H26S7 >7 ^ A ^ A— S 5 ^ — s 1 ^ GIO 6=^1 5 S 4— i — - 4 ^ 3 •' fe Catalogue f the Bound liistorical ii;.nusci''pts ''.:,- J^/c....^^^^ CATALOGUE BOUND HISTORICAL MANUSCRIPTS COI-LECTED BY JARED SPARKS; AND NOW DEPOSITED IN THE LIBRARY OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY. CAMBRIDGE: J^rintrti at tljc J!li\jci^ilif prc^je. 1871. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES CATALOGUE OF THE BOUND HISTORICAL MANUSCRIPTS COLLECTED BY JARED SPARKS; AND NOW DEPOSITED IN THE LIBRARY OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY. CAMBRIDGE: 1871. The " Historical MSS." of Mr, Sparks have long been known. These papers were collected with intuitive skill and increasing ability during various tours, undertaken since 1819 for the pur- pose : first, in the thirteen original States ; often elsewhere in his own enlarged country ; three times in prolonged visits to Europe ; by means also of his extensive correspondence during the years 1819-1866. These letters are arranged in sixty large volumes, with a daily index. The Journals of the tours point out the de- posits of many unknown treasures ; sketching scenes, characters and incidents ; thus preserving information, and reproducing reminiscences of a period far niore remote. The Bound Historical Manuscripts, now the property of his son, with a conditional reversion to Harvard University, were at once placed within their own oaken cabinet, in the library of the Uni- versity. Erratum. — The note on Barnard should have been enclosed in brackets. Catalogue* LIST OF BOUND HISTORICAL MAINUSCRIPTS DEPOSITED IN THE LIBRARY OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY. [In the present list the titles and the notes arc, for the most part, those endorsed upon the papers by Jlr. Spirks. They are usually given in iiis own words, except where dates have been added, or where sliglit verbal chaiifies have been made for the sake of brevity. Brackets have occasionally been used to di^tinguish state- ments for which he is not responsible.] I. ENGLISH. 1 /J^INSLTE, Thomas. Journal of the most Remarkable Oc- )y% ciirrences in the Province of Quebec from the Appear- ance of the Rebels in September 1775 until their Retreat of the 6ih of May, 1776. [The original MS.] From the manuscripts of George Chalmers. Bought in Lon- don, 184.J. 2 Bennktt, Joseph. Abstracted Historical Account of New- England. To which I have added the History of our Voiage there, 1740. [The original MS.] Presented to me by William Vaughan, Esq. London, Dec. 2, 1840. 3 BoAKD OF Tkade. Joumal. 1766-1767. [The Original, or a very early copy.] From the manuscripts of George Chalmers. Bought in London, 1843. 4 Beuxard. The Papers of Sir Francis Bernard, Governor of New Jersey, and afterwards of Massachusetts. 13 vols. Vol. L-VII[ Letter Books. 1758-72. New Jer^ej", ^Massachusetts. Vol. IX-XIl. Original Correspondence. 1758-79. Mass:lchus^tts. Vol. XIIL Orders and Instructions. 1758-1761. New Jersey, Massachusetts. With repeated signatures of George the III. and the great seal, also autographs of Wm. I'itt, and Hillsborough, memorable chiefly for his subsequent conference with Franklin. Bougiit in London, 1846. These papers contain the oilicial letters of Gov. Bernard, written from New Jer- sey, until he left his residence at Perth .Vinboy, (sailing in the "' Province sloop " sent from Boston, -luiy, 1760,) — after that from Massachusetts and from England. He was an earnest man, snfhciently so to suffer from the earnestness of others. He was not wholly iii'-eiisible to the folly of the home government. While sub- jecting all things to their interest, he was not unconscious of the interest of her colonies, nor unwilling to share any prospect tor good which migiit open before them. He was active in the service of the " Indian College." It should be not just here, nor there, but in the desirable location proposed for it " in our township." His suggestions were not unwise, lie strongly urged the settle- ment of the ten townships in Maine, having plans, not too philanthropical, of transplanting there the few lumdred reluctant French, still left in New tngland. He was eager about the settlement east of the St. Croix, the river next to the 263894 Catalogue. most westerly river which enters Ujat Bay." Tlieso lands however, ranfrcd east, north, and west of his own f^raiit of Moinit I)pser(, "an island we 1 adapted" to tlie niaicinf; of potash. Thus it is tiiat tiie relic-i of her nohli; f^res's must now be souf^ht amid pr>'cipices r:irely scaled. The Governor forfei'ed his American estates. His son, howevt'r, remained on hand in Maine, and eventually shared with Mine, de (Jrcf^oire the unoccupied land of that silent Acadia. The Province of Massachusetts had long hfen a tliorn in the side of Great Britain. She called for armies, and their success bore !■ polls e.xclusively to her own feet winch passed all her expectations. She demanded profit. Wliy not with the sama result? Certainly not an unprofitable, Massachusstts was net a comfortable colony. Insubordination, confusion, alarm, are the successive complaints of these interest- infj letters. Ttie Governor sugpfested troops. The let'er nrrived for a regiment to be ordered from Ha'ifax. Such was the effort of England. Sir Francis writes: " Gen. Gage, who knows my situation, when death is publicly denounced against those who are concerned in bringing troops here, is so kind as to conceal the contents of the dispatches from me. One reg'nifnt will be enough for safety, but not enough to awe the town." June 25, 1768, he is " anxious about Castle William" (alterwards Fort Independence, now Fort Warren), but relieved by Com. Hood [see three Portraits, No. 2107.] There are now about the Castle [see engraving in Views and Designs] one 50-gun ship, two sloops of If! guns each, and two armed cutters." "I have been much persuaded to go to the Castle when the troops sIihII arrive. I do not choose to show a want of resolution; ushart time will shew whether Boston is to belong to Great Brilninornol.'' Aug. 8, however, he writes fiom "Jamaica Farm." "lam charged with leaving the town when the troops arrived. At that time I resided at my bouse in Roxbury, four miles from Boston. I was at the Castle before the ships had all come to anchor, and every morning before ten o'clock." (It seems he had not remembered to give the officers the expected dinner. ) " We have determined to remove the troops to Boston." Aiig. 20-23, the attempted '■'■distribution of stamps" was followed by the attack on Hutchinson's house. The Governor now dates from Castle William, Sept 18, '08, he surjgests (lie prorof/ntion of the Assembhj to Snlem, doubts not his own power, but requests an order from Lond n. ■' I am wholly at the mercy of the mob. I have no place of sa'ety to resort to but this fort, with a weak garrison. Here, I have got my wife and j'ounger children." After his return to Pall Mall, however, there is still for the governor a "bitter disappointment." His son omitted to forward from America two casks, ordered by Lady Bern ird, of cranberries. " The house full of guests, and no fruit in season for pyes." 5 Chalmers. American Papers. 1793-1805. 2 vols. From the manuscripts of George Chalmers. Bought in London, 1843. [A collec- tion of original papers, copies, and notes, relating to America, but chiefl}' to the British colonies.] 6 Chalmers. Annals of the United Colonies, Part Second. Copied from the original manuscript. A continuation of Chalmers's " Political Annals of the United Colonies." The " F'irst Part " was published in 1780. There is a preface written by Jlr. Sparks in the Boston edition (published in 1845 from a printed copy, suppressed in 1782) of Chalmers's Introduction to the " His- tory of the Revolt." "I have endeavored to state the charac'er of Chalmers's writings on the colonies, and the ])rinciples and points which he aims to estab- lish." — Journal of j. s. Dec. 1844. 7 Chalmers. Letter to Lord Mansfield, on the History of the American Colonies; by George Chalmers. Written in 1780. Copied from the original manuscript in the handwriting of Chalmers, 1846. The following memorandum is at the beginning of the Manuscript in Chalmers's hand- writing: "This Letter to Lord Mansfield was renlly sent to his Lordship as a letter; and it was read by his Lordship, who said that he toould icarrant the truth of it.'' 8 Chalmers. Notes and Extracts ; relating to Maryland and Virginia. 1727-61. In the handwriting of George Chalmers. Bought in Loudon, 1843. 9 Chalmers. Papers, relating to Massachusetts and Plymouth. From the manuscripts of George Chalmers. Bought in London, 1843. Catalogue. Letters of Governor Sharpe and others : chiefly concerning the American Uevohition. Copied fiom the originals, in the Office of the Secretary of State of Maryland, 1843. Also : Letters from John Barclay, 1782, Ch. Pincl7?. 8. 12 Catalogue. Vol. III. 1. Autographs, 1778, 1770. 2. Various Statements concerning Continental Money. 3. Autographs, 1779-83. 50 Rkvolution. Letters and other Papers. Copied from the originals in the oflice of the Secretary of State of Pennnylvania. 182C. [A JafRe mimbfr of the portraits of actors mentioned in these papers, British as wel a"* American, will be found in the collection of portraits, No. 2107.] The baitletielils are also largely illustrated by the maps as well as views (No. 2716) of places or of houses.] 51 Revolution. Memoranda, Historical. Chiefly relating to the Revolution. 52 Revolution. Miscellaneous Papers. 3 vols. Collected from various sources. Vol. I. 1. Dubourg's Letter to Franklin, June 1776, 2. Selections from the Papers of Silas Deaxk, 1776-85. Copied from originals in the possession of his son. 3. Letters from John Adams and the Con)missioners in Paris, 1778-83. Copied from Adams's Letter Rooks. 4. Letter from Rayneval to Monroe, and Extracts from Rayneval's Correspondence. Copied at Mr. Jladison's, April, 18-30. I have since seen the whole of Rayneval's Correspondence in the Public Archives in Paris. See large extracts in my French I'apers. 5. Matthew Ridley's Letters and Journal. 1782-83. Containing m.Tnj- errors and false suspicions respecting men and things in Paris (particularlv Dr. Franklin), as may be seen by mj' French MSS. relating to that time, and also Franklin's " Life and Writings." 6. Count d'Estaing's Correspondence. Copied from the originals in the Marine Department, Paris, 1841. Vol. II. 1. Arnold's Expedition to Canada. The original in possession of Judge Edward? of New York This copy given me bv K. R. Ward, Feb. 1831. [Arnold's original manuscript map of Quebec and his operations, etc., is among the Maps, No. 79.] 2. Arnold's Letters, 1775-80. 3. Report concerning the Highlands and Ticonderoga, Nov. 1775. [See "view" of his headquarters at Beverly House, and various MS. Maps. 4. Canada Expedition. Copied from MSS. in the Amer. Phil. Soc, Philndelphia, Feb. 1831. 5. Letters from Gen. Greene and others. 6. Life of Gen. Morgan. 7. Correspondence between Beverly Robinson and Ethan Allen, 1780-81. 8. Selections from John Langdon's Papers, 1774-83. The originals in possession of his daughter, Mrs. Elwyu, of Philadelphia. Ex- amined Jan. 1831. 9. Records of Councils of "War, copied from Washington's Papers, 1775-81. Vol. in. 1, Wm. S. Johnson's Letters, 1753-70, Copied from papers now in possession of Wm. S. Johnson of New York, March, 1831. 2. William Livingston's Letters, 1776-77. From papers of Theodore Sedgwick, Jr., New York, June, 1832. Catalogue. 13 3. Charles Lke's Letters, 1776-80. 4. Gen. Conway's Letters, 1777-78. 5. Account of Baron Steuben. 6. Letters from Lafayi^tte to Congress, 1777-82. 7. Destruction of the Tea ; Information of Hugh "William- son. See Letters on the subject in Gov. Bernard's papers, dated from Castle William. 8. Memoranda taken from Papers in the State House, Mass. 9. Report concerning Fort Montgomery, 1777. 10. Reed and Elwyn's Account of the Battle of the Brandy- wine. [See the MSS. maps of this battle, No. 79.] 11. Plan of Operations for 1778. From a paper in Washinj^ton's handwriting. 12. Operations at Newport, 1778. [See tlie definite detail in the maps of R. I. and vicinity, No. 79.] 13. D'Est.a.ing's Letter to Congress, 1778. 14. Gouvr. Morris's Letters. 15. British Attack upon N. Haven, 1779. 16. Hamilton and Dr. Gordon, 1779. 17. Combined Operations, 1780. 53 Revolution. Miscellaneous Papers ; relating chiefly to the Revolution, 1752-79. [The original papers.] From the Manuscripts of George Chalmers. Bought in London, 1843. 1. Salaries of Colonial Officers, 1752. 2. A Review of the Conduct of the Minority.- 3. Considerations on America's being dismembered from the British Empire. 4. Major Morris's Account of the Affair at Trenton, 1776. 5. Meetings in London concerning the Loyalists, 1779. 54 Revolution. Miscellaneous Papers relating to the Revolu- tion, 1777-1782. 1. Journal of a British Officer in General Howe's Army, 1777. Copied from the original. 2. Papers relating to the Northern Campaign in 1777. 3. Letters, etc., copied from the Manuscript Papers of General William Irvine. Sent to me bj' Jlr. W. A. Irvine, of Pennsylvania; 1847. 4. Letters, etc., copied from the originals among tlie Papers of Arthur Lke, deposited in the Library of Harvard College, 1856. 55 Revolution. Papers relating to the Attempted Negotiations between PZngland & the United States, during the AVar of the Revolution, 1776-79. Copied from the originals in the State Paper Office, London, under the direction of Mr. John G. Palirey, 1850. Inserted, but not bound in this volume, are "Notes in the handwriting of Henry Strachuy [I77G], Secretary, &c., &c., in the possession of Gtorge H. Moore." 56 Revolution. Selections and Memoranda made in the Public Offices of London and Paris, and in the British Museum, 1840-41. 14f Calalorjue. 57 RKVO^UTIO^f. Selections from the Manuscript Papers of General Lincoln (1779-87), GenerulWASiiiNOTON (1777-81), Dr. FuANKi.iN (177G-82), and others, and Letters from John l)AKTi{AM to Jarcd Eliot (n. d., and 17y2-G2) ; also papers on colonial trade, 173^48. 58 Rkvoi.ution. Selections from the Military Correspondence diirins; the American Revolution. Cojiic'd from the original papers in tlic State Paper Oflice. London, Jan., Feb., March, 1829. 59 RiiODK Island and Georgia. Selection from Papers in the Public Offices. Rhode I>land selected, Sept. 1826. Georgia selected, 'May, 1826. CO SciiuYLKK, etc. 1. Selections from General (Philip) Schuy- ler's Papers, 1 775-8 L 2. From Colonel (Peter) Gansevoort's Papers, 1777, etc. 3. Papers in the Public Offices of Mass"*, concerning the Affairs at Ticonderoga, 1775. 4. From an Orderly-Book, kept by Col. Ruggles Woodbridge, of Iladley, Mass., 1776. 5. From Peter Van Shaack's Papers, relating to the Loyal- ists. Written in London. 6. Major AVm. Crogiian's Journal, 1780. 61 Stormont. England and France. Correspondence of Lord Stor:mont, British Ambassador in France. 1776-78. 2 vols. Copied from the originals in the State Paper Office, London, 1857. 62 Thomson. Selection from the Papers of Chailes Thomson (1765-93). Selected in March, 1828, from papers in possession of his nephew, Mr. John Thomson, resident in Newark, Delaware. Contents: Biographical Notes of C. Thomson, by John F. Watson; Observations on Mr. Heed's notes delivered to W. M. I)[raylon concerning John Dickinson]; Resolutions of the merchants in Philadelphia; Letters of Thomson, Washington, Fijaxklin, DiCKi:z.A ^ vj - / ■ has accumulated." — s. ^^^^^^^QQ Papers [in Spanish] relating to the Early Settlements of Louisiana. 1697-1764. Copied from the originals in the public offices of Paris. 100 Rendon, etc. 1. Letters of Don Francisco Rendox, from Philadelphia, May 10-Dec. 30, 1780. Translated from the originals by H. Ware, Sept. 1857. 2. Letters of Juan de Miralles, Feb. 13, 1778, to Jan. 30, 1779. Translated. 3. Extracts translated from the Historia del Reinado de Carlos III. en Espana, por A. Ferrer del Rio. 4. Revista Espanola de Ambos Mundos, i\Iayo de 1855. Ex- tract from the article El Conde Aranda. 5. Succinct Memoir of the Operations of Galvez in Louisiana and Florida, 1781-1782. Translated from the Spanish. Unbound MSS. 101 Spanish Operations in Louisiana, 1781-83. Copied from a [Spanish] manuscript in the possession of M. Ternaux-Compans Paris, 1843. 102 Spanish Papers. Feb. 2, 1777, to Feb. 6, 1778. Transla- tion. — Letters of Count de Aranda, and Count de Flor- iDABLANCA, 1776-80. To the Count de Aranda, 1778. Unbound MSS. IV. MISCELLANEOUS. 103 Holland. Historische documenten betrefiende de Ameri- kaansche zaken van de jaren 1775-83, afgeschreven naar de originalen in het Ryks Archief te 'sGravenhage. 7 vols. In Dutch, with an English translation. 104 Verrazzano, Giovanni de. 1. Letter to the King of France, 1524. Copied from the original Italian in the Magliabecchiaa Library, in Florence. Procured bv Mr. Edward Everett. Catalogue. 19 2. Neav Sweden. '' Extrait historique sur la colonie Nova Suecia." By J. F. 15ahr. Sent to Mr. Sparks from Sweden, 1835. With a map, and three letters to C Hughes from J. F. Bahr, the first beginning, " Voici quelques notices, ramas- sees a la hate, sur la colonie." 105 Warton. Vita lohannis Fabricii, Militis Angli, scripta Anno 1G85. Life of Captain John Smitii, in Latin. Copied from the original in the Lam- beth Library, London, at my request, 1833. Among very many similar obligations, Mr. Sparks felt perhaps most deeply the many kindnesses of Lord Holland, the proofs of which did not cease with life, and his important services, in which Sir James Mackintosh took an almost equal share. Not less persevering was the interest of the 3Iarquis of Lansdowne. Conspicuous among his good offices was the free offering of his family (the Shelburne) papers. Lord Brougham " insisted that in case I should find any difficulty in prosecuting my historical researches in London , I should apply to him, and he would aid me in anj'way in his power.'' " Throughout the whole business, 1 have received from Lord Normanby the greatest courtesy." The politeness of Sir Hear}' Ellis, and of Sir Francis I'algrave; the friendl}' deeds of Colonel Aspinwall, and Mr. Petty Vaughau, "who was never weary of doing good acts," — all were held in grateful remem- brance. Our own ambassadors in France as in England, were true to the interests of American History. In Sir Robert Peel alone an obstacle was found. He was sup- posed to be "influenced by opposition to the wishes of Mr. Huskissou," whose ac- tive exertioii was most obliging. A reference to Sir Geo. Murray overruled the difficulty. "I have the strongest reason to be gratified with the civilities and lan- guage of the Earl of Aberdeen " in the Foreign Office, where was the Oswald Cor- respondence, etc., etc. In the British State Paper Office were found the New York and New Jersey Papers, " which had hitherto been overlooked, and are very valuable." Hence were derived other important MSS., and also from the Roj'al Institution, the Privy Council Office the Board of Trade, the British Museum, the Office of Journals and Papers, and many private collections. All wa'jso arranged that Mr. Sparks was enabled to have copying continued in Eurijpe, and to send for manuscripts for himself, and to point them out to others, naming hall, shelf, and page, during the j'ears which followed his return to America. At everv point of his journey from Brussels through Bonn, Giitlingen, Leipzig and Frankfort to Paris, he was fortunate. On his second visit, 1840, — that he might pursue researches commenced in 1828, — instructions were given for their continuation by the courtesy of M. Guizot, the Minister of Foreign Afi'airs at the F'rench Court. This gen- tleman published about that time his translation of Mr. Sp'irks's " Life and Writings of ^Yashington," introduced by a nob'e essay on the subject. In 18'23, after three and a half months of labor, all the work of Mr. Sparks was taken from him by order of M. Kayneval, when all his friends, M. F'erronaj's, La Fayette, le Corate d'llauterive, Hyde de Neuville Fcrussac, and the Marquis de Marbois, wliose literary labors he had shared, had left Paris. Not allowed to copy, he at once began an abridgment of thesa MSS. in his own hand. " But the historical materials will amply reward me for the labor. . . . Should no ill luck befall them, they will one day become a tribute of great value to the History of the United States." In thesa JiG3894 ^0 Catalogue. archives he afterwards found the letter of Franklin to the Count de Vergenr.cs. de- scribing Ihemnpon which he Imd marked with a stkono ked line the boundary of the United State?, as fixed by the treaty, and here among the maps it ims found, — a map almost as much opposed to American claims as was the map presented to George III. at the same time by the English Commissioners to those of Great Britain. '' My researches were continued in the archives till I had examined all the papers relating to the United States, and taken notes and extracts of all that I deemed im- portant." The MSS. relating to France and Spain were considered of a verj- deli- cate nature, and Mr. Sparks felt bound to restrain himself in selection where all, with this caution, were left to his discretion. He allowed none to be published, ex- cept so tar as they supplied historical facts and ilhiftrations. From the War De- partment there is a " curious " manuscript relating to Braddock's defeat, and the sub- sequent war in America. The very valuable papers relating to La Salle, Tocty, and .Joliet, are chiefly from the Marine Department; and the Bibliotheque Roj'ale fur- nished an original Journal of Iberville's vf.yages, a missionary's account of the Illinois Indians, 1693, " What Perricault saw during fouryears in Lriuis-iana," and Bernard de la Ilarpe's voyage, 1718-22. Among other friends from whom he acknowledged much kind attention were M. Champollion, il. Jomard. M. Mignet, and M. de Tocque- ville, in a part of whose work on America he was pleasantly a.-sociated. "Paris is the spot where more knowledge can be obtained on a given subject than any other." The valuable information oweil to Lafaj-ette, was conveyed, not only iri person at Paris, and in the daily intercourse at La Grange (.Tournal), but in abun- dant manuscripts transmitted fully to America. " I can," said Lafayette, "conceive of no better employment for myself." A list of the French officers who .served in America is derived t'rom the kindness of Mr. Warden. The remarks are dictated by Lafaj-ette. The Depot de la Guerre was rich in details of the military afl'airs of America, and of the Canadian wars, containing the correspondence of Montcalm and papers relat- ing to the mission of the Baron de Kalb. But iwirhere iras found any paper siistoin- ing the charges on the affair of Junionville. During the tour of 1840, Mr. Sparks continued to select with laborious care, in France as in England, many important works fur the University at Cambridge, whose fine collection was thus greatly enriched. Note ox Homek's " Bibliotheca Americana.' (See Catalogue, Xo. 1635a.) — A printed prospectus of this unpublished work Jlr. Sparks found during bis resi- dence at Jlount Vernon, among the papers of Washington. He could discover no clew to the MSS. until the year 1840, when, chiefly to examine it, he passed a week among the large collections of Sir Ihomas Phillips, whose " liberal and generous hospitality " w&snot confiu*d to the receptions in bis own house. He was permitted to take the Manuscript to London, and have it copied Friday, 6tli Nov., 1840. " There are five volumes, one of which appeared to have been his first sketch, and the other four the work as completed. In the whole they extend to about 1600 pages closely written, being a list of books relating to America, as far as he was able to find them, or their titles, alphabetif ally arranged according to the Authors' names, and the principal heads of the subjects of anonymous works, with references to the Libraries where they are to be found. Altogether it is a work of extraordinary labor and of great intrinsic value." "Jlr. Homer was a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford." "Examining Spanish Manuscripts, Miss Phillips has copied the full-length portrait of Montezuma, which I shall send to ^Ir. Prescott, with the titles of these papers and some account of their contents." He mentions the " draft of a bill tor taking away the charters of all the proprietary and charter colonies 1687, never passed," and a similar report from the Board of Trade to Queen Anne. Note on Ai.cedo's " Biblioteca Amekicaxa." (See Catalogue, No. 1635.) — It will be proper to call attention here to this work, and to add to the previous note that the anonymous titles are arranged in a supplement, and followed by an Index to the whole work. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY This book is DUE on the last date stamped below NOV 12 194f Form L-9-15m-2,'36 A * i • ^ V bKSlT 1 of CALIFOKNI jti AT LOS ANGELES III^RARY z 665.1 .v^^ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. APR 1 2 195C tAP^^ 8 1^^^ 7^ ^ftCD UH/ti^ :v smzami Form L9-25);i-9,'47(A5618)444 !■ LITHOMOUNT PAMPHLET BINDER 6621 Sparks -^PfiR7 C at; 3 1158 01120 960- r UC'v.._,iHI O / y a bim If -^ z e621 H2oS7 ( ^>N • '^ r ■^^:v