TAN-GO -POJ-A: 
 
 AN HISTORICAL DRAMA. 
 
 In frost. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 
 T. B. PETERSON, No. 102 CHESTNUT STREET. 
 185G. 
 
KING & I^AIRD, i RlNTERC* 8ANSCM "TBEET.. 1TILADELPHIA. 
 
TAN-GO -RU-A: 
 
 gin historical grama, in JJrose. 
 
 INTERLOCUTORS. 
 
 TAN-GO -RU-A, An Indian Chief . 
 
 WEE-RAH-OOCII -WEE An Indian Pow-Wow. 
 
 ZANGENBERG, A Moravian Missionary. 
 
 VERNON, 
 
 LYNFORD, 
 
 CALLENDER, A Quaker. 
 
 LIEUT. GOVERNOR OF THE PROVINCE OF PENNA 
 
 MIRIAM, Daughter to Zangcribcrg. 
 
 KA-ZU -KA, An Indian Girl. 
 
 Councttmen, Members of Assembly, Indians, Soldiers, Messengers, 
 Attendants, tfc., <c. 
 
 TIME. ABOUT THE MIDDLE OP THE EIGHTEENTH CENTUUY. 
 Scene. The Province of Pennsylvania. 
 
 G812 
 
TANG-GO -RU-A. 
 
 PART FIRST. 
 
 SECTION I. 
 
 On the top of Berry s Mountain, overlooking the Sus- 
 quehanna. Enter Lynford and Vernon from below. 
 
 Lynford. 0, my. breath^ my breath! it is 
 almost gone! ]j am. afrail : J! feball;iii 1 V6r. 1 6atch 
 it again. Let me lie down and pant a while ; 
 and hear me, Yernon, if I never come to and 
 you bury me here, let this be my epitaph, 
 " Here lies one who contended with a mighty 
 giant, and overcame him." For is not this a 
 giant of a mountain, and have we not fairly 
 vanquished the monster ? We have stumbled 
 over his foot, kicked him on the shin, smitten 
 him, hip and thigh, pounded him in the ribs, 
 
6 TANGORUA. 
 
 mounted upon his shoulders, scaled his erected 
 crest, and now, here we stand, firm and safe, 
 upon the top of his bald pate. 
 
 Vernon. Breath or no breath, your volu 
 bility remains the same. What a pity, that 
 so great a victory should be without wit 
 nesses to celebrate it 1 
 
 Lynford. " Without witnesses I " Why, 
 every thing around us is now celebrating our 
 achievement. The hills are stretching them 
 selves on tip-toe, to stare at us ; and see how 
 the river leaps over yonder rocks, and hastens 
 towards us. roaring out applause ! The. islands 
 are dancing- a merry jig in- the waters. The 
 bird/v, old, ar.-.d young, are giving us a concert. 
 The forests nod their heads in approbation, 
 and send up sweet incense to greet us ; and 
 look, far up yonder is an eagle, circling the 
 air, and gazing down on us : admiring to see 
 us here, he is, evidently, inviting us to come 
 up with him to the clouds. In good time, 
 my venerable bald-headed friend, we shall 
 consider of it. You say, it is but a step up 
 there, compared to the height we have already 
 
TANGORUA. 7 
 
 come, and that the way is much plainer and 
 smoother: very true. But then, you must 
 give us time to recover a little of the breath 
 we have spent, and also to consider whether 
 there may not be some fallacy in your argu 
 ment. One who is so much addicted to 
 flying in circles, may, possibly, sometimes 
 reason after the same fashion. 
 
 Vemon. (Surveying the country with a 
 telescope and muttering to himself.) Nothing 
 here to be seen no single object in view 
 nothing here 
 
 Lynford. What say you? nothing to be 
 seen ! Then it is because that telescope has 
 sophisticated your vision. Lay it aside and 
 look with your natural eyes. Bring all your 
 senses to the feast : for there is a royal ban 
 quet spread before them. Here are colors 
 for the eyes : violet, indigo, blue, green, 
 yellow, orange, red ; all the hues of the rain 
 bow, and all possible combinations of them 
 to boot. Behold them, painted on easels of 
 all sizes, from the miniature flower at our 
 feet, to the unbounded canopy over our 
 
8 TANGORUA. 
 
 heads! Do your ears love music? "What 
 nobler instrument could they wish for, than 
 yonder cataract, or what finer chorus of voices 
 than these birds have ! If you love sweet 
 odours, snuff the breeze; for it shook the 
 perfume out of innumerable shrubs and 
 flowers, as it came along. Bare your brow 
 to its touch, whilst it runs its fingers through 
 your hair, and whips your slumbering nerves 
 into just activity enough for full enjoyment. 
 Your palate too shall be gratified. Open your 
 knapsack no matter what its contents. Epi 
 curism lies in the stomach, not in the quality 
 of food. Witness the Laplander with his 
 breakfast of whale blubber ! Witness the 
 ostrich with its dinner of flints and pebbles ! 
 There are no gourmands in the world like 
 these. 
 
 Vernon. (Lowering his telescope and shut 
 ting it up.) There is nothing here. I have 
 swept over the whole landscape, prying into 
 every nook and corner, and I can find 
 nothing of them. You were speaking, Lyn- 
 ford, of the beauties of the scene. Unless 
 
TANGOKUA. 
 
 you can show me a cluster of wigwams in 
 some of these groves, or a wreath of smoke 
 somewhere in the edge of the horizon, I can 
 not join in your admiration. To me all 
 seems a barren waste as far as the eye or this 
 telescope can reach. 
 
 Lynford. Unhappy and infatuated man! 
 Why do you thus allow the inflammation at 
 your heart to blight all the faculties of your 
 head ? If your heart will thump at your ribs, 
 must it, therefore, be allowed also to beat 
 out your brains ? I, myself, know what it is 
 to have one s heart turned into a fire-ball; 
 but, if ever I allow amorous dreams to dis 
 turb the cool operations of my judgment, 
 may I forget the fundamental principle of 
 all reasoning; may the dictum de omni et 
 nullo become a Greek riddle to me. 
 
 Vernon. I am greviously vexed and dis 
 appointed. These dispatches which I bear 
 to the army, must be promptly delivered. I 
 run some risk of censure, by thus coming 
 slightly out of my way, on my own business. 
 I dare spend no more time in searching for 
 
10 TANGORUA. 
 
 the station. And it is with a heavy heart 
 that I turn into my proper course. 
 
 Lynford You have this comfort at least, 
 my dear fellow, that there is no danger of 
 your lady-love being carried off by a rival. 
 This wilderness contains nothing but Indians, 
 excepting the old missionary and his charm 
 ing daughter. She will be under little temp 
 tation therefore to break her vows. 
 
 Vernon. Ah ! that is the misfortune. We 
 understood each other, I believe by such 
 signs as nature involuntarily makes on such 
 occasions ; but no word on the subject ever 
 passed our lips. I was absent when she came 
 off here, and have had no chance of commu 
 nicating with her since. 
 
 Lynford. That, to be sure, was badly 
 managed. You should have stated your 
 argument in regular form a syllogism in 
 Barbara and then, have required a catego 
 rical answer. But, I repeat that you have 
 nothing to fear from rivalry, unless indeed, 
 the famous young chief, Tangorua, should 
 
TANGORUA. 11 
 
 enter the field against you with his bow and 
 arrow. 
 
 Vernon. Tangorua ! "What do you 
 know of him ? 
 
 Lynford. I know him well. The first 
 time I saw him, was at a grand council of 
 whites and Indians, where many distinguished 
 personages were present on both sides. He 
 wore a robe embellished with the history of 
 his achievements, a head-dress of eagle s 
 plumes, and all the barbaric ornaments of a 
 great chief. As he sat there, grave and 
 patient as a bronze statue, I instinctively 
 looked at his hand, to see if it did not grasp 
 a sceptre. 
 
 Vernon. Does he speak our language ? 
 
 Lynford. As well as you or I. Having 
 been instructed in the missionary schools 
 when a boy, he is a very respectable scholar. 
 His voice, too, is singularly musical, and 
 seems to have been trained in elocution by 
 some mountain brook, to all its varied and 
 melancholy cadences. 
 
12 TANGOKUA. 
 
 Vernon. The missionaries, however, it 
 seems, did not succeed in converting him. 
 
 Lynford. As to that, he made a profession 
 of Christianity, and was baptised; but the 
 Indian nature proved too strong for him. He 
 still calls himself a Christian, but has engraft 
 ed upon his new faith many of the traditions 
 and superstitions of his own people. 
 
 Vernon. What does Zangenberg think of 
 him? 
 
 Lynford. The old missionary, you know, 
 is an enthusiast ; and he has formed a theory. 
 Now, when such a man forms a theory he is 
 sure to make it fit in every point, though all 
 nature should groan on a Procrustean bed. If 
 facts are wanting, his imagination will supply 
 them ; if they stand in his way, his memory 
 will refuse to own them. External objects 
 will be as plastic to his touch, as forms in 
 potter s clay ; and reason, instead of directing 
 opinion, will become its obsequious follower. 
 Zangenberg s present theory is, that the na 
 tives of America are the descendants of the 
 lost tribes of Israel. I believe he maintains 
 
TANGORUA. 13 
 
 that some ages ago, in a fright, they leaped 
 over Behring s Strait ; and to that extraordi 
 nary exertion, I suppose attributes the red 
 ness of their faces. 
 
 Vernon. This is no new theory. It has been 
 supported by many competent judges; among 
 others, by our own William Penn. He knew 
 the Indians well. And he made it his busi 
 ness to understand the language of the Dela- 
 wares, that he might not want an interpreter 
 on any occasion. He mingled freely with 
 them, attended their festivals, joined in their 
 sports, lived in their wigwams ; and all the 
 while carefully studied their customs and 
 characters. The result was, that he declared 
 himself ready to believe them of the Jewish 
 race. 
 
 Lynford. A few good reasons, would be of 
 more weight in such a question, than the 
 mere beliefs of a regiment of scholars. 
 
 Vernon. Their beliefs are by no means 
 unsupported by reason. Penn declares that 
 he finds the Indians of like countenance with 
 
 the Jews ; and their children of so lively a 
 2 
 
14: TANGORUA. 
 
 resemblance, that one would think himself in 
 the Jew s quarter in London, when he sees 
 them at their plays. Some remarkable analo 
 gies have also been discovered between the 
 Hebrew and Indian languages. There, too, 
 is their worship of the Great Spirit ; and their 
 freedom from idolatry; their division into 
 tribes and families; their offerings of their 
 first fruits ; their new moons and feasts ; their 
 sanctum sanctorum ; their High Priests ; their 
 customs of mourning, of purification, and 
 many others. The argument is very curious 
 and plausible, though certainly not conclu 
 sive. The holding of this opinion, therefore, 
 is no proof of Zangenberg s unsoundness of 
 mind. 
 
 Lynford. Be it so. I had supposed the 
 theory originated with him ; and I would still 
 venture to say that he is the first, who has 
 proposed to apply it to practical results. In 
 his opinion, the time is at hand for the resto 
 ration of these wanderers to the promised 
 land. Tangorua, he believes is to be the 
 
TANGORUA. 15 
 
 leader of this new Exodus; and, therefore, 
 reverences him as another Moses. 
 
 Vernon. Considering the disturbed state 
 of our affairs, and the restlessness of the In 
 dians, it strikes me that this Tangorua is a 
 dangerous man. 
 
 Lynford. What! are you for knocking 
 him on the head already? But, personal 
 motives aside, he is a dangerous man. If the 
 French continue their aggressions, and the 
 rascally Assembly does not strengthen the 
 hands of the Governor, we shall soon see. 
 
 Vernon. I hope the Assembly will stand 
 fast where it now stands. 
 
 Lynford. "Why should you reject the 
 golden opportunity offered you by fortune ? 
 Your father is in high favor with the pro 
 prietaries, and the most influential man in 
 the Province. There is no honor, no station, 
 to which you might not aspire under his pro 
 tection. But you join the opposition, and 
 thus weaken him and ruin yourself. 
 
 Vernon. For my conduct, I might assign 
 two sufficient reasons ; one, a sort of instinct 
 
16 TANGORUA. 
 
 which forbids us of the New World, to own 
 allegiance to the rulers of the Old. Is it be 
 cause the commands are uttered so far away, 
 that they lose their force, and are but feebly, 
 echoed from our shores ? Or, is it because 
 all nature here, running an independent 
 course, regardless of the forms and customs 
 of other climes, we are impelled to imitate her 
 example? Perhaps there is something in the 
 air we breathe, in the clay we are made of, 
 in the wild fruits of which we eat, in the 
 fresh fountains at which we drink. Be that 
 as it may, the coldest calculations of interest 
 might teach us that hereafter, in this land, 
 the way of ambition will be, not a royal, but 
 a republican road. The elements of combus 
 tion are already collected in every corner. A 
 single spark is wanting to set them in a blaze. 
 The progress of events cannot fail soon to 
 supply it ; and then will come an explosion 
 that will send governors, council-men, all the 
 minions of royalty, across the sea ; then loyalty 
 will become treason, and rebellion patriotism. 
 Then you will praise my wisdom, as much 
 
TANGORUA. 1? 
 
 as you now censure my folly. But more of 
 this hereafter. See, the sun is getting low : 
 my way is across the river, towards the west ; 
 and I must be off. 
 
 Lynford. My way is up the river towards 
 the north; and, while I go to summon the 
 great men, the wise councillors, the eloquent 
 orators, and the mighty men of war of the 
 wigwams, to meet our Solomons in council at 
 Philadelphia, do you, see that the army arrest 
 the progress of the French, or, depend upon 
 it, that council will be held on French terri 
 tory. 
 
 (Exeunt severally) 
 
 (Enter Weerahoocliwee from Ms cave under 
 the brow of the mountain, where he lias been 
 overhearing the abone conversation.) 
 
 Weerahoochwee. Go! and may thorns and 
 blisters plague your steps I This fellow gab 
 bles about chiefs and braves as flippantly as 
 if they were straggling hounds, and he sent 
 out to whistle them home. But, for all that, 
 they will obey ^ the summons. Their great 
 
18 TANGORUA. 
 
 father, the governor, will receive them with, 
 coaxing looks and words, pat their heads and 
 wag their paws, feast them on foreign luxu 
 ries, make them drunk on Christian brandy, 
 then spread before them the wondrous trea 
 sures of civilization, cloth of scarlet and 
 vermilion paint; knives, hatchets, Jew s-harps, 
 beads, powder, lead, tobacco, pipes and rum ; 
 lace of gold, and endless strings of wam 
 pum. (1.) All these, will he bestow with 
 flattering speeches ; and, in return, will only 
 ask a little land : a river s length or so, and 
 no broader than a swift footed youth can 
 walk across in a two or three days journey 
 Such will be the bargain ; and so it will be 
 gravely written down as a new Indian pur 
 chase. Where will all these fine things be 
 when the snow has melted and returned 
 again ? Of the rum, nothing will remain but 
 the thirst for more; the powder will have 
 blown away the lead ; the pipes sent the to 
 bacco to the clouds; the red cloth will be torn 
 and faded ; the Jew s-harps out of tune ; the 
 wampum spent in speech-making. A few 
 
TANGORUA. 19 
 
 baubles, will, perhaps, be found among the 
 children. But the land will still be there. 
 White men will come like flocks of birds to 
 build their homes on it. It will remain to 
 them and theirs forever. Strange, that they 
 should be thus careful to provide for genera 
 tions yet unborn ; whilst we barter away our 
 homes for trinkets; not reserving earth 
 enough even to cover our bones. What can 
 we do more to prove our hospitality? Trace 
 the longest river to its source, cross the last 
 mountain, follow the sun to the land where 
 he shines no more. Is that all ? Nay, we 
 are busy already with tomahawks and scalp- 
 ing-knives, tribe against tribe, exterminating 
 ourselves for their advantage. Why this 
 folly? Is it because of the redness of our 
 skins? No, white men are no wiser here 
 than we. The Frenchman hates the English 
 man; they quarrel because their fathers did 
 so, and fight for lands neither can occupy. 
 The English provinces wrangle with each 
 other, over the spoils ; and to gain a favorite 
 boundary, not only make straight lines 
 
20 T A N G R U A. 
 
 crooked, and short ones long, but shove 
 aside mountains, and turn rivers from their 
 courses; at least so far as words and oaths 
 can do it. Even this Province, it seems, is 
 divided against itself; and the chiefs and 
 councillors are at loggerheads. So goes the 
 world; beasts, birds, fishes, insects, follow 
 man s example : scalping their fellows, or fly 
 ing for their lives, is their chief employment. 
 For there are cruel braves, sneaking wolves, 
 crouching panthers, grizzly bears, in the air 
 and in the water, as well as in the forest. 
 Mad confusion reigns every where, except in 
 Weerahooch wee s soul. Who can say that 
 passion ever changed any purpose of his? 
 Who ever knew his anger to overflow in 
 words ? "When did hate drive him on too 
 fast, or love cause him to linger ? Or when 
 did fear make his steps tremble ? Or dreams 
 frighten him from the shortest path? No! 
 others are driven about like leaves before the 
 shifting wind ; he stands rooted like the oak, 
 the enemy alike of all who trespass on the 
 soil of his fathers. And now, while they are 
 
TANGOKUA. 21 
 
 wrangling, like a pack of wolves, now is 
 the time to drive them out. United coun 
 cils will furnish the means, and Tangorua 
 will serve as a fit instrument ; for the warriors 
 of many nations will follow his lead, and he 
 will follow mine. Thus do I hold them all, 
 as arrows in my quiver, to be shot forth at 
 my discretion. Now to my cave. There I 
 will spin a magic thread, which shall bind 
 their passions to my purpose, like a bundle 
 of reeds. 
 
 (Exit,) 
 
22 TANGORUA. 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 At the Moravian Mission, some miles above the former 
 place. A moonlight Night. Miriam and Kazuka sit 
 ting on the river bank in front of the Mission-House. 
 
 Kazuka. Is my sister asleep? She has 
 not spoken for so long. 
 
 Miriam. : Be quiet, child! I am far away 
 in the Father-Land, and you must not call 
 me back yet awhile. Tell me, Kazuka, what 
 is the name of this river ? 
 
 Kazuka. Why, surely you know ; it is the 
 Susquehanna. 
 
 Miriam. No! no! it is the Ehine, it is the 
 Ehine! I know it well, for I was born on 
 its banks. And why do I call you Kazuka? 
 Are not you my little sister Margaret, and 
 have we not always lived in our father s cot 
 tage up yonder? 
 
 Kazuka. I am your sister, indeed, but, (I 
 cannot help it) my name is Kazuka, and 
 this river is the Susquehanna. 
 
T A N G O R U A. 23 
 
 Miriam. Nonsense! child, you must be 
 dreaming. Why, do you not see those green 
 fields, and those orchards in full bloom, and 
 those vineyards as we always saw them ? 
 
 Kazuka. Try all I can, I see only the 
 green woods and the blossoms of the dog 
 wood trees, and a few wild grape-vines. 
 
 Miriam. But see the villages all along the 
 banks ; and far off there the great city which 
 we used to visit sometimes. 
 
 Kazulca. I cannot see them. They look 
 to me like wigwams. They belong to the 
 Minisinks and the Shawanese ; and instead of 
 a city I see only clouds hanging on the top 
 of that mountain in the distance. 
 
 Miriam. Oh, Margaret ! what strange 
 words you do talk! Wigwams! Minisinks! 
 and Shawanese! But be yourself now, and 
 look where I am pointing. You see that 
 crag which seems to rise straight up from the 
 water s-edge to the clouds. Is there not a 
 ruined castle on the top of it? And have 
 you not often heard that it was built by a 
 robber chieftain more than a thousand years 
 
24 TANGOKUA. 
 
 ago ? And have you not often sat with me 
 and listened to wild legends of things done 
 there till we were both scared out of our 
 wits? 
 
 KazuTca. It is a very high rock, and our 
 people say there was always an eagle s nest 
 there ; but that is all I ever heard about it. 
 
 Miriam. "Well, well, I see we are not 
 likely to agree this evening. Give me my 
 guitar and let us sing that duett which I 
 taught you yesterday. 
 
 * * * * * # -x- 
 
 Miriam. Kazuka, have you studied your 
 lessons to-day? 
 
 KazuJca. I have tried, but many strange 
 thoughts came into my head and puzzled me. 
 I would like to ask you a few questions. 
 
 Miriam. Very well ; I will explain what 
 ever I can. 
 
 Kazuka. I used to think that the sky was 
 stretched out, like a curtain, not very far 
 above our heads, and that heaven was up 
 there. But your books tell me there is no 
 sky ; that all is dark and empty above us. 
 
T A N G K U A. 25 
 
 Where then is the throne of God, and where 
 do the spirits live ? 
 
 Miriam. These are hard questions, Kazuka. 
 
 Kazuka. When our Saviour called Lazarus 
 out of the tomb, where did his spirit come 
 from, and why did he not tell all about the 
 spirit-world ? 
 
 Miriam. What has put such questions 
 into your head, child ? 
 
 Kazuka. You say that the Great Spirit 
 created all things out of nothing; but who 
 created him ? 
 
 Miriam. No one, for he always existed. 
 
 Kazuka. I cannot understand that. But 
 if there was nothing before him, where did 
 he come from, and how did he come into 
 existence ? 
 
 Miriam. I cannot tell you. 
 
 Kazuka. But if he was all powerful, and 
 made all things as he pleased, why did he 
 not give all men good hearts ? 
 
 Miriam. I cannot tell. 
 
 Kazuka. You say that we must believe in 
 Christ to be saved ; what then has become of 
 
26 TANGORUA. 
 
 all our people who have died but never heard 
 of him ? 
 
 Miriam. Strange that this poor child 
 should be troubled with thoughts like these ! 
 
 Kazuka. It is said that whoever repents 
 and believes shall be saved. But one man 
 may live a wicked life till he is old, and 
 repent just before he dies ; while another 
 dies young before he has repented. Will 
 one of these be saved and the other lost ? 
 
 Miriam. Come, child, you need a wiser 
 instructor than I am. But tell me, do you 
 believe nothing but what you understand ? 
 Let me ask you a few questions now. Why 
 are some people born handsome and some 
 ugly? some strong and healthy, others de 
 formed and miserable? Why do some die 
 in childhood, and some live to old age ? 
 Why are the wicked often prosperous, and 
 the good unfortunate ? You know that these 
 things are so, but can you explain them? 
 Do you even understand your self? Why is 
 it that some sounds make you laugh, and 
 others make you weep? Why do some 
 
TANGOKUA. 27 
 
 things taste sweet and others bitter ? Why 
 do some sights fill you with pleasure, and 
 others with fear or disgust ? A few weeks 
 ago these trees were bare and seemed to be 
 dead ; now they are full of leaves and blos 
 soms and as much alive as we are. What is 
 the difference between the spirit that dwells 
 in them, and our spirits? 
 
 Kazuka. Stop, my sister; please do not 
 ask me any more ; I know nothing, and I am 
 getting bewildered. 
 
 Miriam. You know as much about these 
 things, and about the things you asked me, 
 as the wisest people in the world. We must 
 take life as we find it, and not stand still 
 asking questions and wondering about things 
 we can never understand. But what makes 
 you so melancholy, Kazuka ? I have noticed 
 it for several days. Never mind, Tangorua 
 will soon be here. 
 
 Kazuka. Please do not speak to me of 
 Tangorua ? 
 
 Miriam. And why not ? He loves you I 
 
28 T A N G O K U A. 
 
 am sure, and you will not deny that you love 
 him. 
 
 KazuJca. No! He loves somebody else a 
 thousand times better than me. 
 
 Miriam. What ! is it possible that you are 
 jealous of somebody ? Who can it be ? I 
 know of no maiden among all your people 
 who is handsome enough to be your rival. 
 Come, tell me ; who is it, child ? 
 
 KazuJca. [Bursting into tears. .] It is not 
 kind in my sister to mock me so. 
 
 Miriam. My dear child, I did not mean to 
 wound your feelings. If you do not like to 
 tell me your secret, I will not urge you. But 
 I am sure you are mistaken. Tangorua loves 
 nobody but you. 
 
 KazuJca. Indeed he does. I thought you 
 knew it ; but I am sure of it ; and many 
 others know it ; he loves you, and nobody 
 bat you. 
 
 Miriam. Impossible ! Nobody ever heard 
 of such a thing! jealousy has turned your 
 brain. 
 
T A N G O R U A. 29 
 
 Kazuka. No, he loves you, and expects 
 you to be his wife. 
 
 Miriam. [.4j*Vfe]. Merciful heaven sus 
 tain me I pray, for I am overwhelmed 
 with shame and horror! A thousand inci 
 dents, unmarked at the time, but too well 
 remembered now, tell me that this dreadful 
 tale is true. Oh, I have been blind and 
 stupid ! I have myself digged the pit into 
 which I have fallen. But thou knowest, 
 Eternal Father, that I have done it igno- 
 rantly! I have loved him as my own 
 brother ; have cheered and instructed him, 
 and endeavoured to call forth the affections 
 of his heart that they might rise as sweet 
 incense to thy Throne. But lo! they fall 
 like mildew upon myself. Farewell all the 
 hopes I have so fondly cherished ! This ]ove 
 will soon turn to bitter hate ; and I who 
 thought myself a chosen instrument of Provi 
 dence, to aid in winning these people to the 
 knowledge of the true God, will prove a 
 
 stumbling block and an offence. 
 3* 
 
30 T A N G K U A. 
 
 Kazuka. [Enter ZangenbergJ] Here 
 comes your father. 
 
 Zangenberg. Why, daughter, I have been 
 looking for you everywhere. I wish to have 
 some conversation with you. Come, let us 
 walk on the river bank, while Kazuka carries 
 your instrument back to the house. But how 
 is this? You are agitated; you have been 
 weeping ; have you some private grief which 
 you will not confide to me ? tell me what it 
 is that troubles you. [Exit Kazuka. ] 
 
 Miriam. Pardon me, father! Not now, 
 not now! You said you had something to 
 say to me ; pray what is it ? 
 
 Zangenberg. I have something to say that 
 has for a long time lain very near my heart, 
 and which also deeply concerns you. This 
 little flock which we have gathered here in 
 the wilderness, is surrounded by ravening 
 wolves. But, by the blessing of God, they 
 shall not be devoured. The same faith that 
 brought me here, sustains me still, and will 
 sustain me to the end, a firm conviction (in 
 spite of all past discouragements,) that the 
 
TANGORUA. 31 
 
 red man may be civilized and Christianized. I 
 feel as sure of it as if it had been revealed to 
 me from heaven. Perhaps it has been, for I 
 see it as clearly as I see yonder star that 
 shines the brightest. And though, like that 
 star, it may be far distant, and the manner 
 and the nature of it be buried in the impene 
 trable depths, I am not the less sure that the 
 light now shines, and will shine on forever. 
 Yes, my child, the time will come when this 
 whole race will drink of the waters of salva 
 tion ; and to this spot they will then look 
 back as the fountain from which those waters 
 first began to flow towards them. 
 
 Miriam. It is a glorious vision, father. 
 
 Zangenberg. And God will establish it into 
 a glorious reality. Yerily, it is a cause worth 
 living for, and worth dying for. Oh, that we 
 could raise ourselves to the sublime height 
 of the mission to which we are called ! Then, 
 even as our Divine Master took upon himself 
 an inferior nature, and endured all the ills of 
 humanity for our sakes, so should we be able 
 to lay aside all pride, all selfishness, all the 
 
32 TANGOKUA. 
 
 prejudices and passions of our fallen nature, 
 and dedicate our bodies and souls, our dear 
 est hopes and affections, to the gathering in 
 of these our poor wandering brethren. 
 
 Miriam. My dear father, I am but a weak 
 and timid woman ; but if your duty calls you 
 into a deeper wilderness than this, I am ready 
 to go with you ; and if there are new depri 
 vations and sufferings in store for you, God, 
 I am sure, will give me strength to share 
 them with you. 
 
 Zangenberg. These are blessed words, my 
 child. They have dispelled all my fears, and 
 assure me that my fondest hopes will be re 
 alised. I shall now speak without reserve, 
 what I have long been afraid to say. You 
 know that my hopes chiefly centre in Tan- 
 gorua. Educated, able, eloquent, and popu 
 lar, I am convinced that he, and he alone, can 
 sway the destinies of the Six Nations, and 
 through them of the whole Indian race. We 
 must, therefore, lose no opportunity to bind 
 him to this cause. JSTow he has ever looked 
 up to me as his teacher and spiritual guide, 
 
TANGORUA. 33 
 
 and I have found him docile and affectionate. 
 But he is strongly attached to the traditions 
 of his ancestors; and there are influences 
 now at work, which I greatly fear will lead 
 him astray, unless some stronger power than 
 mine is used to control him. It remains for 
 you, my daughter, to save him, and keep him 
 true to his destiny ; for, lion as he is, you, I 
 know, can lead him as with a silken thread. 
 
 Miriam. I lead him ! How can that be ? 
 
 Zangenberg. My daughter, he belongs to a 
 race different from ours, and God has given 
 him a different complexion; but he is made 
 in the same image, redeemed by the same 
 blood, endowed with the same immortality. 
 If you seek for true nobility of soul, I know 
 not where you will find a nobler nature than 
 his. In the eye of reason, and still more in 
 the light of religion, true dignity and worth 
 reside in the inner, not in the outer man. 
 "Well, my child, Tangorua loves you with a 
 pure and earnest affection. And when my 
 eyes are about to close in their last sleep, let 
 them rather sec you the mistress of Tango- 
 
34 TANGOKUA. 
 
 rua s wigwam, than the sharer of any throne 
 on earth. You shall be the heaven-directed 
 agent of a great reformation. Your name 
 will live forever in the memories of the red 
 men ; and you shall be called blessed among 
 women. But, how is this ! be composed, my 
 child ! What, is it possible ? [Miriam siuoons. ] 
 Such are the fruits of rashness. I ought 
 to have remembered the reconciling power of 
 familiarity; for, when slowly and carefully 
 introduced, our eyes will learn to look with 
 out blanching on apparitions, which, abruptly 
 rising, blast them. 
 
 [Exit Zangenberg, bearing Miriam in his 
 arms.] 
 
TANGOKUA. 
 
 SECTION III. 
 
 At Weerahoochwee s Cave, on Mount Berry. Present 
 Weerahoochwee and Tangorua. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. I have been expecting you, 
 for I knew you would obey the summons that 
 was sent you. You are going to add a new 
 link to that chain of friendship which already 
 weighs so heavily upon the red man. 
 
 Tangorua. It is well to be bound by such 
 a chain ; the heavier the better. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. What good do you expect 
 from this friendship ? 
 
 Tangorua. You, who have been studying 
 wisdom all your life, ought to know that 
 friendship is a good in itself, and therefore to 
 be cultivated for its own sake. It is the sun 
 shine of the heart; and neither fruits nor 
 flowers can grow there without it. But, 
 though friendship is always good, this friend 
 ship of the white man is the best of all for us ; 
 
36 TANGORUA. 
 
 for he is richer, wiser, -and stronger than we. 
 By trading with him, we may share his 
 wealth ; he can teach us many things our 
 fathers never knew, and which it would take 
 us long to find out. We know what strength 
 is found in friendship ; our Six Nations have 
 become a powerful confederacy in virtue of 
 their friendship. Let us receive our white 
 brethren into this union, and we may defy all 
 our enemies ; or, if we choose, we may con 
 quer the world with our arms. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. No doubt they are a wise 
 and great people ; and why should we poor 
 savages stand in the way of their progress ? 
 A white skin is surely more beautiful than a 
 red one; and they are made of finer clay 
 than we. Let them come on, then, and take 
 possession of the land. Instead of our vil 
 lages of shivering wigwams, they will build 
 splendid cities, which the blasts of winter 
 can neither shake nor enter. And these 
 forests, which scarcely afford our little bands 
 food enough to satisfy their hunger, they will 
 turn into rich harvest-fields, which shall feed 
 
TANGOBUA. 37 
 
 whole nations. Surely such a people ought 
 to prevail. And if we are humble and obe 
 dient, they will no doubt take us under their 
 protection. They will teach us to plough and 
 dig, and carry burdens, and do all manner of 
 civilized work. Out of the riches we earn 
 for them, they will give us food and clothing, 
 and sometimes, perhaps, a glass of rum, to 
 make our hearts glad. Having a fatherly 
 care over us, they will see that we do our 
 duty ; when we are wicked or lazy, they will 
 flog us ; and thus, in time, we shall come to be 
 as industrious and virtuous as they are. Go 
 on, then, Tangorua, and say to your white 
 friends in council, that we are tired of 
 liberty; beg them, on your knees, to receive 
 us as their slaves ; tell them we are anxious 
 to serve them, because they are rich, and 
 wise, and powerful. 
 
 Tangorua. Your words are full of thorns, 
 but they have no power to sting me. Who 
 ever charged Tangorua with want of fidelity 
 to the interests of his people ? I know the 
 
 white men well. I have studied in their 
 4 
 
38 T A N G O R U A. 
 
 schools, lived in their cities, tasted of all the 
 pleasures they enjoy, and might have re 
 mained among them as long as I live. But I 
 chose rather to return to my own people, to 
 live as they live, and to share their fortunes. 
 If it may be so, let the white man be our 
 neighbor, and let us live in peace and friend 
 ship with him. But, if this cannot be ; if each 
 cannot enjoy his own mode of life ; if one 
 must give way to the other, then our right is 
 the best, and he must leave. Our old men 
 remember when he first came here ; but who 
 can tell the time when our fathers were not 
 in possession ? Is not the very soil composed 
 of the dust of our generations ? 
 
 Weerahoochwee. But what can you answer 
 when they compare their greatness with our 
 littleness ? Is it right that rats and ground 
 hogs should occupy lands where the elk and 
 the deer wish to live? Do not the nobler 
 beasts always trample upon the meaner 
 ones? 
 
 Tangorua. If they ask why we build 
 such miserable houses, or why we hunt in 
 
T A N G R U A. 39 
 
 the forests instead of clearing them and till 
 ing the ground, I answer, because we choose 
 to do so, and it suits the manners of our 
 people. When they tell us we occupy too 
 much room, and that a great many more of 
 their people could live on the same land, I 
 will point to these mountains which obstruct 
 us in our hunting, and which even they 
 could never cultivate, and to these barren 
 rocks, where no game is to be found, and 
 where no green thing will ever grow. The 
 Great Spirit who made these things which 
 seem so unprofitable, made us also, and 
 placed us here. Here, whatever others may 
 do, I intend to stay : I will live here as my 
 fathers lived, and when I die, my bones shall 
 lie here with theirs. 
 
 Weerahoochivee. I never doubted that your 
 heart was true, and I struck the flint only 
 that I might draw some sparks of fire out of 
 it. Bat if you would serve and save your 
 people you must awake from this dream of 
 friendship for the white man. Let us judge 
 the future by the past. Are we more power- 
 
40 TANGORUA. 
 
 ful now than when they first landed on our 
 shores ? Our people were then numerous as 
 the leaves in summer ; now they are like the 
 green things of the forest in winter a few 
 pine trees and laurel bushes scattered among 
 the hills all the rest have withered and 
 died. Have we grown wiser and better ? 
 Falsehood, fraud and drunkenness, are all the 
 virtues we have learned from them. Are we 
 richer ? From the sea shore to where the sun 
 disappeared in the west, the whole country 
 then belonged to us ; we have ever since been 
 ascending the streams, like shad in spring 
 time ; but no offspring of ours will ever return 
 to the homes we have left. Their incroach- 
 ments are as inexorable as those of time itself; 
 and they will as surely extinguish the life of 
 our race as old age will extinguish yours and 
 mine. The grey hairs are already appearing, 
 the eye is growing dim, and the limbs are 
 losing their vigor. Every year will add to 
 this decay, until these strangers, having buried 
 the last of us, will stand upon the grave and 
 say, the red man s heart has ceased to beat. 
 
TANGORUA. 41 
 
 Tangorua. Sucli thoughts have often swept 
 like dark clouds across my soul. In vain do 
 I banish them, for darker ones still gather in 
 their stead. It must be so : the Great Spirit 
 has cast us off forever. Else, why did not 
 the waves swallow up the ships which first 
 brought these people among us? Where 
 were the winds that they did not blow them 
 to some other part of the world ? Why were 
 our fathers so weak as to receive them with 
 open arms instead of bended bows ? Behold ! 
 the fruits of their hospitality and love. Woe 
 to the red man! his dearest virtues have 
 become the instruments of his destruction. 
 Woe to the red man ! If he makes war, he 
 falls before the strange weapons of his ene 
 mies; if he seeks peace he perishes in the 
 embrace of his friends. To save ourselves it 
 is too late ; but show me at least how we may 
 revenge ourselves ; then will Tangorua imi 
 tate the panther in the treachery of his 
 approach, and the cruelty of his spring. 
 
 Weerdhoochwee. You do well to mourn 
 over the past. We have poisoned the fountain 
 ourselves, and it is fit we should drink of its 
 
42 T A N G O R U A. 
 
 bitter waters. At the beginning our enemies 
 might have been destroyed like a brood of 
 serpents in their nests, at a single blow; but 
 we spared them, protected them, and encour 
 aged them, to grow and spread themselves 
 about us, till now their thousand hisses 
 threaten us with destruction. But let us not 
 despair of the future. The cloud which floats 
 lazily along when the air is calm, is as 
 harmless and peaceful as a fawn grazing in 
 the pastures ; but when the tempest comes to 
 drive it forward, it grows more angry and 
 frowns more darkly as it flies, until at length 
 from its wrathful bosom leaps the thunder 
 bolt. Is not such even now the temper of our 
 warriors ? Away then and lead them to battle ! 
 
 Tangorua. I have long cherished other 
 hopes, which were deeply rooted in my heart ; 
 but I here tear them forth and cast them from 
 me forever. I go to meet the white men in 
 council, but I will turn that council into a 
 war-dance, and for a treaty I will exchange 
 the red belt with them. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. Before you came I slept, 
 and in my sleep a vision of the future passed 
 
T A N G O R U A. 43 
 
 before me. I saw all the warriors of many 
 nations assembled under the war-flag of 
 Tangorua, and as they marched, our enemies 
 fled like grasshoppers. Some escaped into 
 the sea, and a great multitude were trampled 
 under foot. After this, I saw Tangorua lead 
 ing a beautiful white maiden, the last of her 
 race, to his wigwam ; and from it came forth, 
 as I looked, many generations of great chiefs, 
 in whose veins was mingled the best blood of 
 the white and the red man, and who ruled 
 for long ages with wisdom and justice over a 
 great and happy people. I awoke from my 
 dream and found you standing before me. 
 
 Tangorua. In sleep the mind is like a 
 stagnant pool, from which vapours sometimes 
 rise and assume strange and fantastic shapes. 
 And the spirit of man sometimes descends 
 the stream of time, and sees what is passing 
 on the distant shores of the future long before 
 his life bark has floated down to them. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. This young chief is cer 
 tainly honest and patriotic, but then it is mar 
 velous how the noblest virtues are strengthened 
 
44 T A N G O R U A. 
 
 when one s own selfish interests can be used 
 to prop them. How his eyes kindled as I 
 told my vision ! He is no believer in dreams 
 forsooth ; but then dreams have sometimes 
 proved true, and why not this one ? He ac 
 knowledges that his love for the white maiden 
 is deeply rooted in his heart ; but he is willing 
 to pluck out those roots for the sake of his 
 people. We must not let him try so danger 
 ous an experiment. Let them grow there 
 for the present ; they will hold him faster 
 than all his patriotism and ambition. He 
 shall be indulged with this toy until his work 
 is accomplished : then I will toss it into the 
 fire, though he should blubber like a child 
 for it. A mongrel breed of chiefs to rule 
 over the future generations of red men ! 
 Why, this would be to yield half the fruits of 
 victory to our conquered enemies. No ! not 
 one drop of their blood shall live here in any 
 veins, much less in the veins of our people. 
 Strong is Tangorua s love for the white 
 maiden, but stronger yet is Weerahoochwee s 
 hate for all the race of pale faces. 
 
TANGORUA. 45 
 
 SECTION IY. 
 
 At Philadelphia. Present, the Lieut.-Governor and 
 his Council. 
 
 1st Council-man. The messenger sent to 
 the Indian Chiefs has returned, and is now 
 here ready to report. 
 
 Lieut.-Governor. Let him be called in im 
 mediately. [Enter Lynford.} Sir, I con 
 gratulate you on your safe return from your 
 dangerous mission. We are anxious to hear 
 your report. 
 
 Lynford. Your Excellency is very oblig 
 ing. I am glad indeed to find myself here 
 again with my scalp safe on my head; for I 
 have seen many wild animals since I left, 
 both brute and human. I have visited some 
 of each kind in their lairs, and, in truth, their 
 manners and pursuits seem to be much alike. 
 Their industry is employed upon the same 
 ends; and as to their amusements I hardly 
 
46 T A N G O R U A. 
 
 know which is the more innocent and attrac 
 tive. If I were to speak as a musician, for 
 instance, I should be obliged to own that I 
 prefer the howl of a wolf, to the yell of an 
 Indian. Tastes differ however, and 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. I must desire you, sir, to 
 speak more directly to the purpose: these 
 descriptions would be more suitable elsewhere 
 than here. 
 
 Lynford. Your Excellency will please to 
 excuse me. I have been so long among 
 wild scenes, that my tongue has perhaps 
 caught the infection, and forgotten the laws 
 of decorum. But I will endeavor to come 
 to the point at once. After I had crossed the 
 borders of civilization, I made my way (liter 
 ally made it, sir, for there was none to follow,) 
 over mountains which compelled me to go up 
 past the clouds, which lowered as if ready to 
 burst with anger to see me out-climb them ; 
 and across streams, great and small, without 
 number, which, though evidently running 
 with all their might, were yet unable to carry 
 off the deluge of water fast enough, since 
 
T A N G O R U A. 47 
 
 their banks were everywhere overflowed ; and 
 through a wilderness that was perpetual, ex 
 cept that here and there the prospect was re 
 lieved by a clear patch, an acre or so, of rock, 
 and so I climbed, waded and swam on to 
 wards the head waters of the Susquehanna. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. I must again desire you, 
 sir, to speak more to the purpose. 
 
 Lynford. Certainly, sir ! I shall be as brief 
 as possible. I succeeded at last in finding 
 some fellows who called themselves chiefs; 
 but I could hardly believe this, since it im 
 plied that there was somebody inferior to 
 them, and it was not easy to conceive of any 
 thing lower in the scale of humanity than 
 themselves. They acknowledged, however, 
 that there were yet greater men than they 
 among their people ; and these they agreed to 
 send for. After many days several of the 
 higher nobles (and they certainly did look 
 more diabolically savage than the others,) 
 came in. But the most illustrious potentate 
 was still wanting. This was the young Chief 
 Tangorua. He also finally came, and the con- 
 
48 TANGOKUA. 
 
 sultation began. How this chief came to be 
 an inhabitant of these forests I cannot imagine, 
 for he clearly belongs to a different clime. 
 He is a lion among bears and wolves ; and it 
 is wonderful to see how the inferior beasts 
 instinctively acknowledge his royalty. He 
 walks among 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. Eelate briefly what was 
 said, sir ; we all know Tangorua. 
 
 Lynford. Well, sir, after I had delivered 
 my message, many pipes were smoked, and 
 a long discussion took place among them 
 selves. Tangorua then called for me, and in 
 a tone which seemed to me compounded of 
 courtesy and contempt in equal proportions, 
 said: that he felt himself much honored by 
 the governor s invitation, and was sorry to be 
 obliged to decline so great a distinction. He 
 did not know that he had any particular busi 
 ness at Philadelphia, he said, and felt sure 
 that he had no desire to go there. That if 
 the governor wished to see him, he would 
 be happy at any time to receive him, at his 
 wigwam. The distance he believed would 
 
TANGOBUA. 49 
 
 be about the same for one as for the 
 other, and the governor he was sure could 
 command much better means of traveling 
 than he could. I reminded him that your 
 Excellency was much occupied with the cares 
 of government, and that the records of all for 
 mer transactions were kept here, and could 
 not well be removed. That Philadelphia was 
 therefore the proper place for holding coun 
 cils. He replied that without meaning to 
 compare his labors with those of the gover 
 nor he must be allowed to observe, that he had 
 his engagements also. And as to the records 
 he had them all there, carefully written upon 
 the memories of his old men. It is true, he 
 added, that my copies do not exactly agree 
 with the copies at Philadelphia ; but that the 
 time had gone by when things were to be 
 admitted as true, merely because they had 
 been written down by a governor s clerk. In 
 conclusion he said : " This then is my answer, 
 if the governor wishes to see me he must 
 come here." Finding him in this temper, 
 and believing that in the present troubled 
 
50 T A N G K U A. 
 
 state of affairs, you considered a meeting of 
 great importance, and would be willing to 
 make any reasonable concessions to bring it 
 about, I thought it best to propose a compro 
 mise, and therefore suggested, that you would 
 perhaps be willing to meet him at some in 
 termediate point. After much consideration 
 and consultation with the others, he finally 
 agreed to go as far as Lancaster ; and I pro 
 mised in your name, that you would meet 
 him there. This seemed to me necessary 
 under the circumstances, and I hope it will 
 meet your approbation. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. No, sir ! You have greatly 
 exceeded your authority, and I shall not 
 recognise your promise. To go a long journey 
 from the seat of government for such a pur 
 pose, would be to make ourselves ridiculous. 
 I, at least, shall not do it. 
 
 Lynford. Considering the present temper 
 of the Indians, I fear such refusal will have 
 serious consequences. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. I shall take care of the con 
 sequences, and find means to chastise their in- 
 
TANGORUA. 51 
 
 science. They now refuse to come here as 
 friends; they will soon be glad to come as 
 suppliants. 
 
 1st Council-man If I venture to remon 
 strate with your Excellency against this deci 
 sion, my longer experience in Indian affairs 
 must serve as my apology. It has ever been 
 thought expedient by the rulers of this Pro 
 vince to humor the pride, and even the 
 whims of the Indians ; and in my judgment, 
 such concessions on the present occasion, 
 would be found much cheaper and more 
 effectual than the employment of force. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. Such I am aware was the 
 policy of my predecessors. I am for a differ 
 ent policy; and the sooner it is begun the 
 better. 
 
 2d Council-man.- The French spare no 
 pains to entice the Indians into their alliance; 
 and it has heretofore required our utmost 
 efforts to counteract their machinations. To 
 slight them now would be to throw them 
 directly into the arms of the French. 
 
 All the Council men. This, we think, would 
 
52 T A N G O R U A. 
 
 be a most unfortunate time to change our an 
 cient policy towards the Indians. To refuse 
 this meeting, would* inevitably bring most 
 serious mischiefs upon this Province. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. [After a longpauseJ] Gentle 
 men, my judgment is decidedly against the 
 course you recommend ; but, I am unwilling 
 at this early period of my administration to 
 act in so important a matter against the unani 
 mous advice of my council. I shall go to 
 Lancaster, therefore ; though most reluctantly, 
 and with the conviction that I am greatly 
 compromising the dignity of my station. Let 
 the Assembly be informed of the time and 
 place of the meeting, and requested to ap 
 point commissioners to accompany us, if such 
 is their pleasure. As many of you as can 
 make it convenient will also attend, gentle 
 men. (2) 
 
 Enter a Messenger A committee of Qua 
 kers are at the door, and wish to have an in 
 terview with the governor. 
 
 Lie at.- Governor. Let them be admitted. 
 Cullender and other Friends^ 
 
T A N G O R U A. 53 
 
 Callender. The Friendly Association for 
 the promotion of peace with the Indians have 
 instructed us to wait upon the governor, to 
 receive his answer to the application formerly 
 made by them for permission to examine the 
 minutes of council relative to Indian pur 
 chases and treaties. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. The treaty-making power 
 belongs exclusively to the Executive, or to 
 such agents as may be specially appointed 
 for the purpose by his Majesty. I see no pro 
 priety, therefore, in allowing the Quakers or 
 any other class of citizens, to meddle in such 
 matters. 
 
 Callender. The governor is not, perhaps } 
 aware of the peculiar relation which the peo 
 ple he is pleased to call Quakers, sustain 
 towards the Indians. If he had been longer 
 amongst us, he would have known that the 
 Indians cherish much love and veneration for 
 the memory of the illustrious Founder of this 
 Province ; and that they look upon the Friends 
 of the present day, as the especial representa 
 tives of his character and principles. If the 
 5* 
 
54: TANGORUA. 
 
 governor will take the trouble to inquire into 
 the matter, he will find that the Friends have 
 on several occasions, ,been the happy instru 
 ments of affecting reconciliations with our 
 Indian neighbors when all other influences 
 have failed ; and he will, perhaps, find some 
 reason for believing, that the great advantages, 
 in peace and friendship with the natives, 
 which this Province has enjoyed over. the 
 neighbouring Provinces, have been in no 
 small degree owing to the efforts and influ 
 ence of Friends. 
 
 A Council-man, [one of the Proprietary 
 Agents.] Some of us can at least testify, -that 
 they have never been sparing of their advice ; 
 though we may not have been so fortunate 
 as to witness the good results of their efforts. 
 I have also observed, that their zeal for the 
 public interests, have never made them un 
 mindful for a moment of the special interests 
 of the Society of Friends. No doubt, they 
 have been able to reconcile these public and 
 private ends to their own satisfaction, at least. 
 
 Cullender. And also, we trust, to the satis- 
 
TANGORUA. 55 
 
 faction of all honest men. Thou hast had am 
 ple opportunities, friend Kichard, for obser 
 vation, without doubt ; and thy experience as a 
 proprietary agent, will, perhaps, enable thee 
 to bear testimony to certain other occurrences 
 which the governor may find it interesting 
 and profitable to hear of. Thou canst tell, I 
 presume, of more than one occasion of trouble 
 with the Indians, the provincial treasury being 
 empty, and the proprietary agents refusing 
 to make any advances of money, when our 
 people came forward and contributed the ne 
 cessary amount from their own pockets. We 
 had always supposed, that our fellow-citizens 
 of all denominations, and the proprietaries, 
 and even their agents, derived an equal bene 
 fit with ourselves from the peace which we 
 were thus the happy instruments of preserv 
 ing. If thou dost not chose to speak of these 
 occurrences, but can remember any occasion 
 on which we withheld our means, or refused 
 our aid to the public service, or pursued our own 
 private advantage apart from the general ad 
 vantage of the Province, it would be as great a 
 
56 TANGORUA. 
 
 pleasure to us to hear those instances speci 
 fied, as it will, no doubt, be to thee to relate 
 them. But as general charges can give the 
 governor no useful information, so obscure 
 insinuations can do no honor to him who 
 makes them. 
 
 Proprietary Agent. The purchasing of land 
 from the Indians belongs to the proprietaries 
 alone ; it is entirely a matter between them 
 and the Indians; the private citizen has no 
 thing to do with it. 
 
 Callender. Thee well knows, friend Kich- 
 ard, and all this council know, that the Pro 
 vince of Pennsylvania was settled upon very 
 different principles from the other colonies of 
 his Majesty. The original adventurers were 
 men of substance and reputation. They pur 
 chased their lands from the first proprietor, 
 who, on his part, engaged to protect them 
 against all claims from the native inhabitants, 
 and all other persons ; and so it is mentioned 
 in their deeds. For this protection he re 
 ceived an annual quit rent, which not only 
 sufficed to extinguish the Indian titles, but 
 
TANGORUA. 57 
 
 left a large balance in his hands for making 
 further purchases. During the life of William 
 Penn these agreements were faithfully ob 
 served on both sides ; and if the Indians have 
 not been fairly dealt with since his death, it 
 is a matter in which all honest men are inter 
 ested, but which especially interests such of 
 us as hold lands under the original deeds. 
 
 Proprietarg Agent. If the Indians have 
 complaints to make let them specify them ; it 
 is for them to prove their charges, not to call 
 on us for the evidence. ^ , 
 
 Callender. It is necessary again to remind 
 thee, friend Kichard, of some circum 
 stances, as to which thy memory seems de 
 fective. Those transactions with the Indians 
 were of a very peculiar character. The 
 opportunities for fraud were great, and their 
 only security was to be found in the integrity 
 of the white men. Records were made upon 
 one side only, and these were to be kept for 
 the benefit of both. A dispute having now 
 arisen, it is strange language to hear, that 
 the Indians must produce their proofs. Such 
 
58 TANGORUA. 
 
 was not the intention of Wm. Penn, and we 
 feel bound to protest against it in the name 
 of honesty and good faith. Our desire to see 
 justice done the Indians ; our regard for the 
 good name of the Province ; and a prudent 
 care of our own interests as land-holders, 
 have alike urged us to make this application 
 for permission to examine the original records. 
 We have great respect for the proprietaries ; 
 but we suppose them as well as their agents 
 to be fallible men ; and we believe it hath 
 ever been held a most salutary principle of 
 justice, that in the settlement of disputed 
 questions, a party interested ought not to be 
 subjected to the temptation of testifying in 
 his own behalf. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. These transactions with 
 the Indians are, it is true, of a very peculiar 
 character. They might choose to dispute our 
 records, if they were shown to them. The 
 decision must be with us at past. It is neces 
 sary to deal with them as with children; 
 endeavoring to impress them with a sense 
 of our kindness, indeed ; but also of our 
 
TANGORUA. 59 
 
 authority. If they prove disobedient, we 
 must chastise them. To attempt to indulge 
 them in all their capricious humors, would 
 be absurd and ruinous. 
 
 Callender. The policy of conciliation com 
 menced by Win. Penn in this province, was 
 long faithfully pursued ; and however contrary 
 to the usual policy of governments, we may 
 safely appeal to its fruits for its vindication : 
 for the governor has no doubt been informed 
 that for more than half a century, no hostile 
 incursion was ever made by any Indians 
 upon this province. Since the policy of war 
 has been adopted against them, on the con 
 trary, all our border settlements have been 
 destroyed, and the very heart of the province 
 threatened with invasion. We may also, we 
 hope, be excused for remarking that the most 
 martial of the neighboring provinces, after 
 exhausting all their resources to conquer the 
 Indians, have obtained peace with them at 
 last, when obtained at all, only upon such 
 principles as we have always recommended. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. Gentlemen, you have our 
 
60 TANGORUA. 
 
 answer ; you can report to the Friendly As 
 sociation, that their request respecting the 
 Minutes of Council cannot be complied with. 
 
 Callender. If such is the governor s answer, 
 it will be our unpleasant duty so to report it. 
 But we have also been instructed to state, 
 that it is the purpose of the Friendly Asso 
 ciation to send a deputation of its members to 
 the approaching treaty ; and also to provide 
 something handsome as a present for the 
 Indians, which they hope it will be the 
 governor s pleasure to present in their names 
 in connection with the public present, as has 
 been done on several occasions by his pre 
 decessors. 
 
 Lieut. -Governor. That such a practice 
 should ever have prevailed, is to me most 
 surprising. For any association of indivi 
 duals to presume to treat with foreign princes, 
 or to mediate between the Province in which 
 they live and any independent people, is the 
 highest invasion of his Majesty s Prerogative 
 Eoyal, and of most pernicious consequence.. 
 Neither can any one body or society be 
 
T A N G O R U A. 61 
 
 allowed by the presentation of presents, to 
 attach the Indians to their own particular 
 interests. These requests, therefore, are like 
 wise declined. 
 
 Callender. If it is not the pleasure of the 
 governor to allow our present to be presented 
 with the public present, it cannot be so pre 
 sented. We apprehend, however, that our 
 people are too sensible of the good effects 
 resulting from their presence on former occa 
 sions of a like nature, to be willing to 
 remain inactive in these perilous times; 
 especially as they would have reason to sup 
 pose, that in their absence, the governor 
 would be reduced to the necessity of relying, 
 for much of his information, on the propriatary 
 agents, representing one of the parties inte 
 rested. Our people have great respect for the 
 king, and also for the proprietaries and their 
 agents ; but they have always endeavored 
 to reconcile this sentiment with a due regard 
 for their duties as Christians, and their rights 
 as Englishmen. If, therefore, they should 
 consider it necessary for them to appear at 
 
62 TANGORUA. 
 
 the ensuing treaty, and to take with them 
 something in the shape of a present for the 
 Indians, we trust their doing so will not be 
 construed into any mark of disrespect for 
 their lawful rulers. 
 
 \\Exeunt Ccdlender and the other QiiaJcersJ] 
 Lieut.- Governor. If this spirit of insubor 
 dination be allowed to grow thus rank among 
 us, where will it end? the Assembly has 
 already far outstepped our authority, and has 
 fairly set up for itself; and these smooth 
 spoken Quakers are ready with their maxims 
 of peace, to set the king himself at defiance. 
 It is high time for us to change our course of 
 policy. They must be made to understand 
 that the king still wields his sceptre, or the 
 day is near at hand when it will require a 
 royal army to keep them in subjection. 
 
 [Exeunt OmnesJ] 
 
PART SECOND. 
 
 SECTION I. 
 
 At Lancaster. A public street. Present, Vernon and 
 Lynford. 
 
 Lynford. Happy to meet you Vernon on 
 this auspicious occasion ! Here we are, like 
 so many Cyclops, to forge, not indeed, thun 
 der-bolts, but a new chain of friendship, bright, 
 and never to grow rusty, of course, as usual. 
 One end is to be linked fast to the Indians, 
 but to whom shall the other be linked? 
 There are four rival applicants, the governor, 
 the propriatary agents, the Assembly, and 
 the Quakers, each of whom is resolved that 
 the others shall not hold it ; and I am afraid 
 our hammers will grow tired, before we can 
 make a chain long enough and strong enough 
 
64: TANGORUA. 
 
 to reach round them all and hold them fast. 
 They agree, however, that it is necessary to 
 keep the enemy at bay ; in order, I suppose, 
 that their several factions may have leisure 
 to tomahawk each other. Now, in my judg 
 ment, it would be an economy to leave that 
 business to the Indians. They would do it 
 far more handsomely ; it is in their line ; they 
 are used to it, and would think it a delightful 
 recreation. But you, gentlemen commissioners, 
 who represent the Assembly ! what new act of 
 insubordination are you plotting ? what new 
 humiliation have you in store for the governor? 
 
 Vernon. You delight in vexing me, Lyn- 
 ford; but I will not quarrel with you, for 
 your tongue, it is well known, is licensed on 
 all subjects. We are here, sir, to guard the 
 rights of the people, and to see that their true 
 interests are not sacrificed to the personal ends 
 of those in authority. 
 
 Lynford. And the Quakers; they are 
 here with sundry bales of goods, and an ample 
 stock of friendly speeches. Eare shepherds, 
 these, to guard the public fold ! Let all the 
 
TANGORUA. 65 
 
 defences be thrown down, say they ; the more 
 the sheep are exposed, the less danger that 
 the wolves will harm them. Now the differ 
 ence is this, some of us would rather fight for 
 our scalps, than bow our heads to the knife. 
 
 Vernon. The Quakers are very well able 
 to answer for themselves. Indeed, they need 
 only, in their quiet way, point to the past 
 history of this Province, it will answer for 
 them. It may be long before their principles 
 prevail among the nations, but as future ages 
 shall approach nearer and nearer to the reign 
 of universal peace, the period of Quaker-rule 
 in Pennsylvania will be looked upon with 
 ever-increasing admiration. Here first did the 
 rulers of a State magnanimously rely for 
 protection on justice and humanity alone; 
 and here first was it demonstrated that even 
 for the control of savages, these are more 
 potent weapons than the sword. 
 
 Lynford. They are welcome to their re 
 miniscences of the past, and their anticipations 
 of future glory, if only they will leave us to 
 regulate the affairs of the present time. Ah ! 
 
66 TANGORUA. 
 
 if the power of our governor were only equal 
 to his spirit ! Then should we see this fac 
 tious spirit replaced by silent order and abso 
 lute obedience. Should the Indians prove 
 unruly, he would shoot them down like wild 
 beasts ; and did the Assembly show too much 
 independence, he would turn them out of 
 doors at the point of the bayonet ; and as for 
 the Broad-brims, he would hang the whole 
 sect on gallows thirty cubits high. 
 
 Vernon. The governor is no doubt well 
 enough disposed towards such a policy, and 
 there is no telling how far such a man may 
 venture. But what of those high gallows, 
 Lynford? did not somebody once erect such 
 a one for somebody, in the olden time ? 
 
 Lynford. Certainly, you know Hainan 
 erected such a one for Mordecai, the Jew. 
 
 Vernon. Yery good I But what was the 
 result of that affair? Mordecai, I believe, was 
 not hanged after all. 
 
 Lynford. No ! but Haman was hanged on 
 his own gallows. 
 
 Vernon. So I thought ; and this governor 
 
TANGORUA. 67 
 
 of ours, I hope, is familiar with the story. If 
 not, it might be well for him to study it 
 carefully. 
 
 Lynford. Why, Yernon, this, it seems to 
 me, smacks a little of treason. 
 
 Vernon. Well, the precedent was of your 
 own citing. But if there is treason in such 
 words as mine, then is treason fast becoming 
 the popular language of these Colonies. It is 
 constantly heard in all their assemblies ; it is 
 echoed back, everywhere, from the gatherings 
 of the people ; it is whispered in every private 
 circle ; yes, sir, the very atmosphere is charged 
 with it, as with lightning before a thunder 
 storm. There may be Hamans among us 
 mad enough to build such gallows as you 
 speak of; but if so, be assured they will build 
 
 them for themselves. 
 
 [Exit] 
 
 Lynford. So ! Even this cool-headed fellow 
 seems almost ripe for rebellion. There is 
 much truth, too, in what he says about the 
 popular sentiment ; and a wise man like my 
 self should think of this. Certainly, I have 
 
63 TANGORUA. 
 
 no taste for sedition, but then I should be 
 very loath to find myself on the losing side. 
 Well, well, the governor and his party still 
 have the bestowal of the patronage, and I 
 shall therefore stick to them until I am sure 
 that somebody else can pay better. Still, I 
 have my misgivings that I am an ass for doing 
 so. But what then ? Is it not the glory of 
 the ass (the highest, if not the only eulogy 
 ever passed on him,) that he knows his mas 
 ter s crib ? If then I must suffer his reproach 
 let me try also to share his advantage. 
 
TANGORUA. 69 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 Same place. At Tangorua s Lodgings. Present, Ver- 
 non, CaUender, and Tangorua. 
 
 Tangorua. I have sent for you, my friends, 
 because I believe you wish to see justice done, 
 and I have need of your assistance. I sup 
 posed this was to be a treaty between two 
 independent parties ; the governor represent 
 ing his people, and I representing mine ; and 
 that we met here on neutral ground, and on 
 equal terms. But the governor does not seem 
 to understand it so. He treats me as a child; 
 does every thing in his own way, and expects 
 me to trust entirely to his paternal kindness. 
 He ought to know that confidence cannot be 
 produced by such means. It is a wild flower 
 that will grow spontaneously in its own time? 
 wherever it finds a congenial soil. It may 
 be found blooming on the barren heath, and 
 amid snow and ice, and on the bosom of the 
 
70 TANGORUA. 
 
 rock; but it cannot be forced into sudden 
 existence, by any art of cultivation, even in 
 the richest garden. I am here to take care 
 of the interests of my people, and I expect all 
 things to be done openly, that I may see and 
 understand whatever is proposed, before I 
 agree to it. 
 
 Vernon. It seems to me, that what you 
 require is but j ust and reasonable. 
 
 Callender. If thou adherest to such prin 
 ciples throughout, friend Tangorua, the So 
 ciety of Friends will not fail to approve thy 
 course. 
 
 Tangorua. It has been customary, as you 
 know, to have the history of these treaties 
 recorded. The practice has been for the 
 governor to appoint a clerk, by whom every 
 thing said and agreed upon should be care 
 fully written down. On the part of the In 
 dians, nothing was written, nor had they any 
 means of knowing whether the governor s 
 clerk wrote the account tru]y. For any 
 thing they knew, he might write whatever 
 he pleased, or whatever his master com- 
 
TANGOKUA. 71 
 
 manded. The account so written, was then 
 laid up among the archives of the govern 
 ment, where it slept quietly until some of 
 those who attended the treaty were dead, till 
 the memories of others were impaired by age, 
 and till other transactions had obscured the 
 recollection of all ; then suddenly waking it, 
 told its tale against the Indians, and there 
 was no one to distinguish its voice from the 
 voice of truth. In this way a falsehood, 
 which no one would have had the face to 
 utter at the beginning, might become in 
 time a recorded truth, so sacred that no one 
 would dare to dispute it ; of all weapons this 
 is the most dangerous to the Indians. They 
 can fight against your swords and muskets, 
 but when you appeal to their good faith, they 
 have no resistance to make; they yield up 
 their right to redeem promises which their 
 fathers never made. To guard against such 
 evils in future, I resolved before coming 
 here to have a clerk of my own choosing, 
 by whom every thing should be written 
 
72 TANGORUA. 
 
 down, and compared with the record made 
 by the governor s clerk. 
 
 Vernon. You must apply to the governor. 
 I am free to say that your request is no 
 more than reasonable, and do not hesitate to 
 promise in his name that he will promptly 
 grant it. 
 
 Callender. Without doubt he will do so. 
 What thou demandest is certainly thy just 
 right ; and as a wise and upright man the 
 governor cannot refuse thee. 
 
 Tangorua. Let the world judge then, 
 whether this governor is a wise and upright 
 man ! I have already made the application, 
 and he has refused it. Such, he says, has not 
 been the custom, and he insists upon follow 
 ing the old course. A wise and just man 
 would not inquire what was customary, but 
 what was proper to be done. That we have 
 been wronged in times past he would own 
 may give us a right to indemnity, but can 
 give him no right to repeat the wrong. Even 
 the beasts of the forest know how to accom 
 modate themselves to the change of seasons 
 
TANGORUA. 73 
 
 and circumstances. Must the Indian alone 
 pursue a road that leads to destruction, be 
 cause it is a beaten path? The governor 
 requires of us what he cannot obtain from 
 his own people. They do not trust him with 
 the care of their rights, but vigilantly guard 
 them for themselves. They act wisely, and 
 I intend to follow their example. Go, then, 
 and urge the governor to perform what jus 
 tice demands, if you wish this treaty to pro 
 ceed ; for, until he has given me this pledge 
 of sincerity, I will hear no more of his pro 
 fessions of friendship. 
 
 Vernon and Callender. We shall not fail to 
 present your views to him, nor to tell him 
 that we see nothing improper in them. 
 [Exeunt^] 
 
 Tangorua. These worthy gentlemen take 
 up my cause with wonderful alacrity, They 
 love justice; ay, and they hate the governor. 
 Why then should they not make use of a 
 poor Indian, as a nettle, to sting him with ? 
 And why should not I make use of them as 
 tools to dig a mine, which, duly fired, shall 
 
74: TANGOKUA. 
 
 blow both them and him .and all their race to 
 heaven or hell anywhere out of the land 
 their fathers stole from ours. And then for 
 Weeraooch wee s dream ! Ambition, patriot 
 ism, love all draw me in the same direction. 
 Each has had power, alone, to raise even com 
 mon men to greatness ; the inspiration of all 
 three, then, can hardly fail to make a hero. 
 But what if this governor should unfortu 
 nately grant my prayer? I must prefer 
 another; and, if he grant that, another still, 
 and so on till his grace shall be exhausted. 
 Thus with the aid of my good allies, I shall 
 make him appear the aggressor; sow discord 
 in his ranks, and bring the contest to a sud 
 den issue. [Exitl\ 
 
TANGORUA. 75 
 
 SECTION III. 
 
 At same place. A room in the Court House. Present, 
 the Lieut.-Governor and his Council. Enter Vernon 
 and other Provincial Commissioners ; also, Callender 
 and other Quakers. 
 
 Vernon. As representatives of the Assem 
 bly, and of the Society of Friends, we wait 
 upon your excellency in behalf of the Indian 
 Chief Tangorua, who complains that he has 
 not been treated with the justice and frank 
 ness he has a right to expect. 
 
 Lieut. - Governor. What! sir; am I to 
 understand that you have been holding in 
 tercourse with a suspected enemy of this 
 province, and that you now presume to ap 
 pear before us as his professed advocates ? 
 
 Vernon. Tangorua sent for us, and ex 
 pressed a wish to confer with us as friends, 
 declaring that an obstacle had occurred in 
 the way of the treaty, which must be removed 
 
76 T A N G O R U A. 
 
 before it could proceed a single step. He 
 stated, that after mature deliberation he had 
 resolved never again to transact any public 
 business without having a clerk of his own 
 choosing to write down all that should pass ; 
 that he had made application to your honor 
 to this effect, and that you had peremptorily 
 refused his request. He therefore desired us 
 us to interpose in his behalf. 
 
 Lieut. -Governor. And what answer did 
 you think proper, in your wisdom and pa 
 triotism, to give him ? 
 
 Vernon. We could not deny that his re 
 quest to have a secretary, seemed to us as 
 reasonable as it was wise and prudent. We 
 therefore agreed to remonstrate with your 
 honor on the subject; nor did we fail to 
 encourage him to indulge the hope that 
 on farther consideration your honor would 
 change your decision. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. This is the most extraor 
 dinary proceeding I ever heard of. Who are 
 you, sirs, that take upon yourselves to sit in 
 judgment on my conduct? Those of you 
 
TANGORUA. 77 
 
 who are Colonial Commissioners, know that 
 you have been appointed to that office for the 
 sole purpose of disbursing certain moneys, 
 with my approbation. And you who belong 
 to the Society of Friends, received our instruc 
 tions upon this subject at Philadelphia. We 
 cautioned you against appearing at this treaty, 
 and are greatly surprised at seeing you here. 
 It cannot but be known to you all, that I 
 alone in this province, as the representative 
 of his majesty, am authorised to hold inter 
 course with the Indians, on occasions like 
 this; and that in presuming to act as media 
 tors, you have violated the established laws ; 
 set a most pernicious example ; invaded the 
 just prerogative of your sovereign, and ex 
 posed yourselves to condign punishment. 
 Since you forget what is due to your respec 
 tive stations and to mine, I must make it my 
 business to remind you of it. 
 
 Vernon. The Assembly appointed their 
 commissioners, as your honor has remarked, 
 to disburse the public moneys; but they 
 also expect us to judge of the propriety 
 
78 TANGOKUA. 
 
 of such disbursements. If, therefore, we 
 discover a course of proceeding, which we 
 think injurious to the public interests, we 
 conceive that it is our duty both to remon 
 strate against such proceeding, and to refuse 
 to pay the expense of them. Such we con 
 ceive to be our rights as Provincial Commis 
 sioners. And I would moreover inform your 
 honor, that as members of the Assembly, and 
 representatives of the freemen of Pennsyl 
 vania, we claim the right to remonstrate with 
 the executive upon any subject whatever, as 
 often as we may judge that the interests of 
 our constituents require it. 
 
 Callender. It hath always been the prac 
 tice of Friends to abstain carefully from the 
 use of violent language ; nor are they accus 
 tomed to regard it much, when used by others ; 
 inasmuch as experience has long since taught 
 them that truth and justice, are at all times a 
 sufficient defence against such ill-chosen wea 
 pons. The prohibition of a governor has not 
 yet, as we trust, attained the force of law in 
 this province ; and therefore it cannot deter 
 
TANGORUA. 79 
 
 us from the exercise of our full rights as free 
 men. Since therefore we know of no statute 
 or custom which forbids our going whither 
 soever our inclinations may lead us, we have 
 now come here, because it was our pleasure 
 to do so. And when we saw that the gover 
 nor was pursuing a course which we had good 
 reason to fear, would prove injurious to our 
 own interests and those of our fellow subjects, 
 we could not hesitate to exercise that right 
 of petition and remonstrance, which we have 
 derived from our ancestors, and which every 
 Englishman esteems among his most sacred 
 privileges. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. I will hear no more of 
 this. Your language I must say is as far 
 removed from decency, as your conduct is 
 from loyalty. I am resolved, at all hazards? 
 to maintain the prerogative of his Majesty 
 unimpaired ; and I therefore enjoin it upon 
 you, whether commissioners, members of the 
 assembly, or private subjects, to abstain from 
 all farther interference with the conduct of 
 this treaty ; and I warn you against holding 
 
80 TANGORUA. 
 
 any farther intercourse with the Indians of a 
 public nature, directly or indirectly, upon any 
 pretence whatever. Kemember this, as you 
 shall answer to his Majesty, at your peril. 
 
 Vernon. We have discharged our duty; 
 the responsibility now rests with your Honor. 
 
 Callender. We shall cheerfully answer to 
 his Majesty for the offence of having offered 
 a petition and remonstrance, in a matter which 
 concerned the public interest, to one of his 
 subordinates. 
 
 Lieut. -Governor. [To an Attendant. ] Go 
 call Tangorua. [Exit Attendant. ] It is time 
 this farce was ended. 
 
 "Lst Council-man. Those who have insti 
 gated or encouraged him in his course de 
 serve the severest censure ; but if he should 
 persist in his demand, let us not blindly walk 
 into the snare which has been laid for us. 
 It will do but little honor to our skill in 
 diplomacy, if we allow this council to be 
 broken up on a mere question of formality. 
 
 2nd Council-man. Certainly it concerns our 
 honor as well as the interests of this Province 
 
TANGORUA. 81 
 
 to overcome this difficulty and proceed with 
 the treaty. Concession upon this point, judi 
 ciously made, may be turned to our advan- 
 tange in matters of more consequence. 
 
 [Enter Tangoma. ] 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. We have been much sur 
 prised, that you should send others to remon 
 strate with us, when you know that we were 
 always glad to confer with you personally 
 upon any subject. Why should you insist 
 upon having a secretary? Are you wiser 
 than your forefathers ? They made no such 
 demand, and you cast a reproach upon their 
 memories you condemn their conduct for 
 more than fifty years by refusing to follow 
 the course with which they were always so 
 well satisfied. 
 
 Tangorua. If my Brother sees anything 
 offensive in what I have done, it can only 
 be because he was seeking for it. I have 
 treated him as a man who understood what 
 he said, and meant to adhere to it. When 
 you refused my request, therefore, I thought 
 it idle to renew it, unless some other argu- 
 
82 TANGOKUA. 
 
 ments or influences could be brought to bear 
 in its favor. In all this I still think there 
 was no cause of offence. Neither have I 
 shown any disrespect to the memory of my 
 ancestors. The conduct of men should be 
 governed by circumstances. The white men 
 were at first few in number, and came begging 
 hospitality. Wm. Penn was their leader. 
 They are now more numerous than ourselves, 
 and, you, sir, are their governor. What was 
 wise conduct in our fathers, might therefore 
 be folly in us. Does not the same soil which 
 in its youth and freshness produce abundant 
 crops, yield only thorns and briers when it 
 has become worn and wasted ? The one may 
 be more inviting to the stranger, but the 
 other is more annoying to the trespasser. 
 Consider the senseless waters ? When their 
 accustomed channel is obstructed they know 
 how to find a new path, and make their way 
 to their place of destination.. But what if we 
 claim to be wiser than our fathers? have we 
 not grown up side by side with your own 
 people, and mingled freely with them? how 
 
TANGOEUA. 83 
 
 then could we escape catching some rays of 
 that wisdom which shines so brightly in 
 them ? And what if I claim to know more 
 than the chiefs who have gone before me? 
 Have I not had your own example for my 
 instruction? or do you think me incapable 
 of following so wise a guide ? Let us act for 
 ourselves then without disturbing the repose 
 of the dead. They performed their parts and 
 have passed away. Let us who survive, per 
 form ours in like manner, according to the 
 best of our judgment. Such, at least, shall be 
 my rule of conduct, without regard to the 
 traditions of the past. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. I am sorry to see this 
 want of confidence. The indulgence of such 
 a spirit is little calculated to promote the ob 
 ject of this assembly. The innovation upon 
 established usage which, you propose, is 
 against my judgment ; nevertheless, to show 
 how ready I am to comply with your wishes, 
 and how anxious to remove all obstacles and 
 subjects of complaint, I shall grant your re 
 quest, though it is such as no Indian Chief 
 
84 TANGORUA. 
 
 ever made before. Choose your secretary, 
 then, arid let us proceed to business. 
 
 Tangorua. Something more is necessary 
 before we proceed. It is in vain to attempt 
 to settle a dispute, until we clearly understand 
 what it is. The history of the past has been 
 written by yourselves ; all that you have ever 
 claimed is there set down ; and though we 
 may dispute your title to so much, you at 
 least will claim no more than is there ex 
 pressed. Let these records then be produced, 
 that we may know the worst that can be said 
 against us. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. Your language would 
 seem to imply the belief that your people 
 have been unfairly dealt with. It is hard to 
 judge of such a matter, unless we know what 
 your notions in regard to fair dealing may be. 
 
 Tangorua. The customs of your people 
 and the customs of our people are in many 
 respects widely different; but the great prin 
 ciples of truth and justice are understood 
 alike by all. If we should compare our 
 notions on that subject, I am sure there would 
 
TANGORUA. 85 
 
 be no difference of opinion between us. If I 
 should tell you that a man had bought lands 
 from the Indians and then died; and that 
 after his death his sons had caused new deeds 
 to be made, alike in all respects, except that 
 they embraced a great deal more land, and 
 caused these to be recorded as the true deeds ; 
 that you would agree with me was fraud. So, 
 too, you would say it was fraud, if where the 
 extent of a purchase was to be measured by 
 so many hours walk, swift runners were em 
 ployed to make the measurement at their 
 utmost speed. And where rivers, mountains, 
 springs, and other permanent objects have 
 been pointed out on the ground as boundary - 
 marks, but are omitted in the deeds, and 
 arbitrary limits substituted for them, so as to 
 embrace twice as many acres as were agreed 
 upon, .this you will acknowledge is likewise 
 fraud. Nor will you deny that it is fraud, 
 when the purchase has been made by the 
 winding course of a river, and the lines after 
 wards run straight through from point to point 
 with a compass. These, and many other 
 
86 TANGORUA. 
 
 cases I might mention, you and all men, white 
 or red, will pronounce to be fraud. 
 
 Lieut.- Grovernor. But do you intend to say 
 that the Indians have been so treated in this 
 province ? 
 
 Tangorua. I do. The very ground on 
 which we now stand has been taken from us 
 by means like these. 
 
 Lieut.- Grovernor. If it were so, all that is 
 past ; the generation who committed and who 
 suffered the wrong are alike in their graves. 
 Our business is with the affairs of the present 
 time. 
 
 Tangorua. This is the morality of the 
 robber ; everything made to depend on posses 
 sion, nothing on right. The Indian believes 
 in a different creed. He feels himself bound 
 by the promises of his ancestors. He will 
 redeem their pledges, and fulfil their con 
 tracts. On the other hand, he feels himself 
 bound to revenge their wrongs, and to recover, 
 if he can, whatever was unjustly taken from 
 them. It is no idle curiosity, therefore, that 
 
TANGORUA. 87 
 
 leads me to inquire into these old transac 
 tions. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. Yer j well ; it sliall be as 
 you wish. We will take the matter into 
 consideration at our leisure, after our return 
 to Philadelphia, and if wrongs have been 
 committed they shall be redressed. 
 
 Tangorua. There has been no governor in 
 this province for many years past, who did 
 not make the same promise. They considered 
 the subject all the time they remained in 
 office ; and if they are still living, they are, 
 no doubt, still considering it beyond the sea. 
 The governors of other provinces have pursued 
 the same course with their Indians. They 
 are always considering their wrongs, but I 
 have never heard of a single case in which 
 they have redressed them. It is time to put 
 an end to this course. We are now here 
 together, and we have met for the express 
 purpose of settling these questions. Let us 
 then proceed to action. If we can agree, it 
 will be well ; if not, we shall at least know 
 what we have to fight about. 
 
88 TANGORUA. 
 
 Proprietary Agent. It is proper for me to 
 remind the governor and council that I have 
 possession of the deeds and records in ques 
 tion, as the confidential agent of the Pro- 
 pietaries ; and that I have been positively 
 instructed not to produce them for inspection 
 on any occasion of this kind. 
 
 1st Council-man. -I am very sorry to hear 
 this. It becomes us to act liberally and 
 openly on this occasion ; and such a spirit in 
 my judgment, requires that these records be 
 produced. Instructions given by those who 
 are thousands of miles from the scene of 
 action, ought not to be too strictly construed. 
 If the proprietaries were here, they would no 
 doubt conform their conduct to the exigencies 
 of the occasion. In their absence, it becomes 
 their agent to exercise an enlightened discre 
 tion, rather than follow the letter of his 
 instructions. 
 
 2d Council-man. I am of the same opinion. 
 The public interest requires it ; the peace of 
 the province depends upon it. 
 
TANGOKUA. 89 
 
 All the Council-men. "We are all of the 
 same opinion. 
 
 Lieut.- Q-overmor. Such being the unani 
 mous advice of the council, I will take it 
 upon myself to order the records to be 
 produced. The agent can plead my orders, 
 and I will answer forit to the proprietaries. 
 [To Tangorua.] You see in this, I trust, our 
 disposition to give every satisfaction in our 
 power to our Indian brethren. I cannot, for 
 myself, see either the necessity or propriety 
 of this course, and I agree to it purely as a 
 concession to your wishes. 
 
 [ Various papers are here produced and spread 
 upon the tables. .] 
 
 Tangorua. [After looldng over the papers for 
 some time.] I do not see what I am looking 
 for ; are these all the deeds that have been 
 given by Indians in this province ? 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. All the more recent ones 
 are here ; we could not suppose that you 
 wished to go back to the earliest times. 
 
 Tangorua. When a theft has been com 
 mitted, and a general search is agreed upon, 
 
 OvC 
 
90 TANGORUA. 
 
 whoever absents himself, is sure to be con 
 demned by all voices as the guilty one. And 
 so it will be now with your absent deeds. 
 We formerly owned all, from the sea shore 
 backwards; you claim to have made large 
 purchases. Produce your deeds that we may 
 see when these purchases were made and how 
 much they include. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. What you ask is not only 
 unreasonable, but wholy impracticable. You 
 may succeed in breaking up the conference 
 by insisting upon it, but you cannot obtain 
 the deeds, for they are not here ; we left them 
 behind, at Philadelphia. 
 
 Tangorua. That was indeed a great fault, 
 but it may yet be remedied. You have 
 young men in your service, who can go to 
 Philadelphia and return in a few days. But 
 if it required many days, it is the only course 
 left. I am willing to await his return ; but I 
 cannot go back to my people and tell them I 
 have examined these questions fully, while 
 part of the records are withheld. When I 
 
TANGORUA. 91 
 
 hear of their arrival I will wait upon you; 
 until then there is no need of my presence. 
 
 [Exit. ] 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. The more we concede, 
 the more is required of us. Let us think 
 over this new demand until to-morrow morn 
 ing, perhaps we shall find means in the 
 interim, to avoid the difficulty. 
 
 [Exeunt OmnesJ] 
 
92 T A N G O B U A. 
 
 SECTION IY. 
 
 At the Moravian Mission: Present, Zangenberg and 
 Miriam. 
 
 Zangenberg (going.) You must not detain 
 me now, child; I cannot talk with you at 
 present ; I am very busy. Besides, my mind 
 is much perplexed, and I wish to be alone. 
 
 Miriam. It is always so of late ; but my 
 dear father, I can endure this want of confi 
 dence no longer. You shun my presence as 
 much as possible ; your eye looks coldly and 
 reproachfully upon me ; you allow me no share 
 in your councils ; you seem unwilling even to 
 mingle your prayers with mine. What dread 
 ful thing have I done to cause this sad change. 
 Have I failed in diligence as the instructor of 
 these poor Indians ? Have I been guilty of 
 any impropriety of conduct, that makes my 
 example unfit for their imitation ? Or have 
 I neglected any of the duties which a daugh- 
 
TANGORUA. 93 
 
 ter owes to an aged father ? Tell me, I be 
 seech you, what it is that yon find amiss in 
 me, that you may see how anxious my hand 
 still is to minister to your comforts. When 
 you first came to this wilderness, you know 
 that I cheerfully followed your fortunes with 
 out casting one lingering look at the gay city 
 we were leaving, or shedding more than a 
 few transient tears at parting with all the 
 companions of my childhood. In this spirit 
 I came, and in this spirit I have lived here 
 ever since. If I have not been happy, I have 
 at least been content in the belief that my 
 post of duty was at your side wherever you 
 might go. But if I can no longer soothe 
 your cares, nor be permitted to lean on your 
 shoulder and weep on your bosom, then, in 
 deed, has the path of life become unto me a 
 desolate way, 
 
 Zangenberg. No, no, child! if I wished 
 ever so much to reproach you, I might seek 
 in vain for a cause. For though many daugh 
 ters have done virtuously thou hast excelled 
 them all. Yea, and amply, too amply it may 
 
94 TANGOKUA. 
 
 be, hast thou shared in the love which two 
 objects only could divide my Father who is 
 in heaven, and my child here below. Nay, 
 these two passions have been so blended into 
 one, that I have neither known nor cared to 
 distinguish between them. Woe is me, that 
 they have at last become arrayed against 
 each other! woe is me, that I should now be 
 called upon, either to suppress the yearning 
 of a father s heart towards his only child, or 
 to quench the Spirit from above that stirs 
 within my bosom ! 
 
 Miriam. O, my father ! these are dark and 
 fearful words; I dare not open my eyes to 
 see what dreadful monster lies hid under 
 their shadow. But let not my unworthy per 
 son obstruct your view of the better land to 
 wards which you have been so long journeying 
 You have almost reached it, and it is fit that 
 your thoughts and affections should dwell there 
 and not here. Your earthly ties will soon be 
 severed, and who can tell which of them will be 
 reunited above ! Often such ties are born of 
 accident or caprice ; sometimes they depend on 
 
TANGORUA. 95 
 
 sordid interests or unholy passions; they are 
 always soiled with the impurities of earth, 
 and they partake of the transient nature of all 
 earthly things. But there, above, the un 
 clouded spirit will see as it is seen with pure 
 and unerring eyes. No unworthy or uncon 
 genial relation will there be found ; no passion, 
 no prejudice, no delusion ; no infatuation; nor 
 the tyranny of habit; nor the reverence of 
 tradition ; nor any of those false lights which, 
 springing from an unwholesome soil, have al 
 lured the vision and misled the steps of so 
 many good men here on earth. Forget that 
 there is any such being as I living; forget 
 that you ever had a daughter ; and fear not 
 that any remembrance of her will hereafter 
 rise to trouble your thoughts in heaven. 
 
 Zangenberg. It was neither want of affec 
 tion in the parent, nor failure of duty in the 
 child, that led the patriarch of old to bind his 
 only son upon the altar. The voice of God 
 had commanded, and the duty of Abraham 
 was absolute obedience: nor did the victim 
 resist, even when he saw the knife raised to 
 
96 TANGORUA. 
 
 slay him. Jehovah still reigns ; and though 
 his voice is no longer heard by the ear, it 
 speaks not less audibly still through the emo 
 tions of the heart. O, that he might find a 
 like spirit in his professed followers in this 
 latter day, and in this remote wilderness ! 
 
 Miriam. I have no doubt loved life as well 
 as others, and like others have consoled my 
 self for the sadness of the present, with the 
 hope that the future hours would come troop 
 ing down, a joyous band. And yet I can say, 
 without fear before you, my father, and be 
 fore my Father who is in heaven, that I have 
 never yet preferred life before duty. If it were 
 not so, I would not now be here. But the 
 time for such conflicts is now passed forever. 
 In no sense now, can my death be called a 
 sacrifice life has become a burden that I 
 would fain get rid of. Show me ! 0, show 
 me ! how I may lawfully lay it down, and I 
 shall rejoice exceedingly, and be glad to find 
 the grave ! 
 
 Zangenberg. To die, can never be regarded 
 as a sacrifice, by any one who really believes 
 
TANGORUA. 97 
 
 in the promises ; but rather as a blessed deliv 
 erance from bondage. To die early, is to leap 
 at one bound over those obstacles which 
 others spend long and laborious years in sur 
 mounting ; it is to win the prize without the 
 tediousness of the race. It is to gain the vic 
 tory without the sweat and blood of the bat 
 tle. Just in proportion, therefore, as the Chris 
 tian s faith is strong, will be his readiness at 
 all times to welcome death as a friend, come 
 to conduct him to happier scenes. The trial 
 with him is not in dying, but in so living as 
 to prove himself worthy of his high calling. 
 To obey the summons which calls him from 
 earth, is always a joyful privilege; but to 
 subdue all passion and prejudices as born of 
 earth, and yet remain upon it this often be 
 comes a mournful duty. Yea, my daughter, 
 we must learn not only to endure, but to love 
 many things which our unsanctified natures 
 would turn away from with fear and disgust 
 
 and thus 
 
 Miriam. I will not be guilty of the affec 
 tation of pretending not to understand you 
 
93 TANGOKUA. 
 
 now ; nor can I wish you to bring into nearer 
 and clearer view, an apparition which makes 
 m j blood run cold, even when seen dimly and 
 afar off. And will you not also give me 
 time to try, at least, if I cannot forget the les 
 sons, which you have been all my life teach 
 ing me ? How the relation you refer to, is as 
 sacred as indissoluble ? How they -who enter 
 into it from policy and interest, instead of 
 affection, offend against the law alike of nature 
 and of God ? But is it not possible, O my 
 father, that your vision may be blinded by 
 some fatal illusion? Are you sure, indeed 
 that it is our duty to disregard distinctions 
 which nature herself has established, and 
 which all the impulses of our being call upon 
 us to respect ? Do not the suggestions of the 
 Evil One sometimes assume the disguise even 
 of a voice from heaven ? 
 
 Zangenberg The ways of God, my daugh 
 ter, are not as our ways, nor his thoughts as 
 our thoughts. He is over all. He will not 
 fail to aid those whom he selects as his hon 
 ored instruments, for the accomplishment of 
 
TANGOKUA. 99 
 
 his purposes in their efforts to rise above the 
 inherent weaknesses of humanity; but he 
 also requires them to obey, even where they 
 fail to comprehend. And fear not that I have 
 misinterpreted the indications of his provi 
 dence. I have long, alas! too long, resisted 
 his will. Like Gideon of old, I have again 
 and again desired that he would show me a 
 sign, that he talked with me. Nor were such 
 signs withheld; signs not less clear and cer 
 tain than the fire rising up out of the rock, or 
 the dew on the fleece. And now, the sounds 
 of commotion that reach us from all points 
 say plainly, that it is time to be up and doing. 
 The harvest is ripe for the sickle. Jehovah is 
 fast advancing to execute a great work among 
 this people. Woe be to all such as refuse to 
 aid in preparing his way, or presume to ob 
 struct it. They shall be as dry stubble be 
 fore a consuming fire. They shall be as chaff 
 scattered by a whirlwind. Yea, they shall be 
 ground to powder beneath his rushing cha 
 riot-wheels. 
 
 Miriam. Have pity on rne, father, and do 
 
100 T A N G O R U A. 
 
 not urge me for an answer now. Why, the 
 worst criminal is allowed some time to pre 
 pare himself, before he is led to execution. 
 Leave me now, leave me ! that I may com 
 mune a while with my own heart. 
 
 Zangenberg. Ay, this is the besetting sin 
 of all mankind ; to procrastinate, and allow 
 the hour of opportunity to pass unimproved. 
 But no ! it must not be so now with us. We 
 must haste to the bosom of the deep while 
 the tide is at the full, if we desire not to be 
 come stranded on the shore; for events, as 
 they flow, have their floods no less than- the 
 ocean tides; but, unlike them, when they 
 have once passed on their course, they know 
 no morrow. Make haste, then, for there is 
 no time to lose. I leave you now, but will 
 soon return to hear your answer. [Exit Zan- 
 (jenberg. ] 
 
 Miriam. Wretched, friendless, forlorn ! 
 whither can I turn for help or sympathy ? 
 If I look inward, and consult my own bosom, 
 T find there only a whirlpool of contending 
 emotions, to frighten me; but no peace, no 
 
TANGORUA. 101 
 
 hope, no promise of escape from the toils that 
 encompass me. And .fre ;who from.. my ear 
 liest recollections guarded m e as th e apple of 
 his eye, nourishing tarjt |8oiii^&3 J0ots, 
 words, and deeds of kindness, ever ready 
 to discover, and anxious to remove the slight 
 est shade that might chance to fall upon my 
 features, now he is cold and stern, and wit 
 nesses my sighs and tears unmoved. Whither 
 shall I turn for comfort ? To Him who has 
 said, "Come unto me, all ye that labor and 
 are heavy laden, and I will give you rest ?" 
 Alas! I dare not. He made himself lower 
 than the angels ; became a man of sorrows 
 and acquainted with grief; and died on the 
 bitter cross, for our advantage. Now his 
 commands are upon me, (so my father tells 
 me,) and my heart rebels against them. Let 
 me not look toward him, then, lest his angry 
 countenance blast me with more than tempo 
 ral death. But is it not possible that my 
 father is mistaken ? may it not be that the 
 age-frost which has already stamped so many 
 
 marks upon him whitening his head, and 
 9* 
 
102 T A N G O R U A. 
 
 furrowing his brow, and shriveling his limbs 
 may it, -not have begun at last to blight the 
 mind also / Or may not his long and wistful 
 conUKiplafeji of- *a: favorite subject, have led 
 him to mistake the phantoms of his own 
 imagination for heaven-sent messengers ? Oh, 
 sad conclusion ! Oh melancholy refuge ! Let 
 me rather say, that his long and steady gaze 
 towards heaven has enabled him at last to 
 penetrate the veil that separates the mortal 
 from immortality ; that at the near approach 
 of dissolution the free-born spirit has already 
 half escaped from its clay -built prison house. 
 Ah, Yernon! has thou, too, forsaken me? 
 His last words were a promise that I should 
 see him soon ; and never has he even sent me 
 one kind word of remembrance. Thus is my 
 desolation made complete. Darkness, loneli 
 ness, and despair, shall henceforth be my fa 
 miliar companions. Shall be ? Henceforth ? 
 Ay, while life continues. But is there no 
 remedy for the evil of living too long? 
 When the thread of life has become hope 
 lessly tangled, is it not allowable to shear it 
 
TANGO RITA. 103 
 
 off? May we not at least be passive, and 
 suffer these body-machines to run themselves 
 down for lack of nourishment? These are 
 fearful questions. Hitherto they have been 
 with me forbidden questions. Now they 
 come pressing for an answer, and I am puz 
 zled how to decide them. Let me entertain 
 them awhile, then, as friendly guests ; they 
 will at least serve to drive out the harpy- 
 thoughts which are now gnawing at my 
 heart-strings. [Enter Kazuka.~] Tell me, Ka- 
 zuka, what do you think of it? Is it our 
 duty to go on puffing and blowing upon our 
 windpipes, like a child blowing its whistle, 
 as long as we can muster breath enough ? or 
 may we, without sin, leave off when we are 
 tired of it ? 
 
 Kazuka. If my sister means to ask me 
 whether it is lawful for us to put an end to 
 our own lives, I answer, that such is not the 
 custom of my people. The Indian mother 
 teaches her children that the Great Spirit will 
 enable them to bear all their griefs without 
 complaining, and that he expects them to do 
 
104: TANGORUA. 
 
 so. It happens, accordingly, that the warrior 
 who has been captured by his enemies never 
 fails to sing his death-song triumphantly, in 
 spite of all the tortures they can inflict. If 
 he should attempt to escape these sufferings, 
 by taking his own life, all the tribes would 
 say he was a coward, and had run away from 
 the field of his greatest battle. 
 
 Mir am. (Still meditating?) "The Great Spirit 
 will enable them to bear 1" Why, this is the 
 very language of Christ himself: u My grace 
 is sufficient for you." "He will not suffer 
 you to be tempted above that you are able." 
 How did these savage heathen come by this 
 great promise ? No matter ! they have it ; 
 and their lives manifest an absolute trust in 
 it, which the Christian world may well blush 
 to hear of. But in whatever school they 
 may have learned this lesson, is it not likely 
 that the same Master taught them that oth^r 
 lesson, to run life s course to the end, be it 
 strewed ever so full of thorns ? Perhaps so. 
 And yet, what does all this amount to ? Only 
 to this: that such is the custom of the red 
 
TANGOKUA. 105 
 
 man. But the customs of different countries 
 are different. On this very subject a custom 
 directly opposite has prevailed, not only 
 among barbarians like these, but among the 
 most civilized nations of the earth. The 
 same death which is so ignominious in the 
 eyes of these rude Indians, was in the highest 
 degree honorable among the cultivated Eo- 
 mans. Not only the foremost nations, but 
 the foremost men of those nations, have held 
 such views. Demosthenes, Hannibal, Cato, 
 Brutus these names shine among the signal 
 lights of history ; yet these, and many others 
 like them, when their blows could avail 
 nothing more against the ills of life, turned 
 their weapons homeward, and smote them 
 selves. No inference can be drawn, there 
 fore, on this subject, from custom. Can you 
 tell me, Kazuka, why your people should 
 hold such opinions ? 
 
 Kazuka. I have heard the hunters say, 
 that no beast or bird ever allows itself to be 
 caught or killed if it can help it. But how 
 ever badly it may be wounded or mutilated ; 
 
106 TANGOKUA. 
 
 and however painful or wretched its life may 
 have become, it yet never fails to exert its 
 utmost strength to avoid the death-stroke. I 
 have found the same thing to be true of all 
 the creatures that move and crawl around us. 
 Miriam. [Still meditating. ] And thus does 
 all animated nature cry aloud against self- 
 destruction ! It seems, indeed, on a moment s 
 consideration, that this instinct in favor of 
 life, is necessary to prevent the extinguish 
 ment of all life ; either by the dangers which 
 threaten it on every hand, or through want of 
 exertion to sustain it. The love of life is the 
 main spring of all effort ; for neither man nor 
 beast would endure one moment s toil if he 
 were at all times as willing to die as to live. 
 Thus, it seems, that this great law is an essen 
 tial feature in God s system for the govern 
 ment of the world. Ay, but has man no 
 higher guide than this? Shall he follow 
 every impulse, and obey every tyrant passion 
 of his nature? Assuredly not. He is re 
 quired instead always to prune and sometimes 
 even to root out these innate propensities, 
 
TANGORUA. 107 
 
 which are the sole rule of action to the unrea 
 soning brute. Instinct bids us shun death 
 on all occasions ; reason commands us to face 
 it boldly to rush upon it, even, at the call 
 of duty ; and by common consent the wretch 
 who clings to life when honor and conscience 
 require him to yield it up, is, of all men, the 
 most despicable. Thus have I again reached 
 the same conclusion : nothing can be inferred 
 on this subject from the instinct in favor of 
 life, universal though it certainly is. Kazuka, 
 your answer was not amiss, but I am not yet 
 satisfied. What other reason can you give 
 me. 
 
 Kazuka. I was once very sick, and every 
 body said I would die ; but the next day I was 
 as well as ever. Often too have I lost things 
 which came back to me after I had given up 
 all hope of ever seeing them again. 
 
 Miriam. [Still meditating] Well, then, 
 what are the misfortunes of the hour, but 
 transient shadows cast by the clouds that 
 happen just now to be floating over our heads ? 
 A little patience and they will pass and let 
 
108 TANGORUA. 
 
 the sun-light through again. Add to this, 
 that no mortal can discern the true character 
 of passing events, which glide by as a masked 
 procession, and hence on reviewing our past 
 lives, how often do we find that forms which 
 we mistook for tormenting demons were in 
 truth angels of mercy, come to bless and to 
 save us ! And yet this view, also, ends in 
 darkness; for there are diseases which are 
 incurable ; there are losses which are irrepa 
 rable ; there are griefs which are inconsolable. 
 When the eyes are out there can be no more 
 seeing ; when the limbs are palsied, there can 
 be no more working ; when the heart is bro 
 ken the exulting pulse of hope can beat no 
 more for ever. What then ? Is it the suf 
 ferer s duty, nay, is it right for him to live on, 
 an idle drifting wreck ; an incumbrance to his 
 fellow man ; a consumer of stores which he 
 has not helped to garner ? Or shall he not 
 rather withdraw from a scene in which he 
 can act no useful part, and which he can not 
 help marring with his presence ? Have you 
 
T A N G R U A. 109 
 
 no better reasons, Kazuka, than these to 
 offer ? 
 
 Kazuka. None but such as I have learned 
 under your own teachings. I can not tell 
 exactly what it is, nor show just where it is, 
 but I am sure there is something on this sub 
 ject in the Bible. 
 
 Miriam. [Still meditating J] That were 
 more to the purpose than all the arguments 
 drawn from custom, from instinct or from in 
 terest. The solution of a question of duty 
 belongs, of right, to Him to whom all duty 
 is owing. What precepts then do the Scrip 
 tures furnish on this subject ? None. In 
 what place is its lawfulness treated of, or where 
 alluded to or hinted at ? nowhere ; and yet 
 Kazuka is right : there certainly is something 
 on this subject in the Bible. How then shall 
 we be able to search it out ? Hark ! I hear 
 a voice which speaks as never man spake, 
 saying, "Are not five sparrows sold for two 
 farthings, and not one of them is forgotten 
 before God. But even the very hairs of your 
 
 head are all numbered. Fear not, therefore : 
 10 
 
110 TANGOKUA. 
 
 ye are of more value than may sparows." No 
 danger then of being forgotten or neglected ! 
 No hope of being overlooked, for those who 
 would hide their deeds from view. One who 
 is ever present, whose power is almighty, 
 whose vigilance is sleepless, watches over and 
 guards, and guides, the humblest of his crea 
 tures. But hark again, another voice salutes 
 my ears : " Despise not the chastening of the 
 Lord, nor faint when thou art rebuked of him ; 
 For whom the lord loveth he chasteneth and 
 scourgeth every son whom he receiveth." If 
 it be true that this life is a mere probation, a 
 course of discipline, a school of instruction 
 for another and nobler life, why should 
 human suffering be thought a mystery? 
 Virtues never strike their roots deep in any 
 soil that is not fertilized with tears. It was 
 they who had come out of much tribulation 
 who were seen in the great vision arrayed in 
 white robes. And still another voice : " He 
 doth not afflict willingly nor grieve the chil 
 dren of men." No ! for it is an essential part 
 of his scheme of government. Vast are his 
 
TANGORUA. Ill 
 
 dominions, and innumerable the agents he 
 employs. Through the great he stimulates 
 ambition. Through the lowly he teaches 
 humility. Strength and swiftness develop 
 the energies of men ; weakness and infirmity 
 their patience and power of endurance. Pros 
 perity fills the world with gladness ; adversity 
 creates the brotherhood of sympathy. Of all 
 these workers in the common cause, Omnis 
 cience alone can tell who is performing the 
 most important and most honorable duties. 
 And surely it is but reasonable that the Su 
 preme Commander should claim the right of 
 marshalling this great army as he pleases ; of 
 sending forth each soldier or recalling him at 
 his discretion. But what of him who, when 
 the moment of crisis comes, and the service 
 which seemed so insignificant swells suddenly 
 into vast proportions, and the order is given 
 for him to march forward, what of him who 
 shall then be found to have deserted his post ? 
 Ay, what of him ! let me think of it, for such 
 even such, is the case of the suicide. Kazuka ! 
 I have had a frightful dream; the tempter 
 
112 TANGOEUA. 
 
 stood at my side, and the sweet face of heaven 
 frowned darkly upon me. But I am awake 
 again ; the evil one is fled ; and the sky has 
 cleared up. My cause is in His hands. Let 
 Him dispose of me as it pleaseth Him. 
 
 [Exeunt OmnesJ] 
 
TANGORUA. 113 
 
 SECTION V. 
 
 At Lancaster. A Boom in the Court House. Present, 
 the Lieutenant-Governor and part of his Council. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. I am sorry to see that the 
 council are not all present on this occasion. 
 This subject demands our gravest considera 
 tion. The effects of our conduct this morning 
 will reach far into the future. The question 
 is simply this : whether the white man or the 
 red man shall henceforth rule in this Province ; 
 for if these people find us ready to submit to 
 every capricious demand which they see fit 
 to urge, it will not be long, we may be sure, 
 till they assume the tone of masters. 
 
 1st Council-man. And yet we must remem 
 ber that these questions respecting their lands 
 are of a very peculiar and delicate nature. 
 The policy of our great Founder, that every 
 thing should be fairly purchased from the 
 Indians, has no doubt been substantially 
 pursued ; though there may have been some 
 10* 
 
114 TANGORUA. 
 
 unhappy departures from it. And since the 
 records are all in our possession, it seems but 
 reasonable, that they should have free access 
 to them, in order to satisfy any doubts that 
 may have arisen among them. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. I cannot see the propriety 
 or expediency of overhauling those old trans 
 actions. Whatever may have been their 
 character, they belong to a past generation. 
 They have long been acquiesced in, and no 
 good, but much evil may come from re-open 
 ing them. Besides, this man, Tangorua, is 
 clearly bent upon testing our firmness, and 
 ascertaining how much we can be made to 
 concede by arrogant demands. 
 
 2c? Council-man. I do not like the temper 
 he has shown, and yet, however wrong as a 
 general policy, concession may be the part of 
 wisdom here. The Indians are a decaying 
 people ; every year makes them weaker and 
 us stronger. If we but have a little patience 
 then, time will fight all our battles for us ; 
 and when they are gone, it were better our 
 records should show that we had treated them 
 
T A N G O R U A. 115 
 
 with even too much indulgence, than that we 
 had exterminated them by force. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. A very plausible excuse, 
 no doubt, for the omission of our present duty. 
 To shuffle off our burdens upon our successors, 
 may be agreeable enough, but is neither wise 
 nor manly. A proper trust in Providence is 
 becoming in all good Christians, but Provi 
 dence will not supply the omissions of our 
 imbecility. If we wish for safety, we must be 
 content to pay the price which alone in such 
 cases can buy it. 
 
 2d Council-man. I cannot help thinking 
 still, that, in dealing with a people possessing 
 so much of the ignorance and simplicity of 
 children the mild paternal policy would be 
 most becoming. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. I have no objection to 
 your paternal policy ; but how does a wise 
 parent deal with his children ? does he yield 
 to all their caprices, becoming the more in 
 dulgent as they become the more forward ? 
 Certainly not ; but rather by seasonable chas- 
 
116 TANGORUA. 
 
 tisements lie trains them to respect and 
 obedience. 
 
 2d Council-man. A wise statesmanship 
 always knows how to adapt itself to circum 
 stances, instead of adhering to certain inflexible 
 maxims, whether applicable to the case in 
 hand or not. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. A wise statesmanship ! 
 In what does it consist ? in the adoption of 
 temporary expedients which afford present 
 relief, but produce tenfold evils in the future ? 
 which help us up the steep place of to-day, 
 only to dash us down some fatal precipice 
 to-morrow ? No, sir ! No, sir ! but rather 
 in pursuing such a course as will at once 
 afford present relief and future security. In 
 the adoption of principles which are not only 
 useful for the present hour, but susceptible of 
 expansion and development, by those who 
 shall come after us. This is my idea of wise 
 statesmanship. For myself, I came here to 
 govern this Province ; and it is more agree 
 able, both to my office and my temper, to use 
 
TANGORUA. 117 
 
 the language of command than that of en 
 treaty. I am resolved therefore 
 
 [Enter another Council-man."] 
 
 Well, sir, I am glad to see you, though I 
 could have wished you had come a little 
 sooner. We have had need of your advice, 
 and I am sorry you have not observed your 
 usual punctuality this morning. 
 
 The other Council-man. I would gladly 
 submit in silence to your Honor s rebuke, if 
 I could thereby annul the unfortunate news 
 I bring. After I had left my lodgings an 
 hour ago to come here, I heard a rumor on 
 the street which led me to the other end of 
 town ; and there I learned that at the dead 
 hour of night, Tangorua and all his followers 
 had disappeared. A person who has just 
 come in from the west, states that at daylight 
 he saw them many miles distant making all 
 speed towards their homes. 
 
 1st Council-man. This is sad news, indeed ! 
 
 Several Council-men. Farewell now to the 
 peace which we have so long and so fondly 
 cherished. 
 
118 TANGOKUA. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. I cannot say, gentlemen, 
 that I much regret this news ; some such crisis 
 was inevitable, sooner or later. It is better, 
 perhaps, that it should come now, than here 
 after. A sharp but short conflict will set all 
 right, and we shall then stand upon a surer 
 footing than ever, and besides, such a contest 
 will serve to heal our internal dissensions. 
 The Assembly will learn that they have some 
 thing else to do than to wrangle with their 
 superiors. If allowed to proceed much farther 
 in their present course they will soon be em 
 boldened to set at defiance the authority, not 
 only of the Proprietaries and their represen 
 tatives, but of the King himself. Let us then 
 prepare for this emergency with alacrity and 
 firmness. The council is now adjourned to 
 meet next Monday at Philadelphia. 
 
 [Exeunt OmnesJ] 
 
TANGORUA. 119 
 
 SECTION VI. 
 
 At same place. Lynford standing at street corner. Ver- 
 non passing by. 
 
 Lynford. Halt there ! Why, Vernon, you 
 step along as if you were marching to the 
 drum and fife. But they have not begun to 
 play yet, except upon your imagination. 
 Wait a few days, however, and you will have 
 them in earnest. 
 
 Vernon. Is that you, Lynford ? Well, it 
 is but natural that your voice should scream 
 the louder as the storm draws nearer. It is 
 always so with birds of such a feather. 
 
 Lynford That I am not one of your cooing, 
 olive-bearing turtle doves, everybody knows ; 
 and perhaps it is owing to a certain sulphur 
 ous tang in the atmosphere that I feel an un 
 usual exhilaration of spirits this morning; 
 and yet, if we may judge from last night s 
 proceeding, these Indians are going to afford 
 us but poor sport after all. They got 
 
120 TANGORUA. 
 
 frightened, it seems, and ran away before a 
 single blunderbuss had even been loaded. 
 
 Vernon. Ay, but they had heard the rat 
 tling of a more pernicious weapon an un 
 ruly tongue. 
 
 Lynford. Call you the Governor s tongue 
 an unruly tongue ? No sir, no sir ! It is a 
 tongue that is ruled, and knows how to rule 
 others. A tongue that drops words of in 
 struction as clear and as sound as the coin 
 that is stricken from a die. A tongue that 
 beats out commands as weighty as blooms 
 from a forge. A tongue that is worth all the 
 tongues of your many-tongued Assembly. A 
 tongue that will, one of these days, with a 
 single wag, put an end to all your babblings. 
 A tongue 
 
 Vernon. Spare me, my good fellow, spare 
 me ! When you get upon the merits of this 
 Governor, your tongue is apt to be endless ; 
 because the subject itself is boundless, I sup 
 pose. But let him alone, for the present, to 
 the world s silent admiration. 
 
 Lynford. Yery well ; his deeds shall not 
 
TANGQKUA. 121 
 
 fail to praise him. But what do you think 
 of this Indian chief, now that you have seen 
 him ? Tangorua, the civilized savage ; the 
 Christian heathen; the red-white man; the 
 peaceful warrior; the runaway brave; the 
 friendly enemy ; the hated lover ; the rival 
 of the unrivalled. 
 
 Vernon. As your epithets seem to neu 
 tralize each other, I suppose they should go 
 for nothing. But what do you mean by the 
 last phrase the rival of the unrivalled ? 
 
 Lynford. Yernon, I know you to be a man 
 of moderation and discretion, and I have 
 great confidence in your friendship for me 
 personally; but every man has his weak 
 nesses, and there are some points upon which 
 all men are weak. I should like, therefore, 
 before I explain myself further, to have some 
 guarantee against a breach of the peace. 
 
 Vernon. Nonsense! Why, sir, I have a 
 
 parrot at home that mocks me all day long ; 
 
 and, really, I had as soon think of getting 
 
 angry and wringing its neck, as of lifting my 
 
 11 
 
122 TANGORUA. 
 
 hand against Lynford for anything lie may 
 choose to say. 
 
 Lynford. A parrot, hey! Truly, you 
 make flattering comparisons. But, never 
 mind. I shall send a dart through your 
 liver yet, before my story is ended. Have 
 you heard anything from the old Missionary 
 or his daughter, lately ? 
 
 Vernon. I have not ; all my plans for 
 communicating with them have been strangely 
 defeated, by some unknown agency. What 
 do you know of them ? 
 
 Lynford. That which I should have been 
 afraid to tell you ten minutes ago; but a 
 parrot, I suppose, may, with safety, repeat 
 anything it has heard. Zangenberg, you 
 know, is a hot-brained enthusiast. 
 
 Vernon. I know him well ; and of all men 
 living I reverence him the most. What if he be 
 an enthusiast ? Enthusiasm is the quickening 
 principle of the universe. It is that which 
 makes all the difference among men, between 
 the real integers of society and the contempti 
 ble fractions or worthless cyphers ; between a 
 
TANG OKU A. 123 
 
 Lynford or a Yernon, in short, and a Zan- 
 genberg. And his enthusiasm is as pure as 
 it is fervent ; it is a spark of that celestial 
 fire which glowed in the bosoms of the chosen 
 twelve, when they were sent out into all the 
 world to preach the gospel to every creature ; 
 a heaven-born zeal, which lifts his steps far 
 above the mire of earth, and makes his feet 
 beautiful upon the mountains, as those of him 
 that bringeth glad tidings. So completely 
 does this spirit possess him, that the common 
 ties of interest and of sentiment, of kindred 
 and of country, have become to him as flax 
 that is burned with fire. He cares nothing 
 for all the rewards and punishments which 
 this world can dispense, nor among what 
 people his life is passed, nor in what earth 
 his bones may be buried, if only he can 
 speed the work of his Divine Master. 
 
 Lynford. Strange that the same subject 
 should bear such different faces to two men 
 of sense like you and me, Vernon. You 
 have spoken your opinion of Zangenberg, 
 sincerely, I am sure. Let me now speak 
 
124 TANGORUA. 
 
 mine. He is a man, as it seems to me, who 
 has caught from the skies a ray of pure 
 moonshine, which, being reflected from the 
 cavity of his brain, leads his steps like a will- 
 o-the-wisp, into all kinds of impracticable 
 places. Having once seen a meteor shooting 
 through the air, he was reminded of the star 
 seen by the wise men of the east, and hence 
 his voyage to this western world. He can at 
 any time interpret the carol of a bird into a 
 revelation or a prophecy of great events. 
 He cares nothing whether his beard is shorn 
 or unshorn ; whether his feet are encased in 
 civilized boots or Indian moccasins ; whether 
 his coat is made of manufactured cloth or of 
 unsophisticated deer-skin, if only he can suc 
 ceed in shaping the policy and ruling the des 
 tinies of this little hemisphere. In short, sir, 
 if you must compare him with some name 
 recorded in Holy Writ, his only prototype is 
 Jepthah. 
 
 Vernon. Why do you compare him with 
 Jepthah ? 
 
 Lynford. Because Jepthah also had a 
 
TANGORUA. 125 
 
 daughter, his only child well-beloved, who 
 yet was sacrificed to a mere freak of enthu 
 siasm. Zangenberg is about to perform a 
 similar exploit, unless you make haste to pre 
 vent it. In the affections of the daughter ? 
 Yernon is unrivalled, but in the policy of the 
 father he is not only rivalled but far out- 
 rivalled by Tangorua. And this rival presses 
 his suit with great ardor. By-the-bye, I just 
 think of it, his sudden disappearance last night 
 was very likely owing to the impatience of the 
 absent lover. 
 
 Vernon. Beware, sir ! your levity may pre 
 sume too far on my forbearance. 
 
 Lynford. What! have I touched you in 
 the quick so soon? Then I am satisfied, and 
 can pardon your disparaging comparison. 
 Let me pursue my story in grave and de 
 corous words. Zangenberg has discovered, 
 by his sage meditations, that the Indian 
 nature, physical as well as spiritual, needs 
 purifying; and so he has magnanimously 
 resolved to throw his daughter as a disinfect 
 ing agent into the savage cauldron. All her 
 11* 
 
126 TANGOKUA. 
 
 tears and prayers have served to win only a 
 few days delay, and unless her call upon your 
 name is promptly answered, she will soon be 
 consigned to an abhorred fate, the very re 
 verse of what learned commentators tell us 
 was the fate of Jepthah s daughter. Now, sir, 
 if you undertake this adventure for the de 
 liverance of a distressed damsel, you may 
 count upon me as one of your faithful fol 
 lowers. I leave you, not doubting that I 
 shall soon receive your summons. 
 
 [Exit] 
 
 Vernon. (Alone.) What a provoking bab 
 bler Lynford is ! and yet I know few men of 
 stronger or sharper judgment. Yerily the 
 difference between men lies not so much in 
 their way of thinking as in their way of talk 
 ing. Two brains of equal size may ferment 
 alike with thought. The one strains out all 
 impurities, and suffers only a small rill of 
 clarified ideas to flow from the mouth; the 
 other pours out froth, scum, sediment, and 
 all in one promiscuous stream. The one is 
 ranked among philosophers, in the catalogue 
 
TANGOKUA. 127 
 
 of men, the other among fools. What Lyn- 
 ford s tongue so lightly tells, conveys, with 
 out doubt, the heavy burden of a true report. 
 Something of the kind I had heard before, 
 but dreamed not that the shuttles of hell were 
 flying at this rate. No matter ; I shall soon 
 find means to break this net, though of the 
 devil s weaving, and deliver the bird it is 
 spread for. 
 
 [Exit.] 
 
PART THIRD. 
 
 SECTION I. 
 
 At Philadelphia. A room in the Court House. 
 Present, the Lieut.-Governor and his Council. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. You have no doubt heard 
 through, rumor, gentlemen, the sad news from 
 the frontier. Fresh accounts are continually 
 arriving, each more distressing and alarming 
 than its predecessor. The out-posts have all 
 been driven in, and the danger is fast ap 
 proaching this city itself. Here is one of the 
 many letters which I have received from re 
 liable sources since our last meeting. \_Reads^\ 
 " I write in the midst of alarm and confusion, 
 and (your Honor must excuse me for adding) 
 of universal indignation against the govern 
 ment. The storm that has burst upon us so 
 furiously was long foreseen ; it was predicted 
 again and again ; the means of shelter were 
 pointed out and the government implored to 
 
130 TANGOIIUA. 
 
 furnish them. But in return we received 
 nothing but accounts of contentions between 
 the governor and assembly, respecting the 
 dignity of the one and the privileges of the 
 other. Whilst those from whom we have a 
 right to expect protection are thus disputing 
 among themselves, we see our property de 
 stroyed, our homes reduced to ashes, our 
 wives and children butchered and horribly 
 mutilated, or carried into captivity worse than 
 death. I will not shock your Honor by de 
 tailing the cruelties I have witnessed. Mer 
 cenary soldiers, banditti, pirates, are prover 
 bially cruel. But they are men, and their 
 passions may be appeased or satiated. These 
 are fiends, broke loose from hell, with fire 
 unquenchable raging in their bosoms. All 
 the chief settlements of the border have been 
 abandoned or exterminated Shemokin, Mo- 
 hontongo, Tuscarora, Connococheague, Pax- 
 ton, the Great Cove, and many others. But as 
 yet we have felt only the forewarning blast 
 of the hurricane. Keliable information has 
 reached us, that our diabolical enemies, French 
 
TANGOKUA. . 131 
 
 and Indians to the number of fifteen hundred 
 are now assembled at Shemokin, and prepar 
 ing to march eastward ; how far such a force 
 may advance into a province which has no 
 organized force to oppose it, your Honor can 
 judge. We have neither arms nor ammuni 
 tion here suitable to defend ourselves even 
 against their straggling bands ; and yet it seems 
 that our wise men at Philadelphia are still 
 busy with their old disputes, although every 
 hour s delay makes it more likely that there 
 will soon be nothing left to dispute about. In 
 the name of the brave men who bought these 
 lands and settled them on the faith of promises 
 that they should be protected in the enjoy 
 ment of them ; in the name of their now home 
 less wives and children, of humanity and of 
 justice ; for the safety of the province ; for the 
 interest of the proprietaries, and for the honor 
 of our sovereign, we implore your Honor to 
 devise some means that shall at once put 
 an end to these domestic broils, and enable 
 the government to put forth all its strength 
 
132 TANGORUA. 
 
 to save us and it from the impending de 
 struction." 
 
 [Enter a MessengerJ] 
 
 Messenger. I have come direct from Car 
 lisle. The town is overflowing with people, 
 who have poured in from the more advanced 
 settlements. They have sent me here to re 
 present their condition, and to bring back 
 such immediate assistance as I can procure. 
 The case of hundreds is included in one sad 
 story, and that is my own. Five days ago I 
 was at work in my field, in the Great Cove. 
 My neighbors throughout the settlement were 
 similarly employed. We had gathered in our 
 fall crops, and were preparing the ground to 
 receive the seed of the next year s harvest ; 
 nothing but peace had ever been known in our 
 valley, and the mountains that encircled it shut 
 out all thought of danger. We had always 
 lived on friendly terms with the Indians, and 
 as little expected harm from them as from 
 an earthquake. Towards evening on the day 
 I have mentioned, my attention was suddenly 
 drawn towards a number of people flying 
 
TANGORUA. 133 
 
 along a neighboring road towards the hills. 
 Turning then in the direction of my own 
 dwelling, I saw that which caused me to 
 hasten home at the top of my speed. But all 
 was over. I came only in time to find some 
 mutilated corpses of women and children 
 which I could not recognize. My house and 
 barn were heaps of smoking ruins. Horses, 
 cattle, every living thing, had been slain and 
 every article of value consumed or broken. 
 These demons, it would seem, care not so 
 much to ravage, as to destroy ; and not con 
 tent with murdering, they never fail to mangle. 
 There being nothing to detain me here, I 
 joined the throng that was now flying from all 
 directions towards the nearest mountain. 
 When we had reached its summit, we looked 
 back and saw the whole settlement involved 
 in a common ruin. The valley was studded 
 throughout with columns of smoke; and 
 every now and then a wild shriek would 
 reach our ears from some dwelling which the 
 tomahawk had just entered. We hastened 
 
 on to Carlisle and there learned that like dis- 
 12 
 
134 T A N G O R U A. 
 
 asters had fallen upon all the border. I need 
 not say that I am in haste to return ; and I 
 trust I shall not be sent back alone nor empty 
 handed. 
 
 [A friendly Indian is here announced and 
 admitted^] 
 
 Friendly Indian. I am a Nanticoke, and I 
 speak for the Indians that live on the Sus- 
 quehanna. We love our English brethren, 
 and still wish to act under their advice, as we 
 have always done since our great Father, 
 William Penn, landed on our shores. But 
 when the storm is in the sky, the eagle loves 
 to sail on the troubled air ; and when war is 
 in the land, the Indian s heart palpitates for 
 the battle. We can restrain our young men 
 no longer. They know no dance* but the 
 war-dance ; no song but the war-whoop. 
 They are like hounds when the deer is in 
 sight ; we cannot hold them from the chase. 
 But our wise men cannot let them strike your 
 enemies unless you help them. We are as 
 the elk, living in small and scattered herds. 
 They are as the squirrels in the tree-tops; the 
 
TANGORUA. 135 
 
 woods are everywhere full of them. The 
 Delawares, the Shawanese, the Minnisinks, 
 
 the Tweightwees, , many tribes 
 
 from beyond the Ohio, all the tribes west and 
 south except the Six Nations, are against you, 
 led on by the French, and resolved that no 
 Englishman shall be left alive in the country. 
 And yet you are doing nothing. I come to 
 know whether you will fight or not. If you 
 will give us arms and join us like men, we 
 can soon drive them beyond the Alleghanies. 
 But if you will not help yourselves, and intend 
 quietly to bow your heads to the scalping 
 knife, we must seek other connections. We 
 cannot contend alone against such numerous 
 enemies ; nor will we allow our young men 
 to shed their blood in the defence of cowards ; 
 to-morrow I will expect your answer, that I 
 may carry it back to my people. 
 
 [Exit.] 
 
 [Enter another Messenger^ 
 
 Second Messenger. Here is a circular that 
 has been distributed throughout the border 
 and has met with general approbation. I 
 
136 TANGORUA. 
 
 have brouglit it that the governor may see 
 the temper of the people. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. Hand it to the Secretary, 
 and let him read it. 
 
 Secretary. (Reads) Men of the Frontier ! 
 whilst murder in its most cruel form is enter 
 ing the doors of many of your neighbors, and 
 hovering around all your dwellings, listen to 
 our words 1 A ruthless foe assails us with 
 overwhelming numbers ; an imbecile Govern 
 ment sends us not even a promise of assistance. 
 The savage yells from the wilderness are 
 echoed back from the Capitol in wranglings 
 about dignity and precedence. Perhaps our 
 Philadelphia brethren look upon the border 
 settlements as a breakwater, upon which the 
 storm will spend its fury, leaving their harbor 
 undisturbed. Perhaps they console them 
 selves with the expectation that our blood, 
 and the blood of our wives and children, will 
 slake the thirst of the enemy, and stay his 
 progress. But shall we submit to be thus 
 used, with all who are most dear to us, as 
 more barricades, behind which the selfish, the 
 
TAN GO KU A. 137 
 
 indolent and the cowardly may hide them 
 selves in safety ? Every consideration that is 
 sacred among men forbids it. Be ready then 
 for the only alternative. We have made a 
 last appeal for help ; if it be not immediately 
 sent, let us march to Philadelphia with arms 
 in our hands, and quarter ourselves and our 
 families upon its inhabitants. If battles 
 are to be fought we shall be stronger there 
 than here ; if extermination is to be our doom, 
 let it fall upon the whole province alike. We 
 are, in great affliction, your 
 
 FELLOW SUFFERERS. 
 
 1st Council-man. These are indeed strange 
 tales for this Province. Where is now the 
 spirit of Wm. Penn? Alas ! when he ascended 
 there was no Elisha to take up the mantle he 
 let fall. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. You are greatly mistaken, 
 sir. More than half the members of our 
 present Assembly are wearing the identical 
 garment at this moment. At least they think 
 
 so. They adhere literally to the same maxi ms, 
 12* 
 
138 TANGOKUA. 
 
 under circumstances altogether different ; and 
 hence come all our troubles. Add to this the 
 spirit of insubordination, which has long been 
 fermenting in our midst, and it was apparent 
 that an early explosion in some direction was 
 inevitable. Why should we then waste regrets 
 on these occurrences, when a lasting benefit 
 may be drawn from them ? The Assembly 
 have long treated our instructions and advice 
 with contempt ; they have also turned a deaf 
 ear to the prayers of the border settlements ; 
 but now that their own peace and safety are 
 threatened, we shall find (unless my know 
 ledge of human nature prove greatly at fault,) 
 that their insolence will give place to a cor 
 responding degree of servility. Let us then 
 make use of the opportunity to quell this rising 
 spirit of independence, and to teach both As 
 sembly and people a proper respect for the 
 masters appointed by heaven to rule over 
 them. 
 
 2d Council-man. Would that all our 
 governors had shown a temper like this! 
 Authority had not then been trampled under 
 
TANQORUA. 159 
 
 foot. But no matter, your Honor will soon 
 bring these champions of rebellion to your 
 feet as suitors. 
 
 1st Council-man. I am not so sure of that, 
 these non-resisting Quakers are a very pecu 
 liar people. With all their meekness they 
 refuse to extend to their superiors the com 
 monest courtesies of life, and with all their 
 love of peace, they are obstinately tenacious 
 of their purposes. When you have seen a 
 single one of them take off his hat in the 
 presence even of a king, it will be time 
 enough to indulge the expectation of seeing 
 them bend their knees before a governor. 
 But we shall see, we shall see. 
 
 [Exeunt.] 
 
140 TANGORUA. 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 At same place. A room in Lynford s house. Present 
 Lynford and several companions, Rumlbrd, Piper, 
 Gaines, &c. 
 
 Rumford. Why Lynford, this is the same 
 wine am sure of it that I drank some time 
 ago at the governor s, when I had the honor 
 of dining with him. I knew that you were 
 in high favor with his Honor, but was not 
 aware that you had also won the heart of his 
 butler. 
 
 Piper. Upon my word I was just going to 
 make the same remark about these cigars. 
 They are a prime article, and made expressly 
 for the lips of gentlemen of quality like the 
 governor and ourselves ; none of your rank 
 Virginia weeds but their flavor is aromatic, 
 such as belongs only to plants which grow 
 in the tropics. Observe the smoke of them; 
 not dusky wreaths gathering into sable 
 
TANGOKUA. 141 
 
 clouds as they rise, but light and graceful 
 columns white as Parian marble swelling 
 and tapering like Grecian shafts crowned 
 with the volute and the acanthus. 
 
 Games. You are a lucky dog, Lynford. 
 Not only have you the run of the palace 
 larder, but it is currently reported that you 
 keep a toll-gate on the lane along which all 
 suitors for executive favors are obliged to 
 pass, and levy what contributions you please. 
 
 Lynford. Is this what they say of me? 
 "Well, then, I will act the patron towards my 
 friends, and on this occasion without a fee. 
 Choose what you will have. Name the office 
 or dignity you desire. You will find Lynford 
 no niggard in his gifts. 
 
 Eumford. Let us first have a bill of the 
 fare. What have you got to offer us ? 
 
 Lynford. Let me see ! Well, how would 
 you like to go out as ambassador extraordi 
 nary to settle these Indian disputes. It is an 
 office of great danger, and therefore of much 
 dignity. Indians, when at war, care but little 
 for white flags. It will be an even chance,- 
 
142 T A N G li U A. 
 
 therefore, whether you save our scalps or 
 lose your own. Great glory will be yours in 
 either event. 
 
 Rumford. That office would not suit me. 
 I am content with my own hair at present. 
 If ever I grow bald and need a wig, I will 
 think of your offer. 
 
 Lynford. No, no! that will be too late; 
 for of all heads, an Indian most despises that 
 on which the scalp -lock is wanting. It is not 
 worth wasting an arrow upon ; for the scalp 
 is, according to Indian law, the only legal 
 voucher of a victory. Perhaps you would 
 like to be appointed surveyor to run the 
 lines of the new purchases. Have you a taste 
 for wading through swamps? You will find 
 plenty of them. Can you sleep soundly under 
 a tree while the wild beasts are holding a con 
 cert around you, and fiery eyes are. glaring 
 at you from every thicket ? You can have 
 such entertainments every night. Are you 
 fond of treacling on rattle-snakes? You will 
 find the paths full of them. Do you love to 
 hear the whizzing of tomahawks thrown at 
 
TANGOPvUA. 143 
 
 your head from ambushments ? Such martial 
 strains will not be wanting to enliven your 
 march. 
 
 Rumford. Worse and worse. Let us hear 
 another specimen. These may be excellent 
 ways to get rid of life, but I want something 
 that will enable me to keep it and enjoy it. 
 
 Lynford. Ah, yes ! I understand ; some 
 thing that involves neither wounds nor 
 bloodshed. Arm yourself then with reams 
 of foolscap, bottles of ink, and wings of goose- 
 quills. You must be able to keep cool when 
 the house is on fire ; to wait long and pa 
 tiently when your blood is boiling for action; 
 to smile complacently when you are bursting 
 with anger. You must learn to swallow and 
 digest taunts and insults, because they wear 
 the garb of humility or respect; to receive 
 orders when you are sent to deliver com 
 mands; in short, to be governed by those 
 you are appointed to rule over; for I am 
 going to make you aid-de-camp to the go 
 vernor in the war he is now waging with the 
 Broad-brims. 
 
14:4 TANGORUA. 
 
 Rumford. This is the worst of all. Better 
 die by the edge of a tomahawk, by the claws 
 of a panther, by the fangs of a rattle- snake, 
 than fret one s life out in a service like this. 
 But, Lynford, tell us about these disputes. 
 We outsiders see the parties only when 
 dressed for the stage, and only hear them 
 playing their parts. You have access behind 
 the scene, and see them in dishabille, and 
 hear their conversation "aside;" you can 
 therefore judge of the motives that govern 
 them and of. the ends they aim at. 
 
 Lynford. A few plain words will put you 
 in possession of the whole case. The Qua 
 kers, as all the world know, are opposed to 
 war in any shape. Their maxim is, that love 
 is always an overmatch for hate; that in 
 national affairs, as well as in personal, a 
 soft answer turneth away wrath. Upon these 
 principles this province was founded, and 
 they have hitherto been strictly applied in 
 the conduct of its affairs; for the majority 
 of the assembly has always consisted of 
 Quakers. They will listen to no arguments 
 
TANGOKUA. 145 
 
 on the subject from any human source, be 
 cause they believe that their principles are 
 derived immediately from the Divine wis 
 dom. This province has, therefore, presented 
 the singular spectacle of a state surrounded 
 by warlike savages, and yet provided with 
 neither a standing army, nor a militia, nor 
 with fortifications, nor ammunition, nor arms. 
 
 Rumford. And, let me add, the still more 
 singular spectacle of a state at perfect peace, 
 while all the neighboring states have been 
 engaged in costly and bloody wars. 
 
 Lynford. Gentlemen, you know that I fight 
 under the governor s flag as a true soldier ; 
 but then the truth of history must not be 
 denied, even though it should justify the im- 
 becil conduct of the Quakers. When Brad- 
 dock was sent against the French on the Ohio, 
 they gave no encouragement thsy could help, 
 to the expedition. It was enough for them 
 to know that it was proposed to wage war 
 within the limits of Pennsylvania, whose soil 
 was thus far unstained with blood. They 
 believed that nothing but evil could come of 
 
146 T A N G R U A. 
 
 it. Well, Braddock marched on, and was 
 defeated. His own death and that of so many 
 of his officers and men, and the entire disper 
 sion of his army, produced the same effect on 
 the Indians that a change of fortune is apt to 
 produce on people the most civilized. They 
 believed that the English power was destroyed, 
 and that the French hereafter would be mas 
 ters of the country. Nearly all the tribes 
 have accordingly gone over to the French. 
 Some of the more scheming chiefs, no doubt, 
 also thought it a favorable moment for the 
 execution of a grand project, which they have 
 long been meditating. Let iis help the French 
 to drive out the English, they said, and then 
 with all our force let us fall upon the French, 
 and the whole continent will again be ours. 
 And so it came to pass that on the eighteenth 
 day of last month, (October, 1755,) the first 
 hostile incursion ever made by Indians, upon 
 this province, fell like a storm of fire upon the 
 frontier settlements.(3) It must, in fairness, 
 be admitted that these evils have come upon 
 
TANGORUA. 147 
 
 us, only since the Quaker policy was aban 
 doned. 
 
 Rumford. But the evil now exists. It is 
 no longer a question of going to war, but of 
 rescuing women and children from the clutches 
 of ravenous beasts. Still the Quakers refuse 
 to vote supplies. 
 
 Lynford. This brings me to the other point 
 of my explanation. There have been disputes 
 between the proprietaries and the assemblies 
 almost from the beginning. They arose in 
 the time of William Penn, and have been 
 increasing in number and virulence ever 
 since. Several of these moot-points were at 
 issue, when these Indian troubles began ; and 
 the governor and the assembly seem each to 
 have resolved at the same time to use the 
 emergency as a means of extorting submission 
 from the other. The governor believes that 
 the assembly will yield, rather than see their 
 fellow-citizens exterminated, and the assembly 
 feels sure that the governor will give way 
 when he finds there is no other means of 
 saving the province from ruin. In the mean 
 
T A N G O 11 U A. 
 
 time it is a rare spectacle to witness, the 
 people are undergoing a dreadful flagellation, 
 and these contending parties are trying which 
 can hold out longest against .their cries for 
 help. The probability seems to be that they 
 will soon have neither anything left to con 
 tend for, nor a country to contend in. 
 
 Rumford. Meanwhile we make but a sorry 
 figure in the eyes of our Indian allies, the 
 few that are left us. There is a chief now in 
 town from the Susquehanna, who appeared 
 the other day before the governor, and de 
 manded why his white brother did not send 
 out his young men with their rifles and put 
 the hatchet into the hands of the friendly 
 Indians, so that they might all strike the 
 French together. When the governor ex 
 plained to him that he had no money, that 
 the assembly held the purse-strings and refused 
 to unloose them ; he expressed the utmost con 
 tempt for such a government. "Do they not 
 know," he exclaimed, " that they are sleeping 
 over a den of serpents, which are already fast 
 crawling into their bosoms." Then he added. 
 
T A N G R U A. 149 
 
 " Will nothing rouse them from their stupor ? 
 Not the warning sent by their faithful In 
 dians? nor the cries of distress from their 
 own people? nor the commands of their 
 governor ? One sound more they shall hear, 
 and that shall be the last : it will be the noise 
 of the tomahawk upon their own heads." 
 Then observing that the governor looked sad 
 and perplexed, he began to cheer him. " Let 
 not my brother be cast down or discouraged," 
 he said, " I will stand by you, and support you 
 with my advice and my influence. I know 
 what it is to have a divided council, when the 
 enemy is at hand, to extinguish the council- 
 fire itself before our eyes. Be cool, be wise, 
 be wary, and we shall yet show them that 
 two active brains are worth more than a 
 whole lodge full of babbling tongues. 
 
 Gains. To-morrow, I understand, the as 
 sembly are to meet the governor for consul 
 tation. When he gets them into his presence 
 he will, no doubt, soon reduce them to sub 
 mission if not to reason. 
 
 Lynford. I wish I could think so ; but the 
 
 character of the leaders in that body gives 
 13* 
 
150 TANGORUA. 
 
 but little promise of such a result. One of 
 them is Vernon ; and this whole continent 
 contains few cooler, subtler, busier intellects. 
 No cloud of adversity, however dark ; no 
 mountain of difficulty, however huge, can 
 obstruct his clear gaze into the future. So 
 absolute is his honesty, that although I can 
 not say the Tempter never dared even to ap 
 proach him, I will venture to affirm that 
 whenever he did, he received a rebuff that 
 sent him away howling. For his courage, it 
 is about as likely to yield to any storm that 
 may assail it, as one of the thousand-year oaks 
 of our forests. Wholly without reverence for 
 governor, or proprietary or king, he yet bows 
 humbly before what he calls the majesty of 
 the people. As regards the mother country, 
 he talks like a rebel ; as to forms of govern 
 ment, he avows Ijimself a republican. 
 
 Rumford. Whatever else may be said of 
 your portraits, Lynford, they are, at least, not 
 painted in water colors; nothing short, it 
 seems, of crimson and vermillion will serve 
 your purpose. But let us have a glance at 
 some more of these heroes. 
 
TANG OKU A. 151 
 
 Lynford. Well, as Yernon represents the 
 republican element, so Callender shall stand 
 for Quakerism. It impregnates his inmost 
 marrow ; it is stamped upon his outward form ; 
 it is illustrated by his daily conduct. With 
 him the inward light is a more trusted guide, 
 than all the outward senses ; and the faintest 
 whisper of the still small voice is of more 
 authority than the most imperious commands 
 of earthly potentates. Forms and ceremonies 
 he spurns as degrading vanities ; and adheres 
 to his broad-brim and his shad-belly amid 
 changing fashions, as complacently as nature 
 does to her eternal wardrobe. Taught from 
 earliest childhood to control his passions, 
 whatever fires may rage within his bosom it 
 is a volcano that knows no eruption. Delibe 
 rate in his speech, truth flows from his lips 
 serene and unalloyed as the waters of a moun 
 tain spring. Acknowledging man as man, 
 whatever his condition, he addresses king and 
 beggar in the same plain language, which 
 contains many words of reproof, but none of 
 flattery. Kejecting all force even in self-de- 
 
152 TANGORUA. 
 
 fence, lie is ever ready to assert his smallest 
 right in the face of persecution ; and never 
 denies his faith, nor hesitates to obey God 
 rather than man. 
 
 Rumford. Almost thou persuadest me to 
 be a Quaker, Lynford ; but then your excellent 
 wine pleads as strongly against it. If ever 
 the time comes when good liquor runs short 
 or is prohibited among men, I shall take the 
 matter into serious consideration. By the 
 bye, is it not cTdd that our moral and religious 
 teachers have never thought of attacking old 
 Beelzebub in this quarter, and thus spiking 
 his heaviest guns, guns which have battered 
 breaches in many a citadel of virtue otherwise 
 impregnable. Do they not know that a bottle 
 of wine is more than a match for an ordinary 
 sermon ? and that a quarter cask of brandy 
 will at any time drown out a moral treatise in 
 octavo. Ilere s to the spread of Quakerism, 
 then, and of Temperance ; if, indeed, they are 
 not one and the same thing. [Drinks.] 
 
TANGOKUA. 
 
 SECTION III. 
 
 At the Court-house in Philadelphia. Present, the 
 Lieut.-Governor and his Council. 
 
 1st. Councilman. What comforting news 
 have you for us this morning, Mr Secretary; 
 or what new calamities have been reported 
 since our last meeting? 
 
 Secretary. I have nothing, sir, but another 
 long message from the assembly, in which they 
 re-argue all the questions in dispute, and insist 
 upon their former claims more decidedly than 
 ever. If it is the pleasure of the council I 
 will read it. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. Not now ; not now. "We 
 have had enough of these windy messages. 
 The obstinacy and impudence of these men will 
 know no bounds so long as they are allowed 
 to proceed at their leisure, and apart. I am 
 resolved to try a new method. Go to the 
 House, Mr. Secretary, and inform the assern- 
 
154 T A N G O R U A. 
 
 bly, that we require their immediate attend 
 ance here in the council chamber. [Exit 
 Secretary] In our presence they will find it 
 necessary to speak briefly and to the point ; 
 and shame itself will compel them to give 
 up what they cannot defend. 
 
 1st. Council-man. I hope it may prove so ; 
 but I fear your Honor will find, that their 
 tongues are as oily as their pens are nimble ; 
 and that they are quite as fond of making 
 long speeches as of writing voluminous mes 
 sages. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. Never fear; leave that to 
 me. I shall know how to manage them. 
 Have but a little patience, and you will soon 
 see these long disputes brought to a summary 
 conclusion. \_A pause. ] 
 
 [Enter the Speaker of the House followed ~by 
 the members. ] 
 
 Mr. Speaker, and gentlemen of the assem 
 bly, I have sent for you that we may confer 
 together amicably, and arrive at a speedy 
 settlement of our differences. Let us finish 
 the argument, if anything remains to be 
 
TANGORUA. 155 
 
 said ; and form our conclusions ; and proceed 
 immediately to action. To indulge in many 
 words in an emergency like this is worse 
 than folly ; it is wickedness. Already a large 
 part of the province is laid waste, and the 
 danger now approaches our own doors. In 
 formation has just reached us, that several 
 thousand citizens in the County of Chester, and 
 a large number in Berks, are mustering under 
 arms, with the intention of marching here to 
 compel the government to come to an agree 
 ment, and provide forthwith for the public 
 defence. Much /as so irregular a proceeding 
 must be deplored, we hardly dare blame it. 
 For my own part, I have gone to the full 
 extent of my powers and even beyond them 
 in my efforts to effect an accommodation. It 
 remains for you to say what is to be done ; 
 and I hope you will find it agreeable to 
 answer voluntarily now, rather than wait 
 until you are compelled to answer at the 
 point of the bayonet. 
 
 Vernon. The assembly have promptly 
 obeyed the governor s summons, in the 
 
156 T A N G R U A. 
 
 full expectation that lie was about to with 
 draw the unreasonable pretensions which 
 have so long annulled all our efforts to 
 serve the public. The assembly, I $m sure, 
 agree most cordially in the sentiment, that 
 all words that interfere with prompt action, 
 at a time like this, are criminal ; but we 
 are not conscious that any such have here 
 tofore been utterd on our part. As to the 
 armed assemblies of Chester and Berks, we 
 have heard of them, but felt no apprehension 
 on that account. Holding our offices directly 
 from the people, it has always been our high 
 est ambition to represent their opinions and 
 wishes truly; and we shall gladly embrace 
 the opportunity, should they visit us in a 
 body on this occesion, to account to them for 
 our stewardship. If they come with bayonets 
 in their hands, that circumstance will neither 
 hasten nor change our answer. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. Do you imagine, gentle 
 men of the assembly, that frivolous questions 
 of form and precedent will be received as an 
 excuse for not supplying means of defence, by 
 
TANGORUA. 157 
 
 by men who are in hourly danger of being 
 massacred through your neglect ? 
 
 Vernon. The assembly are very sure that 
 they have made every concession at all con 
 sistent with the rights of the freemen they 
 represent; and they have reason to believe 
 that even those who are suffering most do not 
 wish them to go farther. On the contrary, 
 the sentiment is freely expressed throughout 
 the province, that whoever should consent to 
 yield essential liberty for the sake of a little 
 temporary safety, would thereby prove that 
 he deserved neither liberty nor safety. Such 
 being the temper of the people, the assembly, 
 at least, have nothing to fear from their 
 rumored visit. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. -Essential liberty ! To enroll 
 the people ; to place arms in their hands ; to 
 set over them officers of their own choosing; 
 call you this an invasion of essential liberty ? 
 Why the very beasts of the field might teach 
 you the necessity of organization for defence. 
 You may learn its principles from the first 
 
 herd of goats or flock of geese you meet with. 
 14 
 
158 TANGORUA. 
 
 A tithe of their wisdom would have given us 
 a militia law long ago ; and yet the assembly 
 still refuses it. 
 
 Callender. In behalf of the people called 
 Quakers, who compose a majority of the 
 assembly, and are, therefore, responsible for 
 its action, permit me to remind the governor, 
 that our refusal to establish any kind of mili 
 tary organization is but a consistent applica 
 tion of our principles of peace. To act other 
 wise would be to surrender the policy which 
 has been so successfully pursued in the pro 
 vince from the beginning ; and would require 
 either, that we abandon the posts assigned us 
 by the free voice of the people, or violate the 
 most cherished article of our religious faith. 
 This we think would be yielding too much to 
 the commands even of a governor ; even of the 
 present governor of this province. Never 
 theless, whilst we adhere to our own maxims, 
 we are willing that others who think differ 
 ently should act according to their own con 
 viction. As captain-general, the governor 
 has, by the royal charter, full authority to 
 
TANGORUA. 159 
 
 raise men; and the bill now in his hands, 
 granting a large sum "for the use of the 
 king," will enable him to pay the expenses. 
 We make no recommendation of violent mea 
 sures, and wish for no share in the honor of 
 military expeditions. We shall be happy if 
 we only can keep ourselves free from the 
 guilt of them. But the votes we have passed 
 will prove to the world, that we have no 
 desire to force our principles upon those who 
 are not prepared to receive them. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. Let us have no more tri 
 fling, gentlemen. The bill you refer to, taxes 
 the proprietary estates ; and I have told you 
 again and again, that my instructions posi 
 tively forbid my agreeing to any such law. 
 
 Callender. Let all reasonable men judge 
 between us and the proprietaries in this mat 
 ter. Deeply interested as they are in the 
 peace of the province ; gaining more than any 
 other persons by its prosperity ; they yet re 
 fuse to bear any share of the burdens which 
 fall so heavy upon us in these times of trouble. 
 This we think must be considered extraordi- 
 
1(30 TANGOKUA. 
 
 nary conduct, whether they are regarded in 
 the capacity of fathers of their country or that 
 of subjects to their king. Neither can we 
 admit the governor s plea that he is bound by 
 proprietary instructions. Their instructions 
 are secrets to us, and we may waste much time 
 and much of the public money in framing 
 and passing bills which, after all, must, from 
 those instructions, prove abortive. If we can 
 thus do nothing for the relief of our country 
 till we fortunately hit on the only bill the 
 governor is allowed to pass, or till we make 
 such as the governor or proprietaries direct 
 us to make, we see little use of assemblies 
 in this particular, and think we might as well 
 leave it to the governor or proprietaries to 
 make for us what supply laws they please, 
 and save ourselves and the country the ex 
 pense and trouble. All debates and all rea 
 sonings are vain, where proprietary instruc 
 tions, just or unjust, right or wrong, must 
 inviolably be observed. "We have only to 
 find out, if we can, what they are, and then 
 submit and obey. 
 
TANGORUA. 161 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. All this can signify no 
 thing. These instructions have been sent me 
 and I consider them binding. The question 
 is, gentleman, whether you are prepared to 
 amend your bill in the manner I have sug 
 gested. 
 
 Vernon. It is very true that the assembly 
 have heretofore, in a spirit of liberal conces 
 sion, agreed occasionally to the amendment of 
 their bills, without reference to the subject- 
 matter. They have not found the practice, 
 however, answer any such useful purpose, as 
 can encourage the continuance of it. We 
 have of late had so many supply bills and of 
 such different kinds rejected on various pre 
 tences, some for not complying with obsolete 
 instructions ; some for being inconsistent with 
 the supposed spirit of an act of parliament, 
 which had no relation whatever to this pro 
 vince ; some for being, as the governor was 
 pleased to say, " of an extraordinary nature," 
 without informing us wherein that extraordi 
 nary nature consisted; and others for dis 
 agreeing with new discovered meanings and 
 
162 TANGOBUA. 
 
 forced constructions of a clause in the pro- 
 prieterj commission, that we are now really 
 at a loss to divine what bill can possibly pass. 
 We find, indeed, in this instance, another proof 
 of how little is to be gained by such compli 
 ance, and how endless it is to admit any 
 change in such bills ; for now the governor 
 proposes to amend his own amendments 
 adds to his own additions and alters his 
 own alterations ; so that though we should 
 accede to these, we are not sure of being ever 
 the nearer to a conclusion. The assembly 
 are therefore resolved, that they cannot upon 
 this or any future occasion allow any amend 
 ment whatever to their many bills, but are 
 resolved henceforth to insist upon the privi 
 leges in this kind enjoyed by the commons 
 of England. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. This is a most monstrous 
 pretension, and overlooks entirely the broad 
 distinction between the constitutions of Eng 
 land and of Pennsylvania. It is, however, in 
 keeping with the general spirit of the assem 
 bly; whose chief ambition seems to be to 
 
TANGORUA. 163 
 
 humble their lawful rulers, the proprietaries, 
 and to obtain complete control over their 
 possessions. Did you but feel, gentlemen, a 
 portion of the anxiety for the public welfare, 
 and sympathy for the public sufferings which 
 weigh upon my spirits, you would postpone 
 these contentions to a more fitting season. 
 
 Vernon. We know of no season, sir, that 
 is fit for surrendering the rights of our con 
 stituents. And we think it at least probable, 
 that we, who have been, most of us born on 
 the soil and all of us residents here from our 
 youth ; whose families are settled here ; whose 
 fortunes are invested here ; whose present 
 interests and future hopes are all here : it is 
 at least probable that we feel as much anxiety 
 and sympathy for our fellow-citizens, as the 
 governor does, who is comparatively a stran 
 ger among us, whose fortune and connections 
 are elsewhere, and whose intention it no 
 doubt is, to return after a while whence he 
 came, carrying with him such honors and 
 profits as he may have been able to accumu 
 late here. 
 
164 TANGORUA. 
 
 Lieut. -Governor.- No more of this, gentle 
 men. It is bad enough to be obliged to read 
 such language in your messages. I cannot 
 suffer it to be spoken in my presence. Go 
 back to your house and meditate on the con 
 dition of your bleeding country ; for so, per 
 haps, the dying embers of humanity may yet 
 be revived in your bosoms. 
 
 Vernon. We are as ready to withdraw, as 
 we were to come ; but it is proper the gover 
 nor should first be informed that the assembly 
 have resolved to lay an account of these pro 
 ceedings before his Majesty ; and that unless 
 this just and equitable bill receives his sig 
 nature they will be under the necessity of 
 making an immediate application and com 
 plaint against him to the sovereign. 
 [Exeunt the speaker, followed by the Assembly^] 
 Lieut.- Governor. Well, it is something at 
 least to know the worst. These men, I have 
 no doubt, will stand their ground, in spite of 
 all we can do; for when were a set of fan 
 atics ever yet reduced to reason by argument, 
 persuasion, authority, or any thing short of 
 
TAN GO RITA. 165 
 
 actual scourging. It is fortunate for them 
 that the rod has not been put into my hand. 
 But, gentlemen of the council, what is to be 
 done now. My instructions are peremptory 
 against agreeing to any taxation of the pro 
 priety estates. To yield the point therefore 
 would, it seems to me, be a betrayal of per 
 sonal confidence, and would also subject me to 
 personal responsibility in a ruinous amount. 
 
 Several Council-men. We can see no way 
 of escaping such a conclusion; nor how the 
 point can be yielded with honor or safety. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. This comes of the Uto 
 pian dreams of William Penn. Clothed with 
 ample powers, he might have governed his 
 province as a feudal chief, and levied such 
 contributions as he pleased. But he pre 
 ferred the people before himself and his 
 family, and seemed anxious to divest himself 
 and his successors of every power which 
 he supposed might safely be entrusted to a 
 popular assembly. As might have been ex 
 pected, this assembly has striven ever since 
 to grasp also the few privileges that were 
 
163 TANGORUA. 
 
 retained. So great has been their success, 
 indeed, that they seem now almost ready to 
 grapple with the power of the monarch him 
 self. Some of us may live to see the day 
 when they will even dare to raise the standard 
 of independence. 
 
 A Council-man. Such thoughts are now 
 freely entertained, and even expressed; and 
 what is remarkable, it is claimed that they 
 are a necessary result of the principles taught 
 by William Penn himself. They profess to 
 believe, that if he is now conscious of what 
 is passing in his beloved province, it must 
 give him unmingled satisfaction to witness 
 the spread of that principle of equality which 
 is likely to deprive his descendants of all 
 their privileges, and of that spirit of inde 
 pendence which threatens to reject the rule 
 of- all earthly kings. Such are the wild no 
 tions that now infect many who are looked 
 upon as leaders of the people. [Exeunt.] 
 
TANGORUA. 167 
 
 SECTION IV. 
 
 At the Moravian Mission. Tangorua on the portico of 
 the Mission House. A band of Indians in war costume 
 in the foreground. Enter Zangenberg. 
 
 Zangenberg. You are welcome, Tangorua. 
 I have long been anxiously expecting you. 
 But what mean these strange trappings? 
 This head-dress of eagle s plumes this robe 
 with heathenish pictures these horrid scalp- 
 lock fringes ? It is not thus that you have 
 been accustomed to appear among us. And 
 those, your companions, reclining on yonder 
 hillside, half naked, streaked with paint, and 
 smeared with charcoal, till they are fearful to 
 look on with bows, and shields, and toma 
 hawks ! It is not thus that Indians come to 
 receive instruction from their Christian teach 
 ers, and to join in prayer to the Prince of 
 Peace. Such preparations are fit for those 
 who serve the powers of hell, not of heaven. 
 
168 TANGORUA. 
 
 Tangorua. Tangorua appears in the dress 
 which becomes a war-chief when leading his 
 young men to battle ; for he who enjoys the 
 honor of command should make himself 
 the most conspicuous mark for the enemy. 
 Such, at least, is the red-man s law of honor. 
 But listen ! I have come to tell you that the 
 wise men of many nations have met in coun 
 cil, and have appointed Tangorua to lead in 
 the war-path. These are my warriors. They 
 have all smoked the red pipe, and danced the 
 war dance, and sworn fidelity to the cause, by 
 striking the reddened post with their hands. 
 
 Zangenberg. I am sorry to see you, even 
 for a moment, return to the practice of these 
 heathen rites; and sorrier still to see that 
 you have already forgotten your vows of 
 peace. Yet war, though always an evil, may 
 sometimes be a necessary one. If any tribe 
 or people have broken their plighted faith, 
 invaded your territory, disturbed your peace, 
 or threatened your safety in such a case, 
 even the dreadful alternative of war may 
 become justifiable. But if our teachings 
 
TANGORUA. 169 
 
 have not been altogether in vain, you will 
 make war the instrument of peace, and take 
 care that not one arrow is shot unnecessarily. 
 
 Tangorua. There is a people who have 
 done us all the wrongs you have mentioned, 
 and a thousand more. They have invaded 
 our country, driven us from our homes, over 
 reached us by their cunning arts, poisoned us 
 with their gifts, impoverished us by their 
 traffic, and still threaten us with total banish 
 ment, or entire destruction if we remain. 
 
 Zangenberg. Against such an enemy, war 
 is not only allowed, but commanded, both by 
 nature and religion. But who are these per 
 nicious children of the Evil One ? 
 
 Tangorua. The English, the French, the 
 white man the people who come from 
 beyond the sea. They have robbed us of 
 our inheritance, and as robbers we will treat 
 them drive them out or exterminate them, 
 from the graybeard to the suckling babe all 
 but my Christian father and his daughter. 
 But come, make haste ; let me convey you to 
 a place of safety, for arrows and tomahawks 
 
 15 
 
170 TANGORUA. 
 
 will soon be flying through, the air, like flocks 
 of birds. 
 
 Zangenberg. Such thoughts are unworthy 
 of you, my son; they are the proper senti 
 ments of the misanthrope Weerahoochwee. 
 His love so far from embracing all mankind, 
 does not include even the whole Indian race, 
 nor the whole of his own tribe, nor all the 
 members of his own family ; it does not ex 
 tend beyond his own miserable person. 
 Nothing delights him so much as the sound 
 of strife, but he is careful never to expose 
 himself to danger. Ignorant of the white 
 man s strength, he would send his own peo 
 ple blind-fold to destruction. He builds his 
 plans of materials gathered in fantastic 
 dreams; and his presumption leads him to 
 despise all the experience, knowledge and 
 wisdom of other men. Is not this a true 
 picture of him ? 
 
 Tangorua. So true, that one might know 
 it to be his, though you had not named him. 
 
 Zangenberg. Then why does my son listen 
 to such a deceiver. You know better ; you 
 
TANGORUA. 171 
 
 have seen the greatness, the numbers and the 
 power of the white men. You know that the 
 Indian cannot contend with him. If you 
 were to expel every man from this province, 
 many other provinces of English would still 
 remain. If they were all expelled, the 
 French would still be numerous and powerful 
 at the north. And after you had conquered 
 them, there would be the Spaniards covering 
 all the south. But what if they too were 
 driven out; would you be allowed to pos 
 sess the country in peace ? No 1 thousands 
 upon thousands more would come from be 
 yond the sea, and you would find their 
 power always increasing the more you op 
 posed it. Resistance to the white man is 
 therefore madness. He is here, and here he 
 will remain and multiply. If the red man is 
 wise, he will shape his course accordingly, 
 and not attempt to resist what is inevitable. 
 
 Tangorua. Must we then perish in silence, 
 without striking a single blow for our homes 
 and our lives? 
 
 Zangcnberg. You cannot resist the white 
 
172 TANGORUA. 
 
 man s power, but yon may turn his presence 
 into a heavenly blessing. He brings with 
 him all the treasures of wisdom that have 
 been accumulated during thousands of years, 
 in the old world; education, science, art, 
 commerce, and above all a religion which 
 God himself came down to teach his children. 
 All these the strangers bring, and are ready 
 to share with you ; and you may thus in a 
 little while learn many great things, which 
 you could not of yourselves find out in a 
 hundred generations, perhaps not to the end 
 of time. Tangorua is wise. Why then does 
 he attempt the impossible? Why does he 
 not seek the good that is within his reach ? 
 Do this, my son, and you shall be blessed, 
 and a blessing to your people. Leave Wee- 
 rahoochwee to fret himself with his evil pas 
 sions, and to rehearse his crazy visions, in 
 his solitary cave. 
 
 Tangorua. From far and near the war 
 riors have assembled to redress their wrongs. 
 Shall I tell them it is all a mistake? that 
 they have suffered no wrong, and are 
 
TANGORUA. 173 
 
 threatened with no danger? That what 
 they see and feel themselves, what their wise 
 men tell them, and, what the traditions of 
 their fathers teach, is all a delusion ? That 
 the Indians are as great, as numerous, and as 
 happy now as ever? They are not children, 
 that any man should dare thus to talk to 
 them; nor is Tangorua a deceiver, that he 
 should tell them what he knows to be false. 
 
 Zangenberg. That your people have suf 
 fered much wrong is unhappily too true. 
 Wicked men are found in every community, 
 and governments cannot always restrain them. 
 But why should you visit their sins upon the 
 innocent ? Make your complaint to the 
 governor ; you are now in a position to com 
 mand an attentive hearing. You may obtain 
 redress for past injuries, and new securities 
 for the future. You will thus win the blessed 
 character of a peace-maker the benefactor 
 of both races with new titles to enter upon 
 what I have long believed to be your heaven- 
 appointed mission. But if this war goes on, 
 
 I shall remain here and share the common 
 15* 
 
174 TANGOKUA. 
 
 fate. If all my hopes are thus to perish, by 
 violence, it is fit that my life should end with 
 them. But Miriam ! how often have I talked 
 to her of your humanity, your honor, your 
 piety, your pure and disinterested love ? Is 
 it possible that she is so soon to see you in 
 the character of a robber and a ruffian ? 
 
 Tangorua. Fear not for Miriam. Tan 
 gorua s love is not that of a wild beast, which 
 delights in tormenting and destroying its 
 object: it teaches him to honor, to protect, 
 and to obey. By it she will be saved, when 
 all her white sisters perish. It will enable 
 her to make her wish the law of every wig 
 wam, where Tangorua s authority extends. 
 Nor will it cause her to be molested by his 
 presence. She will be to him as a beautiful 
 star which he will watch, and worship from a 
 distance ; as unapproachable as it, and as safe 
 from all danger of polluting touch. Such is 
 Tangorua s love. It is a fountain that will 
 flow on while he lives. Neglect and con 
 tempt may trouble its waters, but cannot 
 quench them, nor turn them to bitterness. 
 
TANGOKUA. 175 
 
 Zangenberg. Such love is not likely to go 
 long unreturned. But how do you propose 
 to prosecute your suit? will you come with 
 hands reeking with blood to woo a Christian 
 maiden ? Will you bring the scalps of her 
 friends and relatives as a love-gift ?.. The torch 
 of love cannot thus be kindled. But go and 
 stay this dreadful strife ; restore peace, and 
 prepare your people to receive the gospel of 
 peace. Then patriotism, duty, gratitude, reli 
 gion, all these setiments blended into one will 
 assume the form of love, and plead your cause. 
 
 Tangorua. What assurance can I have 
 that peace would bring such results ? 
 
 Zangenberg. I can but speak my opinion 
 at present, but hope to give you better assur 
 ance soon. 
 
 Tangorua. I go then to conduct my war 
 riors to their camping ground. When I 
 return, I will hear you farther. 
 
 [Exit Tangorua, and the Indians from the 
 foreground. Zangenberg enters the house, and 
 returns in a few minutes with Miriam .] 
 
176 TAN GO KIT A. 
 
 Zangenberg. There have been strangers 
 here, my daughter, and they brought very 
 important news. 
 
 Miriam. Strangers ! news ! news from our 
 friends from Philadelphia from the father 
 land, perhaps. O, how my heart flutters at 
 the sound! I had almost believed that my 
 thoughts would never more wish to escape 
 from the shades of this wilderness ; but I find 
 they are as eager as ever to spread their 
 wings for a flight homewards. 
 
 Zangenberg. I am sorry to disappoint you ; 
 but the news is not from our friends ; nor is 
 it of a friendly character. It tells of threat 
 ened war and bloodshed ; of combinations 
 among savage tribes ; of extermination of all 
 the race of whites. Tangorua has been here 
 to warn us of the danger, and to escort us to 
 a place of safety. 
 
 Miriam. Which side is he likely to take 
 in such a contest ? 
 
 Zangenberg. He seems to be halting be 
 tween two opinions. Patriotism, tradition, 
 the persuasions of chiefs and counsellors, 
 
TANGOBUA. 177 
 
 ambition, and above all, the wild instincts of 
 his race, attract him to the cause of the con 
 spirators; but all his better feelings, his 
 knowledge, his judgment, his humanity, in 
 cline him towards peace and friendship with 
 the whites. Shall he be left to the accidents 
 of these contending influences, or shall he be 
 bound with cords and cables to our cause ? 
 Oh, Miriam ! thoughts are in my heart which 
 I dare not utter ; for on this subject, and on 
 this alone, I have found you disposed to turn 
 a deaf ear to your father s voice. 
 
 Miriam. Speak on, father ; I am listening 
 to every word you say. 
 
 Zangenberg. My daughter, if it is true, as 
 I am well assured it is, that this people are 
 descended from the chosen people of old 
 that they are a remnant of the lost tribes of 
 Israel then must Jehovah look down with a 
 peculiar interest on this scene ; and his appro 
 bation or anger will attend your conduct, in 
 no common measure ; for in your hands, I 
 verily believe, are the issues of peace or war, 
 the lives of thousands of your fellow crea- 
 
178 TANG OKU A. 
 
 tures, the fortunes of many tribes and nations 
 of red men. Providence will certainly 
 accomplish his own ends at last; but the 
 method and the time may be changed by the 
 rebellion of a single agent. Would that 
 your eyes might be opened to see the glori 
 ous prospect that stretches far away before 
 you! Would that your heart might be 
 inclined to enter upon it with hope, and faith, 
 and love, unfeigned! 
 
 Miriam. Alas, that so heavy a burden 
 should fall to the share of one so feeble! 
 What wonder if I have been pressed to the 
 earth by it ? My blood was chilled, my brain 
 bewildered; dark and desperate purposes 
 crossed my soul. But all that is passed. I 
 am now calm, resigned and resolute. If I 
 err, my error shall at least be the result of 
 filial love and obedience. Dispose of me, my 
 dear father, as before God you believe to be 
 right. Whatever arrangement you make, I 
 pledge myself to abide by it. Allow me only 
 to give a few hours to the past ; I shall then 
 live entirely for the future. Some tears I 
 must shed over hopes that can never be 
 
TANGORUA. 179 
 
 realized ; some idols, whose roots are entwined 
 among my heart-strings, I must tear from my 
 bosom. But fear not ; my heart shall be a 
 free and perfect offering unfettered by re 
 serve, unstained by the remains of any earthly 
 passion. 
 
 Zangenberg. Oh, my daughter, believe me, 
 believe me, there is joy over this scene even 
 among the angels. Eetire now, if you wish, 
 to your chamber. May the Holy Spirit guide 
 you in all good purposes, and enable you to 
 walk faithfully and wisely in the high path 
 in which you are called to tread. (Exeunt^) 
 
 [Enter Kazulca from behind a screen of grape 
 vines^ 
 
 Kazuka. I have heard what was not in 
 tended for my ears; but how could I help 
 listening. It may be wrong to gain know 
 ledge in this way, but when one has got it, it 
 cannot be wrong to use it for a good purpose 
 Who would have believed it? No witness 
 but my own ears could make me do so. I 
 have seen wild and even cruel ceremonies 
 performed by Indian pow wows ; but never 
 anything like this, a father tearing out the 
 
180 TANGORUA. 
 
 heart of his own daughter and offering it up 
 as a sacrifice. A sacrifice to whom ? Can the 
 Great Spirit take pleasure in such a deed? 
 No! it is a sacrifice to the spirit of evil 
 made through selfishness or fear, and is alto 
 gether a deed of wickedness. But what can 
 Kazuka do to prevent it? If she has any 
 wit let her use it now. Well, I will go to 
 Weerahoochwee s cave. It is said he can 
 read the secrets of the heart ; tell what is to 
 happen hereafter ; and control coming events 
 as he pleases. I will apply to him for help ; 
 he may yet save my sister Miriam. But 
 what if I should bring evil on Tangorua! 
 Even to save her I cannot do that. Ah! 
 could I but be changed to a white maiden, 
 or could Tangorua s eyes be made to see me 
 like Miriam, and Miriam like Kazuka, how 
 happy we all should be! And why may not 
 Weerahoochwee do even this? He has done 
 greater things if all they say of him is true. 
 I will go and tell him all. Whatever may 
 happen, I cannot be made more wretched 
 than I am. My heart is full of sorrow al 
 ready ; it can hold no more. [Exit.] 
 
TANGORUA. 181 
 
 SECTION Y. 
 
 At Weerahoochwee s Cave. Present, jWeerahoochwee 
 and Tangorua. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. They who were pale by 
 nature, are paler now from fear. Not one of 
 all the swarms who infested these hills and 
 valleys remains; they have all been fright 
 ened back to their nests on the banks of the 
 Delaware. Make haste and fall upon them 
 there ; beat and burn till not a vestige is left 
 of hive or hornet. Then shall the deer return 
 to his old haunts, and our people to the hunt 
 ing grounds of their fathers. 
 
 Tangorua. Why was Tangorua appointed 
 "War Chief, if the young men can go out and 
 fight when they please? I have mustered 
 my forces; I have laid my plans for the 
 future; but who has unburied the hatchet 
 without my orders? 
 
 Weerahoochwee. So the work is done, what 
 
 matter how or when, or by whom ? So many 
 16 
 
182 TANGORUA. 
 
 the fewer hands there will be for you to 
 strike down ; so many the fewer throats you 
 will have the trouble of cutting. Or does Tan- 
 gorua wish to enjoy the death-pangs of every 
 victim? Will it not satisfy him if all the 
 scalps are brought to him fresh and bleeding? 
 
 Tangorua. If you were talking to a wolf 
 such words might please him ; but Tangorua 
 neither does such cruel deeds himself, nor 
 allows them to be done where he commands. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. This lesson you have 
 learned in the schools of the white man. He 
 makes war under the mask of friendship. He 
 speaks softly when his arm is raised to strike. 
 He smiles upon his enemy while stabbing him 
 to the heart. Not so the Indian. He knows 
 well the duties of hospitality and friendship, 
 and in times of peace performs them with 
 sacred care. But when he makes war, he goes 
 out to terrify, to kill, and to conquer. He 
 makes his face streaked with paint, and grim 
 as a panther s : his voice becomes harsher than 
 the scream of a swooping eagle ; and when 
 he seizes his prey he tears it with the fury of 
 
TAXGORUA. 183 
 
 a wild-cat. We do not expect the Good Spirit 
 to smile on such doings : war is the business 
 of the Evil One ; in his name we carry it on, 
 and in such way as will be likely to please 
 him best. 
 
 Tangorua. I will not speak of generosity 
 towards an enemy, nor of mercy towards him 
 our duty compels us to destroy. Such words 
 would be thrown away upon one who acknow 
 ledges himself a follower of the Evil One. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. It is well. To explain such 
 things might be too great a task even for the 
 eloquence and learning of Tangorua. He does 
 well therefore to avoid it. But when will you 
 be ready to raise the war-whoop ? Where is 
 the storm gathering that is to blow these in 
 truders into the ocean ? 
 
 Tangorua. It is the part of a wise man to 
 keep his own counsel, and of a leader to seize 
 on opportunities as they rise ; for the rest I 
 shall listen to no dictator except a sense of 
 duty. 
 
 WeraJioocliwee. The end you are required 
 to accomplish is the destruction or expulsion 
 
184 TANGOKUA. 
 
 of the whole race of pale-faces ; the means are 
 left to your discretion. 
 
 Tangorua. The end I aim at is the good 
 of my people, whether it require that the red 
 hatchet be unburied, or that the broken chain 
 of friendship be repaired. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. Men sometimes prefer 
 their own good to the public good. Does not 
 Tangorua know that many of his brothers 
 believe that he is at heart more than half a white 
 man ? It therefore becomes him, of all men, 
 to prove his fidelity to the cause of his people. 
 
 Tangorua.-Does not "Weerahoochwee know 
 that many of his brothers believe him to be 
 half mad-man and half impostor ? Of all men 
 it becomes him, therefore, to prove his wisdom 
 and honesty. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. Beware! the same hand 
 that raised you so high may pull you down. 
 
 Tangorua. Surrounded by my warriors, 
 and strong in their love and confidence, I have 
 nothing to fear from men who live in caves 
 arid converse with shadows; nor will I waste 
 more time in disputing with such a one. [Exit. 
 
TANGORUA. 185 
 
 Weerahoochwee. So ! This young man 
 already wishes to kick down the ladder by 
 which he has climbed to greatness. I have 
 ever found it thus. The heights of glory are 
 seldom reached otherwise than step by step ; 
 nor without much toil and care ; nor without 
 a helping hand from others: yet the occu 
 pants would fain have the world believe it is 
 their native seat, or that they have risen 
 through the air on wings, or dropped down 
 from the clouds above. I would not, there 
 fore, quarrel with Tangorua on this point if 
 I believed him true to the cause ; but I see 
 clearly that he has returned to his old dream 
 of friendship and alliance with the white men. 
 And where would all this end? In what 
 does a nation s life consist ? In its traditions 
 its customs its religion. Shall we then 
 strip off the fashions of our fathers, and put 
 on the garments of our enemies ? This were 
 to be doubly conquered. This were to die 
 as freemen, and yet live as slaves ; to wear a 
 perpetual yoke of servitude an unfading 
 badge of infamy. But what has caused him 
 
186 TANGORUA. 
 
 thus suddenly to turn from his course? The 
 moon no doubt has a reason for its changes, and 
 so has he. Shame to my wits if they do not 
 soon discover it ! But who comes here? The 
 very spirit I would wish to conjure up, if I 
 were indeed the magician I profess to be 
 [Enter KazuJcaJ] My daughter is welcome. 
 She does well to bring her griefs to me. I 
 will receive them, and she shall not carry 
 one of them back with her. Every cloud 
 shall be chased from her brow, and every 
 tear wiped from her eyes. 
 
 Kazuka. All the world knows that Wee- 
 
 rahoochwee can control the spirits of the living 
 as well as of the dead ; that he can make the 
 eye to see, and the heart to love or hate as he 
 commands. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. If I were not wiser than 
 other men, how could I know your secret 
 now, before you told it? You love Tan- 
 gorua, but Tangorua loves the white maiden. 
 How then can you help wishing her removed 
 out of the way. You do well to hate her and 
 all her race. Be patient; you shall soon 
 
TANGOKUA. 187 
 
 drink revenge till you are drunk with it. 
 Miriam shall die ; our old women shall bind 
 her to the stake ; Kazuka shall conduct the 
 tortures. 
 
 Kazuka. [Beginning to iveep.~] No, no ! It 
 was a false spirit that told you this. Your 
 words fill me with horror. My Christian 
 teachers have shown me a better way. I 
 have learned to pity and forgive, even the 
 enemy I hate the worst. But my sister 
 Miriam is dearer to me than my own life. I 
 come to ask you to help and to save her. 
 Instead of putting her to the torture, I am 
 ready, if such a price must be paid, to bear 
 it myself for her deliverance. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. Shall I then increase 
 Tangorua s passion ? Is she not satisfied ? 
 Does he not love her enough ? 
 
 Kazuka. It is his love that makes her 
 miserable. Your spells alone can save her 
 from its influence. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. Is not her father with 
 her? "Why does not he protect her. 
 
 Kazuka. She might walk safely on the 
 
188 TANGORUA. 
 
 edge of the precipice, dizzy as it is, but her 
 father s hand is now stretched forth to push 
 her over. He tells her that Tangorua 
 threatens to make war on the white man, and 
 destroy all the race ; but if she will become 
 his wife, he will be the white man s friend 
 and protector, and so she has agreed, to sell 
 her heart for the safety of her people. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. How did you come by this 
 knowledge ? 
 
 Kazuka. I happened to be near them, but 
 hid from their view by the leaves of a grape 
 vine when they were talking about it. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. You did well to .come to 
 me for help ; and on one condition, I promise 
 you shall not be disappointed. Keep all you 
 have seen and heard to yourself. Wait 
 patiently awhile. Tangorua shall not have 
 your sister Mirirm, nor want her long. He 
 will soon love no one better than Kazuka. 
 
 Kazuka. My sister is saved and I am satis 
 fied. I will not complain, whatever else may 
 happen. [Exit.] 
 
 Weerahoochwce. [Alone] This surpasses my 
 
TANGORUA. 189 
 
 worst fears. Tangorua a traitor! And for 
 what? If lie were driven by furious anger I 
 could understand it ; if revenge blinded and 
 maddened him, it would only be what has 
 happened to many an Indian before ; if ambi 
 tion tempted him with promises of power 
 and greatness, I could share the feeling, and 
 almost pardon him. But to betray his people 
 for a woman s love ; to yield up the greatest 
 project ever formed for the sake of one poor, 
 pale-faced girl, when he might buy dark- 
 eyed maidens enough to fill his wigwam 
 the daughters of great chiefs for a few bun 
 dles of skins, this is what no other red-man 
 ever thought of; this is one of the great 
 things he learned in the white-man s school. 
 He denies my power, and despises my threats. 
 This is another fruit of his learning. But 
 the Indian whose only school has been the 
 forest, is not thus wise above his fathers. 
 He believes that the spirits of the air are sub 
 ject to my control ; that they are ready at my 
 command to unstring the bow, already bent ; 
 to turn aside the arrow in its flight; to change 
 
190 TANG OKU A. 
 
 a band of daring warriors into a herd of fright 
 ened deer. Even so it is; for what matters 
 it whether a man s power rests on his own 
 strength, or on the weakness of those he 
 governs? The result is all the same; and 
 this Tangorua soon shall learn. Since he is 
 determined to measure his power with mine, 
 the world shall soon see whose thunderbolts 
 are the strongest. He has made the white- 
 man s cause his own ; let him then share the 
 white-man s fate ! [Exit.] 
 
PART FOURTH. 
 
 SECTION T. 
 
 At Philadelphia. A street corner. Present, a crowd of 
 citizens. 
 
 1st Citizen. What news? Is there any 
 new news this morning? or does the world 
 still stand where it did last evening? 
 
 2d Citizen. The Indians, it is said, killing 
 and burning all before them, are fast ap 
 proaching the city. 
 
 3d Citizen. No, not the Indians, but a mob 
 of white nfcen, are coming here with arms in 
 their hands. 
 
 1st Citizen. Yes, it is the white men of the 
 frontier that are coming ; but what are they 
 coming for ? There are many stories afloat ; 
 men s opinions seem to be governed not by 
 information, but by their own hopes or 
 fears. 
 
192 TANGORUA. 
 
 3<f Citizen. They are coming, I am told, to 
 plunder the city, as a compensation for the 
 losses they have suffered by the Indians. 
 
 4th Citizen. My informant assures me that 
 their object is, to put their families in a place 
 of safety, while they concentrate their forces 
 to fight the common enemy. 
 
 5th Citizen. It is the work of demagogues, 
 who desire to overturn the government, and 
 rule the province themselves. 
 
 6^/1 Citizen. You are all mistaken. I have 
 my information from a sure source. They 
 are coming to compel the governor and 
 assembly to agree at once upon some active 
 measures of defence. 
 
 1st Citizen. If that is their object, they 
 will find many friends here to join- them. 
 
 Several voices. We will help them to toss 
 the wranglers all together into the Delaware. 
 
 1st Citizen. That will be the way to bring 
 them to an agreement. They will soon pass 
 a bill then for their own deliverance, though 
 they cannot agree upon one now, to save the 
 people. 
 
T A N G R U A. 193 
 
 Zd Citizen. Shame on the assembly, for 
 not voting the necessary supplies ! 
 
 3c? Citizen. Shame on the governor, for 
 not signing the bills that have been passed ! 
 
 4:tJi Citizen. Shame on the proprietaries, 
 for tying the governor s hands with imprac 
 ticable instructions ! 
 
 1st Citizen. Why does not the king pro 
 vide for the defence of his loyal subjects ? 
 
 2d Citizen. All this comes from being 
 governed by rulers who live thousands of 
 miles away. 
 
 1st Citizen. It will never be well with us 
 until we take the government into our own 
 hands. 
 
 Several voices. Treason ! treason ! treason ! 
 
 1st Citizen. We owe no allegiance to 
 rulers who cannot protect us from massacre. 
 
 Several voices. Go ring the bells ! Assem 
 ble the people! Call them to arms! We 
 will make common cause with our brethren 
 from the frontier. 
 
 1st Citizen. Peace ! Stay a moment ! Here 
 17 
 
194 TANGORUA. 
 
 comes Lynford ; he can give us the news if 
 there be any stirring, 
 
 [Enter Lynford J] 
 
 Lynford. What is the meaning of this? 
 How comes this great herd to be assembled 
 at so early an hour? They are disturbing 
 the peace of the city, too, with their bleatings. 
 Have their instincts forewarned them that 
 wolves are in the neighborhood ? or do they 
 snuff a coming storm, in the atmosphere? 
 Such gifts of prescience are common, it is 
 said, among the brute creation. 
 
 1st Citizen. This fellow is one of the gov 
 ernor s creatures. Mark his insolence I 
 
 2nd Citizen. Down with the governor and 
 all his followers I 
 
 3d Citizen. Silence! Let us hear what 
 they have to say for themselves. Out of their 
 own mouths shall they be condemned. 
 
 Lynford. You have my thanks, good 
 friends, for this willingness to hear me. 
 Liberty of speech is a noble privilege at all 
 times, even when a man has nothing to say 
 but to pass sentence on himself. But the 
 
TANGORUA. 195 
 
 same frankness which leads you now to listen 
 to me will also lead you to a just construction 
 of what I have to say. That you are anxious 
 respecting the state of public affairs, proves 
 only your foresight ; that you are excited by 
 the reports that are in circulation, proves only 
 your sensibility ; that you are angry with 
 those who have neglected to provide for the 
 defence of the province, proves only your 
 spirit. You do well to indulge these passions ; 
 but take care that your vengeance falls upon 
 the heads of the guilty alone. You charge 
 the governor with neglecting your interests : 
 but how could he defend you without troops ? 
 How could he muster troops without arms ? 
 How could he purchase arms without money ? 
 How could he obtain money without an ap 
 propriation ? Well, then, you all know that 
 he urged the assembly to organise a militia, 
 and they answered with a long discourse 
 upon the unlawfulness of war. You know 
 that he called on them to arm the volunteers, 
 and they talked about conscientious scruples 
 against bearing arms. You know that he 
 
196 TANGOKUA. 
 
 applied to tliem for means to enable him to 
 provide for the public safety, and they im 
 posed conditions upon their appropriations, 
 which they knew must prevent his accepting 
 them. Judge for yourselves then to whose 
 misconduct your present danger is owing! 
 The assembly will neither light nor permit 
 others to fight. Let them make haste to get 
 themselves to a place of safety I Let them 
 huddle themselves together in the rear of 
 the governor ! So far as one stout heart can 
 protect them they will then be safe. If the 
 enemy ever enter the city they will have to 
 pass over his body, and the bodies of his little 
 band of followers. 
 
 1st Citizen. To my mind there is much 
 reason in what he says. 
 
 2d Citizen. It is clear that the assembly 
 are to blame for all our troubles. 
 
 3d Citizen. Let us pay them a visit, and 
 tel] them a piece of our minds. 
 
 Lynford. My friends, I like your spirit 
 well, and would gladly see you put the assem 
 bly through their exercises, in your present 
 
TANGORUA. 197 
 
 mood. If you were to march them round the 
 city, clothed in sheep-skins, armed with pop 
 guns, to the music of a nursery song, it might 
 help them to see themselves as the world sees 
 them. But don t be in a hurry ; I have good 
 news for you ; and perhaps, when you have 
 heard it, you will think the ceremony may be 
 dispensed with for the present. 
 
 1st Citizen. Give us the news at once; 
 that s what we have been wating for all this 
 time. 
 
 2d Citizen. The news ! the news ! we will 
 be trifled with no longer. 
 
 3d Citizen. Let s have it, quick ! If you 
 give us any more of your jabber, I ll tear the 
 tongue out of you. 
 
 Lynford. And what would you expect to 
 gain by that, my most merciful friend ? If 
 you had my tongue in your hand, you could 
 not squeeze a word out of it. You must not 
 judge it by your own ; it is not used to bawl 
 ing in mere echo to others, but speaks only 
 by permission of the brain that governs it. 
 Forbear your bloody purpose, then, and you 
 17* 
 
198 TANGORUA. 
 
 shall have the news as a free gift. Yesterday 
 the disputes between the assembly and the 
 governor had reached their climax. The dis 
 agreement was hopeless. Both were immova 
 bly grounded: the one from obstinacy, the 
 other from want of power. There seemed to 
 be nothing left for the people but to go out 
 against the enemy as an unorganized rabble, 
 or to prepare themselves to die at home with 
 decency. But towards evening, as you all 
 know, a ship arrived from England (4). 
 Among the despatches she brought, was one 
 from the proprietaries to their financial agents, 
 directing them to hand over to the governor 
 a large sum, on their private account, to be 
 used, if needed, in defence of the province. 
 Contrast this conduct with that of the assem 
 bly. The proprietaries hasten to your assist 
 ance at the first rumor of your danger; the 
 assembly still refuse to help you, when you 
 already hear the arrows and tomahawks whiz 
 zing through the air. 
 
 A Voice. If this does not shame them into 
 compliance, we must take measures to quicken 
 
TANGORUA. 199 
 
 v 
 
 their action. Wliat pretence, what quibble, 
 what subterfuge, can they put forward now to 
 excuse their conduct ? 
 
 Lynford. The old Hunkses, who rule the 
 assembly, are a queer set of fellows. Pro 
 fessing non-resistance, they are the most obsti 
 nate race of animals on earth ; teaching for 
 giveness of injuries, they are as tenacious of 
 the smallest privilege as a courtier is of pre 
 cedence ; preaching obedience to the powers 
 that be, they elevate the authority of their 
 own consciences above all earthly powers. It 
 must be admitted, too, that they have shown 
 a singular degree of skill, vigilance and dig 
 nity in the performance of their parts. Last 
 night, for instance, being in session at a late 
 hour, and hearing of the proprietary dona 
 tion, they instantly amended their money bill, 
 striking out the clause which the governor 
 objected to that which taxed the proprietary 
 estate in consideration of said donation. 
 Thus, you perceive, they most dexterously 
 responded to this act of generosity, in kind, 
 
200 TANGORUA. 
 
 and yet preserved untouched the principle for 
 which they have been all along contending. 
 [Laughter and cheers from the crowd.] 
 
 1st Citizen. Well done for the Broad 
 brims ! 
 
 2d Citizen. They take good care of onr 
 liberties; and we value liberty more than 
 life. 
 
 Several Voices. Huzza for the Assembly! 
 Three cheers for the Assembly. 
 
 [Amid cheers and laughter the crowd disperse^ 
 
 Lynford. There go Yernon s dear friends, 
 whom he hopes one day to call the sovereign 
 people ! Sovereign weather-cocks ! They 
 turn, and turn, as readily as if they were 
 balanced on pivots. Aye, but it is curious 
 how, like the magnetic needle, they always 
 stop in their fluctuations where they begin. 
 The ruling passion always turns their faces 
 towards the same goal at last ; and that gaol 
 
 13 INDEPENDENCE. [.Exit] 
 
TANGO1UJA. 201 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 At same place. The Council Chamber. Present, the 
 Governor and his Council. Callender and other 
 Quakers, members of the Assembly. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. It must be borne in mind, 
 that the Society of Friends is responsible for 
 the action of the assembly, since the majority 
 of its members belong to that sect. How long 
 do you expect then, gentlemen, to continue 
 this contest? Are you not sensible that your 
 course is well nigh run ? Do you not per 
 ceive that both the submission of the people 
 and the forbearance of his majesty are com 
 pletely exhausted ? 
 
 Callender. For the manner in which we 
 have acquitted ourselves of the high trust 
 reposed in us, we are not ashamed to appeal 
 to the records of this province from the begin 
 ning. As to the people, suffice it to say, that 
 we have always held, and still hold, our seats 
 by their free suffrage. As to the king, we 
 
202 T A N G O R U A. 
 
 have yet to learn that he has ever complained 
 of our loyalty ; and we confidently affirm that 
 for promptness and liberality in contributing 
 to his service, this province may safely chal 
 lenge comparison with any other province, 
 royal or proprietary, within his dominions. 
 Of the liberality of our last appropriation, 
 the governor need not be reminded, for the 
 ink is hardly yet dry upon it. 
 
 Lieut. - Governor . I shall not contend with 
 you upon that subject now though much 
 might be said about reluctance and delay, 
 and unwarrantable conditions. But what 
 avails the mere appropriation of money? 
 As well attempt to feed a starving multitude 
 on gold, as to defend them from danger by a 
 mere vote of supplies. Money alone cannot 
 create an army ; there must be organiza 
 tion and discipline; and these can have no 
 existence without martial law. 
 
 Callender. Our principles on this subject 
 are well known to all the world, and our con 
 fidence in them remains unshaken. Owing to 
 a difference of opinion among the people of 
 
TANGORUA. 203 
 
 this province, and that we might avoid the 
 imputation of churlishness or meanness, we 
 have indeed at all times shown our readiness 
 to contribute of our substance to the use of 
 the King ; leaving the application of such 
 contributions to his discretion. But for our 
 selves, we have ever relied for our safety on 
 the principles referred to. To pass such laws 
 as you desire, would be to acknowledge the 
 necessity and lawfulness of war, and to gain 
 say the testimony which our people have 
 uniformly borne from the beginning. We 
 apprehend the governor is too well ac 
 quainted with our tempers, to expect any 
 such defection from our principles, on this or 
 any other emergency. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. I well know the folly of 
 reasoning with men who elevate sentiment 
 above judgment; otherwise, I might be in 
 clined to combat this infatuated prejudice 
 against war, by reminding you that no age 
 or people has ever been free from it; that 
 the great events in history which most stir 
 our blood and fire our emulation, are its 
 
204 TANGOKUA. 
 
 fruits; that by it, more than by all other 
 agencies, energy is awakened, genius in 
 spired, and heroes nursed; in short, that 
 without it, civilization would long ago have 
 become a stagnant pool; whereas, the tem 
 pest of war is ever driving it in fertilizing 
 streams throughout the earth. 
 
 Callender. The governor may rest assured 
 that none of these things have escaped our 
 observation. But whilst we know and de 
 plore the actual condition of the world, we 
 know not what might have been its present 
 condition under the reign of peace. We are 
 apt to think, however, that most of the evils 
 that afflict humanity may be traced, directly 
 or indirectly, to war as their common source. 
 Neither do we consider those events neces 
 sarily to have been blessings, which most 
 impress the imaginations of men, seeing that 
 earthquakes, famines, and pestilences, have a 
 like effect. Nor yet can we worship the 
 heroes of the world as benefactors ; inasmuch 
 as their power proves the weakness of all 
 around them, and their greatness implies the 
 
TANGORUA. 205 
 
 inferiority of all others ; whilst, for the most 
 part, they stand in their glory like those old 
 pyramids of the Nile monuments at once of 
 pride and of oppression. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. It is to me a thing in 
 comprehensible, that gentlemen of substance 
 and respectability, like the majority of the 
 assembly, sho v uld neglect the means neces 
 sary to secure themselves in their position. 
 In its present unguarded state, the turbulent 
 populace will encroach upon it, as certainly 
 as the heaving waves do upon a sandy shore. 
 The same course of policy that would give 
 increased wealth and power to the proprie 
 taries, would secure your own precedence, 
 and that of your descendants. 
 
 Gallender. So widely different are our 
 views on this subject, that I almost despair of 
 conveying to the governor a distinct idea of 
 our position. It is well known to thee, how 
 ever, that we are not accustomed to pay 
 homage to man, whatever his position or 
 character ; and thou must therefore perceive 
 
 the propriety of our not claiming it from 
 
 18 
 
206 T A N G R IT A. 
 
 others. That our brother has been less for 
 tunate than ourselves, we can understand 
 may impose on us the duty of helping him ; 
 of trying to lift him up, redress his wrongs, 
 enlighten his ignorance, and reform his vices ; 
 but we see not how it can give us any right 
 to oppress him, or use him for our conve 
 nience. Wherever we find a living soul, we 
 recognise a dwelling place of the Divinity 
 and the capability, under happier circum 
 stances, of all that man can do or be. To 
 assume authority over him, because we are 
 stronger than he, would be to take advantage 
 of the wrongs he has already suffered, and 
 perpetuate instead of repairing them. Domin 
 ion was given us over every beast of the field, 
 but not over our fellow man, nor could we 
 exercise such without usurpation. Thou wilt 
 perceive, therefore, that we could have no 
 object in pursuing the course which thou re- 
 commendest for the establishment of our 
 authority, since we have no such ends to 
 accomplish. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. And yet I understand 
 
TANG OKU A. 207 
 
 not how you can reconcile this hatred of op 
 pression with an unwillingness to defend 
 yourselves, or those who are under your 
 protection from being oppressed by others. 
 
 Callender. If our principles have any 
 foundation in truth, consistency requires that 
 we entrust our defence to another ; for as there 
 is an Almighty power which superintends the 
 government of the world, principles of reli 
 gion agreeable to His will, and purity of 
 heart, (even as the world is at present cir 
 cumstanced) may hope for His protection ; for 
 He can turn the hearts of men as He pleases, 
 and for the sake of ten righteous persons 
 would have spared even the cities of Sodom 
 and Gomorrah. Besides we are well assured, 
 that where his protection is wanting all our 
 efforts would be fruitless.; for except the 
 Lord keep the city the watchmen waketh but 
 in vain. 
 
 Lieut. -Governor. If I were to admit the 
 soundness of your principles, I would yet be 
 obliged to charge you with gross incon 
 sistency of conduct. Have you not your- 
 
208 TANGOKUA. 
 
 selves in the capacity of jurymen, and judges, 
 and civil magistrates condemned offenders 
 against the laws to the loss of liberty and 
 even life? But why do you punish the 
 small offender against your property or your 
 domestic peace? Is it that you may sur 
 render all to the first foreign enemy that 
 invades your borders? Again you build, 
 plant, sow, and send ships to sea, believing 
 that these are necessary means for accom 
 plishing the ends desired. Wherefore, then 
 since you hold it necessary for the husband 
 man to toil with diligence, the mariner to 
 steer his ship, and the watchman to be wake 
 ful and vigilant, wherefore do you not also 
 require the soldier to stand firmly at his 
 post ? Why should you expect Providence 
 to fight one kind of battle for you more than 
 another ? 
 
 Callender. That man should earn his bread 
 by the sweat of his brow, was the sentence 
 passed on him by his Maker. To subdue and 
 cultivate the earth was a task expressly 
 assigned him; and therefore without the 
 
T A N G O R U A. 209 
 
 practice of industry he cannot expect to reap 
 its fruits. But very different, as we appre 
 hend, is the case of strife between man and 
 man, this being not obedience to the Divine 
 will, but rebellion against it. And hence 
 under the government of an Almighty power, 
 who superintends and disposes the smallest 
 events, they who diligently perform the 
 duties assigned them, and trust their safety 
 to His guardianship, may we think not 
 unreasonably hope for His special favor 
 and protection against those who would 
 drive them from their lawful tasks. What 
 reason would thus teach us to look for, is 
 amply established by experience. The Foun 
 der of Christianity employed no weapons 
 for the establishment of his principles, and 
 put none into the hands of his followers. 
 And yet this system, which forbade the use 
 of violence, requiring even submission to 
 injuries, and trusting all to an invisible pro 
 tector, has contended with principalities 
 and powers, and well-nigh conquered the 
 world ; and its success has ever been greatest 
 
210 TANGOKUA. 
 
 where the arm of flesh has least been relied on. 
 Who, then, shall say that a community which 
 shall place its absolute trust in these prin 
 ciples, will not be safe even in the midst of 
 the most perverse generation ? Our own ex 
 perience under many adverse circumstances 
 has been eminently encouraging; and our 
 deepest regret now is, that we are about 
 to lose the opportunity of affording on an 
 ampler scale that demonstration which the 
 world so much needs. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. What am I to under 
 stand from all this, gentlemen ? What course 
 do you intend taking ? 
 
 Callender. We have thought it proper to 
 state distinctly that our principles remain 
 unchanged ; that our confidence in them re 
 mains unshaken. We believe them to be a 
 better safeguard to any community than walls 
 with towers and battlements, or an army with 
 banners. But a large part of this community 
 think otherwise, and we accord to them the 
 same liberty of opinion which we claim for 
 ourselves. To pass a law for the arming of 
 
TANGORUA. 211 
 
 all citizens, would be to outrage the con 
 sciences of our own people; and to pass a 
 law which should except some and compel 
 others, would obviously expose us to the 
 charge of selfishness and favoritism. More 
 over, we dare not count upon the protection 
 which we believe our principles would in 
 themselves secure for the community, when 
 so many of our people live in open disbelief 
 and violation of them. From all these con 
 siderations we have arrived at the conclusion, 
 that the only consistent course left to us is to 
 withdraw from the assembly, and leave those 
 who are in favour of a different course, free to 
 adopt such measures as they may suppose the 
 present emergency requires. We have ac 
 cordingly just filed our resignations with the 
 speaker, and we hope the governor will find 
 our course satisfactory. 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. I am glad to hear you 
 speak thus, even at the eleventh hour ; for 
 although you cannot make amends for the 
 past, repentance is always a virtue even when 
 the evil repented of is irreparable. 
 
212 TANGOKUA. 
 
 Callender. "We hope it is understood, that 
 we feel neither remorse nor repentance for 
 the past ; but are unwilling to be considered 
 responsible for measures which we cannot 
 control. It is this motive which governs our 
 conduct ; it is in this spirit that we take our 
 leave of public life. 
 
 [Exeunt Callender and the other Quakers^ 
 
 Lieut.- Governor. Let this be written down 
 as a happy day in the annals of this province ! 
 The weight that has so long pressed upon her 
 is at last shaken off; the cords that bound her 
 limbs are severed; her worst enemies are con 
 quered those who have been nourished in 
 her bosom. Prepare writs immediately, Mr. 
 Secretary, for elections to fill these vacancies. 
 The time is at hand, when it will be possible 
 for us, even here, to act the parts of men. 
 
 [Exeunt. ] 
 
TANGORUA. 213 
 
 SECTION III. 
 
 At same place. The Military Head Quarters. Present, 
 Vernon, Callender and Lynfbrd. 
 
 Callender. In the turn things have taken, 
 it is most gratifying to Friends that the vol 
 unteers have chosen for their commander, 
 one who does not love war for its own sake. 
 We know thou wilt be careful of the rights 
 of the people, and wilt seize the first occasion 
 to restore peace. 
 
 Vernon. The expectation of Friends will 
 not be disappointed. Between your opinions 
 and mine there is little difference. We have 
 stood shoulder to shoulder in defence of 
 liberty. The only difference is, that when 
 force is employed against us, you protest and 
 suffer, whilst I repel force with force. I shall 
 not dispute the soundness of your principles 
 fairly tried ; but in the present state of things 
 a different policy seems to be necessary. Be 
 assured, however, that the ends we aim at 
 are the same, and that I shall be much more 
 
214 TANG OKU A. 
 
 ready to sheathe the sword than I am to 
 draw it. 
 
 Callender. We blame you not for acting 
 according to your convictions. Though we 
 cannot join your standard, our prayers shall 
 be offered up for you. Kemember, remember 
 the duties of humanity. May victory attend 
 your course, but above all, may the dove of 
 peace soon perch upon your standard. 
 
 [Exit Cattender.] 
 
 Vernon. \_To Lynford^\ Plow do the pre-. 
 parations for the review progress? "What 
 sort of appearance are our soldiers going to 
 make ? 
 
 Lynford. There will be no want of num 
 bers the muster rolls are filled up all seem 
 eager for the fray. But such looking fellows 
 never were called soldiers before. Such 
 garbs ! such arms ! and then the affected 
 fierceness of their looks. But hark ! you may 
 hear the noise of their march. The drum 
 mers are beating out of tune ; and each man 
 steps in his own time and keeps his own 
 distance. 
 
TANGORUA. 215 
 
 Vernon. Never mind, we stall soon bring 
 them to order. But what do they say at the 
 governor s of my election to the command ? 
 
 Lynford. Of course they are vexed at it ; 
 but they all agree that you are capable and 
 will do your duty. Perhaps, too, if my 
 modesty will allow me to say it, your selec 
 tion of an aid has done much to improve 
 their opinion of your discretion. 
 
 Vernon. No doubt, no doubt ! And the 
 people, certainly, will be much struck with 
 my selection of one whose discretion, for 
 bearance, prudence, and all that are so no 
 torious. 
 
 Lynford. You well know, general, that 
 I make no pretensions to your cast of charac 
 ter to your high principles broad-views 
 far-reaching aims. But you know also 
 that I understand what belongs to the charac 
 ter of a soldier. You, therefore, need fear no 
 violation of etiquette no breach of discipline 
 no forgetfulness of the laws of honor on 
 my part. 
 
 Vernon. All this I knew, or I should not 
 
216 TANGORUA. 
 
 have entrusted you with so confidential a 
 post. But go and see how matters are pro 
 gressing. Let me know when they will be 
 ready to receive us. [Exit Lynford] There is 
 no better soldier in the province than this. He 
 will do his duty, from that principle of honor, 
 which, among military men, often supplies 
 the want of other principles. He is my per 
 sonal friend too he knows my dearest secrets 
 I may have occasion for his services beyond 
 the military routine. As to these volunteers, 
 courage and zeal will make amends for their 
 absurd appearance. But what will be the 
 end of all this. We shall quell these Indian 
 troubles and what then ? Our forces will be 
 organized and disciplined accustomed to act 
 together, and acquainted with their strength. 
 If so, these Indian troubles will prove a 
 great blessing in the end. A greater danger 
 threatens us, from another quarter. It is time 
 we were getting ready to meet it. They who 
 have been most anxious to see this arming 
 begin, will perhaps find reason to change 
 their views before they have seen the end 
 of it. [Exit.] 
 
TANGOBUA. 217 
 
 SECTION IV. 
 
 An Indian Village. Present, Weerahoochwee and a 
 number of Indian Chiefs. 
 
 1st Chief. We have come to listen to 
 the instructions of Weerahoochwee; for he 
 is very wise ; wiser than the oldest men 
 among us. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. You have spoken well ; 
 there is a higher wisdom than that which 
 comes from age. Experience is a great 
 teacher, and grey hairs are to be venerated 
 always ; but which of your old men ever yet 
 saw or conversed with the higher powers, who 
 govern all things. (5) Not one of them ! 
 And yet these powers a re every where 
 around you. The sky, the air, the earth, the 
 water, the forest, the field, the wigwam, is full 
 of them. 
 
 A Chorus of Voices. Hush-sh-sh I* 
 
 * Hush-sh-sh, with the head sunk on the breast, nnd 
 the hand over the mouth, is the usual expression of 
 mystery or grief among the Indians. See Catlin. 
 19 
 
218 TANGORUA. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. They look down on you 
 from the stars; they float over you in the 
 clouds; they spring up at your feet in the 
 blades of grass ; they hang about you in the 
 leaves of the trees ; even now you can hear 
 their rustling voices in all the forest. 
 
 A Chorus of Voices. Hush-sh-sh ! 
 Weerahoochwee When the tired hunter 
 stops at a mountain spring to drink they are 
 there ; and when he lies down to rest in the 
 cool shade of a rock, they are there also e 
 They are in the blazing sun-beams, and in 
 the hoary frost; in the awful brightness of 
 lightning, and the noise of the thunder and 
 tempest, and in the darkness and silence, still 
 more awful. They were with our fathers 
 from the beginning ; they will be with all the 
 generations that come after us ; they are here 
 with us at this moment, listening to our 
 words, and observing our actions. 
 
 A Chorus of Voices. Hush-sh-sh. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. Let him who holds con 
 verse with these invisible spirits, and knows 
 their secrets, be called wise; and let him who 
 
TANGORUA. 219 
 
 can propitiate their favor, and command their 
 services, be called great and powerful. Who 
 is there among you whose voice is obeyed by 
 the elements? 
 
 1st Chief. None but "Weerahoochwee. 
 When the sky had given no rain till the 
 corn was all withered, and the streams were 
 dried up, and the deer could find no pas- 
 ture, he spoke, and immediately the clouds 
 gathered, the rain descended, and the earth 
 regained its life and freshness. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. Who is there among you 
 whose charm can lead the game captive, and 
 make them seek your weapons instead of 
 flying from them. 
 
 2d Chief. None but Weerahoochwee ! 
 Where he has cast his spells the deer and 
 the elk have stood still to receive our ar 
 rows ; bears and panthers have crouched at 
 our feet, fawning like dogs ; and fishes 
 have thronged into our nets, rejoicing to be 
 caught. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. Which of your chiefs or 
 old men can drive out the evil spirits that 
 
20 TANG OKU A. 
 
 torment the sick, or restore strength to the 
 limbs that are palsied ? 
 
 3d Chief. Not one among us! But we 
 have all witnessed the great deeds of Wee- 
 rahoochwee; when pain has vanished away 
 at his touch, and pestilence has been stayed 
 at his command, and warriors have risen up 
 before him, strong as ever, after their souls 
 had commenced the long journey to the land 
 of shades. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. Is not the man who can 
 do such things more than a brave chief, an 
 eloquent orator, or a grey-headed counsellor? 
 Will you not believe in his advice ? Will 
 you not trust to his power? 
 
 A Chorus of Voices. Jo-hah ! Jo-hah ! Jo- 
 hahl* 
 
 Weerahoochwee. Listen attentively then to 
 my words, for I have a great thing to tell 
 you. Let not fear enter your hearts; be 
 
 * Jo-hah is a loud shout or cry, consisting of a few 
 notes, pronounced in a yery musical manner by all the 
 Indians. It denotes approbation, and corresponds with 
 our " Huzza." See Col. Rcc. of Pa., Vol. IV., p. 701. 
 
TANGORUA. 221 
 
 strong; be vigilant; look around you; act 
 like men; what you do, do quickly, for the 
 times are dangerous and will not admit of 
 delay; do it effectually, and do it with all 
 possible despatch. Thus it becomes brave 
 warriors to act when dangers threaten and 
 difficulties are to be overcome. 
 
 A Chorus of Voices. Jo-hah! Jo-hah! Jo- 
 hah! 
 
 Weerdhoochwee. I was sleeping in my cave 
 at midnight, when the wild roaring of the 
 falls waked me. I listened; the spirits of 
 the waters were singing a song that filled my 
 heart with fear and anguish. I went out and 
 stood on the mountain top. The moon was 
 round and bright, and a single cloud hung 
 over the distant hills. It was of a strange 
 and monstrous shape. I watched its chang 
 ing colors, and followed it as it moved along 
 the sky; and the song of the water-spirits was 
 confirmed. When morning came I looked 
 upwards to see what messengers the spirits 
 of the air were sending ; and I saw hawks 
 
 and eagles flying swiftly along, high above 
 19* 
 
222 TANG OKU A. 
 
 the clouds. Again the song of the water- 
 spirits was confirmed. I tried many arts, 
 and wove many spells, and consulted many 
 powers, and the same answer was returned 
 by all. Shall I tell you the meaning of this 
 sound ? Will you believe it ? Are you pre 
 pared to follow its directions? 
 
 A Chorus of Voices. Jo-hah! Jo-hah! 
 Jo-hah! 
 
 Weerahoochwee. Let no man hereafter be 
 sure that the rock on which he stands will not 
 the next moment crumble into dust. Tan- 
 gorua is a traitor ! 
 
 1st Chief. [After a long pause ]. Why did 
 not Weerahoochwee know of this before it 
 happened ? Can he not look into the future 
 as well as the past ? 
 
 Weerahoochwee. Weerahoochwee knows all 
 that is to be known ; but the powers of good 
 and the powers of evil are forever struggling 
 for the mastery. The contest goes on in all 
 their dwelling-places, but most of all in the 
 hearts of men. How then could that be 
 known which had not yet been determined. 
 
TANGOKUA. 223 
 
 When Tangorua gave himself up to evil, it 
 was immediately revealed to me. But the 
 author of all this mischief is the white pow 
 wow the Christian teacher, the great de 
 ceiver of Indians. 
 
 1st Chief. Is his power greater than Wee- 
 rahooch wee s ? 
 
 Weerahoochwee. Have I not long baffled 
 his arts and made them harmless ? But he 
 has a daughter, whose skill is far greater. 
 She has bound the heart of "Weerahoochwee 
 with spells, from which no power of men, nor 
 of spirits can loose him. What shall be done 
 with those who employ such arts for your de 
 struction ? 
 
 Several Voices. They shall be burned at 
 the stake. 
 
 Weerahoochwee. What shall be done with 
 him who has surrendered himself to the 
 power of a woman, and betrayed us all to win 
 her favor ? 
 
 Several Voices. He shall die! We will 
 put them all to the torture ! 
 
 Weerahoochwee. Away, then ! Assemble 
 
224 TANGORUA. 
 
 your warriors ! Before the sun sets let me 
 see your prisoners ; and to-morrow their tor 
 ments shall appease the anger of the war-god. 
 A Chorus of Voices. Jo-hah ! Jo-hah ! 
 Jo-hah ! 
 
 [Exeunt~\ 
 
TANGORUA. 225 
 
 SECTION V. 
 
 Camp in the Indian Country. Vernon s Tent. Present, 
 Vernon and Lynford. 
 
 Vernon. Well, thus far we have come 
 without accident. The tedious part of our 
 work is over. Hereafter, I trust, we shall find 
 employment that will serve to keep our spirits 
 from flagging. 
 
 Lynford. A successful march without 
 doubt ; reflecting equal honor upon the per 
 severance of the troops and the foresight of 
 the general. 
 
 Vernon. Men who have acquitted them 
 selves so well, under circumstances so little 
 interesting, will, I think, not fail us when the 
 exhilaration of battle comes to inspire them. 
 
 Lynford. I hope it may prove so ; and that 
 your excellency s expectations will not be 
 disappointed. 
 
 Vernon. A want of precision in their 
 
226 TANGORUA. 
 
 manoeuvres, and of uniformity in their dress, 
 are well supplied, I think, by their knowledge 
 of the woods, and their skill with the rifle ; 
 for Indian fighting is more like squirrel hunt 
 ing, certainly, than like regular warfare in the 
 open field. 
 
 Lynford. Very true ! and your excellency 
 does well to rest upon these, since the ordi 
 nary elements of military life are, as it were, 
 in a measure wanting. 
 
 Vernon. Come, no more of this, Lynford. 
 It sounds strange to hear you using terms of 
 formality, and echoing another man s opinions. 
 Besides, I am tired of ceremony. Let us lay 
 aside our buckram manners, with our swords 
 and sashes. Let us talk like men, and not 
 like officers. Let the general, the excellency, 
 the aid-de-camp, vanish, and Lynford and 
 Yernon only remain, two old friends and 
 familiar companions. 
 
 Lynford. You have issued no order since 
 we left head-quarters, sir, that I have been 
 more ready to obey than this. I like it not, 
 
TANGORUA. 227 
 
 that my tongue should be mounted on stilts 
 any more than my legs. 
 
 Vernon. Well, your tongue being unbri 
 dled now may run wild as far and as fast as 
 it pleases. Go on, then; make up for lost 
 time; indulge freely after your loog absti 
 nence. 
 
 Lynford. You may well call it an absti 
 nence a famine a starvation, even. Why 
 sir, I have been in danger of suffocation, half- 
 a-dozen times a-day, for want of an oppor 
 tunity to laugh. And it is hard to tell 
 whether the officers, (always excepting the 
 general) or the soldiers, were most dangerous 
 in this respect; for whilst the former were 
 evidently scared at their own voices in giving 
 commands, the latter were almost sure to 
 turn in an opposite direction from that indi 
 cated. I was constantly reminded of the ma 
 noeuvres of a flock of sheep; for, as with 
 their woolly prototypes, those behind showed 
 a wonderful proclivity to imitate the absurd 
 movements of those in front ; and I am afraid 
 you will find in the hour of danger, that they 
 
228 TANG OKU A. 
 
 possess, like them, a great but exclusive con 
 fidence in their legs. 
 
 Vernon. Thus far, at least, we cannot com 
 plain of the use they have made of their legs, 
 for they have come along cheerfully and 
 quickly. 
 
 Lynford. Several times when deer hap 
 pened to run by, squads broke incontinently 
 from the ranks, and gave chase ; and the pop 
 ping of rifles at squirrels and other small 
 game might be heard all day long. 
 
 Vernon. And I will venture to say they 
 seldom missed their mark. 
 
 Lynford. They cheerfully obey all com 
 mands that they consider reasonable ; and to 
 enable them to judge, they always make free 
 to ask the reason why. When difficulties 
 occurred, the mode of dealing with them was 
 determined by the voice of the majority ; and 
 if you find one of these mornings, that the 
 same authority has determined in favor of 
 marching eastward, you will find your repub 
 licanism put to a new test. 
 
TANGOKUA. 229 
 
 Vernon. I see you cannot comprehend the 
 idea of a republican soldiery. 
 
 Lynford. No, sir; and never expect to. 
 The soldier has no business with an intellect 
 at all. His fitness for his duties may be mea 
 sured by the inverse ratio of his humanity; 
 for, says the adage, the worse the man the 
 better the soldier. If he has any will, it must 
 be broken down ; if he has any opinions, he 
 must be required to give them up. He has 
 no more need to think for himself than the 
 powder he uses; it is the business of both 
 whenever the match is applied to go off. Such 
 elements joined together into a battalion 
 make up a formidable monster. When set 
 in motion, you can tell before hand precisely 
 what it will do; just as you can anticipate 
 the behavior of any other beast, when you 
 once know the species. 
 
 Vernon. If you limit your description to 
 the mercenary soldier, I will not dispute 
 with you. His best model will perhaps be 
 found in a wild beast, just enough subdued 
 
 to fear and obey the rod of his keeper. But 
 20 
 
230 T A N G O R U A. 
 
 you must not apply this to freemen contend 
 ing for their rights and liberties. They are 
 not to be treated as souless brutes, nor used 
 as unreasoning machines. The cause they 
 fight in is their own ; and the devotion arising 
 from this consciousness, compensates a thou 
 sand times for the want of servility. But, 
 Lynford, I am going to entrust you with an 
 important and delicate duty. Zangenberg 
 and his daughter cannot be safe in the midst 
 of these disturbances. It is necessary to get 
 them under our protection before we proceed 
 farther. You will therefore select a suitable 
 corps, in the morning, proceed to the Mission 
 and bring them in. Very likely they will 
 object to coming ; they will say there is no 
 danger ; will refuse to leave their field of 
 labor. But whilst you treat them with all 
 possible delicacy obey their directions and 
 gratify their wishes in all else see that you 
 accomplish your main purpose ; in any case, 
 and at all events, bring them with you. 
 
 Lynford. Good ! I like to hear words that 
 march straight up to a conclusion. These 
 
TANGORUA. 231 
 
 are the most martial sounds I have heard 
 during all this famous campaign. The com 
 mission suits my taste exactly. I have a 
 natural propensity to act the part of a knight 
 errant. I am confident that I was born to 
 achieve some great adventure. From my 
 boyhood I have sighed for an opportunity to 
 peril my life in the defence or rescue of some 
 distressed damsel. Aye, sir, I am transported 
 back to the days of chivalry. Why not ? It 
 is but turning the hands of the clock back 
 some half dozen centuries ; imagining this the 
 land of Palestine, our red skined foes the 
 Saracens, and ourselves Louises, Eichards, 
 and Baldwins and behold ! all the romance 
 and glory of the Crusades are ours. But here 
 comes one of our scouts ; no doubt he brings 
 news of the enemy. 
 
 [Enter a soldier .] 
 
 Soldier. I come to inform you that the 
 Indians have attacked the Mission and carried 
 off all the whites. By the advice of Wee- 
 rahoochwee, the powow prophet or magician, 
 they have also seized Tangorua, whom they 
 
232 TANG OKU A. 
 
 suspect of treachery ; and it is their purpose, 
 as a friendly Indian informed us, to offer him 
 up together with the old missionary and his 
 daughter, as a sacrifice to the god of war. 
 
 Vernon. [To LynfordJ] This makes the 
 affair critical. Select your men immediately) 
 and make haste ; you may yet be in time to 
 prevent the consummation of their horrid pur 
 pose. 
 
 Lynford. All that activity and zeal can 
 do shall be done. Two of them at least I 
 hope to bring with me ; as to Tangorua, if I 
 should be too late to save him, why then he 
 cannot be saved, that s all. 
 
 Vernon. Understand me, sir ; your orders 
 are imperative, to rescue all if possible the 
 Indian chief no less than the others. 
 
 Lynford. Your orders shall be obeyed, 
 general, to the letter. [Exitl\ 
 
 Vernon. Strange complication of events ! 
 That the duty of saving this man from the 
 torture, should fall upon me. But never shall 
 my private griefs interfere with the discharge 
 of my public duties. This man may become 
 
T A N G O R U A. 233 
 
 the medium of restoring peace and friendship. 
 But all considerations of duty aside, how 
 would it become me to treat him as a rival, 
 and to use my station to overreach him? 
 What would self-respect, what would pride, 
 what would vanity even, say to such a pro 
 ceeding ? [Exit^ 
 
234 TANGOKUA. 
 
 SECTION VI. 
 
 At same place. Vernon sitting in his tent. Enter 
 B Lynford. 
 
 Lynford. [Throwing down his swordJ] Lie 
 there, thou gilded mockery ! for a butcher- 
 knife, a meat-axe, a red-hot poker any 
 devilish emblem of cruelty that I might 
 honestly decorate myself according to the 
 character I represent ! 
 
 Vernon. Pray, sir, and what character is 
 that? 
 
 Lynford. The character of a soldier, 
 general. My eyes have been most marvel 
 lously opened. I now see that the divinity I 
 have so long worshipped, under the names of 
 honor, glory, chivalry, victory, is an unmiti 
 gated hypocrite. I have at last seen the 
 genius of war in his native shape unso 
 phisticated, unadorned and a monster of 
 hell I have found him. 
 
 Vernon. Will you be good enough to 
 
TANGORUA. 235 
 
 bring down your discourse to the level of a 
 plain man s understanding ? 
 
 Lynford. What mean the gay uniforms, 
 the silken banners, the unruffled plumes of 
 civilized warfare? Why do we polish our 
 weapons, as if their only business was to 
 reflect the sunbeams, and accompany our 
 marches with music, which awakens the 
 spirit of dance and revelry? Why do we 
 surround ourselves with all the appliances of 
 taste, of vanity, and of sentiment? Why 
 seek all that is exhilarating in sight, or 
 sound, or motion? It is that we may de 
 ceive ourselves, and disguise the real horrors 
 of our trade. All this pomp and splendor is 
 a gilded lie ; we know it, and are content to 
 strut the stage of life, deceivers of ourselves 
 and others. I tell you, I have seen war 
 stripped of its spurious trappings and accom 
 paniments, and it is a revel of furies; a 
 manufactory of woes and torments ; a school 
 of instruction for demons ; and the sooner the 
 bottomless pit yawns and engulfs the last of 
 its votaries, the better. 
 
236 TANGORUA. 
 
 Vernon. Wliat means all this ? Have you 
 not been successful ? Just as I was starting 
 to your assistance, I learned that the captives 
 were already rescued. Have you not brought 
 them free and safe? 
 
 Lynford. Free and safe they are ; and, ex 
 cept Tangorua, unharmed. But with his 
 name are henceforth associated horrors that 
 will haunt my dreams through life. Part I 
 saw; from eye-witnesses I learned the rest; 
 and the tale runs thus : As if in mockery of 
 all our notions of gentleness and mercy, the 
 chief actors in this scene were women. A 
 band of them, armed with fat pine knots, 
 escorted Tangorua to the place of execution, 
 beating and prodding him most barbarously, 
 amid jeers and laughter at every step. Ar 
 rived at the accursed spot, a grape-vine was 
 fastened, one end to his neck and the other 
 high up to the limb of a tree, allowing him a 
 course of ten or fifteen yards round. At a 
 given signal, a pile of combustibles at the 
 foot of the tree was fired, and the women 
 lighted their pine torches. Scorched by the 
 
TANGORUA. 237 
 
 fire, the unhappy victim rushed out to the 
 full length of his grape-vine, to be met there 
 by a score of blazing fires in the hands of his 
 executioners. With the fury of a wild beast, 
 with champing teeth and flaming eye-balls, 
 he now courses round the circle, enacting 
 every part that the highest courage, the most 
 raging fury, and the blackest despair can 
 prompt. Thus is he driven back and forth, 
 again and again, whilst unspeakable pleasure 
 fills the exulting crowd of spectators. 
 
 Vernon. Happily the powers of nature 
 could not long sustain such treatment. 
 
 Lynford. Ay, Tangorua soon sank ex 
 hausted; but his fell tormentors were not 
 thus to be baffled of their sport. Cold water 
 was now poured over him; he was rubbed 
 and soothed, and nursed into new life; and 
 when sufficiently restored, compelled to run 
 the same course over. Twice had he been 
 thus restored, and still the infernal rites went 
 on, when we arrived, and dashed into the 
 circle. 
 
238 TANGORUA. 
 
 Vernon. And what of the other captives, 
 meanwhile ? 
 
 Lynford. The old missionary and his 
 daughter were bound close by, awaiting their 
 turn, no doubt, at the stake. "We found them 
 unharmed by external violence, but greatly 
 shocked by the dreadful scene they had been 
 compelled to witness. The instigator of all 
 these mischiefs, Weerahoochwee the prophet 
 was slain in the skirmish that ensued. 
 Placing Tangorua on a litter, we have brought 
 him forward alive, though miserably scorched 
 and mangled. But hark ! they are coming ; 
 you shall soon see all for yourself. 
 
 Vernon. Let Tangorua be brought in here ; 
 and direct the surgeon to come immediately. 
 See also that the others are conducted to the 
 tent prepared for them. [Exit LynfordJ] 
 
 [Soldiers bring in the litter with Tangorua. 
 Enter surgeon and others following -.] 
 Gently, my friends ; lay him on this softest 
 bed of skins ; and let all possible means be 
 used for his restoration. 
 
 Surgeon. [After feeling his pulse and ex- 
 
TANGORUA. 239 
 
 amining his wounds .] There is still life here, 
 but the last embers are almost consumed. 
 We may re-produce a transient flash, but to 
 restore the flame permanently is out of the 
 question ; there is no fuel left to support it. 
 
 Vernon. Apply whatever means your skill 
 suggests for his revival. Possibly nature may 
 yet rally, for he was a man of extraordinary 
 vigor. 
 
 Surgeon. [Administering a cordial^ See ! 
 he opens his eyes and begins to breathe more 
 freely. Whatever you have to say to him, 
 say it quickly, for this little blaze will soon 
 end in darkness. 
 
 Vernon. Tangorua, my brother, be of good 
 cheer! You are here safe among friends. 
 We will dress your wounds and soon restore 
 you to full life, and you shall live in safety 
 and honor among our people. 
 
 Tangorua. [Gazing wild around.} I had 
 passed through all the red man could inflict, 
 and bore it as became a great chief. But 
 he is ignorant and clumsy, arid knows only 
 to burn, to bruise, and to mangle ; the white 
 
240 TANGOKUA. 
 
 man is wise and skilful, and his deepest 
 studies have been employed in devising 
 sharper instruments of torture. He knows 
 how to follow the spirit of life into its most 
 delicate lurking places, and to extract the last 
 thrill of anguish. Make haste then ; bring on 
 your screws, and wheels, and vices, and see 
 how a brave warrior can laugh at them. 
 Why do you delay? have I not insulted 
 your chiefs, broken up your councils, con 
 spired to destroy all your race? All but 
 ONE, and she, Ay, for her I would have 
 spared all the rest. But come on make 
 haste the ghost of my father beckons me to 
 the land of shades. Quick, then, or your 
 delay will rob my death of half its glory. 
 
 Vernon. My poor friend, you mistake 
 alike our characters and our purpose. We 
 have, here indeed, many preparations for heal 
 ing wounds and for soothing pain, but no 
 implements of torture. 
 
 Tangorua. 0, why then did you not leave 
 me in the hands of my own people? An 
 evil spirit had taken possession of me, and it 
 
TANGOKUA. 241 
 
 was necessary to drive him out with fire. 
 Then had the honor of my name been re 
 stored on earth, and my spirit made fit to 
 enter the celestial hunting grounds. 
 
 Vernon. Surely you have learned a better 
 lesson than this from your Christian teachers ; 
 how one great sacrifice was made for all man 
 kind; and how the Divine Master requires 
 not offerings from his children, but faith and 
 obedience. 
 
 Tangorua. The memory of these things 
 comes over my soul like a dream of para 
 dise ; I was told of Him, the Great Spirit who 
 walked the earth in the form of a man; I 
 believed in Him, and vowed to serve Him all 
 my days. But I broke my vow and deserted 
 His cause. How then could He receive me 
 as one of His disciples ? Would He not 
 rather frown darkly upon me as a renegade ? 
 
 Vernon. Were you not also told, my un 
 happy friend, that the Great Shepherd is ever 
 seeking His lost sheep, and receives back with 
 joy wanderers from His fold. 
 
 Tangorua. Wanderers! yes I have been 
 21 
 
242 TANGORUA. 
 
 wandering up and down all my days, and 
 have found no rest; for great things have 
 perplexed me. I loved the white man, and 
 would gladly have lived at peace with him ; 
 but when I came to believe that his prosperity 
 would cause the destruction of my own peo 
 ple, how could I hesitate between them? 
 I loved the teachings of my Christian fathers ; 
 but the faith and traditions of my ancestors, 
 had grown up with me from childhood, and 
 I could not shake them off. I loved HEE, 
 too, though of a different race ; but I knew 
 that my love would destroy her. So have I 
 seen a cloud driven to and fro by contending 
 winds; beaten into strange shapes, twisted 
 and torn with violence ; and at last scattered 
 in fragments through the air. Ah! had I 
 but remained when a youth, in my father s 
 wigwam ; or had I been born a white man ; 
 had I known but one religious creed from the 
 beginning ; had I loved among the daughters 
 of my own people ; how calmly then might 
 my spirit have floated down the stream of life, 
 until in the far distance it had vanished, 
 
TANGORUA. 243 
 
 brightly and gloriously, into the land of 
 shades. But my people, my people will also 
 be bewildered will lose themselves will 
 perish in attempting to follow the strange 
 lights that are everywhere gleaming around 
 them. All now is darkness ; but visions a 
 confused procession are passing before me. 
 Civilization the wild life of the wilderness 
 Great Spirit of the red man God of the 
 white man Eedeemer, Saviour whither 
 shall I turn ? where can my troubled thoughts 
 find [Dies.] 
 
 /Surgeon. He is gone ! his troubled thoughts 
 are at rest from all the labors, good or evil, of 
 this world. 
 
 Vernon. And his Maker alone shall judge 
 him. A noble spirit, he seemed, led astray 
 by conflicting views of duty; whose worst 
 errors flowed from a virtuous fountain. Had 
 he lived to attain clearer views, and more 
 settled principles, he might have been the 
 luminary of his people, to lead them to a 
 happier destiny. Such another, I fear, is not 
 left behind him. 
 
244 T A N G R U A. 
 
 [Another part of the encampment. A tent 
 opens, disclosing within Zangenberg, reclining on 
 a bed, Miriam, and others."] 
 
 Zangenberg. Happy lie who is permitted to 
 leave the stage of life when his part is finished ! 
 and thus mercifully is the great Disposer about 
 to deal with me. But 0, my child ! my heart 
 is very heavy for thee. How can I leave 
 thee without a protector in this wilderness, 
 which the cruel passions of men have now 
 made more fearful than a den of wild beasts ? 
 
 Miriam. Be composed, dear father! you 
 need rest. A little sleep will chase away these 
 gloomy shadows. And be not troubled on 
 my account ; we are in the hands of those who 
 will take good care of us. The commander 
 of these forces is Vernon, your former pupil. 
 
 Zangenberg. The Lord be praised for all 
 his goodness: in wrath he has remembered 
 mercy. The only thorn is removed from my 
 dying pillow, and I shall now depart in peace. 
 The son of my early friend, Yernon, grew up 
 as a goodly plant under my care; and his 
 manhood, I have heard, has fully realized the 
 
T A N G O K U A. 245 
 
 rich promise of his youth. With entire con 
 fidence I entrust him with the charge of 
 placing you in safety among your friends. 
 But tell me what became of Tangorua. When 
 I last saw him, the dreadful spectacle so 
 blasted and blinded my eyes that they long 
 refused to perform their office. Was he also 
 rescued? or did he perish among his tor 
 mentors ? 
 
 Miriam. He was rescued and brought here 
 with us, and is now in a tent close by. But 
 here comes Yernon ; he can tell you of his 
 present condition. {Enter Vernon. ] 
 
 Vernon. I am rejoiced, my friends, that 
 our efforts in your behalf have not been in 
 vain. What can we do to make you more 
 comfortable ? 
 
 Zangenberg. Many thanks for your care 
 and kindness, my dear sir, but we have all 
 the comforts our situation admits of. But how 
 is it with Tangorua ? Have they ruined him ? 
 or is it possible yet to restore him ? 
 
 Vernon. Tangorua s sufferings are over; 
 
 he is gone, let us hope, where the wicked 
 21* 
 
24:6 TANG OKU A. 
 
 cease from troubling and the weary are at 
 rest. The soldiers are now digging his grave 
 and preparing to give him a decent burial. 
 But I have come, my friends, to say, that as 
 soon as you have refreshed yourselves, and 
 regained strength enough, an escort will be 
 ready to conduct you eastward. 
 
 Zangenberg. Most gratefully, my young 
 friend and beloved pupil, do I accept your 
 kind offer in behalf of my dear child. To 
 your care I commit her ; and may God deal 
 with you according to the kindness you shall 
 show her. But for me, let them dig my grave 
 beside Tangorua s. Here my labors end, and 
 here my bones shall repose. Had the great 
 work still prospered, I might have endured 
 the storms of some winters, and the. toils of 
 many seasons yet. But now all my plans are 
 thwarted; the fruit of my labors is utterly 
 destroyed ; my hopes have perished ; my 
 heart is broken ; and I feel that God, in his 
 mercy, is about to permit me to lay down a 
 life which henceforth could only be a grievous 
 and a useless burden. 
 
T A N G R U A. 247 
 
 Vernon. I pray you, sir, shake off these 
 gloomy thoughts. Peace will soon be re 
 stored, and you will then be able to resume, 
 and I trust long to pursue, your labors of 
 love. 
 
 Zangenlerg. Nay, I have long been enter 
 tained with idle projects and delusive dreams, 
 but all that is passed forever. Too presump 
 tuously, perhaps, have I trusted to my own 
 wisdom in this pursuit ; and it may be that I 
 have meditated the use of means which 
 Heaven could not approve. But vain and 
 impotent are man s utmost efforts to disturb 
 the all-pervading government of the Supreme 
 Kuler. What then ? Have my labors been 
 wholly useless? God forbid! He who can 
 compel even the wrath of man to praise him, 
 can also, and much rather, overrule for good 
 the well-meant errors of his followers. And 
 whilst he thus accomplishes the ends we 
 aimed at, but knew not how to attain, may 
 we not hope that our integrity of purpose 
 will be allowed to redeem our want of wis 
 dom, and that the reward promised to faithful 
 
24:8 T A N G O R U A. 
 
 servants will not be withheld, all erroneous 
 though our efforts may have been ? 
 
 Vernon. At least, sir, the seed you have 
 sown will, without doubt, produce abundant 
 fruits, though you may not live to gather in 
 all the harvest. 
 
 Zangenberg. Ah! would to God I could 
 think so! Long have I struggled against 
 the conviction, but at last I must own that 
 I have found the red man s nature fixed and 
 unchangeable. It were, I fear, almost as 
 easy to mould into new forms the rocks and 
 hills among which he dwells. Meanwhile, 
 changes have begun around him which can 
 not be stayed. This wilderness will disap 
 pear; and cities, gardens, cultivated fields, 
 will rise in its stead ; and the hum of civili 
 zation will fill the land. Will the red man 
 be able to conform himself to this new order 
 of things ? Will he bear transplanting from 
 his native forests ? But I feel that the tide 
 of life is fast ebbing away. Miriam, my 
 daughter, my best beloved, come near, that I 
 may once more bless you, and commit you 
 
T A N G O K U A. 249 
 
 finally to your Heavenly Father s holy keep 
 ing I And now, my child, let your voice be 
 the last earthly sound that reaches my ear. 
 Sing to me such words as are fit to shape the 
 dying thoughts of a Christian. 
 
 Miriam. [Sings J] 
 
 * % * * * * 
 
 Vernon. Most fitly does such a death 
 crown a life like his ! Wafted on the pin 
 ions of sacred song, his spirit has returned 
 to God who gave it. 
 
 [Miriam, perceiving that he is dead, falls upon 
 his neck, weeping."] 
 
 THE END. 
 

NOTES. 
 
 (i.) 
 
 PAET FIKST, SECTION FIRST, PAGE TWENTY. 
 " Knives, Tomahawks and Jewsharps," &c- 
 
 IN dealing with, the Indians, the character 
 of the goods was of course adapted to the 
 demands of the market. They received such 
 articles as their tastes and habits led them to 
 prefer ; and it would have been absurd to 
 have forced on them better things, which 
 they could not appreciate. Yet who can 
 remember, without a feeling of sadness, that 
 it was for considerations like the following 
 
252 
 
 NOTE T. 
 
 that whole nations sold the homes of their 
 fathers ? 
 
 Gunpowder, Tobacco-tongs, 
 
 Bed-lace, Hum, 
 
 Assorted Kings Kuffled Shirts, 
 
 Yermillion, Trimmed Coats, 
 
 Morris Bells, Laced Hats, 
 
 Scarlet Garters, Scissors, 
 
 Bar Lead, Combs, 
 
 Guns, Tobacco-pipes, &c., Jointed Babies, 
 
 Striped Duffield Blankets, Looking Glasses, 
 Jewsharps. 
 
 The Colonial Eecords of Pennsylvania 
 contain innumerable accounts of such lists of 
 goods being paid to the Indians for lands, or 
 presented to them as peace-offerings. 
 
(2.) 
 
 PAET FIEST, SECTION" FOURTH, PAGE FORTY- 
 EIGHT. 
 
 "I shall go to Lancaster therefore, though most 
 reluctantly," &c. 
 
 IN the first days of the Province, the In 
 dians were accustomed to come to Philadel 
 phia, when consultations were to be held; 
 but after a time they began to insist under 
 various pretexts, that the white chiefs should 
 go part of the way to meet them. This was 
 sometimes done with great reluctance. Gov 
 ernor Denny, for instance, when urged on 
 one occasion by his Council and the Assem 
 bly, to go on such an expedition to Easton, 
 expressed great dissatisfaction at the journey, 
 and " thought it ridiculous to humor the 
 
 Indians in such a manner, and that no treaty 
 22 
 
254 NOTE II. 
 
 should be held with them out of the city; 
 however, since it was deemed necessary, he 
 would, though unwillingly, undertake the 
 journey." 
 
 Conferences were accordingly held from 
 time to time at Lancaster, Easton, Eeading, 
 Harris Ferry, (now Harrisburg,) &c. The 
 proceedings on these occasions are recorded 
 at length in the Colonial Eecords, and con 
 tain many fine specimens of Indian eloquence. 
 At the treaty held at Lancaster in 1744, by 
 the Governor of Pennsylvania, and Commis 
 sioners for the Province of Virginia and 
 Maryland, with the Six Nations, there was 
 much speaking on both sides ; and the efforts 
 of the Indians certainly will not suffer by 
 comparison with those of their white breth 
 ren in any respect whatever. The reader 
 may not be displeased to see a specimen or 
 two. 
 
 The Virginia Commissioners one day 
 
NOTE II. 255 
 
 reminded the Indians that the great King 
 held Virginia by right of conquest; and 
 reproved them sharply for their conduct 
 towards the Catawbas. This was replied to 
 on the following day by Grachadaw ; who in 
 the course of a speech delivered, as the 
 reporter says, "with a strong voice and 
 proper action," touched on these points as 
 follows : 
 
 " Brother Assaraquoa : 
 
 " The world at the first was made on the 
 other side of the great water different from 
 what it is on this side, as may be known 
 from the different color of our skin and of 
 our flesh, and that which you call Justice 
 may not be so amongst us. You have your 
 laws and customs, and so have we. The 
 great King might send you over to conquer 
 the Indians, but it looks to us that God did 
 not approve of it ; if he had, he would not 
 
256 NOTE II. 
 
 have placed the sea where it is, as the limits 
 between us and you." 
 
 " Brother Assaraquoa : 
 
 " Though great things are well remem 
 bered among us, yet we don t remember that 
 we were ever conquered by the great King, 
 or that we have been employed by that 
 great King to conquer others. If it was so, 
 it is beyond our memory. We do remember 
 we were employed by Maryland to conquer 
 the Conestogos, and that the second time we 
 were at war with them, we carried them all 
 off." 
 
 * * # # 
 
 " We have confirmed the peace with the 
 Cherokees, but not with the Catawbas. 
 They have been treacherous, and know it, 
 so that the war must continue till one of us 
 is destroyed. This we think proper to tell 
 you, that you may not be troubled at what 
 we do to the Catawbas." , 
 
NOTE II. 257 
 
 But the great orator of this occasion was 
 the famous Onondago Chief, Cannassatego. 
 His speeches are especially remarkable for 
 clear statement and exact method. His re 
 plies take up the various topics of a long 
 speech, with as much formality as a diplo 
 matic despatch. They abound, also, in bold 
 imagery and sagacious reflections. At the 
 close of the treaty, he made a farewell speech, 
 ending with these remarks, on a subject 
 which has, in recent times, exercised the 
 powers of most of our orators, great and 
 small. Perhaps it will be agreed, that none 
 of them have spoken more to the purpose 
 than their red predecessor. 
 
 " We have one thing further to say, and 
 that is, we heartily recommend union and a 
 good agreement between you and your 
 brethren. Never disagree ; but preserve a 
 strict friendship for one another ; and thereby 
 
 you as well as we will become the stronger. 
 22* 
 
258 NOTE II. 
 
 u Our wise forefathers established union 
 and amity between the Five Nations; this 
 has made us formidable ; this has given us 
 great weight and authority with our neigh 
 boring nations. 
 
 " We are a powerful confederacy ; and by 
 your observing the same methods our wise 
 forefathers have taken, you will acquire fresh 
 strength and power ; therefore, whatever be- 
 fals you, never fall out with one another." 
 
 In 1752, a dispute arose between the 
 Delawares and the Proprietaries, respecting 
 certain lands in the forks of the Delaware. 
 A large delegation from the Six Nations, 
 with Cannassatego at their head, having 
 come to Philadelphia, this matter was taken 
 into consideration. It is well known that 
 the Six Nations claimed absolute dominion 
 over the Delawares, whom they had formerly 
 conquered. All the parties being assembled 
 in council, Cannassatego first addressed the 
 
NOTE II. 259 
 
 governor, stating that the chiefs of the Six 
 Nations had carefully examined the question, 
 and "perused all the papers," and that they 
 saw with their own eyes that the Delawares 
 were a very unruly people, and were alto 
 gether in the wrong. 
 
 Then turning to the Delawares present, 
 holding a belt of wampum in his hand, he 
 rebuked them in the following imperious 
 language : 
 
 " Cousins, 
 
 " Let this belt of wampum serve to chas 
 tise you ; you ought to be taken by the hair 
 of the head and sliaked severely till you re 
 cover your senses and become sober ; you 
 don t know what ground you stand on, nor 
 what you are doing. Our brother Onas case 
 is very just and plain, and his intentions to 
 preserve friendship ; on the other hand, your 
 cause is bad, your heart far from being up- 
 
260 NOTE II. 
 
 right, and you are maliciously bent to break 
 the chain of friendship with our brother Onas* 
 We have seen with our eyes a deed signed 
 by nine of your ancestors, above fifty years 
 ago, for this very land, and a release, signed 
 not many years since by some of yourselves 
 and chiefs now living, to the number of 
 fifteen or upwards But how came you to 
 take upon you to sell land at all? "We con 
 quered you, we made women of you; you 
 know you are women, and can no more sell 
 land than women. Nor is it fit you should 
 have the power of selling lands, since you 
 would abuse it. This land that you claim 
 is gone through your guts. You have 
 been furnished with clothes, and meat arid 
 drink, by the goods paid you for it, and 
 now you want it again, like children, as 
 you are. But what makes you sell land in 
 the dark? Did you ever tell us that you 
 had sold this land ? Did we ever receive 
 
NOTE II. 261 
 
 any part, even the value of a pipe shank, 
 from you for it ? You have told us a blind 
 story, that you sent a messenger to us to 
 inform us of the sale; but he never came 
 among us, nor we never heard any thing 
 about it. This is acting in the dark, and 
 very different from the conduct our Six. 
 Nations observe in their sales of land. On 
 such occasions they give public notice and 
 invite all the Indians of their united nations, 
 and give them a share of the present they 
 receive for their lands. This is the behavior 
 of the wise united nations ; but we find you 
 are none of our blood. You act a dishonest 
 part not only in this but in other matters. 
 Your ears are ever open to slanderous re 
 ports about our brethren. 
 * * * * -x- * * 
 
 And for all these reasons we charge you to 
 remove instantly. We don t give you the 
 liberty to think about it. You are women; 
 
262 NOTE II. 
 
 take the advice of a wise man and remove 
 immediately. You may return to the other 
 side of the Delaware where you came from, 
 but we don t know whether, considering how 
 you have demeaned yourselves, you will be 
 permitted to live there, or whether you have 
 not swallowed that land down your throats as 
 well as the land on this side. "We, therefore, 
 assign you two places to go either to Wyo 
 ming or Shamokin. You may go to either 
 of these places and then we shall have you 
 more under our eye, and shall see how you 
 behave. Don t deliberate, but remove away 
 and take this belt of wampum. 
 
 " After our just reproof and absolute order 
 to depart from the land, you are now to take 
 notice of what we have further to say to you. 
 This string of wampum serves to forbid you, 
 your children and grand-children, to the 
 latest posterity, from ever meddling in land 
 affairs ; neither you, nor any who shall des- 
 
NOTE II. 263 
 
 cend from you, are ever hereafter to presume 
 to sell any land; for which purpose you are 
 to preserve this string, in memory of what 
 your uncles have this day given you in 
 charge. We have some other business to 
 transact with our brethren ; therefore, depart 
 the Council, and consider what has been said 
 to you." 
 
 Does not this remind the reader of Lord 
 Chatham ? 
 
 But Cannessatego was not only a statesman 
 and an orator, but a humorist as well. The 
 Six Nations were much courted by the 
 French, and hence every means was used 
 to keep them steady to the English interest. 
 In this spirit Governor Thomas, at the Lan 
 caster treaty, before mentioned, informed the 
 Indians, with much ostentation, that the Eng 
 lish had just gained two great victories over 
 the French, one on land and one at sea. 
 Cannessatego, after replying to other parts of 
 
264 NOTE II. 
 
 the governor s speech, turned this point to 
 account thus : 
 
 " You tell us you beat the French ; if so, 
 you must have taken a great deal of rum 
 from them, and can the better spare us some 
 of that liquor, to make us rejoice with you 
 in the victory." 
 
 The governor and commissioners there 
 upon ordered a dram of rum to be given to 
 each in a small glass, calling it a French glass. 
 But on the following day, when they were 
 about to separate, Cannessatego said : " We 
 mentioned to you yesterday the booty you 
 had taken from the French, and asked you 
 for some of the rum which we supposed to 
 be part of it, and you gave us some, but it 
 turned out unfortunately that you gave us it 
 in French glasses ; we desire now you will 
 give us some in English glasses." 
 
 To which the governor made answer: 
 " We are glad to hear you have such a dis- 
 
NOTE II. 265 
 
 like for what is French. They cheat you in 
 your glasses as well as in every thing else; 
 Then, after remarking that his supply of rum 
 was nearly exhausted, he added : " But not 
 withstanding this, we have enough left to 
 fill our English glasses, and will show the 
 difference between the narrowness of the 
 French and the generosity of the English 
 toward you." 
 
 The Indians then gave in their order five 
 Jo-hah s, says the Record, and the Honorable 
 governor and commissioners calling for some 
 rum and some middle-sized wine-glasses, 
 drank health to the great King of England 
 and the Six Nations, and put an end to the 
 treaty by three loud huzzas, in which all 
 the company joined. See Colonial Records of 
 Pa., Vol. IV., p. 698, &c. 
 
 23 
 
(3.) 
 
 PART THIRD, SECTION SECOND, PAGE FIFTY- 
 THREE. 
 
 " The first hostile incursions," &c. 
 
 IN December, 1755, the Secretary read 
 before the Council a narrative of the incur 
 sions and ravages made by the French and 
 Indians within the Province of Pennsylvania 
 up to that time. After detailing various 
 acts of depredation and murder, he concludes 
 as follows : 
 
 11 This is a brief account of the progress 
 of these savages since the eighteenth day of 
 October last, on ivhich day was committed the 
 first inroad ever made by the Indians upon this 
 Province since its first settlement, and in con- 
 
NOTE III. 267 
 
 sequence hereof all our frontier country, 
 which, extends from the Eiver Potomac to 
 the River Delaware, not less than one hun 
 dred and fifty miles in length, and between 
 twenty and thirty in breadth, but not fully 
 settled, has been entirely deserted, the houses 
 and improvements reduced to ashes, the 
 cattle, horses, grain, goods and effects of the 
 inhabitants either destroyed, burned or car 
 ried off by the Indians. Whilst the poor 
 planters, with their wives, children and ser 
 vants, who could get away, being without 
 arms or any kind of defence, have been 
 obliged, in this severe season of the year, to 
 abandon their habitations naked, and with 
 out any support, and throw themselves on 
 the charity of the other inhabitants within 
 the interior parts of the Province, upon 
 whom they are a very heavy burthen. 
 
 " Such shocking descriptions are given 
 by those who have escaped, of the horrid 
 
268 NOTE III. 
 
 cruelties and indecencies committed by these 
 merciless savages on the bodies of the un 
 happy wretches who fell into their barbarous 
 hands, without regard to sex or age, as far 
 exceeds those related of the most abandoned 
 pirates, which has occasioned a general con 
 sternation, and has struck so great a panic 
 and damp upon the spirits of the people, 
 that hitherto they have not been able to 
 make any considerable resistance or stand 
 against the Indians. 
 
 "All our accounts agree in this, that the 
 French, since the defeat of General Braddock, 
 have gained over to their interest the Dela- 
 wares, Shawanese, and many other Indian 
 nations formerly in our alliance : and on 
 whom, through fear, and their large promises 
 of rewards for scalps, and assurances of 
 reinstating them in the possession of the 
 lands they have sold to the English, they 
 have prevailed to take up arms against u>, 
 
NOTE III. 269 
 
 and to join heartily with them in the execu 
 tion of the grand scheme they have been 
 long meditating of obtaining the possession, 
 of all the country between the river Ohio 
 and the river Susquehanna," &c. 
 
 The strong assertion of Bancroft, that "not 
 one drop of Quaker blood was ever shed by 
 an Indian," will of course be received in a 
 general sense only; unless statements like 
 the following should incline the reader to 
 construe it more literally. 
 
 " It appears that the Quakers, who never 
 used weapons of war like other people, but 
 lived in a defenceless state, were marked as 
 it were, for preservation by those very 
 Indians, who were carrying death and de. 
 str action among all the other settlers pro 
 miscuously, wherever an opportunity was 
 afforded them. Three instances, however, 
 occur in the Journal of Thomas Chalkley, 
 
 where persons belonging to the Society were 
 23* 
 
270 NOTE III. 
 
 killed; but it is remarkable that in every 
 one of these, they suffered, becaiise, having 
 out of fear abandoned their own great prin 
 ciple. In the case before us, they gave the 
 Indians reason to suppose that, though they 
 appeared to be outwardly, yet they had 
 ceased to be real Quakers. " Among the 
 many hundreds," says Thomas Chalkley, 
 " that were slain, I heard of but three of our 
 Friends being killed, whose destruction was 
 very remarkable, as I was informed. The 
 one was a woman, and the other two were 
 men. The men used to go to their labor 
 without any weapons, and trusted to the 
 Almighty, and depended on his providence 
 to protect them (it being their principle not 
 to use weapons of war to offend others or to 
 defend themselves): but a spirit of distrust 
 taking place, they took weapons of war to 
 defend themselves ; and the Indians who had 
 seen them several times without them, let 
 
NOTE III. 271 
 
 them alone, saying, they were peaceable 
 men and hurt nobody, therefore, they would 
 not hurt them ; but now seeing them have 
 guns, and supposing they designed to kill 
 the Indians, they therefore shot them dead." 
 And so on, respecting the woman, whose 
 case was similar. See Clarion s Life of 
 Penn, p. 353. 
 
(4.) 
 
 PART FOURTH, SECTION" FIRST, PAGE EIGHTY 
 
 NINE. 
 
 " A ship arrived from England," &c. 
 
 THE assemblies and the governors of the 
 province, as it is well known, were constantly 
 at variance. I have endeavored to exhibit 
 the tone and spirit of these disputes, and 
 have not scrupled sometimes to use the very 
 language of the disputants. At no time did 
 the spirit display itself in a more extraordi 
 nary manner, than on the occasion here 
 referred to. A large part of the province 
 was already laid desolate, and Philadelphia 
 itself was in imminent danger ; and yet, owing 
 
NOTE IV. 273 
 
 to certain quarrels of long standing, no mea 
 sure for the public defence could be agreed 
 upon. A donation from the proprietaries 
 being received at this critical moment, the 
 governor immediately communicated the fact 
 to the assembly in an ostentations message ; 
 and the assembly responded in the manner 
 represented in the text. See Colonial Records 
 of Pennsylvania, Yol. VI., page 133. 
 
(5.) 
 
 PAKT FOURTH, SECTION FOURTH, PAGE ONE 
 HUNDRED AND TWELVE. 
 
 " The higher powers who govern all things." 
 
 THE great work on the Indian tribes, which 
 has for several years been in progress under 
 the auspices of Congress, bids fair, from its 
 comprehensive plan of investigation, to em 
 body all that is now to be known respecting 
 the red man. No part of this investigation 
 is, perhaps, more interesting than that which 
 relates to his mythology ; the characteristics 
 of which are summed up by the editor (Mr. 
 Schoolcraft,) as follows : 
 
 They have, in the north, no temples of wor 
 ship, and live in a wild belief of the ancient 
 
NOTE V. 275 
 
 theory of a diurgus or soul of the universe, 
 which inhabits and animates everything. 
 They recognise their Great Spirit in rocks, 
 trees, cataracts, and clouds ; in thunder and 
 lightning; in the strongest tempests and the 
 softest zephyrs ; and this subtle and transcen 
 dental spirit is believed to conceal himself in 
 titular deities from human gaze, as birds and 
 quadrupeds; and in short, he is to be sup 
 posed to exist under every possible form in 
 the world, animate and inanimate. 
 
 While a Great Spirit thus constitutes the 
 pith of Indian theory, the tribes live in a 
 practical state of polytheism; and they have 
 constructed a mythology in accordance with 
 these sublimated views of matter and spirit, 
 which is remarkable for the variety of its 
 objects. To this they constantly appeal, at 
 every step of their lives. They hear the 
 great diurgic spirit in every wind ; they see 
 him in every cloud ; they fear him in every 
 
276 NOTE V. 
 
 sound ; and they adore him in every place 
 that inspires awe. They thus make gods of 
 the elements : they see his image in the sun ; 
 they acknowledge his mysterious power in 
 fire ; and wherever nature, in the perpetual 
 struggle of matter to restore its equilibrium ) 
 assumes power, there they are sure to locate a 
 god. 
 
 "This is but half their capacity of stout be 
 lief. The Indian God of North America 
 exists in a dualistic form ; there is a malign 
 and benign type of him ; and there is continual 
 strife, in every possible form, between those 
 two antagonistical powers, for the mastery over 
 the mind. They are, in perpetual activity. 
 Legends of subordinate spirits attend both. 
 Nature is replete with them. When the eye 
 fails to recognize them in material form, they 
 are revealed in dreams. Necromancy and 
 witchcraft are two of their ordinary powers. 
 They can, in a twinkling, transform men and 
 
NOTE V. 277 
 
 animals. False hopes and fears, which the 
 Indian believes to be true, spring up on every 
 side. His notions of the spirit- world exceed 
 all belief; and the Indian mind is thus made 
 the victim of wild mystery, unending suspi 
 cion, and paralyzing fear. Nothing could 
 make him more truly a wild man." Yol. I., 
 page 15. 
 
 " There are two institutions among the 
 North American Indians, which will be found 
 to pervade the whole body of the tribes from 
 the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the Gulf 
 of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean, however, the 
 terms by which they are denoted differ, or 
 the minor rights of the institutions themselves 
 may be modified. They are called in the 
 language from which we adopt most of the 
 aboriginal terms in this treatise, the medawin 
 and jeesukawin. In other terms, they are 
 the art of medical magic and of prophecy. 
 
 * * * % There is a third form, or rather a 
 24 
 
278 NOTE V. 
 
 modification of the medawin. It is the 
 wabeno ; a term denoting a kind of mid 
 night orgies, which is regarded as a corrup 
 tion of the meda. * * * * 
 " The meda or medawininee, is in all re 
 spects a magician. He is distinct from the 
 muskekewininee, or medical practitioner. * * 
 * * * The one is a physician, the other a 
 priest. * * * * Medawin is the art of magic. 
 Its professors are simply and definitely, magii 
 or magicians. Men who profess this art are 
 formed into societies, or associations. They 
 are admitted by a public ceremony, after 
 having been instructed in private, and given 
 evidence of their skill or fitness. * * * Any 
 one may become a follower and practicer of the 
 meda. All that is necessary is to adduce proofs 
 of his skill; but it results that none but those 
 possessed of somewhat more than the ordi 
 nary shrewdness, art, or foresight, either 
 assume or attain eminence in this art. 
 
NOTE V. 279 
 
 " The art of prophecy, or the jeesukawin, 
 differs from the med awin in its being prac 
 tised alone, by distinct and solitary indivi 
 duals, who at least do not exist, and are 
 never known as societies. Prophets start up 
 at long intervals, and far apart, among the 
 Indian tribes. They profess to be under 
 supernatural power, and to be filled witli a 
 divine afflatus. It is, however, an art resem 
 bling that of the medawin, and founded on 
 a similar principle of reliance, differing 
 chiefly in the object sought. The meta seeks 
 to propitiate events; the jossakeed aims to 
 predict them. Both appeal to spirits for 
 their power. Both exhibit material sub 
 stances, as stuffed birds, bones, &c., as objects 
 by or through which, the secret energy is to 
 be exercised. The general modes of opera 
 tion are similar, but vary. The drum is 
 used in both, but the songs and incantations 
 differ. The rattle is confined to the cere- 
 
280 NOTE v. 
 
 monies of the meda and the wabeno. The 
 jossakeed addresses himself exclusively to 
 the Great Spirit. His office and his mode of 
 address, are regarded with greater solemnity 
 and awe. His choruses are peculiar, and 
 deemed by the people to carry an air of 
 higher reverence and devotion." -Page 358. 
 
 Since writing the above I have met with 
 Longfellow s new poem, the song of Hia 
 watha. These several orders of Indian 
 Priesthood appear, with their proper dis 
 tinctions, in the following lines : 
 
 " From the memory of the old men, 
 Fade away the great traditions ; 
 The achievements of the warrior, 
 The adventures of the hunters?, 
 All the wisdom of the medas, 
 All the craft of the wabenos, 
 All the marvellous dreams and visions 
 Of the jossakeeds, the prophets." 
 
 END OF NOTES. 
 
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 LEGENDS OF MEXICO; or, Battles of General Zachary Taylor, late 
 President of the United States. Complete ia one octavo volume of 
 128 pages. Price Twenty-five cents. 
 
 THE NAZARENE; or, the Last of the Washingtons. A Revelation of 
 Philadelphia, New York, and Washington, in the year 1844. Com 
 plete in one volume. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 B. DISRAELI S NOVELS. 
 
 VIVIAN GREY. By B. D Israeli, M. P. Complete in one large octavo 
 volume of 225 pages. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 THE YOUNG DUKE j or the younger days of George the Fourth. By 
 B. D Israeli, M. P. One octavo volume. Price Thirty-eight cents. 
 
 VENETIA j or, Lord Byron and his Daughter. By B. D Israeli, M. P, 
 Complete in one large octavo volume. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 HENRIETTA TEMPLE. A Love Story. By B. D Israeli, M. P. Com 
 plete in one large octavo volume. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 CONTARINA FLEMING. An Autobiography. By B. D Iftaeli, M. P, 
 One volume, octavo. Price Thirty-eight cents. 
 
 MIRIAM ALROY. A Romance of the Twelfth Century, By B. D lsraeli, 
 M. P. One volume octavo. Price Thirty-eight cents. 
 
T. B. PETERSON S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 11 
 EMERSON BENNETT S WORKS. 
 
 CLARA MORELAND. This is a powerfully written romance. The 
 characters are boldly drawn, the plot striking, the incidents replete 
 with thrilling interest, and the language and descriptions natural and 
 graphic, as are all of Mr. Bennett s Works. 336 page*. Price 50 
 cents in paper cover, or One Dollar in cloth, gilt. 
 
 VIOLA; OR, ADVENTURES IN THE FAR SOUTH-WEST. Com 
 plete in one largo volume. Price 50 cents in paper cover, or 75 cents 
 in cloth, gilt. 
 
 THE FORGED WILL. Complete in one large volume, of over 300 
 pages, paper cover, price 50 cents; or bound in clotk, gilt, price $1 00. 
 
 KATE CLARENDON; OR, NECROMANCY IN THE WILDERNESS. 
 
 Price 50 cents in paper cover, or 75 cents in cloth, gilt. 
 BRIDE OF THE WILDERNESS. Complete in one large volume. 
 
 Price 50 cents in paper cover, or 75 cents in cloth, gilt. 
 
 THE PIONEER S DAUGHTER; and THE UNKNOWN COUNTESS. 
 
 By Emerson Bennett. Price 50 cents. 
 
 HEIRESS OF BELLEFONTE ; and WALDE-WARREN. A Tale of 
 
 Circumstantial Evidence. By Emerson Bennett. Price 50 cents. 
 ELLEN NORBURY; OR, THE ADVENTURES OF AN ORPHAN. 
 
 Complete in one largo volume, price 50 cents in paper cover, or ia 
 
 cloth gilt, $1 00. 
 
 MISS LESLIE S NEW COOK BOOK. 
 
 MISS LESLIE S NEW RECEIPTS FOR COOKING. Comprising new 
 and approved methods of preparing all kinds of soups, fish, oysters, 
 terrapins, turtle, vegetables, meats, poultry, game, sauces, pickles, 
 sweet meats, cakes, pies, puddings, confectionery, rice, Indian meal 
 preparations of all kinds, domestic liquors, perfumery, remedies, 
 laundry-work, needle-work, letters, additional receipts, etc. Also, 
 list of articles suited to go together for breakfasts, dinners, and sup 
 pers, and much useful information and many miscellaneous subjects 
 connected with general house-wifery. It is an elegantly printed duo 
 decimo volume of 520 pages; and in it there will be found One Thou 
 sand and Eleven new Receipts all useful some ornamental and all 
 invaluable to every lady, miss, or family in the world. This work has 
 had a very extensive sale, and many thousand copies have been sold, 
 and the demand is increasing yearly, being the most complete work 
 of the kind published in the world, and also the latest and best, as, 
 in addition to Cookery, its receipts for making cakes and confec 
 tionery are unequalled by any other work extant. New edition, en 
 larged and improved, and handsomely bound. Price One Dollar a 
 copy only. This is the only new Cook Book by Miss Leslie. 
 
 GEORGE SANDS WORKS. 
 
 FIRST AND TRUE LOVE. A True Love Story. By George Sand, 
 author of " Consuelo," " Indiana," etc. It is one of the most charm 
 ing and interesting works ever published. Illustrated. Price 50 cents. 
 
 INDIANA. By George Sand, author of "First and True Love," etc. 
 A very bewitching and interesting work. Price 50 cents. 
 
 THE CORSAIR. A Venetian Tale. Price 25 cents. 
 
12 T. B. PETERSON S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 HUMOROUS AMERICAN WORKS. 
 
 WITH ORIGINAL ILLUSTRATIONS BY BARLEY AND OTHERS, 
 
 AND BEAUTIFULLY ILLUMINATED COVERS, 
 
 We have jast published new and beautiful editions of the following 
 HUMOROUS AMERICAN WORKS. They are published in the best 
 possible style, full of original Illustrations, by Barley, descriptive of all th 
 best scenes in each work, with Illuminated Covers, with new and beautiful 
 designs on each, and are printed on the finest and best of white paper. 
 There are no works to compare with them in point of wit and humor, in 
 the whole world. The price of each work is Fifty cents only. 
 
 THE FOLLOWING ARE THE NAMES OF THE WORKS. 
 
 MAJOR JONES COURTSHIP : detailed, with other Scenes, Incidents, 
 and Adventures, in a Series of Letters, by himself. With Thirteen 
 Illustrations from designs by Darley. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 DRAMA IN POKERVILLE: the Bench and Bar of Jurytown, and 
 other Stories. By "Everpoint," (J. M. Field, of the St. Louis 
 Reveille.) With Illustrations from designs by Darley. Fifty cents. 
 
 CHARCOAL SKETCHES j or, Scenes in the Metropolis. By Joseph C. 
 Neal, author of " Peter Ploddy," " Misfortunes of Peter Fabcr," etc. 
 With Illustrations. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 YANKEE AMONGST THE MERMAIDS, and other Waggeries and 
 V/igaries. By W, E. Burton, Comedian. With Illustrations bjr 
 Darley. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 MISFORTUNES OF PETER FABER, and other Sketches. By the 
 author of " Charcoal Sketches." With Illustrations by Darley and 
 others. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 MAJOR JONES SKETCHES OF TRAVEL, comprising the Scenes, 
 Incidents, and Adventures in his Tour from Georgia to Canada. 
 With Eight Illustrations from Designs by Darley. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 STREAKS OF SQUATTER LIFE, and Far West Scenes. A Stries of 
 humorous Sketches, descriptive of Incidents and Character in tha 
 Wild West. By the author of "Major Jones Courtship," "Swallow, 
 ing Oysters Alive," etc. With Illustrations from designs by Darley 
 Price Fifty cents. 
 
 QUARTER RACE IN KENTUCKY, AND OTHER STORIES. By 
 W. T. Porter, Esq., of the New York Spirit of the Times. With 
 Eight Illustrations and designs by Darley. Complete in one volume. 
 Price Fifty cents. 
 
 SIMON SUGGS. ADVENTURES OF CAPTAIN SIMON SUGGS, late 
 of the Tallapoosa Volunteers, together with "Taking the Census," 
 and other Alabama Sketches. By a Country Editor. With a Portrait 
 from Life, and Nine other Illustrations by Darley. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 RIVAL BELLES. By J. B. Jones, author of "Wild Western Scenes," 
 etc. This is a very humorous and entertaining work, and one that 
 will be recommended by all after reading it. Price Fifty cents. 
 
T. B. PETERSON S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 13 
 HUMOROUS AMERICAN WORIOS. 
 
 YANKEE YARNS AND YANKEE LETTERS. By Sam Slick, alias 
 Judge Haliburton. Full of the drollest humor that has ever emanated 
 from the pen of any author. Every page will set you ia a roar. 
 Price Fifty cents. 
 
 LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF COL, VANDERBOMB, AND THE 
 EXPLOITS OF HIS PRIVATE SECRETARY. By J. B. Jones, 
 author of " The Rival Belles/ " Wild Western Scenes/ etc. Price 
 Fifty cents. 
 
 BIG BEAR OF ARKANSAS, and other Sketches, illustrative of Charac 
 ters and Incidents in the South and Swath- West. Edited by Wm. T. 
 Porter. With Illustrations by Darley. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 MAJOR JONES CHRONICLES OF PINEVILLE; embracing Sketches 
 of Georgia Scenes,, Incidents, and Characters. By the author of 
 "Major Jones" Courtship," etc. With Illustrations by Darley. Price 
 
 Fifty cents. 
 
 LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF PERCIVAL MABERRY. By J. H. 
 Ingraham. It will interest and please everybody. All who enjoy a 
 good laugh should get it at once. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 FRANK FORESTER S QUORNDON HOUNDS ; or, A Virginian at 
 Melton Mowbray. By H. W. Herbert, Esq. With Illustrations, 
 Price Fifty cents. 
 
 PICKINGS FROM THE PORTFOLIO OF THE REPORTER OF THE 
 "NEW ORLEANS PICAYUNE." Comprising Sketches of the 
 Eastern Yankee, the Western Hoosier, and such others as make up 
 society in the great Metropolis of the South. With Illustrations by 
 Darley. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 FRANK FORESTER S SHOOTING BOX. By the author of "Tha 
 Quorndon Hounds/ " The Deer Stalkers," etc. With Illustrations by 
 Darley. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 STRAY SUBJECTS ARRESTED AND BOUND OVER; being the 
 Fugitive Offspring of the "Old Un" and the "Young Un," that have 
 been " Laying Around Loose," and are now " tied up" for fast keep 
 ing. With Illustrations by Darley. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 FRANK FORESTER S DEER STALKERS , ; a Tale of Circumstantial 
 evidence. By the author of " My Shooting Box/ "The Quorndoa 
 Hounds," etc. With Illustrations. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 ADVENTURES OF CAPTAIN FARRAGO. By Hon. H. H, Bracken- 
 ridge. For Sixteen years one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of 
 the State of Pennsylvania. With Illustrations from designs by Darley. 
 Price Fifty cents. 
 
 THE CHARMS OF PARIS; or, Sketches of Travel and Adventures by 
 Night and Day, of a Gentleman of Fortune and Leisure. From his 
 private journal. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 PETER PLODDY, and other oddities. By the author of "Charcoal 
 Sketches," "Peter Faber," <fcc. With Illustrations from original 
 designs, by Darley. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 WIDOW RUGBY S HUSBAND, a Night at the Ugly Man s, and other 
 Tales of Alabama. By author of " Simon Suggs." With original 
 Illustrations. Price Fifty cents. 
 
14 T. B. PETERSON S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 
 HUMOROUS AMERICAN WORKS. 
 
 MAJOR O REGAN S ADVENTURES. By Hon. H. H. Brackenridge. 
 With Illustrations by Barley. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 SOL. SMITH ; THEATRICAL APPRENTICESHIP AND ANECDOTAL 
 RECOLLECTIONS OP SOL. SMITH, Esq., Comedian, Lawyer, 
 etc. Illustrated by Darley. Containing Early Scenes, Wanderings 
 in the West, Cincinnati in Early Life, etc. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 SOL. SMITH S NEW BOOK; THE THEATRICAL JOURNEY-WORK 
 AND ANECDOTAL RECOLLECTIONS OF SOL. SMITH, Esq., 
 with a portrait of Sol. Smith. It comprises a Sketch of the second 
 Seven years of his professional life, together with some Sketches of 
 Adventure in after years. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 POLLY PEABLOSSOM S WEDDING, and other Tales. By the author 
 of "Major Jones Courtship," "Streaks of Squatter Life," etc. Price 
 Fifty cents. 
 
 FRANK FORESTER S WARWICK WOODLANDS; or, Things as 
 they were Twenty Years Ago. By the author of " The Quorndon 
 Hounds," "My Shooting Box," "The Deer Stalkers/ etc. With 
 Illustrations, illuminated. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 LOUISIANA SWAMP DO CTOR. By Madison Tensas, M. D., Ex. V. P. 
 M. S. U. Ky. Author of " Cupping on the Sternum." With Illustra 
 tions by Darley. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS SKETCH BOOK, by "Stahl," author of the "Port 
 folio of a Southern Medical Student." With Illustrations from 
 designs by Darley. Price Fifty cents. 
 
 FRENCH, GERMAN, SPANISH, LATIN, AND 
 ITALIAN LANGUAGES. 
 
 Any person unacquainted with either of the above languages, can, with 
 the aid of these works, be enabled to read, write and speak the language of 
 either, without the aid of a teacher or any oral instruction whatever, pro 
 vided they pay strict attention to the instructions laid down in each book, 
 and that nothing shall be passed over, without a thorough investigation 
 of the subject it involves : by doing which they will be able to speak, read 
 or write either language, at their will and pleasure. Either of these works 
 is invaluable to any persons wishing to learn these languages, and are 
 worth to any one One Hundred times their cost. These works have 
 already run through several large editions in this country, for no person 
 ever buys one without recommending it to his friends. 
 
 FRENCH WITHOUT A MASTER. In Six Easy Lessons. 
 GERMAN WITHOUT A MASTER. In Six Easy Lessons. 
 SPANISH WITHOUT A MASTER. In Four Easy Lessons. 
 ITALIAN WITHOUT A MASTER. In Five Easy Lessons. 
 LATIN WITHOUT A MASTER. In Six Easy Lessons. 
 
 Price of either of the above Works, separate, 25 cents each or the 
 whole five may be had for One Dollar, and will be sent free of postage to 
 any one on their remitting that amount to the publisher, in a letter. 
 
T. B. PETERSON S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 15 
 WORKS BY THE BEST AUTHORS. 
 
 FLIRTATIONS IN AMERICA; OR HIGH LIFE IN NEW YORK. A 
 capital book. 285 pages. Price 50 cents. 
 
 DON QUIXOTTE. ILLUSTRATED LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF 
 DON QUIXOTTE DE LA MANCHA, and his Squire Sancho Panza, 
 with all the original notes. 300 pages. Price 75 cents. 
 
 WILD SPORTS IN THE WEST. By W. H. Maxwell, author of " Pic 
 torial Life and Adventures of Grace O Malley." Price 50 cents. 
 
 THE ROMISH CONFESSIONAL ; or, the Auricular Confession and Spi 
 ritual direction of the Romish Church. Its History, Consequences, 
 and policy of the Jesuits. By M. Michelet. Price 50 cents. 
 
 GENEVRA ; or, the History of a Portrait. By Miss Fairfield, one of the 
 best writers in America. 200 pages. Price 50 cents. 
 
 WILD OATS SOWN ABROAD ; OR, ON AND OFF SOUNDINGS. It 
 is the Private Journal of a Gentleman of Leisure and Education, and 
 of a highly cultivated mind, in making the tour of Europe. It shows 
 up all the High and Low Life to be found in all the fashionable re- 
 Borts in Paris. Price 50 cents in paper cover, or 75 cents in cloth, gilt. 
 
 8ALATHIEL ; OR, THE WANDERING JEW. By Rev. George Croly. 
 One of the best and most world-wide celebrated books that has ever 
 been printed. Price 50 cents. 
 
 LLORENTE S HISTORY OF THE INQUISITION IN SPAIN. Only 
 edition published in this country. Price 50 cents ; or handsomely 
 bound in muslin, gilt, price 75 cents. 
 
 DK. HOLLICK S NEW BOOK. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY, 
 with a large dissected plate of the Human Figure, colored to Life. 
 By the celebrated Dr. Hollick, author of " The Family Physician," 
 " Origin of Life," etc. Price One Dollar^ 
 
 DR. HOLLICK S FAMILY PHYSICIAN; OR, THE TRUE ART OF 
 HEALING THE SICK. A book that should be in the house of 
 every family. It is a perfect treasure. Price 25 cents. 
 
 MYSTERIES OF THREE CITIES. Boston, New York, and Philadel 
 phia. Revealing the secrets of society in these various cities. All 
 should read it. By A. J. H. Duganue. 200 pages. Price 50 cents. 
 
 RED INDIANS OF NEWFOUNDLAND. A beautifully illustrated In 
 dian Story, by the author of the " Prairie Bird." Price 50 cents. 
 
 HARRIS S ADVENTURES IN AFRICA. This book is a rich treat. 
 Two volumes. Price One Dollar, or handsomely bound, $1 50. 
 
 THE PETREL; OR, LOVE ON THE OCEAN. A soa novel equal to the 
 best. By Admiral Fisher. 200 pages. Price 50 cents. 
 
 ARISTOCRACY, OR LIFE AMONG THE "UPPER TEN." A true 
 novel of fashionable life. By J. A. Nunes, Esq. Price 50 cents. 
 
 THE CABIN AND PARLOR. By J. Thornton Randolph. It is 
 beautifully illustrated. Price 50 cents in paper cover ; or a finer edi 
 tion, printed on thicker and better paper, and handsomely bound in 
 muslin, gilt, is published for One Dollar. 
 
 LIFE IN THE SOUTH. A companion to " Uncle Tom s Cabin." By 
 C. H. Wiley. Beautifully illustrated from original designs by Dar- 
 ley. Price 50 cents. 
 
16 T. B. PETERSON S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 
 WORKS BY THE BEST AUTHORS. 
 
 SKETCHES IN IRELAND. By William M. Thackeray, author of 
 "Vanity Fair," "History of Pendennis," etc. Price 50 cents. 
 
 THE ROMAN TRAITOR; OR. THE DAYS OF CATALINE AND 
 CICERO. By Henry William Herbert. This is one of the most 
 powerful Roman stories in the English language, and is of itself suffi 
 cient to stamp the writer as a powerful man. Complete in two large 
 volumes, of over 250 pages each, paper cover, price One Dollar, or 
 bound in one volume, cloth, for $1 25. 
 
 ;HE LADY S WORK-TABLE BOOK. Full of plates, designs, diagrams, 
 and illustrations to learn all kinds of needlework. A work every 
 Lady should possess. Price 50 cents in paper cover; or bound in. 
 crimson cloth, gilt, for 75 cents. 
 
 THE COQUETTE. One of the best books ever written. One volume, oc 
 tavo, over 200 pages. Price 50 cents. 
 
 WHITEFRIARS ; OR, THE DAYS OF CHARLES THE SECOND. An 
 Historical Romance. Splendidly illustrated with original designs, by 
 Chapin. It is the best historical romance published for years. Price 
 50 cents. 
 
 WHITEHALL; OR, THE TIMES OF OLIVER CROMWELL. By the 
 author of "Whitefriars." It is a work which, for just popularity and 
 intensity of interest, has not been equalled since the publication of 
 " Waverly." Beautifully illustrated. Price 50 cents. 
 
 THE SPITFIRE. A Nautical Romance. By Captain Chamier, author 
 of " Life and Adventures of Jack Adams." Illustrated. Price 50 cents. 
 
 UNCLE TOM S CABIN AS IT IS. One large volume, illustrated, 
 bound in cloth. Price $1 25. 
 
 TATIIER CLEMENT. By Grace Kennady, author of "Dunallen," 
 " Abbey of Innismoyle," etc. A beautiful book. Price 50 cents. 
 
 THE ABBEY OF INNISMOYLE. By Grace Kennady, author of " Fa- 
 ther Clement." Equal to any of her former works. Price 25 cents. 
 
 THE FORTUNE HUNTER; a novel of New York society, Upper and 
 Lower Tendom. By Mrs. Anna Cora Mowatt. Price 38 cents. 
 
 POCKET LIBRARY OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. New and enlarged 
 edition, with numerous engravings. Twenty thousand copies sold. 
 We have never seen a volume embracing any thing like the same 
 quantity of useful matter. The work is really a treasure. It should 
 speedily find its way into every family. It also contains a large and 
 entirely new Map of the United States, with full page portraits of 
 the Presidents of the United States, from Washington until the pre 
 sent time, executed in the finest style of the art. Price 50 cents a 
 copy only. 
 
 HENRY CLAY S PORTRAIT. Nagle s correct, full-length Mezzotinto 
 Portrait, and only true likeness ever published of the distinguished 
 Statesman. Engraved by Sartain. Size, 22 by 30 inches. Price 
 $1 00 a copy only. Originally sold at $5 00 a copy. 
 
 THE MISER S HEIR; OR, THE YOUNG MILLIONAIRE. A story 
 of a Guardian and his Ward. A prize novel. By P. II. Myers, author 
 of the " Emigrant Squire." Price 50 cents in paper cover, or 75 centf 
 in cloth, gilt. 
 
T. B. PETERSON S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 17 
 WORKS BY THE BEST AUTHORS. 
 
 THE TWO LOVERS. A Domestic Story. It is a highly interesting and 
 companionable book, conspicuous for its purity of sentiment its 
 graphic and vigorous style its truthful delineations of character 
 and deep and powerful interest of its plot. Price 38 cents. 
 
 ARRAII NEIL. A novel by G. P. R. James. Price 50 cents. 
 
 SIEGE OF LONDONDERRY. A History of the Siege of Londonderry, 
 and Defence of Enniskillen, in 1688 and 1689, by the Rev. John 
 Graham. Price 37 cents. 
 
 VICTIMS OF AMUSEMENTS. By Martha Clark, and dedicated by the 
 author to the Sabbath Schools of the land. One vol., cloth, 38 cents. 
 
 FREAKS OF FORTUNE ; or, The Life and Adventures of Ned Lorn. 
 By the author of " Wild Western Scenes." One volume, cloth. Price 
 One Dollar. 
 
 WORKS AT TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EACH. 
 
 GENTLEMAN S SCIENCE OF ETIQUETTE, AND GUIDE TO SO- 
 CIETY. By Count Alfred D Orsay With a portrait of Count D Or- 
 say. Price 25 cents. 
 
 LADIES SCIENCE OF ETIQUETTE. By Countess de Calabrella, with 
 her full-length portrait. Price 25 cents. 
 
 ELLA STRATFORD ; OR, THE ORPHAN CHILD. By the Countess 
 of Blessington. A charming and entertaining work. Price 25 cents. 
 
 GHOST STORIES. Full of illustrations. Being a Wonderful Book. 
 Price 25 cents. 
 
 ADMIRAL S DAUGHTER. By Mrs. Marsh, author of " Ravens- 
 clifie." One volume, octavo. Price 25 cents. 
 
 THE MONK. A Romance. By Matthew G. Lewis, Esq., M. P. All 
 should read it. Price 25 cents. 
 
 DIARY OF A PHYSICIAN. Second Series. By S. C. Warren, author 
 of " Ten Thousand a Year." Illustrated. Price 25 cents. 
 
 ABEDNEGO, THE MONEY LENDER. By Mrs. Gore. Price 25 cents. 
 
 MADISON S EXPOSITION OF THE AWFUL CEREMONIES OF 
 ODD FELLOWSHIP, with 20 plates. Price 25 cents. 
 
 GLIDDON S ANCIENT EGYPT, HER MONUMENTS, HIEROGLY 
 PHICS, HISTORY, ETC. Full of plates. Price 25 cents. 
 
 BEAUTIFUL FRENCH GIRL; or the Daughter of Monsieur Fon- 
 tanbleu. Price 25 cents. 
 
 MYSTERIES OF BEDLAM ; OR, ANNALS OF THE LONDON MAD 
 HOUSE. Price 25 cents. 
 
 JOSEPHINE. A Story of the Heart. By Grace Aguilar, author of 
 " Home Influence," " Mother s Recompense," etc. Price 25 cents. 
 
 EVA ST. CLAIR; AND OTHER TALES. By G. P. R. James, Esq., 
 author of " Richelieu." Price 25 cents. 
 
 AGNES GREY; AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY. By the author of "Jane 
 Eyre," " Shirley," etc. Price 25 cets. 
 
 BELL BRANDON, AND THE WITHERED FIG TREE. By P. Hamil 
 ton Myers. A Three Hundred Dollar prize novel. Price 25 cents. 
 
18 T. B. PETERSON S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 
 WOEKS AT TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EACH. 
 
 KNOWLSON S COMPLETE CATTLE, OR COW DOCTOR. Whoever 
 owns a cow should have this book. Price 25 cents. 
 
 KNOWLSON S COMPLETE FARRIER, OR HORSE DOCTOR. All 
 that own a horse should possess this work. Price 25 cents. 
 
 THE COMPLETE KITCHEN AND FRUIT GARDENER, FOR POPU 
 LAR AND GENERAL USE. Price 25 cents. 
 
 THE COMPLETE FLORIST j OR FLOWER GARDENER. The best 
 in the world. Price 25 cents. 
 
 THE EMIGRANT SQUIRE. By author of " Bell Brandon." 25 cents, 
 
 PHILIP IN SEARCH OF A WIFE. By the author of "Kate in Search 
 of a Husband." Price 25 cents. 
 
 MYSTERIES OF A CONVENT. By a noted Methodist Preacher. Price 
 25 cents. 
 
 THE ORPHAN SISTERS. It is a tale such as Miss Austen might have 
 been proud of, and Goldsmith would not have disowned. It is well 
 told, and excites a strong interest. Price 25 cents. 
 
 THE DEFORMED. One of the best novels ever written, and THE 
 CHARITY SISTER. By Hon. Mrs. Norton. Price 25 cents. 
 
 LIFE IN NEW YORK. IN DOORS AND OUT OF DOORS. By the 
 late William Burns. Illustrated by Forty Engravings. Price 25 cents. 
 
 JENNY AMBROSE; OR, LIFE IN THE EASTERN STATES. An ex 
 cellent book. Price 25 cents. 
 
 MORETON HALL; OR, THE SPIRITS OF THE HAUNTED HOUSE. 
 A Tale founded on Facts. Price 25 cents. 
 
 RODY THE ROVER; OR THE RIBBON MAN. An Irish Tale. By 
 William Carleton. One volume, octavo. Price 25 cents. 
 
 AMERICA S MISSION. By Rev. Charles Wadsworth. Price 25 cents, 
 POLITICS IN RELIGION. By Rev. Charles Wadsworth. Price 12* cts, 
 
 Professor LIEBIG S Works on Chemistry. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY. Chemistry in its application to Agri 
 culture and Physiology. Price Twenty-five cents. 
 
 ANIMAL CHEMISTRY. Chemistry in its application to Physiology and 
 Pathology. Price Twenty-five cents. 
 
 FAMILIAR LETTERS ON CHEMISTRY, and its relations to Commerce, 
 Physiology and Agriculture. 
 
 THE POTATO DISEASE. Researches into the motion of the Juices in 
 
 the animal body. 
 CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS IN RELATION TO PHYSIOLOGY 
 
 AND PATHOLOGY. 
 
 T. B. PETERSON also publishes a complete edition of Professor 
 Liebig s works on Chemistry, comprising the whole of the above. They 
 are bound in one large royal octavo volume, in Muslin gilt. Price for the 
 complete works bound in one volume, One Dollar and Fifty cents. The 
 three last are not published separately from the bound volume. 
 
T. B. PETERSON S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 19 
 EXCELLENT SHILLING BOOKS. 
 
 THE SEVEN POOR TRAVELLERS. By Charles Dickens. Price 12J cts. 
 THE SCHOOLBOY, AND OTHER STORIES. By Dickens. 12* cents. 
 SISTER ROSE. By Charles Dickens. Price 12* cents. 
 CHRISTMAS CAROL. By Charles Dickens. Price 12* cents. 
 
 LIZZIE LEIGH, AND THE MINER S DAUGHTERS. By Charles 
 Dickens. Price 12* cents. 
 
 THE CHIMES. By Charles Dickens. Price 12* cents. 
 
 THE CRICKET ON THE HEARTH. By Charles Dickens. Price 12* cts. 
 
 BATTLE OF LIFE. By Charles Dickens. Price 12} cents. 
 
 HAUNTED MAN; AND THE GHOST S BARGAIN. By Charles 
 Dickens. Price 12* cents. 
 
 THE YELLOW MASK. From Dickens Household Words. Price 12* cts. 
 A WIFE S STORY. From Dickens Household Words. Price 12* cts. 
 MOTHER AND STEPMOTHER. By Dickens. Price 12* cents. 
 
 ODD FELLOWSHIP EXPOSED. With all the Signs, Grips, Pass-words, 
 etc. Illustrated. Price 12 cents. 
 
 MORMONISM EXPOSED. Full of Engravings, and Portraits of the 
 Twelve Apostles. Price 12* cents. 
 
 THE LIFE AND DEATH OF THE REV. JOHN N. MAFFIT; with his 
 Portrait. Price 12* cents. 
 
 REV. ALBERT BARNES ON THE MAINE LIQUOR LAW. THE 
 THRONE OF INIQUITY ; or, sustaining Evil by Law. A discourse 
 in behalf of a law prohibiting the traffic in intoxicating drinks. 
 Price 12* cents. 
 
 WOMAN. DISCOURSE ON WOMAN. HER SPHERE, DUTIES, 
 ETC. By Lucre tia Mott. Price 12* cents. 
 
 EUCHRE. THE GAME OF EUCHRE, AND ITS LAWS. By a mem 
 ber of the Euchre Club of Philadelphia of Thirty Years standing. 
 Price 12* cents. 
 
 DR. BERG S ANSWER TO ARCHBISHOP HUGHES. Price 12* cents. 
 
 DR. BERG S LECTURE ON THE JESUITS. Price 12* cents. 
 
 FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES all the Year round, at Summer 
 prices, and how to obtain and hare them, with full directions. 12 cents. 
 
 T. B. PETERSON S Wholesale & Retail Cheap Book, Maga 
 zine, Newspaper, Publishing and. Bookselling Establish* 
 ment, is at No. 102 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia: 
 
 From which place he will supply all orders for any books at all, no matter by whom 
 published, in advance of all others, and at publishers lowest cash prices. He re 
 spectfully invites Country Merchants, Booksellers, Pedlars, Canvassers, Agents, the 
 Trade, Strangers in the City, and the public generally, to call and examine his ex 
 tensive collection of all kinds of publications, where they will be sure to find all the 
 best, latent, and cheapest works published in this country or elsewhere, for sale very low. 
 
THE DESERTED WIFE, 
 
 BY MRS. EMMA D. E. N. SOUTHWORTH. 
 
 AUTHOR OP "THE LOST HEIRESS/ "THE MISSING BRIDE," "WIFE S VICTORY/ 
 "CURSE OF CLIFTON/ "DISCARDED DAUGHTER/ ETC., ETC. 
 
 Complete in one vol., bound in cloth, for One Dollar and Twenty- 
 five Cents ; or in two vols., paper cover, for One Dollar. 
 
 : The announcement of a new book by Mrs. Southworth, the author of : The Lost TTm r- 
 ess," is a matter of great interest to all that lore to read and admire pure and chaste 
 American work*. It is a new work of unusual power and thrilling interest. Th scene 
 is laid in one of the southern States, and the story gives a picture of the manners and 
 customs of the planting gentry, in an age not far removed backward from the present. 
 The characters are drawn with a strong hand, and the book abounds with scenes of 
 intense interest, the whole plot being wrought out with much power and effect; and no 
 one, we are confident, can read it without acknowledging that it possesses more than 
 ordinary merit. The author is a writer of remarkable genius and originality manifesting 
 wonderful power in the vivid depicting of character, and in her glowing descriptions of 
 scenery. I lagar, the heroine of the " Deserted Wife," is a magnificent being, while Ray- 
 mond, Gusty, and Mr. Withers, are not merely names, but existences they live and move 
 before us, each acting in accordance with his peculiar nature. The purpose of the author, 
 professedly, is to teach the lesson, " that the fundamental causes of unhappiness in a 
 married life, are a defective moral and physical education, and a premature contraction 
 of the matrimonial engagement." It is a book to read and reflect on, and one that can 
 not fail to do an immense amount of good, and will rank as one of the brightest and 
 purest ornaments among the literature of this country. 
 
 READ THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE DIFFERENT CHAPTERS. 
 
 Marriage and Divorce. 
 
 The Old Mansion House. 
 
 The Aged Pastor. 
 
 The Old Man s Darling. 
 
 The Evil Eye. 
 
 The Philosopher. 
 
 The Young Lieutenant. 
 
 First Love. 
 
 Magnetism. 
 
 The Phantom s Warning. 
 
 The Wanderer s Death. 
 
 Kaymond. 
 
 Fanaticism. 
 
 Hagar. 
 
 Rosalia. 
 
 The Attic. 
 
 Gusty. 
 
 The Moor. 
 
 The Storm. 
 
 The Lunatic s End. 
 
 The Hunt. 
 
 La Lionne de Chase. 
 
 Ilagar s Bridal. 
 
 The Love Angel. 
 
 The Bride s Trial. 
 
 The Forsaken House. 
 
 The New Home. 
 
 The Midshipman s Love. 
 
 The Worship of Joy. 
 
 The Wife s Rival. 
 
 The New Medea. 
 
 The Bleeding Heart. 
 
 The Baptism of Grief. 
 Fascination. 
 The Forsaken. 
 The Fiery Trial. 
 Return to the Desolate Horn*. 
 Hagar at Heath Hall. 
 The Flight of Rosalia. 
 The Worship of Sorrow. 
 God the Consoler. 
 Hagar s Resurrection. 
 A Revelation. 
 Family Secrets. 
 Rosalia s Wanderings. 
 The Queen of Song. 
 Rappings at Heath Hall. 
 Ilagar s Ovation. 
 
 T T. B. PETERSON also publishes a complete and uniform edition of Mrs. Southworth s 
 
 other works, any one or all of which, of either edition, will be sent to any place in the 
 
 United States,yree of postage, on receipt of remittances. The following are their names. 
 
 tilK LOST HEIRESS. By Mrs. Emma D. E. N. Southworth. With a Portrait and Auto 
 graph of the author. Complete in two volumes, paper cover. Price One Dollar; or in 
 one volume, cloth, for One Dollar and Twenty-five cents. 
 
 THE MISSING BRIDE ; OR, MIRIAM THE AVENGER. By Mrs. Southworth. Two 
 volumes, paper cover. Price One Dollar; or bound in one volume, cloth, for $1 25. 
 
 THE WIFE S VICTORY; AND NINE OTHER NOUVELLKTTES. By Mrs. Emma D. 
 E. N. Southworth. It is embellished with a view of Prospect Cottage, the residence of 
 the author. Two vols., paper cover. Price One Dollar; or one volume, cloth, for $1.25. 
 
 THE CURSE OF CLIFTON. By Mrs. Emma D. E. N. Southworth. Complete in two 
 folumes, paper cover. Price One Dollar; or bound in one volume, cloth, for $1.25. 
 
 THE DISCARDED DAUGHTER. By Mrs. Emma D. E. N. Southworth. Complete in two 
 volumes. Price in paper cover, One Dollar; or bound in one volume, cloth, for $1.25. 
 
 T. B. PETERSON, 
 
 Published and for sale by 
 
 No. 1O* Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 20 
 
THE WIFE S VICTORY; 
 
 AND NINE OTHER NOUVELLETTES. 
 
 BY MRS, EMMA D. E. N, SOUTHWORTH, 
 
 Being the Most Splendid Pictures of American Life Ever Written. 
 
 Complete in two volumes, paper cover, Price Seventy-Five 
 Cents; or bound in one vol., cloth, for One Dollar. 
 
 T. B. PETERSON has just published this new and celebrated work by 
 Mrs. Southworth. The volume contains, besides "THE WIFE S VIC 
 TORY," NINE OP THE MOST CELEBRATED NOUVELLETTES CV6r Written by 
 
 this favorite and world-renowned American author, and it will prove to be 
 one of the most popular works ever issued. The names of the Nouvel- 
 Icttos contained in " The Wife s Victory," are as follows : 
 
 THE "WIFE S VICTORY. 
 THE MARRIED SHREW 5 a 
 
 Sequel to tlie Wife s Victory. 
 SYBIL BROTHERTON ; or, 
 
 The Temptation. 
 THE IRISH REFUGEE. 
 EVELINE MURRAY 5 or, The 
 
 Fine Figure. 
 WINNY. 
 
 THE THREE SISTERS; or, 
 
 New Year s In the Little 
 
 Rough Cast House. 
 ANNIE GREY ; or, Neighbor s 
 
 Prescriptions. 
 ACROSS THE STREET: a 
 
 New Year s Story. 
 THUNDERBOLT TO THE 
 
 HEARTH. 
 
 THE WIFE S VICTORY will be found, on perusal by all, to be equal, if not 
 superior, to any of the previous works by this celebrated American author 
 ess, who is now conceded by all critics to bo the best female writer now liv 
 ing, and her works to be the greatest novels in the English language, as 
 well as the most splendid pictures of American life ever written. Either 
 one of the ten nouvellettes contained in this volume, is of itself fully worth 
 the price of the whole book. The Philadelphia Daily Sun says, in its edi- 
 torial columns, that it shows all the grace, vigor, and absorbing interest of 
 her previous works, and places Mrs. Southworth in the front rank of living 
 novelists ; and that indescribable charm pervades all her works, which can 
 only emanate from a female mind. Though America has produced many 
 examples cf high intellect in her sex, none are destined to a higher range 
 in the annals of fame, or more enduring popularity. It is embellished with a 
 beautifully engraved vignette title page, executed on steel, in the finest style 
 of the art, as well as a view of Brotherton Hall, illustrative of one of the 
 most interesting places and scenes in the work. 
 
 "Mrs. Southworth is the finest authoress in the country. Her style is 
 forcible and bold. There is an exciting interest throughout all her compo 
 sitions, which renders them the most popular novels in the English 
 language." New York Mirror. 
 
 " Her pictures of life are vivid and truthful." Sunday Times. 
 
 <l She is a woman of brilliant genius." Olive Branch. 
 
 " She is the best fiction writer in the country." Buffalo Express. 
 
 Copies of the above work will bo sent to any person at all, to any part of 
 the United States, free of postage, on their remitting the price of the edition 
 they may wish, to the publisher, in a letter, post-paid. 
 
 Published and for sale by T. B. PETERSON, 
 
 No. 1O2 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. 
 21 
 
CHARLES DICKENS WORKS. 
 
 Reprinted from the last London Editions, and published by 
 
 T. B, PETERSON, No. 102 Chestnut St., Philad a, 
 
 " PETERSON S" is the only complete and uniform edition of Charles Dickens works pub 
 lished in America. The cheap edition is in Twelve Volumes, paper cover; either or all of 
 which can be had separately. Price Fifty cents each. 
 Dickens New Stories. Containing The Seven Poor Travellers. 
 
 Nine New Stories by the Christmas Fire. Hard Times. Lizzie Leigh. The 
 
 Miner s Daughters. Fortune Wildred, etc., Price 50 cents. 
 
 Bleak House, 50 
 
 David Copperneld, 50 " 
 
 Domtoey and Son, 50 * 
 
 Nicholas Nickletoy, 50 " 
 
 Pickwick Papers, 50 
 
 Christmas Stories. Containing A Christmas Carol. The Chimes. 
 
 Cricket on the Hearth. Battle of Life. Haunted Man, and Pictures from Italy, 50 " 
 
 Martin Chiizzlewit, 60 " 
 
 Barnatoy Rudge, 50 " 
 
 Old Curiosity Shop, 50 
 
 Sketches toy " Boz," of Every Day Life and People, 50 " 
 
 Oliver Twist, 50 " 
 
 A complete svtt of the above, twelve volumes in all, will be sold, or sent to any one, to 
 any plaw,/ree of postage, for Five Dollars. 
 
 COMPLETE LIBRARY EDITION. 
 
 In FIVE large octavo volumes, with a Portrait on steel, of Charles Dickens, containing 
 over Four Thousand very large double-columned pages, and bound in various styles. 
 Volume 1 contains Pickwick Papers and Old Curiosity Shop. 
 
 " /8 do. Oliver Twist, Sketches toy "Boz, "and Barnatoy 
 
 Rudge. 
 
 " 3 do. Nicholas Nickletoy and Martin Chuzzlewit. 
 
 " 4: do. David Copperneld, Dombey and Son, Christ- 
 
 mas Stories, and Pictures from Italy. 
 
 " 5 do. Bleak House, and Dickens New Stories ton- 
 
 taining The Seven Poor Travellers, Nine N 7 ew Stories by the 
 Christmas Fire, Hard Times, Lizzie Leigh, The Miner s 
 Daughters, and Fortune \Vildred, etc. 
 
 Price of a complete sett. Bound in black cloth, full gilt back, $7 50 
 
 " " " " " scarlet cloth, full gilt back, extra, 850 
 
 " " " " " full library style, marbled edges, linings, etc.,... 9 00 
 
 FINE ILLUSTRATED EDITION IN TWELVE VOLUMES. 
 
 This edition is printed on very thick and fine white paper, and is profusely illustrated, 
 with all the original illustrations by Cruikshank, Alfred Crowquill, Phiz, etc., from the 
 i original London editions, on copper, steel, and wood. Each volume contains a novel 
 complete, and may be had in complete setts, or any volume separately, as follows : 
 
 Domtoey and Son, .Price 1 50 
 
 Christmas Stories, and Pic- 
 
 tures from Italy, 1 50 
 
 Dickens New Stories. Con 
 taining The Seven Poor Travellers. 
 Nine New Stories by the Christmas 
 Fire. Hard Times. Lizzie Leigh. 
 The Miner s Daughters. Fortune 
 Wildred, etc., 1 50 
 
 Bleak House, Price $1 50 
 
 David Copperneld, 1 50 
 
 Pickwick Papers, 1 50 
 
 Old Curiosity Shop, 1 50 
 
 Oliver Twist, 1 50 
 
 Sketcto.es toy " Boz," 1 50 
 
 Barnatoy Rudge, 1 50 
 
 Nicholas Nickletoy, 1 50 
 
 Martin Chuzzlewit, 1 50 
 
 , All subsequent Works by Charles Dickens will be issued in uniform style with the above. 
 Copies of any or all of the above works will be sent to any person, to any part of the 
 United States, free of postage, on their remitting the price of the ones they may wish, to the 
 publisher, in a letter, post-paid. Booksellers will please send in their orders at ouce. 
 
 Published and for sale by T. B. PETERSON, 
 
 No. 1O Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 22 
 
HUMOROUS AMERICAN WORKS. 
 
 WITH ORIGINAL ILLUSTRATIONS BY BARLEY AND OTHERS, 
 AND BEAUTIFULLY ILLUMINATED COVERS, 
 
 T. B. PETERSON, NO. 102 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, 
 has just published new and beautiful editions of the following HUMO 
 ROUS AMERICAN WORKS. They are published in the best possible 
 style, full of original Illustrations, by Darley, descriptive of all the beet 
 scenes in each work, with Illuminated Covers, with new and beautiful 
 designs on each, and are printed on the finest and best of white paper. 
 The price of each work is 50 cents only. 
 
 THE FOLLOWING ARE THE NAMES OF THE WORKS. 
 
 Major Jones Courtship; detailed, with other Scene?, Incidents, and Adventures, 
 in a Series of Letters, by himself. With Thirteen illustrations from designs by Darley. 
 Price 50 cents. 
 
 The Drama in Pokerville : the Bench and Bar of Jurytown, and other Stories. 
 By "Everpoint," (J. M. Field, of the St. Louis Reveille.) With Illustrations from de 
 signs by Darley. Price 50 cents. 
 
 Charcoal Sketches; or, Scenes in the Metropolis. By Joseph C. Neal, author of 
 " Peter Ploddy, ; " Misfortunes of Peter Faber," etc. With Illustrations. Price 50 cents. 
 
 The Misfortunes of Peter Faber, and other Sketches. By the author of 
 "Charcoal Sketches." With Illustrations by Darley and others. Price 50 cents. 
 
 Major Jones Sketches of Travel, comprising the Scenes, Incidents, and 
 Adventures in his Tour from Georgia to Canada. With Eight Illustrations from de 
 signs by Darley. Price 50 cents. 
 
 The Tankee amongst the Mermaids, and other Waggeries and Vagaries. 
 By W. E. Burton, Comedian. With Illustrations by Darley. Price 50 cents. 
 
 Streaks of Squatter Life, and Far WestScenes. A Series of Humorous Sketches 
 descriptive of Incidents and Character in the Wild West. By the author of Major 
 Jones Courtship," " Swallowing Oysters Alive," etc. W r ith Illustrations from designs by 
 Darley. Price 50 eents. 
 
 A Q,uartrr Race in Kentucky, and other Stories. By W. T.Porter, 
 Esq., of the New York Spirit of the Times. With Eight illustrations nnd designs by 
 Darley. Complete in one volume. Price 50 cents. 
 
 The Adventures of Captain Simon Suggs, late of the Tallapoosa Vo 
 lunteers, together with "Taking the Census/ and other Alabama Sketches. By a 
 
 i Country Editor. With a Portrait from Life, and Nine other illustrations by Darley. 
 Price 50 cents. 
 
 The Rival Belles. By J.B.Jones, author of " Wild Western Scenes," etc. This 
 
 is a very humorous and entertaining work, and one that will be recommended by all after 
 
 reading it. Price 50 cents. 
 Yankee Yarns and Yankee Letters. By Sam Slick, alias Judge Haliburton. 
 
 Full of the drollest humor that has ever emanated from the pen of any author. Every 
 
 page will set you in a roar. Price 50 cents. 
 Life and Adventures of Col. Vanderbomo, and the Exploits of 
 
 his Private Secretary. By J. B. Jones, author of - The liival Belles," 
 
 " Wild Western Scenes," etc. Price 50 cents. 
 The Big Bear of Arkansas, and other Sketches, illustrative of Characters and 
 
 Incidents in the South and South-West. Edited by Wm. T. Porter. With illustrations 
 
 by Darley. Price 50 cents. 
 
 Copies of any one or all of the above works, will be sent to any per 
 son, in the United States, free of postage, on their remitting the price of 
 the ones they may wish, to the publisher, in a letter. 
 4 Published and for sale by T. B. PETERSOX, 
 
 No. 1O3 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 
 23 
 
HUMOROUS AMERICAN WORKS, 
 
 WITH ORIGINAL ILLUSTRATIONS BY BARLEY ANB OTHERS, 
 AND BEAUTIFULLY ILLUMINATED COVERS, 
 
 THE FOLLOWING ARE THE NAMES OF THE WORKS. 
 
 Major Jones Chronicles of Pineville; embracing Sketches of Georgia 
 Scenes, Incidents, and Characters. By the author of " Major Jones Courtship," etc. 
 With illustrations by Barley. Price 50 cents. 
 
 The Liife and Adventures of Perctval Maberry. By J. II. Tngraham. 
 
 It will interest and please everybody. Complete in one volume. All who enjoy a good 
 laugh should get it at once. Price 50 cents. 
 
 The Quorndon Hounds; or, A Virginian at Melton Mowbray. By II. W. Her 
 bert, Esq. With illustrations. Price 50 cents. 
 
 THy Shooting Box. By the author of " The Quorudon Hounds," " The Deer Stalk 
 ers," etc. With illustrations by Darley. Price 50 eents. 
 
 Stray Subjects Arrested and Bound Over; being the Fugitive Offspring 
 of the "Old Un" and the "Young Un," that have been "Laying Around Loose," and, 
 are now " tied up" for fast keeping. With illustrations by Darley. Price 50 cents. 
 
 The Deer Stalkers ; a Tale of Circumstantial Evidence. By the author of "My 
 Shooting Box, " The Quorndon Hounds," etc. With illustrations. I rice 50 cents. 
 
 Adventures of Captain Farrago. By Hon. II. H. Brackenridge. For six 
 teen years one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the State of Pennsylvania. 
 With illustrations from designs by Darley. Price 50 cents. 
 
 The Charms of Paris: or, Sketches of Travel and Adventures by Night and 
 Day, of a Gentleman of Fortune and Leisure. From his private journal. Price 50 cents. 
 
 Pickings from the Portfolio of the Reporter of the " New Or 
 leans Picayune." Comprising Sketches of the Eastern Yankee, the Western 
 Hoosier, and such others as make up society in the great Metropolis of the South. 
 With illustrations by Darley. Price 50 cents. 
 
 Major O Regan s Adventures. By Hon. H. H. Brackenridge. With illus 
 trations by Darley. Complete in one volume. Price 50 cents. 
 
 Peter Plotltly, and other oddities. By the author of " Charcoal Sketches," " Peter 
 Faber," &c. With illustrations from original designs, by Darley. Price 50 cents. 
 
 Widow Rugby s Husband, a Night at the Ugly Man s, and other Tales of Ala 
 bama. By author of < Simon Suggs." With original illustrations. Price 50 cents. 
 
 Sol. Smith : Theatrical Apprenticeship and Anecdotal Recol- 
 lections of Sol. Smith, Esq., Comedian, Lawyer, etc. Illustrated by Darley 
 Containing Early Scenes, Wanderings in the Wst, Cincinnati, in Early Life, etc* 
 Price 50 cents. 
 
 Sel. Smith, Second Series. The Theatrical Journey-work and Anecdotal Recollections 
 of Sol. Smith, Esq., with a portrait of Sol. Smith. It comprises a sketch of the second 
 Seven years of his professional life, together with some Sketches ef Adventure in after 
 years. Price 50 cents. 
 
 Polly Peablossom s Wedding, and other Tales. By the author of " Major 
 Jones Courtship," Streaks of Squatter Life," etc. Price 50 cents. 
 
 The Warwick "Woodlands; or. Things as they were Twenty Years Ago. By 
 the author of " The Quorndon Hounds," " My Shooting Box," " The Deer Stalkers," etc. 
 With illustrations, illuminated. Price 50 cents. 
 
 Old Leaves from the Note Book of a Louisiana Swamp Doctor. 
 By Madison Tensas, M. D., Ex. V. P. M. S. U. Ky. Author of " Cupping on the Sternum." 
 With illustrations by Darley. Price 50 cents. 
 
 Aunt Patty s Scrap Bag. A Tale of Love and Jealousy. By Mrs. Caroline Lee 
 Heutz, author of " Kena," " Linda." " Mob Cap," " Ugly Effie," etc. Price 50 cents. 
 
 The New Orleans Sketch Book, by " Stahl." author of the " Portfolio of 
 a Southern Medical Student." With illustrations from designs by Darley. Price 50 cents. 
 
 Copies of any one or all of the above works, will be sent to any per 
 son, in the United States, free of postage, on their remitting the price of 
 the ones they may wish, to the publisher, in a letter. 
 
 Published and for sale by T. B. PETERSON, 
 
 No. 103 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 24 
 
KATE AYLESFORD, 
 
 BY CHARLES J. PETERSON. 
 
 Complete in one large volume, neatly boimd in cloth, for One Dollar 
 
 and Twenty-Five Cents; or another edition, in twc 
 
 volumes, paper cover, for One Dollar. 
 
 OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 "One of the great beauties of the story is, the characters are never unnatural nor the 
 Incidents improbable. Yet we know no American novelist who 1ms a stronger power of 
 holding his reader enchained by the stirring and life-like incidents of the narrative, or 
 who can individualize his characters more distinctly. The latter are real persons, acting 
 naturally and properly. Every scene is painted vividly and graphically, and the reader 
 poems moving among living persons and a spectator of scenes of actual occurrence. It is 
 on all hands pronounced the ablest original novel published for many years, and justly 
 
 ? laces its author at the very head of the popular romance writers of the day in this country, 
 his is saying a good deal, but we think the public, on the perusal of the story, will agree 
 with us that our commendation is not exaggerated." Philadelphia Public Ledger. 
 
 "The heroine is one of those rare characters, sometimes met within the practical world, 
 who combine all the womanly virtues, to be found in the highest degrees of life, with that 
 moral courage and bravery so often brought forth in the trying times which preceded the 
 independence of the country. The Uncle Lawrence of the author is a most charming 
 ppecimen of the yeomanry of the olden time. Kate Aylesford is a book well worthy to 
 be read by all lovers of light reading. With the ladies it must become very popular." 
 J hiladelpfiia Daily J\ T ews. 
 
 "This is one of the very few historical romances of the age which lay claim to success 
 The story has been carefully planned, and in like manner developed. The style is simple, 
 unstrained, natural and pleasing. Mr. Peterson deserves all praise for his manly contempt 
 of the transcendentalisms and milk-and-waterisms of the time, and for his daring to be so 
 natural." Hunterdon (N. J.) Gazette. 
 
 " This work is the best historical novel ever written in this country." Christum Observer. 
 
 " In literary merit generally, but especially in elegant use of language, and delineation 
 of female character, it exceeds either the Spy, Water Witch, or any of the Leather Stock 
 ing Stories." Philadelphia Sun. 
 
 " Sure of an enduring popularity." .Baltimore Sun. 
 
 " Mr. Peterson is fast gaining on the laurels of Irving." New York Dutchman. 
 
 " Kate Aylesford is worth a hecatomb of Ruth Halls." Baltimorf. Argus. 
 
 " The scenes are portrayed in a powerful manner, and the whole story invested with 
 thrilling interest." Baltimore Dispatch. 
 
 " Abounding with adventures of the most exciting character." Boston Times. 
 
 " The heroine is a trump of a girl." Boston Post. 
 
 " The most interesting and elegantly written novel of the day." Jersey Blue. 
 
 " A story of thrilling interest." Pittsburg Commercial. 
 
 " Those who read it can have the satisfaction of knowing that while they are deeply 
 interested, the attraction is not only harmless but healthy." Gospel Banner. 
 
 " Free from the sickly sentimentalism so common to works of this kind." True American. 
 
 " A work of genuine value." Lincoln Democrat. 
 
 "If you wish to read a thrilling story, absorbingly interesting, and at the iame time in 
 no degree overstrained or unnatural, get Kate Aylesfbrd. It reminds us of the Iwst of 
 Coopers novels, and it is free from faults which they abound in." Piedmont (Fa.) Whig. 
 
 Price for the complete work, in two volumes in paper cover, One Dollar only; or another 
 edition, handsomely bound in one volume, cloth, gilt, is published for One Dollar and 
 Twenty-Five Cents. 
 
 Copies of either edition of the work will be sent to any person, to any part of the United 
 States, free of postage, on their remitting the price of the edition they may wish, to the 
 publisher, in a letter, post-paid. 
 
 Published and for sale by T. B. PETERSON, 
 
 No. 103 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 
 25 
 
THE INITIALS: 
 
 Complete in two vols., paper- cover, Price One Dollar; or 
 bound in one volume, clotli. Price $1.25 a copy. 
 
 Read the following Reviews of it, written by two celebrated Critics. 
 
 T. B. PETERSON has just published this celebrated work, whose re 
 putation in England und Germany already excels that of any novel 
 written since the days of Sir Walter Scott. The heroine, Hildegarde, 
 5g oii<- of the loveliest creations of fiction. From the first moment she 
 appears on the scene to the final termination of the story, she engrosses 
 the entire sympathies of the reader, who breathlessly follows her fluctu 
 ating fortunes, the alienation of her lover, and her heroic sacrifice of 
 herself. The "Initials" is one of those rare things, a love-story true 
 to life; for while there is nothing mawkishly sentimental about, it, it 
 fairly runs over with the poetry of youth and romance. As a picture of 
 social life in Germany, it is invaluable. Nobody but one who had lived 
 for years in that country could have drawn the manners, habits, and cus 
 toms of the Germans so faithfully. The "Initials" is destined to become 
 a standard work, and will be read long after the ephemeral fictions of the 
 day are forgotten ; for while it equals them in the absorbing character 
 of its incidents, it excels them immeasurably in chasteness of style, 
 purity of morals, and fidelity to nature. The author is a lady of high 
 rank in both England and Germany, being the daughter of a Lord High 
 Chancellor of Great Britain, and the wife of a German nobleman. 
 
 " This is one of those novels which will continue to be read, like those 
 of Scott, and other great masters of fiction, long after the generation 
 which saw it first has mouldered in the dust. The scene is laid in Ger 
 many. The fair author is a daughter of the celebrated Lord Erskine, 
 formerly Lord High Chancellor of England. Educated in Great Britain, 
 but since her marriage to a German nobleman, living on the continent, 
 she depicts life in Germany with rare fidelity, though without falling into 
 that mawkish sentiinentalism which is the fault of native-boi n novelists 
 In the whole realm of modern fiction there is not a more lovely creation 
 than Hildegarde, the heroine. Her conduct under the most trying cir 
 cumstances, is ever noble ; but ever also natural to her character. The 
 charm of this novel, indeed, is that while it has nothing forced or exag 
 gerated about it, it is nevertheless full of romance. Everything happens 
 as it ought to happen, yet the incidents are never strained, nor the actors 
 made to belie their natures. To read The Initials is to call back the 
 days of one s youth, when the future was rosy with hope, and when all 
 things were fresh and beautiful. The work is eminently instructive. It 
 has already run through several editions in England, and is destined, we 
 predict, to have an unparalleled sale here. We know no fiction, in fact, 
 which we would sooner recommend, for while it will fascinate all who 
 read merely for amusement, it will delight as well as improve those who 
 seek for something even in a novel." Ladies National Magazine. 
 
 Copies of either edition of the work will be sent to any person, to any 
 part of the United States, free of postage, on their remitting the price of 
 the edition they may wish, to the publisher, in a letter, post-paid. 
 Published and for sale by T. B, PETERSON, 
 
 Xo. 103 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. 
 
 26 
 
Bead the Notices of the Press below, 
 
 TOD OAT8 OWN ABH01D, 
 
 Price Seventy-Five Cents in Cloth, Gilt ; or Fifty Cents in Paper Cover. 
 
 BEAD THE OPINIONS OF THE PRESS BELOW. 
 
 " This volume is the work of a gentleman of leisure, and, judging from 
 the revelations which he makes, he was educated with elegant desires 
 and sufficient wealth to permit him to indulge his tastes. The sketches 
 which are here collected are marked by spirit, vivacity, and agreeable de- 
 ecription. The author writes with the ease of a good, clever fellow, who 
 always looks on the bright side of things, and who endeavors to extract 
 amusement from the most unpromising subjects. His adventures are 
 candidly told, and he leads the reader into many foreign mysteries which 
 most travellers avoid. His style is remarkably easy aud flowing. You 
 glide along without an effort, and he manages to keep up an interest which 
 it is the good fortune of few writers to produce. The unknown author has 
 hit the target precisely. Much of the spirit of the late John Sanderson 
 flows from his pen, and his volume will form a delightful sequel to the agree 
 able book of that pleasant and witty writer." Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch. 
 
 In originality of conception, grace of diction, humor of style in 
 classic allusion, piquancy, wit, and vivacity, its author stands unrivalled by 
 any light writer, ancient or modern, with whom we are acquainted. 
 Whoever buys the book and reads the opening chapter, we venture to say, 
 would not part with it for ten times its cost, if he could not procure an 
 other. We would remark, however, that some portions of the work are 
 more suited for gentlemen readers than for all ladies, from the floridity of 
 the language, though even in its most questionable passages there is a 
 redeeming morality, and a beauty of style and sentiment." Philadelphia 
 Saturday Courier. 
 
 " It is certainly a vivacious production, and, with some objectionable 
 passages, has many good ones. The writer certainly did not belong to the 
 melancholy or abstemious school at the time he sketched the scenes and 
 incidents of his travels. He seems to have been deeply imbued at that 
 period with the Byronic temperament, which breathes in almost every line. 
 The same versatile, don t care, dashing and off-hand style which rung 
 through the letters and rhymes of the poet, is discernible in this new but 
 anonymous candidate for public favor," Petersburgh ( Va.) Intelligencer. 
 
 " The publisher has made an elegant volume of these spicy leaves which 
 have all the pungency of the real Fanny Fern/ with the racy, free spirit, 
 that bespeaks the travelled gentleman and the polished wit. Our readers 
 have had repeated on and off specimens of the manner in which these 
 American Wild Oats were sown upon European soil, and have no doubt 
 been heartily amused at the bold, original way in which our gentleman of 
 leisure went over the ground. That there may be no suspicion of partiality 
 towards city customers, Mr. P. is determined to give both town and country 
 a fair show, and so sends copies, free of postage, on the receipt of fifty 
 cents. In this way, all can be promptly supplied with the gleanings from 
 the ripe old harvest fields, where love and philosophy, masked balls, and 
 monasteries, London sights, Parisian charms and Italian romance, flourish 
 in rich luxuriance." Philadelphia Saturday Courier. 
 
 Copies of either edition of the work will be sent to any person at all, to 
 any part of the United States, free of postage, on their remitting the price 
 of the edition they wish, to the publisher, in a letter, post paid. 
 Published and for sale by T. B. PETERSON, 
 
 No. 102 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 
 27 
 
A NEW COOK BOOK, BY MISS LESLIE, FOR THE MILLION. 
 
 MISS LESLIE S 
 
 "NEW RECEIPTS FOR COOKING." 
 
 T. B. PETERSON, NO. 102 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, has just pub 
 lished MISS LESLIE S "NEW RECEIPTS FOR COOKING." It comprises new and 
 approved methods of preparing all kinds of soups, fish, oysters, terrapins, turtle, vegeta 
 bles, meats, poultry, game, sauces, pickles, sweet meats, cakes, pies, puddings, confec 
 tionary, rice, indian meal preparations of all kinds, domestic liquors, perfumery, remedies, 
 laundry work, needle-work, washing thread laces of all kinds, to make them look equal 
 to new, preserving autumn leaves, Chinese embroidery, let&rs, additional receipts, etc. 
 Also, list of all articles in season suited to go together for breakfasts, dinners and 
 suppers, to suit large or small families, and much useful information and many miscel 
 laneous subjects connected with general housewifery. 
 
 This work will have a very extensive sale, and many thousand copies will be sold, as all 
 persons that have had Miss Leslie s former book, entitled " Directions for Cookery," 
 should get this at once, as all (lie receipts in this book are new, and have been fully tried 
 and tested by the author since the publication of her former book, and none of them 
 whatever are contained in any otlter work but this. It is the best, and most complete Cook 
 Book published in the world, as in addition to Cookery, of all kinds and descriptions, its 
 receipts for making cakes and confectionary are unequalled by. any other work extant 
 
 It is an elegantly printed duodecimo volume of 520 pages ; and in it there will be found 
 One Thousand and Eleven new Receipts all useful some ornamental and all invalu 
 able to every lady, miss, or family in the world. Price One, Dollar a copy only. 
 
 Miss Leslie in the preface, says : " A large number of these new receipts have been 
 " obtained from the South, and from ladies noted for their skill in housewifery. Many 
 " were dictated by colored cooks, of high reputation in the art. for which nature seems 
 <f to have tufted that race with a peculiar capability. Some very fine receipts in this col- 
 " lection are 01" French origin. Their titles are translated into our own language. * * * 
 " The corn meal preparations will be found unusually good, as full directions are given 
 " for every method in vhich this most valuable and cheap staple can be prepared; and 
 " particularly that for Indian Mush, an article, which, simple as it is, is seldom made 
 " properly, or rather wholesomely. 
 
 " Since the first appearance of my first book of < DIRECTIONS FOR COOKING, I have 
 " obtained new and fresh accessions of valuable knowledge, and new receipts for cooking 
 " not embraced in my former book, connected with the domestic improvement of my 
 " country women, all of which I have been careful to note down, as they presented them- 
 " pelves, and to carefully try and have them fully tested, and have now given them all 
 "in this NEW RECEIPTS FOR COOKING minutely explaining thorn in language 
 " intelligible to all persons. All I ask, is, that these new receipts may be fairly and 
 " faithfully tried, and I trust that no disappointment will happen in the result." 
 
 A very important feature in MISS LESLIE S "NEW RECEIPTS FOR COOKING," 
 will be found in the list of articles in season, which are suited together for Breakfasts, 
 Dinners, Suppers, &c. In it will be found popular and useful suggestions, of immense 
 value in every household, adding greatly to its convenience, its comfort and economy. 
 
 Among its new and valuable receipts will be found one for preserving "Autumn 
 Leaves" which will be greatly admired for the brightness, richness and variety of their 
 tints, for our fair Ladies to form into beautiful wreaths for the hair, or trimmings for 
 party and ball dresses, or for adorning and ornamenting picture frames, looking glasses, 
 etc. They are an admirable study for amateurs in painting. One for Chinese Embroi 
 dery, by which any person can learn to do embroidery, similar and equal to the finest 
 Canton Crape Shawls, being embroidered on both sides, and both sides being alike. 
 
 A copy of this new, popular and celebrated Cook Book, entitled MISS LESLIE 
 "NEW RECEIPTS FOR COOKING," will be sent to any person at all, by return of 
 mail, free of postage, on their remitting One Dollar to the publisher, in a letter, post-paid. 
 Published and for Sale by T. B. PETERSON, 
 
 No. 102 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 
 28 
 
BY J. B. JONES, 
 
 AUTHOR OF "WILD WESTERN SCENES," ETC., ETC. 
 
 BEAD WHAT THE EDITOKS OF NEWSPAPERS SAY OF IT. 
 
 "We pronounce this work equal to any of the productions of Thackeray, and 
 are quite free to give it a preference over anything we have yet seen from the 
 prolific author of The Newcombs. It is a high compliment to place the 
 Freaks of Fortune on a par with much that his transatlantic rival has pro 
 duced. Certain it is, that Mr. Jones in his new work gives evidence of a free 
 pen, a rich imagination, and a style easy, emphatic, and at times imbued with 
 true eloquence, the emanations of a spirit overflowing with impressive thought 
 and elevated sentiment, liberally enriched with flashes of humor and genuine 
 wit. An advantage which Mr. Jones has, is in the true American character 
 of his writings, which present life as it is seen in our midst. In this respect 
 his works have a charm that must make them irresistible, as good sense pre 
 vails over all, and supply us with sketches of character, irresistible in their 
 truthfulness to the beings whom we meet in our every day walk. As the writer 
 has already become famous in the world of literature, his new work will find 
 numerous readers, who may be congratulated on the treat in store for them." 
 Philadelphia Saturday Courier, Sept. 9th, 1854. 
 
 FREAKS OP FORTUNE. " Whatever this author writes is sure to have a large 
 sale. The present is his best fiction, and one of the best we ever read. It is 
 full of graphic sketches of character, abounds with incident, and runs over 
 with fun continually. We know nowhere a better panacea against the blues. 
 The illustrations were designed by Darley, and are in his happiest manner ; 
 they are engraved also with great spirit. The publisher issues the book on 
 superior paper, and bound in embossed cloth. Price One Dollar. For those 
 wht prefer novels of life as it is, to mawkishly sentimental fictions, this is the 
 book of the season. Whoever likes Thackeray will like The Freaks of For 
 tune. " Ladies National Magazine for October.. 
 
 " This story is one of adventures, in the course of which the hero sees all 
 kinds of life and mingles with all sorts of people. Poets, statesmen, lawyers, 
 belles, authors, merchants, mechanics, and farmers, figure together on the pages 
 of the novel. The writer conveys Ned with ease through all those scenes, and 
 he is equally happy whilst delineating the character of a remarkable politician 
 like Benton, or that of as quite a remarkable specimen of a clergyman Bishop 
 Doano. The plot is well managed, and the current glides easily along, and 
 swells at last into an agreeable ocean of fiction. The tale is spirited, and can 
 not fail to be pleasing and popular." Phila. Sunday Dispatch, Sept. Itith, 1854. 
 
 " Freaks of Fortune will be read by Philadelphians with marked interest, 
 if it receives the attention which it deserves. The plot of the tale is in our 
 own city, and the hero, Ned Lorn, is a most charming character, and will serve 
 well for a model for the youth growing up among us. The localities referred 
 to in this book are all of them familiar, and many of the characters will be re 
 cognized instantly. It is most admirably written, and exceeds in interest any 
 of the previous works of the author. It is handsomely bound in cloth, and 
 we*predict for it an extensive sale. It will, of course, be found at the store of 
 the enterprising publisher." Philadelphia Daily News, Sept. llth, 1854. 
 
 THIS BEAUTIFUL AND CELEBRATED WORK is published complete 
 in one large volume of over 400 pages, beautifully illustrated, and handsomely 
 bound in one volume, cloth, gilt, price One Dollar. 
 
 Published and for sale by T. B. PETERSON", 
 
 No. 1O2 Chestnut St., Philadelphia* 
 
 A copy of this new, popular book, will be sent to any person at all, by return 
 of mail, free of postage, on their remitting One Dollar to the publisher, in a 
 letter, post-paid. 2Q 
 
Read the Notices of the Press below. 
 
 BY EMERSON BENNETT, 
 
 AUTHOR OP " CLARA IHORELAND," " VIOLA," " PIONEER S DAUGHTER," ETC. 
 
 Price Fifty Cents in Paper Cover ; or, One Dollar in Cloth, Gilt. 
 
 From a Review of the Work, written by a Celebrated Critic. 
 
 " This is the last great work of Mr. Bennett, and almost universally pronounced his 
 master-piece. The scene is laid in the city of New York, and it accurately shows life 
 in the great metropolis. The scenes are wrought up with great power, and from the 
 first line to the last, the reader is, as it were, held spell-bound by the most intense and 
 thrilling interest. Many of the scenes and characters are drawn from real life. Who 
 does not remember the awful fate of poor HELEN JEWETT, and the trial of ROBINSON 
 for her murder? Their counterpart may be found in Helen Douglass, and Acton 
 Atherton two characters which figure in this work. It shows you the mansion of 
 the millionaire, and the hovel of poverty; and lays bare crimes of the greatest magni 
 tude, long concealed under the mask of a damnable hypocrisy ; it shows the struggles 
 of a young man and his sister, who were once rich, but who were robbed of all their 
 money by the villainy of their uncle, who, living in splendor in the city on his ill- 
 gotten gains, absolutely refuses to give their mother, (his own sister,) money enough to 
 buy food to keep her from dying of starvation. And after she is dead, the unfeeling 
 wretch imprisons his nephew on a false charge of forgery ; while his own base son 
 plots the ruin of his cousin, (the young man s sister,) and actually succeeds in entrap 
 ping her into a house of bad repute. But, not to enter into detail, we will only add 
 that virtue triumphs in the end, and that villainy meets its just reward. No one can 
 peruse this story without acknowledging it is a powerful work, and calculated to effect 
 great good. The moral of it is unexceptionable, and it should be read by the religious 
 portions of our community as well as by the romance readers. It has already been 
 approved of by the ministers of the Gospel, and by pious members of the church ; and 
 the author has been more than once congratulated since its appearance for boldly 
 striking into a new field, and elevating his romance to that high moral standard 
 which makes it unexceptionable to the most virtuous, pure, and refined." 
 
 From the New York International Journal, of Oct. 15tt. 
 
 " A native novel, in which the scene is laid in the city of New York, and the inci 
 dents detailed with a truthfulness of description which constitutes the great charm of 
 Mr. Bennett s writings. In his previous works, Mr. Bennett has described border life, 
 prairie scenes, and Indian warfare, with a pen so graphic, as to bring the scene bodily 
 before the reader. In The Forged Will, he deals with everyday occurrences of do 
 mestic town life in the same minute and elaborate way forcibly reminding us of the 
 descriptions of Bulwer in Eugene Aram, and other works. The Forged Will contains 
 throughout a moral of which the reader is never permitted to lose sight that crimw 
 sooner or later leads to retribution, and that virtue even when exposed to severe trials, 
 eventually receives its reward." 
 
 From the Philadelphia Saturday Courier, of Oct. 15th. 
 
 <( Another edition, in so short a time, of this most exciting work, shows the extraordi 
 nary interest which it is everywhere exciting, and among all classes of readers. It 
 is truly a most startling and well wrought picture of the great commercial emporium, 
 the city which ranks next to London and Paris in gorgeous profligacy and reckless, 
 squalid crime. New York, with seven hundred thousand inhabitants, its churches, 
 palaces and hovels, is a wonderful city, and Mr. Bennett turns it inside out to the 
 astonished gaze of even its own citizens. Such is the rush for the Forged Will, that 
 on the appearance of the third edition, the enterprising, popular publisher announces 
 his intention of gratifying distant readers, by sending copies through the mail, free of 
 postage, on receipt of fifty cents, the price of the work." 
 
 From the Philadelphia Christian Observer, of Oct. 8th. 
 
 " This is a work of power, a thrilling story of such incidents as occur in real life, por- 
 traying the guilty in their relations to the virtuous ; deeds of hypocrisy and darkness, 
 concealed for a time, yet meeting with the stern retribution merited. It is a picture, 
 mingling light and shade, and teaches that the triumphing of the wicked is short ; and 
 that virtue, though it suffer for a brief season, is sure of a due reward." 
 
 Published and for Sale by T. B. PETERSON, 
 
 No. 103 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 
 
AMERICAN POCKET LIBRARY 
 
 OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 New and Enlarged Edition ! With Numerous Engravings ! ! 
 
 TWENTY THOUSAND COPIES SOLD. 
 
 Price FIFTY CENTS a Copy only ; and sent free of Postage to any place 
 in the United States. 
 
 Containing one thousand Receipts, Directions, Ac., for Agriculture and successful Farming; 
 Health, its preservation ; the Culture of Flowers, of Silk, of Sugar-Beets, &c., and the cure and 
 treatment of Birds, of Horses, of Cows, of Poultry, of Bees, &c. The management and growth 
 of the Hair; beauty and preservation of the Teeth; with Instructions for the Ladies in cooking 
 Meats, and making Bread, Cakes, Pies, Preserves, Pickles; for making Ice Creams, and various 
 healthy Drinks, &c., &c. Also, Canals, Rail Roads, Phrenology, and an immense amount of 
 Political, Statistical, Geographical, and General Information, relating to the General Govern 
 ment, and the various States and Territories of the Union; Synopsis of Girard s Will, Wash 
 ington s Farewell Address, and the Constitution of the United States, entire, with the 
 Amendments, &c. 
 
 Read the following Notices of the Press in relation to this Work : 
 
 " Experience and patient labor have made it a compilation to be consulted by the house 
 keeper, the merchant, the mechanic, the farmer, and in fact by every class of citizens." 
 
 Philadelphia Saturday Courier. 
 
 "We know of no one better calculated than the Editor for making a useful book like the 
 present. It is a perfect Vade Mecum." Godey s Lady s Book. 
 
 " A very valuable little work, containing a great deal of useful information in a very small 
 compass, elegantly stereotyped from fine type." Saturday Evening Post. 
 
 * * * "In fact, the book is a perfect omnium gatherum, containing 
 
 a great amount of highly useful information, facts, and hints, WHICH EVERY ONE ought to 
 be in possession of." Public Ledger. 
 
 " There is scarcely a subject which comes into notice in the daily wairrs of life, but is here 
 laid down and familiarly illustrated. The object of the compiler has been to make his book a 
 COMPLETE VADE MECUM, and in this he has sucooeded." United States Gazette (Hon. J.R. 
 Chandler.) 
 
 " This ia a capital little volume. It is replete with information gleaned trom a THOUSAND 
 SOURCES, and of the most AUTHENTIC CHARACTER. The compiler has embodied more 
 useful information than may be found, in any volume of the same size that has ever been issued 
 from the American press. THE PRICE is exceedingly reasonable." Pennsylvania Inquirer 
 and Daily Courier. 
 
 " We have never seen a volume embracing any thing like the same quantity of useful mat 
 ter. The work is really a treasure, and should speedily find its way into every family." 
 Saturday Chronicle, (Hon. B. Matthias, President Senate Pennsylvania.) 
 
 The New Edition published since the foregoing notices were made, contains double tho num 
 ber of pages, and is beyond all question, the most comprehensive- and valuable work of the 
 kind ever published. 
 
 Among the new additions are 1. Catalogue of Useful Tilings. 2. Commercial Numbers. 
 3 New Postage Law. 4. Statistics of United States, Navy, Army, Debts of the several States, 
 Ac. 5. Each of the State Capitols, Time of holding Elections, Meeting of Legislatures, &c. 
 6. British Possessions. 7. Consuls of U. States lor 1850, and each preceding Census. 8 Select 
 Bible Passages, and Religious sentimenti of each President of the United States. 9. The Sab 
 bath Convention Address. 10. Extensive Mint Tables, of Gold and Silver Coins of all Nations. 
 11. Distances and Directions of Principal Places on the Globe. 12. Weights and Measures. 
 13. Universal Time Table. 14. Coat of Arms. &c., of thirteen original States. 15. Statistics 
 and Flags of the principal Nations of the East. 16. Chrystal Palace, Maps, Public Edifices, 
 Portraits, Ac., &c., ffic. 
 
 It also contains a large wid entirely new Map of the United States, which is of itself worth 
 the price of the book. 
 
 It is published complete in one volume, handsomely bound, with full-page Illustrations and 
 Portraits of all the Presidents of the United States, from Washington until the present time, 
 executed in the finest style of the art. 
 
 A copy of the work will be sent to any person, to any place in the United States, free of 
 postage, on their remitting 50 cents to the Publisher, in a letter, post-paid, or Two copies will 
 be Kent, free of postage, for One Dollar. 
 
 Publiihed and for sale by 
 
 T, B. PETERSON, 
 
 No. 102 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 
 31 
 
GREAT INDUCEMENTS JFORJ856! 
 
 PETERSONS MAGAZINE 
 
 The best and cheapest in the World for Ladies. 
 
 This popular Magazine, already the cheapest and best Monthly of its kind in the world, 
 will be greatly improved for 1856. It will contain 900 pages of double-column reading 
 matter; from twenty to thirty Steel Plates; and over four hundred Wood Engravings: 
 which is proportionately more than any periodical, of any price, ever yet gave. 
 
 ITS THRILLIJITG ORIGIJV^JL STORIES 
 
 Are pronounced, by the press, the best published anywhere. The editors are Mrs. Ann S. 
 Stephens, author of " The Old Homestead," " Fashion and Famine," and Charles J. Peter- 
 eon, author of " Kate Aylesford," The Valley Farm," etc., etc. ; and they are assisted by 
 all the most popular female writers of America. New talent is continually being added, 
 regardless of expense, so as to keep " Peterson s Magazine" unapproachable in merit. 
 Morality and virtue are always inculcated. 
 
 ITS COLORED FASHION PLATES IN ADVANCE. 
 
 5*3** It is the only Magazine whose Fashion Plates can be relied on. f @\ 
 Each Number contains a Fashion Plate, engraved on Steel, colored a la mode, and of 
 unrivalled beauty. The Paris, London, Philadelphia, and New York Fashions are de 
 scribed, at length, each month. Every number also contains a dozen or more New Styles, 
 engraved on Wood. Also, a Pattern, from which a dress, mantilla, or child s costume, 
 can be cut, without the aid of a mautua-maker, so that each number, in this way, will 
 save a year s subscription. 
 
 3$Bjjotintfl, imft ntjpr Itol 
 
 Its Illustrations excel those of any other Magazine, each number containing a superb 
 Steel Engraving, either mezzotint or line, beside the Fashion Plate; and, in addition, 
 numerous other Engravings, W T ood Cuts, Patterns, &c., &c. The Engravings, at the eni 
 of the year, alone are worth the subscription price. 
 
 PATTERNS FOR CROTCHET, NEEDLEWORK, etc., 
 
 In the greatest profusion, are given in every number, witli instructions how to work 
 them; also, Patterns in Embroidery, Inserting, Broiderie Anglaise, Netting. Lace-making, 
 &c., &c. Also, Patterns for Sleeves, Collars, and Chemisettes; Patterns in Bead-work, Hair- 
 work, Shell-work ; Handkerchief Corners ; Names for Marking and Initials. Each num 
 ber contains a Paper Flower, with directions how to make it. A piece of new and fashion 
 able Music is also published every month. On the whole, it is the most complete Ladies 
 Magazine in the World. TRY IT FOR ONE YEAR. 
 
 TERMS: ALWAYS IN ADVANCE. 
 
 One copy for One Year, - $2 00 
 Three copies for One Year, 5 00 
 
 Five copies for One Year, - $7 50 
 Eight copies for One Year, 10 00 
 
 Sixteen copies for One Year, - - - $20 00 
 PREMIUMS FOB. GETTING UP CX.UBS. 
 
 Three, Five, Eight, or Sixteen copies, make a Club. To every person getting up a Club, 
 our " Port-Folio of Art," containing Fifty Engravings, will be given gratis; or, if pre 
 ferred, a copy of the Magazine for 1855. For a Club of Sixteen, an extra copy of the 
 Magazine for 1856, will be sent in addition. 
 
 Address, post-paid, CHARLES J. PETERSON, 
 
 No. 103 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 4@=" Specimens /sent, gratuitously, if written for, post-paid. 
 
 4=- All Postmasters constituted Agents. But any person may get up a Club. 
 
 XSGg* Persons remitting will please get the Postmaster to register their letters, in which 
 case the remittance may be at our risk. When the sum is large, a draft should be pro 
 cured, the cost of whit-h may be deducted from the amount. 
 43 
 
T. B. PETERSON S 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 
 Cheap Book, Magazine, Newspaper, Publishing 
 
 and Bookselling Establishment, is at 
 No. 1O2 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 T. B. PETERSON has the satisfaction to announce to the public, that he has removed 
 to the, new and spacious BROWN STONE BUILDING, NO. 102 CHESTNUT STREET, 
 just completed by the city authorities on the Girard Estate, known as the most central 
 and hest situation in the city of Philadelphia. As it is the Model Book Store of the 
 Country, we will describe it: It is the largest, most spacious, and best arranged Retail 
 and Wholesale Cheap Book and Publishing Establishment in the United States. It is 
 built, by the Girard Estate, of Connecticut sand-stone, in a richly ornamental style. 
 The whole front of the lower story, except that taken up by the doorway, is occupied by 
 two large plate glass windows, a single plate to each window, costing together over three 
 thousand dollars. On entering and looking up, you find above you a ceiling sixteen 
 teet high ; while, on gazing before, you perceive a vista of One Hundred and Fifty-Seven 
 feet. The retail counters extend back for eighty feet, and, being double, afford counter- 
 room of One Hundred and .Sixty feet in length. There is also over Three Thousand feet 
 of shelving in the retail part of the store alone. This part is devoted to the retail busi 
 ness, and as it is the most spacious in the country, furnishes also the best and largest 
 assortment of ali kinds of books to be found in the country. It is fitted up in the most 
 superb style; the shelvings are all painted in Florence white, with gilded cornices for 
 the book shelves. 
 
 Behind the retail part of the store, at about ninety feet from the entrance, is the 
 ccun ting-room, twenty feet square, railed neatly off, and surmounted by a most beauti 
 ful dome of stained glass. In the rear of this is the wholesale and packing department, 
 extending a further distance of about sixty feet, with desks and packing counters for the 
 establishment, etc., etc. All goods are received and shipped from the back of the store, 
 having a tine avenue on the side of Girard Bank for the purpose, leading out to Third 
 Street, so as not to interfere with and block up the front of the store on Chestnut Street. 
 The cellar, of the entire depth of the store, is filled with printed copies of Mr. Peterson s 
 own publications, printed from his own stereotype plates, of which be generally keeps 
 on hand an edition of a thousand each, making a stock, of his own publications alono, 
 If over three hundred thousand volumes, constantly on hand. 
 
 T. B. PETERSON is warranted in saying, that he is able to offer such inducements 
 to the Trade, and all others, to favor him with their orders, as cannot be excelled by any 
 book establishment in the country. In proof of this, T. B. PETERSON begs leave to 
 refer to his great facilities of getting stock of all kinds, his dealing direct with all the 
 PubJ ; hing Houses in the country, and also to his own long list of Publications, consisting 
 of the best and most popular productions of the most talented authors of the United 
 States and Great Britain, and to his very extensive stock, embracing every work, new or 
 old, published in the United States. 
 
 T. B. PETERSON will be most happy to supply all orders for any books at all. no 
 matter by whom published, in advance of all others, and at publishers lowest cash 
 prices. He respectfully invites Country Merchants, Booksellers, Pedlars, Canvassers, 
 Agents, the Trade, Strangers in the city, and the public generally, to call and examine 
 his extensive collection of cheap and standard publications of all kinds, comprising a 
 most magnificent collection of CHEAP BOOKS, MAGAZINES, NOVELS, STANDARD 
 and POPULAR WORKS of all kinds, BIBLES, PRAYER BOOKS, ANNUALS, GIFT 
 BOOKS, ILLUSTRATED WORKS, ALBUMS and JUVENILE WORKS of all kinds, 
 GAMES of all kinds, to suit all ages, tastes, etc., which he is selling to his customers 
 and the public at much lower prices than they can be purchased elsewhere. Being lo 
 cated at No. 102 CHESTNUT Street, the great thoroughfare of the city, and BUYING 
 his stock outright in large quantities, and not selling on commission, he can and will 
 sell them on such terms as will defy all competition. Call and examine our stock, you 
 will find it to be the best, largest and cheapest in the city; and you will also be sure to 
 find all the best, latest, popular, aiid cheapest works published in this country or else 
 where, for sale at the lowest prices. 
 
 Xj- Call in person and examine our stock, or send your orders ~by mail direct, to tho 
 CHEAP BOOKSELLING and PUBLISHING ESTABLISHMENT of 
 
 T. B. PETERSON, 
 
 No. 1O2 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 
 44 
 
YB 7283 / 
 
 906812 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY