Illustrated History of the Civil War. FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS OF THE CONFLICT BETWEEN THE STATES GRAPHICALLY PICTURED. STIRRING BATTLE SCENES AND GRAND NAVAL ENGAGEMENTS, DRAWN BY SPECIAL ARTISTS ON THE SPOT. PORTRAITS OF PRINCIPAL PARTICIPANTS, MILITARY AND CIVIL; FAMOUS FORTS: PATHETIC EPISODES, ETC.. ETC THE WHOLE FORMING AN AUTHENTIC PICTORIAL HISTORY OF THE WAR, BY SUCH WELL-KNOWN ARTISTS AS BECKER. CRANE, BEARD, SCHELL, LUMLEY, FORBES, NEVILL, DAVIS, SIMONS, OSBORN, WILCOX, WEAVER, BOSSE, NEWTON, RAWSON, RUSSELL, SARTORIOUS, CHAMBERLAIN, AND OTHERS. A CONCISE HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR, BEING OFFICIAL DATA SECURED FROM THE WAR RECORDS. EDITED BY LOUIS SHEPHEARD MOAT. WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY JOSEPH B. CARR, MAJOR-GENERAL. i ^ MRS. ERANK LESLIE, PUBLISHER, NEW YORK. 7 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-five, by MRS. FRANK LESLIK. in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, R ( . INTRODUCTION. A GENERATION has passed away since the last battle of the Civil War was fought, and since the victorious armies of the Union passed in review, on the 22d and 23d of May, 1865, before the President of the United States in the City of Washington. Upward of one million of men were on the rolls of the army when the work of mustering out officers and men began on the ist of June, 1865, and by the middle of November upward of 800,000 of this vast host had returned to the pursuits of peace. Altogether the whole number of men who had answered to their country s call during the war was 2,656,000. Out of this number 300,000 had sealed their patriotism with their blood. As long as this nation lasts the memory of these defenders of the Union will be one of its holiest treasures. "Your marches, said General Grant in his farewell address, "your sieges and battles, in distance, duration, resolution and orilliancy of results, dim the lustre of the world s past military achievements, and will be the patriot s precedents in defense of liberty and right in all time to come. 1 Many of those to whom these words were addressed have already passed away, but the new generation still remembers with pride some relative to whose stories of battle and of march it has often listened. B -t as these veterans become fewer the tales of their deeds become less vivid ; and it is to impress on trie rieW age ana to fix on posterity the memory of these heroes that this work is designed. Nothing recalls the past so forcibly as pictures of the scenes taken at the time and on the very spot. A picture, too, is impartial. It cannot represent the success of the victors without representing the heroism of their opponents. It does justice to all sides, like Decoration Day, whicji North and South alike keep holy, and strengthens the bonds of sympathy between all true citizens. This work will bt, a supplement to every written history, portraying as it does the striking incidents of battle, and giving the likenesses of the leaders whose names were on every lip in the days of strife. Here the veterans will find the past recalled, and here the young may gain inspiration to emulate their patriotism and devotion. V 850901 ll|c $m\< oldierr \\lio poik]l|t the Runlet IHTC IIJ BOQ-K IS bhik)lCATO. PREFACE. A S the years roll by, and the reverberating- echoes of the great Civil War that shook our country from one end to the other slowly die away in the distance, the pictures of the stirring scenes of 61 to 65, drawn in the very midst of the strife, become not only interesting and attractive to the eye, but highly important and valuable as real, authentic representa tions of the way in which the events actually took place that no word description could possibly give. To preserve in convenient and permanent form these valuable illustrations and to present to the public a grand pano rama ol the leading events of the war is the purpose of this book. The brave soldiers who, clad in the "Blue" or the " Gray," participated in the fierce struggles that marked the four years of war, will find here familiar scenes, and will be taken back, through the medium of excellent pictures, to the days they will never forget ; those who remained at home will be reminded, in looking over these pages, of the exciting eagerness with which the appearance of each number of Frank Leslie s publications, with their famous war pictures, was awaited, and how every piece of news and illustration from the seat of battle was anxiously scanned ; while those who were not born or were too young to remember now those stirring times will find much interest and instruction in studying the views of battles that became famous and have taken a prominent place in the nation s history. The pictures in this work have been reproduced from the original cuts made by Frank Leslie s corps of war artists. They were taken from his publications because of their assured authenticity. They were drawn and engraved directly from sketches made on the scene of battle by the most famous artists of the time, and can therefore be relied upon as absolutely accurate. They are really the most authentic war illustrations that have ever been published. The short, concise history of the war which appears at the end of this volume is intended to give the reader, in as few words as possible, a complete and accurate account of the great conflict from beginning to end ; describing, in entertaining language, the circumstances that led to the struggle, the important battles both on land and sea. the men who participated in them, and the causes that brought about the downfall of the Confederacy. This description, with the graphic illustrations, will, it is hoped, bring about a better knowledge and a more correct idea of the Civil War than any yet presented to the public. Neither trouble nor expense has been spared to make FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR per fectly reliable in every way. Editors of experience have gone over the whole work carefully and verified every date, so as to prevent the possibility of error. INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. A. A Confederate Treed Capture of Lii iitenaut It. J. Se gal, of the Confederate Army, near Full* Church. . 1(17 Admiral Dupout s Machine Shop, Station Creek, S. C. . 4G3 Advance of Federal Troops on Corinth 216, 217 Advance of General Rosocraus s Division through the Forests of Laurel Hill to Attack the Confederate Intrenchments at Rich Mountain 154 Advance of the Army of the Potomac Occupation of Winchester, Va., March 12th, 1862 2(58 Advance of the Federal Army under General McClellan toward Yorktowu. Va. , April 5th, 1H(!2 130 Advance of the Federal Troops near Howard s Bridge and Mill 205 Advance on Port Hudson. March 13th. 18(53 315 Advance upon Charleston, S. C. Entrance to the Stono River 34K Advance upon Charleston, S. C., March 28th, 1863 305 I Anglo-Confederate Steamer A nglia, Captured off Bull s Bay, S. C.. October 19th. 18(52 323 inuaudale Chapel. Va 35 : U-my Cookhouse on the Rappahannock, Falmouth, Va. 154 Army at Belmont, Mo., Opposite Columbus, Ky., No vember 7th, 1801 C,2 Army of General Fremont on its March up the Shenan- doah Valley Kid Army of the Cumberland Wilder s Mounted Infantry Passing a Blockhouse on the Nashville and Chat tanooga Railroad 37;) Army of the Potomac Recrossing the Kappahanuock from Fredericksburg to Falmouth, December 15th, 18G2 3M Arrny of the Potomac See ie at the Crossing of Kettle Kun .|r>7 Arrival and Departure of Federal Troops, on their Way to Washington, at the Union Volunteers Refresh ment Saloon. Philadelphia, Pa 77 Arrival of General McClellan. April 5th, 18(52, to Take Personal Command of the Federal Army ih its Ad vance on Yorktowu i:U Artillery Practice with the Dahlgreii Howitzer Boat Gun 2(i8 j Assault of the Second Louisiana Colored Regiment on the Confederate Works at Port Hudson, May 27th, 1863 440, 111 Attack on Enemy s Train by the Forty-eighth New York Volunteer Regiment 270 Attack upon the Batteries at the Entrance of Acquia Creek, Potomac Rivef , by the United States Vessels Pawnee, Yankee, Thomas Freeborn, Aiiacaatil and Resolute, June 1st, 1861 43 Attack upon the United States Sloop of War Semttwle, October loth, 1861 274 B. Bauks s Expedition : A Confederate Schooner Running into the United States Transport Cht-kiiing, off the Florida Reefs, on the Night of December llth, 1802 380 Burning of the State Capitol of Louisiana, Baton Rouge, December 30th, 1862 407 Hoisting the National Standard on the State Capitol at Baton Rouge, La., December 17th, 1863. . . . 476 Scene on the Hurricane Deck of the United States Transport North Star 330 Scene on the Levee, Baton Rouge, La 378 Battles : Autietam Bumside s Division Carrying the Bridge over the Antietam Creek, September 17th, 1862 266 Antietam Burnside s Division Brilliant and De cisive Bayonet Charge of Hawkins s Zouaves. . 293 Autietam The Centre and Right Wing of General McClellan s Army 316 Antietam The Opening of the Fight 295 Baker s Creek, May 16th, 1863 Defeat of the Con federates under Pemberton by General Grant 303 Bentonville, N. C., March 20th. 1865 431 Blue Ridge Pass, September 14th, 1862 The First Federal Victory in Maryland 332 Bull Run, Va., July 21st, 1861, between the Federal Army, commanded by Major General McDow ell, and the Confederate Army, under Generals Johnston and Beauregard 30, 56, 57 Carrick s Ford, July 13th, 1861 44 Carrick s Ford, W. Va. Discovery of the Body of General Garnett, after the Battle 247 Battles Continued : Cedar Mountain, August Jth, 1862 Repulse of the Confederates 228 Champion Hills, May 16th, 1863 376, 377 Chauoellorsville, Va., May 1st, 18(13 324 Chaucellorsville.Va., May 3d, 18(53 (ieueral Hooker Repulsing the Attack of the Enemy 3(i(), :((il Chancellorsville, Va. The Attack on General Sedg- vick s Corps, May Jth, 1803 325 Charles City Road, June 30th, 18(52 Charge of tin- Jersey Brigade 203 Chickamauga. Ga., September I .lfh 20th, 18(53, be tween Generals Rosecraus and Bragg 3112, 3 .K! Chickamauga Repulse of the Confederates at < raw- fish Creek 351; Corinth. Miss.. October -1th, 18(52 Scene in the Roundabouts of Fort Robinett. after the Re pulse of the Confederates 3 1C Cross Keys, June 8th, 18(52 Opening tin- Fight.. 15 .) Cross Keys The Centre and Front of the Federal Army in the Engagement 2:i(i Dam No. 4, Potomac River Battle between Butter- field s Brigade and a Large Confederate Force 2(!0 Dnmesville, Va. , December 20th, 18(52 83 Gaines s Mill. June 27th, 1862 207 Gettysburg. July 2d, 18(53. as Seen from Rocky Hill 351 Gettysburg Charge of the Confederates on Ceme tery Hill :V .K Gettysburg Cemetery Hill during the Attack of the Confederates 31; Grand Coteau, La., November 3d, 1863 Furious Attack on the Sixteenth Indiana Regiment . . :i!)l Great Bethel, June 10th, 18(51 Malveru Hill, near Turkey Bend, James River, Va., July 1st, 18(52 232, Middletowu, October l!Hh, 18(54 Great Victory Won by Major General Sheridan 443 Mill Spring, on the Cumberland River, near James town, Ky., Sunday, January 19th, 1862 Flight of the Confederate Army 200. 201 Muufordville, Ky., September 14th, 18(52 261 New Berne Lieutenant Hammond Capturing Colo nel A very, of South Carolina, while he was En deavoring to Rally the Flying Confederates. . . 311 Pea Ridge, Ark., March 6th, 7th and 8th, 1862, be tween the Federal Forces, 13,000 Strong, and the Combined Confederate Army of the South west, 25,000 Strong 11)7 Pittsburg Lauding, April 6th, 1862 Charge and Repulse of Confederates at Peach Orchard... 110 Pittsburg Landing Burning the Dead Horses near the Peach Orchard 10(1 Pittsburg Landing Desperate Defense of General McClernand s Second Line by the Federal Troops, Sunday Morning, April 6th, 1862. . . . 117 Pittsburg Landing Retreat of Dresser s Battery, Captain Tiniony, April 6th, 1862 Ill Pittsburg Landing The Recapture of Artillery by the First Ohio and other Regiments, under Gen eral Rousseau, April 7th, 1862 11(1 Resaca, Ga. , May 14th , 1 864 Geary s Brigade Charg ing up the Mountain 436 Rich Mountain, Beverly Pike, Va. , July llth, 1861 40, 41 Rich Mountain, Va., July 12th, 1861 Thirteenth Indiana Regiment Capturing a Gun 90 Roauoke Island, February 8th, 1862 Decisive Bay onet Charge of the Hawkins Zouaves 120, 121 Savage s Station, June 28th, 1862 226 Secessiouville, James Island, S. C. Bayonet Charge of Federal Troops, June 16th, 1862 222 Shiloh, or Pittsburg Lauding Colonel Johnson Endeavoring to Capture a Confederate Officer 151 Shiloh, or Pittsburg Lauding The Woods on Fire during the Engagement of April 6th, 1862. . . 165 Stone River, Teim, January 2d, 1863 317 Stone River, Tenn. The Decisive Charge of Gen eral Negley s Division across the River. . . .312, 313 White Oak Swamp Bridge. June 30th, 1862 Ayres s, Mott s and Randall s Batteries Checking the Advance of the Confederates 248, 249 Williamsburg, Va. . on the Peninsula between York and James Rivers, May 6th, 1861 143 Willis Church, June 30th, 1862 The Federal Forces, under General Heintzelinan, Engaged with the Enemy 206 31 71 181 51 30(5 127 187 42!) 297 17!) 441 208 1(52 BaMea Continued : Wilson s Creek, near Springfield, Mo., between 5,500 Union Troops, under Generals Lyon and Sigel, and 23,000 Confederates, under Generals Mc- Culloch and Price, August 10th, 1861 72, Wilson s Creek Charge of the First Iowa Regi ment, under General Lyon Wilson s Creek-Death of General Nathaniel Lyon Winchester, Va., March 23d, 18(52 Decisive Bay onet Charge of the Federal Troops, Led by Gen eral Tyler Belleaire, O. Steamboats Conveying Troops and Muni tions of War on the Great Kanawha (Billy) Wilson Zouaves, at Tammany Hall. Taking the Oath of Fidelity to the Flag. April 24th, 18(51 Bird s-eye View of Camp Douglas. Chicago, 111 Bird s-eye View of the Burning of a Confederate Schooner in Quantico or Dumfries Creek, Potn- mac River, on the Night of October llth, 18(51 Bivouac of the Eleventh Indiana Volunteer Regiment (Zouaves), at Cumberland. Md Bivouac of the Field and Staff Officers of the Twelfth Massachusetts Regiment, during a Stormy Night, on their March from Hyattstown. Md Blowing out the Bulkhead of Dutch Gap Canal, James River, Va., January 1st, 1865 Blowing up the Confederate Forts on Craney Island by Commodore Goldsborough, June 2d, 18(12.. . . 17!) Bombardment of Fredericksburg, Va., by tin- Army of the Potomac, December llth, 1862 2 .M5, Bombardment of Island No. 10 and the Fortifications Opposite on the Kentucky Shore, March 17th, 18(52 Bombardment of Port Hudson by Admiral Karragut s 1 lt et 440, Bouquet Battery, Commanding th< Viaduct over the Patapsco River, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Burning of the American Merchantman Iliinty Birch, of New York, in the British Channel, by the Con federate Steamer JYftx/irille, November 17th, 1861. . Burning of the Confederate Gunboats, Rams, etc., at New Orleans and Algiers on the Approach of the Federal Fleet 1114 Burning of the Gunpowder Creek Railroad Bridge, on the Philadelphia and Baltimore Railroad 226 Burning of the United States Arsenal at Harper s Ferry, April 18th, 1861 50 Burning of the White House The Federal Troops, by Command of General McClellau, Abandoning their Position at the White House, and Breaking up the Commissariat Depot on the Pamunkey River, June 26th, 1862 193 Burnside s Expedition : Melancholy Death of Colonel J. W. Allen, Surgeon Waller and the Second Mate of the Ann K. Thompson, on January 15th, 1862, near Hat teras Inlet 122 The Fleet and Transports off Hatteras during the Storm The General Giving Orders 171 Butchering and Dressing Cattle for Distribution to (he Federal Army 331 C. Campaign in Georgia : A Baggage Train Crossing the Mountains in a Storm Federal Troops Foraging near Warsaw Sound Campaign in Kentucky Federal Troops, under General Johnson, Advancing on the Nashville and Louisville Turnpike 284 Campaign on the James River General Butler Landing; at Fort Powhatan 435 Camp Corcoran, on Arlington Heights, Va 27 Camp Deuuison, on the Banks of the Miami River. . . . i ,)4 Camp Life in the West Camn Lillie, Headquarters of General Fremont, Jeffer son Cily, Mo Camp of the Garibaldi Guards, near Roche s Mills. Va. Camp of the Ninth Massachusetts Regiment in the Woods, One Mile from the Confederate Fortifica tions, Y orktown 215 Camp Princeton, Va. , the Headquarters of General Runyon s New Jersey Brigade 192 Camp Wool. Two Miles from Fort Clark. Hatteras Isl and. Occupied by Hawkins s Zouaves in 18(51 .... 259 Camp Zagonyi Encampment of Fremont s Army on the Prairie, near Wheatland, Mo 244 439 459 256 r" Battles not found in index under B, see War in different States. INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. Cap. Girarde.m. Mo., an Im--...ant Strategic Position on the Mississippi Kiver Captain Muller s Battery Company of the Seventy- seventh Pennsylvania Rcgimeut Making Fascines and Gabions for Breastworks 172 Captain Knapp s Battery Engaging the Confederates at the Battle of Cedar Mountain, August 9th, 1862. . . 1 (3 Capture of Arkansas Post, Ark.-General Stephen G. Burbridge Planting the Stars aud Stripes on Fort Hiudmau. January llth, 1863 Capture of the Anglo-Confederate Steamer Arie off Bull s Bay, near Charleston, S. C., by the United States Gunboat Stettin 354 Capture of the British Steamer Amu- by the United States Gunboat KiiiKiirhn, June 28th. 1862 333 Capture of the Propeller Funny iu Pauilico Sound by Three Confederate Steamers 68 Capture of the United States Mail Steamer Ariel. Cap tain Jones, off the East End of Cuba, by the .1 Mxima (" 290"), Captain Semmes. December 7th. 1862 330 Carlisle, Pa.. Showing General Sriith s Headquarters aud the Barracks Destroyed by General W. II. F. Lee . . 306 Cavalry Skirmishers Advancing on the Confederate Po sition iu the Pass of the Blue Ridge 482 Centreville. Va., with the Battlefield of Bull Run. Bull Run Mountains, Thoroughfare Gap aud the Blue Ridge in the Distance 366 Charleston Harlxir during the Bombardment of Fort Sumter 42 City of Fredericksburg, Va.. from the North Side of the Rappahannock 154 Colonel I,ewis Wallace, of the Eleventh Indiana Volun teers (/ouavesi, and his Staff, on Service iu West ern Virginia 00 Colonel Pilson s Battery Shelling the Rear Guard of (he Confederate General Jackson s Army, at the Cross ing of the Sheiiandoah River. June :td. 1862 203 Commissariat Depot of the United States Army of the Rappahannock, at Manassas, Va Confederate Army, under Early. Surpris iig the Federal Forces at Cedar ( reek Confederate Batteries Shelling the Federal Position on the Night of the Battle of Cedar Mountain, August 9th. 18112 I M> Confederate Cavalry Attacking a Federal Supply Train near Jasper. Tenn 3H. t Confederate Cavalry Driving Stragglers and Skulkers Back to their Duty at fhe Battle of Antietam. . . . 295 Confederate Forces under General Jackson Advancing upon the Kappahannock Station at the Kiver - Fed eral Batteries Replying to the Confederate Artillery. 237 Confederate Invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania, June llth, lxr,3 350 Confederate Ironclad Ham Itnirijin Lying off Fort Jack son, Savannah River, (la 322 Confederate Position at Centreville. Va. , at the Cross ing of the Orange and Alexandria Railway over Bull Run 284 Confederate Prisoners Brought in after the Battle of Chancellorsville 462 Confederate Privateer Steamer Alnhninti ("290"), Cap tain Raphael Semmes 287 Confederate Raid into Kentucky Excitement at Cov- iugton 231 Confederate Raid into Kentucky The Fight at the Lick ing Bridge between the Federal Troops and the Morgan Confederate Guerrillas 231 Confederate Rams from Charleston Harbor Attacking the Federal Blockading Squadron, January 31st, 1863 354 Confederates iu Ambush Firing on a Reconnoitring Expedition to Oyster Creek, Roanoke Island, N. C. 269 Conrad s Ferry, Md., above Harrison s Island, on the Potomac River 263 Construction of Floating Mortar Batteries, etc., Upper Ferry, St. Louis, Mo 109 Cooking in Camp- -The Kitchen of the Fremont Dra goons at Tiptou, Mo 139 Crew of the United States Gunboat ilahnxkii Destroying the Water Battery Built by the Confederates at West Point, York River 349 Culpcper Courthouse, or Fairfax, Va 371 Cumberland Gap and Heights. Teiin 372 Cutting the LeveeH near the State Line of Louisiana and Arkansas, by Order of General Grant 386 D. I .. ,ith of Colonel Baker at the Battle of Ball s Buff, Va., October 21st, 1861 87 Death of the Confederate General /ollicoffer in the Bat tle of Mill Spring. Ky., January 19th. 1862 103 Delaware Indians Acting as Scouts for the Federal Army 257 1 1, parture of Colonel Ellsworth s /ouaves from New York City, Escorted by the Fire Department, April 2 1 . !)!. 1-61 212 DeBjM ratc Kngagemeiit. April 24th, 1MV2. between the United States (riinbont \ urn mi. Commander Boggs, and the Confederate Steam Ram./. (!. llreek-inriil /i . id the (iiinbont florrrnor Mi*trt Ill: II in I to hand Combat between Federal Cav alry and StiiTt s Confederate Troops, at Kelley s Ford, on the Rappahannock. Va , March 17th. 1863 395 Des]>crute N.ual Battle between the Confederate Iron clad Ram Arkiiimii* and the Fed. ral Gunboat Co- riiiiilrltt. at the Mouth of the Ya/.oo River, July 15th. 1862 224 Desperate Skirmish at Old Church, near Tuustall s Sta tion, Va., June 13th, 1862 -Death of tho Confeder ate Captain Lataue 1" Destruction of Guns and Gun Carriages at the Arsenal, Beaufort, 8. C., November 14th, 1801 01 Destruction of the Confederate Ironclad Steamer Merri- maf, May llth, 1862 2W Destruction of the Famous Confederate Privateer Jiuxtt- rillf in the Ogecchec River, Ga., February 28th, 1863 -286 Destruction of Railroad Track by Federal Troops. . 270 Detachment of the First South Carolina "Colored" Federal Volunteers Picking off Confederate Sharp shooters Concealed in the Trees on the Banks of the Sapelo River. Ga 339 Detachment of the First South Carolina (Colored) Vol unteers Repelling- the Attack of the Confederates in the Vicinity of Dobny River. Ga 221 Detachment of the New York Rifles Firing upon Com pany B of the Same Regiment, near Willett s Point, September Oth. 1861 Detachment of United States Sailors Burning the Con traband Vessel Yrk. near Beaufort, N. C., Janu- uary 23d. 1862 Disabling and Capture of the Federal Gunboats tfitrhem and Clifton. September 8th, 1863 Discovery of a Confederate Battery at Messech s Point. . Distributing Rations near Warrenton. Va Drurv s Bluff, a Confederate Position on the James River, near Richmond. Va 362 Durvee Zouaves Carrying the Body of Lieutenant Greble from the Field at Great Bethel 71 138 253 3S1 123 343 E. i if Paducah, i.n the 103 23 101 283 242 201 45 195 Earthwork Batteries Surrounding the City Ky Edward s Ferry, Md., Below Harrison s Island, Potomac River Effect of the Gunboat Shells on the Confederates in the Woods. Port Royal, S. C.. January 1st, 1862 Eleventh Indiana /ouaves in Camp McGinnis, after the Battle of Romney Ellsworth Chicago /ouave Cadets. Group of Ellsworth, Colonel, Murder of. at the Marshall House, Alexandria, Va., May 21th, 1861 Embarking Troops and Artillery at Bird s Point. Mo.. . Ennnittslinrg. Md. -General Meade s Army Pursuing General Lee 31 .* Encampment of Colonel Ellsworth s New York Fire Xou- avcs. Washington. I). C 204 Encampment of Colonel Max Weber s German Turner Rifle Regiment at Hampton Creek. Va Encampment of the Federal Army near Rolla. Mo Encampment of the First Vermont Regiment at New port News. Va Engagement at Bealington, Va. , between Ohio and In diana Regiments and a Detachment of Georgia Troops Engagement at Romney, Va. , June llth, 1861 196 Engagement between the Federal Troops and the Con federates 011 the Virginia Side of the Potomac. Oc tober 22d. 1861 Enthusiasm of the Northern Armies Re-enlisting of the Seventeenth Army Corps 389 Erecting Stockades at Newport News, Va 2x.> Escorting Major Taylor, of New Orleans. Bearer of a Flag of Truce, Blindfolded, to the Confederate Lines, after his Unsuccessful Mission 173 Evacuation of Corinth, Miss. : Entry of Federal Troops 128 Pursuit of the Retreating Confederates by Federal Cavalry under General Smith 126 Expedition to Port Royal : Camps of the Eighth Maine, Third New Hampshire, Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth New York Reg iments, etc ( lovernmcnt Buildings Erected at Hilton Head. S. C. Explosion of a Shell in the Cutter of the United States Steamer Xiagnra, November 3d. 1861 48 Explosion of 3. (MM) Musket Cartridges in a Tent at Fort Totten, New Berne, N. C 327 Extempore Musical and Terpsichorean Entertainment at the United States Arsenal, Baton Rouge, La 288 Exterior View of Fortifications at Hilton Head, Port Royal, S. C 300 F. Falmouth, Va., on the Rappahanuock. Headquarters of General Burnside 349 Farragut s Naval Victory iu Mobile Harbor 435 Federal Army, under General Pope, Landing on the Kentucky Shore, April 1st, 1862 338 Federal Artillery Taking up Position at the Battle of South Mountain 279 Federal Baggage Traiu on its Way to the Army at Fal mouth. Va 272 Federal Cavalry Covering the Escape of Federal Pris oners from Libby Prison. Richmond, Va 388 Federal Cavalry Leaders Making a Reconuoissance near Fredericksburg. Va 311 Federal Hill. Baltimore. Occupied by Federal Troops. 290 Federal Kitchen on the March to Fredericksburg 172 Federal Siege Works on Rogue Island. N. C 355 Federal Signal Station on Londoun Heights, Harper s Ferry 402 Federal Soldiers Shootini; Cattle 331 Federal Troops Building a Itoad across Low Island, iu the Ohio River, Opposite Paducah, Ky 90 221 220 PAOB Federal Troops Driving the Confederates across the Po- cotaligo liruige, near tlie v narlestou and Savannah Railroad, October 22d, 1862 270 Federal Troops Lauding on the Kentucky Shore Oppo site Cairo 94 Federal Troops Marching Back to Falwouth after the Battle of Chaucellorsville 332 Federal Troops Marching through Second Street, New Feruaudiua, Fla 235 Federal Volunteers Crossing from Cincinnati to Coving- ton on a Bridge of Coal Boats, September 5th, 1862 292 Fight at Philippi, Va., June 3d, 1861 53 Fire Raft Sent Down from Fort Jackson to Destroy the Federal Fleet below the Fort 166 Firiug on the Schooner tfhtinniin from the Battery on Morris Island. Charleston Harbor. S. C., April 3d, 18(11 : 7 First and Last Review of the First Regiment. South Carolina Negro Volunteers, on Hilton Head, S. C., June 25th. 1862 174 First Charge of Fremont s Bodyguard, at Springfield. Mo.. October 25th, 1861 r > 8 First Division of Pennsylvania Volunteers Entering Bal timore Harbor. May 15th. 1861 135 First Naval Battle in Hampton Roads, between the Con federate Iron-plated Steamers Merrimar. Y<irkt >irn and Jamftirn. and the Federal Wooden Sailing Frigates Cumberland and Con-gre**, March 8th, 1862 1HK Flag of Truce from the Confederates for a Suspension of Firing, to Bury their Dead. at. Port Royal, S. C. 482 Fording of the Osage River at Warsaw, Mo., by the Fre mont Hussars, October 18th. 1861 75 Forging Ironwork for Gun Carriages at the Watervliet Arsenal. West Troy. N. Y 78 Fort Built around the Officers Quarters of the First Minnesota Regiment, near Fair Oaks, Va 202 Fortifications Erected by the Federal Troops at Bird s Point, Mo 268 Forts : Beauregard, on Bay Point, Opposite Port Royal, S. C. -Interior View 124 Castle Pinckney. Charleston Harbor. S.C.. 1861. .24, 25 Calhoun, on the Ripraps, in Hampton Roads, Va. . 370 Clinch, on Amelia Island. Fla. Interior View 291 De Russy. La. Capture of. March 14th. 18(14. by the Federal Forces 309 Douelsou, Capture of Charge of the Eighth Mis souri Regiment and the Eleventh Indiana Zou aves. February 15th. 1862 85 Feuwick s Island. South Edisto River. S. C 355 Heurv, Tennessee River, Tenn.. Bombardment of, February 6th, 1862 252 Henry, Bombardment of Interior View - Bursting of a 42-pounder Gun 152, 153 Lafayette, New York Harbor Lauding State Pris oners in 1861 251 Macon. Ga., Surrender of. April 26th. 1862 266, 267 McAllister. Ogeechco River. Ga., Bombardment of, March 5th. 1863 364 Moultrie, Bombardment of 382 Moultrie, Spiking the (inns of, by Major Anderson, before its Evacuation, December 26th, I860. . . 55 Norfolk, Old, Built by the Federal Government, but Altered and Strengthened by the Confed erates 105 Pulaski, at the Entrance of the Savannah River, Ga. 140 Pulaski, Bombardment of, April llth, 1862 141 Sumter, Charleston Harbor, S. C 24, 25 Taylor, Key West, Fla 322 Pickens, on Santa Rosa Island, Fla 55 Thompson, near New Berne, on the Neuse River Bombardment and Capture of, March 14th, 1862 269 Vulcan, Jones s Island, Savannah River, Ga 339 Walker. Port Royal Harbor, S. C. View of the In terior during the Bombardment by the Vessels of the Federal Fleet. November 7th, 1861 69 Frederickslmrg, Va.. and the Confederate Batteries and Pickets, as Seen from Falmouth Heights 348 Fresh Bread I" Impromptu Oven Built by the Nine teenth Regiment, New York Volunteers 263 Front Royal, Manas!- as Gap Railroad. Blue Ridge Mount ains in the Distance The Federal Army Entering the Town 14 Funeral Cortege, at Boston, Mass. , of the Sixth Massa chusetts Soldiers Killed at Baltimore 55 G. Gallant Attack by One Hundred and Fifty of the Penn sylvania Bncktails. Led by Colonel Kane, upon a Portion of General Stonewall Jackson s Confederate Army, near Harrisburg, June 6th, 1862 184, 185 Gallant Charge of the Sixth Michigan Cavalry, near Falling Waters, Md., July 14th, 1862 395 Gallant Charge of the Sixth Regiment, United States Regular Cavalry, upon the Confederate Stuart s Cavalry. May 9th. 1862 155 Gallant Charge on the Outworks of Fort Donelson, Feb ruary 13th, 1862 136, 137 Gathering Confederate Onts an Incidi nt in the March of General Prentiss s Division 106 Gathering of Fremont s Troops on the Prairie near Tip- ton, Mo., on the Eve of Departure in Pursuit of General Price 25S General Asboth and Staff at the Battle of Pea Ridge. Ark., March 6Ui and 8th, 1862 11.) INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. xi Genera) Banks s Division Kecrossing tlie Potomac from Williamsport, Md., to Attack the Confederate Army under General Jackson 149 General Bauks s Headquarters near Edward s Ferry, Md. 259 General Fremont s Army on its March from Tipton to Warsaw over the Prairies to Haw Creek 75 General Fremont s Division Crossing the Pontoon Bridge over the Shenandoah River in Pursuit of the Con federate General JacLson ami his Army 186 General Hooker s Headquarters, Chnncelloreville 325 General McClellan and the Federal Troops Passing through Frederick City, Md., in Pursuit of the Confederate Army, September lath, 18fi2 239 General McGowen Addressing the Thirty-fifth Abbeville (S. C.) Volunteers in Front of the Charleston Hotel 37 General McPherson Entering Clinton, Mississippi 391 General Rosecraus Surrounded by his Staff at their Headquarters, Clarksburg, Va 156 General Schenck, with Four Companies of the First Ohio Regiment, Fired into by a Confederate Masked Battery, near Vienna, Va. , June 17th. 18(51 29 General Stevens s Brigade Entering Beaufort, S. C 70 General View of Columbus, Ky., and its Fortifications. . 275 General View of Forts Hatteras and Clark, N. C 190 Going into Camp at Stafford s Store, Va 341 Gordon s and Crawford s Brigades Driving the Confed erate Forces from the Woods at the Battle of Cedar Mountain. August 9th, 1862 175 Government Buildings for "Contrabands" Erected at Hilton Head, S. C 304 Grafton, Western Virginia, Occupied by the Federal Troops under the Command of General McClellau 205 Grand Eeview in Washington by President Lincoln, General McClellan and a Portion of the Cabinet, September 24th, 18G1 88, 89 Grand Review of General Thomas s Brigade by Major General Bunks and Staff 03 " Grand Skedaddle " of the Inhabitants from Charles ton, S.C 302 Grant s Campaign in Virginia : Battle of Bethesda Church, May 3(>th, 1804 1113 Battle of Cold Harbor, June 1st. 181 , I 387 Repulse of Lee s Night Attack on Smith s Brigade, Hancock s Corps. June 3d, 18(54 472, 473 Great Bakery for the "United States Army at the Capitol, Washington. D. C 107 Great Naval Battle on the Mississippi : First Day s Bombardment 132 Passage of the Second Division of the Federal Squadron Past Fort St. Philip, April 24th, 1802 133 Group of Confederate Prisoners Captured at Fort Don- elson 1^7 Gunboat and Mortar-boat Attack on Island No. 10, March l(5th, 18(52 17* H. Harbor of Charleston, S. C. : Fort Moultrie, on Sullivan s Island 300 Fort Pinckney 301 Harrison s Landing, James Rivor, Va. , Occupied by the Federal Army, July 1st. 1862 323 Headquarters of General Butterfield, near Harrison s Landing. James River. Va 237 Headquarters of the Federal Army near Vicksburg 277 Headquarters of Vincent Collyer. Superintendent of the Poor at New Berne, N. C 9(1 Heroic Conduct of Lieutenant Colonel Morrison 209 Horseshoeing in the Army 400 Howlett s Confederate Battery on the James River, Va. 427 How the Daughters of Maryland Received the Sons of the North as they Marched against the Confederate Invaders 458 Humors of a Prison Scene in a Station-house Cell, Washington, D^C 183 I. Incident in the March of General Bauks s Division dur ing a Storm in Western Maryland 183 Infernal Machine Designed by the Confederates to De stroy the Federal Flotilla in the Potomac 1G3 Interior of the Outbuilding Attached to Marshal Kane s Police Headquarters, Holliday Street, Baltimore Discovery of Cannon, Muskets and Ammunition In tended for the Service of the Secessionists Interior of the Principal Confederate Fortifications near New Berne, N. C lu the Shenandoah Valley : General Fremont s Division Marching through the Woods to Attack the Confederates 215 Mount Jackson, General Fremont s Headquarters. . 220 Invasion of Maryland : Citizens of Baltimore Barricading the Streets 469 General Kilpatrick Repulsing the Confederate Stu art at Boonsborough 394 Invasion of Pennsylvania : Battle of Gettysburg, July 3d, 18(53 468 Working on the Fortifications near Harrisburg, June 16th, 1803 411 Investment of Fort Hindman. Arkansas Post. Ark., Jan uary llth. 18(53 340 Ironclad Weeliawken Returning to Fire a Parting Shot at Fort Sumter, after the Bombardment, April 7th, 1863 460 J. Jefferson City. Capital of Missouri Arrival of General Fremont s Division 258 K. Kelley s Ford, on the Rappahauuock 401 Klliug s Cave, on the Banks of the Potomac, near Sharpsburg, the Place of Refuge of Many Citizens during the Battle of Autietam. 207 L. Lake Providence, La., Headquarters of General Mc Pherson 315 Lauding of Captain Bailey and Lieutenant Perkins on the Levee, New Orleans, La., with a Flag of Truce to Demand the Surrender of the City 129 Lauding of Federal Troops at Parkersburg, Western Virginia 238 Lauding of United States Troops at Fort Walker, after the Bombardment, November 7th, 1801 03 Laud Practice of Sailors with the Dahlgren Howit/or Boat Gun 208 Lee s Army Crossing the Potomac at Williamsport, after the Invasion of Maryland 397 Lieutenant J. H. Raymond Capturing the Confederate Flag from the Burning Confederate Steamer Funny, February llth. 1802 391 Lieutenant Tillotsou s Naval Battery of Boat Howitzers at the Battle of New Berne, N. C 107 Lieutenant Tompkins, at the Head of Company B, United States Dragoons, Charging into the Town of Fair- fnx Courthouse, in the Face of 1,500 Confederate Troops, June 1st, 1801 26 Lighthouse, Jupiter Inlet, East Coast of Florida 380 Lighthouse, Tampa Bay, West Coast of Florida 387 Loading a 15-inch Gun 450 Locomotives Built at Vicksburg, Miss., by the Federal Soldiers 369 Loss of the MutMur- -Gallant Attempt to Rescue the Crew off Cape Hatteras. at Midnight, December 30th, 1802 122 Loudouu Heights. Va. , Showing Harper s Ferry, Mary- laud Heights, Bolivar, etc 373 M. Major General Bnrnsidi" Assuming Command of the Army of the Potomac 204, 205 Manassas Junction. Showing the Evacuated Confederate Fortifications 157 Maps : Battlefield of Belmont, Mo 444 Fort Pulaski, Ga., with the Positions of the Fed eral Batteries on Tybee Island 445 Harbor and City of Charleston. S. C 444 Hilton Head Island. Showing the Topography 411 Pensacola Bay, Fla., Showing the Situation of the United States Navy Yard, Fort Pickeus. Fort Me Rue, Water Battery and Fort San Carlos de Barrancas 445 I ittsburg Landing Plan of the Defense at the Peach Orchard 445 I ittsburg Lauding Plan Showing the Positions of the Forces during the. Great Artillery Fight. . . . 445 Plan of the Battle of Great Bethel 445 Roanoke Island and Croatan and Roauoke Sounds 444 Seat of War in Virginia 445 Southern Coast of the United States from Pensa cola to New Orleans 441 Martin s Massachusetts Battery C Opening Fire on the Confederate Fortifications Commanding the Ap proaches to Yorktown, April 5th. 1862 171 Masquerade of War Ingenious Method of Disguising the Masts and Hulls of Commodore Porter s Mor tar Flotilla 274 Military Authorities at Washington, D. C., Examining Passes in 1801 199 Morning Detail of the Fourth New Hampshire Volun teers Going to Work on the Hilton Head Forti fications 66 Morning Mustering of the " Contrabands " at Fortress Monroe 64 Mortar Practice : Rear View of 13-inch Mortar 218 13-inch Shell Mortar, as Used by the Federal Gov ernment 218 Mouth of the Y azoo River, Miss., with the Union Flo tilla 308 Movement of Troops from the Collins Line Dock, Canal Street, New York 33 Mule Corral at Pittsburg Lauding 466 N. Naval Action off the Mouth of the Pass a 1 Outre, New Orleans. January 1st, 1862 282 Naval Brigade Constructing the Main Battery on Shut ter s Hill, to Guard Alexandria, Va 115 Naval Hospital and Battery at Portsmouth, Va 189 Naval Practice Battery, Washington. D. C 146 Negro Drivers Watering Mules in the Rappahannock. . 161 New Berne, N. C 108, 223 New General Hospital, Hilton Head, S. C., Exterior and Interior 309 New Jersey Troops Crossing the Chesapeake Bay, on their Way to Washington. May 4th, 1801 188 New Year s Day Contraband Ball at Vicksburg, Miss. 337 Night Attack on the Federal Forces under Major Boweu, Occupying Salem, Mo., December 8th, 1861 82 Night Expedition to Island No. 10, April 2d. 1802 100 North Battery of the Confederates at Shipping Point, on the Potomac 64 o. Occupation of Norfolk, Va. , by the Federal Troops View of the City Federal Vessels at Anchor 210 Old Flag Again on Sumter Raised on a Temporary Staff Formed of an Oar and Boathook 496 Old Harrison Mansion, Harrison s Landing, Va., the Birthplace of President William Henry Harrison. . . 375 Operations near Washington Scene of the Fight in Front of Fort Stevens, July 12th-13th, 1864 414 Ordnance Armory, Charleston, S. C 79 P. Panoramic View of the Federal Fleet Passing the Forts of the Mississippi, April 19th. 18152 Paris, Capital of Bourbon County, Ky., Occupied by Morgan s Guerrillas in 1862 Passage down the Ohio River of General Negley s Penn sylvania Brigade Passage of the Rappahannock by the Grand Army of the Potomac, December 10th, 1862 Plantation Police, or Home Guard Pontoon Bridge " On the March " Portraits : Aldeu, Rear Admiral .Tames Anderson, Major Robert Arthur, General Chester A Augur, General Christopher C Averill, General W. W Baker, Colonel E. I) Baker, General Lafayette C Barlow, General Francis C Bayard, General George D Beauregard, General P. G. T Benham, General Henry W Berry, General Hiram G Blenker, General Louis Braunan, General John M Buell, Major General Don Carlos Buford, General John Butler, General Benjamin F Canby, General Edward R. S Corcoran, General Michael Couch , General 1 )arius H Crittenden, General Thomas L Crook, General George Cross, Colonel E. E Cullum , General George W Custer, General George A Dahlgren. Colonel IJlric Davis, Jefferson Dix, General John A Dupout, Admiral Samuel F Ellsworth, Colonel Elmer E Ewell, General Richard S Farragut, Admiral David G Ferrero, General Edward Foster, General John G Franklin, General William B Garfield, General James A Gorman, General Willis A Granger, General Gordon Grant, General U. S Gresham, General Walter Q Grierson, General Benjamin H Grover, General Cuvier Hancock, General Winfield Scott Haruey, General William S Harrison, General Benjamin Hayes, General Rutherford B Hooker, General Joseph Howard, General Oliver Hunter, General David Jackson, General Thomas J. (Stonewall) Kilpatrick, General Judson King, General Rufus Lee, General Robert E Lincoln, Abraham Logan, General John A Lyon, General Nathaniel Mansfield, General J. K. F McClellau, Major General George B McCulloch, General Ben McDowell, Major General Irwiu McPherson, General James B Meade, General George G Milroy, General Robert H Mitchel, General Ormsby MacKuight Morgan, General George W Morgan, General John H Myer, General Albert J Negley, Brigadier General J. S Oglesby, General Richard J Ord, General Edward O. C Patterson, General Robert Peabody , Colonel Everett Peck, General John James Pleasonton, General Alfred Pope, General John Porter, Admiral Dnvid D Porter, General Fitzjohu Ransom, General T. E. . .". Reno, General Jesse L Reynolds, General John Fulton Rosecrans, General W. S Rusk. General Jeremiah M Schofield. General John M Scott, Lieutenant General Wiufield 210 338 32 271 336 343 358 38 304 262 104 87 385 294 202 38 390 202 70 240 54 278 214 374 198 10-. 278 214 1(14 310 182 182 81 113 481 23 400 321 198 278 405 241 102 104 170 384 410 390 145 70 417 240 305 342 230 406 164 374 80 17 150 86 86 49 86 54 150 150 262 246 278 406 353 54 214 294 326 118 310 230 342 144 246 230 246 134 54 390 118 22 XII TNDKX T( ? //, L US TRA TIONS. Portraits Continued : Sedgwirk. ( i. neral John I M Shftrpe, General George H 294 Shepley, General George F 102 Sheridan. General Philip H 112 Sherman, General William Tecumseh 31) Shields, General James 118 Sickles, General Daniel E US 8igel, General Franz 80 Sprague, General J.I 182 Stoni iimn, General George 326 Stringham, Hear Admiral Silas H 273 Strong, General George C 134 Sturgis General Samuel D 102 Snmner, General . ..1 \\ in V 358 Sykes, General George 198 riioin.is. General George H 150 Thomas. General Lorenzo 182 Totten, General Joseph G 214 Tyler, General Daniel 374 Wallace, General Lewis l .)8 Ward, General J. H. Hobart 3i>8 Warren, General Gouvertieur K 310 Webb, General Alexander S 2SO Weitzel, General Godfrey. ... 134 Wilkes, Rear Admiral Charles 320 Wiuslow, Rear Admiral John A 342 Wool, General Johii E 140 Practicing with the Celebrated Sawyer Gun tit Scwcll s Point, near Norfolk. Va 250 Presentation of Colors to the Twontiiith United States Colored Infantry. March 5th, 1804 3 .W President Lincoln Reviewing the Federal Army on Tiles- day, July Hth, 1802, nunr Harrison s Landing, Va 230 R. Ruid in Kentucky The Confederate Morgan with liis Gnerrilliw Bivouacking in Courthouse Square, Paris :U 1 Railroad Battery Proteetiu Workmen 7 Rebuilding Railroad Bridge over (he Rappalianndtfk to Frederioksburg Reee])tion by the People of New York of the Slity-niilth Regiment, on tlieir Return from the Seat of War . Reception of Brigadier General Corcoran, at Castle Garden. Aiif-u.it 22.1, 1802 Heeeptiou of Wounded Soldiers by the Federal Authur- ities at Fortress Monroe. Va ReConnoissance by Colonel Max Weber s Turner Rifles. in the Vicinity of Newmarket Bridge. ^ a Beconnolssance in Force, by General Grant toward Co lumbus, Ky Reconnoissaiice in the (treat Ogeechee Kiver, (la.. .Jan uary 27th, IHIi:) Reconuoiss&nce of the Confederate Position at Stras- burg, Va Rcconnoissanee of Warsaw Sound, December 5th, 18111 Reconnoitring Detachment of General Hanks * Cavalrv. Hyattstown. Md.. in the Distance 251 Recruiting for Hawkins s New York /ouaves 78 Recruiting in Philadelphia, Pa., for the Bucktail Penn sylvania Regiment, August, 1K02 375 Re-enforcements for Grant s Army Leaving Memphis, Teun 378 Refugees from Sinitliern Missouri Rncamped near Rolla.. 00 RrmaiuH of a Confederate Camp at M.tnassas 152 Removing Sunken Schooners from Core Hmtnd. N. C . 234 Repulse of the Confederates at James Island, near Charleston, H. C., June 10th, 18C2 227 Rescue of Major Reynolds .? Battalion of Marines from the Foundering Steamer (rarrrnnf 48 Retreat of Confederate Garrison frotn Fort Walker. . 101. 105 Kftreat of the Federal Troops frolll the Virginia Mlwre on the Night of October 2!)i1, 1WU 213 Ueturn of a Foraging Party with their Spoils 280 Return of Wonuded Soldiers of the Federal Army Capt ured at Hull Run Review of the Clinch Rifles on the Parade Ground In Front of the Arsenal, Augusta. Gil Review of Confederate Troops in Front of the Pulaski Monument, Savannah, Ga.. August 7th, 1801 Richmond. Va., from the Prison Camp at Belle Isle, James River 430 Rhode Island Regiments Embarking at Providence 01 Uuins of a Confederate Fort 434 I .ush s Lancers Guarding the Roads the Day lifter the Rattle of Aiitietam 359 s. Savannah. Ga., Looking East toward Fort Jackson 428 Scfiir in Adams Express Office at Fortress Monroe, Va. . 1HO ricene in Camp Life Company Mess of the Thirteenth Illinois Volunteers 202 Scene in Camp near Fulmouth. Va. Army Blacksmith Shoeing a Refractory Mule 451 Scene in the Military Market ai Beaufort, 8. C 05 Scouting Party of The Tigers of the Bloody Ninth.". 123 Kreoud Charge upon the Confederates by Fremont s Bodyguard, near Springfield, Mo r>9 i id Naval Battle in Hampton Roads, Sunday, March nth. 1802 189 Section of Fort Rnnvon. Va., Guarding the Road to Alexandria, August, 1861 250 Seventh Regiment en route fur Washington, D. C,, April 19th. 18fil 10 of Atlanta. Ga. Confederate attack on General Logan s Corps, July 2Htu, 1864 433 Siege of Charleston, S. C. : Bombardment of Fort Moultrie and Batteries Bee and Bcauregard 382 Engineer Depot, Morris Island. S. C 474 Federal Sharpshooters Approaching Fort Wagner. . 484 Ordnance Depot, Morris Island, S. C 475 The Doomed City Fired by Gillmore s Explosive Shells from Fort Putnam, January 3d, 1804. . . 485 Siege of Inland No, 10, on the Mississippi River Night Bombardment by the Federal Mortar Boats, March 18th, 1802 177 Siege of Petersburg : Battle of Ream s Station, August iiutu, 1804 420 Charge of the Second Division, Ninth Army Corps. into the Crater, July 30th. 1804 423 Colored Infantry Bringing in Captured Guns 438 The Fifth Corps Awaiting the Order to Advance, July 30th, 1804 495 The Ninth Corps Charging on the Enemy s Works after the Explosion of the Mine 488, 489 Siege of Vicksburg : Attack upon the Confederate Works, May 22d, 1803 344, 345 Cannon Dismounted Inside the Confederate Works 305 General Grant Meeting the Confederate General Pembertou. July 4th, 1H03 453 General Sherman s Fight with Hand Grenades 359 Life in the Trenches 334 Sharpshooters in the Rifle Pits 347 Storming Fort Hill after the Explosion of the Mine. 340 The Fight in the Crater of Fort Hill after the Ex plosion 318 Sixteenth Regiment, Ohio Volunteers, under Colonel Irwine, Crossing the Tray Run Viaduct, near the Cheat Itivi-r. on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. . 00 Sixth Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers Leaving Jersey City Railroad Depot to Defend Washington, 18 Shelling Confederate Cavalry across the Potomac River, October 4th, 180] 17(1 Shelling of a Confederate Camp on the Potomac. ...... -17 Shelling of the Batteries at Galvestoii by the United States War Steamer ,S v<// ( itrliini 227 Sheridan s Campaign iu the Shenandoah Valley: The Federal Forces Falling Hack through Charles- town, August 21st. 18(!4 433 RafUc of Winchester Charge of Crook s Eighth Corps 412 Buttle of Winchester Position of thu Nineteenth Corps, September l!)th, 1803 112 Sherman s 4 Bummers" Foraging in South Carolina. . . . t32 Sherman s Campaign in Georgia Attack on the Keuesaw Mountain, June 22d. 1*01 422 Capture of Buzzard s Roost at Hovey Gap. Cm.. May Hth. 1804 ." 430 The Battle of Resaea 438 Sherman s Seventeenth Corps Crossing the South Kdisto River. S. C 430 Ship Island, near the Mouth of the Mississippi 110 Shiloh Log Chapel, where the Battle of Shiloh Com menced, April Oth, 1802 155 Sketches in Beaufort. S. C. , and its Vicinity 3I!8 Sketches of Ai-ihy Life Weighing Out Rations 403 Skirmishing between Pickets hear Muhson s Hill 170 Skirmishing hi the Woods, on the Advance to Vicksburg 327 Skirmish near Be.iufoit, S. C.. December 5th. 1H01 135 Soldiers Graveyard near Falmoiith. Va 455 Soldier s Rest Friends of the Seventh and Eighth Regiments. New York Volunteers, Welcoming (lie Return of their Heroes to New York 404 Southern Caricature 177 Steuben Volunteers (German Regiment) Receiving the American and Steubeu Flags in Front of the City Hull, New York. May 24th. 1801 20 Storming Fort Dohelsoh Decisive Bayonet Charge, 108, 101) Street iii Frederieksburg, Va., Showing the Result of the Bombardment 303 Street in Harper s Ferry. Va. , during the Passage of the Potomac by the Federal Troops from Maryland, October 24th, IHI ,2 210 Stuart s Confederate Cavalry Escaping with their Stolen Horses into Virginia 204 Successful Attack on the Confederate Fortifications on and near Port Royal Ferry, January 1st, 1802 243 Successful Charge of Company H, First Massachusetts Regiment, on a Confederate Redan before Yorktown, April 20th, 1802 151 Surprise and Capture of the I nited States Gunboat Hiirfiet Lnne by the Confederates under General Magruder. and Destruction of the Flagship Went- $M, in Galveston Harbor, January 1st, 1803. . .328, 320 Sutler s Htore, Harper s Ferry, Va 209 T. Taking Away the Colors of the Seventy-ninth New York Regiment for Insubordination and Mutiny 199 Terrible Effect of a Charge of Grape from Fort Jackson, April 21th. 1802 117 Thanksgiving Festivities at Fort Pulaskl. Ga 32t) The Forlorn Hope Volunteer Storming Party Crossing the Rappahannock in Advance of the Grand Army, December 10th, 18fia 280, 281 "The Pirate s Decoy" Captain Seinmes Decoying Shipi toward him by Burning a Prize Vessel. . . . 299 The Quaker < it// Engaging Confederate Dragoons near Cape Henry. Va 299 Third Rhode Island Volunteers Driving the Confederate Sharpshooters from the Woods on James Island, S. C. 138 FAOK Thoroughfare Gap, Va 863 Towing Wounded Federal Soldiers down the Bayou after the Battle of Bayou Teche, La 362 Transfer of Released Federal Prisoners 178 Traveling in State General Buruside on thu Road from New Berne to Beaufort, N. 162 Troops Drilling in Washington. D. C 21 Tuscumbia, Ala., One of the Scenes of Colonel Grir- sou s Exploits 371 Tybee Island, Savannah River, Ga. View of the Light house and Barracks 307 u. 36 United States Arsenal at Charleston, S. C United States Cavalry Scouting in the Neighborhood of Fairfax Courthouse, Va 34 United States Gunboat Molutirk Chasing the Confeder ate Steamer Sprtty 252 United States Transport 7 <r/y/ Pushing her Way to the Assistance of General Pope at Island No. 10 08 V. Valley of the Chickahominy, Looking Southeast from the Vicinity of Meohauicsville Victory at Blue Ridge Pass, September 14th. 1802 View from the Intoriorof Fort Walker, Hilton Head, S. C. View of Rolla, Mo.. Taken from the Fort View of the Camp of the Twentieth Indiana Regiment; Also of Fort Hatteras, N. C View of the Town of Paducah, Ky View of Strasburg, Valley of the Sheiiaudoah Village of Clarksburg, Western Virginia. Headquarter! of General Rosecraus, . . 191 219 370 242 125 270 254 245 W. War in Georgia. The : Capture of Lost Mountain by General Hooker 421 Stevenson, Ala., Depot for General Rosecrans s Army 411 The Sixteenth Army Corps Fording the Chattahoo- chee 483 War in Louisiana, The : Army of General liauks Crossing Vermilion liayou. 410 Battle of Grand Coteau, November 3d. 1803 4112 Battle of Mansfield, April 8th, 1804 400 General Bimks s Army Crossing Cane River 418 General Franklin s Army Crossing the Prairie in Lafayette Parish, November 10th, 1801! 494 New Iberia 413 War in Mississippi, The : Defeat of Wirt Adams s Confederate Cavalry 478 General McPherson Driving tin; Enemy from their Position near Brownsville 487 General McPhersou s Army Crossing the Big Black at Messenger s Ferry. October 15th, 1803 410 General McPherson s Troops Foraging at the Con federate General Whitficld s Headquarters,: . . . 479 War in Tennessee, The: Capture of Missionary Ridge, November. 18(53. .450, 457 Confederate Massacre of Federal Troops after the Surrender of Fort Pillow, April 12th. 1804. . . . 401 Federal Pickets Approached by Confederates in Cedar Bushes near Chattanooga 407 General Hooker s liattle above the Clouds 408, 400 Lookout Mountain and its Vicinity , 480 War in Texas, The : Brownsville, Occupied by the Army under Major General N. P. Banks in 1K03 4ia War in Virginia, The : At the Battle of the Wilderness, May Oth, 1804 Waiting for the Enemy 404 Battery Captured by the Eighteenth Army Corps. . 396 Battle of Spottsylvania Courthouse. May 8th, 1804. 405 Hurnside s Corps Charging the Confederate Posi tion in Front of Petersburg 307 Caissons and Horses on the Field at Bristoe Station. 403 Capture of Three Confederate Guns by General Custer s Cavalry Brigade !)57 Carrying a Portion of Deaurcgard s Line in Front of Petersburg 420 Confederate Station near Bcvcrley Ford ; . . 412 Contrabands Coming into the Federal Camp 401 Discovering Unburled Federal Dead on the Old Battlefield of Hull Run 367 Explosion of a Torpedo under the Ovmmwlore Hartley, on Jatnes River, August 4th, 1803... 434 General Butler s Lines South of the James, Va. . . . 419 General Hooker s Army Marching past Mauassns. Va. 4?1 General Meade Recrossitig the Rappahannock before Lee s Advance 413 Hospital Scene after the Battle of Bristoe; Station . . 486 Railroad Bridge over the Rappahanhock Station. . . 470 Roemer s Battery, Third Division, Ninth Artiiy Corps, Shelling Petersburg 415 Sheridan s Great Battle with J. E. B. Stuart at Yel low Tavern, May llth, 1864 424. 425 Storming a Fort on the Right of the Confederate Line before Petersburg 437 The Twenty-second Colored Regiment, Duncan s Brigade, Carrying the First Line of Confed erate Works before Petersburg 437 War on the Red itiver. The : Admiral Porter s Fleet Passing through Colonel Bailey s Dam above Alexandria 402 Waterhouse s Battery before Vicksburg 363 Wharf Boat at Carrollton, 111.. Opposite Howesville, Ky. 275 Winter Quarters on the Rappahanuock 316 White House Landing, Pamuukey River, Va 142 INDEX TO HISTORY. A. Allatoona Pass, Capture of 498, 499 Antietam Creek. Battle of 474, 475. 47G Army of the Potomac Goes into Winter Quarters. .48], 482 Army of the Potomac, Movement of the. .494, 495, 49(i, 497 Atlanta Taken 498, 499 Averill. Brilliant Exploit of General 482, 483 B. Bauks s Attempt to Recover Texas 492, 494 Baton Rouge, Battle of 47(5. 477, 478 Beauregard Transferred to the West 463, 4G4, 405 Belmont, Battle of 461, 4(12, 463 Bentonville, Battle of 499, 500, 501 Big Bethel. Battle of 451, 452, 453 Bowling Green, Confederate Retreat from 4C>5, 46fi, Buchanan, Election of 449, Bull Kun, Battle of 459, 460, Bull Run, Second Battle of 469, 470, 471, Buruside Made Commander, Army of the Potomac, 474, 475 Butler at Bermuda Hundred 497, Bragg Evacuates Chattanooga. 482, Brave Drummer Boy. A 474. 475, Brown, Raid of John 449, Brown s Ferry, Capture of 485, 486, 487, 467 450 461 474 476 498 483 476 450 490 c. Call for Troops, Answering the 451, 452, 453 Carnifex Ferry, Battle at 461, 462, 463 Carthage, Engagement at 459, 460, 461 Charleston, Desolation of 490, 491 Charleston Taken 499, 500, 501 Chickamanga, Battle of 483, 484, 485 Cold Harbor, Battle of 497, 498 Columbus, Bombardment of 461, 462, 463 Conclusion 510, 511. 512 Confederacy, Formation of 449, 450 Confederacy, Great Britain Ignores the 491, 492 Confederate Government Made a Permanent One, 478. 479, 480 481 Confederate Government, President and Cabinet of, 478, 479, 480 481 Confederate Ram Arkanmn 476, 477, 478 Congress Authorizes the Raising of Troops and Money, 453, 454, 458 459 Congress, Extraordinary Session of 453, 454, 458, 459 Constitution, Amendments to the 510, 511, 512 Oorinth, Battle of 474, 475, 476 D. Dahlgren, Death of Colonel 494, 495, 496, 497 Davis and his Cabinet, Flight of 503, 506, 507 Davis Captured 503, 506, 507 Dpvis s Declaration 501, 502, 503 Destruction of the Albemarle 498, 499 Destructive Raid, A 497, 498 Donelson, Fall of 465, 466, 467 Dorothea L. Dix s Benevolence 453, 454, 458, 459 Draft Riots in New V- 482, 483 Dred Scott Case Decision 449, 450 E. Early s Invasion of Maryland 497, 498 Efforts to Secure Peace 501 , 502, 503 Ellsworth, Assassination of Colonel 451, 452, 453 Events Leading to the War 449, 450 Exchange of Prisoners 508, 509, 510 F. Jfarragnt s Bravery 499, 300, 501 Five Forks, Battle of 501, 502, 503 Floyd and Pillow, Cowardly Flight of 465, 466, 467 Fort Donelson, Assault on 465, 466, 467 Fort Gaiues, Capture of 499, 500, 501 Fort Hindmau, Capture of 478, 479, 480, 481 Fort Morgan, Capture of 499, 500, 501 Fort Pillow, Massacre at 492, 494 Forts Henry andHeiman, Siege and Capture of.. 463, 464, 465 Fort Sumter, Attempts to Take 490, 491 Fort Sumter, Bombardment, and Destruction of. . . .490, 491 Fort Sumter, Bombardment of 450, 451 Fort Sumter, Evacuation of 450, 451 Franklin, Battle near 482. 483 Fremont s Plan for Reaching New Orleans. . . .459, 460, 461 Fredericksburg. Battle of 474, 475, 476 G. Gaines s Mill, Struggle at 469. 470, 471, 474 Gallant Charge 481, 482 Galveston, Surrender of 476, 477, 478 Gettysburg, Battle of 481, 482 " Give Them the Cold Steel " 483, 484. 485 Glendale, Battle of 469, 470. 471. 474 Government Buildings at Harper s Ferrry. Burning of, 450 451 Government Resources, Condition of the 450, 451 Government Peculiar Position of the 508, 509, 510 Grant and Lee, Correspondence between 501, 502, 503 Grant in Command, Military Division of the Missis sippi 485,486,487, 490 Grant Made Lieutenant General 491, 492 Grant s Army before Petersburg 497, 498 Grant Takes Jackson 478, 479, 480, 481 Gosport Navy Yard, Loss of the 450, 451 Growing Antagonism of the North and South 449. 450 Guerrillas, The 474, 475, 476 H. Helena, Confederate Attack on 491, 492 Hooker Succeeds Burnside 474. 475, 476 Horrible Scene, A 491, 492 Hostilities Ended 503, 506, 507 I. Island No. 10, Capture of 465, 466, 467 luka, Battle of 474, 475, 476 J- Johnson and Congress, President 510, 511, 512 Johnston Succeeded by General J. B. Hood 498, 499 Johnston Surrenders to Sherman 503, 506, 507 K. Kautz s Raid, General 497, 498 Kea/rsa/rge and Alnbamn, The 499, 500, 501 Kilpatrick s Raid 494, 495, 496, 497 Knoxville Besieged 485, 486, 487, 490 L. Lawrence, Kalis., Massacre at 491, 492 Lee s Retreat 481, 482 Lexington, Siege of 461, 462, 463 Liberal Contributions .507, 508 Lincoln, Assassination of . . 503, 506, 507 Lincoln, Election of 449, 450 Lincoln s Inauguration 450, 451 Little John Clem and the Confederate Colonel. . 483, 484, 485 Lookout Mountain, Battle of 485, 486, 487. 490 Lyon, Death of General 459, 460, 461 M. Malvern Hill 469, 470, 471, 474 McClellan Appointed General in Chief 461, 462, 463 McClellan Seeks a New Position 469, 470, 471 474 McClellan s Hesitation 474, 475, 476 McPherson, Death of General James B 498, 499 McRae, Bravery of Captain 463, 464, 465 Mechanicsville. Battle of 469, 470, 471, 474 Mill Springs, Battle of 463, 464, 465 Missionary Ridge, Battle of 485, 486, 487, 490 Missouri, Events in 476, 477, 478 Missouri, War in 459, 460. 461 Mobile, Fall of 499, 500, 501 Monitor and Merrimac 463, 464, 465 Monster Gun, A 490, 491 Morgan s Raid 482, 483 Munfordville, Battle of 474. 475, 476 Murfreesborough, Battle of 476, 477, 478 N. Navy in the War, The 503, 506, 507 Negro in the War, The 507, 508 No Quarter " 492, 494 P. Pea Ridge, Battle of 4f,3, Perryville, Battle of 474, Petersburg, Fall of 501 , 1 etrfCs Mistake, The 453, 454, Pickeus, Speech of Governor .... Plotting for Disunion Polk, Death of Bishop Prairie Grove and Labadieville, Battle at 476, Preparations for Seizing the Capital 451, President and McClellan, Disagreement of the, 467, President s Call for Troops, The Price Driven into Arkansas 463, Price Invades Missouri Proclamation of Emancipation 478, 479. Putnam, Death of Colonel 464 475 465 476 502, 503 458, 459 450, 451 449, 450 498, 499 477, 478 452, 453 468, 469 450, 451 464, 465 492, 494 480, 481 490, 491 R. Rappahannock Station, Capture of 481, 482 Reconstruction Committee 510. 511, 512 Reorganization 510, 511, 512 Return of the Seceding States to the Union. . . .510, 511, 512 Richmond Captured 501 . 502, 503 Rich Mountain, Capture of 453, 454, 458, 459 Roanoke Island, Capture of 461, 462. 463 Rosecrans Driven Back to Chattanooga 483, 484, 485 Rosecrans s Supplies Cut Off 485, 486, 487, 490 s. Sabine Pass, Attempt to Capture 491, 492 Savage s Station, Conflict at 4jl >9, 470, 471, 474 Sedgwick, Death of General 494, 495, 496, 497 Shaw, Death of Colonel 490, 491 Sheridan s Ride 497, 498 Sherman Moves toward Atlanta .498, 499 Sherman s March to the Sea 498, 499 Sherman s Raid 492, 494 Hhiloh, or Pittsburg Landing, Battle of 465, 466, 467 Sick and Wounded, Care of 507, 508 Sixth Massachusetts Regiment Attacked by a Mob, 451, 452 453 Slavery Abolished by Congress 507, 508 Slavery Considered a National Institution 449, 450 Steele Takes Little Rock, General 491, 492 Southern People. The 508, 509, 510 Spottsylvania, Conflict at 494, 495, 496, 497 Stoneman B Raid 499, 500, 501 " Stonewall " Jackson 459, 460, 461 Streight, Expedition of General. 482, 483 Strong. Death of General 490, 491 Stuart s Raid 469, 470, 471, 474 Surrender of Lee s Army 501, 502, 503 Surrender, Terms of 501, 502, 503 T. Terrible Cannonade , . .482, 483 Terrible Loss of Life 494, 495, 496, 497 Thomas s Gallant Stand 485, 486 Treatment of Union Soldiers in Confederate Prisons, 508 510 Trent Affair 461, 462, 463 Two Noble Organizations 507, 508 u. Unconditional Surrender 485, 466, 467 Unfair Exchange, An 508, 509, 519 V. Vicksburg Batteries, Running by the 478, 479, 480, 481 Vicksburg, Efforts o Take 476, 477, 478 Vicksburg, Siege of 478, 479, 480, 481 Virginia Peninsula, Opening the Campaign in, 467, 468, 469 w. Wagner, Assault on Fort 490, 491 Washington, Critical Condition of 451, 452, 453 Western Virginia, War in 453, 454, 459 460 Winchester, Battle of 467, 468, 469 Wilderness, Battle of the 494, 495, 496^ 497 Williamsburg, Engagement at 467, 468, 469 Wilson s Creek, Battle of 459, 460, 461 Woman s Work in the War .453, 454 458, 459 THE CIVIL WAR OF 1861 65. NU&TBER OF MEN IN THE UNION ARMY FURNISHED BY EACH STATE AND TERRITORY, FROM APRIL 15. 18(51, TO CLOSE OF WAR. STATES AND TERRITORIES. NUMBER OF MEN FURNISHED. AGGREGATE REDUCED TO A THREE VEAB8 STANDING. STATES AND TERRITORIES. NUMBER OP MEN FURNISHED. AGGREGATE REDUCED TO A THREE YEARS STANDING. 2,55(5 8.280 15.725 4,903 56,864 12,284 1,290 1,611 7,836 15,725 3.697 50,633 10,322 1,290 New York 448,850 3,166 313.180 1.810 337,936 23,236 392,270 3.150 240,514 1,773 265,517 17,866 North Carolina . Ohio . . Oregon Connecticut Pennsylvania. .. Rhode Island Florida South Carolina Georgia . . . Tennessee . ... 31,092 1.965 33,288 26,391 1,632 29,068 Illinois . . 259.09- 214.133 153,576 68,630 18,706 70.832 4,654 56.776 41,275 124,104 80.111 19.693 545 80.530 2.175 1.080 30.849 57.908 Texas. Indiana 196,363 76,242 20,149 75,760 5,221 70,107 46.638 146.730 87,364 24,020 545 109,111 3,157 1,080 33,937 76,814 Vermont Iowa ... Virginia West Virginia 82,068 91,327 206 16,534 3.530 27,714 79,260 206 1,506 3.530 Louisiana . . Dakota District of Columbia Massachusetts Montana 6,561 4,432 Minnesota Utah . 964 964 Missouri U. S. Armv Nebraska U. S. Volunteers .11.789 2,326.168 93,441 2.778.304 New Hampshire . . Total The number of casualties in the volunteer and regular armies of the United States during the War of 1861 65 according to a statement prepared by the Adjutant General s Office, was as follows: Killed in battle. (57,058: died of wounds. 43,012 ; died of disease, 199,720: other causes, such as accidents, murder. Confederate prisons etc.. 40, 154 ; total died, 349,944: total deserted. 199.1(15. Number of soldiers in the Confederate service who died of wounds or disease (partial statement). 133.821. Deserted (partial statement). 104.428. Number of United States troops captured during the war. 212,608: Confederate troops captured, 476,11)9. Number of United States troops paroled on the field, 1(5,431 : Confederate troops paroled on the field, 248.599. Number of United States troops who died while prisoners, 30,15(1: Confederate troops who died while prisoners, 30.152. NAMES AND PLACFS OF BATTLES. PRINCIPAL BATTLES OF THE LATE CIVIL WAR. FEDERAL. COMMANDERS. KILLED, WOUNDED, PRISONERS. CONFEDERATE. CONFEDERATE. 1861. April 12 Bombardment Fort Suinter. Major Anderson General Beauregard no one hurt. 5 w. April 19 Riot at Baltimore Sixth Regiment Mass. Vols. . :! k. 7 w. 7k. and 8 w. June 10 Big Bethel. Va lirigadier General Pierce. . . Major General Magruder 1C. k. 34 w. (i in. no report July 5 Carthage. Mo Colonel Sigel* Generals Price and Jackson. . . . 13 k. 31 \v. 250 k. and w. July 12 Rich Mountain, \V. Va General McClellan* Colonel Pegrain 11 k. 35 w. 140 k. 150 w. July 21 Bull Run. Va General Irwiu McDowell... General Beauregard* 4.50(1 k. w. p. 28 c. . .481 k. 1,011 w. 700 p. - 1.852 k. and w. Aug. 10 Wilson s Creek. Mo General Lvon* Generals Price and McCulloch. . ...223k. 721 w. 292 m. . . .421 k. 1.317 \v. 3 m. Sept. 12 14. . Cheat Mountain. \\ . Va General J. J. Reynolds General R. K. Lee 13 k. 20 w. 60 p. .. ..100 k. and w. 20 p. Sept. 20 Lexington, Mo Colonel Mulligan General Price* . . .42 k. 108 w. 1,624 p. 25 k. 75 w. Sept. 21 Ball s Hluff. Va Colonel K. I). Baker General Evans* . ...220 k. 26(5 w. 500 p. 36 k. 204 w. 2 p. Nov. 7 Belniont, Mil General Grant* 84 k. 288 w. 285 in. . . ..2(11 k. 427 w. 278m. Nov. 7 Port R..yal. S. ( ( Commodore Dupont A: 1 l Gen. T. W. Sherman* \ General Dravton 8 k. 23 w. 250 p. * k. and w. no report. ) 1 2.500 p. 42 guns cap i Nov. 8 Piketon. Kv General Nelson* 6 k. 24. w. . .400 k. and w. 2.000 p. Dec. 18 Milford, Mo ( Colonel J. C. Davis and) j General Steele* i 2k. 17 w. 1.300 p. 1862. Jan. 19 Feb. 8 Feb. 8 Feb. 16 March 8. . . . March 14. . . March 23. . Mill Spring, Ky Roauoke Island, N. C Fort Henry. Tenn. .. Fort Donelson. Tenn. Pea Ri<: Ark. t ea Kidge. New Berne. N. C. Winchester. Va. . . General Thomas* i Coin. Goldsborough and / ( General Burnside*. . . \ Surrendered to Com. Koote. ( Commodore Foote and > / General Grunt* ) General Curtis* General Burnside*. General Shields*. . April 6 7. . . Pittsburg Landing Tenn. . . Generals Grant and Buell* . April 10 Island No. 10 May 5 Williamsburg. Va (Commodore Foote and i General Pope* (ieueral Zollicoffer 39. k. 207 w. General Wise 50 k. 150 w. General Tilghman General Buckner 44(1 k. 1.735 w. 150 p. Generals Van Dorn and Price 1.351 k w. and m. General Branch 91 k. 466 w. General T. J. Jackson 100 k. 400 w. Generals Johnston it Beauregard ;, f . ,,~. General Maekall. . 150 p., loss of camp. ( Beauregard s report. i Federal report. General Lvou killed. Colonel Baker killed. 70 wagons with stores ( and equipage. 192 k. 140 p General Zollicoffer kill d. ... .30 k. 50 w. 2.500 p. 231 k. 1.007 w. 15.000 p. 1,100k. 2.500 w. 1.600]). 50 k. 200 w. 200 p. . . .600 k. and w. 300 p. 1,728 k. 8,012 w. 959m. May 25 May 29 May 30 May 31 June 1 June 8 June 9 June 26 June 27 Jnly 1 August 5. . . . August 9. . . . August 22... August 27. . . August 29. .. August 30. . . Aug. 29-30.. Sept. 1 Sept. 14. ... Sept. 15... Sept. 17 Sept. 19 20. Oct. 3-5.... Oct. 8 Dec. 7 Dec. 13 Dec. 27 29 1868. Jan. 2 Jan. 11 Feb. 3. . May 1. Winchester, Va Hanover Courthouse, Va. Corinth, Miss Fair Oaks, Va Fair Oaks, Va Cross Keys, Va Port Republic, Va Chickahoniiny. Va Gaines s Mill, Va... < Generals Kearny ( Hooker* General Banks. . and General Morell*. .. General Halleck*. . General McClellau. .53 k. 526 m. General McClellan*. General Fremont. . . General Shields General McClellan*. . (ieneral Porter . . General Lougstreet 2,073 k. and w. 623 p. Generals Ewell & Johnson* General Branch .... General Beauregard General J. E. Johnston* 890 k. 3.627 w. 1 General J. E. Johnston 5.739 k. General T. J. Jackson* 125 k. General T. J. Jackson* i 67 k. 361 w. General R. E Lee.. . .80 k. 17 k. 6,300 p. ..700k. 1,000 w. 300 p. . . .400 ic. and w. 600 p. Malvern Hill, Va Baton Rouge, La Cedar Mountain, Va. . Gallatin, Tenn Kettle Run, Va. . General McClellan*... General Williams*. . . . General N. P. Banks*. .222 p. and w. 500 w. 574 m. 150 w. and m. and m. and m. and m. General Johnson (ieneral Hooker (Generals Hooker, Sigel, I < Kearny, Reno* j (ieneral Pope Groveton, Va Bull Run 2d Richmond. Ky Chantilly, Va". South Mountain, Md Harper s Ferry, 3 days siege Antietam, Md" luka, Miss Corinth, Miss Perryville, Ky Prairie Grove, Ark... Generals Blunt & Hernui.. Generals Manson <fe Cruft. . . General Pope Generals Hooker and Reno* Colonel Miles General McClellan* General Rosecrans* I Generals Ord, Hurlbut I and Veatch* i General Buell . . Fredericksbnrg. Va. Vickslmrg, Miss General Burnside. (ieneral Sherman . General R. E. Lee* 7.500 k. w. General R. E. Lee 1,000 k. w. General J. C. Breckinridge 250 k. w. General Jackson 1.500 k. w. General Morgan* 64 k. 100 w General Ewell 800 k. w. Generals Jackson <fe Longstreet 6,000 k. and w. General Lee* 800 k. 4,000 w. 3,000 p. General Kirby Smith* 200 k. 700 w. 2,000 p. General Lee* 1,300 k. and w. General Lee 443 k. 1,806 w. 76 m. General A. P. Hill* 80 k. 120 w. 11.583 p. General R. E. Lee 12.500 loss. General Price 135 k. 527 w. (Generals Price, Van Dorn: .. 315 k . j 8 i 2 w . 232 in. I and Lovell > Geuer.-l Bragg 3,200 k. w. and m. (Generals Ilindman. Marina- > , () - ^ (;oo w i duke. Parsons and Front.) General R. E. Lee* 1.512k. (1,000 w. 2.078 p. General Johnston*. . . .191 k. 982 w. 756 m. May 1 May 2 ... ; Stone River, Tenn General Rosecrans* . Fort Hindnmn, Ark. . .< Admiral Porter & (Jen-) i eral MeClernand*. ... Fort Donelson, Tenn Colonel Harding* Suffylk, Va Colonel Nixon* La Grange, Ark j Captain DeHuff Frederii-ksburg, Va. ..... | General Sedgwick 2,800 k. 3897 w. 8,000 k. and w. 600 k. and w. . . . .1.000 k. w. and m. 1.000 k. and w. About the same. Nearly 5.000 600 k. w. and in. 1,000k. 1.500 w. 200 p. | 110 k. and w. and m. ..800 k. and w. 1,000 p. 12,000k. w. and m. 700k. 3.000 w. 250 k. 500 w. 800 k. and w. 500 k. 2,343 w. 1.500 p. 1,500 k. and w. 15.000 loss. 263 k. 400 w. 600 p. 1,423k. 2.268 p. 5,C92w. 1,300 k. 3,000 w. 200 ji. 1,500 k. and w. 1.800 k. and w. no report. (6 forts. 65 guns, 17.500 I small arms captured. Generals McCulloch, Mclntosh and Slack killed. ( 6 forts captured. "(Confederate report. Federals retreated, 2,000 prisoners captured. Federals were driven back. General Williams killed. Confederates repulsed. General Johnson cap d. Kearuy and Stevens kd. General Reno killed. Colonel Milui killed. General Bragg 1,533 k. 6.000 w. 9,000 k. and w. 1.000 p. General Churchill 1.000 k. w. and m. ..550k. and w. 5.000 p. Generals Wheeler and Forrest 12 k. 20 w 100 k. 400 w. 300 p. 130 k. 718 w. 5 m 1.500 k. w. and m. 2,000 k. w. ami m General Longstreet* 2,000 k. and w. | Confederu es repulsed. * Indicates the victorious party. PRINCIPAL BATTLES OF THE LATE CIVIL WAR- (Continued). DATES. NAMES AND PLACES OP BATTLES. COMMANDERS. KILLED, WOUNDED, PRI8ONKB8. REMARKS. FEDERAL. CONFEDERATE. FEDERAL. CONFEDERATE. . General E. E. Lee General Johnston ..15.000k. &w. 17,000 p. 40 k. 240 w 6 m 18,000k. and w. 5,000 p 400 k and w 29 cannon captured. 17 cannon captured. Cavalry fight Rear guard Johnston s army. Longstreet wounded. 2 Confederate generals, 30 guns captured. Johnston flanked. McPherBon killed. 150 guns captured. Mav 12 Jiu-kwon Miss (it neral Grant* . Lli t T * May 14 May 16 May 18 22. . . May 27 Champion Hills, Miss liig Black River, Miss General Grant* General Pemberton . 426 k 1 842 w. General Pemberton 29 k 242 w 2 600 k w and m General til-nut. Admirals I Porter and Farragut. > General Pemberton* .2,500 loss Port Hudson Milliken s B ul La ... General Gardner* General McCulloch 900 k. w. and m. . . .127 k. 287 w. 157 m. 600 k. w. and m. 200 k 500 w General Thomas* June 9 Juuo 14 June 20 July 1-23.. July 4 Julv 4 Beverly Vonl, Vn Generals Buford and Gregg* General Milroy (Generals J. E. B. Stuart and> 380 k. w. and m. 750 k. w. and m. General Ewell* 2,000 k w and m General Rosecraus* General Meade* General Grant* General Bragg General R. E. Lee General Pemberton < Generals Price, Holmes and > 85 k. 468 w. 13m. total loss 23,198 . .245 k. 3,688 w. 303 p. 250 k. \v. and m. 1,634 p. no report k. t t w. total loss 37 000 9,000k. andw. 30,000 p. ..500 k. and w. 1,000 p. 4 000 p 1 (Vlmm. Ark . . General Preutiss* General Grant* General Joseph E. Johnston * Julv 8 Port Hudson surrenders .... Fort Wagner, 8. C General Banks* General Gardner 5 500 p July 18-19.. Sept 9 General Gillmore General Burnside* General Beauregard* General Fraz er 700 k. w. andm. 500 k. 331 w. 2 000 p Sept. 19-20.. Sept. 14 Dec. 4 Dec. 23-25.. Dec. 25 Dec. 27 rhiokamauga Bristow Station, Va Knoxville, Tenn General Rosecrans General Bragg*. . ... 1. 1144 k. 9,262 w. 4,945m. 51 k. 329 w 17.000 k. w. and m. 1 200 k and w 800 p General Warren* General Burnside* General Grant* General A. P. Hill General Longstivet 1 600 p General Bragg General Bragg 4,000k. and w. 16,000 k. w. and m. Missionary Kidge General Hooker* General Hooker* General Meade* . General Hardee 800 k. w and m 300 i) Dec 27-30 General Lee General Forrest 1,000 k. w. and m. 14 k. 46 w. 2.5(1(1 k. \v. and p. 1.000 k. and w. 2 000 p 1864. March 5. ... Pmlnrah. Kv Colonel Hii-ks* April 8-9. ... April 17-20.. May 5-7 Mansfield, La Plymouth NO. General Banks* General Kirby Smith . . 500 k. and w. 1 500 p General Wcssclls. General Hoke* .150 k 1 700 p 1 500 k and w Wilderness, Va General Grant General Lee loss 30.000 loss 30 000 May 5 7 .... May 12 May 12-1 5. . May 13-15. . May 25 -28. .. June 1 June 15 18 Spottsylvania, Va General Grant Spottsylvania Va General Grant. General Lee General Lee General Beauregard. loss 10,000 loss 10,000 4 000 p Fort Darling Va . . . General Butler* ."> 000 k w and in Kesaea, Ga General Sherman* Dallas Ga . . General Sherman* General Joseph K. Johnston 700 k 2 SOO \v General Longstreet General Lee* 1.KOO k. and w. .l.OOO k \v and m . .:*() p. 4,000 k. and w. H 000 k w and m Cold Harbor Va . General Grant Pptprslmrp. YJI General Grant General Lee* loss 10 000 June 22 Wplrlon M. It. Vn, . General ATeade General Lee* 1100 k. and w. 1 250 p Julie 27 Kenesaw Mountain, Ga General Johnston 1 000 k and w July 9 General Early*. . . 1 000 k and w July 20 Peach Tree Creek, (ia General Sherman* General Hood (ieneral Hood 1,713 k. w. and in. 5,000 k. and w. 1.000 p. 10 000 k and w July 27-30... Aug. 5 -20 . . . Aug. 15-18.. Aug. 19 Aug. 25 Aue 31. General Lee* (General Page and Admiral 1 5.000 k. w. and m. 120 k. 88 w. 1.200 k. w. and m. 1 no report k. and w. > f Admiral Farratmt and l General Granger*...., General Lee* loss 4 000 loss 5011 Six Mile Station, Va Weldou 11. K.. Va Atlanta, Ga Hunker Hill, Va Fisher s Hill Ironton, Mo General Warren* General Grant General Sherman* General Picket! General Lee* General Hood General Early 3,000k. and w. 1.000 k. and w. 3,000 p. 50 k. 50 in. 439 w. 3 000 k and w 1,500 p. 1 ,500 k and w. 5,000 k. and w. l Confederates repulsed. 500 k. 4,000 w. 2,500 p. Rhodes & Gordon killed. . .400 k. and w. 1.100 p. Federals captured 16 1.500 k. and w. pieces artillery, o HOO k and w Sept, 19 Sept. 21 Sept. 2(i General Sheridan* General Fwing* General Early General Price (ieneral Lee* 1100 k. and \v. . k. ( ,0 \v. 5 000 k and w Sept. 29-30.. Oct. 19 Oct. 20 Oct 27 General Early General Price General Lee* General Hood ... 4,000 k. and w. 1.300 p. 2.000 p. 1.000 k. and w. ..400 k. 1.500 w. 150m. 189 k. 1.033 w. 1.104 m. 2,800 k. and w. 1.300 p. 900 k. 3,800 p. 1,600 k. \v. and m. 1.750 k. 3,800 w. 702 p. 3 000 k w and m Generals Marmaduke <t Cabell captured. (ieneral Johnson capt ured and 47 guns. Fort and 72 guns capt ured. All of Early s guns. All Lee s artillery capt d. Forrest, Rhoddy capt d. Richmond captured. Gens. Ewell, Kershaw, Corse it Cnstis Lee capt. 32 guns captured. 14 guns. This was the last en gagement of the Civil War. Niiu s Creek. Mo TTn.t<*her s Rmi. Va. . General Pleasonton*. Nov 80 Frauklin Tenu .... General Sohotield* Dec. 15. . . . Nashville Tenn General Thomas* General Hood 1865. Jan. 15 Fort Fisher . . General Terrv* 110 k 53(1 w 440 k and w 2 500 p Jan. 20-22.. Feb. 27 Feb 27 Wilmington, N. C Admiral Porter & Gen-> I eral Schofield* i General Sheridan* General Schofield* . General Bragg 250 k and w 1 072 p Waynesborough, Va Kinston. N. C . . General Early . . 5 k 1 352 p General Bragg loss 1 000 1.200 k. and w. 2,400 p. 327 k 373 p Feb. 27 Avervshoronedt. N. C < General Sherman . . . General Johnston March 19. . . . March 25 27. April 1... Bentouville. N. C . . . . General Sherman* General Johnston loss 1 646 1(17 k 1 6 9 5 p Petersburg, Va Generals Grant and Meade*. T,. T-. i -IT Generals Sheridan and Five Forks, va. . General Lee General Lee .180 k. 1,240 w. 990 m. loss 3,000 2,200 k. and w. 2,800 p. 5,000 p i \\ arreu" i April 2 Selma. Ala General Wilson* General Forrest ... 3 000 p April 2-3.... April 6 Petersburg & Richmond.. . Farmville & Sailor s Creek. . Appoinattox C. H General Grant*. . . General Lee .8,000 k. w and m 9 000 k w and m 6 000 p April 9 Surrendered to Gen. Grant* ( Admiral Thatcher and) ^ General Canby ) General Lee 26 115 p April 11 April 12 ... April 12 April 26 May 1 May 4 Fort Blakely, Mobile. General Taylor 2,000 k. and w. ..500 k. and w. 4,300 p. ! . . .2 700 p Montgomery, Ala Surrendered to Gen. Wilson. General Stoueman* Salisbury, N. C Surrender of J. E. Johnston Surrender of Gen. Morgan. Surrender of Gen. Taylor. . Tallahassee, Fla General Gardner 1 800 p General Sherman* 27,500 p General Hobson* .1,200 p. 10 000 p May 10 May 10 May 10 May 26 Surrendered to Gen. McCook Colonel Barrett. Admiral Jones 70 k. 8 000 p Palmetto Ranch, Tex. General Slaughter .70 k. Capture of Jefferson Davis) at Irwinsville, Ga >~ Surrender of Gen. K. Smith . . .20,000 p. * Indicates the victorious party. In addition to the battles given above, there were 421 battles, engagements and skirmishes. TOTAL NUMBER OF TROOPS CALLED INTO SERVICE FROM THE NORTHERN STATES DURING THE CIVIL WAR. PRINCIPAL NAVAL BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAK. 1862, Feb. 6 Fort Henry, Tenn., captured by Commodore Foote. Feb. 8 Roanoke Island, N. C., captured by Commodore Goldsborough and Gen eral Burnside. Feb. 16 Fort Donelson, Teen., combined forces o. General Grant and Commo dore Foote. Mar. 8 Confederate ram Jferrimac sinks United States frigates Cumberhintl and Congress, Hampton Roads, Va. Mar. 9 Federal Monitor disables the Mem mac. Apr. 6 Pittsburg Landing. Apr. 8 Capture of Island No. 10. Apr. 11 Fort Pulaski, Ga., captured by land and naval forces. Apr. 24 Forts Jackson, St. Philip, and New Orleans. May 13 Natchez, Miss., captured by Admiral Farragut. July 1 Malvern Hill. 1863, Jan. 11 Fort Hindman, Ark., Admiral Porter. Jan. 11 United States steamer Hattera* sunk by Confederate Alabama. Jan. 17 Monitor Weehfiwken captures Confederate ram Atlanta. May 18 Vicksbnrg, Miss., Admiral Porter. July 8 Port Hudson, Miss., captured. July 8 Natchez. Miss. NUMBER DATE OF PRESIDENT S PROCLAMATION-. CALLED FOR. PERIOD OF SERVICE. NUMBER OBTAINED. April 15th, 1861. . .. .. 75000 3 months. 3 years. 3 months. 3 years. 9 months. 6 months. 2 years. 3 years. 100 days. 1, 2, 3 yrs. 1, 2, 3 yrs. 93,326 714,231 15,007 431.958 87,588 16,361 374,807 284,021 83,652 384,882 204.568 May 3d. 1861 . . . 82 748 ) July 22d and 25th, 1861 500.000 ) Mav and June, 1862.. July 2d, 1862 . 300 000 August 4th, 1862 ... 300 000 June 15i!i 1863. ... 100000 October 17tl >. 1863 . 300 000 ) February 1st, 1864 200 000 \ March 14th, lK6t 200000 April 23d, 1864 85 000 Julv 18th, 1864 500000 December 19th, 1864 300 000 Total : 2942748 2,690.401 1864, June 19 United States steamer Kearsarf/e sinks the Alabama off Cherbourg. France. Aug. 5 Mobile. Ala.. Admiral Farragut. 1865. Jan. 15 Fort Fisher, N. C., captured by General Terry and Commodore Porter. During the Civil War the Federal Navy was increased in two years to over 400 vessels, the greater part of which were used in blockading Southern ports. Not including the militia brought into service during the invasions of General Lee into Maryland and Pennsylvania. BIOGRAPHY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth President of the Fnited States, born in Hard in County, Ky., February 12th, 1809: died in Washington, D. C., April loth, 18C5. His father, Thomas Lincoln, remained in Kentucky until 1810, when he resolved to remove to the still newer country of Indiana, and settled in u rich and fertile forest country near Little Pigeon Creek, not far distant from the Ohio River. The family suffered from diseases incident to pioneer life and Mrs. Lincoln died in 1818 at the age of thirty-five. Thomas Lincoln, while on a visit to Kentucky, married a worthy, industrious and intelligent widow named Sarah Hush .Johnston. She was a woman of admirable order and system in her habits, and brought to the home of the pioneer in the Indiana timber many of the comforts of civilized life. The neighborhood was one of the roughest. The President once said of it : " It was a wild region, with many bears find other wild animals still in trie woods, and there were some schools, so called ; but no qualification was ever required of a teacher beyond readin , writiu and cipherin to the rule of three. There was absolutely nothing to excite ambition for education. But in spite of this the boy Abraham made the best use of the limited opportunities afforded him, and learned all that the half-educated backwoods teacher could impart ; and besides this he read over and over ail the books lie could find. By the time he was nineteen years of age he had acquired a remarkab u, clear and serviceable handwriting, and showed sufficient business capacity to bo intrusted with a cargo of farm products, which he took to New Orleans and sold. In 1830 his father emigrated once more to Macon County, 111. Lincoln had by this time attained his extraordinary stature of six feet four inches, and with it enormous muscular strength, which was at once put ut the disposal of his father in building his cabin, clearing the field and splitting from the walnut forests, which were plentiful in that country, the rails with which the farm was fenced. Thomas Lincoln, however, soon deserted this new home, his last emigration being to (loose Nest Prairie, in Coles County, where he died in 1861, seventy-three years of age. In his last days he was tenderly cared for by his son. Abraham Lincoln left his father s house as soon as the farm was fenced and cleared, hired himself to a man named Denton Offiitt, in Sangamon County, assisted him to build a flatboat, accompanied him to .New Orleans on a trading voyage, and returned with him to New Salem, where Offtitt opened a store for the sale of general merchandise. Little was accomplished in this way. find Lincoln employed his too-abundant leisure in constant reading and study, lie learned during this time the elements of F/nglish grammar, and made a beginning in the studv of surveying and the principles of law. But the next year an Indian war began, occasioned by the return of Black Hawk with his band of Sacs and Foxes from Iowa to Illinois. Lincoln volunteered in a company raised in Sangamon County, and was immediately elected captain. His company was organized at Kichland, April 21st, 1832; but his service in command of it was brief, for it was mustered out on May ~Tth. Lincoln immediately re-enlisted as a private, and served for several weeks in that capacity, being finally mustered out on June ](3th, 1832. by Lieutenant Robert Anderson, who afterward commanded Fort Sumter at the beginning of the Civil War. lie was appointed postmaster of New Salem in 1833 an office which he held for three years. The emoluments of the place were very slight, but it gave him opportunities for reading. At the same time he was appointed deputy to John Calhoun, the county surveyor : and his modest wants being supplied by these two functions, he gave his remaining leisure unreservedly to the study of law and politics. He was a candidate for the legislature in August, 1834, and was elected this time at the head of the list. He was re-elected in 1830, 1838 and 1840, after which he declined further election. After entering the legislature he did not return to New Salem ; but having by this time attained some proficiency in the law, he removed to Springfield, where he went into partnership with John T. Stuart, whose acquaintance he had begun in the Black Hawk war and continued at Vandalia. He took rank from the first among the leading members of the legislature. In 1840 he was elected to Congress, his opponent being the Rev. Peter Cartwright. After his return from Congress he devoted himself with great assiduity and success to the practice of law, and speedily gained a commanding position at the bar. In 1800 he was nominated for the Presidency on the third ballot by the Chicago Convention over William II. Seward, who waa his principal competitor. The Democratic Convention, which met in Charleston, S. C.. broke up after numerous fruitless ballotingg, and divided into two sections. The Southern half, unable to trust Mr. Douglas with the interests of slavery after his Freeport speech, first adjourned to Richmond, but again joined the other half at Baltimore, whore a second disruption took place, after which the Southern half nomi nated John C. Breckiundge, of Kentucky, and the Northern portion nominated Mr. Douglas. John Bell, of Tennessee, was nominated by the so-called Constitutional Union party. Lincoln, therefore, supported by the entire anti-slavery sentiment of the North, gained an easy victory over the three other parties. He was inaugurated President of the United States, Marcli 4th, 1801. His election by a sectional vote and on a sectional issue hostile to the South was followed by the secession of eleven Southern States and a war for the restoration of the Union. On January 1st, 1863, the President proclaimed the freedom of all slaves in the Confederate States, arid was re-elected to the Presidency in 1861. The war was brought to a close, April 2d, 1805, and on the 15th of the game mouth, while attending a performance of " Our American Cousin " at Ford s Theatre, Washington, he fell by the hand of an assassin. v>. c \ v /vr "-v***- "Vv " -/ ^k ^S^d sWiv "vjWSP S _^^ / , / ,flOl . A O^fsr . . / r;i\ V. /.. . li ^^^^-iS m <<%.> vmfli : -&-*i S, wi v^j SM^S- f >; A^^^^l fe,R5^ is; i II * s 6 S SC _. 3 a > B a- a 1 3 * O 09 ft : r 1 s> z; o 2. |-=f| Cj 3 ~ ^ 2.crq OQ o r: M o M o 3 *"d EM* r/i Si CO a 3 g 8 -o. .11 g ffo 1 HI. ""^ *^ O ^- -- c& S ^3 o 2 w P- 5^ *il 3 *^ . 3 C^ f^ CO ~ , -" J" ^-.3" 3 W gOQ CD ^ ri w -So , C CO "" B W* ^ i-j O h^ X *%i _<1 CD O H W M 3 2, 2 P S~cT H r* _ M U sis-- -^ CD SC ^ -3 GO ^^ M =tcr S 2 Q CD 3 ^ 00 ST. O O r" 2^ E- 3 O ^J Iff Q Bb 00 3 O ~ o 2.2. ri LIEUTENANT GENERAL WINFIELD SCOTT, General Scott was born near Petersburg, Va., in 1786; was educated for a lawyer and admitted to the bar at the age of twenty. \Vhen the War of 1812 broke out he was appointed captain of artillery, thus beginning a military career unparalleled in brilliancy and success. Before long he became lieutenant colonel and was sent to the Niagara frontier. For his gallant services there he was promoted to the rank of major general, the nighest then known in the American Army. His exploits in Mexico, in our war vith that country, are too familiar to need repetition, llis conduct of that war elicited from the veteran Wellington the declaration that that campaign was unsurpassed in military annals. Although gave his services to the North in the Civil War, and was commander in chief of the army during the summer of 18b l his winters in New tfork and his summers at West Poiut. lie died May 29th. 1866. Although born in the South, General Scott After his resignation he spent COLONEL ELMER E. ELLSWORTH. THE MURDER OF COLONEL ELLSWORTH AT THE MARSHALL HOUSE, ALEXANDRIA, VA., MAY 24Tn, 1861. Colonel Ellsworth was passing the Marshall House in Alexandria, Va., when he saw a Confederate flag waving above it. On the spur of the mo raent he entered the hotel, and ascending to the roof with two or three friends, cut the halyards and took possession of the flag. As he descended the tairs he was fired at by James W. Jackson, proprietor of the hotel. Colonel Ellsworth fell to the ground, mortally wounded. FOliT SUMTKIt, CHAKLKSTo CASTLE PINCKNEY, CHARLE.ST Sumteri " hose pture by the Confederate soldiers marked the real beginning of the Civil War, was built on an artificial island, immediately . r , L iftyfeet in height, and from eight to ten feet in thickness, and were pierced for three tiers of guns, besides necessary k| ifiKne s a small fort on the southern extremity of Shnte * Folly Island, in Charleston harbor, S. C. Though it was not in itself formidable, i(- ich were about seven feet above low-water mark, and the upper being en barbette. The armament of the Castle consisted of about f brick masonry the I.KBOli, SOUTH CAROLINA, 1801. HRBOR, SOUTH CAROLINA, 1861. le mouth of Charleston Bay, 8. G. It took ten years to build, and cost half a million of dollars. The fortification was of a pentagonal form, built of solid musketry, and designed for an armament of 140 pieces of ordnance of all calibres. ii gave it great local importance, as it commanded the whole line of the eastern wharves. It had two rows of guns, the lower being in bombproof Casemates ire pipros, 24- and 32-pounders, a few seacoast mortars and six columbiads. W A -^ff Illl - \ } s cr s o re o o O o O O o 2 ra ~ x o ill ^=.ST a ^ tc ^H CD Q g a S~ "^ C E ,3 2 GC 13 o s= X ^ CD s ^ o rD < J~- t> r- O 04 -ira J3 CO S = _ w P 2 ^ S c" 5- ^ ^ S S "3 H o 5 <". o i = P ^ H s; 5 a co S H ^ rfjo 12; III I CTQ ^ nn i -.^ <-- 03 c~ *ro 2 K &1 ^ re 3 tr Pffl y o ^ H MQ Q S c 3 S 32. Q c t S jf ^ B CT5 o, r^ ^ p S. H I . s ,_, t" 2 M ^ g s.1 ^ ~5 Q CO ll I I sr 2 o" -o co I ? la Ct C t SO rt; CS? 11" &s c o ^S g I to u II 2 >, S3 O w O 1-5 O O o - 3 -- o w Q PH "C I s II S.c o S3 ~ 8 . QQ o a .8-gJI s> ? t O " c , i-H &C C h 4) IB "if S sTs O S t. H r o S 5 3 W S O a S3 S3 <! W t> 00 01 I o "j oo Is a o .-i fee to 00 S S * o 5 ^ fe S3 ta - @ O > 05 0) CO <- a: C QJ C c T3 =5 0*3 <x> o c a o !~s ^13i3 - fe S5 ^52 ^-> a X J ^Sj "3 . ^ c S 3 O .2^2 b O = - c o .sl ft it? =:--. CD - O crq 2- _. O 5\~- - * PS P o M, H f -* o td UQ " 2 " ^ "" M 2 _ O 3g B 03 CD i Q B S-L ! cr *FS -I = 1 S, 1 ^ O co <rt- O . 00 - - CD ^ S CD 3 5^ >i =" ^ S H ^- 3 * tt S g-S. bs OS i^ CD * p L B ,, r 15 to ^ CTQ v^^ /s o . g, p ^3 ^_ I< CD ^ 5*3 3 CD t- g. E o O M, -! O o g p CD rt f" O -I 3 a rfe 5<7 8 Ic " 5 ^ 2. 5 33] o" o "i U* O o Ho - H o 8- 2 ji a 3 o C CO -- -J. x- S ^3- 2 ^ fU *H | ^ X 2 co ^ 5-^ H 2 ^ O Z f O . ta H 8> 3 o -. 2 3 o a I 2 3 it^f Ml Kl s. 1 I . S B | s I i O CQ c5 < "S S ": - 8 I K "^ O | J 1 rj W rj ai S H 3 B -o 8 -s.s 2 >.bD S c >" .S C g .25 H i- c 02 w H H 2s .5 I" 3 S-s .0 a. 3 It OPTS fflC w; #tj , , -Hr I i * s*r^#TO WSr/"y>. . \i /y. 9 a o 1 II 5 (C -w M =5 i 1.2 M S 3 S s^ :i H .53 P if -s d -*^> CO r- M <3 I I! H "c^ 02 -U * 3 * W b,= M w N O a: a. =3 .E 5= J= cc S * B o Oi 1 1 H H O2 S H OS O 5 5, o ri: 11 5 w o r W CO tS cs <C *J t- H^ C .2 E r^ C ^ S fs- j ca - < I S 8. 33 3 en? r. p is. 2 o O 3- -f r* tT* 2 ST2, = S n ^ O si a. 2 n> 3 3 O O .o T3 p a_ 5" 2 3 i E0S 01 oi 2 O - C8 bo jj " bo O S * 0-! K ^- sH ^ H - (T O O fl~.0 m H 6 w w 5 2 S 2 *:S !? l^l *- 153 ^^ K bc;i . .5 X be * 53 ^ S ^ cS S 5-3^1 lis a? * M o M p^ O t ^-i 81 s ^d 0? (D OO ^3 > >-, I *" " ~ 00 C rH rt r-H "- 2 fs S a> e B C.S 2 3-a.S P2E-5 S72 &^ . * * I &a f " 5 ^ SP 2 ^ S*, a, ID ^j o I8P|- - !"< 33 QJ O S *- O ~ >.s -"SPN _, *.* **? 01 " *^ 53 CO t-H C O -r> 2 a 2 ^S|1 s o> * OM M ^3 f^ M ^2 -", |.s-s^ S ber3 S-s 8 - p . C o 3 j- o o,^ a* -= ., p - 1 ^ a) es^_ T3 o> 2 C^^ | < o *" " C KH t- S ^3 tC 0)^3-3^ S SS . bo III GENERAL WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN. General Sherman was born in Ohio in 1818, was educated for the army at West Point, and received a commission as first lieutenant in 1841. At the breaking out of the war he was appointed colonel of in fantry, and was in the battle of Bull Bun. Eaised to the rank of brigadier general, lie succeeded General Anderson in the Department of Ohio, from which he was removed for declaring that it would require 200,000 men to hold Kentucky. After his famous march to the sea he moved north, capturing the most important Confederate positions, and by cutting off the resources of General Lee compelled the evacuation of Richmond and the surrender of Lee, April 9th, 1805. General Sherman died on February 14th, 189L 3!) THE BATTLE OF RICH MOUNTAIN, BEVERLY PIKE, VA., BETWEEN A DIVISION OF MAJOR GENERAL MjCLELLAN S Upon the arrival of General McClellan s troops on the Beverly Pike, which rims along the summit of Rich Mountain, a heavy fire was opened u] Ine enemy, mistaking this movement, rushed from their breastworks with a shout and approached the road. The Federals then firei Lne Confederates we-e soon driven up the hill, over their breastworks, find completely routed, The battle continued fnr an hour and a half from the first 40 VND, LED BY GENEBAL EOSECEANS, AND THE CONFEDERATE TEOOPS UNDEK COLONEL PEGEAM, JULY HTH, 1861. n, i\\e Confederates firing shot, shell and grape, but so wildly that little damage was done. The Federal troops dropped flat, and deployed as skirmishers, t terrific and destructive volley, and rushed up the slope into the enemy s ranks with fixed bayonets. The fight now raged promiscuously all over the hill. ist aho . , B It 3 < S - <- , j^j ~ cc 3 K be *r, ;: " 5 s I pH X o> P5 ^ B Mi (H W H go -^ s 5 5 II O 3^ l.a> 00 S ^s H I" $Z o - r-1 fe O g -. O *^ s * ii l s / y/ *t P W - * S a > g 13 O o> p. I o o m B c o a 3 -s.2 60 1 "Z. "E. 02 N-H s o w . s . B O a: B W .. C p- p c 0) r 5 fli - " o *_- -3 o g M is o 2 O CS M |S . Ea M) RESCUE MARINES FROM THE FOUNDERING STEAMER "GOVERNOR," Wliil In-ill^ used -is a transport, oil Cape Hatteras, November ;>d, 1861, the steamer (, orernoi; Commander Phillips, foundered in the rough Those onboard a battalion of marines under Major Keynolds, were transferred with great difficulty to the tiabme. 1 he Governor was a Kidewhed steamer of O.V) tons burden. She was built in New York city in 1840.. and was originally intended for river navigation. KXPLOSION OF A SHELL IN THE CUTTER OF THE UNITED STATES STEAMER "NIAGARA," NOVEMBER to, 1861. Few incidents in the war displayed more courage and coolness than the action of Fog Boatswain A W Pomeroy of the .United I States frigate Niagara, in burning the Confederate brig Nonsuch near New Orleans. After setting the vessel on fire the Federal sai bra ueie P"8 j^ Niagara, when a shell struck the boat, throwing two of the officers in the wate,. The men were saved by a cutter dispatched GENERAL GEORGE B. McCLELLAN. General George B. McClellan was born in Philadelphia in December, 1826. He was graduated from West Point in 1846, and joined the army as second lieutenant of engineers, to take an active part in the Mexican War, where he distinguished himself in the battles of Contreras, Ghurubusco, Molino del Rey and Chapultepec, and was promoted to a captaincy. At the breaking out of the Civil War he was appointed major general of Ohio militia, but soon afterward was made major general of the army. After a successful campaign in Western Virginia he was made commander in chief, and reorganized the Army of the Potomac. Being opposed to the extreme war party, he was superseded by General Burn- side. In 1804 he was the Democratic candidate for the Presidency. He died in 1885. 03 <B c 3 tC -2 be .. a: C >"v-C > E ~ S "O TJ s a> < 0. r-J cog |.sl ~ ba l-i = o c t- 2 0} ^* ^ ^ c pH . O p^ C^ oT o 1 rrt CS O> S e P3 ss I CO S3 03 H H O2 J= =S o _ bo 08 c3 ce 3 J3 S " to O S W TJ*" 5 H c 52 "5 o IP O = S no 5? "- H- " r ~" ! * g *s* HH t-^, CO B rt ^^^| . *-< IB -S C a) co be T3 >>.* t E . 2 Q ^^ W _S r- C O <" o . ? - O -O -^ " rg ta co aj p .2 S " , CD C Q> -S CD -S "&c,S O gr;|2 M CO H "- 1 ^ H ft W 03 M g C oc EC P W CO CO - ci "^ o C3 ^ O ^ - s s g-SS B 2" CD CD "* i- 7 - T> a f oT w H -5 ^ CJ -~ CD gs-s <5 O CD - c c CD O -^ ii .5 be be C2 H cs 2 W W H co CO ft H S i I CO OO *~-~ J-. C OJ O CD C 03 . P3 rt w P K H "" CD - g S 5 c -a c CO "^ -CD " <j 00 S T? ^ ,jj c S CK ^O 5 CD ^ ., , ^ *-> ^ 1*CD c 03 a> O " 3 O =? S^ a . CD O BRIGADIER GENERAL J. S. NEGLEY. General Negley was born in East Liberty, Pa., December 20th, 1S2U. He enlisted as a private and served in the Mexican \Va"r. In April, 1801, he was commissioned brigadier general of volunteers ; served in Alabama and Tennessee with the Army of the Ohio : and at the battle of Lavergne, October 7th, 1802. was in command, defeating the Confederates under Generals Anderson and Forrest. He was promoted major gen eral for gallantry at Stone River, and at the battle of Chickamanga held Owen s (Jap. He settled in Pittsburg after the war, and represented that city in Congress. MA.JOR GENERAL 1RWIN M< DO WELL. Major General McDowell was born in Ohio, October 15th, 1818 , graduated from West Point in 1838. He held several military posi tions until the breaking out of the war, when he was given com mand of the Army of the Potomac. On account of the loss of the battle of Bull Run, for which he was held responsible, he was super seded in the command by General McClellan, and given charge of the First Corps of the Army of the Potomac. GENERAL W. S. ROSECRANS. Brigadier General Rosecrans was born in Ohio, September 6th, 1810, and was graduated from West Point in 1842. He received a commission as brigadier general in the regular army, May 10th, 1861, antf took the field, with command of a provisional brigade under General McClellan in Western Virginia. His first important action was that of Rich Mountain, which lit won on July llth, 1861. 54 MAJOR GENERAL DON CARLOS UUELL. Major General Buell was born in Ohio, March 23d, 1818 ; grad uated from West Point. 1841, as brevet second lieutenant of in fantry ; served in the Florida War, 1841- 42 ; on frontier duty, 1843- 45 ; made first lieutenant in June, 1846, and captain the fol lowing September. In 1861 he was made brigadier general and placed; at the head of the Department of the Ohio, succeeding tiem-ral Sherman. Upon assuming command of the Army of the Ohio he succeeded, with Grant, in gaining for the Federals the battle of Shiloli. FORT PK KENS, ON SANTA ROSA ISLAND, PENSACOLA BAY, FLA. Fort Piokcns is a bastioned work of the first class. Its walls are forty-live feet in height by twelve in thickness. It is embrasured for two tiers of guns, which are placed under bombproof casemates, besides having one tier of guns en barbette. The guns from the work radiate to every point of the horizon, with flank and enfilading fire, at everv angle of approach. The work was commenced in 1828, and finished in 18515 at a cost of nearly one million dollars. When on a war footing its garrison consists of 1, MO soldiers. The total armament of the work, when complete, con sists of 210 guns, 63 of which are iron 42-pounders. SPIKING THE GUNS OF FORT MOULTRIE BY MAJOR ANDERSON, BEFORE ITS EVACUATION, DECEMBER 26m, 1860. Toward the middle of December it became evident, from the magnitude of military operations going on, and other indications, coupled with significant threats in the South Carolina Convention and out of it, that an occupation of Castle Pinckney and Fort Sumter was meditated. Major Anderson decided to anticipate the South Carolinians in their contemplated manoeuvre. Accordingly, on the night of December 26th, at the very time the South Carolina Commissioners had arrived in Washington to demand the surrender of the forts, he evacuated Fort Moultrie, after spiking the guns and providing for the destruction of their carriages and other material by fire, and with the aid of three small vessels successfully trans ferred hia little command to Fort Sumter. Sfi BATTLE OF BULL RUN, VA., JULY 21s T , 1861, BETWEEN THE FEDERAL ARMY, COMMANDED BY GENK1 The battle of Hull Run, which the Confederates called the battle of Manussas, was the first really important action of the Civil AVar. The scene laj : fforts to rally the troops were fruitless. In a short time the entire Federal line seemed to have broken in disorder, the force under General Sykes apparci) confusion toward the passages leading to Ccutreville. By nine o clock that evening the last of the fugitives had reached Centreville. The Confederate loss v cDOWELL, AND THE CONFEDERATE ARMY, COMMANDED BY GENERALS BEAUEEGARD AND JOHNSTON. liles northwest of Manassas Junction, on the banks of Bull Eun. It resulted, as everyone knows, in the complete routing of the Federals. The repeated making an effort to withstand the tide. But it was finally compelled to yield to the masses against it. The Federals then on all sides retreated in 378 killed, 1,48 ) wounded and 20 missing total 1,887 ; that of the Federals, 481 killed, 1,011 wounded and 1,460 missing total 2,952. . 5 5j5 " S" 2 _ o * f - JUTS fn CD 5" O . cq o M. tD O O 3 Mi ^ to < o o o s CD p I O o a > o H d "TJ o H O o 3 1.1 o 4 3 ^ B" M- 8 O (D S s^i ^7- _ P o> 2,2- c W 05 w o bd H Hd cc W g K! o cl b W ft) J & o CD S" SS8- O i- a >- CD O - w S ft, o& Q O H 02 h- ( O a H b p o O Q H 1 B) B -! CB v ft. 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I 8^(4: iffi, ^& 5 / 1 am *M ,<,.,< ,1 ....- i ;fr : v 11 < H ?| ,11 " , *, I , ^ ^ i " M * Mi r ii i* ,-* ii| ^ ....iii iiiffl 1 1 L^V -r ;^ fl P< ?i,!li it ; V. , ;;:f ft /i M y. , M W j I l_f J. -^J i % . ;,,; f*l JH ^-r=5, ri i tts* a M J GO w - - 111 .S &^ 5 o PH o r -5^:0 CQ l >^ H O H i K o> *-* b) C3 i. s -* gn ; c -^- W 9 -2 =1 m ^5~^ J ^ >2 -3 i* 2^ *H O 02 H 3 K a o g^ c t. -=,2 451 w a g w o 3D PQ J O GO O I o H 6 &H O w J I: => r^ 5^ .-2 rll 8H^:0 2 5-S a,- 10 S^ be , * * fQ j- O ->-i 7^1 .-I kl . oo" & c J PH p-l <H m^m^im^m a - CD a. . C CJ 01 CO > bcco 8.2 K ^*" "t^ >H -*J CO " 5 S, "S -.2 5 GO t^> >, C fc- w GO t-4 gs X ^ S^ ?5 ! M 3 CO CO O -*J 1^ M o> ^ . 3 cL ^ 2 | s &* = O 5 So C8 O K J ^W 25 w ^. PCO 5.222 -So>, c a K be 0) a) -i S ^2 03 ^j CO a .3 THE DUKYEE ZOUAVES CARRYING THE BODY OF LIEUTENANT GREBLE FROM THE FIELD AT (iREAT BETHEL. The Federal troops, after having burnt Little Bethel, arrived at Great Bethel at ten o clock in the morning. Here they found the Confederates in great force, under the command of Colonel Magrtider, and strongly posted behind batteries of heavy guns. It was here that Lieutenant Greble was killed. The young hero fell dead by the side of his gun. His body was placed on a gun carriage and carried off the field by his sorrowing men. THE DEATH OF GENERAL NATHANIEL LYON, AT THE BATTLE OF WILSON S CREEK, NEAR SPRINGFIELD, MO. General Lyon fell at the head of his little army of 5,500 men, in a desperate fight at Wilson s Creek, Mo., on the 10th of August, 1831. -while .eading a charge against the Confederate forces under Ben McCulloch, numbering 23,000 men. General Lyon was educated at the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he was graduated with distinction in 1841. 71 tv W^mM^-M BATTLE AT WILSON S CREEK, NEAR SPRINGFIELD, MO. ( BETWEEN 5,500 UNION TROOPS UNDER GENEIU WM mafle by General Lyon, in command of the centre, supported bv General Sigel and Major Sturgis, U. S. A., and notwithstanding the p inasecl, General Lyon. the brave and able commander of the Union forces, was killed at the head of his troops, who suffered a los. ,YON AND SIGEL, AND 23,000 CONFEDERATES UNDEK GENERALS McCULLOCH AND PRICE, AUGUST lOrn, 1861. isparity of numbers, the Confederates were driven from their position and their camp burned, with great loss m killed, wounded and prisoners. The yietory, )0 killed and between 600 and 700 wounded. There is every reason to believe that the Confederate loss was more than double these numbers. 73 ^JW W: \ - = ^= - =r^=-==.^ =---_ -- = . J ^^?fe^ C I V- r " *l r/5J>^^aJS)^ i 3 " wMK^^ ^b^&I^T^ ^^ M ; ls ^-f / / ^^JUA a " o : <t> ft, - ^2. Jt 5 2 5T 3 re o 3 CD 03 s < o 2. C *-i &! 3 C ; ^w^ 3 g- o O. " H 1C S. | 3 H 5:1 B -I- I 2-*^ o5 -._, 3 d H o a Hi oa t^ .1 ^ ~ ~. 1 > 3. | ^ H PJ ^ ^ I r. >** c-f- Hta "- 1 - O CO ^ * I J * = 5 - 3 . w ^ g.g a. 3 O 3 e-^ S - 5 I sT^ 8 s s o ^r 3 5 ce S c s P- Q ^3 h^ "T3 c-* 1 Q i* 2-^ Ed !ii i 5 3 1 O O -! c o g o 3 O &. C \Y i ,T ^_L illlnlnln : \ , , v IT 11 } BBk , . T .:W TUMI U )[(> iWLv 1 . > IM .riJriTING FOli HAWKINS S M-AV YORK /OUAVES. ^^ ni lrr tliirtv vi tirs of age. FORGING IRONWORK FOR GUN CARRIAGES AT THE WATERVLIET ARSENAL, WEST TROY, N. Y. A more thorough and comprehensive establishment cannot be found. It embraces the whole scope of manufacture which properly belongs to an raenal. The various departments are superintended by competent foremen, the whole governed by a commandant, assisted by ordnance officers. 78 THE ELEVENTH NDIANA ZOUAVES IN CAMP McGlNNIS, RESTING, THE DAY AFTER THE HATTLE OF ROMNEY. THE OEDNANCE ARMORY, CHARLESTON, S. C.-THE VOLUNTEER TROOPS TRYING THE ARMS. The Confederate Ordnance Armory at Charleston, S. C., contained a splendid collection of anus, among which were specimens of all the arms known in modern warfare. Here were found the Minie, Warner and Colt s rifles, muskets of every possible make breech, muzz e and chamber-load ing pieces; also the terrible ten- and twelve-shooters known as Lindsay s repeaters. With this latter death-dealing weapon all company were armed. 79 GENERAL ROHERT E. I.KE. General 1*45 lie Robert E. Leo was born in Virginia in 1807 ; was admitted into West Point as a cadet in 1825 ; entered the United States Army in 1829. WOK appointed a member of the board of engineers, and in the following year chief engineer of tho army in Mexico; was brovetted major. April 18th, 1846, for gallant conduct at Cerro Gordo ; lieutenant colonel, August 20th, 1847, for bravery at Contreras and Churubnsoo, and iv-loiu-l. September 13th, 1847, for gallant conduct at Chapultepec. In 1852 be was appointed superintendent of \Vest Point Military \cademy ; on the If.th of March, 1801, ho was appointed colonel of cavalry, and on the 25th of April in the same year ho resigned his commission in cue United States Army and offered his sword to Virginia, which State had just then seceded from the Union, lie died October 12th, 1870. JEFFERSON DAVIS. Jefferson Davis, son of Samuel Davis, a Revolutionary soldier, was born in Todd County, Kentucky, in 1808 ; was graduated at West Point in 1828; served as lieutenant of infantry at Western posts, and on frontier service from 1828 to 1834; resigned in 1835, and became a cotton planter; chosen Presidential Elector from Mississippi in 1844 ; member of the United States House of Representatives, 1845- 46 ; colonel of the First Mississippi Rifle Volunteers in the Mexican War in 1846- 47 ; engaged at Monterey, and severely wounded at Buena Vista ; member of the United States Senate, 1847- 51 ; Secretary of War, 1853- 57 ; Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs from 1857 to 1861 ; President of the Southern Confederacy, February 18th, 1861; captured by the Federal troops May 10th, 1865, at Irwinville, Ga.; prisoner of war, 1865- 67, at Fortress Monroe, Va. Die<* December 6th, 1889. 81 AN, 5 3 - -I TO o & V3 M I OO = 3 2 == re O sa ^ tS Hej ^1 I -EL CD 5 S CD g- <L M ^^~ (D ^-< X O= M. 8 S-s.c.8 K g & i -F" 02 2 - O 3 CD" JD L! I Bl ^ w 5 5- E ^ cT S i-il I 2 5 =! & p _cr t; "* 2 Sf B " W = - CD K "^ ^^ CD ^* *^ i r M, "- W- S 5 z. " 5 E o H ft D3 1 CD 01 i_i 2* C 3 o V o = ^ 3 =t =t o CB "> B O S-. O , 3 r. a o <s 2. so GENERAL J. K. F. MANSFIELD. General Mansfield was horn at New Haven. Conn., in 1803; was graduate.) from the I nited States Military Academy at West Point in iK -ii ami appointed tin-vi-t second lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers; first lieutenant in ls:;-J: captain in 1838 ; chief engineer of the army commanded by General Taylor in the .Mexican War, 1840- 47. In April, 1801, he was" placet! in command of the Department of Washington, receiving the appointment of brigadier general of volunteers. In 1802 he commanded a corps of the Army of the Potomac, at the head of which he received, at the battle of Antietam, the wounds from which he died on September 18th, 1S02. GENERAL NATHANIEL LYON. General Lyon was born at Ashford, Conn., July 14th 1819; was graduated from the United States Military Academy at \\est Point, and entered the army July, 1841 ; took part in the Indian campaign in Florida ; was sent to Mexico at the commencement of the war, and was wounded at the Belen Gate; was appointed captain in 1851, and remained in active frontier duty in Kansas until in April. 1861. he was placed in charge of the United States Arsenal at St. Louis. Mo., and afterward appointed commandant of the post. In May. 1801. he en rolled a large number of volunteers and surrounded Camp Jackson, com piling a prompt surrender. He was killed at the battle of Wilson s Creek. \ v--<f^psv\ GENERAL BEN McCULLOCH. General Mifulloch was born in Rutherford County, Tenu., in 1814. hen the Mexican War broke out he took command of a band of Texans. He distinguished himself at the battles of Monterey and Buena Vista. At the breaking out of the Civil War, McCulloch raised a regiment of desperadoes and called them the Texan Rangers. He was fatally wounded while leading his division at the battle of Pea Ridge. GENERAL FRANZ SIGEL. General Sigel was born at Zinsheim, Bavaria, November 18th, 1824; entered the army of the Grand Duke of Baden, and in 1847 was appointed chief adjunct ; emigrated to this country some years later, and in 1861 took command of the Germans in St. Louis who had tendered their services to the Federal Government, being made colonel of the Third Missouri Vclun- tuerg. He took part in many important engagements. COLONEL E. D. BAKER. DEATH OF COLONEL BAKER WHILE LEADING HIS REGIMENT AT THE BATTLE OF BALL S BLUFF, VA., OCTOBER 21sT, 1WJI Colonel E. 1). Baker, while command ding the First California Volunteers, which formed part of General Stone s brigade at the battle of Ball a Bluff, and who had just before he entered battle been notified of his appointment as brigadier general, was killed while at the head , P by bullets in the head, body, arm and side. He died as a soldier would wish to die, amid the shock of battle, by voice and example am to brave deeds. 87 GRAND REVIEW IN WASHINGTON OF EIGHT BATTERIES OF ARTILLERY AND THREE REGIMENTS OF C neral McClellan These mad u nji above two the Capitol, at about three o clock p. M. held a grand review of cavalry and artillery, which went off with great eclat. The troops consisted of two full regiments of ca *-o thousand men, and in addition there were eight batteries of United States regular flying artillery, comprising forty-eight heavy iree o clock p. M. 81 BY PKESIDENT LINCOLN, GENERAL McCLELLAN AND A PORTION OF THE CABINET : SEPTEMBER 24th, 1861. - e Fifth Eegulars and the Kentucky Volunteers together with such portions of the Lincoln, Ira Harris and Cameron Guards as had their horses and sabres, a i howitzer field pieces, with caissons, carriages, horses, riders and gunners in full quota. The review was held on a broad, level common one mile east of FKDKKAL TKOOl S WIU>IN(i A IJOAD ACKOSS LOW ISLAN1>. IN THE OHIO HIVKK. OPPOSITE PAWCAH, KV. I NIII.r. OF RICH Mol \T\l\ v\ TTTTV IN, \A., JULY ll>, iwil-THE THIRTEENTH INDIANA REGIMENT CAPTURING A GUN. When the enemv were driven from their hro Lieutenant Atkinson," with about forty I.XM, of ( , t r V*" ,?, . 8 " inm t they attempted to run off one of their cannon. Captain Sayles and the enemy drawn up across in front , (,- Inirteenth Indiana, started in pursuit. The Indianians, on turning the road, found bayonets down the road, driving the enen v fro n the r ! "" /T m T C8 . " the 8 de f the Wa 7 The y fired Btorme(1 tlle hollse and ion, taking several prisoners and capturing the cannon without losing a man. EARTHWORK BATTERIES SURROUNDING THE CITY OF PADUCAH, KY., BUILT BY THE FEDERAL TROOPS IN OCCUPATION. DESTRUCTION OF GUNS AND GUN CARRIAGES AT THE ARSENAL, BEAUFORT, 8. C., BY CAPTAIN AMMON OF THE UNITED STATES GUNBOAT "SENECA," NOVEMBER UTH, 1861. On November 14th, 1861, a party commanded by Captain Ammon landed at Beaufort, S. 0., from the United States gunboat Seneca, visited the arsenal and destroyed the cannon they found there. Having burnt the gun carriages and knocked off the trunnions, they considered their work complete. 91 - . CTQ Z 2 C8 B SO p 3 a lo 3 = o s 3 P^- 3 r TO B "1 O V O 1 CD 01 5: "1 0- 3_ 3" %- CD o Cr 2 CD*" ^ "* tn -l O D 1 ^ rt CD =$ \ f ^ ~t P SO C1-7Q CD 2. a , Mti \ -s M 1 r cc 3 i \ /i i 2 ^ i / ?" = cT H / i , V 3. 3 cc O a w a 3 M o = 3 2 . ^ - 2 3 CO CD I < so CO -1 VS* GO O ^ r^- t-ta sr :< 3" 2.= o _. |q 0^ 3 3 S^ JO 3 CD C H ^ ^^ CKi 3 CD J" crq 1 S. rf _ "1 S ^ 3^ CD ^0 H a 3 M M CO W 3 td 13 ^ c^^J jo T 33-g 1 r - co 3 <rt- P, J 2.- u CD w w S O w r; so E O - s 55 -^ 3"* 5 o r ^ 3*2.0 CD M di CD CO SO 3, t^ S 8 command below Island No. 10. WAY _ THE GENERAL POPE AT NEW MADRID. " U8 T v "TT 1 tliffit Ultie8 - Thp United Statee t-Por. to New Madrid, and opened a passage for steamer! to COLONEL LEWIS WALLACE, OF THE ELEVENTH INDIANA VOLUNTEEKS (ZOUAVE REGIMENT), AND HIS STAFF, ON SERVICE IN WESTERN VIRGINIA. This gallant officer, whose portrait, with those of his staff, we present to our readers was the commander of the Eleventh i distinguished himself by his march upon Romney, where he surprised and defeated a large body of Confederates. Ind ana Keg i distinguished itself most nobly under the gallant, daring, yet prudent leadership of Colonel Wallace. It rendered good service, acting offensively ^ gallantry and success, and maintaining itself, against all the efforts of the enemy, m a difficult and dangerous country. 99 101 GENERAL GEORGE F. SHEPLEY. (IKM.I .AI. SAMIK1, STt RGIS. (ipncr:il Stnrgis, born in Sliippensburg, 1 a., January lltli. 1822, was irradnatcd from tliL- I nited States Military Academy, 1S4G; served in the Mexican \Var : at the opening of the Civil War was appointed major of the Fourth Cavalrv ; serwJ in Missouri under General Lyon, whom Sturgis sue- ceeded in command after his death at the battle of Wilson s Creek ; was made brigadier general of volunteers, August 10th, 1801; was at the battles of South Mountain. Antictam and Fredericksburg; brevetted major general, United States Armv, March liith. IS 15. General Shepley, born in Saco, Me., January 1st, 1819, died in Tort- land, Me. , July 20th, 1878. He was commissioned colonel of the Twelfth Maine Volunteers, and participated in General Butler s expedition against New Orleans. In 1802 be was appointed military governor of Louisiana. After tbe inauguration of a civil governor General Shepley was placed in command of the Military District of Eastern Virginia, and became jhief of staff to (ieneral Weitzel. He continued with the Army of the James to tbe end of the war, uud was appointed tbe iirst, military governor of that city. GENERAL DARIUS H. COUCH. General Conch, born in Southeast, New York, July 23d, 1832, was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1846. He served in the Mexican War, gaining the brevet of first lieutenant for gallant con duct at Bueiiik Vista. In June, 1861, he became colonel of the Seventh Massachusetts Volunteers ; WHS made brigadier general of volunteers in An rust, and assigned to a division in General Reyes s corps ; was at Fair Oaks, Williamsbunr and Malvern Hill: was promoted to major general on July 4th, 186:i, and took jwrt at Antietam, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. GENERAL WILLIS A. GORMAN. General Gorman, bora near Flemingsburg, Ky., January 12th, 1814, died in St. Paul, Minn., May 20th, 187G. He served in tbe Mexican War, and was wounded at Buena Vista. In 18G1 lie was made colonel of the First Minnesota Regiment, and served in the battle of Bull Run. Ho was ap pointed brigadier general of volunteers on September 7th, 18C1 ; was en gaged at Fair Oaks, South Mountain and Antietam. lie was at the head of tbe Second Division, Second Corps, till the reorganization, of tho anwy following McClellan s removal. EFFECT OF THE GUNBOAT SHELLS ON THE CONFEDERATES IN THE WOODS, POET ROYAL, S. 0., JANUARY !, 1862. / DEATH OF THE CONFEDERATE GENERAL ZOLLICOFFEB, IN THE BATTLE OF MILL SPEINO, KY., .TANCARY 19, 1862. _x . / /Y fj-^ gj^^RpSWfe RETREAT OF THE CONFEDERATE After gallantly enduring the and a flight which eclipsed even , or path of their flight was encumbered with accoutrements, arn.s of everv l in tlle Collrse of wllich tlle Destroying circle of kn I !i ? cordl "g * Governor Pickens s account, is born insensible k> (i sn, knapsacks-m a word, everything that could facilitate a flying soldier s sH fat/: m m [TON, DURING THE BOMBARDMENT BY THE FEDERAL FLEET, ON THE AFTERNOON OF NOVEMBER TTH, 1861. getting nearer and nearer to the devoted forts, General Dray ton gave orders for the retirement of his men. The retreat soon ripened into a flight, i flying from Fort Walker to Scnll Creek which eeparates Hilton Head from the mainland, on which Blufftou stands threw everything away. The exact been thrown away as worthless. BATTLE OF FITTSBURG LANDING- BURNING THE DEAD HORSES NEAR THE PEACH ORCHARD. (, \IHI.K IV. ( MM i i M.KATE OATS AN INCIDENT IN THE MARCH OF GENERAL PRENTISS S DIVISION FROM IRONTON W CAPE (JIRARI)EAU. \\;T liiis it.< minir a* w.-ll as its tragic side, and among the former is the incident which we illustrate. A crop of oats, very carefully stowed awa> by some provident Cnnf^l.-riit.-, came most opportunely to the aid of the loyal horses. That they were duly paid for by the Federal not diminish the pleasure their possession gave to our troops. 10 $ & LIEUTENANT TILLOTSOVS NAVAL BATTERY OF BOAT HOWITZERS AT THK BATTLE OF NEW BKRNE, N. 0. / . "A CONFEDERATE TREED "CAPTURE OF LIEUTENANT H. J. SEGAL, OF THE CONFEDERATE ARMY, NEAR FALLS CHURCH. r 1861, a scoutin- party of eighteen men, under Lieutenant Colonel Winslow and Captain Shattuck, of the Ihirty- unteers, were out in the vicinity of Falls Church, Va. As they were proceeding cautiously through a dense wood M, CJ iiearu mo uiuinp ui nurses aim the jingle of sabre scabbards. The lieutenant colonel and the captain, ordering their men to halt \\e In a short time one of them came upon an open space, where he saw four Confederates seated under a large chestnut tree, engagei in e: The Confederates saw him, and sprang upon their horses. The officer cried, in a loud voice, " Charge !" By the time the scou up the four gallant horsemen were beyond pursuit. Our men were about gathering up the spoils of victory, when they saw an On Friday, the 4th of October seventh Regiment, K"ew York Volunteers they heard the tramp of horses and the jingl gallant horsemen were beyond pursuit. . ~ - the roadside. A further search revealed its master, perched upon the lower limbs of a large chestnut, brought him to reason, and he surrendered. A dozen rifles pointed at his breast, soon o P P >s o O C03 - * . . a o C-. M > H H tr 1 H H H y: 2-25 B - s W K c o O TJ CD i_i B-. . <! * 1 ct- O Cfi CD S X H H a X HH H O cc a o-o rr" B 7T CD e-- 311 ^cTS. O >-* *~ ft> 5- 5" 2 > c: 715 ^ O r^-^ HH ^ -- M M m a L , ^ >-^ ill o s -^ ^1-^ s CD a a a. s a "! 111 GENKKAL PHILIP II SHKK1DAN. General Philip II. Sheridan, born at Albany, N. V., in 1831. died in Nonquitt, Mass., August 5th, 1888, was a graduate of United States Military Academy at West Point ; served in the Civil War, 18G1- G5 ; from army in Southwest Missouri was transferred to Army of the Cumberland ; and for his successful operations at the battle of Murfreesborough was made major general of Volunteers ; in the spring of 18G4 took command of the cavalry corps of the Army of the Potomac ; was in tbe battle of the Wilderness ; and in the fall of 18G4 was made major general ; in the spring of 18G;>, through his successful operations at the battle of Five Forks, and others, the Confederates were compelled to abandon Petersburg and Richmond ; present at the surrender of General Lee at Appomattox, April 9th, 1865. In 1809 he was made lieutenant general, and assigned to the command of the Missouri Division, with headquarters at Chicago. GENERAL JOHN A. DIX. General Dix, born in Boscawcn, N. H.. July 24tL, 1798, died in New York city, April 21st, 1879. In December, 1812, he was appointed cadet, and ping to Baltimore, aided his father, Major Timothy Dix of the Fourteenth United States Infantry. He was made ensi going his regiment, taking part in the operations on the Canadian frontier. ensign in 1813, and accompanied Subsequently he served in the Twenty-first Infantry at Fort Constitution, N. H., where he became second lieutenant in March, 1814; was adjutant to Colonel John D. B. Walback, and in August was transferred to the Third Artillery. In 1819 he was appointed aid-de-camp to General Jacob Brown, then in command of the Northern Military Department, and stationed at Brownsville. At the beginning of the Civil War he took an active part in the formation of the Union Defense Committee, and was its first president. On the Pres ident s first call for troops be organized and sent to the field seventeen regiments, and was appointed one of the four major generals to command the New York State forces. In July, 18C1, General Dix was sent to Baltimore to take command of the Department of Maryland, and it was through his energetic and judicious measures that the State and the city were prevented from going over to the Confederate cause. In 1863 he was transferred to New York as commander of the Department of the East, which place he held until the close of the war. 113 :: *- 114 a _ a> -D a a. o M 3 o W ct> s 2 o-o cp 2! " I 3 0-3 3 N II 1 Sio. a CX5 & CB -3 3 s 1 : n> P-S: CB o o i i 2.3 2 3 o "" ^ m * . 3 <Tf S* ^ 53 fc :^P 1 O> 5 s:l i*| s SoE B a> H ~- co c o ,_ rt 5 pa CO CO C M PH W fc-.fi .S o o -1" "" O ? M co H 1 I 3 ^ *^ 3 *M S3 ** < "* ^ a^Sa CO t ^ M Ct ^^ K ^? c " O s o " H CO !*< *S."o H W H J g boC g W fe-" " P3 _S i, O 9 o >co H a "S O r-, ^ _ 2 I Ifll , ^ ta O r J PH ^3 > Pq C3 O ^ ^ ^- r3 o ^ -2 o ^ 5 3 >. 5 = 110 S-e o - 3" o JQ O> 3 S-JB CD P Ef& Op- W S5 H P H ^S? 2 r-t- M ^""3 O o 3 H ^ O P_ C/3 Ml I = 25 o CD 3 3 tt " i Q O H 1^ 5-.0, S 1 M 3"crS 22 oo C^ O -2^2 H o^ SL -^ - o S H - ^ o tj o O ? g ~ d 3 " co d C? " O oa a o *PI 3 -^ t I Cj 3 rrS,^ H p _ -J3 td ^ CQ o P H a O O s? 1 "^ P i gi P > 7^ ?? c-5 W P 3 f> o -5" P 1^0 3 ^ o c f I ", 117 (TKXEKAL JAMES SHIELDS. Gsneral Shields, born in Dnngannon, County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1&10, died in Ottumwa la., June 1st, 1879, lie emigrated to the United States in 1826; studied law, and began practice at Kaskaskia, 111., in 1832. When the Mexican War began lie was appointed a brigadier general and was assigned to the command of the Illinois contingent. At C erro Gordo he gained the brevet of major general, and was shot through the lung. He was mustered out on the 20th of July, 1848. In 18G1, he was appointed a brigadier general of volunteers and assigned to the command of General Lander s brigade. After the hitter s death, and on March 23d, 1862, at the head of a division of General Banks s army in the Shenandoah Val ley, he opened the second campaign with the victory at Winchester, Va. ; resigning his commission on the 28th of March, 1863. COLONEL EVERETT PEABODY. Colonel Peabody, born in Springfield.. Mass., in 1831, died near Pitts- trarg Landing, Tenn., April 6th, 1802. Was graduated at Harvard in 1849; became a railway engineer. Was colonel of the Twenty-fifth Regiment, Missouri Volunteers, and was killed at Shiloh. Upon his joining the forces under General Grant the command of a brigade under General Prentiss was assigned him, and on the field at Pittsburg Landing ho wr; acting brigadier on the exposed right of the army, nearest the enemy. To his alertness and bravery is in great part due frhe saving of our army on the field of Pittsburg. GENERAL JOHN M. SCHOF1ELD. _ j ^** General Schofield, born in Chautauqua County, N, Y., September 29th, 31. was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1853. At the opening of the Civil War he entered the volunteer service as major 3f the Pirst Missouri Volunteers April 26th, 1861, and was appointed f of staff to General Nathaniel Lyon, with whom he served during his campaign in Missouri; was appointed brigadier general of volunteers .November 21st, 1861, and major general November 29th, 1862. He took part in the battles of Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain and Atlanta. *or his services at the battle of Franklin he was made a brigadier gen eral and brevet major general in the regular army. 118 GENERAL DANIEL E. SICKLES. General Sickles was born in New York city, October 20th, 1823 A* the beginning of the Civil War he raised the Excelsior Brigade of United States Volunteers in New York city, and was commissioned by tho President as colonel of one of the five regiments on September 3^., 1861. The President nominated him brigadier general of volunteers. The Senate rejected his name in March, 1862, but confirmed a second nomination. He commanded a brigade under General Hooker, and gained distinction at Williamsburg, Fair Oaks and Malvern Hill. At Chancellorsville he displayed gallantry and energy, and at Gettysburg he lost a leg. He continued in active service until the beginning of 1865. SHIP ISLAND, NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI UNITED STATES WAR STEAMER "MISSISSIPPI" FIRING ON A CONFEDERATE STEAMER. GENERAL ASBOTH AND STAFF AT THE BATTLE OF PEA RIDGE, ARK., MARCH &TH-STH, 1862. The gallantry displayed by General Asboth in the victory of Pea Ridge gives great interest to the spirited sketch of himself and staff which present to our readers. Among the officers in the sketch were Acting Brigadier General Albert, Brigade Quartermaster McKay, the voting comman< >f the Fremont Hussars, Major George E. Waring, Jr., from New York city, formerly major of the Garibaldi Guards, and the freuer.-il s aids-de-can Grille:! and Kroll, etc. Among General Asboth s most constant attendants was his favorite dog, York, a splendid specimen of the St. Bernard BJ:: :;*. 119 <.-* FSfir 8 t\"w BATTLE OF ROANOKE ISLAND, FEBRUARY 8-m, 1862 DECISIVE BAYONET CHARGE OF T.IJJ ^ T^\ ^ ?, cei T e * he ** char g e f the .on.vcs, who were th^n in the very act of had advanced on the battery by a flank movement on the left, planted the Stars and Stripes i-l . NEW YOKE VOLUNTEERS (HAWKINS S ZOUAVES), ON THE THEEE-GUN BATTEKY. nging over the parapets, fled in utter confusion, throwing away their arms and accoutrements to facilitate their escape. It was at this important momen i lmph over the ramoarts. 21 THE UUKXSIDE EXPEDITION MELANCHOLY DEATHS OF COLONEL ,T. W. ALLEN, SI RGEON WALLER AND THE SECOND MATE OI THE "ANN E. THOMPSON ," ON JANUARY liVm, 1862, NEAR HATTERAS INLET. M>88 OF THK " MONITOR "-OALLANT ATTEMPT OF THE OFFICERS AND CREW OF THE UNITED STATES STEAM El! -RHODE ISDAND," TO RESCUE THE CHEW OF THE "MONITOR," OFF CAPE HATTERAS, AT MIDNIGHT, DECEMBER :!(hj ( , 1802. The closing day of 1862 will always be a dark one in our history, for just on the threshold of its birth the pet monster of our ironclads went down off HattflM] with our flag flying on its tower, and in the midst of t furious storm. Its sudden and nnlooked-fnr fate recalled to every mind that memorable Sunday in March when it signalized iU advent to war by driving back to its Norfolk retreat the terrible Mcrrimac. 122 SCOUTING PARTY OF THE NINTH INDIANA VOLUNTEERS, OR, AS THEY WERE CALLED, "THE TIGERS OE THE BLOODY SIXTH. DISCOVERY OF A CONFEDERATE BATTERY AT MESSECH S POINT BY A SCOUTING PARTY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OF NEW YORK ZOUAVES. r< t t i ""*"> "" oouuiiiiiK iiiiruuuu <t uetise woou, Cilllie SnuaeillV ] Jerates at work upon an almost completed battery, which had sprung up with magical rapidity. IXA p 1 A a hit CD 5 8? 1 = j 3 dP O iET M ^ ^-> i^ li a o 1 S II 3 HHC- H II S B ffi ^ 9= O ^ si w tfQ "^ ^ . . HH 30 c- CD M 3 <TK ^ c! g "s- ^ o > !- g 003 a rT ^ si S - w o M O 03 y 3 s H CJQ c^. g S _ to H OB - . CD 3 3 80 b B -! H a o a rr CD Q , s rt- = a S H S" M !z! H CD H CD B . XWi ri 1 -Sjfj Hi ^1 ^ SO) ," II 5 CO) P* o H eg c K* ^ .2r= H I | s : s R b C - ^. Co H 5^ H ^^: L O 1 g Q 3 3 . O i_ W -o .S S <c S 5 S !^ -So K fe^ C c ^ r- .1 E ? o gig W i-l O PH T= -g H ^j W S g M . c EC w ^ S *~ s K r- C. K ? H o C >- * - O > C K | s^**- 3 ~ a Ed " 3 yS > 5" s 1 M C 1 a. S* O < o o CD P 2; -< oo si Q c- 1 o 22. ~ S Oi ==2 12. p. P*3 _ 5 3 M T) M o rt" 2"3 II M. Q H3 a BJ H a si 5 s CD ^ c*- ^ O r s 3~ < CD M H oo b ^ O 6 3 F iq CD O si 3 S" =! " o g w H s tej B- &! H w 3 - CD 3 t^ ^JT o O CD 3 C f= S" 5. I I O SI o M TJ I W. H w Iff s s o aS 3 P o GENERAL JOHN FULTON REYNOLDS. GenenJ Reynolds, born in Lancaster. Pa.. September 20t,h, 1820. died near Gettysburg, 1 a., July 1st, 1863, was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1843; served in the Mexican War and was brevetted major for services at Huena Vista. He was appointed military governor of Kredericksburg, Va., in May. 1862. and was engaged at the" battles of Meclianicsville, Gaines s Mill and Glendalf. where he was taken prisoner. He rejoined the army on his exchange. August 8th. 1862, was engaged in the campaign of Northern Virginia, and commande:! his division at the second battle of Bull Hun. lie was commissioned major general of volun teers,^ November 29th. 1862; succeeded General Honker in command of the First Corps of the Army of the I otomae : was engaged at Fredericks- burg, and at Gettysburg he was struck by a rifle ball and killed. o N^yu, GENERAL GODFREY WEITZEL. nnlad, "" at - 0., November 1st, 1835, died in States MHitarv A,, ] v j / o . ? ****$?**?* fr m the UTlit<>(1 1860, and WH -,tt t i~i i i : i cca ? first ^ tenant of engineers in >* <! " I Hann , if ,: l lc ,. 8Uff A ; f ^neral Butler as chief engineer becan,,. Jj * Gnlf - After the capture of New Orleans he -as commi ! onecl b 1 e 7ne!"! V"? ? tin * J<" f the city. He tain of engtoeerl SRh aTlsS ^ " /eers August 29th, 1862 ; cap- lieutenant colon.] In, * A n , Jlll y,, 8th 186 3- wiw brevetted Port Hud.,,,, " 7, Ar " v T for P lllllnt services at the siege of ill September 1864 i"; r S " ! " L "" Campaign, and from^Mny 18 C4, iJwat Arnth. Ja.es. In GENERAL GEORGE C. STRONG. General Strong, born in Stoekbridge, Yt., October 10th, 183V died in .New York city, July 30th, 1863, was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1857 ; assigned to the ordnance, and in 1859 became assistant at Watervliet Arsenal, of which he took command in May, 18G1. lie was ordnance officer on General McDowell s staff at Bull Run, and was then attached successively to the staffs of General McOlellan and General Butler, whose chief of staff he became in May. 1862. He com manded the expedition from Shi]) Island to Biloxi, Miss., in April. 1862, and that to Ponchatoula in September. He was made brigadier general of volunteers, November 29th, 1862 ; was on sick leave in New York from the following December till June, 1803, and then commanded a brigade in the operations against Charleston, S. 0. At the assault on Fort Wagner, July 18th, he was mortally wounded. He was at once removed to "New lork city. 134 GENERAL JOHN SEDGWICK. General Sedgwick, born in Cornwall, Conn., September 13th, 1813, died near Spottsylvaiiia Courthouse, Va., May Oth, 1864, was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1837 ; served in the Florida and Mexican Wars, and wsis successively brovetted captain and major for gallant conduct at Contreras, Churubusco and Chapultepec. At the begin ning of the Civil War he was lieutenant colonel of the Second Cavalry ; on April 25th, 1861, he was promoted to the colonelcy of the Fourth Cavalry ; and on August 31st was commissioned a brigadier general of volunteers. He took part in the siege of Yorktown, and rendered good service at the battle of Fair Oaks. While directing the placing of some pieces of artillery in position in front of Spottsylvania Courthouse he was struck in the head by a bullet from a sharpshooter and killed. FIRST DIVISION OF PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, UNDER BREVET MAJOR GENERAL CADWALADER, ENTERING BALTIMORE EAR] FOR THE OCCUPATION OF BALTIMORE, MAY 15ra, 1861. SKIRMISH NEAR BEAUFORT, S. C., BETWEEN CONFEDERATE CAVALRY AND THE FEDERAL PICKETS, DECEMBER STH, 1861. On December 5th, 1861, about eight o clock in the evening, the first skirmish on land took place between the Federal troops and a party of So Carolinians. The pickets which had been thrown out on the shell road the main and only avenue to the village had been stationed in their posit but a few moments before a body of Confederate cavalry, numbering twenty or thirty men, came upon them, unexpectedly to both sides. The Confeden discharged their revolvers, and hit one of the Federals in the neck, inflicting a painful but not dangerous wound. The fire was returned, but, as it dark, with what effect could not be ascertained. After this the pickets were not disturbed. The spot where this skirmish took place is about a c and a half to the southwest of Beaufort, on the main road. T . .A " -- " v GALLANT CHARGE OF THE SEVENTEENTH, FORTY-EIGHTH AND FORTY-NINTH REGIMENTS OF ILLINOIS had a spectral look, from the few deal ]M M Jhi ^"i* I)onelso ." . w "? ma(lu Thursday afternoon. The surrounding of this intreiichment were of the worst Seventeenth, Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth RAO u Jf bra ches. Beyond this was a very steep hillside, on which the intreiichment was formed. after losing forty men killed and two d" 1 d d g " th ^ but the " at " re f the S round was to much for them and after a ? all;l " -, x/ U1-/V-V JINTEERS, LED BY COLONEL MORRISON, ON THE OUTWORKS OF FORT DONELSON, FEBRUARY 13TH, 1862. lo character for our troops. In front of the intrenchment was a quantity of fallen timber, and the ground was full of underbrush and oak scrub. These is was defended by a long line of rifle pits. About two o clock in the afternoon General McClernand gave the order to charge, and at the word the desperate conflict, in which many fell without seeing their foe. Colonel Morrison, who had led them like a hero, ordered them *-.o retire. This was done in THIRD RHODE ISLAND VOLUNTEERS DRIVING THE CONFEDERATE SHARPSHOOTERS FROM THE WOODS ON JAMES IHLAKJJ, SOUTH CAROLINA, BY A BAYONET CHARGE, JUNE KJTH, 18C2. \ A DETACHMENT OF THE NEW YORK RIFLES FIRING UPON COMPANY B OF THE SAME REGIMENT, NEAR WILLETTS POINT, SEPTEMBER DTK, 1861. A sad affair occurred near Willett s Point, on Monday night, September 9th, 1861, in which two soldiers were shot dead and several wounded. A company of men, ostensibly recruited for the New York Rifles, Colonel Logon d re, were offered by Captain Cresto, who commanded them, to Colonel Puaella, who was also raising a regiment, and Monday night was fixed on for the desertion to take place. At Captain Cresto s request his company. H. \v;w I hu-rd on guard, and pickets were stationed near Roe s tavern ; but before tho time appointed Colonel Legendre heard of the plot, and ordered captain Gossamer and Lieutenant Georgco to tako charge of tho camp. Patrols were sent out, who ordered every man back to his quarters. Oaptaiu Cresto demanded the authority for such a proceeding, and while they were parleying a pistol was accidentally discharged by one of the ^intended deserters. Tho detachment sent to stop their desertion, fancying they wero attacked, "immediately fired, aud killed privates Markoe and Sassi, besides wounding leveral others. Captain Cresto escaped, but was subsequently captured near Flushing. 133 CAMP LILLIE, HEADQUARTERS OF GENERAL FREMONT, JEFFERSON CITY, MO., OCTOBER IST, 1861. Jefferson City is on the Missouri River, l i miles from its month, and 125 miles from St. Louis. It is on the direct route of the Pacific Railroad. The location of Jefferson City is very striking. On the towering hill which frowns over the Missouri stands the Capitol, built of magnesium limestone. The town site is seamed with sharp ridges and deep hollows running paiallel with the river. These had been eagerly taken advantage of in construct ing the fortifications. About a mile to the south of the city was the headquarters of General Fremont, situated upon a beautiful slope, commanding a tine military prospect. It was called Camp Lillie, after his eldest daughter. Liilie Henton Fremont. COOKING IN CAMP THE KITCHEN OF THE FREMONT DRAGOONS AT TIPTON, MO. Tipton, which is 38 miles from Jefferson City, 2G from Sedalia and 13 from California City, is situated on the Pacific Railway, which passes through Jefferson City, and has its terminus at Sedalia. At all these cities large bodies of troops were placed by General Fremont, so as to enable him to concentrate, at a very short time, an overwhelming force to bear upon the Confederates. Our sketch of the kitchen was made when the army of cooks were in full preparation for the daily dinner. 1 - 1-7 P c: C v. ts u ^ (3 C o oo c rt tn o S C "~ > E S -si !> S <! ^ * CC ^ c H 4 a, H f^ 2 ft c^ W | II H S: -2 ^< -^ W ^ - 52 ? e H PS C F Q. " 5 00 Q, O oc 5 fe ~ I c e. c ^ 1 a ffl g .. re 5 2.2 S- 1 3 ffl 5 2 3 o i-f, 3 ^ . - 1 O W |i.og| ^ ^" O Q ,^P J-^^l ^ Q ? ~ , Q I i (-^ ^"^ ~* ^^ h*i g-a ST 2 3- K ^ o __ ci- >- S 5 3 " = w o C g^Bg-FS- g O o O c/ J ri* j !l ^ ^ -^ 2 - c ^ o "f g" s "^ s= t-< " = - = ^ 3 > - &, =- f a: i" 5- 1 ffi 1 * E a: 3-?r o 3 s s W s 3 n- S 1 ^ ffl c CD |- C-(D l SO 3* ^ sr - 81 * i-3 < < =53- E: I 3. 3 o , - c 5" r 2 fe S E- S3 2. 142 .*: . 00 3-*? 3 ro P EL-j- cd "" > f- . j ^^ H js i o ^ ^ ^ a ^ I 1 1.1 a o> ii z C5 5 "^ ^ =^- "= ~~" ^ ^^ f 1 o s 2 f- H p ^ ? 32" O -5 3 S <r- M =t cc ^_L -> ^^ ^J r^- ^ -<5 ^ n H &S"p: - M I-S 1 ^ S 1 i-t a> O o o^ S o 3 3 a i ADMIRAL, DAVID D. POKIER Admiral Porter, born in Chester, Delaware County, Pa., June 8th, 1813. entered the United States Navy as midshipman on February !Jd, 18SJ9, :rt,:sed in the Mediterranean, and then served on the Coast Survey until he was promoted to lieutenant, February 27th, 1841. lie was in the Mediterranean and Brazilian waters until 1845, when lie was appointed to the Naval Observatory in Washington ; and in 1846 he was sent by the government on a secret mission to Hayti, and reported on the condition of affairs there. He served during the entire Mexican AVar, had charge of from the 18th to the 24th of April, 1802, during which engagement twenty thousand bombs wore exploded in the Confederate works. In July Ar.miral Porter was ordered with ins mortar flotilla to Fort Monroe, where lie resigned charge of it, and was ordered to command the Mississippi 8c -adron as acting rear admiral in September, 1802. For his services at Vicksburg Porter received the thanks of Congress and the commission of rear admiral, dated July 4th, 1803. Soon afterward he ran past the batteries of Vicksburg, and captured the Confederate forts at Grand Gulf. On August 1st, 1803, he arrived at New Orleans in his flagship Blai-k Hawk, accompanied by the gunboat Tuscumbia. In the Spring of 1864 he .ro-operated with General Hanks in the unsuccessful Red River expedition. In October, 18C4, he was transferred to the North Atlantic Squadron, lie tppevad at Fort Fisher on December 24th, 1864, and began to bombard the forts at the mouth of the Cape Fear River. The works were captured January 15th, 1865, by a combined body of soldiers, sailors and marines, after seven hours of desperate fighting. Admiral Porter received a vote of llmnks from Congress, which was the fourth that lie received during the war. lie was promoted vice admiral July 25th, 1865. and admiral of -.h/i oV August 15th, 1870. Died m Washington, D. C., February 13th. 1831. 144 sd H a si o (K H K> H H cc t> W H W o co t) o i i m ;M-\i, STOBMING OP FOBT DONELSON-DECISIVE BAYONET CHARGE OF THE IO\ SECOND REGIMENT ON THE CONFEDERATE INTlj The Iowa Second Regiment led the charge, followed by the rest in their order. The sighis sublime. Onward they sped, heedless of the bullets :ml this gap they were bound to go. Right up they went, climbing upon all fours, their line of <-blue clothing advancing regularly forward, the white lux I over the works they fall they are lost! Another group, and still another and another, i up the gap. All k covered in smoke. The lodgment 10-poundcrs was tugging up the hill, the horses plunging, the riders whipping. Upward the) where never vehicle went before up the precipitous and* the Parrott guns at the flying enemy. The day was gained, cheers upon cheers rent the air, in a few minutes all was hushed." [MENTS AT FORT DONELSON, FEBRUARY 15iH, 1862, RESULTING IN THE CAPTURE OF THE WORKS ON THE FOLLOWING MORNING. g of the enemy above. The hill was so steep, the timber cleared, that the Confederates left a gap in their lines of rifle pits on this crest of hill. Through noke from the top of the works opposed by a line of the Federal troops. " They reach the top. Numbers fall. The surprise was breathless. See, they climb ie ; the troops swarm up the hillside, their bright bayonets glittering in the sun. The firing slaekens. Close behind the brigade Captain Stone s battery of rifled ed sides of the hill. No sooner on the crest than the guns were unlimbered, the men at their posts. Percussion shells and canister were shot spitefully fron 169 f?m , :^" v --. - .- - ,. THE POTOMAC RIVER FROM THE HEIGHTS OF GREAT FALLS, BY MAJOR WEST, OF CAMPBELLS PENNSYLVANIA AKTILLEKY, OCTOBER 4-ni, 1861. .October 4th, 1861, Major West, of Campbell s Pennsylvania Artillery, was ordered to shell a barn i which the, w JTi ;.,: Is T r vi ~ - d Wl" w "/, d - ^ "^r.therefoiV^la^ . ftrrott g^ de iith "all 1 ,1 "for the LVEma w^ t R " 1 fuH ^ the ^ whioh h Kl hfl effecfc " f "^ou^g a number ofconfedeS cavalry, who TS OF THE TWO AEMIES NEAR MUNSON S vMunson s Hill is about five miles from the Chain Brid our pickets were stationed, and about throo nil *P i * 1 ^ >rthcrn 6ljc of the Leesburjr 1 strong pickets, which frequently c7mc ? into i:*l! 18 Jl? ,? f -THK IIILL TnE MSTANCE about one mile from Bailey s Crossroads, Neighborhood GENEKAL WINFIELD SCOTT HANCOCK General Hancock, born in Montgomery Square, Montgomery County, Pa., February 14th, 1824, died on Governor s Island, New York harbor, February 9th, 188C, was graduated at the United States Military Academy, July 1st, 1844. He was at once brevetted second lieutenant in the Sixth Infantry, and assigned to duty at Fort Towson, Indian Territory. Served in the Mexican War, and was brevetted first lieutenant for gallant and meritorious conduct at Contreras and Churtibtisco. From 1848 till 1855 he served as regimental quartermaster and adjutant, being most of the time stationed at St. Louis. On November 7th, 1855, he was appointed assistant quartermaster, with the rank of captain, and ordered to Fort Myers, Fla., where General Ilarney was in command of the military forces operating against the Seminoles. He served under this officer during the troubles in Kansas in 1857- 58, and afterward accompanied his expedition to Utah. He was commissioned a brigadier general of volunteers by President Lincoln, September 23d, 1801, and at once bent all his energies to aid in the organization of the Army of the Potomac. During the Peninsula campaign under General McOlellan he was especially conspicuous at the battles of Williamsburg and Frazier s Farm. He took an active part in the subsequent campaign in Maryland, at the battles of South Mountain and Antietam, and was assigned to the command of the First Division of the Second Army Corps on the battlefield during the second day s fight at Antietam, September .17th, 1862. He was soon afterward made a major general of volunteers, and commanded the same division in the attempt to storm Marye s Heights at the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13th, 1862. In the three days fight at Chancellorsville, in May, 18G3, Hancock s division took a prominent part. At Gettysburg lie commanded on the left centre, which was the main point assailed by the Confederates, and was shot from his horse. Though dangerously wounded, he remained on the field till he saw that the enemy s assault was broken. Disabled by his wound, he was not again employed on active duty until March, 1864. On March 12th, 1864, he was appointed a brigadier general in the Regular Army for gallant and distinguished services in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania and Cold Harbor, and in all the operations of the army in Virginia under Lieutenant General Grant. In the movement against the Southside Railroad, which began October 26th, General Hancock took a leading part, and, although the expedition failed, his share of it was brilliant and successful. This was his last action. On July 26th, 1866, he was appointed a major general in the Regular Army, and was assigned to the command of the Department of the Missouri. He was relieved at his own request, March 28th, 1868, and given the command of the Division of the Atlantic, with headquarters in New York city. 145 r a So eS %H O b o o: ~ o r/; 2 w is -2 c -3 C 3 j>. o S -w O C O tx: = >; 0> I I !-. ^J W =22 X o H P ; M 2> a 2 H -r o > S c If, CO O c3 T sl g O cu c 5 P,- -. <D" H 148 GKNKIIAL GKOKGK G. MKADK. General Meade. burn in Cadiz, Spain, Heeembrr Hist, 1 815. died in Philadelphia. 1 a.. November 0th, Is;-. , wa< graduated from the Ur ted States Military Academy in Is:;."), and lieiran active service in the Seminole War in the same year, as second lieutenant,; upon the call to arms in 1801, he was made brigadier general; fought valiantly at Mechanicsville, Gaines s Mill and at Cross I toads. \ a.. where he was wounded; at An- tietain he took charge of (ieneral Hooker s corps upon the latter being wounded. In 180 . , he was made major general, and on June 28th, 1862, a message from Washington arrived on the field with orders for Meade to relieve Hooker as commander of the Army of the Potomac. On July 1st he met Lee at Gettysburg, where the greatest battle of the war was fought. GENERAL JAMES I?. Mcl HERSON. General McPherson, horn in Sandusky, Ohio, November 14th, 1828, died near Atlanta, Ga., July 22d, 1804, was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1853. At the beginning of the Civil War he applied for active duty with the army in the field, where his promotion was very rapid. When active operations began in the spring of 18G2 he was trans ferred to the staff of General Grant, with whom he served as chief engi neer at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh and the siege of Corinth. Ho repulsed the Confederates at Canton, Miss. ; second in command to General Sherman in the expedition to Meridian in 1864 ; and commanded the Seventeenth Army Corps in the great four months campaign of 1864 that ended in the capture of Atlanta, near where he was killed. GENERAL JOHN A. LOGAN. General Logan, born in Jackson Count} , 111., February !Hh, 1S2G, died in Washington, 1). C., December 20th, 1880. In July, ISO l, lie fought in the ranks of Colonel Richardson s regiment in the battle of Bull llun. In August he organized the Thirty-first Illinois Infantry, and was appointed its colonel, September 13th. He led his regiment in the attack on Fort Henry and at Fort Donelson, where lie received a wound that incapacitated him for active service for some time. He was made brigadier general of vol unteers, March 5th, 1802; during Grant s Northern Misssissippi campaign General Logan commanded the Third Division of the Seventeenth Army Corps under General McPherson, and was promoted major general of volunteers. liiO GENERAL GEORGE H. THOMAS. General Thomas, born in Southampton County, Va., July 31st, 1S1G, died in San Francisco, Cal., March 28th, 1870, was graduated from the United States Military Academy, Jnly 1st, 1840, and commissioned second lieutenant in the Third Artillery; served in the Florida War, 1840- i2 ; Mexican War 184G- 48 ; War against the Seminoles 1849- 50. lie was ap pointed brigadier general of volunteers. August 17th, 18G1, and assigned to duty on the Department of the Cumberland. On 25th of April, 1802, he was made major general. General Thomas served with distinction to the close of the War and was rewarded \>y receiving a vote of thanks from Congress. BATTLE OF SHILOH, OR PITTSBURG LANDING COLONEL J( >HNSON BUT (JETS ONLY ENDEAVOEIN< i A WIG. TO CAPTl HK A CONFEDERATE OFFICER, Colonel A. K. Johnson of the Twenty-eighth Illinois Regiment lias, (hiring the late war, shared in the dangers of many a daring adventure. Oi the last da} of the action at Shiloh, or Piltsburg Landing, and while the Confederates were flying in confusion from their works, three of the officer! in their flight passed very near the place where Colonel Johnson was stationed. The colonel instantly started in pursuit. Coming within pistol range he fired at the nearest of his flying foes. This brought the Confederate officer down on his horse s neck. Colonel Johnson, believing this to he a feiir to avoid a second shot, determined to drag him from his saddle by main force. Riding up to his side for tins purpose, he seized him by the hair of hi: head, hut to his astonishment and disgust he only brought off. the Confederate major s wig. Instantly recovering his headway, he again started for th( delinquent, but his pistol had done its work, and before the colonel reached him his lifeless body had fallen from the saddle. > - --I L. I i\ I if\fS>\ SUCCESSFUL CHARGE OF COMPANY H, FIEST MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT (CAPTAIN CARRUTH), ON A CONFEDERATE REDAN BEFORE YORKTOWN, APRIL 26rfi, 1862. On the morning of Saturday, April 26th, 1SG2, Company II of the First Massachusetts Volunteers, led by Captain Carruth, made a most brilliant sliarge on a Confederate redoubt, and took it at the point of the bayonet. It was defended by a company of the First Virginia Regiment, who fought with that Old Dominion valor which, to use a phrase probably heard before, "was worthy of a better cause." The Federals were exposed to a most galling fire from the instant they left the shelter of the woods until they reached the brink of the deep ditch fronting the parapet. 151 1 BOMBARDMENT OF FOKT HENRY INTERIO1 The fleet of gunboats commanded by Commodore Foote steamed up the channel, and reached the head of the inland soon after 12 o clock. At 1*: 34 t The boats kept steadily on, slowly but constantly in motion, and the firing was kept up deliberately and with regularity. Ihe shots so, no * then, ivc nt in the fort stuck well to their guns, and fired with great coolness and accuracy of aim. many of their shots striking the boats. hoy lost the thtir missiles into the fort. Soon one of the Confederate puns was dismantled, and then the fire from the fort perceptibly slackened .et kq ,t eanu One shell burst directly over one of the guns, and killed or wounded every Confederate at it. Commodore Foote was ]W BURSTING OF A RIFLED 42-POUNDEE GUN. cinnati opened with an 80-pounder shell which screamed over the water, dropped squarely into the fort, and produced a great commotion among the Confederates the fort into the camp, and smashed the barracks about, making kindling wood of the log huts, and sending terror and dismay to the soldiers. The artillerists ed 42-pounder, it bursting on the fourth fire. Still onward moved the boats straight on their bows puffing out immense volumes of white smoke and sending ;i, pouring in their shells slowly but surely. The shells tore through the embankment, knocked the gabions and sandbags about, and smothered the garrison with was about three hundred yards distant when the Confederate flag came down. >2- 1A3 Hl|.- CITY OF FKKi.KKICKsm KU, VA., FROM THK NORTH SIDE OF THE KAPFAHAXXOCK.-FKOM A SKETCH IJY OUR SPECIAL AlU IST WITH OKNF.RAL McDOWELL S DIVISION IN 1M02. .;< -txi vJ ,/ -- 3?- -^- WKffi ADVANCE OF OENERAL ROSECRAXS S DIVISION THROUOH THE FORESTS OF LAUREL HILL TO ATTACK THE CONFEDERATE INTRENCHMENTS AT RICH MOUNTAIN. General McClellan s jilau for attacking the Confederates under General Garnett in Western Virginia and driving them beyond the Alleghames involved the surprise of a large body strongly intrenched at Rich Mountain, in a position commanding the turnpike over Laurel Hill. He detailed General Itoseerans to surprise them. This in turn involved a circuitous march through the dense forests of Laurel Hill, over a wild and broken country. General Rosecnins s column of 1,600 men was guided by a woodsman named David L. Hart, who described the marjh as follows: "We started fallen timber and rocks, followed by the was very cold. At noon we came upon ... charges from our guns immediately opened action." The result of the battle is well known. It en-led in the utter rout and final capture of the Confederates under Colonel Pegram, with a loss of 150 killed and 300 wounded. vm j .~.. - j,uj\. n_-ii MHS Kuiucu uy a woodsman uttulou 1 Hviu ij. nan., \\rio iieauriuti at daylight, and I led, accompanied by Colonel lender, through a pathless wood, obstructed by bushes, laurels, fall whole division in perfect silence. Our circuit was about five miles ; rain fell, the bushes wet us through, and it wj the Confederate pickets, and after drawing the dampened charges from our guns immediately opened action." Th 154 SHILOH LOG CHAPEL, WHERE THE BATTLE OF SHILOH COMMENCED, APRIL UTH, 18(12. GALLANT CHARGE OP THE SIXTH REGIMENT, UNITED STATES REGULAR CAVALRY, UPON THE CONFEDERATE STUART S CAVALRY- THE CONFEDERATES SCATTERED IN CONFUSION AND SOUGHT SAFETY IN THE WOODS, MAY OTH, 1862. enemy At three o clock p. M. on May 9th, 1862, eighty men of the Sixtli Regular Cavalry had advanced to Slatersville, when a considerable force of the ly was observed directly in front. The Sixth charged upon the Confederates, and obliged them to retreat precipitately. The charge made by the M ill f*J1 Vfl,l 1*V !l!> t Mfi OOrn IT! ATI AftfT* Ant nf f lio clri *m ioli nm n n-*-ilrt* , 1 ; , 1 1 , - -.., 4- n ^l ,,,^ A K n !j.~J J-l, -. ^t 4-Kn -rtirt*<i 1 i ^ nr\r*i rvionrl f\$ f Kn f.vri/M"iQ Til A Federal cavalry at the commencement of the skirmish was splendidly executed, and elicited the praise of the general in command of the troops. The Confederate cavalry was advancing toward the Federals when they formed in line and waited the approach of the enemy. When he had arrived suffi ciently near they made dash upon him, cutting their way through the line and causing the utmost concision to prevail, after which they returned to quarters by a road leading through the woods on the right of the enemy. J.D0 P 2.W 3 5o CD rr 1 ^ & a- p 3 J CD 1 5= , - I s I > a: o H cc W fe) H K fel M O d > H M Q O U H Sd H I I ^ hH O H s "^ B ? 3/n tn S-? o 3 .. 2 3 3 s "* o CD - O 3 MO ^ "d O ^ CD Q-i si K M trj P a o CO I o a H i s w d t H !z| a: O H w B w P O CD -1 3 p M 3 so- t^t 01 g. O H W w d CO | ! -i - , --*= i i;>cfe Ifit M 111^ S, ^ o Jj S3 _> "s s s S y -S j-H ^ 2 --"^ :? 1 I O O w e> jy a; -^ 3 - o 3 a ^ O H W , = T3 O -a O 4-3 K OJ ^S w -11 ^ -s* > :s.~ M g O CO x H 3 S g !S 03 1 O w H 5 W Q H *% 1^ d 7 5 >E-S, ;s S | a ^3 " p a o 5P=s 73 -4-J GO >- OJ O = 5 a3 fl ^"1 2|5 ^^ a g a> * 2 S - g S f o <H o Jj ho _ fl .2 I- f "oj O> *" rd S-n 53 I.M 0> 0) o 55 r*( =3 a a H a w 3 -; . d ft 2 S ... ^r= !> !B a ^ III - a _ b 2H S "^ ^ S-T3 o S a> rn a S S S 3 rt t^T3 OJ o 2 a _2 " 13 2 O 01 C -2 d o 5 S beta ; &o S 1^2 *j a> lo^ 811 a> u o of. ll 168 lj ::.! *- 1. f a bco CO o be - ^ -S ^ "c cu ~ ci <P -*- 1 be | *:* J to C, .0 C g^ _ : ;fj . ~ r~ f-fi W I c _= .^.^ *f* r_-H QJ ~ ^ i H l^" 8 Q ^ o be LZ) o -~* ^r w o t_ O 5 c s w " K ^r- 2 < "3 C a^ a C be g ^ < a " IB i MH ci ~*^t " HH " QJ H -X c ^ ^ ^ -^ tri " ^~- < ^ ^ ^ P o be ?! I-H C3 O o 2 -i X "">-. O ^ " be o H o 2 ~ | l|| W "5 * = r^ - ff P-H c3 Q3 W &> o O "^ fi, fc C S O * Iff *^4 13 -C en -. C rt >> S S a> -^ Sf5 = ^ c "H & 2 IS as "3 Jt ** 0-7= -, <-" 03 o is o be^; S n .. O> O -^- iPfvV faj} * ^ / I =? v %: -jffr7 / , i ^ -*-x v .-Jril.^^xSj-^r -^ ^: 161 TKAVKLTXf! IN STATE "--(iKNKUAL JJLiLXSIDK OX TI1K 1JOAD FROM XEW BEKXE TO BEAUFORT, X. C. BURNING OF THE AMKUICAN MERCHANTMAN " HAKVEV BIRCH," OF NEW YORK, CAPTAIN NELSON, IN THE BRITISH CHANNEL, BY THE CONFEDERATE STEAMER " NASHVIL-LE," CAPTAIN 1 EAGRIM, NOVEMBER ITiii, 18C1. On the 17th of November, 18C1, the Harecy Birch, & splendid New York vessel of 1,480 tons and valued at $150,000, was on her way from Havre to New York in ballast, commanded by Captain Nelson, with officers and crew, all told, twenty-nine men. In latitude 49.G north, long tude 0.52 west, he was brought to by the Confederate steamer Nashville, and boarded by an officer and boat s crew, who took the crew of tbo Eir:h on board the Nashville, robbed the vessel of everything valuable, and then act firo to it, the commander. Peagrim, watching her destruction from his own dc"c> 1(52 DESPERATE ENGAGEMENT, APRIL 24m, 1802, BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES GUNBOAT "YARUNA," COMMANDER BOGGS, AND THH CONFEDERATE STEAM RAM "J. C. BRECKINRIDGE " AND THE GUNBOAT " GOVERNOR MOORE." of the Varunn, finding that the Confederate ram J. C. Breckinndf/e was about to run into him, put the vessel in such a position that ia henna- damaged ho could repay it with interest. On came the ram, all clad with iron about the bow, and hit the Varunn m the port waist, " and cleared out to butt again. Site hit the Varuna a second time, and while in a suiting C-iptain cu CO tlino- and crushin"- iu her sido. She dropped. alongside, and cleared out to butt again. She hit the Varuna a si ndiiTon the Varuna poured her 8-inch shells into her so fast that the Confederate was set on fire and driven on shore. INFERNAL MACHINE DESIGNED BY THE CONFEDERATES TO DESTROY THE FEDERAL FLOTILLA IN THE POTOMAC DISCOVERED BY CAPTAIN BUDD OF THE STEAMER "RESOLUTE." An infernal machine designed by the Confederates to blow np the Pawn** and the vessels of the Potomac flotilla, which J^f ^^JJJJt^JjJl Creek, was picked up on the 7th of Julv, 1861. floatino- toward the Pawnee. The following description of the article was sent to . n ,i w Hi larm " Two large eighty-gallon oil casks, perfectly watertight, aotino- as bnovs. connected bv twenty-five fathoms of three-and-a-half. squares of cork, every two feet secured to casks bv iron handles. A heavv bomb of boiler iron, fitted with a brass tap and li P er * pended to the casks six feet under water. On top of the cask wa* n wooden box. with fuse in a gutta-percha tube. In the centre < a platform with a gre-il length of fuse coiled awny. rr.oiipyir.g the middle of the cask." 103 General Avfi-ill, born in Cameron. Steiiben County, N. Y., November 5th, IS:! . , was graduated at. tin; United States .Military Academy in June, 1855. ami assigned to the mounted rilleinen. He was promoted to be first lieutenant of the mounted riflemen, May 14th, 1S01, and was on staff duty in the neighborhood of Washington, participating in the, battle of Bull Kim and other engagements, until August 23d, 18(11, when he was ap pointed colonel of the Third I ennsvl vania Cavalry. He was engaged with the Army of the I oi ic. in its most important campaigns. In March, 1803, he began the series of cavalry raids in Western Virginia that made his name famous. His services were continuous up to May, 1805, when lie resigned, having been brevetted major gene:ul in the meantime. GENERAL .TUHSOV KILPAT1UCK. General Kilpatrick born near Deckertown, N. J., Januarv 14th, 1836, ...Valparaiso Chili, December 4th, 1881, was graduated from the Stales \ ihtary Academy in 18(51; was appointed a captain of vol- r \i > , th ,5 V r nu,ted first lieutenant of artillery in the Regular Army May 14th, 1801 ; was wounded at Big Bothe] and disabled for several was engage.! in various skirmishes in the Western Virginia cam- paigii and at the second battle of Bull Run ; took rart in the battle of ttysburg, earning there the brevet of lieutenant colonel in the United Army : was brevetted colonel for bravery at Resaca. and promoted major general of volunteers, June 18th, 18C5. He resigned his volunteer commission oil January 1st, 1886. GENEKAL GORDON GRANGER. General Granger, born in Xow York in 1S21, died in Santa Fe, N. M., January 10th, IST i, was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1845 ; took part in the principal battles of the Mexican War. When the Civil War began he served on the staff of General McClellan in Ohio ; then in Missouri ; was brevetted major for gallant services at Wilson s Creek ; and on September -M, 1801, became colonel of the Second Michigan Cavalry ; on March 2i!th, 1SH2, he was made a brigadier general, and commanded the cavalry in the operations that led to tiie fall of Corinth. Ho became a major general of volunteers on September 17th, 1802. lie distinguished himself in the battles of Chickarnauga and Missionary Ridge. On January loth, 1800, he was mustered out of the volunteer service. 164 COLONEL E. E. CROSS. Colonel Cross, born in Lancaster, X. II., April 22d, 1832, died near Gettysburg, Pa., July 2d, 1803. In I860 he held a lieutenant colonel s com mission in the Mexican Army, but when the news of the attack on Fort RH inter reached him ho at once resigned and offered his services to the Governor of New Hampshire ; organized tho Fifth Xew Hampshire Regi ment and was commissioned as its colonel; distinguished himself in many important engagements. ITe was mortally wounded at Gettysburg while leading the First Division of the Second Army Corps. DESPERATE SKIRMISH AT OLD CHURCH, NEAR TUNSTALL S STATION, VA., BETWEEN A SQUADRON OF THE FIFTH UNITED STATES CAVALRY AND STUART S CONFEDERATE CAVALRY, JUNE 13, 1862 DEATH OF THE CONFEDERATE CAPTAIN LATANE. The Confederate cavalry raid was first to Old Church, where they had a skirmish with a squadron of the Fifth United States Cavalry, who gallantly cut their way through the greatly superior numbers of the enemy, killing a Confederate captain. The Confederates then proceeded to Garlick s Landing, on the Paminikey lliver, and only four miles from the White House ; thence to Tunstall s Station ; thence to Baltimore Crossroads, near Xew Kent Courthouse, on their way to Richmond, which they reached by crossing the Chickahomhiy, between Bottom s Bridge and James River. BATTLE OF SHTLOH, OR PITTSBURG LANDING LEFT WING- THE WOODS ON FIRE DURING THE ENGAGEMENT OF SUNDAY, APRIL OTH, 1862 FORTY-FOURTH INDIANA VOLUNTEERS ENGAGED. The right wing of General Hurlbut s division stopped the advance of the Confederates by a determined defense along a side road leading through the woods on the right of the field. The Twenty-fifth and Seventeenth Kentucky and Forty-fourth and Thirty-first Indiana Regiments were engaged. By some means the dry leaves and thick underbrush which covered this locality took fire, filling the woods with volumes of smoke, and only discovering the position of the opposing forces to each other by the unceasing rattle of musketry and the whizzing of the bullets. 165 Ibti " : -r " ^-..V-" MARTIN S MASSACHUSETTS BATTERY C OPENING FIRE ON THE CONFEDERATE FORTIFICATIONS COMMANDING THE APPRO ACIIEH TO YORKTOWN, APRIL i,rn, 18G2. BURNSIDE EXPEDITION- THE FLEET AND TRANSPORTS OFF HATTERAS DURING THE STORM-THE GENERAL GIVING ORDERS. Never had any expedition in the history of the world to pass through a severer ordeal; everything seemed to conspire against it nature with her storms, and human nature with her villainy. In addition to the warring elements there was the subtle treachery of Northern traitors who deliberately periled the lives of thousands for the sake "of gain. Compared to such men as the New York contractors whom the gallant Burnside anathematized m the bitterness of his heart even Judas Iscariot becomes human. Our correspondent wrote that one of the most exciting scenes during this trying crisis was when, off Hatteras, General Burnside sprang up the rigging of the vessel to give his directions. 171 Till; FKDKKAL KITCHKX OX TIIK MAKCH TO FREDKRICKSBURG WITH THREE DAYS RATIONS. W>\ ^Mfife^s ^f^ V ^ s*sfe**:^waj; *fe^T^ v ^Csigyi" , vwF* j% - < %^^wt i^M^- - i &?;. / -.. M -A CAPTAIN- MULLER S BATTERY - COMPANY OF THE SEVENTY-SEVENTH PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT MAKING FASCINES AND GABIONS FOR BREASTWORKS. ep^j^f|S^^ ^SS^^^^^^f^^S^ff^S^^^S ^^^^f^^^j^S^Ss^^^^^^^^S^ re ranged m a contmnoua line, forming a compiete Stwork. br&uche3 and twi S 8 m ^tening the gabions, the pointed stakes ofwhich CAPTAIN KNAPP S BATTERY ENGAGING THE CONFEDERATES AT THE BATTLE OF CEDAR MOUNTAIN, AUGUST OTII, 1802 THIS BATTERY FIRED THE FIRST AND LAST SHOT. Captain Knapp s battery deserved great credit ; it s Tiring was admirable; and although the first to fire a shot, it was ^also the last. Several times did this skillful soldier and his well-trained men cheek the advance of the enemy, and finally compelled him to retire. The skill with which Captain Knapp chose his position was very conspicuous, and was much commended by General Hanks. ESCORTING MAJOR TAYLOR, OF NEW ORLEANS, THE BEARER OP A FLAG OF TRUCE, BLINDFOLDED, TO THE CONFEDERATE LINES, AFTER HIS UNSUCCESSFUL MISSION. On the 8th of July, 1861, the pickets of the Eighth New York Regiment, Colonel uyons. observed a small party of Confederate soldiers approaching ith a flag of truce. This proved to be from Manassas Junction, and protected Major Taylor, of New Orleans, who bore letters from Jefferson Dane nd General Beauregard to President Lincoln and General Scott. Colonel Lvons telegraphed to "Washington, and in reply received orders to send the i 1 4 .__*!_. _ 1. _ 1 1 _ j 1 1- i 1 j-i m ^ T Ti *_.-. flft ,-,1 , . * t-f\ O TT *-VlO + T\f\ Qll CUT Of *V11 Q (Tl VP. II - with and dispatches on. A council was held, when the dispatches from the eminent Confederates were read. It is sufficient to say that no answer -yas given, nod Major Taylor was conducted to the Confederate linee in the manner portrayed in our sketch. 173 ^ i . , > i-. < X J -(Tv "" -w im ",^ V" ^vTF Jitdt ViJi; 1 !,^"^ i T^*KV5iJSij; V JV 1 , > i^W fef -*4. I^Sw^^^ GENERAL ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT. General Grant, eighteenth President of the United States, born at Point Pleasant, Clerinout County, 0., April 2?th, 1822, died on Mount McGregor, near Saratoga, N. Y., July 23d, 1885, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1843, and commissioned brevet second lieutenant in the Fourth Infantry ; captain ; adjutant general of Illinois ; colonel of the Twenty-first Illinois Volunteers ; brigadier general, lieutenant general and general of the United States armies; Republican in politics; famous for his successes in the Civil War, 1861 66 J captured Fort Henry, on tho Tennesae" River, and Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland, in 1802 ; defeated at Shiloli Church, near Pittsburg Landing, by General Albert Sidney Johnston, where the latter was mortally wounded, but, being re-enforced by General Bnell, drove tho Confederate army back to Corinth, which was afterward evacuated by the Confederates, May 29th, 1802; this involved the fall of Fort Pillow and Memphis, Tenn.; defeated Pemberton at Champion Hills and at the Big Black, and forced the Confederates to surrender Vicksburg, Miss. , with 30,000 men, July 4th, 18G3 ; Port Hudson surrendered to General Banks, and the Mississippi Kiver was thus wrested from the Confederates. Grant s victories in tho West and Lee s defeat at Gettysburg, Pr,., were derisive. Defeated Lee s Confederate army at Five Forks, Va., April 1st, J8C4; Lee evacuated Richmond and Petersburg on the night of April 2d, and surrendered his army to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on tho 9th; Johnston s army surrendered, 2Cth of the same month, 1804 ; and so tho greatest Civil War of modern times was ended. General Grant made a tour around the world, passing through the great coi arrivfd back at San Francisco, Cal., September 20th, 1879. countries of the globe, and 17C MORTAR PRACTICE PUTTING IN THE SHELL. SIEGE OP ISLAND NO. 10, ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER NIGHT BOMBARDMENT BY THE FEDERAL HORTAK BOATS, TEN O CLOCK P. M., MARCH 18, 1862. On the 16th of March, 18G2. the mortar fleet and the gunboats, consisting of the Cincinnati, Pittsburrj, St. Louis, Silver Wave, Carondelct, Mound City, Conuxtoija, Louisville, Rob Roy, Alps, Wilson, J-ake Erie, Great Western and Torrence, and nine mortar boats, arrived near the Point. These were accompanied by several tugboats. On the 18th they opened fire, which, after some hours delay, was returned by the Confederate batteries. This con tinued for several days, with very little loss to the Federal troops, owing to the iron casing of the vessels. The study of mortar firing is very interesting. Our sketch represents the manner in wliirh tli HmnlrA mils and a small r-nlnmn frnmiantlv onlitn /\nt. roVion fVia oVioll r>acoo=. The shell itself can be rolls through the air, very glo\f of surpassing brightness several days, with very Julie loss to the Federal troops, owing to the iron casing of the vessels. The study of morta: sketch represents the manner in which the smoke rolls, and a small column frequently splits out when the shell passes, at night during its entire flight, the fuse having the appearance of a star, which appears and disappears as the shell i the twinkling of the celestial orbs. The explosion of the shell at night is a magnificent and fearful eight, sending a glov rl -It- it n t I , , . . I . r,^ * 1J _i _ 1 _. . i * V * "V ll 1 ^ -ecu like the wround it as though some world of combustible \ight had burst. ffl i" i F S ,ii it it Mi ^ 178 H H O t) C K* X H ffl E 1 C m H C a ffi H W e t? C K H rc d !z! ts O cc !> I 1 g 179 sis a o I a <B 3 ,3.8 -3 [L O a H o-i H B -; O a o ^r* ^ ^. o a o ^-s i ^ -^ 5 3 _*.- 3 * ^ a "- as o s-3 -<" 1 ^ a rT ^|| O o , . ^ o 1-3- 3 ? ^ ^S- 2 "" _ T> O o 2 n O w p- Kj c !Z| H H w > H O H w S w a H W o o "d w 9 w o H W H ^ P _. a o> T T) J a p ^ p ri- CD O CQ rt- t-H 2 o 3 O i (ENKKAI. GKOIU. K A. CUSTEK. (iencral Cnster. horn in \eu liumlev. Harrison County. Ohio. Decem ber .">th. IS. i .i. died in Montana. June 25th. 1H76. was graduated at the United States Military Academy in June 1S01. and reported for duty at Washington: was assigned to duty as lieutenant in the Fifth Cavalry, and participated, on the dav of his arrival at the front, in the first battle of Bull linn. For darinir gallantry in a skirmish at Aldie. and in the action at Brandv Station, as well as in the closing operations of the Happahannock campaign, he was appointed brigadier general of volunteers, (ieneral Cnster. with his entire command, was slain by the Sioux Indians in the buttle of Little Big Horn, in Montana, June 2.jth, GENERAL .T. T. SPRAGUE. General Sprague, born in Newburyport. Mass., July 3d, 1810, died in New York city. September 6th. 1878." In 1834 he became second lieu tenant in the Marine Corps, and served in the Florida War, being twice promoted for meritorious conduct, and brevetted captain on March 15th, He was given the full rank in 1846. and brevetted major, May 30th, He was made major of the First Infantry, May 14th, 1861, and when stationed with his regiment in Texas was taken prisoner by General Twiggs, but was released on parole, and became mustering and disbursing officer at Albany, N. Y. He retired from the army, July 15th, 1870. COLONEL ULPJC 1>A1I1.< iliKX. Colonel Dahlgren. horn in Bucks Comity. J a., in 1842. died near King and Queen s Courthouse. Va.. .March 4th. 18C4. At the beginning of the Civil War he was sent by his father to plan and take charge of a naval battery on Maryland Heights. Tie then became aid to General Sigel, and served through Fremont s and 1 ope s campaigns, acting as Sigel s chief of artillery at the second battle of Bull Ifun ; served on General Hooker s staff, distinguishing himself at Chancellorsville, and as aid to General Meade at Gettysburg rendering important service. He lost his life in a raid planned by him, in concert with General Kilpatrick, to release tlie Federal prisoners at Libby Prison and Belle Isle. GENERAL LORENZO THOMAS, General Thomas, born in Newcastle, Del.. October 20th, 1804. died in Washington, D. C., March 2d, 1875, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1823 ; served in the Florida and Mexican Wars, and received the brevet of lieutenant colonel for gallantry at Monterey. On the 7th of May, 18G1, he was brevetted brigadier general, and made adjutant general of the army on August 3d, with the full rank of brigadier general. He served until 1863, when he was intrusted for two years with the organization of colored troops in the Southern States. He was brevetted major general, United States Army, on March 13th, 1865. He was retired in 1869. -" . -^, INCIDENT IN THE MARCH OF GENERAL BANKS S DIVISION DURING A STORM IN WESTERN MARYLAND, THE HUMORS OF A PRISON-SCENE IN A STATTON-HOUSE CELL, WASHINGTON, D. 0., AFTER THE APPOINTMENT OF THE PROVOST MARSHAL, GENERAL PORTER, OCTOBER, 1861. After the appointment of General Porter as provost marshal there was a marked improvement in the public thoroughfares of Washington. Till th< too many officers imbibed at Willard s and other fashionable bars, while their men drank at the lower grogshops. The result was a sati drunkenness and military iusurbordiuation which culminated at Bull Run. Our sketch represents the incongruous elements found one the cull of a station house. jrd^-^ GALLANT ATTACK BY 150 OF THE PENNSYLVANIA BUCKTAILS, LED BY COLONEL KANE, UPON A PORTION OF GENII J tho t he 8t ^" ic actions of the war, the attack of the famous Bucktails, under their gallant leader, Colonel Kane, upon a h.r-lx an.lH.sra.hs wl,;:;;. I is rc^m^t w. SSSfe t0 r ilr<1 Whl 1 C \ r la , the Co f ?< ler ^ ^ e re in full retreat, closely but warilv pursued bv Generals Fremot, 1 1 of Pennsvlvm -\ A\ " I \ ! ", ld , lu " ist lf wounded and taken prisoner. It will.be seen that the humanity of Colonel Kane 1. lii rernVSeTbl. Co^iel K ne of the Hn kt l " T ?""*> ^ " back , thc ll<)1<1 ^"^enitw. The evening was waxing late; General Fn,non. Mi in the i>ines- they were i. "i e ! f l . em> g enera1 wlth ". v Bucktails." "Just forty minutes I ll give von, colonel," said < lei Bucktai were f \ * 7 ?*F f fire flashl "8 f . rom the lnllzzles of than a thousand muskets ; but not a sign, nor the shad- ft telds of waving green, firing as they did so-bt not the 150 that went in. The rest lie under the archfa^In JNEWALL JACKSON S CONFEDERATE ARMY, STRONGLY POSTED IN THE WOODS, NEAE HARRISONBURG, FRIDAY, JUNE GTH, 1862. Bayard, pulling out his watch. " Peep through the woods on our left, see what is in there, and out again when the time is up." In go the 150 at an opening sign, of yielding. Their fire met the enemy s straight and unyielding as the blade of a matador. Oh for re-euforcements ! But none came. Ine brave sign if the treacherous forest. 1 iYisiox CROSSING ni!-: PONTOON PRII>;K OYFJI THE STIENAXDOAH I;IVKI; ix PURSUIT OF THK coNi i:i>i:i;.\TK GKNKIJAL JACKSON AND ins Ararv. f^>&xc*-^ **::_ -^i-> _. i \ tCK. AT FOttTKESS MOXHOK. VA . TV 18T.1 -VOLUNTEERS RECEIVING LETTERS AND PACKAGES FROM HOME. It is only th need hardly describe a good tilings sent to tlio absent h! // " m le fpvoristl nnxicty of the troops to hear from those thev liiid loft at home. We I he name of Adams Express was a household one, both to the donor and receiver of BIVOUAC OF THE FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS OF THE TWELFTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT DURING A STORMY NIGHT, ON THEIR MARCH FROM HYATTSTOWN, MD. ^y^y^ff^^^M ;^ l "~ jM :t -L^A \ ^ GBOTJP OF CONFEDERATE PRISONERS CAPTURED AT FORT DONELSON, ON THE MORNING AFTER THE SURRENDER, CLOTHED IN BED BLANKETS, PIECES OF CARPETING, ETC. The Confederate prisoners who lounged around the fort the day after its surrender presented a state of haggard misery which took all the romance out of rebellfo" and made it seem the horrible thing it was. The prisoners had the double aspect of wretchedness-that of the countenance and of the garb. Io7 H X . o K h I t- C X ca H - cc X H B Q o a 8 O < P- IS 1 H T O Cl H ffi IS Q d ^ X K K C Si II t? W J o H W R Q cc O O ^ G S O o > k H K H O K O X o M g" 2, <i O 3 O "= f, O O ^ . =3 . *: o S-s oo =. =? o ^* ~ O O ^ P o S *n !"= ~ -! C6 -! Q 3 iq o C ".- 2 5 CD CD P^ 3 ~ *" 00 O 03 8= 3^ O "I- a: crq 5! Tl ^ ft) ^S "- J3 ET o - O 83 H En o 2 ^N 2 -3 co EPl W fi = ^ c o tw^ 5 Or ^ -5 i ^ o cj -*-j *r~ ^- T: *Z ~ ~o <; coo; c "c o .2 C C3 O e ti. c c a] I PS H -K j= H - E *S | X H * E W g^^ h^ S oc 6 ^ SE g M! P- = . ? Ill * .- c 4! 0) W (3 so "% 2$ ~k n I I WHraS,! U> |] R 1;!^ LlfliJ OTL^-m** ^ M^UI H LI Kf V M]1 ^Jaife-. fji. g r5 5: rS a^PI^tl SSS kL VliM^L^^f^^iif! H 1 J94 ; * .]* >-- o H cj P H a B H ? ^ M 3 H H H I u > K o H W w s I if* ~ o ^ B P c H g O H O W w H W t> O w o p w w H 8 5 " 5 5 B .t O o N o K ^ c ,_- ^ a- tc 5 P o -s S te O .i C o ^ w o W) ..= S" C3 ij " ,- CC W " c ^ -^ W 2 Z S - g W H W O fe u o wg-=^ H "^ | O ^ 1 $ H ~ - I i>-o s^ o pa H H H W C o ^ ^ = ^^a ^ o -. -5 01 c E -y >,2" t g" * C r- 4! E c *- S * H 0) 7" *P3 a^a *s c c: fill General parents wen infant. Al Eleventh N ew V New York li egillient . c: Kin-node s expedil ,,,,.,, in (,i;ma la, Spain, January 18th. 18:31. His he was brought, to the United States when an ^ ,,f the war he was lieutenant, colonel of the ~ia li e jiment. In 1801 he raised the Fifty-first ,,1 the "Shepard 1, itles." and led a brigade in Koanok* Island, where his regiment, took the the battles of first fortified redoubt, ea]. lured in tne war. He was in South Mountain and Antietam. and for his bravery in the hitter engage ment was appointed brigadier genera], September 19th, 1802. He served tmetionut Fredericksburg, Yieksburg and the siege of Petersburg. .revetted a major ireneral, December 2d, 1804, and mustered out 111 GENERAL LEWIS WALLACE. Wallace, born in Brookville, Franklin County, Ind., April 10th, 1827. served in tho Mexican War as first lieutenant of Company II, First Indiana Infantry. At the beginning of the Civil War he was appointed adjutant general of Indiana, soon afterward becoming colonel of the Elev enth Indiana Volunteers, with which he served in Western Virginia. Ho bo- came brigadier general of volunteers, September 3d, 1861 ; led a division at the capture of Fort Bonclson, and displayed such ability that his com mission of major general of volunteers followed on March 2d, 1862. In 1863 he prepared the defenses of Cincinnati, and was subsequently as signed to the command of the Eighth Army Corps. With 5.800 men he intercepted the march of Genera] Early, with 28,000 men, on Washington, I). C.; and on July 9th, 1864, he fought the battle of the Monocacy. General Wallace was mustered out of the volunteer service in 1865. GENERAL MICHAEL CORCORAN. (, uieral Corel ran, born in Carrowkeel, County Sligo. Ireland, Septem ber 21st, 1827, died near Fairfax Courthouse, Ya.. December 22d, 1863. Upon the first call of the President for troops in 1861 Colonel Corcoran led the Sixtv-ninth Regiment to the seat of war. It was ordered into Virginia, bulk Fort Corcoran, on Arlington Heights, and fought with im petuous valor at the battle of Hull linn. The colonel was wounded and taken prisoner, lie was offered his liberty on condition of not again tak ing up arms against the South, but refused to accept on such terms. An exchange being finally effected, August loth, 1802, he was released, and commissioned brigadier sreneral. dating from July 21st. 1801. He next organized the Corcoran Lesion, which took part in the battles of the Xansemond liiver and Suffolk during April, 1863. General Corcoran was killed by the falling of his horse upon him. GENERAL (il .oKCi: SYKES. General Rykes, born in Dover, Del., October 9th, 1822, died in Brownsville, Texas, February 9th, 1880, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in" 1842, and assigned to the Third Infantry ; served in the Florida and Mexican Wars, and was brevetted captain for gallantry at Contreras, Chnrubnsco and the capture of the city of Mexico. lie became major of the Fourteenth Infantry, May 14th, 1861 ; was at the battle of Bull Run, and then commanded the regular infantry at Washington till March. 1862. He took part in the Peninsula campaign, receiving the brevet of colonel for gallantry at Gaines s Mill and in the sue ceeding operations of the Army of the Potomac. At the close of the war ho wae brevetted major general for gallant services in tho field. , THE MTLITAKY ArniolirrrF.S AT \VASHIX<iT()\. 1). C., FAAMIMNG PASSES TN isr.l. Tin. scene was of frequent occurrence. A gallant volunteer wishes to take a short furlough in order to show his Jiatirfr the wonders of tin- capital city. The provost, marshal is scrutinizing the doeument with considerable interest, as though he has some latent douL TAKING AWAY THE COLORS OF THE SEVENTY-NINTH NEW YORK REGIMENT FOR INSUBORDINATION AND MUTINY, WASHINGTON, D. 0., AUGUST HTH, 1861. The scene during the roadin ff of tin- order of General McClollan was exceedingly impressive. The mm was just g^ng down and in the ha,, .nonntain twilight the" features and forms of officers and men could scarcely be distinguished. Inimed.a ely behind Mi an 1 was Gene al Porte, m, and self-possesse-J. Colonel Stevens was in front of the regiment, endeavoring to quiet his rather nervous horse. In the . leai ot the reg lars and little distance apart. (Jeneral Sickles sat careles.lv on horseback, coolly smoking a cigar and conversing with some friends A one tin e du ing t\ reading a murmur passed through the lines of the mutineers: and "when the portion of the order directing the rcg.men to m remer ^ co on, w^ road a private in one of the rear lines cried out. in broad Scotch tones, "Let s keep the colors boys ! *o response was m ado_ 1, the rer n-undei o the regiment. Major Sykes at once rode np the line to where the voice was heard. It would have been more than the soldiers life was noi he been discovered at the moment in pistol range by any of the officers. S\ \ - BATTLE OF MILL SPRING, ON THE CUMBERLAND RIVER, NEAR JAMESTOWN, BETWEEN A CONFEDERATE FORCE, 8,000 SI JANUARY 19rn, W>2- One of the most dashing, desperate and decisive battles of the war took place on Sunday, January 19th. 1862, when a Confederate army c o clock in the morning, and the engagement soon became general. Zollieoffor found, however, that instead of surprising General Thomas that -^ a> result was doubtful till near the conclusion of the conflict. The death of Colonel Peyton, who fell gallantly at the head of his regiment, naa mi j 1 ri__*_J V.H!MA ff^ n -i- A ,, , \ ,! 1-..I. nnwnvMtl *-.f 1* lQ dlflfl TT11 HlOO K > hour, BA the Fourth Kenti Ml 11 IV l>. r- - 1*V"*J fnOKllI^ tentueky Re-jiment was deploying on the flank of the Confederate army, Zollieoffer. attended hv several of his aids . m o ^ , g l.cin-r .liscovere.l one <.f the Con federate officers fired at Fry and shot his horse. Almost at the same instant Colonel Pry drew his revolver an i jg Somerset. The news spread like wildfire through the Confederate army, which fled with precipitation, and at half-past three not a Confe IX-feB GENERAL ZOLLICOFFER, AND THE FEDERAL TROOPS, *,000 STRONG, COMMANDED BY GENERAL THOMAS, FOUGHT SUNDAY, * : bl THE CONFEDERATE ARMY. .- Generals Zollieoffer and Crittenden, were totally routed by General Thomas, at the head of about 4,000 Federal troops. The cannonading began at four .leer was ready for him. The Confederates fought gallantly throughout that dismal Sabbath day, and owing to their decided superiority in numbers the ( he spirits of the Confederates, but the fall of the,, commander, Zollicoffer, about ten minutes past three in the afternoon, completed their rout. At that ! inderwood, and suddenly emerged before Colonel Fry, who was also with several officers. At first they mistook each other for friends, but upon the mistake i. icoffer through the heart. His aids, seeing their commander slain, deserted the body, which was taken charge of by the Federal troops, and carried to SCI.M: IN CAMP i.iri: COMPANY MESS or TIIK TIIIUTKKNTII ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS IN THEIR CAMP BEFORE CORINTH, MISS. %$M, IHIII/r AIUWND TIIK OFFICKKS 1 QUARTKIIS ()! TIIK FIRST MINNESOTA REGIMENT, COLONEL SULLY, NKAR FAIU OAKS. VA. Tin! First Minnesota Regiment, Colonel A. Sully, liilie dreaming liow noon they would liavp to abandon their handiwork to tlio enemy, erected :i fort ground tlio i-oiiiiiiodioiis funnlioiisi-. near Fair Oaks, which, after the luittlo of Seven Pines May 31st, 1802, had been given to their captains and lieutenants for their <|iiarterx. The appearance was so strange that an oflicer of (leneral McClellan s staff made a sketch and sent it to us. HATTLE 01- CHARLES OTTY ROAD CHARGE OF THE JERSEY BRIGADE THE FIRST NEW JERSEY BRIGADE, GENERAL TAYLER, DE TACHING ITSELF FROM GENEIiAL SLOCUM S DIVISION AND RUSHING TO THE SUPPORT OF GENEHAL KKAKNVS DIVISION, WHICH HAD BEEN DRIVEN HACK, THUS TURNING THE FORTUNES OF THE DAY, JUNE :!(hii, IfSU-J, SIX O CLOCK P. M. ^=^~_ - COLONEL PILSON S BATTERY SHELLING THE REAR GUARD OF THE CONFEDERATE GENERAL JACKSON S ARMY, AT THE CROSSING OF THE SHENANDOAH RIVER, TUESDAY, JUNE SD, 1862. As soon as Colonel Pilson could bring up his guns they were unlimbered on either side of the road and opened on the Confederate batteries. Beyond the river stretched a broad plain, the further end of which sloped gradually up into an irregular eminence, along which the enemy had placed its artillery on its further side, and in the neighboring woods its troops were quietly encamped, out of range, and with the Shenandoah River in their rear were safe for the night, as they supposed. It was soon found that the distance was too great for the guns. Colonel Albert, chief of staff, ws in advance, and reconnoitring the position, with a soldier s eye saw that the river bent suddenly half a mile beyond the bridge, and sent Schirmer battery to a hill on this side, which flanked the Confederate camp, and at once forced them to withdraw to a more secure position. 908 was 1 o w 33 H O T. ! CfifsS^^V 5 ? , i T?*5 1 --, "-* s>- "- 1 . w* - ?>^-*\ X x r^ X a y. -t; * H ii W C W o CJ LJ H (9B* ; , . "" m& ;?*&: - ^^ L m \ > i i|i/-fj [ ! - I -il^l i - M-^ H O H O 205 i^ iS i.- os^a o fr * rs.2 > sf-s J w2 ^- o *- fe j: s .S C _jS cj <D s-S s S w S 6 ll tO W Fd 2 ?== a *g* !M ? 3 ^XT3 so 3 " s - co _o . o> 3* C M ^ S ^2-^ ^=^ = "=2 O OJ * c cs cj a C r o 111! 2rS & g 2 ,. = S ^- -^ QJ "*~* ^2 _ 3 !K ^ ""? ? <*> ^ c t, Jg = ti cS "-^ I B i* .= 60S occ C O _! s o O S .fc. a .a ^^Z g 0^ to -*^ ^ C H M c_ ci 3 o - _ Offi"" ~ J- 1 g g-2 o.2 ~" c ^ Kil o jr O =^0 _2 Ji. ^ .2 || 16 - 2^ ^ 2^So ooE-5 ?^o-S ^O^: fc, B l.-S Sg >--=-" Oh (A &S= c <" C_ >-, o o > r s^: -. ca -WOO OJ - BII a> o g! m o - 25 e,Jt X - ^ _ c o 3.5 3 "3 2. ct> rt> o p . co on *5T ;? p m ^ S 5 t 2 o I s ~"2^ =s ^ s - <. g- 3 0,0 - 2 s- > 00 . P 2 Oq c B 2 " o 2" ^ P 2. Sio- - cfc r^- <-^ r:* Kn ^i- 55 5 ^ re" 3 no o ^ Cl^ h-H ^ r " O = L . 03 2 2 O 2 S S o " "* OQ ^ <^ ~ p 9-_.o P w - 3 ^ S E ^ & * I = gc , ^ ". * 2 ^; ro c CD *-! ^ T-P P ^S o- S ^ "-! O _^ ^ "^^ O o S- O S 2 tN S si - sHArri:i:r.i> APPEARANCE or A IMNCH DAULUUKX GUN IN THE PIUXCIPAL CASEMATE or FOUT KINUMAN. ARKANSAS THE BOUQUET BATTEBY, COMMANDING THE VIADUCT ()VEK THE PATAPSCO RIVER, ON NEAli THE BELAY HOUSE, IN 1861. BALTIMORE AND OHIO BAILEOAD, rin- i;> lay HOIIT u.is :i Mn;ill ruilroiid station nboiit seven milus from Haltimort, on the Northern Central Rail road. It WHS of small population /in It* porilion elevated it into nonsidorab .c importance. Immediately after the troubles in Baltimore this position was seized upon, and Genera Butler RMtM it his headquarters, and by so doing not only held the control of the railroad to Harper s Ferry and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad an Patajwcu Birer, but threuteued the city of Baltimore with a strong military force. The Relay House was romantically situated iii a country of exquisit natural beauty. Our gketcli shown tlio batiery stationed to command the viaduct, with the Relay House in the distance. HEROIC CONDUCT OF LIEUTENANT COLONEL/ MORRISON. SEVENTY-NINTH NEW YORK HIGHLANDERS, ON THE PARAPET OF THE TOWER BATTERY. JAMES ISLAND. S. O. i|!few r - mmmMSi- ,_... :-^- :i_, -_^. . ^^^^^ ^*^al ji v -. ;- ^.>* , ,^~-_ - - i , A SUTLER S STORE, HARPER S FERRY, VA FROM A SKETCH BY OUR SPECIAL ARTIST WITH GENERAL GEARY S DIVISION IN 18f>2 The sutler s store at Harper s Ferry represents one of those apparently inevitable evils which attend even the best-arranged armies. The negligence and delay of the government in settling with the troops rendered the sutler s a necessary evil, which a more regular course would have obviated. As a study of human life, a sutler s store is full of the most sorrowful reflections, and demands the most earnest care of the superior officers. A little pure stimulant, when administered with the rations, is capable of warding off many ills which flesh is heir to, more especially when under the prostration of fatigue or privation. . )(( <) , - X a rH o H 03 H M - w a 23 O W K W ft W PH W a H 3 c .C-; ?. J^?^ S b * 1 "S ^ -S o . C C { S jj -l.?ll OH """g <B c 2^ ^5 lt||| s |-~ s J - 5 1 1 | - g Scg ^ C ^C i_ C tt DC - w- 7T - :^ c _ c C- 05 -^ CD ^rf- *- a; r- s - C c . - C C K 5 >. ^ t= jjj|5| "S .2 _2 c z B <: H W ^-* C H p: W ^ ^ O s fM > O N ai g O I >J hJ w 2 g o fa o a a a H 3 o o >- o fci.H B. -* *oa :: o g m o - K c - o 2 ?;o-S t ; " O 3 5 i = 4 *Tl X 5. 2 a = " J; OP CD *- N^ 2 c- f? c., o o t-s S5 2. H sf Wl * ^* *& S. G 2 ELS! ft Is! 5 = i = s !^r (5 cr jq o o cc *n = - O a, ^ >. =: < EL ^ O 2" M 5 = w _ _ K 3 a rr. G ~ - ot ^ -f ~ o ^ ="S = ^ ^ ^ ft- =-?r2 ft) ^ CD ^B ^ P r-^ ^ /^ 5! S (B " 2.- = r OT; tn -5 co -: __ P 8 1"? o i ^ s: - H 2.^ g 2 ft M ^ GENERAL GEORGE CROOK. General Crook, born near Dayton, ()., September 8th, 1828, died in Chi cago. III., March 21st, 18 JO, was graduated at tlie United States Military Academy in 1852, and was on duty with the Fourth Infantry in California in 1832- Cl. He had risen to a captaincy, when, at tli- beginning of the Civil War, he returned to the Kast and became colonel of the Thirty-sixth Ohio Infantry. He afterward served in the Western Virginia campaign, in command of the Third Provisional Brigade, from May 1st to August 15th, 1862, and was wounded in the action at Lewisburg. He served in Ten nessee in 1863, and on July 1st he was transferred to the command of the Second Cavalry Division. After various actions, ending in the battle of Chickamauga, he pursued Wheeler s Confederate cavalry and defeated it. He entered upon the command of the Kanawha District, in Western Vir ginia, in February, 1804 ; made constant raids and was in numerous actions. He took part in Sheridan s Shenandoah campaign, and received the brevet of brigadier general and major general in the United States Army. March 13th, 1865. General Crook had command of the cavalry of the Army of the Potomac from March 26th to April 9th, during which time he was engaged at Dinwiddie Courthouse, Sailor s Creek and Farm- ville, till tliu surrender at Appomattox. GENERAL RICHARD J. OOLESBY. GENERAL BENJAMIN F. BUTLEK. General Butler was born in Deerfield, N. H., November Gth, 1818. At the time of President Lincoln s call for troops in April, 1861, he held the commis sion of brigadier general of militia. On the 17th of that month he marched to Annapolis with the Eighth Massachusetts Regiment, and was placed in command of the District of Annapolis, in which the city of Baltimore was included. On May 13th, 18C1, he entered Baltimore at the head of 1)00 men, occupied the city without opposition, and on May 16th was made a major general and assigned to the command of Fortress Monroe and the Department of Eastern Virginia. In August he captured Forts Hatteras and Clark. lie then returned to Massachusetts to recruit an expedition for the Gulf of Mexico and the Mississippi. On March 23d, 1862, the expedition reached Ship Island, and on April 17th went up the Mississippi. The fleet under Farragut having passed the forts, April 24th, and virtually captured New Orleans, General Butler took possession of the city on May 1st. Near the close of 18G3 he was placed in command of the Arrny of the James. In December, 1864, he conducted an ineffectual expedition against Fort Fisher, and soon afterward was removed from command by General Grant. He died in Washington, D. C., January llth, 1893. 414 f! - GENERAL JOSEPH G. TOTTEN. General Totten, born in New Haven, Conn., August 23d, 1788, died i Washington, D. C., April 23d, 1864, was graduated from the United states Military Academy in 1805, and promoted second lieutenant in the corps of engineers. After the beginning of the Civil War he had charge of the engineer bureau in Washington. When the corps of engi neers and that of topographical engineers were consolidated, in 1863, he was made brigadier general on March 3d ; and for his long, faithful and eminent services was brevetted major general, April 21st, 1864. IN THK SHENANDOAH VALLEY GENERAL FREMONT S DIVISION MARCHING THROUGH THE WOODS TO ATTACK THE CONFEDERATES wooden structure, and it was soon enveloped in names. (JAMP OF THE NINTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT IN THE WOODS, ONE MILE FROM THE CONFEDERATE FORTIFICATIONS, YORKTOWN, VA., APRIL lOrn, 1862. 216 -.^i.-yy-~ . --^-- f 3fcZf ^T*y. ><<: ADVANCE OF FEDERAL TROOPS ON CORINTH THE CARNIVAL OF MUD SCENE AT LICK CRKEK ROTTOM, 1JETVVEEN PITTS H 1 " THK.IU WAY TH I Our illustration cannot fail to fasten the grand fact of mud firmly on the reader s mind. It was carefully sketched on the spot at Lick Creek HoUoin. pull through tho cannon and wagon train, but the mud was too (top, and the result was that in a few hours the bottom was filled with wagons ami mule*. I NDING AND MONTEREY, FOUR MILES FROM CORINTH, MONDAY, MAY STH, 1862 GENERAL HURLBUT S DIVISION FORCING II THE MUD. Li vi u,\ tim-lbut a division of Halleek s grand army was advancing from Pittsburg Landing to Monterey. On Monday, M.-iy 5fch, un attempt was made to KS mired, and waiting for dry weather to be dug out. PKACTICE-13-INCH SHELL MORTAR, AS USED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT- WEIGHT OF MORTAR 17.000 POUNDS. MOltTAK I RACTICE-REAR VIEW OF 13 INCH MORTAR, WITH ITS USUAL COMPLEMENT OF SEVEN GUNNERS. The mortar \s one of the most ancient forms of cannon, being used as early as 1495 by Charles VlII. at the siege of Naples. In 1478 the attempt was made to project hollow shot filled with powder ; but owing to their clumsy make the accidents were so frequent as to cause their discon tinuance. In 1G34 :i French mechanic overcame the difficulty, and mortars were revived in the French service. Our illustrations represent 13-inch niortur, the largest in general practice, weight 17,000 pounds, exclusive of the carriage. The number of men required to work one of these puns is seven, for all of whom there is distinct and adequate occupation. Mortars are not used in hand to-hand encounters, their value consisting in pitching shells into camps and towns, or shelling fortifications erected on elevations, against which cannons are of 110 avail. 218 THE VICTORY AT B-LUJfi K1DGE PASS, SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER UTH, 18IU-INFANTRY CHARGE, AND ROUT OF THE CONFEDERATES. Sunday, Sepcernber 14th, 1862, having previously evacuated Frederick City, the rear of the Confederate army had readied the Blue liidge [ ass, ine of the Federal road leading from Frederick City to Hagerstown and the fords of the Upper Potomac. Here it was overtaken by the Federal advance under Generals Hooker and Reno. The position was a strong one, and strongly guarded, but was carried after a severe action by the Federal ;k iu disorder. In this engagement General Reno was killed oa the Federal side, and General Garland on that o: On on the line forces, the Confederates falling back the Confederates. A STREET IN HARPER S FERRY, VA., DURING THE PASSAGE OF THE POTOMAC BY THE FEDERAL TROOPS FROM MARYLAND, OCTOBER 24TH. 1862. We give a specimen of the grotesque in war. Experience proves that where there is much excitement there is always a rollicking gayety in proportion to the excitement. The terrible stimulus of war constantly produced scenes which almost approached those of a carnival. Am younger of the Federal soldiers this was very apparent, more especially among some of the zouave regiments. 219 I 221 ?H3 g S re < H. 3 to c re S TO ^ a. o a, o 5 K r" 2 w > H H CB W Q W co GO S O P -3 ,^ 1 - 1 -. J 1 3- T ="* ST * 2 ^^ Ho re ?^ ! S,g.O g s^^s- =* 2ore 1 r] cr 3 Tj So 2 * q 5 " 2 ? O ^ to ;r o 3 s w 02 CO f I O P I W > Kj O o w cc o H - ^ -S i n o & 2- C S. 2 < s w 3 rb i- M o 03 H 5- _., ^ g - g ^ 3 ^ O 3 to V , r.^ g ? O O 2 =- . = 2.3 3 re_^- =^ to <r> . ^ H H t) *" ^ ~ a "" ^ mn 3 *5 en- <rf ^. <rf P O 2 f - a - in 3o.-2.rg M X H f> r CO 5 W w Q O O M W W > g- O fD GO - cj"S . 1 5 -= 1-^-1-ilE-- -s-SMli^ tn > a> *" e -C -" -t a, TT s _Cj> T; iH ^FI^M s.ril^iis o _- ^ 5 v. . o tn e c E-i--*5" l^2ll|-S.l . e a*ISf S-1 ^ S 5 v S c . ~ C b (- 5= *5 .^- . sc "^ t- ^^> ^ ^_ ^SK^K c ^;-1|.s j -- ^- * "? 2 2 *- E i " 5 J *!i-!ii:|| E| ::-;l^ |Jli|l3^s ^^^^^S" ^ t ** (jj> O ^T r ^ o ^ go 2 5 I 5 S sr^lill E O *-> "; ffl- S - c cV ~ E * 5 J= - f ill 1 1 - a/3 E, T* g - ~g O 3 ** (D ^j^ C3 S CO O ^ y o !/ ^ P E. C ^- S" CD O S oltga" I I 25 H H S rt> 3CT o ;-! i <B O CD O O Jo" CD O f^ r r*- 5^0 g ^ 2.^3 3 n -- P - uJ ^ GO 3 _2 o . ^ ""^ O ~ ^ p 2 ^ - 2. H _ ^ 2-. o K - P * H 2 S3 s"-^. - 2 2 || a o d H i s o o w H O GO a 5> H ^ W B X CO O ^j O O H w ng a > - S - a S S ,- -" , - as x ^ H H o> 3 _ 3, ai _ o - 2 3 * ^ <-^ _ o o O >-* "i _ H Si K a Pl^ co O t> O 3&S8.B -ia^i = S r, K -. 2 3 P 5 33-- 2. VW 3 ^ ** >^.H *** * 2.S 3 & rt- 2 a, o 2. S 3) CD JO *^ " Qj &j < O ?-.* 5. => a ct> 3 3 O 05 W ^ GO W H ll O >( GO VERY o O 2! d GO w GO g cl 00 ~1 ^ CD " ^ o ff 3 2 3 01 5 0^ O <X* ft, p- 3 ^ g ^^ 09 3 CiJ X 3 2 ^, ^ p < 225 I H > w - d o a K PQ O d M M W a 5 6 PH W H I 227 " ^r i ti rH OJ "^ ^ C O3 *~ Cfl S ,2 e = w a>^5 <s S S SR 3 J3 p CT P3O ".3 3 p O ~. 3 5 ? 1 o _ o ~ So- = " M O taj t * M ~. O 5 a 1 ?* P 5 ST- | S" C". rt- O3 o s^ H isi 2 I- 1ZI 2 =3 " o < H t~ ja M 5L I 5s"" 02 ~ m _ S. 2,zr a ; -s - o | = | O 05 C = i- 1 O) a as 3 i i o !?! 02 O ^ t x;- << ^ . 5 t> ^ 3 n ;1| g p 3 - ^ s * O H ^==5t a p e O SC HI- S. tB 3-1 M TO w rt. a, ft) o > CD O O M ^ 00 8? H S- 3 3 8 - -- -t _ o CO O P ^s o o ft) o H a Q Si *3 i r.EXEHAL DAVID HUXTER. Genera] Hunter, born in Washington, I). C., July 21st, 1802, died the re. February 2d, 188*;, was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1822 ; appointed second lieutenant in the Fifth Infantry; pro moted first lieutenant in 1828, and became a captain in the First Dragoons in 1833. lie resigned his commission in 1830, and engaged in business in Chicago, lie re-entered the military service as a paymaster, with the rank of major, in March, 1842. On May 14th. 18C1, he was appointed colonel of the Sixth United States Cavalry, and three days later was com missioned brigadier general of volunteers. He commanded the main column of McDowell s army in the Manassas campaign, and was severely wounded at Hull Kun. .Inlv 21st. ISfil. lie was made a major general of volunteers. August Kith. 1801; served under General Fremont in Missouri, and on November 2d succeeded him in the command of the Western Department. In March. 18C2, General Hunter was transferred to the Department of the South, with headquarters at Port Uoyal, S. C. In May, 1864, he was placed in command of the Department of West Virginia, lie defeated a consid erable force at Piedmont on .June 5th. lie was brevetted major general, United States Army, March Kith, 1805. and mustered out of the volunteer service in January, 1800. GENERAL T. E. RANSOM. Gem-nil Hansom, born in Norwich, Vt., November 29th, 1S34, died near Koine, Ga., October 29th, 1804, was educated at Norwich University; learned civil engineering, and in 1851 removed to Illinois, where he en gaged in business. He was elected major, and then lieutenant colonel, of the Btofenth Illinois, and was wounded while leading a charge at Charles- town, Mo., August 20th, 1801. He participated in the capture of Fort II- ury, and led his regiment in the assault upon Fort Donclson, where he was wxeivly wounded. He was promoted colonel for his bravery. In 1863 : was made a brigadier general, his commission dating from November In the battle of Sabine Crossroads he received a wound in the knee, from which he never recovered. He was brevetted major ceneral, September 1st, 18G4. (iEXEKAL ALFRED PLEASdNTON. General Pleasonton. horn in Washington, D. C., June Tth, 1824, was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1844; served in the Mexican War, and was brevetted first lieutenant for gallant and meritori ous conduct in the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Pal ma; was commissioned first lieutenant in 1849, and captain in 1855 ; commanded his regiment in its march from Utah to Washington in 1801 ; was com missioned major of the Second Cavalry in 1802 ; served through the Vir ginia Peninsula campaign ; became brigadier general of volunteers in July of that year, and commanded the division of cavalry of the Army of the Potomac that followed Lee s invading army into Maryland. He was en gaged at Boonesborough, South Mountain, Antietam and the subsequent pursuit; engaged the enemy a t Fredericksburg, and staid the further advance of the enemy at Chancellorsville. He received the brevet of lieutenant Colonel for Antietam in 1862 ; was promoted major general of volunteers in June. 1803, participating in the numerous actions that preceded the battle of Gettysburg. In March, 1865, he was made major general, United States Army, for services throughout the Civil War. GENERAL ALEXANDER S. WEBB. General Webb, born in New York city, February 15th, 1835, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1855, and assigned to the artillery. He served in Florida, Minnesota, and for three years as JMsistant professor at. West Point. He was present at Bull Run and 1:1 Uie defenses of Washington until 1862, when he participated in the battles of the Peninsula campaign of the Army of the Potomac, and as chief of staff of the Fifth Corps during the Maryland and Rappahannock cam paigns till June 23d, 1863. He was then commissioned brigadier general of volunteers, and placed in command of a brigade of the Second Corp. serving with great credit at the battle of Gettysburg. He was made major general, United States Army, for gallant and meritorious services in the campaign terminating with the surrender of the insurgent army undei General Lee. THE CONFEDERATE RAID INTO KENTUCKY- THE FIGHT AT THE LICKING BRIDGE, CYNTHIANA, RK 1."\YF.K\ THK FEDERAL TROOPS AND THK MORGAN CONFEDERATE GUERRILLAS. Cynthiana the scene of the fight between the Cincinnati Volunteers and Moroni s Confederate cavalry, is the capital of Harrison County, K When Morgan with his <merrillas arrived on the south side of the Licking River, on Thursday, July 17th, 180:2, he found Lieutenant Colonel Landrui of the Eighteenth Kentucky Regiment, with a hastily gathered force, ready to oppose him. The splendidly mounted Confederates were however, t much for him. and after making a gallant defense the Confederates forced their way over the bridge, killed a number of the Federals and captured o cannon. Landrum and about forty of his troops made good their repeat to Lexington, which vas in a perfect panic at the prc federate chief. THE CONFEDERATE RAID INTO KENTUCKY-EXCITEMENT AT COVINGTON-GATHERING OF ARMED FEDERAL CITIZENS AT THE RAILROAD AND TELEGRAPH OFFICE, ON HEARING OF THE CAPTURE OF CYNTHIANA BY THE CONFEDERATE The dash of Morgan from his mountain haunts in Tennessee through Kentucky caused considei able alarm throughout the State, for it was i w planned and boldly executed. It is said to have been an inspiration from Jeff. Davis himself, intended to produce a general uprising i against the Federal Government. The people, however, soon recovered from their momentary terror : and it was then t Federal sentiment was in Kentucky than that of Secession. 231 : .w i&J^j yys^^ * " 5 afe^ -- i " /* / \ / Lfi>t^jJi4AfirfM iffi **U ^.i /Xv ,v , .^<", *. tf A,W% The battle M BATTLE OP MALVEKN HILL, NEAK TUKKEY 3JJ D, JA * ^ across the country, with cavalry on each fl k Heintzelman took up the centre, and on tl rigM f e La ! , Cd ^ tllin fiffc y y ards of the enem y and Pened a splendid lii of" 00, tho night fell, and having moved across Turkey Island Creek. >e> |Q.) }A ^. &&&-A & : " L . ,E- ^ . feoa^&K^ tf, i. wfel^sO A): r T F X - I . Y? LK- : *7 = ^S """ * \ "*- v / \ MM I . RIVEK, VA., FOUGHT TUESDAY, JULY IST, 1862. ^ eclerals at once jumped up wearily, and waited their approach, while all the signal officers, on their several stations, waved their cabalistic muslin. The vc the remnants of Porter and Simmer. Burns s brigade, being ordered to charge, advanced with the Sixty-ninth Pennsylvania Eegiment (Irish), Colonel k 1 y. The left of the line was now advanced, and the troops of General Couch really behaved wonderfully, facing the enemy wherever he appeared, and e p the bridge, and soon the whole army closed up at and near Harrison s Bar, twenty-seven miles from Kichmond. KK.MOYI.M; SUNKEN SCHOONERS FROM com-: SOUND, N. c., PLACED TO OBSTRUCT THE PASSAGE OF THE FEDERAL GUNBOATS, UNDEI; THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF CAPTAIN HAYDEN, OF THE NEW YORK SUBMARINE ENGINEEEING COMPANY. The perverse in"enuitv which the Confederates showed in obstructing the channels which led to their strongholds was only exceeded by the per ent ingenuity with which the Federal oflioers removed them. The Confederates obstructed the channel of Core Sound by sinking schooners, but der the superintendence of Captain llavden. of the New York Submarine Engineering Company, they were removed by blasting. The shock was per sistent under the superintendence of Cap . _ . . ceptihly felt a considerable distance, and it was some time before the water resumed its usual appearance. DESTRUCTION OF THE CONFEDERATE IRONCLAD STEAMER "MERRIMAC," BLOWN UP BY ITS COMMANDER, ON THE MORNING OF MAY HTH, 1862. The abandonment of Norfolk compelled the evacuation of the Confederate positions at (Jewell s Point and at Craney Island, and on May llth, 186*, the Mernmac was blown up to prevent her falling into the hands of the Federals. 234 , FEDERAL TROOPS MARCHING THROUGH SECOND STREET, NEW FERNANDINA, FLA. Our sketch of New Fernandina in ]8G2 shows the principal business street in the city, called Second Street. There seemed to be quite a joke in (lumbering streets where there were not half a dozen in the place; but the spirit of imitation was strong, and as Philadelphia and New York, with their thousands of blocks, are simplified and rendered more easily findable by the aid of arithmetic, so must be the villages of the South. REVIEW OF CONFEDERATE TROOPS ON THEIR MARCH TO VIRGINIA, IN FRONT OF THE PULASKI MONUMENT, MONUMENT SQUARE. SAVANNAH. GA,, AUGUST TTH, 1861. gallant foreigner in Chippewa Sq the British hela possession of Savannah. 235 237 ^ V" a c^S 8-^sC ^c 3 ~ -o fe -- - , =8 e * Ml ^-f-s |PS*H <D C3 O "J5 t> p g e "- 1 S> I:i c! s <! g o W H 02 ERSBTJRG ; T; m ^ "c ^ ^ C c 73 O) t) V C "5 c - c.-**^ pT^J *. .js o o ^ a> c fo --1^ tr. 5 C |^6 "^ ^ . *- ^ P- <a x; " - TROOPS <! K K R W PH C g iri* > <t 1 ~ -^ ^ cc e a c *s o ilfl o t c - ^ n~ a.i _= o o fc c ^ *"o^1 C3 C5 t o fe "E c => GENERAL RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. Geneuil llayes, iiiiiuteenth President of the United States, born in Delaware, 0., October 4tli, 1822, was graduated at Kenyon College in 1842. In 1845 lie was admitted to the bar at Marietta, ()., and soon afterward entered into practice at Fremont and Cincinnati. On June 7th, 1861, the Governor of Ohio appointed Mr. I [urea a major of the Twent-third Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and in July the regiment was ordered into West Vir ginia. On [September llHh, 1801, Major Haves was appointed by General Kosecrans judge advocate of the Department of Ohio, the ditties of which office he Derformed for about two months. On October 24th, 18"61, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel. On September 14th, 18G2, in the battle of South Mountain, he distinguished himself by gallant conduct in leading a eharge and in holding his position at the head of his men, after being severely wounded in his left arm, until he was carried from the field. On October 4th, 1802, he was appointed colonel of the same regiment. In July, 1803, lie took part in the operations of the national army in Southwestern Virginia. In the spring of 1804 Colonel Hayes commanded a brigade in General Crook s expedition to cut the principal lines of communication between Richmond and the Southwest. He took a creditable part in the en gagement at Berry ville, and at the second battle of Winchester, September 10th, 1804, where he performed a feat of extraordinary bravery. At tlie battle of Cedar Creek, October 10th. 1804, the conduct of Colonel Hayes attracted so much attention that his commander, General Crook, on the battlefield took him by the hand, saying : "Colonel, from this day you will be a brigadier general." The commission arrived a few days afterward; and on March 13th, 1805, he received the rank of brevet major general for gallant and distinguished services during the campaign of 1804 in West Vi -ginia, : ,nd par ticularly at the battles of Fisher s Hill and Cedar Creek, Va. Ho died January 17th, 1893. 240 GENERAL , AMES A. GARFIELD. General Gairield, twentieth President of the United States, born in Orange, Cuyahoga County, 0., November 19th, 1831, died in EJberon, N. J., September iOtn, 1881, was graduated from Williams College with the highest honors in the class of 1856. In the next six years he was a college president, a State Senator, a major general in the national army and a Representative-elect in the national Congress. American annals reveal no other promotion so rapi 1 . >rd so varied. In August, 1861, Governor Dennison commissioned him lieutenant colonel in the Forty-second Regiment of Ohio Volunteers. Tiie men were his old pupils at Hiram College, whom he had persuaded to enlist. Promoted to the command of this regiment, he drilled it into military efficiency while waiting orders to the front, and in December, 1861, reported to General Buell, in Louisville, Ky. General Buell was so impressed by the soldierly condition of the regiment that he gave Colonel Garfield a brigade, and assigned him to the task of driving the Confederate general Humphrey Marshall from Eastern Kentucky. The undertaking itself was difficult ; General Marshall had 5,000 men, while Garfield had but half that number, and must march through a State where the majority of the people were bitterly hostile to attack an enemy strongly intrenched in a mountainous country. Garfield, nothing daunted, concentrated his little force, and moved it with such rapidity, sometimes here and sometimes there, that General Marshall, deceived by those feints, and still more by false reports which were skillfully prepared for him, abandoned his position and many supplies at Paintville, and was caught in retreat by Garfield, who charged the full force of the enemy, and maintained a hand-to- hand fight with it for four hours. The enemy had 5.000 men and 12 cannon ; Garfield had no artillery, and but 1,100 men. But he held his own until re-enforced by Generals Graner and Sheldon, when Marshall gave way, leaving Garfield the victor at Middle Creek, January 10th, 1862, one of the most important of the minor battles of the war. In recognition of these services President Lincoln made the young colonel a brigadier general, dating his commission from the battle of Middle Creek. He took part in the second day s fight at Shiloh, and was engaged in all the operations in front of Corinth ; and in June, 1862. rebuilt the bridges on the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, and exhibited noticeable engineering skill in repairing the fortifications of Huntsville. In February, 1863, General Rosecrans made him his chief of staff. At the battle of Cnickamauga, January 24th, 1863, Garfield volunteered to take the news of the defeat on the right to General Thomas, who held the left of the line. It was a bold ride, under constant fire, but he reached Thomas and gave the information that saved the Army of the Cumberland. For this action he was made a major general, September 19th, 1863. At the request of President Lincoln he resigned his commission, December 3d, 1863, and hastened to Washington to sit in Congress, to which he had been chosen, fifteen months before, as the successor of Joshua R. Giddings. General Garfield was inaugurated President of the United States in 1881, and was shot by a disappointed office seeker (Guiteau), July 2d, the same year. 341 k 1 i o IA k K ^. W X Hi . f i/, 1 ^ 1 55 a 14 1 m ii i 2 !? r- I 24. i f W IIP! ^ _ = . S *" c **"" 4-1 O t ^ P gib 1 \. *"" ^ S c < :. g J5 08 C 5 * ?. C -" " "- c c c5 ee c ^ C * c S P 5 H g 1 * 1 2 E c .fc u rj C O a O | K Pi p: E- C ^ - K i :C C O o o W X K -t; P K K J O cc EH O K fe fe C H K O W O c N: o c X c a) . rt IFE - g c - u P J: ? -*- > L C 0, S O "F ~ -^ ^ !-= = ="" . r- rr g i g E C -oco ce g ^^ o no ^C ^N-5 1 n , S 5 "^ " ~ 5 ^ -S & ? C lln? B .* ! *. i 3 % I ?- "^ O <3 5K iJ , = 2 .5 -3 .. a-2 ts a- ~ 3 ^ o w 3.0, 5? 8 - - ?-s-% -Fg = 3 5. 5- -3 is,! ^ I-* ;L ."" -i QO io ^ ra o ,1^ X. 3 Tl - 3 ? 3 5 E^ O 3 ^ 3 .- O-5- 3 3 W ^ ^ O a H -3* a x O ^. H "d 3 ^. 55 ^ ^* p ci- ? f ~~ ~* ^ -32 TT J -i -< < =* -. = ^ O g H O o> ft o O 3 02 S = - <> ?S 3 JB 1. 3 2 5;^ ^ - e-f- OQ - 3 _ O O 3 ?="* 3 *. 3 ;Hff s 5-2:3 <;I:M:I:AI, rrr/.i<>HN J OKTF.I;. General Portei, horn at 1 ortsinoutli, >. . II., June 15th, 1822, was grad uated from the United States .Military Academy in 1845, and assigned to the Fourth Artillery, in winch lie became second lieutenant, June 18th, 184G. He served in the Mexican War, was commissioned first lieutenant on May 29th, and received the brevet of captain, September 8th, 1847, for services at Molino del Rev, and that of major for Chapultepec. On May 14th, 1861, he became colonel of the Fifteenth Infantry, and on May 17th, 18G1, he was made brigadier general of volunteers, and assigned to duty in Washington. In 1862 he participated in the Virginia Peninsula campaign, at Yorktown. (James s Mill and Malvern Hill, and received the brevet of briga dier general in the regular army for gallant conduct at the battle of Chicka- horniny, Va., June 27th, 1802. On November 27th, 1802, General Porter was arraigned before a court-martial in Washington, charged with disobeying orders at the second battle of Hull Run, and on January 21st, 1863, he was cashiered. A bill for his relief was signed by President Cleveland, and he was restored to the United (Strtes Army us colonel, August 7th, 1886. GENERAL OKMHUi MxcKMlGHT MITCHEL. fla ne , ral Mitcliel. ) rn at Morganfleld, Union County, Ky., August 28th, 1809 died at Hilton Head, S. C., October 30th, 1862, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1829. Immediately after his grad uation he was made assistant professor of mathematics at the Military Academy which position he held for two years, when he was assigned to nty at Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Fla. lie soon resigned and moved to 2inn.it. where he commenced the study of law and was admitted to the In 1861 he entered the Civil War in the cause of the Union, and was plan., m command of a division of General BueH s army. He served ~ ** the <> Curing the campaigns of Tennessee and North- Anr.tnr V Tf? Cli t le , brevet t Jll V f major general of volunteers, nf P H wA! CrW , i rd , he w ? 1>laced in com ">and of the Department outh at Hilton Head I,. S. C., where he was fatally stricken with yellow fever in the prime of his career. (il.NKKAl, .lollN M. I1KANNAX. General Bran nan, born in the District of Columbia in 1819. was git.1 nated from the United States Military Academy in 1841. and stationed j.i Plattsburg, Is. Y., in 1841- 42. During the Mexican War lie was first lieutenant in the First Artillery. He took part in the battles of Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, La Hoya, Contreras and Churubusco, and for giillnnt and meritorious conduct was brevetted captain on August 28th, 1847. During the next fourteen years he performed mucli arduous service on the frontier, and from 1856 till 1858 took a gallant part in the campaign against the Seminoles. On September 28th, 1861, he was promoted to be brigadier general of volunteers, serving in the far South until January 24th, 1863. On October 10th, 1863, he became chief of artillery of the Department of the Cumberland, and held that position till June 25th, 1865. On March 13th, 18G5, he was brevetted brigadier general in the regular army for his part in the capture of Atlanta, and major general for gallant and meritori ous services during the war. GENERAL JESSE L. KENO. General Reno, born in Wheeling, W. Va. , June 20th, 1823, died on South Mountain, Md., September 14th, 1862, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1846, and at once promoted brevet second lieutenant of ordnance. He served in the Mexican War, taking part in the battles of Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Churubusco and Chapultepec, and in the siege of Vera Cruz be was commissioned second lieutenant, March 3d, 1847 ; brevetted first lieutenant, April 18th, for gallant conduct in the first-named engagement, and captain, September 13th, for bravery at Chapnltepec, where he was severely wounded. In the Civil War he was commissioned brigadier general, November 12th, 1861, and major general of volunteers, July 18th, 1862 ; led a brigade under General Burnside in the taking of Roanoke Island, N. C., February 8th, 1862; was engaged under General Pope at Manassas and Chantilly, Va. At Turner s Gap in South Mountain, Md., he repelled the Confederates under Lee, and after being in action all day he was killed in the evening of September 14th, 1862. X4C SHELLING OP A CONFEDERATE CAMP ON THE POTOMAC BY LIEl TENANT TOMPK1NS. OK THE KHtST KHODK. ISLAND BATTERY. Lieutenant Tompkins, of the First Ivhoo!e Ishuul Artillery, observing on the other side of the Potomac a Confederate camp, lixed one of his ^nn uud after one or two trials got the range so perfectly that they lied in the greatest confusion. BATTLE OF CARRICK S FORD, WESTERN VIRGINIA-DISCOVERY OF THE BODY OF GENERAL GARNETT, BY MAJOR GORDON AND COLONEL DUMONT, AFTER THE BATTLE. After the Confederates had crossed the fourth ford General Garnett again endeavored to rally his men, standing waving his hand on an exposed point near the river bank, by his side only one young man (Chaplet), wearing the uniform of the Georgia Sharpshooters. Three of Dumont s men tired at the same time, and Garnett and his companion fell at the first round. The men rushed across, and on turning the body discovered that the Con federate leader of Western Virginia had paid the penalty; he w.? shot through the heart. Major Gordon, U. S. A, closed his eyes reverently, and Colo nel Dnmont. coming up, had him carried into a grove clobe by, where they laid him down, taking care of his sword and watch, to be sent with his body to his family. 8*7 df*. ,, - w i^&&rs* jf. u ^ff BATTLE OF WHITE OAK SWAMP Bill WE, MONDAY, JUMK 30TH, 1862-A*KEH fc>, MO I After the battle of Savage s Station the Federals continued on their retreat, and by eight o clock on the morning of June 30th, 1862, they had crossed White ( crossing White Oak Creek the Federals had quickly formed a new line of battle at Willis Church. General Hanoock l forces being on the < n . \vi| lie reached the creek, at about noon, he found the approaches well defended by artillery. Jackson opened rpon Hancock s troops, and made Federal force at a place two miles away, called FrazicrV FWm. Here ftood Snmner and Hooker, on tie extreme right, McCail somewhat m ad\ o clock when he commenced the attach McCaK . left was first assailed bv Kemper s brigade, which was met by the Pennsylvania Reserves un urn lost heavily. Longftreet and Hill now pressed on, and the conflict became a severe one along tin I enabled the Confederate! to drive back the Federals, who in turn t IHXUUU lll3 WVUAQUVIBVCa <*V VI I 1 C L/tn- IV IMC & QUVI BIBj ITIIU 111 IrUJ IJ IVJOlv Ittcnli*. uvntgtvi " J" - . j open field upon McCall s left, directly against Randall s battery, which centred upon the Confederates a most galling fire. Nothing daunted, tliey 11 A charge was then ordered for the recapture of the guns. The Confederates bravely met the severe attacks that followed. A still more desperate Immi- remaincd on tlir-t jiorlion of the field which th.y had lost er.rlior in the action. The Federal loss was about 1,800 killed and wounded, whilst that o 24*-!; AND K. LNDALL B BATTERIES OHECKiMJ THE ADVANCE Of THE GUN FEDERATES. Swamp and Creek, after destroying the bridge over the latter and warding off the repeated attacks to whlc \ th ^/^%^f c ^ uo U f t f e &af Md when Porter s occupied the left, and Hdntzelman s and Simmer s the intervening space. Jackson s advance was checked by the destine tio of t he Bridge a to rebuild the bridge under cover of his heavy artillery, but he was every time repulsed. While this was going on Lon st,eet and^Hill j.ad jomtjpo^a extreme left. When Longstreet found this force arrayed against him he wai 10. Fresh to u then bridge e centre and Kearny on the ions, who, after a One point, then another, was vainly tried in the determined effort to . i fiVlit first caotured Cooper s battery, and afterward oar.. - j, trugg. tooK P1 ace ror tne . ..u. flt i"erS wh.ch we re finally re captu red By dark the Confederates had ^edmto th e woods, and the federals lerates was over 2,000. Colonel Simmous and General Meade were both ge^rely wounded, while General McCall was a made pusoner. SECTION OF FORT KUNYO.N. VA . GUARDING THK KOAD TO ALEXANDRIA, OCCUPIED IV* THK TWENTY-FIRST KEGIMEN ". NEW YOliK VOI.r.XTEERS, AUGUST, 186J. Fort KIIIIVON. named after the romi-iander if tin- New Jersey rc .aiment.s whicli \\jiv /o/tmvly stutionsd ths.-e, entirely commanJed ihe road tc Alexandria. Our .sketch shows the battery erected on this important point. Thy spot was >i most picturesque one, c mimandiug a spleiu i: d view all arouud, th- background being me I otoinuc and Washington. PRACTICING WITH THK CELEBRATED SAWl EK GUN ON THE CONFEDERATE BATTERIES AT SEWELL S POINT. NEAR NORFOLK, VA. FROM FORT CALHOON. ON THE RIPRAPS, IN FRONT OF FORTRESS MONROE The Ki|>ri>.-, on which Fort CVihouri was erected, was in advance of Fortress ilonroa, being between it i.nd Sewell s Po nt, ind w..s an important position, as with guns of a proper culibi-p it could completely c >mmand and destroy the enemy s batteries at Sewell s Point. Geneial Butler <?a\ 3 special attention to this point, and various kinds of ordnances were experimented with, the Sawyer rifled cannon and the Hotchkiss shell having been proved the most complete and effective. 250 e fe-"- LANDING STATE PRISONERS AT FORT LAFAYETTE, NEW YORK BAKBOR, IN iKtll. Fort Lafayette, New York harbor, the state prison of the republic during the Civil War, is built upon a shoal about four hundred yards from Long Island, and is entirely surrounded by water. In shape it is quadrangular, with the angles pointing to the sea and shore diamondwise ; heiic it was formerly called Fort Diamond. A RECONNOITRING DETACHMENT OF GENERAL BANKS S CAVALRY, HYATTSTOWN, MD., IN THE DISTANCE. There are few sights more picturesque than a detachment of cavalry winding along the road to some quiet little village. Nature and man sjem then so little in harmony that the contradiction becomes strikingly attractive. Our illustration represents a scene of this kind a detachment of Federal cavalry, sent by order of General Banks, reconnoitring in the neighborhood of Hyattstown, a post village of Montgomery County, Md., and gihi.ated on Bennett s Creek, about thirty-six miles to the northwest of Washington. 25 i c, H U. H tc c c! !/: fe C 1 v- ^ c c ^1 a: O C/- td *" > ** o -. C > R ^ S d a > tc K C o g i c K O s o s 263 5 073 a- g g II GO ^"* O i- S 0) * i* 8 "* 8 *1 W S u 5 i S > ^ J* 5 "! & *> K "- ^ I |1 * |8 K w t-J *S C X i J W =c^= O .bl r O * ^ 1*1 S i-.g C cjr fa "s .? t> o o o tfi >! O O C OS i- - QJ *"^ K 7S^ oc =g pd C ^ c, " 1 1* fa tt^^ O OS ^ v- c IH ^ r- ^^ c c ^ iii n OD ^j,-^. ( c "g 2 ID i c * W , I -gjl a "i-- * W S. ^ cfi r" 2 * ^ be > Q^= P "- c O rj 0) S S B l-l cc C tj ce a> e SJJ Si <w : 2^o 5" 3 3 O, o <r- = o 3 111 S g ^ 3 ^ 2 " 2 * ^ =-3 si O 3 CD -"* J 7 "*" CQ ~ " 3 p H-^ -i fB L_J S> ^^ ** - 3 I ^* o CD O rt- 3 o II O -3 &^ f S" S Sc JS *-^ O i! B.M S I! ^ SSfeaffilfel! en os . oo -*J 2-="E~ "^ 03 ~ -S = t- s S "3*13 ~ te to >, 5SS.I ? > be y i? K H fe h^ -c c * > "o 2 O .= M ^H - S > m o J3 o ~s x "> ~ S a B -t _c 2 --M fe Ms |.s j= C-i l>66 c E-gjS I o .1 o ~. ^j t- U O c o - - ^ - - o c 3 o n, -J3 o-g g^s .2 S on tc 3 = 5 ^ a, o a " jT ] J. \ v p ts & W PQ V. H PN W co H y, r; PS pi C P-f K K CO o - W Q S- g O H O -H F O g O > H H H H o b rt M G w 3 cc cc N W H w W o Q H O a rt ft) y;,.\ .> >-j ^ yfff i ig S*|* 260 <i!ft\flBh viPi -il iiWiIl l ;,S >! . .// V : r :: P.KS S B." 5 p 3 ^ I^ M rs & 6 ^ *i ~ ST-VVt.iI* 261 GENEKAIj ROBERT H. MILROY. General Milroy, born in Washington County, Inil., June lltli, 1810, was graduated at, Norwich University, Vt., in 1843, and served in the .Mexi can War as captain in tin; First. Indiana Volunteers. He studied law, was admitted to the i>;ir in 1840, and in 1850 was graduated at the law depart ment of Indiana University. At the beginning of the Civil War he issued a call for volunteers, and was made a captain, becoming colonel of the Ninth Indiana Volunteers, April 20th, 1801. He served in Western Vir ginia under McClellan and Itosecrans, receiving a commission as brigadier general on February Oth. ISO-?, and thereafter continued in various com mands in Virginia, under Fremont and Sigel, until March llth, 1863, when he was made major general of volunteers. In this capacity he had charge of the Second Division of the Eighth Army Corps, and was stationed at Winchester, Ya. Here, on June 15th, 1803, he was attacked by nearly the whole of Lee s army, which was marching toward Pennsylvania. Gen eral .Milroy resisted this superior force for three days, and then cut his way out liv night, losing a large portion of his forces, lie resigned from the army in 1805. GENERAL HIRAM G. BERRY. General Berry, born in Thomaston (now Rockland), Me., August 27th, 1824. died at Chancellorsville, Va.. May 2d, 18G3. He originated and commanded for several years the Iloekland Guard, a volunteer company, which attained a very high reputation for drill and discipline. At the beginning of the Civil War he entered the service as colonel of the Fourth Maine Infantry. He took part in the battle of Bull Run and the siege of Yorktown, was made a brigadier general, April 4th, 1862, and was given command of the Third Brigade of the Third Division of Heintzelman s Third Army Corps. He was present at the battles of Williamsburg and Fair Oaks, bore a conspicuous part in the Seven Days fight, and was in the second Bull Run campaign and Chantilly. In January, 1803, he was nominated by the President as major general of volunteers, with rank dating from November 29th, 1802, confirmed by the Senate on March 9th, 1803, and placed in command of the Second Division of the Third Army Corps, succeeding General Sickles. At the battle of Chancellorsville he headed one of his brigades in several successful bayonet charges, and in one of them was killed by a shot from the enemy. GENERAL GEORGE D. BAYARD. General Bayard, born in Seneca Falls, N. Y., December 18th, 1835, 14th 1862, was graduated from the United States Military He was assigned to the First Cavalry. Four years in frontier and garrison duty. He was severely wounded in i "> ith tho Kiowa Ind.ans. In 1861 he was cavalry instructor at West omt and on March 16th of that year was promoted to first lieutenant Cavalry ; captain, Fourth Cavalry, August 20th ; and was granted leav , of absence to become colonel of the First Pennsylvania Cavalry unteers September 14th, 1861. He became brigadier general of volun- B2, and served in the arduous campaigns of the Shen- ah Northern Virginia, and on the Rappahannock, distinguishing o dash and bravery of his reconnoissances. He was mortally wounded attredericksburg, December 13th, 18C2, and died the following day. He was buried with military honors at Princeton, N. J. 263 GENERAL CHRISTOPHER C. AUGUR. General Augur, born in New York in 1821, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1843. During the Mexican War he served as aid-de-camp to. General Hopping, and after his death to General Caleb Gushing. He was promoted captain, August 1st, 1852, and served with distinction in a campaign against the Indians in Oregon in 1856. On May 14th, 1861, he was appointed major in the Thirteenth Infantry, and was for a time commandant of cadets at West Point. In November of that year he was commissioned a brigadier general of volunteers, and joined McDowell s corps. In July. 1802. he was assigned to a division under Banks, and In the battle of Cedar Mountain was severely wounded. He was promoted major general of volunteers, August 9th, 1862, and in November joined his corps and took part in the Louisiana campaign. Me was brevetted brigadier general in the United States Army, March 13th, 1865, receiving on the same date the brevet of major general for services in the field during the rebellion. CONRAD S FERKY, MD., ABOVE HARRISON S ISLAND, ON THE POTOMAC KIVEB, THE PLACE OF PASSAGE OF COLONEL BAKER S REGIMENT, OCTOBER 21si, 1861. Conrad s Ferry is situated on the Maryland side of the Upper Potomac, about five miles above Edward s Perry. It was in possession of the Federa troops. It commands a view of Harrison s Island, the scene of so much disaster at the battle of Ball s Bluff, and is immediately opposite to Lecsbiirj Heights, the town of Leesburg being about five miles from the Ferry, on the south side of the Potomac. FRESH BREAD !" IMPROMPTU OVEN BUILT BY THE NINETEENTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, IN GENERAL BANKS S DIVISION, WESTERN MARYLAND. The impromptu oven which we illustrate testified to the Federal cleverness, and ministered to the wants of the brave defenders of the Union. The regiment undoubtedly contained men whose means gave them every epicurean indulgence ; but we question if any French bread, fresh butter, with all the appliances of Delmonico, ever tasted so sweet as the newly baked bread they got from the primit.ve oven. 268 MA.TOR GENERAL BURNSIDE ASSUMING COMMAND OF THE just MY OF THE POTOMAC ISSUING OltDEES TO HIS STAFF. erel>v assume command of tlie Army of the Potomac. Patriotism, and the exercise of my every energy in the direction of this army, aided by the full and e bravery of the old Army of the Potomac in the Maryland campaign, and fully identified with them in their feelings of respect and esteem for General so long and intimately associated with me, I need say nothing : our histories are identical. With diffidence for myself, but with a proud confidence in the .il. A. K. BruxwiDE, Major General Commanding. Our illustration represents the general issuing orders to hi s staff immediately after assuming command. v M:KI;I:M>I.I: or FORT MACON, C.A.. AIM:IL JC.TH, m;-.>- EXTERIOR ON HIDE FACING THE FEDERAL BATTERIES, SHOWING EFFECT OF SHOT ON THE GLACIS AND WALLS. . - ?T *w. i T^7 ^v*7>, r- -"fj.. BATTLE OF ANTIETAM, MD.-BURNSLDE S DIVISION CAERYINO THE BRIDGE OVER THE ANTIETAM CREEK AND STORMING THE CONFEDERATE POSITION, AFTER A DESPERATE CONFLICT OF FOUR HOURS, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER ITni, 18(>2. On the left, during the afternoon, Burnside carried the bridge, after an obstinate contest of four hours duration and a loss of about five hundred tilled and wounded. Hawkins s Zouaves then crossed, and finding the enemy ready drawn up under cover of the hills, advanced in line of battle on heir new position, about half a mile distant. The ground over which they advanced was open clover and plowed fields, the latter very difficult UK! fiitiguing to march in, owing to the softness of the ground. The enemy s guns, fourteen in number, kept up a terrible fire on the advancing line, which never wavered, but slowly toiled along, receiving shelter, however, when they were in the liollows. They were halted a few moments to rest ia the hollow nearest the enemy s position, aud then were ordered to cnarge with a yell. As they came up the hill in front of the enemy s batteries :hey received a heavy volley from a large force of infantry behind a stone wall about two hundred feet in front of the enemy s batteries. The Federals, SUBltlSNUKH 01 FOUT MACON, GA., Ai lUL 2Gm, isca-LOWEKINU THE COM KUliKAIli FLAG. KILLING S CAVE, ON THE BANKS OF THE POTOMAC. NEAR SHARPSBURC, THE PLACE OF REFUGE OF MANY CITIZENS DURING THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. A glance at the map of the battle of Antietamwi,. enable our readers to V^^ ^fbet s^o the conflict, situated us it was almost between two fires; for. however anxious the Fedeial -"were congregated men. women and children, all prevent many of the shot and shell from falling into its midst. In the cellar o the K ret/or _ mai on we cor ^S ^ how neftr spellbound as they listened to the terrible thunder of the battle. They could tell by the w m and the awful P 8I " n , / which ave them a dim to them was the work o< destruction; and their terror rose to perfect agony when a shell exp lode I ^ k ?. e h of the cave of refuse near Sharpsburg, liglit and was the chief means of ventilation in this chamber of horrors. Of a similar character is our a,nd situated ou the banks of the Potomac. I o i B B a H H H 7: H c5 O h- 1 H C t-~, H- M C H C ts E5 O W B fr iz! O W B a o a* 8 rt- H3 tr 1-3* s o o - o -. c QC C" Ci a. fc CO P O _. B O a! sr o to rs B n> c IK! ga ^r c ^ c CD 5 - tm : * -^f- KUDEUAI* BAGGAGE TRAIN ON 1TH WAY TO THK ARMY AT FALMOUTH, VA,, WKCEMBER, ifif2- REAK ADMIRAL SILAS H. STRINGHAM. Rear Admiral Stringbam, born in Middletown, Orange County. N. T. f November 7th 1798 ; died in Brooklyn M , Y tt he Navy as a .nidship.nan. November 15th, 1809, and was m g^J^^f^ "g,* VorthAife Blockading Fleet, and planned the expedition to 10 ned to Washington to advise upon the P repara,K, 11S for^ya, lie took bombarded the forts, sailing in an ellipse, by which means it concen- -- .rrend.ed d ttoo werea .gar, == none TaJSt , .ere K. Bo or, .rrend.ed, d t^tjoo^ were^a .gar, * P^ted to i adn-1 on the retired .Ut, Jnlv IGth. 1862. 273 I Q H a & f a 32 o W S 2 o O a IH > t> , w i t co o 3 o s > ^ O! H - li 3 a r 1 co Q W O a a ^ H a a w M W a O H O tr 1 O O CO M 5 H IPfl? 1! I S-.W;: 1 , .. HTll.l "I! O I PS o c r vs g c.-= C "S ^ M Qj ^ P o E ? 20 o -3 <: "3 KdD bjj c s K H - C I b E 1= 00 CC r I C o o ffi fe-2 W K H PJ O - I s - ^ O g C -& r=^; 0-^7:-^ o C cs S.S c. 2 H Si ^ C3 ._ C3 C OT C O . r> ^ T W H *a ^ ^2 O ^^ 02 ^ ^ ^" ^- W O a: - ~ -^ fe C W o X W s b I O tn H -<J ._, cS -* M 53 d 1 S S S r3 O =3 C r^ ^ o s 02 H i ; CC M -" > 53 - ^ C_, K I e ^ 5 . 6*1* VS S O to S ^Illl 1 "^ r-v *" ^ ^ C 5 tn H I g-"^S|S ^ ^ | t - o c O .1i "* u3 01 * "-S - o "^ " -u - fe - c <c "^ . ^ . . r; C O> S? ^ O2 O J ^-=0 5 g "o s "c "R a *&*. . O : "X T3 a nr- 270 g S S 85 S^ S; "- *-w i . 03 ,*-" O ct- B.O <*- "J 00 - O in =-= =" " S S 1/1 *- 2 2. -* 1 ~23 DO " J2 S" O ,_, ^_, - 3 5 E. ^2. < o a ? ;s ^" ^ ^2 ^""^ S, ^ ^ P ^ ~ g; 3 s E)3 B S <6 ^s O a 3 3 - s 3" as < S- rr o ~ en O CD rt> o> o, o "* .? c GENERAL IOI1X RUFOUD. General Buford, born in Kentucky in 1825, died in Washington, D. C , December Kith, 1863, was graduated at the United States Military Acau- ninv in 1848 ; was appointed brevet second lieutenant in the First Dra goons, and served on the plains until the Civil War began. He was made ;i major in the inspector general s corps on November 12th, 1861. On June 6th, 1862, he was attached to the staff of General Pope in the Army of Virginia ; and on July 27th he was made a brigadier general, anil assigned to the command of a brigade of cavalry under General Hooker in the Northern Virginia campaign. He engaged in the skirmish at Madison Courthouse ; the passage of the Rapidan in pursuit of Jnck- son s force ; Kelly s Ford, Thoroughfare Gap, and Manassas, where he was wounded. He commanded the cavalry division of the Army of the Poto mac in the Pennsylvania campaign, and at Gettysburg he began the attack on the enemy before the arrival of Reynolds, on July 1st, 1863. His last sickness was the result of toil and exposure. His commission as major general reached him on the day of his death. GENERAL GEORGE W. MORGAN. General Morgan, born in Washington County, Pa., September 20th, 1820, died at Old Point Comfort, Va., July 26th, 1893. At the beginning of the War with Mexico he was made colonel of the Second Ohio Volun teers, and he was subsequently appo-ntcd colonel of the Fifteenth United States Infantry, which he led with ability tinder General Scott, receiving for his gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, where he was severely wounded, the thanks of the Ohio Legislature and the brevet of brigadier general. Ou November 21st, 1861, he was made brigadier general of vol unteers. In March, 1862, he assumed the command of the Seventh Divis ion of the Army of the Ohio, with which he was ordered to occupy Cum berland Gap, in Southern Kentucky, then held bv the Confederates. He forced the enemy to retire on Jmi^ 18th, 1862. He also served in the Val ley of the Kanawba and at Vicksburgh, and was afterward assigned to the Thirteenth Army Corps, and commanded at the capture of Fort Hind- man, A.lf- Owing to failing health he resigned in June, 1863, GENERAL THOMAS L. ORITTENDEN. General Crittenden, born in Russellville, Ky., Nay loth, 1815, studied law under his father, was admitted to the bar, and became Commonwealth s Attorney in Kentucky in 1842. He served in the Mexican War as lieuten ant colonel of Kentucky infantry, and was volunteer aid to General Taylor at the battle of Bnena Vista. At the beginning of the Civil War lie espoused the national cause, and on October 27th, 1861, was appointed brigadier general of volunteers. He commanded a division at the battle of Shiloh, and was promoted major general, July 17th, 1862, for gallant service on that occasion, and assigned to the command of a division in the Army of the Tennessee. He served under Rosecrans in the battle of Stone River, and at Chickamauga commanded one of the two corps that were routed. In the Virginia campaign of 18G4 he commanded a division of the Ninth Corps. He resigned December 13th, 1864, but entered the regular army as colonel of the Thirty-second Infantry on July 28th, 1806. He was retired on May 19th, 1881. GENERAL JOTW G. FOSTER. General Foster, born in Whitefield, N. II., May 27th, 1823, died in Nashua, II. IF., September 3d, 1874, was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1846, assigned to the Engineer Corps, and served in the Mexican War under General Scott. He received the brevets of first lieutenant and captain for gallantry. At the beginning of the Civil War he was stationed at Charleston, S. C., and safely removed the garrison of Port Moultrie to Fort Sumter during the night, December 26th-27th, 1860. He was made brigadier general of volunteers October 23d, 1861, com manded a brigade in Burnside s North Carolina expedition, and received the brevet of lieutenant colonel for his services at Roanoke Island. While in command of the Department of North Carolina, in 1862 3, he con ducted several important expeditions. In 1865 he was brevetted brigadier general in the regular army for gallant services in the capture of Savan nah, Ga., and major general for services in the field during the rebellion. 278 RECONNOISSANCE BY COLONEL MAX WEBER S TURNER RIFLES IN THE VICINITY OF NEWMARKET BRIDGE, ON THE ROAD TO YORKTOWN, VA. FEDERAL ARTILLERY TAKING UP POSITION AT THE BATTLE OF SOUTH MOUNTAIN. The Federal movement was admirably executed in face of the well-directed fire from the Confederates, who had the advantage of position and could contest almost every inch of the steep, wooded and rocky approach. By four o clock (September 14th, 1862) the engagement became general, and the en tire ground was vigorously contested until the crest was reached and darkness put an end to the fight. In this engagement the total loss on both sides in killed, wounded and missing was nearly 3,000. General Jesse L. Reno was killed while at the head of his command, and was replaced by General i,ox, General Hatch and Colonel Wainwright being severely wounded. 279 THE FORLOKN HOPE "- VOLUNTEER STORMING PAltTY, CONSISTING OF PORTIONS THE SEVENTH MICHIGAN AND NINETEEN! WHO WERE FIRING UPOX THE FEDE] wo H , -MK, 1 ? on 1 I ? nu 1 mcr 118 acts ot *, for w r yolnnteers to cros , ayones pon, e conceae surpeooters. ousai.is sprang orwar, u ony the boats, and, ,,n n.u hing the other side, drove the Confederates from their posts at the point of the bayonet, capturing 31 H , -MK, 1 on 1 1 118 acts ot Baring which have raised the character of the Federal soldier to the highest position in the military olnnteers to cross and dislodge, at the bayonet s point, the concealed shurpehooters. Thousai.ils sprang forward, but only tl IASSACHUSETTS, CKOSSING THE RAPPAHANNOCK ix ADVANCE OF THE GRAND ARMY, TO PONTONIERS, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1862. 1 THE CONFEDERATE rWhen the fire of the enemy from the rifle pits on the south side of the Rappahannook became so deadly that the pontoniers could not mrrv o i thpir v Jtnber required was chosen. These consisted of men from the Seventh Michigan and Nineteenth Massachusetts Regiments. With the utmost ; ihcritv thi i d" Dnly one man was killed and five wounded in this desperate duty. The bridge was soon finished, and a sufficient force passed over to hold the :A: : Y~ : "-> : ,.,.,^, NAVAL ACTION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES WAR STEAMER " MISSISSIPPI " AND THE CONFEDERATE IRON-CASED FLOATING BATTERY RAM AND OTHER STEAMERS, OFF THE MOUTH OF THE PASS A L OUTRE, NEW ORLEANS, JANUARY Isi, 18C2. BIRD S-EYE VIEW OF THE BURNING OF A CONFEDERATE SCHOONER IN QUANTICO OR DUMFRIES CREEK, POTOMAC RIVER, ON THE NIGHT OF OCTOBER HTH, 1861, BY LIEUTENANT A. D. HARRELL AND A DETACHMENT FROM THE POTOMAC FLOTILLA, On the lOtli of October, 1861, Lieutenant Harrell, commanding the steamer Union, of the Potomac Flotilla, stationed at the mouth of Aquia Creek, learning that the Confederates had fitted out a large schooner in Quantico or Dumfries Creek, and had collected a considerable body of troops there, with the intention of crossing the Potomac, determined that the vessel should be destroyed. He accordingly organized an expedition, and with one boat and two launches entered the mouth of the creek about half-past two o clock on the morning of the llth. The schooner was discovered some distance up, in charge cf a single sentry, who fled and gave the alarm. She was immediately boarded and set on fire ; and when her destruction was rendered cer tain Lieutenant Harrell s men returned to their boats and pulled again for the steamer. Their position was fully revealed by the light of the burning schooner, and they were fired upon continuously from both banks of the narrow stream ; but not one of them was injured, though their clothing in many instances was perforated with bullets. The success of the enterprise was complete. ENCAMPMENT OF COLONEL MAX WEBER S GEEMAN TURNER RIFLE REGIMENT, TWENTIETH NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, AT HAMPTON CREEK, VA. OFFICERS QUARTERS AT THE SUMMER RESIDENCE OF EX-PRESIDENT TYLER. THOROUGHFARE GAP, VA., A PASS IN THE MOUNTAINS ON THE MANASSAS GAP RAILROAD, NEAR STRASBURG, HELD BY GENERAL GEARY. This famous natural break in that part of the mountain ridge called Bull Eun Mountain is about nine miles northeast of Warrenton, forty-sever miles southwest of Washington, and one hundred and twenty-four miles from Richmond. The western side is of granite, covered with soil, on which trees grow up to the summit. On the east side is the Gap, which has been called the Virginia Thermopylae, since a few determined men might hold it against thousands. This splendid defense caught the eye of General Geary, and had there been a necessity to act on the defensive he had resolved there to maku his stand. The rocks lie scattered around in such wild confusion as to suggest the idea of being the result of some convulsion of nature. Near the Gap is a spring, issuing from under an immense rock, of the purest and coldest water, which is neither increased nor diminished in any season. It stands on the roadside, and is called by travelers The Diamond Spring in Palestine." 283 i .-^C- ? ^ : V^, i r - *^- **=* & ,f^ Ek MMWl Bg ^ 284 285 O (J?i *rt CT* S" ^^ * s S g ESif!?? I s- ~g- V* . 33 - J5 ST* S f* S * M ;j p ^3 J PJ "-> e T a a _. * p B B 3 ?P 3 5*-* cr 1 ^ 3 55 oo S cr c k. il^-i 2 -! ro ^ co 3 c*- ^ <* cc ^ ^ M Ctt ^-<* ^ P L_I O> ~ "-1 ec- H- 1 ^ p, o 3 i ra a> K & " " Z 2 S^ Si o* -^ td o, 5- S 2. S 2 ^ <- g I Ml 3J ft t> g ^"^ "< -d P 2 ^ M* infill P P O oo B O t> - O ftl ^3 3 g " 3 n" - a. ^ 3 CB <* "3 to S^l^a- . si H- M,rr" S o 3 2 5-5 o i-f> O O ^ V^ l ~ t * a I aSi-S-lS. 3 ftO-g tr* CO I g H CO S!B.Oi i_(0 3 p S So ^ , i P *1 ^ III II 1 o a p B _ S e.51 a RI^I! We-S S a i" 287 2S8 s s O 2. ~ 2-" p t-> 5 oo H^ O 05 .- S-g-0 ll OQ S- 3 3 a o 3 P - 3 * P p^ ^ re* en tb_ Ml s a- ?s re <t> re t 3.S cr ro re 2 CO ^* S P ^2* re Ctq re 3 Oq re ^^ re S4 2 2 00 QD " T. 5 389 a: PH K K e a 35 a <, ^s w h H W H) -<5 K K K O VflO r dS J* H. S .22 C Q ^ l = " ,0^3 si -: o -" >-. ^ |w J3 o> 4 C N O SO 05 bo o * >> T -id .t-s 0) . J3 O g 3 t-c: 3 tn , i^ l ^^5 r SF ll S Ego O =5 -u *- s _= . a "53 * ^ 1 ^ r. ^l c >.^ ? 2 be "~^n c o> . S t-~ >-. CC " o is 5 g 3T -= *.g t-s ^ c - a c C c (> c 5_ 1*1 o -^: i l* o a g ^ 5-r f O Jr rt ! C prr a. P ES S- s aS Is 2^ S .5 rt t. S.S a o j-^> t. |l| - o! C3 ^ O) ;* aj ^^ n CO CO bC 2 . - c, E - K wo E " TS iSS &>"",- -D o a;:! r-J =8 35 t. o! 01 c fe B B **i 4-1 J3 " O -" ^ GO ^^ & 3 2 S ,-" = S.2 sis I.P a oo rs a 5 >,^ 2 3 <- C S^- 2 3 1 ? 03 S s s: 3 h * s a * 385- .- 2?l l E- .S a) c SI o s o o a g M H H ^, * Q 1 K H K O 2g ^^ 31 s S- ? oS 3. X P I! i 8 C f M " H a K H tq O H O a GENERAL KIAVAHP (). C. OKI). General Onl. horn in Cumberland, M<1.. October 18th, 1818, died in Havana. Cnha, July 22d, 1883, was graduated from tlie United States military Academy in 18:59, and assigned to the Third Artillery. Ho served with distinction in the Florida and Mexican Wars and during the War for the Union. The battle of Dranesville, in 18(11, was won under his leadership, and he was severely wounded at the battle of llatchie and at the assault on Fort Har rison. Having been .several times promoted for gallant and meritorious conduct, he became commander of the Department of Virginia and North Carolina in 1865, and led the Army of the James in the victorious engagements that ended the war. In March, 1805, he received the brevet of major ; "meral in the regular army, and he subsequently held successive command of the Departments of Arkansas, California, Texas and the Platte. GENERAL FRANCIS C. BARLOW. General Barlow, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., October 19th, 1834, was graduated at Harvard in 1855. In 18C1 he enlisted as a private in the Twelfth Regiment, New York State National Guard, and went to the front on the first call for troops to defend the capital. At the end of the three months term of service he had been promoted lieutenant. He at once re-entered the service as lieutenant colonel of the Sixty-first New York Volunteers, was f romoted colonel during the siege of York-town, and distinguished himself at the battle of Fair Oaks, May 31st and June 1st, 1862, for which he was afterward promoted brigadier general. At the battle of Gettysburg he was severely wounded and taken prisoner; but he was exchanged, and recovered in time to take the field again the fol lowing spring. He also participated in the final campaigns of the Potomac Army under General Grant. GENERAL GEORGE H. SHARPE General Sharpe, born in Kingston, N. Y., February 26th, 1828, was graduated at Ilutgers in 1847; studied law at Yale College; was admit ted to the bar in 1854, and practiced until he entered the army in 18C1 as captain in the Twentieth New York Infantry. He became colonel of the One Hundred and Twentieth New York Infantry in 18C2, and took part in all the battles of the Army of the Potomac. He served upon the staffs of Generals Hooker, Meade and Grant, and was brevetted brigadier gen eral in 18C4 and major general in 1865. He was attached to the United States Legation at Vienna in 1851, and was a special agent of the State Department in Europe in 1867. In 1870- 73 he was United States Mar shal for the Southern District of New York, and took the census thai demonstrated the great election frauds of 1868 in New York city, which led to the enforcement of the Federal election laws for the first time in 1871. BATTLE OF ANTIETAM THE OPENING OF THE FIGHT HOOKER S DIVISION FORDING THE GREAT ANTIETAM CREEK TO ATTACK THE CONFEDERATE ARMY UNDER GENERAL LEE, TEN O CLOCK A. M., SEPTEMBER 17m, 18G2. v. CONFEDERATE CAVALRY DRIVING STRAGGLERS AND SKULKERS BACK TO THEIR DUTY AT THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. One of the greatest evils in a volunteer army is the practice of straggling. This decreases under the elevating process of discipline ; but all our artists agree in declaring that they have seen nearly one-fourth of a regiment, including officers, dropping off one by one at convenient opportunities. In some cases this may have proceeded from sheer exhaustion, but generally it was for the purpose of cooking their rations, taking a nap, or for shirking a battle. Federal discipline was very lax in this respect, and more stringent regulations were imperatively demanded. The Confederate generals, whom no consi leration of humanity ever restrained from making the most cruel examples, treated stragglers without mercy, and hundreds of these miserable men were cut down or shot by their own officers in their attempts to evade the stern necessity of battle. The result was that the Confederate troops very often fought with a desperation unknown in modern warfare. Our artist, who from a hill at Antietam had a capital view of the field of battle, saw many instances in which some mounted Confederate officers rode amid a body of stragglers and drove them back into the conflict. Our sketch illustrates this peculiar mode of Southern drilling. . ^ . . : a tftalLdi L B ./ ( . .T0B. J i - * , ^ ; fe i $ im * BOMBARDMENT OF FKEDEBICKSBURG, VA., BY THE ARMY OF THE POTO tire of all your guns on the city and b; few moments these thirty-five batteries of course, terrific, and, regarded men Our correspondent,* repo;t of this event: "At ten o clock General Bnrnside gives the order, Concentrate the fire ght centre, e even batteries; Colonel Tyler, left centre, seven batteries; Captain L>e Hussy, left, nine batteries. In a I by the bend of the river and land opposite Fredericksburg, opened on the doomed city. The effect was, . , _, .~ the very loudest thunder peals. It lasted thus for upward of an hour, fifty rounds being fired from each gun, and I know not how many though a great deal could be heard, nothing could be seen, the city being still enveloped in fog and mist. Only a denser pillar of stn (gently saw that at least a dozen houses must be on fire. Toward noon the curtain rolled up, and we saw that it was indeed so. Fredericksburg was in c uud by our gunners almost impossible to obtain a sufficient depression of their pieces to shell the front part of the city, and the Confederate sharpshoo , COMMANDED BY GENERAL BUKNSIDE, THURSDAY, DECEMBEK HTH, 1862. it down ! You may believe they were not loath to obey. The artillery of the right eignt batteries was commanded oy Colonel Hays; Colonel Tompkins, ling a total of one hundred and seventy-nine guns, ranging from 10-pounder Parrotts to 44-inch siege guns, posted along the convex side of the arc of the j a phenomenon, was among the most awfully grand conceivable. Perhaps what will give you the liveliest idea of its effect is a succession, absolutely without red tons of iron were thrown into the town. The congregated generals were transfixed ; mingled satisfaction and awe was upon every face. But what was defining itself on the background of the fog indicated where the town had been fired by our shells. Another and another column showed itself, and we gration. Tremendous though this firing had been, and terrific though its effect obviously was on the town, it had not accomplished the object intended. 1* were still comparatively safe behind the thick stone walls of the houses." 97 LAND PRACTICE OF SAILORS WITH THE UAHLGREN HOWITZER BOAT GUN SPONGING OUT THE GUN. ARTILLERY PRACTICE WITH THf. DAHLGREX HOWITZER I5OAT GUN LOADING. c i ^^>^--g*j ARTILLERY PRACTICE WITH THE DAHLOREN HOWITZER BOAT GUN -OFFICER GIVING THE AVORD OF COMMAND TO FIRE. 298 "THE PIRATE S DECOY "CAPTAIN SEMMES, OF THE CONFEDERATE PRIVATEEK "ALABAMA," DECOYING SHIPS TOWARD HIM BY BURNING A PRIZE VESSEL. The plan that Captain Semmes adopted to bring fish to his net was as follows : Whenever he captured a ship, after taking from her all that he and his officers wanted, he lay by her until dark, and then set her on fire. The light of the burning ship could be seen many miles, and every other ship within seeing distance st ood toward the light, thinking to rescue a number of poor fellows from destruction. The pirate kept in the immediate vicinity, awaiting the prey that was sure to come, and the next morning the poor fellows who to serve the cause of humanity had gone many miles out of their course found themselves under the guns of the Alabama, with the certainty that before another twenty-four hours they would share the fate of the ship they went to serve. THE "QUAKER CITY," ONE OF THE POTOMAC FLOTILLA, ENGAGING CONFEDERATE DRAGOONS IN LYNN HAVEN BAY, NEAR CAPE HENRY VA. The Quaker City, Commander Carr, one of the United States Flotilla of the Potomac, while cruising in Lynn Haven Bay, near Cape Henry, picked up a man named Lynch, a refugee from Norfolk, who represented that the master plumber of the Norfolk Navy Yard was ashore and wished to be taken off. An armed boat which was sent for the purpose was fired upon when near the shore, mortally wounding James Lloyd, a seaman of Charle* town. Mass. A few 32-pound shells dispersed the Confederates. SM 02 K* I I 3 ^ P d O H O2 a ft, O K 1 w w K 1 - Ha - - % iPn ii 1 1 300 13 =3 i.4 0) 3 CO O EH 3 K fa K EH C 08 <U DO CO 3 O !- !U C a o a . M JS t H 1 < * S s? 3 g. P w W H K K O of jzf O g K K O ^ . e 00 CD T3 rQ ~ C OJ *" C3-C 9 c.2 =5 ^fcC all o O 1 W K W H fa O o o -- g eo ; " III CO ^ Q> P 5 "I C..2 aj - 5 ^ a^ i -. 0) in K O W m H W) -S OS W ffi rr C -S 4) rQ , E b / S -- 00 ^ ! I . o C O _r- O * cr s* o C cr =r : g P O w o o 3 sr H w S | o-crq > 3 s M 3 a & O X w 1 W S _ cr O .- ~ Ff s S rt . 2. Q l ? 1 B & . <W s o a to 2. S." o 3 -- 1 * 31)3 GENERAL CHESTER A. ARTHUR. General Arthur, twenty-first President of the United States, was born in Fail-field, Franklin County, Vt., October 5th, 1830 ; died in New York city, November 18th, 1880. In 1841 he entered the law office of Erastus D. Culver as a student, was admitted to the bar during the same year, and at once became a member of the firm of Culver, Parker & Arthur. On January 1st, 1861, Governor Morgan, who on that date entered upon his second term, and between whom and Mr. Arthur a warm friendship had grown up, appointed him on his staff as engineer in chief, with the rank of brigadier general. In April, 18C1, his active services were required by Governor Morgan, and he became acting quartermaster general, and as such began in New York city the work of preparing and forwarding the State s quota of troops. On February 10th, 1862, he was appointed inspector general, with the rank of brigadier general, and in May he inspected the New York troops at Fredericksburg and on the Chickahorniny. In June, 1862, Governor Morgan ordered his return from the Army of the Potomac, and he acted as secretary of the meeting of the governors of the loyal States which was held at the Astor House, New ^ ork city, June 28th. The governors advised President Lincoln to call for more troops ; and on July 1st he called for 300,000 volunteers. At Gov ernor Morgan s request General Arthur resumed his former work, resigned as inspector general, and Jnly 10th, was appointed quartermaster general, lie went out of office on December 31st, 1862, when Horatio Seymour succeeded Governor Morgan. General Arthur was elected Vice President of the United States, and took the oath of office March 4th, 1881. President Garfield died September 19th. His cabinet announced his death to the Vice President, then in New York, and at their suggestion he took the oath as President on the 20th, at his residence, 123 Lexington Avenue, before Judge John R. Brady, of the New York Supreme Court. On the 22d the oath was formally administered again in the Vice President s room in the Cap tol Washington, by Chief Justice Waite. GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER. General Hooker, born in Iladley, Mass., November 13th, 1814, died in Garden City, N. Y., October 31st, 1879, was graduated from the United State Militarv Academy in 1837. and appointed a second lieutenant in the First Artillery, serving in the Florida and Mexican wars with distinction. He resigned from the a.-rny, February 21st, 1853, and from that time until 1801 lived a precarious and not very successful life. At the beginning of the Civil War hu promptly offered his services, which the government made haste to accept, and he was appointed a brigadier general of volunteers, May 17th, 1861. He saw the battle of Bull Run without participating in it. He was employed in the defenses of Washington, August 12th, 1861, and then oil the eastern shore of the Lower Potomac ; and was appointed, in April, 1802, to the command of the Second Division in the Third Corps, Army of the Potomac, under Meintzelman, and fought in that capacity during the Peninsular campaign. He was distinguished at the siege of Yorktown, and was appointed a major general of volunteers on the day after the evacuation, May 5th. In the battle of Williamsburg his single division held the whole Con- fuiierate army in check and lost 2,228 men, killed or wounded, while 30,000 national troops looked on and gave no assistance until, when all his men hud been engaged and he was obliged to retire, Kearny and Hancock came to his relief. He was also distinguished at the battle of Fair Oaks, Frazier\ Farm. Glendale and Malvern Hill. At the close of the campaign Hooker was employed, still as a division commander, in the new movement under General Pope against Leo s Army of Northern Virginia, and fought with skill and valor at Bristoe Station, Manassas and Chantilly, where he held the enemy in check with the gallant Kearny, who was killed there. He took a prominent part in the Maryland campaign, and was engaged in the battle of South Mountain, September 14th, 1802, where he carried the mountain side on the right of Turner s Gap. At the battle of Antietam, September 17th, he again did more than his share of the lighting. He was shot through the foot and carried from the field. His wound only kept him out of the field until November 10th, when he rejoined the army for the campaign on the. Rappahannoek, with Fredericksburg as the objective point. He was appointed to the command of the Army of the Potomac, January 25th, 1803, and reorganized it. Perceiving the inferiority of his army, Hooker demanded that the 11,000 troops under French at Harper s Ferry should be added to his force. This was refused, and for this reason ostensibly Hooker sent in his resig nation of the command. The President issued an order, under date of June 27th, 1803, relieving General Hooker, and conferring the command of the Army of the Potomac upon General Meade, who conducted it to Gettysburg. On September 24th Hooker was assigned to the command of the Twentieth Army Corps. With these troops he was sent to the South for the relief of Chattanooga, first under Rosecrans and afterward under Giant. He distin guished himself at Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. When Sherman organized his army for the invasion of Georgia Hooker was retained in command of the Twentieth Corps, and gained new laurels at Mill Creek Gap, Resaca, Dallas and Pine Mountain. He was relieved of his command at his own request, July 30th, 1864. For the part lie took in the movements under Grant and Sherman he was brevetted a major general in the regular army under date of March 13th, 1865. He was at his own request placed on the retired list, October 15th, 1868, with the full rank of a major general. 305 o Cl - . 1 M IV 1 K ft r^: i-lC> 3r-*tf ^^, >r r 1 1^.^ : ^*ita^ X c* x x o 05 H a 33 I 3) X Q HH o Sj H 35 X ^ co 307 g H M O - O H ^ ft M O w w H w O K cc w H S>3 w H ffi 308 CD O 3 C^O O p 5- M ^.5= W CD ^ >> ^ S. - O -. P O3 P P a i. CD " H ~ W "2 w - * 2 5 S- crw. s= o e-t" 2 ^ T ft) __^ o 5 h-te C | P- j; "-i s E. CD CD s If SB fl I 309 GKNKIt.U, <;<>! YEIINT.I II WAllllKN. General \\arren. born in Cold Spring. N. Y. . January Mb. l*3n. died in Newport. K. I.. August Sth. 18*2. was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1 s;,u. and assigned to the Topographical Fugineers as brevet second lieutenant. At the beginning of the Civil War he entered act ive service as lieutenant colonel of the Fifth New York Volunteers, of which regiment he became colonel on August 31st. 1801. His regiment was ord.TC l : Monroe, and he look part in the battle of P>ig liethel. IMirini; the vmainder of the year he was stationed at Baltimore, where he "" Federal Hill. In the spring of 1H02 he joined the Army of the Potomac, sen ing in the Peninsular campaign atul at Yorktown. He was gi\eu a brigade in the Hfih Army Corps in May, with which lie covered the extreme riirht of the armv and took part in the capture of Ilan- "\er Court . the pursuit of Confederate cavalry under Stuart, the battle of Games Mill, the affair at Malvern Hill and subsecpient battle, kirmish at Harrison s Landing. His brigade was then sent to re-enforce General Pope, ami he participated in the battle of Manassas, was en raged at Antietam and the battle of Fredericksbiirg. On September 2Gth. 1802. he was appointed brigadier general of volunteers for his services at On March :>d. 1MI3. he was appointed chief of engineers of the Army of the Potomac, and (luring the Chancellorsville campaign he t"(> the storming of Marye s Heights and the battle of Salem. uring He continued as chief ampagn engineers under M eade, and was engaged at Get t -sburg, where he seized Little Koiind Top. On August llth, 1803. he was made major general of volunteers. lie participated in the battles of the Wilderness campaign and those around Petersburg. lie received the successive brevets in the United States Army up to major GENEKAL JOHN JAMES PECK. General Peck, born at Manilas, N. Y., January 4th. 18-,M. died at Syra cuse. N. <> .. April 28th, 1878, was graduated from the United States Mili tary Academy in L843, and commissioned a brevet second lieutenant of artillery. Served m the Mexican War, and distinguished himself at the battles of 1 do Alto, Bewca de la I alma, Contreras and Churubusco. On August )th, 1801 he was made a brigadier general, and at the time of the Virginia I emnsula campaign in April :u ,d May, 1803, was given the com mand of a brigade in the Fourth Corps under General Couch. He was appointed a major general in July. L868, and afterward commanded at He stormed Hill s Point, capturing it, an,l thus ending the Here he was severely wounded. He was mustered out of the service August 2-Uli, 18U5. GENERAL GEORGE W. CULT.rM. General Cullum, born in New York city, February 25tb, 1809, died in New York city, February 28th, 1892, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1833, and brevetUd a second lieiitenant in the En gineer Corps. During the Mexican " ar he rendered valuable services as superintending engineer for devising and constructing flipper, miner and pontoon trains. In 1801 he was appointed chief engineer of the Depart ment of the Missouri, with the rank of brigadier general of volunteers, and made chief of staff to General Halleck. The letter position he con tinued to hold after Halleck was made general in chief, and accompanied him in his Southwestern campaigns, and afterward to headquarters in Wash ington, D. C., until 1804, when he became superintendent of the United States Military Academy. k 2 "&"\ BA PTLR OF \K\V liEUXK-LTEUTEXAXT ITAAniOXT> CAPTUKTXG COLONEL A VERY, OF SOUTH CA1SOLIXA, WHILE HE WAS Exi)KA\:;.i :v; TO J;ALLY THE FLYING CONFEDERATES. Our illnstnition ivpn sonts the moment when Lioutriiant IT; -iptiired at tlie sjune time. FEDERAL, CAVALRY LEADERS GENERALS PLEASONTON, BAYAKD AND COLONEL PERCY WYNDHAM MAKING A RECON VOIfcSAYCH NEAR FREDERICKSBURG, VA. 31J \, BATTLE OF STONE EIVER, TENN "HE DECISIVE CHARGE OF GENER OST S DIVISION ACKOS8 Till I!IVER-THE CONFEDERATES FLYING IN CONFUSION. Afternoon of Friday, January 2d, 1863, at the battle of Murfreesborongh, or Stone River. About four o clock in the afternoon General Rosecrans, seeing that the .1 If the most disciplined troops in the world. The Eighteenth Ohio Regiment dashed into the river, the Nineteenth Illinois and Twenty-first Ohic following close 4] ant men; on they rushed; the Con federates met the shock, then wavered, and then were driven back at the bayonets point, i step by step, for some half-mile, " great battl. of ^one River, in which, if ever men met foemen worthy of their steel, they met them then. iiErife. Thus was won the great * A IK^TTVxN^^ r a ; / s sHv\f ^cvaSte . ARMY <>K TIIK POTOMAC REOROSSING THE RAPPAHANNOCK FROM FREDERICKSBURG TO FALMOITTH, ON MONDAY, DKCKMI JvU 35, 18(il THE NIGHT OF x THE RAID TN KENTUCKY^THE CONFEDERATE MOROATI WITH TITS OFKRRTLLAS HtVOTTACKTNO iN COURTHOUSE SQOAKE, tAElft BOTTRBOX COTTNTT, AFTER TvEVYTNCi CONTRTHrTTONS ON THE TTvyHAPTTANTS. The Confederate Morgan reached Paris and Ovnthiana. both of which plnr-os ho oocnpiod. lovvinp lareo contributions on its nnfort-.iimto inhabitant, artist reported that it was a most inimnted nnd intorestina sieht to PM. tno Wank dismay of the "Parisians " whon Morgan and b men r bivouacked in their fine square. Berond some robberies there were no outrages committed. The Conrthouse is a very imposing 1 ling, a id, stand ing on the highest spot, in the town, is visibb f~r miles around. 314 LAKE PROVIDENCE, LA., HEADQUARTERS OP GENERAL MePHERSON AND THE EEDEEAL DIVISION UNDER HIS COMMAND. 0;;r artist wrote: "The Seventeenth Army Corps, under General McPherson, have been exceedingly fortunate in being ordered to Lake Providenc La. Their tents are pitched in pleasant places. I have not seen a position anywhere along the Mississippi Uiver, or anywhere else, which offers sue inducements for an army < to stay awhile as the banks of this beautiful lake. There is a little town on the landing, which is only fit for, and therefore only occupied by, negro quarters and sutler shops. The lake is immediately back of the village, and not more than a quarter of a mile from the river. Immense cotton fields stretch away on both sides of it, and beautiful residences, surrounded by elaborate gardens full of Soi thern shrubbery, adorn its banks." 1 t- THE ADVANCE ON PORT HUDSON BAGGAGE TRAIN OP GENERAL ATTGTTR S TITVISTON CROSSING THE BAYOU MONTEOTNO, MARCH 13TH, 18fi3. , . Oar sketch represents a ba^gasre train belonging to Oenernl Angnr s division orossmp a TU.rle creelf. or bayon. about, four miles from Baton fionee. yenieul8 r p^nhebatterie& 6neral made & feigned advance a S ainst For t Hudson on March 13th, in order to facilitate Commodore Parragut a W* H P a H Q X X ts -I) ca X o w w H B H O a x K . (H K K h-i P K Q C X gl T. O X > w O w PS H < W O Q X H (^\ K S O 9 316 BaCK? i Oq S o 3* S a e-- GO ~ CFQ 2 re^ s* 1 ^ -* .-, S-.; ^ . 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C ( Wl B I N S TtJE ,..- ,\ ^ _r- THANKSGIVING FESTIVITIES AT FOKT PULASKI, GA., THUESDAY, NOVEMBER 27 T n, 18G2. While the loyal citizens of illustrate the amusement indul^ eighth Regiment, New York V f the North were eating tlieir turkeys the Federal soldiers in the South were also celebrating their Thanksgiving We ;ed in at Fort Pulaski, (ia. The grand attraction of the day, however, was the fete given by the officers of the . olunteers, (Jolouel Barton, and Company G, Third Kliode Island Kegiineut. ADMIRAL DAVID G. FARRAGUT. Admiral Farragut, born at Campbell s Station, near Knoxville, Tenn., July 5th, 1801, died in Portsmouth, N. II., August 14th, 1870. He was fip- pointed to the navy from his native State, and as a midshipman saw active service as early as 1810. In the Essex, under Commodore Porter, he took part, in 1812- 13, in her famous cruise against the English commerce in the Pacific. After the capture of the Essex he served on board the line-of-battle ship Independence, and afterward as lieutenant on the Brandywine. In 1847 he was given command of the Saratoga, and in her took part in the naval operations of the Mexican War. When the Civil War broke out Farragut was given command of the Gulf Squadron. The Mississipp Kiiver below New Orleans was defended with forts, chairs stretched across the stream, fire ships, torpedoes, and every kind of appliance. Before commencing actively the attack a council of war was held in the cabin of the admiral s ship, at which all the commanders of the various vessels in the fleet were present. With the exception of two the opinions were unanimously in favor of making the attack ; and then was inaugurated the series of naval triumphs which sur passed anything of the kind ever before attempted. The capture of New Orleans was thus secMred on April 28th, 1862. The next year Admiral Farra gut commanded the attack on Mobile, and in this engagement went into action lathed to the rigging of his ship. lie served in the navy more than fifty years, and of this time spent only eleven v.aemployed on the sea. ttii K ao ^ O tl fe o O 23 O < o I K tf C S< O o 32s; I k fflfi ! < t * * ! a g ,1 se 5 a 05 g. O >- <B 41 2 3- -^ <D ^j . ! c; o t-l O ^ c W J -rj K H 1-1 -2 i B 5; . HH O S -t a o O tj. > s So 5 324 REAR ADMIRAL CHARLES WTLKES. ear mra es, orn n ew or cty, April 3d, 1798. died in Washington. I). ( .. e January 1st, 1818, and was promoted to lieutenant, April 28th, 1821!. He served several years in Wilkes was on coast survey duty, being commissioned commander. .Inly 13th, 1843 ; captain, Septe war 8(1. : Jucinto in 1801, on the outbreak of the Civil War. His first dut was the ursuit of Rear Admiral Wilkes, born in New York city, April 3d, 1798. died in Washington. I). ( .. February 8th. 1877. He entered the navy as a midshipman. the Mediterranean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. In 1843 September 14th, 1855 ; and placed in command of the sloop ol pursuit of the Confederate war vessel ftumter. On November 8th the Sun ,/fii-nito encountered the English mail steamer Trent, which was on its way from Havana to St. Thomas, West Indies, having on board the Con federate Commissioners to France and Great Britain John Slide!!, (if Louisiana, and James M. Mason, of Virginia with their secretaries. On overtaking the Trent Wilkes ordered Lieutenant Fairfax to bring them off. Tin- officials were removed to the !<an Jnciiifo, in which they were taken to Fort War ren, in Boston harbor. In 1802 Wilkes commanded the James Ixiver Flotilla, and shelled City Point. He was promoted to commodore on July 16th, i862, and took charge of a special squadron in the West Indies. He was placed on the retired list, because of age, June 25th. 1804, and promoted to rear admiral on the retired list, Julv 25th, 1866. GENERAL ROBERT PATTERSON. General Patterson, born in Cappagh, County Tvrone, Ireland, January 12th, 1792, died in Philadelphia, Pa., August ?ih, 1881. lie was commis sioned first lieutenant of infantry in the War of 1812, and afterward served on General Joseph Bloomfield s staff. Ho became major general of volun teers at the beginning of the Mexican War, and served with distinction at Cerro Gordo and Jalapa. At the beginning of the Civil War he was mus tered into the service as major general of volunteers. He crossed the Potomac on June loth at Williamsport. When General McDowell advanced into Virgina General Patterson was instructed to watch the troops under General Johnston at Winchester, Va. He claimed that the failure of General S.-ott to send him orders, for which he had been directed to wait, caused his failure to co-operate with McDowell in the movements that resulted in the battle of Bull Run. He was mustered out of service on the expiration of bis commission, July 27th, 1861. 329 GENERAL GEORGE STONEMAN. General Stoneman, born in Busti, Chautauqua County, N. Y., August 8th, 1822, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 184C, and entered the First Dragoons. In February, 18C1, while in command of Fort Brown, Texas, he refused to obey the order of his superior, General Twiggs, for the surrender of the government property to the Secessionists, evacuated the fort and went to New York by steamer. He became major of the First Cavalry, May 9th, 1861, and served in Western Virginia till August 13th, when he was appointed brigadier general of volunteers and chief of cavalry of tho Army of the Potomac. He served during the Virginia Penin sular campaign of 1802. He was appointed major general, November 29th, 1862. He was engaged in the Atlanta campaign from May to July, 1864; was captured at Clinton, Ga., July 31st, and held a captive till October 27th. He became colonel of the Twenty-first Infantry, July 28th, 1866, and wa<5 brevetted colonel, brigadier and major general for gallant conduct. EXPLOSION OF 3,000 MUSKET UAKTIMDUKH IN A TEXT AT FORT TOTTEN, NEW IJERNE. N. 0., THE HJUDQUABTERS OF THE THIRD NEW YORK AKTILLEKY. Onr correspondent wrote: "There is a great carelessness in the handling of munitions of war, of which we have just had , proof i, I. hulking to blow the flies from the tent by flashing powder-a common practice-a spark caught a box of three t K uJ. d r sket c-ntri lies the sansing a tremendous explosion, which wounded four men (two dangerously) and blew the tent to atoms." SKIRMISHING IN THE WOODS. ON THE ADVANCE TO impenetrable forest, came snddenfv nnon 1 8Ce . ne : 1 conld we Jt forjret the deadly nature of it. A party of skirmishers, thrown ont in front in the aim. Other, and announcing to the main bodies that th^f 1 hLTl!!!!! ^ ^ e woods soon ran w *^ *^ e 8 ^ ar P report of the n fle, sending death to ea 827 DARING AND DESPERATE ATTACK SURPRISE AND CAPTURE OF THE UNITED STATES GUNBOAT "HARRIET LANE" BY THE CONFEDERAT] About two o clock in the morning of January 1st, 18G3, the Federal gunboats were attacked by five Confederate steamers, protected by double rows of bales <> Wamwright and Lieutenant Commander Lee, and a crew of 130, all told, had been killed by musketry from the Confederate steamers. The gunboats Clifton and into the hands of the Confederates. CTplosiou took place before a boat containing The West field (flagship, Commodore Kenshaw) was not engaged, being ashore in another channel. Her crew n itaining Commodore Kenshaw, First Lieutenant Zimmerman and the boat s crew got away, and they were blown Her crew were transfer) < up with the , o* Massachusetts, did not exceed 300, the residue not having disembarked ut the time of the light. The Federal loss was 160 killed and 200 taken priso JNDEE GENEEAL MAGEUDEE, AND DESTEUCTION OF THE FLAGSHIP "WESTFIELD," IN GALVESTON HABBOK, TEX., JANUARY IST, 1863. ton, and loaded with troops armed with rifles, muskets, etc. The Harriet Lane was captured by boarding, after about ail her officers, including Captain ;o were engaged and escaped, the former losing no men and but 1 wounded. The Owasco lost 1 killed and 15 wounded. Two barks, loaded with coal, feli transports, and Commodore Eenshaw, fearing she would fall into the hands of the Confederates, blew her up. By some mismanagement or accident tho The Confederate force was estimated at 5,000, under the command of General Magrnder. The Federal laud force, under the command of Colonel The navy suffered the most, l^e Confederate loss was much greater, as the Federal guns were firing grape and canister continually in their CAPTURE OF THE UNITE]) STATES MAIL STEAMER "ARIEL." CAPTAIN JONES. OFF THE EAST PIRATE "ALABAMA" ("liilO"), CAPTAIN SEMMES, DECEMBER TTH, 1862. END OF CUBA. BY THE Keport (if the lirst ollicer of the Ariel : "On (lie 7th of December, at 1:30 P. Ji., when rouiuling Capo Maysi, the eastern point of Cuba, wo saw a ve.-sel about four miles to the westward, close under the high land, bark-rigged and under canvas. As there was nothing in her appearance indicating her to be a steamer, her stnokepipe being down, no suspicions were aroused until in a short time we saw she had furled her sails, raised her smokestack, iiiid was rapi.lly Hearing us under steam, the American flag flying at her peak. Such was her speed in comparison to ours that in about half an hour *he had come up within half a mile of us, when she fired a lee gun, hauled down the American ensign and ran up the Confederate flag. K"o attention was paid to the summons, and the Ariel was pushed to her utmost speed. She then sailed across our wake, took a position on our port quarter, about four hundred yards distant, and fired two guns almost simultaneously, one shot passing over the hurricane deck, and the other hitting the foremast and cutting it half away. A body of United States marines, consisting of K O men. passengers on board the Ariel, had been drawn up and armed, but the officers in command deemed it worse than folly to resist, as we could plainly see they were training a full broadside to bear upon us, and Captain Join** gave orders to stop the ship and haul down the ensign." THE BANKS EXPEDITION-SCENE ON THE HURRICANE DECK OF THE UNITED STATES TEANSPORT "NORTH STAR" THE SOLDIERS OF THE FORTY-FIRST MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT WRITING HOME TO THEIR FRIENDS, UPON THEIR ARRTVAT, AT SHIP ISLAND, GULF OF MEXICO. We publish a sketch taken on the evening of the arrival of the Forty-first Massachusetts Regiment at Ship Island. The thoughts of the dear ones at home were uppermost in every soldier s mind, and in a very short time the hurricane deck of the steamer North Star was occupied by a regiment of letter-writers, all hard at work in the service of Cadmus. It is only those separated from all they hold dear who can realize the luxury of that inven tion which wafts a sigh from ludus to the Pole. FEDERAL, SOLDIEES SHOOTING CATTLE FOB THE SUPPLY OF THE ARMY BUTCHERING AND DRESSING CATTLE FOR DISTRIBUTION TO THE FEDERAL ARMY. The romance and reality of life were never so strikingly displayed as in the Civil War. Fact and fiction never seemed more apart than the soldier waving his sword when leading the forlorn hope and when sitting before his tent cooking rations; for, despite all the commissariat arrangements, there was much room for improvement in these particulars. We give a couple of sketches which will enable our readers to see how matter-of-fact and me chanically base were some of the soldiers employments when in camp. Men who would shrink from turning butcher in New York, Boston or Philadel phia were forced by the resistless tide of circumstances to lend a hand to the killing a beeve and afterward to the dressing and cooking H. 831 Hfflyj,* O H pi w Cl g K ffi w W W P X fa w c c: saa cc ^ 35 Si H H SI 35. H W 35 > X 2! O i> 25 > J2 CO >> CD w# > * s H 333 mm "-W, %^ K 834 ~ o n* i O S" HH =." s.ffl r 835 337 I w 5 ts H A, : ( \ ;, v^ 4 \ t^"V- . M \ hfllli !. ii/ >( t I S- fi tfe ,"^L*C. 33<J |"ii . " g -a rfl O - " 2 ~ 05 C_Tl~ -w 1 I HI M 19 SH A 341 GENERAL OLIVER O. HOWARD. General Howard, born \r\ Leeds, Me., November 8th, 183o, was graduated at Bowdoin in 1850, and at the United States Military Acaflemy in 18.54 ; became first lieutenant and instructor in mathematics in 185!:. and resigned in 1861 to take command of the Third Maine Regiment. He com manded a brigade at the first battle of Bull Run, and for gallantry in that engagement was made brigadier general of volunteers, September 3d, 1861. He was twice wounded at the battle of Fair Oaks, losing his right arm on June 1st,, 1862. In November, 1862, he became major general of volun teers. He commanded the Eleventh Corps during General Hooker s operations in the vicinity of Predericksburg ; served at Gettysburg, Lookout Valh V and .Missionary Ridge, and WHS on the expedition for the relief of Knoxville in December, 1863. He was in occupation of Chattanooga from this time till July, 1864. when he was assigned to the the Army of the Tennessee in the invasion of Georgia; was at the surrender of Atlanta, and joined in pursuit of the Confederates in Alabama, under Hood, from October 4th till December 13th. 1864. In the march to the sea he commanded the right wing of General Sherman s army. He was in command of the Army of the Tennessee, and engaged in all the important battles from Januarv 4th till April 26th, 1865. GENERAL JOHN POPE. General Pope, born in Louisville, Ky., March 16th, 1822, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1842, and made brevet second lieutenant of engineers. He served in Florida in 1842- 44, and took part in the Mexican War, being brevetted first lieutenant for gallantry at Monterey, and captain for his services in the battle of Buena Vista. In May, 1861, he was made brigadier general and assigned to command in Missouri. When General Curtis was sent in pursuit of Price General Pope "as dispatched to Commerce, Mo., where he organized rapidly an army of 12,000 men, and by hie vigorous movements in March, 1862, captured New Madrid and Island No. 10, with thousands of prisoners. He was then pro moted to be major general of volunteers and brigadier general in the regular army. He went to Washington, where he took command of the Army of Virginia, with which he fought the battle of Cedar Mountain and the Bfic- ki baitle oJ Sail Run. He died September 23d, 1892. 342 REAR ADMIRAL JOHN A. WINSLOW. Rear Admiral Winslow, born in Wilmington, N. C., No.vember 19th, 1811, died in Boston, Mass., September 29th, 1873. He entered the navy as a midshipman, February 1st, 1827, and was made a lieutenant. February 9th, 1839. He was commissioned captain, July 16th, 1862, and commanded the steamer Kearsarge on special service in 1863- 64 in pursuit of the Alabama. Captain Winslow arrived off Cherbourg, June 14th, 1864, where he found the Alabama, and blockaded her in the harbor. The Alabama made preparations for light, and Captain Raphael Semmes caused Winslow to be informed of this intention through the United States Consul. , Sun day, June 19th, 1864, he was lying three miles off the eastern eiitrstre of the harbor when the Alabama came out. Winslow steamed off seven miles from the shore so as to be beyond the neutral ground, and then steamed to ward the Alabama. The engagement lasted one hour and twenty niiuutefa. After the last shot was fired the Alabamv, sank out of sight. DISTRIBUTING KATIONS AND APPOINTING A KNAPSAOK GHXKI) P.KFOKK A IIEOOXNOISSANCE NEAH WAKBENTON, \A. Our sketch represents the Federal soliiien, receiving choir rations ami th.j appointment, of a guard for ihcir knapsacks. Thanks to our illustration the exempts, whether sneaks, aliens, valetudinarians, or" members of that peace society, the Home Guards, could jet a, pretty accurate idea of a soldiu< life, and be present in spirit with their noble Iroobors on whom they had devolved the sacred duty of bartk. THE PONTOON BEIDGE "ON THE MAKCH " THE PONTOON WAGONS ON THEIR WAY FROM AQUIA GREEK TO THE RAPPAHANNOCE. 343 SIEGE OF VICKSHURG ATTK 186: Our sketch represents the terrible but fruitless assault made on Pemberton s last line of defense around the city of Vicksburg. On Mav 2 M apart connected by deep intrenchments and extending for seven miles. Lawler s brigade rushed up amid a cross fire, and with heavy IORS pla i nand ordered up Benton and Bin-bridge on the right. Sherman and McPherson also advanced, and at point after poin the old flag flui the bravery of the men. Covered by the ravines which intersected the ground the Federal troops would get near the works and nmkc a ^alK-Hit r< erals even when in the fort, were almost as far from victory as before. In one case a party of twelve lowans, led by a voutli mmied Criffil had discharged their pieces and brought them off. The Confederates used for almost the first time hand grenades, which they rolled down the sides h irmy could stand such losses. Closer were the lines drawn around the enemy. Siege guns were mounted. The mines began their work, an THE CONFEDERATE WORKS, MAY 22D, 1863. mendous assault was made on the grass-covered fortifications held by the Confederate army. These works consisted of a chain of forts about eight hundred ars and Stripes on the edge of a parapet; but the enemy gathered there, and the Federals were overpowered. Liindrum s brigade came to the relief, but or awhile on the works. On the extreme right Steele s division, with Blair on his left, advanced ;is Pemberton fell back, and, like the others, could only vard. reach the parapet, yet when the edge of the fort was gained the interior was swept by a line of rifle pits in the rear and a partition breastwork, so and held a fort, but all finally fell under the fire of their assailants except Griffiths, who, with musket and revolver, captured fourteen Confederates who irorks on the assaulting party in the ditch or clinging to the side. This dreadful day swept awaj thousands of gallant Federals. The siege now began in ortifications were assailetf from beneath. * \. v\ f~ i <K*v\*wwt A* ->33 SIEGE OF VH Ksni-Kd T1IK TWKNTY-THI HI> INDIANA AM) l < )KTY-1 I i TH IM.INOIS REGIMKNTS. LEGCETTS BRIGADE, LOGAN S DIVISION. McPHERSOVS COUPS, STORMING 1-OKT II ILL. AI-TKIl THE EXPLOSION OE THE MINE, JUNE MTU, 1863. ,, BATTLE OF CORINTH, MISS., OCTOBER 4, 18<i2-SCENE IN THE ROUNDABOUTS OF FORT ROBIN ETT AFTER THE REPULSE OF THE CONFEDERATES. We present an exact copy of ;i photograph showing the scene which presented itself to the Federals at Fort Robinett. As our readers are aware, the battle of Corinth, which took place on the 3d and 4th of October, was one of the most sanguinary, in proportion to the numbers engaged, that occurred in the West, and it was contested on both sides with great valor and skill. The Federal troops wore led by (iencral Rosecrans, and those of the enemy by Van Dorn, Trice and Villepigue. The Confederates lost two acting brigadier generals. Johnson and Rogers, who. by a singular coincidence, both full at the same time and within a few feet of each other. In addition to those officers, they lost Colonels Ross, Morton and McLaine, and Major James. An officer of the Third Michigan Cavalry said: "Fort Ilobinett was garrisoned by the First United States Artillery, and here the greatest slaughter took place. In the roundabouts of the fort were found the remains of Generals Johnson and Rogers, and close to them were the bodies of fifty-six of their men, principally of the Second Texas and Fourth Mississippi Regiments. General Rogers was a brave man ; he was killed while planting the Confederate flag urou the parapet of the fort, from which the enemy were finally repulsed with great slaughter " ^fc_ 346 , SIEGE OF VICKSBURG SHARPSHOOTERS IN THE RIFLE PITS CONSTRUCTED BY CAPTAIN HICKENLOOPER, THE CAPTURE OF ARKANSAS POST, ARK. GENERAL STEPHEN G. BURBRIDGE, ACCOMPANIED BY HIS STAFF, PLANTING THE STARS AND STRIPES ON FORT HINDMAN, JANUARY UTS, 1863. No sooner was the fort surrendered than General Burbridge and his staff sprang across the ditch, mounted the parapet, and planted the flag of "jpnblic upon its bloody battlements, thus making a fitting finale to one of the most glorious achievements of the war. The number of prisoners jurrenJeieC: was 5,, 0, the Federal .forces in action being 27,000. An immense quantity of quartermaster s, commissary and ordnance stores were also obtained, among which were 20 guns, 8,000 stands of small arms, and 100 army wagousj with herd* of horses aud mules. 347 " o H a H x; ; . ! / H 9 CO fc M p H J ! PH a o -A P? w M of H B O a o H S 02 a H a c a e P EC a ,548 03 H O i i 2! H v =; S ^ 2 = c 5 3 >. MSS 8 - -_, S- . S- 5. F , O r ! =f :* _ r- b"- liin 1 . /? (i s lliiilll 351 NIGHT BURIAL OF COLONEL GARESCHE. CHIEF OF STAFF TO MAJOR GENERAL ROSECRANS, ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF STONE RIVER, TENN. We publish a most striking sketch, the temporary burying of one of the fallen Federal heroes, Colonel Gareschc, chief of staff who was killed by the side of the general at the battle of Stone River. Our artist thus describes this most emphatic scene, winch in istic so closelv resembles the burial of Sir John Moore : " In a small graveyard on the top of a ridge near the railroad tracK ti Garesche rested for a time, while the fate of the battle was yet undecided. What a contrast does the inhuming of this gallant n i so many consider as the pomp and circumstance of glorious war! No procession of plumed officers, n* rolling of muffled diums, i rattling musketry, none of the rites and ceremonies of religion. Alas! the living comrades of the dead hero are too terribly in c Lm the even turn aside to give a farewell glance at their departed friend. The fate of battle, possibly of the republic, hangs upon the . an aim t c glance of an eye. To-day is for action-to-morrow, for regret. Let the dead bury the dead is the silent, impulse of even his f ILI in no the sullen roar of cannon still proclaims the deadly conflict, and General Ilosecrans and the friends of Garesche have their and dare not look back on the solemn group behind them. There stand some orderlies around the body of the fallen colonel. xiy esc rough and battle-scarred veterans perform their labor of love and sorrow. Their eyes, which gazed unblenched on the death-foam :ig CM with tears, and not a word is spoken. There is no coffin, no shroud, no pall-it will be truly ashes to ashes and dust o dust. ,^ v "ther beside it is the disfigured and headless corpse. Ah! there is a pause. A thought has come to one of them ^ro. , ,] I dim Ian- green cedar branches ; OV.M- the poor clay they carefully lay these protecting boughs ; and then, beneath tbe light of ce r u, the earth is gently laid over the gallant Garesche." 352 GENERAL ALBERT J. MYER. General Myer, born in Newbnve. tf. Y., September 20th, 1827, died in Buffalo. N. Y.. August 24th, 1880, was graduated at Hobart College :n 1847, and at Buffalo Medical College in 1851. In September, 1854, he entered the United States Army as assistant surgeon, and was aligned Texas. While so engaged he devised a system of army signals with flags and torches for day and night, by means of which messages ent i fully and accurately" as with the electric telegraph, though less rapidly. In 1858- 60 he held command of the Signal Corps and engs ? ert in perfecting his system. He was commissioned major in 1860, and made chief signal officer of the United States Army. At the beginning War he was ordered to Washington and assigned to duty in the Army of the Potomac. Throughout the Peninsular campaign he served as eft signal officer to General McClellan, participating in all the battles from Bull Run to Antietam. He then returned to Washington, where he took charge of the United States Signal Office on March 3d, 1863, with the rank of colonel. In December he was relieved of his oimjimii.l by the Secretary c War on the ground that his appointment had not been confirmed, and his appointment of chief signal officer w.i. revoked July 21st, 1 brevetted brigadier general March 13th, 1865. He was reappointed colonel and chief signal officer July 28th, 1 Ob. 353 K- ,,, I 354 w H >n H O a W s3 o O O a d y, b 55 p H Si O H c w w w C cl Q H C % O O o o t. 5S e . o 5g 2 <o\ O C to 3 <D 111 O *^ CO ~* Q) r"j 2 to S S F 3 c 2 a o c <n ce s ffi 1 Pis K^ " "^ i i - QJ cc "c g P- s W * c ^- .2 - 2-= K C H <! K c "" r c c be o ce 5 P5 g j|- W ^ ^o p^ >i _ ^ * bo" K H H GO - P O g , " -j . ^ a Cj tiC ^ >! C O >> < -fl -" <" O S3 5= rrr O) ^3 . g =P! CJ CJ TO rr- ^ HH DO ., TS W -3 ! o p. o p C o w 43 C " - c c o Ml j^ .S -2 .2 !- s o > - * Bi , ^s ; O "O N ^5 -^j *j 2 * t. c ^i -2 600 _ *^j O Q) O C Q CO 639 O -O 3s 357 REAR ADMIRAL JAMES ALDEN. 1828 K uu] tn l w A K1 p I i; b r " " l>0rt i la !r ^ e ,Y Ma \ 31 . 8t 1810- died in San Francisco, Cal., February 6th, 1877. He was appointed midshipman in accompanied theU.lkes Exploring Expedition around the world in 1838- 42. lie was commissioned lieutenant in 1841, and wa ^f So At tli; m t i" P~ !lt ^he capture of Vera Cruz, Tuspan and Tabasco. In 1855- 56 he was actively engaged in the Indian e outbreak of the Civil War he was in command of the steamer South Carolina, re-enforced Fort Pickens, Fla., and was X ^ nf, , HC m 7< le j the ?JP of war Ru^ond at the passage of Forts Jackson and St. Philip ami the captuS Mo il B, \u< mf in L T ?, i. I 1 " 18 ?" , H T T S made ca P tuin in 1863 and commanded the Brooklyn, participating in the capture ten, , 1 . Iu-e H nd C,r T ^T\ ^^ , l \ Q " onod commodore in 1866, and two yea?s later was placed in charge of In 1869 he was appointed chief of the bureau of navigation and detail in the Navy Department. He was leai admiral in 1871 am) assigned command of the European Squadron. GENERAL J. H. HOBART WARD. General Ward, born in New York city, June 17th, 1823, was educated *t I rimtv Collegiate School ; enlisted at the age of eighteen in the Seventh Hates Infantry, and in four yaars rose through the several grades to that of seriieant major. In the Mexican War he participated in the siege of Fort Brown, received wounds at Monterey, and was at the capt ure of \era Cruz. At the beginning of the Civil War he recruited the I iiirty. eighth New York Volunteers, was appointed colonel of the regiment and led it at Bull Run and in all the battles of Peninsular campaign, and Mibseanentlv at the second Bull Hun and Chantillv. Being promoted >ngH,her general of volunteers, October 4th, 1862, he commanded a brigade in tliji I I , i ,] / .... n i i t GENERAL EDWIN V. SUMNER, General Sunnier, born in Boston Mass., January , 30th, 1797. died in Syracuse, N. Y., March 21st, 1863, was educated at Milton (Mass.) Academy, and entered the army in 1819 as second lieutenant of infantry. In 1838 lie was placed in command of the School of Cavalry Practice at Carlisle, I a. He was promoted major in 1846, and in the Mexican War led the cav alry charge at Cerro Gordo in April, 1847. In March, 1861, he was appointed brigadier general in the regular army and sent to relieve General Albert Sidney Johnston, in command of the Department of the Pacific, but was recalled in the following year to the command of the First Corps of the ~ f i ,,,, . , , m_ j ><j*, ji u a uugauu reoaueu in uie lonowing year 10 me command or tne i lisc corps oi tne I, :,, Frederioksbnrg, Ohancellorsville, Gettysburg, the Army of the Potomac. He served with gallantry at the siege of York town Spottoylvania. On the third day at Gettysburg, where he and Fair Oaks. In the Seven Days Battles he was wounded twice. In \\ Jlo \\ out n Icil . ;m u.lan uf K ,,1 ,. ., T? i . .. i TI* TI i . . J . , J V til II U \\l\\ ill I UM I \ SUU I y , WIH 1C lit) was wounded, as also at Kelly s Ford and Wapping Heights; he was in t-Mnporary command of the division. He was wounded at Spottsylvania, iiul was frequently commended for courage and capacity in official reporU. 1862 he was appointed major general of volunteers, led the Second Corps at the battle of Antietarn, where he was wounded, and commanded one of the three grand divisions of Burnside s army at Fredericksburg. RUSH S LANCERS GUARDING THE ROADS, THE DAY AFTER THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM, TO PREVENT THE PASSAGE OF CIVILIANS SIEGE OF VICKSBURG GENERAL SHERMAN S FIGHT WITH HAND GRENADES, JUNE ISra, 1863. On the 13th of June occurred in the siege of Vicksburg a scene hitherto unparalleled in the Civil War. By two o clock in the morning General Sherman s corps had pushed up to the rifle pits, and to within twenty yards of one of the bastions. The Confederates threw lighted shells over the parapet on the Federal approach, and received in return twenty-three hand grenades, twenty of which exploded, driving the Confederates out. Cannon <d now become useless to either party, and as musketry was of no avail, thev had to resort to the old hand grenade. 356 - . . - .. - i , BATTLE OF CHANCELLORSVILLE, SUNDAY, MAY 80, 1863- Karly ou May 3d Stnart renewed the attack upon Hooker s force, with the battle cry, " Charge, and remember Jackson !" and the advance w was ma I 2EAL HOOKER REPULSING THE ATTACK OF THE ENEMY. jth such i0ipetuosity that in a short time he was in possession of the crest from which the Eleventn Corps had been driven the preceding day. No time was \v ordered upon the position held by Generals Berrj and French, both of whom were supported by the divisions of Williams and Whipple. After a severe Federals, who soon had to fall back to their seaoad and third lice of intrenchmezte. The Oocfederttep *o^owed close upon them, and made charge after VEL i>i:ri;Ys IIUTF. A roxFKi>Er.\TE POSITION ox THF. .TAJIKS EIVF.R, XEAU RICHMOND, VA. The prin. - : pal Confederate defense of Richmond was Fort Darling, a heavy work on a high bank called Drury s Bluff, eight miles below ftichinond. Here the river wa< closed with hcavv piling and vessels loaded with stone .sunk in the channel. The work was casemated and mounted with heavy It will be remembered that the Federal ironclads, the UulfHit and the Mmiitnr. were repulsed here during the progress of the Peninsular campaign. The Monitor was unable to elevate her guns suflieiently to reach the works, and the sides of the Cnlenii were not thick enough to resist the plunging diot from the fort, which struck its sides .t right angles. The .\nnijntiirk-. the only other vessel engaged in the assault, burst her single gun on the *econd discharge. TOWING THE WOUNDED FEDERAL SOLDIERS DOWN THE BAYOU ON A RAFT, ON THE NIGHT OF JANUARY HTH, 1863, AFTER THE BATTLE OF BAYOU TECHE, LA. General Banks had arranged to stop the depredations which the Confederate steamer J. A. Cotton had been tjng committing along the Bayou Teclie. He had advanced from Labadirville on January J 1 th with four gunboats, ten regiments of iiifantry and one of artillery, reaching Carney s Bridge, near Pattersonville, early on the 14th. Their progress here was stopped by si;ver-il eprLhworks, under whoso guns lay the ,7. A. Cotton. Early on the 15th Commander MeKean Buchanan opened fire from the CaJ/iuun, and was joined in it by the other gunbottta, while the troops were advancing on shore to engage the Confederate vessels and batteries from the rear. The troops were not long in subjecting their enemy to a fierce enfilading musketry and artillery fire from the woods; and such was its destructive effect that the /. A. Cotton had finally to retire toward an upper battery at Butte La Hose, on the Atcliafalaya. Early on the following morning the ,7. A. Cotton was seen floating down the bayou in a sheet of flame, having been set afire and abandoned by the Confederates. The troops, therefore, returned to Brastnar Oit-y, the Federal wounded having been meanwhile placed on a raft and towed down the river. 362 WATERHOUSE S BATTERY, SHERMAN S CORPS. BEFORE VICKSBURG. The interior view of Waterhouse s buttery, in Tattle s division, shows the guns in position anil the huts in which the men are crowded. These were built of canes tied together and covered with branches, the soldiers resorting to the style of dwellings of the Indians who dwelt there two uenturies ago. A STREET IN FREDERICKSBURG, VA., SHOWING THE RESULT OF THE BOMBARDMENT FEDERAL SOLDIERS GROUPED ABOUT. Our correspondent wrote : " Considering the terrible nature of the bombardment, it is wonderful that not a single inhabitant was killed by it, although many families refused to avail themselves of the opportunity to leave before the firing commenced. These found shelter in the cellars of the houses, and thus escaped. The rest of the building, in many cases, was so shattered as to be perfectly uninhabitable. A fine old mansion in Main Street presented a melancholy spectacle, no less than thirty round shot having gone right through it, leaving the appearance of so many portholes, lu the street the Federals bivouacked the night before the battle and the night after." B68< K o H X a H -K W c w M 3 H K g g .- .1 a s CO y ^ o a: P K W c h- >.\ I Jl :l C 1-- fr5 EE s c 2 . o-S tr >- fci^: M ^ - . O .= 2 oT^^ (-. P Htr S HGO 8. a S,? n> O y = EH PUKM 1-1= j i . / 5 d a? i E g K f -r- C Sl^Sft :> MiSft S2 ivl *-J V-JVV * ." , *v- - T-,. K- L --_ *1 o 2 = ^ M ^ 369 ;j 870 U- o p K f~*, H H o o s r 1 O s H ft) c O m I ; i tM ; *> v. ct <D 0) ,2 c bo s "5 o)S "" "* W bc_= O --> O ^! w -* C3 O 0> .2 e .= & trj = i o 9 ti- h 2 g-3 "Co*- 1 ;- ~ b c c T. ^ ct, c i i -r 2 C o = =- o - O O S X X K H j: H -r; C 5 lg": 2 - ?, ^ "3 -s - - I f- dT3 p s u S S 2 "5 ~*" "~ ^ r ^ .2 -r ^ ^ o ^ r^- o I | J i^ J?> = ,cc "o 2 5 r == ~ O ~ Q o ~ = j ^ -w O on > = 2^- " .2 ~ &," 5 ^ ^ -^ O M 1^^" O KM 00 r i r Cj / K K M S t> W *j ^ c e-y O HH CO ^ -s_ S := - 43 - O -2 _ . c SO "3 2 ~ ~ o s g = 83 " to 0> u M3 I I ^O 014-1 5 S s - o = *- ""^ " i C J^ " H i r o >^ en -5 r/,-2 ^ ^ C3 QJ O CO _S i o .- ~ .2 -r C3 -" " s a P = < J i.s Si - .5 M S o ^ !2 ^H oe.| - w -? rn c s o s , E.- 2 ^ S.r jllf siJi l^ioj *j *^3 ^ 2 -s = a- 5 > o ^ -0 - - M <t- c a- *-" 0) !0 - ^ - S rj QJ O _ Or^ 03 _H w; 4J *J *J fO ^ ^^ ^^ w 3 o .r o 43 &.O a- J7J GENERAL EDWARD R. S. CANP.Y. :ky in 1819, killed in Siskiyou County, Cal., April llth, 1873, was graduated from the United States Military >nd lieutenant and assigned to the Second Infantry. He served in the Florida and Mexican wars with distinction; was present at the siege f Vera Crux, at Cerro Gordo, Contreras and Churubusco. He received the brevets of major and lieutenant colonel for his Bervire- in this campaign, and was promoted to the full rank of captain in June, 1851. In May, 1801, he was made colonel of the Nineteenth Regi- General Canby, horn in Kentuck Academy in 1^ : > . : commissioned secom iiiand of the Military Division of West Mississippi, Indians, April llth, IS?:!. place that he held until some months after the close of the war. He was killed by tb* Modoo GENERAL KUFUS KING. General King, born in New York city, January 26th, 1814, died there, October 13th, 1876, was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1833, and appointed to the Engineer Corps, lie resigned from the army, September 30th, 183C, and became assistant engineer of the New York and Erie Railroad. From 1839 till 1843 he was adjutant general of the State of New York. He was then associate editor of the Albany Evening Journal, and of the Albany Advertiser from 1841 till 1845, when he removed to Wis consin, and was editor of the Milwaukee Sentinel until 1861. He was United States minister to Rome from March 22d till August 5th, 1861, but resigned, as he had offered his services in defense of the Union. He was made a brigadier general of volunteers, May 17th, 1861, and commanded a division at Fredericksburg, Groveton, Manassas, Yorktown and Fairfax, re maining i" the army until 1863, when he was reappointed minister to Rome, where he resided until 1867. GENERAL DANIEL TYLER. General Tyler, born in Brooklyn, Windham County, Conn., January 7th, 1797, died in New York city, November 30th, 1882, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1819. He served as a lieutenant of artillery, was adjutant of the School of Practice at Fortress Monroe, 1824 26 ; and while commanding the arsenal at Pikesville, Md., 1826- 27, translated " Manoeuvres of Artillery " from the French. In 1828 he was sent abroad to observe the French improvements in artillery. This he did at Metz and else where." In 1832 he was superintendent of the inspectors of arms furnished by contractors. Resigning in 1834, he became president of an iron and coal company. He was colonel of the First Connecticut Regiment in April, 1861 ; brigadier general of volunteers in March, 1862, and served in the Army of the Mississippi at the-sieg4_yf Corinth in June. Served as one of the commis sion to investigate Buell s Kentucky campaign, and afterward in command at Harper s Ferry, in Baltimore and in Delaware, lie withdrew from the 374 iruiy in April, 1804. THE OLD HARRISON MANSION, HARRISON S LANDING, VA., THE BIRTHPLACE OF PRESIDKNT WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, USED AS A HOSPITAL AND THE HEADQUARTERS OF THE SIGNAL CORPS. This old-fashioned residence was situated at Berkeley, on the banks of the James River, only a few hundred yards from the water. It was constructed of brick and surrounded by a grove of poplar and other trees. Here, on February 9th, 1773, William Henry Harrison, ninth President of the United States, was born, and for this it remained famous till it became of still higher historical interest by being selected as the paint d appui of (leneral McClellan s army, and the chief landing T>lace of all its stores. It was at ojice chosen for hospital purposes, and upon its roof the Signal Corps erected a tower for the survey of the surrounding country. RECRUITING IN PHILADELPHIA, PA., FOR THE BUCKTAIL PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT, AUGUST, 1862. This famous regiment suffered so much that recruiting became necessary. As it was a Pennsylvania pet regiment, Philadelphia was all alive with v he resounding music of the horns, calling upon all who had killed a buck in fair combat to accept an invitation to their supper of glory. Cm- artist has, however, told more with a few dashes of his pencil than we can in a column. The Bucktails were a splendid set of fellows, and deserved the reputation they achieved. The fight at Dranesville, the Valley of the Shenandoah and the battle of Cross Keys have been consecrated by 1fc " I ~ l - valor It will be remembered that when Colonel Sir Percy Wyndham of the First New Jersey Cavalry fell into an ambuscade the gallant I3uckiU> volunteered to his rescue, and were terribly cut up. 374 \ r ; ^ Jfeglj 1 -"" : te"%t&^ ^ A ;-,|f ;f|I| ^mrlr "v r ^w^ - .MSA:-* Mi.ii v 3^ uKUUll* n*. fr TSaiisMlK : JPV-- S AV B^M^ BATTLE OF CHAMPION HILLS, MAY IUTH, 1863 THE FORMIDABLE POSITION OF On the morning of the 16th of May, General A. P. Hovey s division, occupying the right of McClernand s corps, encountered the Confederate picket force which Pemberton had brought together at Champion Hills. Two batteries which hud been planted along a high ridge were doing considerable < hand-to-hand fight; but the arrival of fresh Confederate troops and the want of re-enforcements prevented their being held for any length of Another advance was then ordered, and while Pemberton s right was thus engaged Logan s division attacked his left, and succeeded in Hanking and ; .s so fierce that Stevenson s line became completely demoralized, yielded in turn, and by four o clock the Confederates were in full retreat toward the until dark, and resulted in tb" capture; of many prisoners and arms of all descriptions. The total loss iu killed and wounded on both sides approximrfu 1 KMBERTON CARRIED BY GENEBALS HOVEY, LOGAN AND CROCKEK, OF GRANT S ARMY. erais wunarew, ana remained unuer cover 01 tueir artillery tin joinei oy part or yuimoy s late division, commanded by General juarcellus M. Urocker.i t back in such manner as to completely isolate for awhile the whole of General Loring s brigade, which occupied the extreme Confederate right. The attack \ Sjv River. Just then the other division of McClernand s corps came upon the scene, and a pursuit was ordered by Generals Carr and Osterhaus. This lasted RE-ENFORCEMENTS FOR GRANT S ARMY LEAVING MEMPHIS, TENN. Our .-ketch shows the AUfr Jh /tn, a crack Western steamer, leaving Memphis with rc-enforccments, and with doctors, nurses, etc., for the wounded, e WHS in chanre of the Cincinnati branch of the United States Sanitary Commission, and commanded by Mr. R. B. Moore, of Cincinnati. She was i-ery fast, boat, having run up to Cincinnati from Memphis in X days, 23 hours i.nd 5 minutes. The scene depicted was one of constant occurrence, troops were pouring daily into Memphis from all parts. THE BANKS EXPEDITION SCENE ON THE LEVEE, BATON ROUGE, LA. CONTRABANDS UNLOADING MILITARY STORES FROM THE UNITED STATES TRANSPORT "NORTH STAR," OVER THE MISSISSIPPI STEAMER "IBERVILLE." The Iherville had quite a history in connection with the military operations on the Mississippi. She was taken possession of by the United States .iliorities on the surrender of New Orleans, and was engaged as a transport during the expedition. She several times ran the gantlet of Confed- <ut,e batteries and guerrillas. On one occasion she suotained a running fire from a buttery of six guns tor at least twenty minutes, while passing <^ ^\ juuldsonville, having four men killed and four wo....ded, one oi her engines disabled and h^r upper works riddled. c-. > %V k 1 _ / VIEW FROM THE INTERIOR OF FOET WALKER, HILTON HEAD, S. C., LOOKING INLAND, SHOWING THE DEFENSES FROM THE LAND SIDE. We have given so full a description of this fort that we have now merely to add that our view was taken inside the fortification, looking to th interior of Hilton Head Island. Fort Walker was nearly surrounded on its land side by the Federal camp, which had been strengthened by earthwork extending across the island. Camp Sherman was, therefore, protected by Scull s Creek on the west, Fort Welles (lately called Fort Walker) on the nortl the Atlantic on the east, and by this intrenchment on the south. ~ ~~ THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND WILDEE S MOUNTED INFANTRY PASSING A BLOCKHOUSE ON THE NASHVILLE AlO> CHATTANOOGA RAILROAD. appears consisted . , mounted by Colonel Wilder in order to enable him to cope with Morgan and other Confederate guerrillas. But the step cost the government nothing, his horses and accoutrements being all captured from the enemy. < 5 . K W S W o w fi H K C C I K H O B F-I w w o K K H tH C [z; rs o o> "X. o ~- *> p Si s - B " O *"* rr~i " K fe^ 5 pd > H CC H e B < H fe^ H V H O e ^ p K C C K O cc H O P^ O fe c ; -S -s: ^5^ C E g " Sf 03 tl C r ;^p ^ *" o CO fci~ r : T C J- S CO _^ O S H 03 W i B W H ^ 5,0 -> t, C3 0) s *^ o ~ I S* ^" - cf^- 5 -, o. I 31^3* ^ 0, p o CD .. C(q -* E: c ^ ^ ^ * Gt CD ^ S ^^3 S.JT O I - S O s,. jf " l-ir ^ a m n 5. s_^"- 3 ^~ Q ^. . ef 5 M CD P p -H <D CO ^ P ^ c_i " w P CO 3 o K co -; H i. o S o -? S ^ H ^ 1 a ^S 2 H o H Q ^ X ^r 1 : ;r co j ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ S- H ^ ^ O 2 ^ P , 2* " kl < ^s ^ ?2 o 1 CD CD g -" JO is? r g 3 -i t/3~ EH O-t p r-f e** = 3O) S3 00 a CD 01 , ,3-S v: 2.S 5 c H~j? g "3 4-J .^- QJ &S.S HI o B -2(1 s-s o rt- O GO - O B JT*rt- II 2. Wa g. _ OT s 2 - II ^ O o O O 3 3.5 g m /^ "-f ^* if 1 CD B B-8 " . B W c" P a j d v< . ,5 S- 8= fD O -< I 8 - .jj B S 8 P S .B B P PJ GENERAL WALTER Q. GHESHAM. General Waiter (). (In-sham, Secretary of State, horn near Lanesvillu, Harrison County. Ind.. March 17lli, 1833 ; died at Washington, D. ( ., May i8t.li, i>9o. He was c<liir;ite.1 in country schools, and spent one year in tlie State University of Bloomingion, Ind.. lint was not grailiiati>(]. Ho then studied l.iw in Corydon, Ind. ; was admitted to the liar in ltC>3. uiid became a successful lawyer. lie was elected to tin- Legislature in 1800, but resigned in August, I8(il, to become lieutenant colonel of the Thirty-eighth Indiana Ilegirnent. lie was promoted to colonel of tho Fifty-third Indiana in December, and on A lirist llth, 1803, after the fall of Yid;sbtirg, was made brigailier general of volunteers. IIo commanded tho Fourth Division of Blair s corps in the fight ing before Allan .;:, ;;n 1 received a severe wound that disabled him for a year and prevented him from seeing further service. On March 13th, 18G5, he was !, revetted niaj.ir general of volunteers f >r hi;; gallantry at Atlanta. General Gresham twice ran for Congress, and was defeated by Michael C. Kerr. He accepted President Grant s appointment as United States District Judge for Indiana in 1809, and during tho twelve years that he held that district jndge.ship ot one of his decisions was reversed. President Arthur called him from tho bench -to become a member of his cabinet in 1883, und since that time Mr. Gieshaui ]i;is been a conspicuous figure in national politic.-;. IIo took tho portfolio in President Arthur s cabinet left vacant by the death of Postmaster Gen- <T:I| Howe. [\-rhap-3 the most noticeable incident of his career as postmaster general was tho exclusion of tho Louisiana Lottery Company from tho use of the mail. Near tho do- ! of President Arthur s term, on tho death of Secretary Folger, Mr. Gresham was appointed Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. Gresham. however, longed for a r-iuru to tho bench, and i i tho dosing davs of the Arthur Administration he was appointed Circuit Judge to succeed Judge Drummotul f >: the Seventh Judicial District. This was a:i appointment for life, lie was a candidate for tho Republican nomination for President in 1884, and again in IrtSS. IIo received 111 votes on tho first ballot in tho convention in 1888. His voto rose to 123 on the third ballot, and then dwindled to 59 on the eighth and last. Ho refused, it is cuid, tho nomination by L .io People s Party in 1892. Judge Gresham announced his intention of voting for G rover Cleveland in the last Presidential campaign. In his letter, dated- October 27th, 1892, and addressed to Major H In ford Wilson, ho announced that he thought u Republican could vote for Mr. Cleveland without joining tho Democratic party. When Mr. Cleveland was elected ho offered him tho first place in tho cabinet, and ho be- ciirno Secretary of State. Mr. Cleveland and Mr. Greshain were old friends, having met in the White House in 1883. His course as Secretary of Stale ha.-; been in accord with tho policy of President Cleveland. Judge Gresham was married in 1858. His wife was a Kentuckiau. They had two children a son. O .to Gresham. and a daughter, now Mrs. Andrews. Judge Gresham s personal appearance was that of a handsome man. His bearing was soldierly and manly. Ho was broad and square-shouldered, with a figure that was athletic and symmetrical. His hair was thick and of a whitish gray, and he wore > combed back from his forehead. He was somewhat careless in his attire, and apparently paid very little attention to it, 38-1 GENERAL LAFAYETTE C. BAKER. General Baker, Chief of the United States Secret Service, born in Stafford, Genesee County, N. Y., October 13th, 1826, died in Philadelphia, Pa., July 2.1, 18G8. In 1848 he went to Few York and Philadelphia, and in 1853 to San Francisco, in each of these cities working as a mechanic. When the lawless element became dominant in San Francisco, in 1856, General Baker joined the Vigilance Committee and took an active part in the summary proceedings that restored order in the city. He went to New York on business in 1SC1, expecting to return at once, but the Civil War intervened, and he went to Washington and offered his services. At the suggestion of General Hiram Walbridge, of New York, he was introduced to General Scott, and as a result of the interview he started on foot for Richmond, where, in spite of arrest, imprisonment and several interviews with Jefferson Davis, while under suspension as a spy, he succeeded in collecting much information and returning to Washington after an absence of three weeks, but the first of a series of adventures involving high executive ability and a wonderful talent for tracing conspiracy and frustrating the designs of Con federate spies and agents. He was commissioned colonel, and subsequently brigadier general. His duties naturally made him enemies m influential quarters, and charges of a serious nature were several times preferred against him, but were never substantiated. When President Lincoln was assas sinated General Baker organized the pursuit of the murderer, and was {-. -esent at his capture and death. 885 l : ?; tit ! J I , SaG GENERAL JKRKMIAH M. RUSK General Rusk, born in Morgan County, Ohio, June 17th, 1830; died in 1894. He divided his time between farm work and the acquisition of a common-school education till lie attained his majority, and in 1853 removed to Wisconsin and engaged in agriculture in Yernon County, lie entered the National Army in 1862, was commissioned major of the Twenty-fifth Wisconsin Regiment, rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel, and served with (leneral \\illiam T. Sherman from the siege of Yicksbnrg till the close of the war. In 1865 he received the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers for meritorious services at the battle of Salkehatchie. Beginning with 1881, lie was elected (iovernor of Wisconsin for three successive terms. During the threatened Milwaukee riots in May, 1886. he did good service by his prompt action in ordering the militia to fire on the dangerous mobs when they attempted to destroy life and property. In 1889 President Harrison appointed General Rusk Secretary of Agriculture. GENERAL HENRY W. BENHAM. General Benham, born in Connecticut in 1817, died in New York June 1st, 1884, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1837, and assigned to the Corps of Engineers. Served in the Mexican War, 1847- 8, and was brevetted captain for gallant and meritorious services in the battle of Buena Vista. At the beginning of the Civil War, in 1801, Captain Benham entered upon active service ; was on General Morris s staff as engineer of the Department of the Ohio ; was brevetted colonel for gallantry at the battle of Carrick s Ford, July 13th, 1861 ; in August was made brigadier general of volunteers, and was engaged in the Virginia campaigns. In 1862 he was present at the capture of Fort Pulaski and .lames Island ; later in the year he superintended fortifications in Boston and Portsmouth harbors, and was in command of the Northern District of the Department of the South. He proved very efficient in throwing pon toon bridges across the Rappahannock, the Potomac and the James Rivers, and was in command of the Pontoon Department at Washington in 1864. In March, 1865, he was brevetted brigadier general and major general, United States Army, and major general, United States Volunteers, for gal lant services during the Rebellion. GENERAL OUVIER GROVER. General Grover, born in Bethel, Me., July 24th, 1829, died in Atlantic City, N. J., June 6th, 1885, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1850, entered the First Artillery, and served on frontier duty till 1853. He was promoted to first lieutenant March 3d. 1855, and cap tain of the Tenth Infantry on September 17th. 1858, serving at various Western stations. He became brigadier general of volunteers April 14th, 1862, and was transferred to the Army of the Potomac, with which he took part in many battles, serving with distinction at the battles of Williams- burg, Fair Oaks and Bull Run. Being transferred to the Department of the Gulf, he took command of a division of the Nineteenth Corps from December 30th, 1862, till July, 1864 ; was in command of the right wing of the army besieging Port Hudson, La., in May, 1863; and commanded n division in the. Slienandoah campaign from August to December, 1864. He was ^ouiMted at the battle of Cedar Creek, on October 19th, 186^. awd brevetted major general of volunteers on the same day for gallantry at Winchester and Fisher s Hill. On March 13th, 1865, he was brevetted brigadier general, United States Army, and major general. United States Army, lie was mustered out of the volunteer service August 24th, 1865. LIEUTENANT J. H. RAYMOND CAPTl RING THE CONFEDERATE FLAG FROM THE BURNING CONFEDERATE STEAMER "FANNY" ACTION OFF ELIZABETH CITY, N. C., FEBRUARY lira, 1862. BATTLE OF GRAND COTEAU, LA., NOVEMBER to, 1863-FURIOUS ATTACK ON THE SIXTIETH INDIANA, COLONEL OWEN- kept them e aMa y f ported bf ?hp 1 yi^ y i - a J )O r l ^ 8i \? ^.l tr ? n ? Under G Deral Green attacked in force but the Seventeenth Ohio Batter hold a bridge and sBl hi, on ? hty ^ l ! ird " th Six f th I ndia ?? J Batching the flank. A lull soon occurred, and the Sixtieth was sent fc mingled in strife that c no?Z,M S\ /? K * T^ ^ c- "-^ d d and at last> by Bllrbrid g e s order, advanced till friend and foe were s, came to its a ] ^ f e 1 b ck t he T Wnl^ ^ S^ b " t , fin f y the Sixtieth Indiana, with the Ninety-sixth Ohio and the Twenty-third Wisconsin, wh, surrounded the Six tv-spven ^ India ? P 1 l"^ / TO De Gnp S y< In this retro g rade movement the enemy s mounted Texan infant,. Confederates closed I aronnd th ^ ^ ? Bnrbridge in vain endeavored to save them with a section of the Seventeenth Ohio Buttery, but tin dred men, surrendered to IP euernv 8UBpend hl fire f r ^ f killing his OT n men and Lieutenant Colonel Bushier, with two bun. 301 BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA, GA., SEPTEMBER 19TH-W)1 Our sketch of this most important battle shows General Thomas and his staff anxiously looking for re-enforcements as his gallant troops, frc and from destruction. After skirmishing on Thursday and Friday, September 17th and 18th, General RoH criins on Satindjiy foimcd hi." 1 from their fed herland fnnn destruction. After skirmishing on Thursday and Friday, September 17th and ISth. General K OM cnins on Satunlay foinud his line, with <j Crittendon l corps, consisting of Palmer s and Van Clove s divisions, formed the centre, with part of McCook s on each side. The line generally followed tlil first attack, and in a few moments the whole division was forced back. Thomas then ordered his entire line to advance, and Longstreet was driven back \\ I with impetuosity on Crittenden, and after a fierce struggle routed him, and drove to the right, in similar disorder, Davis s division, of McCook s corps, Nl with Negley and Wood, from the right, rallying some of the routed centre, drove the enemy back. Before the deadly fire of this new line the Confederates <l Missionary Ridge, Van Cleve, Wood and Sheridan on the left, and Thomas more in the centre. The fight commenced on the extreme left, and the Oonfedf I took place. At last General Reynolds began to give way, and Wood was sent to his relief. As Davis moved to fill Wood s place the Confederates took th gathered up the other portion of the army in a strong line on Missionary Ridge, and prepared to resist the last Confederate attack, made with all the inspiri would tell whether the day s disaster must close in irreparable ruin or there was vet hope of repulsing the foe. It was (ini ial (irangi-r with two fresh brJiJ fell back, unmolested to liogsvilla. 18C3, BETWEEN GENERALS ROSECBANS AND BRAGG. orarv breastwork of logs and knapsacks, are repulsing the repeated assaults of thp overpowering Confederate forces and saving the whole Army of the Cuni- 1 "" .,-.., ^ i i TI "Vegley and Wood held the extreme right at Owen s Ford and Gordon s Mill. Between ten and eleven A. M. Cranston s brigade, of Brsnnan a division, met the it. melting under the blows of Thomas, when Polk and Hill threw their corps ng~a% - icU giip ( ~in"the Iine7 and exposing Thomas to a heavy flank attack. Hack then his victorious troops returned to meet the new enemy, and Thomas, ywhrre retired, and before sunset Roseerans s army held its old line. During the night Rosecrans feil back to a new line, resting Negley with his right on in the morning, attacked Negley with" all their strength, and Longstreet again rolled his veterans on Thomas, and again a bitterly contested fight and routing them, severed Bosecrans s line, leaving him. with Sheridan, Davis and Wilde:, cut off entirely from the mass of his army. Thomas 1 r, line advancing on t ,;e Lafayette Road. Every eye was strained ; a moment which thcv hud gained ; and thus aided, Tliouias repulsed the enemy, s, about ten in flank, ,, , . n of victory ; but his men stood firm, and a cloud of dust to the left soon showed r, line advancing on tj;e Lafayette RpfuL 3, which, fresh for battle, now rushed on the enemy and drove them from hil THE INVASION OF MARYLAND-GENERAL KILPATRICK lilvI ULSING THK CONFEDERATE STUART AT BOONSBOROUGH, JULY STII, 18(>:i. [ lie Civil War showed m ttii>l dismounted cavalry. On t attacked by Stuart, and both these line cavalry ing a large number of prisoners and wagons. any affairs quite confusing old ideas. We had colonels commanding fleets and marines serving ashore, mounted infantry the 8th of July. 1803, General Kilpatrick, who was endeavoring to cut, of! the Confederate trains from Gettysburg, was these fine cavalry officers fought with their men dismounted, Kilpatrick repulsing his antagonist and subsequently captur- GENERAL McPHERSON ENTERING CLINTON, MISS. I .. Facilitate the movements of the Federal armies near Chattanooga and divert the Confederate forces from hastening to the relief of Bragg fienend Md herson marched from Vicksburg on the 15th of October, 1803. On the 17th he^cair^ up with the^ enemy in a strong j>osituii ^>n ^ Canton Road, ten miles beyond Brownsville, the tall grass and corn to the enemy Sabbath stillness of the place as they and finally returned to Vicksburg after destroying Confederate mills atid factories, and alarming all the neighboring stations. 3M "icksbnrg on the 15th of October, 1803. On the 17th he came up with the enemy in a strong positmi o tin nisville, and after a short, sharp fight, routed thorn, the Federals charging gallantly over the bridge and .lirougl! y s line. The next day he entered Clinton, on the Vicksburg and Jackson Railroad. His gallant troops broke uhc marched in, and the Confederates scattered on nil sides in flight. General MoPherson then proceeded to Canton/ GALLANT CHARGE OF THE SIXTH MICHIGAN CAVALRY OVER THE ENEMY S BREASTWORKS, NEAR FALLING WATERS, Ml)., JULY 14-rn, 1803. The exploits of the Federal cavalry in Virginia,. Maryland and Pennsylvania in 18(>3 would fill a volume in themselves. Among the many gallant charges there are few more brilliant than that of the Sixth Michigan at Falling Waters, where they rode, without drawing rein, right over the" Confed erate breastworks, scattering all before them. The cavalry were not more than sixty at nio.st. but they charged up a steep hill in the face of a terrific fire; and though they lost in killed and wounded nearly two-thirds of their number, they captured almost the entire force of the eneinv, with three regimental battle flags. -* i E: 1-f DESPERATE HAND-TO-HAND COMBAT BETWEEN FEDERAL CAVALRY, COMMANDED BY GENERAL AVER1LL, AND STUART S CONFEDERATE TROOPS, AT KELLEY S FORD, ON THE RAPPAHANNOCK, VA., MARCH 17m, 1863. The first stand-up cavalry fight on a large scale took place at Kelley s Ford, on the Eappahannock, on St. Patrick s Day, 1863. To the Federal general Avenll and the daring Confederate general Fitzhugh Lee belong" the chief honors of this brilliant affair. Once across the river, a regular cavalry and artillery fight took place between General Averill s command and the Confederate forces under the command of Generals Stuart and Fitz hugh Lee; and for once during the war there was a fair cavalry fight. The forces opposed to each other were about equal in numbers and similarly appointed and equipped. The Confederates, made desperate by the advance of Federal troops across the Rappahannock and upon soil which they had sworn to defend with the last drop of their blood, disputed every rood of ground. Again and again they charged on the Federal lines, formed en echelon, and as often were they repulsed in the most gallant manner. When the Federals charged upon the enemy s lines it was done with such impetuosity that successful resistance was impossible. Sword in hand they dashed upon the foe, who, after attempting to stand up against the first charges, dog gedly retired before them. The object of the expedition having been tccomplished, General Averill retired to the left bank of the river without motofr tat ion from, the enemy. 39$ X W H cc W a w M B a: I-J c: H a w d 1 W CK O o w hj CO O M > W Q i i fe! O H a O O O H W K* H a H i i o O X o a o a w GO f W 1 S&v : li ; : II Qt^2 gQ % & X O -P 2/si 3. 2 H..S 3 -> ~ P S o> _ a oq & 2 cc = Pi _ M tD 2 ffl 2 o o -. a. to c ?i tt> _ hH ft. _ i> 2 ? -" ^ g: ,__ . C/q ^ i^- ^ CD -=0 2. w 2 - JO O S 3T 2 O V3 ^ . , r ^2.3 p jP 5 5 ^.TC S "^ a ,- 5 -^ o ft. a; - S" a ^1 -"..I * -M " i3 P S T3 O -"-> S r^ C5 r w C aa ^ rt ^ ^- -= O ^3 OT C SS o >, 01 - o o ,= 2 =0 m ~-- " o "^^ .^ *^ ~ ~ -" I .2 ? ~. """ S 2 2^ 2:2 - .; c >. x H HH H a si -H O a - s = "-- 2 c >. - o ~ ~ ^ ^ "^ O ; ; ^ "o ^g 5*^ a, -,:=- c c; 402 B fi 1: V 403 ; c, ;_ c p tj c C ** o> 5 C i-slls*:: SC " " - -.^ C =J O C - 3 O 2 ^ p= ^ ^ ^ -a: -_j - o o c L^ aT-g "-0 ~ o tbJC g ~ S rg 1-3 2 cr 3T .? 5 "s B S H ?} ^ f~ - ^ ~ W 3^^^2f M . H S 3 2. F ;.w:^ r ; 3 CL, f O H "> s i:.r -j p? M l&llsr^ I P _ ro oA = s g., p i; HJ __._ w? _ -5 O / . o i*_~- _^ - = ^ ~ ^~ o 2 = g c^. CD a CT t^ 3 _ - "1 Gn_ ^_ -. J3 >-i ~ - o 2 S r = 2 x " 5 = ^ ? ^ KKNKKAL THOMAS J. (STONKWALL) .1ACKSOM. General Jackson, born in Clarksburg. W. Va.. January 21st, 1824, died at Chancellorsville, Vu., May 10th, 18G3. was graduated from the United States Military Academy, in IS-l i. lie was ordered to Mexico, became u lieutenant in Magrnder s battery, and took part in General Scott s campaign from \ era Crux to the eiiy of Mexico. Ik- was twice brevetted for good conduct at Churubusco and Chapultepec. He resigned from tbe army in ]Sf>l, on Ins election as professor of philosophy and artillery tactics in Virginia Military Institute. A few days after the secession of Virginia lie took command <>f the troops that were collecting at Harper s Ferry, and when Virginia joined the Confederacy, a few weeks later, be was relieved by General Joseph ! .. J.. mi-ton, and then became commander of ;i brigade in Johnston s army, which rank lie held at the battle of Bull linn. For his conduct on that occasion he was made major general, and in November, ]8G1, was assigned to the command of the district that included the Sheiiandoah Val ley and the portion <>f Virginia northwest of it. In 1862 Jackson defeated Banks at Front Royal and Winchester, Fremont and McDowell at Cross Shields at I ort KVpublic. Fit/.john Porter at Gaines s Mill, Banks at Cedar Run and Pope" at the second Bull Run. He invested and captured Harper s Ferry with ] 3.(H)0 prisoners, and joined Lee at Autietam. lit- defeated Hooker at Chaiicullorsville, where he received his death wounds, acci dentally, at the hands of his own men. GENERAL JOHN H. MOKUAN. General Morgan, born in Huntsville, Ala., June 1st, 182G, died near Greeneville, Tenn., September 4th, 18G4. He served in the War with Mex ico as first lieutenant in a cavalry regiment. At the opening of the Civil War he entered the Confederate Army as captain of the Kent.icky Volun teers, and joined General Simon B. Buckner at the head of the Lexington Rifles. During the winter of 1862- 3 he commanded a cavalry force in i -neral Braxton Bragg s army, and greatly annoyed General Roseerans s outposts and communications. He soon began a series of raids in Ken tucky, which made it necessary to garrison every important town in the State. In 18G2 he was appointed major general. In 1803 he headed a bold and extensive raid into Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana, but was capt- tured and imprisoned in the Ohio Penitentiary. He escaped by digging his way out in November, 18G3, and then undertook a raid in Tennessee. While at a farmhouse near Greeneville, Tenn., he was surrounded by Fed eral troops under General Gillem, and in attempting to escape was killed. 406 GENEEAL K1CHAKD 8. EWELL. General Ewell, born in Georgetown, D. C., February 8th, 1817, died in Springfield, Tenn., January 25th, 1872, was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1840; served in the Mexican War, and was promoted captain, August 4th, 1849. When the Civil War began he re signed his commission, entered the Confederate Army, and was actively engaged throughout the war. lie was promoted to the rank of major general, and fought at Black burn s Ford, July 18th, and at Bull Run, July 21st, 1861. In the following year he distinguished himself under General Jackson. He lost a leg at Warrenton Turnpike, on August 28th, 1862. When Jackson was fatally wounded ut Chancellorsville, Ewell, at the former s request, was promoted to lieutenant general and assigned to the command of the Second Corps. At the head of Jackson s veterans he fought valiantly at Winchester, at Gettysburg, and at the Wilderness on the Con federate left. He was captured, with his entire force, by Sheridan, at Sailor s Creek, April 6th, 1866. After the war he retired to private Jife. BANKS S EXPEDITION BURNING OP THE STATE CAPITOL OP LOUISIANA, BATON ROUGE, TUESDAY NIGHT, DECEMBER 30m, 18CS ^ 1 . / THE WAE IN TENNESSEE FEDERAL PICKETS APPROACHED BY CONFEDERATES IN CEDAR BUSHES NEAR CHATTANOOGA. pur sketch shows the Confederate device for shooting down the Federal pickets. We have here not a whole wood marching, but single trees moi dusky twilight, continuously and stealthily, that their onward movement may be taken for the mere swaying of the trees in the wind. Bu lie pickets; in the third year of the war were keen of eye and quick of ear, and the hand on the trigger tells that some will fall ip their cedar coffir 3 with no other cerements of the grive and tnolder away amid the crags and woods of that wild territory. \ THE WAR IN TENNESSEE-HOOKER S BATTLE ABOVE THE CLOUDS, AND C The wild mountains of Tennessee, where nuture revels in producing the most fantastic forms, ami piling rocks upon rocl 3, forms one of the n combatants, the flash and the ro:ir of the guns appearing to the spectators in the plain below like the lightning an, I the thunder of heaven. J5y eia Vtnt-nV.isi D.-.4. l._, f* t * . 1 j 1 1 , . * . . . * * hatchie. l?nt here, filing his troops to the left, General IIook.T began the difficult task formed the front. ^vith (in-ciic s brigade of .New York troops on the right. General Hooker then formed ;; second line of the two brigades of the F< of the ascent of the mountain. The, head of the column, h; aid any part of the line which might need it. Thus arranged, the corps was ordered forward, with a heavy line of skirmishers thrown hend the situation Colonel Ireland s skirmishers had penetrated far toward the point of the mountain, and got in :i heavy lire upoi the Confederates on Lookout Moi itain opened a heavy lire upon each other, and soon the wh out, and mar got in a heavy lire upon the eremy. .* mountain was hid from view in Chattanooga b behind jutting rocks and from trees. Holding Ireland s right well against the palisades, Geary threw Kennedy forward on the left, and he, after bein mountain, at Craven s House. General Geary swung around until his line was parallel with that of the enemy, and again advanced, but being u at by < they lacked numbers to man them, having lost severely. They \fere compelled to expose their right flank. Hooker then sent the Eighty-fourth and centre. ^eai j luri.eu thuir left, as Osturhaub did the enem/a rikht, aii.l theu, with one charge of the whole liue, ilooker carried the position. OP THE CONFEDERATE POSITION ON LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN, NOVEMBER 24rH, 1863. rid free on the land, have been the scene of one of the mos-t extraordinary battles in history; a battle fougTit r/ith the mists ana clouds rolling beneath the * "" J-uesday, November 24th, Hooker s column was moving up Lookout Valley, and, to the" surprise of the enemy, disappeared in the woo 1 ? south of Wan- shed the palisades, went into line _f battle facing to the north, and with the rig lit resting against the palisades stretched down the mountain. Geary s division ich had been sent him, placing Whittak^- on the right and Grose on the left. General Osterhans formed a third line, and held himself in readiness to the slope of the .idge, soon came upon the rear of the enemy, who were taken completely by surprise. Before those at the foot of the hill could compre- to escape up the hill, while the Federals assaulted them from above. At the same time the Federal batteries on Moccasin Point and those of smoke which rose above and around it. The enemy made but little organized resistance, yet their skirmishers for a long time kept up a heavy fire from irced by Grose, the enemy on the point of the mountain gradually gave way and fell back in some disorder to the line of breastworks on the east slope of the R? 1 !, TIT le fPl1 re8istance > for a time recoiled. The enemy were now in strong position, Craven s House being the centre of a line of heavy breastworks; but iftn Illinois to hold the road across the mountain, and advanced on the enemy, with Geary on the right, Osterbaus on the left, Whittaker and Grose in the THE \VAlv IN LoflSlAXA T1IK AliMl OF (iKNKltAL BANKS CKOSSING VEEJriLION BAYOU, OCTOBEK !()TH, 18C3. Our artist presents a view of the I Ydeml arniy under General linnks crossing Vermilion Bavou on October lOtli, 18C3. He reached it on the 9th, shelled the shores, and meeting no response, ordered his engineers to lay the pontoon bridges, on which the forces crossed, as shown in our engraving. THE WAR IX rilSSISSIPPI GENERAL MrPHEKHON S ARMY CROSSING THE BIG BLACK AT MESSENGER S FERRY, THl RSDAY, OC3TOBER 15TH, 18(33. nfedenites bognn to concentrate nil their available forces before Rosncrans at Chattanooga n diversion was made by General JfcPlierson, a an expedition into Mississippi as far as Canton, and compelled them to sacrifice much or change their plans. The alarm caused was beneficial. Plierson, whom the Confederates learned to respect at Vicksbnrg, moved rapidly and struck severely. Our sketch represents the army cross ing by bridge und ford the Big Black, at a place o led Messenger s .Ferry, ou Thursday, Oetobw 15th. 41o . ^ W - Wl, . /*$ ^ : ; ^4 f ^ THE INVASION OF PENNSYLVANIA WOKK1NG ON THE FOKTIFICATIONS NEAli HAKK1SBUKG, PA., JUNE IOTH, 1863. Our artist gives a view of the citizens of Hamsbui-g laboring on the fortifications of that city, showing the tardy but ineffective preparations insnle. Meanwhile the New York regiments, all accustomed to military drill and evolution, some already tried by actual service, were hurrying to the scene of action ; and oil these men, till the War Department could assign regulars or volunteers, depended the safety of Pennsylvania. THE WAK IN GEORGIA STEVENSON, ALA., DEPOT FOR GENERAL KOSECRANS S ARMY. The campaign of General Rosecrans brought him to a district where it was not easy to remember the State in which places were. Chattanooga, the obj3ct of the struggle, was in Tennessee; but the battle of Chickamauga was fought in Georgia, and Rosecrans s depot of supplies was in Alabama As a man may actually stand in three States, we may credit the assertion that from Lookout Mountain your eye can discern seven of the sovereignties of the New World. In the railroad line from Memphis, which at Cleveland branches to Lyuchburg, Raleigh, "Charleston, Savannah and Montgomery, Stevenson is an -mportant point, as there a railroad from Nashville cou.es in. 41! jtlj,,,,,,,, feT^w^ae" ? 412 s ce X h- o: - & < PS C K ^ <, K W P B K PC a c s Hi i c P3 GO EH 5 PS w M M W o a M O cc a H 2! 00 g as s H w O d a w HH t> ; Y* . i 1 1 ;. 41S II . . ^" i Tf- su ), m * < "tp^b^^ ^ii^ B >.*-" <C ^= J j= ^ -5 2 .a - S 60O.S ?.5 ,. -| - C o! Z o a,~ O &-: d-S-^S a>^ O r 3 . i ^G a; .~ aj JJ s : i o "5 "3 -^ <u 3 v liiiiiij 2 2 5 " 5 o ~ i-3 ** = n S /i-i p g C^tl = * C " ^ ^^^ r* -* SO O 5 ** .G -/r " * = ~ tj i"i ^ ^. -=. bf. ^ S c -^ E- 1 s ^ > -^"-^ S J2 _ . c ^ : c .: > * f_l r C3CC: -ti a> > K CO . * _ SJ ~ i."~ ^ I O O a fcn >-H r ^^ ,_ ^_ Q^ C J p- ~ WJ *Zj O r Q COQ = n ~ <u S -e j=^ & CZ -t-j " ^ ^ "c ^j * .S ^ . W "5-Jo=^c 33 oT= c._S~ r ^ S = o r- E S *ir iv & ^ ) -- 5 >-5 c K M\I N O ^o-^sS ^ 1^ ^-bc=g.^ii iz; cc-S 5 g g " =. c b o =1 * ^ W "^.^2^-5 = ,; O2 >, - c T; -T-r ^ c-S^C-jo^J ^ * -^ c ^ . S _s "S "~ .**" - bc - ^ g _o c i-~ .= c 2 I || 5 <; | - M I-* C^ ? F^ ^*~^ QJ -~" r ^ ^ 5 -^ .Jj-gS w iilli 2 ^! x -fS^.-^ rt ^ * *"" .1 O cS ^ iZ C w a> a o -3 _M i. e r- -t_> . . . ot - "S o " - " o 5" m k c3^= w S g.2 S m O ~ -^ - -DO 414 1 - GENERAL BENJAMIN H. GIUEESON. General Grierson was born in 1 ittsburg, 1 u., July 8th, 1820. At an early age he removed to Trumbull County, 0., and was subsequently engaged in the produce business at Jacksonville, 111. At the beginning of the Civil War he became aid-de-camp to General Prentiss ; was made major of the Sixth Illinois Cavalry, in August, 1801; became colonel. March 28th, 1862, and commander of a cavalry brigade in December. He was engaged in nearly all the cavalry skirmishes and raids in Western Tennessee and Northern Mississippi, and in April, 1863, made a successful cavalry raid from La Grange to Baton Kongo to facilitate General Grant s operations about Vicksburg. lie became a brigadier general of volunteers on .June 3d, major general, May 27th, 1865; colonel of the Tenth United States Cavalry, July 28th, 1866; and was brevetted brigadier and major general, United (States Army, March 2d, 1867, for his expedition of December, 1864, against the Mobile and Ohio Kailroad. 416 GENERAL BENJAMIN HARRISON. General Benjamin Harrison, twenty-third President of the United States, was born at North Bend, Ohio, August 20th, 1833 ; was graduated at Miami University in Ohio in 1852 ; studied law in Cincinnati, and in 1854 removed to Indianapolis, Ind., where he has since resided. He was elected Reporter of the State Supreme Court in I860, and in 1862 entered the army as a secoud lieutenant of Indiana Volunteers. After a short service he organized a company of the Seventieth Indiana Regiment, was commissioned colonel on the completion of the organization, and served through the war. receiving the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers on January 23d, 1805. He then returned to Indianapolis, and resumed his office of Supreme Court Reporter, to which he had been re-elected during his absence in 1864. In 1876 he was the Republican candidate for Governor of Indiana, but was defeated by a small plurality. President Hayes appointed him on the Mississippi River Commission in 1878, and in 1880 he was elected United States Senator, taking his seat on March 4th. 1881. He was Delegate at Large to the Republican National Convention in 1884. On June 19th, 1888, at Chicago, 111., and on the eighth and final ballot, he had received 544 votes to 118 for John Sherman, 100 for Russell A. Alger, 59 for Walter Q. (Jreslmm, 5 for James G. Blaine and 4 for William MeKinlev, as the candidate of that party for President. The nomination was made unanimous, and in November he was elected, receiving 233 votes in the Electoral College to 168 for Grover "Cleveland. He was duly inaugurated, March 4th, 1889. 417 "XV ^tl .W ii^iir m A -, a - H a ,3 o "* CO co O M ^ r? O o ^ S c 5 <! T W >. a - 02 - tm C w x w 1-1 s g 1 K k 0> 03 I rtib ft 1 B ESS. . i ^J.t-^ O D ~-~ 3 o- 11 P CD I w K ts H CD t" 1 C/3 o d H ffi 3 M.B 3 & 3 g-o 3 B P O (Tf- 5 2 tr B , W 5 s I d w so = -< 3 2-^ III p o o 3 rt- M, P CD O O P H M H >. M O !> O !z! hi H X OC H ^^ 3 p O CO <S 8 CO - CB B n> - 3 P 2" CD 2 3 CD B Is, If? g o W H W O W P O w H W H fe H > g o g f tn O ^ k. P H 6 " 3 Is o ^. I 1 P rc O CQ <^f H o 5 W E-= PH : - o f C s rt EH ~ ^ 8 O M 5 to o .S cc I <! C K K !z; O o PH C x^ " o [H ^1 cu w " s PS -r; O | c - SE bo .. -~ <c 111 I 3 1 (S C K . s > es 1 " 1 J= -C (C In; H C^ o 4 C -r --= B K j_ pj a. a) w K H ? s s fe c bo c a/ c >- - c: .=: :p- -" a) | wo * E: - =.*.. f> ~ 5= . 3" s< Km K * r - _ = - 5 T5 g C O 4*2 flif 5 S " a 16 p ^"* 3 GQ ,-^ p " ^- O 2S ffi <-T5 n M =3 o H E? P 8 x f o""^ Q = *, 5T H ? M M 5 a ? ^ w t> Q c^ M.S.5-^ ^ <-t ."3 a 2.2- M > 5 *C S q:^ ?< 2 - r Si CD =" ra CD ^ o 8 S s T - 5 3 . J 3 H a _ 3 W coll? <D CD ^ (D (X g - r=- s 3 g o 2 o "* "" S^ m Pig p 2 5 Sl CB rt- w 3^ P CD ^ p "^ 2. ! ^ * s3 x ^ O :* o W GO W H __ CD O ** $ _ ^cr H CD CD ^r hH o o S5 " W i*n rr^ . . ffl *^ + c+- O CD CO H f JO f M CD * - (H y s - S g 3 " i" ^ s i 3 S S- c i 3 S- Ur 5 o ^ & O S t-;> t * CD CD 3 CD CD ^D ^j "-* E 2 1^1 glffi 1 THE WAR IN VIRGINIA SHERIDAN S GREAT BATTLE WITH J. E 15 STUART iTV* " i ? ]mire > of the bilttlc of Y e""" Tavern, May Llth, 1SC4. where OeneralJ. E. I?. S f ,,,,rt. whoso fame I ge ra I onle ol Cnstc i I, n"; , J< : fe " 1 8C8 - , hc P 08 ^ 1011 Wlls !l 8t -g "" Hsi..p situated upon a hill, com.Man.lina oiir whole corps, an.l our pn, n , miti -md 1 ! T b ,V K MlC f"; Ca T f ; y the pOS1 , t10 "- Geneni1 Cll8ter V ] * ( " ] hiniself !lt tllu heil<1 of bit command, and with drawn Liu T "" " Wa8 WI " )1It exce P liu " the "" st Hl - char RC of the raid, and when it became known .imoni; wM , "" s - car RC o e ra, an wen t ecame nown .imoni; U.IOM, under General U.lson, was hotly engapod with Stuart. General Wilson sent word to General Sher.dan that the e,H - , i, m T" 1 tb V "-* l ""^e, charge,! the enemy and drove them nearly a mile. The day was now ours. The or .!. wiuiuiu being auuoyed by the enemy." In a desperate charge at the )..! of n column the Confederate general S> YELLOW TAVERN, MAY lira. 1864 -THE CONFEDERATE RAIDER S LAST FIGHT. r i by a successful raid around McCli-llan, fell mortally wounded. Our correspondent wrote: "We found the enemy very strongly intrenched behind fortifications ition depended on our driving them out. General Sheridan was equal to trie emergency. The enemy was already pursuing us closely in the rear. The ind deafening dicers charged directly in the face of a withering fire, captured two pieces of artillery, upward of one hundred prisoners, together with caissons, corps cheer after cheer rent the air. The Confederates retreated behind the Chickahominy, destroying in their Might Meadow Bridge. In the rear, Colonel were driving him slowly back. General Sheridan replied that he must hold the position at all hazards that he could and must whip the enemy. Colonel had disappeared from our front, and we succeeded in rebuilding the Meadow Bridge, and the First and Third Divisions crossed, covered bv the Second Division, t fell mortally wounded. tstatt* ^ x ^ * ^<3SSg*fjs h ^s^-sH " . gJSe^^^J!,,., tS C ^3 ^ >-> $> :.-,, "3 ia Q g OJ^eBETgSSaB-g B" s g 3 S -^ J= j= -u- S - r-i *a "" *" .S "" -ti = ~ ^ 17^.- H* C- i - J CS > t- C3O r i: i"vt -^"r 3 C oo 0>> V CD tH: rH*" +S5BO O- )\ HN ~ ^ ^ r^ =^ O -U r^ " -*-J .- O ^ 5 g^ * G3 e -2 - 1 1 v- > v i . :i i ; fa s j, .f 4, ^ : - - ^M^S^^^ -^"g g^ -S-g Q -E C S S c^ " 5CH*** oSO -*^ Uj -S O . X " to P5 CB II a -a o _ c .2 "" "o d, s S o = o z o > [o 2 CO s r o 21 O OJ EH M O o ? tn ^ r^ -*- 3 " I cc "3 5 tc "1 C c a 2*"^ e S c ? i 0^ 3 "-^ S o *" = 5 k g 3 3 03 PH o - I. ~-i c3 *3 g C * a 2 =. 3 S "^ ^ 0-grH m B SLre g 2032. S 3 5 B t 3 ^ 3 2 S- ft (6 O ^ O . 2 2, B ? cr <- s GO ET 5 fe! 0! <n o" 3 W s i H Q O* c"*" rT " A 55 ^"^ o> " O ^ "3 =, 5 d B 5 Crq S*3 5 - o B H SLO a w d 3.5 2. a g ? - H 1^ a a b a H o w o " * - OQ p -r o fc-* OT co : . ;n H o 2 K- W 3 M bd M r-b O ?" 2 O 2.=- i-o ET j 2 - tt ? S I" 00 JO 3 g"- O9 tt ^ <D -1 B S g 429 x - ^ ^SfwwCaJSBfejK :-.! a " 73 JC, N - ; p- - "=&- fflft ; i ; ! J nSt-- ! ,^ 430 O O 85 . re IS re c P-< ~ tr o u -. (~r P^ o~2. 12. t 5 O "3-aI 5 pr o ^ re 3 ss 5 s5 ^ C5 H-OS si p E.2 2 O 5 =|l 2 O r-- -* ^^ l-t re 3 o dig 03 > 3- w O S LS-^O "* i 1 ^J I 1 o Ho oo r! 431 43 CO I I a Q M O t O a 1-3 a CO O B H GO O O - Q cc Q W H a B (-1 B d 433 1 1 FINS OF CONFEDEEATE FOET ON THE SOUTHEAST SIDE OF ATLANTA, WITH CHEVAUX-DE-FRISE AND ABATIS IN FRONT. THE WAB IN VIRGINIA EXPLOSION OF A TORPEDO UNDER THE "COMMODORE BARNEf," ON JAMES RIVER, AUGUST 4, 1863. 434 THE CAMPAIGN ON THE JAMES HIVEB -GENERAL BUTLER LANDING AT FORT PAWHATAN. FARRAGUT S NAVAL VICTORY IN MOBILE HARBOR-THE "HARTFORD" ENGAGING THE CONFEDERATE RAM -TENNESSEE. 433 - \ , - -^Y * *- *r- ^--r ~y - :"- ,, ,-_-L3 \~^*^. 1 - ~ SV- " -"^ > BATTLE OF RESACA, GA., MAY l-lni, 1804 GEAR i r S SECOND BRIGADE CHARGING UP THE MOUNTAIN. v, T- - SHEEMAN S CAMPAIGN THE CAPTURE OF BUZZARD S ROOST AT HOVEY GAP, GA., MAY STH, 1864 43Q THE WAR IN VIRGINIA THE EIGHTEENTH AEMY CORPS STORMING A PORT ON THE RIGHT OF THE CONFEDERATE LINE BEFORE PETERSBURG, JUNE 15-ru, 18G4. THE WAR IN VIRGINIA-THE TWENTY-SECOND COLORED REGIMENT, DUNCAN S BRIGADE, CARRYING THE FIRST LINE OF CONFEDERATE WORKS BEFORE PETERSBURG. 437 , , SHEKMAN S CAMPAIGN IN GEORGIA THE BATTLE OF KESACA. SIEGE OF PETERSBURG THE COLOKED INJf AflTKk lUUNCil.NU IN CAPTUHEJ) GUNS AMID CHEERS OF THE OHIO TKOOPS, HI SHERMAN S SEVENTEENTH CORPS CROSSING THE SOUTH EDISTO RIVER, S. C., ON PONTOONS, AT BENNAKER S BRIDGE, FEBRUARY <JTH, 1865. THE CAMPAIGN IN GEORGIA-A BAGGAGE TRAIN CROSSING THE MOUNTAINS IN A STORM. 439 BOMBARDMENT OF PORT HUDSONE ASSAULT OF THE SECOND LOUISIANA COLORED REGIMENT 01 440- ..., ># DMIRAL FARRAGUT S FLEE BE CONFEDERATE WORKS AT PORT HUDSON, MAY 27TH, 1863. H K H PS C fj * s_ < ! w w o PH o a H H t) M I ft hH PS W W 02 K w o pa H B cfc 1 i PS w g K PS o b-H W PH H X W C . PH PH tt H X K K H fi: y. y. y, . o PH tr o PH. O 13 H P3 C KH -< & O W W cc F O Sal I O 2! a 12} o O i-3 I a H O W W (JO f q 3 3 W Q H a w w 9 fe! hrj EC d 02 I-H O 1-3 w ^ K H O K a: H O H g Q W H O as K as Q O >=) a O C H O to H 443 I l./.N OF THE HATTLK r IH .I.MONT. Ml)., FOfliHT N(tVKMHKIt "Til, 1SI11. MAP 1>F ItOANOKE IST^AN D AND CHOATAN AND BOANOKE SOUNDS. ^*w- r.c4S7 91 *^ n,;,.i. / r> f> I ,. 5 f) U MAP (IF TIIK SOT THRHN TOAST OF THE I NITED STATES FROM PENSAroliA TO NEW ORLEANS, SHOWING THE STRATEGIC I OSITION OF SHIP ISLAND, MISS. CHARIEWCN CAR - . \ liJM Mouse IMHU[N IH ^t N * 3, /niriiAii " / .> Ihnnl- fe./ uii/M/l (./ //;* 1 8CAII Of BIATUTl MILES / r: vt " ; =f=^ MAI OF THE UAKIIOR AND CITY OF CHARLESTON, S. O. MAP OF HILTON HEAD ISLAND, SHOWING THE TOPOGRAPHY. OFFICIAL MAPS AND PLANS OF BATTLES IN THE CIVIL WAR. FUENISHED BY C. A. DANA, OF THE WAE DEPARTMENT. 444 TEFSACOLA BAY- MAP OF TENSAC OLA BAY, FLA., SHOWING THE SITUATION OF THE U. S. NAVY YARD, FORT PICK.ENS, M KAE, WATER BATTERY AND FORT SAN CARLOS DE BARRANCAS. BATTLE Of 1 ITTSIiUKG LANDING PLAN SHOWING THE PdHITIONS OF THE FOKCES DU1UNG THE GltEAT AliTILLtliY FIGHT. BATTLE OF PITTSliUHG LANDING PLAN OF THE DEFENSE AT THE PEACH ORCHARD. LEFT WING. ,/// >/ 0J/I &U -<! . - FARM HOUSE USED AS A HOSPITAL fOR THE WOUNDED AT LITTLE BETHEL ^^^& MAP OF FOliT 1 ULASKI, GA. , ^TTH THE POSITIONS OF THE FEDE1SAL BATTERIES ON TYBEE ISLAND. FLAK OF THB BATTLE OP GREAT BETHEL, SHOWING THE POSITION OF THE MASKED BATTEBT OF THE CONFEDERATES AND THE POSITION OF THE FEDERAL TROOPS. SEAT OF WAS IN VIRGINIA, SHOWING THE OPERATIONS OF THE FFJ>KRAIi AND CONFEDERATE ABirEES. MAPS AND PLANS OF BATTLES IN THE CIVIL WAR. FURNISHED BY C. A. DANA, OF THE WAR DEPARTMENT. Ml - =xa.i . SIIKKIDAN S CAMPAIGN AN INCIDENT AT TIIK JJATTLE OF WIN CHESTEU- -A FAITHFUL DOCr WATCHING AND DEFENDING THE DEAD 13OD1 OF HIS CONFEDERATE mil - . ; .. & fct&e^.. ^ VCLUNTAKY DISPKKHION OF klKBY SMITH S CONFEDERATE ARMY AT SHKEVEl OKT, LA., MAY u:Ju, 18G*. 440 SHEKMAN S CAMPAIGN IN GEOKGIA FEDERAL FOECES AT JONESBOROUGH DESTROYING THE MACON RAILROAD. THE WAB IN GEORGIA WAOON TRAIN PASSING RESAOA AT NIGHT. 447 r/H WITH A I ll.i K <,! I.OOK1NU CLASS. i. ITTINO I OAltSE FUHAlil- INTO CHAFF. \VATi:K SKIN AM M H l. ol- I AllliVINO HINTS TO SOLDIERS IN THE CAMP AND ON OAMPAKiN AN INCIDENT OF THE BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS LIEUTENANT GENERAL GRANT AND MAJOR GENERAL MEADB IN CONSULTATION. 448 FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. CHAPTER I. EVENTS LEADING TO THE WAR GROWING ANTAGONISM OF THE NORTH AND SOUTH ELECTION OP BUCHANAN THE " DRED SCOTT CASE" DECISION SLAVERY CONSIDERED A NATIONAL INSTITUTION PLOTTING FOR DISUNION JOHN BROWN S KAID ELECTION OF LIN COLN FORMATION OF THE CONFEDERACY. ALTHOUGH the bombardment of Fort. Sumter by the Confederates at Charleston marked the real open ing of the Civil War and gave the signal for the beginning of active hostilities, the conflict between the two sections of the country had begun long before. For years previous to the firing of the first gun the North and South were arrayed against each other in a heated controversy on the question of slavery. Year after year the feeling between the two sections became more and more hostile, until at last a separation, or an attempted separation, seemed inevitable. Then, in 1856, the question of whether slavery was to be allowed to grow and extend itself beyond the limits set for it by the Missouri Compromise Law was in a measure given to the people to de cide through the Presidential election. A new party had arisen as a result of the anti-slavery sentiment in the North, and its platform declared against the exten sion of slavery. But the two branches of the Democratic party, one of them in favor of an anti-slavery policy and the other composed of friends and supporters of the slave system, were united against the new Republican party, and elected their candidate, James Buchanan. In addition to this victory the slave holders were aided by an important de cision on the rights of the slave, rendered by the Supreme Court just after the in auguration of President Buchanan. In this decision, which was in answer to an appeal to the court in the famous " Dred Scott case," it was declared that a person who had been a slave, or was the descend ant of a slave, had no right to citizenship. Then Chief Justice Taney went further, and in an extrajudicial opinion said that the framers of the Declaration of Inde pendence did not include the negro race when it proclaimed " all men are created equal " ; that the negroes had always been regarded as inferior beings, so much so that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect, and that it was not unlawful to reduce the negro to slavery for the benefit of the white man. Then the Chief Justice took up the Missouri Compromise Act, and declared that law and all other laws for the restriction of sla very unconstitutional, and that neither Con gress nor local legislatures had any author ity for restricting the spread of the institu tion all over the Union. This decision, fol lowing on the election of a President who was not opposed to the slave system, was taken by many people as a settlement of the controversy slavery was a national institution, and could exist in any part of the Union. But in the breasts of the lovers of freedom it stirred up indignation, and large numbers of the dominant party immedi ately enrolled themselves with the Repub licans. The Legislature of the State of New York denounced the decision that de scendants of slaves had no right to citizen- GENEKAL JOHN E. WOOL. ship, and determined to sustain the statute in that State s code of laws which declared the immediate freedom of slaves brought involuntarily within its borders. Ohio, Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Wis consin and Michigan also declared strongly in favor of the freedom of slaves within its borders. This movement on the part of the peo ple of the free-labor States is just what the politicians of the South expected and hoped for. They had long looked for a good pretext to cause the feeling between the two sections of the country to become bitter and strong enough to bring about a disunion, and they noted with pleasure the indignation of the slaveholders over the action of the Northern States. Everything in their power was done by these politi cians to feed this indignation. For a time after this nothing particular occurred to disturb the condition of the country. Then suddenly, in the year 1859, tne first blow at slavery was struck. John Brown, a na tive of Connecticut, with a handful of white followers and twelve slaves from Missouri, had secretly devised a plan for the freedom of the slaves. On the i6th of October Brown, with his little army, en tered the village of Harper s Ferry, at the junction of the Shenandoah and Potomac Rivers, and seized the government armory and the railroad bridge. On their way the invaders entered the house of Colo nel Washington, seized his arms and horses and liberated his slaves. The next morning Brown had full possession of the village and government buildings. His only purpose was a desire to free the slaves. He felt confident that if he made a stand for them they would all rise up in arms and flock to his standard, and he would at once be hailed as a great lib erator. But his hopes were soon dashed to pieces. The Virginia militia, aided by a detachment of United States ma rines under Colonel Robert E. Lee, soon dislodged him and made him prisoner, but not before he had made a brave de fense and lost two of his sons. Brown was immediately tried, found guilty of murder and treason, and sentenced to death. He was hanged at Charlestown, Va., December 3d, 1859. The suspicion that Brown was an em issary of the Abolitionists, and that the leaders of the Republican party were in league with him in his scheme to liberate the slaves, turned out to be unfounded after an investigation by a committee of the United States Senate. While John Brown s well-meaning ef fort at emancipation resulted in utter failure, as might have been expected, and had no immediate effect, it served to stir up the combatants on both sides of the question of slavery to such an extent that there was no rest until the matter was finally settled forever. It gained for the Republican party, whose platform was uni versal freedom, thousands of new follow ers, and thus helped to make possible the election of that party s candidate for Presi dent in 1860. VVlien the politicians of the South ;;aw in the rapidly growing anti-slavery senti ment the probable overthrow of the domi nation of the friends of the slave system in the National Government they immedi ately laid plans to break up the Union and establish a new and separate government, whose corner stone would be slavery. To do this they saw that they must find some 450 FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. stronger cause for a contest between the the army and the navy had been placed far pretext was found when President Lincoln, two sections than any that had heretofore beyond reach for immediate use. Most of on April 8th, telegraphed to Governor . __ TU . A.^^ .A^A K^- -Vi<=> cn<-rf>cc nf thp ve^pls in rommission were in distant Pickens that ho was cf>nr1inrr r^li/>f <-/-> P/~>i-f arisen. They decided that the success of the Republican candidate at the coming election would be of great help to them, as they could then at once raise the cry : " No sectional President ! No Northern domi nation ! Down with the Abolitionists!" This, they knew, would bring out a strong resentment among the people of the South, especially the slaveholding class, and pro duce a solid South in favor of breaking up the old republic. So they resolved to in- the vessels in commission were in distant seas, and many of the naval and army offi cers, being natives of Southern States, had deserted the flag and joined the Confed erates. This condition of affairs had been planned and arranged by the Secretaries of Navy and War under Buchanan, in the hopes of rendering powerless any design the new administration might have for pre venting the secession. At this time o-eneral attention was at- Pickens that he was sending relief to Fort Sumter. This message was communicated to L. Pope Walker, the Confederate Secre tary of War, who immediately sent word to General Beauregard, who was in command of the army in Charleston, to demand the evacuation of the fort, and if this was re fused to proceed in such manner as he might determine to reduce it. Early next morning the demand for the immediate surrender of Fort Sumter was made. An- sure the election of a Republican by so tracted to Fort Sumter, where Major An- derson saw that the supplies for his garri- hopelessly splitting the Democratic party that it would have no chance in the con test. In this determination they were em inently successful. The result was the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States. Immediately after this election South Carolina seceded from the Union by the holding of a State convention, at which it was resolved that "the union now subsist ing between South Carolina and other States, under the name of the United States of America, is hereby dissolved." The other slaveholding States followed in quick succession, and on Feb ruary 4th, 1 86 1, a convention of delegates from six of the seceded States was held at Montgomery, Ala., to frame, a constitution for the Confed eracy and to form a provisional government. Jefferson Davis was elected President and A. 1 1. Stephens, of Georgia, Vice President. These, briefly outlined, wen: some of the most important events th.it took place just "he- tore the inauguration of Pres ident Lincoln, and which made for the terrible struggle shook this country from end to the other. C lAlTKR II LINCOLN S INAUGURATION CONDITION OF T1IK GOVERNMENT IlKSoriiCKS I .OM- IIAKPMENT OF FoUT SrMTElt - TlIK EVACUATION GOVERNOR PICKKSS S Si KF.ru -TiiK PRESIDENT S CAI.I, run TKOOI MBrKNlNO OF GOVERNMENT UriLDiNns AT HARPER S FERRY THE Loss OF THE GOSPORT NAVY YARD. derson had recently transferred his small body of men from Fort Moultrie because of the threatening aspect of Charleston. The question now came up as to the re-en forcement and maintenance of this fort. The President, not wishing to precipitate a war, considered the matter carefully for some time. Once before, during the ad ministration of Buchanan, an attempt had been made to send supplies to Major An derson, but the Confederates, learning of the attempt from Secretary Thompson, prevented the entry into the harbor of the son were nearly exhausted, and accordingly replied : " I will evacuate the fort in five days if I do not receive controlling instruc tions from my government." But this would not satisfy the leaders in the move ment against the Union, as they well knew that fresh supplies were then on their way to the fort. So, in reply, Beauregard sent word early in the morning of April i2th that within one hour the batteries, which formed a semicircle around Sumter, would open upon the fort. Anderson calmly accepted this communi- Star of the West, containing the provisions cation and awaited the beginning of hos tilities. Promptly at the ap pointed time the first shot ushering in the ereat four LOADING A 15-INCH GUN IN THE TURRET OF AN ERICSSON IRONCLAD DURING THE ATTACK ON FORT SUMTER. WHILE preparations were being made in the South for the destruction of the Union the people of the North were preparing to preserve it. President Lincoln was inau gurated Chief Magistrate of the Republic at about the same time that Jefferson Da vis took his office as President of the Con federacy. In his inaugural address Mr. Lincoln said: "We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every and arms, by firing upon her from redoubts on Morris Island. After due deliberation, and notwithstand ing the result of this attempt, President the sun rose the little garrison was in a ter- years var for the Union was fired. It was a large bomb shell from a mortar on James Island, and exploded over the fort. It is said that the next shot, which struck the gran ite wall of the fort, was fired by an old Virginian by the name of Ruffin, who boasted of his deed all his life, and who shot himself in 1865 be cause, as he said, " I cannot survive the liberties of my country." Hundreds of shells ami balls followed these shots, and a fearful contest began. Anderson replied with all the power he could muster, but he soon saw that his guns could not seriously injure the batteries opposed to him, while the walls and parapets of Fort Sumter were soon shattered, its barbette guns dismounted, and its barracks set on fire. All day long and through the night the assault continued, and the next morning it was pushed with renewed energy. When Lincoln and his Cabinet decided that Fort Sumter must be maintained and re-en forced. For this purpose a squadron of eight vessels was sent from New York on the Qth of April. Only three of these ships reached Charleston harbor, and they could not enter at once because of a great storm that was then raging on the ocean in that region. It was while these vessels were rible condition. The provisions would not last much longer, almost all of the wooden structures in the fort were on fire, and the heat and smoke were so unbearable that the men were compelled to put wet cloths over their faces to breathe. The fierce bombardment continued until General Wig- fall, who said he represented Beauregard, arrived at the fort in a small boat and said battlefield and patriot grave to every living rolling about in the tempest that the Con- that Anderson s terms of evacuation would heart and hearthstone all over this broad federate batteries in Charleston attacked be acceded to. Then the gallant major land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, Fort Sumter. Major Anderson had been raised the white flag, which immediately when again touched, as surely they will be, compelled by his government to remain brought a deputation from Beauregard, by the better angels of our nature." To passive in his fort while preparations were who declared that Wigfall did not repre- the people of the slave-labor States he being made all around him for an attack sent their chief in any way. This decep- said : " I have no purpose, directly or indi- upon his position. He had orders to do tion angered Anderson, and he ordered the rectly, to interfere with the institution of nothing until he was fired upon. So while white flag torn down at once. But upon slavery in the States where it exists. I be- he saw the forts and batteries being rapidly the persuasion of the deputation the flag lieve I have no lawful right to do so, erected on all sides of Fort Sumter, he was was left standing until a conference could 1T1*1**i _ ^-* and I have no inclination to do so." Thus he tried to stem the tide that was rising against the Union. President Lincoln found the resources of powerless to stop the work with his guns. As soon as the strength of the Confed erate position in Charleston harbor was assured the leaders in the work of disunior _,, .. r . ._,. , the goverment in a deplorable condition, became eager for the fray, and sought a fenders of the fort were conveyed to the The treasury was nearly empty, and both pretext for the firing of the first gun. The steamship Baltic, that lay outside the bar, be held with Beauregard. This conference resulted in a satisfactory arrangement for the evacuation of Fort Sumter, and or Sunday, April Hth, 1861, the brave de- FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORK^)F THE CIVIL WAR. and in which they were taken to New York. In a speech delivered to the people of Charleston just after the evacuation Gov ernor Pickens said, among other things : " Thank God the war is open, and we will conquer or perish. We have humbled the llag of the United States. I can here say to you, it is the first time in the history of this country that the Stars and Stripes have been humbled. That proud flag was never lowered before to any nation on the earth. It has triumphed for seventy years. Hut today, the 131!! of April, it has been humbled, and humbled before the glorious little State of South Carolina." The next day, Sunday, the fall of Sumter was com memorated by sermons and songs in the churches of Charleston. Everyone spoke exultingly of the result of the conflict. The gallant defense of the fort by Major Anderson received due recognition in the throughout every free-labor State. Flags went up everywhere, even on the spires of churches and cathedrals, and women and children wore red, white and blue dresses and ornaments. Cannons were fired, and enthusiastic meetings, addressed by elo quent orators, were held in every part of the North. The calls of the different Governors for troops in response to the President s proclamation brought forth five or six times the number of volunteers called for, and soldiers were soon on their way to Washington to protect it from a threatened invasion. Immediately upon learning of President Lincoln s action the chief of the Southern Confederacy also issued a call for troops from the Southern States, and it was re ceived with the same enthusiasm as was manifested over the Northern call. It was at this time that Virginia, which had been wavering between the two sec- Another assault by the Virginia troops was directed against the navy yard at Gos- port, opposite Norfolk, on the Elizabeth River, and was more successful. It con tained about two thousand pieces of heavy cannon, a large amount of munitions of war, naval stores, etc., and in the waters around it were several war ships. The post was in charge of Commodore Charles S. McCauley, who, for fear they would be seized, had the vessels in the river scut tled and sunk. Just as this had been ac complished, Captain Paulding, who had re cently been appointed to McCauley s place, arrived on the scene, and ordered the fur ther destruction of all the public property at the navy yard. But when the Confed erates broke into the post they managed to save a vast number of heavy guns and some of the vessels. One of the latter, the Merrimac, they afterward converted into, a powerful ironclad. ^ t s A-^ fl \- A* sfif Ife, /tec JW5- >^WI%K> c 4 J^f, ^~^^^v^^^M&W^Kgi^^^=l^^ N V / , r " /v !. I? N v y*~ , . " l lC " "* " " " SCENE IN CAMP NEAE FALMOUTH, VA. ARMY BLACKSMITH SHOEING A REFRACTORY MULE. North. The loyal people of New York, Philadelphia and Taunton, Mass., showed their gratitude by substantial tokens, and the President of the United States at once commissioned the major a brigadier gen eral in the army. The roar of the cannon in Charleston harbor awoke the people of the North to a proper appreciation of the seriousness of the trouble that had come upon them. They forgot all minor differences and po litical animosities, and presented a solid front in their loyalty to the Union. The President, who at first hardly grasped the significance of the fact that several States, one after the other, had thrown off their allegiance to the republic and seized all the forts and arsenals within their borders, was aroused, and 01: the day after the evacuation of Sumter issued a proclama tion in which he called for 75,000 troops to protect the Union. A loud shout of approval and enthusiasm greeted this call tions, declared herself out of the Union. The people were summoned to arms, and preparations were at once made to capture the armory and arsenal of the United States at Harper s Ferry. Here were stored almost ninety thousand muskets. The com mander of this post, Lieutenant Roger Jones, had learned of the impending dan ger and was fully prepared for it. As soon as he heard that about two thousand Vir ginia militia were on their way to seize the post and were but a mile away, he set fire to all the government buildings by means of a train of gunpowder that he had care fully laid, and escaped with his little garri son of forty men across a railroad bridge into Maryland, and thence to Carlisle Bar racks in Pennsylvania. The Virginians were thus prevented from securing the large quantity of firearms they expected ; but they took possession of Harper s Ferry and made it an important point for future operations. This important post was recovered by the Federals early in May, the following year. CHAPTER III. PREPARATIONS FOB 8KIZING THE CAPITAL ANSWERING THE CALL FOB TROOPS THE SIXTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT ATTACKED BY A MOB CRITICAL CONDI TION OF WASHINGTON ASSASSINATION OP COLONEL ELLSWORTH BATTLE OF Bio BETHEL. SOON after the call for troops had been made on both sides the leaders of the Con federacy began active preparations for the capture of the national capital. Alexander H. Stephens started the cry, " On to Wash ington !" and it was taken up and resounded throughout the slave-labor States. Troops were rapidly marshaled into service in Vir ginia, and the newspapers of the South ur gently demanded the attack upon the city, One of the Richmond papers declared : " There never was half the unanimity among the people before, nor a tithe of the zeal upon any subject, that is now 452 FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. manifested to take Washington and drive sued on May 3d, calling for 64,000 more was made on batteries at Mathias Point, from it every Black Republican who is a volunteers for the army, and 18,000 for the and the flotilla was repulsed and Captain i 11 _ _ -1 T? tl .,-,.- i-/-\ <* c-ot-\rc rlnt-inrr th*= ixrar 11 Tnf \\/arrl wac kil1*=rl T^r\r manxr mr\nfrlic tY-iAoo dweller there. From the mountain tops navy, to and valleys to the shores of the sea there capital soon serve during the became a vast citadel, The it as is one wild shout of fierce resolve to capt ure Washington city, at all and every hu man hazard." The preparations for the seizure o: the capital were made in secret, and the peo ple of the North knew nothing of the con templated attack until the Confederates were almost ready to make it. But the call for troops had been issued, and a large body of armed men were soon on its way to protect the government and its rulers. Massachusetts was the first to answer the President s call by sending one of its regiments, the Sixth, Colonel Jones, to Washington. Pennsylvania immediately followed, and on account of its closer prox imity to Washington its regiment was the first to reach the capital. The Pennsyl- vanians met with a slight resistance on their arrival at Baltimore from a mob of Seces sionists, who wished to make their State a barrier across the pathway of the troop^ from the North and East ; but when the regiment from Massachusetts reached the city, and were marching from one railroad station to another, fully 10,000 persons had gath ered in the streets, and assailed the soldiers with mis siles of all kinds. A severe fight ensued, in which three of the troops w e r e killed and nine of their assailants. In- i e n s e excitement \\ as produced b y this tragedy, as it aas tile first shed ding of b 1 o o d . I pon the arrival of the soldiers in Washington they found that all com munication between that city and the North, by railroad and telegraph, was cut off through the orders of the Mayor and Chief of Police of Baltimore. The capital was in a crit ical condition, and intense anxiety was manifested throughout the free-labor States. For a time it seemed as if the city could not be saved. Then the " Union Defense Committee," a society of some; of the leading citizens of New York city, held a conference with the Governor of the State (Morgan) and General John E. Wool, commander of the Eastern Department of the army, which included the whole coun try east of the Mississippi River. At this conference a plan of action for the relief of the capital was formed and put into operation. Troops and supplies were im mediately sent forward, and in a short time the capital was put out of danger. Gen eral B. F. Butler, with a regiment of Mas sachusetts troops, opened communication with Washington by seizing the railroad between Annapolis and the capital and tak ing possession of the Relay House, nine miles from Baltimore. It was now clearly perceived that the number of militia called out by the Presi dent s proclamation would not be adequate to cope with the force arrayed against the Union, and another proclamation was is- was made the rendezvous for all troops raised eastward of the Alleghany Mount ains. Thousands of soldiers poured into the city and were quartered in all the pub lic buildings. When Virginia resolved to enter the Confederacy Colonel Robert E. Lee, who was then an engineer officer in the National Army, resigned his commission and went to Richmond, where he was cordially wel comed and given the supreme command of the Confederate forces. Lee s first step was to arrange for the erection of a battery of heavy guns on Arlington Heights, which commanded a good view of the city of Washington. But before this work could be started the National troops took pos session of Arlington Heights and Alex andria. Ellsworth s New York Fire Zou aves were among these troops, and crossed to Alexandria in two schooners. Another body was sent over the Long Bridge, and another the Aqueduct Bridge at George town. These latter troops, under General Irwin McDowell, erected the first redoubts KEMAINS OP A CONFEDERATE CAMP AT MANASSAS constructed by the National troops in the Civil War. They were built on the spot where Lee proposed to erect a Confederate battery. The Secessionists in Alexandria natu rally did not relish the capture of their city by the Federals, and one of them, the pro prietor of the Marshall House, showed his resentment by refusing to take clown the Confederate flag flying on his roof. See ing this, Colonel Ellsworth, with one or two of his zouaves, rushed up the stairs and pulled down the offending colors. As they descended with the flag in their hands the tavern keeper picked up a gun and shot Ward was killed. For many months these batteries defied the National vessels, and the Potomac was effectively blockaded. At this time, in June, 1861, the Confed erate Government, in order to be nearer Washington, left Montgomery and made their headquarters at Richmond. Upon his arrival in the latter city their Pres ident, Jefferson Davis, addressed a mul titude of people. He spoke some bitter words against the National Government, and after saying that there was "not one true son of the South who was not ready to shoulder his musket, to bleed, to die or to conquer in the cause of liberty here," he declared " We have now reached the point where, arguments being exhausted, it only remains for us to stand by our weapons. When the time and occasion serve, we shall smite the smiter with manly arms, as did our fathers before us and as becomes their sons. To the enemy we leave the base acts of the assassin and incendiary. To them we leave it to insult helpless women ; to us belongs vengeance upon man." The campaign in West Virginia opened briskly in May. A body of Confeder ates was badly routed at Philippi, and a little later they received an other blow at Rom- ney from an Indi ana zouave regi ment, led by Colo nel Lewis Wallace. This regiment, one of the best disci plined in the field, had for some time been doing nothing in Southern Indi ana, and upon Wal lace s solicitation they were ordered to Cumberland, to report to General Robert Patterson, who was on his way to attack General Joseph E. John ston, at Harper s Ferry. Wallace s regi ment covered the ground between Indi ana and Cumberland in three days. Then, resting a day, thev started out to attack o J J the Confederates at Romney. They reached the enemy s camp two days aft erward, and at once attacked it. The result was a complete rout, the Confed erates seeking shelter in the forests. These movements caused Johnston to leave Har per s Ferry and take up a position near Winchester. While all this was going on in West Vir ginia there were stirring events near For tress Monroe. The Confederates were the gallant young colonel dead, only to be planning to capture that post, and Colonel immediately killed himself by one of the J. B. zouaves. In the meantime Captain J. H. Ward had been sent to Hampton Roads, near Fortress Monroe, with a flotilla of armed vessels, to dislodge a Confederate battery on Sewells Point, at the mouth of the Elizabeth River. This was soon accom plished after a sharp engagement. Ward then sailed up the Potomac River, and at Aquia Creek, about sixty miles below Washington, he encountered some heavy batteries. A sharp fight took place, with no decisive result. A little later an attack Magruder was sent down the Vir- Peninsula with a considerable force for that purpose ; while General B. F. But ler, in command of the Department of Vir ginia and North Carolina, with headquar ters at Fortress Monroe, was taking meas ures to oppose him. A detachment of troops, commanded by General E. W. Pearce, and consisting of Duryee s Fifth Zouave New York Regiment and Town- send s Third, was sent out from near Hampton to Little Bethel, where it was arranged they were to be joined by detachments from Colonel Phelps s com- FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. 453 mand at Newport News, which was com posed of battalions of Massachusetts and Vermont troops, the Steuben Rifle Regi ment of New York, and a battery of two light field pieces in charge of Lieutenant John T. Greble, of the regular army. As these two columns approached each other in the dead of night they unfortu nately took one another for enemies and began firing. The mistake was soon dis covered, but not before several men had been killed. The combined columns then inarched on toward Bio- Bethel. The noise o of the firing had put the Confederates on their guard. There was a short but sharp day, July 4th, 1861. It was called to con sider and take immediate action upon means for the salvation of the republic. The con dition of the country demanded the prompt attention of its legislators. Civil war had begun in earnest. Both inside and outside the capital plans were being made to at tack it. General Beauregard, with a large force of Confederates, was preparing to march upon the city, and in the halls of Congress and in the President s house se cret emissaries were supposed to be prowl ing about, bent upon some deadly purpose. Several of the European governments were beginning to recognize the Southern moment that they can grant that applica tion and remain the friends of the United States. You may even assure them promptly, in that case, that if they deter mine to recognize they may at the same time prepare to enter into an alliance with the enemies of this republic. You alone will represent your country at London, and you will represent the whole of it there. When you are asked to divide that duty with others, diplomatic relations be tween the government of Great Britain ano this government will be suspended, and will remain so until it shall be seen which ol the two is most strongly intrenched in the (J THE SIEGE OF VICKSBURG GENERAL GRANT MEETING THE CONFEDERATE GENERAL PEMBERTON AT THE STONE HOUSE, INSIDE THE CONFEDERATE WORKS, ON THE MORNING OF JULY 4iH, 1863. engagement, and the Nationals were re pulsed. At this battle the first officer of the regular army to fall in the war was killed Lieutenant Greble. This defeat of the Federal troops greatly alarmed the people of the North. It caused great excitement for a time, but other and more important events soon occurred to attract the attention of the nation. CHAPTER IV. EXTRAORDINARY SESSION OF CONGRESS CONGRESS AU THORIZES THE RAISING OP TROOPS AND MONEY- WOMEN S WORK IN THE WAR DOROTHEA L. Dix s BENEVOLENCE CAPTURE OF RICH MOUNTAIN THE WAR IN WEST VIRGINIA THE " PETREL S " MISTAKE. AN extraordinary session of Congress assembled at the National capital on Tnurs- Confederacy, and were preparing to give it moral and material aid. Among these governments was Great Britain, and that country s open recognition of the inde pendence of the Confederacy was pre vented only by the high position taken by Secretary of State Seward, who, in his in structions to the new representative at the Court of St. James, Mr. Charles Francis Adams, said : "You will in no case listen to any suggestions of compromise by this government, under foreign auspices, with its discontented citizens. If, as the Presi dent does not at all apprehend, you shall unhappily find her majesty s government tolerating the applications of the so-called Confederate States or wavering about it, you will not leave them to suppose for a confidence of their respective nations and of mankind." It was a critical time in the history ol the republic, and the members of the Na tional Legislature responded promptly to the call for an extra session. There were representatives of twenty-three States in the Senate and 154 Members of the House in their seats on the first day of the ses sion, while ten slave-labor States were not represented. In his message to this Congress Presi dent Lincoln recommended that at least four hundred thousand men and four hun dred millions of dollars be placed at the control of the government, so as to make the contest in the preservation of the Union a short and decisive one. I he 454 FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. Secretary of War (Simon Cameron) rec ommended the enlistment of men for three years. The Secretary of the Treasury (Salmon P. Chase) asked $320,000,000 for war purposes and the current expenses of the government. He proposed to raise the money by an increase of taxes and the is sue of interest-bearing Treasury notes or bonds. These suggestions were all carried out. Congress at once authorized the raising of 500,000 troops, and made an appropriation of $500,000,000 to defray the expenses of the war. This prompt and energetic action on the part of Congress stirred up the people of ihe free-labor States, and enthusiasm was at fever heat. This enthusiasm was not manifested by the men of the country alone. The women, too, were aroused, and demonstrated their patriotism by attending the sick, wounded and dying in the hospitals, and preparing lint and bandages. Associations of women were formed for this benevolent work. Miss Dorothea L. Dix was the leader in this movement, and gave her services to the government gra tuitously, organizing at once a splendid system of providing comfort for the: sick and wounded s o 1 - diers. In accepting her service s Secretary of \\"ar Cameron issued this card: "lie- it known to all whom it may concern that the free services of Miss 1). L. Dix are accepted by the \Yar I )epartment, and that she will give, at all times, all necessary aid i n organi/ing military hospitals for the care of all the sick or wounded sol diers, aiding the chief surgeons by supply ing nurses and sub stantial means for the comfort and relief of the suffering ; also, that she is fully au thorized to receive, control ami disburse special supplies bestowed by individuals or associations for the comfort of their friends or the citizen soldiers from all parts of the United States." Without receiving any pecuniary reward this young woman labored day and night through out the war for the relief of suffering soldiers. " She went from battlefield to battlefield when the carnage was over," says a historian of the war ; " from camp to camp, and from hospital to hospi tal, superintending the operations of the nurses, and administering with her own hands physical comforts to the suffering, and soothing the troubled spirits of the invalid or dying soldier with a voice low, musical and attractive, and always bur dened with words of heartfelt sympathy and religious consolation Yet she was not the only Sister of Mercy engaged in this holy work. She had hundreds of devoted, earnest, self-sacrificing coworkers of the gentler sex all over the land, serv ing with equal zeal in the camps and hospi tals of the National and the Confederate armies, and no greater heroism was dis played by soldiers in the field than was exhibited by tnese American women every where." While the Confederate troops, under Beauregard, were gathered at Manassas, awaiting an opportunity to march upon the capital, detachments were sent out along the line of the Upper Potomac from Georgetown to Leesburg on foraging ex peditions. On June i ~th one of these de tachments came into contact with an Ohio regiment at Vienna. A sharp skirmish re sulted. The Confederates were defeated, but soon returned and captured Vienna and Falls Church, at which latter village many stirring scenes afterward occurred. In the early part of July General George B. McClellan, with io,coo men, started out from Grafton, Va., to make an attack upon Laurel Hill, near Beverly, where General R. S. Garnett, in command of the Confederate forces in Western Vir ginia, had his headquarters. At the same time he sent 4,000 men, under General T. A. Morris, toward the same point by way of Philippi. Then still another de tachment, under General Hill, proceeded Pegram soon got h. x ^ops togethet again, and being re-enforced, was about to attempt the recovery of Laurel Hill, when he heard of the approach of McClellan and disappeared in the night without waiting to be attacked. McClellan, however, caught up with him and compelled his surrender, with 600 followers. Being left unsup ported, Garnett also withdrew in the dark ness. He was pursued by General Morris and overtaken at Carricksford, on a branch of the. Cheat River. Here he made a stand and bravely defended himself, but it resulted in his death and the dispersion of his forces. During this time ex-Governor Wise, with a considerable body of Con federates, was defeated and driven on*" of his position in the Great Kanawha region of West Virginia by a force of Ohio troops under General J. D. Cox. These triumphs of the Federals prompted McClellan to say, in a dispatch to the War Department: " We have completely annihilated the en emy in West Virginia. Our loss is abouj 13 killed and not more than 40 wounded, while the enemy s loss is not far from 200 killed, and the num ber of prisoners we have taken will amount to at least 1,000. We have capt ured seven of the guns of in all." At the enemy ARMY COOKHOUSE THK LACY CONSTRUCTED MANSION, ON IN AN OLD CHIMNEY OF AN OUTHOUSE OF THE KAPI AHANNOCK, FALMOUTH, VA. to a point eastward of Philippi, to prevent the Confederates from joining Johnston at Winchester. Approaching Laurel Hill, McClellan learned that Colonel John Pegram, with a large body of Confeder ates, was strongly intrenched at Rich Mountain Gap, just in the rear of General Garnett s position. Wishing to dislodge this body before attacking Garnett, McClel lan sent off Colonel W. S. Rosecrans, with a number of Ohio and Indiana soldiers and a troop of cavalry, for that purpose. They climbed a circuitous and perilous route up to the top of a ridge of Rich Mountain, above Pegram s camp. Here the Confederates caught sight of them, and Pegram, with 900 men, armed with muskets and cannon, attacked them vigor ously. The battle was a hot one for some time, but Rosecrans at last succeeded in driving the enemy back and taking posses sion of its position. For his gallantry on this occasion Rosecrans was commissioned a brigadier general. Soon afterward, when McClellan was appointed to the command of the Army of the Potomac, Rosecrans succeed ;d him in Western Virginia. the time Con gress assembled on the 4th of July the Confederates had a good -sized navy of twenty armed vessels. The first of these ves sels bore the name Lady Davis. T h e y w ere all privateers fitted out to depre date upon the com merce of the United States. One: of them, the Petrel by name, made a costly error i n supposing t he United States sail ing frigate St. Law rence was a richly laden merchantman. The mistake was soon seen by the crew of the Petrel, when, eagerly making toward the frigate to seize it, they were met by a flash and a bang that sent their vessel to the bottom in a twinkling. CHAPTER V. BATTLE OF BULL RUN "STONEWALL" JACKSON THE WAR IN MISSOURI ENGAGEMENT AT CARTHAGE BATTLE OF WILSON S CREEK DEATH OF GENERAL LYON FREMONT S PLAN FOR REACHING NKW OR LEANS. ON the afternoon of July i6th, 1861, 50,000 of the troops that had been gath ered at Washington started out against the Confederate hosts intrenched at Ma nassas Junction. The time had come to make an attempt to drive back the army preparing to seize the city. The soldiers, under General Irwin McDowell, moved in five divisions, commanded by Brigadier Generals Daniel Tyler and Theodore Run- yon, and Colonels David Hunter, Samuel P. Heintzelman and Dixon S. Miles. Their opponents had strong positions along Bull Run, a tributary of the Occo- quan, from Union Mills to the stone bridge on the Warrenton Turnpike, a distance of about eight miles, with reserves near Ma- FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTOff. OF THE CIVIL WAR. 455 j.assas. They were also stationed at Cen- treville and Fairfax Courthouse, ten miles from the main army, in the direction of Washington. General McDowell first ordered Tyler to advance on Vienna, then took the re mainder of the army in four columns and along different roads toward the enemy s camp. He hoped by a series of feints to throw the Confederates off their guard and surprise them in their rear, so as to com pel the retreat of both Beauregard and fohnston from their strong positions near the seat of government. The columns met with but little opposition at first. They passed safely through Fairfax Courthouse, his plan for gaining the rear of the Coi. federates was impracticable. McDowell s troops were now massed at Centreville. After waiting a few days for needed supplies the army, at two o clock on the morning of July 2ist, moved from the village in three columns, to attack the left flank of the Confederates. General Tyler, with the brigades of Schenck and Sherman and the batteries of Ayres and Carlisle, started toward the stone bridge on the Warrenton Turnpike, in order to make a feigned attack near the bridge, so that the two columns of Hunter and Heint- zelman could cross Bull Run at Sudley Church and fall upon the Confederate left. The memorable battle of Bull Run then began by the firing of a shell by General Tyler into the ranks of the Confederates stationed near the stone bridge and com manded by Colonel Evans. Beauregard at once sent re-enforcements to Evans, and Johnston ordered an attack, led by General Ewell, upon McDowell s left wing at Blackburn s Ford. Colonel Evans soon saw that Tyler s attack was only a feint, and learning that a column was passing Bull Run at Sudley Church, he at once prepared to meet it. This column was Hunter s, composed of Rhode Island, Mas sachusetts and New Hampshire troops, with the batteries of Griffin and Ricketts, SOLDIEB8 GKAVEYABD, IN THE CAMP NEAR FALMOUTH, VA. and the Confederates at Centreville fled at their approach. This had been arranged by Beauregard in order to lead the Fed eral army into a perilous position. They walked into the trap in high spirits, think ing they were driving everyone before them. Suddenly they wen; brought to a stop at Blackburn s Ford, on Bull Run, by Gen eral James Longstreet, with a strong force of men and concealed batteries. General Tyler, with his detachment of Michigan, Massachusetts and New York troops, and Ayres s battery, made areconnoissance here, and a severe conflict was the result. The Nationals were defeated, and withdrew to Centreville. This satisfied McDowell that The Confederates, meanwhile, were mak ing active preparations for the coming bat tle. Johnston was ordered to hasten from Winchester and join the forces at Ma- nassas with the Army of the Shenandoah. He managed to elude Patterson, who was stationed at Martinsburg to prevent this very movement, and arrived at Manassas at noon of the 2Oth with 6,000 infantry, the balance of his army to follow a little later. Beauregard s force now outnum bered McDowell s by 4,000 men, and he was in a much better position. Upon his arrival, Johnston, being the senior in rank, assumed chief command of the Confeder ate troops. the whole led by Colonel Burnside. They soon appeared in the open field, and Evans, assisted by General Bee, who com manded the reserves, opened fire upon them. There was a terrible battle. After a time Evans s line began to waver, but new troops being advanced by General Bee, it recovered its losing strength, and Colonel Burnside was compelled to call for help. This came in the form of a battalion of regulars under Major Sykes. But even with this aid the Federals were fast becom ing exhausted. More re-enforcements, however, soon arrived, in charge of Col onel Andrew Porter, and these were fol lowed by Heintzelman s column and part THE WAI! IN TI.NNESSEE-CAPTURE OF MISSIONARY RIPO] 45 6 V.IK ROSSVILLE, BY GENERAL THOMAS, NOVEMBER 25, 1863. FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF Tft CIVIL WAR. of General Sherman s brigade, under Colo nel Corcoran. By a furious charge made just then by Colonel H. XV. Slocum s New York regi ment the Confederate line was broken, and the troops lied in confusion to a high plateau. Here their flight was checked by the appearance of General T. J. Jackson, who had arrived with reserves. Rushing up to Jackson, General Bee exclaimed : " They are beating us back !" " Well, sir," was the calm reply, " we will give them the bayonet !" Encouraged by this answer, Bee cried to the fugitives to halt, and shouted : " There stands General Jackson, like a stone wall !" It was thus that the calm officer became known as " Stone wall Jackson." troops took a position to the left of the batteries. Then a terrific struggle began. The Confederates poured such a murderous fire into the Federal ranks that the batteries were soon disabled. The slaughter on both sides was terrible. It would have been hard to say which army would be suc cessful, although the National troops seemed to be gaining slightly, when sud denly the balance of Johnston s Shenan- doah army, under General E. Kirby Smith, appeared on the scene, and the tide imme diately turned. With these and other fresh troops Beauregard in a few moments drove McDowell s army from the plateau and sent it hurrying back to the turnpike in great confusion. As the regiments in Booneville. There they made a stand. But being attacked and defeated by Lyon, they retreated toward the southwestern part of Missouri, and did not stop until they reached the Arkansas border, thus giving to the Union forces the important points of St. Louis, St. Joseph, Hannibal and Bird s Point on the Mississippi as bases of operations, with railroads and riv ers for transportation. Knowing that Gen eral Jackson was gathering a large force in Southwestern Missouri, Lyon remained about a fortnight at Booneville preparing o a vigorous campaign against him, This was at the beginning of July, when there were at least io,coo National troops in Missouri. At this time Colonel Franz Sigel was rapidly advancing on the Con- \ \ HOW THE DAUGHTERS OF MARYLAND RECEIVED THE SONS OF THE NORTH AS THEY MARCHED AGAINST THE CONFEDERATE INVADERS- SCENE ON THE MARCH. The National troops had gained posses- session of the Warrenton Turnpike, and they now turned their attention to driving the enemy from the plateau, to which Johnston and Beauregard had sent bodies of soldiers under Holmes, Early and Ew- ell, so that it held 10,000 men and 22 heavy guns. To capture this plateau five brigades, those of Porter, Howard, Frank lin, Wilcox and Sherman, were detailed to turn the Confederate left, while Keyes was sent to annoy them on the right. Colonel Heintzelman s division began the attack. They pressed forward, and succeeded in gaining a portion of the plateau. With the support of Ellsworth s Fire Zouaves batteries were planted upon an elevation commanding the whole plateau. This clone, New York, Massachusetts and Minnesota front broke and fled the others were seized with panic, and the retreat at once became a disorderly rout. Three thousand of the Federals were killed, wounded or taken prisoners, while the Confederates lost over 2,000. A great exultant shout arose throughout the South over the victory, while a deep gloom settled upon the North. The depression of the people of the loyal States, however, did not last long ; they arose quickly from despair to hope, and the gaps in the army were more than filled within a fortnight. While the battle at Bull Run was being planned and fought the war was making great progress in the West, especially in Missouri. General Price, who led the Confederates in that State, was driven by General Lyon from Jefferson City to federates stationed on the borders of Kan sas and Arkansas. On reaching Carthage, July 5th, he encountered a large force un der Jackson and Brigadier General Rains A sharp fight took place, and, owing to su perior numbers against him, Sigel was forced back and retreated in good order to Springfield. Lyon was then about eighty miles from that city, and learning of Si- gel s peril, hastened to his relief, and took command of the combined forces. While this was being done Price was re-enforced by troops from Texas under Generals Mc- Culloch, Rains, Pearce and McBride. This army, numbering about 20,000 men, and led by General Rains, then set out for Springfield. Although Lyon had not more than 6,000 men and 18 pieces of artillery, he bravely went out to meet the on-coming FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. 45$ enemy. The opposing forces met at Dug Springs, about nineteen miles west from Springfield, and a desperate battle was fought. This was on August 2d. Lyon s cavalry, led by Captain Stanley, made a furious charge, and after a time the Con federates gave way and retreated to Wil son s Creek. Early the next morning Lyon pushed on after the enemy to make another attack. The troops advanced in two columns, one led by Lyon to engage their front ; the other, under Sigel, to attack the rear. The battle opened furiously. In the thickest of the fight was Lyon. Wherever needed lie would dash in and give encouragement to his men by words and deeds. Although his horse was shot under him, and he was wounded in the head and leg, he was soon on another horse, and placing himself at the head of the Kansas troops, he; swung his hat over his head, and dashed forward the supplies of General Pillow and others in the vicinity of New Madrid, thus com pelling their retreat, and allowing a flotilla of gunboats, then being built near St. Louis, to descend the Mississippi and assist in mil itary operations against the batteries at Memphis; then push on toward the Gulf of Mexico with his army and take posses sion of New Orleans. CHAPTER VI. SIEGE OP LEXINGTON BOMBARDMENT OP COLUMBUS BATTLE OF BELMONT CAMPAIGN IN WESTEKN VIR GINIA BATTLE AT CAKNIFEX FKUKY MCCLELLAN APPOINTED GENERAL IN CHIEF THE " TRENT " AF FAIR CAPTURE OF KOANOKE ISLAND. ABOUT the middle of August General Price, with his force of Confederates, moved northward in the direction of Lexington, an important position in a curve of the Mis souri River. It was garrisoned by about 3,000 troops under Colonel James A. Mul- manded Fremont s orders for battle, and the disappointed army was sent back to St. Louis. Nine days after this General H. W. Halleck took command of the Department of Missouri. Fremont was afterward pre sented with a sword, on which was en graved: "To the Pathfinder, by the men of the West." In response to an order from Fremont, just before he was deprived of his com mand, General Grant, then in charge of the district around Cairo, sent a co-opera tive force along the line of the Mississippi to attack Columbus, then in the hands of the Confederates. One column of about 3,000 Illinois volunteers, under General John A. McClernand, went from Cairo in transports and the wooden gunboats Tyler and Lexington, for the purpose of menac ing Columbus by an attack on Belmont, opposite ; and another column, under Gen eral C. F. Smith, marched from Paducah THE CAMPAIGN IN GEORGIA-FEDERAL TROOPS FORAGING NEAR WARSAW SOUND. with a determination to gain a victory. But a bullet in his heart stopped him, and he fell back dead. For two hours after this the battle raged ; then the Confederates were forced to retreat. The loss on the Union side was between 1,200 and 1,300, and on the other about 3,000. The Union troops then went back to Springfield in order to protect a government train, valued at $1,500.000, from that city to Rolla, one hundred and twenty-five miles in the direc tion of St. Louis. Just before the battle of Wilson s Creek General John C. Fremont was given the command of the Department of Missouri. He at once formed a plan for ridding Mis souri and the whole Mississippi Valley of armed Secessionists, and for opening the navigation of the river, which was then ob structed by Confederate batteries at Mem phis and elsewhere. It was a gigantic plan. He intended to capture or disperse the troops under General Price ; seize Lit tle Rock, the capital of Arkansas ; cut off ligan. Price reached its vicinity early in September, and immediately besieged it with 20,000 men. This was on the iith, and although Mulligan was inadequately supplied with heavy guns and ammunition to sustain a siege he gallantly defended the post against overwhelming numbers until the morning of the 2oth, when he was com pelled to surrender. Fremont immediately sent an army of more than 20,000 men to retrieve this disaster by driving Price and his followers out of Missouri. The army moved in five columns, under Generals Hunter, Pope, Sigel, McKinstry and As- both. It was accompanied by eighty-six heavy guns. As Fremont said in a report to his government, his plan was to go right through to New Orleans. But Fremont s plan was upset. Just when he felt confident of his success and was about to attack Price he received or ders, emanating from the jealousies of po litical enemies, to turn over his command to General Hunter. The latter counter- to strike Columbus in the rear. While the gunboats fired on Columbus the troops landed near Belmont, and at once attacked that post. Although this place had been re-enforced by General Pillow, the National troops captured it after a severe contest ; but, owing to a heavy fire of artillery from the bluff at Columbus, they were unable to hold it, and withdrew with captured men, horses and artillery. Polk, commanding Columbus, immediately opened his heaviest guns upon them and tried to cut off their retreat with a large body of fresh troops that he sent across the water. Although there was a severe struggle, Grant man aged to fight his way back to his trans ports and escaped under cover of a fire from the gunboats. The loss in the en gagement was about 500 Nationals and 600 Confederates. The war in Western Virginia, which in the summer of 1861 seemed to have been crushed, was renewed in the autumn. Gen eral Robert E. Lee was then in charge of FRAttK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. THE IRONCLAD WEEHAWKEN" RETURNING TO FIRE A PARTING SHOT AT FORT SUMTER, AFTER THE BOMHARDMENT, APRIL VTH, IM;:!. the forces left by Garnett and Pegram. His headquarters were at Huntersville, in Pocahontas County. Plans were made by which General John P>. Hoyd (Secretary of \\ ar in Buchanan s administration), who had beer, given chief command in the re gion of the (iauley River, was to drive General Cox across the Ohio River, and Let: was to disperse the- army under Rose- crans, successor of McClellan, at Clarks burg, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and in this way make possible an invasion of Confederates into Maryland, Pennsylva nia and Ohio. But these excellent plans failed Rose- crans did not wait to be attacked, but started out to disperse Floyd s troops. After scaling the (iauley Mountains he came upon the object of Ins expedition at Carni- fex Ferry on the Gauley River. A severe battle of three hours duration was the re sult. Then Floyd, under cover of the darkness, stole away to Big Sewell Mount ain, thirty miles distant. Meanwhile Lee had started out from Huntersville on the night of September iith, with 9,000 men and a dozen pieces of artillery, for the pur pose of attacking Klkwaterand the outpost of Indiana troops on the summit of Cheat Mountain, and thus securing the pass and a free communication with the Shenandoah Valley at Staunton. But he was unsuccess ful, suffering defeat at both places. He then joined Floyd at Big Sewell Mountain. A few more vigorous movements on the part of the Union soldiers in West Vir ginia soon put an end to the war in that State. Late in August an expedition, composed of eight transports and war ships, under Commodore S. H. Stringham, bearing about 900 land troops, commanded by General B. F. Butler, left Hampton Roads for Hatteras Inlet, at the entrance to which, off the North Carolina coast, the Confed erates had erected two forts. By an assault on these forts by land and water Stringham and Butler succeeded in capturing them. A portion of Colonel 1 lawkins s New York Zouaves, with their commander, was left to garrison the position, and the expedition returned to Hampton Roads. Two months after tins another expedi tion was sent out from 1 lampton Roads. This was composed of lift} war ships and transports, commanded by Admiral S. 1 - . Dupont, ami 15,000 land troops under General T. \V. Sherman. After passing through a severe tempest off Cape Hatteras all of the vessels, with the exception of four transports that were wrecked, gathered at the entrance to Port Royal Sound, be tween Hilton Head and Philip s Island. The entrance to this sound was guarded by two Confederate batteries, while within the sound was a small flotilla of armed ves sels commanded by Commodore Tatnall, late of the United States Navy, who had espoused the Confederate cause. On the morning of November ~\\\ Dupont silenced the two forts and drove Tatnall s fleet into shallow water. The National troops then took possession of Port Royal and the neighboring islands. At the close of 1861 the National authority was supreme over the coast islands from Warsaw Sound to the mouth of the North Edisto River. General McClellan assumed command of the Army of the Potomac, as the forces around Washington were called after the battle of Bull Run, on July 2;th. He at once became so popular in this position that when, a few months afterward (No vember 1st) General Scott resigned his place as general in chief of the armies, on account of old age and ill health, McClel lan was appointed to that office. He im mediately set to work to reorganize the army, which had been shattered by the ter rible blow at Bull Run. It was about this time that the country was stirred up over the capture of two Confederate ambassadors on their way to Kurope. On October I2th, 1861, James Mason and John Slidell, who had been ap pointed to represent the Confederate Gov ernment in Great Britain and France, sailed from Charleston harbor for Havana, Cuba. There they embarked for St. Thomas in the British mail steamer Trent, intending to go to England in the regular packet from that port. Soon after the Trent sailed the American war ship San Jacinlo stopped at Havana, and her cap tain, Wilkes, learned of the movements of the ambassadors. He at once set sail for the Trent, and overhauling her, demanded the delivery of the two men. They re fused to leave the ship unless foiced to do so. Marines were at once dispatched to the Trent, and compelled the ambassadors to surrender. They were taken on board the San Jacimc and conveyed to Boston, where they were placed in Fort Warren as prisoners of state. While this act of Captain Wilkes was loudly applauded by loyal Americans the British Government called it an outrage, and followed up a peremptory demand for the release of the prisoners by preparing to enforce the demand by a war upon the United States. But their preparations came to naught, for, acting upon the prin ciple that the flag of a neutral vessel is a protection to all beneath it, the United States disavowed the act of Wilkes and re leased the two men. The " Trent affair" caused a great deal of excitement in the country, but it soon subsided upon the peaceful settlement of the trouble. The attention of the people was then directed to the fitting out of a third naval armament at Hampton Roads. This con sisted of 100 war vessels and transports commanded by Commodore L. M. Golds- FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTOOF OF THE CIVIL WAR. 461 borough, and bearing 16,000 troops under General Ambrose E. Burnside, of Rhode Island. The fleet left the Roads, January iith, 1862, for Roanoke Island and Pam- lico Sound, on the coast of North Caro lina. Roanoke Island was strongly forti fied with Confederate batteries command ing the sounds on either side. They were in the hands of North Carolina troops under Colonel H. M. Shaw. An attack was made upon these fortifi cations tin; first week in February. Golds- borough took a fleet of seventy vessels into Croatan Sound and opened on the bat teries. These shots received a hearty re sponse from the batteries and from a flotilla of small gunboats commanded by Lieu tenant W. F. Lynch. The bombardment lasted all afternoon, and at midnight about ri,ooo New England, New York and New Jersey troops were landed on the island. Early in the morning these troops, led by General J. G. Foster, attacked a line of intrenchments that crossed the island. The redor.bts, one after the other, were capt ured, although the Confederates, far in ferior in number, made a gallant defense. A particularly brave stand was made in the last redoubt, but through a furious charge by Hawkins s Zouaves they were compelled to beat a retreat and submit to capture after a short flight. Thus Roanoke Island passed into the hands of the National forces. Other portions of the North Caro lina coast, including Elizabeth City, were speedily captured. These losses produced great depression throughout the South, as it opened a way by which Norfolk might be attacked in the rear. CHAPTER VII. PRICE DRIVEN INTO ARKANSAS BATTLE or PEA RIDGE CAPTAIN McBAE s BRAVERY BATTLE OP MILL SPRINGS BEAUREGAHD TRANSFERRED TO THE WEST SIEGE AND CAPTURE OF FORTS HENKY AND HEIMAN. WHEN General Halleck assumed com mand of the Department of Missouri he placed General John Pope in charge of a considerable body of troops to oppose Price, who had gathered a large force of Confederates in Missouri. Pope did his work well, acting with great vigor and skill. By a few sharp, effective blows here and there he succeeded in preventing organ ized troops from joining Price, and com pelled the latter to withdraw to the bor ders of Arkansas for supplies and safety. Price, however, soon moved back to Spring field with about 12,000 men, and was pre paring to spend the winter there, when Halleck s troops, under General S. R. Cur tis, assisted by Generals Sigel, Davis, As- both and Prentiss, drove him away and forced him again into Arkansas. The Mis souri campaign, from June, 1861, to late in February, 1862, had been very active, sixty battles and skirmishes having been fought. The loss on both sides during this cam paign, in killed, wounded and prisoners, was about 12,000. When General Curtis had driven the Confederates into Arkansas he encamped in a strong position in the vicinity of Pea Ridge, a spur of the Ozark Mountains. In the meantime Price had been joined by General Earl Van Dorn, who brought with him from Western Arkansas Generals Mc- Culloch, Pike and Mclntosh. General Van Dorn took command of the forces, which numbered about 25,000 men, aiu" immediately led them out to Curtis s en campment. Curtis learned through his scouts of the approach of the Confederates, and at once concentrated his little army in the Sugar Creek Valley ; so that when, on the morn ing of March yth, 1862, Van Dorn had by a flank movement gained Curtis s rear, he found that general s troops in battle array. Generals Sigel and Asboth, commanding the First and Second Divisions, were on Curtis s left ; General Davis, with the Third Division, was in the centre, and the Fourth, under Colonel Carr, formed the right. The line of battle extended about four miles. The contest opened toward noon, and continued throughout the remainder of the day, without either side gaining the advantage. The loss was great on both sides, among the killed being Generals Mc- Culloch and Mclntosh. At night both armies rested on their arms. Early the next morning the conflict was renewed with great vigor. But the Na tionals soon put a stop to the battle by pouring such a strong, steady, destructive fire that the Confederates were unable to stand it, and fled in almost every direction in wild confusion. Van Dorn s army was really broken into fragments. Curtis lost 1,380 men, and the other side about the same number. During this time the war was kindling in the Department of New Mexico, com manded by General Canby. Attempts were made to attach that Territory to the Confederacy. Colonel H. H. Sibley, a Louisianian, with 2,300 Texans, most of KELLEY S FORD, ON THE RAPPAHANNOCK, THE SCENE OF THE BATTLE .OF THE I?TH OF MARCH, AND OF GENERAL STONEMAN S RECONNOISSANCE OF THE 21s T OF APRIL, 1863. FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR, them rough rangers, invaded the Territory in February, and called upon the inhabit ants for allegiance to the Confederacy and support for his troops. He felt confident of success, and marched slowly toward Fort Craig, on the Rio Grande, to attack Canby. But, finding that general ready to meet him, and having only light field- pieces, he crossed the Rio Grande and took up a position out of reach of the guns of the fort. Then, by a series of skirmishes, he drew Canby out. The hit ter began advancing on the Confederates, when a body of Texans, horse and foot, armed with carbines, revolvers and bowie knives, suddenly burst from a thick wood and charged furiously on two of the Na tional batteries, commanded respectively by Captains McRea and Hall. Although the a provisional government, General John ston had concentrated a large force at Bowling Green and strengthened the po sition of Polk at Columbus. Right across Kentucky were a series of fortified posts, the most important of which were Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland River, and Fort Henry, on the Tennessee River. At the same time General Buell had a large force of Union troops at Louisville and vicinity, and had strengthened various advanced posts. He had altogether about i 14,000 men under his command. They were arranged in four columns, commanded respectively by Brigadier Generals Alexan der McDowell McCook, Ormsby M. Mit- chel, George H. Thomas and Thomas L. Crittenden, and aided by twenty brigade commanders. They occupied an irregular his troops defeated. They fled into North eastern Tennessee. This defeat was a great blow to the Con federates. It broke their line in Kentucky, and made possible a series of movements by which they were soon driven out of that State and also Tennessee. It also aroused them to the necessity of a bold, able com mander in the West. They chose Beaure- gard, and transferred him from Manassas to Johnston s department, appointing Gen eral G. W. Smith to succeed him in the East. After the important victory at Mill Springs an expedition against Fort Henry and Fort Donelson was arranged. Twelve gunboats, which had been constructed at St. Louis and Cairo, were armed with heavy guns and light artillery, and placed CONFEDERATE PRISONERS BROUGHT IN AFTER THE BATTLE OF CHANCELLORSVTLLE. cavalry were driven back, the Confederate infantry bravely pressed forward through a murderous hail of grapeshot, and capt ured the battery of McRae. Its gallant commander defended his guns as long as he could, but was shot dead while sit ting astride a cannon and fighting his as sailants with a pistol. The Union soldiers soon broke and fled to the shelter of Fort Craig. Sibley did not follow up this vic tory, but hurried off to Santa Fe, which he captured but could not hold. He was soon afterward driven into Texas. The region of Southern and Western Kentucky was at this time held by the Confederates under General A. S. John ston, an able officer and veteran soldier. When the Secessionists of this State, in a convention held in November, 1861, d~* clared for the Confederacy and organized line across Kentucky, almost parallel with that of the Confederates. On January 7th Colonel James A. Gar- field, with a body of infantry and cavalry, went out and dispersed a large force of Confederates under Humphrey Marshall at Prestonburg, on the Big Sandy River, in Eastern Kentucky. For his gallantry on this occasion Garfield was commissioned a brigadier general. A few days later (Jan uary i gth) an important battle was fought at Beech Grove, near Mill Springs, on the borders of the Cumberland River. Gen eral Thomas was sent there to attack the strongly intrenched Confederate camp, then in charge of General Crittenden. The Con federates, led by General Zollicoffer, came out to meet him. The two forces met on the morning of January igth, and a severe conflict ensued. Zollicoffer was killed and under the command of Commodore A. H. Foote. A portion of this fleet gathered on the Tennessee River, February 3d, 1862, a few miles below Fort Henry, while a large force of troops, commanded by General U. S. Grant, assisted by General C. F. Smith, were landed from transports. The fort was armed with seventeen guns, and was in charge of General Tilghrnan. Grant and Foote arranged to strike Fort Henry simultaneously. Part of the land troops were first sent up the opposite side of the river to capture Fort Heiman and prevent its assistance of Fort Henry, while the others proceeded to gain a point be tween Forts Henry and Donelson. Before these troops reached their destination, Foote, by a heavy bombardment from his gunboats, Essex, St. Louts, Cincinnati and Carondclcti compelled the surrender of FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTOR^ OF THE CIVIL WAR. 403 Fort Henry. The little garrison made a gallant defense, but were forced to give in at the end of an hour s time. Fort Hei- nian was also captured. Upon learning of this important naval victory the Secretary of the Navy wrote to Foote : " The country appreciates your gal lant deeds, and this department desires to convey to you and your brave associates its profound thanks for the service you have rendered." CHAPTER VIII. THE ASSAULT ON FORT DONELSON COWARDLY FLIGHT OF FLOYD AND PILLOW " UNCONDITIONAL SURKEN- DI.U " FALL OF DONELSON CONFEDERATE RETREAT FKOM BOWLINO GREEN CAPTURE OF ISLAND No. 10 BATTLE OF SHILOH. BY their capture of Forts Henry and lleiman, on the Tennessee River, the Na tionals gained formidable and important posts, and it gave them a strong hold upon the vicinity of Fort Donelson and a good water batteries. They did little damage, while the gunboats received such a tre mendous pounding in return that Foote was compelled to withdraw. He hastened to Cairo to have damages repaired and to bring up a larger naval force. In the mean time Grant resolved to wait. That night the Confederates held a council of war. The fort was in command of ex-Secretary Floyd, assisted by Generals Pillow and Buckner. On the suggestion of Floyd it was decided, as the only way to save the garrison, to make a sortie the next morning, and rout or destroy the be sieging army, or cut through it and escape in the direction of Nashville. So at five o clock in the morning Generals Pillow and Buckner started out, the former to strike the Nationals on the right, McClernand s division, and the latter to engage Wallace in the centre. Pillow s attack was quick and vigorous, and in a short time the op- ville. The two cowards were at once sus pended from command by the Confederate Government. At an early hour the next morning Buckner requested the appointment of commissioners to agree upon terms of sur render. Grant s reply was brief and to the point : " No terms other than unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted. I propose to move immediately upon your works." The surrender speedily followed. Thirteen thousand five hundred men were captured, besides 3,000 horses, 48 field- pieces, T 7 heavy guns, 20,000 muskets and a large quantity of military stores. The loss was estimated at 237 killed and 1,000 wounded on the Confederate side, and 446 killed and 755 wounded among the Fed erals. When General A. S. Johnston heard of the fall of Fort Donelson he immediately ordered the evacuation of Bowling Green ADMIRAL DUPONT S MACHINE SHOP, STATION CREEK, S. C. position in the rear of Columbus, on the Mississippi. They determined to at once follow up the advantage thus gained by an attack on Fort Donelson, on the left bank of the Cumberland River, near Do ver, Tennessee. Two divisions of General Grant s army, under McClernand and Smith, left Fort Henry for Fort Donelson on the morning of February i2th, 1862. Another division, in charge of General Lewis Wallace, was left to hold the vanquished forts. Grant and his two divisions arrived in the vicinity of the fort the same evening, and went into camp to await the arrival of the armored flotilla. Upon looking over the situation Grant decided to send for Wallace and his troops. They arrived at noon on the I4th, and Commodore Foote, with his gunboats, having arrived, the attack on -Fort Donel son was begun at three o clock that after noon by the vessels Carondelet, Pittsburg St, Louis and Louisville firing upon the posing line gave way excepting Colonel John A. Logan s Illinois regiment, on the extreme left. This gallant stand, with the assistance of the light batteries of Taylor, McAllister and Dresser, made the Confed erate line recoil. But being re-enforced, it soon put the whole of McClernand s divis ion in great peril. Wallace was then called upon for help, and he gave such a hearty response that after a hard struggle the combined forces of Pillow and Buckner were compelled to fall back to their trenches. The strength of the Union forces led Floyd and Pillow to see that the fort would soon be obliged to surrender, and fearing the consequences to themselves if captured, they turned over the command to Buckner, and under cover of night cowardly deserted their companions in arms and fled. Floyd took a part of his Virginians with him up the river toward Nashville in a steamboat, while Pillow escaped to his home in Nash- and Columbus. The troops in the formei place retreated to Nashville, but being rap idly pursued by a part of Buell s Army of the Ohio, under General Mitchel, they soon left that city and moved quickly southward. Thus Nashville fell into the hands of the Federals, February 26th, 1862. Tennessee was now almost free of Confed erate soldiers, and as the people displayed signs of loyalty to the Union, the National Government resolved to re-establish civil government there. Andrew Johnson, of East Tennessee, was made Provisional Gov ernor, with the military rank of brigadier general, and he entered upon his duties at Nashville on March 4th. Stirring events were now occurring on the Mississippi River. New Madrid and Island No. 10 were occupied by the Con federates who had evacuated Columbus. Those at New Madrid were commanded by General McCown, and Island No. 10 was in charge of General Beauregard, 464 FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. who, as we have seen, had been sent West. While Commodore Foote was at Cairo preparing for a siege of those two places, General Pope, dispatched from St. Louis by General Halleck, drove the Con federates from New Madrid, and as they sought refuge on Island No. n>, that be came the chief object of attack by the Fed erals. The island had been thoroughly fortified by Beauregard, so that when, on the morn ing of March i6th, Foote opened upon it While awaiting assistance from Pope Foote determined to get a better position, so as to give his guns chance for more ef fective work. For this purpose an expedi tion composed of Illinois troops and sea men was sent on April ist to capture one of the seven formidable redoubts on the Kentucky shore. This was successful, and on the night of the 3d they took another. Then one of Foote s gunboats (the Caron- dclct, Captain Walke,) sailed down, amid a tremendous cannonading from all the bat- check the movement of Federal troops through Middle Tennessee toward North ern Alabama and Mississippi. The next day McCall attempted to escape from the island with his troops. They were stopped by Pope s forces under Generals Stanley, Hamilton and Paine, and Island No. 10, with the troops, batteries and supports on the main, fell into the hands of the Fed erals on April 8th. More than 7,000 men were surrendered prisoners of war, and among the spoils of victory were 123 can- " " f|Vr. THE SOLDIER S BEST THE FRIENDS OP THE SEVENTH AND EIGHTH REGIMENTS, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, WELCOMING THE RETURN OF THEIR HEROES TO NEW YORK, TUESDAY, APRIL 28rn, 1863. with heavy guns and mortars no apparent effect was made for some time. While the siege was going on General Pope, at the suggestion of General Schuyler Hamilton, was having a canal cut from the bend of the Mississippi, near Island No. 8, across the neck of a swampy peninsula, to the vi cinity of New Madrid, where Pope was en camped. This was made to open a pas sage for Pope s troops and some gunboats, so that they might flank Island No. 10 and insure its capture. The canal was twelve miles long, and was completed, after much hard labor, in nineteen days. teries on the shore, to the assistance of Pope. This daring feat was successfully accomplished, and the vessel was received with wild huzzas by the troops at New Madrid. This passage of the Carondclet and the near completion of the canal showed Beau- regard that the siege of the island must soon end in disaster. So he immediately turned over the command of the fortifica tions to General McCall, and the troops on the Kentucky and Tennessee shores to General McCown, and with a large number of his best soldiers departed for Corinth to nons and mortars, 7,000 small arms, many hundred horses and mules, 4 steamboats, and a larjjfe amount of ammunition. The fall of this stronghold was a great blow to the Confederacy, and produced widespread alarm in the Southern States. It now seemed probable that Fremont s plan would be successfully carried out. Curtis had broken the military power of the Confederacy west of the Mississippi at the battle of Pea Ridge ; and then another Federal force had pushed its way up the Tennessee and gained an important victory on the left bank of that stream, not FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY THE CIVIL WAR. 465 many miles from Corinth. After the battle of Pea Ridge, Curtis marched in a south easterly direction and encamped at Bates- ville, the capital of Independence County, Ark., on the White River. General Grant s army at the beginning of April was encamped between Pittsburg Landing, on the left bank of the Ten nessee, and the Shiloh Meetinghouse, which stood back in the forest about two miles. Grant s objective point was Cor inth, an important position on the line of the Charleston and Memphis Railroad. The seizure of this place would give the Federals control of the great railroad com munication between the Mississippi and the East and the border slave-labor States and the Gulf of Mexico. It would also allow the troops to give material aid to Foote in the plan he was then making to capture Memphis. While Grant was thus encamped a large force of about 40,000 Confederates, un known to him, had crept up from Corinth to within a few miles of Shiloh Meetinghouse. This force was in command of General A. S. Johnston, assisted by Generals Beauregard, Polk, Harclee, Bragg and Breckinridge. They decided to await the arrival of Van Dorn and Price, who were approaching Mem phis with a large force from Cen tral Arkansas, before attacking the Federal camp ; but, learning that General Buell s army was on its way to join Grant, and knowing that the latter was ignorant of the near presence of his enemy, it was resolved to strike before dawn the next day. The Union camp was just awak ing from its slumbers on the morn ing of April 6th, 1862, when it was startled by the wild cry of pickets rushing in with the intelligence of the enemy s approach. The as sault was opened by an attack by Hardee s division on General \V. T. Sherman s troops stationed in the woods near Shiloh Meet inghouse. The Confederates dashed into the camp, fighting desperately, and drove the half- dressed, half-armed troops before them. General Prentiss s divis ion, which was planted across the road leading to Corinth, was next attacked. His column also gave way under the onslaught, and he and a large portion of his followers were made prisoners. A fierce general strug gle then began. For ten hours the battle raged, with terrible slaughter on both sides, General W. H. L. Wallace, of the Fed erals, and General Johnston, of the Con federates, being killed. At length, when night set in, the Federals were pushed back to the Tennessee River, and the day was fairly won by the Confederates. Still the Federals held their position, and dur ing the night were re-enforced by the ar rival of a portion of Buell s army and a di vision under General Lewis \Vallace. On the morning of the 7th the fight was renewed by an attack by Wallace on the Confederate left, which was in charge of Beauregard himself. The others soon joined in, and although the Confederates fought bravely they were soon driven back, and at length fled toward Corinth to the heights of Monterey, nine miles away. They lost at least 10,000 men, while the Federals lost in killed, wounded and pris oners 13,000. Beauregard s army soon afterward fell back to Corinth, and Grant would have pursued it, and, in its weak condition, probably captured it, had not General Halleck, his superior at that time, come up just then from St. Louis, and or dered the troops to rest for awhile. This gave the Confederates a chance to. reor ganize their forces and make themselves ready for another battle. CHAPTER IX. HALLECK TAKES CORINTH A DARING RAID CAPTURE OF MEMPHIS FEDERAL VICTORY AT NEW BERNE SIEGE AND FALL OF FORT PULASKI BRILLIANT AND SUCCESSFUL PLAN FOR THE TAKING OF NEW OR LEANS REWARD OFFERED FOR BUTLER S CAPTURE. IT was not until more than two weeks had elapsed after the battle of Shiloh that General Halleck put his army in motion to capture Corinth. He reached the vicinity of that place on May 3d, and at once started the work of erecting fortifications preparatory to a siege. These were com- GEXEKAL WILLIAM B. FRANKLIN. pleted by the 29th, and arrangements were made for an attack the next morning. But during that night the enemy fled. Beauregard felt that his army was hardiy strong enough to cope with the Army of the Tennessee, and so, after destroying everything he could not carry away, he took his troops in haste to Tupelo, many miles southward of Corinth. Arriving there, he turned over his command to Gen eral Bragg and retired to some mineral springs in Alabama for his health. Hal leck marched into Corinth and held it until, shortly afterward, he was appointed general in chief of all the armies, and left for Washington. General Thomas then took command in Corinth, and General Grant of his old army. The fall of Corinth completed a series of events by which the Federals gained possession of all Kentucky, Western and Middle Tennessee, Northern Mississippi and Northern Alabama ; for just before (April nth) General Mitchel, with part of Buell s army, had by rapid inarches from Nashville and by a sudden charge on the city of Huntsville, Ala., secured control of the Charleston and Memphis Railroad from Tuscumbia on the west to Stevenson on the east, and also of the Tennessee River for about one hundred miles. Mitchel was a daring and audacious gen eral, and accomplished splendid work for the Union cause. It was he who set in motion one of the most remarkable enterprises undertaken during the war. This was an attempt to destroy railroad communication between Chattanooga and Atlanta. Un der his orders J. J. Andrews, with twenty- two picked men, disguised as Confederate citizens, walked to Marietta and took a train for a station a short distance from the foot of the Great Kenesaw Mountain. There they took advantage of the absence of the engineer and conductor at breakfast by uncoupling the engine, tender and box car. With these they dashed up the road at full speed, and soon began the destruction of the track. But it was not long before a train was started in pursuit of them. An ex citing chase ensued. Onward sped pursued and pursuer. For many miles the two engines flew at a terrific pace. But having to stop now and then to cut telegraph wires and tear up the track, An drews and his men began to lose ground, and the pursuers rapidly gained upon them. At length the fuel of the fugitives gave; out, and they were compelled to leave their engine about fifteen miles from Chattanooga. They fled to the shelter of the woods near Chickamauga Creek, and defied capture for some time. But the Confederates, with the aid of bloodhounds, at last ferreted them out, and the whole party was caught. Andrews and seven of his companions were hanged. This daring raid elicited the approval of the Secretary of War, and he presented each of the survivors a bronze medal. After the capture of Island No. 10 Commodore Foote started down the Mississippi River with his armed vessels and transports containing Pope s army, in the hope of taking- Memphis. He was stopped about eighty miles above that city by the appearance of a Confederate flotilla under Captain Rollins, and 3,000 troops under. General Jeff. Thompson from Fort Pillow, on Chickasaw Bluffs, then in command of General Villepigue. Foote opened upon the enemy at once, but being unassisted by Pope s troops, who, after landing on the Arkansas shore, were prevented from ad vancing by the flooded condition of the country, was compelled to withdraw. Hol- lins then reorganized his flotilla, and on May loth, with the assistance of the heavy guns on Fort Pillow, attacked Foote. He was, however, repulsed, and as Foote was unable to follow up this victory, the op posing fleets stood quiet for two weeks. Then the Confederates, learning of the loss of Corinth, hurried down to Memphis. Foote was now re-enforced by a " ram " squadron, prepared by Colonel Charles Ellet, Jr., and on June 6th he attacked the Confederate squadron in front of Memphis. This being disposed of, Federal troops under General Lewis Wallace took posses sion of the city. 4 66 FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. A short time before the events just re corded General Burnside and Commo dore Rowan set out to follow up the capt ure of Roanoke Island and vicinity by other important movements on the North Carolina coast. On March 1 2th, 1862, they reached the Neuse River, and the next morning 15,000 troops, under Gen erals Foster, Reno and Parke, were landed and marched against a strongly intrenched position of the Confederates, under Gen eral Branch, at New Berne. On the morn ing of the 1 4th the attack was made, and although the Confederates held out bravely and persistently, they were at length over come by superior numbers and fled across the Trent. By burning the bridges behind them they managed to escape. The Fed erals then took possession of New Berne. This was followed on April 25th by the capture of Fort Macon, on a point of Bogue Island near the entrance to Beau fort harbor, and by the accession of other important places on the coast, among them Plymouth, Winton and Washington. Farly in 1X62 General T. W. Sherman, in command of the Department of the South, began pre parations for the bo m bard m e n t of Fort Pulaski. Bat teries of rifled guns and mortars wen; planted on Big Ty- bee Island south east of Cockspur Island, on w h i c h the fort stood. T h e n the Savan nah River, in the rear of the fort, effectually close by the erection of h e a v y batten \ enus s Point, on Jones s Island, and a smaller one on Bird Island. Before the attack on Fort Pulaski was m a d e ( i e n e r a 1 Sherman w a s succeeded by General David H u n t e r in the co m m a n d of the Department of the South 1862). The siege opened on heavy cannonading from and, under the direction more and Viele. well defended. New Orleans, Baton Rouge and Galves- ton the National Government placed Gen eral Benjamin F. Butler in command of the Department of the Gulf, and directed him to co-operate with the navy there in an effort to capture those places. Just be fore leaving Washington General Butler said to the President: "Good-by. We shall take New Orleans or you will never see me attain." And Secretarv Stanton, who was standing near, replied : " The man who takes New Orleans is made a lieuten ant general." New Orleans being the chief object of the expedition, it was arranged to have all the lai J and naval forces gather at Ship Island, off the coast of Mississippi. So when Butler arrived at that place with about 14,000 troops from Fortress Monroe he found there General Phelps with Mas sachusetts and Connecticut troops, Admiral Farragut with a naval force, anil a fleet of bomb vessels commanded by Commodore David D. Porter. lie also found the pas sage to New Orleans well guarded. Two forts Jackson and St. Philip stood on a bend of the Mississippi River, seventy-six battle on the morning of April i8th, 1862. Porter s mortar boats, supported by the gunboats, responded, and there was a se vere conflict for several days. But Farra gut soon saw that he would not be able to silence the enemy, and he determined to run by the forts on the night of the 23d. The perilous voyage started at two o clock in the morning, the mortar boats covering the movements of the gunboats. The flag ship Hartford, with Farragut, and two other strong vessels, sailed up the right bank of the river to attack Fort Jackson, while eight gunboats, commanded by Cap tain Theodorus Bailey, kept the eastern bank to look after Fort. St. Philip. I he dark night was soon lighted up by the rapid flashes from the forts and on the mortar boats, and from blazing fire rafts sent down by the Confederates. The scene was a grand one and the noise terrific. Twenty mortars and 260 great guns bellowed forth their thunder, and these, with the constant explosion of shells, made the earth fairly tremble. Farragut climbed into the fore rigging of the Hartford and by watching the combat through a night glass directed the movements of was at the boats possible, passed the safely, only attacked by flotilla of a n il as far as The fleet forts to be a large r a m s " u n b o a t s . h o w ever, soon disposed These, were of. The g u n b oat / crmia, C a p t a i n Boggs, especially dis tinguished herself r u s h i n g here, among (8th of March, April loth by a Big Tybee isl- of Generals Gill- For two days the fort was Then the balls and shells had played such havoc with its walls that the garrison was obliged to surrender. The gain of this important position made it possible for the Federals to close the port of Savannah against the numerous block ade runners that were then making mischief all along the coast. Meanwhile Commodore Dupont, then in command of the navy on the Southern coast, with the assistance of General Wright, had captured Fort Clinch, on Amelia Island, and compelled the Confed erates to abandon their other forts along the coasts of Florida and Georgia. Jack sonville was captured, March i ith, by a flo tilla of gunboats and a body of troops un der Lieutenant T. H. Stevens, and St. Au gustine was taken possession of by Com mander C. R. P. Rodgers. This alarmed the Confederates, and they at once fled from Pensacola and all their fortifications on the main opposite Fort Pickens. In order to gain possession of Mobile, THE MULE CORRAL AT PITTSIU RG LANDING. miles from the Gulf of Mexico, and a num ber of smaller fortifications were above these, and obstructions had been placed in the river below. General Butler at once conferred with Farragut and Porter, and the three agreed upon a plan for the capture of New Or leans. It was arranged that first an attack would be made on the forts below by Por ter s bomb vessels. If this failed Farragut was, if possible, to take his stronger ves sels past the forts, cut off their supplies and supports, and attack the Confederate vessels up the river. General Butler was then to attempt the capture of Fort St. Philip by an assault in the rear with his troops. Then the land and naval forces could press on to New Orleans. According to this plan the two fleets, in which there were forty-seven armed vessels and some transports bearing troops; pro ceeded up the river. Porter s mortar boats, which led the procession, managed to get a good position near the forts by assuming a disguise in the shape of mud on their hulls and branches of trees in their masts, yards and rigging. The obstructions in the Mississippi had been swept away by the swelling of the river. A shot from Fort Jackson opened the n g n the Confed erate vessels anil firing broadsides right and left until she had driven three of them a shore. Nearly the whole of the Confederate flo tilla was destroyed within the space of half an hour. This great victor) cost the Federals the loss of but 30 men killed and 125 wounded. In the meantime Butler had landed his troops and gained the rear of Fort St. Philip, where he soon compelled the sur render of the garrison. A little later Por ter captured Fort Jackson with nearly 1,000 men. Then Farragut, with a fleet of thir teen vessels, sailed up to New Orleans. The people there were panic-stricken. Men and women rushed through the streets cry ing, " Burn the city ! Burn the city !" Thousands of dollars worth of cotton was hurriedly carried to the levees to be burned ; specie to the amount of $4,000,000 was sent out of the city by railroad, and a large number of citizens fled from the doomed town. As Farragut approached, on April 25th, General Lovell and his troops set fire to the cotton and quickly decamped. Far ragut held the city until General Butler ar rived with his troops and took formal pos session. Butler made his headquarters at the St. Charles Hotel and at once pro claimed martial law. One of his first acts was to cause the arrest and immediate tria 1 ! on a charge of treason of a man named Mumford for pulling down the national flag on the Mint. Mumford wasconvictecl and quickly hanged. Butler s rigorous rule of New Orleans ex- FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTO OF THE CIVIL WAR. 467 cited a violent personal hatred of the gen eral. Richard Yeadon, a prominent citizen of Charleston, offered a reward of $10,000 for his capture and delivery, dead or alive, to any Confederate authority. Jefferson Davis issued a proclamation in which he pronounced Butler to be a felon deserving of capital punishment, and " should not be treated as a public enemy of the Confed erate States, but as an outlaw and common enemy of mankind ;" and he ordered that, " in the event of his capture, the officer in command of the capturing force do cause him to be immediately executed by hang ing." Then, in a letter to the Charleston Courier, a " Daughter of South Carolina " wrote : " I propose to spin the thread to make the cord to execute the order of our noble President Davis when old Butler is caught ; and my daughter asks that she February 22d. McClellan was then or dered to first march against Manassas. The general in chief, however, remon strated against this, and proposed to take his army to Richmond by way of Fortress Monroe and the peninsula, between the York and James Rivers. The President did not agree to this, and it was decided to submit the matter to a council of officers, when McClellan s plan was accepted. The general, however, thought best to wait until the forces in the West had gained victories before, starting for Richmond. Then, learning that the Confederates had retreated from Manassas toward Rich mond, McClellan took his whole army across the Potomac and advanced on aban doned Manassas, to give his soldiers, as he explained, a little active experience pre-- paratory to the campaign ! The army had pending disaster. But relief came to them unexpectedly that night in the shape of the Monitor, a small but strong gunboat, with its deck almost level with the surface of the water, and having in its centre a round tower of heavy iron. This tower was made to revolve so that its two heavy guns within could be brought to bear upon any point without changing the position of the vessel. This little craft had been con structed by Captain John Ericsson at New York, and arrived at Hampton Roads just in the nick of time to show its usefulness. Upon reporting to the flag officer in the Roads, Lieutenant John L. Worden, com mander of the Monitor, learned the situa tion of affairs, and at once made prepara tions to meet the mischief maker from Nor folk. Early the next morning, March gth, 1862, the Merrimac appeared coming out THE AKMY OF THE POTOMAC- SCENE AT THE CROSSING OF KETTLE BUN. may be allowed to adjust it around his neck." CHAPTER X. DISAGREEMENT OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL MC CLELLAN THE "MONITOR" AND THE " MERRI- MAC " - BATTLE OF WINCHESTER OPENING THE CAMPAIGN ON THE VIRGINIA PENINSULA ENGAGE MENT AT WlLLIAMSBURG. THE Grand Army of the Potomac, un der General McClellan, lay idle for some time in the vicinity of Washington, await ing orders to advance. It had, however, been disciplined and recruited from time to time, so that early in 1862 it comprised a strong force of 200,000 men. The people had at last become impa tient for these troops to do something to help crush the Confederacy. So the Pres ident, on January 27th, issued a general order directing a simultaneous movement of all the land and naval forces of the United States against the Confederates on a pleasant little outing, and then moved back to Alexandria. This so disgusted the President that he at once relieved Mc Clellan of his position as general in chief, and put him in command of only the De partment of the Potomac. At about this time a short, sharp and de cisive battle between two small but power ful vessels occurred in Hampton Roads. The Confederates, as before noted, had raised the Merrimac, one of the ships sunk in the river at Norfolk, and converted her into an ironclad gunboat. On March 8th this vessel started on a trip of destruction among the ships at the mouth of the James River, and suceeded in sinking the wooden sailing frigates Congress and Cumberland. This spread alarm among the army and navy officers in Hampton Roads, as they feared other transports and war vessels would share the fate of the frigates. They could devise no means to prevent the im- of the Elizabeth River, and the Monitor went down to stop it. There was a terrific conflict, both vessels hurling huge missiles with tremendous force against each other. No effect seemed to be produced on the iron sides of the Monitor, while the Merri mac suffered so much, she was soon obliged to give up the fray and fly to Norfolk. Both of the commanders were wounded, Lieutenant Worden being struck in the face by the sudden dislodgment of the ce ment around the peephole in the turret, caused by the striking of one of the shots on that point. The Merrimac never vent ured out again. When the Confederates evacuated Ma nassas Stonewall Jackson had taken up a position at Winchester, in the Shenandoah Valley. General N. P. Banks, then in command of the Federal troops near Har per s Ferry, wishing to secure control of the valley, dispatched General Shields to FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THh CIVIL WAR. attack Jackson. The latter withdrew fur ther up, and Shields, after pursuing him for some distance, encamped at Winches ter. Jackson then, being re-enforced, came down the valley with a large body of troops, infantry and cavalry, and attacked Shields at Kernstown, just west of Win chester, on March 22d. After a sharp and severe engagement, in which Shields was badly wounded, the Confederates were de feated. They fled up the valley, with Banks s men close on their heels. The Army of the Potomac began its campaign on the Virginia Peninsula early in April. All but about 73.000 of that army, which were left for the protection of Washington, had been transferred to For tress Monroe by General McClellan. There were now about 121,000 men at that place, and these were moved in two columns up the penirsula; one column under General Heintzelman marching near the York River, and the other, under General Keyes, near the James River. A fortified line had been formed across the peninsula by a comparatively small Confederate force un der General |. B. Magruder. Being de ceived as to the number of the Confeder- turned the flank of the enemy. This drove the Confederates into a precipitate retreat, leaving about 800 of their wounded behind them. The Federals would have pressed on in pursuit of the fugitives, and probably capt ured or dispersed the whole army, but McClellan came on the battlefield just then and would not allow it. Instead he marched slowly forward, and when he reached the Chickahominy River Johnston was safe beyond it. In the battle of Will- iamsburg the Federal loss was 2,200 and the Confederate 1,000. McClellan had moved only thirty-six miles toward Richmond during the month after his arrival at Fortress Monroe. The principal reason given for this slow prog ress was his fear that he had not troops enough to defeat the enemy. His army had been somewhat depleted by the with drawal of Blenker s division of 10,000 men to strengthen Fremont, who was in com mand of the Mountain Department, beyond the Blue Ridge, and of McDowell s army corps, who were ordered to a position where they could be ready to assist in the defense of the capital or in an attack upon structions in the river put a stop to the chase. After Johnston had withdrawn his troops from Manassas, McDowell with 30,000 men took up a position at Fredericksburg, ready for any emergency. Banks was then, as we have seen, in the Shenandoah Valley. At the beginning of May General Ewell, who had just joined Stonewall Jackson near Harrisonburg, in the upper part of the val ley, was ordered to hold Banks, while Gen eral Robert E. Lee should push across the Rappahannock and cut off all communica tion between Alexandria and Winchester. While on the way to join the Federals in the valley one of Fremont s brigades, un der General Milroy, fell in with Jackson s troops. The latter at once moved against Milroy, and at McDowell, west of Staun- ton, a severe battle of about five hours took place, May 8th. Although neither side could be said to have won, Jackson sent a note to Ewell the next morning, say ing : "Yesterday God gave us the victory at McDowell." In this battle the Federals lost in killed and wounded 256 men, and the Confederates 461. Some stirring events now occurred in the THE JXVASION OF PENNSYLVANIA BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, FKIJUY, JULY 3i>, 18(53. ates, McClellan decided he could not get beyond Yorktown without re-enforcements, and while awaiting these remained nearly a month below that place. Then a regu lar siege of Yorktown was begun by Gen eral Fitzjohn Porter, although the Federals were ten times stronger in number than the Confederates. After an attempt to capture the intrenchments on the Warwick River by a division under General Smith, of Reyes s column, had failed, Magruder tell back to the stronger intrenchments in front of Williamsburg. He was pursued by General Sumner and the main body of the Federals, while McClellan remained at Yorktown and sent troops under General Franklin up the York River to strike the enemy on the left. General Joseph E. Johnston now made his appearance and assumed chief command of the Confederates. He soon withdrew his main army and fell back toward Rich mond, leaving the remainder to hold Wili- iamsburg. On his retreat he was surprised by an attack, on May 5th, by Generals Hooker, Kearny and Hancock. A severe battle followed. Hooker led the assault, and kept it up for fully nine hours, when Kearny came to his aid and Hancock Richmond. In addition to these with drawals, General Wool, with his 10,000 men at Fortress Monroe, was made inde pendent of McClellan s orders. As the lat ter felt that he could not absolutely depend on any of these troops for support, he kept hesitating and complaining of a want of men, although the President urged him to act at once before the enemy should gather in greater strength on his front. General John E. Wool, feeling certain that the Confederates could easily be driv en out of Norfolk, started from Fortress Monroe and made a personal reconnois- sance. Then he crossed Hampton Roads and landed a few regiments for the purpose of striking the rear of the fortifications be low that city ; but upon reaching the place he found that General Huger, in command at Norfolk, had already retreated, and Wool gained the city without a fight, on May gth. Before leaving Norfolk the Con federates set fire to the once powerful but now much-battered Merrimac. The Con federate vessels in the James River set off for Richmond, hotly pursued by Commo dore Rodgers s flotilla of gunboats to within eight miles of Richmond, where a strong fort on Drewry s Bluff and ob- Shenandoah Valley. Ewell pressed back Banks to Strasburg, and a little later (May 23d) the combined forces of Jackson and Ewell captured or dispersed the Federal troops at Front Royal, under Colonel J. R. Kenly, of Baltimore. Then Banks re treated quickly down the valley, pursued by 20,000 Confederates. Arriving at Win chester, he made a stand, with 7,000 men, against an attack by Ewell, on May 25th. After fighting gallantly for several hours Banks was compelled to retreat because of the approach of Jackson with an overwhelm ing force. The Federals were pursued as far as Martinsburg, and they encamped for the night on the Potomac, at Williams- port. Learning of these movements, McDowell sent a force over the Blue Ridge to inter cept the Confederates if they should re treat, and Fremont hurried on from the west, toward Strasburg, with the same ob ject in view. At this Jackson moved vvith his whole force up the valley, and the Fed erals gave chase. Fremont overtook Ewell at Cross Keys, beyond Harrisonburg, on June 7th. The battle was sharp but unde cisive. At the same time troops under Generals Carroll and Tyler were pressing 1 U FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTOR$JK)F THE CIVIL WAR. 469 Jackson at Port Republic, beyond the Shenandoah River, so closely that he called upon Ewell for help. The latter set out at once to obey the call, and by burning the bridge over the Shenandoah, near Port Re public, stopped the pursuit of Fremont. Jackson then, with his large force, easily routed his enemies, and they fell back to Winchester. By the middle of May General McClel- lan managed to get within nine miles of Richmond, making his headquarters at Cold Harbor, near the Chickahominy River, and toward the close of that month the two armies of McClellan and Johnston con fronted each other upon opposite sides of the Chickahominy. Nothing was done for i time, as both generals were waiting for re-enforcements from the Shenandoah Yal- ley. 1 he proximity of the Federals alarmed erals took possession of the Richmond side of the Chickahominy. Seeing the result of this bold dash, McClellan the next day ordered an immediate advance on Rich mond ; but with his usual hesitancy he waited until it was too late to carry out the order, and nothing was done for several days except the sending of General Fitz- john Porter with a large force to Hanover Courthouse to keep the way open for McDowell to join the arm)-, which McClel lan persistently demanded. After some sharp skirmishes Porter succeeded in cut ting all railroad communication with Rich mond except one leading to Fredericks- burg, and then rejoined the main army. The apparent timidity of McClellan em boldened General Johnston to march out from his intrenchments and attack the Federals on the Richmond side of the river. General James Longstreet led the more furiously, and continued until the early evening, when a bayonet charge by the Federals broke the Confederate line and stopped the fighting for the night. The next morning (June ist) the contest was renewed, and lasted several hours, when the Confederates withdrew to Rich mond. The losses on each side amounted to about 7,000. Among the wounded were General Johnston of the Confederates and General O. O. Howard of the Union side. The latter lost his right arm. CHAPTER XI. STUAUT S KAII> BATTLE OF MECHANICSVILLE ST AT GAIXES S MILL MCCLELLAN SEEKS A NEW PO SITION CONFLICT AT SAVAGE S STATION BATTLE OF (ii.ENDALE MALVERN HILL SECOND BATTLE OK HT-LL KI-N. AKTKR the battle of Fair Oaks the Army of the Potomac lay quietly in its position THE INVASION OF MARYLAND CITIZENS OF BALTIMORE BARRICADING THE STREETS, MONDAY EVENING, JUNE 29ra, 186:!. the Confederate Government at Richmond, and preparations were made for a hasty flight into South Carolina if necessary. They even covered the railroad bridge leading out of the city with plank, so as to facilitate the flight of artillery, and held a train of cars in constant readiness for Da vis and his Cabinet. These preparations called forth from the Virginia Legislature resolutions demanding the defense of Rich mond at all hazards, and assuring the Pres ident " that whatever destruction or loss of property of the State or individual shall thereby result will be cheerfully submit ted to." On May 23d portions of the contending armies came together at New Bridge and had a sharp battle, and on the 24th they fought at Mechanicsville. There the Con federates were driven back and the Fed- Confederate advance, and fell suddenly and vigorously upon General Silas Casey, who held a position on both sides of the Williamsburg Road, half a mile beyond Seven Pines. Casey made a brave stand, but he was soon driven back with one-third of his command disabled. Troops were at once sent to his aid by Keyes, but the opposing forces were so strong, the whole body gave way and retreated to Fair Oaks Station, on the Richmond and York Rail road. Here re-enforcements were received from Heintzelman and Kearny, but as the Confederates also gained fresh troops the Federals were as badly off as ever, and it looked like a victory for the former. Just then General Sumner, seeing the peril of his friends, hurried to the scene of action with the divisions of Generals Sedgwick and Richardson. The battle then raged on the borders of the Chickahominy for nearly a month. The decisive move upon Richmond was put off from clay to day. Meanwhile General Robert E. Lee, who succeeded the wounded Johnston in the command of the Confederate troops, had been joined by Jackson and Ewell from the Shenandoah Yalley, and with this added strength he prepared to attempt the dis persion of the Federals. While these preparations were being made a body of 1,500 cavalrymen under General J. E. B. Stuart started out on a daring raid. They rode all around McClellan s army, seized and burned 14 wagons and 2 schooners laden with forage on the Pamunkey River, and captured and carried away 165 pris oners and 260 mules and horses. Stuart s raid set an example for many other similar exploits by both parties during the war. 470 FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. General Lt* completed his preparations by June 26th, 1862, when he sent Stone wall Jackson with a large force from Han over Courthouse to turn the right wing of the Union army and fall upon their base of supplies at the "White House," so named because of its being the site of the old "White House" in which Washington passed the first months of his married life. Another and heavier force, under General Longstreet and others, crossed the Chicka- hominy near Mechanicsville, about the same time, and made an attack upon Mc- Clellan s right wing, commanded by Gen eral Fitzjohn Porter, at Ellison s Mill. The battle was a severe one, and resulted in the defeat of the Confederates with a loss of more than 3,000 men. Porter lost about 400. Had this victory been immediately fol lowed up by a movement on Richmond that city might then have been taken by the Federals; but McClellan feared that his army and stores were in peril, and so prepared to transfer both to the James River. This movement was begun on Early on the morning of June 28th the Federal army started on a march to Tur key Bend of the James River. In the pro cession was a train of 5,000 wagons, laden with ammunition, stores and baggage, and a drove of 2,500 head of beef cattle. General Lee did not learn of this movement, so skillfully was it masked, until the army was far on its way toward a new position on the James River. He then determined to overtake and destroy, if possible, the retir ing army. McClellan s rear guard was composed of the divisions of Sedgwick, Richardson, Heint/elman and Smith, and these had just reached Savage s Station when Sedg wick was attacked by a Confederate force under Magruder, which had been sent out by Lee. In the battle that followed Ma gruder was repulsed by General Burns s brigade, supported by those of Brooke and Hancock. At night the Federals fell back to White Oak Swamp, leaving about 2,500 of their wounded at Savage s Station. The entire army passed the swamp the next morning. crates moved from Glendale in a strong, steady line and charged furiously up the hill in an endeavor to carry it by storm. The Federals bravely met the fierce on slaught, and one of the most terrible bat tles of the war began. In the thickest of the fight were the troops of Porter, Couch and Kearny, until toward evening, when Richardson and Meagher brought fresh soldiers to their aid. The gunboats on the river did effective work with well directed bombshells. At last, at nine o clock in the evening, the Confederates were driven away and took shelter in the woods and swamps. Again did McClellan s hesitation prevent the capture of Richmond. The victory on Malvern Hill was so decisive, the generals of his army felt sure he would pursue Lee s shattered forces in the morning and march into Richmond within twenty-four hours. But no ; McClellan ordered the army to fall back to Harrison s Landing, the spot he had selected as a secure place for his soldiers and base of supplies. Thus ended a campaign which had been little but a series of failures. McClellan s retreat sat- krw/r^rc^n THE WAR IN VIRGINIA RAILROAD BRIDGE OVER THE RAPPAHANNOOK, AT RAPPAHANNOCK STATION June 27th. The stores at the White House were to be removed under the pro tection of Porter s corps, which was also or dered to attend to carrying away the siege guns and covering the army in its march for the James River. When for this pur pose the troops were arranged on the ris ing ground near Gaines s Mill, on the arc of a circle between Cold Harbor and the Chickahominy, they were attacked by a large force under Generals Longstreet and Hill. A severe conflict took place. Por ter was soon so hard pressed, he had to send to McClellan, who was on the oppo site side of the river, for help. Slocum s division, of Franklin s corps, was sent over, but was soon found to be insufficient, and the brigades of French and Meagher were hurried across the river. They ar rived just in time to rally Porter s shat tered column, which was fast falling back in disorder. The Confederates were then driven from the field. At this battle of Gaines s Mill the Federals lost about 8,000 and the Confederates 5,000. That night Porter withdrew to the right side of the Chickahominy, and destroyed the bridges behind him. While General Franklin, with a rear guard, was protecting the passage of the main bridge in White Oak Swamp and covering the withdrawal of the wagon trains from that point, on June 3oth, the Confederate pursuers came up and engaged him in a severe contest, lasting nearly all clay. Franklin managed to keep the enemy back until night, when the Federals de stroyed the bridge and withdrew. On the same morning the Federal troops were at tacked by a column of Confederates under Longstreet and Hill at Glendale, near by. It was a sanguinary battle, and resulted in a victory for the Federals after fresh troops under Hooker, Meagher and Taylor had arrived. In the conflict General McCall, who led the Pennsylvania troops, was capt ured, and General Meade received a severe wound. The next day (July ist) the whole Army of the Potomac had gained a strong position on Malvern Hill, within the reach of Federal gunboats on the James River. Not being satisfied with this position, McClellan that day went down the river on the gunboat Galena to find another place. While he was gone his army was attacked on Malvern Hill. The Confed- isfied the authorities at Richmond that no further attempts to take the city would be made at that time, so they ordered Lee to push on to Washington. General John Pope was at this time in command of the Army of Virginia, which comprised the three corps of McDowell, Banks and Sigel. Pope s main army was near Culpeper Courthouse, when Stonewall Jackson, by Lee s orders, left Gordonsville, and crossing the Rapidan came upon General Banks at the foot of Cedar Mount ain, a few miles west of the Courthouse. A terrible struggle, which at times was car ried on hand to hand, took place. Banks, although ably assisted by Generals Craw ford, Augur, Geary and others, was be ing rapidly pushed back, when the arri val of Ricketts s division, of McDowell s corps, saved the day. Each side lost about 2,000 men, killed and wounded. Jackson kept his position in the mountains until August i ith, when he fell back behind the Rapidan. Lee had now concentrated his forces for the march on Washington. They pushed rapidly forward in heavy columns. Finding they could not force a passage of the Rap FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED ff IS TORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. pahannock, they took a circuitous route to flank the Federals. Jackson, leading this flanking force, crossed the river on August 25th. He quickly marched over the Bull Run Mountain at Thoroughfare Gap, and at daylight the next morning he reached Ma- nassas Junction. Thera he was soon joined by Longstreet and his troops. General Pope, with his whole Army of Virginia ex cepting Banks s division, then gave battle to the combined Confederates at Grove- ton, not far from the Bull Run battle ground, on August 2gth. After a loss of about 7,000 men on each side the contest ended without any decisive result. Pope prepared to renew, the battle the next morning, expecting help from McClellan, who had, on orders from General Halleck, brought his Army of the Potomac to Alex andria. But McClellan refused support, cations around Washington. Pope, on his own request, was now sent West, and the Army of Virginia became a part of the Army of the Potomac, with McClellan at the head of all the troops defending the capital. Another call for volunteers to serve dur ing the war was made by the President in July, 1862 ; and the next month he called for 300,000 more to serve for three months, adding that an equal number would be drafted from the citizens who were between eighteen and forty-five years of age if they did not appear among the volunteers. A hearty response was given to these calls. The Confederate Government saw that it must do something at once or its cause would be lost, so General Lee was ordered to make a strong effort without delay to capture Washington before the new army should be brought into the field. Union flags were ordered to be hauled clown. This order was obeyed by every one except a patriotic old woman named Barbara Frietchie, and the national ensign was flying from her window when Stone wall Jackson, with the advance .of Lee s army, approached. Jackson ordered his riflemen to shoot away the staff. As the flag fell the woman snatched it up and waved it defiantly. Admiring her pluck, Jackson s nobler nature, as Whittier says, " within him stirred To life at that woman s deed and word : Who touches a hair of yon gray head Dies like a dog ! March on ! he said." Upon Lee s evacuation of Frederick the Federals followed him in two columns over the South Mountain into the valley of the THE WAR IN VIRGINIA-GENERAL HOOKER S ARMY MARCHING PAST MANASSAS, VA., JUNE, 1863. and Pope had to go it alone. The Confed erates skillfully drew the latter into an am- ouscade on a part of the former battle ground of Bull Run, not far from Grove- ton, and a most sanguinary conflict was the result. The Federals were badly defeated and were sent flying across Bull Run to Centreville, where they were re-enforced by the troops of Franklin and Sumner. There they made a stand, and Lee, not daring to attack them, sent Jackson on an other flank movement. The latter came upon the Federals, under General Birney, at Chantilly, north of Fairfax Courthouse, and a battle was fought in a cold and drenching rain. It was a severe conflict, and in it Generals Philip Kearny and Isaac I. Stevens were killed. When the night fell the Federals still held the field, but they were broken and demoralized, and soon fled to the shelter of the fortifi- Lee at once formed his plan of opera tions. He crossed the Potomac near the Point of Rocks into Maryland with almost his entire army, and encamped at Fred erick, on the Monocacy, September 7th. His plan was to take possession of Har per s Ferry, so as to open communication with Richmond by way of the Shenandoah Valley, then march toward Pennsylvania, entice McClellan to pursue him, then turn suddenly, defeat the Federals, and march upon Washington. Learning of Lee s invasion of Maryland, McClellan at once set out to drive him back. Leaving General Banks with some troops to defend the capital, he crossed the Potomac above Washington with about 90,000 men, and advanced cautiously to ward Frederick. Lee did not wait to be attacked, but fled at his enemy s approach. When Lee s army entered Frederick all Antietam Creek. The right and centre moved by way of Turner s Gap, Burnside leading the advance ; and the left, com posed of Franklin s corps, by way of Crampton s Gap, on the same range, nearer Harper s Ferry. When Burnside reached Turner s Gap he found a large Confederate force awaiting him, and a des perate battle ensued on September Hth. It continued until dark, when the Confed erates withdrew to join Lee s concentrated forces at Antietam Creek, near Sharps- burg. Burnside lost about 1,500 men, among the killed being the gallant General Reno. Franklin, meantime, had to fight his way at Crampton s Gap into Pleasant Val ley. He succeeded in doing so, and on the evening of September i/j.th was within six miles of Harper s Ferry, where Colonel Miles, a Marylander, was in command of Federal troops. This place was in great J. ~^= -=^-^5*5 - : :<r- --. ^t J GRANT S CAMPAIGN IN VIRGINIA- REPULSE OF LEE S NIGHT A After the fearful battle of Friday, when Grant so gallantly attempted to force the passage of the (, hickahominy and actually carried some of Lee s w Confederate works just by them the words of command. At once all was in motion, every man at his post, the artillery ready to ope As the line appeared, Smith s Brigade of Gibbona i Division poured in a volley which pierced the darkness like a flush of lightninf _ - 11 - - . . ^.,. . v ,,. v , ^r u ,, tij u i i i i - i i i | r i i i i . i 111 ( i i i i 1 I It I I 1 I I 1^1 t* rCC(l the Division of Barlow and Gibbons and the left of Wright s Corps. These gallant fellows welcomed their antagonists prisoners. Ihiarepulie of the Confederates closed the bloody work of the day. which stands tho fiercest action of the war. of the morning, and drove t ON] SMITH S BRIGADE, HANCOCK S CORPS, FRIDAY, JUNE 3D, 1864. nil ilisued, and night was fast coming on in a universal stillness. But, suddenly, when nearly eight o clock, and as twilight was just vanishing, Hancock s [tilling column. They had not long to wait. Over the intervening crest, clearly denned in the gathering darkness, came Beauregard s men, whose last i, <llni they go in the withering storm of bullet, grape, canister and shell ; but they close up and come on. Volley after volley is given, but they press k vi h terrible loss; but so desperately did the Confederates charge that some were killed in the Federal intrenchments and others dragged inside as 474 FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. danger of capture by the Confederates, as they held strong- positions on Maryland and Loudoun Heights, on each side of the Potomac. Franklin therefore immediately started to Miles s aid; but before reaching him the latter surrendered to Jackson, thus depriving the Federals of ar advantage they might have easily had. CHAPTER XII. MCCLELLAN S HESITATION BATTLE OF ANTIETAM CREEK GENERAL BVRNSIDE MADE COMMANDER OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC A BRAVE DRUMMER BOY BATTLE OF FRKDERICKSBURG GENERAL HOOKER SUCCEEDS BURNSIUE THE GUERRILLAS BATTLES OF MUNFORDVILLE, PERRYVILLE, IrKA AND CORINTH. ONCE again McClellan s chronic hesi tancy asserted itself at a critical time and proved unfortunate for the Federals. At dawn the next morning (September 1 7th) Hooker opened the battle of An- tietam by an attack, with about 18,000 men, on the Confederate left under Jack son. Doubleday was on Hooker s right, Meade on his left and Ricketts in the cen tre. Until late in the afternoon the con test raged with varying fortunes. McClel- lan watched the progress of the battle from the opposite side of the Antietam. Gen eral Burnside, with the left wing of the Federals, especially distinguished himself in this battle, holding in check and fight ing the enemy s right under Longstreet, until the latter was re-enforced by General A. P. Hill s division from 1 larper s Ferry. The desperate struggle lasted all day, and ended only because of darkness. Both armies suffered great losses, that of the called for re-enforcements and supplies to enable him to pursue the fugitives. Then, instead of ordering a swift pursuit, he an nounced his intention of holding his troops there so as to be able to " attack the en emy should he attempt to cross into Mary land." Such an astounding declaration was almost too much for President Lincoln, and he hastened to McClellan s headquar ters in person to see what it meant. Being satisfied that the army was in condition to make a successful pursuit, he ordered McClellan to start at once. But that gen eral wasted another twenty days in raising objections to the carrying out of his or ders, so that when he did deign to obey them Lee s arm)- was thoroughly recruited. McClellan had not advanced very far before he decided to disregard the instruc THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON ENGINEER DEPOT, MORRIS ISLAND, S. C. When he followed the Confederates from South Mountain he did so cautiously, pro fessing to believe them to have overwhelm ing numbers, although actually Lee s army then numbered only 60,000, while McClel lan had 87,000. Then, when the Confed erates posted themselves on the heights near Sharpsburg, on the western side of Antietam Creek, he hesitated to attack them until he was placed on the defen sive by a sharp artillery assault. Then he sent Hooker across the Antietam with a part of his corps, commanded by Gen erals Ricketts, Meade and Doubleday ; and they had a sharp conflict with the extreme right of the Confederates under General Hood. The Federals were suc cessful, and at night they lay upon their arms. The divisions of Williams and Greene, of Mansfield s corps, passed over under cover of the darkness and encamped i mile in Hooker s rear. Federals being 12,470, and the Confed erates lost even a greater number. Lee s army, shattered and disorganized, retreated during the night. Had McClellan started a vigorous pursuit at once he might have made the whole Confederate force prison ers of war. But with his usual hesitation and indecision he refused to order a chase until thirty-six hours after the battle. As an excuse for this action he said in his re port : " Virginia was lost, Washington was menaced, Maryland invaded the National cause could afford no risks of defeat." McClellan advanced on September i^ch only to find Lee and his shattered army safe behind strong batteries on the Vir ginia side of the Potomac. He made a weak attempt at pursuit by sending two brigades across the river, but when they were driven back into Maryland and Lee had started up the Shenandoah Valley McClellan en camped at abandoned Harper s Ferry and tions given him to go up the Shenandoah Valley, and instead prepared to move southward on the east side of the Blue Ridge. This was the last straw that broke the back of the patience of the govern ment. He was promptly relieved from the command of the Army of the Potomac, and General Ambrose F. Burnside, of Rhode Island, was appointed in his place, November 5th. Burnside immediately reorganized the Army of the Potomac, which at this time contained about 120,000 men. He decided to bring about the capture of Richmond as early as possible, rather than attempt the destruction of the Confederate army. Mak ing Aquia Creek, on the Potomac, his base of supplies, he tooli measures to place his army at or near Fredericksburg, on the Rappahannock. Lee was at this time on the heights in the rear of Fredericksburg, with about 80,000 men and 300 cannon, so FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTORY^OF THE CIVIL WAR. 475 that when Burnside s army reached the Rappahannock during the second week in December the two opponents lay in paral lel lines within cannon shot of each other, with a narrow river between them. Lee had destroyed all of the bridges that spanned the river in that vicinity, so that there was no way for Burnside s troops to cross except on pontoons or floating bridges. Engineers were put to work on December nth to construct five of these, but the men were driven away by sharp shooters concealed in buildings on the op posite shore. Efforts were made to quell this annoyance by opening a heavy fire upon the town from batteries placed on Stafford Heights, but although many build ings were set on fire by the shells the sharpshooters held their place. Then a party of volunteers crossed the river in nearly five miles long and crowned with field artillery. After a sanguinary battle that lasted until night Burnsides forces, including the troops of Generals Franklin, Couch, Meade, Sumner, Hooker, Howard, Humphreys, Doubleday, Wilcox, French, Hancock, Sturgis and Getty were repulsed with a loss of more than 10,000. The Con federates lost about 4,000. On the night of the 1 5th, under cover of darkness, the Union army crossed the river. Because of dissatisfaction at this defeat, although not the leader s fault. General Burnside, at his own request, was relieved of the command of the Army of the Poto mac, January 26th, 1863, and General Jo seph Hooker, " Fighting Joe," took his place. The army was then reorganized, and many changes and dismissals of officers were made to secure obedience and compe- was moving in the same direction, on a parallel line, to foil them. Part of Bragg s army, under General E. Kirby Smith, managed to get into Ken tucky from East Tennessee, and, after rout ing a Federal force under General M. D. Manson, near Richmond, August 3Oth, pushed on rapidly through the State in the direction of the Ohio River, with the in tention of capturing and plundering Cin cinnati. But Smith s onward course came to a sudden stop when he reached the southern side of the river. There he found impassable fortifications and a large Union force under General Lewis Wallace, who had proclaimed martial law in Cincinnati, Covington and Newport. Smith turned back, and seizing Frankfort, the capital of the State, remained there to await the ar rival of Bragg. THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON ORDNANCE DEPOT, MORRIS ISLAND, S. C. open boats in the midst of a terrific hail of bullets, landed on the other side, and ef fectually dislodged . the sharpshooters. When the party started a Michigan drummer boy named Hendershot, having been refused permission to go along, qui etly slipped into the water and clinging to the stern of one of the boats, was conveyed to the opposite shore. Although he saw several men in the boat shot down and his drum broken to pieces by a piece of shell, he was undaunted. Picking up the mus ket of one of the fallen soldiers, he fought gallantly with the rest. The sharpshooters having been dispersed the pontoons were finished, and on the evening of the i2th the greater part of the Federal army crossed over and occupied Fredericksburg. The next morning the bat tle began with a series of assaults by the Federals upon the enemy s intrenched line, tency. An important change was the con solidation of the cavalry force, which then numbered 12,000. It was also increased and drilled, and was soon in a condition of greater efficiency than it had ever been before. After the Confederate armies had been driven out of Kentucky and Tennessee, and the Union forces withdrawn, several bands of daring guerrillas sprang up in those States, and hovered upon the rear and flanks of the Federal army, or roamed at will all over the country, plundering the Union inhabitants. One of these bands, led by Jchn Morgan, a native of Alabama, raided through Kentucky and prepared the way for the advance of an invading army from Chattanooga under General Braxton Bragg This army made its way toward Kentucky by a route eastward of Nash ville at the same time that General Buell Bragg entered Kentucky by crossing the Cumberland River, September 5th. General J. R. Chalmers, with 8,000 men, was leading the way when, upon his arrival at Munfordville, on the line of the Nash ville and Louisville Railroad, he encoun tered a Union force under Colonel T. J. Wilder. The next morning (September 1 5th) the two forces clashed, and in a bat tle of five hours duration the Confederates were defeated. Wilder s elation at his vic tory did not last long, for two days after another and stronger enemy appeared un der General Polk, and fell upon him with such strength that he was compelled to fly from the field. Bragg then joined Smith at Frankfort and prepared to march on to Louisville. His army then numbered 65,000 men, while Buell, who was following him, had about 60,000. These two armies came together on October 8th near the lit FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. BAXKS S EXPEDITION-EXECUTIVE OFFICER PARKER. OF J lIK UNITED STATES GUNBOAT ESSEX," HOISTING THE NATIONAL STAXDARD OX THE STATE CAPITOL, BATOX ROUGE, LA., ON ITS OCCUPATION BY THE FEDERAL FORCES COMMANDED BY GEXERAL GROVEH, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 17 in. JS(i;i. lie town of Perryville, Boyle County, and a severe battle was fought. All clay it con tinued, and when night set in the Confed erates had had enough of it, and fell back in haste to Harrodsbtirg, and thence out of the State. The Federals suffered in the light to the extent of 4,350 men. The marauding bands that had come with the in vaders had been so successful in their raids that when they retreated they had a wagon train of stolen property fort)- miles in length. A large portion of this had to be left behind. At this time the Confederate army in Northern Mississippi, commanded by Gen eral Beauregard, had advanced toward Ten nessee under Generals Van Dorn and Price. General Gmnt, hearing of this, sent word to General Rosecrans, then commanding the Army of the Mississippi, of the danger gathering west of him. Rosecrans at once moved toward Corinth, and as he did so Price went to meet him. When they met near the village of luka Springs, in North ern Mississippi, September igth, Rosecrans with only 3,000 effective men successfully held the field against Price s 11,000. It was a fierce battle, and ended in the flight of the Confederates southward in great haste and confusion. A stirring incident of the conflict was a desperate hand-to-hand struggle for the possession of an Indiana battery which the Confederates had seized after the horses and 72 of its artillerymen had been killed. The Federal soldiers, al though they fought hard, could not regain their battery, and it was dragged off the field with ropes. Rosecrans captured nearly i ,000 prisoners. Grant had sent re-enforcements under General Ord to Rosecrans, but they did not reach him until the day was won. Gen eral Ord had stopped on his way at a place within four miles of luka, in order to fol low out the instructions given him to wait there until he should hear Rosecrans s great guns. A high wind from the north pre vented the sounds reaching him, and he- knew nothing of the battle until it was over. Rosecrans now gathered his troops at Corinth, knowing that Van Dorn and Price had united their forces and were preparing to attack him. The Confederates, 40,000 strong, moved up from Ripley and began the assault on Corinth, October 3d. For two days the battle raged with great fury. At length the Confederates were driven back and pursued to Ripley. They lost about 9,000 men, including prisoners, and the Federals about 2,300. General Ord, who was then at Hatchie River, attacked a part of Van Horn s retreating army, and was severely wounded. CHAPTER XIII. EFFORTS TO TAKE VICKSBURO BATTLE AT BAIV.S Rorui-: -THE CONFEDERATE HAM "ARKANSAS" EVENTS IN MISSOURI BATTLES AT PRAIRIE GROVE AND LA- HADIEVII.LE SritKKNOER OF GALVESTON BATTLE OF MtTRFBEKSBOBOUGH. IN the spring of 1862 Admiral Farragut was making active preparations for the capture of Vicksburg and Port Hudson, which were then the only obstructions to the free navigation of the Mississippi River. Vicksburg was a particularly important point, as it stood on high ground among the Walnut Hills, on the eastern bank of the Mississippi, and was strongly fortified by the Confederates. Until it could be taken the National Government could not hope to carry out its plans of gaining con trol of the great river. On May jth the Federal forces captured Baton Rouge, the capital of Louisiana, and thus made it pos sible for Farragut to go up the river close to Vicksburg, where, after consultation with the commanders of gunboats in the vicin ity, he opened an attack upon the batteries Then, in order to avoid the guns at the city, he had an effort made to cut a cana 1 across a peninsula in front of Vicksburg; but, failing in this, he ceased his attack and withdrew his vessels down the river. A little later, early in August, a Confed erate force led by General J. C. Breckin- ridge attempted to regain possession of Baton Rouge, then in command of General Thomas Williams. A severe conflict was the result. During the battle the Twenty- first Indiana Regiment, which did splendid work, lost all of its field officers. When General Williams noticed this he dashed up to the regiment, and placing himself at its head, exclaimed : " Boys, your field offi cers are all gone ; I will lead you !" A few minutes afterward he fell dead with a bullet in his breast. His soldiers then fell back, as did also the Confederates. Just after this battle the Confederate ram Arkansas, intended for the destruc tion of all the Federal vessels in the Mis sissippi, appeared above Baton Rouge, ready to carry out its intentions. To pre vent this Commodore Porter, with the gun boats Essex, Caynga and Suintcr, went to meet her. There was a short, sharp and decisive tight. The Arkansas soon became unmanageable and struck the shore, where, her maga/ine exploding, she was blown to pieces. Missouri had become so overrun with guerrillas that in June, 1862, that State was made into a separate military district, with General J. M. Schofield as its com- FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HIS TOR THE CIVIL WAR. 477 mander. With a force of 30,000 men that active and vigilant leader soon dispersed the roaming bands and d ove out the Con federate troops that came into Missouri over the southern border. These troops then gathered in Arkansas under General T. C. Hindman. But Schofield followed them with 8,000 troops under General J. G. Blunt. The latter came across a por tion of Hindman s army at Fort Wayne, near Maysville, on October 22d, and at tacking them fiercely, drove them into the Indian country. Another portion was found on the White River, eight miles from Fayetteville, and they were driven into the mountains by a cavalry force un der General F. J. Herron. These success ful movements resulted in General Blunt receiving the command of the Missouri District, when soon afterward Schofield re tired on account of ill health. Gathering about 20,000 men on tin- western borders of Arkansas, Hindman prepared to make a determined effort to recover Missouri. He started out against Blunt late in November. After attacking and defeating Hindman s advance, com posed of Marmaduke s cavalry, on Boston Mountains, Blunt took up a position at Cane Hill. He then sent for Herron, who was just over the border in Missouri, and the two awaited the approach of Hindman. The latter soon came with 1 1,000 men, ex pecting to deal a crushing blow on Blunt s army ; but the combined Federal forces, in a battle at Prairie Grove, defeated him and drove his troops in confusion over the mountains. Meanwhile vigorous efforts were being made to recover Texas from Confederate rule. Commander Eagle wJfh a small squadron sailed up to Galveston in May, 1862, and demanded its surrender. Meet ing with a prompt refusal, he withdrew, and nothing was done toward its capture until the following October, when the civil authorities of the city surrendered it to Commodore Renshaw. At this time Gen eral Godfrey Weitzel, leading an expedi tion sent out by Butler to gain control of La Fourche Parish, in Louisiana, had a severe engagement with a force of Con federates at Labadieville (October 2/th). He was victorious, and soon afterward the eastern portions of the State, along the borders of the Mississippi, were brought under Federal control. Two months later General N. P. Banks succeeded Butler in the command of the Department of the Gulf. Toward the close of the year 1862 Gen eral Rosecrans, with a greater part of the Army of the Cumberland, composed of troops under Generals Sheridan, McCook, Rousseau, Thomas, Crittenden, J. C. Davis, Palmer, Van Cleve, Wood, Matthews, Neg- ley, Hazen and others, had moved south ward, and on December 3Oth reached Stone River, near Murfreesborough. On the opposite side of the river, within can- nonshot, was General Bragg s army with such good leaders as Generals Kirby Smith, Polk, Hardee, Breckinridge, Cleburne, Cheatham, Withers and Wharton. Bragg had come up from Kentucky by way of Chattanooga to invade Middle Tennessee, and had concentrated his forces at Mur freesborough, just south of Nashville. The next morning, December 3ist, a fearful battle began. Rosecrans advanced to fall upon the enemy s left, while the Confederates had massed and made a dash upon Rosecrans s right, held by General McCook. The latter was soon hard pressed by overwhelming numbers, and sent to Rosecrans for assistance. The reply was : " Tell him to contest every inch of ground. If he holds them we will swing into Mur freesborough with our left and cut them off." But the attack on McCook was too strong to withstand, and as his troops were slowly driven back Rosecrans saw that he must change his original plan and hasten to the assistance of liis right. Meanwhile Sheridan was assailed. The Confederates advanced toward him in a compact mass across an open field. He at once opened three batteries upon them with telling ef fect. They kept bravely on, however, un til within about fifty yards, when Sheri dan s troops, who had been lying in the woods under cover, suddenly arose to their feet and poured such a murderous volley into their ranks that they broke and fled. The Confederates at once sent another division against Sheridan, only to be again repulsed. Three more times he was at tacked, but each time he stood his ground, and the enemy, with terrible loss, at length retired to its intrenchments. On the next day nothing but heavy skirmishing was done. Then, on January 2d, the fight was re newed in terrible earnest. The losses soon became so great that it seemed for a time as if the battle would end only when there were no more troops to fight. At length the Nineteenth Illinois, the Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania, the Eleventh Michigan, the Thirty-seventh Indiana and the Eighteenth, Twenty-first and Seventh-fourth Ohio Reg iments made a simultaneous charge, on the Confederate line and broke and scattered V* A SOUTHERN CARICATURE-" GENERALS WHEELER AND WHARTON FALLING SLOWLY BACK. CONTESTING EVERY FOOT OF THE WAY." 478 FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. it ir confusion. The next night Bragg took his badly smitten army southward to Tullahoma. The Federals lost at Mur- freesborough, in killed and wounded, 8,778, and the Confederates more than 10,000 and about 1,500 prisoners. Great alarm and discouragement were produced among the leaders of the Confederacy and among the people of the South by this crushing blow. It marked the last of a series of failures the Confederates had made in every aggressive movement from Antietam to Murfreesborough. CHAPTER XIV. PROCLAMATION OF EMANCIPATION THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT MAKE A PERM ANENT " ONE ITS PRESIDENT AND CABINET CAPTURE OF FORT HIND- MAN RfNNlNd HY TI1K VlCKSWIKi RATTEKIES GHANT TAKES JACKSON THE SIEOE OF VicKSBruo. WIIKN the war had been going on for almost two years President Lincoln saw that something must be done to abolish the slave system, as through it the Confederacy could call on every available man to tight independent more than three millions of slaves. The Confederacy made its Provisional Government a permanent one early in 1862. Its Provisional Congress expired by limita tion on February i8th, and a new "perma nent " one began on the same day with representatives from all the slave-labor States excepting Maryland and Delaware. The next day Jefferson Davis was declared elected President of the Confederacy for six years. H is Cabinet consisted of J udah P. Benjamin, of Louisiana, Secretary of State ; George W. Randolph, of Virginia, Secre tary of War ; S. R. Mallory, of Florida, Secretary of the Navy ; Charles G. M em- mi nger, of South Carolina, Secretary of the Treasury, and Thomas H. Watts, of Ala bama, Attorney General. Randolph re signed soon afterward, and James A. Secl- don, of Richmond, was appointed to fill his place. As we have seen, the chief object of the Federal forces at the beginning of 1863 his fleet of gunboats, and they all went up the Yazoo River. At attempt was made to capture some batteries which protected the rear of Vicksburg, but after a sharp battle at Chickasaw Bayou (December 28th) Sher man was repulsed and retired to Young s Point and Milliken s Bend, opposite the mouth of the Yazoo River, where the army was concentrated twelve miles above Vicks burg. Grant then took his forces from Memphis down the river to the same place, after convincing himself that the city could not be taken by direct assault. While waiting for Grant, General John A. McClernand, who arrived at headquar ters, near Vicksburg, and took temporary command, captured Fort Hindman, at Ar kansas Post, fifty miles from the mouth of Arkansas River, January iith. The troops were convoyed by Porter s gunboats and rams to within three miles of the fort, where they were landed. Porter then passed up to close range, and a sharp conflict was be- <nm. The fort was soon surrendered with was the capture of Yicksburg and Port 5,000 prisoners. THE WAR IN MISSISSIPPI DEFEAT OF WIRT ADAMS S CONFEDERATE CAVALRY BY THE SECOND WISCONSIN CAVALRY, MAJOR EASTMAN, NEAR RED BONE CHURCH, MISS. against the government without the neces sity of leaving some to till the ground and produce food for the army, the slaves be ing put to that work. So on September 22d, 1862, the President issued a proclama tion in which he said that he would declare the emancipation of all slaves in the States wherein insurrection existed on January ist, 1863, unless the offenders should lay down their arms. This offer to protect the human property of the slaveholders, should they give up their war against the Union, was rejected ; they would make no concessions of any kind. They hoped that the question of emancipation would divide the people of the free States, and thus enable them in the end to secure their much-desired sep aration from the Union. So their resist ance to the National Government became stronger than ever. Accordingly, on the first day of January, 1863, the Proclamation of Emancipation prepared by the President and approved by his Cabinet was promul gated. Thus were declared to be free and Hudson, on the Mississippi River. Lor this purpose General Grant concentrated his army near the Tallahatchie River, in Northern Mississippi. He planned to get to the rear of Vicksburg by capturing Jackson, the capital of the State ; then await the arrival of Sherman, who was to pass down the river from Memphis in trans ports guarded by Porter s gunboats, then up the Yazoo to a point where he could make a junction with Grant s forces. Grant moved first to Holly Springs, where he left a large quantity of supplies ; then on to Oxford, after flanking the enemy drawn up for battle on the other side of the Talla hatchie. While there Grant learned that Van Dorn, with his cavalry, had surprised the regiment guarding the supplies at Holly Springs and effectually destroyed them. This compelled the Federals to fall back to Grand Junction. Meanwhile Sherman, with i 2,000 troops, left Memphis in transports, with siege guns, to beleaguer Vicksburg. At Friar s Point he was joined by Commodore Porter and The following month Porter ran by the batteries at Vicksburg with nearly his whole fleet and a number of transports, which were protected from shot by bales of cotton and hay. These transports were manned by volunteers, which led Grant to say, in one of his reports : " It is a striking feature of the volunteer army of the United States that there is nothing which men are called upon to do, mechanical or professional, that accomplished adepts cannot be found for the duty required, in almost every regi ment." When the gunboats and transports had successfully passed down, on the way at tacking the batteries at Grand Gulf, they stopped at Bruensburg to ferry across the Mississippi Grant s army, which had march ed down the west side of the river. This done, Grant pressed on to Port Gibson, which he captured after a short battle (May ist). Grant then waited five days for Sherman, who had been sent to attempt the capture of Haines s Bluff, on the Yazoo River. FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED tiisTolm OF THE CIVIL WAR. 479 Being unsuccessful in this, Sherman crossed the Mississippi and joined Grant on May 8th. The army then started for Jackson, the capital of Mississippi. On the way they found a large force of Confederates strongly posted in the woods, near the vil lage of Raymond. They were driven out after a battle of three hours, and the Fed erals continued their march. Generals Sher man and McPherson were in the advance, and when they arrived within three miles of Jackson they came upon a Confederate force of i 1,000 men, under General Joseph K. Johnston (May i4th). McPherson at once attacked the main body, while Sherman passed round, flanking the enemy and driv ing the riflemen from their pits. After a short engagement the Confederates fled northward, leaving 250 prisoners and 18 demoralized condition of the enemy, it might be taken that way. But he found it too strongly fortified, and the troops were withdrawn. After a rest of two days Grant decided to make another effort to carry the city by storm. So at ten o clock on the morning of the 2 ad almost the whole army O J moved at an appointed signal and made a dash upon the Confederate works. A ter rible scene took place. The frowning forti fications became almost a mass of flame as they poured forth a deadly fire upon the uncovered troops below. Bravely the army struggled, with terrible loss of life, to gain a foothold where they could stop the mur derous guns. After a time General McCler- nand sent word to Grant that he had won some intrenchments ami wanted help to hold them and enable him to push further man lying across Stout s Bayou, and touch ing the bluffs on the river. Parke s corps and the divisions of Smith and Kimball were sent to Haines s Bluff. For more than a month the siege of Vicksburg continued. Shot and shell follow ed each other in quick succession through out every day. Batteries on land and water sent death-dealing messages into the very heart of the city, playing havoc with the buildings, and driving the inhabitants into the shelter of caves dug into the earth. While the iron hail was dropping on to the devoted citadel Grant s army dug its way nearer and nearer to the city, until it got close enough to undermine one of the principal forts in the line of the defenses on the land side. This was done, and the fort blew up with fearful effect. Meanwhile THE WAR IN MISSISSIPPI MoPHERSON S TROOPS FORAGING AT THE CONFEDERATE GENERAL WHITFIELD S HEADQUARTERS. guns. Grant then seized the capital. He left Sherman there to destroy the war ma terial and public property, while he, with a large force, marched to Champion Hill, where General Pemberton, with 25,000 men, held a strong position. Upon his arrival there Grant decided to w r ait until McCler- nand, with the Thirteenth Corps, could come up, but the Confederates would not wait, and on the morning of May i6th began the battle. The struggle was short and de cisive. Pemberton s troops were driven from the field and fell back to Black River railroad bridge. There they were followed and again defeated, and sent flying in dis order to Vicksburg. The victorious army swept on and closely invested Vicksburg in the rear the next day (May igth). An assault upon the city was &oon ordered, Grant expecting that, in the on. More troops were sent him, and new vigor was put into the assault. But it was a false hope. McClernand had not gained as much as he intimated, and after a little more slaughter the broken army was at length compelled to fall back and abandon the struggle. Grant, feeling that McCler nand had made a grievous mistake in call ing for aid, removed that general from command and put General Ord in his place. Grant now saw chat he could not take the city by storm, and so, with the co operation of Porter s fleet, began a regular siege. He at once sent for re-enforcements, and when these came the investment of Vicksburg was complete. He arranged his forces by placing Sherman s corps on the extreme right, McPherson s next and ex tending to the railroad, and Ord s on the left, with the divisions of Herron and Lau- famine stared in the face of the citizens of Vicksburg. The food was portioned out sparingly, and the people had to eat any thing they could lay their hands on that was at all edible. At las. on July 3d, a flag of truce went up on thi fortifications, and two officers appeared before Grant with a note from Pemberton, in which he suggested the ap pointment of three commissioners to settle upon terms of capitulation. Grant wrote in reply that, as he could not listen to any thing but unconditional surrender, it would be useless to appoint commissioners, and if Pemberton wished the cessation of the siege he could have it by an agreement on those terms. Pemberton then asked for a personal interview, and the two generals met midway between the lines, under a gigantic oak. When Grant repeated that his terms were 480 FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. unconditional surrender Pemberton haugh tily answered : " Never, so long as I have a man left me!" "Then," said Grant, "you can continue the defense; my army was never in a better condition to continue a siege." Not being able to agree, the <nter- view ended with a promise from Graiu *"o consult with his officers, and to let Pember ton know the result by messenger. The Thus ended a short, stirring campaign, the result of which was, as Grant said in his report, "the defeat of the enemy in five battles outside of Vicksburg ; the occupa tion of Jackson, the capital of Mississippi, and the capture of Vicksburg and its gar rison and munitions of war a loss to the enemy of 37,000 prisoners, among whom were 15 general officers, at least io,uoo capturing it." His own loss in killed, wounded and missing he estimated at 8,575. In the meantime General Banks, after an active campaign, in which, as he re ported, he managed to break the Confed erate power in Northern and Central Lou isiana, had invested Port Hudson, then in command of General Frank Gardner. With THE WAR IN TENNESSEE-LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN AND ITS VICINITY, FROM THE POSITION OF THE ELEVENTH ARMY CORPS. terms agreed upon were, that the entire place and garrison should be surrendered, but that the troops would be paroled and allowed to march out of the lines the officers taking with them their regimental clothing, and the t taff and field and cavalry- officers a horse each. This proposal being accepted, the stronghold of Vicksburg, with 37,000 men and a vast amount of ordnance, was surrendered, July 4th, 1863. killed and wounded, and among the killed Generals Tracy, Tilghman and Green, and hundreds and perhaps thousands of strag glers who can never be collected and reor ganized. Arms and munitions of war for an army of 60,000 men have fallen into our hands, besides a large amount of other public property, consisting of railroads, lo comotives, cars, steamboats, cotton, etc., and much was destroyed to prevent our the assistance of Farragut s squadron, the Hartford, Albatross, Monongahela, Rich mond, Essex and Tennessee, and some mor tar boats, Banks began the siege of Port Hudson late in May. Like Grant at Vicks burg, he made two unsuccessful and disas trous attempts to take the place by storm. For forty clays the siege continued. At length the want of ammunition and the fall of Vicksburg made it impossible to hold FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HIS TO JOT OF THE CIVIL WAR, 481 the post any longer, and on July qth Gen eral Gardner surrendered to Banks. The Federals lost during the siege about 3,000 men, ant the Confederates, exclusive of prisoners, about 800. The c ipture of Vicksburg and Port Hudson sent a thrill of joy throughout the North, for in it the people of the loyal States could see signs of the early ending of the war. The loss of these important places would be a blow to the Confederacy from which it could never recover. Grant was hailed as a great general and took a high place in the regard of the people. CHAPTER XV. THE FIRST CAVALRY CONTEST- THE BATTLE OF CHANCELLOKSVILLE DEATH OF STONEWALL JACKSON LEE AGAIN INVADES MARYLAND GENERAL GEORGE G. MEAIU-: SITCEEDS GENERAL HOOKER. AFTER the battle of Fredericks- burg the Army of the Potomac, under General Joseph Hooker, re mained in comparative- quiet on the northern side of the Rappahannock River, near Fredericksburg, for nearly three months. The army numbered about 100,000 men, while General Lee s army, on the other side of the river, numbered but 60,000, as a large force under General Longstreet had been de tailed to watch the movements of the Federals under General Peck, in the vicinity of Suffolk. During these three months nothing but a few cavalry movements disturbed the two armies. Early in February the Federal troops at Gloucester, opposite Yorktown, were attacked by a mounted force under General W. H. F. Lee, and March 8th the federal forces at Fairfax Court house were surprised in the middle of the night by a band of guerrillas led by Colonel Mosby. They dashed into the village, and after taking some prisoners, among them the commander at that place, gal loped away. A little later the first real cavalry contest of the war took place. It was between a body of Federal horsemen led by Gen eral Averill and some mounted Confederates under General Fitz- hugh Lee. They met at Kelley s Ford, on the Rappahannock, and after a severe battle Averill s men were repulsed. When the three months had al most gone with nothing accom plished Hooker determined to put his army in motion toward Rich mond. So, after making an unsuc cessful attempt with General Stoneman s cavalry to destroy the railroads in I ,ee s rear, Hookersent 10,000 mounted troops to raid in the rear of the enemy. Then, while his left wing, under General Sedgwick, en gaged Lee in front, Hooker took 60,000 troops of his own right wing across the Rappahannock, several miles above Fred ericksburg, to Chancellorsville, a small vil lage in a region known as the Wilderness. Hooker made his headquarters there and began to intrench himself. He placed Howard s corps on his extreme right, with Sickles next to him, Slocum in the centre, and Meade and Couch on the left. Lee, instead of being frightened at these preparations and retreating toward Rich mond, as Hooker expected, sent Stonewall Jackson, with a large force, early in the morning of May ist, to strike the Federal army a heavy blow. Hooker s troops went Just after the conflict had ended for the out to meet him, but after a sharp engage- day the Confederates lost one of their most ment were driven back to their intrench- brilliant leaders. In order to make obser- ments. vations toward arranging a plan of battle The next morning, Saturday, May 2d, for the next day, General T J. Jackson Lee sent Jackson, with the whole of the ("Stonewall ) rode, with his staff, over the latter s command, about 25,000 men, to ground in front of the skirmishers. Then, execute a grand flank movement on Hook- as he was returning to the lines in the dark- er s extreme right, where Howard was ness, he was shot and mortally wounded stationed. Jackson cut his way through by one of his own men, who mistook him the tangled wilderness, which effectually and his staff for Federal cavalry, covered his approach, and reaching How- At dawn the next morning (May 3d) the ard s position, suddenly burst from the woods battle was renewed by an attack upon che upon him. Fierce and terrible was the on- troops of General Sickles. The Confeder ates were bravely met by the divis ions of Birney and Berry, supported by forty pieces of artillery. For a time these made a stand against General Stuart, who had taken the place of the fallen Jackson ; but the Confederates, undaunted by the heavy cannonading they re ceived, dashed up at a furious pace and drove Sickles s corps gradually back, and after six hours hard fighting they were pushed from the field to a strong position on the roads back of Chancellorsville. While this battle was being- fought General Sedgwick, with Hooker s right wing, had crossed the Rappahannock on Lee s front, and by a brilliant dash had capt ured the heights of Fredericks- burg. Then, leaving a part of his force to hold these works, he took his main army toward Chancellors ville to join Hooker. Learning of this move, and having Hooker well in hand, Lee at once dis patched an overwhelming force to intercept him. There w;is a severe battle, and Sedgwick was compelled to retreat across the river at Banks s Ford. The troops left on the heights were also attacked and driven over the river. Hooker soon followed, with the rest of the Army of the Potomac, reaching the north side of the Rappahannock in safety on May 4th, while Lee resumed his former position on the heights of Fredericksburg. The loss on both sides was heavy, that of the Fed erals, in killed, wounded and prison ers, more than i 7,000, and the Con federates, about 15,000. Soon after the battle of Chan cellorsville General Longstreet re joined Lee. During his absence he had besieged General Peck in a strongly fortified position, near Suf folk, in Southeastern Virginia, in the hope of driving the Federals from that post, so as to enable him slaught, crushing the Federal column like to seize Norfolk and its vicinity and attack an eggshell, and driving its broken pieces Fortress Monroe. But failing in this, he back upon the remainder of the line. In abandoned the siege and went back to vain did the gallant Howard gallop furi- Lee. ously among his panic-stricken men and With this addition to it, Lee s army was wave his empty sleeve as a banner to them, reorganized into three army corps, com- His column was wrecked, and he could not manded respectively by Generals Long- save it. Back it fell, and Jackson was about street, A. P. Hill and Ewell. Then Lee, to gain the army s rear. But Hooker, tak- made confident by his successes, resolved ing in his peril at a glance, sent his old to invade Maryland again. With this pur- division, then Berry s, to the rescue. Pre- pose in view, he sent his left wing, in senting a solid front to the enemy, it enabled charge of General Ewell, toward the Poto- Sickles and Howard to rally their troops mac, through the Shenandoah Valley, by behind it, and Jackson s victorious course way of Chester Gap, while Longstreet, with was checked. But, regardless of the ter- another large force, moved along the east- rific loads of canister that poured into ern bases of the Blue Ridge. At Wm- their ranks from thirty pieces of artillery Chester the Confederates c?me upon Gen- massed in front of Berry s position, the eral Milroy, with 7,000 Federal troops, and Confederates continued their attack until after a battle drove him across the Potomac late in the evening. to Harper s Ferry. Ewell then crossed the ADMIRAL SAMUEL F. DUPONT. FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. stream and marched rapidly up the Cumberland Valley to with in a few miles of the Susque- hanna, opposite Harrisburg, the capital of Pennsylvania. He was soon followed by the divisions of Early, Hill and Longstreet, and on June 25th, the whole of Lee s army was again in Mary land and Pennsylvania. The Army of the Potomac, which had followed Lee on his right flank, took up a position at Frederick, Md., June 27th. There General in Chief Halleck and General Hooker had a de cided disagreement over some proposed military movements, and the latter was forced to re sign his command of the Army of the Potomac. He was suc ceeded by General George G. Meade, who kept the position until the close of the war. His forces then numbered 100,000 men. Lee now determined to move upon Har risburg and then push on but learning that Meade to FLAG OF TRUCE FROM THE CONFEDERATES FOR A SUSPENSION OF FIRING, TO BURY THEIR DEAD, AT TORT ROYAL, S. C. ately dispatched orders to the different corps to march with utmost speed to Get tysburg, and then started off himself, reach ing the place a little after midnight. Lee also concentrated his forces that night and Philadelphia, was well across the Potomac and was threatening his flank prepared for the great battle of the morn- and rear, he decided to first concentrate his ing. army .it Gettysburg, and then deal such a demoralizing blow upon Meade that he could march on to Baltimore and Wash ington without trouble. Accordingly, Long- CHAPTER XVI. . street and 1 1 ill were ordered to march from Chambersburg to Gettysburg, and Ewell ln>m Carlisle. As the advance of General Hills corps approached their destination they were met by Buford s division of National cavalry, at Seminar) Ridge, July 1 st, and a sharp skirmish took place. Gen eral |. 1 . Reynolds, with the left wing of Meade s army, then came up and hastened to Buford s relief. Hardly had he reached the field before he was instantly killed. His place was taken by General Abner Double- day and the battle went on. General O. (3. Howard now arrived with his corps and took chief command. The Federals at once began to press the enemy back, and seemed to be winning the day, when K well s corps appeared on the scene, outflanking How ard s line of battle. This turned the tide, and Howard was driven off the field to a strong position on a range of hills near Gettysburg, of which Gulp s Hill and Little Round Top were the two extremes of the line, and Cemetery Hill, at the village, was the apex. The Confederates pursued them fiercely, captur ing about 2,500 pris oners, until they reached the ridge of hills, where they were met by such a deadly artillery fire that, struggle as they would, they had to fall back, and the conflict ended with the day. Learning of Reyn- olds s death, Meade at once dispatched General Hancock to the field to find out and report to him the state of affairs. Han cock s information was such that Meade de termined to give bat tle at the strong posi tion Howard had se lected. He immedi- BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG A TERRIBLE CANNONADE LEE S RETREAT A GALLANT CHARGE CAPTURE OF RAP- PAHANNOCK .STATION TlIE ARMY OK THK POTOMAC GOES INTO VVlNTKR QCAKTERS. SOLEMNLY the of July 2cl, 1863, reparations p a great opened around Gettysburg. were being made on all sides tor battle. Troops were coming in from every where to swell the armies, soon to close in mortal combat. Promptly had the divisions of the Arm\ of the Potomac responded to Meade s urgent call, and they were all in their appointed positions by two o clock that afternoon. The Federal line of battle extended for nearly five miles along both sides of the heights from Cemetery Hill, which over looked Gettysburg and the field and wood land beyond. Howard, with the Eleventh Corps, occupied the centre ; next to him, on the right, was Slocum and the Twelfth Corps, followed, across the road, on another hill, by the First Corps ; on the left was the Second Corps, under Hancock, and Sickles s Third Corps. Hill held the centre of Lee s CAVALRY SKIRMISHERS ADVANCING ON THE CONFEDERATE POSITION IN THE PASS OF THE BLUE RIDGE. army, with Longstreet on the right, and Ewell the left. The battle began in the mid dle of the afternoon, when Longstreet made a fierce charge upon Meade s left, commanded by General Sickles. Amid the crash and thunder of artillery the Confederates dashed up sav agely, but in splendid order, and dealt blow after blow, until the whole left wing of the Fed erals was shaken and gradually fell back. Just then the Fifth Corps, under Sykes, came up and re-enforced Sickles. But this did not arrest the on slaught of the enemy ; instead, the terrible fire of the artillery that swept their ranks seemed to make them bolder and fiercer than ever, and they bravely con tinued to force the Federals back. They were at last arrested, but not driven away, by the arrival at the scene of Sedgwick s corps and part of the First. The struggle still continued, with fearful losses on both sides, for several hours. Meanwhile another mighty contest was going on between Swell s, corps and the Federal right and centre under Generals Slocum and Howard. This fight contin ued until ten o clock in the evening, when the Confederates, driven back by Howard, had seized and held the works of Slocum on the extreme- right of Gulp s Hill. The prospect was a very gloomy one for the Federals when the armies rested for the night. They had been pushed back on both the right and left wings; they had suffered great losses, and the soldiers were tired with hurried marches and the hard struggle of the day. But Meade knew that he had a strong position, and as a retreat would be disastrous, he resolved to fight it out right there. At four o clock the next morning the battle was renewed on the right. Ewell attempted to advance from the position he had captured the night before, and Slocum determined not only to prevent him doing so, but to recover his lost ground. I or two hours there was a desperate struggle. Fear lessly the Confederates charged through the smoke and death-dealing balls of artil lery. For a moment Slocum was pressed back, but Wheaton s brigade of the Sixth oeing hurried to his aid, he again advanced. More troops were brought up, and at last Ewell s brave fol lowers were compelled to give up and fall back, defeated in their purpose. Lee now looked for a more vulnerable point to attack, and fixing on the centre, he determined to make a desperate effort to crush it with his artil lery. Bringing forward 145 heavy cannon, he opened a terrific fire upon Cemetery Hill I TM and its vicinity. 1 he Federal great guns, to the number of 100, re sponded, and one of the most fearful can nonades everwitnessed was begun. For two hours the country FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. 483 around shook with the reverberations Then, at four o clock, Lee ordered a grand charge. Gallantly his men obeyed the command. In splendid order they ad vanced rapidly in heavy columns. The steady hail of shot and shell had no ter rors for them ; on they hurried, and even when the Federals, reserving their fire, poured a volley into their ranks that an nihilated their lira line, they still kept on, and dashing over the rifle pits and iip to the guns, bayoneted or drove the winners away. But suddenly their triumph- i it charge was checked. The guns on the western slope of Cemetery Hill opened upon them with grape and canister with such awful effect that what was left of them fled in confusion. At sunset the battle of Gettysburg was over, the Confederates had been repulsed at every point. That night the field presented an awful sight, being erates went up the Shenandoah Valley. After several skirmishes in the mountain passes, the Confederates managed to detain Meade at Manassas Gap in a heavy skir mish, while Lee hastened through Chester Gap, and crossing the Rappahannock, took a position between that stream and the Rapidr.n. When Meade followed Lee re treated and took up a strongly defensive position beyond the Rapidan. Lee now determined to make another at tempt to capture the national capital by turning Meade s right flank to gain his rear, and then going on rapidly to Wash ington. Lee partially succeeded in his flanking movement, and the two armies at once started northward, one with the hope of reaching Washington, the other with a determination to get a position where it could prevent the accomplishment of the other s purpose. After an exciting race, were thus captured. Lee now fell back to a line of defenses on the bank of Mine Run, behind the Rapidan. A few weeks afterward (November 26th) Meade decided to attempt the dislodg- ment of Lee s army. General Warren was sent ahead with a large force, and upon reaching the vicinity of the defenses he, with an escort, made a personal reconnois- sance, in which t\\.;nty of his men were killed or wounded. Then, having made his plans, Warren resolved to make an at tack the next morning; but, losing time in manreuvring in an unknown councry, the day went by with nothing accomplished. Then Meade decided, after hearing War ren s report, to make a general assault on the fortifications at eight o clock the next morning; but at daylight it was found that Lee had entirely changed his lines during the night, and was so strongly fortified as THE WAR IN GEORGIA-THE SIXTEENTH ARMY CORPS FORDING THE CHATT AHOOCHEE AT ROSWELL S FERRY, JULY lOra, 1864. covered with the dead bodies of men and horses. The losses amounted to more than 23,000 men on the Federal side, and about 30,000, including 14,000 prisoners, on the Confederate. So great was the importance of the battle of Gettysburg that the triumph of the Federal army moved the President of the United States to recommend the observance of August 1 5th as a clay of thanksgiving therefor. With the fragments of his shattered army Lee began a retreat toward Virginia on the evening of the day after the battle. He recrossed the Cumberland Mountains and pressed on to the Potomac, pursued by Sedgwick, with the Sixth Corps. Lee managed to hold the Federals at bay until he made ready to cross the nver, which had been swollen by heavy rains, by pontoons and fording. Meade followed him three days later, and marched along the eastern base of the Blue Ridge, while the Confed- during which there were many skirmishes, the Army of the Potomac reached Centre- ville Heights October I5th. When Lee reached Bristoe Station Meade attacked him and drove him back to the Rappahannock ; then, after repairing the railroad which Lee destroyed on his re treat, followed him to Rappahannock Sta tion, where a sharp battle occurred. The place was. protected by several strong forts. On the north side was a fort with two re doubts containing a force of 2,000 men. Toward these the Federals turned their at tention. General Sedgwick directing an as sault by the Fourteenth New York, Fifth Wisconsin and Sixth Maine Regiments. The troops gallantly charged into the rifle pits and forts in the face of a storm of grapeshot and bullets, and after a short hand-to-hand encounter drove back the de fenders, whose retreat was cut off by the Federals sweeping around to their pontoon bridge. More than 1,600 men and 4 guns to make the chances of success extremely doubtful. So Meade withdrew, and the Army of the Potomac went into winter quarters on the north side of the Rapidan. CHAPTER XVII. THE DRAFT RIOTS IN NEW YOKK MORGAN S RAID BRILLIANT EXPLOIT OF GENERAL AVERILL BATTLE NEAR FRANKLIN, TENN. GENERAL STREIGHT S EX PEDITION BRAGG EVACUATES CHATTANOOGA. IN the summer of 1863, feeling the neces sity for a larger force of troops, the Na tional Congress authorized a draft, or con scription, to fill up the ranks of the army, and the President immediately put it into operation. This act met with the opposi tion of the party opposed to Mr. Lincoln s administration. The speeches of the lead ers of this party and the utterances of the press in sympathy with them against the draft so inflamed some of the lower classes in New York city that they rose in a mob and entered upon a riot there on July I3th. 4 8 4 FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. For three days they created a terrible dis turbance. They destroyed the telegraph wires, paraded the streets with horrible cries against the draft, and plundered and murdered the colored people. Innocent men and women were clubbed to death or hanged on the lampposts, and a large orphan asylum for colored children was at tacked and burned to the ground, while the fleeing inmates were pursued and many of them captured, to be cruelly beaten and maimed. Many colored people had to fly for their lives into the country. Finally the police, aided by armed citizens and soldiers from the forts in the harbor, suppressed the insurrection. Fully 200 persons were killed, and property to the amount of at least $2,000,000 was destroyed. It was at this time that John Morgan, the guerrilla chief, made his famous raid through Kentucky, Southern Indiana and Ohio." He went swiftly from village to village, plundering, destroying and levying contributions. His purpose was to give the signal for the uprising of the Secessionists in those States. Rut he was unsuccessful, and was soon captured, with many of his early in April, with about 9,000 troops, for the purpose of seizing that city, and thus be able to go on and capture Nashville. But in the battle that followed with the Federal forces under General Gordon Granger he was defeated, and he retired to Spring Hill. Meanwhile Rosecrans was not idle. In the latter part of April he sent out an ex pedition to Georgia in the hope of taking Rome, where the Confederates had large iron works, and Atlanta, the centre of an important system of railroads. The expe dition was led by Colonel A. D. Straight, and left Nashville in steamers for Fort Donelson, from whence the troops marched over to the Tennessee River and up that stream to Tuscumbia, where they were mounted on horses secured on the way. Then they moved eastward through Ala bama into Georgia, in the rear of Bragg s army. They were getting well on the way to their destination when a body of cavalry, under Forrest and Roddy, set out in pursuit of them. A lively race ensued, and it was ended only by the giving out of Streight s horses and ammunition when he and south and gain his antagonist s rear, when he ^ould be cut off from his base of supplies and be compelled to retreat or give battle. With this plan in view, Rosecrans took the corps of Generals Thomas and McCook across the Tennessee, a few miles below Chattanooga, and went up the Look out Valley and took possession of Lookout Mountain. Then the rest of the army, un der Brigadier General Hazen.was left with orders to so arrange itself that the enem\ would think the whole force was still on the north shore of the river. These orders were so well carried out that Bragg was thoroughly deceived and knew nothing of Rosecrans s movements until the latter was far to the south of him. Bragg immedi ately saw the danger of being cut off from his base of supplies, and at onca broke up his camp and evacuated Chattanooga, pass ing through the gaps of Missionary Ridge to Chickamauga Creek, near Lafayette, ii: Northern Georgia. \\ hen Rosecrans heard of Bragg s retreat his army was scattered. McCook s corps was forty-five miles away up the valley ; Thomas was clown the valley, thirteen jfc ^r v ;-* j: v/^**^^;,^ Mf.V ^V, SIEGE OF CHARLESTON, S. C. FEDERAL SHARPS HOO I K Its APPROACHING FORT WAGNKK JiKKORK THE EVACUATION. followers, in Southeastern Ohio, late in July. The remainder of his band were killed or dispersed. A brilliant exploit was performed by a troop of Federal cavalry, led by General W. \V. Averill, in December, 1863. They were sent to destroy the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad in West Virginia, and so successfully did they conduct the raid that they almost entirely cleared that State of armed Confederates, and serious ly interrupted railroad communication be tween Lee in Virginia and Bragg in Ten nessee. After the battle of Murfreesborough the two opposing armies of Rosecrans and Bragg remained within a few miles of one another until June, 1863. In the meantime- the cavalry forces on both sides were busy. The Confederates, early in February, sent out 4,000 mounted men, under Generals Wharton and Forrest, to capture Fort Donelson. But they failed and were driven back. Then General Van Dorn, with a con siderable force of cavalry, attempted to seize Rosecrans s supplies at Franklin, just below Nashville, in March, but was attacked and defeated by General Sheridan. Van Horn went back to the army, and getting re-enforcements, reappeared near Franklin, was within a few miles of Rome. The pur suers fell upon him on May 3d, and his condition compelled a surrender. Straight and his men were sent to Richmond and confined in Libby Prison, from which he and one hundred other officers afterward escaped by burrowing themselves out. Rosecrans organized the Army of the Cumberland into three divisions, com manded respectively by Generals Thomas, McCook and Crittenden, with the inten tion of moving on to Chattanooga, in Northern Georgia. The march from Mur freesborough began late in June. Bragg left his intrenchments on the line of the Duck River at the same time, and fell back to Tullahoma ; then, finding that Rose crans was coming up and seriously menac ing his flank, he quickly retreated from there toward Chattanooga, closely pursued. Passing over the Cumberland Mountains, Bragg crossed the Tennessee River at Bridgeport, destroying the bridge as he left it The Army of the Cumberland reached the Tennessee late in August, when Bragg was safe in Chattanooga. Rosecrans soon saw that the city was in too strong a posi tion to be taken by a direct attack, so he made up his mind to Bank it by the west miles back ; while Crittenden was on the river, only eight miles from Chattanooga. Rosecrans, supposing the enemy to be in full retreat toward Rome, ordered Critten den to move up the Chickamauga Creek and take position at Gordon s Mill, where the road from Lafayette to Chattanooga crossed, so as to intercept the fleeing army. Just then Rosecrans learned that Bragg, instead of rapidly retreating, had turned about and was preparing to march back or Chattanooga. To save Crittenden, if possible, from destruction by Bragg, Thomas was ordered to march with all haste over the mountain to his support. Bragg learned of this movement, and at once sent General Hind- man to Stevens s Gap, through which Thomas would have to pass, so as to hold the latter and allow Polk to fall on Critten- den s isolated position. For some reason or other neither of these two movements was made, and so Thomas was able to cross the gap, after sending Negley to hold it, and push down the valley to Crittenden s side. McCook was then ordered to join Thomas, and at midnight his columns were in motion. By taking an indirect route down Lookout Valley and across Stevens s FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. 485 Gap he managed to elude a body of Con federates sent to intercept him. Rosecrans now concentrated his army as much as possible, and on the morning of September i gth it stretched along the Chickamauga Creek from Gordon s Mill toward the slope of Missionary Hill, with Thomas on the left, Crittenden in the centre and McCook on the right. Bragg s army was arranged on the opposite side of the creek. CHAPTER XVIII. I ATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA CREEK ROSECRANS DRIVEN HACK TO CHATTANOOGA THOMAS S GALLANT STAND "Give THEM THE COLD STEEL!"- LITTLE JOHN CLEM AND THE CONFEDERATE COLONEL. Chickamauga Creek mornin of September THE battle of opened on the 1 9th, 1863. General Croxton received the bravely for a time they could not long resist the heavy human tide that swept down upon them. Forced back, they wheeled their batteries into new positions and hurled shot and shell into the ranks of their advancing foe. But all in vain. Steadily the Federals advanced, breaking the head of each column as it tried to stop them, and sweeping over everything, until the field was won and the Confederates had been driven back nearly a mile. While the battle was raging on the left the Federal centre was assailed by Polk and Hill with such ardor that it was quickly forced back and was about to break in con fusion when General J. C. Davis, who was on the right, came up and stemmed the current for a moment. But fresh Confed erates immediately appeared and rushed in great haste, charged furiously upon the Confederates. The two armies now stood face to face without either side having much of an advantage. But Bragg had been foiled in every attempt to break Rose- crans s line, and at nightfall he withdrew to prepare for another struggle on the morrow. The Federal army rested uneasily that night. It had suffered great losses during the day and nothing had been gained. Al though the troops were tired out by the struggle, and thirsty, because of having been driven from Chickamauga Creek to a place where there was no water, they knew they would have to fight out the battle in the morning. But they had the satisfaction of knowing that only their indomitable bravery had saved their army from total defeat. SIEGE OF CHARLESTON THE DOOMED CITY FIRED BY GILLMORE S EXPLOSIVE SHELLS FROM FORT PUTNAM, JANUARY 3o, 1864. first blow. He had been sent with his brigade from the Federal left toward the river to reconnoitre, when the Confederates opened the attack upon him. The divisions of Brannan and Baird were at once dis patched to the assistance of Croxton, but so severe was the assault that they soon fell back toward the centre, and Bragg seemed to be rapidly gaining his purpose to strike at the whole line from left to right to find the weak spot and break through, when Thomas came up, and, rallying the broken divisions of Brannan and Baird, hurled them upon the enemy. Then drawing all his columns into position again, Thomas ordered the whole line to advance. Pre senting a solid, determined front, the troops marched out steadily and firmly, and" al though Longstreet s men stood their ground into the fray so fiercely that the Federal line was parted in the middle, and the assailants pushed on into the gap thus made. For a moment it seemed as if they had gained the day ; but Thomas came up just then, and while Hazen held the enemy in check, Wilder s brigade dashed up and drove the advancing columns back. But only for a brief spell ; they soon rallied, and with re-enforcements again came on, forcing Wilder, in turn, to fall back. His retreat, however, was stopped by the arrival of Sheridan, who, with Bradley s brigade, turned the tide again in favor of the Fed erals. Then Bradley found himself giving way under an attack that, beginning at the extreme Federal left, had drifted rapidly down the line ; but he was saved by Negley and Wood, who, coming down the stream The Confederates, too, were unhappy over the result of their day s work. Their gallant struggles to get past the Federal line and recover Chattanooga had come to naught, and they must repeat their efforts the next morning. But the gloom that settled upon their camp was somewhat dis pelled by the appearance in the night of General Longstreet, with the balance of his corps, that had been sent by Lee from Vir ginia to the assistance of Bragg, so that the latter s army was increased to 70,000 men, while Rosecrans had but 55,000. The next morning, Sunday, September 2oth, the battle broke out again with a fierce attack upon Thomas s position. The Confederates made a gallant, determined charge, and although part of Thomas s line was protected by a rude breastwork, from 486 LESLIES ILLUSTK.\rEl> HISTORY OF THE LlllL \\AK. which poured an incessant stream of bullets, tlu-y pushed on, rapidly tilling the places of those who fell under the hot fire. As column after column melted away fresh troops sprang forward, their leaders being determined to put out the fire at any cost. Thomas was soon so hard pressed that Rosecrans sent Negley to his aid, filling the latter s place with Wood, of Critten- den s division. The Confederate generals then urged the men on to a last desperate assault. So well did they respond to the appeal that, reckless of death, they dashed up into the very mouths of guns and cannon and broke the s olid columns in front of them and hurled them back. In vain did Thomas try to prop up the tottering columns with his presence and appeals; one by one they crumbled until the whole wing fell back in disorder. As they retreated Thomas hastily sought another position, and finding it, managed to rail) the troops behind it, and another stand was made. Rosecrans now ordered Wood to le:ave his position in the cent re and join Reynolds, who was the hardest pressed in Thomas s line. To do this Wood had to pass around in the rear of Brannan, who stood between the good position of Thomas and his well- directed, incessant fire were too much for even the bravest man. and the Confederate charge was checked. Falling back, they decided to assail the Federals on their flanks. In one dark mass they suddenly swung round on to Thomas s right and poured through the gorge in his rear. Thomas shuddered. All was up with him. In a few moments they would all be killed or captured, for he had no force to check the onslaught on the right and rear. But just at the critical moment General Granger, who had heard of the peril of Thomas and moved to his support from his position three miles away, arrived with the brigades of Mitchell and Whittaker, under the com mand of Steedman. Not a second too soon did they arrive; Hindman s troops were al ready shouting a victory, when Steedman, seizing the regimental colors, led the two brigades in a gallant charge against them. Like a cyclone they swept down upon the conquering foe and blew it from the ridge. Once more the Federals were secure in their position. Hindman s troops were rallied at once, and charged again upon the riol"x-, only to be driven back by the deadly O * * " come separated from his companions, after taking part in the thickest of the fight, and was running to join them, with his musket on his shoulder, when a Confederate colonel saw him and shouted: "Stop, you little- Yankee devil i" The boy came to a stand still and waited for the colonel to ride up. As he did so young Clem swiftly brought up his musket, and taking aim, shot the colonel dead. The boy escaped, and was rewarded for his achievement by promotion to a sergeancy. CHAPTER XIX. ROSECKANS S Sui l LlKS Cl T ( )l I llliANT IS COMMAND OF THE MlLITAHY DIVISION or THE MISSISSIPPI CAW- UKE OF BHOWN S FEHHY KNOXVILLE BESIEGED BATTLES OF LOOKOUT MAINTAIN AND MISSIONARY RlDOE. WHKN the Army of the Cumberland fell back to Chattanooga after the fierce battle of Chickamauga its position soon became precarious, for the Confederates by arrang ing themselves upon Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain, which commanded the Tennessee River, managed to effectually cut off all its supplies from that direction. Then by a raid they destroyed several hundred wagon loads coming from other THK \VAH IN VIRGINIA HOSPITAL SCKNK A FT Kit THK BATTLK OF BRISTOK STATION. him and Reynolds. Always on the lookout lor a weak spot in the Federal line, the Confederates, quick as a flash, saw the gap made by the departure of Wood, and with out a moment s delay sprang into it. Davis, wh moved quickly from the right to pre vent this, was swept aside without cere mony, while those on the left of the gap shared the same fate. Sheridan, who had come from the right, rallied his troops and for awhile stood his ground obstinately against great odds. But the Confederates swept everything before them. Rosecrans himself and McCook and Crittenden were all borne backward, unable to breast the tide, and their troops fled to the shelter of Chattanooga. Thomas s left wing was now left alone on the field, and he determined to make a stand and save the army if possible. Gath ering his broken ranks on a semicircular ridge, he poured volley after volley from cannon and muskets into the masses of Confederates, who, flushed with their vic tory on other parts of the field, bore down upon him with great fury. Bravely the l-fderals stood their ground, and bravely their enemies rushed to the attack. But tire. Again and again they returned to the attack. Then they tried an advance upon the left, but were routed by a bayonet charge led by Reynolds. The day was now fast closing, and the Confederates rallied for a decisive blow. Thomas s ammunition was exhausted, and he had nothing to stop this last assault except the bayonet. So when the foe came on and reached striking distance he shouted "Give them the cold steel !" Forgetting their weariness, his men sprang forward and charged so quickly and steadily that the Confederates turned and fled, and the left wing of Rosecrans sarmy was saved. The next night Thomas withdrew from the field and joined the balance of the army, which had fallen back, defeated, to Chattanooga. The victory ol the Confed erates at Chickamauga cost them about 21,000 men, killed, wounded and taken prisoners. Rosecrans lost about 19,000, or nearly one-third of his splendid army. Be sides this, he lost 36 guns, 20 caissons and 8,450 small arms. One of the many incidents of the battle was the exploit of a little twelve-year-old volunteer named John Clem. He had be- directions, and seriously damaged the rail road between Stevenson and Nashville, so that it seemed for a time as if all the com munications of the Federal army would be destroyed and a retreat become inevitable. But the National Government determined to hold Chattanooga, and at once took measures to relieve the distress of the troops there. The Armies of the Cumber land and theTennessee, constituting the Mil itary Division of the Mississippi, were con solidated, and General Grant was made commander in chief. When he arrived at Chattanooga Grant made General Thomas the leader of the first-named army, and General Sherm n of the latter; Rosecrans having been ordered to St. Louis. In order to prepare the way for an attack upon the Confederates position on Look out Mountain it was found necessary to gain possession of Brown s Ferry, three miles below the mountain, and thus make possible a lodgment on the south side of the Tennessee River. After a reconnois- sance by Grant and Thomas, the chief engineer, General W. F. Smith, was sent \vith 4,000 men to seize it. On the night of October 27th 1,500 of the men, spe<;ialK / RANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. 487 picked out and led by General Hazen, were placed in pontoons and flatboats and pushed out into the stream, down which they drifted without *he aid of oars, around Moccasin Point, in front of Lookout Mount- iin. They soon made a landing, and while h .he boats were.- rowed across the river to a point where stood the balance of the 4,000 troops, who had secretly marched thither by land, a strong position to resist the now alarmed enemy was secured. When the AMole force had disembarked the Confed erates retreated up the valley, and the Federals took the opportunity of building a pontoon bridge that soon spanned the river was at once detached to charge the heights while the other kept on toward Geary. Another brigade, under Orlan Smith, from Steinwehr s division, which just then came up, was ordered to carry a hill in the rear of Schurz. They did so with the bayonet, after two desperate charges in the face of a fire from nearly 2,000 muskets and up a steep slope covered with underbrush and lined with gullies and ravines. Geary had a severe struggle against over whelming numbers, but being re-enforced, and the men being cheered by the presence of Hooker in the most critical places, the Confederates were at length driven away self in that city, and at the middle of No vember was regularly besieged there by Longstreet. The siege continued until the close of the month, when the arrival of Generals Granger and Sherman, sent to Burnside s relief, drove Longstreet into a rapid retreat toward Virginia. Grant now determined to take advantage of Longstreet s absence by an attack upon Bragg. So, ordering Hooker to attack Bragg s left, on Lookout Mountain, Sher man was directed to cross the Tennessee, above Chattanooga, and strike Bragg s right, on Missionary Ridge. Hooker moved rapidly on the morning of Novem- -ft : U ^i J*L/- i^/fmm THE WAR IN MISSISSIPPI GENEEAL McPHERSON DRIVING THE ENEMY FROM THEIK POSITION ON THE CANTON ROAD, NEAR BROWNSVILLE. and opened a way for re-enforcement and supplies. Hooker, who was at Bridgeport, was now ordered by Grant to advance to Lookout Valley and menace Bragg s flank and pro tect the passage of supplies up the Ten nessee. He started off at once and took up a position at Wauhatchie, from which the Confederates attempted to dislodge him before daylight on the morning of October 29th. The attack opened against Geary s division, and he was soon so hard pressed by overwhelming numbers that Hooker ardered Schurz s division of Howard s corps :o his aid. On the way this division was surprised by a sudden fire of musketry from ihe hills near by. A brigade under Tyndale to the shelter of Lookout Mountain, after a three hours battle in the darkness. During the contest about 200 mules, panic- stricken by the noise of the guns, dashed into the Confederate ranks, and the men, supposing it to be a charge of Hooker s cavalry, fell back in confusion for a mo ment. Meanwhile General Burnside was mak ing rapid progress in his efforts to expel the Confederates from the Valley of East Tennessee. He had taken possession of Knoxville, and was about to move on and join Rosecrans at Chattanooga, when, just after the battle of Chickamauga, Bragg sent Longstreet to the valley to recover Knoxville. Burnside then intrenched him- ber 24th. With skill and celerity he fought his way up the steep, rugged sides of the mountain. For awhile he seemed to the on-lookers below to be above the clouds, as a thick mist concealed his men from view. "At this juncture," said an ey< witness, "the scene became one of most exciting interest. The thick fog, which had hereto fore rested in dense folds upon the sides of the mountain, concealing the combatants from view, suddenly lifted to the summit of the lofty ridge, revealing to the anxious gaze of thousands, in the valley and on the plains below, a scene such as is witnessed but once in a century. General Geary s :olumns, flushed with victory, grappled with the foe upon the rocky ledges and !jk i .. , :." : x - .-5 SJEGE OF PKTKKSliUKU-TUE Nl.NTH CUKPS CHAK<il\<; > N il linmcdiat.-ly afti-r tlu- .-xplosion of the mine a hundred cannon opened along the Federal front r,d at half-u ist five I wh eh" 1 " 1 "! h C ^r /T u a Sh rt disU ?^ 1>eymld tl ; <> f rt and rest " d holdin/ground with the utmost deterSt pn It ch would have decided the contest The troops advanced in jr ( ,od order as far as the first line, where they receive! a g* in the fort, and the remainder running to the rear as fast as possible. They were rallied and again pi AFTEK THK EXPLOSION OF THE MINE, JULY auiH, lm. charged carrying the fort with a part of the line on each side. The Second Division, which was in the centre advir ed Colored Division, under General White, was pushed forward and ordered to charge and carry the crest of the hi] I pecked them, and although quite a number kept on advancing, the greater number seemed to become utterly demoralize \ Without lll~r-f>BC thf rri-<sa(-*t- f^at-f /-.f tka. ^.ffi^^ . U _. 1-11 r _J_J 490 FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORS OF THE CIVIL \\ AR. drove him hack with slaughter from his works. While the result was uncertain the attention was breathless and painful; but vhen victory perched upon our stand ards shout upon shout rent the air. The whole army, with one accord, broke out into joyous acclamations. The enthusiasm of the scene beggars description. Men were frantic with joy, and even General Thomas himself, who seldom exhibits his emotions, said involuntarily. I did not think it possi ble for men to accomplish so much !" The Confederates that night fled down the northern slopes to the Chattanooga Valley and joined their commander on Missionary Ridge. Sherman, having crossed the Tennessee River, was now in a position on the north ern end of the ridge, and soon after dawn on November 25th the attack on Bragg^s concentrated forces began. Sherman s troops had to descend to a deep valley before climbing the hill upon which the enemy was perched. Corse, leading the ad vance, gained a foothold on the side of this hill, and others quickly followed amid a a shout and a dash they sprang up and over into the deserted ditch beyond. Then up the ridge they climbed. Slowly, but stead ily, they ascended the steep, rocky slope, while from above rocks and stones and shells with lighted fuses were rolled down upon them. Grant, from a commanding eminence in front of the ridge, known as Orchard Knob, which Thomas had capt ured and fortified two days before, watched his army rise slowly upward, and with intense anxiety saw the murderous work of shot and shell hurled against it. At last the brave soldiers reached the summit and dashed over the batteries, and with loud cheers drove Bragg and his army into hasty flight. They were pursued as far as Ringgold, when after a sharp engagement the Confederates fell back further, to Dalton. The Federals then returned to Chattanooga, and Sherman went to the relief of Burnside. The Federal loss in the battle of Missionary Ridge was about 4,000, while the Confederates lost about 3,100 in killed and wounded, and a little more than 6,000 prisoners. Sumter and Charleston was planned. It was arranged that Fort Wagner, on Morris Isl and, should first be seized, then its guns used in r-ilencing Fort Sumter and in destroying Charleston, if that city was not surrendered. As Dupont did not approve of this plan he was relieved early in July by Admiral John A. Dahlgren. The expedition started July luth. Gen eral Alfred H. Terry was first sent with a force to James Island to attract the atten tion of the Confederates, while Gillmore suddenly landed a large number of troops on Morris Island, and forced the Confed erates there, with the aid of batteries on Folly Island, to the shelter of Fort Wagner. After doing this Gillmore planted batteries across the island. Then on July nth his forces made an attack on the fort, but being repulsed, a simultaneous bombard ment by sea and land was determined on. On the 1 8th a hundred great guns opened on the fort from Dahlgren s fleet and from the land batteries. At sunset the same day Gillmore s forces, which had been re- enforced by General Terry joining him IP? HE WAK IN LOUISIANA BATTLF. OF MANSFIELD, BF.TWKEN GENF.KAL BANKS AND GENERAL DICK TAYLOR, APRIL STH, 184. terrific fire. Nobly they tried to reach the lofty heights above, and brigade after brigade was brought to their aid, but in vain. The deadly shot and shell kept them back, although they held stubbornly to their position. All morning the "battle raged furiously at this place. Bragg, think ing, from Sherman s brave stand, that Grant intended to crush the Confederate right at any cost, withdrew his troops from the centre to use them in aiding the defense against Sherman. This movement Grant had expected and hoped for. Hooker, who had hurried down from Lookout Mountain alter his victory there, was im mediately dispatched, with three divisions under General Granger, to climb the decliv ities in front and attack Bragg s left. As they moved in steady columns toward the frowning heights the artillery all along the in->t of the ridge opened and poured a decimating fire through the ranks. Still onward they marched without flinching. Reaching the mountain, they came face to face with a long line of rifle pits that sent forth a continuous shower of destructive bullets. But this did not stop them. With CH. \PTKR NX. A ITEMPTH TO TAKF-: FOKT SOMTKK ASSAULT ON FOKT WAGNER DEATH OF GENERAL, STRONG AND COLONELS SHAW AND PUTNAM A MONSTER GUN BOMBARD MENT AND DESTRUCTION OP FORT SUMTER DESOLA TION op CHARLESTON. t IN the spring of 1863 the National Gov ernment determined to make a strong effort to gain possession of Charleston, S. C. The most formidable barrier to the accom plishment of this purpose was Fort Sumter, so on April 6th Admiral Dupont was sent with nine monitor vessels and five gunboats to attack that stronghold. At the same time General Truman Seymour was sent to co-operate with him with a force of 4,000 troops, who took a masked position on Folly Island. But the expedition came to naught, as the guns on Sumter and the adjacent batteries opened such a terrific- concentrated fire upon Dupont s fleet that he was driven back to the ocean after losing one of his ironclads, the Keokuk. When, two months later, General Quincy A. Gillmore succeeded General Hunter in the command of the Department of tin- South, another expedition against Fort from James Island, moved in two columns to attack Fort Wagner. One column was led by General Strong, the other by Colonel H. L. Putnam, acting as brigadier. Strong s brigade, composed of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts (colored) Regiment, undei Colonel R. G. Shaw, the Sixth Connecticut, Forty-eighth New York, Third New Hamp shire, the Seventy sixth Pennsylvania and Ninth Maine, led the assault. Dashing forward on the double-quick, the troops passed through an awful storm of shot and shell from Sumter, Cummings Point and Wagner, on toward the fort, without flinch ing. They soon gained the clitch before it, and crossing this, they were mounting the parapet, when Colonel Shaw, waving to his men, fell dead. The fire from the garrison then became so hot that every commanding officer was killed or wounded, Strong being among the latter. So the brigade, torn to pieces, beat a hasty and disordered retreat. Colonel Putnam s brigade now advanced and dashed into the same terrible storm of iron hail. They gained the ramparts, and in a fierce hand-to-hand encounter managed to get their feet into a portion of the fort ; LESL/E S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OI^IfE CIl IL WAR. 49 but the brigade was shattered and ex hausted, and when Putnam fell mortally wounded it broke and fled back to the in- trenchments, leaving the beach strewn with the dead and dying. The Confederates, having a special hatred for Colonel Shaw because he commanded colored troops, pitched his body into a hole with a lot of his negro soldiers. General Strong was so badly wounded that he died shortly after ward in New York. Gillmore now saw that he could not capture Fort Wagner by direct assault, and so began a regular siege. At the same time he decided to bombard Fort Sumter over the top of Wagner. For this purpose he had to construct a battery in a morass halfway between Morris and James Islands and the platform put up six 2oo-pounder Parrott guns and one monster 300- pounder were mounted upon it. This latter gun was called the "Swamp Angel" and sent shells into Charleston, five miles away. One of these struck St. Michael s Church and destroyed a tablet containing the ten commandments, leaving only two of them visible, one of which was: "Thou shalt not kill." On August i jth the bombardment began by an attack by the batteries and fleet upon Fort Sumter. All day long it was kept up, and so terrific was the fire directed against it that by night the walls began to crumble. In the meantime Gillmore s land troops pressed toward Fort Wagner, gradually- moving their parallels nearer and nearer, attempt the capture of Charlestop, its im portance as a commercial mart was de stroyed. Here is a picture of the condition of the city at the time, given by a Southern paper : " Here and there, a pede-trian moves hurriedly along, and the rattle of a cart or a dray is alone heard for a whole square. The blinds are closed ; vases of rare exotics droop and wither on the lonely window sill, because there is no tender hand to twine or nourish them. The walk glis tens with fragments of glass, rattled thithc r by the concussion of exploding shells ; here a cornice is knocked off; there, is a small round hole through the side of a building; beyond, a house in ruins, and at remote intervals the earth is torn where a shell ex ploded, and looks like the work of a giant THE WAR IN TENNESSEE CONFEDERATE MASSACRE OF FEDERAL TROOPS AFTER THE SURRENDER AT FORT PILLOW, APRIL 12TH, 1861 by driving piles into deep mud and placing a platform upon it. When Gillmore ordered a lieutenant of engineers to attend to the construction of this battery the latter told him such a thing would be impossible. " There is no such word as impossible," said Gillmore. "Call for what you need." The lieutenant at once made a requisition on the quartermaster for "one hundred men eighteen feet high to wade in mud sixteen feet deep." But although this req uisition could not be honored the redoubt was built by bringing timber for the piles from Folly Island, a distance of ten miles, in rafts. The rafts were floated to their places at night, and the piles driven into the mud ur.Jer cover of the darkness, so as to keep the enemy in ignorance- of the movement. For two weeks the wOiK was carried on, and when it was completed and digging their way, in spite of shot and shell, into the fort. When, at last, on September 6th, they were near enough to get within the ramparts by a single bound, and they were preparing for a sudden assault, the Confederates left it and fled to Fort Gregg, on the point opposite Sumter. The enemy was soon driven from there, and Morris Island was in the hands of the Fed erals. Its guns were now directed against Fort Sumter and it soon became silent. But when on the night of the 8th an armed force went from the ships in small boats to take possession of it the garrison suddenly arose from its silence and drove the assail ants back with great loss. A little later (October) Gillmore concentrated his heav - est guns upon it and reduced it to a heap of ruins. Although the Federals did not at once in search of some hidden treasure; and little tufts of bright-green grass are spring ing up along the pave, once vocal with the myriad tongues of busy trade." CHAPTER XXI. MASSACRE AT LAWRENCE, KANS. A HORRIBLE SCENE CONFEDERATE ATTACK ON HELENA GENERAL STEELE TAKES LITTLE ROCK ATTEMPT TO CAPTTSRE SABINE PASS GREAT BRITAIN IGNORES THE CONFEDERACY GRANT MADE LIEUTENANT GENERAL. DURING a part of the year 1863 the Con federates, having reoccupied Texas, carried on a sort of guerrilla warfare in Arkansas and Missouri. In January Marmaduke fell upon Springfield, Mo., but being repulsed with a loss of 200 men, went back to Ar kansas. Then at Little Rock he got together 8,000 men and invaded Missouri again for the purpose of seizing the Federal stores at 492 LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTORY O/< 77 W CIVIL WAR. Cape Girardeau, on the Mississippi. His raid, however, was checked by General McNeil, who attacked him at the Cape on .April 2oth and drove him out of the State. Other similar bands roamed over the west ern borders of Arkansas. On July i;th there was a sharp battle at Honey Springs, in Indian Territory, between a large force of Confederates, fed by General Cooper, and Federal troops under General Blunt. Cooper was defeated and part of his force fled into Northern Texas. Guerrilla bands made much trouble in Blum s rear. One of them, led by a brute named Quantrell, committed a horrible atrocity at Lawrence, Kans. With a band of about 350 mounted men Quantrell dashed into the defenseless town on August i^th and began a scene of pil lage and violence equaled only by the worst Indian atrocities. Houses were broken into anil set on tire and the citi zens cruelly murdered. Germans and negroes especially suffered, they being shot on sight. The people were taken prisoners and hurried toward the river to be killed. One man who was captured and whose the dead bodies pieces of roasted flesh would remain in our hands. Soon pur strength failed us in this horrible and sick ening work. Many could not help crying like children. Women and little children were all over town, hunting for their hus bands and fathers, and sad indeed was the scene when they did finally find them among the corpses laid out for recognition. 1 can not describe the horrors ; language fails me, and the recollection of the scenes 1 wit nessed makes me sick when I am compelled to repeat them." Quantrell soon afterward ( October 4th) attacked General Blunt near Baxter s Springs, on the Cherokee Reservation, while the latter was on his way, with an escort of 100 cavalry, from Kansas to Fort Smith, which he had taken possession of and garrisoned the previous month. In the conflict that ensued nearly all of Blunt s little force were killed, as those who were only wounded at first were set upon and murdered. Blunt managed to escape with about a dozen of his men to Little Fort Blair. A few months before this General Price, and a premature attack by the gunboats, two of the latter the Clifton and the Sackem were disabled and captured with all on board, so that the expedition was a failure. Banks then concentrated his land forces on the Atchafalaya, in the hope of being able to enter Texas from the east by way of Shreveport, on the Rtd River ; but he soon afterward concluded instead to try to obtain possession of the coast harbor of that State. Sending a large body of troops, under General C. C. Washburne, across Louisiana toward Alexandria, as a feint, Banks dispatched General Dana with 6,000 more troops and some war vessels up to the Rio Grande These soldiers landed, and after driving a body of Confederate cavalry up that river, pressed on to Browns ville, opposite Matamoras, where they en camped, November 6th. When the year closed the Federals were in possession of all the strong positions on the coast of Texas excepting Galveston Island and a fort near the mouth of the Bra/os, and all the State west of the Colorado River had been freed of Confederates. The third year of the. Civil War, 1864, THE WAK IN LOUISIANA- BATTLE OF GRAND f OTKAU CAPTURE OF THE SIXTY-SEVENTH INDIANA BY MOUNTED INFANTRY. NOVEMBER :ST>, 1HIW. THE TEXAS house was burned was told that if he would give the fiends his money he would not be killed ; but when he procured his sav in<rs of years from the burning house and handed them over he was shot dead from behind. In another place a man was found protected by his wife and daughter, who threw their arms around him and begged for his life; but one of the ruffians deliber ately pushed his revolver between the two women and fired a fatal shot. The massacre was terrible. One hundred and forty unarmed men were killed and twenty-four wounded, while one hundred and eighty-five buildings were laid in ashes before the fiends left and made their escape. The horrible scene after Quantrell s de parture is thus described by one of the citizens : " I have read of outrages com mitted in the so-called dark ages, and, horrible as they appeared to me, they sink into insignificance in comparison with what 1 was then compelled to witness. Well- known citizens were lying, completely roasted, in front of the spot where their stores and residences had been. The bodies were crisp and nearly black. We thought at first they were all negroes, tiU we recognized some of them. In handling with S.ooo Confederates, made an attempt to capture the strongly fortified post of Helena, on the Mississippi, in Eastern Arkansas, then in command of General Steele. Price attacked the place on July ^d, iS6}, but after a sharp battle was re pulsed with heavy loss. As the Confeder ates then abandoned that section of Ar kansas, General Steele, on August loth, started out with i 2,000 troops and 40 pieces of cannon to attempt the capture of Little Rock. He reached the vicinity of that city early in September, and arranging his forces in two columns, they moved up on each side of the Arkansas River. The Confed erates fled at their approach to Arkadel- phia, on the Ouachita River. General Banks, who was now at New Orleans, determined at the beginning of September to make an effort to recover Texas. He sent General Franklin, with 4,000 troops, to seize the Confederate post at Sabine Pass, on the boundary line be tween Louisiana and Texas. At the same time four gunboats, commanded by Lieu tenant Crocker, were detached from Com modore Bell s Gulf Squadron and sent to co-operate with Franklin ; but, owing to the strength of the batteries at Sabine Pass 1 1 pened encouragingly for the believers in the Union. There were many signs point ing to the early downfall of the Confeder acy. More than 50,000 square miles of territory had been recovered by the I-ed- erals, and there were about 800,000 I ed- eral troops in the field against only half that number of Confederates. The people in the Southern States were no longer will ing to volunteer for the military service, and the authorities at Richmond were get ting desperate. They passed a law declar ing every white man in the Confederacy liable to bear arms to be in the military service, and that upon his failure to report for duty at a military station within a cer tain time he was liable to the penalty of death as a deserter ! Another cause of satisfaction to the defenders of the republic at this time was the action of Lord John Russell, the British Foreign Secretary, in decidedly ignoring the existence of the Confederate States by issuing a notice to the effect that no more vessels should be fitted out in Great Britain for depredating on the commerce of the United. Spates by persons employed by the "sr -called Confederate States." The National authorities determined to FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTORY THE CIVIL WAR. 493 push the war against the enemies of the government with vigor during the year 1864. For this purpose they selected their most vigorous military leader, Ulysses S. Grant, and creating anew for him the office of lieutenant general, placed him in com mand of all the armies of the republic. With a determination to crush the Confed eracy as soon as possible, Grant at once planned a sharp and decisive campaign. He arranged for the capture of Richmond by the Army of the Potomac under Gen eral JNIeade, and for the seizure of the great railroad centre, Atlanta, in Georgia, by General Sherman and his forces. enforcements he expected in the shape of General W. S. Smith with a considerable force of cavalry did not materialize, and he was compelled to give up his plan. After waiting a week for Smith he set fire to Meridian and started for Vicksburg with 400 prisoners and 5,000 liberated slaves. Alarmed by this raid, General Joseph E. Johnston, in command of Bragg s army in Northern Georgia, had sent re-enforce ments to Polk, then in charge of the Con federates in that region, but soon afterward had to recall them to help in defending his own army against a force under General Palmer, which had been sent down from throwing shells with marked effect into the Confederate ranks. Forrest soon found that he could not carry the place by as sault ; so, instead of sitting down to a reg ular siege of it, he sent under a flag of truce a demand for the surrender of the fort, and at the same time took advantage of the cessation of hostilities to move his men up to a position where they could with almost a single bound gain the inside of the works. Bradford s reply being a re fusal to surrender, Forrest s men made a sudden rush, and with the cry, "No quar ter !" sprang over the ramparts. The scene then enacted was so cruel and horrible that . - ~~ " *-" ^ =r ~*~f ^T- *^*>V- i-jT^- JT-n-Tr * - SKETCHES OF ARMY LIFE -WEIGHING OUT RATIONS. CHAPTER XXII. SHERMAN S RAID MASSACRE AT FOBT PILLOW "No QUARTER !" BAXKS S ATTEMPT TO RECOVER TEXAS GENERAL E. R. S. CANBY SUCCEEDS GENEBAL BANKS PRICE INVADES MISSOURI. IN February, 1864, General Sherman at the head of 20,000 troops started on a destructive raid through Mississippi from Jackson to the intersection of important railroads at Meridian. Everything in the way of public property was destroyed. Railroad .racks were torn up, the ties set on fire, and all the stations and cars met on the line of march burned. Sherman s purpose was to push on to Montgomery, Ala., and then, if circum stances favored it, to go southward and attack Mobile. But at Meridian the re- Chattanooga. These two forces met be tween Ringgold and Dalton, in February, 1864, and it resulted in Palmer being driven back to Chattanooga. A few weeks later General Forrest, with a band of inhuman Confederates, made an attack upon Fort Pillow, situated on a high bluff on the banks of the Mississippi, above Memphis. It was garrisoned with 557 men, 262 of whom were colored troops. The attack began on the morning of April I3th. It was vigorously pressed up to three o clock without success, although the Con federates managed to kill the commander of the fort, Major Booth, whose place was at once taken by Major Bradford. The gunboat New Era, Captain Marshall, did good service in the defense of the fort by a committee from the Joint Committee ot-. the Conduct and Expenditures of the \Vai was appointed to investigate the affair. They vividly described the events that took place after the surrender in their report, which in part was as follows : " Then followed a scene of cruelty and murder without a parallel in civilized war fare, which needed but the tomahawk and scalping knife to exceed the worst atroci ties ever committed by savages. The. reb els commenced an indiscriminate slaughter, sparing neither age nor sex, white nor black, soldier nor civilian. The officers and men seemed to vie with each other in the devilish work; men, women and even children, wherever found, were deliberately shot down, beaten and hacked with sabres ; 494 FRAXK LESLJFS ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. ;ome of the children, not more than ten vears old, were forced to stand up and face the murderers while being shot ; the sick md the wounded were butchered without mercy, the rebels even entering the hos pital building and dragging them out to be shot, or killing them as they lay there una ble to off -r the least resistance. No cruelty which the most fiendish malignity could devise was omitted by these mur derers. One white soldier, who was wounded in the leg so as to lie unable to walk, was made to stand up while his tormentors shot him; others who were wounded* and unable to stand were held up and again shot. * * : f One man was de liberately fastened down to the tloor of a tent, face upward, by means of nails dn\cn through his clothing and into the boards under him, so that he could not possibly escape, and then the tent set on tire; .in- other was nailed to the side of a building outside of the fort and then the building set on fire and burned. I hese deeds of murder and cruelty ceased when nighi came on. only to be renewed the next morning, when the demons careful!) sought amono the dead Ivmg about 1,1 ail ^ - directions for anv ot the wounded vet early in 1864. This was to be done by an invasion by way of the Red River and Shreveport. The expedition was to have the co-operation of Admiral Porter, with a fleet of gunboats, on the Red River, Gen eral Steele, at Little Rock, Ark., and a de tachment from Sherman s army. Sherman s troops, led by General A. J. Smith, went up the Red River in trans ports, followed by Porter s gunboats. They captured Fort d e Russy, and on March 1 6th Smith took possession of Alexandria, where he was joined on the 26th by Banks s column, led by General Franklin, which had moved from Brashear by way of Ope- lousas. Banks now took his whole force up the river to Natchitoches, where he met Por ter s vessels. Then he pushed on toward Shreveport, while the lighter gunboats wt nt up the river with a body of troops under T. Kilby Smith. The Confederates were driven as far as Sabine Crossroads, where they made a stand, April 8th, under Generals Taylor, Price and Green. I he advance of Banks s army tried to drive them from this place, but the Confederates s ood their ground so well and fought so desperately, that, even when Franklin s the Red River at Alexandria had become so shallow that to get the fleet past them the river above had to be dammed and the vessels floated down over the rocks on the bosom of the flood that was suddenly set free through sluices. This was done with great skill and industry under the direction of Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Bailey, of a Wisconsin regiment. Upon its accomplish ment the whole expedition pushed toward the Mississippi. Banks now returned to New Orleans, and General E. R. S. Canbx took his place on the field. Steele was prevented from co-operating with the expe dition by a Confederate force at Jenkin- son s Ferry, on the Sabine River, where after a severe battle he was defeated and compelled to return to Little Rock. The failure of this expedition and the expulsion of Steele from the region below the Arkansas River led Price early in the au tumn to plan another invasion of Missouri. Secret societies had been formed in this and neighboring States to aid the Confederate cause and to assist the Democratic party in the election of its candidate for Presi dent of the United States General Mc- Clellan. From these societies Price ex pected he would gain a large number of .- . i - ^^^ THI-: WAI; i\ i.<i ISIANA <;KM:I;\I. FKANKI.IVS AIIMY CIIOSSIM; THK I-HAIIMK IN UXFAYETTK PAHISH. NOVEMBER is, isea alive, and those they found were deliber ately shot." The report was full of other instances of barbarity, but these will suffice to show to some extent the horrible cruelty of Forrest and his men. As to the fate of Major Bradford, the commander of Fort Pillow when it was captured, the evidence given before the committee showed that he was made a prisoner, and while being taken to Jackson, Tenn., was led out into an open ;pace by five of Forrest s men and shot to death. Forrest at once beat a retreat, and troops were sent out from Memphis by General "vriith to intercept him. This force came up with him on June loth, at Guutown. on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, but after a severe battle the Federals were driven back with great loss. Then General A. |. Smith set out with 12,000 men to hunt him up and capture or drive him away. They found him near Tupelo, [une idth, and defeated him, after which they re- f ited to Memphis. Then, soon after- wird, when Smith was in Mississippi with 10,000 men. Forrest flanked him, dashed into Memphis and escaped into Missis sippi. General Banks organized another expe dition to attempt the recovery of Texas in the attack defeated the who lied troops came up and aided against them, they soon FVderals with great loss, wo le n confusion. I heir retreat was covered for awhile by a division under General Emory at Pleasant Grove, three miles from the battlefield. F.mory, after a battle, fell back with the Federals, who continued their retreat fifteen miles further; but being pursued, anotru r battle was fought, .April 9th, at Pleasant Hill. Banks was vic torious, and wished to renew the march for Texas, but on the advice of his associates he fell back to Grand Fcore. on the Red River, where Porter s larger vessels, unable to proceed higher up, were anchored. I o that place the troops under T. Kilby Smith also returned, after some sharp fighting up the river. As food and water could be procured only with great difficulty in that region, it was now determined to continue the retreat to Alexandria. As the river was falling rapidly the fleet had difficulty in passing the bar at Grand Ecore, but succeeded in doing so April i jth. Then the army started off on the 2ist, and reached Alexandria on the 27th. The expedition against Shreve port was abandoned, and the land and na val forces prepared to return to the Misis- sippi River. The watrr in the rapids of recruits upon his entering Missouri. Rut in this he was disappointed. Upon reach ing the State in September, 1864, he found the Secessionists had been frightened and quieted by Rosecrans, then commanding the Department of the Missouri. Price, with General Shelby and 20,000 men, got as far as Pilot Knob, halfway to St. Louis, where, after a severe battle, he was badly beaten by a brigade of Federals under General Fwing. Price was soon afterward driven in disorder westward toward Kan sas by troops under Generals A. J. Smith and Mower;- and late in November he sought shelter in Western Kansas with a very much shattered army. CHAPTER XXIII. KILPATKICK S RAID DEATH OF COLONEL DAHLOREN MOVEMENT OF THE ABMY OF THE POTOMAC BATTLE OK HE WILDERNESS CONFLICT AT SPOTTSVLVANIA DEATH OF GENEUAT, SEDOWICK TEBMBLB Loss OF LIFE. A KEW months before Grant started the Army of the Potomac against Richmond General B. F. Butler, in command of the Department of Virginia and Nort .i Caro lina, sent out an expedition toward that city for the purpose of liberating the Union soldiers confined in Libby Prison and on Belle Isle in thv James River. The ex- FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF" THE CIVIL WAR. 495 pedition consisted of 1,500 troops, foot anil horse, under General Wistar, and 5,000 cavalry.- led by General Kilpatrick, who came from the Army of the Potomac. Kilpatrick started on his great raid on the last day of February. Capturing the entire picket stationed at Ely s Ford, on the Rapidan, without giving the alarm, he dashed on to Spottsylvania Courthouse, which he reached at daylight ; then on to the first linf of the defenses around Rich mond, which he took, and opened an artil lery attack upon the city. The sound of this attack was arranged to act as a signal for Colonel Dahlgren to advance to his aid. The latter, with Colonel Cook and 500 men, had been sent across the James River to go down its south bank and re lease the prisoners at Belle Isle, and then join Kilpatrick in the city. But Dahl gren failed to appear. Lacking this co operation and finding the defenses stronger manded by Hancock ; the Fifth, by Warren ; and the Sixth, by Sedgwick. The army safely crossed the Rapidan, and then started on a march through the dense wood known as the Wilderness, Sheridan commanding the cavalry, leading the advance and pro tecting the immense train of more than 4,000 wagons. The Wilderness extended from Chancellorsville to Mine Run, where Lee s army was intrenched. Lee decided to attack the army while it was on the march through this wooded country. Before the battle opened Warren had reached the Old Wilderness Tavern, ten miles south of where he forded the Rapidan, and Sedgwick was on his right with his line extending down to the river. Grant, learn ing that a battle was to be forced upon him in this unfavorable spot, directed Han cock, who had crossed five or six miles down the river, to hasten forward to Warren and form the left wing. Lee at once attempted Federal line, extending for seven miles through the forest, the battle raged. Han cock s attack was a furious one, and he steadily drove the enemy back for more than a mile. In this struggle General Wadsworth was especially distinguishing himself by leading the charge when he was killed by a ball in the head. Hancock soon lost the ground he had gained. The Confederates rallied, and falling fiercely upon his exhausted troops, forced them steadily back to their original position. Then General Longstreet ar rived on the scene from a forced march of twenty-five miles, and Lee decided to make a strong effort to turn the Federal left. In four lines the Confederates marched up and threw themselves so des perately on Hancock s position that they broke through, and fora moment it seemed as if they would win the day. But Gib bon s division immediately rushed up to THE SIEGE OF PETERSBURG THE FIFTH CORPS AWAITING THE OKDER TO ADVANCE, JULY 30, 1864. than he supposed, and the Confederates in alarm concentrating quickly, Kilpatrick was compelled to retreat. He swung around Richmond to the Chickahominy, and cross ing it, went into camp on the other side. There he was attacked by a heavy force. But he succeeded in repulsing it, and then encamped at Old Church to await the ar rival of the scattered detachments. These all came in during the day except Dahl- gren s command. That officer had been misled by a negro guide, and after a time became separated with about loomen from his main force. They fought their way to within three miles of King and Queen Courthouse, where they were led into an ambuscade. Dahlgren was shot clown, and all but i 7 of his party killed or taken pris oners. The gallant officer was a son of Admiral Dahlgren. The Army of the Potomac began its grand movement on May 4th. It was ar ranged in three corps the Second, coin- to get into the gap between Warren and Hancock, and thus divide the army. But Grant prevented this by sending Mott s division, the advance of Hancock s corps, which just then came up, and the division of Getty, to hold the enemy until the bal ance of Hancock s corps could arrive. This was successfully done, and the line was closed on the left. Then began the battle of the Wilderness, May 5th. It was a strange, hard-fought conflict. The ground was so thickly cov ered with pines, cedars, shrub oaks and tangled underbrush and vines that artillery was almost entirely useless, and although nearly 200,000 men were engaged not a thousand could be seen at one time. The contest raged with great fury until dark ness put an end to it for that day. The next morning at five o clock Sedg wick attacked the Confederates under E well, "and Hancock, on the left, fell upon those nearest him. Then all along the the break and managed by hard fighting to keep the assailants in check. Long- street being determined to effectually turn the Federal left, and Hancock being just as determined not to let him, the two bat tled with terrible ferocity for nearly an hour. All through the Wilderness the struggle went on until darkness again put a stop to it. That night the field presented a dreary, desolate sight. The dead and wounded lay everywhere along the low ridges and slopes and in front of the hastily thrown up intrenchments. Grant spent the night in getting the troops into a new and stronger position, so as to be ready for the enemy if the battle should be renewed in the morning. But the Confederates did not make another attack the next day, and Grant decided they were preparing to re treat. In order to intercept them and cut off Lee s communications with Richmond, Grant ordered a rapid night march to FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. Spottsylvania. The advance started out at ten o clock that night. Hearing of this movement, Lee dis patched Longstreet to the same place, and a race between the two opposing columns took place. Longstreet. knowing the coun- complete destruction of the brigade, one regiment, the First Michigan, losing three- fourths of its number. The troops were falling back in wild disorder when Warren came up. Dashing forward on his horse, he seized a division flag and gallantly ral- line had advanced to within three miles of Spottsylvania Courthouse. On May gth General Sedgwick, leader of the Sixth Corps, went forward to super intend the placing of some batteries. While doing so a bullet whistled -past him. He THE OLD FLAG AGAIN ON HUMTEH RAISED (ON A TEMPORARY STAFF FOIttlFD OF AN OAR AND H. M. liKAGG, OF GENERAL GILLMORE S STAFF, FEJUiUAKY J&TH, 1865. BOATHOOKj BY CAPTAIN try well, took the most direct route, and reached Spottsylvania first. I pon the arrival of Warren s corps, which was in the Federal advance. Kart- lett s brigade, of Griffin s division, was or- (It-red to charge upon the place, as it was not known that I.ong.street had already reached there. The result was the almost lied the men, and with them he held the Confederates in check until the other por tions of his corps arrived Then, with the assistance of the divisions of Crawford and Getty, an attack was made upon the Confederates position, and after heavy loss the first line of breastworks was car ried. By the next morning the Federal d laughed and called out to the nearest en emy in sight : " Pooh, man, you can t hit an elephant at that distance !" The next mo ment a bullet from a sharpshooter hidden in a near-by tree entered his brain, an i one of the best of generals fell dead. Nothing much but sharp skirmishing was one by either side that day. While the FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF <tjtfE CIVIL WAR. 497 armies were preparing for another battle Sheridan took his cavalry on a raid to sever Lee s communications with Richmond. He managed to get into the rear of the Con federates, and at once moved on, spreading destruction in his path, tearing up rail roads,, etc., until he reached the first line of works around the capital. Not being able to get any further, he then returned. The next day, after pouring shot and shell into the Confederate position from daylight to about six o clock in the after noon, ( i rant ordered a grand assault. With cheers and shouts the columns advanced through a fire that swept their ranks at every step. It was a gallant charge, al though useless. The fire was so destruc tive that it was soon found that the works could not lu- taken, and when night fell the Federals had suffered a fearful loss with out having gained anything 1 . The next morning Grant, with initiation to make his campaign thoroughly decisive at whatever cost, telegraphed to Washington : "I propose; to fight it out on this Line if it takes all summer." Having takvn advantage of the darkness and changed his position in the night, Hancock on the morning of the 1 2th was on the enemy s right flank. About five o clock his troops suddenly burst upon an angle of the Confeder ates works held by Johnson, and \vithout firing a shot swept over the ramparts and captured nearly all ot Johnson s division. Han cock then drove the enemy before him nearly a mile, where they ral lied and charged back upon him, and a terrible tight ensued. Other corps were brought up to the slaughter on both sides, and the struggle, continued for hours. Bravely the Federals tried to fol low up the advantage the)- had gained, and gallantly the Confed erates resisted them and attempt ed to recover their ground. It was, however, but a useless waste of life. I he positions were not changed .it midnight when Lee withdrew behind a second line of intrench- ments. Since crossing the Rapidan the Army of the Potomac lost, within the brief space of a fortnight, nearly 40,000 men, killed, wound ed and prisoners, while Lee s Army of Northern Virginia lost about 30,000. i deter- Passing cavalry to attempt the destruction of the railroads south and west from Petersburg ; but he found that city strongly defended by Beauregard, who had been summoned from Charleston to Richmond. The latter being greatly re-enforced, now massed some of his troops in front of Butler s forces, and on May i6th he attempted to turn Butler s right flank. A sharp conflict was the re sult, and Butler s forces were driven to their intrenchments. A few days afterward Butler was re quested to send a large part of his troops to the north side of the James River to assist the army against Lee in the vicinity of the Chickahominy. The compliance with this order deprived Butler of the power to make further offensive move ments. General Kautz started out on another mid from Bermuda Hundred. May 1 2th. Fort Darling, on Drewry s near CHAPTER XXIV. BUTLEI; AT BERMUDA HUNDRED GENERAL KAUTZ S KAID BATTLE OF COLD HARBOR GRANT S ARMY BEFORE PETERSBURG GENERAL EARLY S INVASION OP MARY LAND A DESTRUCTIVE RAID SHERIDAN S RIDE. JUST before the terrible battles of the Wilderness occurred Grant ordered Gen eral Butler to move his army from Fortress Monroe up toward Richmond, to co-oper ate; with the Army of the Potomac. Butler started, May 4th, with about 25,000 men, up the James River in armed trans ports. He landed at City Point, at the mouth of the Appomattox River, fifteen miles below the Confederate capital, and planted his army on the narrow strip of land known as Bermuda Hundred. A line of intrenchmentswasat once cast up across the peninsula from the Appomattox to the James. While this was being done General A. V. Kautz went up from Suffolk with 3,000 GENERAL ISAAC P. HODMAN. Bluff, he swept around by Chesterfield Courthouse and struck the Richmond and Danville Railroad, eleven miles west of the Confederate capital. Then, striking it at other points, he went eastward, destroy ing the Southside Railroad and the Weldon Road, far toward North Carolina, and then returned to City Point with 150 prisoners. Grant now decided to move on toward Richmond. His army started on May 2 ist, and reached the passage of the North Anna River on the 23d. Here it was found that Lee had already moved in that direction and reached there first. After a severe battle Lee was dislodged and Grant pressed steadily forward, and by May 28th, was south of the Pamunkey River. Lee, however, had followed, and taking a shorter road, was now in front, occupying a strong pos tion on the Chickahominy River, which commanded a turnpike and two railroads leading to Richmond. Grant saw at once that it would be nec essary to drive Lee from his position before he could continue his march to Richmond. After a reconnoissance Grant decided to make a flanking movement and cross the Chickahominy at Cold Harbor. That place was seized and the army re-enforced by the arrival of the troops, under General W. F. Smith, sent by Butler. For three days, June ist, 2d and 3d, the two armies fiercely struggled on the ground where Lee and McClellan had fought two years before. The battle on the 3d was particularly sanguinary, thousands of men falling in the brief space of twenty minutes. At its conclusion the Federals held the ground, but they had failed in their at tempt to force the Chickahominy. The strength of Lee s position showed Grant that Richmond could not be taken in that direction. So. after sending Sheridan with his cavalry to Gordonsville to destroy the railroad between Richmond and t h e Shenandoah Valley and Lynchburg, Grant decided to transfer his army to the south side of the James River, and attempt the capture of the Confederate capital in that way. On the night of June I2th the army silently withdrew, and cross ing the Chickahominy at Long- Bridge, was well on its way be fore Lee knew of its departure. It moved below White Oak Swamp and on through Charles City Courthouse to the James, which it rrossed in boat., and on pontoon bridges. Grant hurried on to Burmuda Hundred while the crossing was being made and ordered Butler to send a portion of his troops to attempt the capt ure of Petersburg before Lee could re-enforce Beauregard. But this was unsuccessful, and on the evening of June i6th the Army of tlie Potomac took up a posi tion near a strong line of intrench ments that Beauregard had cast up around the; city. At this time a formidable raid was made by General Early, with about 15,000 Confederate troops, for the purpose of drawing a large force away from Grant. He hur ried down the Shenandoah Valley, and crossing the Potomac at Will- iamsport, moved through Mary land to Hagerstown and Freder ick. Near the latter place, on the Monocacy River, he was con fronted by a few troops which General Lewis Wallace, then in command of the Middle Department, had hastily collected at Baltimore, and a portion of Ricketts s division from the advance of the Sixth Corps, which Grant had dis patched to the protection of Washington. For eight hours, on July gth, this little band battled with Early s large force, and although it was defeated with heavy loss, its gallant stand saved the national capital, as it allowed time for the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps to reach the city and secure it. Early, learning of this on his way to Washington, rapidly crossed the Potomac with his spoils. General Wright, who took Sedgwick s place in the Sixth Corps, pursued him to the Shenan doah Valley through Snicker s Gap, when, after a battle, in which the invaders were driven up the valley, Wright returned to Washington. Early ay^ed in the valley for some FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. time. After a contest with General Aver- burg. He succeeded in undermining one ill near Winchester, on July 2Oth, in which of the principal forts, and on the morning Early s troops were defeated, and a battle of July 3Oth the whole fort, with 300 men, Sherman n with General Crook, in which the latter was blown high into the air. Then a heavy Confederates was forced back toward the Potomac, Early sent a cavalry force of 3,000 men, under Generals McCausland, Bradley and John son, on a plundering tour in Maryland and Pennsylvania. They reached Chambers- burg cannonade was opened upon the remain der of the works with great effect. But the assault was a failure, owing to slowness of motion of some of the assailants. Soon after this the Army of the Potomac was massed on the right of the Confeder ates, south of the James, and made an at tack upon Lee s works on Hatcher s Run. But after a severe contest they were re pulsed, and rn October 2gth withdrew to their intrenchments in front of Petersburg. Very little of importance was done after that by the Army of the Potomac until the opening of the campaign of 1865. CHAPTER XXV. SHERMAN MOVES TOWARD ATLANTA CAITUMO OF ALLA- TOONA PASS DEATH OF BISHOP POLK JOHNSTON SUCCEEDED UY GENERAL J. B. HOOD DEATH OF GEN ERAL JAMES B. McPiiERsoN ATLANTA TAKEN SHER- MAN S MARCH TO THE SEA DESTRUCTION OF THE "AlBEMABLE. " GKXKRAL SHKRMAX started on his cam paign against Atlanta on May 6th, 1864. Pa., on July 3Oth, and after demand- ing a tribute of $200,000 in gold to insure the town against destruction, which they did not receive, two-thirds of the village was laid in ashes. General Averili, who was ten miles away, heard of this, and at once moved against the raiders, driving them back into Virginia. To prevent a repetition of this raid the Sixth Corps, un der General Wright, and the Nineteenth, under General Emory, were sent into the Shenandoah Valley, and the chief com mand of all the Federal forces there was given to General Sheridan, early in Au gust. Sheridan immediately took measures to drive Early from the valley. He attacked and defeated him at Winchester, Septem ber igth, and fol lowed h i m to a strong position on Fisher s Hill, near Strasburg, f r o m which the Confed erates were driven on the 22cl an d chased to Port Re public. From there the Federal caval ry followed Early to Staunton and compelled him to take refuge in the ranges of the Blue Ridge. The Fed erals then fell back b e h i n d C edar Creek, and Sheri dan went to Wash ington on the sup position that the valley would not be troubled again by the Confederates. But Early, being re-enforced, c a m e back a month later and attacked General Wright at Cedar Creek so fiercely that he was compelled to fall back to Middletown and beyond. General Sheridan was at Winchester when the attack began, and hearing the sound of the guns, sprang upon his black charger and clashed toward Cedar Creek. Meeting on the way portions of his army in confused retreat, he galloped up to them, and waving his hat shouted : " Face the other way, boys face the other way ! We are going back to our camp to lick them out of their boots !" Instantly the tide was turned, and following their commander, the troops hurriedly retraced their steps toward the lost battle ground. Regiments were at once re-formed, and cheered and encour aged by Sheridan, the men charged to vic tory and drove the Confederates in flight up the valley to Fisher s Hill. Early s force was almost annihilated and an end put to hostilities in the Shenandoah Valley. While the Army of the Potomac lay near Petersburg Lee withdrew a large force from that city to defend Richmond from troops after a sharp fight on May I5th, and being sent by Butler over a pontoon bridge across pursued by Thomas, McPherson and Scho- the James River. Grant took advantage field, he fled through to Allatoona Pass, of this, and made several attempts to pene- where he took up a position on the other trate the Confederate lines before Peters side of the Etowah River. The opposing THE INVASION OF MARYLAND GENERAL MEADE S IN PURSUIT OF LEE, JULY ARMY CROSSING 1 2-rn, 1863. of about 100,000 men, dis- Army of the Cumberland, He had a force tributed in the led by General G. H. Thomas ; the Army of the Tennessee, led by General J. B. Mc- Pherson, and the Army of the Ohio, com manded by General J. M. Schofield. Mov- armies then rested for a short time on op posite banks of the stream. now attempted to flank the out of their strong position by concentrating his forces west of them, at Dallas. This movement led to a battle near that place. Neither side gained a victory, and when darkness stoj <>ed the fight Johnston strongly intrenched iii-nself through a broken, wooded country fro.^ Dallas to Marietta. After much severe- fighting between these two towns Johnston was compelled to leave Allatoona Pass, June 1st, 1864. Sherman then took pos session of the position, garrisoned it, and rebuilt the bridges that Johnston had burned during his flight. The gaps made in Sherman s ranks by the losses in the numerous engagements were here filled up by the arrival, on the 8th, of tioops under General Frank Blair. Sherman then pushed on with his strength ened army, and although Johnston con tested his onward march at every point at which he could make a stand, the Confed erates were driven, after a month of desper ate fighting, from the Kenesaw Mountains, and from Lost and Pine Mountains, down toward the Chattahoochee River, in the direc tion of Atlanta. In these struggles the Confederates lost heavily ; a m o n g the killed on Pine Mountain b e i ng Bishop Polk, one of their corps com manders. When Johnston reached the Chat tahoochee S h e r - man rode into Ma rietta, and at once planned to strike a severe blow on his antagonist while he was crossing that river. But John ston was too quick and skillful to al low this, and he safely passed the stream and made a stand along the line of it. He was soon forced from this position and retreated to a new line that covered Atlanta, his left resting on the Chattahoochee and his right on Peachtree Creek. While there, THE ANTIETAM & on July loth, Johnston was succeeded by ing southward from Chattanooga, Sherman General J. B. Hood, of Texas. O _ came upon a Confederate force of 55,000 strongly posted at Dalton, lying at the junction of the roads leading into East and West Tennessee. This force was com manded by General Joseph E. Johnston, and was arranged in three corps, under Generals Hardee, Hood and Polk. As the position of this force was too strong to warrant an attack in front, Sherman men aced its flanks by seeking a passage through Snake Hill Gap, on the left. This was successful, and the Confederates retreated to a point near Resaca Station, at the Oostenaula River, on the line of the railroad between Chattanooga and At lanta. Johnston was driven across the river After a short rest the Federals, toward the end of July, began advancing again, and after detroying railroads and taking part in some heavy skirmishes, they were attacked by the Confederates on the 2oth. Hood himself led the attack, which was particularly directed against the corps of Howard, Hooker and Palmer. The battle was a fierce one and both sides suffered greatly, but the assailants were repulsed. Sherman then moved rapidly toward Atlanta. On the way he encountered some strong intrenchments, and while attacking a part of Hood s army behind them he was struck a severe blow in the rear by the main body of that army led by General Hardee, who had, by a long night march, passed around him. The blow was a crush ing one, but after a most sanguinary battle, lasting many hours, the Federals were vic torious and succeeded in driving the Con federates back to their works. While re- FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTORY CIVIL WAR. 499 connoitring in a wood that day (July 22d), General McPherson was shot dead by a Confederate sharpshooter. He was suc ceeded in the command of the Army of the Tennessee by General Logan. A few days later, July 28th, the Confed erates again made a fierce attack, and were again sent back to their lines after a heavy loss. This put a stop to active hostilities for a few weeks. Then on August 3ist the decisive battle that gave the Federals possession of Atlanta was fought. The forces of Howard and Hardee met on that clay at Jonesborough, twenty miles below the city, when, the Confederates being de feated, Hood blew up his magazine at Atlanta, and forming a junction with Har dee, recrossed the Chattahoochee with his whole army. Sherman then entered Atlanta on September 2d. The two armies now rested for a time, with only the river between them, and most J of September was given up to reorganiza tion on both sides. Then, hearing that Hood contemplated the seizure of Tennes- tion by Hardee of Savannah, which Sher man entered the next day. Early in 1864 General Truman Seymour was sent by General Gillmore to assist the citizens of Florida in driving out the Con federate troops under General Finnegan, so that that State might re-enter the Union. Seymour went up the St. John s River with 6,000 men and drove Finnegan from Jack sonville into the interior. After a hot pur suit Seymour came upon the Confederates strongly posted in the heart of a cypress swamp at Olustee Station. He made an attack, February 2Oth, but was defeated, and fell back to Jacksonville after destroy ing the enemy s stores to the value of $1,000,000. On April 1 7th General Hoke, assisted by the Confederate ram Albcmarlc, made a successful assault upon Plymouth, on the North Carolina coast, near the mouth of the Roanoke River, then held by General Wessels with 1,600 troops. The Albcmarlc was a powerful vessel, and for several months kept that part of the coast free from nessee. Late in October he crossed the Tennessee River near Florence, and pushed vigorously on toward Nashville with 50,000 troops. At Franklin he came to the in- trenchments of General Schofield, who was trying to impede the invaders so that he could get himself and train to Nashville before they did. Hood reached Franklin on the afternoon of November 3Oth, and at once charged on Schofield so desper ately that his troops were driven from their works. But they quickly rallied, and by a gallant dash recovered their lost ground and captured 300 prisoners. Schofield then went on to Nashville, quickly followed by Hood, who took up a position in front of that city early in December. General Thomas was then in charge of the Federal troops in Nashville. On De cember 1 5th he sent out General T. J. Wood, with the Fourth Corps, to drive the Confederates away. Wood made a vig orous attack, and soon compelled Hood to retreat to the foot of the Harpeth Hills. There he was again assailed by the same = =^aj&gB5TT3pie: SHEKIDAN S CAMPAIGN IN THE VALLEY OF THE SHENANDOAH BATTLE OF SUMMIT POINT, SUNDAY. AUGUST 21 ST, 1864. see, Sherman sent Thomas to Nashville to organize and concentrate a new force of troops there. Hood in the meantime de scended upon Allatoona Pass and at tempted to capture the stores. He failed, and Sherman pursued him into Northern Alabama. Sherman now planned his march from Atlanta to the sea. He turned over the command of a large portion of his troops to General Thomas, and then started out on the morning of November i4th. Gen eral Kilpatrick, with 5,000 cavalry, led the way, followed by Sherman and 65,000 men, arranged in two columns, commanded re spectively by Generals Howard and Slo- cum. They marched for more than a month through the heart of Georgia, living entirely upon what they picked up on the way. Moving as they did in two columns, with wings extending sixty miles, the Con federates were bewildered, and offered but very little opposition. Upon reaching the Ogeechee River Sherman attacked and captured Fort McAllister, and a week later (December 2Oth) he compelled the evacua- Federal gunboats. Its destruction, accord ingly, was very much desired by the Na tional authorities, and this was accom plished with great skill and bravery by Lieutenant Cushing. He, with thirteen men, on the night of October 27th, took a torpedo up into Plymouth harbor, and reaching the anchorage of the ram, suc ceeded in thrusting it under her hull and blowing her up with fatal effect. All the time during the placing of the torpedo, after they had reached within twenty yards of the ram, the brave men on the launch were subjected to a terrific hail of bullets fired from the shore by the alarmed Con federates, who, although they could see nothing in the darkness, heard the move ments of their foe and directed their shots in the direction of the sound. Cushing and one of his men, after the work was done, escaped to a cutter that accompanied the torpedo boat, while the others of the, Pear- less band were killed. General Hood, after his unsuccessful attempt to seize the stores at Allatoona Pass, prepared for his invasion of Ten- corps and other troops the following day. The result was that the Confederates were sent flying southward in great confusion. They were closely pursued, and at the close of the month Hood, with the remnants of his army, escaped across the Tennessee. Dur ing Thomas s four months stay in Tennessee he captured 11,500 prisoners and 72 pieces of artillery, and inflicted a loss to the Con federates of more than 20,000 men. His own loss was about 10,000. CHAPTER XXVI. THE " KEABSAKGE " AND THE "ALABAMA "CAPTURE OF FOBTS MORGAN AND GAINES ADMIRAL FARRAGI T s BRAVERY CHARLESTON TAKEN BATTLE AT BENTOX- VTLLE FALL OF MOBILE STONEMAN S BAID. CONFEDERATE cruisers made great havoc among the merchant ships of the United States during the war, especially in the first two years. At the beginning of 1864 they had captured 193 vessels, whose ag gregate cargoes were valued at $13,400,000. The most formidable of these plunderers was the Alabama, which was built, armed, manned and provisioned in England. She 500 FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. was undei command of Captain Raphael Semmes, of Maryland. For two years she sailed along the paths of American mer chantmen on the Atlantic, plundering and burning them, and always eluding the gov ernment vessels sent out in search of her. At length Captain John A. Winslow, of the Kearsargc, who had sought her high and low, heard that the Alabama had put into the port of Cherbourg, France. He immediately took his vessel to that place and lying off outside the harbor, awaited her reappearance on the ocean. When she came out the Kearsargc moved beyond the jurisdiction of France, and then gave lattle. The two vessels fought desper ately for an hour, pouring broadside after oroadside into each other. Then the Alabama began to sink, and in twenty min utes went to the bottom. Semmes and his officers and some of his crew were picked tip by an English yacht, which had hovered near to be ready in case of such an emer gency, and taken in safety to Fngland, where Semmes was feted and presented with a sword as a token of sympathy and esteem. Winslow s victory stirred up the author- gan was captured, and the port of Mobile effectually closed. The closing of the port of Wilmington was not attempted until December, 1864. Then an expedition was sent against Fort Fisher. It was composed of Admiral Porter s fleet, and land troops from Butler s department, under General Godfrey Weit- zel. The expedition was a failure, and another attempt was made the following February with the same fleet, and land troops led by General A. H. Terry. This was a complete success, the fort was sur rendered on the 1 5th, and the Federal army entered Wilmington on the 22d. About a month after the capture of Savannah Sherman started on a rapid march through South Carolina, and pressed on almost unopposed until he reached Co lumbia, the capital of the State, which hi; captured, February i 7th, 1865. Upon learn ing of this Hardeeat once left Charleston, to which he had retreated after his evacua tion of Savannah, and (led into North Carolina to join the forces of General Johnston. Sherman s forces then took pos session of Charleston, and a few weeks afterward Major Anderson celebrated the Point, on the James River, to consult the President and General Grant in regard to future operations. The port of Mobile having been closed, plans were laid in March, 1865, for the capture of that city and the rest of Ala bama. General Canby, who commanded the Department of the Gulf, started out against Mobile with 25,000 troops, at the same time that Thomas sent from his army 13,000 horsemen and about 2,000 foot sol diers, under General Wilson, to co-operate with him. While Canby was attempting the reduction of Mobile, Wilson swept down from the Tennessee and raided 650 miles through Alabama and Georgia, capturing cities and towns and destroying an im mense amount of public property. He also succeeded in keeping Forrest s cavalry from assisting the besieged Confederates at Mobile. Canby managed to capture the city on April iith, when General Maury, in command there, fled up the Alabama River with 9,000 troops. With the city were surrendered 5,000 prisoners and 150 cannon. The war in the Gulf region was now at an end. Although the Armies of the Potomac SHEKIDAN S CAMPAIGN IX THE VALLEY OF THE SHENANDOAH FIGHT OF PUFFIE S CAVALRY, NEAR HUNTER S HOUSE, CHARLESTOWN, VA. COVERING THE RETREAT OF THE FEDERAL FORCES. ities of the National Government to a de termination to close the two ports then open for blockade runners Wilmington and Mobile. To close the latter port General Canby sent a force of 5,000 troops, under General Gordon Granger, from New Orleans to co-operate with Admiral Far- ragut s fleet of 18 vessels, which appeared off the entrance to Mobile on August 5th. These vessels, four of which were iron clads, then sailed in between Fort Morgan and Fort Gaines amid the terrific fire from their great guns. Farragut gave his or ders through a tube from the maintop of his flagship (the Hartford), where he was lashed to the rigging to keep him from be ing dislodged by the shock of battle. He remained in that perilous position during the entire voyage past the forts. He made the passage safely, although one of his gunboats, the Tccumseh, was destroyed by a torpedo. He was then attacked by a fleet of Confederate gunboats, but after a severe fight they were defeated. A simultaneous assault was now made by Farragut and Granger on Fort Gaines, and it was surrendered, August 7th. A little more than two weeks later Fort Mor- anniversary of his evacuation of Fort Sum- ter four years before by raising over the ruins of that fortress the same flag which he had been compelled to haul down then, and which he had carried away with him. Sherman soon passed on into North Carolina, reaching Fayetteville, March 12th. There he rested until the I5th, when he moved eastward toward Goldsborough. On the way he met a force of 20,000 Con federates, under General Hardee, at Averys- borough. Defeating them, he continued his march. Two days afterward (March 1 8th), when near Bentonville, he was sur prised by the whole of Johnston s army, which suddenly attacked a part of his force under General Slocum. There was a terri ble battle. Six times did the combined forces of Hoke, Hardee and Cheatham fall fiercely upon the Federals, and nothing but the most desperate efforts saved Sherman s army from destruction. His troops made a brave stand, and at length succeeded in gaining the victory, the Confederates re treating to Raleigh, the capital of North Carolina. Sherman now went on to Golds- borough, where he was joined by Schofield and Terry, after which he hastened to City and of the James remained in comparative quiet in front of Petersburg and Richmond through the winter of i864- 65, they effect ually prevented by their position a junction of the two forces of Lee and Johnston. Grant at length determined to make a gen eral and vigorous movement against the Confederate capital. Late in February he ordered General Sheridan, then in the Shenandoah Valley, to move up and de stroy all communications with Richmond north of the James River, and, if possible, capture Lynchburg, where a large number of Confederate supplies were stored. With Generals Merritt and Custer and 10,000 men, horse and foot, Sheridan left Winchester on the 27th, and going up the valley, met Early s forces at Waynesbor- ough. After a battle there he scattered his enemies, and then crossed the Blue Ridge and destroyed the railroad as far as Charlottesvillc. Finding Lynchburg too strong for him, he divided his force, one party going to break up the railroad to ward that city, and the other to disable the James River Canal, by which the Confed erate capital received a large portion of its supplies. Sheridan then rejoiced the FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY Ofy THE LIV/L WAR. Army of the Potomac by passing around Lee s left. Lee now saw that it was absolutely nec essary for him to form a junction with Johnston in North Carolina if he wished to save his army; and so, concentrating his forces near Grant s centre, in front of Petersburg, he, on March 25th, made a fierce assault on Fort Steaclman, hoping by the capture of that point in the Federal lines to be able to break through. But he was unsuccessful, Grant being prepared for him and defeating him with heavy loss. Early in February General Stoneman was ordered to take his cavalry on a raid into South Carolina for the purpose of as sisting Sherman ; but finding the latter in no need of help, Stoneman moved eastward and destroyed the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad for some distance toward Lynch- burg, after which he turned southward and fast being hemmed in. Many efforts had been made to bring about peace without the conquering of the armies of the Con federacy, but they had failed. President Lincoln would listen to no conditions ex cept absolute submission, everywhere within the bounds of the republic, to the National authority, and the entire abolition of slavery. When Jefferson Davis, in answer to an appeal from Francis P. Blair, of Maryland, near the close of the year 1864, said that he would be willing to " enter into a conference with a view to secure peace to the two countries" President Lin coln expressed his willingness to confer if it was with a view "to secure peace for the people of our common country." Although Davis did not like the latter expression, he appointed as commissioners Alexander H. Stephens, John A. Campbell and R. M. T. Hunter. The conference was fruitless, as die advance, fell back in confusion on Crawford s troops, which in turn were driven back on to the division under Griffin. There the enemy s onslaught was checked, and a division of the Second Corps being sent to Warren s support, he at once re-formed his ranks, and with a sud den dash regained the lost ground and captured the White Oak Road. Sheridan also was driven from Five Forks for a time, but with the aid of the Fifth Corps again advanced to that place, where, on April ist, a sanguinary battle was fought. The Con federates were driven from their strong line of works and completely routed ; the Hfth Corps doubling up their left flank in confusion, and the cavalry of General Merritt dashing on to the White Oak Road, capturing their artillery and turning it upo n them. They soon took to flight in disor der, leaving behind them about 5,000 of THE WAR ON THE UPPER POTOMAC -WILSON S CAVALRY FORAGING AT THE SELDEN ESTATE, CLARKE COUNTY, VA. struck the railroad between Danville and Greensborough. Some of his troops went as far as Salisbury, in the hope of releasing a large number of Union soldiers impris oned there. But the prisoners were re moved before Stoneman s men arrived, and although the raiders destroyed a vast amount of public property they did not ac complish their object. Then, while Stone man and his main body pushed into East Tennessee, a part of his force, on April i gth, destroyed the magnificent bridge of the South Carolina Railroad which ex tended 1,100 feet across the Catawba Rivet. This raid resulted in the capture of 6,000 prisoners, 31 pieces of artillery and a large number of-small arms. CHAPTER XXVII. EFFORTS ro SECURE PEACE DAVIS S DECLARATION BAT TLE OF FIVE FORKS FALL OF PETERSBUEG RICH MOND CAPTURED CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN GRANT AND LEE SURRENDER OF LEE S ARMY TERMS OF SURRENDER. THE Civil War was now coming to an n<S. The enemies of the republic were Lincoln would not recede from the position he had taken. Indignant at this result, Davis declared at a public meeting held at Richmond, February 5th, that " sooner than we should be united again I would be willing to yield up everything I have on earth, and, if it were possible, would sacrifice my life a thousand times before I w r ould succumb." Then a few days later at another meeting it was resolved that the Confederates would never lay down their arms until their independence was won. Upon Sheridan s return from his great raid at the close of March, Grant started the Army of the Potomac on a grand move ment against the Confederate right. On the morning of March 3ist, Sheridan, with his cavalry and a corps of infantry, moved forward and took possession of Five Forks, while Warren advanced toward the White Oak Road. The latter drove the Confed erates before him for a short distance, but they quickly rallied, and attacked him so vigorously that Ayres s division, which had their troops as prisoners of war. The fu gitives were pursued westward about six miles by the cavalry of Merritt and Mc- Kenzie. Grant heard of this victory in his posi tion before Petersburg, and at once or dered a bombardment along his whole line against the city, to be kept up all night. At dawn the next morning the works of the enemy were vigorously attacked. Wright with his corps managed to break through the lines, and, pushing on, drove the Con federates before him, captured a large number of guns and several thousand prisoners, and effectually crushed Lee s right. Parke with the Ninth Corps had meanwhile carried the main line in the enemy s front, but was checked at the sec ond line ; while a part of Gibbon s corps by a gallant charge captured two strong works south of Petersburg. The battle now raged furiously from right to left, the Confederates bravely fighting to hold their intrenchments. Especially determined were they to retain possession of Fort Mahone, FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. which was defended by Hill s corps. In tin: pliant stand he. made there Hill was killed. Sheridan no\v came up rapidly from the west, and sweeping down upon the Confederates flank and rear, forced them to give up the contest and fly in con fusion. That day, Sunday, April 2d, Davis was attending church in Richmond, when an orderly hurried up the aisle and handed him a message from Lee. With a glance he saw that all was over. He must seek safety in flight, as Richmond would soon be taken. At eight o clock that evening he abandoned the capital and fled to Dan ville, to which city his wife had gone a few days before. The Confederate Congress and the Virginia Legislature also took flight. Early the next morning General Weit/el, in command of the forces on the north side of the James, marched into Richmond with bands playing and colors flying. His army, composed in part of colored troops, was immediately set to work to put out the fires kindled by drunken in cendiaries just after the evacuation, and which had destroed all of the business pushed for the Danville Road, followed by Meade with the Second and Sixth Corps, while Ord hastened along the Southside Railroad toward Burkeville, where that and the Danville Road intersect, a distance of fifty-three miles from Petersburg. Lee was also making for that place, so as to be able to join Davis at Danville. The Fed erals, having the inside track, reached there first. Sheridan gained a position above Burkeville, and thus cut off Lee s avenue of escape, while Ord stopped below. Lee s position now became desperate. He was at Amelia Courthouse, and seeing that he could not advance by the railroad, he swung around to the west and struck the road again at Farmville. Here the head of his columns was met by two regi ments of infantry and some cavalry, under General Theodore Read, who had been hurried forward to hold the Confederates until Ord could come up with the rest of his corps. Read accomplished this at the expense of his life. When Ord arrived Lee intrenched himself. Grant now reached Farmville, and on the jth wrote a note to Lee in which he Grant then proposed a meeting to arrange definite terms for the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia. Lee wrote back that he had not intended to propose the surren der of his army. " To be frank," he went on, " I do not think the emergency has arisen to call for the surrender of this army ; but as the restoration of peace should be the sole object of all, I desired to know whether your proposals would lead to that end. I cannot, therefore, meet you with a view to surrender the Army of Northern Virginia ; but as far as your proposal may affect the Confederate States forces under my command, and tend to the restoration of peace, I should be pleased to meet you at 10 A. M. to-morrow, on the old stage road to Richmond, between the picket lines of the two armies." Grant would not listen to an interview on this basis, as, having no authority to treat on the topic of peace, he saw that such a meeting would be useless. " The terms upon which peace can be had," he wrote, "are well understood. By the South laying down their arms they will hasten that most desirable event, save thousands of human *= ^-^ ~-- ^ SHERIDAN S CAMPAIGN IN THE VALLEY OF THE SHENANDOAH -VIEW OF THE FRONT FROM THE FEDERAL LINES ON JACKSON HILL, VA. part of Main Street. Weit/el found that the Confederates had abandoned 5,000 of their sick ami wounded in the hospitals, and had left as trophies for the victors 500 pieces of artillery, 5,000 small arms, many locomotives and cars, and a large amount of other public property, together with a part of the archives of the Confederate Government. When Weitzel reached the Virginia Statehouse one of his staff. Lieu tenant Johnston Livingston de Peyster, as cended to the roof and unfurled the Na tional flag, and Richmond was once more in the hands of the Federal authorities. The news of the capture of Richmond produced great joy throughout the loyal States, for it told of the downfall of the Confederate Government. In Washington the public offices were closed ; the people of New York showed their pleasure in public meetings and in the ringing of bells in the tower of Trinity Church. Finding that he could no longer hold Petersburg, Lee sent the message which l)a\is received in church, and then silently withdrew from his position on the evening of April 2d. At dawn the next morning the Federals learned of his retreat, and at once set out to intercept him. Sheridan said: "The result of the last week must convince you of the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia in this struggle. I feel that it is so, and regard it as my duty to shift from myself the responsibility of any further effusion of blood by asking of you the surrender of that portion of the Con federate States Army known as the Army of Northern Virginia." In his reply to this Lee said that, although he did not believe further resistance on the part of his army hopeless, he reciprocated the desire to avoid useless effusion of blood ; " a;id therefore," he added, " before considering your propo sition I ask the terms you will offer on con dition of its surrender." Without waiting for Grant s answer Lee stole away in the night toward Lynchburg, hoping to escape to the shelter of the mountains beyond that city Early the next morning the Federals set out in pursuit. While on the move westward Lee re ceived Grant s answer, in which he said : " There is but one condition I would insist on, namely, that the men and officers sur rendered should be disqualified for taking up arms against the Government of the United States until properly exchanged/ lives and hundreds of millions of property not yet destroyed." General Sheridan had by this time reached a position across Lee s path, near Appomattox Courthouse, so that there was no way for the latter to escape except by cutting through Sheridan s line. He made a brave, desperate effort to do this on the morning of April gth. But with the aid of General Ord s command and the Fifth Corps, which just then came up, Sheridan repulsed the Confederates, and Lee was compelled to give in. He wrote to Grant : " I received your note this morning on the picket line, whither I had come to meet you, and ascertain definitely what terms were embraced in your proposal of yester day, with reference to the surrender of this army. I now ask an interview, in accord ance with the offer contained in your letter of yesterday for that purpose." Arrangements were at once made for the interview. The dwelling of Wilmer McLean, at Appomattox Courthouse, was selected for the purpose, and in the parlor of that house, on PalmJSunday, April gth, 1865, the two generals met and discussed the terms of surrender. It was agreed that Lee and his officers should give their pa- FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HIS TO R\ OF THE CIVIL WAR. /ole of honor not to take arms against the Government of the United States until properly exchanged ; that the officers were to be allowed to keep their side arms, bag gage and private horses, and that the offi cers and men would not be disturbed by United States authorities so long as they should observe their parole and the laws in force where they should reside. On Wed nesday, April 1 2th, the Confederates laid down their arms and departed for their homes. The number paroled was about 25,000. With the men were surrendered about 16,000 small arms, 150 pieces of ar tillery, 71 stand of colors, about 1,100 wagons and caissons, and 4,000 horses and mules. That same day, April i2th, the War De partment issued an order directing the sus pension of all drafting and recruiting for the National Army, and of the purchasing of munitions of war and supplies. the 1 7th a suspension of hostilities was agreed upon pending the ratification or rejection by the National Government of a basis of peace arranged by the two generals. The President and Cabinet refused to ac cept the agreement, whereupon Johnston surrendered to Sherman on the same gen erous terms as those granted to Lee. With him were surrendered and paroled about 25,000 men. One hundred and eight pieces of artillery and about 15,000 small arms fell into the hands of the Federals. A few days later, May 4th, General Ta-ylor sur rendered the Confederate forces in Ala bama to General Canby, at Citronville ; and the Confederate Navy in the Tombigbee River was surrendered to Admiral Farra- gut at the same time. Hostilities ended with a battle at Brazos Santiago, Tex., on May 1 3th. When Davis heard of the surrender of Johnston s army he immediately left tions. Mistaking each othd fc - enemies, both opened fire, and thus aroused the sleepers. Davis tried to make his escape disguised in a woman s waterproof cloak and a shawl thrown over his head by Miss Howell, but he was detected and captured by Pritchard and his men. Davis was taken to Fortress Monroe and there imprisoned under an indictment for treason, for some time, when he was released on bail. He was never tried, enjoying his liberty until his death, in 1889. While the people of the North were re joicing over the capture of Richmond and the surrender of Lee their joy was suddenly turned into sorrow by the news of the as sassination of the President. Mr. Lincoln was seated in a box in -a Washington the atre, with his wife and friends, when John Wilkes Booth entered behind him and shot him in the back of the head. Then shout ing, " Sic semper tyrannus !" so may it . _ , m GRANT S MOVEMENTS SOUTH OF THE JAMES BATTLE OF POPLAR SPRING CHURCH GALLANT CHARGE OF A PART OF THE FIFTH CORPS ON THE CONFEDERATE FORT, SEPTEMBER 30rH, 18(54. CHAPTER XXVIII. JOHNSTON SURRENDERS TO SHERMAN HOSTILITIES ENDED FLIGHT OF DAVIS AND HIS CABINET DAVIS CAPT URED ASSASSINATION or PRESIDENT LINCOLN THE NAVY IN THE WAB. WHILE the surrender of General Lee at Appomattox virtually ended the war, there were still Johnston s army in North Caro lina, and smaller bodies elsewhere to be conquered. Sherman was preparing to march toward the Roanoke on April loth, when he heard of the fall of Petersburg and Richmond. This changed his plans, and he at once turned his columns toward Raleigh and marched on Johnston, who re treated through Raleigh along the course of the railroad westward toward Greens- borough, whither Davis and his Cabinet had fled after making Danville the seat of the Confederate Government for a few days. Sherman pursued Johnston as far as Raleigh, where on the i5th the latter, hav ing heard of the overthrow of Lee, re quested an interview with Sherman for the purpose of making terms of surrender. This was granted, and after a meeting on Greensborough, with his Cabinet and an escort of 2,000 cavalry, and fled toward the Gulf of Mexico. His wife and children and Miss Howell, Mrs. Davis s sister, made for the same place in wagons, but along a different route. Upon reaching Washing ton, Ga., Davis learned that some Confed erate soldiers, supposing the treasure that he had taken from Richmond was with his wife s party, had formed a plot to hold up her train and seize the valuable property. He immediately set out, with a few follow ers, to protect his family. After a ride of eighteen miles he joined his wife at Irwins- ville, nearly due south from Macon, Ga. General Wilson, who was then at Macon, heard of Davis s flight to the Gulf, and sent out two bodies of cavalry, one under Lieu tenant Colonel Pritchard, and the other led by Lieutenant Colonel Hardin, to intercept him. As a reward of $100,000 had been offered by the government for the capture of Davis, these two forces left no stone un turned to find him. They soon discovered his whereabouts, and at early dawn the two parties approached the camp where he was resting for the night, from opposite direc- always be with tyrants the assassin leaped out of the box on the stage, dashed through a back door, and fled on a horse that was in readiness for him. He was pursued and overtaken in a barn below Fredericksburg, Va., and shot dead by a sergeant named Boston Corbett. President Lincoln die*d the next morn ing, April 1 5th, 1865. His body was taken to his home in Springfield, 111., and there buried, May 4th. Andrew Johnson, by virtue of his office as Vice President and in accordance with the law, was sworn in as President of the United States a few- hours after the death of Mr. Lincoln. On the same night that the President was shot Secretary of State Seward was stabbed and badly wounded by an accom plice of Booth, which gave rise to a belief that a plot had been arranged for the mur der of the President, all the members of the Cabinet, General Grant and others. A number of persons were arrested on suspi cion of being implicated in this plot, and their trial resulted in the conviction and execution by hanging of David E. Harrold. Lewis Payne, Mrs. Mary E. Surratt and O 11 " MAJOR GENERAL SHERIDAX RIDING ALONG THE LINT- Al IK Jafuj ihi * ? u ff - the . 1 1 V lcs after hls victor y at Fisher s Hill is indeed a spirited oJ And the men who Were thus be-,ten < .,- - SI. ,,17 , twent y P ieces and - > prisoners, with caissons and ainmi the veterans whom Stonewall Jackson had so often led to battle in this very valley, who BATXLK 01 EISHjill U HILL, VA., SEPTEMBER 22i>, 1864. leral Sheridan s whole force was soon in possession of the enemy s works, driving them like sheep. The Confederates threw -Sheridan was no boaster, but he was heard to say: "I do not think there ever was an army so badly routed." have been inspired by past victory. FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. George A. Atzeroth, while Samuel A. Mudd, Michael O Loughlin and Samuel Arnold were sentenced to imprisonment for life. The surrender of the two great armies of the Confederacy and the capture of its President effectually crushed that tempo rary government forever, and settled the question of slavery in the United States. The Civil War in America, which was more extended in area and more destructive of life and property than any other recorded in history, was over. The number of Union soldiers engaged on the field during the war was 2,666,999. According to a statement prepared by the Adjutant Gen eral s Office, the number of casualties in the volunteer and regular armies of the United States during the four years was as fol lows: Killed in battle, 67,058; died of wounds, 43,012 ; died of disease, 199,720; city public receptions were held in honor of their noble work. A beautiful close to the terrible struggle they had passed through was the grand review in Washing ton of the two armies that had conquered Lee and Johnston. The troops were marched to the vicinity of the National capital and then on May 22d and 230! they moved through the city in long pro cession, reviewed by the President and his Cabinet and the foreign M nisters. The work o. disbanding the armies was then begun, and in a remarkably brief space of time the habiliments of war were cast off, and the soldiers, now respected citizens, were back in their places in of fices, stores, countingrooms and on farms. From the first of June to the middle of November 800,000 of the 1,000,000 sol diers whose names were on the rolls May 1st were mustered out of service. in all time to come. In obedience to your country s call you left your homes and families, and volunteered in her defense. Victory has crowned your valor and se cured the purpose of your patriotic hearts ; and with the gratitude of your countrymen, and the highest honors a great and free na tion can accord, you will soon be permitted to return to your homes and families, con scious of having discharged the highest duty of American citizens. To achieve these glorious triumphs, and secure to yourselves, your fellow countrymen and posterity the blessings of free institutions, tens of thousands of your gallant comrades have fallen, and sealed the priceless legacy with their blood. The graves of these a grateful nation beclews with tears. It hon ors their memories, and will ever cherish and support their stricken families." Although it attracted less attention than - ,J~*- FTZ V V GKANT S MOVEMENTS SOUTH OF THE JAMES BATTLE OF POPLAR SPRING CHURCH THE NINTH CORPS PASSING POPLAR SPRING CHURCH AND CONFEDERATE PRISONERS COMING IN, FRIDAY AFTERNOON, SEPTEMBER 3()TH, 1864. other causes, such as accidents, murder, Confederate prisons, etc., 40,154; total died, 349,944; total deserted, 199,105. Number of soldiers in the Confederate service who died of wounds or disease ( par tial statement), 133,821. Partial statement Df deserted, 104,428. Number of United States troops captured during the war, 212,608; Confederate troops captured, 476,169. Number of United States troops paroled on the field, 16,431 ; Confederate troops paroled on the field, 248,599. Num ber of United States troops who died while prisoners, 30,156; of Confederate troops, 30,152. A grand, imposing spectacle was pre sented when the brave soldiers who had endured hardships and risked their lives for the preservation of the Union returned from the field of battle to go back to their peaceful avocations. Everywhere they were received with expressions of gratitude and affection, and in almost every village and Just before the disbandment of the soldiers took place General in Chief Grant issued, on June 2d, the following address to them : " Soldiers of the Armies of the United States : By your patriotic devotion to your country in the hour of danger and alarm, and your magnificent fighting, bravery and endurance, you have maintained the supremacy of the Union and the Consti tution, overthrown all armed opposition to the enforcement of the laws and of the proclamation forever abolishing slavery the cause and pretext of the rebellion and opened the way to the rightful author ities to restore order and inaugurate peace on a permanent and enduring basis on every foot of American soil. Your marches, sieges and battles, in distance, duration, resolution and brilliancy of results, dim the lustre of the world s past military achievements, and will be the patriot s precedent in defense of liberty and right the Army, the National Navy was of inesti mable value during the war. It did excel lent work in the blockade service and in co-operation with the Army along the riv ers and seacoasts. When the war broke out the Navy was composed of but 7,600 men, but before it ended that number had increased to 51,000. During the four years 208 war vessels were constructed and ntted out, and 414 vessels were purchased and converted into war ships. Three hundred and thirteen of these were steamers, and many of them were ironclads. They cost the government about $19,000,000. The National vessels captured or de stroyed more than 1,500 blockade run ners, which had been fitted out by British merchants and furnished with every kind of supplies for the Confederates. The capture and destruction of these vessels meant an aggregate loss to their owners, taking the value of the ships and their cargoes into consideration, of close upon FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF\JFHE CIVIL WAR. $30,000,000 ; but this was probably bal anced by the immense profits that were made on the cargoes of the vessels that successfully " ran the blockade," although this violation of the law could hardly have been a paying transaction. CHAPTER XXIX. CARE OP THE SICK AND WOUNDED Two NOBLE ORGANIZA TIONS -LIBERAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE PEOPLE FOR BENEVOLENT WORK ON THE BATTLEFIELD THE NEGRO IN THE WAR. THE sick and wounded during the war were well cared for by the government authorities. They were very liberal in supplying a sufficient number of hospitals and in furnishing them with every neces sity, and in the employment of a large body was founded by Henry W. Bellows, and was organized under the sanction of the President and Secretary of War. The founder was made president of the board of managers of the commission, and Fred erick Law Olmstead was chosen general manager of its affairs. The commission at once appealed to the people for money and supplies to carry out its object, which was to help the wounded and sick soldiers with delicacies, ice, stim ulants, fruits, etc., and with trained nurses, and to do other work to relieve suffering on the battlefield. The response was re markably liberal. Money and supplies flowed in at once. Men, women and chil dren worked for it and contributed to it. Fairs were held in all the large cities in aid cared for, and tents and trained nurses were always on hand. The United States Christian Commission was founded by Vincent Colyer, an artist of New York, and was organized at a Na tional Convention of the Young Men s Christian Associations on November I4th, 1 86 1. Its work was conducted on the same general plan of the other commission. It distributed a vast amount of food, hospital stores, delicacies and clothing, and at the same time looked after the moral and re ligious welfare of the soldiers. Bibles and other good books, newspapers, pamphlets, etc., were well circulated among the men in hospitals, camps and ships, while chapels for religious labors and public worship were erected at every permanent camp. - - \. r^ r ^ ^r:A^^MMs^, .s THE AEMY OF THE POTOMAC BATTLE OF HATCHER S CREEK, VA., OCTOBER 27ra, 1864 THE SECOND CORPS, UNDER MAJOR GENERAL HANCOCK, FLANKING THE CONFEDERATE WORKS AT ARMSTRONG S MILL. number of skillful surgeons. When the war was closed there were 204 general hospitals fully equipped, with a capacity of nearly 137,000 beds. Besides these, many tem porary and flying hospitals were erected in camps and on vessels and on battlefields. In the report of Surgeon General Joseph K. Barnes, at the end of the war, it was shown that during the four years there had been treated in the general hospitals alone 1,057,423 cases, among whom the average rate of mortality was only eight per cent, which was smaller than had ever before been known in any army. One of the chief causes for this low rate of mortality in the Union Army was the beneficent work done by two grand or ganizations, known as the United States Sanitary Commission and the United States Christian Commission. The first-named of it, and they were well patronized, one fair in New York city taking in $1,181,500, while one held at Poughkeepsie, on the Hudson, netted in profit as much as an average of one dollar to each inhabitant. So generous was the response to the commis sion s appeal that when the war closed it was found that the people had contributed to it to the value of $5,000,000 ! The commission nobly lived up to the high appreciation the people showed for it. It was untiring in its work of relieving distress. Everywhere the armies went it followed closely, and was always ready to afford instant aid to those who needed it. With ambulances, army wagons and steam boats, which it employed specially for the purpose, the sick and wounded were care fully and tenderly transported as scon as possible to places where they could be The money and supplies contributed by the people to this commission amounted in value to $6,000,000. Through these two great organizations and the various other associations formed everywhere for the same purpose, and by private contributions, the loyal people of the land spent many millions of dollars. The employment of colored troops in the Union Army was for some time a much- debated question. When a number of col ored men got together in New York city, and began to drill, in answer to the Presi dent s call for troops in April, 1861, the sympathizers with the Confederates became so indignant that they threatened the negroes with violence, and the superin tendent of police was compelled, in order to preserve the public peace, to order them to cease drilling. FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. SfT.NK IN CAM! I, I IT. IIMNKY AI;CHITK<TU;K THI: FKDKHAI, SOLDIEKS THKIK ( AMI FI1IKS A ye:ar lat T the action of General Hun ter, then in command of the Department of the South, in ordering the organization of ne:gn> regiments in his department, aroused the indignation of Southern sym pathizer; in the National Congress. \Vick- lifle, of Kentucky, made a motion to ask the Secretary of War whether General Hunter had organized a regiment of fugi- tive slaves, and whether the government had authorized the act. \\ lien llunter was asked for an answer to the first question he said : " No regiment of fugitive- slave s lias been or is being organized in this de- partment. There is, however, a fine regi ment of persons whose late masters are fugitive rebels men who everywhere lly before the; appearance of the National flag, leaving their servants behind them to shift for themselves as best they can." A few weeks afterward Secretary Stan- ton issued a special order directing General Rufus Saxton, military governor of the seacoast islands, to "arm, uniform, equip and receive into the service of the United States such number of volunteers of Afri can descent, not exceeding five thousand," as would be useful. In the summer of 1862 crowds of colored people flocked to the camp of General G. VV. Phelps, in command above New Orleans, and volunteered their services. Phelps asked permission of General But ler to arm and equip these men and form them into negro regiments. Butler, not having authority to give this permission, suggested diat the colored men be em ployed in servile work on fortifications. To this Phelps replied : " I am not will ing to be:ome the mere slave driver you propose, having no qualifications that way." He then threw up his commission and re turned to his home in Vermont. It was not very long after this that Butler had full regiments formed of negro volunteers from the free colored men in Xew Or leans. The prejudice against the arming of negroes did not abate a particle until an other year had passed by. Then, in the summer of i So^, Congress authorized the President to accept colored volunteers, and regiments of them were formed in many places. In a very short time there were nearly 200,000 negro troops in the held, fighting for their freedom. I he Confederates, naturally, did not arm their slaves. They used them in menial work about their camps and forts. CHAPTKK XXX. EXCHANGE op PRISONERS PECULIAR POSITION OF TIIK GOVERNMENT TREATMENT OF UNION SOLDIERS IN CONFEDERATE PRISONS - AN UNFAIR EXCHANGE THE SOUTHERN PEOPLE. A HISTORY of the Civil War would not be complete without some mention of the arrangements for the exchange of prison ers and of the treatment of Federal sol diers confined in Confederate prisons. It was a long time before any plan of ex change was adopted, because the National Government, considering the Confederates as rebels against its authority, would not at first consent to enter into any nego tiations with them as equals, which it would have to do to arrange any plan for the exchange of prisoners. The gov ernment felt that the Confederates had no right to take or hold prisoners, and to treat with them would be an admission that they had, which would be worse than acknowledging them as belligerents. Still, the government could not treat the pris oners it took as rebels and hang them,. for the enemy would at once retaliate, and the war would thus become mere butch ery. - The first prisoners captured by the Federals were privateers, and they were condemned as pirates and placed in felons cells. Immediately the Confederates con fined in like manner the; officers captured at Bull Run and reserved them for the same* fate that should be meted enit to the imprisoned privateers. I hen the: [iris- oners taken on both sides soon numbered among the thousands, ami something hael to be done . At length the Fe-eleTal authorities, after trying seve-ral de-vices te> escape it, we-re- e - e>mpe-lle-el te> eipe-n negotiations with the- Confederate Government, and a plan e)f exe-hange was arrangeel. It is interesting to note the- scale- of equivalents that was agree:d upe>n in this plan. When the j re was no office-r e>f equal rank to be; exchanged feir a captive officer it was arranged that sixty privates or common seamen were te> be: given for a general in chief or an ad miral ; forty for a flag officer or major gen eral ; twenty for a commodore, carrying a broad pennant, or a brigadier general ; fifteen for a captain of the navy or a colonel ; ten for a lieutenant colonel or a commander in the navy ; eight for a lieu tenant commander or a major; six for a lieutenant or a master in the navy, or a captain in the army or marines; four for master mates in the navy or lieutenants and ensigns in the army ; three for mid shipmen and warrant officers in the navy, masters of merchant vessels and command ers of privateers ; two for second captains, lieutenants, or mates of merchant vessels or privateers, and all petty officers in the navy, and all non-commissioned officers in the army or marines. Privates and com mon seamen were exchanged for each other, man for man. This plan had been in operation but a short time, however, when Jefferson Davis, by his anger at the employment of colored troops in the Federal Army, interrupted it in January, 1863. On the I2th of that month he issued a proclamation ordering the delivery of all officers of the Federal Army, commanding negro soldiers, that FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTORY O$*THE CIVIL WAR. 509 might be captured after that date, to the respective State authorities, to be hanged, and directing that those soldiers be treated as rebels against their masters. Davis then instructed the Confederate Commissioner of Exchange to refuse to consider captive colored troops as prisoners of war. When, in August, 1863, the Federal Commis sioner demanded the revoking of these instructions, the Confederate Commis- , sioner wrote: "We will die in the last ditch before giving up the right to send slaves back into slavery." Recognizing the just claim of its negro defenders to an equal right of exchange with other Federal soldiers, the National Government caused a cessation of the ex change of prisoners until the colored troops should be treated simply as prisoners of war. The result of this action was a large increase in the number and sufferings of the Union prisoners confined at Richmond, Salisbury, Charleston, Millen and Ander- sonville. Stories of cruelty toward these prisoners soon became current, and before long it seemed as if Davis s purpose was to so ob struct exchanges that the Federal prisoners, by long and acute suffering, would be ren dered unfit for active service against him. To investigate these stories of cruelty a committee was appointed by the United States Sanitary Commission, with Dr. Val entine Mott as chairman. After several weeks investigation this committee ren dered a report in which it said: " It is the same story everywhere ; prisoners of war treated worse than convicts ; shut up either in suffocating buildings or in outdoor in- closures without even the shelter that is provided for the beasts of the field ; unsup- plied with sufficient food ; supplied with food and water injurious and even poison ous ; compelled to live on floors often cov ered with human filth, or on ground satu rated with it ; compelled to breathe an air oppressed with an intolerable stench ; hem med in by a fatal dead line, and in hourly danger of being shot by unrestrained and brutal guards ; despondent even to mad ness, idiocy and suicide ; sick, of disease (so congruous in character as to appear and spread like the plague) caused by the torrid sun, by decaying food, by filth, by vermin, by malaria and by cold ; removed at the last moment, and by hundreds at a time, to hospitals corrupt as a sepulchre, there, with a few remedies, little care and no sympathy, to die in wretchedness and despair, not only among strangers, but among enemies too resentful either to have pity or to show mercy. These are positive facts. Tens of thousands of helpless men have been, and are now being, disabled and destroyed by a process as certain as poison, and as cruel as the torture or burning at the stake, because nearly as agonizing and more prolonged. This spectacle is daily beheld and allowed by the Rebel Govern ment. No supposition of negligence, or indifference, or accident, or inefficiency, or destitution, or necessity, can account for all this. So many and such positive forms of abuse and wrong cannot come from neg ative causes. The conclusion is unavoida ble, therefore, that these privations and sufferings have been designedly inflicted by the military and other authorities of the Rebel Government, and cannot have been due to causes which such authorities could not control." The man in charge of the prisoners at Richmond for some time, and who was responsible for much of the cruelty there, was Brigadier General John H. Winder, who was among the leaders of that attacked the Massachusetts Baltimore. His reputation for treatment of prisoners was so when he was transferred to the prison at the mob troops in inhuman that great, Andersonville, in Georgia, the Richmond Examiner exclaimed : " Thank God, Rich mond has at last got rid of old Winder ! God have mercy upon those to whom he has been sent !" The Confederates themselves furnished testimony corroborative of statements made by the prisoners. In a report made in Sep tember, 1862, by Augustus R. Wright, chairman of a committee of the Confederate House of Representatives upon the pris ons at Richmond in which Union soldiers were confined, he said that the state of things was " terrible beyond description "; that "the committee could not stay in the room over a few seconds" ; and that " the committee makes the report to the Secre tary of War, and not to the House, be cause in the latter case it would be printed, and, for the honor of the nation, such things must be kept secret ! When a committee of the United States Christian Commission appeared before the lines of Lee s army and asked permission to be allowed to visit the Union prisoners at Richmond and on Belle Isle for the purpose of affording them relief, with the under standing that similar committees on like missions would be granted the same privi leges in Federal prisons, it was refused, be cause, as Confederate witnesses testified, the authorities at Richmond did not dare face an exposure of their methods. During the cessation of the exchange of prisoners nearly 40,000 Union soldiers went through the starving process and were reduced to mere skeletons, so that they had hardly strength enough to walk. Having got them to this pass the Confed erate authorities made a proposition for the resumption of exchanges. For the sake of humanity the National Government agreed to it, anil the poor fellows in Con federate prisons were liberated. It could hardly be called a fair exchange that took SEACOAST OPERATIONS AGAINST CHARLESTON BRILLIANT DASH AND CAPTURE OF CONFEDERATE RIFLE PITS PRISONERS BY THE FEDERAL TROOPS ON JAMES ISLAND, S. C., FEBRUARY 9iH, 1805, FRANK LESI.II-. S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. place then, lor the soldiers confined at the North \v".re well fed, and otherwise com fortably provided for. This was recog nized by the Confederate Commissioner of Fxchange, who, in a letter to General Winder, from City Point, when exchanges had been resumed, said : " The arrange ment I have made works largely in our favor. We get rid of a set of miserable wretches, and receive some of the best material I ever saw." If his own statements are to be believed General Lee was not one of the Confeder ate authorities who knew of the existence of a plan to starve the Union prisoners. In February, 1866, he testified before the National "Committee on Reconstruction" that he knew nothing of the alleged cruel ties about which complaints had been made ; that no reports about them had ever been submitted to him ; and that he who, by their selfish and sordid methods, brought the war upon the country. Had the people of the South been allowed to have a voice in the councils of the seceding States it is not unlikely that there never would have been a civil war, with its ter rible loss of life and destruction of property. They would probably have found some other means more humane than war for settling the differences that arose between the two sections of the country. CHAPTER XXXI. REORGANIZATION PRESIDENT JoHNSON AND CONGRESS THE RECONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE SLAVERY ABOL ISHED BY CONGRESS AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITU TION RETURN OF THE SECEDED STATES TO THE UNION CONCLUSION. IT was a long time before the country recovered from the effects of the war that had been thrust upon it. So many cliffer- sink into insignificance." Although such and even more severe language was used by the President when speaking of the lead ing Confederates, he soon showed by his actions that he not only did not mean to do what he said he would, but was in warm sympathy with the friends of the late Con federacy. In every way he could he seemed to try to retard Congress in its efforts at reorganization of the Union. He also seemed to do all he could to thwart any measures looking to the betterment of the condition of the people just made free by the proclamation of emancipation and by act of Congress. With the idea of de ceiving the people as to his real purpose in regard to the colored race, he proposed to the Governor of Mississippi to give the franchise to such of the freedmen as could read the Constitution and possessed prop- perty worth $250, well knowing that the TUTTLK NKAK KINSTON, >*. C., MARCH STH, 1865. lid not even know at the time who was in command at Andersonville, Salisbury and other places where Union soldiers were confined. But whoever knew of these cruelties to Union soldiers, or whoever was responsible for them, it is onlyjust to say that the great body of Southern people were entirely igno rant of them and in no way responsible for their existence. Had they known of the terrible suffering that was going on in their prisons they would have been just as in dignant as were the people of the North, and if they had the power to do so would have corrected the abuses at once. The great majority of the people in the South ern States were, as they are now, kind- hi-artcd, loving, humane, hospitable, and would never for a moment have tolerated such a state of things in their part of the country if they had known about it and could have helped it. They were pin posely kept in ignorance by the scheming politicians who \vrn responsible for it, and ences of opinion were entertained as to the best and most satisfactory methods of bring ing about a thorough reorganization and reconstruction that it took several years to gather the different parts of the Union into one united nation again. The country was unfortunate in having at this time a weak President, and one who did not hesitate to usurp the powers of Congress whenever he could by so doing carry out his own ideas and further his own interests. For a long time there was a war between the Executive and Legislative branches of the government. President Johnson had declared in his inaugural address his intention to punish the leading enemies of the government, and to a delegation from New Hampshire who waited upon him soon after his inau guration he said : " Treason is a crime, and must be punished as a crime. It must not be regarded as a mere difference of opinion. \t must not be excused as an unsuccessful rebellion, to be overlooked and forgiven. It is a crime before which ail other crimes laws of Mississippi made it a punishable offense to teach a colored person to read, and that in the condition of slavery not one could hold property. The first step toward the reorganization of the Union was taken by President John son in proclaiming the removal of restric tions upon commercial intercourse between the States, which he did on April 2gth, 1865. Soon afterward the President appointed provisional governors for seven of those States which had formed the original Con federate States of America. He gave them authority to call conventions of the citizens, who would have power to reorganize State governments and elect representatives to Congress. These conventions met and acted according to the President s instruc tions ; but when Congress assembled, on December 4th, it virtually condemned the President s action, as a usurpation of power, by passing a joint resolution to appoint a joint committee to be composed of nine members of the House of Representatives FRANK LESLIES ILLUSTRATED HISTORY THE CIVIL WAR. and six of the Senate, to " inquire into the condition of the States which formed the so-called Confederate States of America, and report whether they, or any of them, are entitled to be represented in either House of Congress, with leave to report at any time, by hill or otherwise ; and until such report ^hall have been made and finally acted upon by Congress no mem ber shal 1 oe received in either House from any < the so-called Confederate States ; an I all papers relating to the representa tives of the said States shall be referred United States, or any place svbject to their jurisdiction. " Sectioi 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legis lation." After the appointment of the " Recon struction Committee " Congress proceeded to the consideration of bills tending to the full and permanent restoration of the Union on a basis of equal and exact justice. In February, 1866, it passed an act for en larging the operations of the Freedman s Bureau, which had been established for the Still another bill of a similar kind, m which the elective franchise was granted to the people of the District of Columbia " with out any distinction on account of color or race," had to be re-enacted over the Presi dent s veto, in January, 1867. Despite the interference of President Johnson by vetoes and otherwise the work of reorganizing the Union was steadily pushed at different sessions of Congress. On June i3th, 1866, another amendment to the Constitution was adopted, and it was ratified by a sufficient number of States to PRESIDENT LINCOLN HIDING THKOTJGH RICHMOND, VA., APBIL 4ra, 1865, AMID THE INHABITANTS. committee." This body was as the " Reconstruction Commit- relief of emancipated slaves and poor white men who had been rendered destitute by the war. This act was vetoed by President Johnson, who, although he had announced himself as a " Moses to lead the colored to the said known tee." At this time (December, 1 865,) the slavery amendment to the Constitution, which had been adopted at the previous session of people to freedom," showed by various ac- Congress, early in the year, became part of tions that he was not willing to give them the law of the land, by the ratification of any civil rights. The bill, however, was the several State Legislatures. This amend ment, the Xlllth, reads as follows : " Section i. Neither slavery nor involun tary servitude, except as a punishment for cnme, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the promptly passed over his veto. In March he vetoed without effect another law in be half of the negro. This was the Civil Rights Law, which gave to ^//citizens, with out regard to color or previous condition of slavery, equal civil rights in the republic. THE ENTHUSIASTIC CHEERS OF make it a law in July, 1868. By this amendment " all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof," were given the rights of citizenship ; the privilege of being a Senator or Representative in Congress, or Elector of President and Vice President, or of holding any office, civil or military, un der the United States, or under any State, was denied to everyone who had taken part in the war against the government after having, as member of Congress, or any State Legislature, or as an executive, or judicial officer of any State, sworn to sup- 5 2 FRANK LESLIE S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR port the Constitution of the United States ; the National debt was declared valid, and the payment of debts incurred in aid of the Confederacy was forbidden, and the obli gations declared illegal and void. Just before this amendment was formally adopted President Johnson, in order to forestall a portion of it, issued a proclama tion, July 4th, 1868, declaring general and unconditional pardon and amnesty for all who had been engaged in acts of rebellion, December, T 868. After several weeks de bate the following, as a Fifteenth Amend ment, was adopted, February 26th, 1869: "Section i. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. " Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate leg islation." and Texas, were allowed places, th rough Senators and Representatives, in the Na tional Congress. There were three States still out of the Union, and they remained so until the year 1872. On May 22d of that year Congress passed an Amnesty Bill, in which it was resolved that the de nial of the privilege of holding office im posed by the third section of the Four teenth Amendment of the Constitution be removed from all persons excepting mem- B%s m - <" s .: v:- . THE GRAND REVIEW AT WASHINGTON, P. f!., MAY 21-m. 18<>T> PRESIDENT JOHNSON, LIEUTENANT GENERAL GRANT A\"D OTHERS INSPECTING SHERMAN S ARMY SHERMAN SALUTING AT THE HEAD OF HIS STAFF. excepting a few who were under present ment or indictment for the offense. Then on Christmas Day of the same year he fol lowed that proclamation by another, in which he granted, in direct defiance of the Fourteenth Amendment, unconditional and unreserved pardon to all and every person who had participated in the late rebellion. Another amendment to the Constitution, one securing the enfranchisement of the freedman. was proposed in Congress, in This amendment, being ratified by the Legislatures of the requisite number of States, became a part of the Constitution. Having approved of the amendments by ratification, and having adopted State Con stitutions approved by Congress, elected National Senators and Representatives, and complied with other requirements of Con gress, seven of the late Confederate States, namely, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana bers of the Thirty-sixth Congress, heads of departments, member* of diplomatic corps and officers of the army and navy who hail given their services to the Confederacy. The day after this bill was passed the three remaining States were taken back into the Union. The reorganization of the country was now complete. All the seceded States had returned to their allegiance, and the United States again became one great na tion. 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