortified 
 camp, not the many varia- 
 tions. 
 
 Zarskoe, use Tsarskoye 
 Selo. 
 
 z. B. (Ger.), zum Beispiel 
 (for example). 
 
 Zech., Zechariah. 
 
 Zeeland. Holland, «o/Zea-. 
 
 Zeile (Ger. f.), line; abbr. 
 Z. (cap.). 
 
 Zeitgeist (Ger. m.), the 
 spirit of the time (cap.). 
 
 Zeltinger, a Moselle wine. 
 
 zenana(Ind.), the women's 
 apartments, not za-. 
 
 Zeph., Zephaniah. 
 
 zero/, pi. -es. 
 
 Zetinje, use Cetinje. 
 
 Z.Q-., Zoological Gardens. 
 
 zigzag/, -ged, -ging (one 
 word). 
 
 Zinnuerinan (Henry), 
 1851-, painter. 
 
 Zimmemiann (Agnes 
 M.), composer; — ( J.G.)> 
 1728-95, author of *' Soli- 
 tude." 
 
 Zimmern (Alice), 1855-, 
 
 writer ; — (Helen), 
 
 1 846-, writer. 
 zinc, symbol Zn. 
 zincography, the art of 
 
 engraving, and printing 
 
 from zinc. 
 zingara {d la) (Fr. cook.), 
 
 in gipsy style. 
 zittgarjo (It.), a gipsy, pi. 
 
 -i ; fern, -a, pi. -e. 
 zirconium, symbol Zr. 
 Zn, zinc. 
 
 zodiac, see astronomy. 
 Zoll (Ger. m,), inch, toll ; 
 
 abbr. Z. 
 Zollverein (Ger. m.), cus- 
 toms union, 
 zoochem., zoochemistry, 
 
 -ical. 
 zoogeog., zoogeography, 
 
 -ical. 
 zool., zoology, -ical, -ist. 
 zoology, «o/zoOl-, hntpron. 
 
 zool'- ; abbr. zool.; (typ.) 
 
 genera, species, and 
 
 varieties to be italic, other 
 
 divisions roman. 
 zo/on, an animal ; pi. -a. 
 Zr, zirconium. 
 Z.S., Zoological Society. 
 Zuider Zee, Holland ;/>;'o«. 
 
 zoy'dr zay. 
 Zukertort (J. H.), 184a- 
 
 88, chess player. 
 Zulu, not Zool 00. 
 Zululand (Bp. of) (one 
 
 word). 
 zum Beispiel (Ger.), for 
 
 example ; abbr. z. B. 
 Zurich,Switz. ; in Ger. Zii-. 
 Zuscbrift (Ger. f.), letter, 
 
 dedication. 
 zweitens (Ger.), secondly. 
 Zwingli (tJlrich), 1484- 
 
 153 1, theologian. 
 
Z NOTES 
 
 47 
 
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