t
/&' > -3
ANGELES, C
fceatb'0 flPo&ern aanguaae Series
UN SERVILON Y UN LIBERALITO
6
TRES ALMAS DE DIGS
BY
FERNAN CABALLERO
EDITED WITH INTRODUCTION, NOTES, AND
VOCABULARY
BY
CARLOS BRANSBY, LITT. D.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.
D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS
BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO
COPYRIGHT, 1909,
BY D. C. HEATH & Co.
2 c o
PREFACE
The novel herewith offered to students of the Spanish
language is one of the most charming and wholesome
that Fernan Caballero ever wrote. Thoroughly Spanish
in character as well as in idiom, it is of particular value
to any one desiring to acquaint himself with what is
most genuinely national in the life and language of
Spain. On the other hand, it contains nothing that
can harm the most tender mind or shock the most re-
fined nature. It is, therefore, pre-eminently suited for
use in the class-room. For these reasons it seemed de-
sirable to prepare this edition in which the text of the
novel is supplemented by all the helps needed for such
use. The Introduction contains a brief but complete
sketch of the author's life and work. The Notes explain
every passage that seemed to present any serious diffi-
culty to the student, and give desirable information re-
garding places, noted characters, and historical events
mentioned in the story. The Vocabulary contains all
the words found in the text, and refers the forms of
irregular verbs to their infinitives.
Three different editions of the novel have been com-
pared, but the one followed here, almost exclusively, is
the Madrid edition of 1906, issued as a part of the
Coleccion de Autores Castellanos. Aside from the omis-
IV PREFACE
sion of a short anecdote in the second chapter, no mate-
rial changes have been made, even in cases where such
changes seemed desirable. Instead of taking any liber-
ties with the text itself, it has been deemed preferable
to call attention in the Notes to such errors (most of
them, doubtless, chargeable to the printer's carelessness)
and infelicities of speech as have been noticed.
The thanks of the editor are due to Miss Alice H.
Bushe'e, formerly of Madrid, for aid in the revision of
proofs, and to Don Rufino Jose* Cuervo, of Paris, for
some valuable suggestions.
CARLOS BRANSBY.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA,
June, 1909.
INTRODUCTION
With the decline of letters that began in Spain before the
close of the seventeenth century, no form of literature suffered
so much as the novel. The attempts at fiction that were made
by Spaniards when that decline was in progress, were feeble imi-
tations of the productions of other countries, chiefly France.
And so, after well-nigh two hundred years, Spanish critics and
men of letters began to ask with deep concern : " Are we never
to have again a novel springing from our own soil and express-
ing our national life and character ? "
Hope was at its lowest when El Heraldo, one of Madrid's
leading journals, published as a serial a story entitled La
Gaviota, in which Spanish customs were described and Spanish
character drawn with the fidelity and skill of a master-hand. It
was a true product of the soil the Spanish novel had again
appeared. This epoch-making publication took place in the
year 1 849. But who was the author? Readers and critics felt
certain that a Spanish Walter Scott had appeared and that La
Gaviota would be followed by other productions from the same
pen. But who wielded that pen ? Who was so brilliantly ush-
ering in a new era?
Cervantes says, at the beginning of his immortal book, that
his hero lived in a town of La Mancha, the name of which he
had no desire to remember. There is another town in La
Mancha, the name of which we all know and fondly remember.
The town itself is of small importance, for it is an insignificant
mining place of scarcely more than a thousand inhabitants ; but
its name Ferndn Caballero was the one assumed by the
Vi INTRODUCTION
author of La Gaviota, and by her made famous. With her
identity thus modestly concealed behind this nom-de-plume, \
the Spanish Walter Scott resembled the great English author !
even in remaining for a while, for thousands of readers, as " The
Great Unknown." But people learned in the course of time
that " The Great Unknown," the connecting link between the
novelists of the classic and the modern age, was a woman and
that her real name was Cecilia Bohl de Faber.
To many readers, especially to those living outside of Spain,
the sex of the author may have been a matter of surprise, but
that is because of the strange ideas held by foreigners regarding
Spanish women. To many people Carmen, in Me'rime'e's story
or in Bizet's opera, is the true type of the Spanish woman. Others
think that, at best, Spanish women can excel only in needle-
work, dancing, and music. This is a great mistake. The fact
is that in all ages, from the time she began to have a literature,
Spain has numbered some of her daughters among her greatest
writers. So good and impartial a critic as Don Juan Valera
says in reference to a great Spanish authoress of the sixteenth
century : " The women of Spain may well boast of this country-
woman of theirs and call her peerless. For, at the same height
with Cervantes, however much I may admire him, I must place
Shakespeare, Dante and perhaps Ariosto and Camoens ; Fene-
lon and Bossuet equal, if they do not excel, the two Luises;*
but every woman of letters in all of the European nations, from
the time these became enlightened and Christian, must yield
the palm and occupy a much lower place when compared
with Saint Theresa." Of another Spanish woman of letters
now living, Havelock Ellis says : " Emilia Pardo Bazdn of
aristocratic origin, and belonging, like Concepcidn Arenal, to
Galicia is today the foremost woman in Spain and perhaps,
indeed, the most notable woman of letters in Europe." It may
be remarked, in passing, that if Mr. Ellis could have read Senora
* Fray Luis de Le6n and Fray Luis de Granada, two of Spain's best
mystic writers.
INTRODUCTION Vll
BazaVs latest novels before he penned these lines, he would un-
doubtedly have omitted that qualifying word "perhaps."
Cecilia Bohl de Faber (1796-1877), author of Un Servilon y
un Liberalito, was the daughter of John Nicholas Bohl de Faber,
a German gentleman, highly educated, well versed in the Spanish
language and literature, and himself the author of two Spanish
books, Floresta Espanola and Teatro EspaTwl anterior d Lope
de Vega. Her mother was Dona Francisca Javiera Larrea, a
Cadiz lady of noble birth and high culture. Greatly to her sor-
row in after life, Cecilia did not open her eyes, for the first time,
under Spanish skies, but in Switzerland, where her parents hap-
pened to be at the time, on the way to Germany. She received
a brilliant education, partly under the direction of her grand-
mother, in Hanover, and partly under the direction of her own
mother, in Cadiz. It is very probable, however, that it was
under her father's guidance that she acquired her taste for
Spanish literature.
It is said that, when grown to womanhood, Cecilia shone in
the highest social circles of Cadiz and Seville, both on account
of her great beauty and by reason of her remarkable intellectual
gifts and attainments. She was married three times, but only
once happily. In 1816 she married Don Antonio Planells and
Bardajf, a young and handsome captain of infantry. The young
couple had to remove to Puerto Rico. Cecilia's life there was
rather a sad one ; Don Antonio failed to understand her, and
she had to endure not merely separation from her parents but
indignities heaped upon her by her husband. However, in less
than a year, the death of the latter released her from this form
of martyrdom and she returned to Spain. One of her novels
(Clemencia) gives us an insight into her inner life during that
sad period.
In 1822, while still in the fullness of her youth and beauty,
she married another army officer, Don Francisco Ruiz de Arco,
Marquis of Arco-Hermoso, a kind and genial gentleman, who
gladly allowed her to make their splendid mansion in Seville
Vlii INTRODUCTION
the meeting-place of a brilliant coterie of artists, poets, drama-
tists, and other men of letters. In their sumptuous halls their
friends could meet not only the most eminent men of Spain, but
also such foreign celebrities as Baron Taylor, William Sterling,
and our own Washington Irving. Those were, no doubt, Ce-
cilia's happiest days ; but the death of the Marquis, which oc-
curred in 1835, brought them to a sad and untimely end.
About the middle of the following year (1837) Dona Cecilia
married Don Antonio Arrom de Ayala. This union was doomed
from the very beginning to be beset with trials and sorrows, for
the bridegroom was a confirmed consumptive. Dofta Cecilia
was well aware of the state of his health, but that was precisely
the chief reason that moved her to marry him. This remarkable
step clearly shows that, in spite of her German blood and her
virility of intellect, she was very much of a Spaniard and a
woman, after all ; such instances of self-sacrifice, not always suf-
ficiently tempered with discretion, being of very common occur-
rence among Spanish women.
In addition to the illness of the husband, and partly because
of it, the couple met with heavy financial losses. Their troubles
culminated in the suicide of Sr. Arrom, in the year 1858.
In the year 1822, while spending the honeymoon with her
second husband, at a picturesque village called Dos Hermanas,
situated near Seville, Dona Cecilia heard some one relate certain
tragic incidents that had occurred in the neighborhood. These
impressed her so deeply that she decided to commit them to
writing in the form of a story. The result was her first novel,
La Familia de Alvareda. She had no intention, however, of
publishing what she had written, or of ever appearing before
the public in the capacity of a novelist. That she finally did
this, is due in a large measure to the persuasions of two emi-
nent men of letters one a Spaniard and the other an Ameri-
can in whose literary judgment she had entire confidence.
The Spaniard was Don Joaquin Mora, and the American,
Washington Irving.
INTRODUCTION IX
In the diary that Mr. Irving kept during his residence in Se-
ville, appear these two brief but interesting entries:
December 30 (1828) " Incapable of working changed my
room evening at the opera Crocciato Introduced to the
Marchioness of Arco-Hermoso, daughter of Mr. Bdhl."
Wed. 3ist (same month and year). " Call this morning with
Mr. and Mrs. Hipkins on the Marchioness of Arco-Hermoso;
make a long visit. The Marchioness relates many village (sic)
anecdotes of the village of Dos Hermanas return home and
make note of two of them evening at home."
From other records we know, however, that the Marchioness
showed him her unfinished manuscript of La Familia de Alva-
reda, and that he praised her work highly and advised her to
continue. It thus happened that the same American who had
the glory of rediscovering the neglected Alhambra and bringing
its beauties to the attention of a forgetful public, was also one
of those who had the glory of discovering the literary talents
of Dona Cecilia, and of aiding by his encouragement in bringing
them to rich fruition.
Though La Familia de Alvareda was the author's first book,
it was not the first which she sent to the press. According to
Sefior J. M. Asensio, one of her biographers and critics, her
first publication was a sketch of Sevillian manners, entitled So/a,
written in German and first published in that language in Vienna
or Hamburg, and afterwards issued in Spanish in the Semanario
Pintoresco Espanol. The same writer adds that this version
was neglected and forgotten, even by its author, and does not
appear in any of the otherwise complete editions of her works.
Others think that the translation (or was it not rather the Spanish
original?) of the German story, was embodied fully or partially
in La Gaviota, and that the latter was the first production of
her pen to appear in Spanish (1849). ^ n wna t manner and
with what results this was done has already been stated.
But whatever may or may not have been the fate of Dona
Cecilia's first story, one thing is evident: .more than a quarter
of a century elapsed from the time she began to write (1822)
X INTRODUCTION
to the time she began to publish in Spanish (1849). This, in
addition to the fact that her identity was concealed by a nom-
de-plume, seems to imply a timidity and modesty on her part
that have seldom, if ever, been paralleled.
However, the signal success attained by La Gaviota encour-
aged her to send to the press other manuscripts that she had
already in hand, and to devote herself assiduously to the pre-
paration of new books. Shortly after the appearance of La
Gaviota, she had dementia published in the Museo Espahol
and later on Un Servilon y un Liberalito appeared in a Seville
review entitled Revista de Ciencias, Literatura y Artes. The
first edition of her works, consisting of 1 3 volumes, was issued
in Madrid between the years 1855 and 1857.
Through the magnanimity of Queen Isabella II, who, in spite
of her faults, was a true patroness of literature, Dofta Cecilia
had the free use of one of the charming little houses that adjoin
the Alcazar of Seville. She dwelt there from 1856 until the year
1868, in which Isabella was deposed. Amid those romantic sur-
roundings and their still more romantic associations, she must
have found new inspiration for her labors, and it must have
been there that the greater part of her literary work was done.
When she removed to the little house in the street of Juan
Burgos, where she spent her last days, she was past seventy.
The political changes that took place in Spain at that time
caused her a terrible shock from which she never recovered.
So, after 1868, she lived in quiet retirement, absorbed in religi-
ous devotions and works of charity, and did very little literary
work.
In Chapter IV of the second volume of La Gaviota, Fernaii
Caballero expresses, through some of the characters in the
novel, her own ideas regarding her art. At a social gathering
it is proposed that the company unite in writing a novel. The
chief question that confronts them is what kind of a novel they
should undertake to write. The fantastic, the heroic, and the
sentimental novel are rejected in succession as unsuited to the
INTRODUCTION XI
nature and aptitudes of the Spanish writer. Finally they de-\
cide to write a novel of manners. Then Rafael, one of the 1
company, says : " It is the novel par excellence, being both ;
useful and pleasing. Each nation ought to write her own
novels of manners. When written with accuracy and born
from a truly observing spirit, such novels would help us im- j
mensely in the study of mankind. . . . Were I the queen, I {
should order a novel of manners to be written in every pro-
vince, without omitting anything of importance in either narra-
tive or analysis."
In writing as she did, Dona Cecilia had evidently three ]
chief purposes constantly in view. The first was to arouse I
and strengthen the national spirit in her countrymen by show-
ing them how much that was good, noble, and poetic, there
was in their manners, customs and character. The second
was to make the Spanish customs and character better known
abroad, so that the people of Spain might be better under-
stood and consequently better appreciated. As the third, and
one might say, the chief purpose, for it seemed to be constantly
before her mind and to guide every stroke of her pen, we may
put down the moral purpose, the desire to impress upon the
mind of the reader some salutary lesson.
The first two purposes mentioned above she admirably
achieved by giving the truest pictures of Spanish life and
character that had been presented since Cervantes. Such is
especially the case whenever she depicts the plain country
people, with whom she seemed to be in thorough sympathy.
This constitutes her chief merit. In carrying out the third pur-
pose, she sometimes forgot that she was an artist and remembered
only that she was a dispenser of homilies, a practice that is liable
tojiaye the effect of annoying rather than edifying the reader.
, Un Servilon y un Liberalito is the best of her short novels
anoTone of the most charming stories that she ever wrote. Its
dialogue is always lively and abounds in wit, humor and pathos.
Its characters are not only thoroughly human, but thoroughly
Xll INTRODUCTION
Spanish. Any one who is well acquainted with Spanish life
feels, on reading the book, as if he were meeting again with
some persons he had known before. Don Jose" (the servittri)
and Leopoldo (the liberalito) are especially delineated with a
strong and accurate hand.
The story, moreover, is entirely free from crimes of any kind.
Nothing in it is sensational. Its appeal is not to the worse,
but to the better nature of man. It glides along in an atmos-
phere perfumed by the Christian virtues of sincerity, charity,
loyalty and good-will, and produces in the mind of the reader a
pleasure that leaves no bitterness behind.
UN SERVILON Y UN LIBERALITO
CAPfTULO PRIMERO
EL CASTILLO DE MNESTEO
Souvent a 1'aspect d'une belle
contree on est tente de croire
qu'elle a pour unique but d'ex-
citer en nous des sentiments
eleves et nobles.
MADAME DE STAEL.*
Al contemplar una hermosa
vista suele uno sentirse llevado
a creer que es su unico objeto
excitar en nosotros sentimientos
elevados y nobles.
Ya en otra ocasidn hemos hecho mencion del antiguo
castillo de Mnesteo, 2 que existe en el Puerto de Santa
Maria, 8 y pertenece a los Duques de Medinaceli. 4 Fud
llamado de Mnesles, por haber sido construido por un
Principe fenicio 6 de igual nombre. Paso despues a la 5
dominacidn romana: luego a la de los moros; 6 hasta que,
en 1264, lo conquistd el Rey D. Alfonso el Sabio, 7 para
cuya conquista le alentd, apareciendosele, la VIRGEN de
los cristianos; en memoria de lo cual did el sabio y
religioso Rey su venerado nombre a aquella poblacidn, 10
perdiendo asf la bautizada villa 8 su pagano nombre de
Mnesteo.
2 UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO
Mas si interesase ahora a alguno de nuestros lectores
penetrar con nosotros en su recinto, le serviremos gus-
tosos de cicerone. Haremos aun mas; toda vez que en
ello le complazcamos, le haremos conocer a sus mora-
5 dores, y tendremos, segiin la expresion de una amiga
nuestra de infinite talento y gracia,* un rato de coma-
dreo.
Sentimos que, a fuer de veridicos, no nos sea posible
divertir al lector con una descripcidn liigubre y medrosa,
10 en el ge'nero de las de la autora inglesa Ann Rad-
cliff, 1 en vista de que, segiin dice Custine, 2 Pimagination
aime a f remit- (la imaginacion gusta de estremecerse).
Porque, opuestamente, para ser verfdicos, tenemos que
descender a los pormenores mas sencillos, mas candidos
15 y, si se quiere, mas triviales de la vida comun, si hemos
de describir el estado actual del castillo, de este adalid
muerto y petrificado, de este grandiose y fuerte es-
queleto con pies fenicios, cuerpo romano, cabeza mo-
risca y brazos espanoles, que ostenta el Puerto como
20 antiguo y noble blason de cuatro cuarteles sobre una
eminencia, a la entrada de su rio Guadalete, 8 a cuya
orilla, y al amparo de su valiente defensor, se ha ido
extendiendo la poblacion, como crece el vastago a la
sombra del arbol que lo crfa.
*-S Al penetrar en el recinto por la puerta que se halla
en la gran plaza a que da nombre, esto es, la plaza del
Castillo, se atraviesa un pequeno espacio, se suben unas
gradas y se entra en el compas que precede a la iglesia,
que 4 es el punto centrico del edificio. Fdrmala 5 un es-
*La Sra. D.a Espiritu Santo Moreno de Escalante. Author's
Note.
UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO 3
pacio grande abovedado, cuyo techo esta sostenido por
enormes pilares, sin tener mas luz que la que recibe por
una gran ventana que esta al pie de la iglesia, y la
toma 1 de un corral interior. No hemos podido averi-
guar el primitive destine de esta vasta pieza: si fue 5
aduana, lonja, mezquita 6 almace'n en que se deposi-
tasen viveres. Hoy es el adornado, bendito y recogido
santuario de un culto sostenido y devoto, al que con
gran asiduidad concurren los habitantes de la ciudad.
A la derecha del compas hay una escalera empinada 10
que conduce a lo alto. La plataforma 6 azotea que esta
sobre la iglesia constituye un gran espacio enladrillado,
que rue* y conserva aiin hoy dia el nombre de Plaza
de Armas. Alrededor de esta plazoleta estan las pie-
zas* que fueron morada de los caudillos y salas de 15
armas, y que hoy subdivididas forman habitaciones.
Vive en la mejor el capellan del Castillo; en otra el sa-
cristan; en otra un maestro de escuela; en la mas pe-
quena una anciana viuda: todos tipos los mas genuinos
de gentes pacificas, por lo cual uno de los formidables 20
torreones se ha convertido en oratorio, otro en cocina,
otro en palomar y otro en jardi'n. ,; Cdmo, pues, amal-
gamamos con estos objetos la aparicidn de un moro
feroz llevando su cortada cabeza debajo del brazo, 6 de
un formidable caudillo cristiano entre cuya celada se 25
divisase una calavera siniestra? 2 ,; Como podrfan oirse
gemidos ni amenazas entre las bovedas y escaleras de
aquellas torres, en que tan pacfficamente cuelgan los
chorizos y ristras de pimientos; en que tan amorosa-
*In the original it reads habitaciones instead of piezas. The
change has been made to avoid repetition. Editor's Note.
4 UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO
mente arrullan los palomos; en que tan unidas estan las
almenas con las flores, a las que sirven de reclinatorio,
y que por ellas han olvidado de un todo dardos, flechas
y arcabuces; en las que tan suaves suenan las preces, y
5 con tan esforzado qut se me da d ml retumba el domes-
tico almirez? 1 ... No, no; allf no hay malos espiritus,
asombros, ni horrores: las oraciones, el sol de Dios, la
paz material y la del alma, las buenas conciencias y las
flores los han ahuyentado.
10 Si nos asomamos por la ventana de la sala del cape-
Han, que esta a la derecha de la plaza de Armas, vemos
un corral, que serfa quizas el cementerio en tiempos de
guerra, convertido en un diminuto huerto, presidido por
una aislada y austera torre cuadrada, en la que se han
15 amontonado gran cantidad de huesos de bizarros cris-
tianos y valientes moros enterrados en aquel lugar. En
cuanto a los huesos romanos que allf puedan hallarse,
deben bailar de contento al considerar que la tierra, a
fuerza de oir su famosa plegaria, de que les sea ligera, se
20 ha ido aligerando hasta el punto de no cubrirlos. 2 Los
honrados moradores actuales del castillo suplicaron
atentamente a estos huesos errantes que cediesen su sitio
a las coles y rabanos, a la hierbabuena y al perejil, y que
se fuesen apinando en amor y compania en aquella torre,
25 testigo de sus hazanas. Los huesos no se negaron a
acceder a lo que con tan buen modo se les pedfa, y allf
estan sin que nadie se meta con ellos, sino unos preciosos
conejos caseros, que viven, juegan y procrean alegre y
pacificamente a su liigubre sombra.
30 Necesaria es, pues, una fuerza de abstraccion qut
no le cs dada sino al historiador 6 al anticuario para
UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO 5
poder prestar todo el vivo y solemne colorido de su he-
roico pasado a aquella mansidn del sol, de flores, de paz \
y silencio, de lindos animalitos caseros y de buenos \
vecinos.
Hasta los ecos que repitieron los belicos sonidos de 5
trompas y clarines han cafdo en un obstinado mutismo,
no queriendo descender a alternar con el canto del
gallo, cantor que, cual no otro, cumple con una de las
primeras reglas de su arte, que es la de echar la voz;
con la algarabfa de las golondrinas que charlan hasta 10
por las alas; 1 con el ronco y poco armonioso arrullo de
los palomos, amantes formales, fieles y comedidos; ni con
los destemplados arranques de los patos poco filarmoni-
cos, que sin la mas minima aprehension, hieren el aire
que los rodea y los oidos que los oyen; pero ni aun con 15
los alegres cantares del canario saltimbanquis, que pre-
fiere a las de laurel coronas de jaramago.
Un lugar hay, sin embargo, en que la mente deja de
sonreir y el alma se eleva ampliamente a otras esferas.
Es este la plataforma de las altas torres que, coronadas 2
de sus almenas, se alzan erguidas en su ancianidad y
abandono, tan bellas, tan derechas, y tan senoras, como
cuando dominaban y defendian el pai's.
La vista que desde su altura se descubre admira,
eleva, embelesa, y, si nos es permitido decirlo, deslum- 25
bra. jTal es el esplendor de la atmosfera, 2 del cielo y de
la mar, la lontananza de los horizontes, la belleza de
los objetos y lo grandioso del inmenso paisaje que
desde aquellas alturas se presenta a la vista!
Al lado del Sur se extiende en toda su majestad y su 30
brillo el mar, que hacia la izquierda viene a ostentar,
6 UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO
sobre la barra que precede al rfo Guadalete, el garbo de
sus olas y la blancura de sus espumas. Al frente se ve
a Cadiz, 1 que, aunque distante dos leguas, muestra claro
sus tersos y delineados contornos, como dibujados con
5 firme pulso en el esmalte del horizonte.
A la izquierda, siguiendo con la vista el recto camino
real por medio de un verde coto, se llega con e*!, a las dos
leguas, al elegante Puerto Real, 2 y siguiendolo despuds
en su curva, se llega a la isla, 6 ciudad de San Fer-
10 nando, 8 donde muere entre albinas la bahfa, dejandoles
por legado gran cantidad de la afamada sal, que en
blancos montes apinan. En lontananza se extiende
Chiclana* en su llano, llevando por bandera una ruina,
que fue' lindfsima capilla de Santa Ana, y se encarama
15 Medina 6 en su monte, como vigilando sus verdes campos
y sus ganados.
Volviendo la vista a la derecha, se ve subir la carre-
tera en suave cuesta 6 por entre vinas y arboledas, la
que mas adelante se arrastra por ricos campos de trigo,
20 hasta llegar a Sanliicar de Barrameda. 7
Al Norte, esto es, en direccion opuesta al mar, vese
el camino de Jerez 8 atravesar la vega, derecho, como el
que quiere llegar pronto, y torcer despues a la derecha,
para salvar los altos cerros, en cuyo seno se ocultan las
25 magnfficas canteras que hace tantos siglos estan for-
mando los edificios que levanta el hombre y dedica, ya
al culto, ya a labrarse sus moradas, y, despue's de pasar
cerca de lo que fueron ruinas del castillo de dona
Blanca, 9 desaparece detras del monte.
30 Este castillo, de que apenas resta vestigio, fue edificado
por D. Alonso el Sabio sobre una eminencia que domi-
UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO 7
naba el rfo; pero el rfo ha tornado las de Villadiego,
como un deserter, si no a sus banderas, a su cauce.
Relevado, por consiguiente, el castillo del cargo de vigi-
larlo, cansado de su soledad y de su far nien/e, se ha
caido como una barraca, sin respeto a su poetico nom- 5
bre de CASTILLO DE DONA BLANCA, nombre que debe a la
tradicidn, que jura y perjura que en aquel solitario al-
bergue encerrd el rey don Pedro 1 a la mujer que le faltd
a la fe debida.
Vese tambien en la vega otro objeto lleno de actuali- 10
dad y palpitante de intcres (segun se expresan en francos
traducido 2 los periddicos de la corte y sus socios de las
provincias), se ve, sf, se ve, poniendo cuidado d sacando
un anteojo de larga vista, el camino de hierro ; pero . . .
jque chico! jque mezquino! Cuando en seguida se baja 15
la vista y se mira aquel castillo de otras edades, tan
grande, tan fuerte y sdlido; cuando se miran las igle-
sias seculares, alii, en Cadiz, en Puerto Real, serenas 6
inmutables entre huracanes, vicisitudes, guerras y si-
glos . . . y se compara a esa moderna o bra magna, no 20
puede uno menos de considerar que mientras mas se
emancipa el hombre de Dios mas mezquinas, effmeras e
inconsistentes son, no solamente sus ideas, sino tambie'n
sus obras.
Sirven de punto de vista 8 a este cuadro del Norte los 25
montesde Ronda, que el San Cristobal 4 tiene a sus pies,
mientras alza su cabeza entre nubes.
Esta vista toda es magnffica y grandiosa. Ostenta el
pai's tan abierta y completamente sus contornos como
muestra su fndole una persona franca. Todo lo alcanza 30
la mirada que, despues de vagar con delicia por la tierra,
UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO
tan bella como la ha hecho Dios, se alza al cielo, mas
bello aiin, lleno de admiracidn y gratitud, ofreciendo
ambos al Criador, que agradecer es amar, y admirar es
tributar homenaje.
5 Pero volvamos a bajar con cuidado, para no perder
pie, los vetustos y carcomidos escalones de las escaleras,
y regresemos a la Plaza de Armas, la mas pacifica del
mundo, que conserva su nombre a pesar de ser el mas
descarado anacronismo como prueba palpable de la
10 fuerza de la tradicidn.
A la derecha de la escalera esta la habitacidn del
sacristan, que es la menos buena, por tener luces a co-
rrales; 1 en dsta es donde se halla el torreon, poco elevado,
sobre cuyo turbante de almenas ha puesto la sobrina del
15 sacristan una corona de flores.
Una vez en la Plaza de Armas, vemos a la izquierda
la habitacidn de la viuda, duefta del corral de gallinas y
del torredn-palomar, torreon bonachdn que no se des-
dena de proteger al palomo perseguido por el gavilan,
20 como protegid a Prfncipes contra Reyes, a caudillos
contra caudillos.
A la derecha esta la habitacidn del capellan, que es
la mejor, y tiene la hermosa torre ochavada que le sirve
de oratorio, y donde la VIRGEN DE LA PAZ la derrama 2
25 en los corazones.
Al frente esta la habitacidn en que vive el maestro de
escuela, D. Josd Mentor, con su buena mujer D. a Esco-
lastica y su buenfsima 8 hermana D. a Liberata.
No hemos querido describir las anteriores habitacio-
30 nes por no cansar al lector, quien es probable que no
sienta la simpatfa que tenemos nosotros por el castillo
UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO 9
de Mnesteo. Pero, en cuanto a dsta, nos precisa descri-
birla graficamente, por ser en ella en la que van a tener
lugar 1 la mayor parte de los eventos que vamos a referir.
Despuds de atravesar la alegre y tranquila plaza lla-
mada de Armas por antonomasia, en la que en lugar de 5
fieros hombres de guerra se ven, como ya indicamos,
hermosos palomos que andan presumidos volviendo sus
cabecitas para lucir los tornasoles de su plumaje, se
entra en una pequena antesala 6 pasadizo, que a la iz-
quierda tiene una puerta que da entrada a un cuarto 10
con una ventana a la Plaza de Armas, y que es el que
ocupa D. a Liberata.
fintrase por este pasadizo a la sala, que es lindi'sima
por tener al andar una azotea 2 que domina la pescade-
ria, la aduana, el muelle, el rio, y va a descansar en el 15
siempre verde coto de la orilla opuesta. 8 La sala esta
aseadamente amueblada, con su estera, sus sillones de
caoba, que cubren con una careta de tela de algodon
bianco unas crines contemporaneas de las de Bucefalo 4
que, cansadas de sentirse aplastadas, se esfuerzan por 20
salir de su purgatorio. En el testero hay una mesa pu-
ritana, sin ninguna clase de adorno, sobre la cual se ve
un nicho de caoba y cristales que encierra una hermosa
efigie de la VIRGEN. En la pared cuelga un/cuadro
antiguo, de poca estima como obra artistfc'a, pero de 25
muchfsima como objeto de veneracion, qne representa
al Santo de la profunda y sincera devocion de la fami-
lia, de padres a hijos, San Cayetano. 5
Debajo de este cuadro, en otro de mediacana pin-
tado de negro, esta un mamarracho con una banda azul 30
y blanca, que pasa por el retrato de Don Fernando VII, 6
10 UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO
y fud colocado allf por el dueno cuando la guerra de la
Independencia. 1
A la izquierda, a los pies de la sala, hay una puerta
pequena, por la que se entra en la alcoba del matrimo-
5 nio, la cual tiene ventana a la referida azotea, y no
tiene nada de notable sino una cdmoda papelera vetusta
y secular, cuya tapa viene a cerrarse en diagonal sobre
una tabla angosta, en la que se ven un CRUCIFIJO y al-
gunos libros; y encima de la cdmoda, colgado en la
10 pared, otro cuadro de San Cayetano.
Esta alcoba tiene una puerta que comunica con un
pasadizo triangular, en cuyo extremo esta. la entrada
del valiente torredn convertido en cocina. ^Quidn vid
nunca un caballero con cota de malla y lanza en ristre,
15 convertido en ranchero? Con entrada a ese mismo pa-
sadizo hay un cuarto pequeno con ventana a la Plaza de
Armas, que sirve de comedor a la familia.
En este partido (nombre que se da en Andalucfa a
cada una de las partes en que se divide un edificio
20 grande, para que sirva a vecinos), vivfa desde innume-
rables afios la familia del maestro de escuela. Ahora,
pues, que conocemos el local, vamos a ocuparnos de los
habitantes que han sucedido en el a fenicios, romanos y
moros, y a los guerreros del Sabio Rey; 2 esto es, los
25 gorriones y tdrtolas que se han posesionado del nido
abandonado por las aguilas y milanos.
Es de suponer que, si los miembros de la Sociedad de
la Paz tuviesen noticias de las transformaciones que en
beneficio de esta ha sufridfrel descrito castillo, ese ledn
30 hecho cordero, ese Hercules hilando, ese Aquiles vestido
de Matrona, ese dragon narcotizado, lo hubiesen elegido
UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO II
para punto de reunidn de sus sesiones; pues, cierta-
mente, con plena aprobacidn de sus habitantes, se ha-
brian podido anatematizar en aquella Plaza de Armas
todas ellas, 1 inclusas las flechas de Cupido.
CAPfTULO II
TRES ALMAS DE DIGS
Bienaventurados los pobres de ...
espiritu.
EVANGELIC DE SAN LUCAS.
II est vrai que la grandeur selon
les hommes n'est pas la grandeur
selon Dieu.
ALEXANDRE DuMAS. 2
Don Jose Mentor era, como ya hemos dicho,un maestro V
de escuela. Los adelantos de la epoca atrasaron al pobre \
D. Jose: 8 el colegio, la gratuita, la escuela mutua, 4 aque-
llos rayos de las luces del siglo le arrebataron todos sus
ninos, como lo habian hecho los de Apolo con los de
Niobe. 5 Pero D. Jose' no se descorazond : siguid viviendo\io
en su pacifico castillo, en su tranquilo hogar dome'stico, )
con su mujer y su hermana, en paz y en gracia de Dios, j
tan confiados los tres en el Santo de su devocidn, SaiT
Cayetano, abogado de la Providencia, 6 que a ninguno
robd su desgracia un cuarto de hora de sueno. 15
Don Jose contaba con un vitalicio en que vendid una
casa ruinosa. Consisti'a aquel en una peseta diaria
< que tal serfa la finca ? vitalicio que, con su imprevisidn
de nino, puso sobre su cabeza, sin acordarse de que su
mujer y su hermana deberian probablemente sobrevivirle. 20
12 UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO
Tenfa algunos otros recursos: era el uno llevar del brazo
a misa a una anciana extranjera ciega, por cuyo obsequio
recibfa tres cuartos; y era otro, algunas lecciones de leer
y de escribir que daba a las Maritornes 1 con pretensiones
5 de ilustrarse, con lo que lograban leer novelas perversas,
descuidar sus quehaceres y la aguja, y llevar calcetas con
puntos.
Mire usted, nifta soli'a decir D. Jose* a las tallu-
das discfpulas que hacfan palotes : i ve usted esas
10 viguitas del techo ? Pues asf deben ir, derechitos y bien
alineados.
Don Jose era feo precise es confesarlo, que amor no
quita conocimiento; 2 de un feo que llamaba la aten-
cidn. Sus narices, desmedidamente salientes y gruesas,
15 necesitaban todo el extremado largor de la cara en que
se ostentaban para vivir en paz con la boca y la frente,
sus vecinas. No eran menos largas sus orejas, ni menos
gruesos sus labios, siendo el inferior colgante y pen-
diente como pabellon. Sus ojos pequenos, enterrados en
20 gruesos parpados, 8 tenfan una expresion bondadosa, a
la par que atonita 6 curiosa: lo que era debido a SIL
sordera; y eran cobijados por unas cejas tremendas,
que formaban un entrecejo formidable, el cual hubiera
sentado bien en un busto de Jupiter, pero que estaban
25 en la cara de nuestro buen don Josd completamente
fuera de lugar, y podfan competir con la carabina de
Ambrosio. Era alto, y su cuerpo se habia torcido de
una manera lastimosa, teniendo un hombro muy alto y
otro muy bajo, como si se esforzase en probar que nada
30 hay igual en este mundo que es lo que le hace origi-
nal nada ... j ni aun los hombros en un mismo sujeto!
UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO 13
Sin embargo, cuando por Semana Santa 6 el dfa del
Corpus vestia D. Jose' un frac negro que estreno a prin-
cipios del siglo, y salfa pavoneandose y arrastrando los
pies, su mujer y su hermana le segufan con la vista al
atravesar la Plaza de Armas, mirandose despuds con 5
una sonrisa de satisfaccidn que parecia decir: /Que se
presente otro/ 1
Dona Liberata tenfa la misma fealdad que su hermano,
en pequeno, asi como la misma sordera, aunque como
mujer era menos torpe, y se enteraba mas pronto de lo 10
que deseaba saber, 6 de lo que se le quen'a comunicar.
Ligera, dispuesta, hacendosa, acudia a todo con paso
menudo y precipitado, y ayudaba a los gastos cosiendo
ajeno. Nunca se habi'a casado por no habersele presen-
tado ocasion, ni haberla ella buscado jamas. 15
Dona Escolastica era algo gruesa, muy pastorona, sin
hiel, como los palomos pisaverdes que paseaban la Plaza
de Armas ; de un feo menos subido, pero de una insulsez
mas marcada que su cunada.
Estas tres personas, tan semejantes, existfan felices y 2p
bien avenidas en medio de sus escaseces, no amargaban
su pan con quejas ni su vida con apuros, y nunca se
vieron en la triste situacion, a que gradualmente fueron
descendiendo, genios mas alegres, ni indoles mas apaci-
bles, 2 pues la alegria y la apacibilidad las dan las con- 25
ciencias limpias y la fe virgen y firme 3 que poseen los
ricos de corazdn y pobres de espfritu. 'Este su envidia-
ble temple de alma, esta completa sumisidn y confianza
en Dios crea la mansedumbre, y dsta ahuyenta los an- j
gustiosos cuidados, los excesos de la sensibilidad, la hiel 30
contra los hombres y las cosas. Y, sobre todo, crea el
14 UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO
hermoso don de la conformidad, que espontaneamente
brota en las almas de aque'llos, y que las cobija con su
dulce sombra, sin que noten ellos siquiera que la tran-
quilidad de su espfritu es debida 4 la excelencia de sus
5 almas, y que el epi'teto burlesco de ALMA DE Dios con
que con tanta ligereza los ridiculiza el mundo, significa
nada menos que haber llegado al apogeo del cristianismo.
Ha dicho muy bien Dumas que la grandeza segiin Dios \
no es la grandeza segiin los hombres. 1 For lo cual nada
10 de extrano tiene que, a pesar de la bondad de los indi-
viduos que hemos descrito, ocupasen en la sociedad
una posicion mas que subalterna, tanto por su clase,
como por su pobreza, como por su desgraciado exterior,
como por esas mismas virtudes que desdena el mundo,
15 ese senoron que en nuestro globo se emancipa de su
Criador, relegandole ;y gracias! 2 a los templos y a
los libros, no sin mofarse de los que sacan su santo
Nombre de la clausura de las obras teologicas, que no
lee. Miran los hombres descreidos que a dl pertene-
20 cen estas virtudes de alto abajo, como miran los bu-
llidores delfines y peces espadas que se agitan en la
superficie del mar a la perla que tranquila yace en el
firme fondo.
Para principiar nuestra relacidn desde el principio
25 como suele hacerse es precise retroceder al ano 1823^
en cuya dpoca estaban el castillo y sus habitantes iddn-fr
ticos a como los volveremos a hallar despuds y a como
los hemos descrito. Hay personas que no tienen ju-
ventud, asf como hay otras que son j<5venes toda su
30 vida, no sdlo en su sentir, sino hasta en su ffsico;
jovenes arrugados, modernizados con modas de Paris,
UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO 15
embalsamados con ungiientos, encurtidos con esencias,
a cuyos miembros no pesan y a cuyas cabezas no sirven
de lastre los anos. Si a las primeras falta la fragancia
de la primavera, a los segundos falta la madurez del
otono. 5
Como hemos dicho, el torredn del angulo izquierdo
servi'a de cocina a la familia del ex-maestro de escuela.
Una noche de dicho verano estaba D. a Liberata majando
con el mayor ahinco la miga, el ajo, la sal y el tomate
para el gazpacho. Aunque no hubiese sido un poco 10
sorda, la atencidn profunda que prestaba a su faena y
los vigorosos golpes que daba al mortero habrfan bas-
tado para abstraerla completamente. jCual sen'a, pues,
su asombro, cuando, de repente y como llovido de la
bdveda, se vid a un hombre en f rente de ella! Las 15
cejas de D. a Liberata que como las de su hermano,
tenian una aptitud particular para alzarse, formando un
arco agudo arrastraron detras de si a los parpados,
dejando sus ojitos negros desmesuradamente abiertos;
su boca los imito, y la mano del mortero quedd levan- 20
tada inmdvil en la suya!
Un ladrdn en aquel Castillo, donde no habfa nada que
robar, era un fendmeno mas extrano y sobrenatural que
hubiese podido serlo la aparicidn de un moro d de un
romano. 25
Sin embargo, la persona aparecida no justificaba tanto
espanto. Era un joven de unos veinte anos; traia una 1
chaqueta y un pantaldn estrafalario, y en la cabeza una I
gorra con visera y dsta muy echada a la cara. 1 Un tanto
de barba juvenil, que no habia sido afeitada en varios 30
di'as, daba alguna sombra y algo de varonil a aquel
1 6 UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO
rostro de colegial. De estatura mediana, tenfa ele-
gantes formas, y su flexible cuerpo parecfa hallarse poco
a gusto en el traje que llevaba, en el cual se movfa
extrano impaciente, 1 como la serpiente que ansfa por
5 soltar y zafarse de su deslucida piel, cuando debajo tiene
otra mas adherente, mas lucida y mas nueva.
Pe .. . . ro . . . articuld D.a Liberata, que no pudo
acabar de pronunciar el nombre de sus hermanos. 2
Senora dijo el aparecido: me vausted a perder.
10 Soy perseguido por fieros esbirros; he trepado por las
grietas de este desmoronado muro con la intencidn de
entrar por esa abierta ventana y con la esperanza de
hallar pechos nobles 6 independientes que amparasen
una vfctima del despotismo.
15 Dona Liberata, que era sorda, que era novicia en per-V
cances aventureros, y que a esto anadfa el haber perdido
la cabeza por el miedo, contesto temblando :
jSenor! ;Por la Virgen del Carmen! Somos unos
pobres; a mi hermano le ban cerrado la escuela; yo no
20 he cobrado todavfa la costura de esta semana. Nada
tengo, sino mi rosario y mi caja de plata ; si usted los
quiere. . .
La pobre D. a Liberata metio con dolor profundo su
temblorosa mano en la faltriquera.
25 El aparecido, haciendose cargo de la dificultad de oi'do
de su interlocutora, se acercd a ella, y le dijo:
Yo no soy ladron.
^ No ? 8 contesto D. a Liberata algo tranquilizada
y soltando con i ntima satisfaccion el rosario y la caja de
30 plata que tenfa asidas . Pues entonces, a qud se
entra usted a deshoras por las ventanas?
UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO 17
Porque un poder tiranico me persigue para pren-
derme contestd en recia voz el aparecido.
Las cejas de D. a Liberata, que habi'an emprendido su
descenso, se remontaron instantaneamente.
^ Que ? ,; quieren prender a usted ? j Ave Maria 5
Purfsima! exclamd angustiada . jste ha hecho
una muerte ! anadid mentalmente ; si chisto me
deja en el sitio. 1 jDios tenga misericordia de mi!
El desconocido conocid cuanto pasaba por la aterrada
mente de su interlocutora, y se apresurd a decirle: i
No he cometido delito alguno , soy un prdfugo I
politico.
Esta voz culta que significa fugitive, errante, y que ha
sido aplicada por la ley al que se substrae al servicio de
las armas, el pueblo la ha adoptado con la variante de
prefulo, y ha hecho de ella la denominacidn generica y
exclusiva de aquel que acude a la huida para escapar al
sorteo. 2 Bajo este concepto inspira siempre un ,prefulo
interes y lastima.
J
\]nprefulo? jpobrecito! dijo la buena D. a Libe- 20
rata, volviendo sus cejas a ocupar su Ifnea recta .
Vamos, este usted sosegado anadid con bondad ,
que nosotros no le hemos de delatar. Pero voy a avisar
a Escolastica y a Pepe, para que no se asusten.
Dona Liberata se fue, con los pasitos cortos y precipi- 25
tados que le eran propios, dejando abierta la ventana
por la que habia entrado el fugitivo, y la puerta por la
que ella salid, con tanta confianza en el intruso como
terror le habia inspirado al aparecerse.
Don Jose que, mediante a ser sordo, tenfa algo de des- 30
confiado y otro algo de grunon ( ambas cosas, empero, en
15
l8 UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO
dosis muy inofensivas), 1 no estuvo tan propicio como su
hermana para esconder a un fugitive, ni para creer sobre
su palabra que lo fuese por huir de la quinta.
j Que prdfugo ! . . . grund con su gruesa y pastosa
5 voz; jsi ahora no hay quintal 2 lse es un prdfugo,
pero prdfugo de presidio. Los tiempos estan revueltos,
y cuando esto sucede hacen los tunantes de las suyas.
^Por que le dejaste entrar?
^ Acaso me pidid licencia ? contestd su hermana .
10 Pero, mira, Josd: no tiene mala traza, y es casi un chi-
quillo.
jChiquillo que de noche trepa por las paredes y
allana las casas ! . . . nada, nada ; que se vaya . . . d voy a
llamar a la guardia.
15 jHombre! como se va, si esta cerrado el castillo
y es precise despertar al sacristan para que abra la
puerta ! . . . observe Dona Escolastica.
Que se vaya por donde ha venido ; no quiero h'os
con la justicia, ni dimes ni diretes con los franceses,
20 aunque no scan e'stos los malvados de Napoleon. 8
Pepe, no te conozco; ique' despiadado estas! le
IrtsJ .' t"
dijo su hermana . Por los cantos descarnados ha po-
dido subir, pero no se puede bajar por ellos.
Mientras que con su acostumbrada calma discutfan
25 D. Jose", su hermana y su mujer el asunto, el fugitive,
cansado de esperar, habia seguido el camino que vid to-
mar a D.* Liberata, y se presentd de repente con mucha
soltura a los ojos atdnitos del trio.
Don Josd fruncid sus cejas jupiterianas, y se levantd
30 erguido, con su hombro izquierdo mas remontado que
nunca.
UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO 19
Pero el que se presentaba no era hombre a quien im-
pusieran las cejas de D. Jose", puesto que si la impavidez
y el sans fa^ on francos se hubiesen unido, habrfan engen-
drado al que se presentd a su vista. Habiase quitado
el prdfugo su fefsima gorra, y levantado de sobre su 5
f rente, tersa y erguida, sus negros rizos; su boca sonrefa, .
luciendo la bella dentadura que la adornaba, y diri-
giendose a su huesped, dijo con gran frescura:
- ,; Usted es D. Jose Que-se-yo-que, hermano de esa
senora Que'-se-yo-cuanto, a la que he dado, mal que me 10
pese, un susto magno ?
Don Jose Mentor, servidor de usted 1 contestd
D. a Escolastica : no ha of do a usted porque es un
poco tardo. 2 . . .
,; Mentor? exclamd, soltando una carcajada el 15
aparecido : por consiguiente, ustedes seran los Calip-
sos de esta gruta, y yo vengo de molde para ser el Teld-
maco. 8
I Que dice? preguntd D. Jose a su mujer.
Que se llama Teldmaco contesto esta. 20
No digo eso repuso alzando la voz y redoblando
sus carcajadas el aparecido ; me llamo Leopoldo Ar-
daz. jAy! anadid, golpeandose la f rente : lo primero
que me encargd Ramon fue que ocultase mi nombre.
No hay cuidado por eso advirtid don Jose* , 25
que lo que a usted ni a nadie pueda perjudicar no saldra
nunca de nuestros labios. j Mas que fuese usted 4 Ba-
rrabas en propia persona ! Ademas ... yo no lo he oi'do.
La hermana, que se preciaba de oir mejor que su her-
mano, se acercd a su of do y le dijo sin gritar: 30
Se llama D. Deopolvo Ardaz.
20 UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO
El hue'sped volvid a empezar a reirse, y como la risa
se pega, sobre todo entre gentes sin hiel, uno despues de
otro se pusieron todos a reir.
Pero, vamos al caso dijo despue's de un rato
5 D. Jose' ; aunque usted perdone, 1 Busted quidn es,
. Sr. Ardaz ? ,; Que' ha hecho, y por qu^ se esconde ?
.iQuie'n soy? contestd dste . Un hombre libre.
I Que he hecho? [Defender la libertad! ^Por qud me
escondo? Porque volvemos a los tiempos y se puso a
10 cantar en que se asaba, cual salmonetes, la carne
humana. 2
j Dios del cielo ! jUnnacionalde Madrid! exclamd
asustado D. Josd.
; Jesus, un tragalista! murmurd temblando D.
15 Escolastica.
jMadre mia, un bullanguero! 8 dijo con dolor D. a
Liberata.
Vamos dijo Leopoldo, que notd la impresidn que
habia causado su terminante declaracidn , conozco que
20 deben ustedes estar en dudas sobre mi persona; pero voy
a tranquilizar a ustedes. Denme avios de escribir; escri-
bire a quien saiga responsable de mf, y Ilevara usted la
carta, Sr. Mentor.
Que lleve yo la carta a las diez de la noche, y quizas
25 a los quintos infiernos ! ; En eso estaba yo pensando ! *
gruni'a Don Jose', mientras estaba escribiendo su huesped.
Despues de cerrar la esquela, preguntd este a D. Jose':
I Usted conocera al Gobernador? 5
^D. Juan de Soto? jPues no le he de conocer! 6
yj Vaya usted a su casa; pregunte por su ayudante
Valverde, y entr^guele en mano propia esta esquela.
UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO 21
i El ayudante del Gobernador ! exclamd D. Jose .
Este se quiere perder, y nos va a comprometer pensd
apurado ; y anadid en voz recia : Senor: es tarde.
No le hace; vaya usted.
Es que el castillo esta cerrado. 5
Haga usted que le abran.
jCascabeles con el mocito este, y c<5mo sabe man-
dar ! j Parece que en su vida ha hecho otra cosa ! 1
grund D. Jose.
Pepe le dijo su hermana : complacele; seconoce 10
que es persona fina.
Lo mismo me da a mf, si es delincuente, que sea
fino 6 que sea basto.
Hombre, si se vale de ti, ,; le has de huir la cara? 2
le dijo su mujer . Haz lo que te dice en caridad, que 15
e*l sabra lo que le conviene ; j es tan bonito !
jPues mire que recomendacidn para un consejo de
guerra ! . . . j Y si siquiera lo pidiese con buen modo ! . . .
grund D. Jose', y salid arrastrando los pies, precedido
de su hermana, que iba alumbrando con el veldn. 20
22 UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO
CAPfTULO III
UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO 1
Las plazas abundaban en legis-
ladores de vemte anos, que encon-
traban a Cristo demasiado viejo,
y que deseaban suplirle arrogan-
dose el cuidado de dirigir la hu-
manidad.
JULIO SANDEAU. 2
No es el tormento, sino la causa,
lo que constituye el martirio.
SANTOS PADRES.
Apenas habfa transcurrido un cuarto de hora, cuando
se oyeron pasos acelerados por la plaza de Armas, y en-
tro la persona a quien iba dirigida la carta, que se preci-
pito hacia el recien venido, al que abrazo, exclamando :
5 jLeopoldo! jLeopoldo! jTu aqui; tvi, escondido!
iQue locura 6 que desgracia es esta?
Dona Escolastica y D. a Liberata se retiraron consi-
deradamente, y se fueron con una luz a aguardar a su
Pepe en la escalera.
10 Cuando estuvieron solos, hizo Leopoldo la siguiente
relacion a su amigo:
Habiendose unido mi regimiento a las tropas del
Rey, tres oficiales, que e'ramos exaltados, desertamos.
Pudimos llegar a Gibraltar, 8 donde nos recibieron los
15 ingleses como he'roes, y nos embarcamos disfrazados,
llevando pasaportes con nombres supuestos, y con algu-
nos pasajeros de pe'simas trazas, en un queche con des-
tino a Cadiz; pero apresados por una lancha canonera,
fuimos traidos aquf. Como esto sucedid de noche, pude
UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO 23
esconderme entre los dobleces de una vela que estaba
arrollada en el camarote. Los demas fueron desembar-
cados, y yo permanecf todo el dla en mi escondite ; pero,
llegada la noche, salf y me di a conocer a los dos mari-
neros que habfan quedado guardando la embarcacion. 5
Estos me depositaron sigilosamente en tierra, y atrave-
saba- la plaza de la Pescaden'a cuando of que desde la
casilla del muelle me llamaban. Aunque era claro que
esto sen'a para cerciorarse de que no llevaba contra-
bando, no crei prudente exponerme a ninguna clase de 10
registro, y prosegui mi camino.
Entonces oi que salfan a alcanzarme, y para que no
lograsen su intento, puse mis piernas a todo vapor. No
sabiendo d<5nde refugiarme, presentdse ante mi el torreon
de ese castillo, con su abierta y alumbrada ventana, que 15
parecia decirme: Pase usted adelante. Sabes desde
el colegio que soy buen gimnasta; trepando por los in-
tersticios de los descarnados cantos, subi a la ventana,
por la que entre, y me encontre frente a frente con una
de las castellanas de este castillo, a la que apareci, bajo 20
la celada de mi yelmo (vulgo a la sombra de mi visera),
algun Orlando furioso 6 Barbarroja renegade * . . . y . . .
colon'n Colorado, cate usted mi cuento acabado. 2
^Y que hacemos ahora? 8 exclamd Valverde apu-
rado. 25
Respirar para no ahogarnos repuso Leopoldo con
su imperturbable calma . i Tan imbufdo y contami-
nado estas con las ideas y maximas tiranicas de los que te
rodean en la actualidad, que te parece ver colgado sobre
mi cabeza, a guisa de espada de Damocles, 4 un nudo 30
corredizo ?
24 UN SERVIL6N Y UN LIBERALITO
Desertar de sus banderas, ser cogido disfrazado y
con pasaporte falso, al ir a entrar en una plaza sitiada, i
con todo el caracter de un espfa ... exclamd con dolor \
su amigo ; jy te muestras tan impasible y tan sobre ti! 1 \
5 .), fine, beau-
tiful.
bebedor, m., drinker, tippler,
toper; bajo una mala capa
hay un buen , see capa.
befar, to mock, ridicule, jeer,
laugh at.
belico, -a, warlike, martial, mili-
tary.
belicoso, -a, bellicose, warlike,
martial.
belleza, /., beauty.
bello, -a, beautiful, fair, hand-
some, fine; bella, w./., beauti-
ful woman.
bendito, -a (from bendecir),
blessed, good ; n., good or
harmless person.-
beneficio, *., benefit, benefac-
tion, favor, kindness; en de,
for the benefit of.
Bernardino,/^/. ., Bernardine.
Bertoldo, prop. n.
bien, adv., well, right, happily;
. m. , good, right, benefit, bless-
ing ; no , no sooner, as soon
as; que, or a que, al-
though; si , though; 6 ,
otherwise, or else, also ; hom-
bre de , honest man, upright
man.
bienaventurado, -a, blessed ;
dormir como un , to sleep
the sleep of the just.
bigote, bigotes, #*., mustache.
billete, m., note, brief letter.
bizarro, -a, gallant, brave.
bizquear, to squint.
Blanca, prop, n., Blanche.
bianco, -a, white ; de punta en
, see punta.
blancura, /., whiteness.
blanquisimo, -a, super, of
bianco, -a.
blas6n, m., blazon, scutcheon.
bobo, -a, ., booby, ninny, dunce,
dolt, fool ; adj., foolish, silly ;
pajaro , see pajaro.
boca,/., mouth.
boga, /., vogue, fashion.
bola, /., ball.
bolonio, -a, ignorant, rattle-
brained, fool ; ., a fool, an
ignorant person.
bolsa, /., purse, pocket.
bolsillo, m., pocket, purse.
bonachon, -na (from bueno),
good-natured, kind-hearted.
bondad, f. t bounty, goodness,
kindness.
bondadoso, -a, kind, good, boun-
tiful.
bonito, -a (dim. of bueno, -a),
pretty, nice, dainty.
borde, m., border, edge, margin,
borrar, to blot out, erase.
borrico, m., ass, donkey ; fool.
bosque, m., woods, forest.
bosquejo, m., sketch, outline.
botica, /., apothecary's shop,
drug-store.
VOCABULARY
b6veda, /., vault, arch, ceiling,
bravata, /., bravado, boast,
boasting.
brazo, m., arm; del , on the
arm.
breve, brief, short ; en , briefly,
soon, shortly, quickly,
brillante, brilliant, bright, shin-
ing, glistening,
brillar, to shine, sparkle, glisten,
glitter.
brillo, ;., brilliancy, brightness,
lustre, glittering.
broma, _/., merriment, gaiety,
jest.
brotar, to bud ; spring forth,
issue ; spring up ; bring forth,
brote, m., bud, sprout.
Brousais, prop. n.
bruces, (de), with face down-
wards.
bruscamente, abruptly, roughly.
Bucefalo, prop, n., Bucephalus,
buche, m., craw, crop, stomach,
maw.
buen, apocopated form of bueno.
buenisimo, -a (more properly
bonisimo), super, 0/bueno, -a.
bueno, -a, good, kind, upright ;
., good, upright.
bujia, /., wax-candle; stearine
candle.
bula, /., papal bull,
bullanga, /., tumult, riot, revolt.
bullanguero, -a, m. &"/., a tur-
bulent person, a disturber of
the peace,
bullidor, -ra, lively, restless,
playful,
bullir, to boil, bubble up ; bustle,
stir,
burlar, to mock, scoff, ridicule;
deceive ; se de, to make fun
of, deceive.
burlesco, -a, burlesque, jocular,
jesting, comical,
buscar, to seek, look for.
busto, m., bust.
cabalmente, exactly ; precisely ;
completely.
caballero, m., horseman ; cava-
lier, knight ; gentleman, sir.
caballete, m., easel.
caballo, m., horse ; a , on
horseback.
cabecita, dim. of cabeza.
cabeza, /., head ; sacar la ,
see sacar; de chorlito, see
chorlito.
cabo, m., end, terminus, close ;
al , finally, at last ; al de,
at the end of. after; llevar
a , to carry out, accomplish.
cachaza, _/"., deliberation, calm-
ness, coolness.
cada, each, every ; uno, each
one, each person.
cadaver, m., cadaver, corpse.
Cadiz, prop. ., Cadiz.
caer, to fall, fall down, drop,
drop down ; hang down ; droop ;
turn down ; tumble, tumble
down ; understand, perceive ;
se, to fall, fall down.
caida, /., fall, tumble, drop;
de la tarde, nightfall.
caido, -a, languid, hanging
down, drooping.
caiga, pres. subj. of caer.
caja, /., box.
calabozo, m., dungeon, cell.
calavera,/., skull.
calceta,/., hose, stocking. [Ion.
caldo, m., broth ; beef -tea; bouil-
Calipso, prop, n., Calypso.
calma, /., calm, tranquility, com-
posure, coolness.
calor, m., heat, warmth.
callado, -a, silent, dumb, quiet,
soundless, noiseless.
callar, se, to keep silent, hush ;
cease talking, playing, singing,
etc.
calle,/., street; walk.
n8
VOCABULARY
cama,/., bed.
camarada, m., comrade ; partner ;
crony.
camarote, m., stateroom.
cambio, m., change, exchange,
barter ; en , in exchange, in
return, instead.
caminata, /., long walk, jaunt,
outing.
camino, m., road, way, path;
real, highway ; de hierro,
railroad, railway ; tomar el
de, see tomar; ponerse en
see poner.
campamento, m., camp.
campe6n, m., champion.
campo, M., camp ; country, field,
tract of land ; expanse.
cana,/., gray hair.
canario, /., canary-bird.
Cancerbero, prop. ., Cerberus.
canci6n,/., song.
candela, /., candle, taper ; coll.
light, fire; meter el palo en
, see meter.
candido, -a, candid, simple.
canonizar, to canonize.
cansado, -a, tired, weary, tire-
some.
cansar, to tire, weary, fatigue,
wear out ; se, to make one-
self tired, get tired, grow
weary.
cantar, to chant, sing; . m.,
song; le & uno el tragala, to
taunt a vanquished adversary,
tease a person who is com-
pelled to accept the very
things he most strenuously
opposed. See tragala.
cante, m. (provincialism for
canto), song.
cantera,/., quarry.
cantidad, /., quantity; amount,
number.
canto, m., stone.
canto, m., chant, song; (of roost-
ers) crowing.
cantor, m., singer; one that
crows, chanticleer.
can6n, m., cannon.
canonero, -a, mounting cannon ;
., a gunboat.
caoba,/., mahogany.
capa, /., cloak, cape, mantle;
cover, stratum ; bajo una mala
hay un buen bebedor, (lit.,
under a bad or poor cloak there
is a good drinker) good quali-
ties are found under a poor
exterior.
capaz, capable, able, qualified.
capellan, m., chaplain.
capilla,/., chapel.
capitan, m., captain.
capitulo, m., chapter.
cara,/., face.
carabina, /., carbine; la de
Ambrosio, something useless
or good for nothing.
caracter, m., character, capacity,
nature.
carcajada, /., loud laughter;
soltar una , see soltar .
carcel,/., jail, prison.
carcelero, m., jailer, warden.
carcomido, -a, (from carcomer),
worm-eaten, rotten, decayed.
careta,/., mask, facing, cover.
carga, /., charge; load, burden,
weight.
cargadisimo, -a, super, of car-
gado.
cargado, -a, charged, sur-
charged, laden.
cargo, m., charge, duty; fault,
count, offence; a de, in
charge of; hacerse de, see
hacer.
caricia,/., caress, petting.
caridad,/., charity.
carino, m., fondness, affection,
kindness.
cariparejo, -a, having an im-
passive look, unconcerned.
Carmen, prop. .
VOCABULARY
carne,/., flesh, meat, beef.
carrera, /., run, course, career,
calling, profession. [way.
carretera, /., wagon-road; high-
carro, m., cart, wagon.
carta,/., letter, epistle.
cartucho, m., cartouch; car-
tridge.
casa,/"., house, home.
casar, to marry ; se, to marry,
be married, get married.
I cascabeles ! , pshaw ! the deuce I
casco, m., skull, cranium, ligero
de s, feather-brained, mad-
cap.
casero, -a, domestic, domesti-
cated, tame.
casi, almost.
casilla, /. (dim. of casa), ticket
office, guard hut, keeper's
lodge.
caso, m., case, point.
casquete, m., casque, helmet,
skull-cap ; a quitado, (/. 27,
not in dictionary) thorough,
consummate.
castellano, -a, Castilian; . m.,
castellan, lord of a castle;
. /., lady of a castle.
castigar, to chastise, castigate,
punish.
castigo, m., castigation, chas-
tisement, punishment.
Castillo, m., castle.
castillote, aug. of castillo.
casualidad, /., chance, hazard,
casualty, coincidence, contin-
gency.
catar, to taste, sample ; see, ex-
amine ; notice, consider, judge.
cat61ico, -a, adj. & ., catholic.
catre, m., cot, small bedstead;
de tijera, folding-cot.
cauce, m., bed of a river.
caudillo, m., chief, chieftain.
causa, f., cause, occasion, mo-
tive; a de, por de, be-
cause of, on account of.
causante, m. &* /., cause, origi-
nator, author.
causar, to cause, produce, make,
bring about.
Cayetano, prop. ., Cajetan.
cebo, *., fodder ; bait ; incentive.
ceder, to cede, grant ; yield, sub-
mit, give in.
cedro, m., cedar; Spanish juni-
per.
ceja,_/"., eye-brow.
Celada, f. t helmet; visor.
celebrar, to celebrate, honor, pay
honor to, praise.
celebre, celebrated.
celeste, celestial, heavenly.
celestial, celestial, heavenly.
cementerio, m., cemetery, grave-
yard.
cena, f., supper.
cenar, to sup, take supper.
centinela, m. or f., sentry, sen-
tinel.
cdntrico, -a, central.
centro, m., center, middle, midst ;
hallarse en su , see hallar.
cerca, adv., near, close; de,
prep., near, about, nearly.
cerciorar, to assure, affirm ; se,
to make sure, ascertain.
cerner, to sift; se, to soar,
float.
cerrar, to '-lose, shut, lock, seal.
cerro, m., hill, highland.
Ce'sar, proper n., Cassar.
cesar, to cease, stop, discontinue.
cicatriz,/., scar.
cicerone, m., (Ital.) t guide.
ciego, -a, blind ; . m., blind
man ; n.f., blind woman.
cielo, m., heaven, sky; God.
cien (apocopated form of ciento,
used before the noun), hundred.
ciencia, f., science, knowledge,
learning.
ciento, hundred.
ciertamente, certainly, surely.
cierto, -a, certain, sure; true;
120
VOCABULARY
de , certainly, surely, doubt-
less ; por , indeed, certainly.
cinco, five.
circunstancia, /., circumstance,
event, incident ; position, con-
dition.
cirio, m., thick and long wax
candle; pascual, paschal
candle.
cita, /., citation, quotation, ap-
pointment, engagement, ren-
dezvous.
ciudad,/., city, town.
ciudadano, m., citizen.
claridad, /., clearness, bright-
ness, light.
clarin, m., clarion, bugle.
claro, -a, clear, bright, light;
apparent, evident ; adv., dis-
tinctly, clearly; a las claras,
clearly.
clase,/., class, kind, social rank.
clausura, _/"., clausure, cloister,
closure, confinement.
Cleopatra, prop. n.
cobijar, to cover, shelter, over-
shadow.
cobrar, to recover, collect, ac-
quire.
cocina,/., kitchen.
c6digO, m., code.
COger, to catch, seize, take hold
of, capture; la delantera,'
to get the start.
COl, /., cabbage.
colegial, collegiate; n. m., col-
legian, college student.
colegio, m., college, boarding-
school.
colgante, hanging, drooping.
colgar, to hang, suspend, hang
up.
colmo, m., completion ; fulness ;
height.
colocar, to place, put, set; ar-
range; station.
color, m., color, hue.
Colorado, -a, ruddy, red.
COlorido, m., color, hue, coloring
colorin, HI., linnet ; bright, "loud''
color.
colosal, colossal, huge, immense.
coloso, HI., colossus.
comadreo, m. (not in dictionary),
gossip, talk between intimate
friends.
combate, m., combat, contest,
conflict, battle, fight, struggle.
comedido, -a, moderate, well-
behaved, civil, courteous.
comedor, m., dining-room.
comer, to eat, dine.
cometer, to commit.
comida,/"., dinner, meal.
como, conj., as, like, as if; bien
, just as; asi , as well as,
as also ; que, as, for.
como, adv., how, in what man-
ner.
j c6mo ! interj., howl is it possi-
ble?
c6moda, /., chest of drawers,
bureau ; papelera, chest of
drawers for the purpose of fil-
ing or keeping papers.
compadecer, to pity, condole,
sympathize with.
compadecido, -a, moved, touch-
ed with pity.
compadre, /., the name by
which a man and his child's
godfather call each other;
comrade, friend.
compaHero, -a, ., companion,
mate.
compania,/., company, associa-
tion, companionship; en amor
y , see amor.
comparar, to compare.
COtnpas, /., open space, circuit;
(mus.), measure, time, note;
& , a de, in harmony,
keeping time.
compensaci6n,/., compensation,
recompense.
competir, to compete, vie.
VOCABULARY
121
complacer, to please, humor, ac-
commodate, oblige.
complazcamos, pres. subj. of
complacer. [tire.
complete, -a, complete, full, en-
completamente, completely.
c6mplice, i., accomplice, acces-
sory, abetter.
COmplicidad, /., complicity ; no
, see no.
comprar, to buy, purchase.
comprender, to comprehend, un-
derstand.
comptometer, to compromise ;
engage; bind; be at stake,
endanger; se, to commit
oneself.
compromise, m., compromise;
difficulty, predicament, em-
barrassment.
COmulgar, to commune, com-
municate, receive the sacra-
ment.
comun, common.
comunicar, to communicate, re-
port, relate.
con, with, by, in, upon.
conatO, m., intent, attempt, im-
pulse.
concebir, to conceive, imagine.
concepto, *., concept, opinion,
point of view.
concertar, to concert, agree ; to
contrive, design.
conciencia, _/"., conscience, con-
sciousness.
COncluir, to conclude, finish,
end, close; de, to end,
finish.
concurrente, m. &*/., attendant,
hearer, visitor, spectator.
concurrir, to concur; attend, re-
sort.
concha,/., shell.
conde, m., count, earl.
condenar, to condemn, pro-
nounce guilty ; sentence.
condesa,/., countess.
condici6n,_/., condition ; quality ;
state ; rank.
conducir, to conduct, lead, take.
conducto, m., conduit, channel.
conejito, m., dim. of conejo.
conejo, m., rabbit.
confecci6n, /., confection; pre-
paration, making, composi-
tion.
confeccionar, to prepare, make,
compound. [view.
conferencia,/., conference, inter-
confesar, to confess, acknowl-
edge.
confiado, -a, confident, secure,
trusting, trustful.
confianza, _/., confidence, trust.
confiar, to confide, trust, hope;
entrust.
conforme, compliant; resigned,
contented.
conformidad, /., conformity,
resignation.
confortable, comfortable.
conmemoratorio, -a, commemor-
ative, commemoratory.
conmigo, with me.
conmover, to move, touch.
conocer, to know, be acquainted
with, get acquainted with ; ac-
knowledge, recognize.
COnocido, -a, known ; ., ac-
quaintance.
conocimiento, m., knowledge,
acquaintance.
conozco, pres. ind. of conocer .
conquista, /., conquest.
conquistador, m., conqueror.
COnquistar, to conquer, over-
come, subdue; acquire.
COnsabido, -a, aforesaid, already
known, above-mentioned.
COnsejo, /., counsel, advice;
council, court ; de guerra,
council of war, court-martial.
conservar, to keep, hold, pre-
serve, retain; se, to keep,
remain.
122
VOCABULARY
consideracitin, /., consideration,
regard, respect.
consideradamente, considerate-
ly, prudently, thoughtfully,
discreetly.
considerar, to consider, think
over, meditate.
consigo, pres. ind, of conseguir.
consigo, with himself, with her-
self, with itself, with yourself,
with themselves, with your-
selves.
consiguiente, m., consequence ;
por , in consequence, there-
fore.
consistir, to consist, subsist ; be
composed of; en, to con-
sist of.
COnsternar, to terrify, strike with
horror, cause consternation.
constituci6n, /., constitution.
COnstituir, to constitute, form,
make up; se, to constitute
oneself, become.
construir, to construct, build.
consumir, to consume, waste,
destroy, waste away, wear out.
contaminar, to contaminate, in-
fect, pervert.
contar, to count, number, com-
pute; relate, tell; con, to
depend upon, rely, expect con-
fidently.
contemplaci6n, /., contempla-
tion; indulgence, petting; sub-
serviency, [hold.
contemplar, to contemplate ; be-
contemporaneo, -a, contempor-
aneous.
contener, to contain; control,
repress, check, refrain, stop.
contenido, m., contents.
contento, -a, contented, cheer-
ful, happy.
contento, m., contentment, joy.
contestar, to answer, reply.
continuar, to continue, go on,
carry on; protract.
contorno, m., contour, outline.
contra, against, to, contrary to;
en de, against.
contrabando, /., contraband,
smuggling; smuggled goods.
contradecir, to contradict, gain-
say.
contrariar, to vex, provoke, dis-
appoint.
contrario, -a, contrary, opposed;
., opponent, adversary, ene-
my.
contrastar, to contrast, oppose,
' form a contrast.
contribuci6n, /., contribution,
tax.
contribuir, to contribute, aid.
contrincante, m., competitor,
opponent, rival, antagonist.
convencer, to convince ; se, to
be convinced, be assured.
convenir, to agree; suit, befit,
become; be convenient.
conversacidn, /., conversation,
talk, talking.
convertir, to convert, change,
turn.
conviction,/, conviction.
convulso, -a, convulsed, in a fit.
COpla, /., couplet; ballad; pop-
ular song.
coquina,/, cockle.
coquinero, -ra, ., fisher or seller
of cockles. [sion.
COraje, m., courage ; anger, pas-
corajudo, -a, angry, wrathy.
corazdn, m., heart; darling,
sweetheart ; de , heartily.
COrdero, m., lamb.
C6rdoba, prop. n.
coro, m., chorus, choir; format
el , see formar.
corona,/, crown.
coronar, to crown, cap, complete,
perfect.
coronel, m., colonel.
corps, m., corps ; guardia de ,
life-guard.
VOCABULARY
I2 3
Corpus, m., Corpus Christ! (a re-
ligious festival}.
corral, m., corral, enclosure,
yard.
corredizo, -a, running, slipping;
nudo , see nudo.
correr, to run, hasten, rush,
course, flow, flee, fleet, pass ;
corre de tu cuenta, it is under
your charge, it is your duty,
corriente, /., current, stream.
corrompido, -a, corrupt, cor-
rupted, wicked.
cortar, to cut, cut up, cut off,
hew; cleave, divide,
corte, /., court; capital.
cortes, f., pi., Cortes, Spanish
parliament. [bow.
COrtesia,/"., courtesy; obeisance,
COrto, -a, short, brief, limited,
small.
COsa, /., thing, matter, affair;
por el estilo, see estilo.
coser,tosew; ajeno, jwajeno.
costar, to cost,
costumbre, /., custom, habit;
tener de , to be accustomed
to, have the habit of, be in the
habit of.
costura,/., sewing, needle-work.
cota, f., coat; de malla, coat
of mail.
COtarro, m., charity-hut, beggar's
house.
COto, m., pasture-ground.
COtorra, /"., parrot ; chatter-box,
tattler.
cotorrita, /., dim. of cotorra.
crear, to create, make, produce,
crecer, to grow, increase,
creciente, growing, increasing.
creer, to believe ; think,
creyente, believing; n. m. &f.,
believer.
criador, m., creator,
crianza, /., training, breeding.
criar, to create ; breed, produce,
rear, nurse, nourish.
criatura, /., creature.
crin, /., mane, horse-hair.
cristal, m., crystal, glass.
Cristianismo, m., Christianity.
Cristiano, -a, Christian.
Cristo, prop. n. Christ.
Crist6bal, prop. ., Christopher.
criterio, m., criterion ; judgment,
discernment.
crucifijo, m., crucifix.
cruz, /., cross.
cruzada, /., crusade.
cruzar, to cross; go across.
cuadrado, -a, square.
cuadro, m., picture, painting.
cual, cuales (after def. article},
which, who, whom. See por.
cual, conj., as, like.
Cual?, which; jcual!, how,
how great; a mas, each
very, each the most, equally
excellent.
cualquier, apocopated form of
cualquiera.
cualquiera (//. cualesquiera),
any, any one, whoever, what-
ever.
cuando, when, whenever; at the
time of.
cuanto, -a, how much, as much,
so much, as often as ; all that ;
pi., how many, as many; en
a, as for, as to, in regard to.
cuartel, m., quarter, quarters,
barracks; general, head-
quarters.
cuartilla, / (from cuarto), one
fourth of large sheet of paper.
cuarto, -a, fourth ; n. m., quar-
ter, room ; old copper coin
worth about three fifths of a
cent.
cuatro, four.
cubierto, /./. of cubrir.
cubrir, to cover, envelop, veil.
cucharada, /., spoonful.
cuchillo, m., knife, dagger.
cuelga, pres. ind. of colgar.
124
VOCABULARY
cuello, m., neck ; collar.
cuenta, pres. ind. of contar.
cuenta, /., account, bill.
cuento, m., story.
cuerdo, -a, prudent, discreet;
sober, not mad.
cuerpo, m., body.
cuesta, /., hill, slope.
cueva, /., cave, grotto.
cuidado, m., care, worry, trouble,
concern ; ] cuidado ! , take care I
look out! ; estar con , to be
uneasy, be alarmed, be on the
alert; no hay , there is no
cause for worry or alarm;
poner , to take care.
cuidar, to care, take care ; se
de, to be concerned about, feel
anxious about.
culpa, /., blame ; fault, offence,
sin.
culto, -a, cultured, elegant,
polished, refined.
culto, m., cult, worship.
cumplido, *., compliment.
cumplir, to fulfil, complete; fill,
comply; con, to fulfil, dis-
charge.
cundir, to spread, diffuse.
cunada, /., sister-in-law.
cunado, m., brother-in-law; //.,
brothers-in-law, brothers-in-
law and sisters-in-law.
Cupido, prop. ., Cupid.
curiosidad, _/"., curiosity.
curioso, a, curious, quizzical.
Custine, prop. n.
curva, /., curve, bend.
cuyo, -a, -os, -as, whose, of
whom.
CH
chamarasca, /., brush-fire, fire
that flares up and is soon out.
chanter (/*>.), to sing.
chanza, /., jest, joke, fun.
chaqueta, /., jacket ; sack-coat.
charlar, to chatter, prattle.
chasco, m., trick, jest, disap-
pointment; dar , to disap-
point.
Chiclana, prop. n.
chico, -a, small, little; n. m.,
boy ; n. /., girl.
chile, m., chilli; pimiento ,
chilli-pepper.
chilldu, -na, shrill, sharp, harsh,
squeaky.
chiquillo, m. (dim. of chico),
little boy, child.
chistar, to mumble ; utter a word.
chochear, to dote, be in one's
dotage.
chorizo, m., sausage.
chorlito, m., plover; cabeza de
, harebrained.
Chuchurumbel, prop. n.
chus ni mus (decir), see decir.
D., abbrev. of Don.
dador, m., giver, bearer.
| dale ! (interj. of impatience at
repetition), again I once more!
Damocles, prop. ., Damocles,
dar, to give, give forth ; strike ;
con, to strike with, meet;
por, to consider as, regard
as; pasos, to take steps;
sele uno algo de una co-
sa, to be concerned about
something; lo mismo me da
a mi, it is the same to me,
I don't care; A conocer, to
make known, reveal ; gana
de, to feel a desire to, want to,
have a mind to ; una vuel-
ta, to walk around, take a
walk ; una satisfacci6n, to
make or offer an apology ;
Chasco, to disappoint ; que
hacer, to cause trouble, annoy;
VOCABULARY
I2 5
un buen rato, to give a
good time, entertain, amuse ;
lugar, to give occasion,
dardo, m., dart, light lance.
de, prep., of, from, in, with;
que, that, of the fact that.
de", pres. subj. of dar.
debajo, adv., underneath, below,
under; de, prep., under;
de de, from under.
deber, to owe, ought, must ;
de, must. [debt.
deber, n. m., duty, obligation,
debido, -a, due, owed, plighted.
decaer, to decay, decline, lan-
guish, weaken.
decidido, -a (from decidir), de-
cided, determined.
decidir, to decide, resolve.
decir, to say, tell, mention ; que-
rer , to mean, signify ; por
lo asi, so to speak; no
ni chus ni mus, not to say a
word ; de tii, to address as
"tu" (familiar form) instead
of " usted."
decisi6n, /., decision, determi-
nation, firmness.
declaraci6n, /"., declaration,
statement, avowal.
declarar, to declare, make
known, manifest.
dedicar, to dedicate; se, to
devote oneself, apply oneself.
dedo, m., finger; toe.
defecto, /., defect, failing, blem-
ish, fault.
defender, to defend.
defensa, /., defence, protection.
defensor, m., defender, protect-
or.
degenerar, to degenerate, de-
cline, change.
dejar, to leave, abandon; let
alone ; let, allow, permit ;
de, to cease, fail, give up ;
en paz, to leave or let alone.
del, (de + el), of the, from the.
delante, adv., before, in front;
de, prep., before; por ,
before, in front.
delantera, /, fore part, fore end,
lead ; coger la , to get the
Start.
delatar, to denounce, inform, re-
port, accuse.
delator, m., accuser, informer.
delfin, m., dolphin.
delicadeza, /., delicacy, suavity,
gentleness, refinement.
delicado, -a, delicate, difficult,
critical; delicate, refined.
delicia,/"., delight, pleasure, joy.
delincuente, delinquent, crimi-
nal; n. m. &" f., criminal, cul-
prit.
delinear, to delineate, draw, out-
line.
delito, m., crime.
demas, adv., besides ; adj., (usu-
ally preceded by the def. art.),
the other, the rest, the balance,
the others.
demasiado, -a, too much; adv.,
too.
demoler, to demolish, tear down,
raze.
demonio, m., demon, devil.
demostrar, to demonstrate,
show, exhibit, manifest.
denigrativo, -a, blackening,
slandering, insulting.
denominaci6n, /., denomination,
name.
denominar, to name, call.
dentadura, /., set of teeth.
Deopolvo, corruption of Leo-
poldo.
depositar, to deposit,leave, store,
keep.
dep6sitO, m., deposit.
derechito, -a, dim. of derecho.
derecho, -a, right, straight; la
a, the right hand; de ,
by right; adv., straight
through.
126
VOCABULARY
derramar, to pour, pour out,
shed ; spill.
des (/>.), some.
desafiado, -a, challenged one,
duelist.
desafio, m., challenge, duel.
desairado, -a, graceless, awk-
ward.
desamparar, to forsake, leave,
abandon.
desaparecer, to disappear.
desatenci6n, /., inattention ;
slight, discourtesy.
desatinado, -a, crazy, foolish,
nonsensical ; ., fool, madcap.
desaz6n, /., uneasiness; disgust,
displeasure, trouble, annoy-
ance, [down.
descansar, to rest, settle, settle
descanso, nt., rest, repose, quiet,
tranquility.
descaradamente, openly, boldly,
impudently.
descarado, -a, impudent, bare-
faced, bold.
descarnado, -a, fleshless; bare.
descaro, m., impudence, effron-
tery, barefacedness, boldness.
descender, to descend, go down,
condescend, get down.
descenso, m., descent.
descollar, to overtop, excel, sur-
pass, outdo.
descomunal, huge, extraordin-
ary, monstruous, enormous.
desconfiado, -a, distrustful, sus-
picious, cautious.
desconocido, -a, a. 6 ., strange,
stranger, unknown.
descorazonar, to tear out the
heart, dishearten, discourage;
se, to lose heart, become
disheartened, become discour-
aged.
descreldo, -a, incredulous, unbe-
lieving, sceptical.
describir, to describe.
descripcion, /., description.
descritp, p.p. of describir.
descubierto, /./. of descubrir.
descubiir, to discover, uncover,
reveal, find out, observe; ex-
pose.
descuidar, to neglect.
desde, from, since ; antes, be-
forehand ; que, con/., since.
desdenar, to disdain, scorn ;
se, to disdain.
desdenoso, -a, disdainful, con-
temptuous, [covet.
desear, to desire, wish, long for,
desembarcar, to land, debark,
put ashore, go ashore.
desencantar, to disenchant.
desenlace, m., denouement, out-
come, conclusion.
deseo, m., desire, wish.
deserter, to desert, flee; de,
to desert.
deserter, m., deserter.
desesperado, -a, desperate,
hopeless; desperate, in des-
pair, impatient, furious.
desesperar, to despair, lose hope ;
cause one to despair ; exasper-
ate.
desfallecido, -a, pining, lan-
guishing, weakened, faint; .,
la a, the languishing
woman.
desgarbado, -a, ungraceful, un-
gainly, awkward.
desgracia, /..misfortune, unhap-
piness, misery; por , un-
fortunately.
desgraciado, -a, unfortunate,
unlucky, unhappy.
deshora, /., unseasonable or un-
suitable time; a s, at an un-
timely or unsuitable hour, out
of the usual time, suddenly.
designar, to design, intend ; de-
signate, appoint, point out.
deslucir, to impair the lustre or
beauty of a thing; tarnish.
VOCABULARY
127
deslumbrar, to dazzle, glare.
desmedidamente, disproportion-
ately, excessively, extraordi-
narily.
desmedido, -a, disproportion-
ate, excessive, extraordinary.
desmesuradamente, immeasur-
ably, excessively.
desmontar, to dismount; take
apart.
desmoronado, -a, crumbled,
crumbling, decayed.
desolladura, /., excoriation,
skinned off place.
desollar, to flay, skin, strip off
the skin, peel off.
despabilar, to snuff, trim; sharp-
en, brighten; las luces, to
trim the candles, lamps, etc.,
metapk., to sharpen the wits.
despacioso, -a, (not in diction-
ary), slow.
desparpajo, m., freedom, out-
spokenness, forwardness.
despecho, m., spite, grudge; dis-
may, despair, disappointment ;
con , deeply hurt.
despedida, /., leave taking,
farewell, parting.
aespedir, to emit, shoot; dis-
miss ; se, to take leave, say
good-by.
despertar, to awake, awaken,
arouse.
despiadado, -a, pitiless, merci-
less, cruel.
despoetizar, to depoetize, take
the poetry from, make prosaic.
d^spota, m., despot.
despotismo, m., despotism, tyr-
anny.
despreciar, to depreciate, des-
pise, contemn.
despreocupaci6n, /., freedom
from prejudice or bias, free-
dom of thought.
desprop6sito, /., absurdity, non-
despue's, after, afterwards, later;
de, after, since, beyond;
que, co /., after,
destacarse, to detach, project,
be prominent.
destapar, to uncover, remove
the lid of.
destemplado, -a, out of tune,
inharmonious.
destinar, to destine, design,
appoint; allot, assign; set
apart.
destine, m., destination, use ;
destiny, fate ; con a, bound
for.
destruir, to destroy, extermi-
nate, efface.
desvalido, -a, helpless, unpro-
tected, destitute.
desvanecer, to evaporate, van-
ish, dispel.
desvergonzado, -a, shameless,
impudent.
desvergiienza, /., shameless-
ness, impudence; impudent
word or action.
detenci6n, /., detention, delay,
stop, stay.
detener, to stop, detain; se,
to stop.
deteriorar,to deteriorate, impair,
damage, wear out.
detras, behind, back, in the rear;
de, prep., behind, back of,
after.
devoci6n, /"., devotion.
devolver, to return, give back,
hand back.
devoto, -a, devout, devotional,
pious; ., devotee, worshiper.
dia, m., day ; de en , from
day to day ; hoy , or el
de hoy, to-day, at present, in
our time ; a los pocos s, after
a few days ; el menos pen-
sado, when least expected,
suddenly, unawares.
diablo, m., devil.
128
VOCABULARY
diagonal, diagonal ; en , diag-
onally.
diario, -a, daily, each day.
dibujar, to draw, sketch.
dice, pres. ind. of decir.
dicho, /./. of decir; n. m., say-
ing, word, statement.
dichoso, -a, happy, fortunate;
(sarcastically) blessed, estima-
ble.
Diego, prop. ., James.
diente, m., tooth.
diez, ten.
dificil, difficult.
difici'l*ad, /., difficulty, impedi-
ment, obstacle.
diga, pres. subj. of decir.
digno, -a, worthy, meritorious,
deserving; suitable, fitting.
digO, pres. ind. of decir .
dijo, pret. of decir.
diluvio, m., deluge, flood.
dimes y diretes (both m. pi.),
(from decir), disputes, wran-
gles, war of words.
diminuto, -a, diminutive, little,
small.
dinero, ., money.
di6, pret. of dar.
Dios, prop. ., God; por , for
God's sake; el santo , a
familiar prayer among Span-
ish Catholics; mujer de ,
see mujer; hombre de , see
hotnbre; dioses, gods, false
gods.
diputado, m., deputy, delegate,
representative; a Cortes,
member of the lower house of
the Spanish parliament.
direcci6n, /., direction, course ;
address.
diretes, see dimes. ;
dirigir, to direct, aim ; address ;
lead, guide ; se a, to address,
go to, repair to, betake oneself
to.
discipulo, -a, ., disciple, pupil.
discrete, -a, discreet, consider-
ate, prudent; ingenious, sharp,
witty.
discurrir, to roam ; think, reflect ;
conjecture, imagine, suppose;
reason.
discutir, to discuss, argue, de-
bate.
disforme, deformed, ugly ; mon-
struous, huge, enormous.
disfraz, m., disguise.
disf razar, to disguise; dissemble,
conceal.
disfrutar, to profit; enjoy; dis-
pose of, have at command,
make use of.
disgustO, m., disgust; displeas-
ure ; vexation, annoyance.
disolver, to dissolve, melt.
disparate, m., nonsense, blunder^
mistake.
disposici6n, /., disposition, dis-
posal, service.
dispuesto, -a (from disponer),
disposed, ready.
disputar, to dispute, discuss.
distancia, /., distance, remote*
ness.
distante, distant, far, remote.
distinguir, to distinguish, dis-
cern, perceive.
distintamente, distinctly, clear.
distintivo, m., distinctive sign,
characteristic feature or trait,
characteristic. [clear.
distinto, -a, different; distinct,
distraer, to distract, divert ; se,
to muse, be diverted, be ab-
sent-minded.
divan, m., divan, sofa.
divertido, -a, amusing, enter-
taining, merry, funny.
divertir, to divert ; amuse, en-
tertain.
dividir, to divide.
divino, -a, divine.
divisar, to descry, perceive, get
a glimpse of.
VOCABULARY
129
divulgar, to divulge, publish,
spread, reveal.
doblar, to double, fold.
doble, double, twofold.
doblez, m., fold, ply, crease.
doce, twelve.
docena, /., dozen.
doctor, m., doctor.
doler, to ache, pain, hurt ; grieve.
doliente, m. & /., sufferer.
dolor, m., grief, sorrow, pain,
ache; --de muela, tooth-
ache.
dolorosamente, painfully, sor-
rowfully ; conmovido, deep-
ly moved.
dome'stico, a, domestic.
dominaci6n, f., domination, do-
minion, power, rule.
dominar, to dominate, rule, con-
trol, overpower; command,
overlook.
don, title used before the first
or given name of a man.
don, m., donation, present, gift;
quality, endowment.
donde, where, whither, whereto;
por , through, through or
by the place where.
dona (fern, of don) title used
before the given name of a
woman.
dorar, to gild, embellish.
dormir, to sleep ; como un
bienaventurado, to sleep the
sleep of the just, sleep sound-
iy-
dos, two; los , both.
dosis, f. sing, and pi., dose,
doses, portion, portions.
drag6n, m., dragon,
doux, -ce (Fr.), sweet,
duda, /., doubt, uncertainty.
dudar, to doubt ; hesitate,
dueno, -a, ., owner, proprietor,
duerma, pres. subj. of dormir.
dulce, sweet, gentle, benign ; .
m., sweetmeat, candy.
dulcemente, sweetly, mildly,
gently.
Dumas, prop. tt.
duo, ;., duo, duet,
duque, m., duke; //., duke and
duchess.
durar, to endure, last.
durmid, fret, of dormir.
6 = y, and (before i d^ hi).
eco, m., echo.
cole,/. (Fr.), school.
echar, to throw, cast, pour, throw
down, cast off; lay; a (be-
fore an inf.), begin, start ;
se, to throw oneself, rush,
lie, lie down ; de ver, to
notice, perceive ; la voz,
to let the voice go, give the
voice full play; se de ca-
beza, to throw or cast oneself
headlong ; plantas, to brag,
threaten in a boasting man-
ner; se de bruces, to throw
oneself (or lie) down with face
downward ; se a la calle, to
go out on the street, betake
oneself to the street.
edad, f., age, epoch, era ; flo-
rida, youth ; poca , youth ;
primera, early years, child-
hood.
edicion,/., edition; de segunda
, of the second edition,
modern, new.
edificar, to build, erect, con-
struct.
edificio, m., edifice, building.
efecto, m., effect.
efigie, /., effigy, image.
efimero, -a, ephemeral, fleeting.
Egipto, prop. ., Egypt.
ejecutar, to execute, carry out,
perform.
ejeicito, m., army, host.
1 3 o
VOCABULARY
el, la, lo, los, las, the ; el que,
he who, that which.
1, he, it; (after a prep.) him, it.
elefante, m., elephant.
elegancia, /., elegance, style,
fashion.
elegante, elegant, splendid, fine,
graceful.
elegantemente, elegantly, splen-
didly.
elegir, to elect, select.
elevado, -a, elevated, high,
grand, lofty.
elevar, to elevate, raise, lift;
exalt.
elogio, m., eulogy, praise; hacer
el , to praise.
ella, she, it ; (after a prep.) her,
it; ahi file" , then there was
a nice fuss.
ello (neuter of 61), it; en , in
it, thereby.
ellos, -as, they ; (after a prep.)
them.
emancipar, to emancipate ; se,
to become emancipated, be-
come independent.
embalsamar, to embalm, per-
fume.
embarcaci6n, /., vessel, ship,
boat, craft.
embarcar, to embark, ship;
86, to embark, go on board
of a ship.
embargar, to impede, suspend,
paralyze.
embargo (sin), nevertheless,
notwithstanding.
embeber, to drink in, absorb;
se, to be enraptured, be ab-
sorbed.
embelesar, to charm, enchant,
fascinate.
embestida, /., assault, attack,
onset.
embozado, -a, muffled, covered,
cloaked.
eminencia,/., eminence, height.
eminente, eminent, high, lofty,
conspicuous.
empeno, m., pledge; eagerness;
tener , to be eager; be in
earnest.
empero, but, yet, nevertheless.
empezar, to begin, commence.
empinado, -a, steep, high.
emplear, to employ, spend.
emprender, to undertake, start
in; la con, to go after, at-
tack, accost.
en, in, into, at, upon, within.
enamorar, to enamor, inflame
with love, charm; woo, court;
se de, to fall in love with.
encallar, to run aground.
encaminar, to direct, guide, put
on the way; se, to go to-
wards, repair, direct one's
steps towards.
encantador, -ra, charming, be-
witching, delightful.
encaramar, to raise, elevate;
se, to climb, rise.
encargar, to charge, commit;
warn, advice, caution ; se,
to take charge, assume the
responsibility ; encargado de,
in charge of.
encarnado, -a, flesh-colored ;
red.
encender, to kindle, light, light
up, set fire to; inflame, set
aglow.
encerrar, to shut up, lock up, en-
close.
encierra, pres. ind. of encerrar.
encima, adv., on, on top, over;
de, prep., on, upon, over;
por de, over.
encomendar, to commit, com-
mend, recommend, entrust ;
se, to commit oneself.
encomiar, to praise, extol, eu-
logize.
encontrar, to encounter, find:
meet ; se, to find, meet.
VOCABULARY
'3*
encore (Fr.), yet, still, more,
again.
encuadernaci6n, /., binding.
encumbrado, -a, high, lofty,
elevated.
encurtir, to pickle, preserve in
vinegar; used in p. 15 in the
sense of to preserve, keep from
aging.
ene'rgico, -a, energetic, vigor-
ous, active.
enf ermo, -a, infirm, ill, diseased ;
., patient.
enfriar, to cool, refrigerate,
make cold.
enfuncionado, -a, (not in diction-
ary), excited, worked up.
enganar, to deceive, delude;
cheat, swindle.
engendrar, to engender, beget,
produce.
engullir, to devour, gobble, gulp.
enjaular, to cage; confine.
enjugar, to dry, wipe away.
enladrillar, to pave with bricks.
enmendar, to amend, alter, cor-
enorme, enormous, huge. [rect.
Enramada, prop. n.
Enrique, m., Henry.
ensanchar, to widen, enlarge,
expand ; el coraz6n, to en-
courage, cheer.
ensangrentar, to stain with
blood, cover with blood.
ensartar, to string, link, string
together; utter in a series.
ensenar, to show; teach, train.
entendimiento, m., intellect,
mind, intelligence.
enterar, to inform, acquaint, re-
port, advise; se, to become
informed, become acquainted,
understand, take in.
entereza, /., entirety ; integrity,
uprightness; firmness.
enternecer, to soften, move,
touch, affect ; se, to be
touched, be moved.
enterrar, to inter, bury.
entonces, then, at that time.
entrada, /., entrance, entering,
coming in.
entrana, /., entrail ; //., entrails,
disposition, heart.
entrar, to enter, come in, go in ;
take in, carry inside; se, to
enter, go in ; se como Pedro
por su casa, see Pedro.
entre, among, amongst, amidst,
between; por , through.
entrecejo, m., space between the
eyebrows ; frown, frowning.
entrecoger, to catch, intercept,
come across.
entregar, to deliver, hand over,
give up.
entremeter, to place between, in-
sert; se, to intrude, meddle.
entremetido, -a, meddlesome ;
., busy-body, interloper.
entretanto, meanwhile.
entretejer, to interweave, inter-
twine.
entretener, to amuse, entertain ;
se, to amuse oneself, pass
the time.
entusiasmar, to enrapture, trans-
port, make enthusiastic ; se,
to become enthusiastic, feel
enthusiastic.
enviar, to send, remit, forward.
envidiable, enviable.
envidiar, to envy ; grudge ; covet.
envolver, to wrap up.
envuelto, -a, /./. of envolver.
epiteto, m., epithet, name, nick-
name.
e*poca, /., epoch, times.
equidad, /., equity, equitable-
ness, fairness, justice.
equipaje, m., baggage, luggage.
equitaci6n,/., riding, horseman-
ship.
equivocar, to mistake; se, to
make a mistake, make a blun-
der, be mistaken, do one thing
I 3 2
VOCABULARY
for another, do the wrong
thing.
era, imp. ind. of ser.
Ercilla, prop, n.
ei^uido, -a, erect, straight up.
errante, errant, wandering, rov-
ing; ., wanderer, fugitive,
rover.
errar, to err, do wrong, offend.
error, m., error, mistake.
63, pre s. ind. of ser.
esbirro, /., bailiff; myrmidon.
escala, /., ladder, scale.
escalera, /., stair, staircase,
stairway; a la subida de la
, see subida.
esca!6n, m., step (of a stair).
escandalizar, to scandalize,
shock.
escapar, to escape, flee.
escarmentar, to warn, give warn-
ing, teach a severe lesson, in-
flict punishment as a warning.
escarmiento, m., warning, exam-
ple, lesson.
escasez, /..scarcity, want, pover-
ty-
escena, /., scene.
escepticismo, m., scepticism.
esce'ptico, -a, sceptical, ., scep-
tic.
Escolastica, prop. n.
escombrar, to clean out, clear;
se, to clear one's throat (not
in dictionary in the latter sense).
escombro, m., ruin.
esconder, to hide, conceal ; se,
to hide, skulk.
escondido, -a (from esconder),
concealed, hidden; ., one
hidden.
escondite, m., hiding place.
escribir, to write.
escrito, /./. of escribir.
escuela, /., school; mutua,
school based on the system of
mutual instruction.
esdriijulo, -a, proparoxytone,
proparoxitonic; ., a pro-
paroxytone word, a word hav
ing the tonic accent on the
ante-penult ; a verse ending in
a proparoxytone word.
ese, esa, eso, that, that one.
esencia, /., essence, perfume.
esfera, _/"., sphere ; region.
esforzado, -a, strong, vigorous.
esforzar, to strengthen, encour-
age; se, to exert oneself,
make efforts, strive.
esmalte, m., enamel.
esmerado, -a, highly finished,
done with care; particular.
esmerarse, to do one's best, take
pains.
esos, esas, those.
espabilado/ordespabilado (/./.
of despabilar, q. v.).
espacio, m., space, distance, in-
terval.
espacioso, -a, spacious, roomy,
wide, large.
espada, /., sword.
espadachin, m., swordsman ; bul-
ly; duelist.
espalda, -s, f., back, shoulder;
a s, back of, behind; de
s, with the back or rear to
the observer, backwards, from
behind.
espanto, /., dread, terror, fear.
espantoso, -a, dreadful, fright-
ful, awful.
Espana, prop. ., Spain.
espanol, -a, Spanish ; ., Span-
iard.
espanolismo, m., hispanicism,
Spanish national spirit, devo-
tion to Spain, Spanish patri-
otism.
esparcir, to scatter, disseminate,
divulge, spread.
especie, /., species, kind, class,
sort.
espejuelos, m. />/., spectacles.
esperanza, /., hope.
VOCABULARY
esperar, to hope, expect ; wait,
wait for.
espia, m. &* /., spy.
espiritu, m., spirit, soul, ghost,
mind.
espiritual, spiritual.
esplendor, m., splendor, bril-
liancy, magnificence. [ly.
espontaneamente, spontaneous-
espontaneo, -a, spontaneous,
willing, voluntary.
espuma, /., foam, froth.
espumante, foamy, frothy.
esquela, /., note, billet.
esqueleto, m., skeleton; en ,
bare, uncovered.
est (Fr.), third pers. pres. ind. of
etre, q. v.
estacionarse, to settle inflexibly,
be settled or fixed inflexibly ;
take a stubborn stand.
estado, ., state, condition ; es-
tate.
estancado, -a, stagnant.
estancar, to staunch, stop, check.
estar, to be, stand ; se, to re-
main, stay; como la propia
rosa, to be happily situated,
be well off; con cuidado,
to be uneasy or alarmed, be
on the alert ; para, to be
about to, be on the point or
verge of ; esta Vd.?, do you
understand ?
estatico, -a, static, motionless,
paralyzed.
estatura, /., stature, height.
e'ste, sta, 6siQ,pron., this, this
one, the latter; stos, as,
these, the latter.
este, esta, adj., this ; estos, as,
these.
estera, /., mat, matting.
est&ril, sterile, barren, unfruit-
ful, fruitless.
estilo, m., sty le ; custom, fashion ;
cosa por el , something of
the kind.
estima, /., esteem, value, worth.
estirado, -a, dilated, stretched ;
stiff.
estirar, to stretch, dilate, tighten,
spread out.
estomago, m., stomach.
estrafalario, -a, odd, queer,
strange ; eccentric ; slovenly.
estraza, _/., rag or piece of coarse
cloth ; papelito de , see pa-
pelito.
estrecho, -a, narrow, straight.
estrella, /., star.
estrellar, to shatter, dash to
pieces ; se, to be shattered,
be dashed to pieces.
estremecer, to shake, tremble ;
se, to shake, shudder, be
thrilled.
estrenar, to use, wear or do any-
thing for the first time.
estre'pito, m., crash, deafening
noise, roaring. [ly.
estrepitosamente, loudly, noisi-
estribillo, m., refrain.
estuche, m., case; box; casket.
estupefacto, -a, stupefied, mo-
tionless, thunder-stuck.
estupido, -a, stupid, dull, sense-
less.
estuvieron, fret, of estar.
etre (Fr.\ to be.
Europa,/., Europe.
evangelic, m., evangel, gospel.
evento, m., event, incident.
evitar, to avoid, elude ; spare,
prevent.
exagerar, to exaggerate, over-
state, overdraw.
exaltado, -a, exalted; fervent,
warm ; ultra-radical.
examinar, to examine; inspect,
investigate.
excelencia, /., excellence, supe-
riority.
excelente, excellent.
exceso, m., excess, exaggeration ;
con , excessively.
134
VOCABULARY
excitar, to excite, move, stir up,
arouse.
exclamaci6n, _/"., exclamation.
exclamar, to exclaim.
exclusive, -a, exclusive.
excusa, /., excuse, pardon.
ex-escuela, /., former school.
exigencia, /., exigency, require-
ment, demand.
existir, to exist, be, live.
ex-maestro, m., ex-teacher, for-
mer teacher.
expatriar, to expatriate, banish,
exile.
experiencia, /., experience.
exponer, to expose, exhibit ; en-
danger; se, to expose one-
self, to put oneself in danger.
expresar, to express, utter, tell.
expresi6n, /., expression, utter-
ance.
extender, to extend, spread,
stretch, out-stretch ; se, to
stretch out, spread out.
exterior, m., exterior, outside.
extinguir, to extinguish, put out,
quench ; se, to become ex-
tinguished, die out.
extranjero, -a, foreign, alien ; .,
foreigner, alien.
extrano, -a, strange, foreign.
extraordinario, -a, extraordi-
nary, unusual.
extremado, -a, extreme, exces-
sive, extraordinary.
extreme, m., extreme, last, end,
terminus; con , extremely,
exceedingly.
extremoso, -a, impassioned, ve-
hement, excitable.
ex-voto, m., votive offering.
facultative, m., physician, prac-
titioner,
faena, /., task, work, job.
faible (Fr.), feeble, weak, faint.
falso, -a, false, counterfeited.
falta,/., fault; want, lack, ab-
sence; eso me hace falta, I
miss that.
f altar, to lack, be wanting, fail,
fall short, offend.
f alto, -a, wanting, lacking, short,
deficient.
faltriquera, f., pocket.
falucho, m., felucca, lateener.
fama, _/., fame, report, reputa-
tion, name, renown.
familia, /., family.
famoso, -a, famous, renowned,
well known.
fanatico, -a, fanatic, fanatical;
., fanatic.
far niente, m., (Ital.), doing noth-
ing, idleness.
faro, m., lighthouse; beacon.
fastidiar, to weary, vex, annoy,
bore, bother; se, to become
weary, get tired, feel bored,
have ennui.
fastidio, m., disgust ; weariness,
ennui; nuisance, bother.
favor, m., favor.
fe, /., faith, faithfulness, fideli-
ty, trust; buena , sincerity,
honesty ; con , earnestly.
fealdad, f., ugliness, (U. S.)
homeliness.
fechoria, /., misdeed, misde-
meanor.
felsimo, -a, super, of feo, -a.
felicitar, to felicitate, congratu-
late, compliment.
feliz, felicitous, happy.
fenicio, -a, adj. &> ., Phoeni-
cian.
fen6meno, ///., phenomenon.
feo, -a, ugly, plain-looking,
(U.S.) homely; n. m., ugli-
ness, (U. S.) homeliness.
Fernando, m., Ferdinand.
fer6stico, -a, gruff, irritable, ug-
VOCABULARY
'35
feroz, ferocious, fierce, savage,
cruel.
f erviente, fervent, warm.
fervoroso, -a, fervent, ardent,
warm.
fidedigno, -a, trustworthy.
fiel, faithful, loyal, true.
fiera, /., wild beast.
Fierabras, prop. n. ; com. ., an
unruly person, a bully (from
the name of the giant that
figures in the romances of chi-
valry).
fiero, -a, fierce.
figurar, to figure, shape, fashion ;
be prominent, figure; repres-
ent ; se, to imagine, suppose,
assume.
fijo, -a, fixed, firm; sure, certain.
fila, tier, line, row; en , in a
row, forming a line.
filarm6nico, -a, philarmonic,
musical.
fin, m., end, close, aim, purpose ;
al , at last, finally, in short;
por , at last.
finca,/., real estate, property.
fineza, /., fineness, kindness,
delicacy, civility.
finiquito, m., settlement of ac-
counts, liquidation, adjust-
ment.
fino, -a, fine, refined, polished,
pure, genuine, courteous, civil,
polite.
firma, /., signature.
firme, firm, steady, stable, stead-
fast.
fisico, -a, physical; lo , the
physical nature; n. m., ap-
pearance, face.
flaco, -a, thin, lean ; weak, feeble.
Flandes, prop. ., Flanders.
flaqueza, f., leanness, thinness ;
feebleness, weakness.
flauta, /., flute.
flecha, /., arrow.
flexible, flexible, willowy.
flor, /., flower, blossom, bloom;
de lis, fleur-de-lis.
florido,-a, flowery; florid, bloom-
ing; edad , youth.
fonda, /., hotel, inn, restaurant.
fondo, m., bottom, depth ; back-
ground, rear; inner nature,
disposition. [ure.
forma, /., form, figure ; //., fig-
formal, formal, regular, serious,
steady, in earnest; muy ,
very much in earnest.
formalidad, /., formality, seri-
ousness, earnestness; steadi-
ness.
formar, to form, shape, make
up; el coro, to sing the
chorus.
formidable, formidable ; tremen-
dous, huge.
fortaleza, /., fortress.
f ortuna, f., fortune, fate, chance ;
por , fortunately.
forzar, to force, compel.
foso, m., moat, ditch.
frac, m., dress-coat.
fragancia, /., fragrance, per-
fume.
fraile, m., friar, monk.
francos, -sa, French; n. m.,
Frenchman ; n. _/., French
woman; a la francesa, after
the French fashion or style;
largarse a la , see largarse.
Francia, prop. ., France.
franco, -a, frank, candid.
f ranqueza, /., frankness, candor,
open-heartedness.
freir, to fry ; molest.
freno, m., bridle, check.
f rente, _/"., forehead, brow; m.,
front ; al , in front, opposite,
on the opposite side ; al de,
in front of; & , face to
face.
fresco, -a, fresh, cool; n. m.,
coolness, cool air; tomar el
, see tomar.
VOCABULARY
f rescura, /., freshness, coolness.
frlo, m., cold.
frito, -a (p.p. of freir), fried;
tener frita la sangre, to have
one's blood boiling.
frugal, frugal.
fruncir, to gather, contract; (of
the brows) to knit.
fruslerfa, /., trifle.
fruta, /., fruit.
fuS, pret. of ser 6 ir.
fuer (contraction of fuero) ; a
de, as, by virtue of, in the ca-
pacity of, by reason of being.
f uera, adv., outside, without ;
de, prep., out of, outside of,
apart from; de si, beside
himself.
fuerte, strong, vigorous, potent,
mighty. (Used also as a .).
fuerza,/., force, strength, vigor,
emphasis; a de, by dint of,
in consequence of; a la ,
by compulsion, by force, un-
willingly.
fuese, imp. subj. of ir d^ ser.
fugarse, to flee, escape, run
away; preso fugado, escaped
or run-away prisoner.
fugitive, -a, fugitive; ., fugi-
tive.
Fulano, -a, so-and-so (employed
to designate a person whose
name we do not know or do
not care to give).
funesto, -a, adverse, untoward,
unfortunate, fatal.
furioso, -a, furious, angry,
wrathy.
future, -a, future.
galan, spruce; gallant,
gallina, /., hen, chicken,
gallo, m., cock, rooster.
gana, /., appetite ; mind, inclin-
ation, desire; dar de, to
feel a desire to, have a mind
to, want to.
ganado, m., cattle, live stock.
gangrenarse, to become mortfied
or putrified.
garbo, m., grace, gracefulness.
garbosamente, elegantly, grace-
fully, gallantly. [per.
Caspar, prop. ., Caspar, Jas-
gastar, to spend; use, employ;
wear; wear out.
gasto, m., expense, outlay.
gavilan, m., hawk.
gazpacho, m., Spanish cold soup
made of crumbs of bread, oil,
tomato, onions and garlic.
gemelo, -a, twin.
gemido, m., groan, moan, lamen-
tation.
general, general ; n. m., general.
gene'rico, -a, generic.
ge'nero, m., genus, kind, style.
genio, m., genius; disposition,
nature.
gente, /., people, folk, persons.
gentio, m., crowd, throng.
gentil, gentile^ heathen ; genteel,
graceful, elegant; . m., gen-
tile, heathen.
genuinamente, genuinely, really,
purely.
genuine, -a, genuine, real, pure.
gesticular, to gesticulate, make
gestures or grimaces.
gesto, /., gesture, grimace, face.
gigante, m., giant.
gimnasta, m., gymnast, athlete.
globo, m., globe, world, earth.
gloria, /., glory.
gobernador, m., governor.
gobierno, m., government, auth-
ority.
Goethe, prop. n.
golondrina, /., swallow.
golpe, /., blow, strike; dash,
knock ; de un , at one blow,
at once; de , suddenly.
VOCABULARY
137
golpear, to beat, strike, hit.
gordo, -a, fat, stout, corpulent,
big, huge.
gorjeo, m., warble, song.
gorra, /., cap.
gorri5n, m., sparrow.
gota, /., drop; gout. [ness.
gozo, m., joy, pleasure, happi-
gozoso, -a, joyous, joyful, jubi-
lant, happy.
gr. cia, _/"., grace, favor, mercy ;
pi., thanks; j en de Diosl,
(excl.) biess me !
gracioso, -a, graceful ; facetious,
funny, witty.
grada, /., step ; //., perron.
grado, m., degree, title, rank.
gradualmente, gradually.
graficamente, graphically, in de-
tail, fully.
gran, apocopated form 0/"grande.
grana, /., cochineal; kermes;
scarlet color ; scarlet cloth.
grande, large, great, grand.
grandeza, /., greatness, gran-
deur.
grandiose, -a, grand, magnifi-
cent, splendid; lo , the gran-
deur.
granjear, to gain, earn, profit ;
se, to win, gain, obtain, ac-
quire, [ness.
gratitud, /., gratitude, grateful-
grato, -a, grateful; pleasing,
pleasant.
gratuita,/., free-school.
gratuitamente, gratuitously,
freely; without cause or rea-
son.
grave, weighty, ponderous, seri-
ous, grave, haughty, moment-
ous.
grey, /., flock, herd ; congrega-
tion, people, fold.
griego, -a, adj. &* ., Greek.
grieta,/., crack, cleft, crevice.
gritar, to scream, shout, shriek,
cry, cry out.
grueso, -a, thick, gross, stout.
gruSir, to grumble, growl, grunt.
grun6n, -na, ., growler, grum-
bler.
grupo, m., group.
gruta,/., grotto, cave.
Guadalete, prop. n.
guapo, -a, courageous, bold,
daring ; (oftener) good-looking,
handsome, elegant.
guardar, to guard, watch over,
protect, keep ; se de, to ab-
stain from, avoid, be upon
one's guard.
guardia,/., guard, police ; de
corps, life-guard ; dngel de la
, guardian angel.
guarida, /., den, cave ; shelter,
place of refuge, hiding place.
guerra,/., war.
guerrero, -a, warlike, martial;
., warrior, fighter, soldier.
guia, m. &*/., guide, leader, con-
ductor.
guiar, to guide, lead, conduct.
guisa, /., guise; a de, as, in
the manner of, after the style
of.
guisar, to cook; prepare vict-
uals.
Gundi, prop. .
gustar, to please, like; taste;
de, to like, be fond of.
gusto, m., taste ; pleasure, gusto,
enjoyment, relish; a , at
pleasure, comfortably.
gustoso, -a, willing, cheerful,
content.
ha, has, pres. ind. of haber.
Habana, prop. ., Havana.
habanero, -a, Havanese.
haber, to have; impers., to be,
exist; de, to have to, must;
que, to be necessary (for
hay, see hay).
VOCABULARY
habitaci6n,/., habitation, dwel-
ling, room.
habitante, ;/;., inhabitant, dwel-
ler, inmate.
habitar, to inhabit, dwell, re-
side, live.
hablar, to speak, talk.
habra,//. of haber.
habria, cond. of haber.
hacendoso, -a, diligent, domes-
tic.
hacer, to make, do, cause, bring
about, produce; imagine (yo
/* hacia en casa etc.) ; una
muerte, to kill somebody ;
de las suyas, to play his tricks ;
- el elogio, to praise;
como, to act as, pretend;
falta (a uno), to miss; -de,
to take the place of, act as ;
un papel, to play a role,
feign ; presente, to remind ;
no le hace, it does not mat-
ter ; (tmpers. referring to time)
ago, as hace siglos, centuries
ago, hace rato, a while ago;
se, to become, grow, turn
into; se cargo, to realize,
take into account, become
aware of; ee la ilusidn, to
imagine, labor under a hallu-
cination, be under a wrong
impression.
hacia, toward, in the direction
of, near to.
haga, pres. subj. of hacer.
hago, pres. ind. of hacer.
halcon, m., falcon.
hallar, to find; se, to find
oneself, be; se en su centro,
to be in one's element.
hambriento, -a, hungry, greedy.
hare", haremos,/A ind. of hacer.
hasta, prep., till, until, up to, as
far as ; adv., even ; q u c>
conj., till, until.
hay (impers. form of pres. ind.
of haber), there is, there are;
no tu tia, see tla ; quo" ,
what is the matter? what has
happened? que, the matter
is, it happens that, it is neces-
sary; no mas, there is no
other way, that is all.
haya, pres. subj. of haber.
haz, tmper. of hacer.
hazana,/., exploit, feat, achieve-
ment.
he, pres. ind. of haber.
hecho, /./. of hacer.
hecho, m., fact, deed, action, do-
ing.
helado, -a, frozen, frigid, cold.
hemos, pres. ind. of haber.
Hercules, prop. ., Hercules.
heregfa,/., heresy.
herencia, f., inheritance, heri-
tage.
herir, to wound, strike, hurt,
smite.
hermana,/., sister.
hermano, m., brother ; //., broth-
ers, brethren ; brother and sis-
ter, brothers and sisters.
hermoso, -a, handsome, beauti-
ful, fine.
Herodes, prop. ., Herod.
he'roe, m., hero.
heroicamente, heroically.
heroico, -a, heroic.
hervir, to boil, seethe.
hiel,/., gall, bitterness.
hiere, pres. ind. of herir.
hierro, m., iron; //., fetters,
shackles, chains; camino de
, railroad.
hierve, pres. ind. of hervir.
higuera, /., fig-tree.
hija, /., daughter, girl, child.
hijita, /., dim. of hija.
hijo, m., son ; pi., sons, children.
hilar, to spin.
himno, m., hymn.
hipocresia, /., hypocrisy.
hip6crita, m. 6 /., hypocrite
adj., hypocritical.
VOCABULARY
139
historiador, m., historian.
hizo, pret. of hacer.
hogar, /., hearth, hearthstone,
home.
hoja, /., leaf ; petal ; foil, sheet.
hojarasca, _/., excessive foliage,
nothing but leaves ; trash.
jhola!, hello!, ho!
holan, m., cambric.
hombre, m., man; de Men,
an honest or upright man;
de Dios, good man ; interj.,
denote surprise or impatience.
hombro, m., shoulder.
homenaje, /., homage ; obei-
sance; veneration.
honor, m., honor.
honra, /., honor.
honrado, -a, honest, upright,
honorable.
honrar, to honor, respect, digni-
fy; exalt.
hora, /., hour.
hora, adv. = ahora, now.
horizonte, m., horizon.
horror, m., horror.
horrorizar, to horrify, terrify.
hospicio, m., poor-house; asy-
lum.
hoy, to-day, in our day, in our
time ; dia, or el dia de ,
to-day, at present.
hoya,/., hole, pit, cavity ; grave.
hubiese, imp. subj. of haber.
hubo, pret. of haber.
huerto, m., orchard, kitchen-gar-
den.
hueso, m., bone.
hue"sped, m., host ; guest, lodger.
huevo, m., egg.
huida, /., flight.
huir, to flee, run away, escape;
shun, turn away.
humanidad, _/"., humanity, man-
kind.
humano, -a, human.
humear, to smoke, emit smoke,
fumes or vapors.
humedecer, to moisten, wet,
dampen, soak,
humildad, /., humility,
humilde, humble,
humor, m., humor, disposition.
huracan, ;//., hurricane, storm,
tempest.
huri, /., houri.
iba, imp. ind. of ir.
id, imper. of ir.
idea, /., idea.
ide"ntico, -a, identical, the same.
identificar, to identify; se
con, to identify oneself with.
idiota, m. &> /., idiot, fool.
idolo, m., idol. [ing-
iglesia,/., church, church build-
ignorante, ignorant, unacquaint-
ed, unaware.
ignorar, to be ignorant of, be
unacquainted with, not to
know.
igual, equal, same.
igualdad, /., equality.
igualmente, equally, likewise,
also.
il (Fr.), he, it.
ilusi6n, /., illusion, hallucina-
tion ; hacerse la , see hacer.
ilustrado, -a, intelligent, en-
lightened, cultured, educated.
ilustrar, to illustrate, enlighten,
instruct; se, to become en-
lightened, learn.
ilustre, illustrious ; noble; splen-
did, magnificent.
imagen, /., image, effigy.
imaginaci6n, /., imagination.
imaginar, to imagine, conceive,
fancy, think.
imbuir, to imbue, infuse.
imitar, to imitate, ape.
impaciencia, /, impatience, rest-
lessness.
140
VOCABULARY
impacientar, to irritate, vex,
exasperate; se, to Become
impatient, lose one's patience.
impaciente, impatient, restless.
impalpable, impalpable.
impasible, impassible, un-
moved.
impavidez, /., intrepidity, fear-
lessness.
impavido, -a, fearless, brave,
bold.
imperturbable, imperturbable.
fmpetu, m., impetus, impulse, fit.
impetuoso, -a, impetuous, vio-
lent, fierce, strong; vehement,
mighty.
imponente, imposing, impres-
sive.
imponer, to impose, lay upon,
charge ; impress, overawe ; in-
form, advise, let know.
importar, to be important, mat-
ter; be of importance, con-
cern; no me importa, I don't
care, it makes no difference to
me.
impregnar, to impregnate, satu-
rate ; se, to become impreg-
nated or saturated.
impresi6n, _/"., impression.
imprevisi6n, _/"., imprevision,
improvidence, want of fore-
sight.
imprudente, imprudent, indis-
creet, thoughtless, rash.
impusieran, imp. subj. of im-
poner.
inaccesible, inaccessible, unap-
proachable.
inalterable, inalterable, unalter-
able, unchangeable, un-
changed.
inanicion, /., inanition, exhaus-
tion.
incluso, -a, enclosed, included.
inc6gnito, m., incognito.
incomodidad, /'., incommodious-
ness, inconvenience, discom-
fort ; annoyance, vexation,
anger.
inc6modo, -a, inconvenient, un-
comfortable, troublesome, an-
noying.
inconcebible, inconceivable.
inconsistente, unsubstantial, un-
steady.
inconveniente, m., inconveni-
ence, objection.
incorregible, incorrigible.
indagar, to inquire, investigate,
examine.
indefinido, -a, indefinite, inde-
terminate, vague; n. m., an
officer without a definite place
or command.
independencia,/., independence.
independiente, independent.
indicar, to indicate, hint, point
out, suggest.
indiferente, indifferent, neutral ;
immaterial; unconcerned.
indisponer, to indispose, make
ill ; se, to grow ill.
indispuesto, -a, (from indispo-
ner), indisposed, unwell, ill.
individual, individual, peculiar,
undivided, personal.
individuo, m., individual, per-
son.
indole,/., nature, temper, dispo-
sition, idiosyncracy.
inepto, -a, inept, incompetent,
incapable.
inerte, inert, sluggish; sense-
less.
infantil, infantile, childlike,
childish.
infeliz, unhappy, unfortunate;
., un , una , a harmless
or guileless person, a poor
devil.
inferior, inferior, lower.
infiel, unfaithful, disloyal, un-
true; ., infidel, gentile, heath-
en.
innerno, m., hell; quintos a,
VOCABULARY
141
a distant, far away place,
heaven knows where.
infinite, -a, infinite, boundless,
great, considerable.
influencia,/., influence, efficient
power.
informe, m., information, report,
account, advice.
inf undir, to infuse, inspire with ;
instil.
ingles, -sa, English; ., En-
glishman, English woman.
ingratitud,/., ingratitude.
ingrato, -a, ungrateful, unthank-
ful; thankless.
iniquidad, /., iniquity, outrage.
inmaculado, -a, immaculate,
stainless, pure.
inmenso, -a, immense, vast,
huge.
inmerecido, -a, unmerited, un-
deserved.
inmolar, to immolate, sacrifice.
imn6vil, unmovable, motionless.
inmovilidad. /., immovability,
firmness, fixedness.
inimitable, immutable, un-
changeable.
innumerable, innumerable, num-
berless, countless.
inocente, innocent, harmless.
inofensivo, -a, harmless, inof-
fensive.
inoportuno, -a, inopportune, un-
timely.
inquieto, -a, restless, uneasy,
fidgety.
insensate, -a, insensate, non-
sensical, foolish.
inseparable, inseparable.
insignificante, insignificant, un-
important.
insistir, to insist, persist.
insolencia, /., insolence, impu-
dence, effrontery, rashness.
insoportable, insupportable, in-
tolerable, unbearable.
inspiraci6n,/., inspiration.
inspirar, to inspire, inspire with ;
instil.
instabilidad, /., instability, un-
stableness, fickleness.
instancia, /., instance, instancy,
petition; & s de, at the re-
quest of. [ously.
instantaneamente, instantane-
instante, m., instant, moment;
al , at once.
instinto, m., instinct.
instrumento, m., instrument.
insulsez, /., incipidity, flatness,
lack of grace.
insultar, to insult, abuse.
insulto, m., insult.
intelecto, m., intellect, mind.
intencidn, f., intention, purpose,
design.
intento, m., intention, purpose,
design ; attempt.
interceder, to intercede.
intercesi6n, /., intercession.
interns, m., interest.
interesar, to interest, concern;
se por, to be interested in.
interior, interior, internal, inner;
n. neuter, lo , the interior,
the inside; m., interior, home.
interlocutor, -ora, ., interloc-
utor.
inter nos (Lai.), between or
among ourselves.
interpelar, to appeal to, sum-
mon, address.
interponer, to interpose, place
between ; se, to interpose,
go or come between.
interpretar, to interpret, con-
strue, understand.
inte'rprete, m. & /., interpreter.
interpuesto, p.p. of interponer.
interrogar, to question, interro-
gate; el inter rogado, la inte-
i rogada, the person questioned
or addressed.
interrumpir, to interrupt, cut
off, discontinue.
VOCABULARY
intersticio, *., interstice, crack,
crevice.
intervenci6n, _/"., intervention,
interference.
intervenir, to intervene, inter-
fere, take a part, meddle.
intervinieron,/;r/. .), my.
machac6n, -na, monotonous,
importunate, wearisome, dull.
VOCABULARY
madre, /., mother; i mia!
Holy Virgin !
Madrid, prop, n., Madrid,
madrugada, /., dawn, early
morning.
madurez,/'., maturity, ripeness,
maestro, m., master, teacher;
de escuela, school-master,
magia,/., magic.
magnified, -a, magnificent,
splendid,
magno, -a, great,
mais, (fr.), but.
maitre, m., (fr.), master, teach-
er,
majaderia,/., foolishness, folly,
nonsense, absurdity,
majar, to pound, bruise, crush,
break in a mortar,
majestad, /., majesty,
mal, adj., apocopated form of
malo; adv., badly, wrongly,
poorly, wickedly ; n. m., evil,
wrong; disease, complaint.
tnaicriado, -a, ill-bred, unman-
nerly; impudent; (of a child}
spoiled, naughty,
maldad,/., wickedness, badness,
maldecir, to curse, damn, ac-
curse.
maldici6n,/"., malediction, curse,
maldito, -a, (/./. of maldecir),
cursed, accursed, perverse.
malevolencia, _/., malevolence,
malice,
maleza, /., underbrush, weeds,
thicket,
malhumorado, -a, ill-humored,
peevish; in a bad humor,
malicia, /., malice, malignity,
wickedness, roguishness, mis-
chievousness.
malo, -a, bad, wicked, vicious.
malvado, -a, wicked, nefarious,
fiendish,
malla, _/"., mesh, mail; cota de
, see cota.
mama,/., mamma, mother.
mamaita,/., dim.
mamarracho, m., daub.
mancha,/., stain, spot; guilt.
mandar, to command, give or-
ders, rule, govern ; send, remit.
manera,/., manner, way, mode;
a la que, just as, in the
same way that ; de que, so
that, in such way that.
manita,/., dim. of mano.
mano, /., hand ; (of a mortar)
pestle ; de la , by the hand.
mansedumbre, /., meekness,
gentleness.
mansi6n,y., mansion, residence,
dwelling, dwelling-place.
manso, -a, tame, meek, gentle,
quiet, tranquil.
mantener, to maintain, hold,
hold up; se, to remain,
stand, take a stand.
manana,/"., morning, to-morrow ;
de , morning, in the morn-
ing.
mar, m. orf., sea, ocean.
maravilla,/., marvel, wonder.
marcado, -a, marked, notice-
able, striking.
marcha, _/., march, progress;
departure.
marchar, to march, set out; ad-
vance ; se, to go away.
Margarita, prop. ., Margaret.
Maria, prop. ., Mary.
marido, m., husband.
marinero, m., sailor.
mariposa, /., butterfly ; a prim-
itive night-lamp consisting of
a wick put through a cork
which floats on oil covering
the surface of water contained
in a cup or tumbler.
Maritornes, prop. ., see p. 12,
nole i.
Marque's, m., Marquis.
marrar, to miss; fail.
Martin, prop. ., Martin.
martir, m. 6/., martyr.
146
VOCABULARY
martirio, m. t martyrdom; tor-
ture; suffering.
mas, adj. & adv., more ; el ,
la , lo , los , las , the
most; que, although; por
que, however much ; nada
que, only.
mas, conj., but.
masa, /., mass, lump; nature,
composition.
matar, to kill, slay.
material, m., material ; adj.,
material.
matrimonio, m., matrimony,
marriage; married couple.
matrona, /., matron; adj., ma-
tron-like, lofty.
maxima, _/"., maxim, principle,
precept.
mayor (comp. of grande), larger,
greater, older; {preceded by
art.) super., the larger, the
largest, the greater, the great-
est, the older, the oldest.
mayor, m., major; de plaza,
commandant.
me, me, to me.
mecha,/., fuse, fusee.
media,/., hose, stocking.
mediacana, /., fluted moulding.
mediacidn, /., mediation, inter-
cession; intervention,
mediano, -a, middle, middling;
mediocre.
mediante, intervening, by means
of; a, owing to, on account
of.
medicina, /., medicine, remedy.
medida, /., measure ; a que,
as, according as, in proportion
as.
Medina, prop. n.
Medinaceli, prop. n.
medio, -a, half.
medio, m., medium ; means ; mid-
dle, midway ; en de, in the
midst of; por de, by means
of, through.
medroso, -a, fearful, timiu,
dreadful, frightful, awful.
mejilla, /., cheek.
mejor, better, best ; el , la ,
the best. [ness.
melodia, _/"., melody, melodious-
memoria, /., memory, recollec-
tion, remembrance ; memorial,
commemoration ; memento,
souvenir.
menci6n, /., mention.
mencionar, to mention, allude
to, refer to; el mencionado,
the above referred to.
menos, less, least ; except ; al ,
at least; no poder de, see
poder. [ly.
mentalmente, mentally, inward-
mente, /., mind.
mentir, to lie, to fib; to mis-
represent.
Mentor, prop, n., as a common n.
it means mentor.
menudo, -a, small, tiny, short ;
paso , see paso.
mercS, /., corruption of merced.
merced, /., mercy, grace ; su ,
his grace, your grace, you ;
a, thanks to, owing to.
merecer, to merit, deserve.
Merino, prop. n.
me"rito, m., merit, desert, worth.
meritorio, -a, meritorious.
Merlin, prop, n., Merlin.
mes, m., month.
mesa, /., table.
meter, to place, put, put into,
enter; se, to get into, plunge
in, meddle, interfere, go about ;
se por los ejos, to present
oneself to view, to get before
the eyes of others; el palo
en candela, to add fuel to the
fire, set things on fire, stir up
matters; me'tome-en-todo (lit.,
I put myself or meddle in
everything), meddlesome, a
meddlesome person.
VOCABULARY
'47
met6dicatnente, methodically,
carefully, regularly, neatly.
Me"tome-en-todo, see meter.
mezquino, -a, mean, niggardly ;
puny, insignificant.
mezquita, /., mosque.
mi, mis (apocopated form of mlo,
mios), my, my own.
mi (after a prep?), me, myself,
to me.
miedo, m., fear, dread, appre-
hension.
miembro, m., member; limb.
mientras, while, whilst, during,
during the time of ; mas,
the more ; que, con;'., whilst,
during the time that, so long
as ; tanto, meanwhile, in
the meantime.
miga, /., crumb of bread.
mil, thousand.
milagro, m., miracle.
milano, m., kite, glede.
militar, military ; n. m., military
man, soldier, army officer.
mimado, -a, petted, indulged,
spoiled.
mimar, to pet, fondle, caress,
indulge, spoil.
minitno, -a, least, smallest.
minuto, m., minute.
mio, mia, mios, mias, mine, my ;
los mios, mine, my own peo-
ple.
mira, /., view ; purpose, design.
mirada, /., look, glance, eye.
miramiento, m., consideration,
attention, courtesy.
mirar, to look, gaze, see; de
alto a bajo, to look down upon ;
., glance, look.
misa, /., mass.
miseria, /., misery, poverty,
want, destitution.
misericordia, /., mercy, clem-
ency, pity.
misi6n,/., mission.
mismo, -a, same, self.
mitad,/., half, middle.
mitologia, /., mythology.
Mnesteo, prop. n.
mocito, m., dim. of mozo.
moda, /., fashion.
modelo, m., model.
modernizar, to modernize, make
modern.
moderno, -a, modern.
modestia, /., modesty.
modesto, -a, modest, humble.
modo, m., mode, way, manner,
mood; con buen, , pleasant-
ly, nicely, kindly.
mofar, to deride, scoff, ridicule,
sneer ; se, to ridicule, make
fun of.
moldo, m., mould, pattern; de
, fittingly, suitably ; venir
de , see venir.
moler, to grind, crush ; vex, mo-
lest, annoy.
memento, m., moment, instant.
monarquico, -a, monarchical.
mono, -a, n., monkey, ape.
mon6tono, -a, monotonous.
monsieur, m. (Fr.), mister, sir,
gentleman.
monte, m., mount, mountain;
wood, forest.
morada, /., dwelling, habitation,
residence.
morador, m., inhabitant, inmate.
moral, moral; spiritual; intel-
lectual; lo , the spiritual
nature, the qualities of mind.
mordaza, /., gag.
morir, to die, expire; be dying,
be about to die; se, to be
about to die, be dying, die.
morisco, -a, Moorish.
moro, -a, Moorish ; ., Moor.
mortalmente, mortally, fatally.
mortero, m., mortar.
mortificar, to mortify, molest,
annoy, hurt a person's feelings.
mostacilla,/., (dim. o/mostaza),
small bead, small drop.
148
VOCABULARY
mostrar, to show, point out, ex-
hibit; ae, to show oneself,
appear ; se sobre si, to ap-
pear calm or self-possessed.
motor, m., motor, motive power,
force.
mover, to move, set in motion,
stir, shake ; se, to move, stir.
movimiento, m., movement, mo-
tion.
mozo, m., boy, young man ; serv-
ant, waiter.
muchisimo, -a (super, of mu-
cho, -a), very much ; //., very
many, a great many.-
mucho, -a, much ; (of time) long;
OS, as, many.
mudo, -a, mute; dumb, silent.
muela,/., molar tooth; dolor de
, toothache.
muelan, pres. ind. of moler.
muelle, m., pier, quay, wharf;
spring.
muere, pres. ind. of morir.
muerte,/., death.
muerto, -a {from morir), dead.
muestra, pres. ind. of mostrar.
muestra,/., show, manifestation,
indication, demonstration.
mueven, pres. ind. of mover.
mujer, _/., woman, wife ; de
Dios, good woman, good wife.
mundanal, worldly.
mundano, -a, mundane, worldly,
earthly.
mundo, m., world; todo el ,
every one, every body.
muneca, /., wrist ; doll, puppet ;
de muelle, spring puppet,
jack-in-a-box.
muralla,/., rampart; wall; wall
of a city.
murieron, pret. of morir.
muti^semos, imp. subj. of morir.
Murillo, prop. n.
murmurar, to murmur, ripple;
mutter, grumble.
muro, m., wall.
miisica,/., music.
miisico, -a, musical.
mustio, -a, sad, gloomy, cheer-
less; languid, withered.
mutismo, m., dumbness, mute-
ness, silence.
mutuo, -a, mutual, reciprocal.
muy, very, very much, much of a.
nacer, to be born, spring up,
arise, issue; shoot, bud, sprout.
nacional, national; n. (member
of a political party), national,
nationalist.
nada, nothing; (after a negative}
anything ; nothing of the kind,
by no means; de, nothing,
anything; mas que, only.
nadador, m., swimmer.
nadie, no one, nobody, none;
(after a negative) anyone, any-
body.
Napoledn, prop. ., Napoleon.
Narciso, prop. ., Narcissus.
narcotizar, to narcotize, give an
opiate.
nariz (//. narices),/., nose; pl. t
noses, nostrils.
narrador, -ora, ., narrator.
naturaleia,/., nature.
naturalmente, naturally.
necesario, -a, necessary, need-
ful.
necesidad,/., necessity, want.
necesitar, to necessitate, need,
want.
necio, -a, stupid, ignorant, fool-
ish ; ., fool.
negar, to deny, refuse, reject,
spurn; se, to refuse.
negativa,/., denial; refusal.
negro, -a, black.
nene, -a, m. &*f., baby.
Ner6n, prop, n., Nero.
ni, neither, nor, not even.
VOCABULARY
149
nicho, m., niche, case.
nido, m., nest.
niega, pres. ind. of negar.
ninfa,/., nymph.
ninguno, -a, no one, none, not
. . . any, any.
nino, -a, child; m., little boy;
/., little girl; adj., childish,
childlike; menos , less of a
child.
Niobe, prop. ., Niobe.
no, no, not ; ( qualifying a noun)
non , un or in ; (p. jy)
no complicidad, non-complici-
ty, freedom from complicity,
innocence.
noble, noble, illustrious, emi-
nent, lofty.
nobleza,/., nobleness; nobility.
nocivo, -a, noxious, injurious,
hurtful.
noche, /., night, evening ; de ,
at night; la menos pen-
sada, the night you least ex-
pect it.
Noe", prop, n., Noah.
nombrar, to name, mention, des-
ignate.
nombre, m., name; noun.
nomenclature,/., nomenclature ;
catalogue.
norte, w., north.
nos, us, to us.
nosotros, we ; (after a prep.) us.
notable, notable, remarkable,
striking.
notar, to note, notice, perceive,
observe.
noticia, f., notice, news, inform-
ation.
flovela, /., novel.
novicio, -a, adj., new, inexperi-
enced; n., novice.
novillo, m., young bull or steer.
nube, /., cloud.
nudo, m., knot; corredizo,
slip-knot.
nuestro, -a, -os, -as, our; (pre-
ceded by aef. art.) ours, our
own.
nuevo, -a, new, fresh; de ,
anew, again,
numeroso, -a, numerous, large
in number,
nunca, never, at no time.
6, or.
obediencia, f., obedience, sub-
jection.
Objeto, m., object ; purpose ; sub-
ject; con de, in order that,
for the purpose of.
oblea,/., wafer for sealing letters.
obligar, to oblige, compel.
Obra, f., work ; fabric, construc-
tion.
obrar, to work, act, perform,
execute.
obscuridad, /., obscurity, dark-
ness, gloom.
obscuro, -a, obscure, dark,
gloomy.
Obsequiar, to treat, entertain,
honor.
obsequio, m., favor, service.
observar, to observe, keep, obey ;
remark; notice.
Obstante, withstanding; no ,
notwithstanding,nevertheless.
obstinaci6n, /., obstinacy, ob-
duracy, stubbornness.
obstinado, -a, obstinate, per-
sistent, obdurate, stubborn.
obtener, to obtain, get, attain.
ocasi6n, /., occasion, time, op-
portunity.
ocultar, to hide, conceal, dis-
guise.
OCulto, -a, occult, hidden, con-
cealed.
ocupaci6n, /., occupation, busi-
ness, employment.
ocupar, to occupy; se de, to
attend to, treat of, deal with,
speak about.
'5
VOCABULARY
ochavado, -a, octagonal, eight-
sided.
ocho, eight.
odiar, to hate, abhor, detest.
Odio, m,, odium, hatred, abhor-
rence.
odioso, -a, odious, hateful.
ofender, to offend, insult ; se,
to take offence.
oficial, m., officer.
ofrecer, to offer, present; ex-
hibit, manifest; promise;
want, need.
i oh!, oh:
oido, m., ear ; hearing.
oir, to hear, listen, listen to.
OJitO, m., dim. of OJO-
ojo, m,, eye; de lince, see
lince.
ola, /., wave.
olvidar, to forget, neglect, omit,
overlook.
olla, /., pot.
omitir, to omit, neglect; abstain
from, forbear.
onza,/., ounce ; old Spanish gold
coin worth about 16 dollars.
opinar, to opine, have an opin-
ion, think ; express an opinion,
remark.
opini6n, /., opinion.
opio, m., opium.
oprobio, m., opprobrium, oppro-
brious epithet.
opuestamente, on the contrary,
oppositely, on the other hand.
opuesto, -a, opposed ; opposite,
ora, whether, either, or, now;
ora . . . ora, whether ... or,
now . . . now.
oraci6n, f., oration; prayer;
angelus.
orar, to pray.
oratorio, /., oratory, oratorio,
private chapel.
orden, m., order, arrangement,
/., order, command.
oreja, /., ear.
oriental, oriental, eastern.
original, original, odd.
original, to originate, cause, be
the cause of, give occasion for.
orilla, /., shore, bank.
Orlando, prop, n., Orlando.
oro, m., gold.
Ortiz, prop. .
os, you, to you.
osadia, f., audacity, boldness,
daring.
Osario, m., ossuary, charnel-
house; ossarium.
ostentar, to show forth, make a
show of, exhibit, make known ;
wear with pride.
ostrobobo, m., corruption of
ostrogodo.
ostrogodo, m., Ostrogoth.
Otono, m., autumn.
Otorgar, to grant ; consent.
otro, -a, other, another.
oye, pres. ind. & imper. of oil.
oyeron, pret. of oir.
P. abbr. of padre.
pabel!6n, ;., pavilion ; bell-tent ;
bed canopy; flag.
paciencia, /., patience.
paciente, m. 6 /., patient.
pacificamente, tranquilly, peace-
fully, quietly.
pacffico, -a, pacific, peaceful,
tranquil.
padecer, to suffer, undergo, labor
under.
padre, m., father; //., fathers,
parents, ancestors, forefathers;
santos , holy fathers, fath-
ers of the early church.
padrino, m., godfather; (in a
duet) second; patron, protec-
tor.
paga,/, pay, wages.
pagano, -a, pagan, heathen.
VOCABULARY
pagar, to pay, repay ; atone.
pals, ///., country, nation.
paisaje, m., landscape.
paisano, m., civilian; country-
man, compatriot, fellow-citi-
zen ; de , as a civilian.
pajarillo, pajarito, m., dims, of
pajaro.
pajaro, m., bird ; bobo, a
species of sea-gull, probably
the same as colymbus, so
called because it allows itself
to be easily caught.
palabra, /., word ; speech.
palidamente, pallidly, palely,
faintly, slightly.
palidecer, to grow pale.
palido, -a, pallid, pale, faint,
colorless, dull.
palmada, /., slap.
palo, m., stick; wood, timber;
meter el en candela, see
meter.
paloma, /., dove.
palomar, ;., dove-cot, pigeon-
house, [dove.
palomo, m., cock-pigeon, pigeon,
palote, m., a slanting stroke
made with the pen, when
learning to write. [dent.
palpable, palpable, plain, evi-
palpitante, throbbing, palpitat-
ing, very keen.
pan, m., bread. [ers.
pantal6n, m., pantaloons, trous-
pantano, m., swamp, marsh.
panz6n, -na, big-bellied, corpu-
lent.
panzudo, -a, with projecting
abdomen; convex, bulgingout.
panuelo, m., handkerchief.
paparrucha, /., hoax, trick, de-
ception, humbug.
papel, m., paper; role; hacer un
, see hacer; de estraza,
brown paper, wrapping paper.
papelera, /., scrutoire, paper-
case; c6moda , see c6moda.
papelito, m., dim. of papel, piece
or strip of paper; de estraza,
piece of brown paper.
par, even, on a par; m., pair; a
, or a la , jointly, equally,
at the same time, as well as.
para, for, to, in order to; que,
so that, in order that.
parabin, m., felicitation, con-
gratulations.
paradero, m., stopping-place,
halting-place, whereabouts.
parado, -a, stopped, inactive,
quiet, still.
paraje, m., place, spot, site.
parapeto, m., parapet, breast-
work.
parar, to stop, remain quiet,
come to a standstill; stop, de-
tain, check; se, to stand
still, stop.
parecer, to appear, seem ; se,
to resemble.
parecer, m., opinion, advice; ap-
pearance, mien.
pared, /., wall.
parentela, /., (collective n.) rela-
tions, kinsfolk.
par^ntesis, m., parenthesis, in-
terruption, a cutting off.
parezca, pres. subj. of parecer.
Paris, prop, n., Paris.
parlanchin, -na, adj., chattering,
tattling; ., chatterer, tattler.
parpado, m., eyelid.
parrafo, m., paragraph.
parte, /., part, section; place,
spot; en (or por) todas s,
everywhere; en alguna,
anywhere ; flaca, weak side,
weak spot.
particular, particular.
particularmente, particularly,
especially.
participar, to participate; give
notice, inform, communicate,
report.
partida, /., party, game; trick;
'5*
VOCABULARY
jugar una , to play a game,
play a trick.
partido, m., party; advantage;
district, territory; (in Andalu-
sia) apartment, flat.
pasadizo, m., passageway, hall.
pasado, -a, past, last ; n. m.,
past.
pasajero, -a, ., passenger.
pasaporte, m., passport.
pasar, to pass, pass away, pass
in, enter; spend; take place,
happen ; por, to pass as, be
considered as ; adelante, to
step forward, go in, come in.
pascual, paschal.
pasear, to walk, stroll, prome-
nade, take a walk.
paseo, m., walk, drive, ride;
public walk, promenade.
pasi6n,y., passion.
pasito, m., dim. of paso.
paso, m. t pass; step; dar s,
to take steps; a menudo y
precipitado, with short, quick
steps; apretar el , see apre-
tar.
pastorona, (not in dictionary) un-
couth and candid(?).
pastoso, -a, mellow, soft.
pata, /., foot and leg of animals ;
patas arriba, upside down,
head down.
patente, patent, apparent, clear,
evident.
patentizar, to make evident,
show clearly.
pat^tico, -a, pathetic, touching,
sad; lo , what is pathetic,
pathetic things.
patlbulo, m., gibbet, gallows,
scaffold.
pato, m., duck.
patrana, /., fake, deceit, decep-
tion, humbug.
pavonearse, to strut, show off.
paz, /., peace; dejar en , to
leave or let alone.
pecado, m., sin.
pecador, -ra, ., sinner.
pecar, to sin.
pecho, m., breast, chest, bosom,
heart.
pedir, to ask, require, demand;
pray.
Pedro, prop. ., Peter ; como
por su casa, freely, familiar-
ly, without fear and without
ceremony.
pegar, to stick, join, glue, ad-
here; beat, strike; se, to
adhere, catch, be contagious,
be catching.
peligro, m., danger, peril, risk,
hazard, jeopardy.
pena, /., pain, punishment;
trouble; grief; valer la ,
see valer.
pendiente, pendant, dangling;
steep.
pendoiista, m. & /., penman,
one skillful with the pen.
penetrar, to penetrate, pass
through, enter, get in, pierce ;
se, to comprehend, be con-
vinced.
peninsula, y., peninsula; la Pe-
ninsula,/., Spain.
pensamiento, m., thought, in-
tention, purpose, idea.
pensar, to think, meditate, con-
sider; intend; cuando menos
pensado, when least expected ;
la noche or el dia menos pen-
sado, the night or the day
least expected.
Pepe, prop. n. (col!, for Jose"),
Joseph.
pequeSo, -a, small, little; en ,
in a small way, in a small
scale.
percance, m., mischance, acci-
dent, mishap, unusual experi-
ence.
perder, to lose, miss ; ruin, be-
tray; se, to fade away, do
VOCABULARY
'53
something rash, cause one's
own ruin ; pie, to lose one's
footing.
perd6n, m., pardon, forgiveness.
perdonar , to pardon, forgive, ex-
cuse, spare.
perecer, to perish, die.
perejil, m., parsley.
perentorio, -a, peremptory, de-
cisive, positive.
perfecto, -a, perfect, complete.
peri6dico, m., periodical, jour-
nal.
perjudicar, to injure, harm.
perjuicio, m., prejudice, injury,
detriment, damage.
perjurar, to swear falsely ; swear
repeatedly.
perla,/., pearl; de s, fittingly;
venir de s, see venir.
perlesla,/., paralysis, palsy.
perlita,/., dim. of perla.
permanecer, to stay, remain,
stand; endure.
permitir, to permit, allow.
pero, but.
perseguir, to pursue, persecute.
persona, /., person; en propia
, in propria persona, his very
self.
persuadir, to persuade, induce.
persuasi6n,/., persuasion, opin-
ion, argument, allegation.
pertenecer, to belong, pertain.
pertenezca, pres. subj. of perte-
necer.
perverse, -a, adj., perverse,
wicked; ., perverse one,
wicked one.
pesadez, _/"., heaviness, gravity,
ponderosity; tediousness, dull-
ness, importunity, boring.
pesado, -a, heavy, ponderous;
., bore.
pesar, n. m., sorrow, affliction,
grief, suffering; a de, in
spite of; a mi , in spite of
myself.
pesar, v., to weigh ; weigh down ;
cause regret; mal que me
pese, in spite of myself, to my
sorrow.
pescaderia,/., fish-market.
peseta, /., Spanish coin worth
one franc or twenty cents.
pe'sim.O, -a, irreg. super, of
malo-a.
peso, m., weight, heaviness,
gravity ; en , up in the air,
by main force or strength.
petaca, /., case, box, cigar-case.
petrificar, to petrify, fossilize.
pez-espada, m., swordfish.
plcaro, -a, roguish, knavish,
devilish.
pico, m., peak, bill; mouth;
loquacity, garrulity ; jarabe
de , see jarabe.
pide, pres. ind. of pedir.
pidiese, imp. subj. of pedir.
pidi6, pret. of pedir.
pie, m., foot; de , or en ,
standing; perder , see per-
der.
piececita, /., dim. of pieza.
piedra, /., stone.
piel, /., skin, fur, hide.
pierda, pres. subj. of perder.
pierna, /., leg.
pieza, /., piece, room, apart-
ment.
Pilades, prop, n., Pylades.
pilar, m., pillar, column.
Pilatos, prop. ., Pilate.
pimiento, m., pepper, capsicum ;
chile, chilli-pepper.
pincel, m., artist's brush.
pintar, to paint, picture, deline-
ate; describe; se solo, to
be very skillful, have great
aptitude, excel.
pintura, /., painting, art; pic-
ture; paint, color.
piramide, /., pyramid.
pisaverde, . m., fop ; adj., fop-
pish.
154
VOCABULARY
piso, m., pavement; walking;
floor; flat.
pistola, /., pistol.
placer, v., to please, gratify.
placer, n. m., pleasure, enjoy-
ment, gratification.
plaga, /., plague, scourge, pest,
calamity, affliction.
plan, m., plan, design, project,
outline, draft.
plana, /., page; copy.
planta, /., sole of the foot; plant;
plan ; echar s, see echar .
plata, /., silver.
plataforma, /., platform, ter-
race.
platear, to silver.
plato, m., plate, dish.
plaza, /., place, space; public
square; market place; de
armas, parade ground.
plazoleta, f., dim. of plaza.
plegaria, /., prayer, supplica-
tion.
pleno, -a, full, complete.
pliego, m., sheet of paper ; sealed
letter or document.
plumaje, m., plumage.
poblaci6n, _/"., population, town,
city.
pobre, poor.
pobreza, /., poverty, poorness.
pobrecito, -a, dim. of pobre;
pobrecita mla, my poor dar-
ling.
poco, -a, adj., little, a little,
small; (of time) short, short
time; tener en , to set little
value on, belittle; s anos,
see ano.
poco, adv., little, a little, shortly,
a little while, recently; a ,
soon after.
poder, v., to be able, can, may ; no
menos de, not to be able
to help; puede que, it may be
that, perhaps, it is possible
that.
poder, n. m., power; might.
poderoso, -a, powerful, potent,
mighty, strong.
podran, fut. ind. of poder.
podrfa, cond. of poder.
poema, /., poem.
poesia, /., poesy, poetry, poem.
portico, -a, poetic, poetical.
politico, -a, political, politic;
polite.
ponderaci6n, f., weighing, pon-
dering; heightening; exagger-
ation.
poner, to put, set, place; lay;
cuidado, to take care ; en
juego, to bring into play;
en olvido, to forget, cast into
f orgetf ulness ; en salvo, to
put in or take to a safe place,
save; se, to begin, become,
grow; se en (or de) pie, to
stand up ; se en camino, to
start, go along.
popular, popular, common, gen-
eral.
por, by, for, through, along, dur-
ing, as, on account of, for the
sake of; mas que, however
much; entre, through;
lo cual, for which reason, on
this account; medio de, by
means of, through ; si, or
si acaso, in case, should it
happen that; quo", why.
pordiosero, -a, ., beggar.
pormenor, m., detail, particular.
porque, because, for; in order
that, so that.
portada,/., porch ; frontispiece;
title-page.
posar, to lodge ; rest, sit down ,
lighl, alight, perch.
poseer, to possess, have. [of.
posesionarse, to take possession
posible, possible.
posici6n,/., position, post, place.
postrar, to prostrate, weaken, ex
haust.
VOCABULARY
155
postrer, apocopated form of pos-
trero.
postrero, -a, last, hindermost.
poyo, ;., stone bench, stone seat.
practice, -a, practical.
pre" or prest, ;., a soldier's daily
pay.
preceder, to precede, go before.
preces, f. pi., prayer, petitions,
supplications.
preciarse, to boast, glory.
precio, m., price, value, cost ; a
de, at the price of, at the
cost of.
precioso, -a, precious; beautiful,
nice.
precipitadamente, quickly, hur-
riedly, hastily.
precipitado, -a, quick, hasty,
hurried.
precipitar, to precipitate, cast
headlong, rush ; se, to fall
headlong, rush.
precisamente, precisely, exactly,
necessarily, indispensably.
precisar, to fix, set, determine;
compel, be necessary.
precise, -a, precise; necessary.
precursor, -ra, preceding, com-
ing before ; ., forerunner, har-
binger.
preferir, to prefer.
prefiere, pres. ind of preferir.
prSfulo, -a, corruption of pr6-
fugo, -a.
pregunta,/., question, inquiry.
preguntar, to ask, question, in-
quire.
premeditar, to premeditate.
premio, m., reward, prize.
prender, to seize, catch, capture,
arrest.
preocupado, -a (from preocu-
par), prejudiced, biased; ., a
prejudiced person.
preparar, to prepare, get ready.
presencia, /., presence ; appear-
ance.
presentar, to present, show, dis-
play, offer; se, appear,
present itself.
presente, present ; hacer , to
remind; tener , to bear in
mind.
prescribir, to prescribe.
prescrito, p.p. of prescribir.
presidio, m., garrison, fortress;
jail; hard labor.
presidir, to preside, overlook,
command.
preso, -a (/./. of prender), ar-
rested, imprisoned; ., prison-
er.
prest, m., daily pay allowed to
soldiers.
prestar, to lend, give, bestow.
presumido, -a, presumptuous,
conceited.
presuncion, /., presumption,
presumptuousness.
pretensi6n,/., pretension, claim.
pretil, m., battlement, breast-
work.
prevenido, -a, cautious, far-see-
ing, long-headed.
prevenir, to prepare, prearrange ;
provide; prevent; warn, ad-
vise.
prever, to foresee.
previno, pret. of prevenir.
primavera, /., spring.
primer, apocopated form of
primero.
primero, -a, first, former, neut.
., lo , the first thing.
primitivo, -a, primitive, origin-
al, pristine.
primo, -a, ., cousin.
primor, m., beauty, exquisite-
ness, nicety ; beautiful thing,
exquisite thing, marvel; con
, neatly, nicely, exquisitely.
principal, principal, important,
high, illustrious, noted.
prlncipe, m., prince, king.
principiar, to begin, commence.
'5*
VOCABULARY
principle, m., beginning, com-
mencement; a s de, at the
beginning of, in the first part
of, early in.
prisa, /., haste, hurry ; de , in
a hurry, hastily.
prisi6n, /., prison, jail, captivi-
ty, imprisonment.
probable, probable, likely.
probablementc, probably.
probar, to prove ; test, try ; taste.
procrear, to procreate, generate,
breed.
procurar, to procure, get; try,
endeavor.
producir, to produce, engender,
bring forth, create.
profanar, to profane, desecrate,
pollute.
profano, -a, profane, secular,
worldly.
pr6fugo, -a, ., fugitive.
profundamente, profoundly,
deeply.
profundo, -a, profound, deep.
prohibir, to prohibit, forbid.
promesa, /., prpmise, vow.
prometer, to promise, offer, bid
fair.
pronto, -a, adj., prone, prompt,
ready ; inclined ; quick ; adv.,
quickly.
pronunciar, to pronounce, utter,
deliver, speak.
propenso, -a, prepense, prone,
inclined.
propicio, -a, propitious, favor-
able.
propio, -a, proper, own, same,
peculiar, characteristic; 61 ,
himself; ella a, herself;
en a persona, see persona.
proponer, to propose, propound ;
purpose, intend.
proporcionar, to procure, supply,
furnish, provide with ; afford ;
un buen rato, to amuse or
entertain for a while.
prorrumpir, to break forth,
burst out.
prosaico, -a, prosaic, prosy,
matter-of-fact.
proseguir, to pursue; continue,
go on, follow.
prosiguiti, pret. of proseguir.
protector, /., protector, helper.
proteger, to protect, defend,
shield, guard.
protestante, m. S*f., Protestant.
provecho, m., profit, benefit, ad-
vantage ; //., perquisites.
proveer, to provide.
providencia,/., providence, fore-
sight, forethought ; Divine
Providence.
providencial, providential.
provincia, /., province.
pr6ximo, -a, proximate, next,
near, about to, on the point of.
prudencia,/., prudence, wisdom ;
moderation.
prudente, prudent, thoughtful,
wise.
prueba, _/"., proof; trial.
publicar, to publish, issue, pro-
claim.
publicidad, /., publicity.
publico, -a, adj., public; ., m.,
public.
pude, pudo, pudimos, pudieron,
pret. of poder.
pudi6semos, imp. subj. of poder.
pueblo, m., people, town.
pueda, pres. subj. of poder.
puede, pres. ind. of poder;
que, see poder.
puente, m. or /., bridge;
levadizo, draw-bridge.
puerta, /., door, gate.
puerto, m., harbor, port, haven.
pues, for, since, well, then;
qu6?, what then?
puesto, /./. of poner; de
punta en bianco, arrayed in
full dress; que, since, for?
tener . to have on.
VOCABULARY
157
pulso, m., pulse, hand.
punta,/., point, end, tip ; de en
bianco, cap-a-pie, in full dress.
Puntales, prop. n.
punto, m., point, place, instant,
loop; polka dot; al , at
once, immediately; al de,
hasta el de, to the point of,
going so far as ; de vista,
point of view.
puntual, punctual.
puno, m., fist, closed hand.
pupa, /., pustule, blister.
pure (fr.), pure.
pureza, _/"., purity, innocence,
chastity.
purgatorio, m., purgatory.
purisimo, -a, super, of puro.
puritano, -a, puritan, puritanic;
(in page q, line 21) plain.
puro, -a, pure, free, fine; clear.
pusiera, imp. subj. of poner.
puso, pret. of poner.
que, who, whom, which, that;
el , he who, the one which,
which; la , which, whom,
she who, the one which; los
, las , they who, those
which ; lo , what, that which ;
lo es, as to, in regard to;
quo"? inter., what? which? ^b.
?, to what?; qua"!, how!
Que'-se'-yo-que', Que'-se'-yo-
cuanto (lit. What do I know-
what ; What do I know-how
much?), SQ-&-SO, Such-a-
name, W hat-ever-they-call-
you; , conj., that, so that,
for; para , see para.
quebrar, to break, smash.
queche, ;., smack, ketch.
quedar, to remain, stay, be left,
become, be; se, to stay, re-
main.
quehacer, m. (que + hacer, used
mostly in the plural), occupa-
tion, duty, task.
queja, /., complaint, moan, dis-
pute.
quejido, m., complaint, groan,
moan.
querer, to be willing, wish, de-
sire, love; decir, to mean,
signify; Men, to like;
mal, to dislike; si se quiere,
if you will; jDios quiera!
God grant!
querido, -a (from querer), dear,
beloved.
querras, fut. ind. of querer.
Que'-se'-yo-que' &c., see que.
quid pro quo (Lat.), something
for something, tit for tat, an
equivalent in return.
quien, who, one who, he who,
whom; jSquie"n?, who?
quiero, quiere, pres. ind. ^que-
rer.
quieto, -a, quiet, still.
quinientos, -as, five hundred.
quinta,/., military draft (because
the lot falls on one out of five).
quinto, -a, fifth; s infiernos,
see inner no.
quisiese, imp. stibj. of querer.
quiso, pret. of querer.
quisquilla,/., bickering, trifling
dispute.
quitar, to take away, remove;
se, to take off, get rid of.
quiza, quizas, perhaps, it may
be.
R
rabano, m., radish.
rabioso, -a, rabid, furious, rag-
ing.
Rafael, prop. ., Raphael.
Ram6n, prop. ., Raymond.
ranchero, /., steward or cook of
a mess ; rancher.
VOCABULARY
rato, m., while, short period or
space of time ; dar un buen ,
see dar ; proporcionar un buen
, see proporcionar.
rayo, /., beam, streak, ray;
thunderbolt, lightning.
raz6n, _/"., reason, right, motive,
cause ; tener , to have cause,
be right ; dar , or dar la ,
to agree with, pronounce
right, approve.
real, real, regal, royal, kingly.
realista, m. &>/., royalist.
rebajar, to abate, diminish, re-
duce, lower, debase; se, to
debase oneself.
recibir, to receive, get, accept.
reci6n, recently, just, lately;
venido, newcomer.
reciente, recent.
recinto, m., inclosure, interior,
space, precincts.
recio, -a, strong, loud; adv.,
aloud.
reclamar, to claim; reclaim.
reclinatorio, m., reclinatory,
praying-desk.
recoger, to take again; gather,
collect ; pick up ; reap.
recogido, -a, retired, secluded;
reverent, devout.
recomendaci6n, /., recommen-
dation.
recomendar, to recommend,
urge, enjoin.
reconocer, to recognize; ac-
knowledge.
reconocimiento, m., recognition,
acknowledgement.
recordar, to recollect, remember.
rectificar, to rectify, correct,
amend; make right.
recto, -a, right, straight, up-
right.
recuerda, pre s. ind. of recordar.
recurso, m., recourse; resource;
resort ; device, means, ex-
pedient.
rechazar, to reject, spurn, refuse.
redil, ;., sheep-fold.
redoblar, to redouble, double,
multiply, increase, repeat.
referido, -a, above-referred to,
already mentioned.
referir, to refer, relate, narrate,
tell.
refinamiento, m., refinement ;
nicety, exactness.
refinar, to refine.
reflexi6n,/., reflection; observa-
tion ; suggestion, advice.
reforzar, to reinforce, strength-
en.
refrain, m. (/>.), refrain.
refran, m,, proverb.
refugiar, to shelter; se, to
take refuge.
regimiento, m., regiment.
registrar, to inspect, search, in-
vestigate, examine.
registro, m., search, inspection,
examination.
regla,/., rule.
regresar, to return, go back ;
come back.
regreso, m., return.
regrufiir (re -+- grunir), to grum-
ble, growl or grunt again or
repeatedly.
regular, regular, proper.
reir, reirse, to laugh.
relaci6n, /., relation, account,
narrative, story.
relegar, to relegate, banish.
relevar, to relieve, release.
religi6n,/., religion.
religiose, -a, religious, godly,
pious.
reliquia,/., relic, relic of a saint.
remediar, to remedy, help.
reminiscencia, /., reminiscence,
memory, memento.
remontar, to elevate, raise ; se,
to rise, remount.
rencor, w., rancor, grudge, aninv
osity, ill-feeling.
VOCABULARY
'59
renegade, -a, renegade.
renegar, to disown; detest, ab-
hor; grumble against, curse.
reng!6n, m., line.
renombre, m., renown, glory.
renta, /., revenue, income, an-
nuity, allowance.
reparaci6n, /., amends, repara-
tion, atonement.
repente. sudden ; de , sudden-
iy-
repeticion, /., repetition.
repetir, to repeat, reiterate.
reponer, to replace; answer, re-
ply, respond.
representar, to represent, stand
for; represent, perform, set
on the stage, act.
represi6n, _/., repression, check,
control.
reprimir, to repress, refrain,
check, control.
repuso, pret. of reponer.
reputaci6n,/., reputation.
rescatar, to ransom, redeem,
rescue.
reservar, to reserve.
resistir, to resist, oppose; with-
stand; struggle.
resonar, to resound, ring.
respeto, m., respect, regard, rev-
erence, consideration.
respetuosamente, respectfully.
respirar, to breathe, exhale.
resplandecer, to glitter, glow,
shine, outshine.
responder, to respond, answer,
reply.
responsable, responsible; salir
de, see salir.
restar, to be left, remain.
resucitar, to resurrect, revive,
resucitate, return to life, rise
from the dead.
resuelto, -a (p.p. tf/'resolver), re-
solved; resolute; determined.
resultado, m., result, issue, con-
pequence.
retama, /., genista; de olor,
Spanish broom.
retirar, to retire, retreat, with-
draw, recede; se, to with-
draw, retire.
retraer, to dissuade, keep from,
remove from.
retraiga, pres. subj. of retraer.
retrato, m., portrait, picture.
retroceder, to retrocede, step
back, fall back, go back.
retr6grado, -a, retrogressive, re-
actionary.
retumbar, to resound, sound
loudly.
reunion, /., reunion, meeting.
reunir, to reunite, unite, assem-
ble, gather together.
revenir, (fr.), to return, come
back, come again.
reverencia, /., reverence, re-
spect, veneration.
reverbero, m., reflector, lamp
with reflector, street lamp.
reverse, m., reverse; back, rear.
rev6s, m., reverse, wrong side;
al , on the contrary, contrari-
wise, the other way, wrong side
out.
revestir, to dress, clothe, invest ;
to deck, adorn, ornament.
reviens (fr.), imperative singular
of revenir.
revolver, to turn, turn upside
down, stir, upset.
revuelto, /. part, of revolver.
rey, m., king ; pi., kings, king
and queen.
reyezuelo, m. (dim. of rey), petty
king.
rezar, to pray, say or read
prayers.
rezo, m., prayer, praying, devo-
tions.
rico, -a, rich, wealthy ; plentiful,
abundant.
ridiculizar, to ridicule, make fun
of.
i6o
VOCABULARY
ridicule, -a, ludicrous, ridicul-
ous.
Riego, prop. n.
rinoceronte, m., rhinoceros.
rfo, m., river, stream.
risa,/., laugh, laughing.
ristra,/., string, row.
ristre, m., rest or socket for a
lance; en , in rest.
rizo, m., curl.
robar, to rob, steal; abduct,
snatch away.
robusto, -a, robust, strong.
roca, /., rock.
rociar, to sprinkle.
rodar, to roll, roll down.
rodear, to surround, encircle.
rodilla, /., knee ; de a, on one's
knees, kneeling.
rogar, to ask, request, beseech,
entreat, implore.
romancero, /., collection of ro-
mances or ballads.
romano, -a, Roman.
romper, to break, break out,
break off, break up; tear;
break forth, burst forth ; dis-
turb.
ronco, -a, hoarse, harsh.
Ronda, prop. n.
ropa,/"., clothes, clothing, wear-
ing apparel; linen.
rosa, /., rose; estar como la
propia , see estar.
rosario, m., rosary.
rosquete, m. (dim. of rosca, cir-
cular rusk), ring-shaped cake
or biscuit.
rosquetero, -a, ., maker or sel-
ler of rosquetes, q. v.
Rossini, prop. n.
rostro, m., face, countenance.
rozadura, /., friction, chafing,
abrasion.
rozar, to graze, scrape, rub
against.
rubio, -a, blond, fair, light, rud-
dy.
rudo, -a, rude, rough, severe;
stupid.
rugido, m., roar, uproar.
rugir, to roar, howl.
ruido, m., noise.
ruina, /., ruin.
ruinoso, -a, ruinous, ruined, in
ruins.
ruisenor, m., nightingale.
rustico, -a, rustic; coarse, clum-
sy; a la a or en a, un-
bound.
S
saber, v., to know, know how;
learn, hear; be able,
saber, n. m., knowledge, learning,
sabio, -a, learned, wise; .,
learned, sage,
saboneta,/., hunting-case watch;
de repetici6n, hunting-case
repeater.
sabonetilla, f.,dim.
pres. subj. of sentir.
siete, seven; de suelas, con-
summate, thorough, staunch.
sigilo, m., secrecy, silence.
sigilosamente, secretly, silently,
quietly.
siglo, m., century, age, epoch.
significar, to signify, mean, in-
dicate.
sigue, imper. &* pres, ind. of
seguir.
siguiendo, ger. of seguir.
siguiente, following, subse-
quent ; lo , what follows,
the following.
sigui6, pret. of seguir.
silbar, to whistle; whiz; hiss.
silbato, m., whistle.
silencio, m., silence, quiet.
jsilencio!, silence!, hush!
silencioso, -a, silent, noiseless,
quiet.
silla, /., chair, saddle.
sil!6n, m. (aug. of silla), arm-
chair, easy chair.
sfmbolc, m., symbol.
simpatia, /., sympathy, appre-
ciation, good will.
simpatico, -a, sympathetic,
sympathizing ; congenial, win-
some.
simpleza, /., simplicity, simple-
ness; foolishness, silliness.
sin, without ; con/., que, with-
out; - - embargo, notwith-
standing, nevertheless.
sinceridad, /., sincerity.
sincere, -a, sincere.
siniestro, -a, left; sinister, un-
lucky, inauspicious.
sino, but, except; que, but.
sinti6, pret. of sentir.
siquiera, at least; though;
scarcely ; even.
sirva, pres. subj. of servir.
sirven, pres. ind. of servir.
sistema, m., system. [round.
sitiar, to besiege, lay siege ; sur-
sitio, m., site, spot, place; siege,
state of siege.
situacion, /., situation, condi-
tion, state.
| so!, interj., whoa!, stop! (to
horses).
sobrado, -a, having plenty, rich.
sobrar, to be more than enough,
have an abundance, have over
and above, have more than
necessary.
sobre, prep., on, upon, over,
above; in addition to;
todo, above all.
SObre, n. m., superscription, ad-
dress; envelope.
sobrenatural, supernatural.
sobresalir, to exceed, excel,
overtop, come above, tower
above.
sobrevivir, to survive.
sobrina, /., niece.
sobrino, m., nephew; //., neph-
ews, nephew and niece, neph-
ews and nieces.
164
VOCABULARY
social, social.
sociedad, /., society, communi-
ty, people, nation.
socio, ///., partner, associate, col-
league.
socorrer, to succor, aid, help, as-
sist.
socorro, m., succor, assistance,
help.
sofocar, to choke, suffocate,
smother ; oppress, harass ; pro-
voke.
sol, m., sun, sunshine.
solamente, solely, only, merely,,
soldado, m., soldier.
soledad, /., solitude, loneliness.
solemne, solemn, impressive,
imposing.
soler, to be wont, be accustomed.
s61ido, -a, solid, strong.
solitario, -a, solitary, lonely.
solo, -a, sole, alone, only; lone-
ty-
SOlo, adv., solely, only.
soltar, to untie, loosen ; cast off,
let go, let fall, drop, let down ;
se, to get loose, come off,
lose restraint, rush ; una
carcajada, to burst out into
laughter.
soltura, /., looseness, laxity;
freedom, ease.
sombra, /., shade, shadow.
sombrero, m,, hat.
sonar, to sound ; ring.
sonido, m., sound.
sonoro, -a, sonorous, harmoni-
ous.
sonreir, to smile.
sonrisa, /., smile.
sopa, _/"., soup.
sopera, /., soup-tureen.
soplo, /., blowing, blast, gust,
puff, breath.
sordera, /., deafness.
sordo, -a, deaf.
sorprender, to surprise, astonish,
take by surprise.
sorpresa, /., surprise, amaze-
ment, astonishment, conster-
nation.
sorteo, m., casting of lots, draw-
ing; drafting.
sosegado, -a, quiet, tranquil, at
ease.
soso, -a, insipid, vapid, silly ;
cold ; dull, inane.
sospecha,/., suspicion.
sospechar, to suspect, mistrust.
sostener, to sustain, support,
maintain, uphold.
sostenido, -a, sustained, steady.
sostuvieron, pret. of sostener.
sot (Fr.), fool, blockhead, idiot.
Soto, prop. n.
soy, ist per. pres. ind. of ser.
statu quo (Lot., lit. in the state in
which), inactivity, standstill,
inertia.
SU, sus (apocopated form ofsvcyQ,
suya, suyos, suyas, and used
before the .), his, her, its, one's,
their, your.
suave, smooth, soft, mellow,
gentle.
suavemente, softly, gently.
subalterno, -a, subaltern, sub-
ordinate, inferior.
subdividir, to subdivide.
subida, /., ascension, going up ;
ascent, rise ; place where one
begins to rise; a la de la
escalera, at the foot of the
stairs.
subido, a, high, strong, striking.
subir, to come up, go up, ascend,
climb.
subordinado, -a, subordinate,
subservient; adherent.
subsistencia, /., subsistence,
competence, livelihood.
subsistir, to subsist, live.
substraer, to subtract, remove;
se, to withdraw, remove;
shun.
VOCABULARY
subversive, -a, subversive, de-
structive.
suceder, to succeed, follow ; hap-
pen.
suculento, -a, succulent, juicy,
nourishing.
suela, /., sole; sole-leather; de
siete s, see siete.
suele, pres. ind. of soler.
suelo, m., soil ; ground ; floor.
suelto, -a, (from soltar), loose,
lax, free.
suena, pres. ind. of sonar.
sueno, m., sleep; dream; tener,
, to be sleepy.
suerte,/., fate, luck ; hazard, lot;
es una , it is fortunate, it is
lucky.
suficiente, sufficient, enough ; lo
, enough.
sufragio, m., suffrage, interces-
sory act of worship.
Bufrir, to suffer, endure ; bear,
support ; sustain, undergo.
sujeto, /./. of sujetar.
SUJeto, m., subject, person, indi-
vidual.
suma,y., sum, amount.
sumision, /., submission, sub-
jection.
superficie,/., surface.
superior, superior, higher.
superioridad, /., superiority,
pre-eminence.
supersticioso, -a, superstitious.
siiplica , f., request, entreaty, sup-
plication.
suplicar, to supplicate, request,
entreat, implore. [stitute.
suplir, to supply ; supplant, sub-
suponer, to suppose, assume,
surmise.
supremo, -a (irreg. super, of
alto), supreme, highest.
supuesto, /./. of suponer.
sur, m., south.
surcar, tofurrow, plow ; (of tears)
trickle down, flow down.
suspender, to suspend, postpone ;
discontinue, stop.
suspirar, to sigh.
suspiro, m., sigh.
susto, m., fright, shock, scare.
suyo, -a, -os, -as, his, hers, its,
one's, theirs, yours ; el , la
a, los os, las as, his,
hers, theirs, its, yours, his own,
her own, etc. ; hacer de las ,
see hacer.
tabla, /., board.
tal, such, such a, such a thing,
said; con que, provided;
vez, perhaps ; qu6 ?,
how is it ?, what do you think ?,
how do you like ?, what do you
suppose?
talante, m., manner; mien, ap-
pearance ; will, disposition,
humor; de mal , in a bad
mood, in an ugly frame of
mind,
talento, m., talent, intelligence,
cleverness.
tali6n, m., talion, retaliation,
talludo, -a, oldish, elderly,
tambien, also, too.
tampoco, not either, neither;
either.
tan, so, as, such, such a; tan . . .
como, as ... as, as much of a
... as.
tanto, -a, so much, as much;
pi., so many, as many ; un ,
somewhat, a little,
tanto, adv., so much, as much,
tapa, /., lid, cover,
tarde, late; ., /., afternoon,
early evening ; caida de la ,
see caida.
tardo, -a, tardy, slow, dull,
tarjeta, /., card,
taza, /., cup.
te, thee, to thee ; you, to you.
i66
VOCABULARY
techo, m., roof, ceiling.
tela, /., fabric, stuff, cloth.
telar, m., loom.
Tele"maco, prop. ., Telemachus.
temblar, to tremble, shake,
shudder.
tembloroso, -a, tremulous,
trembling, shuddering, shak-
ing.
temer, to fear, apprehend, dread ;
be afraid; se, to fear.
temeridad, /., temerity, bold-
ness, rashness.
templar, to temper; mix; pre-
pare, dispose, fashion; tune.
temple, m., temper.
templo, m., temple, church.
temprano, -a, early ; adv., early,
soon.
tendencia, /., tendency, trend.
tendremos, fut. ind. of tener.
tener, to have, hold; keep;
a, to consider, regard as;
lugar, to take place ; puesto,
to have on; por, to have
as, regard as ; que, to have
to; presente, to bear in
mind; se, to stop; de
costumbre, to. be in the habit
of, be accustomed to ; la
lengua larga, see lengua; -
sed, to be thirsty ; sueno,
to be sleepy ; raz6n, to be
right; frio, to be cold;
hambre, to be hungry ; -
frita la sangre, see frito; no
un si ni un no con (alguno),
not to have any dispute (or
dealings) with (some one) ; no
atadero, to have no sense;
lo que tiene que or lo que
tiene es que, the trouble is
that, the difficulty is that.
tenga, pres. subj. of tener.
tengo, pres. ind. of tener.
teniente, #/., lieutenant,
tentar, to touch, feel.
teo!6gico, -a, theological.
tergiversar, to tergiversate, al-
ter, twist.
terminante, ending, closing;
clear, definite, conclusive.
terminar, to end, bring to an
end, finish, close.
terreno, m., land, ground, tract
of land.
terrestre, earthly.
terrible, terrible, awful, fero-
cious, dreadful.
terror, m., terror, dread.
terso,-a, terse, smooth, polished.-
tertulia, /"., evening party, mu-
sicale, conversazione, social
gathering; coterie.
testero, m., front, head, main
side.
testigO, m. &*f., witness.
testiguito, m., dim. of testigo.
ti, thee, you.
tia, _/., aunt; elderly woman;
no hay tu , there is no help
for it, it cannot be avoided.
tiempo, m., time ; era, epoch ;
weather; a , in time, oppor-
tunely.
tienda,/., tent.
tiene, pres. ind. of tener.
Tiene, prop. n.
tierra, /., earth ; land, ground,
soil.
tijera, f. (usually in //.), scis-
sors ; de , a seat, cot, etc.
whose frame is in the form of
an X and can be folded or
closed.
tinaja,/., earthen jar (forwater).
tintero, /., inkstand.
tlo, m., uncle.
tiple, m., treble, soprano.
tipo, ;., type.
tirania, /., tyranny, despotism,
oppression.
tiranico, -a, tyrannical.
tirano, m., tyrant.
tirar, to throw, cast, fling, throw
away; pull, draw; shoot, fire.
VOCABULARY
i6 7
tiro, m., shot.
titulo, m., title; certificate; per-
son with a title.
tocar, to touch, lay hands on;
correspond, fall to ; (of an in-
strument) to play it ; (of a bell)
to ring it; ., playing.
todavfa, yet, still, however.
todo, -a, adj., all, every; adv.,
wholly, entirely, altogether;
., whole; de un or del ,
wholly, entirely, altogether;
sobre , above all.
tolerar, to tolerate, bear, forbear,
jtoma! well, why. [surfer.
tomar, to take, take up, take hold
of, seize, grasp ; accept ; eat or
drink; las de Villadiego,
to run off, flee; el fresco,
to take, have or enjoy the cool
open air ; el camino de, to
start for or towards.
tomate, m., tomato.
tonterla,/"., foolishness, stupidi-
ty; nonsense.
ionto, -a, foolish, dull, stupid.
torcer, to twist, twine, crook,
turn.
tormento, m., torment, trial, tor-
ture, suffering.
tornar, to turn, return, get back ;
(before an infinitive) again;
torn6 a preguntar, he asked
again.
tornasol, m., changeable color,
iridescent color.
torpe, torpid; dull, slow, stupid.
tone,/., tower.
torreon, m., aug. of torre, large
tower for the purposes of de-
fense ; palomar, large tower
used as pigeon house.
t6rtola,/., turtle-dove.
tortuga,/., turtle; tortoise.
tosco, -a, rough, coarse.
totalmente, totally, completely.
trabajar, to work, labor, toil,
strive, make efforts.
trabajo, m., work, labor, toil.
trabucar, to confuse, mix up,
say or use one thing for an-
other.
tradici6n, /., tradition.
traducir, to translate.
traer, to bring, fetch ; wear.
tragala, m., traga (tm-per.o/tra-
gar) + la (from the -words
"Tragala tii, servilon" -with
which the refrain began) song
with which the Spanish liber-
als used to taunt the absolu-
tists; cantarle a uno el ,
see cantar.
tragalista, m., a liberal (so called
because he sang the tragala,
q. v.).
tragar, to swallow, devour, eat
up.
tragirridiculo, -a, tragi-comical.
traje, m., dress, clothes, suit of
clothes, garb, costume, uni-
form.
tranquilamente, quietly, tran-
quilly, calmly.
tranquilidad,/., calmness, tran-
quility, placidity.
tranquilizar, to tranquilize, ap-
pease, calm, reassure.
tranquilo, -a, tranquil, calm,
placid, quiet.
transcurrir, to elapse, pass away.
transformaci6n, /., transforma-
tion, change.
transf ormar, to transform, trans-
mute, alter; se, to change,
be transformed.
transitorio, -a, transitory, tran-
sient.
tras, after, behind, besides ;
que, besides, in addition to, in
spite of.
trascendental,trascendental, far-
reaching, highly important.
trastorno, m., overthrow, upset-
ting ; disturbance, disorder.
tratar, to treat, deal; to call;
1 68
VOCABULARY
de, to try, endeavor; se
con, to have social intercourse
with ; se trata de, it is a ques-
tion of, we are after, we are
seeking to.
trato, m., treatment ; intercourse ;
manners, address.
trave"s, m., traverse; inclination,
bias ; al , across, athwart,
through
travesura,/., prank, caper, antic,
mischief, bad trick.
traza,/., appearance, looks.
trazar, to trace, mark out ; draw,
sketch, outline.
tremebundo,-a, dreadful, fright-
ful, terrible.
tremendo, -a, tremendous, stu-
pendous, huge.
trepar, to climb, clamber,
mount ; to creep.
tres, three.
triangular, triangular ; three-
cornered.
tribunal, m,, tribunal, court.
tributar, to render, pay, give.
tributario, -a, tributary.
trigo, m., wheat.
trino, m., trill, trilling, chirp.
trio, m., trio.
triste, sad, gloomy, sorry, sor-
rowful, melancholy; sombre,
dismal, dull.
tristemente, sadly, sorrowfully,
mournfully.
trivial, trivial, insignificant.
trocar, to exchange, barter;
trompa, /., horn. [change.
trono, m., throne.
tropa, /., troop, soldiery; ser
de , to be a soldier, be in
the army.
tropel, m., rush ; jumble, crowd;
en , tumultuously, in a
throng.
Troya, prop. ., Troy.
trozo, #*., piece, fragment; por-
tion ; extract, selection.
trueno, m., thunder, thunder
clap.
tii, thou, you.
tu, tus (apocopated form of tuyo,
tuyos), thy, your,
tumbar, to tumble, throw down,
overthrow; patas arriba,
to turn or throw upside down,
tunante, m., rascal, rogue,
turba, /., crowd, rabble,
turbante, m., turban,
turbio, -a, turbid, muddy,
tuviesen, imp. subj. of tener.
tuvo, pret. of tener.
ufano, -a, proud, haughty, con-
ceited.
ulterior, ulterior, farther, be-
yond.
ultimatum (Lot.), m., last word,
final proposition, last offer of
terms.
ultimo, -a, ultimate, last, final;
por , finally, lastly.
un, -a, a, an, one; unos, as,
some, a few.
ungiiento, m., ointment.
unico, -a, unique; only, sole,
single.
unidad, /., unity, unification.
unido, -a, united, joined, closely
connected.
uniforme, m., uniform.
unir, to unite, join, get together,
combine; se, to join.
universal, universal, general.
uno, -a, one.
unos, -as, see un.
untar, to anoint ; smear.
una, /., finger-nail ; toe-nail.
usado, -a, used, worn out, old.
usar, to use; wear.
usia, m. & /. (contr. of vuestra
senoria), your lordship, your
ladyship.
VOCABULARY
169
usted, you; ustedes, you.
usual, usual, customary.
V. E., abbr. of Vuestra Exce-
lencia, Your Excellency.
va, vamos, van, pres. ind. of ir.
vacilar, to vacillate, hesitate,
waver.
vacio, -a, empty. [linger.
vagar, to rove, roam; wander;
valer, to be worth, foot up; pro-
tect; defend; be valid; se,
to employ, avail oneself;
la pena, to be worth while;
jvalgame Dios!, may God
help me!, heavens!
yalga, pres. subj. of valer. ^-
valiente, valiant, brave, COUP
ageous, strong.
valor, m., valor, courage, forti-
tude, bravery ; value, worth.
Valverde, prop. n.
vamos, interj. {from ir), come.
vandeano, -a, vandean, belong-
ing to or native of Vendee.
vanidad, /., vanity, conceit.
vano, -a, vain ; en , in vain.
vapor, m., vapor, steam ; steam-
er; a todo , at full steam, at
full speed.
variante, /., variant, difference,
change, alteration.
vario, -a, various, different;
03, as, several.
var6n, m., male, man.
varonil, manly, masculine.
vaso, m., vase, vessel; glass,
tumbler.
vdstago, m., bud, shoot.
vasto, -a, vast, extensive.
vate, m., bard, poet; seer,
prophet.
vaya, pres. subj. of ir; interj.,
pshaw ; j por Dios ! , let it be
for God's sake!, let God's will
be done I
Vd., abbr. of usted, you.
Yds., abbr. of pi. of usted.
v6, imper. of ir.
vecino, -a, neighboring, adjoin-
ing; ., neighbor; resident,
lodger, dweller, inhabitant.
vega,/., open plain, meadow.
veinte, twenty.
vejestorio, /., old person, old
thing, antique.
vejez, /., old age, decrepitude,
decay.
vela,/., sail.
Velisla, prop. n.
velo, m., veil; curtain.
vel6n, m., a brass lamp.
veloz, swift, rapid;
/veneer, to- "vanquish, conquer,
subdue, master, put down;
beat, surpass, excel.
vender, to sell; give away, be-
tray.
venerable, venerable.
veneracidn, /., veneration, rev-
erence.
venerar, to venerate, revere,
worship.
venga, pres . subj. of venir.
venia,/., leave, permission.
venir, to come ; fit ; de molde,
to fit in exactly, be suited;
bien, to fit, suit, be suitable ;
de perlas, to be quite fit-
ting, suit exactly.
ventaja,/., advantage.
ventana,/., window.
ver, to see; al , on seeing;
se, to see oneself, find one-
self; a , let me see; ya se
ve, it is clear, it is evident.
veracidad, /., veracity, truthful-
ness.
verano, m. t summer.
verdad,/"., verity, reality, truth,
truthfulness ; es , it is true.
verdadero, -a, veritable, true,
real; truthful.
verde, green.
170
VOCABULARY
veridico, -a, truthful.
Verjel, m., (used as prop. n. in
p. 38, line 8) Garden, Park.
verso, m., verse.
vestigio, m., vestige, trace.
vestir, to clothe, dress, put on,
wear; se, to dress, put on;
de, to dress in. [cient.
Vetusto, -a, very old, very an-
vez, time, occasion ; turn ; a su
, in its, her or his turn; tal
, perhaps, it may be; a ve-
ces, at times; en de, in-
stead of; de en cuando,
from time to time; otra ,
again ; toda que, provided,
since ; una , once ; dos veces,
twice.
via,/., way.
vicisitud, /., vicissitude.
victima, /, victim. [ tor y-
Victoria, prop, n., Victoria, Vic-
vida, /, lif e. [old woman.
viejo, -a, old ; ./., oldman;./,
viene, pres. ind. 0/venir.
viento, m., wind, air ; fresco,
high or strong wind ; con
fresco, fast, rapidly.
viesen, imp. subj. ofver.
viga, /, beam, rafter.
vigilar, to watch, watch over,
keep guard.
vigoroso, -a, vigorous.
viguita, /, dim. of viga.
vil, vile.
villa, f., town.
Villadiego, prop. n. ; tomar las
de , see tomar.
vinagre, m., vinegar.
vino, pret. of venir.
viSa, /., vineyard.
violento, -a, violent, impetuous;
abrupt; unnatural; forced.
virgen, adj., pure, spotless, guile-
less, undented; n. f., virgin,
maiden.
virtud, /., virtue, goodness.
visera, /., visor.
visible, visible.
visi6n, /., vision.
vista,/., sight, view, eyes; en
de, in view of; en de que,
in view of the fact that ; de ,
by sight.
viste, pres. ind. 6 imper. of
vestir; pret. /~ver.
visti6, pret. of vestir.
visto, p.p. of ver; por lo ,
evidently; poco , seldom
seen, rare.
vitalicio, -a, lasting for life,
during, life; n. m., annuity,
life-pension, allowance.
viuda, /., widow, bereaved.
j viva!, long live!, hail!, hurrah
for.
vivamente, vividly, keenly, fer-
vently.
viveres, m. pi., provisions, eat-
ables, food.
viveza, /., liveliness, sprightli-
ness, brightness.
vivificar, to vivify, revive, en-
liven, gladden.
vivir, to live ; dwell.
vivo, -a, alive, lively, keen,
vivid, bright, intense, ani-
mated.
vizconde, m., viscount.
vocecita, /. (dim. of voz), thin
or shrill voice (as that of a
child); also a soft voice.
voix, f. (Fr.), voice.
volar, to fly ; vanish, disappear.
voluntad, /., will, willingness.
volver, to turn, return, go back,
come back; (followed by an
infinitive) again, as in vol-
veremos a hallar, we shall
find again.
VOV, ist per. pres. ind. of ir.
voz, f., voice, word; en alta ,
en recia , a voces, aloud, in
a loud voice, shouting; a una
, at the same time ; echar la
^ , see echar.
VOCABULARY
vuecencia (contr. of vuestra exce-
lencia), your excellency.
vuelo, m., flight.
vuelta, /., turn, turning, revo-
lution ; return ; dar una , to
walk around, take a walk.
vuelto, -a, /./. 0/volver.
vuelve, fres. ind. of volver.
vuestro, -a, -os, -as, your; el
, la a, los os, las as,
yours.
vulgar, vulgar, common, low.
vulgo, m. t multitude, general
public, people in general.
y, and.
ya, already, now, indeed ; no ,
or no, no longer, not only ;
ya . . . ya, now . . . now;
se ve, it is clear, it is evident ;
j ya !, oh, yes!, I see, I under-
stand.
yacer, to lie.
yankee or yanki, Yankee.
yelmo, m., helmet.
yerbabuena, /., mint.
yerra, pres. ind. of errar.
yerro, ///., error, fault, blunder.
yo, I.
yugo, /., yoke.
zafar, to disengage, disembar-
rass, free; se, to become
free, get loose.
zang6n, -na (more commonly
zangarull6n), ., big, lazy and
helpless child.
zangoncito, -a, dim. of zang6n.
zanja, /., ditch, trench.
zapa, _/"., shagreen.
zoquete, m., block; blockhead,
numskull, dolt.
fceatb's flDo&ern Xanouage Series
SPANISH AND ITALIAN
Alarc6n's El Capitan Veneno (Ford). Vocabulary.
Alarcon's Novelas Cortas Escogidas (Remy). Vocabulary.
Asensi's Victoria y otros Cuentos (Ingraham). Vocabulary.
A Trip to South America (Waxman ) .
Bransby's Spanish Reader.
Caballero's Un Servilon y un Liberalito (Bransby). Vocabulary.
Cervantes's Don Quijote (Ford). Selections. Vocabulary.
Cuentos Castellanos (Carter and M alloy). Vocabulary .
Cuentos Modernos (DeHaan and Morrison). Vocabulary.
Echegaray's O Locura 6 Santidad (Geddes and Josselyn).
Ford's Exercises in Spanish Composition.
Galdos's Marianela (Geddes and Josselyn). Vocabulary.
Gutierrez's El Trovador (Vaughan). Vocabulary.
Hills and Ford's First Spanish Course.
Hills and Ford's Spanish Grammar.
Ingraham-Edgren Spanish Grammar.
Introduction a la Lengua Castellana (Marion and des Garennes).
Lecturas Modernas (Downer and Ellas). Vocabulary.
Matzke's Spanish Reader.
Nelson's The Spanish-American Reader.
Nunez de Arce's El Haz de Lena (Schevill).
Padre Isla's Lesage's Gil Bias (Geddes and Josselyn). Vocabulary.
Quinteros's Dona Clarines and Manana de Sol (Morley). Vocab.
Remy's Spanish Composition.
Spanish Anecdotes (Giese). Vocabulary.
Spanish Commercial Correspondence (Whittemand Andrade).
Spanish Short Stories (Hills and Reinhardt). Vocabulary.
Spanish Verb Blanks (Spiers).
Taboada's Cuentos Alegres (Potter). Vocabulary.
Tamayo's Lo Positive (Harry and De Salvio). Vocabulary.
Valdes's Capitan Ribot (Morrison and Churchman). Vocabulary.
Valdes's Jose (Davidson). Vocabulary.
Valera's Pepita Jimenez (Lincoln). Vocabulary.
Ybarra's Practical Method in Spanish.
Bowen's Italian Reader.
Dante's Divina Commedia (Grandgent).
Fogazziro's Pereat Rochus (De Salvio). Vocabulary.
Goldoni's II vero Amico (Geddes and Josselyn). Vocabulary.
Goldoni's La Locandiera (Geddes and Josselyn). Vocabulary.
Goldoni's On curioso Accidente (Ford).
Grandgent's Italian Composition.
Grandgent's Italian Grammar.
Italian Short Stories (Wilkins and Altrocchi). Vocabulary.
Manzoni's I pro-nessi sposi (Geddes and Wilkins). Vocabulary.
f>eatb's flDofcern Xanaua<$e Series
FRENCH GRAMMARS, READERS, ETC.
Annand's Grammaire Elementaire.
Blanchaud's Progressive French Idioms.
Bouvet's Exercises in French Syntax and Composition.
Bowen's First Scientific French Reader.
Bruce's Dictees Francaises.
Bruce's Grammaire Francaise.
Bruce's Lectures Faciles.
Capus's Pour Charmer nos Petits.
Chapuzet and Daniels' Mes Premiers Pas en Francais.
Clarke's Subjunctive Mood. An inductive treatise, with ezercisea.
Comfort's Exercises in French Prose Composition.
Davies's Elementary Scientific French Reader.
Edgren's Compendious French Grammar.
Fontaine's En France.
Fontaine's Lectures Courantes.
Fontaine's Livre de Lecture et de Conversation.
Eraser and Squair's Abridged French Grammar.
Eraser and Squair's Complete French Grammar.
Eraser and Squair's Shorter French Course.
French Verb Blank (Fraser and Squair).
Grandgent's Essentials of French Grammar.
Grandgent's French Composition.
Grandgent's Short French Grammar.
Heath's French Dictionary.
Benin's Methode.
Hotchkiss's Le Premier Livre de Francais.
Knowles and Favard's Grammaire de la Conversation.
Mansion's Exercises in French Composition.
Mansion's First Year French. For young beginners.
Martin's Essentials of French Pronunciation.
Martin and Russell's At West Point.
Meras' Le Petit Vocabulaire.
Pattern's Causeries en France.
Pellissier's Idiomatic French Composition.
Perfect French Possible (Knowles and Favard).
Prisoners of the Temple (Guerber). For French composition.
Roux's Lessons in Grammar and Composition, based on Colombo.
Schenck's French Verb Forms.
Snow and Lebon's Easy French.
Story of Cupid and Psyche (Guerber). For French composition.
Suner's Preoaratorv French Reader.
fceatb's flDo&ern Xanouage Series
ELEMENTARY FRENCH TEXTS.
Assolant's Rgcits de la Vieille France. Notes by E. B. Wauton.
Berthet's Le Pacte de Famine (Dickinson).
Bruno's Les Enfants Patriotes (Lyon). Vocabulary.
Bruno's Tour de la France par deux Enfants (Fontaine). Vocabulary.'
Claretie's Pierrille (Frangois). Vocab. and exs.
Daudet's Trois Contes Choisis (Sanderson). Vocabulary.
Desnoyers' Jean-Paul Choppart (Fontaine). Vocab. and exs.
Enault's Le Chi en du Capita ine (Fontaine). Vocabulary.
Erckmann-Chatrian's Le Consent de 1813 (Super). Vocabulary.
Erckmann-Chatrian's L'Histoire d'un Paysan (Lyon).
Erckmann-Chatrian's Le Juif Polonais (Manley). Vocabulary.
Erckmann-Chatrian's Madame Therese (Manley). Vocabulary.
Fabliaux et Contes du Moyen Age (Mansion). Vocabulary.
France's Abe ill e (Lebon).
French Fairy Tales (Joynes). Vocabulary and exercises.
French Plays for Children (Spink). Vocabulary.
Gervais's Un Cas de Conscience (Horsley). Vocabulary.
La Bedolliere's La Mere Michel et son Chat (Lyon). Vocabulary.
Labiche's La Grammaire (Levi). Vocabulary.
Labiche's La Poudre aux Yeux (Wells). Vocabulary.
Labiche's Le Voyage de M. Perrichon (Wells). Vocab. and exs.
Laboulaye's Contes Bleus (Fontaine). Vocabulary.
La Main Malheureuse (Guerber). Vocabulary.
Laurie : s Memoires d'un Collegien (Super). Vocab. and exs.
Legouve and Labiche's Cigale chez les Fourmis (Witherby).
Lemaitre, Contes (Rensch). Vocabulary.
Mattel's La Tache du Petit Pierre (Super). Vocab. and exs.
Maistre's La Jeune Siberienne (Fontaine). Vocab. and exs.
Malot's Sans Famille (Spiers). Vocabulary and exercises.
Meilhac and Halevy's L'Ete de la St. Martin (Francois) Vocab.
Moinaux's Les deux Sourds (Spiers). Vocabulary.
Muller's Grandes Decouvertes Modernes. Vocabulary.
Recits de Guerre et de Revolution (Minssen). Vocabulary.
Recits Historiques (Moffett). Vocabulary and exercises.
Saintine's Picciola (Super). Vocabulary.
Segur's Les Malheurs de Sophie (White). Vocab. and exs.
Selections for Sight Translation (Bruce).
Verne's L'Expedition de la Jeune-Hardie (Lyon) . Vocabulary.
fceatb's /IDctoern Xanguaoe Series
INTERMEDIATE FRENCH TEXTS. (Partial List.)
A'oout's La Mere de la Marquise (Brush). Vocabulary.
At>out's Le Roi des Montagnes (Logic).
Baizac: Cinq Scenes de la Comedie Humaine (Wells). Glossary.
Baizac's Eugenie Grande t (Spiers). Vocabulary.
Balzac's Le Cure de Tours (Super). Vocabulary.
Chateaubriand's Atala (Kuhns). Vocabulary.
Contes des Romanciers Naturalistes (Dow and Skinner). Vocab.
Daudet's La Belle-Nivernaise (Boielle). Vocabulary.
jjaudet's Le Petit Chose (Super). Vocabulary,
faudet's Tartarin de Tarascon (Hawkins). Vocabulary,
pumas's Due de Beaufort (Kitchen). Vocabulary.
Uumas's La Question d' Argent (Kenning). Vocabulary,
tmmas's La Tulipe Noire (Fontaine).
ljumas's Les Trois Mousquetaires (Spiers). Vocabulary.
L>nmas's Monte-Cristo (Spiers). Vocabulary.
fc-euiilet's Roman d'un jeune homme pauvre (Bruner). Vocabulary,
Gautier's Voyage en Espagne (Steel),
torevllle's Dosia (Hamilton). Vocabulary.
Hugo's Bug Jargal (Boielle).
Hugo's La Chute. From Les Miserable* (Huss). Vocabulary.
Hugo's Quatre-vingt-treize (Fontaine). Vocabulary.
Labiche's La Cagnotte (Farnsworth).
i>a Brete's Mon Oncle et mon Cure (Colin). Vocabulary.
Idunartine's Graziella (Warren).
Lamar tine's Jeanne d'Arc (Barrere). Vocabulary.
Vamartine's Scenes de la Revolution Francaise (Super). Vocab.
JLesage's Gil Bias (Sanderson).
Maupassant: Huit Contes Choisis (White). Vocabulary.
Michelet: Extraits del'histoire de France (Wright).
Mussel: Trois Comedies (McKcnzic).
Sarcey's Le Siege de Paris (Spiers). Vocabulary.
Taine's L'Ancien Regime (Giese). Vocabulary.
Theuriet's Bigarreau (Fontaine). Vocab. and exercises.
Tocqueville's Voyage en Amerique (Ford). Vocabulary.
Vigny's Cinq-Mars (Sankey). Abridged.
Vigny's Le Cachet Rouge (Fortier).
Vigny's La Canne de Jonc (Spiers).
Voltaire's Zadig (Babbitt). Vocabulary .
t>eatb's /IDofcern Xancuaae Series
mTERMEDIATE FRENCH TEXTS. (Partial List.)
Augier's Le Gendre de M. Poirier (Wells). Vocabulary.
Bazin'sLes OberlS (Spiers). Vocabulary.
Beaumarchais's Le Barbier de Seville (Spiers). Vocabulary.
French Lyrics (Bowen).
"Jautier's Jettatura (Schinz).
Hal6vy's L'Abbe Constantin (Logic). Vocabulary.
Halevy's Un Mariage d' Amour (Hawkins). Vocabulary.
Historiettes Modernes (Fontaine).
La France qui travaille (Jago). Vocabulary.
Lectures Historiques (Moffett). Vocabulary.
Loti's Le Roman d'un Enfant. (Whittem). Vocabulary.
Loti's Pecheur d'Islande (Super). Vocabulary.
Loti's Ramuntcho (Fontaine).
Marivaux's Le Jeu del 'amour et du hasard (Fortier). Vocab.
Merimee's Chronique du Regne de Charles IX (Desages).
Merimee's Colomba (Fontaine). Vocabulary.
Moliere en Recits (Chapuzet and Daniels). Vocabulary.
Moliere's L'Avare (Levi).
Moliere's Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme (Warren) . Vocabulary.
Moliere's Le Medecin Malgre Lui (Hawkins). Vocabulary.
Pailleron's Le Monde ou 1'on s'ennuie (Pendleton). Vocabulary.
Poemes et Chants de France (Daniels and Travers). Vocabulary,
Racine's Andromaque (Wells). Vocabulary.
Racine's Athalie (Eggert).
Racine's Esther (Spiers) . Vocabulary.
Renan's Souvenirs d'Enfance et de Jeunesse (Babbitt).
Sand's La Mare au Diable (Sumichrast). Vocabulary.
Sand's La Petite Faderte (Super). Vocabulary.
Sandeau's Mile de la Seigliere (Warren). Vocabulary.
Sardou's Les Pattes de Mouche (Farnsworth). Vocabulary.
Scribe's Bataille de Dames (Wells). Vocabulary.
Scribe's Le Verre i'Eau (Eggert). Vocabulary.
Sept Grands Auteurs du XIXe Siecle (Fortier). Lectures.
Souvestre's Un Philosophe sous les Toits (Fraser). Vocabulary.
Thiers's Expedition de Bonaparte en Egypte (Fabregou).
Verne's Tour du Monde en quatre-vingts jours (Edgren). Vocab.
Verne's Vingt mille lieues sous les mers (Fontaine). Vocab.
Zola's La Debacle (Wells). Abridged.
Deatb's flDofcern Xanouage Series
ADVANCED FRENCH TEXTS.
Balzac's Le P6re Goriot (Sanderson).
Boileau: Selections (Kuhns).
Bornier's La Fille de Roland (Nelson).
Bossuet: Selections (Warren).
Calvin: Pages Choisies (Jordan).
Corneille's Cinna (Matzke).
Corneille's Horace (Matzke).
Corneille's Le Cid (Warren ) . Vocabulary.
Corneille's Polyeucte (Fortier).
Delpit's L'Age d'Or de la Litterature Francaise.
Diderot: Selections (Giese).
Duval's Histoire de la Litterature Francaise.
French Prose of the XVHth Century (Warren).
Hugo's Hernani (Matzke).
Hugo's Les Miserables (Super). Abridged.
Hugo's Les Travailleurs de la Met (Langley). Abridged.
Hugo's Poems (Schinz).
Hugo's Ruy Bias (Garner).
La Bruyere: Les Caracteres (Warren).
Lamartine's Meditations (Curme).
La Triade Francaise. Poems of Lamartime, Musset, and Hugo.
Lesage's Turcaret (Kerr).
Maitres de la Critique lit. au XIXe Siecle (Comfort).
Moliere's Le Misanthrope (Fortier).
Moliere's Les Femmes Savantes (Fortier).
Moliere's Les Fourberies de Scapin (McKenzie). Vocabulary.
Moliere's Les Precieuses Ridicules (Toy).
Moliere's Le Tartuffe (Wright).
Montaigne: Selections (Wright).
Pascal: Selections (Warren).
Racine's Les Plaideurs (Wright).
Racine's Phedre (Babbitt).
Rostand's La Princesse Lointaine (Borgerhoff).
Voltaire's Prose (Cohn and Woodward).
Voltaire's Zaire (Cabeen).
ROMANCE PHILOLOGY.
Introduction to Vulgar Latin (Grandgent).
Provencal Phonology and Morphology (Grandgent).
This book is DUE on the last date stamped below
APR 7 1933
H1937
MAR 2 9 1958
DEC 1 3 1961
Form L-9-10m-5,'28
A ono ''''''" "I il
IALIFORNIA,
v,
CALIF.