: 111 y i|ijtiiiiHlli!iliii);ii^: 
 
 iiiPii 
 
 I iii 
 
 is 
 
 pi 
 
 m 
 i 
 
 iiiiii 
 
 lililiiWi 
 
 ill 
 
 iljii 
 
 iiiiipi 
 
 
 iii 

 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 AT LOS ANGELES
 
 4 6 9 6 11
 
 IvSAxVC WALTON. 
 
 
 
 ?'uil^/ud .fuh I. IJJ^ fy 
 
 M^.,^,J^o.:, 
 
 e^reMMy J.^,ui.yr.
 
 LIVES 
 
 DR. JOHN DONNE; SIR HENRY WOTTON; 
 MR. RICHARD HOOKER; MR. GEORGE HERBERT; 
 
 AND 
 
 DR. ROBERT SANDERSON. 
 
 Br ISAAC WALTON. 
 
 WITH 
 
 NOTES, AND THE LIFE OF THE AUTHOR. 
 BT THOMAS ZOUCH, M. A. 
 
 THESE WERE HONOURABLE MEN IN THEIR GENERATIONS. ECCLE3. xliv. J. 
 
 r R K: 
 
 SON, SPENCE, AND MAK^MJN. 
 
 EET, B. WHITE, FLEET. STREET, T. PAYNE, AT THE 
 
 ., LONDON; J. COOKE, OXFORD; J. DEICHTON, CAMBRIDGE j 
 
 lAWMAN, J.TODD, AND H. SOTHER AN, YORK. 
 
 ^nuo 1796.
 
 TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE 
 
 SIR RICHARD PEPPER ARDEN, 
 
 MASTER OF THE ROLLS, AND ONE OF HIS MAJESTY'S MOST HONOURABLE 
 PRIvy COUNCIL, 
 
 SIR, 
 
 ERFECTLY fenfible of that regard which you entertain 
 for the virtuous charadrer, I experience no difficulty in com- 
 mitting to your patronage a new edition of the following 
 pages. — They contain portraits of genuine excellence, 
 iinifhed by no unfkilful artift. Charmed from my earlieft 
 years with their captivating beauties, I fhall probably be 
 deemed a partial and prejudiced fpedtator. Be this as it may — 
 when I requefl your permiflion to infcribe to you a volume 
 which exhibits a full and adequate reprefentation of perfons 
 eminent for their great and amiable qualities, I am confident 
 of your kind indulgence. I am, 
 
 Sir, 
 
 with all poffible refpeft, 
 
 your Honour's moft obliged 
 and devoted fervant, 
 
 Wycliffe, Jan. i6, 1796. 
 
 THOMAS ZOUCH.
 
 PREFACE ro THE READER. 
 
 XT will be neceflary to obferve, that a more full and particular account 
 
 ^ of feveral of our EngliQi divines and other eminent perfons mentioned in 
 
 ^ this volume might eafily have been introduced. But fuch a detail would 
 
 have far exceeded the bounds of my plan, which was only to interfperfe 
 
 fome traits of their charadlers, fome fhort extradts from, or references to 
 
 their works, fufficient to incite in the reader a defire of acquiring a more 
 
 ^ intimate knowledge of them, by a diligent examination of their writings, 
 
 t or a more enlarged inquiry into their lives. 
 
 I CANNOT excufe myfelf from declaring that I retain the moft lively fenti- 
 ments of gratitude for thofe many inftances of kindnefs with which, in 
 ■5 the profecution of this work, I have been favoured by feveral gentlemen 
 of diftinguifhed charadler in the republic of letters. 
 
 The nave, tranfept or crofs-ailes, with the chancel of the church of 
 Leighton Bromefwcld, when viewed in the year 1 794, were in a ftate of 
 decay, and great ncgled. I am authorifed, however, to fay, that John 
 Norris, Efq. of Magdalen College, in Oxford, lord of the manor of 
 Leighton, and patron of the vicarage, intends, in concurrence with the 
 parifhioncrs, to reftore the dilapidated parts of the fabric to their former 
 ftrcngth and beauty. 
 
 The
 
 PREFACE TO THE READER. 
 
 The beautiful engraving of the north-caft view of the church is not the 
 performance of a profefTed'artift, but of a gentleman of mild and amiable 
 manners, who is now Janguifliing under the prefTure of undeferved mif- 
 fortune. 
 
 CONTENTS.
 
 CONTENTS, 
 
 LIFE OF ISAAC WALTON Page ix 
 
 WALTON'S LIVES. 
 
 DEDICATION TO DR. MORLEY, BISHOP OP WINCHESTER 3 
 
 EPISTLE TO THE READER 5 
 
 VERSES TO MR. WALTON, ON HIS LIFE OF DR. DONNE 9 
 
 LETTER FROM DR. KING, BISHOP OF CHICHESTER, TO MR. WALTON 15 
 
 ( LIFE OF DR. DONNE 23 
 
 APPENDIX WORKS OF DR. DONNE 1^3 
 
 '^ LIFE OF SIR HENRY WOTTON 11? 
 
 APPENDIX — WORKS OF SIR H. WOTTON . . . . , 1 89 
 
 LIFE OF MR. RICHARD HOOKER 193 
 
 APPENDIX TO THE LIFE OF MR. HOOKER 284 
 
 CONCERNING THE NEW CHURCH DISCIPLINE, IN A LETTER FROM MR. GEORGE"! 
 
 J. . . 293 
 CRANMER, TO MR. HOOKER J 
 
 APPENDIX — WORKS OF MR. HOOKER ; 305 
 
 LIFE OF MR. GEORGE HERBERT 3II 
 
 APPENDIX NO. I WORKS OF MR. HERBERT 393 
 
 NO. II. — ACCOUNT OF MR. ANDREW MELVILLE 398 
 
 ^, LIFE OP DR. ROBERT SANDERSON, BISHOP OF LINCOLN 407 
 
 APPENDIX WORKS OF DR. SANDERSON / . . 505 
 
 ADDENDA 509
 
 THE LIFE OF MR. ISAAC WALTON. 
 
 1 PRE SENT not to the reader the hiftory of a wife ftatefman, an adventurous 
 foldier, or a profound philofopher. Yet I truft, that he will experience 
 no fmall degree of fatisfadlion from contemplating the virtues of a private 
 citizen; who, though he arrogates not to himfelf the fplendour of high 
 defcent, or the pride of fuperfluous wealth, deferves our approbation and 
 regard. Ifaac, or as he ufually wrote his name, Izaac Walton, adorned 
 with a guilelefs fimplicity of manners, claims from every good man the 
 tribute of applaufe. It was his ambition (and furely a more honourable 
 ambition cannot be excited in the human bread) to commend to the reve- 
 rence of pofterity the merits of thofe excellent perfons, whofe comprehen- 
 five learning and exalted piety will ever endear them to our memories. 
 
 The important end of hiftorical knowledge is a prudent application of it 
 to ourfelves, with a view to regulate and amend our own conduct. As the 
 examples of men ftri£lly and faithfully difcharging their profeiTional duties 
 muft obvioufly tend to invigorate our efforts to excel in moral worth, the 
 virtuous charadlcrs, which are fo happily delineated in the following pages, 
 cannot fail, if confidered with ferious attention, of producing the moft 
 beneiicial and Lifting imprcfrions on the mind. 
 
 The Life of the Author of this biographical coUedlion was little diverfi- 
 fied with events. He was born of a refpeiSable family, on the ninth day 
 of Auguft, 1593, in the parifh of St. Maiy's, in the town of Stafford". Of 
 his father no particular tradition is extant. From his mother he derived an 
 hereditary attachment to the Proteflant religion, as profelTed in the Church 
 
 B of 
 
 " " September 1593. Baptiz. fuit Ifaac filius Jen-is Walton, XX" die menfis et anni p''' 
 ilid." — ( Rcgijler of St. Marfs, in the town of Stafford-)
 
 X THE LIFE OF 
 
 of England. She was the daughter of Edmund Cranmcr, Archdeacon of 
 Canterbury, fifter to Mr. George Cranmer the pupil and friend of Mr. 
 Richard Hooker, and niece to that lirfl: and brighteft ornament of the Re- 
 formation, Dr. Thomas Cranmer, Archbiiliop of Canterbury. No veftiges 
 of the place or manner of his education have been difcovered : Nor have we 
 any authentic information concerning his firft engagements in a mercantile 
 life. It has indeed been fuggefted, that he was one of thofe induftrious 
 young men, whom the munificence of Sir Thomas Grefham, the founder 
 of the Royal Exchange, had placed in the fhops, which were ereded in the 
 upper buildings of his celebrated Burfe"'. However this may be, he foon 
 improved his fortune by his honcfty, his frugality, and his diligence. His 
 occupation, according to the tradition ftill preferved in his family, was that 
 of a wholefalc linen-draper, or Hamburgh merchant'. 
 
 The writers of " The Life of Milton" have, with the moft fcrupulous 
 -ittention, regularly marked out the different houfes fucceffively inhabited 
 by the poet, " as if it was an injury to negledl any place, that he honoured 
 by his prefence." The various parts of London, in which Ifaac Walton 
 refided, have been recorded with the fame precilion. It is fufficient to inti- 
 mate, that he was for fome years an inhabitant of St. Dunftau's in the Weft. 
 With Dr. John Donne, then vicar of that parilh, of whofe fermons he was 
 a conftant hearer, he contradled a friendfhip, which remained uninterrupted 
 to their feparation by death. This his parifliioner attended him in his laft 
 licknefs, and was prefent at the time that he configned his fermons and 
 numerous papers to the care of Dr. Henry King, who was promoted to 
 the See of Chichefter in 1641. 
 
 He married Anne, the daughter of Thomas Ken, Efq. of Furnival's Inn; 
 a gentleman, whofe family, of an ancient extraction, was united by alliance 
 with feveral noble houfes, and had poflefled a very plentiful fortune for 
 many generations, having been known by the name of the Kens of Ken- 
 Place, 
 
 " 'Sir John Hawkins's Life of Walton," p. xiii. The ceconomy obferved in the con- 
 
 ftruflion of the fliops over the Burfe fcarce allowed him to have elbow-room. They were but 
 feven feet and a half long, and five wide. {See IFard's Life of Sir Thomas Gref!)am,p. 12.) 
 
 ' According to Anthony Wood, he followed the trade of a fempfter. (Atk. Ox. Vol. I. 
 fol. 305. St'e alfi Sir Jihn Hawkins's Life of Walton, p. xiii. xv.)
 
 MR. ISAAC WALTON. xl 
 
 Place, in Somerfetfliire. She was the fifter of Thomas Ken, afterward" the 
 deprived Bilhop of Bath and Wells. If there be a name to which I have 
 been accuftomed from my earlieft youth to look up with reverential awe, 
 it is that of this amiable prelate. The primitive innocence of his life, the 
 fuavity of his difpofition, his tafte for poetry and mufic, his acquirements as 
 a polite fcholar, his eloquence in the pulpit, for he was pronounced by 
 James II. to be the firft preacher among the Proteftant Divines — Thefe 
 endearing qualities enfure to him our efteem and affedlion. But what 
 principally commands our veneration is that invincible inflexibility of tem- 
 per, which rendered him fuperior to every fecular confideration. When 
 from a ftridt adherence to the didtates of confcience he found himfelf re- 
 duced to a private ftation, he dignified that ftation by the magnanimity of 
 his demeanour, by a humble and ferene patience, by an ardent, but unaf- 
 fedled piety. 
 
 In 1643, ^^' Walton, having declined bufmefs, retired to a fmall eftate 
 in Staffordshire, not far from the town of Stafford. His loyalty made him 
 obnoxious to the ruling powers; and we are affured by himfelf, that he 
 was a fufferer during the time of the civil wars'*. In 1643 the Covenanters 
 came back into England, marching with the Covenant glorioufly upon their 
 pikes and in their hats, with this motto, " for the crown and cove- 
 nant OF BOTH KINGDOMS." *' This," he adds, " I faw, and fuffered 
 by it. But when I look back upon the ruine of families, the bloodfhed, 
 the decay of common honefty, and how the former piety and plain-dealing 
 of this now fmful nation is turned into cruelty and cunning, when I con- 
 fiderthis, I praife God, that he prevented me from being of that party, 
 which lielped to bring in this Covenant, and thofe fad confufions that have 
 followed it." He perfevered in the mod inviolable attachment to the royal 
 caufe. In many of his writings he pathetically laments the affli£lions of 
 his fovereign, and the wretched condition of his beloved country 
 involved in all the miferies of inteftine diffentions. The incident of 
 his being inflrumental in preferving the leffer George, which belonged 
 
 B 2 to 
 
 * See *• Walton's Life of Dr. Sanderfon," p. 441.
 
 xli THE LIFE OF 
 
 to Charles II. is related in " Aflimole's Iliftcry of the Order of the 
 Garter'." 
 
 We may now apply to lilin what has been faid of Mr. Cowley ; " fome 
 few friends, a book, a cheerful heart, and innocent confcience were his com- 
 panions." In this fcene of rural privacy he was not unfrequcntly indulged 
 with the company of learned and good men. Here, as in a fafe and 
 peaceful afylum, they met with the moft cordial and grateful reception. 
 And we are informed by the Oxford Antiquary, that, whenever he went 
 from home, he reforted principally to the houfes of the eminent cler- 
 gymen of the Church of England, of whom he was much beloved. To a 
 man defirous of dilating his intelledlual improvements, no converfation 
 could be more agreeable, than that of thofe divines, who were known to 
 liave diftinguiflied him with their perfonal regard. 
 
 The Roman Poet, of whom it has been remarked that he made the liap- 
 pieft union of the courtier and the fcholar, was of plebeian origin. Yet 
 fuch was the attraftion of his manners and deportment, that he clafTed 
 among his friends the firft and moft illuftrious of his contemporaries, 
 Plotius and Varus, Pollio and Fufcus, the Vifci and the Meffalce. Nor was 
 Ifaac Walton Icfs fortunate in his fecial connexions. The times in which 
 lie lived were times of gloomy fufpicion, of danger and diftrefs, when a 
 fevere fcrutiny into the public and private behaviour of men eftablifhed a 
 rigid dlfcrimination of character. He muft therefore be allowed to have 
 poffeired a peculiar excellency of difpofition, who conciliated to himfelf an 
 habitual intimacy with Ufher the Apoftolical Primate of Ireland, with 
 Archbifhop Sheldon, with Morton, Bilhop of Durham, Pearfon of Chefter, 
 and Sanderfon of Lincoln, with the ever-memorable Mr. John Hales of 
 Eton, and the judicious Mr. Chillingworth ; in flaort, with thofe who were 
 
 moft 
 
 ' The account is alfo prefeved, by tradition, in the family. *' Col. Blague remained at 
 Mr. Barlow's houfe at Blore-Pipe, in StafFordfliirc, where, with Mr. Barlow's privity and 
 advice, he hid his Majefty's George under a heap of dull and chips, whence it was conveyed 
 through the trufty hands of Mr. Robert Milward of Stafford, to Mr. Ifaac "Walton, who con- 
 veyed it to London, to Col. Blague, then in the Tower; whence efcaping not long after, he 
 carried it with him beyond feas, and reftored it to his Majefty's own hands." (Plofs Hiji. of 
 Staffordjlilre, Ch. VIII. Seel. 77. Se^ alfo Afmiolis Hijory of the Order of the Garter, /.. 228.)
 
 MR. ISAAC WALTON. xiii 
 
 raofl celebrated for their piety and learning. Nor could he be deficient in 
 urbanity of manners or elegance of tafte, who was the companion of 
 Sir Henry Wotton, the moil accomplifhed gentleman of his age^ The 
 fingular circumfpection which he obferved in the choice of his acquaint- 
 ance, has not efcaped the notice of Mr. Cotton. " My Father Walton," 
 fays he, " will be feen twice in no man's company he does not like; and 
 likes none but fuch as he believes to be very honeft men; which is one of 
 the beft arguments, or at leaft of the beft teftimonies I have, that I either 
 am, or that he thinks me one of thofe, feeing I have not yet found him 
 weary of me^." 
 
 *■ " My next and laft example fliall be that undervaluer of money, the late Provoft of Eton 
 College, Sir Henry Wotton, a man with whom I have often fiflied and converfed ; a man, 
 whom foreign employments in the fervice of this nation, and whofe experience, learninjir, 
 
 wit, and cheerfulnefs, made his company to be efteemed one of the delights of mankind." 
 
 ( Complete Angler, P. I. Ch. I.) 
 
 In Sir Henry Wotton's verfes, written by him as he fate fifhing on the bank of a river, he 
 probably alludes to Walton himfelf, who often accompanied him in his innocent amufement : 
 
 " There flood my friend, with patient fkiil, 
 " Attending of liis trembling quill." 
 
 That this amiable and excellent perfon fet a high value on the converfation of his humble 
 friend appears from the following letter : 
 
 " MY WORTHY FRIEND, 
 
 " Since I lafl faw you, I have been confined to my chamber by a quotidian feaver, I thank 
 " God, of more contumacy than malignity. It had once left me, as I thought, but it was 
 " only to fetch more company, returning with a furcrew of thofe fplenetick vapours, that 
 " are called Hypocondriacal; of which moft fay the cure is good company, and I defne no 
 " better phyfician than yourfelf. I have in one of thofe fits endeavoured to make it more 
 " eafie by compofing a fliort hymn\ and fince I have apparelled my beft thoughts fo lightly as 
 " in verfe, I hope I {hall be pardoned a fccond vanity, if I communicated it with fuch a friend 
 " as yourfelf; to whom I wifh a cheerful fpirit, and a thankful heart to value it, as one of 
 " the greateft blefiings of our good God; in whofe dear love I leave you, remaining 
 
 " Your poor friend to ferve you, 
 
 " H. WOTTON." 
 
 (Reliquia Wottoiiiaiut, p. 361. Aih edit. See the Hymn mentioned in this Letter, in IFalton's 
 
 Life of Dr. Donne, p. 187.^ 
 
 « Complete Angler, P. II, Ch. I.
 
 xlv THE LIFE OF 
 
 Bcforc his retirement into the country, he publiOiccl " The Life of Dr. 
 Donne." It was originally appended to " LXXX Sermons, preached by 
 that learned and reverend divine, John Donne, Dr. in Divinity, late Dean 
 of the Cathedrall Church of St. Paul's, London, 1640." He had been fo- 
 licited by Sir Henry Wotton, to fupply him with materials for writing that 
 Life. Sir Henry dying in 1639, before he had made any progrefs in the 
 work, Ifaac Walton engaged in it. This, his firft efTay in biography, was 
 by more accurate revifals corredted, and confiderably enlarged in fubfe- 
 quent editions. Donne has been principally commended as a poet; — 
 Walton, who, as it has been already remarked, was a conftant hearer of his 
 fermons, makes him known to us as a preacher, eloquent, animated, affect- 
 ing. His poems, like the fky befpangled with fmall ftars, are occafionally 
 interfperfed with the ornaments of fine imagery. They muft however be 
 pronounced generally devoid of harmony of numbers, or beauty of verfifi- 
 cation. Involved in the language of metaphyfical obfcurity"", they cannot 
 be read but with fixftidioufnefs : They abound in falfe thoughts, affedted 
 phrafes, and unnatural conceits'. His fermons, though not w^ithout that 
 pedantry which debafcs the writings of almoft all the divines of thofe times, 
 are often written with energy, elegance, and copioufnefs of ftyle. Yet it 
 inufl; be confeffed, that all the wit and eloquence of the author have been 
 unable to fecure them from negledt. 
 
 An 
 
 '■ Dr. Donne affects the nietaphyfics, not only in his fatires, but in his amorous vcrfcs, where 
 nature only fliould reign, and perplexes the minds of the fair fex with nice fpeculations of 
 philofophy, when he fliould engage their hearts and entertain them M-ith the foftneffes of love. 
 In this, if I may be pardoned for fo bold a truth, Mr. Cowley has copied him to a fault, fo 
 great a one in my opinion, that it throws his " Miftrcfs" infinitely below his PIndariques and his 
 latter compofitions, which are undoubtedly the beft of his poems, and the moll corred. — 
 (Mr. DrydeiCs Dedication, prefixed to the Tranjlation of Juvenal and Perfius.) 
 
 'Mr. Pope has clafled the Englifli Poets by their fchool. Firft, School of Provence. 
 Second, School of Chaucer. Third, School of Petrarch. Fourth, School of Dante. Fifth, 
 School of Spenfer. Sixth, School of Donne. In the latter fchool he has very injudicioufly 
 placed Michael Drayton, who wrote before Donne, and not in the leaft in his manner. — 
 " Dr Donne's (poetical) writings are like a voluntary or prelude, in which a man is not 
 tied to any particular defign of air, but may change his key or mood at pleafure; fo his 
 compofitions feem to have been written without any particular fcope." ( Butler' sRemains, 
 Vol. II. p. 498.)
 
 MR. ISAAC WALTON. xv 
 
 An inftancc of filial gratitude and affedlion occurs in a letter from Mr. 
 John Donne, junior, to Mr. Ifaac Walton, thanking hiia for vviiuiig his 
 father the Dean's Life. 
 
 " SIR, 
 
 " I fend this book rather to witnefs my debt, than to make any payment. 
 " For it would be incivil in me to offer any fatibfadion for that that all 
 " my father's friends, and indeed all good men, are fo equally engaged. 
 " Courtefies that are done to the dead being examples of fo much piety, 
 " that they cannot have their reward in this life, becaufe lafting as long, 
 " and ftill (by awaking the like charity in others) propagating the debt 
 " they muft expedt a retribution from him, who gave the firft inclination. 
 
 " 2. And by this circle. Sir, I have fet you in my place, and inftead of 
 " making you a payment, I have made you a debtor; but 'tis to Almighty 
 " God, to whom I know you will be fo willingly committed, that 1 may 
 '* fafely take leave to write rayfelf, 
 
 *' Your thankful fervant, 
 
 From my lioufe in Covent-Garden, ■) TQ T)ONNE " 
 
 24.'. June, 1640. J J * * 
 
 It is difficult to difcover what correfpondence fubfifted between our bio- 
 grapher and the writer of the preceding letter, who, having been admitted 
 to the degree of Dodtor of Laws in the Univerfity of Padua, was incorpo- 
 rated in that degree at Oxford, in i638\ In a will which was printed in 
 1662, Dr. John Donne, junior, bequeathed all his father's writings, with his 
 " Common Place Book," to Ifaac Walton, for the ufe of his fon, if he 
 fhould be brought up a fcholar. That he was a clergyman, and had fome 
 preferment in the diocefe of Peterborough, w^e learn from a letter written 
 to him by Dr. John Tov/ers, Bilhop of Peterborough, his diocefan; 
 wherein his Lordfhip thanks him for the firft volume of his fatlier's 
 fermons, telling him, that his parifhioners may pardon his filence to 
 them for a while, fmce by it he hath preached to them and to their 
 children's children, and to all our Engliih pariflies, for ever. Anthony 
 Wood, although he defcribes him as a man of fenfe and parts, is unfavour- 
 able 
 
 ■^ He died in 1682, and was buried in the Churchyard of St. Paul, in Covent-Garden. .
 
 ^^l THE LIFE OF 
 
 able to his memory, lie reprefents him as no better than " an atheiftical 
 buffoon, a banterer, and a perfon of over-free thoughts, yet valued by 
 Charles II." With a farcafm not unufual to him, he informs his reader, 
 that Dr. Walter Pope " leads an epicurean and heathenifh life, much like 
 to that of Dr. Donne, the fon." Bilhop Kennet, in his " Regilter," p. 3 1 8, 
 calling him, by miftake, Dr. John Downe, names him as the editor of 
 " A Collcdion of Letters made by Sir Toby Matthews, Knight," with a 
 charadcr of the moft excellent Lady, Lucy Countefs of Carlifle, by the 
 fame author; to which are added feveral letters of his own to feveral 
 perfons of honour, who were contemporary with him, London, 1660, 8"°. 
 I cannot but obfcrve, that he neither confulted the reputation of his father, 
 nor the public good, when he caufed the " Biathanatos" to be printed. 
 If he was determined, at all events, to difregard the injundions of parental 
 authority, would it not have been more expedient to have committed the 
 manufcript to the flames, rather than to have encountered the hazard of 
 diffufmg certain novel opinions, from which no good confequences could 
 poffibly arife? For though thofe effeds did not adually follow, which are 
 mentioned by an induftrious foreign writer', who tells us, that on the fir ft 
 publication of this work, many perfons laid violent hands on themfelves; 
 
 yet 
 
 ' The following account of Dr. Donne is given in " MorliofF's Polyludor," L. VI. C. IV. 
 §xviii. "Inter quos numerandum puto johannem donne, Ecclefiae S. Pauli apud Lon- 
 dinenfes Dccauum. Ingeniofiflimum fuifle Poemata ejus juvenilia oflendunt Londini 
 A. 1633 in 4 edita, qua; anno jetatis 18 fcripfit, plena argutifTimorum conceptuum : 
 Quorum aliquot in Linguam Belgicam vertit Conftantius Hugonius a Caiolo fecundo 
 Regc follicitatus, qui inimitabilem Germanis et Belgis hujus viri ftylum putabat. Ser- 
 mones vero facyns elegantiflimos et multos, et in varies S. Scripturae textus emifit Londini, 
 diverfis annis. Scripfit et Meditationes fupcr morbo iwofacras, qua: in Linguam Belgicam con- 
 verfa; et Amilelodami 1655, in 12 editx. funt. Scripfit et Librum, quem a tali Viro fcribi 
 potuifle plane mirere, quippe qui uvTayi^^av, certis in caCbus, licitam quoque efle affirmaret : 
 Titulus, Eiafaiarc^: That Jelf-muriler is not fo naturally a Jin, that it may never he other-wife : 
 Editus vero liber dcmum poll mortem Audloris efl : Atque, ut aiunt, ipfo etiam, dum viveret, 
 ejus editioncm fcrio deprecante prohibentcque, Londini 1648, in 410. At mox, cum prodiiflet, 
 adeo fe multis horainibus probavit, ut hand pauci ejus Lettione ad mortem voluntariam adadti 
 memorentur: Recufus certe iterum Londini eft, 1644. Et haud dubie dedit occafionem 
 fcribendo alii Libro, nefcio cujus Anonymi, qui perniciofifFimam opinionem ex animis 
 hominum evellere haud abs Re tentabat." ( Pellicanicidium, or the Chriflian Advijer againjl 
 Self-murder : Tsgetker ivith a Guide, and the Pilgrim's Pafs to the Land of the Living, Lond. 
 1653, in 8vo.)
 
 MR. ISAAC WALTON. xvU 
 
 yet the moil remote probability of danger accruing from it fhould have 
 induced him entirely to have fuppreffed it. But to return from this 
 digreffion. 
 
 The narrative of the vifion in this Life of Dr. Donne hath fubjcdcd 
 the author to fome fevere animadverfions. Let it however be remembered, 
 that he probably related the matter with cautious and difcreet fidelity, as it 
 was really reprefentcd to him. The account is not inferted in the earlier 
 editions of Dr. Donne's Life. Hence we may prefume that the ftri<fteft 
 and moft fevere inquiry was made before its introdudlion. Plutarch is not 
 efteemed a credulous writer : Yet he has given a full and circumftantiai 
 hiftory of the appearances that prefented themfelves to Dion and to Brutus. 
 And in modern times Dr. Doddridge, a mofi: fedulous examiner of fa£ts, 
 and of all men the leaft liable to credulity and weaknefs of underllanding, 
 publifhed a relation of an extraordinary vifion. Let it be remarked that, 
 according to the opinion of a medical writer of great eminence, a difcrimi- 
 nating fymptom of human infanity is " the rifing up in the mind of images 
 not diftinguifhable by the patient from impreffions upon the fenfes." — 
 To a momentary delufion originating from fome bodily diforder we may 
 fafely attribute the vifions or falfe perceptions, of which many authentic 
 defcriptions have been tranfmitted to us; and we may eafily fuppofe that 
 Dr. Donne, feparated from his beloved wife and family, whom he had left 
 in a very diftrefsful fituation, muft have fuffered the moft poignant anxiety 
 of mind, and of courfe much indifpofition of body". 
 
 When the firft years of man have been devoted to " the diligence of 
 trades and noifeful gain," we have no reafon to hope that his mind will be 
 replenillied by ftudy, or enriched with literature. In the lucrative^ as well 
 as in the political life, men are tempted to aflume fome of thofe habits or 
 difpofitions, which are not entirely confiftent with the principles of juftice 
 or honour. An cagernefs to amafs wealth, not feldom extinguiflies every 
 other affeftion. But it was not thus with Ifaac Walton. Firm and uncor- 
 rupted in his integrity, he no fooner bade farewel to his commercial con- 
 
 C cerns, 
 
 "" See " Plin. Epift." L. VII. Epift. 27. " Biographia Britannlca," in the articles Ben 
 JoNsoN, Andrew Marvel. See alfo " Lord Clarendon's Hift. of theRebcliion," \o\. I. 
 P 42.
 
 xvlil THE LIFE OF 
 
 cerns, than he give the mofl: convincing proofs of his attention to the mofl 
 laudable purlliits. He had already written the life of one friend. He now 
 undertook to exhibit a teftimony of refpedt to the memory of another. In 
 i6ci, he was the editor of " Reliquiae V/ottonian;E, or a Colledtion of 
 Lives, Letters, Poems, with Characters of fundry Perfonages, and other 
 incomparable Pieces of Language and Art, by the curious Pencil of the 
 ever-memorable Sir Henry Wotton, Knt. late Provoft of Eaton College." 
 This colleftion is dedicated " to Lady Mary Wotton, relidt of the laft Lord 
 Wotton, and to her three noble daughters." Thcfe ladies communicated to 
 him many original letters, written by their illuftrious relation. After the 
 Dedication follows " The Life of Sir Henry Wotton." In the fucceeding 
 editions, the volume is infcribed to the Right Honourable Phliip Earl of 
 Chefterficld, Lord Stanhope of Shelford, and great nephew to Sir Henry 
 Wotton". This nobleman accompanying his mother, the Lady Catharine 
 Stanhope, into Holland, where flie attended thePrincels of Orange, daugh- 
 ter to Charles I. had his education along with William, Prince of Orange, 
 afterward advanced to the throne of England, and became very ferviceable 
 in promoting the reftoration of the Royal Family. He loved the memory, 
 and imitated the virtues of his generous uncle. By a life of ftritl temper- 
 ance he attained to a great age. He died, January 2 8, 1 7 1 3 °. It is proper 
 
 to 
 
 " The mother of this Lord Chefterfield was Catharine the elJcfl; daughter of Tliomas Lord 
 Wotton, and reViiX of Ilcnry Lord Stanhope, who died before his father the Earl of Chefler- 
 field. She had teen governefs to Mary Princefs of Orange, and after the Reftoration was 
 made Countefs of Clicfterfield. See " Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting," Vol. II. p. 1 13. 
 
 ° A contemporary writer has thus delineated the charadlers of Dr. Donne and Sir Henry 
 
 "Wotton " To fpeak it in a word, the Trojan Horfe was not fuller of heroic Grecians, 
 
 than' King James's reign was full of men excellent in all kinds of learning. And here I defire 
 the reader's leave to remember two of my own old acquaintance: the one was Mr. John 
 Donne, who, leaving Oxford, lived at the Inns of Court, not diffolute, but very neat; a great 
 vifitor of ladies, a great writer of conceited verfes, until fuch time as King James, taking 
 notice of the pregnancy of his wit, was a means that he took him to the ftudy of divinity, 
 and thereupon proceeding Doctor was made Dean of St. Paul's, and became fo rare a 
 preacher, that he was not only commended, but even admired by all that heard him. The 
 other was Henry "Wotton (mine old acquaintance alfo, as having been fellow pupils and 
 
 chamber-
 
 MR. ISAAC WALTON. xix 
 
 to obferve, that a later edition of the " Reliquise Wottonianae, namely that 
 of 1685, is enriched with Sir Henry Wotton's Letters to Lord Zouch, 
 who M-as eminent among his contemporaries as an able ftatefman and an 
 accomplifhed fcholar. 
 
 " The Church Hiftory of Great Britain," compiled by Dr. Thomas 
 Fuller, whofe writings, though far from being without blemifli, are of 
 ineftimable value, was firft publllhed in 1655. A converfation, feafoned 
 ■with much pleafantnefs and innocent jocularity, is faid to have paiTed be- 
 tween the author and his ever cheerful and friendly acquaintance, Mr. Ifaac 
 Walton, • upon the general character of this Work. Walton having paid 
 him a vilit, it was afked by Fuller, who knew how intimate he was with 
 feveral of the bifhops and ancient clergy, firlt, What he thought of the 
 hiftory himfelf, and then, what reception it had met with among them. 
 Walton aufvvered, that he thought "it lliould be acceptable to all tempers; 
 becaufe there vferc Jhades in it for the warm, and fitnjlnnc for thofe of a 
 cold conftitution j that with youthful readers the facetious parts would be 
 profitable to make the ferious more palatable; while fome reverend old 
 readers might fancy themfelves in his Hill:ory of the Church, as in a 
 flower garden, or one full of evergreens." — " And why -not," faid Fuller, 
 " the Church Hi/lory fo decked as well as the Church itfelf at a moft holy 
 feafon, or the tabernacle of old at the Feajl of Boughs V — " That was but 
 for a feafon," faid Walton; "in your Feajl of Boughs, they may conceive, 
 we are fo overlhadowed throughout, that the parfon is more feen than his 
 congregation, and this fometimes inviiible to its old acquaintance, who 
 may wander in the fearch, till they are loft in the labyrinth." " Oh!" 
 fays Fuller, " the very Children of our If-ael may fmd their way out of 
 this ivildernefs" " True," returned Walton, " as indeed they have here 
 fuch a Mofes to condu£t them''." 
 
 C2 His 
 
 chamber-fellows in Oxford divers years together.) This gentleman was employed by King 
 James in embairage to Venice ; and indeed the kingdom afibrdLd not a fitter man for matching 
 the capacioufnefs of the Italian wits: A man of fo able dexterity with his pen, that he hath 
 done himfelf much wrong, and the kingdom more, in leaving no more of his writings behind 
 him." (^ir Richard Baker s Chronicle of the Kings of England^ London, 1684.) 
 
 P See « Biogr. Brit." p. 2061. [P]
 
 XX THE LIFE OF 
 
 His next work was " The Life of Mr. Richard Hooker"," which firft 
 appeared in 1662. It was compofcd at the earncfl rcquefl: of Dr. Sheldon, 
 then Bifliop of London; and with the exprefs purpofe of correding fome 
 errors committed by Dr. Gauden, from mere inadvertency and hafte, iii- 
 his account of " that immortal man ^'' as he has been emphatically ftyled, 
 " ivho fpoke 710 language but that of truth ditlatcd by confcie/ice" Gauden 
 feems to have been extremely deficient in his information, and, dying foou 
 afterward, had no opportunity of revifmg and amending his very imperfed 
 and inaccurate memoir. This was followed by " The Life of Mr. George 
 Herbert," ufually called " the Divine Herbert V' iii 1670. In 1678, he con- 
 cluded his biographical labours with " The Life of Dr. Robert Sanderfon." 
 Previous to the publication of this laft work he received the following 
 interefling letter from Dr. Thomas Barlow, then Bifhop of Lincoln, who 
 had been for many years the' intimate friend of Dr. Sanderfon during his 
 refidence at Oxford, and after his retirement into the country. 
 
 " MY 
 
 "i Sir John Hawkins, in lu3 " Life of Mr. Ifaac Walton," inadvertently bbferves, that Mr. 
 Hooker was perfonally known to his biographer. The former died in 1600; the latter was 
 then only feven years of age, being born in 1593. 
 
 ' The following letter is tranfcribed from a MS. in the library bequeathed to the corpora- 
 tion of Newcaftlc-upon-Tyne, by Dr. Tomlinfon, formerly Rector of Whickham, in the 
 county of Durham. 
 
 " Sir, 
 " You fee I have not forgot my promife to you: Here are your two books: If you have 
 " never read the preface to your beloved ' A Kempis,' I fancy, it will pleafe you well ; and, 
 " if it do, fend up one tender thought for him, who conveys it to your hand. The Life of 
 " good Mr. Herbert is full of difcoveries of aftveet compofed harmonious mind, that it luill not be un- 
 " grateful neither : One hour with fuch entertainment is better than a life of long enjoyment 
 <• of the pleafures of the Louvre. It is Sunday morning, and I am halting to prayers. 
 " So give me leave to beg a fhare in your prayers for myfelf, for your fervant my wife, and 
 " for the babies. 
 
 " I am, with all fincerity. 
 Dr. ''. 12 June " Sir, your afleilionate fervant, 
 
 87 « PERTPI." 
 
 " For Mr- James Aird, from his affec. fervant, perth."
 
 MR. ISAAC WALTON. xxi 
 
 " ,\IY WORTHY FRIEND MR. WALTON, 
 
 " I am heartily glad, that you have undertaken to write the Life of that 
 " excellent perfon, and, both for learning and piety, eminent prelate, 
 " Dr. Sanderfon, late Bilhop of Lincoln ; becaufe I know your ability to 
 " know, and integrity to write truth: And fure I am, that the life and 
 " adlions of that pious and learned prelate will afford you matter enough 
 " for his commendation, and the imitation of pofterity. In order to the 
 " carrying on your intended good work, you defire my affiftance, that I 
 " would communicate to you fuch particular pafFages of his life, as were 
 " certainly known to me. I confefs I had the happinefs to be particularly 
 " known to him for about the fpace of twenty years; and, in Oxon, to 
 " enjoy his converfation, and his learned and pious inftrudions while he 
 *' was Regius Profeflbr of Divinity there. Afterwards, when (in the time 
 " of our late unhappy confafions) he left Oxon, and was retired into the 
 " country, I had the benefit of his letters; wherein, with great candour 
 " and kindnefs, he anfwered thofe doubts I propofed, and gave me that 
 " fatisfadion, which I neither had, nor expected from fome others of 
 " greater confidence, but lefs judgment and humility. Having in a letter 
 " named two or three books writ (^^ P''°fijf°) againft the being of any 
 "original fin; and that Adam, by his fall, tranfraitted fome calamity 
 " only, but no crime to his poflerity; the good old man was exceedingly 
 " troubled, and bewailed the mifery of thofe licentious times, and feemed 
 " to wonder (fave that the times were fuch) that any fhould write, or be 
 " permitted to publifh any error fo contradidory to truth, and the dodrine 
 " of the Church of England, eftabliihed (as he truly faid) by clear 
 " evidence of fcripture, and the juft and fupreme power of this nation, 
 " both facred and civil. 1 name not the books, nor their authors, which 
 " are not unknown to learned men (and I wifh they had never been 
 " knowm), becaufe both the dodrine, and the unadvifed abettors of it are, 
 " and fhall be, to me apocryphal'. 
 
 " Another little ftory I mull not pafs in filence, being an argument of 
 " Dr. Sanderfon's piety, great ability, and judgment, as a cafuift. Dif- 
 
 " courfing 
 
 ' The writer principally alluded to in this part of the Letter, was the excellent Dr. Jeremy- 
 Taylor, Bifhop of Donn and Clonner.
 
 xxii THE LIFE Of: 
 
 " courfinn; with an honourable perfon' (whofe piety I value more than 
 *' his nobility and learning, though both be great,) about a cafe of confci- 
 " ence concerning oaths and vows, theirnature and obligation; in which, 
 *' for fome particular reafons, he then defired more fully to be informed ; I 
 ** commended to him Dr. Sanderfon's book ' De Juramento;' which hav- 
 *' ing read, with great fatisfadion, he aflced me, — ' If I thought the Dodlor 
 " could be induced to write Cafes of Confcience, if he might have an 
 *' honorary penfion allowed him, to furnifli him with books for that pur- 
 " pofc?' I told him ' I believed he would:' And, in a letter to the Do<3;or, 
 " told him what great fatisfadion that honourable perfon, and many more, 
 " had reaped by reading his book ' De Juramento;' and afked him, ' whe- 
 " ther ho would be pleafed, for the benefit of the Church, to write fome 
 *' tra(£l of Cafes of Confcience?' He replied, ' That he was glad that any 
 " had received any benefit by his books:' And added further, ' That if 
 " any future tradt of his could bring fuch benefit to any, as we feemed to 
 " fay his former had done, he would willingly, though without any pen- 
 " fion, fct about that work.' Having received this anfwer, that honour- 
 " able perfon, before mentioned, did, by my hands, return 50I. to the good 
 " DoiStor, whofe condition then (as moft good men's at that time were) 
 " was but low; and he prefently revifed, finifhed, and publifhed that ex- 
 " cellcnt book, ' De Confcientia :' A book little in bulk, but not fo if we 
 " confider the benefit an intelligent reader may receive by it. For there 
 " are fo many general propofitions concerning confcience, the nature and 
 " obligation of it explained, and proved with fuch firm confequcnce and 
 " evidence of reafon, that he who reads, remembers, and can with prudence 
 " pertinently apply them hie et nunc to particular cafes, may, by their light 
 *' and help, rationally refolve a thoufand particular doubts and fcruples of 
 " confcience. Here you may fee the charity of that honourable perfon in 
 " promoting, and the piety and induftry of the good Dodor, in performing 
 " that excellent work. 
 
 " And here I fhall add the judgment of that learned and pious prelate 
 " concerning a paflage very pertinent to our prefent purpofe. When he 
 
 " was 
 ' Robert Boyle, Efq.
 
 MR. ISAAC WALTON". xxiH 
 
 " was ill Oxon, and read his public ledures in the fchools as Regius Pro- 
 " feflbr of Divinity, and by the truth of his pofitions, and evidences of his 
 " proofs, gave great content and fatisfadion to all his hearers, efpecially 
 " in his clear refolutions of all difficult cafes which occurred in the expli- 
 " cation of the fubjed matter of his ledtures; a perfon of quality (yet alive) 
 " privately alked him, ' What courfe a young divine (hould take in his 
 " ftudies to enable him to be a good cafuift ?' His anfwer was, ' That a 
 " convenient underftanding of the learned languages, at leaft of Hebrew, 
 " Greek, and Latin, and a fufficient knowledge of arts and fciences pre- 
 " fuppofed: There were two things in human literature, a comprehenfion 
 "of which would be of very great ufe, to enable a man to be a rational 
 " and able cafuift, which otherwife was very difficult, if not impoffible : 
 " I. A convenient knowledge of moral philofophy; efpecially that part of 
 " it which treats of the nature of human anions: To know, quid fit aBus 
 *' hiimamis (fpontaneus, invitus^ mixtus ) imde habcnt bonitattm et maUtiam 
 " moralemf an ex genere et objeElo ^ vel ex circumjlantiis? How the variety 
 " of circumftances varies the goodnefs or evil of human adions? How far 
 " knowledge and ignorance may aggravate or excufe, increafe or diminifli 
 " the goodnefs or evil of our actions ? For every cafe of confcience being 
 " only this — Is this aSfion good or bad? May I do it^ or may I not? — He 
 " who, in thefe, knows not how and whence human actions become 
 " morally good and evil, never can (in hypothefi) rationally and certainly 
 
 " determine, whether this or that particular adion be fo. 2. The fecond 
 
 " thing, which,' he faid, ' would be a great help and advantage to a cafuift, 
 " was a convenient knowledge of the nature and obligation of laws in 
 " general: to know what a law isj what a natural and pofuive law; what's 
 " required to the Latio, difpenfatio^ d'rogatio, vel abrogatio legis; what pro- 
 " mulgation is antecedently required to the obligation of any pofitive law; 
 " what ignorance takes off the obligation of a law, or does excufe, diminifh 
 " or aggravate the tranfgreffion: For every cafe of confcience being only 
 " this — Is this lawfid for me^ or is it not? and the law the only rule and 
 " meafure by which I muft judge of the lawfulnefs or unlawfulnefs of 
 " any a£tion; it evidently follows, that he, who, in thefe, knows not the 
 ** nature and obligation of laws, never can be a good cafuift, or rationally 
 
 "aflure
 
 xxiv THE LIFE OF 
 
 " aHure himfclf, or others, of the lawfulnefs or unlawfulnefs of adtlons in 
 " particular.' 
 
 " This was the judgment and good counfel of that learned and pious 
 " prelate: And having, hy long experience, found the truth and bcnelit of 
 " it, I conceive, I could not without ingratitude to him, and want of charity 
 " to others, conceal it. — Pray pardon this rude, and, I fear, impertinent 
 " fcribble, which, if nothing clfe, may fignify thus much, that I am willing 
 " to obey your defircs, and am indeed, 
 
 " Your afFedionate friend, 
 
 London, Ma> .0, .678. «« THOMAS LINCOLN." 
 
 Among the literary charadlers of the fixteenth century, none appears 
 with more tranfcendent luftre than that of Sir Henry Savile, a magnificent 
 patron of merit, and a complete gentleman. He feems to have traverfed 
 the whole range of fcience, being equally celebrated for his knowledge of 
 ancient and modern learning. The life of this illuftiious fcholar would be 
 a valuable acquifition to the Republic of Letters. That it was adlually 
 compiled by Mr. Ifaac Walton, we have every reafon to conclude. Dr. 
 King Bifliop of Chichefter, in his letter to him, [dated Nov. 17, 1664, 
 tells him, that " he has done much for Sir Henry Savile, the contemporary 
 and friend of Mr. Richard Hooker." It is ferioufly to be regretted, that 
 the moft diligent inquiry after this work has hitherto proved unfuccefsful". 
 
 Among 
 
 " The following particulars, relative to Sir Henry Savile are colleded from Mr. Aubrey's 
 " Lives of Mathematical Writers." He was as learned a gentleman as any of his time. 
 Mr. Hobbes informed Mr. Aubrey, that Sir Henry Savile was ambitious of being thought as 
 great a fcholar as Jofeph Scaliger. But if in the attainments of claflic literature he was in- 
 ferior to Scaliger, in mathematical knowledge Dr. Wallis declared him to be exceeded by 
 none of his contemporaries. He was a very handfome and beautiful man : No lady had a 
 fairer complexion. Queen Elizabeth, to whom he explained Greek authors and politics, 
 favoured him much. He was preferred by her to be Mailer of Eton College, of which he 
 was fo fevere a governor, that the fcholars hated him for liis aufterity. To men of wit he 
 gave no encouragement. When a young fcholar was named to him as a good wit, he would 
 rejedt him, and choofe the plodding ftudent. John Earle, afterward Bifhop of Sarum, being 
 recommended to him, on that account, was the only one of that charader, to whom he ex- 
 tended
 
 MR. ISAAC WALTON. xxv 
 
 Among thofc wliom Sir Henry Savilc honoured with his friendfhip 
 r/as Mr. John Hales of Eton. Mr. Anthony Farringdon, an eminent 
 preacher, and a man of extenfive learning and exemplary piety, had col- 
 lecfted materials with a view to write the life of this incomparable perfon. 
 On his deniife, his papers were configned to the care of Mr. Ifaac Walton, 
 by Mr. William Fulman, of Corpus Chrifti College, Oxford, who had 
 propofed to hnifh the work, and on that occafion had applied for the 
 affiftance of our biographer. The refult of this application is not known. 
 " Fulman's Collection of Manufcripts," written with his own hand, was 
 depofited in the archives of the library of his college, and Wood laments 
 that he was refufed accefs to them. It is unneceflury to add, that " The 
 Life of Mr. Hales," by Mr. Dez-maizeaux, was publifhed in 1716. 
 
 Angling had been long a favourite diverfion in England. Alexander 
 Nowell, Dean of St. Paul's, the compofer of " that good plain unperplexed 
 Catechifm, which is in our good old Service Book," was a lover of, and' 
 moft experienced proficient in this delightful art. It was his cuftom, 
 befides his fixed hours of private and public prayer, to fpend a tenth part of 
 
 D his 
 
 tended his patronage. He treated the Fellows of Eton College with afperity ; and his influ- 
 ence with the Queen rendered all oppofition vain. When Mr. Gunter came from London 
 to be appointed his Profcflbr in Geometry, he brought with him his feftor and quadrant, 
 with which he began to refolve triangles, and to perform feveral operations. This difgufled 
 the grave knight, who confidered the operations as fo many triclcs below the dignity of a 
 mathematician, and he immediately conferred the profefforfliip on another candidate, Mr. 
 
 Briggs from Cambridge. Mr. Aiibrey learned from Dr. Wallis, that Sir Henry Savile had 
 
 fufEciently confuted Jofeph Scaliger's Tra£l " De Quadratura Circuli," in his notes on the 
 very margin of the book: And that, fometimes, when Scaliger fays, " A B C D ex 
 Conftruftione," Sir Henry adds with his pen; " et demonftratio veflra eft afinus ex con- 
 flruftione." 
 
 In his travels he had contra£l:ed a general acquaintance with learned men abroad ; by which 
 means he had accefs to feveral Greek MSS. in their libraries, and thus obtained correft 
 copies by his amanuenfis, who tranfcribed the Greek chara£ler with admirable (kill. Fronto 
 Duca;us, a French Jefuit of Bourdeaux, clandeflinely engaged a perfon to fupply him, every 
 week, with the fheets of Sir Henry Savile's Greek edition of " The Works of Chryfoftoni," 
 printed at Eton, of which he compofed a Latin tranflation ; and publiflied " Chryfoflom's 
 Works," in Greek and Latin -, thus fuperfeding the fale of the Engliih impreffion. Sir Hcniy 
 Savile died Feb. 19, 1621, having been Provoft of Eton College twenty-five years.
 
 xxvi THE LIFE OF 
 
 his time in this amufement, and alfo to beftow a tenth part of his revenue, 
 and ufually all his fiih among the poor, faying, that " charity gave life to 
 religion"' An elegant Latin poem", written by Dr. Simon Ford, was in- 
 fcribed to Archbilhop Sheldon, who, in his younger years, being fond of 
 this diverfion, is faid to have acquired a fupcrior fkill in taking the Umber 
 or Barbel, " a heavy and a dogged lilh to be dealt withal." Dr. Donne is 
 called " a great pradlitioner, mafter, and patron of angling":" And we learn 
 from good authority, that Mr. George Herbert loved angling; a circum- 
 ftance that is rather to be believed, " becaufe he had a fpirit fuitable to 
 anglers, and to thofe primitive Chriftians who are fo much loved and com- 
 mended." Let not thefe remarks provoke the chaftifement of cenfure: 
 Let them not be condemned as nugatory and infignificant : Amidft our 
 difquietudes and delufive cares, amidft the painful anxiety, the difguftful 
 irkfomenefs, which are often the unwelcome attendants on bufmefs and on 
 ftudy, an harmlefs gratification is not merely excufable, it is in fome degree 
 
 necefTary. 
 
 '' Sec " Walton's Complete Angler," Parti. Ch. I. At Brazen-Nofe College, in Oxford, 
 
 of which Dr. Nowell was Principal, is a portrait of him with a fifhing-rod over his head, a 
 paper of fifhing-hooks in his hand, and this infcription : 
 
 ALEXANDER NOWELLUS, SACRiE THEOLOGI^ PROFESSOR, 
 S. PAULI DECANUS OBIIT I3 FEB. ANNO DOM. 160I, R. R. ELIZ. 44, 
 AN. DECANATUS 42. ^TATIS SUJE 95; CUM NEQUE OCULI 
 CALIGARENT, NEQUE AURES OBTUSIOKES, NEQUE MEMORIA 
 INFIRMIOR, NEQUE ANIMI ULLB FACULTATES VIET^ ESSENT. 
 PISCATOR HOMINUM. 
 
 (Glitch's Wood's Hift. and Aiiilq. of the Univ. of Oxford, p. 370.) 
 
 Among other afls of beneficence, this venerable man founded the Free Grammar School 
 of Middleton, in Lancafhire, in 1572, and endowed it with a fmall ftipend for two mafters. 
 
 " "Mufse Anglicanje," Vol. I. p. 97. — Gervafe Markham, the author of " The Whole Art 
 of Angling," 4to. 1656, rather proceeds too far, when he tells his reader, that an angler 
 fliould be " a general fcholar, and feen in all the liberal fciences j" that he fliouldbc " a gram- 
 marian, a logician, and a philofopher." 
 
 =" The Author of " The Angler's Sure Guide," 8vo. 1706, has attributed a book entitled, 
 '• The Secrets of Angling, by J. D." to Dr. Donne.
 
 MR. ISAAC WATLON. xxviL 
 
 neccflary''. In the fkilful management of the angle, Ifaac Walton is acknow- 
 ledged to bear away the prize from all his contemporaries. The river whicli 
 he feems principally to have frequented, for the purpofe of purfuing his 
 inofFenfive amufement, was the Lea, which, rifmg above the town of Ware 
 in Hertfordshire, falls into the Thames a little below Blackwall; " unlefs 
 we will fuppofe that the vicinity of the New River to the place of his habi- 
 tation might fometimes tempt him out with his friends, honeft Nat and 
 R. Roe, whofe lofs he fo pathetically mentions, to fpend an afternoon 
 there"." In his tradt of" The Complete Angler, or the Contemplative 
 Man's Recreation," he has comprifed the cleareft and fulleft inftrudlions 
 for the attainment of a thorough proficiency in the art. James Duport, 
 the Greek Profeflbr at Cambridge, who was far from being a novice in the 
 ufe of the rod% difdained not, on this occafion, to addrefs our author in a 
 beautiful Latin Iambic Ode, of which the following claffic verfion will not 
 be unacceptable to the reader''. 
 
 " Hail "Walton! honoured friend of mine, 
 
 " Mighty mafter of the line! 
 
 " Whether down fome valley's fide 
 
 " You walk to watch the fmooth ftream glide, 
 
 " Or on the flow'ry margin ftand 
 
 " To cheat the fifli with cunning hand, 
 
 D 2 « Or 
 
 >■ " The Experienced Angler," a little tradt, written by Colonel Robert Venables, is now 
 before me. The perufal of it calls to memory the days of youth, the guilelefs fcenes of 
 earlier life, fpent with innocent companions, in " delightful walks by pleafant rivers, in fweet 
 paftures, and among odoriferous flowers." The concluding obfervation in this little book 
 applies to all readers: "Make not a daily praBlce, •which is nothing elfe but a prof ejfiotiy of any 
 recreation ; lejt your Immoderate love and delight therein bring a crofs -with it, and blafl all your 
 content and pleafure in the fame." I mention this entertaining work, becaufe Ifaac Walton has 
 prefixed to it not a preface, but an " Epiftle to the Author," who was perfonally unknown to 
 him. Having accidentally feen the difcourfe in manufcript, he held himfelf obliged, in point 
 of gratitude, for the great advantage he had received thereby, to tender his particular acknow- 
 ledgment. The teftimony of fo expert an angler could not fail of recommending the tract. 
 
 ' " Biographical Didtionary," in the article Walton Isaac. 
 
 • He calls himfelf " Candidatum arundinis." 
 
 »• For this verfion I am indebted to Mr. James Tate, B. A. Fellow of Sidney Suflex College, 
 Cambridge.
 
 xxviii THE LIFE OF 
 
 " Or on the green bank, feated ftill, 
 
 " With quick eye guard the dancing quill. 
 
 " Thrice happy fage I who, diftant far 
 
 " From the wrangling forum's war, 
 
 «' From the city's buftling train, 
 
 " From the bufy hum of men, 
 
 " Haunt fome gentle ftream, and ply 
 
 " Your honeft crafts, to lure the fry : 
 
 «' And while the world around you fet 
 
 " The bafe decoy and treacherous net, 
 
 " Man againfl: man, th' infidious wile, 
 
 " Or, the rich dotard to beguile, 
 
 " Bait high with gifts the fmiling hook 
 
 " All gilt with Flattery's fweeteft look;. 
 
 " Arm'd for the innocent deceit, 
 
 " You love the fcaly brood to cheat, 
 
 " And tempt that water-wolf, the pike, 
 
 " With rav'ning tooth his prey to (Irike, 
 
 " Or in the minnow's living head 
 
 " Or in the writhed brandling red 
 
 " Fix your well-charged hook, to gull 
 
 " The greedy perch, bold biting fool, 
 
 " Or with the tender mofs-worm tried 
 
 " Win the nice trout's fpeckled pride, 
 
 " Or on the carp, whofe wary eye 
 
 " Admits no vulgar tackle nigh, 
 
 " Eflay your art's fupreme addrefs, 
 
 " And beat the fox in fheer fineffe: 
 
 " The tench, phyfician of the brook, 
 
 " Owns the magic of your hook, 
 
 " The little gudgeon's thoughtlefs hafte 
 
 " Yields a brief yet fweet repaft, 
 
 •• And the whilker'd barbie pays 
 
 " His coarfer bulk to fwell your praife. 
 
 " Such the amufement of your hours, 
 
 " While the feafon aids your powers; 
 
 " Nor {hall my friend a fingle day 
 
 "' Ere pafs without a line away. 
 
 " Nor thefe alone your honours bound, 
 
 " The tricks experience has found; 
 
 « SuWimer
 
 MR. ISAAC WALTON. xxix 
 
 " Sublimer theory lifts your name 
 " Above the fifher's fimple fame, 
 " And in the practice you excel 
 " Of what none elfe can teach as well, 
 *' And wield at once with equal Ikill 
 " The ufeful powers of either quill. 
 " With all that winning grace of ftyle, 
 " What elfe were tedious, to beguile, 
 " A fecond Oppian, you impart 
 *' The fecrcts of the angling art, 
 " Each fifli's nature, and how belt 
 " To fit the bait to every tafte, 
 " Till in the fcholar, that you train, 
 " The accomplifli'd mafter lives again. 
 " And ycl your pea alpircs above 
 " The maxims of the art you love; 
 " The' virtues, faintly taught by rule, 
 " Are better learnt in angling's fchool, 
 " Where Temperance, that drinks the rill, 
 " And Patience, fovereign over ill, 
 " By many an a£live leflbn bought, 
 " Refine the foul, and fteel the thought. 
 " Far higher truths you love to ftart, 
 " To train us to a nobler art, 
 " And in the lives of good men give 
 " That chiefeft leflbn, how to live; 
 " While Hooker, philofophic fage, 
 " Becomes the wonder of your page, 
 " Or while we fee combin'd in one 
 *' The Wit and the Divine in Donne, 
 " Or while the Poet and the Prieft, 
 " In Herbert's fainted form confeft, 
 " Unfold the temple's holy maze 
 " That awes and yet invites our gaze : 
 " Worthies thefe of pious name 
 " From your pourtraying pencil claim 
 " A fecond life, and ftrike anew 
 " With fond delight the admiring view. 
 " And thus at once the peopled brook 
 " Submits its captives to your hook, 
 
 « And
 
 XXX THE LIFE OF 
 
 " And wc, the wifer fons of men, 
 
 " Yield to the magic of your pen, 
 
 " While angling on feme (Ireamlet's brink 
 
 " The mufc and you combine to think." 
 
 In this volume of " The Complete Angler," which will be always read 
 with avidity, even by thofe who entertain no ftrong relifh for the art which 
 it profefles to teach, we difcover a copious vein of innocent pleafantry and 
 good humour. The fcenes defcriptive of rural life are inimitably beau- 
 tiful. How artlefs and unadorned is the language ! The dialogue is diverfi- 
 fied with all the characteriftic beauties of colloquial compofition. The 
 fongs and little poems, which are ocrafionally inferted, will abundantly 
 gratify the reader, who has a tafte for the charms of paftoral poefy. And, 
 above all, thofe lovely leflbns of religious and moral inftrudtion, which are 
 fo repeatedly inculcated throughout the whole work, will ever recommend 
 this exquifitely pleafmg performance". It was firft printed in 1653, with 
 the figures of the fifhes very elegantly engraved, probably by Lombart, on 
 plates of fteel ; and was fo generally read as to pafs through five editions 
 during the life of the author. The fecond edition is dated in 1655, ^^^ 
 third in 1661 ; and in 1668, the fourth appeared with many valuable ad- 
 ditions, and improvements. The lovers of angling, to whom this treatife 
 is familiar, arc apprifed, that the art of fifhing with the fly is not difcufled 
 ■with fufficient accuracy ; the few directions that are given, having been prin- 
 cipally 
 
 ' I venture to quote the following beautiful pafTage. " Content will never dwell but in a 
 meek and quiet foul. And this may appear, if we read and confider what our Saviour fays 
 in St. Matthew's Gofpel: For there he fiiys, ' Blefled are the merciful, for they fhall obtain 
 mercy: Blefled be the pure in heart, for they (hall fee God: Blefled be the poor in fpirit, for 
 theirs is the kingdom of God : And blefled be the meek, for they Ihall poflefs the earth.' 
 Not that the meek fliall not alfo obtain mercy, and fee God, and be comforted, and at laft 
 come to the kingdom of heaven -, but in the mean time he, and he only, poflefles the earth as 
 he goes towards that kingdom of heaven, by being humble, and cheerful, and content with what 
 his good God has allotted him. He has no turbulent, repining, vexatious thoughts, that he 
 deferves better ; nor is vext, when he fees others pofleft of more honour, or more riches than 
 his wife God has allotted for his fhare : But he poflefles what he has with a meek and con- 
 tented quietnefs, fuch a quietnefs as makes his very dreams plcafing both to God and 
 himfelf." (Complete Angler, P. I. Ch. xxi.)
 
 MR. ISAAC WALTON. xxxi 
 
 eipally communicated by Mr. Thomas Barker, who has written a very 
 entertaining tra£t on the fubjedt. To remedy this defed, and to give leffons 
 how to angle for a trout or grayling in a clear ftream, a fifth and much im- 
 proved edition was publi(hed in 1676, with a fecond part by Charles 
 Cotton", of Beresford, in StafFordfhire, Efq. This gentle nan, who is re- 
 prefented as the moil laborious trout-catcher, if not the moft experienced 
 angler for trout and grayling that England ever had, to teftify his regard 
 for Mr. Walton, had caufed the words PISCATORIBUS SACRUxM, with 
 a cypher underneath, comprehending the initial letters of both their names, 
 to be infcribed on the front of his fifhing-houfe. This little building was 
 fituated near the banks of the river Dove, which divides the two counties 
 of Stafford and Derby. Here Mr. Walton ufually fpent his vernal months, 
 carrying with him the beft and choicefl of all earthly bleffmgs, a contem- 
 plative mind, a cheerful difpofition, an adlive and an healthful body. So 
 beauteous did the fcenery of this delightful fpot appear to him, that, to ufe 
 his own words, " the pleafantnefs of the river, mountains, and meadows 
 about it, cannot be defcribed, unlefs Sir Philip Sidney, or Mr. Cotton's 
 father were again alive to do it'." 
 
 In the latter years of the reign of Charles II. the violence of fadlion burft 
 forth with renovated fury. The difcontents of the Nonconformifls were 
 daily increafmg; while Popery afTumed frelh hopes of re-eflablifhing itfelf 
 
 by 
 
 •i Dr. Plot, in " The Natural Hiflory of StafFordfliire," p. 48, ftyles Charles Cotton, of 
 Beresford, Efq. " his worthy, learned, and moft ingenious friend." Beresford lies in the 
 county of Stafford, on the banks of the river Dove ; and not far from Dovedalc ; of the beau- 
 ties of which, fee " Aikin's Defcription of the Country round Manchefter," p. 501. 
 
 * " Oh my beloved nymph, fair Dove ! 
 " Princefs of rivers ! how I love 
 
 " Upon thy flovv'ry banks to lie, 
 " And view tliy filver Itream 
 " When gilded by a fummer's beam ! 
 " And in it all thy wanton fry 
 " Playing at liberty: 
 " And, with my angle upon them, 
 
 " The all of treachery 
 " I ever learnt induftrioufly to try," 
 
 (The RctWfmem, by Mr, Cotton, St. vi.)
 
 xxxii THE LIFE OE 
 
 by fomenthig and encouraging the cUvifions, that unhappily fubfifted among 
 Proteftants. A tnid:, entitled " The Naked Truth, or the True State of 
 the Chuixh," was publilhed in 1675, and attributed to Dr. Herbert Croft, 
 Bifhop of Hereford. Eager to accomplifh an union of the Diflenters with 
 the Church of England, and to include them within its pale, this prelate 
 hefuated not to iuggeft the expediency of propohng feveral concefhons to 
 them, with refpedt to the rites and ceremonies then in ufe, and even to com- 
 ply with their unrcafonable demand of abolifhing Epifcopacy. It may be 
 eafily prcfumed, that thefe propofals met with no very favourable reception: 
 They were animadverted upon with much fpirit and ability, in various pub- 
 lications ^ In the mean time, animofities prevailed without any profpedl of 
 their termination. From fanaticifm on one fide, and from fuperftition on 
 the other, real danger was apprehended. Thofe, Avho exerted themfclves 
 in maintaining the legal rights and liberties of the eftablifhcd Church, were 
 denominated ' Whigs.' Moft of them were perfons eminent for their learn- 
 ing, and very cordially attached to the eftablifhed Conftitution: Others, 
 who oppofcd the Diflenters, and were thought to be more in fear of a 
 republic than a Popifh fucceflbr, were diftinguiflied by the name of ' Tories.' 
 At this critical period, Ifaac Walton expreffed his folicitude for the real wel- 
 fare of his country, not with a view to embarrafs himfelf in difputation, — 
 for his nature was totally abhorrent from controverfy, — but to give an in- 
 genuous and undiflembled account of his own faith and practice, as a true fon 
 of the Church of England. His modefl:y precluded him from annexing his 
 name to the treatife, which he compofed at this time; and which appeared, 
 firft, in 1680, under the title of " Love and Truth^, in two modeft and 
 
 peaceable 
 
 f Three celebrated tra£ts on this fubje£l were anonymous, i. " Animr.dverfions on a pam- 
 phlet, entitled ' The Naked Truth,' London, 1676." This was written by Dr. Francis Turner, 
 Mailer of St. John's College, Cambridge; and afterward fucceflively Bifliop ot Rochefter and 
 Ely. 2. " Lex Talionis, or the Author of The Naked Truth flripped naked, 1676." This 
 work is attributed to Mr. Philip Fell, one of the fellows of Eton College. 3. " A Modeft 
 Survey of the moft Confiderable Things, in a Difcourfe lately publifhed, entitled ' Naked 
 Truth.' In a Letter to a Friend, 1676." Dr. Burnet owned himfelf to be the author of this 
 laft tract. 
 
 E The author, in the choice of the title affixed to his trait, might allude to EpheJ. iv. 15. 
 " Speaking the Truth in Love"
 
 MR. ISAAC WALTON. xxxiii 
 
 peaceable Letters, concerning the Diftempers of the prefent Times; written 
 from a quiet and conformable Citizen of London, to two bufie and fa£lions 
 Shopkeepers in Coventry, ' But let none of you fufFer as a bufie-body in 
 other Men's Matters",' i Pet. iv. 15. 1680." The ftyle, the fentiment, 
 the argumentation, are fuch as might be expedled from a plain man, 
 adtuated only by an honeft zeal to promote the public peace. And if we 
 confider that it was written by him in the 87th year of his age, a period 
 of life when the faculties of the mind are ufually on the decline, it will be 
 fcarce poflible not to admire the clearnefs of his judgment, and the unim- 
 paired vigour of his memory. The real purport of this work, which is not 
 altogether unapplicable to more recent times, and which breathes the ge- 
 nuine fpirit of benevolence and candour, is happily exprelTed in the author's 
 own words to the perfon, whom he addrefles in the fecond letter. 
 
 " This I befeech you to confider ferioufly : And, good couiin, let mc 
 advife you to be one of the thankful and quiet party; for it will bring 
 peace at laft'. Let neither your difcourfe nor pradlice be to encourage, 
 or affift in making a fchifm in that church, in which you were baptized 
 and adopted a Chriftian; for you may continue in it with fafety to your 
 foul; you.-may in it ftudy fanitification, and pradife it to what degree 
 God, by his grace, fhall enable you. You may fall as much as you will; 
 be as humble as you will; pray both publicly and privately as much 
 as you will; vifit and comfort as many diftrefled and dejedled families 
 as you will; be as liberal and charitable to the poor as you think fit 
 and are able. Thefe, and all other of thofe undoubted Chriftian grcces, 
 that accompany falvation, you may pra(3:ife either publicly or privately, a'^. 
 much and as often as you think fit; and yet keep in the communion of 
 
 E that 
 
 * This traft is affigned to Mr. Ifaac Walton, on the bed authority, that of Archbifiiop 
 Sancroft, who, in a volume of Mifcellanies — ( Mifcellanea 14, 2, 34.) — in the library of Emanuel 
 College, in Cambridge, has, with his own hand, marked its title thus: " If. Walton's 2 letters 
 cone, y' Diftemps of y' Times, 1680." 
 
 ' Such kind advice accorded with his ufual fentiments. 
 
 " Ven. This is my purpofe, and fo let every thing that hath breath praife the Lord. Let 
 the bleffing of St. Peter's Mafter be with mine. 
 
 " Pisc. And upon all that are lovers of virtue, and dare trufl: in his Providence, and be 
 " quiet, and go an angling. ' Study to be quiet,' " i TheJT. iv. 1 1. ( Cqw^-cU Av^kry P. I. .-. i.'
 
 xxxiv THE LIFE OF 
 
 that church, of which you were made a member by your baptifra. Thcfc 
 graces you may pradife, and not be a bufie-body in promoting fchifm and 
 faU'ion; as God knows your father's friends, Hugh Peters and John Lilbourn 
 did, to the ruinc of themfelves, and many of their diiciples. Their turbu- 
 lent lives and uncomfortable deaths are not, I hope, yet worn out of the 
 memory of many. He that compares them with the holy life and happy 
 death of MV. George Herbert^ as it is plainly, and, I hope, truly writ by 
 Mr. Ifaac Walton^ may in it find a perfeiEl pattern for an humble and de- 
 vout Chriftian to imitate: And he that copJiders the reftlefs lives and un- 
 comfortable deaths of th£ otiier two (who always lived like the falamander, 
 in the fire of contention), and confiders the difmal confequences of fchifm 
 and fedition, will (if prejudice and a malicious zeal have not fo blinded 
 him that he cannot fee reafon) be fo convinced, as to beg of God to give 
 him a meek and quiet fpirit; and that he may, by his grace, be prevented ' 
 from being a bufie-body, in what concerns him not." 
 
 Such admonitions as thefe could only proceed from a heart overflow- 
 ing with goodncfs, — a heart, as was faid concerning that of Sir Henry 
 Wotton, " in which Peace, Patience, and calm Content did inhabit." 
 
 His intercourfe with learned men, and the frequent and familiar convcr- 
 fations' which he held with them, afibrded him many opportunities of 
 obtaining feveral valuable anecdotes relative to thehiftory of his contempo- 
 raries. The following literary curiofity is preferved in the A{hmolean 
 Mufeum, at Oxford : 
 
 " ffor y^ fFriends q"' this: 
 
 " I only knew Ben Johnfon: But my Lord of Winton knew him very 
 " well"; and fays, he was in the 6% that is, the upermoft fforme in Weft- 
 " minfter fcole, at which time his father dyed, and his mother married a 
 " brickelayer, who made him (much againfl: his will) help him in his trade; 
 " but in a fliort time, his fcole-maifter, Mr. Camden, got him a better im- 
 " ploymcnt, which was to atend or acompany a fon of Sir Walter Rauley's, 
 " in his travills. Within a fhort time after their return, they parted (I 
 " think not in cole bloud) and with a loue futable to what they had in 
 
 " their 
 
 " Dr. Morley, Blfliop of Winchefter, in the early part of his Hfe, was " one of Ben Jon- 
 fon's fons." 
 
 I
 
 TVIR. ISAAC WALTON. xkxv 
 
 " their travilles (not to be comended). And then Ben began to let up for 
 " himfelfe in the trade by which he got his fubfiftance and fame, of which 
 ^' I need not give any account. He got in time to have a iodI. a yeare 
 " from the king, alfo a penfion from the cittie, and the Uke from many of the 
 " nobilitie and fome of the gentry, w"'" was well pay'd, for love or fere of his 
 " railing in verfe, or profe, or boeth. My lord told me, he told him he was 
 " (in his long retyrement and licknes, when he faw him, which was often) 
 *' much afflickted, that hee had profained the fcripture in his playes, and 
 " lamented it with horror : yet that, at that time of his long retyrement, 
 " his penfion (fo m.uch as came in) was giuen to a woman that gouern'd 
 " him (with whome he liu'd and dyed nere the Abie inWeftminfter;) and 
 " that nether he nor {he tooke much care for next weike: and wood be 
 " fure not to want wine: of w"" he ufually tooke too much before he went 
 " to bed, if not ofteaer and foner. My lord tells me, he knowes not, but 
 " thinks he w^as born in Weftminiler. The queftion may be put to Mr, 
 *' Wood very eafily upon what grounds he is pofitive as to his being born 
 " their; he is a friendly man, and will refolve it. So much for braue Ben. 
 " You will not think the reft fo tedyous as I doe this. 
 
 - " fFor y' 2 and 3 q"' of Mr. Hill, and Bilingfley, I do neither know 
 *' nor can learn any thing worth teling you. 
 
 *' for y'' two remaining q"' of Mr. Warner', and Mr. Harriott this : 
 
 " Mr. Warner did long and conftantly lodg nere the water ftares, or 
 " market, in Woolftable. Woolftable is a place not far from Charing- 
 *' Crofle, and nerer to Northumberland-houfe. My lord of Winchefter 
 *' tells me, he knew him, and that he fayde, he firft found out the cercula- 
 " tion of the blood, and difcouer'd it to Dr. Haruie (who faid that 'twas he 
 *' (himfelfe) that found it) for which he is fo memorally famofe. Warner 
 " had a penfion of 40I. a yeare from that Earle of Northumberland that lay 
 " fo long a prifner in the Towre, and fom allowance from Sr. Tho. 
 " Aylefbury, and with whom he ufually fpent his fumer in Windfor Park, 
 " and was welcom, for he was harmles and quet. His winter was fpent at 
 
 E 2 " the 
 
 ' Of this great mathematician, fee '* Wood's Ath. Ox." Vo!. I. col. 461.
 
 xxxvi THE LIF£ OF 
 
 " the Woolllable, where he dyed in the time of the parlement of 1640, 
 *'of which or whome, he was no louer. 
 
 " Mr. Herriott", my lord tells me, he knew alfo: That he was a more 
 " gentile man than Warner. That he had 120I. a yearc penfion from the 
 " faid Earle, who was a louer of ther ftudyes) and his lodging in Syon- 
 " houfe, where he thinks, or believes, he dyed. 
 
 " This is all I know or can learne for your friend; which I wifh may be 
 " worth the tim.e and trouble of reading it. 
 
 Nou\ 22, 80. " J. W. 
 
 *' I forgot to tell, that I heard the fermon preacht for the Lady Danvers, 
 *• and have it: but thanke your fFriend"." 
 
 A life of temperance, fobriety, and cheerfulnefs, is not feldom rewarded 
 with length of days, with an healthful, honourable, and happy old age". 
 Ifaac Walton retained to the laft a conftitution unbroken by difeafe, with 
 the full poffcflion of his mental powers. In a letter to Mr. Cotton from 
 London, April 29, 1676, he writes; " Though I be more than a hundred 
 miles from you, and in the eighty-third year of my age; yet I will for- 
 get both, and next month begin a pilgrimage to. beg your pardon." He 
 had written " The Life of Dr. Sanderfon," when he was in his eighty-fifth 
 year. We find him adive with his pen, after this period, at a time when, 
 *' filvered o'er with age," he had a juft claim to a writ of eafe. On the 
 ninetieth anniverfary of his birth-day, he declares himfelf in his will to be 
 
 of 
 
 >" Of Mr. Thomas Hariot, or Harriot, fee " Wood's Ath. Ox. Vol. I. col. 459. The 
 opinions which have been entertained concerning the infidel principles of Hariot, arc fuf- 
 iicicntly confuted by the infcription on his monument, ercfted by his executors. Sir Thomas 
 Aylcfbury and Robert Sidney, Vifcount Lifle, in which he is exprefsly called, " Vcritatis 
 Indagator fludiofilTimus, Dei triniunius Cultor piiflimus." 
 
 " This was the fermon preached by Dr. Donne, in the parifli church of Cliclfey, at the funeral 
 of Lady Danvers, the mother of Mr. George Herbert. See " Walton's Life of Mr. Herbert," 
 y. 331. Annexed to this extract, in Mr. Aubrey's MSS. in the Aflimolean Mufcr.m, are thefe 
 words : *' This account I received from Mr. Ifaac Walton (who wrote Dr. Donne's life, &c.) 
 Decemb. 2, j68o, he being then eighty-feven years of age. This is his own hand-writing, J. A." 
 
 ° " Eft etiam quiete et pure ct eleganter a£l3e -<Etatis placida ac Icnis Sene6lus." Cie. de 
 Seneclute. — " Non cani, non ruga:, repente auctoritatem arripere pcflunt; Sed honeRe a6\a 
 fuperior ietas fruiSlus capit auftoritatis." lb-
 
 MR. ISAAC WALTON. xxvii 
 
 of perfedt memory. In the very year in which he died, he prefixed a Pre- 
 face to a work edited by him : " Thealma and Clearchus, a Paftoral.Hiftory, 
 in fmooth and eafy Verfe; written long fince by John Chalkhill, Efq. an 
 Acquaintant and Friend of Edmund Spenfer." Flatman, who is known 
 both as a poet and a painter, hath in fuch true colours deUneated the cha- 
 radler of his much-efteemed friend, that it would be injurious not to tran- 
 fcribe the following lines; — 
 
 " TO MY WORTHY FRIEND MR. ISAAC WALTON, ON THE PUBLICATION OF THIS POEM. 
 
 " Long had the bright Theahna lay obfcure: 
 
 " Her beauteous charms, that might the world allure, 
 
 " Lay, like rough diamonds in the mine, unknown, 
 
 " By all the Ions of folly trampled on, 
 
 " Till your kind hand unveil'd her lovely face, 
 
 " And gave her vigour to exert her rays. 
 
 •' Happy old man ! whqfe -worth all mankind knows, 
 
 " Except himfelf : •who charitably Jhows, 
 
 " The ready road to -virtue and to praife, 
 
 " The road to many long arid happy days, 
 
 " The nshle arts of generous piety, 
 
 " And ho-iv to comptifs true felicity ; 
 
 " Hence did he learn the art of living -ivell ; 
 
 " The bright Thealma <ivas his oracle : 
 
 " Infpir'd by her he kno-ws no anxious cares, 
 
 " Through near a century of plcafant years : 
 
 ' ' Eafy he lives, and cheerful fliall he die 
 
 " Well fpoken of by late'poferitv, 
 
 " As long as Spenl'er's noble flames iliall burn, 
 
 " And deep devotions throng about his urn ; 
 
 " As long as Chnlkhi'l's venerable name 
 
 " With noble emulation- fliall inflame 
 
 •' Ages to come, and fwell the rolls of fame. 
 
 " Your memory fhall for ever be fecure, 
 
 " And long beyond our fliort-liv'd praife endure ; 
 
 '■ As Phidias^ in Minerva's fliield did live, - 
 
 " And fliar'd that immortality, he alone could give." 
 
 The clalTic reader, when he recolledls the ftory of Phidias, will eufily ac- 
 kaowledge the propriety of the encomium palfed on Mr. V/a!ion, who 
 
 feoured
 
 xxxviii THE LIFE Oi 
 
 fecured immortal fame to himfelf, while he conferred it upon others. That 
 divine artift, having finilhed his famous ftatue of Minerva, with the mod 
 confummatc exquifitenefs of fkill, afterward imprcfl'ed his own image fo 
 deeply on licr buckler, that it could not be effaced without deilroying the 
 whole work. 
 
 The beauties of " Thealma and Clearchus," and the charadler of the 
 author, are not unaptly defcribed in the editor's own language. He inti- 
 mates in the Prefiice, that " the reader will find what the title declares, a 
 Paftoral Hiftory, in fmooth and eafy verfe; and will in it find many hopes 
 and fears finely painted and feelingly exprefled. And he will find the hrll 
 fo often difappoiuted, when fulleft of delire and expedtation ; and the latter 
 fo often, fo llrangely, and fo unexpectedly relieved by an unforefeen Pro- 
 vidence, as may beget in him wonder and amazement." He adds, that 
 " the reader muft here alfo meet with paffions heightened by eafy and fit 
 defcriptions of joy and forrow; and find alfo fuch various events and re- 
 wards of innocent truth and undifl'erabled honefty, as is like to leave in 
 him (if he be a good-natured reader) more fympathizing and virtuous im- 
 prefilons than ten times fo much time fpent in impertinent, critical, and 
 needlefs difputes about religion." Mr. Chalkhill died before he had per- 
 fedled even the fable of his poem. He was a man generally known in his 
 time, and as well beloved; for he was humble and obliging in his behavi- 
 our, a gentleman, a fcholar, very innocent -and prudent; and indeed his 
 whole life was ufeful, quiet, and virtuous". So amiable were the manners, 
 fo truly excellent the charader of all thofe, whom Ifaac Walton honoured 
 
 with his regard. 
 
 when 
 
 P In a volume, entitled " The Mufes Library, London, 1737," are infertcd extracts from 
 this poem, viz. " The Arcadian Golden Age," " A Defcription of the PriefteiTcs of Diana," 
 " The Image of Jealoiify," " A Defcription of the Power of the Witch Orandra, together 
 with her Cave." 
 
 Dr. Johnfon has revived the celebrity of INIr. Chalkhill, by an elegant tranflation of the 
 following lines : 
 
 «• Or we fometimet pafs an hour 
 " Under a green willow, 
 
 " That
 
 Mr. ISAAC WALTON. xxxlx 
 
 When 'Leoniceni, one of the moft profound fcholars in Italy, in the fif- 
 teenth century, was afked by what art he had, through a period of ninety 
 years, preferved a found memory, perfedl fenfes, an upright body, and a 
 vigorous health, he anfvvered, " by innocence, ferenity of mind, and tem- 
 perance." Ifaac Walton, having uniformly enjoyed that happy tranquil- 
 lity, which is the natural concomitant of virtue, came to the grave in a 
 full age, " like as a fliock of corn cometh in his feafon."' 
 
 " So would I live, fuch gradual death to find, 
 
 " Like timely fruit, not fliaken by the wind, 
 
 " But ripely dropping from the faplefs bough i 
 
 " And dying, nothing to myfelf would owe. 
 
 " Thus, daily changing, with a duller tafte 
 
 " Of lefs'ning joys, I by degrees would wade ; 
 
 •' Still quitting ground by unpercelv'd decay, 
 
 " And ftesl myfelf from life and melt away." Dryden. 
 
 He died during the time of the great froft, on the i t^th day of December, 
 
 1683, 
 
 " That defends us from a fhower 
 •*- Making earth our pillow; 
 " Where we may 
 " Think or piay, 
 " Btl'ore death 
 " Stops our breath. 
 " Other Joys 
 " Are but toys 
 " And to be lamented. 
 
 (See WALTor.'s Complete Angler, P. I. Ch. :5.) 
 
 " Nunc per graniina fufi 
 •' Densa fronde falifti, 
 " Molles ducimiis boras. 
 " Hie, duni debita morti 
 " Paulum Vita moratiir, 
 " Nunc refcire pnora, 
 " Nunc inrtare futuiir, 
 " Nunc fuinnii Prece fiinfts 
 " Patris Nufnen adire eft. 
 " Quicquiil quceritur ultra 
 " Caeco ducit amore, 
 " Vel fpe ludit inani 
 " LuJtus mox pariturura. 
 
 (Dr. Johnson's Work?, Vol. I. p. 190.)
 
 xl THE LIFE OF 
 
 1683, at Wincheftcr, in the prebendal houfe of Dr. William Hawkins, 
 his fon-ln-Iaw, whom he loved as his own fon. It was his exprefs defire, 
 that his burial might be near the place of his death, privately, and free 
 from any oitcntation, or charge. On the ftone which covers his remains 
 within the cathedral of that city thefe lines are yet extant. 
 
 ' " Here rcftcth the body of 
 « MR. ISAAC WALTON, 
 " Who died the ijth of Dec^ 1683. 
 " Alas ! he's gone before, 
 " Gone to return no more. 
 " Our panting breads afpirc 
 " After their aged Sire, 
 " Whofe well-fpent life did laft 
 " Full ninety years and pad. 
 " But now he hath begun 
 " That which will ne'er be done, 
 •' Crown'd with eternal blifs, 
 " We wifli our fouls with his. 
 
 " VOTIS MODESTJS SIC FLERUNT LIBERI." 
 
 He furvived his wife many years. She died in 1662, and was burled in 
 our Lady's Chapel, In the Cathedral of Worcefter. In the north wall is 
 placed a fmall oval monument of white marble, on which is the following 
 infcription, written, no doubt, by her afFedtionate hufband. 
 
 Ex terris 
 
 D, + 
 S. +. M. 
 Here lyeth buried fo much as 
 could dye of ANA the wife of 
 IZAAC WALTON, 
 who was 
 a woman of remarkeable prudence, 
 and of the primitive piety: her great 
 and general knowledge being adorn'd 
 •with fuch true humility, and blefl 
 with foe much Chriilian meeknefle as 
 made her worthy of a more memorable 
 Monument. 
 She died (alas that flie is dead) 
 the 17th of April, 1662, aged 52. 
 Study to be like her.
 
 MR. ISAAC WALTON. xli 
 
 He had one fon Ifaac, who never married, and a daughter Anne, the wife 
 of Dr. WiUiam Hawkins, a Prebendary in the Church of Winchefter, and 
 P-edlor of Droxford in Hampfliire. Dr. WilUam Hawkins left a fon Wil- 
 liam, and a daughter Anne. The latter died unmarried. The fon, who 
 was a Serjeant at Law, and author of the well-known treatife of " The 
 Pleas of the Crown," lived and died in the Clofe of Sarum. He publifhed 
 a fliort account of the life of his great uncle in 171 3, and alfo his works in 
 1 72 1, under the title of " The Works of the right reverend learned and 
 pious Thomas Ken, D. D. late Lord Bifhop of Bath and Wells, 4 vol." 
 Thefe works include only Ken's Poetical Compolitions, which do not 
 merit any great encomium, though they are written in a drain of real piety 
 and devotion. This William Hav/kins had a fon and three daughters, 
 the eldeft of whom Mrs. Hav\res, relid of the Rev. Mr. Hawes, redlor of 
 Bemerton, is the only furviving perfon of that generation''. 
 
 I have omitted to enumerate among the friends of our biographer Dr. 
 George Morley, Bifhop of Winchefter \ and Dr. Seth Ward, Bifhop of' 
 
 F Salifbury. 
 
 '' The following fepulchral infcriptions are in the Cathedral Church of Winchefter. "* 
 
 H. s. E. 
 
 CULIELMUS HAWKINS 
 
 S. T. P. 
 
 HUJUS ECCLESI^ PREBENDARIUS, 
 
 QUI OBIIT JUL. 17. 
 
 ANNO DOMINI 1691. 
 
 ^TATIS SUM 5«. 
 
 H. S. E. 
 
 ANNA ETIAM IZAAC WALTON FILIA 
 
 QU^ OBIIT SUPER-MEMORATI GULIELMI VIDUA 
 
 AUG. 18, 1715. 
 
 iETATIS SU^ 67. 
 
 ' Mr. Edward Powell, in commendatory Verfes, prefixed to " The Complete Angler," 
 . has commemorated the friendfliip which fubfifted between Bifliop Morley and Mr. Ifaac 
 Walton. 
 
 " He that converfed with angels fuch as were 
 " OUfworth and FeaUy, each a flsining ftar 
 
 " Shewing
 
 xlli THE LIFE OF 
 
 Salifbury'. To be efteemed, to be carefled by men of fucli comprehenfive 
 learning and extraordinary abilities is honourable indeed. They were his 
 choiceft and moft confidential companions. After the Reftoration, he and 
 his daughter had apartments conflantly referved for them in the houfes of 
 thcfc two prelates. Here he I'pent his time in that mutual reciprocation of 
 benevolent offices, which conftictites the blefTednefs of virtuous friendfliipi 
 He experienced many marks of favoirr from the Bifhop of Wincheiler, of 
 whofe kindnefs to him he has lignified his remembrance in the ring be- 
 queacbecVat his death, with this exprcfTive motto, " A mite for a mil- 
 lion." It wasdoubtlefs through his recommendation, that Ken obtained 
 
 thd 
 
 " Shewing the way to Betlilehem; each a faint ■ 
 " Compar'd to whom our zealots do but paint: 
 " He that cur pious and learn' J Morley kneiu, 
 " And from kirn fuci'J av// and de'votion loo. 
 
 A diilir:guilhed trait in tlie character of this prelate, who was firft known to the world as the 
 friend of Lord Falkland, and to whom Mr. Waller owns himfelf indebted i'or his taite of the 
 ancient chiflics, may be difcovered from the following narrative. " Being confulted by the 
 mayor of a country corporation, what method he fhould take effeiSttially to root out the 
 fanatics in the year of his mayoralty-; the bifhop, no.w growing old, firft preached friendlinefs 
 to him, by ordering him a glafs of Canary, as oft as he flarted the quefiion in company; and 
 next admonifhed him, when alone, to let thofe people live quietly, in many of whom, he was 
 fatisfied, there was the true fear of God, and who were not likely to be gained by rigour and 
 feverity." See •' Kennet's Regifler," p. 8i6. 
 
 ' After the Reftoration, many divines, who had been educated among the Puritans, and 
 had gone into the notions and fcheme of Prefbytery, upon mature thoughts, judged it lawful, 
 and even eligible to confirm for the honour and intereft of tli£ Cliriftian religion, and for the 
 peace and happinefsrof this church and nation. Among thefe was Dr. Sfth Ward, celebrated 
 for his mathematical ftudies. Having been appointed Prefident of Trinity College, Oxford, 
 in 1659, he was ejc£ted in 1660 : In which year he was admitted Precentor of Exeter, Dean 
 in i6<5i, and Bifhop in 1662. He was tranflated to the fee of Salilbury in 1667, and upon 
 his death, in 1688, was fucceeded by Dr. Burnet, who lias given a charatfter of him in 
 " The Hifiory O'f his own Times." A few years before his death, he fufFered a fatal decay, 
 r.ot only in his body, but in his intelletlual faculties. For, to the mortification of all human 
 fufTiciency and wifdom, tliis great niafler of reafon fo entirely loft the ufe of his underftand- 
 ing, as to become an obje£l of compaflion, and uneafinefs to himfelf, and a burden to his 
 friends and attendants. See " Dr. Walter Pope's Life of Seth, Biftiop of Salifbury."
 
 MR. ISAAC \vALTON. xliii 
 
 the patronage of Dr. Morley; who, having appointed him iiis chaplain, 
 prefented him to the redory of Woodhay, in Kampfliire; and then pre- 
 ferred him to the dignity of a Prebeudary in the Cathedral Church of 
 Winton. 
 
 The worthy fon of a worthy father had no caufe to complain that his 
 merit was unnoticed, or unrewarded. Mr. Ifaac Walton, junior, was edu- 
 cated at Chrift Church, in Oxford. Whilil he was Bachelor of Arts, he 
 attended his uncle, Mr. Ken', to Rome, where he was prefent at the jubilee 
 appointed by Pope Clement X. in 1675. On this occahon Ken was wont 
 to fay, " That he had great reafon to give God thanks for his travels; 
 fince, if it were pollible, he returned rather more confirmed of the purity 
 of the Proteftant religion than he was before." During his refidence in 
 Italy, that country, which is juftly called the great School of Mufic and 
 Painting, the rich Repofuory of the nobleft produ6:ions of Statuary and 
 Architefture, both ancient and modern, young Mr. Walton indulged and 
 improved his tafte for the fine arts ". On his return to England, he retired 
 to the Univerfity of Oxford, to profecute his ftudies. Having afterward 
 accepted an invitation from Biihop Ward, to become his domeltic chaplain, 
 he was preferred to the redtory of Poliliot, near Devizes in Wiltlhire, and 
 eledted a Canon of Sallfbury. He afforded much affiftance to Dr. John 
 Walker, when engaged in his " Hiflory of the Sufferings of the Clergy," 
 communicating to him a variety of materials for that excellent work. He 
 
 F 2 poffeffed 
 
 ' He was not admitted to the degree of D. D. till 16'jg. 
 
 " " Viator. But what have we got here? a rock fpringing up in the middle cf the river. 
 
 " This is one of the oddeft fights that ever I faw. 
 
 " Pisc. Why, Sir, from that pike that you fee (landing up there diftant from the rock, 
 " this is called Pike P00I5 and young Mr. Ifaac Walton was fo pkafed with it, as to draw it 
 " in landfcape in black and white, in a black book I have at home, as he has done fevcral 
 " profpefts of my houfe alfo, which I keep for a memorial of his favour, and will {hew you 
 " when we come up to dinner. 
 
 " ViAT. Has young Mr. Ifaac Walton been here too? 
 
 •" Pisc. Yes marry has he, Sir, and that .igain and again too; and in France fince, and at 
 " Rome, and at Venice, and I can't tell where; but I intend to a(k him n <Trcat many hard 
 
 ■" queftions, fo foon as I can fee him, which will be, God willing, next mor-h " fC^mMft,. 
 
 Angler, P. 11 Ch.6.)
 
 xliv THE LIFE OF 
 
 polTefled all the amiable qualities that adorned the charader of his father, a 
 calm philanthropy, a genuine piety, an unafteded humility. It was at the 
 houfe of this his nephew, that Dr. Ken was upon a vifit, when a (lack of 
 chimniesfcll into his bed-chamber, Nov. 27, 1703, without doing him any 
 harm; whiKl Dr. Kidder, his immediate fucceflbr in the fee of Bath and 
 Wells, was unfortunately killed with his lady by a fimilar accident, during 
 the fame ftorm, in his palace at Wells. Mr. Walton, junior, died in 17 16. 
 His remains lie interred at the feet of his friend and patron, Bilhiop Ward, 
 in the Cathedral of Salifbury". 
 
 It would be highly improper to afcribe to Mr. Ifaac Walton that extentof 
 knowledge, which charadterifes the fcholar : Yet thofe who are converfant 
 in his writings will probably entertain no doubt of his acquaintance with 
 books \ His frequent references to ancient and modern hiftory, his feafon- 
 
 able 
 
 " On a Plain flat ftone is this infcription ; 
 
 H. S. E. 
 
 ISAACUS WALTON, HUJUS ECCLESI^ 
 
 CANONICUS RESIDENTIARIUS, 
 
 PIETATIS NGN FUCAT-ffi, 
 
 DOCTRIN/E SAN^, 
 
 MUNIFICENTI^, BENEVOLENTI^ 
 
 EXEMPLAR DESIDERANDUM. 
 
 PASTORIS BONI ET FIDELIS FUNCTHS OFFICIO PER ANN03 
 
 33 IN PAROCHIA DE POLSHOT WILTS. 
 
 OBIIT VICESIMO NONO DECEMBRIS, 
 
 ANNO DOMINI J 7 16, 
 
 ^TATIS 69. 
 
 " Walton, in his " Complete Angler," frequently cites authors that have written only in 
 Latin, as Gefner, Aldrovandus, Rondeletius, and others. The voluminous Hiftory of Ani- 
 mals, compofed by Gefner, is tranflated into Engliih by Mr. Edward Topfel. This tranfla- 
 tion was publiflied in 1658, and as it contained numberlefs particulars, extracted from the 
 works of varTous writers concerning frogs, ferpents, and caterpillar s, it furnilhed our author 
 with much intelligence. " Pliny's Natural Hiftory" was tranflated by Dr. Philemon Holland. 
 Alfo there were verfions of the tra£l: of Janus Dubravius " de Pifcinis et Pifcium Natura," 
 and of " Lebault's Maifon ruftique," fo often referred to by him in the courfe of his Work. 
 
 (See the " Biographical Di£lionary, London, 1784.") In " The Life of Dr. Sanderfon," 
 
 Walton has quoted Thucydides. It muft be remembered, that Hobbes printed his Engliih 
 trarfiation of " The Hiftory of the Grxcian War," in 1628.
 
 Mr. ISAAC WALTON. xlv 
 
 able applications of feveral paffages in the moft approved writers, his alhi- 
 fions to various branches of general fcience, thefe and other circumftances 
 concur in confirming the affertion, that though he did not partake of the 
 benefits of early erudition, yet in maturer age, he enlarged his intelledlual 
 acquifitions, fo as to render them fully proportionate to his opportunities 
 and abilities. The fruits of his truly commendable induftry he has gene- 
 roufly confecrated to pofterity. Deprived of the advantage of a learned 
 education, he hath v^rith great fidelity prefcrved the memory of thofe, who 
 were " by their knowledge of learning meet for the people, wife and elo- 
 quent in their inftrudtions, honoured in their generations; and the glory of 
 their times," each of whom, in his edifying pages, " being dead yet fpeak- 
 eth." He may be literally faid " to have laboured not for himfelf only, 
 but for all thofe that feek wifdom." How interefting and affeding are 
 many of his narratives and defcriptions ! The vifion of ghaftly horror that 
 prefented itfelf to Dr. Donne, at the time of his fhort refidence in Paris, — 
 the pleafant meflages which Sir Henry Wotton and the good-natured prieft 
 exchanged with each other in a church at Rome, during the time ot 
 vefpers, — the domeftic incidents which excited the tender commiferation of 
 Mr. Edwin Sandys and Mr. George Cranmer, while they vifited their 
 venerable tutor at his country parfonage of Drayton Beaucharnp% — the 
 afFedionate and patient condefcenfion of Mr. George Herbert, cornpaflion- 
 ating the diftrefies of the poor woman of Bemerton, — the interview of Dr, 
 Sanderfon and Mr. Ifaac Walton accidentally meeting each other in the 
 ftreets of London, — thefe and numberlefs other fimilar pailages will always 
 be read with reiterated pleafure. 
 
 We iliall indeed be difappointed, if we expedl to find in the follov>,'ing 
 volume the brilliancy of wit, the elaborate corredinefs of ftylc, or the alciti- 
 tious graces and ornaments of fine compofition. But that pleafing iim- 
 plicity of fentiment, that plain and unaffedled language, and, may I add, 
 
 that 
 
 ^ A circumftance mentioned in this narrative,, reminds me of the dcfcription of a domefHc 
 pidure, in " The Life of Melnnclhon," who was feen by one of his friends, " with one hand 
 rocking the cradJe of his child, with the other holding a book," .
 
 xlvi THE LIFE OF 
 
 that natural cloqucnce% wliich pervades the whole, richly competifates'the 
 want of elegance, anil rhetorical embelliOimcnt'. Truth is never dilplayed 
 to us in more grateful colours, than when flie appears, not in a garifli attire, 
 but in her own native garb, without artifice, without pomp. In that garb 
 Ifaac Walton has arrayed her. Deeply imprcfl'ed with the excellence of 
 thofe exemplary chara£ters which he endeavours to portray, he fpeaks no 
 other language tlian that of the heart, and thus imparts to the reader his 
 own undifguifed fentiments, fo friendly to piety and virtue. Afluredly, no 
 plcafure can be placed in competition with that, which refults from the view 
 of men feduloully adjufting their adlions with integrity and honour. To 
 accompany them, as it were, along the path of life, to join in their conver- 
 fation, to obferve their demeanour in various fituations, to contemplate their 
 acts of charity and beneficence, to attend them into their clofets, to behold 
 their ardour of piety and devotion ; in (hort, to eftablifii, as it were, a friend- 
 ihip and familiarity with them, — this doubtlefs, muft be pronounced an 
 happy anticipation of that holy intercourfe, which will, I truft, fubfift be- 
 tween beatified fpirits in another and a better flate. 
 
 Thofe parts of this volume are more peculiarly adapted to afford fatif- 
 /adtion, improvement, and confolation, in which is related the behaviour of 
 thefe good men at the hour of death. Here we find ourfelves perfonally 
 and intimately interefted. " A battle or a triumph," fays Mr. Addifon, 
 " are conjunclures, in which not one man in a million is likely to be en- 
 gaged; 
 
 == This quality is, I truft, not improperly applied to Mr. Ifaac Walton's writings. " True 
 eloquence," fays Milton, " I find to be none but the ferious and hearty love of truth: And 
 that, whofe mind foever is fully poflefled with a fervent defire to know good things, and with 
 the deareft charity to infufe the knowledge of them into others; when fuch a man would 
 ipeak, his words, like fo many nimble and airy fervitors, trip about him at command, and in 
 well-ordered files, as he would wifli, fall aptly into their own places." 
 
 * I indulge myfelf in quoting only one paffage. Having defcribed the poignancy of Dr. 
 Donne's grief on the death of his wife, the author pathetically concludes. " Thus he began 
 the day, and ended the night-, ended ihc reftlefs night, and began the weary day in lamenta- 
 p.ons." The repetition is exquiCtely beautiful. It reminds me of Orpheus lamenting over 
 JLurydice, in Virgil's Georgics: 
 
 ■ " Te veniente Die, te decedente canebat."
 
 MR. ISAAC WALTON. xlvii 
 
 gaged; but when we fee a perfon at the point of death, we cannot forbear 
 being attentive to every thing he fays or does; becaufe we are fure, that 
 feme time or other, we fhall ourfelves be in the fame melancholy circum- 
 ftances. The general, the ftatefman, or the philofopher, are perhaps cha- 
 radlers which we may never act in; but the dying man is one v.'hom, 
 fooner or later, we fhall certainly refemble." Thus while thefe inftrudive 
 pages teach us how to live, they impart a leffon equally ufeful and momen- 
 tous — how to die''. When I contraft the death-bed fcenes, which our 
 author has defcribed, with that which is exhibited to us in the laft illnefs of 
 a modern philofopher, who at that awful period had no fource of confola- 
 tion but what he derived from reading Lucian and other books of amufe- 
 ment, difcourimg cheerfully w^th his friends on the trifling topics of com- 
 mon converfation, playing at his favourite game of whift, and indulging 
 his pleafantry on the fabulous hiftory of " Charon and- his Boat," — 
 without one fmgle adl of devotion, without any expreflion of penitential 
 forrow, of hope, or confidence in the goodneis of God, or in the merits of 
 a Redeemer; — when this contraft, I fay, is prefented to my view, it is im- 
 poffible not to adopt the language of the prophet, " Let me die the death 
 of the righteous, and let my laft end be like his"." 
 
 Is it neceiTary to add, that we are here prefented with two pleafing por-» 
 traits of female excellence, in the. mother and in the wife of Mn Georo-q 
 Herbert? In the firft were united all the perfonal and mental accomolifh- 
 ments of her fex: The enlightened piety of the latter, her native humility 
 her • ruly Chriftian charit)^ exhibit her as a perfedl model of every thing 
 good and praife-worthy, while her marriage with Mr. Herbert, thou^-h 
 attended with fome unufual circumftances, proves inconteftably, that an 
 union, originating from " good fenfe, from inclination, and from an 
 
 equality 
 
 •" Dr. Thomas Townfon, the late Archdeacon of Richmond, read " Ifaac Wakcn's Lives" 
 during his lafl illnefs, with a view, no doubt, to trim his lamp, and prepare for his Lord, by 
 comparing his condua with the examples of thofe meek and holy men, defcribed by the 
 pleafing and faithful biographer. Healforead, and, afluredly, with fimiJar intention;, Mr. 
 Herbert's " Country Parfon."— Of this pious and learned man, the ornament of the eighteenth- 
 century, fee " Churton's Memoirs of Dr. Townfon." 
 
 ■^ See " The Life of David Hume, Efq." p. 435.46,
 
 xlviii THE LIFE OF 
 
 eqiulity ot a^e, of dignitj'-, and of fortune," can fclJom fail of being at- 
 tended with hnppinefs. 
 
 It is faid of Socrates, that all -vvho knew him, loved him : And that if any 
 did not love him, it was becaufe they did not know him. May we not 
 affirm the fame of that worthy perfon, who is the fubjedt of this memoir? 
 Such was the fvveetnefs of his temper, fo afFedlionate was the regard which 
 his friends profeilcd for him, that, in their epiftolary correfpondence, 
 thougli they were far fuperior to him in rank and condition of life, they 
 ufually addrelTcd him in the language of tcndernefs and foothing endear- 
 ment, ftyling him, " Good Mr. Walton;" " Honeft Ifaac;" " Worthy 
 Friend;" " Dear Brother;" " Moft Ingenious Friend." No one better 
 deferved thefe kind appellations. Let it always be recorded to his honour^ 
 that he never retraced any promife^ when made in favour even of his meanejl 
 friend^. Neal, in his " Hirtory of the Puritans," introduces an erroneous 
 quotation from " Walton's Life of Mr. Hooker." Dr. Warburton, in his 
 notes on that hiftory (Warburton s Works ^ Vol. VII. p. 895,) commenting 
 upon this quotation, fpeaks of " the quaint trafh of a fantallical life- 
 writer." Is it pofliblc to fuppofe that an epithet, more adapted to the 
 afperity of faftidious cenfure, than to the cooj and deliberate judgment of 
 candid and equitable criticifm, fliould be jullly applied to a man of real 
 merit, who flrenuoufly exerted himfelf in promoting the caufe of religion, 
 as well by his writings as by his exemplary conduit. 
 
 The corporation of Stafford have publicly pronounced him their worthy 
 and generous benefadtor. Of his ungular munificence to the poor inhabi- 
 tants of this his native town, we find feveral inftances in his life-time: 
 And, at his death, he configned fome bequefts of confiderable value to be 
 appropriated to their ufe % 
 
 In 
 
 * Sec " Mr. Cotton's Epiflle Dedicatory to his moft worthy Father and Friend, Mr. Ifaac 
 Walton the elder," prefixed to the Second Part of " The Complete Angler." 
 
 ' It appears from a table fixed in the Church of St. Mary's, in the borough of Staflbrd, that 
 Mr. Ifaac Walton gave, in his life-time, a garden of eight fhillings a year, to buy coals for 
 the poor yearly about Chriftmas; and that he alfo gave twenty-two pounds, to build a flonc- 
 wall around St. Chad's churchyard in the faid borough; and did alfo fet forth nine boys 
 apprentices, bellowing five pounds on each. 
 
 At
 
 MR. ISAAC WALTON. xlix 
 
 In an ancient infcription yet extant, it is faid of a Roman Citizen, that he 
 knew not how to ipeak injurioufly — nescivit maledicere. We may 
 obferve of Ifaac Walton, that he was ignorant how to write of any man 
 with acrimony and harfhnefs. This liberality of difpofition will ever re- 
 commend him to his readers. Whatever are the religious fentiments of 
 the perfons, whom he introduces to our notice, how widely foever they 
 difier from his own; we difcover not, in his remarks, the petulance of in- 
 difcriminate reproach, or the malignancy of rude inve£live. The mild 
 fpirit of moderation breathes almoft in every page. I can only lament one 
 inftance of feverity, for which however feveral pleas of extenuation might 
 readily be admitted. 
 
 He is known to have acquired a relifh for the line arts. Of paintings 
 and prints he had formed a fmall, but valuable colle£tion^ And we may 
 prefume, that he had an attachment to and a knowledge of mufic. His 
 afFedion for facred mufic^ may be inferred from that animated, I had al- 
 
 f motl 
 
 At his death, he bequeathed one meffuage or tenement, at Shaiford hi the county of Staf- 
 ford, with all the land thereto belonging, of the clear yearly value of twenty pounds ten 
 Ihillings and fixpence; of which, ten pounds are appropriated, every year, to the putting out 
 two boys, fons of honeft and poor parents, to be apprentices to tradefnien, or handicraftfmen; 
 and five pounds to fome maid-fervant, that hatlt attained the age of twenty-one years (not 
 lefs), and dwelt long in one fervice; or to fome honeft poor man's daughter, that hath at- 
 tained to that age, to be paid her at, or on the day of her marriage. "What money or rent 
 fliall remain uiidifpofed of, he direfts to be employed in the purchafe of coals, for fome poor 
 people, that fhall need them : the faid coals to be diftributed in the lajl week of January, or 
 every firjl -week in February; becaufe he confiders that time to be the hardejl, and moji pinching 
 time. 
 
 ' In his laft will, he leaves to his fon " all his books, not yet given, at Farnham Caftell, 
 and a dejke of prints and piHures; alfo a cabinet, in which are fome little things, that he will 
 value, though of no great worth." 
 
 » " He that at midnight, when the very labourer fleeps fecurely, fhould hear, as I have 
 often done, the fweet defcants, the natural rifing and falling, the doubling and redoubling of 
 the nightingale's voice, might well be lifted above earth, and fay, Lord, wliat mufic haft thou 
 provided for the faints in heaven, when tliou affordeft bad men fuch mufic upon earth?" — 
 (Complete Angler, P. I. Ch. /.)
 
 I THE LIFE OF 
 
 mofl flud, that enraptured language which he adopts, whenever the fubjed 
 occurs to him. It will be cafily recollea;ed, that Ken, his brother-in-law, 
 whofe morning, evening, and midnight hymns, endear his memory to 
 the devout Chriftian, began the duties of each day with facred melody. 
 And that between men perfedlly congenial in their fentiments and habits 
 of virtue, a fimilaricy of difpofition in this inftance fhould prevail, is far 
 from being an unrealonable luggeftion. That he had an inclination to 
 poetry, we may conclude from his early intimacy with Michael Drayton, 
 " the Golden-mouthed Poe; ;" a man of an amiable difpofition, of mild 
 and modeft manners, whofe poems are much lefs read than they deferve to 
 be. It is needlefs to remark that on the firft publication of a work it was 
 ufual for the friends of the author to prefix to it recommendatory verfes. 
 Ifaac Walton, whofe circle of friends was very extenfive indeed, often con- 
 tributed his fhare' of encomium on thefe occafions. To his productions of 
 this kind no other commendations can be allowed, than that they were fin- 
 cere memorials of his grateful and tender regard. It muft however be 
 added, that he never debafed his talents by offering the incenfe of Adulation, 
 at the fhnne of Infamy and Guilt. The perfons, whom he favoured with 
 thefe marks of his attention, were not undeferving of praife. Such, for 
 inftance, was William Cartwright, who, though he died in the thirtieth 
 year of his age, was the boaft and ornament of the Univerfity of Oxford, 
 as a divine, a philofopher, and a poet''. Dr. Fell, Bifhop of Oxford, de- 
 clared him to be, " the utmoft man can come to;" and Ben Jonfon was 
 wont to fay of him, " My fon Cartwright writes all like a man." And 
 here an opportunity prcfents itfelf of afcertaining the author of " The 
 Synagogue, or the Shadow of the Temple," a colledlion of facred poems 
 ufually annexed to Mr. George Herbert's " Temple." Mr. Walton has ad- 
 dreffed fome encomiaftic lines to him, as his friend; and in " The Complete 
 Angler," having infertcd from that coUeiStion, a little poem, entitled " The 
 Book of Common Prayer," he exprefsly affigns it, and of courfe the whole 
 
 work 
 
 •" See " Comedies, Tragi-cometiies, with other Poems, by William Cartwright, late Student 
 ■ of Chrifl: Church in Oxford, and Frodor of the Univerfity. London, 165 1."
 
 MR. ISAAC WALTO.Y. li 
 
 work, to a reverend and learned divine, Mr. Chriflophcr Ilarvie, that pro- 
 fejfes to imitate Mr. Herbert, and hath indeed done fo mqft excellently; and 
 of whom he adds p'eafantly, " you will like him the hctter, becaufe he is a 
 *' friend of mine, and I am fare no enemy to angling'." 
 
 Faithfully attached to the Church of England, he entertained the highefl 
 veneration for her difcipline and dod:rines. He had not been an inattentive 
 fpedtator of the rapid progrefs of the feftaries, haftening from one degree 
 of injuftice to another, until -an univerfiil anarchy confum mated the 
 ruin of our ecclefiaftical conftitution. In his Laft Will he has announced an 
 ingenuous and decided avowal of his religious principles, with a defign, as 
 it has been conjed.ured, to prevent any fufpicions that might arile of his 
 inclination to Popery, from his very long and very true friendfliip with 
 fome of the Roman Communion \ But a full and explicit declaration of 
 his Chriftian faith, and the motives which enforced his ferious and regular 
 attendance upon the fervice of that Church in v,^hich he was educated, are 
 delivered, with great propriety and good fenfe, in his own words. For 
 thus he writes in a letter to one of his friends. " I go fo conftantly to the 
 
 f 2 "church 
 
 ' See " The Complete Angler," P. LXVIII. and p. 123, edit of 1773. We find the name 
 of Chriftopher Harvie fubfcribed to " Verfes addreffed to the Reader of the Complete 
 Angler." He is probably the fame perfon, who was the author of " The Right Rebel. 
 London, 1661," 8vo. — a treatifc, difcovering the true ufe of the name, by the nature of rebel- 
 lion ; with the properties and pradlices of rebels, applicable to all, both old and new fanaticks : 
 by Chriftopher Harvey, Vicar of Clifton in Warwicklhire. He was a miniller's fon, in 
 Chefhire, and was educated in Braze-nofe College, Oxford. See " Wood's Ath. Ox, 
 Vol. II. col. 268. 
 
 ■< A fteady friendfliip fubfifted between Mr. Walton and Mr. James Shirley, who, having 
 been ordained a clergyman of the eftablifhed Church, renounced his religion, for that of the 
 Church of Rome. He is defcribed by Phillips, in his " Theatrum Poetarum," printed at 
 London, in 1675, as " a juft pretender to more than the meaneft place among the Englifli 
 poets, but moft efpecially for dramatic poefy, in which he hath v/ritten both very much, and, 
 for the moft part, with that felicity, that by fome he is accounted little inferior to Fletclicr 
 himfelf." See " The Life of Mr. Herbert," p. 390,
 
 Jli THE LIFE OF 
 
 " church fcivice to adore and worfhip my God, who hath made me of 
 " nothing, and prcferved me from being worfe than nothing. And this 
 " worfhip and adoration I do pay him inwardly in my foul, and teftifie it 
 " outwardly by my behaviour; as namely, by my adoration, in my for- 
 *' bearing to cover my head in that place dedicated to God, and only to his 
 " fervice; and alfo, by ftanding up at profeffion of the Creed, which con- 
 " tains the feveral articles that I and all true Chriftians profefs and believe ; 
 " and alfo my ftanding up at giving glory to the Father^ to the Sou, and to 
 " the Holy GhoJI, and confeffing them to be three perfons, and but one 
 " God. 
 
 " And, fecondly, I go to church to praife my God for my creation and 
 *' redemption; and for his many deliverances of me from the many dan- 
 " gers of my body, and more efpecially of my foul, in fending me redemp- 
 " tion by the death of his Son, my Saviour; and for the conftant affift- 
 " ance of his holy fpirit: a part of which praife I perform frequently in 
 " the Pfalms, which are daily read in the public congregation. 
 
 " And, thirdly, 1 go to church publicly to confcfs and bewail my fins, 
 " and to beg pardon for them, for his merits who died to reconcile me and 
 " all mankind unto God, who is both his and my father; and, as for the 
 " words in which I beg this mercy, they be the Lctany and CoUedls of 
 " the Church, compofed by thofe learned and devout men, whom you and 
 " I have trufted to tell us which is and which is not the written word of 
 " God; and trufted alfo to tranflate thofe fcriptiires into Englifh. And, in 
 " thefe Colledls, you may note, that I pray abfolutely for pardon of fin, 
 " and for grace to believe and ferve God: But I pray for health, and peace, 
 *' and pletity, conditionally ; even fo far as may tend to his glory, and the 
 " "-ood of my foul, and not further. And this confeffing my fins, and 
 " begging mercy and pardon for them, I do in my adoring my God, and 
 " by the humble pofture of kneeling on my knees before him: And, in 
 " this manner, and by reverend fitting to hear fome chofen parts of God's 
 " word read in the public aflembly, I fpend one hour of the Lord's day 
 " every forenoon, and half fo much time every evening. And fince this 
 " uuifonn and devout cuftom of joyning together in public confejfion, and 
 
 " praife
 
 MR. ISAAC WALTON. lii 
 
 *•'• praife^ and adoratmi of God, and in one manner, hath been neglefted; 
 " the power of Chriftianity and humble piety is fo much decayed, that it 
 " ought not to be thought on but with forrow and lamentation; and I 
 " think, efpecially by the Nonconformifts." 
 
 The reafons which he has afligned for his uninterrupted attention to the 
 difcharge of another duty will afford fatisfaftion to every candid reader. 
 *' Now for preaching, I praife God, I underftand my duty both to him and 
 *' my neighbour the better, by hearing of fermons. And though I be de- 
 " festive in the performance of both (for which I befeech Almighty God to 
 *' pardon me), yet I had been a much worfe Chriftian, if I had not fre- 
 *' quented the bleifed ordinance of preaching; which has convinced me of 
 " my many fins paft, and begot fuch terrors of confcience, as have begot in 
 " me holy refolutions. This benefit, and many other like benefits, I and 
 " other Ghriftians have had by preaching: And God forbid that we fhould 
 " ever ufe it fo, or fo provoke him by our other fins as to withdraw this 
 " blefled ordinance from us, or turn it into a curfe, by preaching herefie and 
 ^'- fcbifm; which too many have done in the late time of rebellion, and indeed 
 " now do in many conventicles ; and their auditors think fuch preaching is 
 " ferving God, when God knows it is contrary." Such were the rational 
 grounds, on which he founded his faith and pradice. 
 
 No excufe is pleaded for again noticing the opportunities of improve- 
 ment, which he experienced from his appropriated intimacy with the moft 
 eminent divines of the Church of England. Genuine friendfhip exifts but 
 among the virtuous : A friend is emphatically ftyled " the medicine of 
 " life;" the fovereign remedy that foftens the pangs of forrow, and alleviates 
 the anguifh of the heart. We cannot therefore fufficiently felicitate the 
 condition of Ifaac Walton, who imbibed the very fpirit of frlendlhip; and 
 that with men renowned for their wifdom and learning; for the fandity of 
 their manners, and the unfullied purity of their lives. " If," to ufe the 
 words of one of his biographers, " we can entertain a doubt that Walton 
 " was one of the happicft of men, we fhew ourfelves ignorant of the nature 
 *' of that felicity; to which it is poffihle even in this life for virtuous and 
 " good men, with the bleffing of God, to arrive'." 
 
 The 
 ' " Biographical Dictionary." Ed. 178.1.
 
 liv THE LIFE, &c. 
 
 The features of tlie countenance often enable us to form a judgment, not 
 very fallible, of the difpofition of the minu. In few portraits can this dif- 
 covery be more fuccefsfuUy purfued than in that oi Ifaac Walton. Lavater, 
 the acute mafter of phyfiognomy, would, I think, inftantly acknowledge 
 in it the decifive traits of the original: — Mild complaifaace, forbearance, 
 mature confideration, calm adlivity, peace, found underftanding, power of 
 thought, difcerning attention, and fecretly adlive friendfhip. Happy in 
 his unblcmilhcd integrity, happy in the approbation and efteem of others, 
 he inwraps himfelf in his own virtue. The exultation of a good con- 
 fcience eminently fhines forth in the looks of this venerable perfon. 
 
 " CANDIDA SEMPER 
 
 " GAUDIA, ET IN VULTU CURARUM IGNARA VOLUPTAS. 
 
 Hacket, Bifhop of Lichfield and Coventry, ufed this motto, " SERVE 
 GOD, AND BE CHEERFUL." Our Biographer feems to have adhered to 
 this golden maxim, during the whole tenor of his life. His innocence, and 
 the inoffenfive plainnefs of his manners, his love of truth, his piety, and 
 the unbiafled redtitude of his conduft difFufed over his mind a ferenity and 
 complacency, which never forfook him. Let no one, however elevated in 
 rank or ftation, however accompliflied with learning, or exalted in genius, 
 efteem himfelf undervalued, when it fhall be pronounced concerning him, 
 that his religious and moral qualities are placed in the balance, or compared 
 with thofe of ISAAC WALTON.
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 2t, rme 32,— An^elicanse, >-m(/ Anglicanae." 
 
 —— 30, 35, — motre, r^a(/ matre. 
 
 —_ 38, 14, — 1608, read 1648. 
 
 ■ 53, 16, — meditated, read mediated. 
 
 i_ 96, 8, — reftored to health, but he, rw^reftored to health:*' But be. 
 
 121, 28, — Sir Henry Wotton, read Sir Edward Wotton. 
 
 ■ . . 132, •^— 20, — Angli, read Anglia. 
 
 .— 146, 27,— July 25, read July 27. 
 
 '■ July 27, >va(/ July 31. 
 
 147, 25,— Kill, read XIII. 
 
 176, 32, — Dr. Marter, readHr. Martin Luther. 
 
 - 18 r, 20, — Odvardo, rM^ Odoardo. 
 
 21, — lango, readhiRgO, 
 
 —— — — — — 22,— fa, read fu.
 
 WALTON'S LIVES,
 
 TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE AND REVEREND 
 
 FATHER IN GOD, GEORGE, 
 
 LORD BISHOP OF WINCHESTER, AND PRELATE OF THE 
 MOST NOBLE ORDER OF THE GARTER\ 
 
 MY LORD, 
 
 IDiD fome years paft, prefent you with a plain relation of 
 the life of Mr. Richard Hooker, that humble man, to 
 whofe memory princes, and the moft learned of this nation, 
 have paid a reverence at the mention of his name. — And now, 
 with Mr. Hooker's, I prefent you alfo the life of that pattern 
 of primitive piety, Mr. George Herbert ; and, with his, the 
 life of Dr. Donne, and your friend Sir Henry Wotton, all 
 reprinted. — The two firft were written under your roof; for 
 
 which 
 
 * Dr. George Morley, diftinguiflied by his unfhaken loyalty and attachment to Charles I. 
 was, at the Reftoration, firft made Dean of Chrift-church, and then Bifliop of Worcefter. 
 In 1662 he was tranflated to the fee of Wincheftcr. Though nominated one of the Aflembly 
 of Divines, he never did them the honour, nor himfelf the Trijury, to fit among them. 
 During his abfence from his native country, he endeared himfelf to feveral learned foreigners, 
 particularly to Andrew Rivettus, Heinfius, Salmafius, and Bochart. He conftantly attended 
 the young exiled King ; but not being permitted to follow him into Scotland, he retired to 
 Antwerp, where for about three or four years he read the fervice of the Church of England 
 twice every day, catechized once a week, and adminiftered the communion once a month to 
 all the Englifii in the town who could come to it, regularly and (Iriclly obferving all the 
 parochial duties of a clergyman, as he did afterwards at Breda for four years together. 
 Walker, in his Hiftory of the Sufferings of the Clergy, liaving quoted Anthony Wood's 
 character of this prelate, concludes with this exclamation : " O that but a fingle portion of 
 " his fpirit might always reft on the eftablilhed clergy !" He died in 1684. 
 
 ( Le Neve, FiilUr, and Wood.)
 
 4 EPISTLE DEDICATORY. 
 
 which reafon, if they were worth it, you might juftly chal- 
 lenge a Dedication: And indeed, fo you might of Dr. Donne's 
 and Sir Henry Wotton's ; bccaufe, if I had been fit for this 
 undertaking, it would not have been by acquired learning or 
 ftudy, but by the advantage of forty years friendship, and 
 thereby with hearing and difcourfing with your Lordfhip, 
 that hath enabled me to make the relation of thefe Lives paf- 
 fable (if they prove fo) in an eloquent and captious age. 
 
 And indeed, my Lord, though thefe relations be well- 
 meant facrifices to the memory of thefe worthy men, yet I 
 have fo little confidence in my perform.ance, that I beg par- 
 don for fupcrfcribing your name to them, and defire all that 
 know your Lordfhip, to apprehend this not as a Dedication 
 (at leafl by which you receive any addition of honour), but 
 rather as an humble, and a more public acknowledgment of 
 your long continued, and your now daily favours to. 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 Your moft afi"e6lionate 
 
 And moft humble fervant, 
 
 IZAAK WALTON.
 
 TO THE READER. 
 
 THOUGH the feveral introdudions to thefe feveral lives have partly 
 declared the reafons how, and Why I undertook them, yet fince they 
 are come to be reviewed, and augmented, and reprinted, and the four are 
 how become one book ", I defire leave to inform you that fhall become 
 my reader, that when I fometime look back upon my education and mean 
 abilities, it is not without fome little wonder at myfelf, that I am come to be 
 publicly in print ^ And though I have in thofe introduftions declared 
 fome of the accidental reafons that occafioned me to be fo, yet let me add 
 this to what is there fiid, that by my undertaking to colled fome notes 
 for Sir Henry Wotton's writing the Life of Dr. Donne*^, and by Sir Henry's 
 dying before he performed it, 1 became like thofe men that enter eafily into 
 a law-fuit or a quarrel, and having begun, cannot make a fair retreat and be 
 
 quiet, 
 
 ■* He had not then written the life of Bifliop Sanderfon. 
 
 ' In the preceding Epiflle Dedicatory, our author niodeftly refigns all claim to ** acquired 
 learning or ftudy." 
 
 '' Sir Henry Wotton addreffed the following letter to Mr. Ifaac Walton, who had requefted 
 him to perform his promife of writing the life of Dr. Donne. 
 
 " MY WORTHY FRIEND, 
 
 " I am not able to yield any reafon, no not fo much as may fatisfie myfelf, why a moft 
 ** ingenuous letter of yours hath lain fo long by me (as it were in lavender) without an anfwer, 
 " fave this only, the pleafure I have taken in your ftyle and conceptions, together with a 
 " meditation of the fubjeft you propound, may feem to have call me into a gentle flumber. 
 " But, being now awaked, I do herein return you moft hearty thanks for the kind profecu- 
 " lion of your firft motion, touching a juft office due to the memory of our ever-memorable 
 *' friend ; to whofe good fame, though it be needlefs to add any thing (and, my age con- 
 *' fidered, almoft hopelefs from my pen), yet I will endeavour to perform my promife, if it 
 
 •• were
 
 6 EPISTLE TO THE READER. 
 
 quiet, when they dcfire it.— And really, after fuch a manner, I became 
 engaged into a neceflity of writing the life of Dr. Donne, contrary to my 
 firft intentions ; and that begot a like neceflity of writing the life of his and 
 my ever honoured friend. Sir Henry Wotton. 
 
 And having writ thefe two lives, I lay quiet twenty years, without a 
 thought of either troubling myfelf or others, by any new engagement in 
 this kind ; for 1 thought I knew my unfitnefs. But, about that time, Dr. 
 Gauden' (then Lord Bifliop of Exeter) publifhed the life of Mr. Richard 
 Hooker (fo he called it), with fo many dangerous miflakes, both of him 
 
 and 
 
 " were but even for this caufe, that in faying fomewhat of the life of fo defervlng a man, I 
 " may perchance over-live mine own. 
 
 " That which you add of Dr. King (now made Dean of Rochefler, and by that tranflated 
 " into my native foil) is a great fpur unto me ; with whom I hope (hortly to confer about 
 " it in my paflage towards Boughton Malherb (which was my genial air), and invite him to 
 " a friendfliip with that family, where his prcdeceflbr was familiarly acquainted. I fliall 
 " write to you at large by the next meflenger (being at prefent a little in bufmefs), and then 
 " I {hall fet down certain general heads, wherein I defire information by your loving dili- 
 " gence, hoping fhortly to have your own ever-welcome company in this approaching time 
 " of the /;; and the cork. And fo I reft your very hearty poor friend to ferve you. 
 
 «H. WOTTON." 
 ( Reliquia Wottoniana, p. 360. edit. 3.) 
 
 • Dr. John Gauden, born at Mayland in Eflex, educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, 
 was Dean of Bocking, and Mafter of the Temple, in the beginning of the reign of Charles I. 
 In 1660 he was made Bifliop of Exeter, and from thence promoted toWorcefter in 1662, in 
 which year he died, aged 57 years. " Cum Gilbertus Cantuarienfis Majeftatem ejus certiorem 
 " feciflet Gaudenum vita fundlum efle, " non dubito" regerit Rex, " quin facile erit reperire 
 " hominem eo longe digniorem, qui in ejus locum fufficiatur." 
 
 (Vita Johannis Barwick, p. 251.) 
 
 Whatever credit may be due to the animadverfions of feveral writers on the conduft of 
 Dr. Gauden, it will be only an aft of juftice to intimate, that the editor of the works of INIr. 
 Richard Hooker, and the author of the Memoirs of the Life of Bifliop Brownrigg, and of 
 many other very valuable writings, deferves much of pofterity. His way of preaching is faid 
 to have been moft admirable and edifying. The King, when he nominated him to the fee 
 of Exeter, bore this teftimony to his merit, by obferving, " That he upon all occafions had 
 
 " taken
 
 EPISTLE TO THE READER. ^ 
 
 and his books, that difcourfing of them with his Grace Gilbert, that now 
 is Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury, he enjoined me to examine fome cir- 
 cumffances, and then rectify the Bifhop's miftakes, by giving the world a 
 fuller and truer account of Mr. Hooker and his books than that bilhop had 
 done; and I know I have done fo. And let me tell the reader, that till 
 his Grace had laid this injundtion upon me, I could not admit a thought 
 of any fitnefs in me to undertake ir; but when he twice enjoined me to 
 it, 1 then declined my own, and trufted his, judgment, and fubmitted to 
 his commands ; concluding, that if I did not, I could not forbear accufmg 
 myfelf of difobedience, and indeed of ingratitude, for his many favours. 
 Thus I became engaged into the third life. 
 
 For the life of that great example of holinefs, Mr. George Herbert, I 
 profefs it to be fo far a free-will offering, that it was writ chiefly to pleafe 
 myfelf, but yet not without fome refpedt to pofterity: For though he waS" 
 not a man that the next age can forget, yet many of his particular add 
 and virtues might have been negleded, or loft, if 1 had not colle£ted and 
 prefented them to the imitation of thofe that fhall fucceed us : For I 
 humbly conceive writing to be both a fafer and truer preferver of men's 
 virtuous adlions than tradition; efpecially as it is managed in this age. 
 And I am aUb to tell the reader, that though this life of Mr. Herbert was 
 not by me writ in hafte, yet I intended it a review before it fhould be 
 made public; but that was not allowed me, by reafon of my abfence from 
 London when it was printing : fo that the reader may find in it fome mif- 
 takes, fome double exprefhons, and fome not very proper, and fome that 
 might have been contracted, and fome faults that are not juftly chargeable 
 
 upon 
 
 *' taken worthy pains in the pulpit and at the prefs to refcue his Majefty and the church of 
 ** England from all the miftakes and heterodox opinions of feveral and different faclions ; 
 *♦ as alfo from the facrilegious hands of thofe falfe brethren, whofe fcandalous converfation 
 *' was confummate in devouring church-lands, and then with impudence to make facrilege 
 
 *' lawful." {Wood's Jtk. Ox. vol. ii. ccl. 208.) It muft be owned, that he was one of the 
 
 Aflembly of Divines in 1643, ^"^ t'^^t he took the covenant ; to which, however, he made 
 fome fcruples and objeftions, fo that his name was foon ftruck out of the lift. He aban- 
 doned the caufe of the Parliament as foon as they relinquiftied their firft avowed principles 
 of reforming only, inftead of extirpating monarchy and epifcopacyi
 
 8 " EPISTLE TO THE READER. 
 
 upon me, but tlie primer ; and yet I hope none fo great, as may not by 
 this confeffion purchafe pardon from a good-natured reader. 
 
 And now I wifh, that as that learned Jew, Jofephus, and others, fo 
 thefe men had alfo writ their own lives ; but fince it is not the faihion of 
 thefe times, I wifh their relations or friends would do it for them, before 
 delays make it too difficult. And I d;;lire this the more, becaufe it is an 
 honour due to the dead, and a generous debt due to thofe that ihall live 
 and fucceed us, and would to them prove both a content and fatisfadion. 
 For when the next age (hall (as this does) admire the learning and clear 
 reafon which that excellent cafuift Dr. Sanderfon (the late Bifliop of Lin- 
 coln) hath demonftrated in his fermons and other writings ; Avho, if they 
 love virtue, would not rejoice to know, that this good man was as re- 
 markable for the meeknefs and innocence of his life, as for his great and 
 ufeful learning ; and indeed as remarkable for his fortitude in his long 
 and patient fuffcring (under them that then called themfelves the godly 
 party) for that do£trine which he had preached and printed in the happy 
 days of the nation and the church's peace ? And who would not be con- 
 tent to have the like account of Dr. Field ^^ that great fchoolman, and 
 others of noted learning? And though I cannot hope that my example or 
 reafon can perfuade to this undertaking, yet I pleafe myfelf, that I fliall 
 conclude my preface with wifliing that it were fo. 
 
 J. W. 
 
 ' Dr. Richard Field, Chapbin to James I. and Dean of Glouccfler, died Nov. 2i, 1616,— 
 the friend of M. . RichnrJ Hooker, and one of the moft learned men of his age. He was the 
 author of a work entitled, " Of the Church, fol. 1610." — James I. when he firft heard him 
 preach, faid, "This is a Fic/il for God to dwell in." — With the fame allufion Fuller calls him 
 that learned divine, " whofe memory fiiielleth like a Fie/d that the Lord hath bleffcd." — 
 Anthony Wood mentions a manufcript, written by Nathaniel Field, Redor of Stourton, in 
 Wiitfliire, containing " feme fhort Memorials concerning the Life of that Rev. Divine, Dr. 
 Richard Field, Prebendary of Windfor," &c. The feature which peculiarly marked his dif- 
 pofition, was an averfion to thofe difputes on the Arminian points, which then began to 
 difturb the peace of the church, and from which he dreaded the mofl unhappy confcquenccs. 
 It was his ambition to conciUtate, not to irritate.
 
 TO MY OLD AND MOST WORTHY FRIEND* 
 
 MR. IZAAK WALTON,, 
 
 ON H t S 
 
 LIFE OF DOCTOR DONNE, &c. 
 
 WHEN, to a Nation's loft, the virtuous die. 
 There's juftly due from ev'ry hand and eye. 
 That can, or write, or weep, an elegy. 
 
 Which though it be the pooreft, cheapeft way. 
 The debt we owe, great merits to defray, 
 Yet it is ahnoft all that moft men pay. 
 
 And thefe are monuments of fo fhort date, 
 That with their birth they oft receive their fate • 
 Dying with thofe whom they would celebrate. 
 
 And though to verfe great reverence is due. 
 Yet what moft poets write proves fo untrue. 
 It renders truth in verfe fufpeaicd too. 
 
 Something more facrcd then, and more entire 
 
 The memories of virtuous men require. 
 
 Then what may with their funeral-torch expire: 
 
 This hiftory can give ; to which alone 
 
 The privilege to mate oblivion 
 
 Is granted, when deny'd to brafs and flone. 
 
 Wherein,
 
 ,0 VERSES TO MR. WALTON. 
 
 Wherein, my friend, you have a hand fo fure, 
 Your truths fo candid luc, your ftyle fo pure. 
 That what you write may Envy's fearch endure. 
 
 Your pen, difdaining to be brib'd or preft, 
 
 Flows without vanity, or intereft ; 
 
 A virtue with which few good pens are blcft. 
 
 How happy was my father then^ ! to fee 
 Thofe men he lov'd, by him he lov'd, to be 
 Refcu'd from fraikies and mortality. 
 
 Wotton and Donne, to whom his foul was knit, 
 Thofe twins of virtue, eloquence, and wit, 
 He faw in Fame's eternal annals writ. 
 
 Where one has fortunately found a place. 
 More faithful to him than his marble was''. 
 Which eating age', nor hre fhall e'er deface. 
 
 A monument that, as it has, fliall laft 
 And prove a monument to that defac'd ; 
 Itfelf, but v.'ith the world, not to be raz'd. 
 
 And even in their flow'ry characters. 
 
 My father's grave, part of your friendfhip fhares ; 
 
 For you have honour'd his in ftrewing theirs. 
 
 Thus 
 
 s The charaiftcr of Mr. Charles Cotton, the father of Charles Cotton the poet, is moft 
 beautifully delineated by the noble hillorian. 
 
 (Life of Edward Earl of Clarendon, fol. 1 759. p- 16.J 
 
 ^ His monument in St. Paul's church before the late dreadful fire, 1665. 
 
 ' Jamq; opus cxegi, quod, nee Jovis Ira, nee Ignis, 
 Nee poterit Ferrum, nee f</a« abolere Vetuftas, Oyid.
 
 VERSES TO MR. WALTON. n 
 
 Thus by an office, though particular. 
 Virtue's whole common-weal obliged are ; 
 For in a virtuous ad all good men fhare. 
 
 And by this ad, the world is taught to know, 
 
 That the true friendfhip we to merit owe, , 
 
 Is not difcharg'd by compliment and fhow. 
 
 But yours is friendfhip of fo pure a kind, 
 From all mean ends and intereft fo refin'd,. 
 It ought to be a pattern to mankind ^ 
 
 For, whereas moft men's friendfhips here beneath, 
 Do perilh with their friends' expiring breath, 
 Yours proves a friendfhip living after death ; 
 
 By which the generous Wotton, reverend Donne, 
 Soft Herbert, and the church's champion 
 Hooker, are refcu'd from oblivion. 
 
 For though they each of them his time fo fpent^ 
 
 As rais'd unto himfelf a monument. 
 
 With which Ambition might refl well content ; 
 
 Yet their great works, though they can never die,. 
 And are in truth fuperlatively high. 
 Are no jufl fcale to take their virtues by ; 
 
 Becaufe they fliew not how th' Almighty's grace,. 
 By various and more admirable ways, 
 Brought them to be the organs of his praife. 
 
 But what their humble modefty would hide. 
 And was by any other means deny'd. 
 Is by your love and diligence fupply'd. 
 
 G 2 Wotton>
 
 is VERSES TO MR. WALTON. 
 
 "Wottnn, — a nobler foul was never bred ! — 
 You, by your nairativc's moll fven thread. 
 Through all his labyrinths of hte have led ; 
 
 Through his degrees of honour and of arts, 
 Brou^jh'' him fecure from Envy's venom'd darts, 
 Which are ftill ievell'd at the greateil parts; 
 
 Through all th' employments of his wit and fpirit. 
 Whole great efiefts thelt kingdoms ilill inherit, 
 The, trials then, new trophies of his merit; 
 
 Nay, through difgrace, which oft the worthieft have, 
 Tiiro' all fiate-tempefts, thro' each wind and wave, 
 And laid him in an honourable grave. 
 
 And yours, and the whole world's beloved Donne, 
 When he a long and wild career had run, 
 To the meridian of his glorious fun ; 
 
 And being then an obje£t of much ruth. 
 Led on by vanities, error, and youth. 
 Was long ere he did find the way to truth : 
 
 By the fame clew, after his youthful fwing. 
 To ferve at his God's altar here you bring. 
 Where an once wanton mufe doth anthems fing. 
 
 And though by God's moft powerful grace alone 
 
 His heart was fettled in Religion, 
 
 Yet 'tis by you we know how it was done; 
 
 And know, that having crucify'd vanities 
 And fixt his hope, he clos'd up his own eyes, 
 And then your friend a faint and preacher dies. 
 
 The 
 
 I
 
 VERSES TO MR. WALTON. 13 
 
 The meek and learned Hooker too, almoft 
 I'the Church's ruins over-whehn'd and loft, 
 Is by your pen recover'd from his duft. 
 
 And Herbert ; — he, whofe education, 
 Manners, and parts, by high applaufes blown, 
 Was deeply tainted with Ambition, 
 
 And fitted for a court, made that his aim ; 
 At laft, without regard to birth or name. 
 For a poor country-cure does all difclaim ; 
 
 Where, with a foul compos'd of harmonies, 
 Like a fweet fwan, he warbles as he dies 
 His Maker's praife, and his own obfequies. 
 
 All this you tell us, with fo good fuccefs. 
 
 That our oblig'd pofterity (hall profefs, 
 
 T'have been your friend, was a great happinefs. 
 
 And now ! when many worthier would be proud 
 T'appear before you, if they were allow'd, 
 I take up room enough to ferve a crowd : 
 
 Where to commend what you have choicely writ, 
 Both my poor teftimony and my wit 
 Are equally invalid and unfit : 
 
 Yet this, and much more, is moft juftly due, 
 Were what I write as elegant as true. 
 To the bcft friend I now or ever knew. 
 
 But, my dear friend, 'tis fo, that you and I, 
 
 By a condition of mortality, 
 
 With all this great, and more proud world, muft die : 
 
 In
 
 14 VERSES TO MR. WALTON. 
 
 In which eflate I afk no more of Fame, 
 Nor other monument of Honour claim, 
 Tlicn that of your true friend, t'advance my name. 
 
 And if your many merits fhall have bred 
 An abler pen to write your life when dead, 
 I think an honefter cannot be read. 
 
 Jan. 17, 1672. CHARLES COTTON" 
 
 " The author of " Scarronides, or Virgilc Traveflie," and of other poems. He compofed the 
 fccond part of " The Complete Angler, or the Contemplative Man's Recreation ;" being a 
 continuation of Ifaac Walton's tra£l on the fame fubject. In this work he tlius fpeaks of our 
 Biographer : " I have the happinefs to know his perfon, and to be intimately acquainted with 
 " him, and in him to know the worthieft man, and to enjoy the bed and trueft friend any 
 *' man ever had : Nay, I fliall yet acquaint you further, that he gives me leave to call him. 
 " Father, and I hope is not afliamed to own me for his adopted Son."
 
 COPY OF A LETTER 
 
 MR. IZAAK WALTON, 
 
 DOCTOR KING, LORD BISHOP OF CHICHESTER'. 
 
 HONEST IZAAK, 
 
 THOUGH a familiarity of more than forty years continuance, and the 
 conftant experience of your love, even in the word of the late fad 
 times, be fufficient to endear our friendlhip ; yet, I muft confefs my af- 
 fection much improved, not only by evidences of private refpeft to many 
 that know and love you, but by your new demonftration of a public fpirlt, 
 teftified in a diligent, true, and ufeful collection of fo many material paf- 
 fages as you have now afforded me in the Life of venerable Mr. Hooker; 
 
 of 
 
 ' Dr. Henry King, Bifliop of Chichefter, fon of Dr. John King, Bifliop of London, and 
 great nephew of Robert King the firfl; Bifliop of Oxford, and the laft Abbot of Ofney, was 
 the author of a new metrical tranflation of the Pfalms, (of which he has given a modeft ac- 
 count in a letter to Archbifliop Uflier, dated Ot\. 30, 165 1. Ufier's Letters, p. 567,) and 
 alfo of poems, elegies, paradoxes, fonnets, divers Latin and Greek poems, with fome 
 fermons and religious tradts. Whilft he was Dean of Rochefler, he was fufpected of fa- 
 vouring the Puritans : The king, defirous of gratifying that party, made him Bifliop of Chi- 
 chefter : But during the time of Cromwell's ufurpation, he fuftered with his brethren, and 
 was compelled to go abroad. He returned at the Reftoration, and furviving that event nine 
 years, died Oct. i, 1669. He was advanced to a bifliopric, when Epifcopacy was in a 
 finking ftate ; " It being conceived," fays Jacob, " the moft effedual method for the refti- 
 " tution of that order, to prefer perfons not only of unblameable lives, and eminent for 
 " their learning, but fuch as were generally beloved by ail difinterelled people. The king's 
 " choice amongft thefe was very happy in this great divine, who lived a moft religious life, 
 '• and did not die till after his order was reftored."
 
 1 6 LETTER TO MR. WALTON. 
 
 of which, fincc dcfircd 1)7 fuch a friend as yourfelf, I fhall not deny to 
 give the tellimony of what I know concerning him and his learned books; 
 but fliall lirft here take a fair occafion to lell you, that you have been 
 happy in choofing to write the Lives of three fuch perfons, as pofterity 
 hath juft caufe to honour; which they will do the more for the true rela- 
 tion of them by your happy pen : of all which 1 fhall give you my un- 
 feigned cenfure. 
 
 I fhall begin with my moft dear and incomparable friend Dr, Donne, late 
 Dean of St. Paul's church, w-ho not only trufted me as his executor, but three 
 days before his death, delivered into my hands thofe excellent Sermons 
 of his, now made public ; profefTmg before Dr. Winniff ", Dr. Monford", 
 and, I think, yourfelf then prefent at his bed-fide, that it was by my reft- 
 lefs importunity, that he had prepared them for the prefs ; together with 
 which (as his beft legacy) he gave me all his fermon-notes, and his other 
 papers, containing an extradt of near fifteen hundred authors. How thefe 
 
 were 
 
 "> Dr. Thomas WinnifF, fucceffively Dean of Gloucefter an^ of St. Paul's, was promoted to- 
 the biftiopric of Lincoln in 1641, on the tranflation of Dr. Williams to York. His inildnefs,. 
 mccknefs, and humility, were equalled only by his learning, integrity, and eloquence. He 
 experienced vexation and trouble in his promotion, and was under the necefTity of retiring to 
 a country parifh, Lambourn in Eflex, where he died in 1654. A monument was there erected 
 to his memory, on which he is defcribed as one " Ex eorum numero Epifcoporum, quibus 
 " incumbebat nutantis Epifcopatus molem pietatis ac probitatis fure Fulcimine furtentare." 
 He has been cenfured, along with Uflier, Prideaux, and others, for the moderation which he 
 always difplayed towards the Puritans, and indeed towards all thofe who were not well af- 
 fe£led to the church of Enghmd. But furely fuch a moderation is more commendable than 
 the I'.arflinefs and acrimony of intemperate zeal. Lord Clarendon naming four other divines, 
 who were appointed bifhops at the fame time with Dr. WinniiF, charafterifes them as ." of 
 " great eminency in the church, frequent preachers, and not a man to whom the faults of 
 *' the then governing clergy were imputed, or againft whom the lead objection could be 
 •' made." 
 
 "■ Dr. Thomas Mountfort, a Refidentiary of St. Paul's, died Feb. 27, 1632. It appears 
 from Strype's Life of Whitgift, that this perfon was fufpendcd for having clajideftinely mar- 
 ried Edward, Earl of Hertford, and Frances Pranel, widow of Henry Pranel, Efq. without 
 bans or licenfe. Upon his fubmiflion and earneft dcfire to be abfolved, he obtained abfolu- 
 tion from Archbifliop Wliitgift himfelf.
 
 LETTER TO MR. WALTON". 17 
 
 were got out of my hands, you, who were the medenger for them, and 
 how loft both to me and yourfelf, is not now feafonable to complain: But, 
 fmce they did mifcarry, I am glad that the general demonftration of his 
 worth was fo fairly preferved, and reprefented to the world by your pen 
 in the hiftory of his life ; indeed fo well, that befide others, the beft critic 
 of our later time (Mr. John Hales" of Eaton College) affirmed to me, he 
 had not feen a life written with more advantage to the fubjed, or more 
 reputation to the writer, than that of Dr. Donne's". 
 
 After the performance of this taflc for Dr. Donne, you undertook the like 
 office for your friend Sir Henry Wotton ; betwixt which two there was a 
 friendfhip begun in Oxford, continued in their various travels, and more 
 confirmed in the religious friendfhip of age : and doubtlefs this excel- 
 lent perfon had writ the life of Dr. Donne, if death had not prevented 
 him ; by which means his and your pre-colle£tions for that work fell to 
 the happy menage of your pen : a work which you would have declined, 
 if imperious perfuafions had not been ftronger than your modeft refolutions 
 againft it. And I am thus far glad, that the firft life was fo impofed upon 
 you, becaufe it gave an unavoidable caufe of writing the fecond : If not ; 
 it is too probable, we had wanted both, which had been a prejudice to all 
 lovers of honour and ingenious learning. And let me not leave my friend 
 Sir Henry, without this teftimony added to yours ; that he was a man of as 
 florid a wit, and as elegant a pen, as any former (or ours, which in that kind 
 is a moft excellent,) age hath ever produced. 
 
 And 
 
 " The ever memorable John Hales, Greek Profefibr in the UniverGty of Oxford, and after- 
 ward Fellow of Eton College, from his vaft erudition, called " The Walking Library," was 
 efteemed to be one of the greateft fcholars in Europe. Having attended the Ambaflador of 
 James I. to the Synod of Dort, he compofed, in a ferles of letters, a regular and mofl faith- 
 ful narrative of the proceedings of that aflembly. His adherence to the royal caufe, involved 
 him in diftrcfs. Obliged to fell his moft valuable colledion of books at a low price, he died 
 in extreme mifery, May 19, 1656, aged 72 years. It is juftly remarked, that " it was none 
 of the leaft injuries of thofe times, that fo eminent a man as Hales fliould live and die un- 
 der fuch neceffities as he did, by which his life was fliortened." 
 
 P This was fpoken of the firft edition of Ifaac Walton's Life of Dr. Donne, which was. 
 printed in 1640 ; and not, as Wood afBrms, in 1653. ^ 
 
 H
 
 : S i.ETTF.R TO MR. WALTON. 
 
 And now ha\Ing made this voluntary obfcrvation of our two deceafed 
 friends, 1 proceed to fatisfy your dedre concerning what I know and believe 
 of the cvcr-memorable Mr. Hooker, who was Schifmaikorum Malleus, fo 
 great a champion for the^Church of "England's rights againlt the fadious 
 torrent of Sepanitifts, that then ran high againll church-dilclpline ; and in 
 his unanf\verable books continues to be fo againft the unquiet difciples of 
 their fchifm, which now under other names ftill carry on their derign% and, 
 who (as the proper heirs of their irrational zeal) would again rake into the 
 fcarce-clofed wounds of a newly-bleeding ftate and church. 
 
 And firfl:, though I dare not fay that I knew Mr. Hooker ; yet, as our 
 Ecclefiaftical Hiftory rq)orts to the honour of St. Ignatius', " that he lived 
 in the lime of St. John, and had feen him in his childhood." So, I alfo 
 joy, that in my minority I have often feen Mr. Hooker with my father, 
 who was after Bifliop of London ; from whom, and others, at that time, I 
 have heard moft of the material pailiiges which you relate in the Hiftory of 
 his Life ; and, from my father received fuch a chara£lcr of his learning, 
 humility, and other virtues, that, like jewels of invaluable price, they ftill 
 caft fuch a luftre, as envy or the ruft of time fhall never darken. 
 
 From my father I have alfo heard all the circumftances of the plot to de- 
 fame him ; and how Sir Edwin Sandys outwitted his accufers, and gained 
 their confeffion : and I could give an account of each particular of that 
 plot, but that I judge it fitter to be forgotten, and rot in the fame grave 
 with the malicious authors'. 
 
 I 
 
 "> The Separatifts from the Cliurch of England, were originally called by a general term, 
 *' Puritans." Split into parties, they were foon diferiminated by the various appellations of 
 " Pre(byterians," " hidependents," " Brownifls," " Familiils," &c. 
 
 ' Ignatius, Bifliop of Antioch, is in the lift of the Apojlol'ic Fathers, among whom were 
 placed fueh Chridian doctors as-had converfed with the apoitles themfelves, or their difciples. 
 This pious and venerable man, who being expofed to wild beads by the order of Trajan, fuf- 
 fercd martyrdom with the utmofl: eonllancy, was educated under the apoltle and evangelifl 
 St. John, and intimately acquainted with St. Ptt;r and St. Paul. 
 
 ' The writer of this letter experienced, in his own perfon, a pleafure equal to any, of which 
 human nature is capable, that of vindicating the injured fame of a beloved parent. When 
 
 Dr.
 
 LETTER TO MR. WALTON. iq 
 
 I" may not omit to declare, that my fatlier's knowledge of Mr. Hooker, 
 was occafioned by the learned Dr. John Spencer ; who, after the death of 
 Mr. Hooker, was fo careful to preferve his invaluable fixth, feventh, and 
 eighth books of " Ecclefiaftical Polity," and his other writings, that he pro- 
 cured Plenry Jackfon, then of Corpus Chrifti College, to tranfcribe for 
 him all Mr. Hooker's remaining written papers ; many of which were im- 
 perfedl : for his ftudy had been rifled, or worfe ufed," by Mr. Chark, and 
 c.nother, of principles to like his. But thefe papers were endeavoured 
 to be completed by his dear friend Dr. Spencer \ who bequeathed them as a 
 precious legacy to my father, after whofc death they refted in my hand, till 
 Dr. Abbot", then Archbifhop of Canterbury, commanded them out of my 
 cuilody, by authorizing Dr. John Barkeham'' to require, and bring them 
 to him to his palace in Lambeth; at which time, 1 have heard, they were put 
 into the BIlliop's library, and that they remained there till the martyrdom of 
 
 H 2 Arch- 
 
 Dr. John King, Bifliop of London, a mun of foliJ gravity and piety, and of fuch an excel- 
 lent volubility of tongue as well as invention,, that James I. denominated him " the King of 
 Preachers," ^-as traduced as having abjured that religion, -vvhich in th.e courfe of a long lite he 
 had uniformly defended and adorned, this his fon detected the falfehood of the accufition, 
 and in a fermon at St. Paul's Crofs, clearly expofed the artifices of an infamous, but at that 
 time no unufual calumny. 
 
 ' Prefident of Corpus Chrifti College in Oxford. After the death of Mr. Hooker he pub- 
 Jillied the five'books. of the Ecclefiaftical Polity, with an excellent preface, fubfcribed L S. the 
 initial letters of his name. (See Wood's Ath. Ox. vol. I. p. 393.^ 
 
 " The character of this prelate, juftly to be admired for his truly Chriftian moderation and 
 mildnefs, has been moft happily pourtrayed by the pen of the Right Hon. Arthur Ondow, 
 for many years the venerable Speaker of the Britifh Houfe of Commons, in " The Life of 
 Dr. George Abbot, &c. reprinted with fome additions, &c. Guildford, 1777." 
 
 " Chaplain to Archbifhop Bancroft, as well as to his fucceflbr. Dr. Abbot, and Dean of 
 Bocking in Effex : An able divine and an amiable man. To his knowledge in divinity he ad- 
 ded otlicr literary accomplifliments, being an accurate hiftorian, weil Ikllled in coins and an- 
 tiquities, and fo great a proficient in heraldry, that he is gi'nerally fuppofed to have been the 
 author of that celebrated work, which was publifhed in the name of John Guillim. , He was 
 alfo the editor of Crakanthorpe's book againft the ArchbiHiop of Spalato, entitled " Defcnfio 
 JEcclefis;," &c. Speed, at the conclufion of his Hiftory of Great Britain, gratefully acknow- 
 ledges " The moft acceptable helps both of books and collections (cfpecially in matters re- 
 "• meter from our times) from that worthy divine, Maftcr John Barkeham, a gentleman com- 
 " pofed of learning, vertue, and courtefic, as being no leffe ingenioufly willing, than Icarn- . 
 " cdly able, to advance and forward all vertuous endeavours." He bequeathed his valuable 
 coins to Archbifhop Laud, through whofc munificence they were depofiteJ in the Bodleiaai ■ 
 Library at Oxford. .
 
 «Q LETTER TO MR. WALTON. 
 
 Archbllliop Laud ; and were then, by the brethren of that facfllon, given, 
 with all the library, to Hugh Peters*, as a reward for his remarkable fervice 
 in thofe fad times of the Church's confufion : And though they could 
 hardly fall into a fouler hand; yet there wanted not other endeavours to 
 corrupt and make them fpcak that language for which the fadion then 
 fought, which indeed was — to fubjccl the fever eigti power to the people. 
 
 But I need not ftrive to vindicate Mr. Hooker in this particular ; his 
 known loyalty to his prince whilft he lived, the forrow exprelled by King 
 James at his death, the value our late fovereign (of ever-blelTed memory) 
 put upon his works, and now, the fmgular charadter of his worth by you, 
 given in the pailages of his Life, efpecially in your Appendix to it, do 
 
 fulllciently 
 
 y Hugh Peters, a man of loofe morak, having been expelled in the earlier part of his life 
 from the Univerfity of Cambridge, became afterward an itinerant preacher in New England, 
 Holland, and other countries, and was at length appointed one of Oliver Cromwell's Chap- 
 lains, and a Colonel in the army. He and -Dr. Burgefs arc clafled among thofe precious- 
 gifted teachers, to whom Butler alludes in the heroical epifblc of Hudibras to his Lady, 
 vcr. "^05, 306. He occafionally preached the lefture at Stepney, and from thence was called 
 by William Grecnhill, the noted Indepcndant, " The Evening Star of Stepney." Many 
 inflances are recorded of the violence of his zeal againft; monarchy. When Oxford was 
 furrendcrcd in 1646, for the ufc of the Parliament, he was one of the chaplains who, by pro- 
 pagating the mod feditious doctrines in the town and in the univerfity, endeavoured to fc- 
 
 duce the inhabitants and the young fcholars from their allegiance. In the pulpit he not 
 
 unfrequcntly afted the part of a buffoon or merry-andrew. He ufed to fay, that it would 
 never be well till 150 — " The three L's, the Lords, the Levites, and the Lawyers," were put 
 down. He preached divers fermons to perfuade the army to deftroy the king, whom he com- 
 pared to Barabbas."^— It was given in evidence againft him, that he was wont to call the king 
 tyrant and fod\ and that, on the Sunday after his Majefty was brought to his trial, in the 
 courfe of his fermon, he uttered thefe words,—" Lord, now letteft thou thy fervant depart in 
 " peace, for mine eyes have feen thy falvation." 
 
 Such was the man who got poflefiion, not only of the Archbifliop's library at Lambeth, 
 but alfo of the invaluable one which belonged to the King. A commiffion was granted by 
 Charles II. dated Sept. 10, 1660, to Thomas Rofs, tutor to the Duke of Monmouth, and 
 Elias Aflimole, Efquires, empowering them to examine Hugh Peters concerning the books 
 and medals which he was fufpe£led of having embezzled. It was well known that he had 
 ranfacked the royal library and clofet, and that their moft valuable curiofities were taken out, 
 and difperfed over Europe. In his examination (B'togr. Brit. vol. 11. p. 230. K."] he declared, 
 that he gave up the key and cuftody of them to Major General Ireton. — Of his behaviour, 
 during his trial and at his execution, fee the State Trials.
 
 LETTER TO MR. WALTON. 2 1 
 
 fufEciently clear him from that imputation. And I am glad you mention 
 how much value Thomas Stapleton, Pope Clement the VIIL and other 
 eminent men of the Romifh perfuafion, have put upon his books : Having 
 been told the fame in my youth by perfons of worth that have travelled 
 Italy. 
 
 Laftly, I mull again congratulate this undertaking of yours, as now 
 more proper to you than any other perfon, by reafon of your long 
 knowledge and alliance to the worthy family of the Cranmers (my old 
 friends alfo), who have been men of noted wifdom, efpecially Mr. George 
 Cranmer, whofe prudence added to that of Sir Edwin Sandys, proved very 
 ufeful in the completing of Mr. Hooker's matchlefs books : one of their 
 letters I herewith fend you, to make ufe of if you think fit. And let me 
 fay further ; you merit much from many of Mr. Hooker's beft friends 
 then living ; namely, from the ever-renowned Archbilliop Whitgift, of 
 whofe incomparable worth, with the charadler of the times, you have given 
 us a more fhort and fignificant account than I have received from any other 
 pen. You have done much for the learned Sir Henry Savile, his contem- 
 porary and familiar friend ; amongft the furviving monuments of whofe 
 learning (give me leave to tell you fo) two are omitted ; his edition of 
 Euclid^, but efpecially his tranflation of " King James's Apology for the 
 Oath of Allegeance,'' into elegant Latin; vv-hich flying in that drefs as far as 
 Rome, was by the Pope and Conclave lent to Salamancti unto Francifcus 
 Suarez'' (then refiding there as prefident of that college) with a command 
 
 to 
 
 ^ Or ratlier his works entitled " Praeletfliones tredecim in Principlum Elementorum Eu- 
 clidis Oxonise Habita;. Oxon, i<^2i." 4to- Sir Henry Savile having read thirteen lectures 
 upon tlie firfl eight propofitions of Euclid, furrendered the chair to Mr. Briggs, taking leave 
 of his audience in his laft lecture with thefe words, " Trado Lampadem fucceflbri meo, 
 " dodtiflimo viro, qui vos ad intima Geometrix Myfleria perducet." 
 
 (Ifni-d's Profijfors of GreJJjam College, p. 121.^ 
 
 =■ A celebrated Jefuit, the author of many controverfial and other trafts. He was born in 
 1548, and died ih irti7. His works are contained in 23 vol. foilo. The treatife here al- 
 luded to is entitled " Defenfio Fidel Catholicne, contra Angelicana: Se(f\x Errores, una cum 
 Refponfione ad Jac. Regis Apologiam pro Juramento Fidelitatis. Mag. 1619." A copy of 
 this book was burnt In England by public authority. It is related of liim, th.it he met death 
 Vvith the moft joyful tranquillity and compofure of mind, uttering thefe words, " Non puta- 
 
 " bnm
 
 2 2 LETTER TO MR. WALTON, 
 
 to anfwer it. And it is worth noting, thiit when he had perfeded the woik. 
 which he calls " Defenfio Fidei Catholicae," it was tranfmitted to Rome for 
 a view of the inquifitors ; who, according to their cuftom, blotted out wjiat 
 they pleafcd, and (as Mr. Hooker hath been ufcd fince his death) added 
 whatfoever might advance the Pope's fupremacy, or carry on their own in- 
 tereft ; commonly coupling together Deponere et Occidcre^ the dcpofing, 
 and then killing of princes. Which cruel and unchriftian language, Mr. 
 John SaltkeP,. the Amanuenfis to Suarez, when he wrote that anfwer. (but 
 lince a convert, and living long in my father's houfe\ often profcfled the 
 good old man (whofe piety and chanty Mr. Saltkel magniiicd much) not 
 only dilavowed, but detefted. Not to trouble you further ; your reader (if 
 according to your defirc, my approbation of your work carries any weight) 
 will here find many juft reafons to thank you for it ; and polfdily for this 
 circumftance here mentioned (not known to many), may happily apprehend 
 one to thank him, who heartily wiihes your hapj^inefs, and is unfeignedly, 
 Sir, your ever-faitlxful and affedionate old friend, 
 
 CHicHESTrR.Nov. HENRY CHICHESTER. 
 
 17, 1664. 
 
 " bam tarn duice, tam fuave e(Ic mori." ( Diciioiiaire Hifloriquef iz'c. a Puiis, i"]'].) 
 
 Dr. Robert Abbot, Bifliop of Salilbury, delivered a courfe of lectures againll Suarez. The^ 
 were publiflied after his death by his fon, with this title, " De fuprema poteftate regia, cx- 
 ercitationes habitx in Academia Oxonienfi, contra Rob. Bellarmine et Francis Suarez. 
 
 Londini, 1619." 4to. Pope Paul V. diihonouredhis title of Holinefs, and caft an indelible 
 
 ftain on his infallibility, by an exprefs approbation of the doiStrine advanced in the writings 
 of Suarez in defence of the murder of Kings. 
 
 " Mr. John Saltkel or Salkeild ; for fome years a Member of the Church of Rome and a 
 Jefuit. He was profoundly read in theological and other authors; but, being for the fame 
 of his learning brought before King James, he was fo far convinced by his Majefly's argu- 
 ments, as to come over to the Church of England, for which he was wont to ftyie himfelf 
 " The Royal Convert," and the King honoured him fo far, as to call him " The Learned 
 
 Salkeld" in his works and writings. (Echard's Hijlory of EnginnJ, vol. II. p. 871.^ 
 
 " Never had England more learned bifliops and doctors : Which of them ever returned 
 *• from his majefly's difcourfe without admiration ? What king chriftened, hath written fo 
 " learned volumes ? To omit the reft, his lafl of this kind, wherein he hath fo held up Car- 
 "dinal Bellarmine and his niafter Pope Paulus, is fuch, thatPleffisand Mouline, the two great 
 "lights of France, profcfs to receive their light in diis difcourfe from his beams, and the 
 " learned Jefuit, Salkeild, could not but be converted with the neccffity of thofe denionflra- 
 
 " tions " (Holy Panegyric, Bijhop HalPs Works, p. 1142.) INIr. Salkeld became Redor 
 
 of Church Taunton in Devonfliire, in 1635, and was afterward, for his loyalty, deprived of 
 his preferment, and died at Ulculm, in Feb. 1659-60.
 
 THE LIFE 
 
 DOCTOR JOHN DONNE, 
 
 LATE DEAN OF SAINT PAUL'S CHURCH, LONDON.
 
 THE INTRODUCTION. 
 
 IF that great mafter of language and art, Sir Henry Wotton, the late Pro- 
 voft of Eaton College, had lived to fee the publication of thefe fernions% 
 he had prefented the world with the Author's life exadtly written ; and 
 it was pity he did not ; for it was a work worthy his undertaking, and he 
 fit to undertake it : betwixt whom, and the Author, there was fo mutual a 
 knowledge, and fuch a friendfhip contraded in their youth, as nothing but 
 death could force a feparation. And, though their bodies were divided, 
 their affedlions were not : for that learned Knight's love followed his 
 friend's fame beyond death and the forgetful grave'' j which he tcftified by 
 entreating me, whom he acquainted with his defign, to inquire of fome 
 particulars that concerned it, not doubting but my knowledge of the Au- 
 thor, and love to his memory, might make my diligence ufeful : I did moft 
 gladly undertake the employment, and continued it with great content till 
 I had made my colledtion ready to be augmented and completed by his 
 matchlefs pen : but then, death prevented his intentions. 
 
 When I heard that fad news, and heard alfo that thefe fermons were to 
 be printed, and want the Author's life, which I thought to be very remark- 
 able : Indignation or grief (indeed I know not which) tranfported me fo far, 
 that I reviewed my forfaken colledlions, and refolved the world fhould fee 
 the heft plain pi£ture of the Author's life that my artlefs pencil, guided by 
 the hand of truth, could prefent to it. 
 
 I And 
 
 ' It muft be remembered that the life of Dr. Donne was originally prefixed to the firft vo- 
 lume of his fermons, printed in 1640. 
 
 ''The grave which caufes forgetfulncfs. In this fenfe the epithet is ufed in Milton 
 
 If the fleepy drench 
 
 " Of that forgetful lake benumb not ftill. Par. Lost, B. II. ver. 7 j, 
 
 " Obliviofo laevia MafTico 
 
 " Cibaria exple. HoR. L. H. Od. VII. ver. 11. 
 O^Ti iru ii( aJsv 7i Tit lK^t^aOc>T« ^uh»^ti<;, Thbocr. '!,\ivh>\, «. 61.
 
 26 THE INTRODUCTIOiSr. 
 
 A^d if I fhall now be demanded, as once Pompey's poor bondman was' ; — 
 (the grateful wretch had been left alone on the fea-fhore, with the forfa- 
 ken dead body of his once glorious lord and mafter : and, was then gather- 
 ing the fcattered pieces of an old broken boat to make a funeral pile to burn 
 it, which was the cuftom of the Romans j — " Who art thou that alone 
 " haft ihe honour to bury the body of Pompey the great* ?" fo, who am I 
 that do thus officioufly fct the Author's memory on lire ? I hope the quef- 
 tion will prove to have in it, more of wonder than difdain. But wonder 
 indeed the reader may, that I, who profefs myfelf artlefs, flaould prcfume 
 with my faint light to fliew forth his life whofe very name makes it illuftri- 
 ous ! but be this to the difadvantagc of the perfon reprcfented : Certain I 
 am, it is to the advantage of the beholder, who fhall here fee the Author's 
 pidture in a natural drefs, which ought to beget faith in what is fpoken ; 
 for he that wants fkill to deceive, may fafcly be trufted. 
 
 And it the Author's glorious fpirit, which now is in heaven, can have 
 the leifure to look down and fee me, the pooreft, the meaneft of all his 
 friends, in the midft of his officious duty, confident I am, that he will not 
 difdain this well-meant facrifice to his memory : for, whilll his converfation 
 made me and many others happy below, I know his humility and gentle- 
 nefs were then eminent ; and, I have heard divines fay, thofe virtues that 
 were but fparks upon earth, become great and glorious flames in heaven. 
 
 Before I proceed further, I am to entreat the reader to take notice, that 
 when Do£tor Donne's Sermons were firft printed, this was then my excufe 
 for daring to write his life ; and, I dare not now apx)ear without it. 
 
 ' Philip, the frcecl-man of Pompey, watched the dead body of his mafter, till the multi- 
 tude had fatisficd their curiofity ; and then wafhing it with fea-water, he wrapt it up in a 
 garment of his own, and finding fome rotten planks of a little filherman's boat, he gathered 
 them together for a funeral pile. Lucan has given a long defcription of Pompey's unhappy 
 deftiny. According to his account, the body was thrown into the fea, and Servius Codrus, 
 once his qux-ftor and his friend, brought it to fliore, and paid the laft honours to it. 
 
 E latebris pavidus decuriit ad aequora Codrus 
 QuiuHor ab Idalio Cinyrxx litoie Cypri : 
 In faullus magnl fuerat comes : ille per umbras 
 Aufus ferre gradum, viflum pietate timorem 
 Conipulit, ut mediis quxfitum corpus in undis 
 Duceret ad temm, traheietq; ad litora magnum. 
 
 LvcAN. L. VIIT. ver. 7*0*/ 
 * Plutarch's Lives,
 
 W. JOHN DONNE.
 
 THE LIFE OF JOHN DONNE. 
 
 MASTER John Donne was born in London, in the year 1573, of good 
 and virtuous parents : and though his own learning and other mul- 
 tipUed merits may juftly appear fufficient to dignify both himfelf and his 
 pofterity, yet the reader may be pleafed to know, that his father was mal- 
 cuUnely and lineally defcended from a very ancient family in Wales, where 
 many of his name now live, that deferve and have great reputation in that 
 country. 
 
 Ey his mother he was defcended of the family of the famous and learned 
 Sir Thomas Moor*^, fometime Lord Chancellor of England ; as alfo from 
 that worthy and laborious Judge Raftall^ who left pofterity the vaft ftatutes 
 of the law of this nation moft exactly abridged. 
 
 He had his firft breeding in his father's houfe, where a private tutor had 
 the care of him, until the tenth year of his age ; and in his eleventh year 
 was fent to the Univerfity of Oxford ; having at that time a good com- 
 mand both of the French and Latin Tongue. This, and fome other of his 
 remarkable abilities, made one then give this cenfure of him ; That this 
 
 I 2 age 
 
 ^ Fuller's Church Hiftory, B. x. p. iii. 
 
 ^ John Raftall, a celebrated printer, manied Elizabeth the filler of Sir Thomas Moor. Wil- 
 liam, their fon, was brought up to the bar, and was appointed one of the Julliccs of the King's 
 Bench in 1558. Upon the demife of Queen Mary, he fteadily adhered to his religion, left 
 England, and fpent the remainder of his days at Louvain. He publiflied the works of his un- 
 cle Sir Thomas Moor in one volume. He alfo formed a colledtion of and wrote a comment 
 on the ftatutes, and a very ufcful book entitled " Les Termes de la Ley," or " An explica- 
 tion of certain difficult and obfcure words and terms of the common laws and ftatutes of 
 this realm now inufe." The author of feveral trads againft Bifliop Jewell was John Raftall, 
 who left the Church of England, in which he had been ordained pricft, went to Rome, and 
 with this his kinfman was admitted into the fociety of Jefus.
 
 28 THE LIFE OF 
 
 age had brought forth another Picus Mirandula ''; of whom flory faya> 
 that he was ratlier born, than made wife by (ludy. 
 
 There he remauied fome years in Hart-Hall', having, for the advancement 
 of his ftudies, tutors of feveral fciences to attend and inftru«Sl him, till time 
 made him capable, and his learning, expreffed in public exercifes, declared 
 him worthy to receive his hril degree in the fchools, which he forbore by 
 advice from his friends, who being for their religion of the Romifli perfua- 
 fion, were confcionably averfe to fome parts of the oath that is always ten- 
 dered at thofe times, and not to be refufed by thofe that cxpcft the titulary 
 honour of their ftudies. 
 
 About the fourteenth year of his age, he was tranfplanted from Oxford 
 to Cambridge" ; where, that he might receive nourifhment from both foils, 
 he flayed till his feventeenth year ; all which time he was a moft laborious 
 
 ftudent, 
 
 '' Picus Prince of Mirandula, a duchy in Italy, now the property of the Dukes of Modena, 
 was born in 1463, and having refigned his fovereignty in favour of his nephew, he died in 
 1494. He is faid to have made fo wonderful a progrefs in (ludy, as to underftand twenty- 
 two languages at the age of eighteen years, and at the age of twenty-four years to difpute 
 with great fuccefs, de omni fcibili. " Picus Mirandula 32 xtatis anno quo obiit omni difci- 
 plinarum genere non modo tinftus, fed plane imbutus crat, ut Encyclopediam Scientiaruni 
 
 jure fibi vindicare potuerit, longiore vita plane digniffimusprinccps." ( Scaligerana. ) He 
 
 was honoured with this pompous Epitaph 
 
 " Hie fitus eft Picus Mirandula : cxtera norunt 
 " Et Tagus et Ganges, forfan et Antipodes." 
 
 On which it has been juflly remarked, that " his name, then celebrated in the remotefl cor- 
 " ners of the earth, is now almofl forgotten, and his works then Itudied, admired, aniap- 
 
 " plauded, are now mouldering in obfcurity." (Dr. fohnfoiUs works, vol. 2. p. 273.^ The 
 
 life of this prodigy of learning, written with great elegance of language by John Francis 
 Prince of Mirandula is iuferted in Bates's Vita feleHorum, i^c.p. 90. 
 
 ' " He continued for three years at Hart-Hall, which was fo called from Elias de Hertford, 
 who lived in the tenth year of Edward the firll. An. Dom. 1282. In 1312 it changed its 
 name to Stapledon Hall, but upon the fettlement of Exeter College it returned to its former 
 
 appellation." ( Le Neve.) In 1740 it was by a royal charter erefted into a college by the 
 
 name of " Hertford College in the Univerfity of Oxford," to confill of a principal, four fenior, 
 and eight junior Fellows. 
 
 " To Trinity College in Cambridge, where he was fellow pupil with Mr. Samuel Brookp. 
 who fucceeded Dr. Leonard Maw in the mallerlhip of that college.
 
 JDHN DONNE.: 29 
 
 ftudent, often changing his ftudies, but endeavouring to take no degree, for 
 the reafons formerly mentioned. 
 
 About the feventeenth year of his age, he was removed to London, and 
 then admitted into Lincoln's Inn, with an intent to ftudy the law ; where 
 he gave great teftimonies of his wit, his learning, and of his improvement 
 in that profeflion : which never ferved him for other ufe than an ornament 
 and felf-fatisfaftion. 
 
 His father died before his admifTion into the fociety ; and being a mer- 
 chant, left him his portion in money. (It was 3000I.) His mother and thofe 
 to whofe care he was committed, were watchful to improve his knowledge, 
 and to that end appointed him tutors both in the mathematics, and in ail the 
 other liberal fciences, to attend him. But v,-ith thefe arts they were advifed 
 to inftil into him particular principles of the- Romifh Church ; of which 
 thofe tutors profeft (though fecretly) themfelves to be members. 
 
 They had almoft obliged him to their faith ; having for their advantage, 
 befides many opportunities, the example of his dear and pious parents, 
 which was a moft powerful perfuafion, and did work much upon him, 
 as he profefTeth in his preface to his Pfeudo-Martyr' ; a book of which the 
 reader fhall have fome account in what follows. 
 
 He was now entered into the eighteenth year of his age ; and at that time 
 had betrothed himfelf to no religion that might give him any other deno- 
 mination than a Chriftian. And reafon, and piety had both perfuaded him, 
 that there could be no fuch fin as Schifm, if an adherence to fome vifible 
 church were not necefTary. 
 
 About the nineteenth year of his age ; he being then unrefolved what 
 religion to adhere to, and confidering how much it concerned his foul to 
 choofe the moft orthodox, did therefore (though his youth and health, 
 promifed him a long life), to redtify all fcruples that might concern that, 
 
 prefently 
 
 ' " I had alonger work to do than many other men : for I was firft to blot out certaine impref- 
 fions of the Romane reHgion and to wreftle both againft the examples and againft the reafons, . 
 by which fome hold was taken, and fome anticipations early layde upon my confcience, both 
 by perfons who by nature had a power and fuperiority over my will, and others who by their 
 learning and good life feemed to me juftly to claime an intereft for the guiding and rectifying 
 of mine underftanding in thefe matters." (Preface to the Pfeudc-martyr^ which is pronounced 
 by Mr. Granger to be the moll valuable of Donne's profe-writings.) 
 
 ( Bisgraphical Hijl. vi! t- p- 2S1-J
 
 ^o THE LIFE OF 
 
 .prefently lay afide all fludy of the law, and of all other fciences that might 
 give him a denomination ; and begun ferioufly to furvey and confider the 
 body of divinity"', as it was then controverted betwixt the reformed and 
 the Roman Church. And as God's bleffed fpirit did then awaken him to 
 the fearch, and in that induftry did never forfake him, (they be his own 
 words in his prefiice to Pfcudo-martyr) fo he calls the fame holy fpirit 
 to witnefs this proteftation ; that, in that difquifition and fearch, he pro- 
 ceeded with humility and diffidence in himfelf ; and, by that which he took 
 to be the fafeil way ; namely, frequent prayers, and an indifferent affection 
 to both parties : and indeed, truth had too much light about her to be 
 hid from fo fliarp an inquirer ; and, he had too much ingenuity, not to 
 acknowledge he had found her. 
 
 Being to imdertake this fearch, he believed the Cardinal Bellarmine" to 
 be the bcft defender of the Roman caufe, and therefore betook himfelf to 
 the examination of his reafons. The caufe was weighty : and wilful de- 
 lays had been inexcufable both towards God and his own confcience ; he 
 
 therefore 
 
 ■ " The principal heads of this controverfy have been difcufled with great ability and candour 
 by the mod eminent divines of our church, and particularly by thofe of them, who lived 
 in the reign of James II. Mr. Pope, in a letter to Bifhop Atterbury, tells his Lordfliip, that 
 when he was fourteen years old, he read the controverfies between the two churches. He 
 adds, " and the confequence was, I found myfelf a Papifl: and a Proteftant by turns, accord- 
 ing to the lafl book I read." This, as the writer of his life obferves, is an admirable defcrip- 
 tion of every reader bufied in religious controverfy, without pofleffing the principles on which 
 a right judgment of the points in qucflion is to be regulated. — If Mr. Pope had purfued this 
 inquiry with the fame preparatory knowledge, with the fame humble diffidence that attended 
 Dr. Donne, it is reafonable to think that the rcfult of his refearches would have been different 
 from what he has reprefented it. 
 
 ° Robert Bellarmine, raifed to the purple in 1599 by Pope Clement VIII. was born in 1542, 
 
 and died at Rome in 1621. He was eltcemed by the Jefuits as the brighteft ornament of 
 
 their order, and the Proteftant writers have always confidered him as the moft learned advo- 
 
 cateof the church of Rome. His great work has been called *' Opus abfolutiffmium, quod 
 
 controverfiarum ferme omnium corpus dici queat." The following eulogium is prefixed to a 
 
 print of him by Bolfwert. *' Robertas Bi'llaniiitius FoWthmis Societatis jifu nnimi fubmiffione 
 
 quam purpura major : nee pio mir)us quam dofto in haerefes controverfiarum calamo orbi 
 
 '^^ -itiffimus : virtutum ut amator ita cultor omnium. Quam a Metre Virgine carnem acce- 
 
 «< HI. % quam a facro lavacro innocentiam Deo reddidit : nullius fibi vita omni mendacii con- 
 
 c -leta- cvijus etiam medicam manum in vario morborum genere expert! non pauci. Vivere 
 
 a fcix^^ • ') ^'^^° inceplt anno MDCXXI. xtatis fux LXXIX. 
 
 i
 
 JOHN DONNE. 31 
 
 therefore proceeded in this fearch with all moderate liafle, and about the 
 twentieth year of his age, did fhew the then Dean of Gloucefter" (whofe 
 name my memory hath now loft) all the Cardinal's works marked with- 
 many weighty obfervations under his own hand ; which works were be- 
 queathed by him at his death as a legacy to a moft dear friend. 
 
 About a year following he refolved to travel ; and the Earl of EfTex go- 
 ing firft the Cales, and after the Ifland voyages, the firft anno 1596, the 
 fecond 1597, ^^ ^*^°^ ^^^^ advantage of thofe opportunities, waited upon his 
 Lordiliip, and was an eye-witnefs of thofe happy and unhappy employ- 
 ments". But he returned not back into England, till he had ftaid fome years 
 firft. in Italy, and then in Spain, where he made many ufeful obfervations- 
 of thofe countries, their laws and manner of government, and returned 
 perfeft in their languages. 
 
 The time that he fpent in Spain was, at his firft going into Italy, defigned 
 for travelling to the holy land, and for viewing. Jerufalem and ihe SepuK 
 chre of our Saviour. But at his being in the furtheft parts of Italy, the 
 difappointment of company, or of a fate convoy, or the uncertainty of re- 
 turns of money into thofe remote parts, denied him that happinefs ; which 
 he did often occafionally mention with a deploration. 
 
 Not long after his return into England, that exemplary pattern of gravity 
 and wifdom, the Lord Elfemore% then keeper of the gieat feal, and Lord 
 
 Chancellor 
 
 " Dr. Anthony Rudd, born in Yorkfliire, and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. He 
 died liiftiop of St. David's in 1614. Of liis fermon preached in 1596 before Queen Elizabeth, 
 fromPf. xc. 12, in which by perfonally alluding to her advanced years, and plainly telling 
 her Majefty, that " age had furrowed her face, and befprinkled her hair with its meal," h& 
 incurred her heavy difpleafure." (See Fuller'' s Ch. Hijlory, B. X. Cent. xvii./-. 69.) 
 
 P Of this expedition in 1596, in which Cadiz was taken from the Spaniards, a narrative 
 VTitten by the Earl of Eflex is inferted in Cambden's Annals of England, &c. 
 
 " Sir Thomas Egerton, Knight, a native of Chefliire, the founder of the houfe of Eger- 
 ton. In confideration of his fmgular merits he had the care of the Great: Seal committed to 
 him. May 6, 1596, under the title of Lord Keeper, and by King James I. he was created 
 Bdroii ot Ellefmore, and conftituted Lord Chancellor of England. His literary character 
 js.pourirayed in the following letter written by Sir Francis Bacon, when he prcfented him 
 with a. copy of " The Advancement of Learning." 
 
 «* May
 
 ^3 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Chancellor of England, taking notice of his learning, languages, and other 
 abilities, and much affcdting his perfon and behaviour, took him to be his 
 chief Sccittary ; fuppofmg and intending it to be an introdudtion to fome 
 
 more 
 
 " Maj' it pleafe your good Lordfhip, 
 
 " I humbly prefent your lordiliip with a work, wherein as you have mucli commandment 
 
 " over the author, fo your Lordfliip hath great intereft in the argument : for, to fpeak with- 
 
 •' out flattery, few have like ufe of learning or like judgment in learning, as I have obferved 
 
 " in your Lordfliip. And again ypur LordOup hath been a great planter of learning, not only 
 
 " in thofe places in the church, which have been in your own gift, but alfo in your com- 
 
 " mcndatory vote no man hath more conflantly held " detur digniori" ; and therefore both 
 
 " your Lordfliip is beholden to learning, and learning beholden to you; Mhich maketh me 
 
 ** pvefume, with good alVurance, that your Lordfhip will accept well of thefe my labours, 
 
 " the rather becaufe your Lordfliip in private fpeech hath often begun to me in exprefTmg 
 
 ** your admiration of his Majefty's learning, to whom I have dedicated this work; and whofe 
 
 *' virtue and perfedion in that kind did chiefly move me to a vfork of this nature. And fo 
 
 *' with fignification of my mofl humble duty and afl^edion to your Lonlfliip, 
 
 " I remain." 
 
 1605. . (Bacoti's JfoiiSf vol. III. p. 229.) 
 
 This excellent perfon died at the age of feventy years, March 15, 1616-17, having on the 
 third of that month refigned the Great Seal, which on the feventh was given to Sir Francis 
 Bacon. " It was faid of Bankes the Attorney (General) that he exceeded Bacon in eloquence, 
 '•< Chancellor Elleftiicre in judgment, and William Noy in law." 
 
 (Lord Straffbrde's Letters, vol. L p. 427.) 
 
 " TO THE LORD CHANCELLOR. 
 
 " Whilft thy weigh'd judgments, Egerton, I hear, 
 
 " And know thee then a judge not of one year, 
 
 " Whilfl I behold thee live with pureft hands, 
 
 " That no affedion in thy voice commands, 
 
 " That flill thou'rt prefent to the better caufe 
 
 " And no lefs wife than ikilful in the laws, 
 
 •' Whilft thou art certain to thy words once gone, 
 
 " As is thy confcience, .which is always one : 
 
 " The virgin long fince fled from earth I fee 
 
 " T' our times rcturn'd hath made her heaven in thee. (Ben Jonfon.) 
 
 Lloyd in his State Worthies, p. 756, obferves, that " Chriftendom afforded not a perfon 
 
 *' which carried more gravity in his countenance and behaviour, than Sir Thomas Egertoji, 
 
 ** infomuch that jnany have gone to the Chancery on purpofe only to fee his venerable garb, 
 
 • *' (happy they who had no other bufinefs) and were highly pleafed at fo acceptable a pidture."
 
 JOHN DdNNE.. 33 
 
 more weighty employment in the State ; for which, his Lordfhip did often 
 proteft, he thought him very lit. . 
 
 Nor did his Lordfliip in this time of Mafter Donne's attendance upon 
 him, account him to be lo much his fervant, as to forget he was his friend; 
 and to teftify it, did always ufe him with much courtefy, appointing hr.n 
 a place at his own table, to which he efteemed his company and difcourfo 
 to be a great ornament. 
 
 He continued that employment for the fpace of five years, being daily 
 ufefiil, and not mercenary to his friends. During which time he (I dare 
 not fay unhappily )fell into fuch a liking, as (with her approbation) ingreafed . 
 into a love with a young gentlewoman th^t lived in that family, who was 
 niece to the Lady Rlfemore'', and daughter to Sir George Moor% then 
 Chancellor of the Garter and Lieutenant of the Tower. 
 
 Sir George had fome intimation of it, and knowing prevention to be a 
 great part of wifdom, did therefore remove her with much haile from that 
 to his own houfc at Lothcfley, in the county of Surry ; but too late, by rea- 
 fon of fome faithful promifes which were fo interchangeably pafled, as ne- 
 ver to be violated by either party. 
 
 Thcfe promifes were only known to themfelves ; and the friends of 
 both parties ufed much diligence, and many ;trguments to kill or cool their 
 affe(ftions to each other: but in vain; for love is a flattering mifchief, 
 that hath denied aged and wife men a forefight of thofe evils that too often 
 prove to be the children of that blind father, a pafTion that carries us to 
 commit errors with as much eafe as whirlwinds remove feathers, and begets 
 in us an unwearied induftry to the attainment of what we defire. And 
 fuch an induftry did, notwithftanding much watchfulnefs againft it, bring 
 them fecrctly together (I forbear to tell the manner how), and at laft to a 
 marriage too, without the allowance of thofe friends, whofe approbation 
 
 K always 
 
 ' Sifter to Sir George Moor of Loxly-Farm, in the county of S\irry, Knight, and widow 
 of Sir Jolin Woolcy, of Pirford in Surry, Knight, and mother of that Sir Francis Wooley, 
 ^vho kindly took Dr. Donne and his wife under his protection. 
 
 • This gentleman was Treafurer or Receiver General of the revenues of Henry Prince of 
 Wales in 1604. In 1610 he was made Chancellor of the Order of the Garter, and in 1615 
 lieutenant of the Tower. ( See JVctd's A, 0. vcl. I. page 432.)
 
 34 THE LIFE OF 
 
 always ivas, and ever will be ncccflary, to make even a virtuous love be- 
 come lawful. 
 
 And that the knowledge of their marriage might not flill, like an unex- 
 pedlcd tempeft, on thofe that were unwilling to have it {o ; and that pre- 
 iipprehenfions might make it the k'fs enormous, when it was known, it 
 was purpofcly whilpered into the ears of many that it was fo, yet by none 
 that could aflirm it. But to put a period to the jealoufies of Sir George 
 (doubt often begetting more reftlefs thoughts then the certain knowledge 
 of what we fear), the news was, in favour to Mr. Donne, and with his al- 
 lowance, made known to Sir George, by his honourable friend and neigh- 
 bour, Henry Earl of Northumberland ' : But it was to Sir George fo im- 
 meafurably unwelcome, and fo tranfported him, that as though his paffion 
 of anger and inconfideration might exceed theirs of love and error, he pre- 
 fently engaged his fifter the Lady Elfemore, to join with him to pro- 
 cure her Lord to difcharge Mr. Donne of the place he held under his 
 Lorddiip. — This requeft was followed with violence ; and though Sir 
 George were remembered, that errors might be overpunifhed, aud defired 
 therefore to forbear till fecond conliderations might clear fome fcruples, 
 yet he became reftlefs until his fuit was granted, and the punifliment ex- 
 ecuted. And though the Lord Chancellor did not at Mr. Donne's dif- 
 miflion give him fuch a commendation, as the great Emperor Charles the 
 Fifth did of his Secretary Erafo% when he prefented him to his fon and 
 
 fucceffor 
 
 ' Henry Percy, tlie ninth Earl of Northumberland of that name; " a learned man himfelf 
 " and the generous favourer of all good learning," as he is called by Anthony Wood. This 
 nobleman, upon the marriage of his youngefl daughter Lady Lucy Percy, a lady of the moft 
 diftinguilhed wit and beauty, with the Lord Haye, afterward created Vifcount Doncafter 
 and Earl of Carliile, dilcovcred the fame harfli'nefs of difpofition, which he probably cenfured 
 in the father-in-law of Dr. Donne. The treatment which he received from James L to whom 
 he always Ihewed the mofl faithful attachment, affords one among irtany inftances of the in- 
 jufliee of that monarch, who fined this nobleman 30,0001. and " imprifoned him in the 
 " Tower from 1605 to 1619 upon a mere fufpicion, without the leafl proof of his having had 
 " knowledge of the powder-plot, as Cecyll himfelf confefled iq a letter to Sir Thomas Ed- 
 " mun^, dated Dec. 2. 1605." (Birch's View of the Negocintioi7s,isfc. />. 245.) 
 
 " On the i6th of January 1556, his Majcfty paffed the att " of the Renunciation of the 
 " Cro\vn of Spain and all its dominions to his fon Philip in the prefence of Francis de Eraflb 
 
 " his
 
 JOHN DONNE. 3- 
 
 Iticceflbr Philip the Second, faying, " That in liis Erafo, he gave to him a 
 " greater gift tlian all his eftate, and all the kingdoms which he then re- 
 " figned to him ;" yet the Lord Chancellor faid, " He parted with a 
 " friend and fuch a fecretary as was filter to ferve a king than a fubje£t." 
 Immediately after his difmiflion from his fervice, he fent a fad letter to 
 his wife, to acquaint her with it ; and, after the fubfcription of his name, 
 writ, 
 
 JOHN DONNE, ANNE DONNE, UN-DONE; 
 
 And God knows it proved too true: For this bitter phyfic of Mr. Donne's 
 difmiflion was not ftrong enough to purge out all Sir George's choler, for 
 he was not fatisfied till Mr. Donne and his fometime compupil in Cam- 
 bridge that married him, namely, Samuel Brook" (who was after Doctor 
 
 K 2 in 
 
 " his Secretary and all the Spaniards then at Bruflels." ( Stevens'' sTraiiJlat'wn of the Hijlory of 
 Charles V. lurittett iti Spa/.'/f) by Di F. Prudencia de Sandoval, Bifhop of Pamplona, i^c. p. 453.) 
 It was probably at this very time that the Emperor recommended this faithful fecretary to his 
 fon. 
 
 * Samuel Brook, defcended from a refpe£lable family at York, was the fon of Robert 
 Brook, an eminent merchant, and Lord Mayor of that city in 1582 and in 1595. He was ad- 
 mitted of TrinityCollege in Cambridge in 1596; and on September 26, i6i2, being then 
 Chaplain to Prince Henry, he was chofen Divinity Profeffor in Grefliam College, on the re- 
 commendation of that Prince, whofe unhappy -death followed, Nov. 6th cnfuing. In 1613 he 
 was elefted one of the twelve preachers of the LTniverfity, and the year following he wrote 
 a Latin paftoral, which was a6tcd with applaufe before King James in Trinity College Hall, 
 on Friday, March 10. Copies of this performance are yet extant with this title, " Melanthe, 
 " Fabula paftoralia, afta cum Jacobus, Magnx Brit. Franc, et Hibernire Rex, Cantabrigiam 
 " fuam nuper inviferat, ibidemq 5 mufarum atque animi gratia dies qujnque commoraretur. 
 " Egerunt Alumni Coll. San. et individuce Trinitatis-Cantabrigix. Excudebat Cantrellus 
 " Legge, Mart. 27, 161 5." In 1630 he is faid to have compofed an Arminian Trcatife of Pre- 
 deftination, with which he acquainted Bifhop Laud, who encouraged him in the work, re- 
 commending it to the revifal of Dr. Lindfey and Dr. Beale, two great Arminians, and p; ..mi- 
 fmg to perufe it himfelf, as appears by fundry letters. (Pryne's Canterbury's Doom, p. 167.) 
 Of this traft Mr. Horfey, in the funeral oration delivered in Trinity College Chapi.1, thus 
 fpeaks, 'i Nee ilium prxtereo foetum nuperrime formatum " de magna et fecreto Pntdejuna- 
 " tionis Myferio Difputationes." Quanti nobis eflet a Tineis et Latebris redimere has pretiofas 
 " chartas, ut typis fidcliter excufx in manus omnium pervenirent." In 1615 he was created 
 D. D. and in 1618 was promoted to the Re(!a;ory of tjt. Margaret's, Lothbury, in London. He 
 
 refigned
 
 30 • ' THE LIFE OF 
 
 in Divinity, and Maflcr of Trinity College) and his brother Mr. Chrlfto- 
 pher Brook", fomctime Mr. Donne's Chamber-fellow in Lincoln's-Inn, 
 who gave Mr. Donne his wife, and witncfled the marriage, were all com- 
 mitted to three feveral prifons. 
 
 Mr. Donne was firft enlarged, who neither gave reft to his body or brain, 
 nor to any friend in whom he might hope to have an intereft, until he had 
 procured an enlargement for his two imprifoned friends. 
 
 He was now at liberty, but his days were ftill cloudy ; and being paft 
 thefe troubles, others did ftill multiply upon him, for his wife was (to her 
 extreme forrow) detained from him ; and though with Jacob he endured 
 not an hard fervice for her, yet he loft a good one, and was forced to make 
 good his title, and to get pofleffion of her by a long an^ reftlefs fuit in 
 law, which proved troublcfome and fadly chargeable to him, v^d■lofe youth, 
 travel, and needlefs bounty had brought his eftate into a narrow compafs. 
 
 It is obferved, and moft trsly, that filence and lubmiflion are charming 
 qualities, and work moft upon paflionate men: and it proved fo with Sir 
 George; for thefe,and a general report of Mr. Donne's merits, together with 
 his winning behaviour (which when it would entice had a ftrange kind 
 of elegant irrefiftible art), thefe and time had fo difpaflionated Sir George, 
 that as the world had approved his daughter's choice, fo he a.lfo could not 
 
 but 
 
 refigned his Profenbrfliip of Grefliam College in 1629, upon his appointment to the Mnfter- 
 fliip of Trinity College in Cambriilgc, vacated by the death of Dr. Leonard Maw, Bifliop of 
 Bath and Wells. In 163 1 he was made Archdeacon of Wells, and in that year he died ; and 
 was buried in Trinity College Chapel, without either monument or epitaph. He is defcribed 
 ns a man of wit and learning. And Rlr. Ilorfey commends him for his " concionandi copia." 
 Of his writings there is extant only one difcourfe, from the title of which we may form an 
 idea of the nature of the queftions, -which were then ufually difcufTed in the divinity fchools. 
 " De auxilio divinse gratix exercitatio theologica, nimirum, an poflibile (it duos eandem 
 "habere gratix menfuram, et tamen unus convertatur et credat, alter non : e Johan. xi. 
 " 45, 46." (Ward's Piofejfors of Grejham College.) 
 
 y A Bencher and Summer Reader at Lincoln's Inn, to the chapel of which he was a bene- 
 faftor. He is much commended as a poet by Ben Jonfon, Drayton, and others of his co- 
 temporaries. He VTOte an elegy, confecrated to the never dying memory of Henry Prince of 
 Wales, I^ondon 1613, 4to. He alfo publifhed Eclogues dedicated to his much loved fricnel 
 INIr. William Brown of the Inner Temple, London, 1614, 8vo. To this gentleman Dr. 
 Donne hath infcribed two poems, ".The Storme" and " The Calme."
 
 JOHN DONNE. 37 
 
 but fee a more than ordinary merit in his new fon; and this at lail melted 
 him into fo much remorfe (for love and anger are fo like agues, as to have hot 
 and cold fits; and love in parents, though it may be quenched, yet is eafily 
 rekindled, and expires not till death denies mankind a natural heat), that 
 he laboured his fon's reftoration to his place ; ufmg to that end, both his 
 own and his filler's power to her Lord, but with no fuccefs, for his an- 
 fwer was, " That though he was unfeignedly forry for what he had done, 
 " yet it was inconfiftent with his place and credit to difchargc and readmit 
 " fervants at the requell of paflionate petitioners.'' 
 
 Sir George's endeavour for Mr. Donne's readmiffion was by all means 
 to be kept fccret: — (For men do more naturally reludl for errors, than fubmit 
 to put on thofe blemifhcs that attend their vifible acknowledgment) — But 
 however it v/as not long before Sir George appeared to be fo far recon- 
 ciled as to wifli their happinefs, and not to deny them his paternal blef- 
 fmg, but yet refufed to contribute any means that might conduce to their 
 livelihood. 
 
 Mr. Donne's eftate was the greateft part fpent in many chargeable tra- 
 vels, books, and dear-bought experience : He out of all employment that 
 might yield a fupport for himfelf and wife, who had been curioufly and 
 plentifully educated, both their natures generous, and accuftomed to con- 
 fer, and not to receive courtefies : Thefe and other confiderations, but 
 chiefly that his wife was to bear a part in his fufferings, furrounded him 
 with many fad thoughts, and fome apparent apprehenfions of want. • 
 
 But his forrows were lefTened and his wants prevented by the feafonable 
 courtefy of their noble kinfman, Sir Francis Wolly of Pirford in Surry% 
 who inireated them to a cohabitation with him, where they remained with 
 much freedom to themfelves, and equal content to him for fome years ; 
 and, as their charge increafed (fhe had yearly a child), fo did his love and 
 bounty. 
 
 It hath been obferved by wife and confidering men, that wealth 
 hath feldom been the portion, and never the mark to difcover good 
 
 peo- 
 
 * The fon of Sir John Wooley, Knight, Latin Secretary to Queen Elizabeth, who, though 
 a layman, was promoted to the Deanery of Carlifle on the death of Sir Thomas Smith. He 
 was knighted fome time after his advancement to that dignity. He caufed a monument to 
 
 be
 
 38 THE LIFE OF 
 
 people' ; but, that Almighty God, who difpofeth all things wifely, hath of his 
 abundant goodnefs denied it (he only knows why) to many, whole minds 
 he hath enriched with the greater bleffings of knowledge and virtue", as the 
 fairer tefiimonies of his love to mankind ; and this was the prefent con- 
 dition of this man of fo excellent erudition and endowments, whole ne- 
 celTary and daily expences were hardly reconcileable with his uncertain and 
 narrow eftate; which I mention, for that at this time there was a moft 
 generous offer made him for the moderating of his worldly cares, the de- 
 claration of which fhall be the next employment of my pen. 
 
 God hath been fo good to. his church, as to afford it in every age fome 
 fuch men to ferve at his altar as have been pioufly ambitious of doing 
 good to mankind ; a difpofition that is fo like to God himfelf, that it owes 
 itfelf only to him, who takes a pleafure to behold it in his creatures. Thefe 
 times (anno 1608"), he did blcfs with many fuch, fome of which live to be 
 patterns of apoftolical charity, and of more than human patience. I have 
 faid this, becaufe I have occafion to mention one of them in my follow- 
 ing difcourfe ; namely, Dr. Morton, the moft laborious and learned Bifhop 
 of Durham ; one that God hath bleffed with perfe£l intelledtuals and a 
 
 cheerful 
 
 be erefted to himfelf and his parents in the cathedral cliurch of St. Paul's. He is there re- 
 prefcnted as fitting between his father and mother. The infeription begins 
 
 " D. O. M. 
 " Joannes Wolleius, eques auratus, Reginrc Elizabeths a Secretioribus Confiliis, Sccretarius 
 *' Linguve Latina:, Cancellarius Ordlnis Perifcelidis, Dodlrina, Pietate, Fide, Probitate, Gra- 
 " vitate clariflimus. 
 \ ". Obiit anno 1595." 
 
 Then follow twenty-four Latin hexameter verfes, in which are contained the hiftory and cha- 
 raftor of Sir John Wooley, Elizabeth his wife, afterwards Lady Elfcmore, and Sir Francis 
 Wooley their fon. (Dugdale's HiJJory of Si. Paul's.) 
 
 * " I returned and faw under the fun, that the race is not to the fwift, nor the battle to 
 the flrong ; neither yet bread to the wife, nor yet riches to men of underlla?tdi?tg." Ecclef. ix. II. 
 
 •> According to the Greek Poet,
 
 JOHN DONNE. 39 
 
 cheerful heart at tlie age of 94 years (and is yet living'); one, that la his 
 days of plwity had fo large a heart as to ufe his large reveuue to the en- 
 couragement of learning and virtue, and is now (be it fpoken with for- 
 row) reduced to a narrow ftate, which he embraces without repining, and 
 ftill fliews the beauty of his mind by fo liberal a hand, as if this were an 
 age in which to-morrow were to care for itfelf. I have taken a pleafuie in 
 giving the reader a fhort but true charadter of this good man, my friend, 
 from whom I received this following relation. — He fent to Mr. Donne, 
 and intrcated to borrow an hour of his time for a conference the next 
 day. After their meeting, there was not many minutes pafled before he 
 fpake to Mr. Donne to this purpofe. " Mr. Donne, the occafion of fend- 
 " ing for you is to propofe to you, what I have often revolved in my own 
 *' thought fmce I lail fiiw you, which neverthelefs I will not declare but 
 
 " upon 
 
 ' " The learned, pious, and painful Bifhop of Durham (Morton) hath fought in front 
 •' agninft Roman fuperRition and idolatry." (Sir Edivard Deerhig's Speech agahijl the Remon- 
 
 Jltants.) This learned and charitable prelate, as Ifaac Walton fome where calls him, not more 
 
 diilinguilhed by the fplendor of his parentage, than by his habitual temperance and diligence 
 in ftudy, died Sept. 22, 1659, in the 95th year of his age, after having received the molt in- 
 jurious treatment from the Parliament. No apology is ncceflary for the inlertion of the fol- 
 lowing affecting Itory concerning him. " Having fulFered imprifonment at different times, 
 and undergone many hardfliips, he was expelled from Durham-houfe. Wandering from 
 place to place, he at lafl: went to London with about fixty pounds — (which it feems was then his 
 all); — he was overtaken on the road by Sir Chriflopher Yelverton, who being known to the 
 Bifhop was unknown to him ; and in difcourfe afking the old gentleman, " What he was," 
 the good Bifiiop replied, " I am that old man, the Bifhop of Durham, notwithllanding all 
 " your votes :" For Sir Chriftopher was not free from the ftain of the times. Whereupon 
 Sir Chriftopher demanded where he was going : " To London," replied the old gentleman ; 
 " to live a little while and then die." On this Sir Chriftopher entered into further difcourfe 
 with him, took him home with him into Northamptonfliire, where he became tutor to that 
 fon of his, which was afterwards the incomparably learned Sir Henry Yelverton, and pre- 
 faced this mod excellent Bifhop's little piece of Epifcopacy." (Wallier''s Sufferings of the 
 
 Clergy, p. 18.) " He was," fays his excellent pupil, " an ancient Bifliop, and had all the 
 
 qualifications fit for his order, either to adorn or govern a church ; but above all he was 
 eminent for his invincible patience under fo many violent perfecutions and almoft neceflities, 
 always rejoicing in his lofles, and protefting that he thought himfelf richer with nothing and 
 a good confcience, than thofe were who had devoured Ms goodly bifhonric. He was forty- 
 four years a bifliop, a thing fo extraordinary, that but one exceeded him in this ifland." (Sir H. 
 I'ehcrtoi^s Preface to ETr.crxoTrs; *7r3r<>?n«;, or the Epifcopacy of the Church of England jufllfitd. )
 
 40 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " upon this condition, that you Ihali not return mc a prefent anfvver, but 
 " forbear three days, and beftow fome part of that time in farting and prayer", 
 " and after a ferious confideration of what I fhal! propofe, then return 
 " to me with your aniwer. Deny me not, Mr. Donne, for it is the effcdl 
 " of a true love, which I would gladly pay as a debt due for yours to 
 *• me.'' 
 
 This requcrt: being granted, the Doftor exprelTed himfelf thus : — " Mr. 
 " Donne, I know your education and abilities ; 1 know your expedation 
 " of a ftate- employment, and I know your htnefs for it^ and 1 know too 
 " the many delays and contingencies that- attend court-promifes ; and let 
 " me tell you, that my love, begot by our long fricndlhip and your merits, 
 " hath prompted me to fuch an inquifition after your prefent temporal ellatc, 
 " as makes me no ftranger to your neceffities, which I know to be fuch as 
 " your generous fpirit could not bear, if it were not fupported with a pious 
 " patience : You know I have formerly perfuaded you to wave your court- 
 " hopes, and enter into holy orders; which I now again perfuade you to 
 " embrace, with this reafon added to my former requeft: The King hath 
 " yefterday* made me Dean of Gloucefter, and I am alfo poffefled of a be- 
 *' nefice, the profits of which are equal to thofe of my Deanery ; I will 
 
 " think 
 
 '' The condition required by Dr. Morton of Mr. Donne, that he (hould not give an anfwer 
 to the Doctor's propofal, until he had parted three days in fading and prayer, deferves notice, 
 as marking the high devotional fpirit of the times : For it is to be remembered that this was 
 not the propofition of an enthufiaftic puritan, but of a- very eminent and refpe£table divine 
 of the Church of England. If our anceftors carried matters of this nature too far (which 
 there is no reafon to think they did), their fucceflbrs have run into the contrary extreme. A 
 principle of piety exercifed in referring our concerns to the providential direcftion of the 
 Supreme Beinj;, would be no bar to the wifdom, ability, and fuccefs of our lawful under- 
 - takings. This fciniment, that prayer and labour fliould co-operate, is cxprefTed by Donne 
 himfelf, m one of his poems, though with no elegance of language. 
 
 " In none but us are fuch mixt engines fownd, 
 
 " As hands of douWe office ; for the ground 
 
 " We till with them, and them to heaven we raife; 
 
 •• Who prayerlefs labours or without this prays, 
 
 " Doth but one half— that's none." (Biogr. Brit. zu. Edit.) 
 
 ' He was prcfented by the King to the Deanery of Gloucefter, June 22, 1607, through 
 th« recommendation of Archbilhop Bancroft:
 
 JOHN DONNE. 41 
 
 " think my Deanery enough for my maintenance (who am and refolve to 
 " die a fmgleman) and will quit my benefice, and cftate you in it (which the 
 *' patron is willing I fliall do), if God fliall incline your heart to embrace 
 " this motion. Remember, Mr. Donne, no man's education or parta 
 " make him too good for this employment, nvhich is to be an Ambajfador 
 ''''for the God of glory ; that God^ ivho, by a vile deaths opened the gates of life 
 *' to mankind. Make me no prefcnt anfwer, but remember your promife, 
 *' and return to me the third day with your refolution." 
 
 At the hearing of this, Mr. Donne's faint breath and perplexed counte- 
 nance gave a vifible teftimony of an inward conflidt, but he performed his 
 promife, and departed without returning an anfwer till the third day, and- 
 tlien his anfwer was to this effeft : 
 
 " My moft worthy and moft dear friend, fmce I faw you I have been 
 " faithful to my promife, and have alfo meditated much of your great 
 " klnduefs, which hath been fuch as would exceed even my gratitude, but 
 " that it cannot do, and more I cannot return you ; and I do that with an 
 " heart full of humility and thanks, though I may not accept of your 
 " offer: But, Sir, my refufal is not for that I think myfelf too good for 
 " that calling, for which kings, if they think fo, are not good enough j 
 " nor for that my education and learning, though not eminent, may not, 
 " being affifted with God's grace and humility,, render me in fomc mea- 
 " fure fit for it ; but I dare make fo dear a friend as you are my con- 
 " feffor ; fome irregularities of my life have been fo vilible to fome men, 
 *' that though 1 have, I thank God, made my peace with him by penitential 
 " refolutions againft them, and by the afllftance of his grace banillied them 
 " my affeftions; yet this, which God knows to be fo, is not fo vlfible to man,. 
 " as to free me from their cenfures, and it may be that facred calling from. 
 " a difllonour^ And befides, whereas it is determined by the beft of Ca- 
 *' fuifts, that God's glory fhould be the firfl end, and a 7naintenance the fecond 
 " motive to embrace that calling, and though each man may propofe to 
 
 L " himfelf 
 
 •■ There is not the lead reafon to fuppofe that Mr. Donne ever clifgraced his charader by 
 any aft of immorality. He probably mixed more in the world than he thought confident 
 ■with the profeffion of a clergyman: He had not given that valediction to the pleafures and 
 araufements of life, which he deemed rcquifite. When he devoted his time to the iludy of 
 poetry, he chofe fubjefts for his pen, which at a later period of life r.ppearcd to him too 
 trifling and ludicrous.
 
 4-2 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " himfclf both together, yet the firft may not be put lafl; without a viola- 
 " tion of conlciencc, which he that fearches the heart will judge. And 
 " truly my prcfcnt condition is fuch, that if I afk my own confciencc whether 
 " it be rcconcileable to that rule, it is at this time fo perplexed about it, 
 " that I can neither give myfelf nor you an anfwer. You know, Sir, who 
 " fays, Happy is that man ivhofe coiifdence doth not accufe him for that thing 
 " which be docs~\ To thefe I might add other reafons that dilTuade me ; 
 " but I crave your favour that I may forbear to exprefs them, and tliank- 
 . " fully xlecline your offer." 
 
 This was his prefent refolution ; l)ut the heart of man is not in his own 
 keeping, and he was deftined to this facred fervice by a higher hand; a 
 hand fo powerful, as at lafl forced him to a compliance : of which I fhall 
 give the reader an account before I fhall give a refl to my pen. 
 
 Mr. Donne and his wife continued with Sir Francis Wolly till his death; 
 a little before which time, Sir Francis w^as fo happy as to make a perfeift 
 reconciliation betwixt Sir George and his forfaken fon and daughter ; Sir 
 George conditioning by bond to pay to Mr. Donne 800I. at a certain day, as 
 a portion with his wife, or 20I. quarterly for their maintenance, as the in- 
 terefl: for it till the fliid portion was paid. 
 
 Moft of thofe years that he lived with Sir Francis, he fhidicd the Civil 
 and Canon Laws; in which he acquired fuch a perfedtion, as was judged 
 to hold proportion with many who had made that fludy the employment 
 of their whole life. 
 
 Sir Francis being dead, and that happy family difiblved, Mr. Donne took 
 for himfelf a houfe in Micham (near to Croydon in Surrey), a place noted 
 for good air, and choice company : There his wife and children remained; 
 and for himfelf he took lodgings in London, near to White-Hall, whither 
 his friends and occafions drew him very often, and where he was as often 
 vifited by many of the nobility and others of this nation, who ufed him in 
 their councils of greateft confideration, and with fome rewards for his bet- 
 ter fubfiftence. Nor did our own nobility only value and favour him, but 
 his acquaintance and friendfhip was fought for by mofl AmbafTadors of 
 foreign nations, and by many other ftrangers whofe learning or bufmefs 
 occafioned their flay in this nation. 
 
 He 
 
 <* " Happy is he that condemneth not himfelf in that which he doeth." Rom. xlv. 22.
 
 JOHN DONNE. 4.3 
 
 He was much importuned by many friends to make his couftant refi- 
 dence in London, but he ftill denied it, having fettled his dear wife and 
 children at Micham, and near fome friends that were^bountiful to them and 
 him ; for they, God knows, needed it : And that you may the better now 
 judge of the then prefent condition of his mind and fortune, I fhall pre- 
 fent you with an extradl colledcd out of fome few of his many letters. . 
 
 " And the reafon why I did not fend an anfwer to your laft week's • 
 
 " letter was, becaufe it then found me under too great a fadnefs, and at 
 " prefent it is thus with me. There is not one perfon but myfelf well of 
 " my family ; I have already loft half a child, and with that mifchance of 
 " hers, my wife is fallen into fuch a difcompofure, as would afflidl her too 
 " extremely, but that the ficknefs of all her other children ftupifies her; 
 " of one of which, in good faith, I have not much hope ; and thefe meet 
 " with a fortune fo ill provided for phyfic, and fuch relief, that if God 
 " fliould eafe us with burials, I know not how to perform even that ; but 
 "• I flatter myfelf with this hope, that I am dying too, for I cannot wafte 
 
 "■ fafter than by fuch griefs. As for 
 
 " From my hofpital at Micham, 
 '°" " JOHN DONNE." 
 
 Thus did he bemoan himfelf : And thus in other letters. 
 
 " For we hardly difcover a fin, when it is but an omiffion of fome 
 
 " good, and no accufing a<3: : With this or the former, I have often fuf- 
 " pedled myfelf to be overtaken ; which is, with an over-earneft defire of 
 " the next life. And though I know it is not merely a wearinefs of this ; 
 " becaufe I had the fame defire when I went with the tide, and enjoyed 
 " fairer hopes than I now do ; yet I doubt worldly troubles have increafed 
 " it. It is now fpring, and all the pleafures of it difpleafe me ; every 
 " other tree blolToms, and I wither: I grow older and not better; my 
 " ftrength diminifheth and my load grows heavier, and yet I would fain 
 " be or do fomething, but that I cannot teU what, is no wonder in this 
 *' time of my fidnefs : For to choofe is to do, but to be no part of any 
 " body is as to be nothing ; and fo I am, and fhall fo judge myfelf, unlefs I 
 **• could be fo incorporated into a part of the worlds as by bufinefs to con- 
 
 L 2 " tribute
 
 44 THE LIFE OF 
 
 *' tribute fonic fullcntatioa to the whole. I'his I mailo accouiit; I began 
 *' early, when i imJcrftood the (ludy of our laws ; but was diverted by 
 " leaving that and embracing the word voluptuoufnefs, an hydroptiquc 
 " immoderate de/ire of hmnan learning and languages^ : Beautiful ornaments 
 " indeed to men of great fortunes; but mine was grown fo low as to need 
 " an occupation, which I thought I entered well into, when I fubjedled 
 " myfelf to fiich a fcrvice as I thought might exercifc my poor abilities ; 
 *' and there I ftiimbled and fell too : And now I am become fo little, or 
 " fuch a nothing, that I am not a fubjed; goo^J enough for one of my own 
 " letters. — Sir, I fear my prefent difcontent does not proceed from a good 
 " root, that I am fo well content to be nothing, that is, dead. But, Sir, 
 " though my fortune hath made me fuch, as that I am rather a ficknefs or 
 " a difeafe of the world, than any part of it, and therefore neither love it 
 " nor life ; yet I would gladly live to become fomc fuch thing as you 
 " fliould not repent loving me. Sir, your own foul cannot be more zealous 
 *' for your good than I am ; and God, who loves that zeal in me, will not 
 " fuffer you to doubt it. You would pity me now, if you faw me write, for 
 " my pain hath drawn my head {o much awry, and holds it fo, that my eye 
 " cannot follow my pen. I therefore receive you into my prayers with 
 *' mine own weary foul, and commend myfelf to yours. I doubt Tiot but 
 " next week will bring you good news; for I have either mending or dying 
 '' on my fide ; But if I do continue longer thus, I fhall have conifort in 
 *' this. That my blefled Saviour, in exercifmg his juftice upon my two 
 " ^vorldly parts, my fortune and my body, referves all his mercy for that 
 " which moft needs it, my foul ; which is, I doubt, too like a porter that 
 " is very often near the gate, and yet goes not out. — Sir, I profefs to you 
 *' truly, that my loathnefs to give over writing now, feems to myfelf a fign 
 
 '*' that I {hall write no more 
 
 " Your poor friend, and God's poor patient ', 
 ^"^' '* " JOHN DONNE." 
 
 By 
 
 '' Donne, in one of his poems, ufes the exprefiion of " Tlic facred hunger of Science." 
 ' This letter moft affedlingly exhibits a gloomy pi£lure of family-diftrefs : A good man 
 ftruggling vith poverty and ficknefs, almoft Gnking under the prefTure of accumubted mifery, 
 but happily deriving confolation from this refledion, that while his body and his fortune only 
 
 fuffered, the tend'.-r mercy of God was referved for his foul. In another letter he thus de- 
 
 fcribes
 
 JOHN DONNE. 45 
 
 By this you have feen a part of the picture of his narrow fortune, and 
 the perplexities of his generous mind; and thus it continued with him for 
 about two years, all which time his family remained conftantly at Micham, 
 and to which place he often retired himfelf, and deftined fome days to a 
 conftant ftudy of fome points of controverfy betwixt the Englifli and Ro- 
 man Church, and efpccially thofe of fupremacy and allegiance. And to 
 that place, and fuch ftudies, he could willingly have wedded himfelf during 
 his life ; but the earnefl: perfuafion of friends, became at lafl to be fo power- 
 ful, as to caufe the removal of himfelf and family to London, where Sir 
 Robert Drewry", a gentleman of a very noble eftate, and a more liberal 
 mind, affigned him and his wife an ufeful apartment in his own large houfc 
 in Drewry-lane, and not only rent-free, but was alfo a cheriflier of his 
 fludies, and fuch a friend as fympathifed with him and his in all their joy 
 and forrows'. 
 
 At this time of Mr. Donne's and his wife's living in Sir Robert's houfe, 
 the Lord Hay was, by King James, fent upon a glorious embaffy to the 
 then French King Henry the Fourth ; and Sir Robert put on a fudden 
 
 refolution 
 
 fcribes his fad fituation ; — " I write from the fire-fide in my parlour, and in the noife of three 
 " gamefome children, and by the fide of her, whom becaufe I have tranfplanted into a 
 " wretched fortune, I mufl hibour to difguife that from her by ail fuch honed devices, as 
 " giving her my company and difcourfe." The mournful hiftory of this unfortunate mar» 
 riage affords a mod important leffon of inflruftion to young perfons. In an affair of high 
 confcqucnce to their welfare in future life, the utmcfl caution, the moft rigid circumfpeclion 
 are necefTary. Connexions, formed without the exprefs confent and approbation of parents 
 and guardians, are fo far from being productive of domedic blifs, that they are generally 
 marked with difappointment, misfortune, and penitential forrow. 
 
 " Sir Robert Drury was the patron of Dr. Jofeph Hall, Bifliop of Norwich, who dedicates 
 to him his Fird, as he does to Lady Drury "The Second Century of Meditations and Vows, 
 Divine and Moral." 
 
 ' The death of a young lady, the daughter of Sir Robert Drury, afforded to Dr. Donne 
 a fubje<n: for the exercife of his mufe, in two poems. " I. An Anatomic of the World, 
 " wherein by occafion of the untimely death of Midrefs EHzabeth Drury, the frailty and 
 
 " decay of this whole world is reprefented. The Fird Anniverfary. II. Of the Progrefle 
 
 " of the Soule. Wherein, by occafion of the religious death of Midrefs Elizabeth Drury, 
 " the incommodities of the foule in this life, and her exaltation in the ne.xt, are contemplated. 
 " The Second Anniverfary."
 
 46 THE LIFE OF 
 
 refolution to accompany him to the French court, and to be prefent at his 
 audience there"". And Sir Robert put on as fudden a refolution, to fubje*9: 
 I\Ir. Donne to be his companion in that journey% And this defirc was 
 fuddenly made known to his wife, who was then with child, and other- 
 wife under fo dangerous a habit of body, as to her health, that flie profeffed 
 an unwillingncfs to allow him any abfence from her ; faying, " Her divining 
 foul boded her fome ill in his abfence," and therefore defired him not 
 to leave her. This made Mr. Donne lay afide all thoughts of the jour- 
 ney, and really to rcfolve againft it. But Sir Robert became reftlefs in his 
 perfuafions for it, and Mr. Donne was fo generous as to think he had fold 
 his liberty when he received fo. many charitable kindneflcs from him, and 
 told his wife fo, who did therefore with an unwilling-willingnefs" give a 
 faint confent to the journey, which was propofed to be but for two months; 
 for about that time they determined their return. Within a few days after 
 this refolve, the AmbafTador, Sir Robert, and Mr. Donne left London, and 
 were the twelfth day got all fafe to Paris. Two days after their arrival 
 there, Mr. Donne was left alone in that room in which Sir Robert, and he, 
 and fome other friends had dined together. To this place Sir Robert re- 
 turned within half an hour; and as he left, fo he found Mr. Donne alone, 
 but in fuch an ecftafy, and fo altered as to, his looks, as amazed Sir Robert 
 to behold him; infomuch that he earneflly defired Mr. Donne to declare 
 what had befallen him in ihe fliort time of his abfence? To which Mr. 
 Donne was not able to make a prefent anfwer; but after a long and per- 
 plexed paufe, did at laft fay, " I have feen a dreadful vifion fmce I faw 
 " you; 1 have feen my dear wife pafs twice by me through this room, with 
 " her hair hanging about her fhoulders, and a dead child in her arms : This 
 " I have feen fmce I faw you." To which Sir Robert replied, *' Sure, Sir, 
 
 *' you 
 
 "" The Authors of the Biographia Britannica obferve, that Mr. Walton is miftaken in his 
 information, when he writes, that Sir Robert Drury accompanied the Lord Hay in his em- 
 bafly from King James to the French King ; for that Lord was not fcnt AmbafTador to 
 France, until July i6i6: whereas it is evident from the dates of fome of Mr. Donne's letters 
 that he was at Paris with Sir Robert Drury in 1612. 
 
 " Zy.ut uixosri yt fitftw. HoM. 
 
 e J'b OtM>T£ x«i 6e^wl. ■ EuRip. in Hecub.
 
 JOHN DONNE. 47 
 
 '" you have fiept fiiice I faw you, and this is the rcfult of Ibme melancholy 
 " dream, which I dcfire you to forget, for you are now awake." To which 
 Mr. Donne's reply was, " I cannot be furer that I now live, than that I 
 " have not flept fmce I faw you ; and I am as fure, that at her fecond appear- 
 
 " ing fhe flopped, and looked me in the face, and vanillicd." Reft and 
 
 fleep had not altered Mr. Donne's opinion the next day ; for he then af- 
 firmed this vifion with a more deliberate, and- fo confirmed a confidence, 
 that he inclined Sir Robert to a faint belief that the vifion was true. — It is 
 truly faid, that defire and doubt have no reft ; and it proved fo with Sir 
 Robert, for he immediately fent a fervant to Drewry Houfe, with a charge 
 to haften back, and bring him word, whether Mrs. Donne was alive ? and 
 if alive, in what condition (he was as to her health ? — The twelfth day the 
 meflenger returned with this account — That he found and left Mrs. Donne 
 very lad, and fick in her bed ; and that after a long and dangerous labour, 
 ihe had been delivered of a dead child. And upon examination, the abor- 
 tion proved to be the fame day, and about the very hour that Mr. Donne 
 affirmed he faw her pafs by him in his chamber. 
 
 This is a relation that will beget fome wonder ; and it well may, for 
 moft of our world are at prefent poflefled with an opinion that vilions and 
 miracles are ceafed. And though it is moft certain, that tv/o lutes being 
 both ftrung and tuned to an equal pitch, and then one played upon, the 
 other, that which is not touched, being laid upon a table at a fit diftance, 
 will (like an echo to a trumpet) warble a faint audible harmony, in an- 
 fwer to the fame tune, yet many will not believe there is any fuch thing 
 as a fyrapathy of fouls : and I am well pleafed, that every reader do enjoy 
 his own opinion ; but if the unbelieving will not allow the believing rea- 
 der of this ftory a liberty to believe that it may be true, then I wilh him 
 to confider, many wife men have believed, that the ghoft of Julius Casfar 
 did appear to Brutus, and that both St. Auftin, and Monica his mother, 
 had vifions in order to his converfion. And though thefe, and many 
 others (too many to name) have but the authority of human ftory, yet 
 the incredible reader may find in the facred ftory, i {Sam. xxviii.) that 
 Samuel did appear to Saul even after his death (whether really or not, I 
 undertake not to determine). And Bildad, in the book oi Job, (chap, iv.) 
 fays thefe words; " A fpirit pafled before my face, the hair of my head 
 
 " ftood
 
 48 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " ftood up, fear and trembling came upon me, and made all my bones to- 
 " fhake." Upon which words I will make no comment, but leave them 
 to be confidered by the incredulous reader, to whom I will alfo commend 
 this following conlideration ; — That there be many pious and learned men 
 that believe our merciful God hath afligned to every man a particular 
 guardian angel", to be his conftant monitor, and to attend him in all his 
 dangers both of body and foul. And the opinion, that every man hath, 
 his particular angel, may gain fome authority by the relation of St. Peter's 
 miraculous deliverance out of prifon {^A&s xii.) ; not by many, but by one 
 Angel. And this belief may yet gain more credit, by the reader's confidering, 
 that when Peter after his enlargement knocked at the door of Mary the 
 mother of John, and Rode the maid-fervant being furprifed with joy 
 that Peter was there, did not let him in, but ran in liafte and told the dif- 
 ciples (who were then and there met together) that Peter was at the door, 
 and they not believing it, faid fhe was mad ; yet when flie again affirmed 
 It, though they believed it not, yet they concluded and faid — " It is his 
 angel." 
 
 More obfervations of this natiu-e, and inferences from them, might be 
 made to gain the relation a firmer belief; but I forbear, left I, that in- 
 tended to be but a relator, may be thought to be an engaged perfon for 
 the proving what was related to me; and yet I think myfelf bound to de- 
 clare, that though it was not told me by Mr. Donne himfelf, it was told 
 me (now long fince) by a perfon of honour, and of fuch intimacy with 
 him, that he knew more of the fecrets of his foul, than any perfon then 
 living ; and I think he told me the truth : for it was told with fuch circum- 
 ftances and fuch affeveration, that (to fay nothing of my own thoughts) I 
 verily believe he that told it me did himfelf believe it to be true. 
 
 I forbear the reader's farther trouble, as to the relation and what concerns 
 it, and will conclude mine with commending to his view a copy of ver- 
 fes given by Mr. Donne to his wife at the time that he then parted from 
 her: And I beg leave to tell, that I have heard fome critics, learned both 
 in languages and poetry, fay, that none of the Greek or Latin poets did 
 ever equal them. 
 
 VALE- 
 
 ° Of the very probable truth of this propofition, fo pleafing to all good men, fee Bifiop 
 BuU's Sermons f vol. II. p. 498.
 
 JOHN DONNE, 49- 
 
 A VALEDICTION, 
 
 FORBIDDING TO MOURN. 
 
 As virtuous men pafs mildly away. 
 And whifper to their fouls to go, 
 Whilft fome of their fad friends do fay. 
 The breath goes now j and fome fay— No :: 
 
 So let us melt and make no noife ; 
 No wind-fighs or tear-floods us move, 
 'Twere profanation of our joys 
 To tell the laity our love. 
 
 Movings of the earth caufe harms and fears » 
 Men reckon what they did or meant ? 
 But trepidation of the fpheres, 
 Though greater far, is innocent. 
 
 Dull fublunary lovers' love 
 (Whofe foul is fenfe) cannot admit 
 Abfence ; becaufe that doth remove 
 Thofe things that elemented it. 
 
 But we by a foul fo much refin'd. 
 That our fouls know not what it is. 
 Inter- allured of the mind. 
 Care not hands, eyes, or lips to mifs. 
 
 Our two fouls therefore, which are onCy 
 Though I muft go, endure not yet 
 A breach, but an expanfion. 
 Like gold to airy thinnefs beat. 
 
 If we be two ? we are two fb 
 As flifF twin-compafles are two : 
 Thy foul, the fix'd foot, makes no fhow 
 To move, but does if th' other do. 
 
 M And
 
 rfo THE LIFE OF 
 
 7lnd though thine hi the centre fit. 
 Yet, when my other far does roam. 
 Thine leans and hearkens after it, 
 And grows ercdl as mine comes home. 
 
 Such thou mufl be to me, who mult, 
 Like th' other foot, obliciucly run : 
 Thy firmnefs makes my circle juft. 
 And me to end where I begun. 
 
 I return from my account of the vifion, to teil the reader, that both be- 
 fore Mr. Donne's going into France, at his being there, and after his return, 
 many of the nobility and others, that were powerful at court, were watch- 
 ful and folicitous to the king for fbme fecular employment for him. The 
 king had formerly both known and put a value upon his company ; and 
 had alfo given him fojne hopes of a ftate-employment, being always much 
 pleafed when Mr. Donne attended him, efpccially at his meals'", where 
 there were ufually many deep difcourfes of general learning, and very 
 often friendly difputes or debates of religion betwixt his majerty and thofe 
 divines whofe places required their attendance on him at thofe times ; par- 
 ticularly 
 
 P James I. took great pleafure in the convcvfation of thofe divines who attended his Court- 
 It was ufual with him, particularly at his meals, to difcourfe with them, as well upon the con- 
 troverfial points of religion, as upon various topics of literature. In the dedication of " An 
 *• Anfwer to a Challenge made by a Jefulte in Ireland, 1624," to the King, the celebrated 
 author, having preferred him to the Emperor Theodofius the younger, und to Alexius, thus 
 addrefles his Majefty. " It is acknowledged, even by fuch as differ from you in the point of 
 " religion, as a matter that hath added more than ordinary luftre to your royal eflate, that 
 " you doe not forbear fo much as at^the time of your bodily repaji to havcy for the then Hie feeding of 
 *' your intelleBual part, your highncjfe's table furrouiided with the attendance and conference of your 
 *' grave and learned divines. What inward joy my heart conceived as oft as I have had the 
 " happinefs to be prefcnt at fuch feafons, I forbeare to utter, onely I will fay with job; the 
 *' eare -which heard you ble£id you, and the eye •which faiv you gave ivitnejfe to you." Dr. Jofeph 
 Hall in his Holy Panegyric hath drawn a parallel between the Roman Emperor Conltantine 
 and King James. " Conilantine fate in the midft of liifliops, as if he was one of them. King 
 "James, befules his folemn conferences, vouch fafcs not feldom to fpend his meals in dif- 
 ^' courfe with his biftiops and other worthy divines." C Bijhop Hall's Works, J>. 444.7
 
 JOHN" DONNE. 51 
 
 ticularly the Dean of the Chapel, who then was Bifliop Montague'' (the 
 publiflier of the learned and eloquent works' of his majcfty), and the moft 
 
 M 2 reverend 
 
 " The fifth fen to Sir Edward Montague, and brother to Edward the firfl: Lord Montague 
 of Brougliton, eminent for his learning and liberality, and ufually called " King James's 
 " ecclefiaftical Favourite." He publillied liis Majefly's works under this title : " King James's 
 " Works, publiflied by James, Bifliop of Winton, and Deane of his Majefty's Chappel Royal. 
 " I Reg. III. 12 V. Lee I have given thee a -wife and an underflaiid'ing heart. London 1616." 
 He afterward tranflated them into Latin. He died in 1618, having been Bifliop of Winchefter 
 only two years. He was buried in the Abbey clmrch of Bath, which, wliile he filled tlie 
 fee of Bath and Wells, he repaired and beautified at a great expence, having been excited to 
 thib aiS of munificence in the following manner: When he held his primary vifitation in the 
 church of Bath, the bufincfs being done and the beneditlion given, Sir John Harrington 
 flood up in the midfl of the congregation and addrelTed his lordfliip in a Latin poem on the 
 ruinous flate of tiie buildings of the church, and concluded with a prophecy of its future 
 flourifliing and beautiful condition under the aufpices of the bifliop. 
 
 Te nempe ad decus hoc peperit Natura ; replevit 
 Dotibus eximiis Deus : Ais perfecVa polivit : 
 In gremio rcfovet ter magiji gratia regis 
 Dilavil<iue bonis tanta ad molimina natis. 
 Hue tiia te vinus, forte ancillante,»propelIir, 
 Euge; opus hoc iniise pietatis perfice. 
 
 The Bifliop, fo far from being difpleafed at this bold and unufual addrefs, anfwered it in a, 
 fliort Latin fpeech, and promifed to reftore the cathedral. 
 
 ' How far the works of this royal author deferve the epithets here Lefl:owed upon them, I 
 venture not to decide. " The Dxmonologie" and " The Counterblaft to Tobacco" do not 
 excite very flattering fentiments of his literary acquirements. Quotations, puns, fcripture, 
 vitticifms, f'pciftition, oaths, vanity, prerogative, and pedantry are afllrmed by the writer 
 of The Catal .gue of Royal and Noble Authors to be the ingredients of all his facred majefty's 
 
 performances. (Vol. I. />. 41.) Yet the incenfe of praife and adulation was liberally offered 
 
 to him, both in his Hfc-time and after his death. Ben Jonfon, in an epigram, commends James 
 as " bi (I of kings and beft of poets." One of the moft learned divines of his time declares 
 the king's Paraphrafe upon the Revelation of St. John, which he is faid to have written be- 
 fore he was twenty years of age, to be a memorable monument left to all poftcrity, luhich I 
 can never loohe upon, but thofe verfes of the poet rtinne eiliuaies in my minde. 
 
 Ccefi^ibus virtus rontigit .nnte diem : 
 Ingenium coelefte fuis velociub ar.nis 
 Surgit, €t jgnavx fert mala dainna mors.
 
 52 THE LIFE OF 
 
 reverend Dr. Andrews', the late learned Biftiop of Winchefler, who was 
 then the king's Almoner. 
 About this time there grew many difputes that concerned the Oath of 
 
 Supremacy 
 
 ' Of this great divine C.ifjubon thus fpeaks, " De cujus alta do£lrina in omni gsnere dif- 
 *' ciplinarum quicquid dixcro minus crit." In him were eminently united thofe qualities, 
 which feldom meet in one man, " Scientia magna, memoria major, judicium maximum, at 
 " induflria infinita." He is faid to have poflefled a critical and accurate knowledge of at leaft 
 fifteen modern tongues. Hence, no one was better qualified to be one of the tranflators of 
 the Bible in the reign of King James. Lord Clarendon entertained fo favourable an opinion 
 of him, as to declare. That " if Andrews, who loved and underflood the church, had fucceeded 
 Bancroft in the fee of Canterbury, that infedtion would eafily have been kept out, wliich could 
 not afterwards be fo eafily expelled." ( Hijlory of the Rebellion, b. I. p. 88. Edit. 1721.) 
 Amongfl. Milton's juvenile poems is an elegy on the death of Bifliop Andrews. To his pa- 
 tronage tlic venerable Jofeph Mede owed his fucccfs in being ele£led into a fellowfliip of 
 Chrift's College, Cambridge. And it fliould be always mentioned to his honour, that it was 
 ufual with him to fend for men of note, that he thought wanted preferment, and to give 
 them prebends and benefices under feal before they knew of it. Of this we have a remark- 
 able inftance in the cafe of Mr. Bois, on whom he conferred a prebend of Ely unaikcd for. 
 He was fent for to London by the bifliop. When he had given him, as we commonly fay, 
 joy of it (which was his firft falutation at his coming to him), he told him, " that he did be- 
 " (low it freely on him, without any one moving him thereto ; though (faid he) fome pick- 
 •' thanks will be faying, they flood your friends herein." Which prediiStion proved very true. 
 
 (Peck's DefiJerata ciiriofa, b. VIII. p. 50.^ Fuller obferves of him, that " the fathers are not 
 
 " more faithfully cited in his book, than lively copied out in his countenance and carriage; 
 *' his gravity in a manner awing King James, who refrained from that mirth and liberty in 
 " the prefencc of this prelate, which otherwife he afTumed to himfcif.'' Of his writings 
 perh.ips the moft known and the mofl ufeful is his Manual of Devotions, compofed in Greek 
 and Latin for his own private ufe, and rendered into Englifli by Dean Stanhope. For fome 
 time before his death the manufcript was fcarce ever out of his hands. It was found worn 
 in pieces by his fingers, and wet with his tears. A late editor of thefe devotions thus con- 
 cludes his advertifehient to the reader. " When thou haft bought the book, enter into thy 
 " clofet and fiiut the door ; pray with Bifhop Andrews for one week, and he will be thy 
 " companion for the refidue of thy years ; he will be pleafant in thy life, and at the hour of 
 
 " death he will not forfake thee." " Who," faith Bifliop Gauden, " hath more amplenefs 
 
 " and complctenefs for a good Man, a good Bifliop, a good Chriftian, a good Scholar, a good 
 ** Preacher, and a good CounfcUor, than Bifliop Andrews, a man of an aflonifliing excellency 
 ■" both at home and abroad." (Lloyd's State Worthies, p. 1016.)
 
 JOHN DONNE. 
 
 J J 
 
 Supremacy and Allegiance', in which the king had appeared and engaged 
 himfelf by his public writings now extant. And his majefty difcourfing 
 with Mr. Donne, concerning many of the reafons which are ufually urged 
 againft the taking of thofe oaths, apprehended fuch a validity and clearncfs 
 in his dating the queftions, and his anfwers to them, that his majefty com- 
 manded him to beftow fome time in drawing the arguments into a method, 
 and then to write his anfwers to them ; and having done that, not to fend 
 but be his own meflenger and bring them to him. To this he prefently 
 and diligently applied himfelf, and within fix weeks brought them to him, 
 under his own hand-writing, as they be now printed; the book bearing 
 the name of " Pfeudo-Martyr"," printed anno 1610. 
 
 When the king had read and confidered that book, he perfuaded Mr. 
 Donne to enter into the miniftry ; to which at that time he was, and ap- 
 peared, very unwilling, apprehending it (fuch was his miftaken modefty) 
 to be too weighty for his abilities : And though his majefty had promifed 
 him a favour, and many perfons of w^orth meditated with his majefty for 
 fome fecular employment for him (to which his education had apted him), 
 and particularly the Earl of Somerfet, when in his greateft height of favour ; 
 
 who 
 
 ' " Then I fay did his majcfly fliew this Chriftian courage of his more mauifeftly, when 
 he fent the profeffion of his religion, " The Apology of the Oath of Allegiance," and his 
 opinion of the Roman Anticlirill, in all languages to all Princes of Chriftendom. By occa- 
 fion of which book, though there have rifen twenty Rabfhakes, who have railed againft our 
 God, in railing againft our religion ; and twenty Shemeis, who have railed againft the perfon 
 of his facred majefty — (for I may pronounce that the number of them who have barked and 
 fnarled at that book in writing is fcarce lefs than forty) ; — yet fcarce one of them all hath un- 
 dertaken the arguments of that book, but either repeated, and perchance enlarged thofe things, 
 which their own authors had (hovelled together of that fubject (that is, the Pope's temporal 
 power) ; or elfe they have bent themfelves malicioufly, infolently, facrilegioufly againft the 
 perfon of his majefty ; and the Pope may be Antichrift ftill, for any thing they have faid to 
 the contrary." (Dr. Donne's Sermon at Paul's Crcfsy March 24, 1616.) 
 
 " " Wherein tills conclufion is evlded, that thofe who are of the Roman religion in this 
 kingdom, may or ought to take the oath of allegiance, i6io." In this year Dr. Donne was 
 incorporated M. A. in the UniverCty of 0.\ford, having already been admitted to that degree 
 at Cambridge.
 
 54 THE LIFE OF 
 
 who being then at Theobald's" with the king, where one of the clerks of 
 the council died that night; the earl ported a meffengcr for Mr. Donne 
 to come to him immediately, and, at Mr. Donne's coming, faid, " Mr. 
 " Donne, to tcftify the reality of my afi"o<n;ion, and my purpofe to prefer 
 " you, ftay in this garden till I go up to the king and bring you word that 
 *' you are clerk of the council : Doubt not my doing this, for 1 know the 
 " king loves you, and know the king will not deny me." — But the king 
 gave a pofitive denial to all requefts ; and, having a difcerning fpirit, re- 
 plied, " I know Mr. Donne is a learned man, has the abilities of a learned 
 " divine, and will prove a powerful preacher, and my defirc is to prefer 
 " him that way, and in that way I will deny you nothing for him." After 
 that time, as he profefTcth in his Book of Devotions, " The King defcended 
 " to a perfuafion, almoft to a folicitation, of him to enter into facred or- 
 *' ders';" which though he then denied not, yet he deferred it for almoft 
 three years\ All which time he applied himfclf to an incclTant ftudy of 
 textual divinity, and to the attainment of a greater perfedion in the learned 
 languages, Greek and Hebrew. 
 
 In 
 
 * The houfe at Theobald's, near Waltham in EfTex, was built by the Lord High Treafurer 
 Burghley, in the reign of Elizabeth. " A place, than which, as to the fabric, nothing can 
 " be more neat, and as to the gardens, walks, and wilderneffes about it, nothing can be 
 " more pleafant." James I. was fo much delighted with its fituation, that he gave the manor 
 of Hntfiild Regis in exchange for it to Lord Cecil, afterward created Earl of Salilbury. He 
 died at this his favourite palace, March 27, 1627. This noble and beautiful edifice was plun- 
 dered and deftroyed by the Rebels in 1651. 
 
 '' Walton probably alludes to the following paflage in the dedication of Donne's Book of 
 Devotions. " To the mod excellent Prince, Prince Charles. Moll excellent Prince, I have 
 •• had three births ; one natural, when I came into the world ; one fupernatural, when I 
 •' entered into the miniltry ; and now a preternatural birth in returning to life from this fick- 
 *' nefs: In my fecond birth your highnefle's royal father vouclifafed mee his hand, not onely to 
 " fuftaine me in it, but to lead me to it." 
 
 ^ Mr. Granger quotes a paflage from Dr. Barwick's life of Bifhop Morton, relating to 
 Donne, that he (Barwick) faw a portrait of Donne at Lincoln's Inn, all inveloped with a 
 darklfli fliadow, his face and features hardly difcernible, with this ejaculation and wifli writ- 
 ten thereon : " Domine, illumina teneb"ras meas j" and that this wifli was afterward accom- 
 plifhed, when at the perfuaGon of King James he entered into holy orders. 
 
 (Biogr. B>Jl. vol IT.)
 
 JOHN DONNE. 5_j 
 
 In the firil and moft blefled times of Chriftianity, when the clergy were 
 looked upon with reverence, and deferved it, when they overcame their 
 oppofers by high examples of virtue, by a bleffed patience and long-fuffer- 
 ing ; thofe only were then judged worthy the miniftry, whole quiet 
 and meek fpirits did make them look upon that facred calling with an 
 humble adoration and fear to undertake it ; which indeed requires fuch 
 great degrees of humility^ and labour^ and care^ that none but fuch were 
 then thought worthy of that celeftial dignity ; and fuch only were then 
 fought out, and folicited to undertake it. This I have mentioned, be- 
 caufe forwardnefs and inconfideration could not in Mr. Donne, as in many 
 others, be an argument of infufficiency or unfitnefs; for he had confidcred 
 long, and had many ftrifes within himfelf, concerning the ftrid:nefs of life 
 and competency of learning required in fuch as enter into facred orders ; 
 and doubtlefs, confidcring his own demerits, did humbly afk God with 
 St. Paul, " Lord, who is fufEcient for thefe things?" and with meek 
 Mofes', " Lord, who am I ?" And fure, if he had confulred with flefh 
 and blood, he had not for thefe reafons put his hand to that holy plough. 
 But God, who is able to prevail, wreftled with him as the Angel did with 
 Jacob, and marked him; marked him for his own; marked him with a blef- 
 fmg, a blefhng of obedience to the motions of his bleffed fpirit. And then, 
 as he had formerly afked God with Mofes, " Who am I ?" So now, being 
 infpired with an apprehenfion of God's particular mercy to him in the king's 
 and others' folicitations of him, he came to afk King David's thankful quef- 
 tion, " Lord, who am I, that thou art fo mindful of me?" So mindful of 
 me, as to lead me for more than forty years through this wildernefs of 
 the many temptations and various turnings of a dangerous life ; fo merci- 
 ful to me, as to move the learnedeft of kings to defcend to move me to 
 
 fervc 
 
 " A reader, who hath conudered with atterttion the hiftory of Mofes, as recorded in the 
 facred writings, will not eafily acknowledge tlie propriety of applying the quality of meehncfe 
 to this great leader of the Ifraeiites. He fcems rather to have been fufceptible of a warmth 
 of temper. Hence Dr. Kennicott, following the verfion of a learned foreign profeflor, pro- 
 pofcs a flight alteration of a word in the original, and gives a fenfe entirely ditVercnt from 
 that, in which the paflage, (Numb. xii. 3.^ has been commonly explained, and more con- 
 fiftent with the character of Mofes. " He was highly favoured with anfwers (from God) 
 " above all the men which were upon the face of the earth." 
 
 fSu Kenincoit's Remarks on SekcJ Pnjfagesy life. p. 57.)
 
 ^6 THE LIFE OF 
 
 ferve at the altar; fo merciful to mc, as at Lift to move my heart to em- 
 brace this holy motion : — Thy motions I will and do embrace : — And now 
 I fay with the bleffed Virgin, " Be it with thy fervant as feemeth beft in 
 " thy fight;" and fo, blefled Jefus, I do take the cup of falvation, and will 
 call upon thy name, and will preach thy gofpeP. 
 
 Such ftrifes as thefe St. Auftine' had, when St. Ambrofe'' endeavoured his 
 converfion to Chriftianity, with which he confefleth he acquainted his 
 friend Alipius. Our learned author (a man fit to write after no mean copy) 
 did the like. And declaring his intentions to his dear friend Dr. King, 
 then Bilhop of London, a man famous in his generation, and no ftranger to 
 Mr. Donne's abilities, — (for he had been chaplain to the Lord Chancellor, 
 at the time of Mr. Donne's being his lordlhip's fecretary); — that reverend 
 man did receive the news with much gladneis; and, after fome expreflions 
 of joy, and a perfuafion to be conftant in his pious purpofc, he proceeded 
 with all convenient fpeed, to ordain him firft deacon, and then prieft not 
 long after'. 
 
 Now 
 
 * Thefe juft and exquifitely beautiful rcfletlions affix infinite credit equally to Dr. Donne 
 and to his Biographer. Is it not devoutly to be wiflied that they were deeply imprinted on 
 the minds of every candidate for holy orders? 
 
 ' Auguftin, the famous Bifliop of Hippo, and ufually called " the great Dodor of Africa," 
 was born in 359, and died in 430. The carelefTnefs and levity of the earlier period of his 
 life were in fome meafure compenfated by the unbounded charity, the piety and zeal which 
 he difplayed after his converfion to the true faith. This converfion is attributed partly to the 
 affe£ling difcourfes of St. Ambrofe, whofe le£lures he was induced to attend through mere 
 curiofity, and partly to the tears and tender entreaties of his mother Monica. He hath fo 
 freely acknowledged and ccnfured the impropriety of his former condud, in his books of 
 Confeffions, that it is juftly deemed " tyranny to trample on him that proftrates himfelf." 
 Erafmus, who hath written his life, exhibits him as the mod finifhed pattern of goodnefs — 
 " quafi Dens voluerit in Auguftino tanquam in una tabula vividum quoddam exemplar 
 *' Epifcopl reprefentare omnibus virtutum numeris abfolutum." 
 
 "* Bifiiop of Milan, from the perfuafive powers of his eloquence, and the charming fweet- 
 ncfs of his language, called " the Mellifluous Doftor." The eflefls which his difcourfes 
 produced on St. Auguflin are defcribed in Confejfioimm^ lib. v. cap. 14. 
 
 * ?Ie had bid farewel to poetry the year before ; his laft poem being written upon the death 
 of Lord Harrington, a nobleman of extraordinary piety and learning.
 
 JOHN DONNE. 57 
 
 Now the Englifh Church had gained a fecond St. Auflin, for I think 
 none was fo like him before his converfion; none fo Uke St. Ambrofe after 
 it : And if his youth had the infirmities of the one, his age had the excel- 
 lencies of the other; the learning and holinefs of both. 
 
 And now all his ftudies, which had been occafionally diffufed, were all 
 concentred in divinity. Now he had a new calling, new thoughts, and a 
 new employment for his wit and eloquence. Now all his earthly affedlions 
 were changed into divine love ; and all the faculties of his own foul were 
 engaged in the converfion of others ; — in preaching the glad tidings of re- 
 milfion to repenting finners, and peace to each troubled foul. To thefe he 
 applied himfelf with all care and dihgence : And now fuch a change was. 
 wrought in him that he could fay with David, " O how amiable are thy 
 " tabernacles, O Lord God of Hofts !" Now he declared openly, " That 
 " when he required a temporal, God gave him a fpiritual bleffing." And 
 that " He was now gladder to be a door-keeper in the houfe of God than 
 *' he could be to enjoy the nobleft of all temporal employments." 
 
 Prefently after he entered into his holy profeflion, the king fent for him, 
 and made him his chaplain in ordinary, and promifed to take a particular 
 care for his preferment. 
 
 And though his long familiarity with fcholars and perfons of greateft 
 quality was fuch as might have given fome men boldnefs enough to have 
 preached to any eminent auditory ; yet his modefty in this employment 
 was fuch that he could not be perfuaded to it, but went ufually accompa- 
 nied with fome one friend, to preach privately in fome village not far 
 from London; his firft fermon being preached at Paddington: This he did 
 till his majefty fent and appointed him a day to preach to him at White- 
 hall ; and though much was expeded from him, both by his majefty and 
 others, yet he was fo happy (which few are) as to fatisfy and exceed their 
 expedlations; preaching the word fo as {hewed his own heart was pofTeiTed 
 with thofe very thoughts and joys that he laboured to diftil into others: A 
 preacher in earneft, weeping fometimes for his auditory,, fometimes with 
 them ; always preaching to himfelf like an angel from a cloud, but in 
 none ; carrying fome, as St. Paul was, to heaven in holy raptures, and 
 enticing others by a facred art and courtlhip to amend their lives : Here 
 pifturing a vice fo as to make it ugly to thofe that pra^lifed it, and a virtue 
 
 N fo
 
 .58 THE LIFE OF 
 
 fo as to make it be beloved even by tliofe that loved it not, and all this with 
 a moft particular grace and an incxpreffible addition of comelinefs. 
 
 There may be lome that may incline to think (fuch indeed as have not 
 heard him), that my affedlion to my friend hath tranfported me to an im- 
 moderate commendation of his preaching : If this meets with any fuch, let 
 me intreat, though I will omit many, yet that they will receive a double 
 witnefs for what I fay, it being attefted by a gentleman of worth, (Mr. 
 •Chidley', a frequent hearer of his fermons) in part of a funeral elegy 
 wrote by him on Dr. Donne ; and is a known truth though it be In vcrfe. 
 
 Each altar had his fu'c 
 
 He kept his love but not his objett. Wit 
 
 He did not banifli, but tranfplantcd it ; 
 
 Taught it both time and place, and brought it home 
 
 To PIETY, which it doth bed become. 
 
 For fay, had ever plcafure fuch a drefs ? 
 
 Have you feen crimes fo fliap'd, or lovelinefs 
 
 Such as his lips did clothe religion in ? 
 
 Had not reproof a beauty paffing fin ? 
 
 Corrupted Nature forrow'd that (he ftood 
 
 So near the danger of becoming good. 
 
 And when he preach'd flic wifh'd her ears exempt 
 
 Prom PIETY that had fuch power to tempt. 
 
 How did his facred flatt'ry beguile 
 
 INIen to amend? 
 
 More of this, and more witnefTes might be brought, but I forbear and 
 
 return ". 
 
 That 
 
 f Rather Mr Cbudleigh : — John Chudleigh, M. A. of Wadham College in Oxford, and the 
 cldefl, foil of Sir George Chudleigh, Bart, of Aliton in Devonfliire. 
 
 K The character of Dr. Donne's Sermons is faithfully delineated by his fon in the Dedi- 
 cation of them to Charles I. " They who have been converfant in the works of the holiefl; 
 " men of all times, cannot but acknowledge in thefe the fame fpirit with which they writ ; 
 " rcafonable demonftrations every where in the fubjecls, comprehenfible by reafon : As for 
 *' thofc things which cannot be comprehended by our reafon alone, they are no ^here made 
 
 *' eafiet
 
 JOHN DONNE. 55 
 
 That fummer, in the very fame month in v/hich he entered into facred' 
 orders and was made the King's Chaplain, his majefty then going his pro- 
 
 grcfs, 
 
 " eaGer to faith than here ; and for the other part of our nature, which confifts in our palTions 
 " and in our affeclions, they are here raifed and laid, and governed and difpofed, in a manner, 
 " according to the wili of the author. The doftrine itfelf which is taught here is primitively 
 " Chriftian ; the fathers are every where confulted with reverence, but apoftolical writing-s 
 " only appealed to ns the lad Rule of Faith. Laftly, fuch is the conjundure here of zeal and 
 " difcretion, that whilfl; it is the main fcope of the author in thcfe Difeourfes, that glory be 
 " given to God, this is accompanied every where with a fcrupulous care and endeavour, thac ' 
 " peace be likewife fettled amongft men." 
 
 The two following extradls will enable the reader to form a judgment of Dr. Donne's ftyle ' 
 and mode of writing : 
 
 " It; is not enough not to truft in flcfh, but thou muft truft in that that is fpirit. And ' 
 
 " when thou art to direft thy truft upon him who is fpirit, the fpirit of power and of confo- 
 '• lation, ftop not, fbray not, divert not upon evill fpirits to feeke advancement or to feeki 
 " knowledge from them, nor upon good fpirits, the glorious faints of God in heayen, to fcekc 
 •' falvation from them, nor upon thine own fpirit, in an over-valuation of thy purity or thy 
 •'merits. For there is a peftilent pride in an imaginary' humility, and an infectious foule- 
 •' nefle in an imaginary purity ; but turne onely to the onely invifible and immortall God, 
 •' who turnes to thee in fo many names and notions of power and confolation in this one 
 " pfalme, ( Pf. /xii.J. In laft verfe but one of this pfalme David fayes, GW hath fpohen once^ 
 " and tvAce have I heard him. God hath faid enough, but twice in this pfalme hath he re- 
 " peated this, in the fecond and in tlie fixt verfe. He onely is my roche, and my falvation, and 
 " my defence. And, as it is inlarged in the feventh verfe, my refuge and my glory. If my re- 
 "fuge, — what enemy can purfue me ? If my defence, — what tentation fliall wound me ? If my 
 •' rocie, what ftorme fhall fhake ine ? \i my falvation, — what melancholy fhall dejecl me ? It " 
 •' my glory, — what calumny fhall defame me ? 
 
 " I muft not ftay you now, to iafufe into you the feverall confolations of tliefe feverali 
 " names and notions of God towards you. But.goe your feverall wayes homej and every 
 " foule take with him that name, which may minifttr moft comfort unto him. Let him that 
 *' is purfued with any particular tentation, inveft God, as God is a refuge, a fanftuary. Let 
 •' him that is buffeted with the nieflenger of Satan, battered with his own concupifcence 
 " receive God, as God is his defence and target. Let him that is fhaked with perplexities in 
 ♦' his underftanding or fcruples in his confcience lay hold upon God, as God is his roclte and 
 " his anchor. Let him that hath any diflident jcaloufie or fufpition of the free and full mercy 
 " of God apprehend God, as God is his falvation. And him that walks in the in^lorioufneife 
 " and contempt of tliis world contemplate God, as God is his gkry. Any of tJiefe notions is 
 
 " enough
 
 Oo THE LIFE OF 
 
 grefs was entreated to receive an entertainment in the univerfity of CaJtt- 
 bridgc J and Mr. Donne attending his majefty at that time, his majcfty 
 
 was 
 
 *' enough to any man, but God is all tliefe and all elfe that all foules can thlnke, to every 
 " man. Wee fliut up both thcfe confulerations (man lliould not (that is not all), God fliould 
 *' be relied upon) with that of the Prophet Trtift ye not in a friend, put not your confidence in a 
 " guide, keepe the doores of thy mouth fivm her that lies in thy bofome (there is the exclufion of 
 •' truft in man) ; And then he adda in the feventh verfe, becaufe it flands thus between man 
 *' and man, I will looke unto the Lord, I will looie unto the God of my falvation, my God nvill 
 " heare me." ( LXXX Sermons, 1640, p. 662. J 
 
 " Now to make up a circle, by returning to our firll word, remember : As we re- 
 ** member God, fo for his fake let us remember one another. In my long abfence and far 
 " diftance from hence remember me, as I fhall do you in the ears of that God to whom the 
 *' fartheft eaft and the fartheft weft are but as the right and the left ear in one of us ; we hear 
 " with both at once, and he hears in both at once ; remember me, not my abilities, for when 
 *' I confider my Apoftleihip that I was fent to you, I am in St. Paul's quorum, quorum ego fum 
 " minimus, the leafl of them that have been fent; and when I confider my infirmities, I am 
 *' in his quorum in another commifTion, another way, quorum ego maxivius, the greateft of 
 •• them ; but remember my labors and endeavours, at leafl my defire to make fure your fal- 
 *' vation. And I fhall remember your religious chcerfulnefs in hearing the word, and your 
 " chriftianly refpedl towards all them that bring that word unto you, and towards myfelf in 
 ** particular far above my merit. And fo as your eyes that flay here and mine that mud be 
 *' far of, for all that didance fhall meet every morning in looking upon that fame fun, and 
 " meet every night in looking upon the fame moon ; fo our hearts may meet morning and 
 " evening in that God which fees and hears every where ; that you may come thither to him 
 " with your prayers, that I (if I may be of ufe for his glory and your edification in this 
 *• place) may be reftorcd to you again; and may come to Itim with my prayer, that what 
 " Paul focver plant amongft you, or what ApoUos foever water, God himfelf will give the 
 *' increafe : That if I neVer meet you again till we have all palled the gate of death, yet in 
 *' the gates of heaven I may meet you all, and tliere fay to my Saviour and your Saviour, 
 "that which he fai:l to his father, " Of thofe whom thou haft given me have I not loft one." 
 " Remember me thus, you that flay in this kingdome of peace, where no fword is drawn 
 *' but the fword of juflice, as I fliall remember you in thofe kingdomes, where ambition on 
 " one fide and a neceffary defence from unjufl perfecution on the other fide hath drawn many 
 ** fwords; and Chrifl Jefus remember us all in his kingdome; to which though we mufl fail 
 " through a fea, it is the fea of his blood, where no foul fufFers fhipwreck ; though we mufl 
 " be blown with flrange winds, with fighs and groans for our fins, yet it is the fpirit of God 
 °" that blows all this wind, and Iliall blow away all contrary winds of diffidence or diftrufl
 
 JOHN DONNE. 5, 
 
 was pleafed to recommend him to the univerfity to be made Dodor in 
 Divinity: Dr. Harfnett" (after archbifhop of York) was then Vice- 
 Chancellor, who, knowing him to be the author of that learned book the 
 " Pfeudo- Martyr," required no other proof of his abiUties, but propofed it 
 to the univerfity, who prefently afTented, and exprefled a gladnefs that they 
 had fuch an occafion to entitle him to be theirs '. 
 
 His 
 
 " in God's mercy ; where we fliall be all fouldlers of one army, the Lord of Hoftes, and chiU 
 " dren of one quire, the God of harmony and confent: where all clients fliall retain but one 
 " counfellor, our advocate Chrift Jefus, nor prefent him any other fee but his own blood, 
 " and yet every client have a judgment on his fide, not only in a not guilty, in the remiffion 
 " of his fins, but in a venite beriedicl'i, in being called to the participation of an immortal 
 " crown of glory : where there (hall be no difference in affeftion nor in mind, but we (hall 
 " agree as fully and perfe£lly in our allelujah and gloria in excetfis as God the Father, Son, 
 ** and Holy Ghoft, agreed in the faciamus hominem at firft ; where we fliall end and yet begin 
 *' but then ; where we fliall have continuall reft, and yet never grow lazie ; where we fliall 
 " be ftronger to refift and yet have no enemy ; where we (hall live and never die, where wc 
 " fliall meet and never part." 
 
 (A Sermon of Valcdiclion at his going into Germany, at Lincolne's Inn, April i8, 1619. 
 Donne's Sermons, vol. III. p. 280, 281. 
 
 '' Dr. Samuel Harfnett, Mafter of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, was Vice-chancellor of 
 that Univerfity in 1605 and in 1614, fucceffively Bifliop of Chichefter and of Norwich, and 
 Archbifhop of York. He died March 12, 1630. Striclnefs to hiftoric truth precludes us 
 from pafTnig over in filence an unfortunate circumftance of his life, viz. his expulfion from 
 the Mafterdiip of Pembroke-Hall, for feveral pra£lices exhibited againfl; him in fifty feven Ar- 
 ticles ; all of which are faid to have been fo flagrant, that he chofe rather to refign his Mafter- 
 fliip than to undergo an inquiry. But as the purport of thefe Articles is unknown, and the 
 nature of the charge brought againft him has never been afcertained, we remain in doubt 
 what degree of cenfure he deferved. The infcription on his tomb was evidently penned by 
 himfelf. " Hie jacet Samuel Harfnett, quondam Vicarius hujus Ecclefix, primo indignus 
 Epifcopus Ciceftrienfis, dein indignior Norvicienfis, demum indlgniffimus Archicpifcopus." 
 
 ' A different account of this matter is given in two letters of Mr. Chamberlain to Sir 
 budly Carlton. In one dated March 16, 1614, he writes, " I had alnioft forgotten that 
 " almoft all the Courtiers went forth Mafl:ers of Arts, at the King's being there ; but few or 
 " no Dodors, fave only Toiitige , which was dene by a mandate, being fon to Sir Peter, the 
 
 king's
 
 62 THE LIFE OF 
 
 His abilities and induftry in his profefTion were fo eminent, and he {o 
 known and fo beloved by perfons of quality, that within the firfl year of 
 iiis entering into facred orders he had fourteen advowfons of fevcral bene- 
 iices prefented to him ; but they were in the country, and he could not 
 leave his beloved London, to which place he had a natural inclination, 
 having received both his birth and education in it, and there conlra£led 
 a friendfhip with many, whofe converfation multiplied the joys of his 
 life : But an employment that might affix him to that place would be wel- 
 come, for he needed it. 
 
 Immediately after his return from Cambridge his wife died", leaving 
 him a man of a narrow unfettled eftate, and (having buried five) the careful 
 father of feven children then living, to whom he gave a voluntary aflur- 
 ance never to bring them under the fubjc£lion of a ftep-mother; which 
 promife he kept moft faithfully, burying with his tears all his earthly joys 
 in his moft dear and deferving wife's grave ', and betook himfelf to a moft 
 retired and folitary life. 
 
 In 
 
 " king's fchcolmafter. The Vice-Chancellor and Unlverfity were exceeding ftridt in that 
 " point, and refufed many importunities of great men ; among whom was Mr. Secretary, 
 " that made great means for Mr. Weftfield ; but it would not be : neither the King's intreaty 
 *' for John Dun would prevail ; yet they are threatened with a mandate, which, if it is com.e, 
 *' it is like they will obey ; but they are refolved to give him fuch a blow withal, that he 
 " were better be without it." 
 
 And in another letter of nearly the fame date : " John Donne and one C/:fie went out Doc- 
 *' tors at Cambridge with much ado, after our coming away, by the King's exprefs mandate ; 
 *' though the Vice-Chancellor and fome of the heads called them openly ' Filios noQis et 
 *' tencbrioncs,' that fought thus to come in at the window, when there was a fair gate open. 
 *' But the word is, that Donne had gotten a reverfion of the Deanery of Canterbury, if ftich 
 •* grants could be lawful ; wliereby he hath purchafed himfelf a great deal of envy, that a 
 *' man of his fort (liould feek, per faltiim, to intercept fuch a place from fo many more wor- 
 ** thy and antient divines." 
 
 " Mrs. Donne died Auguft 15, 1617, on the feventh day iafter the birth of her twelfth 
 child, and was buried in the parifli church of St. Clement's near Temple Bar. 
 
 ' It appears that Nicholas Stone, a noted ftatuary in the reign of James I. made a tomb 
 
 for Mrs. Donne, to be placed in the church of St. Clement Danes, for the which be had 
 
 fifteen Pieces. (WalpoWs Anecdotes of PamUng^l^c, vol. II. p. J{^.J The following is the 
 
 infcriptioii on her tomb ; 
 
 ANN^E
 
 JOHN DONNE. 63 
 
 In this retlrednefs, which was often from thcTight of his deareft friends, 
 he became crucified to the worW, and all thofe vanities, thofe imaginary 
 pleafurcs that are daily acled on that reftlefs ftage ; and they were as per- 
 fedlly crucified to him. Nor is it hard to think (being paffions may be 
 both changed and heightened by accidents) but that that abundant af- 
 fe<5tion which once was betwixt him and her, who had long been the de- 
 light of his eyes and the companion of his youth; her, with whom he 
 had divided fo many pleafant forrows and contented fears, as common- 
 people are not capable of; not hard to think but that fhe, being now re- 
 moved by death, a commeafurable grief took as full a pofleflion of him as 
 joy had done, and fo indeed it did ; for now his very foul was elemented 
 of nothing but fadnefs, now grief took fo full a pofTeffion of his heart, 
 
 as 
 
 e ■> TFilise, 
 
 ey ( J Sorori, 
 
 ;n f "1 Nepti, 
 
 r. J (.Pronept 
 
 ANN^ 
 
 GEORGII -) fMorede 
 
 ROBERTI / 3 Lothelley 
 
 WILIELMI f } Equitum 
 
 CHRISTOPHERI J (.Aurator. J Ll'ronepti 
 
 Foeminje leftiffimje, dileflifliniaeque, 
 
 Conjugi charifllmje, cafliffimreque, 
 
 Matri piiffim?e, indulgentiflimxque, 
 
 XV annis in conjugio tranfadlis, 
 
 VII pod XII partum (quorum VII 
 
 Superftant) dies 
 
 Immani febre correptse 
 
 (Quod hoc faxum fari juffit 
 
 Ipfe prcE dolore infans) 
 
 Maritus (miferrimum didu) dim 
 
 Charse charus 
 
 Cineribus cineres fpondet fuos 
 
 Novo matrimonio (annual Deus) hoc 
 
 Loco fociandos 
 
 JOANNES DONNE 
 
 Sacrae Theologix Profeflbr. 
 
 Seceflit 
 
 Anno XXXIII ^tat. fuse et fui Jefu 
 
 CIC. DC. XVII. 
 
 Aug. XV. 
 
 (Stryfe's Stoiv's Survey of Londitit 1720, vol. 11, b. 4, p, 113.)
 
 04 THE LIFE OF 
 
 as to leave no place for joy ; if it did^ it was a joy to be alone, where like 
 a pelican in the ivildernefs^ he might bemoan himfclf without witncfs or 
 reftraint, and pour forth his paffions like Job in the days of his affliction, 
 " Oh that I might have the defire of my heart ! Oh that God would grant 
 " the thing that I long for !" For then, as the grave is become her houje^ fo 
 I would haften to make it mine alfo, that ive two might there make our beds 
 together in the dark'^. Thus as the Ifraelites fat mourning by the rivers of 
 Babylon, when they remembered Sion"; fo he gave fome eafe to his op- 
 preffed heart by thus venting his forrows : Thus he began the day, and 
 ended the night ; ended the reftlefs night and began the weary day in la- 
 mentations. And thus he continued till a confideration of his new en- 
 gagements to God and St. Paul's " Wo is me, if I preach not the gofpel," 
 difperfed thofe fad clouds that had then benighted his hopes, and now 
 forced him to behold the light. 
 
 His firft motion from his houfe was to preach, where his beloved wife 
 lay buried (in St. Clement's Church, near Temple-Bar, London,) and his 
 text was a part of the Prophet Jeremiah's Lamentation : *' Lo, I am the 
 *' man that have feen affliction'." 
 
 And 
 
 ^ Tliis expreflion of Donne's grief reminds us of the wretched Romeo's words : 
 
 " I will ftay with thee; 
 " And never from this palace of dim night 
 " Depart again : here will I remain 
 " With worms, that are thy chamber-maids." 
 
 (Romeo and Juliet, Afc V. Scene III.) 
 
 In fimilar language Thefeus laments the death of Phaedra : 
 To xATA yui 6f7.«, TO xara yaj xn^aj, 
 
 Ttii cr>n r(f>i9fi{ ^iXraTijs c^ui^iaj. (Euripid, Hippoljlus, i'. 851. J 
 
 " Pfalm cxxxvH. Dr. Donne tranflated this pfalm into Englifh verfe. 
 
 ' Lamentations, iii. i. 
 " I am the man which have affli(5tion feene, 
 
 " Under the rod of God's wrath having beene ; 
 " He hath led mee to darknelTe, not to light, 
 
 " And againft mee all day his hand doth fight." boNNE. 
 
 During this time of didrefs he was probably engaged in his Poetic Verfion of the Lamenta- 
 tions of Jeremiah, following for the moft part the tranflation of Tremellius.
 
 JOHN DONNE. 6^ 
 
 And indeed his very words and looks teflified him to be truly fuch a man; 
 and they, with the addition of his fighs and tears, exprefled in his fcrmon, did 
 {o work upon tlie affedlions of his hearers, as melted and moulded them into 
 a companionable fadncfs'', and fo they left the congregation ; but then their 
 houfes prefentcd them with objetf^s of diverfion, and his prefented him with 
 nothing but frelh objeds of forrow, in beholding many helplefs children, 
 a narrow fortune, and a confideration of the many cares and cafualties that 
 attend their education. 
 
 In this time of fadncfs he was importuned by the grave Benchers of Lin- 
 coln's Inn, (who were once the companions and friends of his youth) to 
 accept of their ledture, which, by reaibn of Dr. Gataker's'' removal from 
 thence, was then void ; of which he accepted, being mod glad to renew his 
 
 O intermitted. 
 
 ' His eloquence in the pulpit is thus defcrlbed in Darnelly's Latin Poem : 
 
 — — — " vidi, 
 
 •' Audivi, et ftupui, quoties orator in sede 
 " Paulina fterit, et inira gravitate levantes 
 " Corda oculofque viros tenuit : dum Neftoris ille 
 " Fudit verba (omni quanto mage dulcia melle?) 
 " Nunc Iiabet attonitos, pandir myileria plebi 
 . ■ " Non conccfla prius, nondum intellefta : revolvimt 
 
 " Mirantes, tacitique, arreclis auribus aSant. 
 
 " Mutatis mox ille moJo formaquc lo^ucndi 
 " Trijiia pertradat ; Fatumque et flebUe mortis 
 " Tempus, et in cinercs redeunt quod corpora prima ^ 
 " Turn gemiium cunllos dare, tunc lugere videres, 
 " For/ilan a Lachrjmii aliquis non temperat, atque 
 " Ex oculis largum fiUlat rorem." 
 
 •> Mr. Thomas Gataker, a folid, judicious, and truly pious divine, highly efteemed by Salma- 
 fius and other learned foreigners, was the author of a treatife once much read " Of the Nature 
 and Ufe of Lots," &c. and was juftly celebrated for his critical knowledge of the Greek and 
 Hebrew languages. Being one of the Aflembly of Divines appointed by Parliament in 1642^ 
 he conducted himfelf in that department with fingular prudence and moderation. In the 
 Aflembly's Annotations on the Bible he executed wit^ uncommon ability tliat divifion which 
 included Ifiiah, Jeremiah, and Lamentations. Kis Explication of Jeremiah x. 12, fubje<5ted 
 him to the fevere cafti^itions of the famous aflrologer William Lily, againft whom he wrote 
 " A Difcourfc Apologetical, wherein Lilie's lewd and loud lies in Iiis Merlin or Pafqull for 
 
 the
 
 Go THE LIFE OE 
 
 intermitted friendfliip with thofe whom he fo much loved, and where he 
 had been a Saul, though not to perfecute Chriftianlty, or to deride it, yet 
 in his irregular youth to negledl the viiible pradlicc of it; there to become 
 a Paul, and preach lalvation to his beloved brethren. 
 
 And now his life was as a Jloining light among his old friends , now he 
 gave an ocular teilimony of the llri<3:nefs and regularity of it j now he 
 might fay as St. i*aul advifeth his Corinthians, " Be ye toUowers of me, as 
 " I follow Chrill, and walk as ye have me for an example." Not the ex- 
 ample of a bufy-body, but of a contemplative, a harmlels, a humble, and a 
 holy life and converfaticHi. 
 
 The love of that noble fociety was exprefled to him many ways ; for, 
 befides fair lodgings that were fet apart and newly furniihed for him with 
 all neceflaries, other courtefies were alfo-daily added ; indeed fo many, and 
 fo freely, as if they meant their gratitude fliould exceed his merits : And in 
 this love-ftrife of defert and liberality, they continued for the fpace of two 
 years, he preaching faithfully and conftantly to them, and they liberally re- 
 quiting him. About which time the Emperor of Germany died, and the 
 Palfgrave, who had lately married the Lady Elizabeth, the King's only 
 daughter, was elected and crowned King of Bohemia; the unhappy be- 
 ginning of many miferies in that nation ^ 
 ' King James, whofe motto' (Bead pacifici) did truly fpeak the very 
 
 thoughts 
 
 the year 1654, are clearly laid open, &c." His houfe bore the refcniblance of a college, where 
 many young men, foreigners as well as natives, continually attended to receive inflrutlions 
 from his leftures. The mofl approved of his works are "A DifTertation upon the Style of 
 theNewTeflament." " A Tracl de Nomine tetragrammato — A^lverfaria Mifcellanea." Pre- 
 fixed to this lad work, publiflied by his fon, is his own life, written by himfelf. 
 
 ' Upon the ilCath of the Emperor Matthias, his nephew Ferdinand, who fucceeded him in 
 the imperial dignity, caufed himfelf to be proclaimed King of Bohemia. The States of Bo- 
 hemia confidering their crown as eledive made a tender of it to Frederic, Elector Palatine, 
 fon-in-law to the King of England, who immediately accepted the otfer, and marclied all his 
 forces into Bohemia in fupport of his new fubje£ts. 
 
 ' James was not aware of Queen Elizabeth's maxim, or at leaft he was not defirous of 
 . practifing it, that "the people of England are more governable in times of war than in times 
 
 of
 
 JOHN DONNE. 67 
 
 thoughts of his heart, endeavoured firft to prevent, and after to compofe 
 the difcords of that difcompofed ftate ; and amongft other his endeavours, 
 did then fend the Lord Hay', Earl of Doncafter, his AmbafTador to thofe 
 unfettled princes; and by a fpecial command from his majefty, Dr. Donne 
 was appointed to aflift and attend that employment to the princes of the 
 Union ; for which the earl was moft glad, who had always put a great 
 value on him, and taken a great plcafurc in his converfation and difcourfe: 
 And his friends of Lincoln's Inn were as glad ; for they feared that his 
 immoderate ftudy, and fadnefs for his wife's death, would, as Jacob faid, 
 " Make his days few," and refpeQing his bodily health, " evil" too ; and 
 of this there were many vihble fjgns. 
 
 At his going" he left his friends of Lincoln's Inn, and they him with many 
 reludations ; for though he could not fay as St. Paul to his Ephefians, 
 " Behold you to Avhom I have preached the kingdom of God fliall from 
 " henceforth fee my face no more;"' yet, he believing himfelf to be in a 
 confumption queftioned, and they feared it; all concluding that his troubled 
 mind, with the help of his unintermitted ftudies, haftened the decays of 
 his weak body : But God, who is the God of all wifdom and goodnefs, 
 turned it to the beft ; for this employment (to fay nothing of the event of 
 it) did not only divert him from thofe too ferious ftudies and fad thoughts, 
 but feemed to give him a new life, by a true occafion of joy, to be an eye- 
 witnefs of the health of his moft dear and moft honoured miftrefs, the 
 
 O 2 Queen 
 
 of peace." Yet, notwlthflanding his well-known pacific di/pofition, the adulation of a Scotch 
 poet (Alexander Boydt) hath compared him to Minerva for his wifdonij and to " Mars for 
 his warlike qualities." , 
 
 Primus in orbe Deus, qui jungis Pallada Marti, 
 
 Et facis ut titulis cedut uterque tuis. 
 
 ' Of whom fee Lord Clarendon's Hiftory of the Rebellion, vol. I. p. 61, Svo edit. 1705. 
 
 " lie thus mentions his journey in a Latin letter to Sir Henry Goodycrc. "Elucefcit mihi 
 •* nova nee inopportuna nee inutilis (paulo quam optaram fortaflis niagis inhonora) occafio 
 " extera vifendi regna, liberofquc perquam amantiffiinx conjugis pignora cacteraquc hujus 
 " aur;e oblcdlamenta aliquot ad annus relinquendi." Upon this occafion he preached a Ser- 
 mon of valedidion at Lincoln's Inn, April 18, 1619, from whence an estrad is infertcd in a 
 pieceding note.
 
 63 THE LIFE OF 
 
 •Queen of Bohemia, in a foreign nation, and to be a vvitncfs of that glad- 
 ■ncl's which Ihe exprclTcd to fee him: Who, having formerly known him a 
 courtier, was much joyed to fje him in a canonical habit, and more glad to . 
 be an ear-witnefs of his excellent and powerful preaching \ About four- 
 teen months after his departure out of England, he returned to his friends 
 of Lincoln's Inn, with his forrows moderated and his health improved, 
 and there betook himfelf to his conftant courfe of preaching. 
 
 About a year after his return out of Germany, Dr. Carey*' was made 
 Bifliop of Exeter, and by his removal the deanery of St. Paul's being va- 
 cant, the king fent to Dr. Donne, and appointed him to attend him at 
 dirmer the next day. When his majefty was fat down, before he had eat 
 any meat, he faid after his pleafant manner, " Dr. Donne, I have invited 
 *' you to dinner, and though you fit not down wnth mc, yet I will carve 
 *' to you of a difh that I know you love well ; for knowing you love 
 "London, I do therefore make you Dean of Paul's; and when I have 
 *' dined, then do you take your beloved difli home to your fludy, fay 
 *' grace there to yourfelf, and much good may it do you," 
 
 Immediately 
 
 ^ Tills unfortunate princefs from her amiable and engaging manners was called " The 
 Queen of Hearts." — " God hath now at laft call her into an ocean of calamities, in which (he 
 *' dill remains a floating example to other princes of the inftability of fortune, as fhe did in 
 
 " her profperity, of civility and goodnefs." (OJlorne.) In Dr. Donne's Poems is an epi- 
 
 thalamium or marriage-fong on the Lady Elizabeth and Count Palatine being married on St. 
 "Valentine's Day, beginning thus : 
 
 " Hail Bifliop Valentine, wliofe day is tin;, 
 
 " All the aire is thy diocis, 
 
 " And all the chirping choiifters 
 " And other biids are thy parifliioners, 
 
 " Thou marryeft every yeare 
 " The lirique larke, and the grave whifpering dove, 
 " The fparrow that neglefts his life for love, 
 " The hcufshold bird, with the red ftomacher. 
 
 "f Valentine Carey, Mafter of Chrift's College in Cambridge, and Dean of St. Paul's, is 
 faid to have bctn born in Northumberland. He was confecrated Bifhop of Exeter, Nov. 2o, 
 .i62C, and having well governed this church about fix years, he died June lo, 1626,
 
 JOHN DONNE. 69 
 
 Immediately after he came to his deanery, he employed workmen to 
 repair and beautify the chapel, fufFering, as holy David once vowed, " His 
 " eyes and temples to take no reft till he had firft bcautilied the houfe of 
 " God." 
 
 The next quarter following, when his father-in-law, Sir George Moor 
 (whom time had made a lover and admirer of him) came to pay to him the 
 conditioned fum of twenty pounds, he refufed to receive it, and faid, as 
 good Jacob did, when he heard his beloved fon Jofeph was alive, " It is 
 " enough \ you have been kind to me and mine ; I know your prefent con- 
 " dition is fuch as not to abound, and I hope mine is or will be fuch as 
 " not to need it ; I will therefore receive no more from you upon that con- 
 " tract," and in teftimony of it freely gave him up his bond. 
 
 Immediately after his admiffion into his deanery, the vicarage of St. 
 Dunftan in the Weft', London, fell to him by the death of Dr. White % 
 the advowfon of it having been given to him long before by his 
 honourable friend, Richard Earl of Dorfet", then the patron, and 
 
 confirmed 
 
 ^ Ifaac Walton, our biograplier, was an inhabitant of this parlfli, and thus became inti- 
 mately acquainted with Dr. Donne. 
 
 " Dr. Thomas White, much admired as a preacher, died March i, 1623, and was buried 
 in his chancel of the church of St. Dunftan in the Weft. Having founded a lecture in moral 
 philofophy at Oxford, and being alfo diftinguiflied for many other charitable benefaftions, 
 the heads of the univerfity direfted an oration to be publicly delivered, on occafion of his 
 death, by William Price, the firft reader of that ledure. This oration, with feveral copies 
 of verfes written upon the fame fubjeft, was printed under the title of " Schola moralis 
 " Philofophia; Oxon. in funere Whiti pullata. Oxon. 1624," 4tO' (Wood's Ath. Ox.) 
 
 ^ " Principibus placuiffe viris non ultima laus eft." Hor. 
 
 The charafter of thisrobleman, Richard (Sackville) Earl of Dorfet, the friend and patron 
 of Dr. Donne, is thus delineated by the pen of his lady, Anne, daughter and heir of George 
 Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, in the manufcript which flie has left, containing the hiftory of 
 her life. " He was," fays Ihe, " in his own nature of a juft mind, of a fweet difpolition, 
 " and very valiant in his own perfon : He had a great advantage in his breeding by the wif- 
 " dom and difcretion of his grandfather, Thomas Earl of Dorfet, Lord High Treafurer of 
 " England, who was then held one of the wifeft men of that time ; by which means he was 
 
 " fo
 
 70 THE LIFE OF 
 
 confirmed by his brother, the late deccafed Ed\vard% both of them men 
 of much honour. 
 
 By thefe, and another ecclefiaftical endowment which fell to him about 
 the fame time, given to him formerly by the Earl of Kent, he was enabled 
 to become charitable to the poor and kind to his friends, and to make fuch 
 proviiion for his childien, tliat they were not left fcandalous, as relating to 
 their or his profefTion and quality. 
 
 The next parliament, which was within that prefent year, he was chofen 
 Prolocutor'' to the Convocation, and about that time was appointed by his 
 majefty, his mod gracious maftcr, to preach very many occafional fermons, 
 as at St. Paul's Crofs and other places ; all which employments he per- 
 formed to the admiration of the reprefentative body of the whole clergy of 
 this nation. 
 
 He 
 
 " fo good a fcliolar in all manner of learnings, that in his youth when he lived in the univer- 
 " fity of Oxford, there was none of the young nobility then Rudcnts there, that excelled him. 
 " He was alfo a good patriot to his country, and generally well beloved in it, much efteemed 
 *' in all the parliaments that fat in his time ; and fo great a lover of fcholars and foldiers, as 
 " that with an exccflivc bounty towards them, or indeed any of worth that were in dillrefs, 
 " he did much diminiili his ellate : As alfo, with excedive proditjality in houfe-kecping 
 " and other noble ways at court, as tilting, mafking, and the like ; Prince Henry being 
 " then alive, who was much addicted to thofe noble exercifes, and of whom he was much 
 " beloved." (Collhis's Peerage, vol. II. p. 194, 195.) 
 
 * This nobleman, Edward (Sackville) Earl of Dorfct, was entrufted with the command of 
 the Engiifli fortes which were fent to the affillance of the King of Bohemia in 1620; and in 
 the next year was appointed Ambadiidor to the court of France. Of the melancholy cata- 
 ftrophe of a duel witli his intimate friend Lord Bruce, fee the Guardians, No. 129, 133. 
 During the civil wars he diftinguiflied himfelf by his loyalty to Charies I. with whofe death 
 he was fo deeply affeded, that after that event he never went out of his own houfe. He died 
 July 17, 1652. 
 
 ^ On this occafion he fpoke a Latin oration as his inauguration fpeech, which is extant in 
 his " Poems, &c. 8vo, London, 1719." Dr. Jofeph Hall preached the Latin feimon on the 
 opening of this Convocation, which was held in 1624, and in which large fubfidies were 
 granted by the clergy to the king.
 
 JOHN DONNE. 71 
 
 He was once, and but once, clouded with the king's difpleafure, and 
 it was about-this time; which was occafioned by lome maUcious whifperer, 
 who had told his majefty that Dr. Donne had put on the general humour 
 of the pulpits, and was become bufy in inlmuating a fear of the l:ing's 
 inclining to Popery, and a diilike of his government, and particularly for 
 the king's then turning the Evening Lectures into catechilmg, and ex- 
 pounding the Prayer of our Lord, and of the Belief and Commandments. 
 His majefty was the more inclineable to believe this, for that a perl'on of 
 nobility and great note, betwixt whom and Dr. Donne there had been a 
 great friendfhip, was at this very time difcarded the court (1 ihall forbear 
 his name unlefs I had a fairer occafion), and juflly committed to prilon, 
 which begot many rumours m the common people, who in this nation 
 think they are not wife unlefs they be buiy about what they under|land 
 not, and efpecially about rehgion. 
 
 The king received this news with fo much difcontent and reftleflhefs, 
 that he would not fuffer the fun to fet and leave him under this doubt, 
 but fent for Dr. Donne, and required his anfwer to the accufation, which 
 was fo clear and fatisfadlory, that the king faid " He was right glad he 
 *' relied no longer under the fulpicion." \Vhen the king had faid this. 
 Dr. Donne kneeled down and thanked his majelly, and protelled his an- 
 fwer was faithful and free from all collullon, and therefore " defired that 
 " he might not rife, till,~as in like cafes he always had from God, fo he 
 " might have from his majefty, fome alTurance that he ftood clear and fair 
 " in his opinion." At which the king railed him from his knees with his 
 own hands, and " protefted he believed him, and that he knew he was an 
 " honeft man, and doubted not but that he loved him truly." And having 
 thus difmilTed him, he called fome lords of his council into his chamber, 
 and faid with much earneftnefs " My Doiftor is an honeft man ; and my 
 " lords, 1 was never better fatisfied with an anfwer than he hath now 
 " made me ; and I always rejoice when I think that by my means he be- 
 " came a divine." 
 
 He was 'nade dean in the fiftieth year of his age, and in his fifty-fourth 
 year a dangerous ficknefs feized him, vvhich inclined him to a conAunp- 
 tion. But God, as Job thankfully acknowledged, pre/ervei/ /j/s /pirily and 
 
 kept
 
 72 THE LIFE OF 
 
 kept his intellcduals as cleai* and pei-feiil as when that ficknefs firll feizcd 
 his body j but it continued long and threatened him with death, which he 
 dreaded not. 
 
 In this diflemper of body, his dear friend, Dr. Henry King (then chief 
 Refidentiary of that church, and late BIfhop of Chichefter), a man generally 
 known by the clergy of this nation, and as generally noted for his obliging 
 nature, vifited him daily, and obferving that his ficknefs rendered his re- 
 covery doubtful, he chofe a feafonable time to fpeak to him to this pur- 
 pofe: 
 
 " Mr. Dean, I am by your favour no ftranger to your temporal eftate, 
 " and you are no ftranger to the offer lately made us, for the renewing a 
 " leafe of the beft prebends corps belonging to our church, and you know 
 " it was denied, for that our tenant being very rich offered to fine at fo 
 " low a rate as held not proportion with his advantages ; but I will either 
 " raife him to an higher fum, or procure that the other refidentiaries fhall 
 " join to accept of what w^as offered : One of thefe I can and will by your 
 " favour do without delay, and without any trouble either to your body or 
 " mind; I befeech you to accept of my offer, for I know it will be a con- 
 " fidcrable addition to your prefent eftate, w^hich I know needs it." 
 
 To this, after a fhort paufe, and ralfmg himfelf upon his bed, he made 
 this reply : 
 
 " My moft dear friend, I moft humbly thank you for your many fa- 
 " vours, and this in particular ; but in my prefent condition I ftiall not ac- 
 " cept of your propofal, for doubtlefs there is fuch a fin as facrilege ; if 
 '* there were not, it could not have a name in fcripture : And tlie primitive 
 " clergy were watchful againft all appearances of that evil ; and indeed 
 " then all Chriftians looked upon it with horror and deteftation, judging 
 " it to be even an open defiance of the poivcr and providence of Almighty 
 " God^ and a fad prefage of a declining religion. But inftead of iuch 
 " Chriftians, who had feledled times fet apart to faft and pray to God for a 
 " pious clergy which they then did obey, our times abound with men 
 " that are bufy and litigious about trifles and church-ceremonies, and yet fo 
 " far from fcrupling facrilege, that they make not fo much as a query 
 " what it is : But, I thank God I have; and, dare not now upon my fick 
 
 « bed,
 
 JOHN DONNE. 75 
 
 ** when Almighty God hath made me ufclefs to the fervicc of the church, 
 " make any advantages out of it. But if he Ihall again reftore me to fuch 
 ** a degree of health as again to ferve at his altar, I fhall then gladly take 
 " the reward which the bountiful beneiadors of this church have deligned 
 '*' me ; for God knows my children and relations will need it ; in which 
 " number my mother (whofe credulity and charity has contrafted a very 
 *' plentiful to a very narrow eftate) muft not be forgotten: But, Dodlor 
 " King, if I recover not, that little worldly eftate that I ihall leave behind 
 " me (that very little when divided into eight parts) muft, if you deny me 
 *' not fo charitable a favour, fall into your hands as my moft faithful friend 
 ** and executor, of whofe care and juftice I make no more doubt than of 
 " God's blefling on that which I have confcientloufly coUcdted for them, 
 *' but it fliall not be augmented on my fick-bcd; and this I declare to be 
 "*' my unalterable refolution.'' 
 
 The reply to this was only a promife to obferve his requeft. 
 
 Within a few days his diftempers abated, and as his ftrength increafed, 
 fo did his thankfulnefs to Almighty God, teftified in his moft excellent 
 Book of Devotions', which he publifhed at his recovery ; in which the 
 leader may fee the moll fecret thoughts that then poffefled his foul para- 
 
 P phrafed 
 
 • This book is dedicated " To the moft excellent Prince, Prince Charles." The two follow- 
 ing extracts from this work will give a fufficient fpecimcn of the manner in which it is 
 written. 
 
 « THE PATIENT TAKES HIS BED. 
 "third meditation. 
 
 " We attribute but one priviledge and advantage to man's body above other moving crea- 
 *' tures, that he is not, as others, groveling, but of an ere£l, of an upright form, naturally 
 *' built and difpofed to the contemplation of heaven. Indeed it is a thankeful form, and re- 
 " compenfes X^xax. fouk which gives it, with carrying that /o.v/c, fo many foot higher towards 
 " heaven; other creatures look to the earth; and even that is no unfit objeQ, no unfit con- 
 *' templation for rnan; for thither he muft come ; but becaufe man is not to ftay there as other 
 *• creatures are, man in his natural form Is carried to the contemplation of that place, which 
 *• is his home, heaven. This is man's prerogative ; but what ftate hath he in this dignity ? 
 '"Ji. fever can fillip him downe ; a fever can depofe him; a fever can bring that head, which 
 
 " yefterday
 
 74 THE LIFE OF 
 
 phrafed and made public; a book. that may not unfitly be called a Sacred' 
 Picltire cf Spiritual Ecjlafies^ occafioned and appliable to the emergencies 
 of that licknefs; which bookj being a compolition of meditations, dil'qui- 
 
 litions, 
 
 " yeflerday carried a croiune of gold, five foot towards a croiune of glory, as low as his own 
 " foot to-daj'. When Gcd came to breathe into man the breath of life, hee found him flat 
 " upon the ground ; wlicn he comes to withdraw that breath from him againe, he prepares 
 " ]iim to it by laying him flat upon his bed. Scarce any prifon fo clofc, that affords not the 
 " prifoner two or three Heps. The Anchorites that barqu'd themfelves up in hollow trees, and 
 " immured themfelves in hollow walls ; that perverfe man that barrell'd liimfelf in a tubbe, 
 " all could iland or fit, and enjoy fome change of pofture. A ficke-bed is a grave, and all 
 " that the patient fayes there is but varying his epitaph. Every night's bed is a t^fe of the 
 " grave : At night we tell our fervants at what houre we will rife, here we cannot tell ourfelves 
 " at what day, what week, what month. There the head lies as low as tlie foot ; the head 
 " of the people as low as they whom thofe feete trod upon : And that hand, that figned par- 
 " don, is too weake to begge his own, if he might have it for lifting up that hand : Strange 
 " fetters to the feete, flrange manacles to the hands, when the feete and hands are bound fo 
 " much the fader, by how much the coardes are flacker; foe much the lefle able to do their 
 " offices, by how much more the finewes and ligaments are the loofer. In the grave I may 
 " fpeak through the ftones in the voice of my friends, and in the accents of thofe words 
 " which their love may afford my memory. Keere I am mine own ghoj}, and rather affright 
 " my beholders than inftruft them: they conceive the worfl of me now, and yet feare worfej 
 " they give me for dead now and yet wonder how I do when wake at midnight, and aflce 
 " how I doe to-morrow. Miferable and (though common to all) inhumane pofture^ where I 
 " mufl pradlife my lying in the grave by lying Hill, and not pradtifc my refurreHion by rifing 
 " any more." 
 
 " EIGHTEENTH MEDITATION. 
 
 " The bell rings out and tells me in him that I am dead. 'Y\\\^fouIe, this hdl tells mee, is 
 •' gone out : Whither ? who fhall tell mee that ? I know not vjho it is ; much leffe luhat he 
 " was ; the condition of the man, and the courfe of his life, which (hould tell mee whither he 
 •* is gone, I know not. I was not there in his ficknejfe, nor at his death ; I faw not his -way, 
 " nor his end^ nor can aflce them who did, thereby to conclude or argue whither he is gone. 
 •• But yet I have one nearer mee than all thefe ; mine own charity : I aflce that ; and that 
 " tels me ' He is gone to everlajling reji, and joy, and glory.' I owe him a good opinion ; it is 
 " but thankful charity in mee, becaufe I received benefit and injlruciion from him when his bell 
 " tolled : And I, being made the fitter to pray by that difpofition wherein I was affifled by 
 " his occafion, did pray for him ; and I pray not without faith ; fo I doe charitably^ fo I do 
 *' faithfully belceve that that/c://c is gone to cvcrlafling refl^ -ixiAjoy, and glory."
 
 JOHN DONNE. 75 
 
 ntions, and prayers, he writ on his fick-bed ; herein imitating the holy Pa- 
 triarchs, who were wont to build their altars in that place where they had 
 received their bleflings. 
 
 This ficknefs brought him fo near to the gates of death, and he faw the 
 grave fo ready to devour him, that he would often fay his recovery was 
 fupernaturar : But that God that then reftored his health continued it to 
 him till the hfty-ninth year of his life, and then in Auguft, 1630, being 
 with his eldeft "daughter, Mrs. Harvy, at Abury Hatch in Efiex, he there 
 fell into a fever, which, with the help of his conftant infirmity (vapours 
 from the fpleen), haftened him into fo vifible a confumption, that his be- 
 holders might fay, as St. Paul of himfelf, " He dies daily ;" and he might 
 fay with Job, " My welfare paffeth away as a cloud, the days of my af- 
 " fli(Stion have taken hold of me, and weary nights are appointed for 
 " me." 
 
 Reader, this ficknefs continued long, not only weakening but wearying 
 him fo much, that my defire is he may now take fome reft ; and that before 
 I fpcak of his death, thou wilt not think it an Impertinent digieflion to 
 look back with me upon fome obfervations of his life ; which, whilft a 
 gentle Dumber gives reft to his fpirits, may, I hope, not unfitly exercifejthy 
 confideration. 
 
 His marriage was the remarkable error of his life ; an error, which though he 
 had a wit able and very apt to maintain paradoxies, yet he was very far from 
 juftifying it; and though his wife's competent years, and other reafons 
 might be juftly urged to moderate fevere cenfures, yet he would occa- 
 fionally condemn himf(^lf for it. And doubtlefs it had been attended with 
 an heavy repentance, if God had not bleft them with fo mutual and cordial 
 affedions, as in the midft of their fufferings made their bread of forrow 
 tafte more pleafantly than the banquets of dull and low-fpirited people. 
 
 Tlic 
 P 2 
 
 f Dr. Donne, in 1626, was named In a commiffion Ms-Itli Archbifliop Abbot, feveral Bifliops, 
 Dodtors in Divinity, and Dodlors in Civil Law, to hear tlie caufe between Dr. Kinefley, 
 Archdeacon of Canterbury, and the Rev. Mr. George Huntley, who had rcfufed to preach 
 a vifitation fcrmon, at the command of the Archdeacon, " The Cr.fe of a Rector," &c. p- 10.
 
 76 THE LIFE OF 
 
 The recreations of his youth were poetry % in which he was fo happy 
 as if Nature and all her varieties had been made only to cxercife his fharp 
 "wit and high fancy ; and in thofe pieces which were facetioufly compofed 
 and carcleisly fcattered (moft of them being written before the twentieth 
 year of his age), it may appear by his choice metaphors, that both Nature 
 and all the Arts joined to affifl: him with their utmoft fkill. 
 
 It is a truth, that in his penitential years, viewing fome of thofe pieces 
 that had been loofely (God knows too loofely) fcattered in his youth, he 
 wifhed they had been abortive, or fo fhort lived, that his own eyes had 
 witneffed their funerals : But though he was no friend to them, he was not 
 fo fallen out with heavenly poetry as to forfake that, no not in his declin- 
 ing age, witneffed then by many divine fonnets, and other high, holy, and 
 harmonious corapofures ; yea, even on his former fick-bed he wrote this 
 heavenly hymn, exprefling the great joy that then pofl'effed his foul in the 
 aiTurance of God's favour to him when he compofed it. 
 
 An 
 
 'Whatever praife may be iluc to the poems of Dr. Donne, they are certainly deficient in 
 the beauties of verfification. To remedy this defecl, his fatires have been traujlated into Eng-i 
 lljh verfe by Mr. Pope, and liis epigrams by Dr. Jafper Mayne, who edited them in 1652, 
 with the title of " A Sheaf of Mifcellany Epigrams." Mr. Hume (Hip. of England, vol. VI. 
 p. 132) has obferved, that in Donne's fatires, and indeed in all his poetical compofitions, thera 
 appear fome flafhes of wit and ingenuity, but that thefe, are totally fuflbcated and buried by 
 the harfheft and mod ' uncouth exprelTion which is any where to be met with. On Donne- 
 and his poetry fee fome interefting remarifs in "Dr. Warton's ElTay on the Genius and Writ- 
 ings of Pope," vol. II. p. 353. It has been humouroufly remarked, that verfes ought to- 
 run like Ovid's, or walk like Virgil's, and not to (land (till like Dr. Donne's. Yet Ben. 
 Jonfon, in an epigram to Donne, calls him " The delight of Phoebus and each Mufe :" and 
 that he could make foft and fmooth verfes, appears from the following little poem ; 
 
 " Come live with me, and be my love, 
 " And we will fome newpleafurcs prove, 
 •' of golden fnnds, and cryflal brooks, 
 " With filken lines and filver hooks. 
 "There will the river whifp'ring run," &c,
 
 JOHN DONNE. 77 
 
 AN HYMN 
 TO GOD THE FATHER''- 
 
 Wilt thou forgive tliat fin where I begun. 
 
 Which was my fin, though it were done before ' ' 
 
 Wilt thou forgive that fin through which I run, 
 And do run flill though flill I do deplore ? 
 When thou haft done thou haft not done. 
 For I have more. ■ 
 
 Wilt thou forgive that fin, which I have won 
 
 Others to fin, and made my fin their door? 
 Wilt thou forgive that fin which I did fhun 
 
 A year or two, but wallow'd in a fcore ? 
 
 When thou haft done thou haft not done. 
 For I have more. 
 
 I have a fin of fear, that when I've fpuil 
 
 My laft thread, I ftiall perifli on the fliore : 
 But fwear by thyfelf, that at my death thy Son 
 
 Shall fliine as he fhines now and heretofore J - 
 
 And having done that, thou haft done, 
 
 I fear no more- ■ 
 
 I have the rather mentioned this hymn, for that he caufed it to be fet to 
 a moft &rave and folemn tune, and to be often fung to the organ by the 
 
 chorifters 
 
 * This compofition is not, furely, embelliflicd with poetical beauties. The reader who is 
 defirous of forming a juft opinion of the merit of metaphyfical poets, among whom Dr. Donne 
 is to be ranked in the firft clafs, will confult Dr. Johnfon's remarks in his Life of Mr. Cowley. 
 "We can have little inducement to perufe the works of men, who inftead of writing poetry 
 wrote only verfe, who cannot be faid to have imitated any thing, as they neither copied Na- 
 ture from life, neither painted the forms of matter, nor reprefented the operations of intel- 
 le£t. Deficient in the fublime and the pathetic, they"abounded in hyperbole, in unnatural 
 thoughts, violent fidions, foolifli conceits, exprcffions cither grofsly abfurd, or indelicate and- 
 difgufting." (Dr. Jolmfon's Worh, vol. IZ.p.24.)
 
 7S THE LIFE OF 
 
 chorifters of St. Paul's Church in liis own hearing, efpecially at the even- 
 ing fervice, and at his return from his cuftomary devotions in that place, 
 did occafionally fay to a friend " The words of this hymn have reftored 
 " to me the fiime thoughts of joy that pofleffed my foul in my licknefs 
 " when 1 compofed it. And, O the povi'er of church-mufic' ! that har- 
 *' mony added to this hymn has raifed the aftc£lions of my heart, and 
 " quickened my graces of zeal and gratitude; and I obferve that I always 
 " return from paying this public duty of prayer and praife to God, with 
 " an uncxprcffible tranquillity of mind, and a willingnefs to leave the 
 " world." 
 
 After this manner did the difciplcs of our Saviour, and the befl: of Chri- 
 fllans in thofe ages of the church ncareft to his time, offer their praifes to 
 Almighty God ; and the reader of St. Auguftine's life may there find, 
 that towards his diffolution he wept abundantly, that the eneniies of Chri- 
 ftianity" had broke in upon them, and prophaned and ruined their flinc- 
 tuaries, and becaufe their public hymns and lauds were loft out of their 
 churches. And after this manner have many devout fouls lifted up their 
 hands and offered acceptable facrifices unto Almighty God where Dr. Donne 
 
 offered his, and now lies buried. " But now, O Lord, how is tliat 
 
 *' place become defolate'." Anno 1656: 
 
 Before 
 
 ' On the antiquky., ufe, and excellence of church-mufic, fee " Bifliop Home's (Ixtcen Ser- 
 mons on various Subjedls and Occafions," p. 265. 
 
 '' St. Auguftln died after the Goths and Vandals had with much barbarous cruelty and 
 bloodfhedding over-run the greatefl part of his native country of Africa ; only three cities of 
 any note were preferved from their fury, of which his own city, Hippo, was one, though 
 befieged by them fourteen months. According to his prayer he was delivered out of their 
 hands by tlie mercy of God, who took him to himfclf during the time of the fiege. See his 
 Xife written by Pofidonius, and ufually prefixed to his works. 
 
 ' By the votes of both Iloufes, made in the Long Parliament, Sept. ic-ii, anno 1642, for 
 the abolifliing of bllliops, deans, and chanters, tlie very foundation of this famous cathedral, 
 fays Sir William Dugdalc, was utterly fliaken in pieces. In the following year the famous 
 .crofs in the churchyard, which had been for many ages the moil noted and folemn place 
 [v this nation for the grentcft divines and.greateft fcholars to preach at, was pulled down 
 
 to
 
 JOHN DONNE. 79 
 
 Before I proceed further, I think fit to inform the reader, that not long 
 before his death he caufed to be drawn a figure of the body of Chrift, ex- 
 tended upon an anchor, Hke thofe which painters draw when they would 
 prefent us with the picture of Chrift crucified on the crofs; his varying 
 no othervvife than to affix him not to a crofs, but to an anchor (the em- 
 blem of hope) ; this he caufed to be drawn in little, and then many of thofe 
 figures thus drawn to be engraven very fmall in Helitropium {lones"',and fet 
 in gold, and of thofe he fent to many of his dearcft friends, to be ufed as feals 
 ar rings, and kept as memorials of him, and of his affedtion to them. 
 
 His dear friends and benefactors. Sir Henry Goodier", and Sir Robert 
 Drewry, could not be of that number, nor could the Lady Magdalen 
 
 Her- 
 
 to the ground ; the flails of the Quire were alfo taken away ; as alio part of the pave* 
 ment torn up, and monuments utterly demoliflied or defaced. The fcafFolds erected for the 
 repair of the church were given to the foldiers, and by them pits were dug for fawing up 
 the timber in fcveral places thereof, even where fome reverend bifliops and other perfons of 
 quality lay interred ; and afterwards the body of the church was fivquently converted to a 
 horfe-quarter for foldiers. { Sie Kennel's Re^iJIer and Chronicle, p. S49-) 
 
 ° The Heliotropium is a very beautiful fpecies of jafper, and has been long known to tlie 
 world as a gem. Its colour is a fine and ilrong green, fometimes pure and fimple, but more 
 frequently with an admixture of blue in it. It is moderately tranfparent in thin pieces, and 
 is always veined, clouded, and fpotted with a blood red. From this, its mofl obvious cha- 
 rafter, it has obtained among our jewellers the name of the blood-ftone. (LeiuL's Materia 
 Mtdica.) 
 
 " One of the gentlemen of liis Majefly's Privy Chamber. To him Dr. Doune has addrelTed 
 feveral of his letters in the Collection, which was printed in 1651. 
 
 " To the honour of Sir Henry Goodycr of Pokfworth, a Knight memorable for his vir- 
 " tues," faith Camden, " an affeftionate friend of his made this tetraflick."' 
 
 " An ill ycnr of a Goodycr us bereft, 
 " Who gon to God much lack of liiin here left j 
 " FuU of good gifts of body and of ininde, 
 •*"VVjrc, comely, learned, eloquent, and kinde." 
 
 (Ifeever's Andint, Tun. Mcnumeris. p. 302.)
 
 So THE LIFE OF 
 
 Herbert", the mother of George Herbert, for they had put ofF mortality, and 
 taken pofleffion of the grave before him; but Sir Henry Wotton and Dr. 
 Hair, the then late dcceafcd Bilhop of Norwich were; and fo were Dr. 
 Duppa, Bilhop of Salifbury", and Dr. Henry King, Bilhop of Chichellcr 
 (lately deceafed) ; men, in whom there was fuch a commixture of general 
 learning, of natural eloquence, and Chriflian humility, that ihcy deferve 
 a commemoration by a pen equal to their own, which none have ex- 
 ceeded. 
 
 .And 
 
 ° Of this excellent woman fee " Walton's Life of Mr. George Herbert."" 
 
 P Dr. Jofeph Hall, Bifliop of Norwich. " The learned have given him this chara(fler, that 
 *' he was • Our Englifli Sciieca,' dexterous at controverfy, not unhappy at comments, very 
 " good at chara£lers, better in fermons, beft of all in meditations and contemplations, all 
 " which have long fince been put out in three volumes." ( Alagiia Britannia, -vol. HI. p. 394.) 
 Full of the fpirit of Juvenal and Perfius, he is confidered as the firft of our fatirical poets. 
 He introduces his celebrated work, " Virgidcmiarum" with thcfe lines^— 
 
 *' I firft adventure, follow me who lilt, 
 " And be the fecond Engliflt Satyrift." 
 
 His difapprobation of burying the dead m churches is thus exprefled in his lad will : " I Jo- 
 *' feph Hall, D. D. not worthy to be called Bifhop of Norwich, &c. Firfl., I bequeath my 
 " foul, &c. my body I leave to be interred without any funeral pomp, at the diredion of my 
 " executors, with this only monition, that / do net hold God's hotife a meet repofilory for 
 " the dead bodies of the greatcft faints." Accordingly he himfelf was buried in the church- 
 yard at Heigham near Norvvich. — Compton, Bifhop of London, entertained the fame fenti- 
 ments — " The church for the living, — the churchyard for the dead." 
 
 ■i Dr. Bryan Duppa, tranflatcd from the fee of Chichcdcr, to that of Sniifbury, was de- 
 prived of all his preferment on the breaking out of the rebellion. Having faithfully continued 
 his attendance on the king, to the time of his evcr-to-be-lamented death, he afterward re- 
 tired to Richmond in Surry, where he devoted himfelf to ftudy and devotion. At the ifeftG- 
 ration he was promoted to Winchefter ; and died, March 26, 1662. On the day preceding 
 his death, Charles II. to whom he had been preceptor, viGted him in his bed-chamber, and 
 on his bended knees implored his benediftion. " He died," fays Wood, " as he lived, 
 " honoured and beloved of all that knew him ; a perfon of fo clear and eminent candour, that 
 " ho left not the lead fpot upon his life or fundtion, maugre the hufy fedition of thofe who 
 «• then, as before, blacked the very furplicc, and made the liturgy profane."
 
 And in this enumeration of his friends, though many muft be omitted, 
 yet that man of primitive piety, Mr. George Herbert, may not : I mean 
 that George Herbert, who was the author of " The Temple, or Sacred 
 Poems and Ejaculations ;" a book, in which, by declaring his own fpiri- 
 tual conflicts, he hath comforted and raifed many a dejefted and difcom- 
 pofed foul, and charmed them into fweet and quiet thoughts ; a book, by 
 the frequent reading whereof, and the affiftance of that fpirit that feemed 
 to infpire the author, the reader may attain habits of peace and piety, and 
 all the gifts of the Holy Ghoft and heaven, and may by ftill reading, flill 
 keep thofe facred fires burning upon the altar of fo pure a heart, as fhall 
 free it from the anxieties of this world, and keep it fixed upon things that 
 are above. Betwixt this George Herbert and Dr. Donne there was a long 
 and dear friendfliip, made up by fuch a fympathy of inclinations, that they 
 coveted and joyed to be in each other's company; and this happy friend- 
 fhip was ftill maintairrcd by many facred endearments, of which that 
 which followeth may be fome teftimony. 
 
 TO MR. GEORGE HERBERT, 
 
 SENT HIM WITH ONE OF MY SEALS OF THE ANCHOR AND CHRIST. 
 
 A Jl}taf of fnahes ufed heretofore to be my feal, which is the creft of our poor family. 
 
 Qui prius afluetus ferpentum falce tabellas 
 Signare, hxc noflrse fymbola parva domus 
 Adfcitus domui domini, — 
 
 Adopted in God's family, and fo 
 My old coat loft, into new arms I go. 
 The crofs my feal in baptifm fpread below. 
 Does by that form into an anchor grow. 
 Crofles grow anchors, bear as thou fliould'ft do 
 Thy crofs, and that crofs grows an anchor too. 
 But he that makes our crofTes anchors thus. 
 Is Clirift, who there is crucify'd for us. 
 Yet" with this I may my firft ferpents hold ; 
 <God gives new blellings, and yet leaves the old) 
 The ferpent may, as wife, my pattern be, 
 My poifon, as he feeds on duft, that's me. 
 
 Q^ And
 
 Sz THE LIFE OF 
 
 And, as he rounds the earth to murder, fure 
 
 He is my death ; but on the crofs my cure. 
 
 Crucify nature then ; and then implore 
 
 All grace from him, cruclfy'd there before. 
 
 When all is crofs, and that crofs anchor grown, 
 
 This feal's a catechifm, not a feal alone. 
 
 Under that little feal great gifts I fend, 
 
 Both works and prayers, pawns and fruits of a friend. 
 
 Oh may that f.iint that rides on our great feal. 
 
 To you that bear his name large bounty deal. 
 
 JOHN DONNE. 
 
 IN SACRAM ANCHORAM PISCATORIS, 
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 
 
 Quod Crux ncquibat fixa claviquc additi, 
 Tenere Chriftum fcilicet ne afccnderet 
 Tuive Chrillum 
 
 Although the crofs could not Chrift here detain. 
 When nail'd unto't, but he afcends again -, 
 Nor yet thy eloquence here keep him flill. 
 But only whil'ft thou fpeak'fl, this anchor will: 
 Nor canft thou be content, unlefs thou to 
 This certain anchor add a feal, and fo 
 The water and the earth, both unto thee 
 Do owe the fyfiibol of their certainty. 
 Let the world reel, we and all ours (land furc, 
 This holy cable's from all ftorms fecure. 
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 
 
 I return to tell the reader, that befides thefe verfes to his dear Mr. Her- 
 bert, and that hymn that I mentioned to be fung in the Quire of St. Paul's 
 Church, he did alfo fhorten and beguile many fad hours by compohng 
 other facred ditties, and he writ an hymu on his death-bed, which bears 
 
 this title ; 
 
 AN
 
 JDHN DONNE. Sj 
 
 A HYMN TO GOD MY GOD) 
 
 IN MY SICKNESS, MARCH 23, 1630. 
 
 Since I am coming to that holy room, 
 Where, with thy quire of faints for evermore 
 I fliall be made thy mufic, as I come 
 I tune my inftrument here at the door. 
 And what I mud do tlien, think here before. 
 
 Since my phyficians by their loves are grown 
 Cofmographers j and I their map, who lie 
 Flat on this bed 
 
 So, in his purple wrapt, receive me, Lord! 
 
 By thefe his thorns, give me his other crown : 
 
 And, as to other foula I preach'd thy word, 
 
 Be this my text, my fermon to mine own, 
 
 " That he may raife, therefore the Lord throws down." 
 
 If thefe fall under the cenfure of a foul, whofe too much mixture 
 with eartli, makes it unfit to judge of thefe high raptures and illumina- 
 tions, let him know that many holy and devout men have thought the 
 foul of Prudentius' to be moft refined, w^hen not many days before his 
 
 death 
 
 ' Aurelius Prudentius Clemens, a Chriflian poet of the fourth century, was a native of 
 Spain. He fpent the earlier period of his life in more aclive fcenes, diftinguifliing himfelf 
 as an advocate at the bar, a foldier in the camp, and laftly as a courtier in the Imperial Court. 
 He attempted not to write verfes until he was advanced in years : " Tandem vera in JenecluU 
 " repulfd mtindi van'itate ad facras Scripturas fe coniulit, et Carmine ac Profd miilta utriufque 
 
 " Tejlamenti aljirtifa expofult." (J. Trithemius.) Gyraldus obferves, that in his works there 
 
 is more of religious zeal, than of the beauties of poetry, Melior cmnino Chrijlianus ejl quant 
 Poeta. In the proem to the hymns of the Cathemerinon, having defcribed his conduct in the 
 former part of his life, he declares his intention of celebrating God in daily hymns, and of 
 exercifing himfelf In difcufllng facred fubje(3:s. 
 
 " Hymnis cont'muet dies, 
 " Nee nox uUa vacet, quin Dominum canat ; 
 " Pugnet contra hsrefes ; catholicam difcutiat fidem j 
 
 " Conculcet facra gentium ; 
 " Labem, Roma, tuis inferat Idolis, 
 " Carmen Martyribus devoveat, laudet Apo(tolo>.
 
 {;+ THE LIFE OF 
 
 death " he charged it to prefent his God each morning and evening with 
 *' a new and fpiritual fong;" juftified by the example of King David and 
 the good King Hezekiah, who upon the renovation of his years paid his 
 thankful vows to Ahnighty God in a royal hymn, which he concludes in 
 thefe words, " The Lord was ready to fave, therefore I will fing my fongs 
 " to the ftringed inRrumcnts all the days of my life in the temple of my 
 « God." 
 
 The latter part of his life may be faid to be a continued ftudy ; for as he 
 ufually preached once a week, if not oftener, fo after his fermon he never 
 gave his eyes reft till he had chofcn out a new text, and that night caft his 
 fermon into a form, and his text into divifions' ; and the next day betook 
 himfelf to confult the fathers, and fo commit his meditations to his memory, 
 which was excellent. But upon Saturday he ufually gave himfelf and his 
 mind a reft from the weary burthen of his week's meditations, and ufually 
 fpent that day in vifitation of friends or fome other diverfions of his 
 thoughts ; and would fay, " that he gave both his body and mind that re- 
 *' frelhment, that he might be enabled to do the work of the day foUow- 
 " ing, not faintly, but with courage and chccrfulnefs." 
 
 Nor was his age only fo induftrious, but in the moft imfettled days of his 
 youth, his bed was not able to detain him beyond the hour of four in a 
 morning ; and it was no common bufmefs that drew him out of his 
 chamber till paft ten ; all which time was employed in ftudy, though he 
 took great liberty after it. And if this feem ftrange, it may gain a belief by 
 the vilible fruits of his labours, fome of which remain as teftimonies of 
 what is here written, for he left the refultance of 1400 authors, moft of 
 them abridged and analyfed with his own hand ; he left alio fix fcore of 
 his fermons, all written with his own hand ; alio an exa<^ and labori- 
 ous 
 
 • It wns Dr. Hammoud's mcthoil, and furely not unwoi t!iy of imitation, " After every fermon 
 " to refolve upon the enfuing fubjcd ; that being done, to purfuc the courfe of ftudy which 
 " he was then in hand with, referring the clofe of the week for the provifion for the next 
 " Lord's Day ; whereby not only a conftant progrefs was made in fcience, but materials 
 •* unawares were gained unto the immediate future work : For, he faid, be the fubjedls 
 " treated of never fo diftant, fomewhat will infallibly fivU in, conduciblc to the prefcnt pur- 
 " pofe." (Fill's Life of Dr. Hammond, i". 1 1.)
 
 JOHN DONNE. Ss 
 
 ous treatife concerning felf-murther', called " Blathanatos," wherein all 
 the laws violated by that ad are diligently furveyed, and judiciouny cen- 
 
 I'ured ; 
 
 ' We have a full account of this tractate in the two following letters. 
 
 " TO THE NOBLEST KNIGHT, 
 
 " SIR EDWARD HERBERT.. 
 
 "Sir, 
 " I make account that thys booke hath enough, perform'd y' w"^"" yt undertooke, both by: 
 " argument and example. Itt fliall therefore the lefle need to bee yttfelfe another example 
 " of y' do£trine. Itt fliall not therefore kyll yttfelfe ; that ys, not bury yttfelfe ; for if y tt fliould 
 " <lo fo, thofe.refons by w'" that a£l (hould bee defended or excus'd, were alfo loft with ytt. 
 *' Since it is content to live, ytt cannot chufc a wholfomer ayre than yo' library, where autors 
 "of all complexions are preferv'd. If any of . them grudge thys booke a roomc, and fuf- 
 " peft ytt of new or dangerous doctrine, you, who know us all, can beft moderate. To 
 " thpfe.reafons w'^'' I know your love to mee wyll make in my faver and difcharge, you may 
 " add thys. That though this doflrine hath not been tought nor defended by writers, yet they, 
 " moll of any forte of men in the world, have praclis'd ytt. 
 
 " Yo'' very true and earneft frinde, and fervant and lover, 
 
 « J. DONNE » . 
 
 This addrefs to Sir Edward Herbert, is prefixed to the original MS. of Dr. Donne's 
 ElAQANATOr, which is now prefcrvcd in the Bodleian Library and was given to that place by 
 Lord Herbert himfelf, in the year 1642, with the following infcription in capitals : 
 
 IIUNC LICRUM AB AUTHORE CUM EPISTOLA QVM TR^IT AYTorPA*n 
 DONO SIBI DATUM DUM EQUESTRIS OLIM ESSET ORDINIS EDVARDUS 
 HERBERT, JAM BARO DE CHERBURY IN ANGLIA, ET CASTRI INSULA DE 
 KERRY IN HIBERNIA, E SUA BIBLIOTHECA IN BODLEIANAM FRANSTULIT 
 MERITISS. IN ALMAM MATREM ACAD. OXON. PIETATISEL' OBSERVANTI^du- 
 
 MNHMOSYNON, M,DC,XLII. 
 
 " TO SIR ROBERT CARRE, NOW EARL OF ANKERAM, , 
 
 " with my book eia0anator, at my going into germany. 
 " Sir, 
 " I had need to do fomewhat towards you above my promifes ; How weak are my perform- 
 " ances, when eve n my promifes are defedive ? I cannot pron'!>, no not in mine ov>-n hopes, 
 " equally to your merit towards me. But befides the poems, of which you- took a promife, 
 
 " I fend
 
 So THE LIFE OF 
 
 iuied; a treatile written in his younger days, which alone might declare 
 .him then not only perfci^ in the Civil and Canon Law, but in many other 
 
 inch 
 
 *' I fend you another book, to M-liich there belongs this hjftory. It was written by mc many 
 *' years fince, and bccaufe it is upon a mifintcrprctablc fubjeft, I have always gone fo near 
 " fupprefling it, as that it is onely not burnt : No hand hath pafled upon it to copy it, nor 
 " many eyes to read it ; oncly to fome particular friends in both univerfities then when I writ 
 " it did I communicate it; and I remember I had this anfwer, that certainly there was afalfe 
 " thread in it, but not eafdy found Keep it, I pray, with the fame jealoufie ; let any 
 " that your difcretion admits to the fight of it know tlic date of it, and that it is a book 
 " written by Jack Donne, and not by Dr. Donne. Refervc it for me if I live, and if I cue I 
 *' only forbid it the prefle and the fire : Publifli it not, but yet burn' it" not ; aiKl between thofc 
 " do what you will with it. Love me ftill thus far for your own fake, that when you with- 
 " draw your love from me, you will find fo many unworthinefles in me, as you grow afhamed 
 " of having had fo long and fo much, fuch a thing as 
 
 ■ " Your poor fervt. in Clir. Jcf. 
 
 " J. DONNE." 
 
 It vi-as firft publlrticd by authority in 1644, and dedicated by his fon, John Donne, to Lord 
 Philip Herbert. In this dedication he afllgns the reafon of his difobedicnce to his father's order. 
 " It was writ long fince by my father, and by him forbid both the prefle and the fire ; neither 
 " had I fubjedled it now to the publique view, but that I could finde no certain way to defend 
 " it from the one, but by committing it to the other ; for fince the beginning of this war my 
 " ftudy having been often fearched, all my books (and al-moft my braines, by their continuall 
 " allarums) fequeftered for the ufe of the committee ; two dangers appeared more eminently 
 " to hover over this, being then a manufcript ; a danger of being utterly loft, and a danger 
 " of being utterly found, and fathered by fome of thofe wild atheifts, who, as if they came 
 " into the.v/orld by conqueft, owne all other men's wits, and are refolved tobe learned in 
 " defpite of their ftarres, that would fairely have enclined them to a more modeft and honeft 
 *' courfe of life." The fyftem advanced in this book has been accurately examined, and with 
 great ftrength of argument refuted by the Rev. Charles Moore, in his " Full Enquiry into the 
 Subjefl of Suicide," vol. I. p. 83, — 103, and vol. II. p. i, — 41. The learned author of that 
 excellent work, in his letter, dated Jan. 27, r794, informs me, that fince its publication he 
 has feen a fmall tra£l, called " Life's Prefervativt againfl Self-killing, &c. by John Syer, 
 Minifter of Leigh inEflex, London, 1637," which, though pubiifhed after Dr. Donne's death, 
 yet before the Biathanatos appeared, is in effe£t a very full and complete anfwer to it, written 
 in its own method of fcholaftic diviUons and fub-divifions, ad infinitum. 
 
 The following extrad, containing a (hort criticifm on this work of Donne, will not be un- 
 acceptable to the learned reader. " Donne, docteur Angolis et fjavant Theologien de ce 
 
 " fiecle.
 
 JOHN DONNE. 8/ 
 
 fuch ftudlcs and arguments, as enter not into the confideration of many 
 that labour to be thought great clerks, and pretend to know all things. 
 
 Nor were thefe only found in his ftudy, but all bufinelfcs that paffed of 
 any public confequence, cither in this or any of our neighbour-nations, 
 he abbreviated either in Latin, or in the language of that nation, and kept 
 them by him for ufeful memorials : So he did the copies of divers letters 
 and cafes of confcience that had concerned his friends, with his obferva- 
 tions and folutions of them, and divers other buhnelTes of importance, 
 all particularly and methodically digeftcd by himfelf. 
 
 He did prepare to leave the world before life left him, making his vnW 
 when no faculty of his foul was damped or made defective by pain or 
 ficknefs, or he furprifed by a fudden apprehenfion of death ; "but it was 
 made with mature deliberation, expreliing himfelf an impartial father by 
 making his children's portions equal, and a lover of his friends, whom he 
 remembered with legacies fitly and difcreetly chofen and bequeathed. I 
 cannot forbear a nomination of fome of them ; for, methinks, they be per- 
 fons that feem to challenge a recordation in this place ; as namely, to his 
 brother-in-law Sir Thomas Grimes, he gave that ftriking clock " which he 
 had long worn in his pocket ; to his dear friend and executor Dr. King 
 (late Bilhop of Chichefter), that model of gold of the Synod of Dort'', 
 
 with 
 
 " ficcle, eft connu par iin livrc en fa langue, imprimc a Londres fous ce litre : Bia9jtr«To«. 
 *' C'efl; une efpece d'apologle du Suicide. II cite, pour appuycr fes dangereufes idees, Vexam- 
 " pic (I'un grand nombrc dc heros paiens, enfuite celui de quelques faints dc I'ancien Tefla- 
 " ment, d'line foule de martyrs, dc confeffeurs, de penitens, &c. Jefus Chrift mcme eft 
 " amenc en prcuve de fon fyfteme. Un livrc aufli extraordinaire n'empeche pas I'auteur de 
 " deveuir Doyen de S. Paul, parce qu'il fut regards comme une forte de ccnfolation qu'il 
 " Youloit donner a fes compatriots, que la melancolie jette fouvent dans cette fureur." — 
 ( Noiiver.u. DIB. HiJ}.~Caen. 1783.) 
 
 " Charles I. on the morning of his execution, prcfcnted his attendant, Mr. Thomas Her-- 
 bert, witii h\%filver dock. 
 
 * The States General direded a gold medal to be ftruck in commemoration of the Synod 
 held at Dort. On one fide is reprefented the Affembly of the Synod, with this infcription, 
 " ASSERT A RELIGIONE." On the rcverfc, a mountain, on the fummit cf which is a 
 
 temple.
 
 i*? T*[E LIFE OF 
 
 with which the Stales prcfcnted him at his laR being at the Hiiguc ; -ancl 
 the two pictures of Padre Paolo", and Fiilgentio', nicn of his acquaintance 
 
 when 
 
 temple, to which men are afccnding along a very Iteep path. The four winds arc blowing 
 with great violence againft the mountain. Above the temple is written the word JEHOVAH, 
 in Hebrew charaacrs. The infcription is " ERUNT UT MONS SIGN. CIDCXIX. 
 Thefe winds are intended to reprefent thofe who at that time much difturbed the tranquillity 
 of the church. ( Hijioire Metallique de la Republiqiie de Hollande, par M, Bizot. tow. I. p. 139.) 
 
 T " Let me be bold to fend you for a new-year's gift, a certain memorial, not altogether 
 " unworthy of fome entertainment under your roof, a true pl^ure of Padre Paolo the Ser- 
 *' vita, which was firft taken by a painter, whom I fent utito him from my houfe then neigh- 
 *• bouring his monaftery. I have newly added theJreuhto a title of mine own conception. 
 " • Concilii Tridentini Evifcerator.' You will find a fear in his face, that was from a Roman 
 " affafiinate that would have killed him as he was turned to a wall near his convent." (Sir 
 Henry Wcttoii's Ltt.'ir to Dr. Samuel Collins, Provojl of King's College, and Profcjfor Regius of 
 Divinity, Jan. 17, 1 63 7.) 
 
 In this letter the charafler of Father Paul is drawn in fuch pleafing colours, that the reader 
 cannot be difpleafed with a tranfeript of 'it. " I am defirous of characlcrifmg a little unto 
 " you fuch part of his nature, cuftomes, and abilities, as I liad occafion to know by (ight or 
 " by inquiry. He was one of the humbleft: things that could be feen within the bounds of 
 •' humanity ; the very pattern of that; precept ' .^lanto dociior tanto fubmiffior,' and enough 
 " alone to demohftrate, that knowledge well digcfted non injlat. Excellent in pofitive, cxcel- 
 •' lent in fcholallical and polemical Divinity ; a rare mathematician, even in the molt ab- 
 " ftrufe parts thereof, as in Algebra -and the Theori^ues ; and yet withal fo expert in the 
 " liiftory of plants, as if he had never perufed any- book but Nature. Laflly, a great Canonifl, 
 " which was the title of his ordinary fervice with the ftate ; and certainly in the time of the 
 " Pope's interdict they had their principal light from hifn. When he was either reading or 
 " writing alone, his manner was to fit fenced with a caftle of paper about his chair and over 
 "head; for he was of our Lord of St. Alban's thinking, ' That all air is pradatory,' and 
 •' cfpecially hurtful when the fpirits are moft employed. He was of a quiet and fettled tem- 
 " per, which made him prompt in his counfels and anfwers, and the fame in confultation 
 ' " which Themiflocles was in aclion «i,TO!r;t*^"» ^**» "x«»«t»ti);." 
 
 * The friend and biographer of Father Paul, and celebrated for the dignity and freedom 
 ■with which he preached the pure word of God. Of the real exellence of his difcourfes, no 
 better teflimony can be adduced than the declaration of Pope Paul V. " He has indeed fome 
 *' good fermons, but bad ones witliai ; He (lands too much upon Scripture, which is a book 
 
 " that
 
 JOHN DONNE. 89 
 
 when he travelled Italy, and of great note in that nation for their remark- 
 able learning. — To his ancient friend, Dr. Brook (that married him) Mailer 
 of Trinity College in Cambridge, he gave the pidure of the bleffed Virgin 
 and Joleph. — To Dr. \Vinniff(who.fucceedcd him in his deanery) he gave 
 a pifture called the " Skeleton."— To the fucceeding dean, who was not 
 then known, he gave many necelTaries of worth, and ufeful for his houfc; 
 and alfo feveral pidtures and ornaments for the chapel, with a defire that 
 they might be regiftercd, and remain as a legacy to his fucccflbrs. — To the 
 Earls of Dorfet and Carlille, he gave feveral piclures, and fo he did to many 
 other friends j legacies, given rather to exprefs his affeclion than to make 
 any addition to their ellates : But unto the poor he was full of charity, and 
 unto many others, who, by his conllaat and long-continued bounty, might 
 entitle themfelves to be his alms-people ; for all thefe he made proviiion, 
 and fo largely, as, having then fix children living, might to fome appear 
 more than proportionable to his eltate. 1 forbear to mention any more, 
 left the reader may think I irefpafs upon his patience; but 1 will beg hio. 
 favour to prefent him with the begimiing and end of his will. . 
 
 31JT3 tf)c name Of ttc blclfcti anD gloiioiis Ccinitp, amen. 3i Jobn' 
 Donne, t)p ti)e mcrcg Of €hxin Jefus, anD bj) the caiiinj of tf)c Cburcb 
 of CnglanD, Wt^^ i'cing at tW time in gooD l)ealtb mv perfcft imr)cr= 
 Gantiing (p?aifcti be actJ tf)crcfo?e) tJO f)cretjp mafee mg lafl (Kiill anD Cefta- 
 ment, in the manner anD fo?m foUolnmg : 
 
 jrirfl, 3f 5ivic mv gracious! ®oD an entire facrifilcc of fcoDp anD foul, 
 tcitb my mca huvMc thanks fo? tfjat afliirance tubiclj bis 'IBldfcD Spirit 
 imprints in mc noto of tbc f<duation of tf)c one, anD tbe refurrcftion of 
 t&e otI;crj anD fcj itat conttant anD ctccrfiil refolution tefjicb t\it fame 
 Spirit batb eflabUIIjeD in me to litic anD Die in tde religion noto piofeffeD 
 
 R in 
 
 " that if any man will keep clofe to, he will quite ruin the Catholic Faith." (Fatkr Paul's 
 Letters, Let. XXVL) Induced by fome fpecious promifes of the Pope's Nuncio to leave 
 Venice, and under a fife conduft to go to Rome, he at firft met with a kind reception, but 
 was afterwards burnt in the Field of Flora. (Fuller's Church Hijl. Cent. XFIL B. X. p. 98.)
 
 go THE LIFE OF 
 
 in ti)z C&urcfj of oBnglanti. 3In crpcftation of that I'cfurreftloH, % Dcfitc 
 mv l)0tip may he fiuricn in tfjc moft p?it)atc manner tbat map Oc; in tfjat 
 place of ^t. Paul's Cburclj, lonDon, tfjat tfjc noU) iRefiDentiarics fjaue 
 
 at my rcaueft DcfigneD fo? t()at purpofc, (ic. ant) tbis mp lafl mm 
 
 anD Ccaament, mane in t^c fear of (&oD, (tofjofe Tnerc]) 31 fjumbly Oeg, 
 ann fonflantlp rcli) upon in 3efu0 Cbciil), anD in pcrfeft loijc antj cfjaritp 
 toitt) all tfjc iuo?lD (lufjofc parDon ^ ash, from tijc loiueft of mv fcruants, 
 to t&c fjigfjea of mj? fupcrio?0), lurittcn all Uiitb my oten bano, anO my 
 name fubfcribeo to ctierp page, of ItJfjicf) tDere are fitie in numfjcr, 
 .^ealeo Dcceml). 13, 1630. 
 
 Nor was tliis blefled facrifice of charity cxprefled only at his death, but 
 in his life alfo, by a cheerful and frequent vilitation of any friend whofe 
 mind was dejedted, or his fortune neceflitous ; he was inquifitive after the 
 .wants of prifoners and redeemed many from prifon that- lay for their fees 
 or fmall debts ; he was a continual giver to poor fchokrs, both of this and 
 foreign nations. Befidcs what he gave with his own hand, he ufually feut 
 a fervant, or a difcreet and trufty friend, to diftribute his- charity to all the 
 prifons in London, at all the feilival times of .the year, efpecially at the 
 birth and refurredtion of our Saviour. He gav€ a hundred pounds at one 
 time to an old friend, whom he had known live plentifully, and by a too 
 liberal heart and carelcfnefs, became decayed, in his eflate ; and when the 
 receiving of it was denied, by the gentleman faying, "He wanted not ;" — 
 for the reader may note, that as there be fome fpirits.fo. generous as to la- 
 bour to conceal and endure a fad poverty rather thanexpole themfelves to 
 thofe blufhes that attend the confeffion of it, fo there be others to whom 
 nature arid grace have afforded fuch fweet and companionate fouls, as to 
 pity and prevent the diftreifes of mankind, which I have mentioned becaufe 
 of Dr. Donne's reply, whofe anfwer was,-^"I know you want not what 
 • ' will fuftain nature, for a little will do that ; but my defire is, that you, 
 " who in the days of your plenty have cheered and raifed the hearts of fo 
 " many of your dcjcdted friends, would now receive this from me, and 
 '* ufe it as a cordial for the cheering cf your own :" And upon thefe terms 
 
 it
 
 JOHN DONNE. gt 
 
 it was received. He was a happy reconciler of many differences in the 
 fiimilies of his friends and kindred (which he never undertook faintly, for 
 fuch undertakings have ullially faint effects), and they had fuch a faith in his 
 judgment and impartiality, that he never advifed them to any thing in vain. 
 He was, even to her death, a mod; dutiful fon to his mother, careful to pro- 
 vide for her fupportation, of which fhe had been deftitute, but that God 
 raifed him up to prevent her neceffities, who having fucked in the religion 
 of the Roman Church with her mother's milk, fpent her eftate in foreign 
 countries, to enjoy a liberty in it, and died in his houfe but three months 
 before him. 
 
 And to the end it may appear how juft a fteward he was of his Lord 
 and Mailer's revenue, I have thought fit to let the reader know, that after 
 his entrance into his deanery, as- he numbered his years, he (at the foot of 
 a private account, to which God and his angels were only witnelTes with, 
 him,) computed firft his revenue, then what was given to the poor and 
 other pious- ufcs ; and laftly, what refled for him and his; and, having 
 done that, he then blefled each year's poor remainder with a thankful 
 prayer: which, for that they difcover a more than common devotion, the 
 reader fhall partake fome of them in his own words : 
 
 " So all is that remains this year- 
 
 " Deo Opt. Max. benigno 
 " Largitori, a me, et ab iis 
 " Quibus hxc a mc refervantur,. 
 " Gloria et gratia in ssternum. 
 « Amen." 
 
 " So that this year God hath blefTed me and mine v.-ith' 
 
 " Multiplicatx funt fuper 
 " Nos mifericordix tux 
 " Domine. . 
 
 " Da Domino, ut qux ex immensi 
 ** Bonitate tua nobis elargiri 
 
 " Dignatus,
 
 9« THE LIFE OF 
 
 *' Dignatus fis, in quorumcuuque 
 " Manus devencrint, in tuam 
 " Semper cedant glorlam. 
 
 " Amen." 
 
 *' In line horum fex annorum manet- 
 
 " Quid habeo quod non acccpi a Domino ? 
 " Largitur etlam ut quve. largitus eft 
 " Sua itcrum fiant, bono corum ufu ; ut 
 " Quemadmodum nee offieiis liujus mundi, 
 " Nee loci in quo me pofuit dignitati, nee 
 " Servis, nee egenis, in toto hujus anni 
 '* Curriculo milii confcius fum me deiuiflc : 
 " Ita et liberi, quibus qux fupcrfunt, 
 " Supcrfunt, grato animo ea accipiant, 
 " Et bencficum authorem recognofcant. 
 • " Amen." 
 
 "But I return from my long digrcflion. Wc left the author fick in 
 
 EfTex, where he was forced to fpend much of that whiter, by reafoii of his 
 difability to remove from that place ; and having never for almoft twenty 
 years omitted his pcrfonal attendance on his Majefly in that month in 
 which he was to attend and preach to him, nor having ever been left out 
 of the roll and number of Lent-preachers, and there being then (in January 
 1 630) a report brought to London, or raifed there, that Dr. Donne was 
 dead, that report gave him occafion to write the following letter to a 
 dear friend : 
 
 " Sir, — This advantage you and my other friends have by my frequent 
 " fevers, tjiat I am fo much the oftener at the gates of heaven ; and this 
 •' advantage by the folitude and clofe Imprifonment that they reduce me to 
 *' after, that I am fo much the oftener at my prayers, in which I Ihall never 
 *' leave out your happinefs, and I doubt not among his other bleffings, 
 " God will add fome one to you for my prayers. A man would almoft be 
 " content to die, if there were no other benefit in death, to hear of fo much 
 
 " forrow
 
 JOHN DONKE, gj 
 
 " forrow and fo much good teftimony from good men as I (God be 
 " bleflfed for it) did upon the report of my death ; yet I perceive it went 
 " not through all, for one writ to me that fome (and he faid of ray friends) 
 " conceived I was not fo ill as I pretended, but withdrew myfelf to live at 
 *' eafe, difcharged of preaching. It is an unfriendly, and, God knows, an 
 " ill-grounded interpretation ; for I have always been forrier when 
 " I could not preach, than any could be they could not hear me. It hath 
 " been my defire, and God may be plcafed to grant it, that I might die in 
 " the pulpit; if not that, yet that I might take my death in the pulpit; 
 *' that is, die the fooner by occafion of thofe labours. Sir, I hope to fee 
 •' you prefently after Candlemas, about which time will fall my Lent- 
 *' fermon at court, except my Lord Chamberlain believe me to be dead, 
 " and fo leave me out of the roll ; but as long as I live, and am not fpeech- 
 " lefs, I would not wilUngly decline diat fervice. I have better leifure to 
 " write than you to read, yet I would not willingly opprefs you with to© 
 " much letter. God fo blefs you and your fon, as I wifli to 
 . , " Your poor friend, 
 
 " And fervant in Chrift Jefus, 
 
 " J. DONNE." 
 
 Before that month ended he was appointed to preach upon his old con- 
 flant day, the firft Friday in Lent : He had notice of it, and had in his fick- 
 nefs fo prepared for that employment, that as he had long thirfted for it, 
 fo he refolved his weaknefs Ihould not hinder his journey ; he came there- 
 fore to London fome few days before his appointed day of preaching. At 
 his coming thither, many of his friends (who with forrow faw his ficknefs 
 had left him but fo much flefh as did only cover his bones) doubted his 
 flrength to perform that talk, and did therefore difTuade him from ir, 
 affuring him, however, it was likely to fhorten his life; but he paflionately 
 denied their requefts, faying, " He would not doubt that that God, who 
 " in fo many weakneffes had affifted him with an unexpected flrength, 
 " would now withdraw it in his lad employment, profelTmg an holy am- 
 " bition to perform that facred work." And when, to the amazement of 
 fome beholders, he appeared la the pulpit, many of them thought he pre-' 
 
 fented
 
 94- 1'HE LIFE OF 
 
 fcntcd himfelf not to preach mortification by a living voice, but mortality 
 by a decayed body and a dying face. And doiibtlefs many did fecretly 
 afk that queftion in Ezekiel, (chap, xxxvii. 3.) " Do thefc bones live? or, 
 " can that foul organize that tongue to fpeak fo long time as the fand in 
 " that glafs' will move towards its centre, and meafure out an hour of 
 " this dying man's unfpent life ? Doubtlefs it cannot :" And yet, after fome 
 faint paufes in his zealous prayer, his ftrong defires enabled his weak body 
 to difcharge his memory of his preconceived meditations, which were of 
 dying ; the text being, " To God the Lord belong the iilues from death." 
 Many that then faw his tears, and heard his faint and hollow voice, pro- 
 fefling they thought the text prophetically chofen, and that Dr. Donne 
 had preached his own funeral fermon "*. 
 
 Being full of joy that God had enabled him to perform this defired duty, 
 he haftened to his houfe, out of which he never moved, till, like St. Stephen^^ 
 " he was carried by devout men to his grave." 
 
 The 
 
 =" The reader will rccollecl the cuftom which then prevailed, of regulating the time of 
 preaching by the hour-glafs, which was ufually placed at the right-hand of the preacher. In 
 allufion to tliis cuftom, a preacher at Cambridge calls himfelf " A watchman for an hour in 
 " the towre of the univerfity." (F::llei's Univ. of Cambridge, p, 159.) Dr. Donne thus be- 
 gins his difcourfe on i Tim. ill. 16. — " This is no text for an hour-glafs: If God wouFd af- 
 •' ford me Hezekiah's fign, ut revevtnttir umbra, that the fjiadow might go backward upon 
 " the dial, or Joduia's fign, lit Jijlat Sol, that the fun might (land ftill all the day, this were 
 ** text enough to employ all the day, and all the days of our life." Again, on Pf. xxxli. 6. — 
 " You would not be weary of reading a long conveyance, in which the land were given to 
 " yourfelvcs ; nor of a long will, in which the body of the State were bequeathed to you. 
 " Be not weary, if at any time your patience be exercifed fome minutes beyond the threcfcoref 
 •' fometime beyond the hour, in thefc exercifes ; for wc exhibit conveyance, in which the land, 
 *' the land of promife is made yours, and the teftament, in which tlie teftator himfelf is 
 
 " bequeathed to you." It appears from the accounts of modern travellers, that in fome of 
 
 the Proteftant churches in Switzerland the hour-glafs is ftill retained to dirc£l the length of 
 the preacher's difcourfe. (Gray^s Letters during the Courfe of a Tour through Germany, p. 131.) 
 
 •> This difcourfe was printed at London in 1633, in 4to. under the quaint title of " Death's 
 Duel, or a Confolatlon to the Soule againfl the Dying Life and Living Death of the Body." 
 The text is from Pf. Isvjii. 20. It 13 tlie lall difgourfe in the third volume of Dr. Donne's 
 Sermons.
 
 JOHN DONN'£. 95 
 
 The next day after his fernion, his ftrength being much wafted, and his 
 fpirits fo fpent as indifpofed him to bufmefs or to talk, a friend that had 
 often been a witnefs of liis free and facetious difcourfe, afked him, " Why 
 " are you fad ?" To whom he rephed, with a countenance fo full of cheerful 
 gravity, as gave teftimony of an inward tranquillity of mind, and of a 
 foul willing to take a farewel of this world ; and fald 
 
 " I am not fad, but moft of the night paft I have entertained myfelf with 
 *' many thoughts of feveral friends that have left me here, and arc gone to 
 " that place from which they Jhall not return ; and that within a few days / 
 '■'' fjall go hence and be no more feen. And my preparation for this change 
 " is become my nightly meditation upon my bed, which my infirmities 
 " have now made reftlefs to me : But at this prefent time I was in a ferious 
 " contemplation of the providence and goodnefs of God to me ; to me, ijoho 
 " am Icfs than the leajl of bis mercies ; and looking back upon my life paft, 
 " I now plainly fee it was his hand that prevented me from all temporal 
 " employment, and that it was his will I fhould never fettle or thrive till 
 " I entered into the miniftry ; in w^hich I have now lived almoft twenty 
 " years (I hojoe to his glory), and by which I moft humbly thank him, I 
 " have been enabled to requite moft of thofe friends which Ihewed m.e 
 " kindnefs when my fortune was very low^ as God knows it was, and 
 '* (as it hath occafioned the expreflion of my gratitude) I thank God moft 
 " of them have ftood in need of my requital. I have lived to be ufeful 
 " and comfortable to my good father-in-law, Sir George Moore, whofe 
 " patience God hath been pleafed to exercife with many temporal crofles ; 
 " I have maintained my own mother, whom it hath pleafed God, after aplen- 
 " tiful fortune in her younger days, to bring to a great decay in her very old 
 *' age. I have quieted the confciences of many that have groaned under 
 " the burthen of a wounded fpirit, whofe prayers I hope are available for 
 " me. I cannot plea.d innocency of life, efpecially of my youth ; but I am 
 *' to be judged by a merciful God, who is not wilting to fee what I have 
 " done amifs : And though of myfelf 1 have nothing to prefent to him but 
 " fins and mifery, yet I know he looks not upon me now as I am of my- 
 *' felf, but as I am in my Saviour, and hath given me even at this prefent 
 
 " time
 
 gG THE LIFE OF 
 
 *' time fome teftimonles by his Holy Spirit, that I am ofthe number of his 
 *' eledt : I am therefore full of inexprejfible joy^ andJJjalldie in peace J" 
 
 I mud here look fo far back, as to tell the reader, that at his firft return 
 out of Eflex, to preach his laft fermon, his old friend and phylician, 
 Dr. Fox, a man of great worth, came to him to confult his health, and 
 that after a fight of him, and fome queries concerning his diftempers, he 
 told him, " That by cordials, and drinking milk twenty days together, 
 " there was a probability of his reftoration to health, but he pallionately 
 *' denied to drink it." Neverthelefs, Dr. Fox, who loved him moft en- 
 tirely, wearied him with felicitations, till he yielded to take it for ten days, 
 at the end of which time he told Dr. Fox, " He had drunk it more to 
 *' fatisfy him, than, to recover his health ; and that he would not drink it 
 *' ten days longer upon the bell moral aifurancc of having twenty years 
 " added to his life, for he loved it not, and was fo far from fearing death, 
 *' which to others is the King of Terrors, that he longed for the day of his 
 *' diflblution'." 
 
 It is obferved, that a defire of glory or commendation is rooted in tlie 
 very nature of man; and that thole of the fcvereft and moft mortified 
 lives, though they may become fo humble as to banifh felf-flattery, and 
 fuch weeds as naturally grow there ; yet they have not been able to kill 
 this defire of glory, but that, like our radical heat, it will both live and 
 
 die 
 
 ^ Dr. Donne feems to have entertained an indiiFcrence to and an alienation from every 
 fecular purfuit. In the various fcenes of his macurer life, he has his attention principally 
 fixed upon another and a better ftate. His defires and affeclions being mortified and entirely 
 fubdued, he familiarizes to his thoughts the idea of death. Hence he expreni's not merely 
 an acquiefcence in the difpenfations of God calling him away from this world, but even an 
 unwillingnefs to live ; and by that very extraordinary mode of reprefentation, which his 
 biographer has recorded, he reconciles and endears to himfclf the ajjproaching moment of his 
 diflblution. But fuch a conduct will not be purfued by the generality of mankind. We are 
 indeed influenced by every religious and moral principle to afpire after length of days and an 
 honourable old age ; when we languifli on the bed of ficknefs, to bear the agonies of paia 
 with the confoling hopes of being reftored to health, not to rejedt the probable remedies which 
 medicinal lliill propofes for extinguifi lug difeafe and protradliiig life. This difpofition, joined 
 with a cheerful and ready config.iaicnt of our ftate to the will of God, and a jull fenfe of the 
 fmall value of all earthly enjoyments, is furely not unworthy of the Chriftian chara<Ster.
 
 JOHN DONNE. 97 
 
 die with us, and many think it fhould do fo ; and we want, not facred ex- 
 amples to juftify the defire of having our memory to out-live our lives, 
 which I mention becaufe Dr. Donne, by the perfuafion of Dr. Fox, eafily 
 yielded at this very time to have a monument made for him ; but Dr. Fox 
 undertook not to perfuade him how or what monument it ihould be; that 
 was left to Dr. Donne himfelf. 
 
 A monument being reiblved upon, Dr. Donne fent for a carver to make 
 for him in wood the figure of an urn, giving him directions for the com- 
 pafs and height of it; and to bring with it a board of the juft height of 
 his body. Thefe being got ; then, without delay, a choice painter was got 
 
 to be in readinefs to draw his pidlure, which was taken as followeth. 
 
 Several charcoal-fires being firft made in his large ftudy, he brought with 
 him into that place his winding-fheet in his hand ; and having put off all 
 his clothes, had this fheet put on him, and fo tied with knots at his head 
 and feet, and his hands fo placed as dead bodies are ufually fitted to be 
 fhrowded and put into their coffin or grave. Upon this urn he thus ftood, 
 with his eyes fhut, and with fo much of the fheet turned afide, as might 
 fhew his lean, pale, and death-like face, which was piirpofely turned to- 
 ward the eafl, from whence he expedled the fecond coming of his and our 
 Saviour Jefus. In this pollure he was drawn at his jufl height ; and when 
 the pidure was fully finifhed, he caufed it to be fet by his bed-fide, where 
 it continued, and became his hourly object till his death, and was then 
 given to his dearefl: friend and executor, Dodtor Henry King, then chief 
 Refidentiary of St. Paul's, who caufed him to be thus carved in one entire 
 piece of white marble % as it now ftands in that church ; and by Dodor 
 
 S Donne's 
 
 "i " In 1631 I made a tombe for Dr. Donne, and fcttc it up in St. Paul's, London, for 
 " which I was paid by Dr. Mountford the fum of £110. I took £60 in plate, in part of 
 
 "payment. (From a Copy of the Pocht-Book of Nicholas Stone.) « 1631, Humphrey 
 
 «' Mayor, a workman employed under Stone, finiflu the ftatue for Dr. Donne's monument, 
 ";^"8:o:o." (Ibid.) 
 
 On the fouth-fide of the Choir in St. Paul's Cathedra!, ftood a white marble monument, 
 with the Eguve of Dr. Donne, in his fhrowd, ftanding ere£V, his feet in an urn, and placed in 
 a nich. Speed calls it " A White Marble Statue on an Urn." Above are the arms of the 
 deanery, impaled with his own, viz, a woLr faliant. The concluding lines of the in- 
 
 fcriptioii
 
 95 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Donne's own appointment, thefe words were to be afTiMcd to It as his 
 epitaph; 
 
 JOHANNES DONNE, 
 
 SAC. THEOL. PROFESS. 
 
 POST VARIA STUDIA QUIBUS AB ANNIS TENERRIMIS 
 
 FIDELITER, NEC INFELICITER INCUBUIT ; 
 
 INSTINCTU ET IMPULSU SP. SANCTI, MONITU 
 
 ET HORTATU 
 
 REGIS JACOBI, ORDINES SACROS AMPLEXUS 
 
 ANNO SUI JESU, MDCXIV. ET SUiE iETATIS XLII. 
 
 DECANATU HUJUS ECCLESI^ INDUTUS 
 
 XXVII NOVEMBRIS, MDCXXI. 
 
 vEXUTUS MORTE ULTIMO DIE MARTII MDCXXXI. 
 
 HIC LICET IN OCCIDUO CINERE ASPICIT EUM 
 
 CUJUS NOMEN EST ORIENS. 
 
 And now having brought him through the many labyrinths and per- 
 plexities of a various life, even to the gates of death and the grave, my 
 defire is, he may reft till I have told my reader, that I have feen many 
 pidtures of him, in feveral habits, and at feveral ages, and in feveral 
 poftures : And I now mention this, becaufe I have feen one pidure of 
 him, drawn by a curious hand at his age of eighteen, with his fword and 
 
 what 
 
 fcription evidently allude to his polture. " He was looking toward the eaft, from whence 
 *' he expe£led his Saviour." The critical reader will remember, that in 7.i'ch. vi. I2. the paffagc 
 alluded to, fliould be rendered " Behold the Man, whofe name is the branch," which the 
 Seventy-Two tranflate 'A»aTo7,n «»of4<» «vts, — and the Vulgate " Oriens nomen ejus."
 
 JOHLANNES DONKE. 
 
 Noil am lit > M»
 
 JOHN DONNE. ST 
 
 •what other adornments might then fuit with thepreient fafiiions of youthy 
 and the giddy gayeties of that age ; and his motto then wau 
 
 " How much fliall I be changM, 
 " iJefore I am chang'd'!" 
 
 And if that young, and his now dying pldure, were at this time fet 
 together, every beholder might fay, " Lord ! how much is Dr. Donne 
 *' already changed, before he is changed ?" And the view of them might 
 give my reader occafion to afk himfelf with fome amazement, " Lord ! 
 " how much may I alio that am now in health be changed, before I am 
 " changed ; before this vile, this changeable body fliall put off mortality ?" 
 and therefore to prepare for it. But this is not writ fo much for my 
 reader's memento, as to tell him, thai Dr. Donne would often in his private 
 difcourfes, and often publicly in his fermons, mention the many changes 
 both of his body and mind j efpecially of his mind from a vertiginous 
 giddinefs ; and would as often fay, " His great and moft bleffed change 
 " was from a temporal to a fpiritual employment ;" in which he was fa 
 happy, that he accounted the former part of his life to be loft, and the 
 beginning of it to be from his firft entering into facred orders, and ferving 
 his moft merciful God at his altar. 
 
 Upon Monday, after the drawing this pidure, he took his laft leave of 
 his beloved ftudy ; and being fenfible of his hourly decay, retired himfelf 
 to his bed-chamber, and that v/cek fent at feveral times for many of his 
 
 S 2 mcfl 
 
 • " Antes muerta que mudada." The words nntes i>iu$ria que niiidada are fuppofed by a 
 Spanilh author to have been originally written on the fand by a lady promifmg fidelity to her 
 lover. The following lines were compofed by Mr. Ifaac Walton, and infcribed under the 
 Pfint taken from this pi<Sl:ure, and prefixed to an edition of Dr. Donne's Poems in 1639. 
 
 " This was for youth, ftrength, mirth, .ind wit, that time 
 
 " Moft count their golden .ige, but was not thine. 
 
 " Thine v as thy later years, fo much refin'd 
 
 " From \outirs drofs, mirth and wit, as thy pure mind 
 
 " Thought (like the angels) nothing but the praife 
 
 " Of thy Creator, in thofe laft beft days. 
 
 " Witnefs this book thy emblem, which begins 
 
 •'•With love, but ends with fighs and tears for fms.'"
 
 1=0 THE LIFE OF 
 
 mofl coafiJerablc friends, with whom he took a folemn and deliberate 
 farewel, commending to their confideiations fome lentences uleful for 
 the regulation of their lives, and then difmifled them, as good Jacob did 
 his fons, with a fpiritual bcnedi-ftion. The Sunday following, he appointed 
 his fervants, that if there were any bufinefs yet undone that concerned hini 
 or themfelves, it flioidd be prepared againft Saturday next : for after that 
 day he Avould not mix his thoughts with any thing that concerned this 
 world ; nor ever did ;— but, as Job, fo he " waited for the appointed day 
 " of his dilTolution." 
 
 And now he was fo happy as to have nothing to do but to die ; to do 
 which, he ftood in need of no longer time; for he had ftudied it long, and 
 to fo happy a perfection, that in a former ficknefs he called God to 
 witnefs (in his Book of Devotions written then) " He was that minute 
 " ready to deliver his foul into his hands, if that minute God would de- 
 *' termine his diflblution." In that ficknefs he begged of God the con- 
 ftancy to be prefervcd in that eftatc for ever: And his patient cxpedlation 
 to have his immortal foul dilrobed from her garment of mortality, makes 
 me confident, that he now had a modeft afllirance that his prayers were 
 then heard, and his petition granted. He lay fifteen days earneftly ex- 
 ped.ing his hourly change, and in the lafl hour of his lafl day, as his body 
 melted away and vapoured into fpirit, his foul having, I verily believe, 
 fome revelation of the Beatifical Vifion, he faid, " I were miferable if I 
 *' might not die," and after thofe words clofed many periods of his faint 
 breath by faying often, " Thy kingdom come, thy will be done." His 
 fpeech, which had long been his ready and faithful fervant, left him not 
 till the laft minute of his life, and then forfook him, not to ferve another 
 mafter (for who fpeaks like him), but died before him, for that it was 
 then become ufelefs to him that now converfed with God on earth, as 
 'angels are faid to do in heaven, only by thoughts and looks. Being fpeech- 
 lefs, and feeing heaven by that illumination by which he faw it, he did, 
 as St. Stephen, " Look fteadfaftly into it, till he faw the Son of Man, ftand 
 *' ing at the right-hand of God his father ;" and, being fatislied with this 
 bleffed fight, as his foul afcended, and his laft breath departed from him, 
 .lie clofed his own eyes, and then difpofed his hands and body into fuch a 
 
 pofture
 
 JOHN DONNE. loi 
 
 poflure as required not the leaft alteration by thofe that came to fhrowd 
 him. 
 
 Thus VARIABLE, thus VIRTUOUS was the life; thus excellent, thus 
 EXEMPLARY was the death of this memorable man. 
 
 He was buried in that place of St. Paul's Church, which he had ap- 
 pointed for that ufe fome years before his death, and by which he pafled 
 daily to pay his public devotions to Almighty God (who was then ferved 
 twice a day by a public form of prayer and praifes in that place) ; but he 
 was not buried privately, though he defired it; for, befide an unnumbered 
 number of others, many perfons of nobility, and of eminency for learning, 
 who did love and honour him in his life, did fhew it at his death, by a 
 voluntary and fad attendance of his body to the grave, where nothing was 
 fo remarkable as a public forrow. 
 
 To which place of his burial fome mournful friend repaired, and, as 
 Alexander the Great *^ did to the grave of the famous Achilles, fo they 
 ftrewed his with an abundance of curious and coftly flowers"; which 
 courfe they (who were never yet known) continued morning and evening 
 for many days, not ceafmg till the ftones that were taken up in that church 
 to give his body admiffion into the cold earth (now his bed of reft) were 
 
 again 
 
 f When Alexander crofled the Hellefpont, to vifit the ruins of Ilium, he facrificed to the 
 heroes buried in the neighbourhood, efpecially to Achilles. Hepheftion, as a mark of his 
 friendfhip to Alexander, crowned the tomb of Patroclus with flowers. (Ant. Un. Hill. 
 Vol. VIII. p. 507.) 
 
 •' Manibus date Lilia plenis. 
 
 " Purpureos fpaigam Flores, Animamque Nepotis 
 
 " His faltem accuraulem donis, et fungar inani 
 
 " Munere." ViRcit. 
 
 " AfFerat hue unguenta mihi, fertifq; fepulchium 
 
 " Ornabit cuftos ad niea bulla fedens." Propert. 
 
 ■ " With faireft flowers, 
 
 " Whilft fummer lalh, and I live here, Fidele, 
 
 " I'll fweeten thy fad grave. Thou (lialt not lack 
 
 " The flower that's like thy face, pale primrofe, nor 
 
 " The azur'd hare-bell." Shaksp, C)mbelire, A, 11^, Sc. V.
 
 I02 THE LIFE OF 
 
 again by the mafons' art fo levelled and ilrmed, as they had been formcily, 
 and his place of burial undiftinguifliable to common view. 
 
 The next day after his burial, fome unknown friend, fome one of the 
 many lovers and admirers of his virtue and learning, writ this epitaph with 
 a coal on the wall over his grave; 
 
 " Reader ! I am to let tliec know, 
 
 " Donne's body only lies below : 
 
 " For, could the grave his foul comprifc, 
 
 " Earth would be richer than the fkies." 
 
 Nor was this all the honour done to his reverend allies; for as there be 
 fome perfons that will not receive a reward for that for which God ac- 
 counts himfelf a debtor; perfons that dare truft God with their charity, 
 and without a witnefs; fo there was by fome grateful unknown friend, that 
 thought Dr. Donne's memory ought to be perpetuated, an hundred marks 
 fent to his two faithful friends and executors (Dr. King and Dr. Monfort) 
 towards the making of his monument. It was not for many years known 
 by whom; but after the death of Dr. Fox, it was known that it was he 
 that fent it : And he lived to fee as lively a reprefentation of his dead 
 friend, as marble can exprcfs; a ftatue indeed fo like Dr. Donne, that (as 
 his friend. Sir Henry Wotton, had expreffed himfelf) " It feems to breathe 
 " faintly, and pofterity fhall look upon it as a kind of artificial miracle." 
 
 He was of ftature moderately tall, of a ftraight and equally-proportioned 
 body; to which all his words and aftions gave an unexprcfTible addition of 
 comelinefs. 
 
 The melancholy and pleafant humour were in him fo contempered, that 
 each gave advantage to the other, and made his company one of the de- 
 lights of mankind. 
 
 His fancy was inimitably high, equalled only by his great wit ; both 
 being made ufeful by a commanding judgment. 
 
 His aipedl was cheerful, and fuch as gave a filent teflimony of a clear 
 knowing foul, and of a confcience at peace with itlelf. 
 
 His
 
 "JOHN DONNE, 163 
 
 His melting eye fliewed that he had a foft heart, full of cpmpaffion; 
 of too brave a foul to offer injuries, and too much a Chriftian not to par- 
 don them in others. 
 
 He did much contemplate (efpecially after he entered into his facred 
 calling) the mercies of Almighty God, the immortality of the foul, and the 
 joys of heaven; and would often fay, in a kind of facred ecftacy, " Bleflcd 
 " be God that he is God, only and divinely like himfelf." 
 
 He was by nature paflionate, but more apt to reludt at the excefles of it. 
 A great lover of the offices of humanity, and of fo merciful a fpirit, that 
 he never beheld the miferies of mankind without pity and relief. 
 
 He was earneft and unwearied in the fearch of knowledge ; with which 
 his vigorous foul is now fatisfied, and employed in a continual praife of 
 that God that firft breathed it into his adive body ; that body which once 
 was a temple of the Holy Ghoft, and is now become a fmall quantity of 
 Chriftian duft : — But I Ihall fee it reanimated, 
 
 J. WALTONo 
 
 February 15, 1639:
 
 VERSES TO THE MEMORY OF DR. J. DONNE. 
 
 AN EPITAPH 
 
 WRITTEN EY 
 
 DOCTOR COREET^ LATE BISHOP OF OXFORD, 
 
 ON HIS FRIEND, DOCTOR DONNE. 
 
 JTIE that wou'd write an epitaph for thee, 
 And write it well, muft iirft begin to be 
 Such as thou wert ; for none can truly know 
 Thy life and worth, but he that hath liv'd fo. 
 
 T He 
 
 ' Dr. Richard Corbet, In 1632, Iranflated from the See of Oxford, to that of Norwich, 
 died in 1635. He was in his younger years one of the moft celebrated wits in the univerCty 
 of Oxford, afterward admired for his quaint and eloquent preaching, and much commended 
 for his great liberality and munificence, and particularly in promoting the repair of St. Paul's 
 Cathedral. The volume of his poems, which have great merit, is not common ; and tliere- 
 fore feveral cxtradls from it are publiflied in the Biographia Britannica. 
 
 *' If flowing wit, if veifes writ with eafe, 
 " If learning, void of pedantry, can pleafe ; 
 " If much good humour, join'd to folid fenfc, 
 " And mirth, accompanied with innocence, 
 " Can give a poet a ju(l right to fame, 
 " Then CORBET may immortal honour claim: 
 " For he thefc virtues had, and in his lines 
 " Poetic and heroic fpirit (hines ; 
 " Tho' bright, yet iblid, pleafant but not rude, 
 " With wit and wifdom equally endu"d. 
 " Be filent, ^Ju^e, thy prailes are too faint, 
 " Thou want'ft a power this prodigy to paint, 
 
 " At once a poet, prelate, and a laint. J. C. 
 
 — (Biog. Brit, in thf Arlidc Corbet.)
 
 10$, VERSES TO THE MEMORY OF 
 
 He mufl have wit to fpare, and to hurl down ; 
 Enough to keep the gallants of the town. 
 He muft have learning plenty ; both the laws, 
 Civil and Common, to judge any caufc ; 
 Divinity great ftore above the reft, 
 Not of- the laft edition, but the beft. 
 He muft have language, travel, all the arts. 
 Judgment to ufe, or elfe he wants thy parts. 
 He muft have friends the higheft, able to do, 
 Such as Mecoenas, and Ayguftus too. 
 He muft have fuch a ficknefs, fuch a death. 
 Or elfe his vain defcriptions come beneath. 
 He that would write an epitaph for thee 
 Should. firft be dead j let it alone for me.. 
 
 TO TH£
 
 DOCTOR JOHN DONNE. 107 
 
 TO THE MEMORY OP 
 
 MY EVER DESIRED DOCTOR DONNE. 
 AN ELEGY, 
 
 BT H. KING, LATE BISHOP Ot CHICHtSTER. 
 
 X O have liv'd eminent, in a degree 
 Beyond our loftieft thoughts, that is Uke thee j 
 Or t'have had too much merit is not fafe, 
 for fuch excefles find no epitaph. 
 
 At common graves we have poetic eyes, 
 Can melt themfelves in eafy elegies; 
 Each quill can drop his tributary verfe, 
 And pin it, like the hatchments, to the hearfe : 
 But at thine, poem or infcription 
 (Rich foul of wit and language) we have none. 
 Indeed a filence does that tomb befit. 
 Where is no herald left to blazon it. 
 Widow'd Invention juftly doth forbear 
 To come abroad, knowing thou art not there : 
 Late her great patron, whofe prerogative 
 Maintain'd and cloth'd her fo, as none alive 
 Muft now prefume to keep her at thy rate, 
 Though he the Indies for her dower eftate. 
 Or elfe that awful fire which once did burn 
 In thy clear brain, now fallen into thy urn, 
 Lives there to fright rude empirics from thence. 
 Which might profane thee by their ignorance. 
 Whoever writes of thee, and in a fl:yle 
 Unworthy fuch a theme, does but revile 
 Thy precious duft, and wakes a learned fpirit, 
 Which may revenge his rapes upon thy merit. 
 
 T2 For
 
 loS VERSES TO THE MEMORT OF 
 
 For all a low-pitch'd fancy can devife 
 Will prove at beft but hallowed injuries. 
 Thou, like the dying fwan, didft lately fing 
 Thy mournful dirge in audience of the king ; 
 When pale looks and faint accents of thy breath 
 Prefented fo to life that piece of death, 
 That it was fear'd and prophefy'd by all 
 Thou thither cam'ft to preach thy funeral. 
 Oh! hadft thou in an elegiac knell 
 Rung out unto the world thine own farewel. 
 And in thy high vidlorious numbers beat 
 The folemn meafures of thy griev'd retreat, 
 Thou might'ft the poet's fervice now have mift. 
 As well as then thou didft: prevent the prieft : 
 And never to the world beholden be, 
 So much as for an epitaph for thee. 
 
 I do not like the office : nor is't fit 
 Thou, who did'ft: lend our age fuch fums of wit, 
 Shouldft now reborrow from her bankrupt mine 
 That oar to bury thee which firfl was thine ; 
 Rather fl;ill leave us in thy debt : — and know. 
 Exalted foul ! more glory 'tis to owe 
 Thy memory, what we can never pay. 
 Than with embafed coin thofe rites defray. 
 
 Commit we then thee to thyfelf, nor blame 
 Our drooping loves, that thus to thine own fame 
 Leave thee executor, fmce but thine own 
 No pen could do thee jufliice, nor bays crown 
 Thy vaft: dcferts ; fave that we nothing can 
 Depute to be thy afhes' guardian. 
 
 So jewellers no art or metal trufl: 
 
 To form the diamond, but the diamond's duft, H. K.
 
 DOCTOR JOHN DONNE- 109 
 
 AN ELEGY ON DOCTOR DONNE. 
 
 Our Donne is dead! and we may fighing fay. 
 We had that man where Language chofe to Hay 
 And Ihew her utmoft power. I would not praifc 
 That and his great wit, which in our vain days 
 Make others proud; but as thefe ferv'd to unlock 
 That cabinet, his mind, where fuch a flock 
 Of knowledge was repos'd, that I lament 
 Our juft and general caufe of difcontent. 
 
 And I rejoice I am not fo fevcrc, 
 But as I write a line, to weep a tear 
 For his deceafe : Such fad extremities 
 Can make fuch men as I write elegies. 
 
 And wonder not ; for when fo great a lofs 
 
 Falls on a nation, and they llight the crofs, 
 
 God hath rais'd prophets to awaken them 
 
 From their dull lethargy ; witnefs my pen, 
 
 Not us'd to upbraid the world, though now it mufir 
 
 Freely and boldly, for the caufe is juft. 
 
 Dull age i oh, I would fpare thee, but thou'rt worfc : 
 Thou art not only dull, but haft a curfe 
 Of black ingratitude ; If not, couldft thou 
 Part with this maichlefs man, and make no vow 
 For thee and thine fucceflively to pay 
 Some fad remembrance to his dying day ? 
 
 Did his youth fcatter poetry, wherein 
 Lay love's philofophy ? Was every fui 
 
 Piaur'd:
 
 1 1 D VERSES TO THE MEMORY OF 
 
 Pidui'd in his Iharp fatircs, made fo foul 
 
 That fome have fear'd Sin's fliapes, and kept their foul 
 
 Safer by reading 'verfe ? Did he give days, 
 
 Pall marble monuments, to thofc whofc praife 
 
 He w^ou'd perpetuate? Did he (I fear 
 
 Envy w'ill doubt) tliefe at his twentieth year ? 
 
 But, more matur'd; did his rich foul conceive, 
 
 Aud in harmonious holy numbers weave 
 
 A crown of facred fonnets', fit t'adorn 
 
 A dying martyr's brow, or to be worn 
 
 On that bleil head of Mary Magdalen, 
 
 After fhe wip'd Chrift's feet, but not till then ? 
 
 Did he (fit for fuch penitents as flic 
 
 And he to ufe) leave us a Letanie "^ 
 
 Which all devout men love, and doubtlefs fliall. 
 
 As times grow better, grow more clafTical ? 
 
 Did he write hymns, Tor piety and wit. 
 
 Equal to thofe great grave. Prudentius writ? 
 
 Spake he all languages? Knew he all laws? 
 
 The grounds and ufe of phyfic — (but becaiife 
 
 'Twas 
 
 ' " La Corona," a poem, written by. Dr. Donne, and confiding of fevcn holy fonnets, the 
 firft line of each fonnct beginning with the lad line of the preceding one, the poem beginning 
 and ending with the fame line — namely 
 
 ■ ••^'Dergne at my hands this crown of pmyer and praife." 
 The fubjects are — Annunciation — Nativitie — Temple-crucifying — Rcfurre£lion — Afcention. 
 
 * A poem fo called, written by Donne, wIto, in a letter to his friend, Sir Henry Goodyere, 
 gives this account of it. " Since my imprifonment in ray bed I liave made a meditation in 
 " vcrfe, which I call a Litany : The word, you know, imports no other than fupplication ; 
 *• but all chuvches have one 'form of fupplication by that name. Amongll ancient annals, I 
 " mean fome 800 years, I have met tv, o Leianics in Latin verfe, which gave me not the rea- 
 " fon of my meditations j for in good faith I thought not upon them, but they give me a de- 
 •' fence, if any man to a Layman and a Private impute it as a fault to take fuch divine and 
 •" publique names to his own little thoughts." (Letters, ^c- p- S?-)
 
 DOCTOR JOrlN DONNE. tft 
 
 'Twa8 mercenary wav'd It) ? went to fee 
 
 That happy place of Chrifl's nativity' ? 
 
 Did he return and preach him ? preach him fo. 
 
 As, lince St. Paul, none ever did? they know 
 
 Thofe happy fouls that hear'd him know this truth. 
 Did he confirm thy ag'd, convert thy youth? 
 Did he thefe wonders? and is his dear lofs 
 Mourn'd by fo few ? — few for fo great a crofs. 
 
 But fure the filent are ambitious all 
 
 To be clofe mourners at his fur.eral. 
 
 If not ; in common pity they forbear, 
 
 By repetitions, to renew our care : 
 
 Or knowing grief conceiv'd and hid, confumes 
 
 Man's life infenfibly (as poifon's fumes 
 
 Corrupt the brain), take filence for the way 
 
 T'enlarge the foul from thefe walls, mud and clay, . 
 
 (Materials of this body) to remain 
 
 With him in heaven, where no promifcuous pain . 
 
 Leflens thofe joys wc have; for with him all 
 
 Are fatisfy'd with joys eflential. 
 
 Dwell on thefe joys, my thoughts! — Oh! do not call 
 Grief back, by thinking on his funeral. 
 Forget he lov'd me : Wafte not my fwift years 
 Which hafte to David's feveniy, fill'd with fears 
 And forrows for his death: Forget his parts. 
 They find a living grave in good men's hearts : 
 And, for my fiiil is daily paid for iin. 
 Forget to pay my fecond figh for him : 
 Forget his powerful preaching; and forget 
 I am his convert. Oh my frailty ! let 
 
 My 
 
 ' But it appears from the preceding pages, that his intentions of vifiting the Holy Land were 
 fruftrated.
 
 312 'VERSES, &c. 
 
 My flcfli be no more heard ; it will obtrude 
 
 This lethargy : So fliould my gratitude, 
 
 My vows of gratitude iliould be fo broke, 
 
 Which can no more be, than his virtues, fpokc 
 
 By any but himfelf : For which caufe I 
 
 Write no encomiums, but this elegy; 
 
 Which, as a free-will offering, I here^ive 
 
 Fame and the world ; and, parting with it, grieve 
 
 I want abiUtics lit to fet forth 
 
 A monument as matchlefs as his worth, 
 
 IZ. WA. 
 
 April 7, 1631.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 THE WORKS OF DOCTOR JOHN DONNE, 
 
 DEAN OF ST. PAUL's, LONDON. 
 
 I. " PSEUDO-MARTYR ; wherein out of certaine Propofitions and Gradations this 
 Conclufion is evi£led, that thofe which are of the Romane Religion in this Kingdome, may 
 and ought to take the Oath of Allegeance." London, 1610, quarto. 
 
 II. " DEVOTIONS upon EMERGENT OCCASIONS, and feveral STEPS in my 
 SICKNES; digefted into — i. Meditations upon our humane Condition. — 2. Expoflulatlons 
 and Debatements with God. — 3. Prayers upon the feveral OccaCons to him." London, i(32<], 
 i2mo. 
 
 This book is dedicated to Prince Charles. The fubjecls of the different devotions are ex- 
 preffed in twenty-two hexameter verfes prefixed to the work. 
 
 •' Stationes five periodi in morbo, ad quas referuntur meditationes fequentes. 
 
 I. Infultus morbi primus. ». Poft aftio licfa. 
 
 3. Decubitus fequitur tandem. 4. Medicufq; vocatur. 
 
 5. Solus adcft. 6. Metuit. 7. Socios fibi jungier inftat," Sec, 
 A fourth edition of this work appeared in 1634. 
 
 III. « The ANTIENT HISTORY of the SEI'TUAGINT ; written in Greeke by Arif- 
 teus 1900 Yeares fince. Of his Voyage to Hierufalem, as Amballador from Ptolomeus 
 Philadelphus unto Eleazer then Pontiffe of the Jews. Concerning the firfl Tranflation of the 
 Bible by the 72 Interpreters; with many other remarkable Circumftances. Newly done into 
 Englifli by J. Done." London, 1633, 8vo, or i6mo. 
 
 " N. B. There are added Proofes concerning this Hiftory, and a fhort Difcourfe of the Anti- 
 quity and Dignity of the facred Bookcs, and Excellency of their infpired Writer the Prophet 
 Mofes." 
 
 A new edition of this verfion, faid to be very much corrected from the original, was pub- 
 liflied in 1685, i2mo. 
 
 TV. " JUVENILIA, or certaine Paradoxes and Problems." London, 1633, quarto. 
 
 V. "POEMS by J. D. with ELEGIES on the AUTHOR's DE.\TH."— 1633, quarto. 
 The fame in 1635, 8vo or i6mo; and again in 1654, 8vo or i6mo. The lail edition cont 'ins a 
 
 U dedication
 
 114 APPENDIX. 
 
 dedication to Lord Craven, by Dr. John Donne, the fon, and a copy of vevfes to Dr. Donne, 
 by B. JoN. i. e. Ben Jonfon. Prefixed to the volume is a print of the Author in a fuit of ar- 
 mour, with eight verfes under it, by Izaak Wahon. There is another edition of the poems 
 
 in 1669, 2^°- 
 
 VI. " LXXX SERMONS," 1640, folio, with a print of the Author, set. 42, M. Merian, 
 jun. fc. With a Dedication to King Charles, and Izaak Walton's Life of Dr. Donne. 
 
 VII. " L SERMONS; the Second Volume," 1649, folio. — ^This volume contains two 
 dedications ; the firft " To Bafil, Earl of Denby ;" and the fccond " To Bolftred Whitlock, Ri' 
 chard Keeble, and John Lcile, Lords Commiirioners of the Great Scale." 
 
 VIII. <« XXVI SERMONS; the Third Volume," 1661.— With a dedication "To King 
 Charles II." 
 
 Many of the fermons in the preceding volumes were printed feparatcly at different times. 
 
 IX. " LETTERS to fcveral Perfons of Honour. Publiflicd by John Donne, Doftor of the 
 Civill Law." London, 1654, 4to; and dedicated by him "To the mod virtuous and excellent 
 Lady M'". Bridget Dunch." 
 
 X. " ESSAYS in DIVINITY, &c. being fcveral Dlfquifitions interwoven with Medita- 
 tions and Prayers." 165 1, i2mo. Written by him before he went into holy orders. 
 
 XI. " PARADOXES, PROBLEMS, ESSAYS, CHARACTJLRS, &c. To which is 
 added, a Book of Epigrams, written in Latin by the fame Author, tranflated into Englifli by 
 
 J. Mayne, D. D.^ As alfo Ignatius his Conclave, a Satyr, tranflated out of the original Copy 
 
 written in Latin by the fame Author; found lately amongll his own Papers." Landoii, 1653, 
 izmo. 
 
 Several parts of this volume were printed before under different titles. 
 
 Of the tra£l " Ignatius his Conclave," it mud be obferved, that it was originally vi'ritten in 
 Latin with this title; "Conclave Ignati, five ejus in nuperis inferni comitiis Inthronifatio : 
 ubl varia de Jefuitarum indole, dc novo inferno creando, de ecelefia lunatica inflitucnda per 
 Satyram congefta funt. Accefht et Apologia pro Jefuitis." 
 
 This little volume is printed without the name of the author or printer, and without any 
 intimation of time or place. It contains many fevere and ironical inveftives againll Ignatius 
 Loyola, who founded the order of the Jefuits in 1540. The author defcribes himfelf in a 
 vifion. " Eram in cxtafi, et 
 
 Animuh vagula blandula 
 Comes hofpefq-, corporis 
 
 per omnia Hbere vagata eft, omnes ccelorum contignatlones numcrabat et volumina : omnes 
 infularum natantium omniumq; in firmamento hxrentium fitus dimenfioneS naturas populos 
 etiam et politeias complexa eft." — He proceeds ; " I£lu oculi etiam et inferos video in con- 
 fpc£lu mco pofitcs." — " Ad pcnitiora progreffus vidi locum fecretiorem ipfiq; Lueifero fere 
 proprium, ad quern ineundum iis tantum jus erat qui ita aliquid novi in vita moliti fuerant ut 
 antiquitati barbam vellerent et dubia et anxietates fcrupulofq; injicerent, et poft inveftam 
 quidvis opinandi licentiam tandem prorfus contraria iis quae ante ftatuta fuerant ftatuercnt."
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 ^'S 
 
 Many candidates claim an admiffion into the infernal regions, as Copernicus, Paracelf-jSy 
 Machiavcl, &c. To them Ignatius Loyola is preferred: Lucifer entertains him as a bofom 
 friend and counfellor, and propofes to him the acquiiltion of a territory in the moon. " Illuc 
 Jefuitse omnes transfretabunt, ecclefiamq; lunaticam Romanrc conciliabunt." 
 
 In the mean time it is publicly announced that the Pope is prevailed ui>on to canonize Igna- 
 tius: " Iniquum eniih efle cum omnes artifices laniiq; prophani peculiares quos invocarent 
 divos haberent folis laniis fpiritualibus ct rcgicidis fuus deeffet." 
 
 Ignatius calling his eyes on the throne next that of Lucifer, alks by whom it is filled. When 
 he hears the name of Boniface, he breaks out into a violent reproach againft him, and drives 
 him from his place, in which he feats himfelf with the approbation of Lucifer. And here the 
 vifion ends. 
 
 The tracl concludes with a pretended defence of the Jefuits : " Tandem ad apologiam pro Je- 
 fuitis acccdendum, id eft, de illis filendum. Favet enim illis quifquis de illis tacet. Ncg 
 certe cuiquam diutiffime locuto (etfi ei Oceanus Clepfydra eflct) unquam deerit quod de eoruin 
 flagitiis addere poffit." 
 
 XII. " BIAeANATOS. A Declaration of that Paradoxe or Thefis, that Sclf-homlcidc is 
 not fo naturally Sin, that it may never be otherwife. Wherein the Nature and Extent of 
 all thofe Lawes, which feem to be violated by this Aft, are diligently furveyed." Laukn, 
 printed by John Dawfon. — 4to. 
 
 This work was publifliedby the author's fon,with a dedication to the Lord Philip Herbert, 
 dated from his houfe in Covent-Garden, 28 ; no mention is made of month or year here or in 
 the title-page. At the end of the book we find " 20 Sept. 1644, imprimatur Jo. Rufliworth." 
 
 In the univerfity library at Cambridge are three copies of this book, in two of which are 
 written letters by the editor. One copy, which contains the letter to Mr. Lee, was Biftiop 
 Moore's; the other, containing the letter to Mr. Carter, belonged to Mr. Lucas, who founded 
 the Lucafian Profeflbrfhip at Cambridge 
 
 LETTER I. 
 
 " FOR HIS MUCH HONORED FRINDE MR. LEE, AT THE COCKPITT. 
 " SIR, ' 
 
 " I take the bouldnefle to prefent to your hands this booke, hoplnge that it may bee wel- 
 • " come to you, even for the patrone's fake who has receaved it foe nobly, that I cannot doubt 
 " but that all his frinds will entertaine it as fome thinge that belongs to my Lorde Herbert 
 •* and has lyen ftill thefe fivftie laft years to expert a patronc noble enough to entertaine a 
 " peece that is an abfolute originall, and, I thincke, drawen by noe very ill a hande. 
 
 " Sir, your moft humble fervant, 
 Covent-Garden, Oft. :(,. « JO. DONNE." 
 
 U 2. LETTER II.
 
 Ii6 APPENDIX. 
 
 LETTER II. 
 
 " FOR THE RIGHT WORSHIPFULL EDWARD CARTER, ESQ^ 
 " SIR, 
 
 " I have here fcnt you a booke that may peradvcnture give you fome entertaincment out of 
 " the noveltie of the fubjeft, but that is not all my reafon of prefentinge it to you at this timcj 
 " for, fince I lived in this parirti, I have publifhed a volume of eighty fermons preached by 
 " my father ; and have prepared fixty more, which are licenfed and entered in the Printers' 
 " Halle ; which is, as farr as I can drive them, untill the times allter. I was encouradgcd to 
 *' undertake this worke by the learnedeft men in the kingdome of all profeflions, and was often 
 ** told that I fliould deferve better by doinge foe, then by keepingc them to my owne ufe, for 
 " by this mcancs I did not only preach to the prefent adge, but to our children's children. 
 " Sir, I write this to you that you may judg what a fad condition a fchoUer is in ; when at a 
 " public veftry in this parifli, I was told by a pittifull ignorant baker, I was an idle man, and 
 " never preached. 
 
 " Your humble fervant, 
 
 " JO. DONNE.- 
 
 Another edition of the Biathanatos appeared in 1648. 
 
 . a I. • . — ^ 
 
 ERR A TA. 
 
 Page t, line ji,— to concilitate, r/a</ to conciliate. 
 — 19, — 8, — to like his, read too like his. 
 I 16, — — 33, — in fauftus, r^«<y infaiiftus. 
 
 — — 7 J, 22, — paradoxies, r^a^ paradoKes. 
 
 — — 76, 18, — by Mr. Pope, and, read by Mr. Pope. His Latin Epigrams arc 
 
 tranflated by Dr. Jafper Mayne. 
 
 85, 25,— PIETATISET, readVlZTATlS ET, 
 
 =m.— 28, — — 31,— ii/TotrpjeJia |«ir, read ivTOfXf^m^ot^
 
 THE LIFE 
 
 OE 
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON, 
 
 LATE PROVOST OF EATON COLLEGE.
 
 .Sl!l£ lIllElNlRY WOTTON.
 
 THE LIFE OF SIR HENRY WOTTON. 
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON (whofe life I now intend to write) was born 
 in the year of our Redemption, 1568, in Bo£lon-Hall (commonly 
 called Bo£lon, or Bougton-Place, or Palace) in the parifli of Bodton Mal- 
 herbe, in the fruitful country of Kent : Bodlon-hall being an ancient and 
 goodly fl;rud;ure, beautifying, and being beautified by the parifh-church of 
 JBodlon Malherbe" adjoining unto it, and both feated within a fair park of 
 the Wottons, on the brow of fuch a hill as gives the advantage of a large 
 profpe£t, and of equal pleafure to all beholders. 
 
 But this houfe and church are not remarkable for any thing fo much as 
 for that the memorable family of the Wottons have fo long inhabited the one, 
 and now lie buried in the other, as appears by their many monuments in 
 that church''; the Wottons being a family that hath brought forth divers 
 perfons eminent for wifdom and valour, whofe heroic adts and noble em- 
 ployments, both in England and in foreign parts, have adorned themfelves 
 and this nation, which they have ferved abroad faithfully in the difcharge 
 of their great truft, and prudently in their negociations with feveral princes; 
 and alfo ferved at home with much honour and juftice, in their wife 
 managing a great part of the public affairs thereof in the various times 
 both of war and peace. 
 
 But 
 
 » Boflon Malherbe, alias Boughton Malherbc, lies in the middle of the county of Kent. 
 Sir Nicholas Wotton, Lord Mayor of London in 1416 and 1431, obtained the pofleflion of 
 this place by marrying the only daughter of Richard Corby. It continued in the ancient 
 family of the Wottons, until it came to Thomas Lord Wotton, whofe eldeft daughter the 
 Lady Katharine Stanhope, by marrying Henry Lord Stanhope, fon of Philip Earl of Chefter- 
 field, transferred it into another family. (Harris's Hiji. of Kent.) 
 
 •> Of thefe monuments fee " IIafl;ed"s Hiftory of Kent," vol. IL p. /)37; — ."Harris's Hiftory 
 of Kent," p. 48.
 
 1 20 THE LIFE OF 
 
 But left I flaould be thought by any that may incline either to deny or 
 doubt this truth, not to have oblerved moderation in the commendation of 
 this family ; and alfo for that I believe the merits and memory of fuch 
 perfons ought to be thankfully recorded, 1 fhall offer to the confideration 
 of every reader, out of the teftimony of their pedigree and our chronicles, 
 a part, and but a part, of that juft commendation which might be from 
 thence enlarged, and fliall then leave the indifferent reader to judge whether 
 my error be an excefs or defe£l of commendations \ 
 
 Sir Robert Wotton of Bodlon Malherbe, Knight, was born about the 
 year of Chrift, 1460 : He, living in the reign of King Edward IV. was by 
 him trufted to be Lieutenant of Guifnes, to be Knight Porter, and Compt- 
 roller of Calais, where he died, and lies honourably buried. 
 
 Sir Edward Wotton of Bodon Malherbe, Knight (fon and heir of the faid 
 Sir Robert) was born in the year of Chrift, 1489, in the reign of King 
 Henry VIL ; he was made Treafurer of Calais, and of the Privy Council 
 to King Henry VIIL who offered him to be Lord Chancellor of England; 
 *' But," fl\ith HoUinfhed, in his Chronicle, " out of a virtuous modefty he 
 " refuled it." 
 
 Thomas Wotton of Bodon Malherbe, Efquire, fon and heir of the faici 
 Sir Edward, and the father of our Sir Henry that occafions this relation, 
 was born in the year of Chrift, 152 i : He was a gentleman excellently edu- 
 cated, and ftudious in all the liberal arts-; in the knowledge whereof he at- 
 tained unto a great perfedlion ; who, tliOugh he had (befides thofe abilities, 
 a very noble and plentiful eftate and the ancient intereft of his predeceifors) 
 many invitations from Queen Elizabeth to change his country recreations 
 and retirement for a court, offering him a knighthood (fhe was then with 
 him at his Bodon-hall), and that to be but as an earneft of fome more 
 honourable and more profitable employment under her ; yet he humbly 
 refufed both, being a man of great modefty, of a moft plain and finglc 
 heart, of an ancient freedom and integrity of mind. A commendation 
 
 which 
 
 ' HolHngnicd informs us that the family of tlic Wottons was very ancient, and that 
 " Some perfons of that furname for their Angularities of wit and learning, for their honour 
 *' and government in and of the realm, about the prince and clfewhere, at home and abroad, 
 " defcrve fuch commendations,that they merit «/i'<'9_^|'n(j»'//i7/;7/5." (Chron. Vol. I. p 1402.)
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 121 
 
 which Sir Henry Wotton took occafion often to remember with great glad- 
 nefs, and thankfully to boafl himfelf the fon of fuch a father ; from whom 
 indeed he derived that noble ingenuity that was always pradifed by him- 
 felf, and which he ever both commended and cherifhed in others. This 
 Thomas was alfo remarkable for hofpitality, a great lover and much beloved 
 of his country; to which may juftly be added, that he was a cherifher of 
 learning, as appears by that excellent antiquary, Mr. William Lambert'', 
 in his Perambulation of Kent. 
 
 This Thomas had four fons". Sir Edward, Sir James, Sir John, and 
 Sir Henry. 
 
 Sir Edward was knighted^ by Queen Elizabeth, and made Comptroller 
 
 X of 
 
 '* William Lambard of Lincoln's Inn, gent, a pupil of Lawrence Nowell the learned Anti- 
 quary, and known to the countr3'- magiftrate as the author of " Eirenarcha, or of the Office 
 " of the Juftices of Peace, 15991" and of the " Duties of Conftables, Borfliolders, Tithing- 
 *' Men, and fuch other Lowe and Lay Minifters of the Peace, 1601." His " Perambulation 
 •' of Kent," much applauded by Camden, encouraged many more men of learning to endea- 
 vour the like fervices for their country. His chief work is " The Archaionomia five do 
 prifcis Anglorum Legibus, 1568," being a tranflation of the Anglo-Saxon Laws. 
 
 ■ * Sir Henry Wotton, in a letter to Lord Zouch, dated Florence, Aug. 14, 1592, mentions 
 liis brother Edward, as having loft his wife, a gentlewoman, in his opinion, of moft rare virtue; 
 his brother James as gone to ferve in the Low Countries ; and his brother John as retired to a 
 folitary life, and at fome difference with his lady. 
 
 f " My brother Edward hath, either againft his M'ill, as fome fay, or with it, as I fay, been 
 
 knighted." (Letter to Lord Zouch, dated Sienna, Dec. 13, 1592.) Sir Edward Wotton was, 
 
 in 1585, fent Ambafllidor into Scotland, for the purpofe of contrafting a league ofFenfive and 
 defenfive with the king, to counteracl the holy league, which the Pope, the Spanifh King, the 
 
 Guifes, and others had made to extirpate the reformed religion. (Spoifioood's Hijl.p. 339.) 
 
 Sir Henry Wotton's charafter, while he was engaged in that embaflTy, is thus drawn by 
 Dr. Robertfon. " This man was gay, well-bred, and entertaining ; he excelled in all the 
 " exercifes for which James had a paffion, and amufed the young king by relating the adven- 
 " tures which he had met with, and the obfcrvations he had made during a long refidence in 
 " foreign countries ; but under the veil of thefe fuperficial qualities, he concealed a dangerous 
 " and intriguing fpirit. He foon grew into high favour with James, and while he was feem- 
 " ingly attentive only to pleafure and diverfions, he acquired influence over the public coun- 
 " cils, to a degree which was indecent for a ftranger to poflcfs." ( Hii'!cr\ of Scotland, 
 B. VIL) .•
 
 122 THE LIFE OF 
 
 of her Majefty's Houfehold. " He was," faith Camden, " A man rc- 
 " markable for many and great employments in the ftate during her reign, 
 " and fent feveral times Ambaflador into foreign nations. After her death, 
 " he was by King James made Comptroller of his Houfehold, and called to 
 *' be of his Privy Council, and by him advanced to be Lord Wotton, Baron 
 " of Merley in Kent, and made Lord Lieutenant of that county." 
 
 Sir James, the fecond fon, may be numbered among the martial men of 
 his age, who was in the thirty-eight of Queen Elizabeth's reign (with 
 Robert Earl of SufTex, Count' Lodowick of Naflau, Don Chriftophoro, 
 fon of Antonio King of Portugal, and divers other gentlemen of noblenefs 
 and valour,) knighted in the field near Cadiz in Spain, after they had gotten 
 great honour and riches, befides a notable retaliation of injuries by taking 
 that town. 
 
 Sir John being a gentleman excellently accomplifhed, both by learning 
 and travel, was knighted by Queen Elizabeth, and by her looked uj)on 
 with mbre than ordinary favour, and with intentions of preferment ; but 
 death m his younger years put a period to his growing hopes. 
 
 Of Sir Henry, my following difcourfe fhall give an account. 
 
 The defcent of thefe fore-named Wottons were all in a diredt line, and 
 mod of them and. their adlions in the memory of thofe with whom we 
 have converfed: But if I had looked fo flir back as to Sir Nicholas Wotton 
 (who lived in the reign of King Richard IL) or before him, upon divers 
 others of great note in their feveral ages, I might by fome be thought 
 tedious ; and yet others may more juftly think me negligent, if 1 omit to 
 mention Nicholas Wotton, the fourth fon of Sir Robert, whom I firft 
 named. 
 
 This Nicholas Wotton was Doctor of Law, and fometime Dean both of 
 York and Canterbury^ ; a man whom God did not only blefs with a long 
 
 life, 
 
 s He was inftalled Dean of York, Dec. 4, 1544, as in 1542 he was conflituted the firfl: 
 Dean of Canterbury by the Charter of Incorporation. He held both tliefe preferments to the 
 time of his death, Jan. 26, 1566-7. — What Sir Henry Wotton faid of Sir Philip Sidney, has 
 been applied to Nicholas Wotton. " That he was the very meafure of congruity." Henry 
 VIII. thus addrefled him on his appointment to a foreign embafly; " I have fent a head by 
 
 " Cromwell,
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 
 
 123 
 
 life, but with great abilities of mind, and an inclination to employ them in 
 the fervice of his country, as is teftified by his feveral employments (vide 
 Camden'' s Britannia), having been fent nine times Ambaflador" unto 
 foreign princes; and by his being a Privy Councellor to King Henry VlIL 
 to Edward VI. to Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth; who alfo, after he 
 had been, during the wars between England, and Scotland and France, three 
 feveral times (and not unfuccefsfully) employed in committees for fettling 
 of peace betwixt this and thofe kingdoms, " died," faith learned Camden, 
 " Full of commendations for wildom and piety." He was alfo by the will 
 of King Henry VIII. made one of his executors, and chief Secretary of 
 State to his fon, that pious Prince Edward VI. — Concerning which 
 Nicholas Wotton, I fhall fay but this little more ; that he refufed (being 
 offered it by Queen Elizabeth) to be Archbiihop of Canterbury — (vide Hol- 
 lingfliead) ; and that he died not rich, though he lived in that time of the 
 diflblution of abbeys. 
 
 More might be added; but by this it may appear, that Sir Henry Wotton 
 was a branch of fuch a kindred, as left a ftock of reputation to their 
 pofterity; fuch reputation as might kindle a generous emulation in ftran- 
 gers, and preferve a noble ambition in thofe of his name and family, to 
 perform adtions worthy of their anceftors. 
 
 And that Sir Henry Wotton did fo, might appear more perfectly than 
 my pen can exprefs it, if of his many furviving friends, fome one of 
 
 X 2 . higher 
 
 " Cromwell, a purfe by Wolfey, a fword by Brandon, and mufl; now fend the law by 
 " you." (Lloyd's State Worthies, p. 107.) He was confidered as poflefling the qualifica- 
 tions of a (tatefman in a very eminent degree. " Every younker fpcaks as politic as Bifliop 
 " Gardner or Dr. Wotton." (Spenfer's Letters to his friend Immerito.) 
 
 ^ It appears from the infcription on his monument that he was fent Ambaflador twice to 
 the Emperor Charles V. once to Philip King of Spain, once to Francis I. the French King, 
 thrice to Henry II. his fon, once to Mary Queen of Hungary, governor of the Low Countries, 
 and twice to William Duke of Cleves : That lie was alfo a Commiffioner at the renewal of 
 peace between the Englifli, and French and Scots, at a place between Guifncs and Ardes, in 
 1546, and alfo at the caflle of Cambray, in 1559, and laftly at Edinburgh, in 1560. — See 
 his life in a very valuable work lately publidied, entitled, " Some account of the Deans of 
 " Canterbury, from the new Foundation of that Church by Henry VIII. to the prefent Time. 
 •« By Henry John Todd, M. A."
 
 124- THE LIFE OF 
 
 higher parts and employments had been pleafed to have commended his 
 to pofterity ; but fmce fome years are now pafled, and they have all (I know 
 not why) forborn to do it, my gratitude to my dead friend, and the re- 
 newed requeft of fome* that ftill live folicitous to fee this duty performed, 
 thefe have had a powei to perfuade me to undertake it; which, truly, I 
 have not done, but with fome diftruft of mine own abilities ; and yet fo 
 far from defpair, that I am modeftly confident my humble language fliall 
 be accepted, becaufe I fhall prefent all readers with a commixture of truth, 
 and Sir Henry Wotton's merits. 
 
 This being premifed, I proceed to tell the reader, that the father of Sir 
 Henry Wotton was twice married ; firft to Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir 
 John Rudftone, knight ; after whofe death, though his inclination was 
 averfe to all contentions, yet neceflitated he was to feveral fuits in law ; 
 in the profecution whereof (which took up much of his time, and were 
 the occafion of many difcontcnts) he was by divers of his friends earneilly 
 perfuadcd to a remarriage ; to whom he has often anfwered, " That if 
 *' ever he did put on a refolution to marry, he was ferioufly refolvcd to 
 " avoid three forts of perfons, namely, 
 
 *' Thofe that had children ; 
 " Thofe that had law-fuits ; 
 " And thofe that were of his kindred." 
 
 And yet, following his own law-fuits, he met in Weftminfler-hall with 
 Mrs. Elionora Morton, widow to Robert Morton of Kent, Efquire, who 
 was alfo engaged in feveral fuits in law ; and he, obferving her comport- 
 ment at the time of hearing one of her caufes before the judges, could not 
 but at the fame time both compaffionate her condition, and affed her per- 
 fon (for the tears of lovers, or beauty dreft in fadnefs, are obferved to have 
 in them a charming eloquence, and to become very often too ftrcng to be 
 refifted), which I mention, becaufe it proved fo with this Thomas 
 Wotton ; for although there were in her a concurrence of all thofe acci- 
 dents, againft v:hich he had fo ferioufly refolved, yet his affedtion to her 
 
 grew 
 
 * Sir Edward Bifli Clarentieux, King of Arms, Mr. Charles Cotton, and Mr. Nick Oudert, 
 fomctime Sir Henry Wotton's fcrvaut, and one of the witnefles to his laft will.
 
 SIR HENRY VVOTTON. 125 
 
 grew then fo ftrong, thcat he refolved to foliclt her for a wife ; and did, 
 and obtained her. 
 
 By her (who was the daughter of Sir William Finch of Eaftwell in Kent) 
 he had only Henry his youngeft fon. His mother undertook to be tutorefs 
 unto him during much of his childhood; for whofe care and pains he paid 
 her each day with fuch vifible figns of future perfe(?don in learning, as turned 
 her employment into a pleafmg trouble ; which {he was content to con- 
 tinue, till his father took him into his own particular care, and difpofed of 
 him to a tutor in his own houfe at Boclon. 
 
 And when time and diligent inftrudlion had made him fit for a removal 
 to a higher form (which was very early), he was fent to Winchefter-fchool, 
 a place of ftri£t dilcipline and order ; that fo he might in his youth be 
 moulded into a method of living by rule, which his wife father knew to be 
 the moft necefTary way, to make the future part of his life both happy 
 to himfelf, and ufeful for the difcharge of all bufinefs, whether public or 
 private. 
 
 And that he might be confirmed in this regularity, he was at a fit age' 
 removed from that fchool to be a Commoner of New-College in Oxford; 
 both being founded by William Wickhatn Bifliop of Wincheftcr. 
 
 There he continued, till about the eighteenth year of his age ; and was 
 then tranfplanted into Queen's-Cdllege, where within that year he was by 
 the chief of that college perfuafively enjoined to write a play for their 
 private ufe (it was the tragedy of Tancredo)^ which was fo interwoven with 
 fentences, and for the method and exadt perfonating thofe humours, 
 paffions, and difpofitions, which he propofed to reprefcnt, fo performed, 
 that the graved of that lociety declared he had in a Height employment 
 given an early and a folid teftimony of his future abilities. And though 
 there may be fome four difpofitions, which may think this not worth a 
 memorial, yet that wife knight, Baptift Guarini" (whom learned Italy 
 
 accounts 
 
 ' He was admitted of New College in 1584. 
 * The famous author of the " II Paftor Fido."
 
 ^iS THE LIFE OF 
 
 accounts one of her ornaments), thought it neither an uncomely, nor an 
 unprofitable employment for his age. 
 
 But I pafs to what will be thought more ferious. 
 
 About the twentieth year of his age he proceeded M after of Arts', and 
 at that time read in Latin three lectures cle Oculo; wherein he having 
 defcribed the form, the motion, the curious compofure of the eye, and 
 demonftrated how of thofe very many every humour and nerve performs its 
 diftind office, fo as the God of Order hath appointed, without mixture or 
 confufion J and all this to the advantage of man, to whom ihe eye is given, 
 not only as the body's guide, but whereas all other of his fenfes require 
 time to inform the foul, this, in an inftant, apprehends and warns him of 
 danger ; teaching him in the very eyes of others, to difcover wit, folly, 
 love, and hatred. 
 
 After he had made thefe obfervations, iie fell to difpute this optique 
 queftion : 
 
 *' Whether we fee by the emiflion of the beams from within, or recep*- 
 " tion of the fpecies from without"?" 
 
 And after that, and many other like learned difquifitions, he, in the 
 conclufion of his leftures, took a fair occafion to beautify his diicourfe 
 with a commendation of the bleffing and benefit of " Seeing: — By which, 
 " we do not only difcover Nature's fecrets, but v/iih a continued content 
 " (for the eye is never weary of feeing) behold the great light of the 
 " world, and by it difcover the fabric of the heavens, and both the order 
 •' and motion of tlie cceleftial orbs; nay, that if the eye look but down- 
 *' ward, it may rejoice to behold the bofom of the earth, our common 
 *' mother, embroidered and adorned with numberlefs and various flowers, 
 " which man fees daily gro\^ up to perfedtion, and then filcntly moralize 
 *' his own condition, who in a fhort time (like thofe very flowers) decays, 
 
 " withers, 
 
 ' According to Anthony Wood, Mr. Henry Wotton fupplicated in June 1588 for the degree 
 of Bachelor of Arts. But it did not appear from the records of the Univerfity that he was 
 ever admitted to this degrecj or to that of Mafter of Arts. 
 
 " See an accurate Hifl.pry of the Caufes of Vifion in Dr. Smith's Optics, volume II. 
 , P- 23-
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 127 
 
 " withers, and quickly returns again to that earth from which both had 
 " their lirfl being"." 
 
 Thefe were fo exadlly debated, and fo rhetorically heightened, as, among 
 other admirers, caufed that learned Italian, Albericus Gentilis, then Pro- 
 feflbr of the Civil Law in Oxford, to call him " Hciirice mi OceUe°\'' which 
 dear expreffion of his was aUb ufed by divers of Sir Henry's deareft friends, 
 and by many other perfons of note during his ftay in the univerlity. 
 
 But his ftay there was not long, at leaft not fo long as his friends once 
 intended ; for the year after Sir Henry proceeded Mafter of Arts, his 
 father — (whom Sir Henry did never mention without this or fome fuch like 
 reverential expreffion ; as, " That good man my father,'' or " My father 
 the beft of men.") — About that time, this good man changed this for a 
 better life, leaving to Sir Henry, as to his other younger fons, a rent-charge 
 of an hundred marks a-year, to be paid for ever out of fome one of his 
 manors of a much greater value. 
 
 And here, though this good man be dead, yet I wifh a circumftance or 
 two that concern him may not be buried without a relation, which I fhall 
 
 undertake 
 
 " The clafTic reader, and indeed every reader, will be highly gratified with this beautifuf 
 paflage from Mr. Wotton's Lecture. 
 
 Tx\a, fita, fxi)T£f iia.xafu.li SinTut t atieumit} 
 
 n«»Tfo^£, 7rai/Ji;T«fa, TEAfjipsfE. OrPHEI.HyMN, 
 
 ' alma liquentes 
 
 " Humorum guttas Mater cum Terra recepit, 
 
 " Foeta parit nitidas fruges, arbultaque laeta 
 
 " Et genus humanum et parit omnia Isecla feranim, 
 
 •' Pabiila cum piaebet, quibus omnes corpora pafcunt, 
 
 " Et dulcera ducunt vitam, prolemque propagant, 
 
 " Qiiapropter mcrito maternum nomen adepta 'ft." LuCRET. Lib. II. v. 991. 
 
 " Quafi Sulftitia)is Herba, paulifper fui : 
 
 " Repente exortus fura, repentino occidi." Plaut. Pskudol. 
 
 In all languages the life of man has been compared to the flower that is foon withered, and 
 pafleth away. 
 
 » " Volo placere Philolachi, meo ocelh, meo patrono." (Plaut. Mofj. A. J. 5c, 3)— 11.
 
 12^ THE LIFE OF 
 
 undertake to do, for tliat I fuppofc, they may fo much concern the reader 
 to know, that I may promifc myfclf a pardon for a fliort Uigreflion. 
 
 IN the year of our redemption, 1553, NicTiolas Wotton, Dean of Can- 
 terbury (whom I formerly mentioned), being then Ambaflador in France, 
 dreamed that his nephew, this Thomas Wotton, was inchned to be a party 
 in fuch a projedl, as, if he were not fuddenly prevented, would turn both 
 to the lois of his life, and ruin of his family. 
 
 Doubtlefs the good Dean did well know that common dreams are but a 
 fenfelefs" paraphrafe on our waking thoughts, or of the bufmefs of the day 
 paft, or are the refuk of our over-engaged affedlions, when we betake our- 
 felves to reft ; and knew that the obfervation of them may turn to filly 
 fuperftitions, as they too often do. But though he might know all this, and 
 might alfo believe that prophecies are ceafed; yet, doubtlefs, he could not 
 but confidcr, that all dreams are not to he negle£led or caft away without 
 all confideration, and did therefore rather lay this dream afide, than intend 
 totally to lofc it ; and dreaming the fame again the night following, when 
 it became a double dream, like that of Pharaoh (of which double dreams 
 the learned have made many obfervations), and confidering tliat it had no 
 dependence on his waking thoughts, much lefs on the defires of his heart, 
 then he did more ferloufly confidcr it ; and remembered that Almighty 
 God was pleafed in a dream to reveal and to aftiirc Monica the mother of 
 St. Auftin, " That he, her fon, for whom fhe wept fo bitterly, and prayed 
 " fo much, fhould at.Iaft become a Chriftian''." This, I believe, the good 
 Dean confidered ; and confidering alfo that Almighty God (though the 
 caufes of dreams be often unknown) hath even in thefe latter rimes alfo, 
 by a certain illumination of the foul in fleep, difcovered many things that 
 human wifdom could not forefee : Upon thefe confiderations he refolved 
 to ufe fo prudent a remedy, by way of prevention, as might introduce no 
 great inconvenience either to himfelf or to his nephew. And to that end, 
 he wrote to the Queen (it was C^ueen Mary), and befought her, " That 
 
 "fhe 
 
 » This dream is related by St. Auguftin in Ccfi/efietium, Lib. HI. c. ii.
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 
 
 129 
 
 " (he would caufe his nephew, Thomas Wotton, to be fent for out of Kent j 
 " and that the Lords of her Council rnight interrogate him in fome fuch 
 " feigned queftions, as might give a colour for his commitment into a 
 *' favourable prifon ; declaring that he would acquaint her Majefty with 
 " the true reafon of his requeft, when he fhould next become fo happy 
 " as to fee and fpeak to h^ Majefty''." 
 
 It was done as the Dean deiired. And in prifon I muft leave Mr. Wot- 
 ton, till I have told the reader what followed. 
 
 At this time a marriage was concluded betwixt our Queen Mary, and 
 Philip King of Spain. And though this was concluded with the advice, 
 if not by the perfuafion, of her Privy Council, as having many proba« 
 bilities of advantage to this nation ; yet divers perfons of a contrary perfua- 
 fion did not only declare againft it, but alfo raifed forces to oppofe it •, 
 believing (as they faid) it would be a means to bring England to be under 
 a fubjedion to Spain', and make thofe of this nation flaves to ftrangers. 
 
 And of this number Sir Thomas Wyat, of Boxley-Abbey in Kent (be- 
 twixt whofe family, and the family of the Wottons, there had been an an- 
 cient and entire friendfhip), was the principal adtor; who having perfua- 
 ded many of the nobility and gentry (efpecially of Kent) to fide with him^ 
 and he being defeated, and taken prifoner, was legally arraigned and con- 
 demned, and loft his life : So did the Duke of Suffolk, and divers others ; 
 
 Y efpecially 
 
 "> This account feems to be confirmed by Speed. " Among many diflikers of the Queen's 
 ** marriage, it chanced one for fome other offence to be committed to the Fleet, by the Councel, luho, 
 " being an inward acquaintance of Sir Thomas Wyati's, ivas fuppofed by him to have revealed the 
 " confpiracie, "whereupon he put himfelf in aclion, before the enterprize ivas altogether ripe." (Speed's 
 
 Hyi. of Great Britain, p. 11 12.) The author of the "Account of the Deans of Canterbury," 
 
 has ingenioufly conjeftured that this dream of the good Dean was a mere poHtical contrivance, 
 the refult of deep deliberation, to preferve the life of his nephew, whofe intimacy with Sir 
 
 Thomas Wyat would probably have induced him to engage in the confpiracy. See alfo 
 
 Biogr. Brit, in the Article Wotton [[E]. 
 
 ' It was generally fuppofed at this time, that, under the femblance of introducing the 
 Romifti religion into England, the fecret defign of Philip was to fecure to himfelf the pof* 
 feffion of the Imperial Crown of England, and to make the Engliih vaflals to the power of 
 Spain. (Rennet's Hifl. of England, Vol. III. p. 339.)
 
 3 30 THE LIFE OF 
 
 efpecially many of the gentry of Kent, who were there hi fever al places 
 executed as Wyat's afhftants'. 
 
 And of this number, in all probability, had Mr. Wotton been, if he had 
 not been confined. For, though he could not be ignorant that " Another 
 " man's treafon makes it mine by concealing it," yet he durft confefs to 
 his uncle, when he returned into England, and then came to vifit him in 
 prifon, " That he had more than an intimation of Wyat's intentions," and 
 thought he had not continued adtually innocent, if his uncle had not fo 
 happily dreamed him into a prifon ; out of which place, when he was de- 
 livered by the fame hand that caufcd his commitment, they both con- 
 fidered the dream more ferioufly, and both then joined in praifmg God for 
 it ; " That God, who ties himfelf to no rules, either in preventing of evil, 
 *' or in {hewing of mercy to thofe whom of good pleafure he hath chofen 
 « to loveV 
 
 And 
 
 ' Of this Rebellion fee " Kennet's complete Hiilory of England," vol. II. p. 340. The fol- 
 lowing anecdote affords an example of loyalty and zeal at this time : 
 
 " Ralph Rokeby, Serjeant .it the Common Law» and of the anticnt family of Rokeby, of 
 •• Rokeby, near Greta-bridge, Yorkfliire, was fo eminent in his profeffion, that he refufcd the 
 " ofRce of Lord Chief Juftice, when offered to him on the ceffion of Juftice Morgan, Sir 
 *' Tho. Wiatt the rebell of Kent, againft King Philip, Q^Mary, and the Spaniards, being 
 " noifed to be coming towards London, this Ralph Rokeby went to Weftminfter in his Scr- 
 " jeant's robes to plead, and under them a good coat-armour, and hearing att Charing- 
 ** Crofs, the near approach of the rebells, he haftned him to the Queen's Court at White- 
 ** hall, ftrung and fetled an Archer of the Livery Guards' bow, that (lood there unflrung, 
 " threw down the Serjeant's robes for that time, and went to the Gate-houfe to ferve there 
 ** with a bow and a flieaf of arrows, and there tarried till the enemy yielded, and thus in the 
 *' time of need he was ready to fight with his body for his Prince againfl rebells, on whom 
 •' he had jurifdiclion in time of peace in the circuit of Northampton, Warwick, Coventre, 
 ** Leceifter, Derby, Nottingham, Lincoln, and Rutland, to adjudge of their lives, lands, and 
 *' goods, for there he was Jurtice of Albfc and Goale Delivery." (MS. Memoirs of the 
 Jtokebys, in the pojfcjfion of Francis Smyth, Ej'q. of New-buildings, Torkjhire.) 
 
 * This fentiment happily illuflrates the beneficence of Providence accomplifhing its gracious 
 purpofes in a manner belt fuited to its own difpenfations, in promoting the happinefe of gool 
 >ven.
 
 Sir henry wotton. 131 
 
 And this dream was the more confidcrable, becaufe that God, who in the 
 days of old did ufe to fpeak to his people in vilions, did feem to fpeak to 
 many of this family in dreams; of which I will alfo give the reader one 
 fliort particular of this Thomas Wotton, whofe dream.s did ufually prove 
 true, both in foretelling things to come, and difcovering things part : And 
 the particular is this. This Thomas, a little before his death, dreamed that 
 the Univerfity Treafury was robbed by tovvnfmenand poor fcholars"; and 
 that the number was five ; and being that day to write to his fon Henry 
 at Oxford, he thought it worth fo much pains, as by a poftfcript in his 
 letter, to make a flight inquiry of it. The letter (which was writ out of 
 Kent, and dated three days before) came to his fon's hands the very morn- 
 ing after the night in which the robbery was committed; and when the 
 city and univerfity were both in a perplexed inqueft of the thieves, then 
 did Sir Henry Wotton iliew his father's letter, and by it fuch light was 
 given of this work of darknefs, that the five guilty perfons were prefently 
 difcovered and apprehended, without putting the univerfity to fo much 
 trouble as the cafting of a figure*. 
 
 And it may yet be more confidcrable, that this Nicholas and Thomas 
 Wotton fhould both (being men of holy lives, of even tempers, and much 
 given to fafting and prayer) forefee and foretel the very days of their own 
 death. Nicholas did fo, being then feventy years of age, and in perfect 
 health'. Thomas did the like in the fixty-fifth year of his age; who, being 
 then in London (where he died), and forefeeing his death there, gave di- 
 
 Y 2 redion 
 
 ' Of the robbery here mentioned, no account whatever is recorded in the annals of the 
 Univerfity. 
 
 * Judicial Aftrology was much in ufe long after this time. Its predictions were received 
 with reverential awe ; and men, even of the mofl enlightened underftandings, were inclined 
 to believe that the conjunftions and oppofitions of the planets had no little influence in the 
 affairs of the world. Even the excellent Jofeph Mede difdained not to apply himfelf to the 
 ftudy of Aftrology. 
 
 ' This is intimated in the infcription on his monument, erected in the Cathedral Church of 
 Canterbury. " Hkc ille ante mortem et ante morbum quafi fatalem diem prasfentiens ct 
 •• cygncam cantioncm prophetice canens fua manu in Mufseo fcripta reliquit."
 
 132 THE LIFE OF 
 
 re(3:ion in what manner his body fliould be carried to Boclon; and, 
 though he thought his uncle Nicholas worthy of that noble monument 
 which he built for him in the Cathedral Church of Canterbury, yet this 
 humble man gave direction concerning himfelf, to be buried privately, and 
 efpecially without any pomp at his funeral. 
 
 This is fome account of this family, which feenicd to be beloved of 
 God. 
 
 BUT it may now feem more than time that I return to Sir Henry Wbt- 
 ton at Oxford, where, after his optic lefture, he was taken into fuch a 
 bofom friendlhip with the learned Albericus Gentilis* (whom I formerly 
 named), that, if it had been poffible, Gentilis would have breathed all his 
 excellent knowledge, both of the mathematics and law% into the breaft of 
 
 his 
 
 * This noted Civilian having left Italy along with his father, Matthew GentiliS) who had 
 embraced the reformed religion^ came into England and died at London in 1608, aged 58 
 
 years. He publifhed three books, " De Jure Belli;" which proved very ufeful to Grotius, in 
 his great work, " De Jure Belli et Pacis," and alfo a tradate " Dc Latinitate veteris Biblio- 
 rum Verfionis," with other works. ( DiBiormiri: HiJIorique, isfc.J 
 
 The following high encomium is given of him by Mr. Thomas Savile, in a letter to Mr. 
 Camden. " Albericum primarium olim in Italia Judicem, ChriftianK Religionis ergo nunc in 
 *' Anglii exulem, Oxonii ProfelTorem publicum, et tuo et meo nomine dignum, Virum re- 
 *' peries non unum e Tricaffinis, fed ipfam Humanitatem, mcrura Candorem, alterum denique 
 " Camd«num." (Camdeni Epijl.p. 8.) 
 
 Bayle mentions with much difapprobation a method obfcrved by Albericus Genlilis, whofe 
 eagernefs in the acquifition of knowledge impelled him to feek inftruction not lefs from con- 
 verfation than from reading. This circumftance is noticed by himfelf. " Quid deOxonien- 
 •' Cbus meis? Vel repertoria mea teftantur fatis quantum ego capiam frudlus ex eorum 
 " virorum et juvcnum colloquiis, nam in illis ego defcripfi non pauca qua;, dum minus id 
 '• ipfi cogitant, difco tamen et affervo ex fermonibus familiaribus." (Dial. HI. de Juris 
 Suterp.p. 26. J 
 
 • Civil Law. In fcveral parts of his writings he has frequent allufions to the procefles and 
 pradices obferved in the ecclefiaftical courts^ " A Ubel, whofc fubltance cannot be changed 
 " after it is once given into a civil or ecclefiaftical court, may in fome fort be declared or 
 " amended before a replication be made thercuuto. A witnefs, &c." (Fre/aee to h'u Zupplt-- 
 ment to the Hijlory of Ckri/lendom.J
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 133 
 
 hrs dear Harry; for fo Gentiiis ufed to call him; And though he was not 
 able to do that, yet there was in Sir Henry fuch a propenfity and con- 
 naturalnefs to the Italian language and thofe ftudles whereof Gentiiis was 
 a great mafter, that his friendfhip between them did daily incrcafe, and 
 proved daily advanrageous to Sir Henry, for the improvement of him in 
 feveral fciences, during his ftay in the univerfity: 
 
 From which place, before I (hall invite the reader to follow him into a. 
 foreign nation, though I muft omit to mention divers pcrfons that were 
 then in Oxford, of memorable note for learning, and friends to Sir Henry 
 Wotton, yet I mud not omit the mention of a love that was there begun 
 betwixt him and Dr. Donne'', fometime Dean of St. Paul's, a man of whofe 
 abilities I fhall forbear to fay any thing; bccaufe he who is of this nation, 
 and pretends to learning or ingenuity, and is ignorant of Dr. Donne,, de- 
 ferves not to know him. The friendflilp of thefe two I muft not omit to 
 mention, being fuch a friendfhip as was generoully elemented; and as it was 
 begun in their youth, and in an univerfity, and there maintained by cor- 
 refpondent inclinations and fludies, fo it lafted till age and death forced a 
 feparation. 
 
 In Oxford he flayed till about two years after his father's death, at which 
 time he was about the twenty-fecond year of his age: And having to his 
 great wit added the ballaft of learning and knowledge of the arts, he then 
 laid afide his books, and betqok himfelf to the ufeful library of travel, and a 
 more general converfation with mankind ; employing the remaining part 
 of his youth, his induftry, and fortune, to adorn his mind, and to pur- 
 chafe the rich treafure of foreign knowledge: Of which, both for the fe- 
 crets of Nature, the difpofitions of many nations, their feveral laws and 
 languages, he was the poffeflbr in a very large meafure, as I fhall faithfully 
 
 make 
 
 *In Dr. Donne's letters, publiflied in 1651, are feveral addrefled " To the beft knight, SiE 
 H. Wotton." Dr. Donne has thus exprefled his great regard for this his friend. 
 
 " Whom free from German fcliifmes; and lightneflc 
 
 " Of France and faire Italie's faitlileffnefTe, 
 
 " Having from tliefe fuck'd all they had of worth, 
 
 " And brought home that faith you carried forth: 
 
 " I thoroughly love. (Dckkc'i Toms, 1653. f. 6j,)
 
 134 "THE LIFE OF 
 
 make to appear, before I lake my pen from the follo"wing narration of his 
 life. 
 
 In his travels, which was ahnofl: nine years' before his return into Eng- 
 land, he flayed but one year in France, and moft of that in Geneva, where 
 he became acquainted with Theodore Beza"* (then very aged) and with 
 Ifaac Cafaubon', in whofe houfe (if I be rightly informed) Sir Henry 
 Wotton was lodged, and there contracted a moft worthy friendlhip with 
 that man of rare learning and ingenuity. 
 
 Three 
 
 ' Or radier, fix years. The ■a-rlters of the Blographia Brltannica explain the miftakc by 
 fuppofing that the tail of the 9 fliould be turned upwards to make it 6. It appears from a 
 letter to Lord Zouch, dated July 10, 1592, that he had been abroad three years. He probably 
 returned in 1595, as' he was appointed Secretary to the Earl of EiTex, after his return, in 1596, 
 vhen he was in the 27th or 28th year of his age. In his letters to the above nobleman he has 
 given an entertaining account of his travels, under the difguife of a Dutchman, and particu- 
 larly of his journey to Rome, where he diftinguifhed himfelf by wearing a large blue feather 
 in a black hat. At Sienna he learned of Sciplo Alberti the maxim which he recommended to 
 Milton, " Ifenfierijlretti et il v'lfo fcioltc." 
 
 * Theodore Beza died at Geneva, Ocl. 13, 1605, ngcd 86 years. This learned foreigner 
 encouraged the Puritans in England, and in 1566 wrote with much confidence to Bilhop 
 Grindal in their behalf. Yet however attached he might be to the difcipline of his own 
 church at Geneva, ajid he was very zealous for a Prefbyterian government, and by no means 
 fo moderate as Calvin in that refpe£t, it appears from fcveral of his letters to Arclibifliop 
 Whitgift, that he retained the highefl regard and veneration for the Church of England. His 
 Biographer, Melchior Adam, has given this chara£ter of him. " Ingenio fummo, judicio 
 " accurate, memoria tenaciffima, facundia fingulari, aftabilitate et comitate nulli fecundus, 
 " adeo ut, propter, commemoratas dotes, adjunfta illis vitse longsevitate (quae tamen omnia 
 " erant inferiorafummatloftrina et pktate)quidam vocarent Bezam atatis/ua Phoenicem." 
 
 • " Here I am placed to my very great contentment in the houfe of Mr. Ifaac Cafaubon, a 
 •* perfon of fober condition among tbe French, and this is all I can fignifie of myfelf, my 
 •' little affairs not allowing me mudi to fpcak of." (Letter to my Lord Zouch, Aug. 22, 1593, 
 Geneva.) 
 
 This illuftrious fcholar, pronounced by Jofeph Scaligcr to be the befl Grecian of his time, 
 was born at Geneva in 1559. He read lectures on the Belles Lettres, firft at his native place, 
 ,2ud afterward at Paris. Henry IV. of France appointed him his Librarian, and in vain at- 
 tempted
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 
 
 ^3S 
 
 Three of the remaining eight years were fpent in Germany, the other 
 five in Italy (the ftage on which God appointed he fhould ad: a great part 
 of his life); where both in Rome', Venice, and Florence, he became ac- 
 quainted with the moft eminent men for learning, and all manner of arts; 
 as Piilure, Sculpture, Chymiftry, Architecture, and other manual arts, even 
 arts of inferior nature ; of all which he was a moft dear lover, and a moft 
 excellent judge. 
 
 He 
 
 tempted to withdraw him from his profefTion of the reformed religion. After the untimely 
 death of that Monarch, having obtained permlffion from the Queen Regent of France to leave 
 the kingdom for a limited time, he came in Odlobcr 1610, along witli Sir Henry Wotton into 
 England, where he was received by James I. with marks of peculiar kiudnefs, rewarded with 
 an annual penfion of three hundred pounds, and with' valuable church-preferment. He was 
 efteemed not more for his learned works than for his fingular affability and moderation. He 
 approved Epifcopacy. In his works he calls himfelf " Hortibonus," a good garden : Cafauy in 
 the language of Dauphin?, fignifying a gprden, and bon good. It is well known that Ifaac 
 Cafaubon and Grotius, extremely anxious to form an union between the Popifli and Pro- 
 teftant churches, had communicated their fentiments to each other upon this matter with 
 great freedom. 
 
 Morton, Bifiiop of Durham, caufcd a momiment at his own expcncc to b» creeled to tke 
 memory of this learned man. 
 
 " Qui noffe vu!t Cafaubonum 
 •• Non faxa fed chartas legat 
 •• Superfuturas marmori 
 " Et profuturas pofteris." 
 
 When Lord Herbert of Cherbury went to Paris in the earlier period of his life, he wa», 
 by the recommendation of tlie Englifh Ambaffador, received into the houfe of that incom- 
 parable fcholar, Ifiac Cafaubon, by whofe learned converfation he much benefited him- 
 felf. (Lifi of Lord Herbert, printed at Strawberry Hill, p. 6g.j 
 
 * " The very feat and fink of all corruption, to which," as he writes In a letter to King 
 James, " my wandering curiofity carried me no lefs than four times in my younger years, 
 "where I fixed my fludies moft upon the hiftorical part in the politic managcmci: of r'i- 
 *• ligion ; which I found plainly converted from a rule of confcicuce to nn inflrument of ftate^, 
 ♦' and from the miftrefs of all fcicnces into the very handmaid of Ambition,"
 
 T36 THE LIFE OF 
 
 He returned out of Italy into England about the thirtieth year of his 
 age, being then noted by many both for his pcrfon and comportment : For 
 indeed he was of a choice fhape, tall of ftature, and of a moft perfuafive be- 
 haviour ; which was fo mixed with fweet difcourfe and civilities, as^gaiired 
 him much love from all pcrfons with whom he entered into an acquaint- 
 ance. 
 
 And whereas he was noted in his youth to have a fharp wit, and apt to 
 jeft; that, by time, travel, and converfation, was fo poliflied, and made fo 
 ufeful, that his company feemed to be one of the delights of mankind; in- 
 fomuch as Robert Earl of EfTex' (then one of the <3arlings of Fortune, 
 and in greateft favour with Queen Elizabeth) invited him firftinto a friend- 
 fhip, and, after a knowledge of his great abilities, to be one of his Secre- 
 taries, the other being Mr. Henry Cuffe", fometime of Merton College in 
 
 Oxford 
 
 ^ See Sir Henry "Wotton's " Parallel betwixt Robert Earl of Eflex and George T)ukc of 
 
 Buckingham." ( Reliq. Wotton, p. 161.) ^Thls parallel was animadverted upon by Lord 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 ' * The unfortunate Secretary of Robert Devereux, Earl of Eflex. He is generally fuppofcS 
 to have advifed ihofe violent meafurcs which ended in the deftruftion of his noble patron. 
 His charafter as a fcholar was eftabliflied by the tra£l, " De rebus geftis in fanclo Concilio 
 .*' Nicoeno," a tranflation from Greek into Latin. He fufFered for the fame offence with his 
 mafter. Sir Henry Wotton defcribes Cuffe as " A man of fecret ambitious ends of his own, 
 " and of proportionate counfels, fmothered under the habit of a fcholar, and flubbered over 
 *• with a certain rude and clownifh fafliion that had the femblance of integrity." (Reliq. 
 
 Wotton. p. \Zo.) He is called by Camden, " Vir cxquifitiffima doQrind ingenioque acer- 
 
 " rimo, fed turbido et tortuofo," Owen, the Epigrammatifl, wrote the following lines upon 
 bim: 
 
 ■ " Do(5Vus eras Grssce, felixque tibi fuit Alpha, 
 " At fuit infclix Omega, Cufte, tuum." 
 
 ' In the beginning 6f his account of " The State of Chriftendom," he pathetically laments 
 his voluntary banifliment. " That day fliould have been more joyful unto me than the day of 
 •*' my birth and nativity, wherein I might have feen a letter from any of my friends with 
 " affurance of my pardon to call me home. But I find m^^'elf fo much inferior to Coriola- 
 *' mis in good fortune, as I come behind him in manly valour, and other laudable qualities." 
 
 Ti; TO s7if!o-Qai TrarpiJos n xaxon juiytC}
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 137 
 
 Oxford (and there'alfo the acquaintance of Sir Henry Wotton in his youth) ; 
 Mr. Cuffe being then a man of no common note in the univerfity for his 
 learning, nor after his removal from that place, for the great abilities of his 
 mind, nor indeed for the fatalnefs of his end. 
 
 Sir Henry Wotton, being now taken into a ferviceable friendfhip with 
 the Earl of Eflex, did perfonally attend his councils and employments in 
 two voyages at fea againfl the Spaniards, and alfo in that (which was the 
 Earl's laft) into Ireland : That voyage wherein he then did fo much pro- 
 voke the Queen to anger, and worfe at his return into England ; upon 
 whofe immoveable favour the Earl had built fuch fandy hopes, as encou- 
 raged him to thofe undertakings ; which, with the help of a contrary 
 fadlion, fuddenly caufed his commitment to the Tower. 
 
 Sir Henry Wotton obferving this, though he was not of that fadion (for 
 the Earl's followers were alfo divided into their feveral interefts) which 
 encouraged the Earl to thofe undertakings which proved fo fatal to him 
 and divers of his confederation ; yet knowing treafon to be fo comprehen- 
 five, as to take in even circumftances, and out of them to make fuch pofi- 
 tive conclufions as fubtle ftatefmen fhall J)rojedt, either for their revenge 
 or fafety : Confidering this, he thought prevention by abfence out of Eng- 
 land', a better fecurity than to ftay in it, and there plead his innocency 
 in a prifon. Therefore did he, fo loon as the Earl was apprehended, very 
 quickly, and as privately glide through Kent to Dover, without fo much as 
 looking toward his native and beloved Bodlon ; and was by the help of 
 favourable winds and liberal payment of the mariners, within fixteen hours 
 after his departure from London, fet upon the French fhore ; where he 
 heard fhortly after, that the Earl was arraigned, condemned, and beheaded; 
 and that his friend Mr. Cuffe was hanged, and divers other perfons of emi- 
 nent quality executed. 
 
 The times did not look fo favourable upon Sir Henry Wotton, as to in- 
 vite his return into England ; Having therefore procured of Sir Edward 
 Wotton, his elder brother, an afllirance that his annuity Ihould be paid him 
 in Italy, thither he went ; happily renewing his intermitted friendfliip and 
 intereft, and indeed his great content in a new converfation with his old 
 
 Z acquaintance 
 
 ' See the cppcfite page for the note here ref erred to.
 
 1 33 THE LIFE OF 
 
 acqualiitance in that nation, and more paiticulaily in Bloicncc (which 
 city is not more eminent for the Great Duke's Court, tlian for the great re- 
 courfe of men of choiceft note for learning and arts), in which number lie 
 there met with his old friend, Signior Vietta, a gentleman of Venice, and 
 then taken to be Secretary to fhc Great Duke of Tuilany. 
 
 After foine flay in Florence", he went, the fourth time, to vifit Rome; 
 where in the Englifh college he had very many friends ^tlicir humanity 
 made them really fo^ though they knew him to be a diflenter from many 
 of their principles of religion), and having enjoyed their company, and 
 fatisfied himfelf concerning fome curiofities that did partly occallon his 
 journey thither, he returned back to Florence, where a mofl: notable acci- 
 dent befell him: An accident that did not only find new employment for 
 his choice abilities, but did introduce him to a knowledge and an interetl with 
 our King James, then King of Scotland ; which I lliall proceed to rehite. 
 
 But firft, I am to tell the reader, that though Queen Elizabeth (or ihe 
 and her council) were never v.illing to declare her fucceflbr ; yet James, then 
 King of the Scots, was confidently believed by moft to be the man upon 
 whom the fweet trouble of kingly government would be impofed : And 
 the Queen declining very faft, both by age and vifible infirmities, thofe 
 that were of the Romiih pcrfuafion in point of religion (even Rome itfelf, 
 aiul thofe of this nation,) knowing that the death of the Queen, and the 
 
 eftablifliing 
 
 ^ Hurc he compofcd his great work, "The State of Chriftendom ; or a mod Exa£l and Cu- 
 rious Dil'covery of many Secret Paflages and Hidden Myfleries of the Times," 1657. foho. — 
 A fecond edition appeared in 1677, with feveral additions. The defign of the Author feems to 
 have been to ingratiate himfelf with Queen Elizabeth ; on the tranfaclions of whofe reign he 
 expatiates in all the language of panegyric. 
 
 That men of learning fliould fix their refidence at Florence we need not wonder, wlicn we 
 rellecl that this city has been long celebrated for its many excellent libraries, and principally 
 for the ducal palace, which contains the greatefl and moft valuable colleftion made hy one 
 family, and within one roof, of ancient and modern fculpturc, paintings and curiofities of 
 every kind, both natural and artlficicl. Yet Sir Henry Wotton has given a very unfavourable 
 account of this place. " I live here in a Paradife inhabited by devils. Venice hath fcarce 
 " heard of thofe vices whicli arc here pradlifcd. My heft commodity is the converfation of 
 " certain gentlemen, and their vulgar very pure and corredt. So that here we have good 
 " means to learn to fpeak well and to do ill." (Letter to Lord Zoiich, Florence, Jiaie 25, 1 592. _^
 
 SIR HENRY VVOTTON. log 
 
 ellablifhing of her fucceffbr, were taken to be critical days for deflroylriT 
 or eftablifliing the Proteftant religion in this nation, did therefore improve 
 all opportunities for preventing a Proteftant prince to fucceed her. And 
 as the Pope's excommunication of Queen Elizabeth' had, both by ihe 
 judgment and pradtice of the Jefuited Papift, expofed her to be warrantably 
 deftroyed ; fo (if we may believe an angry adversary "", " a Secular Prieft 
 againft a Jefuit,") you may believe, thai about that time there were many 
 endeavours, firft to excommunicate, and then to fhorten the life of King 
 James. 
 
 Immediately after Sir Henry Wotton's return from Rome to Florence 
 (which was about a year before the death of Qiieen Elizabeth), Ferdinand, 
 
 Z 2 • the 
 
 ' Pope Pius V. without any previous admonition or citation, had pafTed a private fentence of 
 excommunication upon Queen Elizabeth ; which, in 1576, he caufed to be publilhed, and to be 
 fixed upon the Bifhop of London's palace-gate. By this exertion of his authority, he depofed 
 
 her from her kingdom, and enjoined all her fubjefts to throw off their allegiance to her. . 
 
 This Bull was completely anfwered by a foreign divine, Henry Bullinger, a minifter of the 
 Reformed Church at Zurich. On this Bull BifJiop Jewell addrefled his congregation in ani- 
 mated language, telling them, — That he had read it and weighed it thoroughly, and found it 
 to be a matter of great blafphemy againft God, and a practice to work much unquietnefs > 
 fedition, and treafon againft our blefied ^nd profperous government: " For it depofed the 
 " Queen's Majefty from her royal feat, and tore the crown from lier head. It difcharged all 
 " her natural fubjetls from all due obedience. It armed one fide of them againft another. 
 " It emboldened them to burn, to fpoil, to rob, to kill, to cut one another's throats • like 
 *' Pandora's box fent to Epimetheus, full of hurtful and unwholefome evils." ( Byhop Jewell's 
 Worh.) 
 
 ■" William Watfon, a fecular prieft, compofed a book, \vTitten with great acrimony in the 
 fcolaftic method ufually obfen-cd at that time, confifting of ten quodlibets; each of which is 
 fubdivided into as many articles. It difclofeth the character and conduct of the Jefuitsj ex- 
 hibiting in proper colours dieir arts of equivocation and mental refcr%'ation. Yet this man, fo 
 acute in difcerning the errors of others, was hanged in 1603, for High Treafon, along with 
 William Clark, a Popifti prieft, and George Brook, brother to Lord Cobham, in confpiring 
 the death of James I. He had deceived his accomplices by inftrudling them, " That the 
 " King, before his coronation, was not an actual but a political king, and therefore no treafou 
 ".could be committed againft him." (See the State Trials.)
 
 I40 tTHE LIFE OF 
 
 the Great Duke of Florence", had intercepted certain letters that difcovered 
 a defign to take away the life of James the then King of Scots. The Duke 
 abhorring the faft, and refolving to endeavour a prevention of it, advifed 
 with his Secretary Victta, by vrhat means a caution might be befl: given 
 to that king ; and after confideration, it was refolved to be done by Sir 
 Henry Wotton, whom Vietta firft commended to the Duke, and tJie Duke 
 had noted and approved of above all the Englifli that frequented his 
 court. 
 
 Sir Henry was gladly called by his friend Vietta to the Duke, who, after 
 much profeflion of truft and friendfliip, acquainted him with the fecret ; 
 and being well inftrucSled, dcfpatched him into Scotlatid with letters to the 
 King, and, with thofe letters, fuch Italian antidotes againft poifon" as 
 the Scots till then had been ftrangers to. 
 
 Having parted from the Duke, he took up the name and language of 
 an Italian ; and thinking it beft to avoid the line of Englilh intelligence 
 and danger, he ported into Norway, and through that country towards 
 Scotland, where he found the King at Stirling : Being there, he ufed 
 means by Bernard Lindfcy, one of the King's bed-chamber, to procure 
 
 him 
 
 " Ferdinand I. of the houfe of Medici, who in 1589 fucceeded his brother Francis I. was 
 educated for the church, and advanced to the dignity of a cardinal. He rcfigned his hat 
 when he was 52 years of age. A wife and excellent prince, he applied himfelf to domeftic 
 affairs and governed his fubjedls with great mildnefs. He died in 1609. His character is 
 drawn by Sir Henry Wotton in the "Reliquix Wottonianx," p. 243. He is dcfcribed by a 
 foreign hiftorian in thefe words : " Princeps animo excelfo, et omnibus, politicis artibus in 
 " tantum inftruttus, ut in multis feculis vix xqualcm habuerit." 
 
 " " This Duke," fays Sir Henry Wotton, in an addrefs to Charles I. " wJiile I was a pri- 
 vate traveller in Florence, and went fomctime by chance (fure I am without any defign) to 
 his court, was plcafed out of fomc gracious conceit which he took of my fidelity (for nothing 
 elfe could move it), to employ me into Scotland, with a cafkct of antidotes and prefcrvatives 
 (wherein he did excel all the princes of the world), and -with a defpatch of high and fecret 
 importance, which he had intercepted touching feme practice upon the fucceffion to this 
 crown ; fo as I am much obliged to his memory, though it was a painful journey, for that 
 honour, and other favours and beneficences; and efpecially becaufe I came thereby firft into the 
 notice of the king your father of ever blefled memory, when your Majcfty was but a blooming 
 rofe." — (Reliq. Wottfii. p. 246.)
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 141 
 
 him a fpeedy and private conference with his Majefty ; afluring him, " That 
 " the bufmefs which he was to negociate was of fuch confequence, as had 
 *' caufed the Great Duke of Tufcany to enjoin him fuddcnly to leave his 
 " native country of Italy, to impart it to his king." 
 
 This being by Bernard Lindfey made known to the King, the King, 
 after a little wonder (mixed with jealoufy) to hear of an Italian ambaifa- 
 dor or mclTenger, required his name (which was faid to be 0£lavio 
 Baldi"), and appointed him to be heard privately at a fixed hour that 
 evening. 
 
 When Odavio Baldi came to the prefence-chamber door, he was re- 
 quefted to lay afide his long rapier (which Italian-like he then wore), and 
 being entered the chamber, he found there with the King three or four 
 Scotch lords {landing diftant in feveral corners of the chamber, at the 
 fight of whom he made a (land ; which the King obferving, " bade him 
 " be bold, and deliver his meffage ; for he would undertake for the fecrecy 
 " of all that were prefent.'' Then did Odlavio Baldi deliver his letters and 
 his melliige to the King in Italian : which when the King had gracioufly 
 received, after a little paufe, Odtavio Baldi fteps to the table, and whifpers 
 to the King in his own language, that he was an Englifliman, befeeching 
 him for a more private conference with his Majefty, and that he might be 
 concealed during his ftay in that nation ; which was promifed, and really 
 performed by the King during all his abode there, which was about three 
 months : all which time was fpent with much pleafantnefs to the King, 
 and with as much to Oftavio Baldi himfelf as that country could afford ; 
 from which he departed as true an Italian as he came thither. 
 
 To the Duke at Florence he returned with a fair and grateful account of 
 his employment ; and within fome few months after his return, there came 
 
 certain 
 
 P In a letter to the king, dated Dec. 9, 1622, Sir Henry Wotton ftyles himfelf, " Tour 
 Majefty's faithful vaffal, and long devoted poor fervant Oclavio Baldi." ( Rcliq. Wottoti. p. 24-.) 
 And in a letter to Henry Prince of Wales, dated from Venice, April 14, 1608, he alludes 
 to this circumflance of his life, calling himfelf " a poor counterfeit Italian." He probably 
 aflumed this name out of regard to the memory of Barnardino Baldi, Abbot of Guaflalla, a 
 great mafter in his favourite fcience of architecture, and quoted by him as a commentator on 
 Ariftotle's Mechanics.
 
 1^2 THE LIFE OF 
 
 certain news to Florence, that Queen Elizabeth was dead, and James, 
 King of the Scots, proclaimed King of England. The Duke knowing 
 travel and bufmefs to be the beft fchools of wifdom, and that Sir Henry 
 Wotton had been tutored in both, advifed him to return prefently to 
 England, and there joy the King with his new and better title, and wait 
 there upon Fortune- for a better employment. 
 
 When King Ja' :!es came into England, he found, amongft other of the 
 late Queen's officers, Sir Edward, who was, after Lord Wotton, Compt- 
 roller of the Houfe, of whom he demanded, " If he knew one Henry 
 *' Wotton, that had fpent much time in foreign travel ?" The lord replied, 
 he knew him well, and that he was his brother : Then the King, afking 
 ■where he then was, was anfwered, at Venice or Florence ; but by late 
 letters from thence he underftood he would fuddenly be at Paris. " Send 
 *' for him," faid the King; " and when he fhall come into England, bid 
 " him repair privately to me." The Lord Wotton, after a little wonder, 
 afkcd the King, " If he knew him?" to which the King anfwered, " You 
 " mufl: rell unfatisfied of that till you bring the gentleman to me." 
 
 Not many months after this difcourfe, the Lord Wotton brought his 
 brother to attend the King, who took him in his arms, and bade him wel- 
 come, by the name of 06lavio Baldi; faying he was the moft honefl, and 
 therefore the beft diflembler that ever he met with : And faid, " Seeing I 
 " know you neither want learning, travel, nor experience, and that I 
 " have had fo real a teftimony of your faithfulnefs and abilities to manage 
 *' an ambaflage, I have fent for you to declare my purpofe ; which is, to 
 *' make ufe of you in that kind hereafter." And ifideed the/ King did fo 
 moft of thofe two-and-twenty years of his reign ; but before he difmiffed 
 Odavio Baldi from his prcfent attendance upon him, he rcftorcd him to 
 his old name of Henry Wotton, by which he then knighted him''* 
 
 Not long after this, the King having refolved, according to his motto 
 " BE ATI PACiFici"' to have a friendfliip with his neighbour kingdoms of 
 
 France 
 
 ' James I. was as liberal in the dlftribution of honours, as his predeceflbr Queen Elizabeth 
 •was fparing. In 1C03 he conferred knighthood on more than five hundred perfons. 
 
 ' James I. heard with great pleafure the epfthet of the " pacific" monarch applied to him- 
 felf. " I know not by what fortune the diBon of pacific was added to my title at my coming 
 
 into
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 143 
 
 France and Spain ; and alfo for divers weighty rcafons, to enter into an 
 alliance with the ftate of Venice, and to that end to fend ambafTadors to 
 thofe feveral places, did propofe the choice of thefe employments to Sir 
 Henry Wotton ; who confidering the fmallnefs of his own eftate (which 
 he never took care to augment), and knowing the courts of gixat princes 
 to be fumptuous, and necelfarily expenfive, inclined moft to that of Venice, 
 as being a place of more retirement, and beft fuiting with his genius, who 
 did ever love to join with bufmcfs, ftudy, and a trial of natural experi- 
 ments : for both which, fruitful Italy, that darling of Nature, and cheriflier 
 of all arts, is fo juftly famed in all parts of the Chriftian world. 
 
 Sir Henry having after fome fhort time and confideration refolved upon 
 Venice, and a large allowance being appointed by the King for his voyage 
 thither, and a fettled maintenance during his flay there, he left England', 
 nobly accompanied through France to Venice by gentlemen of the befl 
 families and breeding that this nation afforded : they were too many to 
 name, but thefe two, for the following reafons, may not be omitted. Sir 
 Albertus Morton his nephew, who went his fecreiary; and William' Bedel, 
 a man of choice learning, and fandlified wifdom, who went his chaplain. 
 And though his dear friend Dr. Donne (then a private gentleman) was 
 not one of the number that did perfonally accompany him in this voyage, 
 yet the reading of the following letter fent by him to Sir Henry Wotton, 
 the morning before he- left England, may teftify he wanted not his friend's 
 befl wiflies to attend him. 
 
 LETTER. 
 
 " into England, that of the /yon exprelTing true fortitude having been my di^o>i before : But I 
 " am not afhanied of this addition; for King Solomon was a figure of Chrifl, in that, that 
 " he was a King of Peace. The greatcft gift that our Saviour gave his apollles immediately 
 " before his afcenfion was, that he left his peace with them, he himfelf having prayed for his 
 " perfecutors and forgiven his own death, as the proverb is." (King Jameses ff^aris, p. 590.) 
 
 • In 1604.
 
 144 THE LIFE OF 
 
 LETTER. 
 
 After thofe reverend pnpers, whofe foul is 
 
 Our good and great King's lov'd hand and fear'J name: 
 
 By which to you he derives much of his, 
 
 And how he may makes you almoft the fame ; 
 
 A taper of his torch ; a copy writ 
 
 From his original, and a fair beam 
 
 Of the fmie warm and dazzling fun, though it 
 
 Mud in another fphere his virtue ftream : 
 
 After thofe learned papers which your hand 
 Hath ftored with notes of ufe andpleafure too ; 
 From which rich treafury you may command 
 Fit matter whether you will write or do. 
 
 After thofe loving papers which friends fend 
 With glad grief to your feaward ftcps farewcJ, 
 And thicken on you now, as prayers afcend 
 To heaven on troops at a good man's pafhng-bell' : 
 
 Admit this honeft paper ; and allow 
 It fuch an audience as yourfelf would aflc ; 
 What you would fay at Venice, this fays now. 
 And has for nature what you have for talk. 
 
 To fwcar much love ; nor to be chang'd before 
 Honour alone will to your fortune fit ; 
 Nor fhall I then honour your fortune more, 
 Than I have done your honour-wanting-wit. 
 
 But 
 
 • The foul-bell was tolled before the departure of a perfon out of life, as a fignal for good 
 men to offer up their prayers for the dfmg. Hence the abufe commenced of praying for the 
 dead. " Aliquo mor'iente campan^e debent pulfari, ut populus hoc audiens oret pro illo." 
 (Durandi Rationale.)
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 145; 
 
 But 'tis an eafier load (though both opprefs) 
 
 To want, than govern greatnefs ; for we are. 
 In that our own and only bufinefs i 
 
 In this, we muft for others' vices care. 
 
 'Tis therefore well your fpirits now arc plac'd 
 
 In their lafl furnace, in adlivity, 
 "Which fits them : fchools, and courts, and wars o'er-paft 
 
 To touch and tafte in any bed degree. 
 
 For me ! (if there be fuch a thing as I) 
 
 Fortune (if there be fuch a thing as flic) 
 Finds that I bear fo well her tyranny. 
 
 That flie thinks nothing elfe fo fit for me". 
 
 But though flie part us, to hear my oft prayers 
 
 For your increafe, God is as near me here : 
 And, to fend you what I fliall beg, his ftairs 
 
 In length and cafe aj:e alike every where. 
 
 J. DONNE. 
 
 Sir Henry Wotton was received by the State of Venice with much honour 
 and gladnefs, both for that he deUvered his Ambafliige moft elegantly in 
 the Italian language, and came alfo in fuch a juncture of time, as his 
 matter's friendfhip feemed ufeful for that republic. The time of his com- 
 ing thither was about the year 1604. Leonardo Donate being then Duke, 
 a wife and refolved man, and to all purpofes fuch (Sir Henry Wotton 
 would often fay it) as the State of Venice could not then have wanted, 
 there having been formerly in the time of Pope Clement VIII. fome con- 
 tefts about the privileges of churchmen, and the power of the civil ma- 
 giflrate ; of which, for the information of common readers, I fliall fay a 
 httle, becaufe it may give light to fome palfages that follow.. 
 
 A a About 
 
 " The author of thcfe lines was then ftruggling with poverty and domeftic diftrefs.
 
 146 THE LIFE OF 
 
 About the year 1603, the republic of Venice made feveral injundions 
 agaiall lay perfons giving lands or goods to the church, without licence 
 from fhe civil magiftrate"; and in that inhibition, they exprelTed their rea- 
 fons to be, ' For that when any goods or land once came into the hands 
 " of th:; ecci^^iaflics, it was not fubje£t to alienation, by reafon whereof 
 *' (the ' ly piople being at theii ''cath charitabL even to excefs) the clergy 
 *' g"'. every day more numerous, and pretended an exemption from all 
 ** public fervice and taxes, and from all fecular jud^^ment ; fo that the bur- 
 *' den grew thereby too heavy to be borne by the laity.'' 
 
 Another occafiorj of difference wns, that about this time complaints were 
 juftly made by the Venetians againfl: two clergymen, the Abbot of Nervefa, 
 and a Canon of Vicenza, for committing fuch fins, as I think not lit to 
 name: Nor aic thefe mentioned with an intent to fix afcandal upon any 
 calling. For holinefs is not tied to ecclefiailical orders, and Italy is ob- 
 ferved to breed the moft virtuous and moll vicious men of any nation. — 
 Thefe two having been long complained of at Rome, in the name of the" 
 State of Venice, and ho fatisfadtion being given to the Venetians, they 
 feized the perfons of this abbot and canon, and committed theni to prifon. 
 
 The juftice or injuflice of fuch, or the like power then ufcd by the Ve- 
 netians, had formerly had foine calm debates betwixt the former Pope 
 Clement VIII. and that republic": I fay calm, for he did not excommuni- 
 cate them ; confidering, as I conceive, that in the late council of Trent it was 
 
 at 
 
 " Tiiey alfo made injurKflions " Againfl the unneccffliry iiicreafe of new churches, convents, 
 *' and other religious buildings within their dominions," 
 
 * Clement VIII. the admirer of Mr. Richard Hooker's vaR erudition was a munificent patron 
 of learning, having promoted to the purple, Bcllarmine, Baronius, and many other emrnent 
 fcholars. Sir Henry Wotton in a letter to Lord Zouch, from Florence, July 25, 1592, gives us 
 the following anecdote of this Pope. " The Pope (Clement VIII.) in this laft general examina- 
 " tion of the clergy In St. John Lateran hath depofed four,canonifts of that church, the one for 
 *' having ' Plutarch's Lives' found on hio table, the reft for failing in declining of. nouns and 
 *' verbs." He has drawn his character in another letter to the fame nobleman, Florence, May 
 f, 1592I; and in a letter from Florence, July 27> 1592, he declares, that Clement had " la 
 
 " fantita 
 
 i
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. ^ 147 
 
 at laft (after many politic difturbances and delays, and endeavours to pre- 
 ferve the Pope's prefent power) in order to a general reformation of thofe 
 many errors, which were in time crept into the church, declared by the 
 council, " That though difcipline, and efpecial excommunication, be one 
 " of the chief fmews of church-government, and intended to keep men in 
 " obedience to it ; for which end it was declared to be very profitable : 
 "' Yet it was alfo declared, and advifed to be ufed with great fobriety and 
 *' care ; becaufe experience had informed them, that when' it was pro- 
 " nounced unadvifedly or rafhiy, it became more contemned than feared'." 
 And, though this was the advice of that council at the conclufion of it, 
 which was not many years before this quarrel with the Venetians, yet this 
 prudent patient Pope Clement dying. Pope Paul V. who fucceedcd him 
 (though not immediately, yet in the fame year), being a man of a much hotter 
 temper, brought this difference with the Venetians to a much higher con- 
 tention ; objecting thofe late afts of that State, to be a diminution of his 
 juft, power, and limited a time of twenty-four days for their revocation ; 
 threatening, if he were not obeyed, to proceed to the excommunication of 
 the republic, who ftill offered to fhew both reafon and ancient cuftom to 
 warrant their aftions. But this Pope, contrary to his predeceffor's modera- 
 tion, required abfolute obedience wicl^out difputes. 
 
 Thus it condnued for about a year : the Pope ftill threatening excom- 
 munication, and the Venetians ftill anfwering him with fair fpeeches, and 
 no compliance; till at laft the Pope's zeal to the Apoftolic fee did make 
 him to excommunicate the Duke, the whole fenate, and all their domini- 
 
 A a 2 ons : 
 
 " f jiuita di Pio quarto, la prudentia di Gregorli Kill, et la fcverita di Sifto V."; Leo XI. the 
 
 immediate fucceflbr of Clement VIII. died on the 29th day of his pontificate. Upon his death, 
 Paul V. was advanced to the Papal dignity, in preference to two learned Antagonifts, Bellar- 
 mlue and Baronius a pontiiFof a haughty, vindictive, and violent fpirit, who, as hath already 
 been obferved, difgraced his character by an exprefs approbation of the dotlrineof SUAREZ 
 the Jcfuit, in defence of " The Murder of Kings." 
 
 1 " "When it is denounced raflily for a fmall caufe." ( Hijlory of the Cotincil of Trent, iranjlaitd 
 by Sir Nathaniel Brent, p. 754.) But fee Father Courayer's remark on tlus paflage in his ele- 
 gant French verfiou.
 
 14S THE LIFE OF 
 
 ons ; and that done to flint up all tlicir churches : charging the whole 
 clergy to forbear all facrcd ofEccs to the Venetians, till their obedience 
 fliould render them capable of abfolution. 
 
 But this aO. of the Pope's did but the more confirm the Venetians in 
 their refolution not to obey him. And to that end, upon the hearing of 
 the Pope's interdid, they prefently publiflxed, by found of trumpet, a pro- 
 clamation to this cffedt : — 
 
 " That whofoevcr hath received from Rome any copy of a papal inter- 
 *' didt, piiblifl^ed there, as well againft the law of God as agaiuft the honour 
 *' of this nation, fliall prefently render it to the Council of Ten upon pain 
 " of death^ And made it lofs of^ftate and nobility but to fpeak in behalf 
 " of the Jefuits." 
 
 Then was Duado, their ambaffador, called home from Rome, and the In- 
 quifition prefently fufpended by order of the (late : And the floodgates being 
 thus fet open, any man that had a pleafant or fcofling wit might fafely 
 vent it againft the pope, either by free fpeaking or by libels in print ; and 
 both became very pleafant to the people. 
 
 Matters thus heightened, the flate advifed with father Paul', a holy and 
 learned friar, the author of*' The Hiftory of the Council of Trent," whofc 
 advice was, " Neither to provoke the Pope, nor lofe their own right ;" he 
 declaring publicly in print, in the name of the flate, " That the Pope was 
 ** trufled to keep two keys, one of prudence and the other of power ; and 
 
 *' that 
 
 ^ The Venetians had at this time banifhed the Jefuits from their territories, becaufe they 
 had rendered thcmfclvcs peculiarly obnoxious by their implicit adherence to the papal power. 
 
 ' "We have already had occafion to name this venerable eccleiladic. The Hiftory of tlic 
 Council of Trent was publiflied as the work of Pietro Soave Polano, the anagram of his name. 
 His principal adverfarics in the Venetian caufe were Bellarminc and Caronius, the two great 
 champions of their church. It was faid of Father Paul, that " He not only knew more than 
 " other men, but that he knew better;" and that *' he feemed to have wifdom by habit." 
 Attempts have been recently made by fome modern writers timong the high Catholics, as they 
 are denominated, to depreciate the fame and invalidate the authority of this great man. Thefe 
 attempts are vain. His works will be held in veneration lonj after the names of his adverfa* 
 ties are funk into oblivion.
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 145 
 
 '• that if they ^vere not both ufed together, power alone Is not effedual in 
 " an excommunication." 
 
 And thus thcfc difcontents and oppofitions continued, till a report 
 ■was blown abroad that the Venetians were all turned Proteflants ; which 
 was believed by many : for tliat it was obferved that the Englilh ambaf- 
 fador was fo often in conference with the fenate ; and his chaplain, Mr. 
 Bedel'', more often with Father Paul, whom the people did not take to be 
 his friend : And alfo, for that the republic of Venice was known to give 
 tommiflion to Gregory Juftiniano, then their ambaflador in England, to 
 make all thefe proceedings known to the King of England, and to crave a 
 promifc of his affiilance, if need fhould require ; and In the mean time they 
 required the King's advice and judgment; which was the fame that he gave 
 to Pope Clement, at his hrft coming to the crown of England — (that pope 
 then moving him to an union with the Roman church); — namely, " To 
 " endeavour the calling of a free council for the fettlement of peace in Chri- 
 " ftendom ; and that he doubted not but that the French king, and divers 
 *' other princes, would join to afFift in fo good a v^oik; and in the mean time 
 " the fin of this breach, both with his and the Venetian dominions, muft 
 *' of neceffity lie at the Pope's door." 
 
 In tliis contention, which lafted almoft two years, the Pope grew ftlU 
 higher, and the Venetians more and more refolved and carelefs ; ftill ac- 
 quainting King James with their proceedings, which was done by the help 
 of Sir Henry Wotton, Mr. Bedel, and Padre Paulo, whom the Venetians 
 did then call to be one of their confulters of ftate, and vvnth his pen to de- 
 fend their juft caufe : Which was by him fo performed, that the Pope iiiw 
 plainly he had weakened his power by exceeding It, and offered the Ve- 
 netians abfolution upon very eafy terms ; which the Venetians ftlU flight- 
 ing, did at laft obtain by that which was fcarce fo much as a fliew of ac- 
 knowledging it. For they made an order, that In that day in which they 
 
 were 
 
 •* Afterward Bifl-.op of Kllmore, in Irelandi liuring his refklence at Venice for eiglit years, 
 he contraifted an intimate acquaintance with Father Paul, who taught him the Italian language, 
 and who was much afHicled when Mr. Bedel returned to England, to whom at his departure 
 he prefcnted his pifture, the MSS. of his HiPtory of the Council of Trent, his Hiflory of the 
 InterditT: and Inquifition, with other literary doiiationsj
 
 I.O 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 were abfolved, there fliould be no public rejoicing, nor any bonfires that 
 night, left the common people might judge that they defired an abfolution, 
 or were abfolved for committing a fault"". 
 
 Thefe contcfts were the occalion of Padre Paulo's knowledge and intcreft 
 with King James ; for whofe fake principally Padre Paulo compiled that 
 eminent hiftory of the remarkable council of Trent ; which hillory was, 
 as faft as it was written, feat in feveral fheets in letters by Sir Henry Wot- 
 ton, Mr. Bedel, and others, unto King James and the then Biihop of Can- 
 terbury, into England ; and there tirft made public both in Englifh and in 
 the univerfal language. 
 
 For eight years after Sir Henry Wotton's going into Italy, he ftood fair 
 and highly valued in the King's opinion, but at laft became much clouded 
 by an accident which I fhall proceed to relate. 
 
 At his firft going ambalfador into Italy, as he pafled through Germany, 
 he ftayed fome days at Augufta, where having been, in his former travels, 
 well known by many of the heft note for learning and ingenioulnefs (thofe 
 that are efteemed the virtuofi of that nation) with whom he, pafling an even- 
 ing in merriments, was requefted by Chriftopher Flecamore to write fome 
 fentence in his Albo i,a book of white paper which the German gentry 
 •fually carry about them for that purpofe) ; and Sir Henry Wotton, con- 
 fenting to the motion, took an occafion, from fome accidental difcourfe of 
 
 the 
 
 ' King James had w-ritten " A Premonition to all Chriftian Princes and States," in the 
 Latin language. Sir Henry Wotton is much csnfured for having delayed to prcfent it to the 
 Senate of Venice, as there was no doubt but that it would have tended much to feparate them 
 entirely from the papal power. It was his intention to have produced it on St. James's day. 
 Before that day came, the difTerencc between the Pope and the ReJDublic was made up ; fo 
 that when he had his audience, all the anfwer he got was, " That they thanked the King of 
 " England for his good will, but that they were now reconciled to the Pope, and that there- 
 " fore they were rcfolved ndt to admit any change in their religion, according to their agree- 
 " ment with the court of Rome." — [Burnefs Life of Bedel, p. ly, 14.) — It mull be remembered 
 that the above account is exprefsly contradicled by Dr. Hickcs, who aflerts, that the King's 
 book, of which Bifliop Burnet fpeaks, was not then extant. " The Pope and the Venetians 
 •' were reconciled in Aprili6o7, and the King's Premonition came not out till 1609."
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 151 
 
 the prerent company, to write a pleafant definition of an ambafTador, in tliefc 
 very words : 
 
 " Legatus efl vir bonus pcrcgre mifTus ad mentiendum reipublicsc caufa." 
 
 Which Sir Henry Wotton could have been content fhould have beea 
 thus Englifhed : 
 
 " An ambaflador is an honefl; man, fent to lie abroad for the good of his country." 
 
 But the word for He, being the hinge upon which the conceit w^as to turn, 
 was not fo exprefled in Latin, as would admit (in the hands of an enemy 
 efpecially) fo fair a conftruftion as Sir Henry thought in Englifh''. Yet 
 as it was, it flept quietly among other fentences in this Albo, almoft eight 
 years, till by accident it fell into the hands of Jafper Scioppius% a Ro- 
 manift, a man of a reftlefs fpirit and a malicious pen; who, with books 
 
 againll 
 
 * This paflage reminds m© of a juvenile epigram written by Dr. Donne : 
 
 " A LAME BEGGAR. 
 
 " I am unable, yonder beggar ciies, 
 
 " To ftand or move j if he fay true, he lies. 
 
 ' A perfon much celebrated for his intenfe application to ftudy, the quicknefs of his parts, 
 his memory, his eloquence, and the multitude of books which he compofed. His great qua- 
 lities were debafed by a want of probity and moderation. He was born at Neumark, in the 
 higher palatinate, in 1576. On reading the Annals of Cardinal Baronius, he abjured the Pro- 
 teftant religion in 1599, and was admitted into the community of the Church of Rome. He 
 wrote with much afperity of language againfl the Jefuits, againll Jofeph Scaliger, Cafaubon, 
 and other learned men, not fparing even Cicero and the beft writers of antiquity. He attacked 
 James I. of England. To truth he paid little regard, being more inclined to calumniate his 
 adverfary, by the mod difgraceful«arts of defamation, than to refute him by juft and folid rea- 
 foning. The very titles of his books dlfcover the acrimony of his temper. " Scorpiacum five 
 " temedium contra Proteflantium hierefes ex ipforum fcriptis petitum, adverfum Jacobum 
 " Regem Britannise Magnet," 1612. — " Collyrium regium Britannia; Regi graviter ex oculis 
 *' laboranti muneri mitTum, 161 1." His writings excited fuch refeiitment againil him that he 
 was alarm'=d for his perfonal fafety, and fled to Padua, where he died in 1649. — \_Dinionnaire 
 Hifloriqiu-^. — In the prologue to " Ignoramus," fpoken before James I. at Cambridge, May 6, 
 1615, Scioppius is ccnfured with great fevcrity of language for his treatment of Sir Henry 
 Wotton.
 
 !52 THE LIFE OF 
 
 againft King James, prints this as a principle of that religion profcfTed by 
 the King, and his ambafliidor Sir Henry Wotton, then at Venice : and in 
 Venice it was prcfently after written in feveral glafs-windows, and fpite- 
 fully declared to be Sir Henry Wotton's. 
 
 This coming to the knowledge of King James, he apprehended it to be 
 fuch an overfight, fuch a weaknefs, or worfe, in Sir Henry Wotton, as 
 caufed the King to exprefs much wrath againft him ; and this caufcd Sir 
 Henry Wotton to write two Apologies, one to Velfcrus^ (one of the Chiefs 
 of Augufta) in the univerfal language, which he caufed to be printed, and 
 given and fcattered in the moft remarkable places both of Germany and 
 Italy, as an antidote^ againft the venomous books of Scioppius ; and ano- 
 ther Apology to King James: Which were both fo ingenious, fo clear, and 
 fo choicely eloquent, that his Majefty (who was a pure judge of it) could 
 not forbear, at the receipt thereof, to declare publicly, that " Sir Henry 
 *' Wotton had commuted fufhciently for a greater offence''.'' 
 
 And now, as broken bones, well fet, become ftronger ; fo Sir Henry 
 Wotton did not only recover, but was much more confirmed in his Ma- 
 jefty's eftimation and favour than formerly he had been. 
 
 And as that man of great wit and ufeful fancy (his friend Dr. Donne) 
 gave in a will of his, (a will of conceits) his reputation to his friends, and 
 his induftry to his foes, becaufe from thence he received both : So thofe 
 
 friends, 
 
 f Mark VelL-r, or Welfer, was born at Aufburg, June 20, 1558, of a noble and ancient 
 German family. He purfued his ftudies at Rome under the celebrated Muretus, and upon 
 his return into his native city, having acquired great reputation at the bar, became one of its 
 firft magiilrates, and was very learned himfelf, and a great patron of learned men. ( Dic- 
 t'wnaire Hi/loriqite, 1777.) 
 
 s In this letter, written with truly claflic elegance, Scioppius is treated with a harfhnefs, 
 which, though probably deferved by him, does not pcrfcclly quadrate with the charafler of 
 a fcholar. " Cum famelicus, transfuga, & Romanx Curix lutulentus circulator fcriptitat 
 " folum ut prandere poflit ; cum femico^us grammaticafter, &c. 5cc." 
 
 '' After his firft return from Venice he remained without any employment for five years. 
 It may be inferred from a letter to Sir Edmund Bacon, dated June 8, 1614, and printed in 
 the " ReliquiK Wottonianx," p. 431. that Sir Henry Wotton was at that time a member of 
 the Houfe of Commons.
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON-. 153 
 
 that in this time of trial laboured to excufe this facetious freedom of Sir 
 Henry Wotton's were to him more dear, and by him more highly valued. 
 And thofe acquaintance, that urged this as an advantage againft him, caufed 
 him by this error to grow both more wife, and (which is the bed fruit 
 error can bring forth), for the future, to become more indullrioufly watchful 
 over his tongue and pen'. 
 
 I have told you a part of his employment in Italy; where, notwithftand- 
 ing the death of his favourer, the Duke Leonardo Donato, who had an 
 undiflembled affe£lion for him, and the malicious accufation of Scioppius; 
 yet his intereft, as though it had been an intailed love, was ftill found to 
 live and increafe in all the fucceeding dukes, during his employment to 
 that ftate, which was almoft twenty years: all which time he ftudied the 
 difpofitions of thofe dukes, and the other confulters of ftate ; well knowing 
 that he who negociates a continued bufmefs, and neglefts the ftudy of 
 difpofitions, ufually fails in his propofed ends. But in this Sir Henry 
 Wotton did not fail ; for by a fine forting of fit prefents, curious and not 
 coftly entertainments, always fweetened by various and plealant difcourfe — 
 with which, and his choice application of ftories, and his elegant delivery 
 of all thefe, even in their Italian language, he firft got, and ftill preferved, 
 fuch intereft in the ftate of Vtnice, that it was obferved (fuch was either ~ 
 his merit or his modefty) they never denied him any requeft. 
 
 Bb But 
 
 ' The meaning of this obfcure pafllige may probably be elucidated by the following para- 
 Iihrafi-. " And as Sir Henry Wotton's friend, Dr. Donne, gave in a will of his (a ^will 
 *' replete with facetioufuefs) his reputation to his friends, and his induflry to his foes; becaufe 
 " from thence (that is, from them, from his friends and foes), he received both, namely, 
 " reputation from his friends, and induflry from his foes ; fo thofe friends, who in this time 
 " of trial laboured to excufe this inftance of Sir Henry Wotton's facetious freedom, became 
 " more dear to Sir Henry, and by him more highly valued, and thofe acquaintance, who 
 " cenfured him for the fcntence which he had infertcd in the Album, malignantly urged that 
 " circumftance to his difadvantage, by fuch enmity taught him wifdom, caufed him by this 
 *' error or indifcretion to grow more wife ; and, which is the beft fruit error can bring forth, , 
 " for the future to become more indufhioufly watchful over his tongue and pen." 
 
 Whether I am praifed or blamed, fays a Chinefe fage, I make it of ufe to my advancement 
 in virtue. Thofe who commend me I conceive to point out the way I ought to go ; thofe ■ 
 Ivho blame me, as telling me the dangers I have run.
 
 •154- THE LIFE OF 
 
 But all this flicws but his abilities and his fitnefs for that employment; 
 It will therefore be needful to tell the reader, what ufe he made of that 
 interefl which thefe procured him. And that indeed was rather to oblige 
 others than to enrich himfelf ; he ftill endeavouring that the reputation 
 of the Englifli might be maintained, both in the German Empire and in 
 Italy : where many gentlemen, whom travel had invited into that nation, 
 received from him cheerful entertainments, advice for their behaviour ; and 
 by his intereft, fhelter or deliverance from thofe accidental ftorms of 
 adverfity which ufually attend upon travel. 
 
 And becaufe thefe things may appear to the reader to be but generals, 
 I fliall acquaint him with two particular examples ; one of his merciful 
 difpofition, and one of the noblenefs of his mind; which fhall follow. 
 
 There had been many Englifl\ foldiers brought by commanders of their 
 own country to ferve the Venetians for pay againft the Turks : And thofe 
 Englifli having by irregularities or improvidence brought themfelves into 
 feveral galleys and prifons, Sir Henry Wotton became a petitioner to that 
 ftate for their lives and enlargement ; and his requeft was granted : fo 
 that thofe (which were many hundreds, and there made the fad examples 
 of human mifery, by hard imprifonment and unpitied poverty in a 
 ftrange nation) were by his means relcafed, relieved, and in a comfortable 
 condition fent to thank God and him for their lives and liberty in their 
 own country. 
 
 And this I have obferved as one teftimony of the compaffionate nature 
 of him, who was, during his flay in thofe parts, as a city of refuge for the 
 diftrelfed of this and other nations. 
 
 And for that which I offer as a teftimony of the noblenefs of his mind, 
 I fhall make way to the reader's clearer underftanding of it, by telling him, 
 that befide feveral other foreign employments^. Sir Elenry Wotton was 
 fent thrice Ambaffador to the Republic of Venice'. And at his laft going 
 thither he was employed Ambaffador to feveral of the German princes, 
 and more particularly to the Emperor Ferdinando II.; and that his 
 
 employment 
 
 " In 1615 he was Ambaflador to the United Provinces ( Reliq. Wcttoii. p. 428.) 
 ' In 1604, 161 1;, and 1621.
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 155 
 
 employment to him, and thofe princes, was to incline them to equitable 
 conditions, for the reftoration of the Queen of Bohemia, and her defcen- 
 dants, to their patrimonial inh.eritance of the Palatinate. 
 
 This was by his eight months' conftant endeavours and attendance upon 
 the Emperor, his court and council, brought to a probability of a fuc- 
 cefsful conclufion without bloodflied. But there was at that time two 
 oppofite armies in the field, and as they were treating, there was a battle 
 fought"; in the managery whereof, there v/ere fo many miferable errors 
 on the one fide — (fo Sir Henry Wotton expreffes it in a defpatch to the 
 King), — and fo advantageous events to the Emperor, as put an end 
 to all prefent hopes of a fuccefsful treaty. So that Sir Henry, feeing the 
 face of a peace altered by that vidlory, prepared for a removal from that 
 court ; and at his departure from the Emperor, was fo bold as to remember 
 him, " That the events of every battle move on the unfeen wheels of 
 " Fortune, which are this moment up, and down the next; and therefore 
 " humbly advifed him to ufe his vidtory fo foberly, as ftill to put on 
 " thoughts of peace." Which advice, though it feemed to be fpoken with 
 fome paffion (his dear miftrefs the Queen of Bohemia" being concerned in 
 
 B b 2 it), 
 
 "" The fatal. battle near Prague in November 1620, when the Prince of Anhault, General 
 to the King of Bohemia, was, with his whole army, totally defeated. 
 
 " The following verfes were wrote by Sir Henry Wotton " on his Miftrefs, the Qiieen ci 
 *' Bohemia :" 
 
 ♦' You meaner beauties of the night, 
 " Tliat poorly fatisfy our ejes 
 " More by your number than your light, 
 " You common people of the Ikies, 
 ^ " What are you when the fun fliall rife ? 
 
 " You curious chanters of the wood, 
 " That warble forth dame Nature's lays, 
 " Thinking your voices underftood 
 '< By your weak accents; what's your praife, 
 " When Pbilamel her voice fliall raife ? 
 
 •' Vou -violets that firft appear, 
 " By yoVLT pure purple mantles known, 
 " Like the proud -virgins of ihejear, 
 " As if the/pring were all your own, 
 
 " What are you when the ro/e is blo-ivn?
 
 156 THE LIFE OF 
 
 it), was yet taken in good part by the Emperor, \vho replied, " That he 
 *' would coniider his advice. And though he looked on the King his 
 " mafter as an abettor of his enemy the, Paulfgrave ; yet, for Sir Henry 
 " himfelf, his behaviour had been fuch during the manage of the treaty, 
 " that he took him to be a perfon of mueh honour and merit, and did 
 " therefore defire him to accept of that jewel, as a teftimony of his good 
 " opinion of him :" Which was a jewel of diamonds of more value than 
 a thouHind pounds. 
 
 This jewel was received with all outward circumftances and terms of 
 honour by Sir Henry Wotton. But the next morning, at his departing 
 from Vienna, he, at his taking leave of the Countefs of Sabrina, an Italian 
 lady, in whofe houfc the Emperor had appointed him to be lodged and 
 honourably entertained, acknowledged her merits, and befought her to 
 accept of that jewel, as a tellimony of his gratitude for her civilities ; prcfent- 
 ing her with the fame that was given him by the Emperor. Which being 
 fuddenly difcovered, and told to the Emperor, was by him taken for a 
 high affront, and Sir Henry Wotton told fo by a mellenger. To which 
 he replied, " that though he received it with thankfulnefs, yet he found in 
 *' himfelf an indifpoiition to be the better for any gift that came from an 
 *' enemy to his Royal Miftrefs, the Queen of Bohemia j" for fo flie was 
 pleafed he fhould always call her. 
 
 Many other of his ferviccs to his prince and this nation might be infifted 
 upon; as namely, his procurations of privileges and courtelies with the 
 German princes and the republic of Venice, for the Englifli merchants ; 
 and what he did by diredion of King James with the Venetian State, 
 concerning the Bilhop of Spalato's" return to the Church of Rome. But 
 
 for 
 
 " So, when my mifrefs fliall be feen, 
 " In form and beauty of her mind, 
 " By virtue firft, tlien choice a S^ueeii, 
 " Tell me, \i Jhe were not defign'd 
 
 " The eclipfc- and ^tory of her kind." II. W. 
 
 ' Marcus Anloniuo tie Dominls, Archbifliop of Spalato in tlie territory of Venice, to whom 
 we are obliged for tlie introduction of the celebrated " Hiftory of the Council of Trent" 
 into this kingdom. Having abandoned the religion in which he was educated, he came into 
 
 England
 
 SIR- HENRY WOTTON. ij- 
 
 the particulars of thefe, and many more that I meant to make known, I 
 want a view of fome papers that might inform me, (his late Majefty's 
 
 letter- 
 England in the beginning of the reign of James I. and continued there to the year 1622. 
 The Univerfity of Cambridge, at their commencement in 161 7, paid the mofl flattering 
 attention to him, while he experienced many fignal inftances of kindnefs from the King. 
 Yet the ficklenefs of his difpofition, and, as fome have affirmed, his vanity and avarice, fooii 
 loll him all credit. Upon the promotion of Gregory XV. his friend and relation, to the 
 Popedom, he was artfully perfuadcd by Gondamar, the Spanifli Ambaflador, to return to 
 Rome, where he publicly renounced his errors, and M'as again admitted into the bofom of the 
 church. He is faid alfo to have left England with a view to convoke a general council, 
 having entertained hopes of compofing matters of religion by fuch a meafure. The Pope at 
 firfl treated him with refpeft : He was liowever foon delivered to the Inquifition, and 
 imprifoned in the Caftle of Angclo, on fufpicion of herefy ; and it is fuggefted that he was 
 
 there poifoned. Different accounts indeed are given of the miferable exit of this irrefolute 
 
 man on his return to Rome ; yet moft writers agree, that by an order of the Inquifition he 
 was declared to be a vclapfed heretic, and that, after his death, his body was publicly burnt. 
 
 "In 1617 the Archbifliop of Spalato, a convert, came into England, and preached, wrote, 
 " and railed againfl Rome, untill he was made Dean of Windfor, and Mailer of the Savoy : 
 " Afterward he returned to Rome, and recanted there; as bitterly reproaching the Proteftant 
 " dodrine, as here he had extolled it : And his end was in a prifon." (TVelivood's Alemoria/s, 
 Sec. p. 296.) 
 
 He hurt the caufe of Rome more by his pen, than by the defedion of his perfon : His 
 learned books entitled, " De Republica Ecclefiaftica" being Rill unanfwered. Of the zeal 
 which he once difplayed againfl Popery, we may form fome opinion from the flory related 
 by Lord Bacon. BiOiop Andrews being afked at the firfl coming over of the Archbifliop of 
 Spalato, whether he was a Proteftant or no .'' anfwered, " Truly I know not; but I think he is 
 " Detejlant, viz. of moft of the opinions of Rome." And in a print of this prelate engraved 
 by Sparke, is an infcription, exprefTive of his flrong averfion to the dodrines of that church 
 wh'ch he had abjured. 
 
 " Welcome, grave primate, from th' erroneous Iioldc 
 
 •< Of Romilh Babel into Chrift his folde -. 
 
 " Thy learned workes the beaft (hall deadly wound, 
 
 " Confute his errors, and his pride confound. 
 
 " Therefore converted (under Faith's defender) 
 
 " Strengthen thy brethren, and confirm the tender." 
 
 Bifliop Burnet in his " Life of Bedel" has obferved, that De Dominis was utterly ignorant 
 of tlie Greek Tongue, and that Mr. Bedel, when Chaplain to Sir Henr)- Wotton at Venice, 
 
 corredeil
 
 ijS THE LIFE OF 
 
 letter-ofEce liaving now fufFered a ftrange alienation), and indeed I want 
 time too; for the prifiter's prel's ftays for what is written: fo that I muft 
 hafte to bring Sir Henry Wotton in an inflant from Venice to London ; 
 leaving the reader to make up what is defective in this phice, by the fmall 
 fupplement of the infcription under his arms, which he left at all thofe 
 houfes where he refted, or lodged, when he returned from his laft Embafly 
 into England. 
 
 *' Henricus Wottonius Anglo-Cantianus, ThomcE optimi viri filius natu 
 " minimus, a foreniffimo Jacobo L Mag. Brit. Rege, in equeftrem titulum 
 " adfcitus, ejufdemque ter ad rempublicam Venetam Legatus Ordinarius, 
 " femel ad confoederatarum provinciarum ordines in Juliacenh negotio. 
 *' Bis ad Carolum Emanuel, Sabaudia; Ducem ; femel ad unitos fuperioris 
 *' Germanise principes in Conventu Heilbrunenfi, poftremo ad Archidu- 
 " cem Leopoldum, Ducem Wittembergenfem, civitates imperiales, Argen- 
 *' tinam, Ulmamque, et ipfum Romanorum Imperatorem Ferdinandum 
 " Secundum, Legatus Extraordinarus, tandem hoc didicit, 
 
 " Animas fieri fapientiorcs quiefccndo." 
 
 To London he came the year before King James died; who having, for 
 the reward of his foreign fervice, promifed him the reverfion of an office 
 which was lit to be turned into prefent money, which he wanted, for a 
 fupply of his prefent neceffities, and alfo granted him the reverfion of the 
 Mafter of the Rolls place, if he outlived charitable Sir Julius Csefar '', who 
 
 then 
 
 corre(n:ed many ill applications of texts of fcripture and quotations of fathers, in his work, 
 " De Rcpublica Ecclefiaftica. 
 
 It fhould never be forgotten that he acquired confulerable reputation in the philofophical 
 world, by his explanation of the phenomena of the rainbow, In his book, " De Radiis 
 Vifus et Lucis." 
 
 •> Sir Julius Cxfar, alias Adelmare, the eldeft fon of Csefar Dalmarius, an Italian phyfician 
 to Queen Mary and to Queen Elizabeth. His bounty was fo extenfive, that he might be 
 called " The Almoner General of the Nation." lie printed a catalogue of the books, 
 
 parchments.
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 159 
 
 then poflefied it, and then grown fo old that he was faid to be kept alive 
 beyond Nature's courfe by the prayers of thofe many poor which he daily 
 relieved. 
 
 But thefe were but in hope, and his condition required a prefent fupport : 
 For in the beginning ofthel'c employments he fold to his elder brother, the 
 Lord Wotton, the rent-charge left by his good father, and, which is worfe, 
 was now at his return indebted to feveral perfons, whom he was not able 
 to flitisfy but by the King's payment of his arrears due for his foreign em^ 
 ploynients. He had brought into England many fervants, of which fome 
 were German and Italian artifts ; this was part of his condition, who had 
 many times hardly fufficient to fupply the cccafions of the day : For it 
 may by no means be faid of his providence, as himfelf faid of Sir Philip 
 Sidney's wit, " That it was the very meafure of congruity," he being al- 
 ways fo carelcfs of money, as though our Saviour's words " Care not for 
 " to-morrow" were to be literally underftood. 
 
 But it pleafed the God of Providence that in this juncture of time the 
 provoftfliip of his Majefty's college of Eton'' became void by the death of Mr. 
 Thomas Murray", for which there were (as the place deferved) many ear- 
 
 neft 
 
 parchments, and papers belonging to the Court of Requefts, in quarto, of fingular ufe to an- 
 tiquaries, but now ahnofl: as fcarce as tlie MSS. themfelves. (Peck's Defid. Cur. lib. xW. p. 17.) 
 
 " It %vas not," fays Lloyd in his State Worthies, p. 93;, " without a profperous omen tliat 
 " his chief houfe in Hertfordflaire was called Benington, that is vi/L: benigna, as one author 
 " will have it, or as another, villa baieficii, the Town of Good Turns, from the river fo named 
 " running by it." 
 
 This venerable lawyer died April 28, 1639, in the 79th year of his age. He lies buried in 
 great St. Helen's church, London, under a monument, having an infcription in the form of a 
 deed with a feal to it, importing " That he was willing to pay his debt to nature whenever 
 « God pleafed." ( Biogr. Brit.) 
 
 ■i Archbilhop Laud, in the account of his province of Canterbury, fent to the King for the 
 year 1624, gives this honourable teftimony to Sir Henry Wotton's condu<£l in the govern- 
 ment of liis college :' — " For Eaton college within that diocefe (of Lincoln), I do not find but 
 " th.^t tlic provolt, Sir Henry Wotton, hath carried himfelf vcrj' worthily." 
 
 ' The fuccefTor of Sir Henry Savile in the provoftfliip of Eton college. He was a native of 
 Scotland, tutor and fecretary to Prince Charles. His zeal in oppofing the marriage of tJie 
 Prince with the Infanta of Spain, occafioned his iniprifonmcnt for fome time, along with Dr. 
 
 George
 
 i6o THE LIFE OF 
 
 nefl: and powerful fuitors' to the King. And Sir Henry, who had fcr many 
 years (like Sifyphus) rolled the relllel's ftone of a ftate employment, knowing 
 experimentally that the great blefling of fwcet content was not to be found 
 in multitudes of men or bufinefs, and that a college was the fitteft place to 
 nourifli holy thoughts and to afford reft both to his body and mind, which 
 his age (being now almoft threefcore years) feemed to require, did therefore 
 ufe his own and the intereft of all his friends to procure that place. By 
 which means, and quitting the King of his promifcd reverfionary oflices, 
 and a piece of honeft policy (which I have not time to relate) he got a 
 grant' of it from his Majefty. 
 
 And 
 
 George Hackwell, Archdeacon of Surry, die author of " A Difcourfe againfl; the Spanifli 
 *• Match." He died April i, 1623. In the Cabala is a letter from Williams, Bifhop of Lin- 
 coln, on tlie appointment of Murray to the ProvolHhip of Eton. In this letter he complains 
 of " The difpenfation given to him, who was a mere layman, to hold a place which was a 
 " living witli cure of fouls," and hints a fufpicion of his being averfe to the church govern- 
 ment, as eftabliflied in England. 
 
 ' Among other unfuccefsful candidates at this time was the great Lord Bacon, as appears 
 from a letter written by him to Mr. Secretary Conway, dated Grey's-Inn, March 25, 1623. 
 And Dr. Birch has given the following extradl from an unpubliflied letter of the Lord Keeper 
 Williams to the Marquis of Buckingham, dated April 1 1, 1623. " Mr. Murray, the Provoft of 
 " Eton, is now dead : The place flayed by the fellows and myfelf, until your lordfliip's plca- 
 " fure be known. Whomfoever your Lordfliip fliall name I fliall like of, though it be Sir 
 " William Becker, though this provoflfliip never defcended fo low. The King named unto 
 " me yeilerday morning Sir Albertus Morton, Sir Dudley Carlton, and Sir Robert Ayton, our 
 " late Queen's Secretary. But m my opinion, though he named him lad, his Majefty inclined 
 " to this Ayton moft. It will reft wholly upon your lordfhip to name the man. It is fome- 
 '• what necefTary he be a good fcholar, but more that he be a good hufband, and a careful 
 " manager, and a flayed man, which no man can be tliat is fo much indebted as the Lord St. 
 " Albans." (Bacoti's Works, vol. \i\. p. 636.) 
 
 ' He was inftituted to the provoftfliip July 26, 1624, having obtained the appointment by 
 furrendering a grant of the reverGon of the Mafterfliip of the Rolls, and of another ofHce. 
 The value of this preferment in the reign of Henry VIII. is known from the following ftory : 
 Sir Thomas Wyat one day told the King, that he had found out a living of one hundred pounds 
 in the year more than enough, and prayed him to beftow it on him. " Truly," faid the King, 
 " We have no fuch in England." " Yes, Sir," faid Sir Thomas, " The Provoftfliip of Eton, 
 " where a man has his diet, his lodging, his horfe-meat, his fervants' wages, his riding charges, 
 *' and a lool. per annum befidcs." (Lloyd's State }Fort}:ies, p. 79.)
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. i6r 
 
 And this was a fair fatisfa£tion to his mind : But money was wanting" to 
 furniih him with thofe necefTaries which attend removes and a fettlement 
 in fuch a place ; and to procure that, he wrote to his old friend Mr. Nicholas 
 Pey" for his afliftance. Of which Nicholas Pey I fhall here fay a little for 
 the clearing of fome pafTages that I fliall mention hereafter. 
 
 He was in his youth a clerk, or in fome fuch way a fervant to the Lord 
 Wotton, Sir Henry's brother ; and by him, when he was Comptroller of the 
 King's houfehold, was made a great officer" in his Majefty's houfe. This and 
 other favours being conferred upon Mr. Pey, in -whom there was a radical ho- 
 neji)\ were always thankfully acknowledged by him, and his gratitude ex- 
 prelfed by a willing and unwearied ferviceablenefs to that family even till his 
 death. To him Sir Henry Wotton wrote'' to ufe all his intereft at court, to 
 procure five hundred pounds of his arrears (for lefs would not fettle him in 
 
 Co the 
 
 " When he went to the eleflion at Eton, foon after he was made Provofl) he was fo ill 
 provided that the fellows of his college were obliged to furnlfli his bare walls, and whatever 
 elfe was wanting. In a letter to the Duke of Buckingham, after his return from his lad am- 
 baflage to Venice, he thus writes : " I am left utterly deflitute of all poflibility to fubfifl; at 
 " home : Much like thofe fcal-fifhes, which fometimes, as they fay, overfleeping themfclves in 
 " an ebbing water, feel nothing about them in a dry Ihore when they are awake." (Reliq. 
 Wotton. p. 320.) 
 
 ^ Of whom Sir Henry Wotton writes in a letter to the Duke of Buckingham from Venice : 
 *' That he is his friend of trull to him at home in all his occafions." In other letters he al- 
 ways mentions him in language full of refpe£t. The name of this faithful fervant, thus tranf- 
 mitted to pofterity in the page of Ifaac Walton, will ever be remembered with honour. 
 
 " Oh good Old man ! how well in thee appears 
 " The conftant fervice of the antique world, 
 " When fervants fweat for duty, not for meed. 
 " Thou art not for the failiion of thefe times 
 " Wheie none will fweat but for promotion, 
 •' And having that, do choke their fervice up 
 " Even with the having. It is not fo with thee." 
 
 (Sbakejpear-s As You Like It, ad 11. fane III.) 
 
 ''' One of the clerks of the King's kitchen. 
 
 * See this letter in " Reliqui* Wottonian.x-," p. 2S9-
 
 iG2 THE LIFE OF 
 
 the college), and the want of fuch a fum ivrinkledJjisfLice 'with care — (it was 
 his own exprefllon) ; — and that money being procured, he Ihould the next 
 day after find him in his college, and " Invidix* remedium" written over his 
 fludy-door*. 
 
 This money, being part of his arrears, was by his own, and the help of 
 honeft Nicholas Pey's intereft in court, quickly procured him, and he 
 as quickly in the college: the place where indeed his happinefs then 
 feemed to have its beginning. The college being to his mind as a quiet 
 harbour to a feafaring-man after a tempeftuous voyage ; where, by the 
 bounty of the pious founder, his very food and raiment were plentifully 
 provided for him in kind, and more money than enough ; where he was 
 freed from all corroding cares, and fcated on fuch a rock, as the waves of 
 want could not probably fliake ; where he might fit in a calm, and, looking 
 down, behold the bufy multitude turmoiled and toffed in a tempeftuous fea of 
 trouble and dangers" ; and, as Sir William Davenant' has happily expreffed 
 the like of another perfon, 
 
 " Laugh at the graver bufniefs of the (late, 
 
 *' Which fpeaks men rather wife than fortunate." 
 
 Being 
 
 • Yet, in a letter to the King in 1628, he rcquefts that, when the rolls are difpofed of, his 
 Majelly would be pleafed to referve for him feme fmall proportion towards the difcharge of fuch 
 debts as he had contrafted in public fervice, and next to promife him the next good deanery 
 
 that fliall be vacant by death or remove. ( Rellq. Ifott. p. 563.) And we find him in 1637, 
 
 as a poor fuppliant unto the King to confer upon him the ^lafterfliip of the Savoy, in cafe Dr. 
 Bekanquel his good friend fliall be removed to the Deirnery of Durham. (Ibid. p. 340.) 
 
 i" " Suave maii magno turbantibiis xquora ventis 
 " E terra alterius magnum fpettare laborem." Lucret. 
 
 « Sir William Darenant, born at Oxford in 1605, and called by Anthony Wood " The 
 " fwcet Swan of Ifis," was chofen poet-laureat on the death of Ben Jonfon. He attached 
 himfelf to the royal caufe, and entering upon a military life received the honour of knighthood 
 for his behaviour at the ficge of Gloucefter in 1641. Having embarked on board a (hip to go to 
 Virginia, he was captured by a man of war belonging to the Parliament, and carried prifoner 
 to the Ille of Wight. During his confinement he retained his natural vivacity of temper, and 
 employed his time in completing his epic poem of Gondiberc. It is generally fuppofcd that
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 165 
 
 Being thus fettled according to the defires of his heart, his firft ftudy " was 
 the ftatutes of the college, by which he conceived himfelf bound' to enter 
 into holy orders, which he did, being made Deacon with all convenient 
 fpeed. Shortly after which time, as he came in his furplice from the 
 church-fervice, an old friend, a perfon of quality, met him fo attired, and 
 joyed him of his new habit: to whom Sir Henry Wotton replied, " I thank 
 " God and the King by whofe goodncfs I now am in this condition ; — a 
 " condition which that Emperor Charles V. feemed to approve ; who after 
 *' fo many remarkable vid:ories, when his glory was great in the eyes of all 
 " men, freely gave up his crown, and the many cares that attended it, to 
 " Philip his fon, making a holy retreat to a cloifteral life, where he might 
 " by devout meditations confult with God," — which the rich or bufy men 
 feldom do, — " and have leifurc both to examine the errors of his life part, 
 " and prepare for that great day wherein all flefli mud make an account of 
 
 C c 2 " their 
 
 he owed the prefervation of his life to the kind interference of Milton. He had afterward 
 an opportunity of conferring the fame favour on our immortal bard. At the reftoration he 
 exerted himfelf in improving the fcenery and decorations of the ftage. His dramatic works 
 are numerous. He died in April 1668, and was interred in Weftminfter Abbey, near the 
 poet May, who was his rival for the laurel. 
 
 ■^ Previous to thib he publiflied his " Elements of Archlte£lure ;" a work of very great merit, 
 and in reality the bcft upon tliat fubjecl that had then appeared in the Englifh Ianeua"-e. 
 
 ' Though the King had aQually granted a difpenfation to hold the provoftfliip without 
 going into orders, Sir Henry Wotton was ordained Deacon in 1627. 'f" 'he " Reliq. Wotto- 
 iiianx," p. 323, 327, are two letters to the King — one to make known his intention of entering 
 into orders; the other to inform his Majefly that he had taktn the degree of Deacon. Sir Henry 
 Savile and Mr. Murray, the predeceflbrs of Sir Henry Wotton, were both laymen. And it is 
 well known, that upon the death of Dr. John Meredith, the great and good Mr. Boyle was in 
 1665 nominated to the provoftfliip of this college, but that his objedion to entering into holy 
 orders was a principal motive that induced him to decline the honour. Mr Edmund Waller 
 was more than once a candidate for this office. The King, Charles II. referred his petition 
 to the Council, " Who, after hearing the queftion argued by lawyers for three days, deter- 
 " mined that the office could be held only by a clergyman, according to the ad of uniformity; 
 " fince the provofts had always received inftitution, as foi a parfonage, from the Bifliop of 
 " Lincoln." (Dr. Johifin's Works, vol. IX. p. 256.)
 
 1 64 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " their ad'ions. And after a kind of tempeftuous life I now have the like 
 " advantage from him, ''^tbat makes the outgoings oj the mornhig to pra'tfc him; 
 " even from my God, whom I daily magnify for this particular mercy of 
 " an exemption from buiinefs, a quiet mind and a liberal maintenance, 
 " even in this part of my life, when my age and infnmities feem to found 
 " me a retreat from the pleafures of this world, and invite me to contem- 
 " plation, in which I have ever taken the greateft felicity." 
 
 And now to fpeak a little of the employment of his time in the college. 
 After his cuftomary public devotions, his ufe was to retire into his ftudy, 
 and there to fpend fome hours in reading the bible and authors in divinity, 
 doling up his meditations wiih private prayer. This was, for the moft part, 
 his employment in the forenoon. But when he was once fat to dinner, then 
 nothing but cheerful thoughts pofTefled his mind, and thofe ftill increafed 
 by conftant company at his table of fuch perfons as brought thither addi- 
 tions both of learning and pleafurc; but fome part of moft days was ufually 
 fpent in philofophical conclulions. Nor did he forget his innate pleafure 
 of angling', which he would ufually call " His idle time not idly fpent;" 
 faying often, " He would rather live five May months than forty Decem- 
 *' bers." 
 
 He was a great lover of his neighbours, and a bountiful entertainer of them 
 very often at his table ; where his meat was choice, and his difcourfe better. 
 
 He was a conltant cherifher of all thofe youths in that fchool, in whom 
 he found either a conftant diligence or a genius that prompted them to 
 learning. For whofe encouragement he was (befules many other things of 
 neceflity and beauty) at the charge of fetting up in it two rows of pillars, 
 on which he caufcd to be choicely drawn the pictures of divers of the moft 
 famous Greek and Latin hiftorians, poets, and orators: perfuading them 
 not to neglect rhetoric, becaufe " Almighty God has left mankind affec- 
 
 '' tions 
 
 f Angling was the favourite diverfion of Mr. Ifaac Walton, who, from his fuperior (kill in 
 the art, was called " the i-ather of Anglers." His treatifeof " The Complete Angler," will 
 be always read with pleafure even by thofe who have no relifh for " the fly and the cork." In 
 his preface to this work he informs us, " That Sir Henry Wotton had declared to him his in- 
 " tentions cf writing a Difcourfe of the Art, and in praife of Angling." This he doubtlefs 
 would have done, if death had not prevented him.
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 165 
 
 " tions to be wrought upon." And he would often fay, " That none de- 
 " fpifed eloquence but fuch dull fouls as were not capable of it," He would 
 alfo often make choice of fome obfervations out of thofe hlltorians and poets; 
 and would never leave the fchool without dropping lome choice Greek or 
 Latin apothegm or fentence that might be worthy of a room in the memory 
 of a growing fcholar^ 
 
 He was pleafed conflantly to breed up one or more hopeful youths, which 
 he picked out of the fchool and took into his own domeilic care, and to at- 
 tend him at his meals ; out of whofe difcourfe and behaviour he gathered 
 obfervations for the better completing of his intended work of education : 
 of which, by his ftill ftriving to make the whole better, he lived to leave 
 but part to pofterity\ 
 
 He was a great enemy to wrangling difputes of religion': concerning 
 which I {hall fay a little, both to teftify that, and to fhew the readinefs of 
 his wit. 
 
 Having at his being in Rome made acquaintance with a pleafant prieft, 
 who invited him one evening to hear their vefper-mufic at church: The 
 prieft feeing Sir Henry ftand obfcurely in a corner, fends to him by a boy 
 of the choir this queftion, written ia a fmall piece of paper, " Where was 
 " your religion to be found before Luther ?" To which queftion Sir Henry 
 
 prefently 
 
 s His fihgular attention to the education of the young nobility and gentry, who were fent 
 to Eton, tended much to recommend the fchool. Mr. Boyle, who wrote the hlftory of the ear- 
 lier period of his own life, under the ficlitious name of " Philaretus," tells us, that he and his 
 elder brother were fent " To be bred up at Eton college near Windfor, whofe provoft at that 
 " time was Sir Henry Wotton, a perfon that was not only a fine gentleman himfelf, but very 
 " well (killed in the art of making others fo ; betwixt whom and the Earl of Corke, an ancient 
 " friendfhip had been conftantly cultivated by reciprocal civilities." (Birch's Life of the Hc- 
 iwiirable Robert Boyle, Efq. p. 23.) 
 
 •> A fmall fragment of this work, under the title of " A Philofophical Survey of Education 
 " or Moral Architedlure," is extant in the Rcliquix Wottonianx. 
 
 ' The propofition infcribed on his monument, " Difputandi pruritus ecclefiarum fcabies," is 
 too ftrongly verified in the annals of hillory.
 
 1 66 THE LIFE OF 
 
 prefently underwrit, " My religion was to be found then, where yours Is 
 " not to be found now, in the written word of God''." 
 
 The next vefpcr, Sir Henry went purpofely to the icime church, and 
 fent one of the choir-boys with this queftion to his honeft plcafant friend the 
 prieft : " Do you believe all thofe many thoufands of poor Chriftians were 
 " damned that were excommunicated becaufe the Pope and the Duke of 
 " Venice could not agree about their temporal power ? even thofe poor 
 " Chriftians that knew not why they quarrelled. Speak your confcience." 
 To which he underwrit in French, " Monfieur, excufez-moi" 
 
 To one that afked him, " Whether a Papift may be faved?" he replied, 
 " You may be faved without knowing that: — Look to yourfelf". 
 
 To another whofe earneftnefs exceeded his knowledge, and was ftill 
 railing agalnft the Papift^s, he gave this advice; " Pray, Sir, forbear till you 
 " have ftudied the points better : for the wife Italians have this proverb , 
 " He that underftands amifs concludes worfe. And take heed of thinking, 
 " The farther you go from the Cliurch of Rome, the nearer you are to 
 " God." 
 
 And to another that fpake indifcreet and bitter words agalnft; Arminius, I 
 heard him reply to this purpofc : 
 
 " In my travel towards Venice, as I pafled through Germany, I reft;ed 
 " almofl: a year at Leyden, where I entered into an acquaintance with 
 " Arminius", then the Profeflbr of Divinity in that univerlity; a man 
 
 much 
 
 ^ When this queftion was propofcJ to the learned Mr. Jofcph Mede, he anfwered with his 
 ufualfeftivity by another queftion, "Where was tlie fine flour when the wheat went to the mill?" 
 And fometimes thus, " Where was the meal before the corn was ground?" (See Dr. Clerk's 
 Sermons, vol. 111. p. 323.) 
 
 Biftiop Bedel wrote a very long trcatife on thefe two queflions — " Where was the reformed 
 " church before Luther's time ?" and " What was the fate of thofe who died in the bofom of 
 " the church before the reformation?" Archbiftiop Uflier often urged him to publifli this work, 
 which was loft in that fcene of confufion which attended the Irifli rebellion. 
 
 ' " Chi mal intende, peggio decide." • 
 
 ° How difTerent is the language of Kinpf James, who hefitates not to pronounce Arminius 
 " A fpi'.itious and heretical preacher, an infedlor of Leyden with herefy, and an enemy of 
 *' God." The condemnation of Arminianifm at the Synod of Dort, is principally to be 
 
 attributed
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 167 
 
 *' much talked of in this age, which is made up of oppofition and contro- 
 *' verfy. And indeed, if I miftake not Arminius in his expreflions (as fo 
 " weak a brain as mine is may eafily do), then I know 1 differ from him in 
 " fome points: Yet I profefs my judgment of him to be, that he was a 
 " man of mod rare learning, and 1 knew him to be of a moft fl;ri£t life, 
 " and of a moft meek fpirit. And that he was fo mild, appears by his 
 " propofals to our Mafter i'erkins" of Cambridge, from whofe book, ' Of the 
 
 " Order 
 
 attributed to James, whilfl: with an inconfiRency, which it will be difficult to defend, he 
 protected the Arminian party in his own kingdom. Of Arminius and his opinions, fee 
 " Brandt's Hiftory of the Reformation abridged," p. 267. 
 
 How much the Arminians were favoured, appears from the following incident. Mr. 
 Morley, afterward Bifliop of Winchefter, remarkable for his facetioufncfs and jocular 
 fayings, being alkcd by a grave country gentleman, who was defirous to be inibufled what 
 their tenets and opinions were, " What the Arminians held .'" pleafantly anfwcred, " That 
 " they held all tlie befh Biflioprics and Deaneries in England :" Which was quickly reported 
 abroad, as Mr. Morley's definition of the Arminian tenets." (Life of Ed-ward Earl of 
 Clarendon. Oxford, p. 26.) 
 
 " Mr. William Perkins, of Chriit College in the Univcrfity of Cambridge, where he died 
 in 1602. He was minifter of St. Andrew's parilh, in Cambridge, and had the chaiacler of a 
 learned, pious, and laborious preacher. " His life," fays Fuller, " was fo pious, fo fpotlefs, 
 " that malice was afraid to bite at his credit, into which flie knew her teeth could not enter." 
 Dr. Richard Montague, his fellow collegian, and afterwards Bifhop of Winchefter, preached 
 his funeral fcrmon, taking for his text, " Mofes my Servant is dead," It was the wifli of 
 Archbifliop Ufher, that he might die like Mr. Perkins, who expired crying for mercy and 
 forgivenefs. His works, which were difperfed through Great Britain, France, Germany, 
 the Low Countries, and Spain, many of them being tranflated into the French, German, and 
 Italian tongues, are declared to be equal in point of language, to thofe of the beft authors. 
 His humility, as a preacher, was eminent, in condcfcending to the capacity of his meancfh 
 auditors. His church at Cambridge, confilting of the univerfity and town, " The fcholar 
 " could hear no learneder, or the townfman plainer fermon." See a Portrait of this good man 
 in ruller's Abel Redivivus, p. 431. 
 
 " That worthy pair of our late divines, Greenham and Perkins ; whereof the one excelled 
 ifr^perimental divinity, and knew well how to rtay a weak confcience, how to raife a 
 fallen, how to flrike a remorfelcfs j the other in a diflinci judgment, and a rare dexterity 
 in clearing the obfcure fubtilities of the fchool, and eafy explication of tlie moft perplexed 
 difcourfcs." ( Bilhop Hall's Firfi Decad of Epiflles. Ep. 7.)
 
 r6H IHE LIFE OF 
 
 *' Ord-T aad CauTes of Salvalion' (which was inli wrhteii la Latin), Arml- 
 " nius took the occafion of writing fomc queries to him concerning ths con- 
 " lequences of his dodlrine ; intending them, it is find, to come privately to 
 " Mr. Perkin's own hands; and to receive from him a like private and a 
 " like loving anfwcr. But Mr. Perkins died before thofe queries came to 
 " him, and it is thought Arminius meant them to die with him. For 
 " though he lived long after, I have heard he forbore to publifh them— but 
 " fnice his death his fons did not. And it is a pity, if God had been fo 
 *' pleafed, that Mr. Perkins did not live to fee, confider, and anfwer thofe 
 " propofals himfelf ; for he was alfo of a moft meek fpirit, and of great 
 " and fandtified learning. And though fince their deaths, many of high 
 " parts and piety have undertaken to clear the controverfy ; yet for the 
 " mod part they have rather fatisfied themfelves, than convinced the 
 " dilfenting party. And, doubtleis, many middle-witted men, which yet 
 " may mean well, many fcholars that are not in the higheft form for 
 *' learning, which yet may preach well, men that are but preachers, and 
 " fliall never know, until they come to heaven, where the queftions flick 
 " betwixt Arminius and the Church of England (if there be any), will yet 
 *' in this world be tampering with, and thereby perplexing the contro- 
 " verfy, and do therefore juftly fall under the reproof of St. Jade", for 
 " being bufy-bodics, and for meddling with things they underftand not''." 
 
 And 
 
 * Rather, St. Peter, i Pe/. iv. 15, and 2 Pcf. ii. 12. 
 
 f In England Arminianifm was hoftile to civil liberty, and Calvinifm favourable to it. It 
 has been already j-emarked that James, however he pretended to promote the condemnation 
 of Arminius and his doctrines at the Synod of Dort, encouraged the Arminians at home. 
 He promoted Laud, Howfon, Corbet and Neil, wlio were all zealous Arminians. There is 
 reafon to fuppofe that they abetted his arbitrary meafures, and by that means recommended 
 themfelves. 
 
 " The Puritans, who will allow no free-will at all, but God does all, yet will allow the 
 fubjeft his liberty to do or not to do, notwithftanding the King, the God upon earth. 
 The Arminians, who hold we have free-will, yet fay, when we come to the King, there mufl 
 be all obedience, and no liberty to be (tood for." (Sehkn's Table Talh, under- the ArticU 
 Free-will.)
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 165 
 
 And here it offers itfelf (I think not unfitly) to tell the reader, that a 
 friefld of Sir Henry Wotton's, being defigned for the employment of an 
 ambaffador, came to Eton, and requefted from him fome experimental 
 rules for his prudent and fafe carriage in his negociations : To whom he 
 fmilingly gave this for an infallible aphorifm ; " That, to be in fafety him- 
 " felf, and ferviceable to his country, he (hould always, and upon all occa- 
 " lions, fpeak the truth." It feems a ftate paradox: " For," fays Sir Henry 
 Wotton, " you fhall never be believed : And by this means your truth 
 *' will fecure yourfelf if you fhall ever be called to any account ; and it 
 " will alfo put your adverfarics, who will ftill hunt counter, to a lols in all 
 *' their difquifitions and undertakings'"." 
 
 Many more of this nature might be obferved, but they muil be laid afide ; 
 for I fhall here make a little ftop, and invite the reader to look back with 
 me whilft, according to my promife, I fhall fiiy a little of Sir Albertus 
 Morton' and Mr. William Bedel, whom I formerly mentioned. 
 
 I have told you that are my reader, that at Sir Henry Wotton's firfl going 
 ambaffador into Italy, his coufm, Sir Albertus Morton, went his fecretary : 
 And I am next to tell you that Sir Albertus died Secretary of State to our 
 late King ; but cannot, am not able to exprefs the forrow that poffeffcd 
 
 D d Sir 
 
 " When Sir Henry Wotton gives this flirewd advice to his friend, he feems really to have 
 held that unfavourable opinion of the function of an ambalTador, which he had once declared 
 in his celebrated definition. 
 
 ' " He died in the vernality of his employments and fortunes, under the bcfl king and 
 mafter in the world." ( Reliq. Wotton. p. 477.) 
 
 Sir Henry Wotton's epigram on the death of Sir Albertus Morton's wife is well kijov/ji. 
 
 " lie firft deceafed: She for a little tried 
 
 " To live without him : lik'd it not, and died." 
 
 Albertus Morton was eledted fcholar of King's College, Cambridge, in 1602. He went to 
 Venice as Sv.'cretary to his uncle Sir Henry Wotton, and was afterward agent for King 
 James at the court of Savoy, and with the Princes of the Union in Germany, Secretary to 
 the Queen of Bohemia in 1616, one of the Clerks of the Council, and knighted in Sept. 1617, 
 and at laft Secretary of State, in which pofl he died in November, 1625. (Dr. Birch's Life 
 of Henry Prince of Wales.)
 
 170 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Sir Henry Wotton at his firft hearing the news that Sir Albertus was by- 
 death loft to him and this world. And yet the reader may partly gucfs by 
 thele following exprefllons : The firft in a letter to his Nicholas Pey, of 
 which this that followeth is a part : 
 
 " And, my dear Nick, when I had been here almoft a fortnight, 
 
 " in the midft of my great contentment, 1 received notice of Sir Albertus 
 " Morton's departure out of this world, who was dearer to me than mine 
 " own being in it. What a wound it is to my heart, you that knew him 
 " and know me, will eafily believe : But our Creator's will be done and un- 
 " repiningly received by his own creatures, who is the Lord of all nature and 
 " of all fortune, when he taketh to himfelf now one and then another, till that 
 •' expedled day wherein it ftiall pleafe him to diflblve the whole and wrap 
 " up even the heaven itfclf as a fcrolP of parchment. This is the laft phi- 
 " lofophy that we muft ftudy upon earth. Let us, therefore, that yet re- 
 *' main here, as our days and friends wafte, reinforce our love to each other ; 
 " which of all virtues, both fpiritual and moral, hath the higheft privilege, 
 " becaufe death itfelf cannot end it'. And my good Nick," &c. 
 
 This is a part of his forrow thus exprefTed to his Nick Pey : The other 
 part is in this following elegy, of which the reader may fafely conclude it 
 was too hearty to be difiembled. 
 
 TEARS 
 
 ** Ifaiah, xxxir. 4. 
 * Thefe are noble and exalted fentimentSj fuch as Chriflianity alone inculcates.
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 171 
 
 TEARS 
 
 WEPT AT THE CRAVE OF SIR ALBERTUS MORTON, BY HENRT WOTTON. 
 
 Silence, in truth, would fpeak my forrow beft. 
 For deepcft wounds can lead their feelings tell": 
 Yet let me borrow from mine own unreft 
 A time to bid him, whom I lov'd, farewcL 
 
 Oh, my unhappy lines! you that before 
 Have ferv'd my youth to vent fome wanton cries. 
 And now, congeal'd with grief, can fcarce implore: 
 Strength to accent — " Here my Albertus lies 1" 
 
 This is that fable (lone, this is the cave 
 And womb of earth that doth his corps embrace £ 
 While others fing his praife, let me engrave 
 Thefe bleeding numbers to adorn the place. 
 
 Here will I paint the charafters of wo ; 
 
 Here will I pay my tribute to the dead ; 
 
 And here my faithful tears in fhowers (hall flow. 
 
 To humanize the flints on which I tread''. 
 
 D d 2 "Where 
 
 " Agreeable to that more ancient obfervation, " Curse leves loquuntur, ingentes ftupent." 
 ( Seueca.) 
 
 * This curious line reminds us of part of an extravagant elegy to the memory of a pleafant 
 poet of the laft century. Colonel Lovelace, in which the author, E. Revett, fays, 
 
 " Why fliould fome rude hand carve thy facred ftone, 
 
 " And there intife a cheap infcription, 
 
 " When we can ftied the tribute of our tear* 
 
 " So long, till the relenting marble wears ? 
 
 " Which fliall fuch order in their cadence keep» 
 
 " That they a native epitaph (liail weep j 
 
 " Until each letter fptit diftinflly lies, 
 
 " Cut by the mylUe droppings of our eyes,"
 
 /* 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Where, though I mourn my matchlefs lofs alone, 
 And none between my weakncfs judge and me; 
 Yet even thefe penfive walls allow my moan, 
 Whofe doleful echoes to my plaints aoree^. 
 
 But is he gone ? and live I rhyming here 
 As if feme mufe would liften to my lay ? 
 When all diftun'd fit waiting for their dear. 
 And bathe the banks where he was wont to play. 
 
 Dwell then in endlcfs blifs with happy fouls, 
 
 Difcharg'd from Nature's and from Fortune's truft; 
 
 Wliilll on this fluid globe my hour-glafs rolls. 
 
 And runs the re 11 of my remaining dull^. H. W. 
 
 This concerning his Sir Albertus Morton. 
 
 And for \Yhat I fhall fay concerning Mr. William Bedel, I muft prepare 
 the reader by telling him, that when King James fent Sir Henry Wotton 
 ambaflador to the State of Venice^ he fent alio an ambafTador* to the King 
 of France, and another to the King of Spain. With the ambaffador of 
 France went Jofeph Hall, iate Bifhop of Norwich, whofe many and ufeful 
 works fpeak his great merit : xvith the ambaffador of Spain went James 
 Wadlworth ; and Vv'ith Sir Henry W^otton went William Bedel. 
 
 Thefe three chaplains to thefe three ambafladors were all bred in one 
 univerfity, all of one college (Emanuel College in Cambridge), all bene- 
 ficed 
 
 ^ Thus in the beautiful " Lycldas" of Milton——. 
 
 " Now t'.iou art gone, and never muft return : 
 " Thee, fliepherd, tliee the woods and deftrt caves, 
 " with wild thyme and the gadding vine o'ergrown, 
 •' And all their echoes mourn." 
 
 ' An ingenious modern critic has juftly remarked, that " the poetical compofitions of Sir 
 " Henry "Wotton, when confidcred in their proper light, namely as the cffufions of one who . 
 " merely fcribbled for his amufement, will be found deferving of praife." 
 
 » James Hay, Vifcount Doncaftcr.
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 17^ 
 
 ficed In one dlocefe, and all mod dear and entire friends. But in Spain Mr. 
 Wadfworth" met with temptations, or reafons,fuch as were fo powerful as to 
 perfuade him (who of the three was formerly obferved to be the moft averfe 
 to that religion that calls itfelf Catholic) to dlfclaim himfclf a member of 
 the church of England, and declare himfelf for the church of Rome ; dif- 
 charging himfelf of his attendance on the ambaffador, and betaking himfelf 
 to a monaftic life, in which he lived very regularly, and fo died. 
 
 When Dr. Hall, the late Bifhop of Norwich, came into England, he 
 wrote to Mr. Wadfworth (it is the firft epiflle in his printed decades), to 
 perfuade his return, or to (hew the reafon of his apoftacy. The letter 
 feemed to have in it many fweet expreflions of love; and yet there was in it 
 fome expreffion, that was fo unpleafant to Mr. Wadfworth, that he rather 
 chofe to acquaint his old friend Mr. Bedel with his motives ; by which 
 means there pafled betwixt Mr. Bedel and Mr. Wadfworth divers letters, 
 which be extant in print and did well deferve it : For in them there feems 
 to be a controverfy, not of religion only, but who fhould anfwer each other 
 with moft love and meekncfs. Which I mention the rather, becaufe it too 
 feldom falls out to be fo in a book war% 
 
 There 
 
 '' Mr. James Waddefworth, who died a penfioner of the hol7 inquifition in Sevillcy was edu- 
 cated ViX. Emanuel CoWtgt in Cambridge, being a fellow-ftudent and a chamber-fellow with 
 Mr. Bedel. Tliey were alfo beneficed in the fame diocefe ; and they both left England at the 
 fame time. When Sir Charles Cornwallis, Treafurer to Henry Prince of Wales, went ambaf- 
 fador to Spain, he took with him Mr. Waddejivorth as his chaplain, who was prevailed on to 
 change his religion, and entirely to abandon his native country, and was afterward appointed 
 to teach the Infanta the Englijh tongue, when the match betwixt Prince Charles and her was 
 believed to be concluded. " It appears," fays Bifhop Burnet, " as if in thefe two, Mr. Bedel 
 " and Mr. IVaddefivorth, thofe words of our Saviour had been to be verified — * There Jhall be t-wo 
 " ' in one bed, the one JJjall be taken and the other left.' For as ihe one of thefe was wrought on to. 
 " forfake his religion, the other was very near the being an inftrument of a great and happy 
 •' change in the Republic of Venice." 
 
 ' The colleftion of thefe letters forms a very valuable appendix to Bi(hop Burnet's Life of 
 Bifliop Bcdch Thofe which pafled between Mr. Bedel and Mr. Waddcfworth, on the conver- 
 fion of the latter to Popery, difcover that mlldncfs and benignity of temper on the part of the 
 former, which fliould hz preferved in all controverfies. On the contrary, the acrimony and 
 harflmefs of Mr. Jofeph Hall, writing on the fame fubjeft, are truly reprehenfible.
 
 174 THE LIFE OF 
 
 There Is yet a little more to be faid of Mr. Bedel; for the greateft part of 
 which the reader is referred to this following letter of Sir Henry Wotton's, 
 written to our late King Charles I. 
 
 " MAY IT PLEASE YOUR MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY, 
 
 " Having been informed that certain perfons have, by the good wifhes 
 " of the Archbifliop of Armagh, been directed hither with a moft humble 
 " petition unto your Majefty, that you will be pleafed to make Mr. William 
 " Bedel, now reiident upon a fmall benefice in Suffolk'*, Governor of your 
 " college at Dublin, for the good of that fociety : And myfelf being re- 
 *' quired to render unto your Majefty fome teftimony of the faid William 
 " Bedel, who was long my chaplain at Venice in the time of my firft em- 
 " ployment there, I am bound in all confcience and truth (fo far as your 
 *' Majefty will vouchfafe to accept my poor judgment) to affirm of him, 
 " that I think hardly a fitter man for that charge could have been pro- 
 " pounded unto your Majefty in your whole kingdom for fingular erudi- 
 " tion and piety, conformity to the rites of the church, and zeal to advance 
 " the caufe of God ; wherein his travels abroad were not obfcure in the 
 " time of the excommunication of the Venetians. 
 
 " For it may pleafe your Majefty to know, that this is the man whom 
 " Padre Paulo took, I may fay, into his very foul; with whom hedidcommu- 
 " nicate the inwardeft thoughts of his heart ; from whom he profefled to have 
 " received more knowledge in all divinity, both fcholaftical and politive,than 
 " from any that he had ever pradifed in his days : of which all the paflages 
 *' were well known to the king your father, of moft blefled memory. 
 *' And fo, with your Majefty's good favour, I will end this needlefs office ; 
 *' for the general fame of his learning, his life and Chriftian temper, and 
 " thofe religious labours which himfelf hath dedicated to your Majefty, do 
 ** better defcribe him than I am able. 
 
 " Your Majefty's moft humble and faithful fervant, 
 
 " H. WOTTON." 
 
 • Mr. Bedel had been prefentcd by Sir Thomas Jermyn to the living of Horing(beath, in 
 SuflFolk.
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 1 75 
 
 To this letter I fliall add this, that he was, to the great joy of Sir Henry 
 Wotton, made Governor of the faid college (Auguft 1627); and that 
 after a fair dlfcharge of his duty and trufl; there, he was thence removed to 
 be Billiop of Kilmore (September 3, 1629). In both which places his life 
 was fo holy, as fecmed to equal the primitive Chriftians. For as they, fo 
 he kept all the Ember weeks, obferved (beiides his private devotions) the 
 canonical hours of prayer very ftridlly, and fo he did all the feafts and fall- 
 days of his mother, the Church of England. To which I may add, that his 
 patience and charity were both fuch as fliewed his affedions were fet upon 
 " things that are above ;" for indeed his whole life brought forth the " fruits 
 " of the fpirit ;" there being in him fuch a remarkable meeknefs that, as 
 St. Paul advifed his Timothy in the cledion of a bilhop, i Tim. iii. 7. 
 " That he have a good report of thofe that be without;" fo had he : For 
 thofe that were without, even thofe that in point of religion were of the 
 Roman perfuafion (of which there were very many in his diocefe), did yet 
 (fuch is the power of vifible piety) ever look upon him with refpedt and 
 reverence, and teftified it by a concealing and fafe proteding him from 
 death in the late horrid rebellion in Ireland, when the fury of the wild Irilh 
 knew no diftindlion of perfons : and yet there and then he was protected 
 and cheriftied by thofe of a contrary perfuafion ; and there and then he 
 died, not by violence or mifufage, but by grief in a quiet prifon" (1629), 
 And with him was loft many of his learned writings, which were thought 
 worthy of prefervation ; and among the reft was loft the Bible, which by 
 many years' labour, and conference, and ftudy, he had tranflatcd into the 
 Irifh tongue', with an intent to have it printed for public ufe. 
 
 More 
 
 * Burnet's Life of Bedel, p. i8o, 209. 
 
 ^ This zealous prelate, defirous that the free ufe of the Scriptures fliould difleminate a know- 
 ledge of the true religion among the Irifh, fele£led one King, a convert from Popery, who was 
 fuppofed to be the mofl; elegant writer of his native language then alive, whether in profe or 
 verfe. Though he was much advanced in years, the Bifliop thought him not only capable of 
 undertaking an Irifli verfion of the Bible, but qualified for a higher charadcr : He or- 
 dained him, gave him a benefice in his own diocefe, and employed him in this ufeful work, 
 direding him to found his verfion on the Englifli tranflation. The good Bifliop revifed the 
 whole : And it was his ufual cuftom after dinner and fupper to read over a chapter, and to 
 compare it with the original Hebrew, the LXXII, and Diodati's Italian verfion. Sec Burnet's 
 " Life of Bifliop Bedel," p. 118, 119.
 
 6 THE LIFE OF 
 
 More might be faid of Mr. Bedel, who, 1 told the reader, was Sir Henry 
 Wotton's firft chaplain, and much of his fecond chaplain Ifaac BargraveS 
 Do£lor in Divinity, and the late learned and hofpitable Dean of Canterbury ; 
 as alfo of the merits of many others that had the happinefs to attend Sir 
 Henry in his foreign employments : But the reader may think that in this 
 digreflion I have already carried him too far from Eton college; and there- 
 fore I fhall lead him back as gently and as orderly as I may to that place, 
 for a further conference concerning Sir Henry Wotton. 
 
 Sir Henry Wotton had propofed to himfelf, before he entered into his 
 collegiate life, to write the life of Martin Luther'", and in it the hiflory of 
 the reformation as it was carried on in Germany. For the doing of which 
 he had many advantages by his feveral embaflies into thofe parts, and his 
 intereft in the feveral princes of the empire : By whofe means he had ac- 
 cefs to the records of all the Hans towns, and the knowledge of many fecret 
 pafTages that fell not under common view ; and in thefe he had made a 
 happy progrefs, as is well known to his worthy friend Dr. Duppa, the late 
 Reverend Bilhop of Salifbury. But in the midft of this defign, his late 
 Majefty, King Charles I. that knew the value of Sir Henry Wotton's pen, 
 did, by a perlualive loving violence, to which may be added a promife of 
 five hundred pounds a year, force him to lay Luther afide, and betake him- 
 felf to write the hiftory of England : In which he proceeded to write fome 
 fhort characters of a few kings, as a foundation upon which he meant to 
 build ; but for the prefent meant to be more large in the ftory of Henry VL 
 the founder of that college, in which he then enjoyed all the worldly happi- 
 nefs, 
 
 8 Of this excellent divine, and the cruel treatment he and his family received from Colonel 
 Sandys, fee Mr. Todd's " Deans of Canterbury,'' p. loo. His learning and his hofpitality are 
 particularly noticed in the infcription on his monument : " Amxno ingenio pietatem et eru- 
 " ditionem ornavit ;— gentibus exteris domique nobilibus gratiffimus hofpes hofpitio gencro- 
 " ClTiino rcpofuit." 
 
 ' A life of this reformer, written with candour and impartiality, has long been a defuleratum 
 in the republic of letters. That which is extant in the Englifh language, entitled " The Life 
 " and Death of Dr. Marter, the PafTages whereof have bin taken out of his owne and other 
 " godly and moft learned Mtrn's Writings who lived in his time, I Theff. v. 12, 13," was 
 printed in 1641, and is a mere literal tranflation from Melchior Adam.
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 177 
 
 nefs of his prefent being. But Sir Henry died in the midfl: of this under- 
 taking; and the footfteps of his labours are not recoverable by a more 
 than common diligence'. 
 
 This is feme account both of his inclination, and the employment 
 both of his time in the college, where he feemed to have his youth 
 renewed by a continual convcrfation with that learned focicty, and a 
 daily recourfe of other friends of choicefl: breeding and parts ; by 
 which- that great blefTmg of a cheerful heart was ftill maintained : He 
 being always free, even to the laft of his days, from that peevifhnefs 
 which ufually attends age. 
 
 And yet his mirth was fometimes damped by the rememberance 
 of divers old debts", partly contraded in his foreign employments; 
 for which his juft arrears due from the King would have made fatis- 
 fadtion. But being ftill delayed with court-pr-omifes, and finding fom© 
 decays of health, he did, about two years before his death, out of a 
 Chriftian defire, that none fhould be a lofer by him, make his Laft 
 Will. Concerning which, a doubt ftill remains, namely, whether it dif- 
 covered more holy wit, or confcionable policy ? But there is no doubt, 
 but that his chief defign was a Chriftian endeavour that his debts might be 
 fatisfied. 
 
 And that it may remain as fuch a teftimony, and a legacy to thofe that 
 loved him, I (hall here impart it to the reader, as it was found written 
 with his own hand. 
 
 Ee 3IJI3 
 
 "' Of this hiftorical work a very fmall fragment is extant, written in the Latin language, 
 ■with great elegance, and entitled " Hcnrici VI Anglix et Galliarum Regis, Hibcrnijc 
 " Domini, Etonensis ad Tamefin Collegii Conditoris vita et exceflus." Upon the King's 
 return from Scotland, in 1633, Sir Henry Wotton wrote a Latin panegyric, printed in the 
 " Reliquire Wottonianx," with this title, " Ad Regem c Scotia reducem Henrici Wotton 
 " Plaufus et Vota." 
 
 * " Sir Henry Wotton is at this time under arreft for three hundred pounds, upon execu- 
 tion, and lies by it He was taken coming from the Lord Trcafurer's, foliciting a debt of 
 four thoufand pounds, due to him from the King." (Mr. Garrard to the Lord Deputy. Straf- 
 ford's Letters, Vol. L p. 338.)
 
 178 THE LIFE OF 
 
 31 J^ tf)c nnm? of (Sod almig&tp anD all^mcrciful, ■ 31 I'penrp caotton, 
 ]LC>?oUoa of f)i3 0@a)cftg'0 Collesc by €aton, being minDfiil of mine oUiii 
 moitafitp, tofjicf) tijc fin of our ficft parents DiD bjing upon all flcfl), Do bg 
 tf)i0 lafl CQill anQ Ccflamcnt, tijiis Difpofc of mufelf, ano tbc poor tbings 
 31 fljaU leatic in tbis too^IO. a^i^ foul 31 bcqueatfj to tfjc immortal (J5oD 
 m^ Q9a&cr, iFatbcc of our Lo?!) 31cfiis Cf)?ift, mv bleflcD JReocemcr 
 anD QfjcDiator, tf)?ougf) f)is all^fole fufScicnt fatisfaftion for tbe fins of tlje 
 lobclc U)0?ID, ano efficient for t)i0 cleft, in tfjc number of tobom 31 am one 
 bp Us mere grace, anu tljereof moS unremoticablp aflureo bg bis bolg 
 Spirit, tbe true OCternal Comfoiter. Q5g boop 3 bequeatb to tbc eartb, 
 if 31 fljali cnD mp tranfito?j) Daps at, or near <£aton, to be burieD in tbe 
 Cbapel of tbe faiD College, as tbe iFcllotos Iball Difpofe tbercof, toitb 
 tobom 31 baue liueD, mp (25oD fenoUJS, in all lotting affeftiun ; cr, if 31 
 ftall Die near TBofton a^albcrb, in tbe countp of iKent, tbcn 3 toilb to be 
 JaiD in tbat l?ari(b=Cburcb, as near as map be to tbc %epulcb?c of mp 
 gooD JFatbet, crpefting a jopful refurrcftion toitb bim in tbe Dap of <JL\)iiQ, 
 
 After Uiis account of his faith, and this furrender of his foul to that God 
 that infpired it, and this direftion for the difpofal of his body, he proceeded 
 to appoint, that his executors fhould lay over his grave a marble ftone, 
 plain, and not coftly. And confidering that time moulders even marble to 
 dull ; for 
 
 ** Monuments themfelves mud die'." 
 
 Therefore did he (waving the common way) think fit rather to preferve 
 his name (to which the Ton of Sirac advifeth all men) by a ufeful apothegm, 
 than by a large enumeration of his defcent or merits, of both which he 
 might juftly have boafted ; but he was content to forget them, and did 
 
 choofe 
 
 ' " Quandoquidem data funt ipCs quoque fata fepulchrls." Joven. Sat. x. 146.
 
 SIR HENRY VVOTTON. 
 
 179 
 
 choofe only this prudent, pious, fentcnce, to difcover his difpofition and 
 preferve his memory. It was direded by him to be thus infcribed : 
 
 HIC JACET HUJUS SENTENTI7E PRIMUS AUTHOR, 
 
 DISPUTANDl PRURITUS ECCLESIARUM SCABIES. 
 
 NOMEN ALIAS QtJiERE. 
 
 Which may be Englifhed thus : 
 
 HERE LIES THE FIRST AUTHOR OF THIS SENTENCE, 
 
 THE ITCH OF DISPUTATION WILL PROVE THE SCAB OF 
 THE CHURCH. 
 
 INQUIRE HIS NAME ELSEWHERE. 
 
 And if any fliall objedl, as I think fome have, that Sir Henry Wotton 
 was not the firft author of this fentence, but that this, or a fentence like it, 
 was long before his time ; to him I anfwer, that Solomon fays, " Nothing 
 " can be fpoken, that hath not been fpoken : For there is no new thing 
 " under the fun." But grant, that in his various reading, he had met with 
 this, or a like fentence, yet reafon mixed with charity fhould perfuade all 
 readers to believe, that Sir Henry Wotton's mind was then fo fixed on that 
 part of the Communion of Saints which is above, that an holy lethargy 
 did furprife his memory. For doubtlefs, if he had not believed himfelf to 
 be the firft author of what he faid, he was too prudent firft to own, and 
 then expofe it to the public view and ccnfure of every critic. And 
 queftionlefs it will be charity in all readers to think his mind was then 
 fo fixed on heaven, that a holy zeal did tranfport him ; and that in this 
 facrcd ecftafy, his thoughts were then only of the church triumphant, — into 
 which he daily expedted his admiflion ; and that Almighty God was then 
 pleafed to make him a prophet, to tell the church militant, and particularly 
 that part of it in this nation, where the weeds of controverfy grow to be 
 daily both more numerous, and more deftru«llive to humble piety ; and 
 
 E e 3 where
 
 l8o THE LIFE OF 
 
 ■where men have confciences that hogglc at ceremonies, and yet fcruple not 
 to jpeak and acfl fiich fins as the ancient humble Chriftians heheved to be a 
 lin to think; and where, as our reverend Hooker™ fays, " Former Sim- 
 " phcity, and Softnefs of Spirit, is not now to be found, becaufe, Zeal hath 
 " di owned Charity, and Skill Meeknefs." It will be good to think that 
 thcfe fad changes have proved this epitaph to be a ufcful caution unto us 
 of this nation ; and the fad efle^ts thereof in Germany have proved it to 
 be a mournful truth. ' 
 
 This by way of obfervation concerning his epitaph : The reft of his will 
 follows in his own words. 
 
 Jriirrfjct, 31 tf;c faitj i^enrp CGotton, Oo conliitute anD omin to be 
 I'oir.r occcutcjsf of tb'0 mp lafl WiW ano Ceflamcnt, mg itoo BtanD= 
 ncpbctog, aibctt a}?o?ton, fcconu fon to ^ir iRotctt 99o?ton, i^nigbt, 
 late DcccafeD, anD Ci)oma0 'i^argjdtje, elDcfl fon to Dr. Ti3ac0?ai3c, Dean 
 of Cautcrburp, busuanD to n^.p rigbt t)irtuou0 anD onip niece. 3nD 
 3i Do p?ap rfjc afo?efaiD iDr. TBarg?aDc, anD anr. Bicbolas L:)eg, mp moa 
 faitfjfui anD cbofen fcienDs, togcibcr toitb ^t. Jiobn iDartifon", one of 
 tfje jFellotD0 of <2Baton College, bcO acquainteD toitb mp boo&g anD 
 piftuiig, anD otijcr utenfilg, to be fuprtuifo^s of t\m mp iafi mill anD 
 CePament. anD 31 Do piap tbe afj?efaiD Dr. loargiatie, anD egt. 
 iSicbulftS J?ep, to be folicuotS fjt fucb arrearages as ftall appear Due unto 
 
 "" Such was the ancient ftmpVtc'ityand fjpnefs of fp\rit, which fomet! mes prevailed in the world, 
 that they, whole words were even as oracles amongft men, (eemed evermore loth to give 
 fentence againit any thing publicly received in the church of God, except it were wonderfully 
 apparently evil ; for that they did not fo much incline to that feverity, which delighteth to 
 reprove the leail things it feeth amifs, as to that tharity which is unwilling to behold any 
 thing, that duty.bindcth to reprove. The ftate of this prefent age, •wherein Zeal hath drowned 
 Charity, and Skill Meelcrtjs., will not now fuffer any man to marvel, whatfoever he (hall hear 
 reproved, by whomfoever. (Hooker's Ecclef. Book IV. SeH. I.) 
 
 " Mr. J. Harrifon was tlefled Fellow of Eton college, Oclober 28, 1636. He was probably 
 that Ic.-arned and eminent divine, whom Anthony Wood mentions as the author of " A 
 " Vinaication of the Holy Scriptures, or the Manifcltation of Jefys Chrift the true Mefliah 
 already come.'' London, 1658. (Ath, Ox. Val. 11. p. ypi-)
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. iSi 
 
 me from W ^aicl^p'g Crcbcqucr at tfje time of mp Dcatf) ; auD to 
 affift mp f j^c^numjo eiecuto^s in fome reafonable anu confucntious fatig^ 
 fatlion of mg crcDi.OiS, anD Dilcbaiije of up icsacicg note fp:cificO; oc 
 tfjat Ojall uc yeteaf.cc aDDCD unto tljis r .p Ceaament bp anp coDicil oc 
 rcf)eDulc, or life in iht bancs or m anp memorial toab I'ue afojefaiD i^x, 
 3Iof)n rparrifon. 
 
 9nD fica, to mp moft tjcar %oticcci?n ann e^aaer, of incomparable 
 goounefs, (in toijoic gracious opinion ii Ijutie cD:r Ijati fome portion, as 
 far a0 tljc intcrca of a plain bonm man,) 3! ict'-ti: four piUu.rg at I. rjc 
 of tbofc 2Da!^r0 cf Oenicc, m to|)Ofe time J tous iijcre ci; p^opeo, tu.Jj 
 tfjeit names turitien on tfjc bacfefiDe, tobicf) Ijang in mp Great o?jinarp 
 Dining?oom, Done after tlje life tp dEOoar io Jrialctto": lLikcto»ie a t.ijlc 
 of tf)e Venetian CcUege, toljcre amOaflauo^s {jaD tbeir auDience, fjangmg 
 otiec tbe mantle of tf)e cbmincp in tbe faio room, Done ftp tfte fame 
 6anD, to»)icb contametb a D?ausJ)t in little, Moal retembUng tbe famous 
 D. LeonarDo Donato, in a time toljicb neeocD a tUife ano conflant man. 
 Item, Cbe pifturc of a Duke of iJenice, banging i\}:\: againft tbe Door, Done 
 eitber bp »a:itiano% or fome otber principal bano, long btfo^e mp. time, 
 
 g@oa 
 
 " This artift is mentioned in a very fcarce volume, entitled, " Zanetti della pittura Vene- 
 " ziana," as a painter and engraver, and a native of Bologna. " Odvardo Fialetti, Colognefe. 
 •• Vifl'e lango tempo e mori poiquefto Pittore in Vtnezia allevato nella fcuola del Tintoretto j 
 " c fece ftudii affai regolati nell' arte. U genio fuo non fa tuttavia dc piu vivaci e focofi." 
 p. 502. Several of his pictures are in fi\ e of the churches of Venice^ and iic is celebrated for 
 having engraved with great correftnefs two pitlures of Tintoretto, now at Venice, in the 
 " Scuola di S. Rocco ;" the one reprefenting St. Sebailian, the other the Marriage of Cana." 
 
 P Of this celebu-ated artift, the moft univctfal genius of all the Lombard School, the beft 
 colourift of all the moderns, and tlie moft eminent for hit'.crics, iandlcapjs, and portraits. Sec 
 
 "Dryden's Frefnoy's Art of Painting, ' p. 267. Sir Henry Wotton, durmg his rclidence 
 
 at Venice, purchafed feveral very valuaH'e paintings for the DuIvC of Duckingham : Among 
 others was probably the " Ecce Homo" of Titian, which was afterwards valued at 5000!. and 
 bought by the Archduke Leopold, who added it to his own coIle<5licn in the Caftle of 
 Prague. See " Cabala," p. 398.
 
 iSa THE LIFE OF 
 
 000ft fjumbip bcCcecblng fjis a^a/cftj), tijat tfjc faio pieces map remain in 
 fome eovncr of ang of hus f)oufc0, for a poor mcmcrial of i)i& moft bumble 
 
 Item, 3 icat): W faiu Q^aj'efip all tfjc pipers anu negociatioiiS of ^ir 
 jl5iffjoIag £f)?ogmo?ton, l^nicjbt ', Dunns h-8 ianiois en;p!opnicnr, unocr 
 £luecn Cli'abctfj, in ^iotlann anD in jrrancc ; tobicb contam Xii\3;ts 
 fecrctg of ilatc, tfjat pcicljance f)i0 fc;@ajcGp toill tbinfe fit to be prefcrucD in 
 1)10 }>?ap:r'-office, afier tbcp Ijati: been p:rafeD anD (oricQ tp ar:r. ^ecr'-targ 
 CQinDebanS, imtf) teljom 31 btitic f)eietofo?e, as 31 remember, fonferreD 
 abou: tijem. Cbcp lucre committed to mg Difpofal bg ^ir artDur 
 Cf)?05mo?ton bsfon\ to Vobofc tDO?t^p mcmo;p 31 cannot better Dif- 
 cljarge mg faitb, tfjan bj? a%ning tbcm to tbc bigbe r place of trufi. 
 
 Item, 3 lca\)e to our moft gracious anD tiirtuous Ciiicen a^arp, 
 2r)iofco^itie0, toitb tbe plant© naturally colouriD, anD tbc tert tranftatcD 
 bp a3attbio:o in tbe beft language of Cufcanp, lobencc fccr faiD 
 ^ajcftp ig lincallp DcfccnDeD, for a poor tofeen of mp tbanfeful Dctiotion 
 for tbc bonour ftc Ixjas once pleafeD to co mp p?it)ate ftuDp \Diti) ber 
 Piefence. 3i leaue to tbe moft bopeful Piince, tbe picture of tbe eletteD 
 anD crotoneD Ciueen of T5obemia, bi0 aimt, of clear anD refplenoent 
 
 tiirtucs 
 
 1 Sir N':Lholas Throgmorton was eminent for his abilities in ftatc a/Tairs, and often fent by 
 Queen Elizabeth ambaflador to foreign courts. Of him Sir Francis Walfinghani, lamenting 
 the lofs fuftained by his death, writes thus in a letter to Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicefter. 
 " Be it fpoken without offence of any, for counfel in peace, and conduct in war, Jie hath not 
 " left of like fufficiency his fucceffor that I know of." f Supplement to CoHins's Peerage, p. 90. 
 See alfo Ken/iet's Complete Hi/fory, Isfc. Vol. 11. p. 430.) 
 
 ' Thomas Lord Wotton, fon of Edward, the firft; Lord Wotton, and nephew to Sir Henry 
 Wotton, married Mary the daughter and one of the coheirs of Sir Arthur Throgmorton of 
 Pauler Perry in Northamptonfliire. 
 
 '' A phyfician of the i6th century, who publiflied his commentaries on Diofcorides, adorned 
 with large wooden prints. Of the great value fet upon this work, fee " Strypc's Life of Sir 
 Thomas Smith," p. 213.
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 18;, 
 
 tiirtueg t!)?oug;b tf)e clouss of bet fouune. Co m? Logo's erace of 
 eantcctjurg' note being;, 31 leaue m? pitture of Diipine Lotjc, ratelp 
 copien from one in tf)C lining s gaUene0, of my pcefcntation to his 
 ^ajcftpj bcfeccbing Dim to receive it as a plcDge of my bumble 
 reference to t:is great uifcom. Zm to tbe mofl too^tby Lo^D 16i(|)op 
 of LonDon', Lo^D ipigb Crcafurcr of Otnslano, in ttue anmiration of 
 l}i& Cb^aian ampUcity anD contempt of cartbly pomp, 3\ lca\)c a pic^ 
 turc of rpecaclitus bctoaiUng, anD Democritus laugbing at, tbe Uio^iD: 
 Cfeofl bumbly befeecbmg ibc faiD LojD arcbbiibop bis i^race, anD tbc 
 JLo?D 'L3iiiop of iLonDon, of botb tobofe fauours 3i baue taacD in my 
 life-time, to intercene toiib cut mofl gracious ^cDereign after my 
 Deatb, m tbe botoeis of 3!efU3 €\)iiQy tbat out of companionate me^ 
 mojy of my long fertiices <toberein 31 more ftuDieD the public bonour, 
 tban mine oion utility^ fome o?Der may be taken out of my arrears 
 Due in tbe (ZBrcbequer, for fucb fatisfafiion of my crcDito?s, as tbofe 
 tobom 31 bat)c o^DaineD fuyertiifo?s of tbis my lafl 3^ill anD £cfla- 
 ment, fljall p^cfcntunto tbeic Lo?D(bip3, iuitbout tbcir fartber trouble; 
 bnping lifeetoifc in bis a^ajcfly's mofl indubitable gooDnefs, tbat be 
 trull keep me from all p^ejuDlce, \x}\)iil) 3 may otbcrtuife fuffcr b^ any 
 Dcfcft of formality in tbe DemanD of my faiD arrears. 
 
 Co , for a poor aDDition to bis cabinet, 31 leaDe, as 
 
 emblems of bis attraftitic Virtues anD obliging noblenefs, my gicat 
 JLoaDftonc, anD a piece of amber of botb kinDs naturally unites, 
 ano only Differing in Degree of cvncoftion, tobicb is tb ugbt fomctebat 
 rare, iitm, a piece of Cti'ftal ^erangular as tbey groto all) 
 grafping Ditiers federal tbings toitbin it, Xvhith 31 bomtt among tbe 
 IRbaetian aips, in tbe Dcry place tobere it greto; rcccmmenDing mofl 
 
 bumbli? 
 
 ' Archbjfliop Laud. 
 
 " Juxon, Bifhop of London, was made Lord High Treafurer of England in 1635, through 
 the intcrefl; of Archbifliop Laud.
 
 i54 THE LIFE OV 
 
 fenmlilg unto Us HcrrDfljip, t!)? rp (tarion of my poot name in tfjc point 
 di inj) licbtg, 1^ J b^ivi: ^o ic to tij: fjce=na.rtCD ^.juiuia. lotos, nnj am 
 ttaitil^ foil? tfjat i! bfitie no Octrcr t-kcn of n j? biunijic ifjan'kuiliicfs to 
 f)i5 f)o>iuutco perron, i em, 31 l.\.tie to ^ir jr. nc s (LcTiincebanfe, one of 
 DiS cgajcnp's principal ^ecrctarirg of ^tatc to cm J fjunT5 mg gic<tt 
 fricnU in point cf neceffirg; tf)C jTour ^JCaiciiS of olU 13tiaano\ to fjanj 
 near t5e ep^ in fjis Y'-'X^ow (bemg in little form), tubiclj :J tJOugbt at 
 (Uenice, toljccc 31 fiffl cnteitiJ nito Di3 lUil toj?tl)p acquai itance. 
 
 Co ifje atictiemameti tDr. 'li3f.rrjat>r, DjuU cf <i:antcrturp, 31 leaue all 
 mv 3italian boo!<,0 not Difpafco in tbis CQilf. 31 leatJC to Ijim lilieUiXc, 
 mv lliol ue (©mnba, tofjicf) batlj been ttoicc toitb me m Jialp ; in tobicb 
 CDuntri.) 3! fitfi contraftcB toitf) fjim an unremcualile affcftion. Co mp 
 otbec ^upnDitcr, a^r. Bic^olag l?:^, 3 Icaue mp Cfjefl, or Cabmct 
 of 3;nfiri:mcm0 anD <ZBnginr0 of all feincg of uie.e : in tf;c lotucc tor 
 toljcreof arc fomj"* fit to^be tjequca bco to none ujf fo c.it.r: an Ijonelf 
 man as ht is, 31 lean? bim U&ctuifc forty poums for W paing in tlje 
 folicitation of my Arrears ; anD am forty tbat my lagBCO c^iatc can rcacD 
 no furtber to one tbat IjatD tafecn fucb care foe mc in tf)c fame feinD, 
 During all my foreign cmpLymentsi. Co tbe Hibrary at (ZBaton College, 
 31 leaue all my tyanuar p not before Diipjfco, ano to cacb of tbe JFel- 
 lotos a plain Elng of golD, enamelcD blacfe, all tat): tbe tjecrje, toitb tbisi 
 motto toitbin, amor umit omnia. 
 
 ^I)i9 10 ni? TLaft ilQlill aiit) '(Icftamcnr, fabe toljar fl-all be aDDcD bp a fcljctiiilc tl)rrc« 
 unto anaereD, tontr.n m tlj? ftrlt qC S. rtoliec, in tlje p:cfciit jrar of oiir EcDcmp- 
 tion, 1 6j7, aim CublccibeD b^ uipCtlt, Voity tije tertiuiun^ ot tljcfc toitncfffpi. 
 HiCH. ouDERT. HENRY WOTTON. 
 
 CEO. LASH. 
 
 * Giacomo da Ponte da Baflano, fo called from the place of his birth in the Marca Trevi- 
 fana, in 1510, was a celebrated artift, who excelled in rural fcencry and animals. He died 
 at the age of 82, leaving four fons, two of whom were diftinguiflied painters. {Drydah 
 Frefnoy's Art af Painting, p. 290.) 
 
 * In it were Italian locks, pick-locks, fcrews to force open doors, and many things of worth 
 and rarity, that he had gathered in his foreign travel.
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON. 185^ 
 
 And now, becaufe the mind of man is beft fatisfied by the knowledge of 
 events, I think fit to declare, that every one that was named in his will did 
 gladly receive their legacies : By which, and his moft jufl: and paflionate 
 defires for the payment of his debts, they joined in aflifting the overfeers 
 of his will; and by their joint endeavours to the King (than whom 
 none was more willing) confcionable fatisfadtion was given for his juft 
 debts. 
 
 The next thing wherewith I fhall acquaint the reader is, that he went 
 ufually once a year, if not oftener, to the beloved Bodon-Hall, where he 
 would fay, " He found a cure for all cares, by the cheerful company," 
 which he called " the living furniture of the place :" and " a reftoration of 
 " his flrength, by the connaturalnefs of" that wliich be called " his genial 
 " air." 
 
 He yearly went alfo to Oxford. But the fummer before his death'' he 
 changed that for a journey to Winchefter college, to which fchool he was 
 firft removed from Bodton. And as he returned from Winchefter towards 
 Eton college, faid to a friend, his companion in that journey, " How ufeful 
 " was that advice of a holy monk, who perfuaded his friend to perform 
 " his cujiomary devotions in a conftant place, becaufe in that place we ifually 
 " meet 'with thofc very thoughts -which poffejfed us at our lafl being there ; and 
 " I find it thus far experimentally true, that at my now being in that fchool, 
 " and feeing that very place where I fat when I was a boy, occafioned me 
 " to remember thofe very thoughts of my youth which then poflefl'ed me : 
 " fweet thoughts, indeed, that promifed my growing years numerous plea- 
 
 F f « fures 
 
 '' In this year he wrote his letter to Milton, who then lived near Eton, thanking him for 
 his prefent of " Comus," which he calls " A dainty peece of entertainment ; wherein," 
 he adds, " I fliould much commend the tragical part, if the lyrical did not ravilh me 
 " with a certain Dorique delicacy in your fongs and odes, whereunto I niuft plainly con- 
 " fefs to have feen yet nothing parallel in our language : ipfa moUities." ( Reliq. IVotton. . 
 P- 343-) 
 
 Milton has commended this letter in his " Defenfio Secunda Populi Angllcani." " Abeun- 
 ♦' tern vir clarifTimus Hcnricus Wootonus, qui ad Venetos Orator Jacobi Regis diu fuerat, et 
 " votis et prxceptis cunti peregre fane uiiliflimis ekganti epi/}ola perfcriptis amiciijime profe- - 
 '* quutus eft."
 
 i^ THE LIFE OF 
 
 " fares without mixtures of cares % and thofc to be enjoyed when time 
 *' (which I therefore thought How paced) had changed my youth into man- 
 " hood. — But age and experience have taught me that thofe were but 
 " empty hopes ; for I have always found it true, as my Saviour did foretel, 
 " ' Siiffic'iLnt for the day is the evil thereof.'' Nevcrthclcls I faw there a fuc- 
 " ceflion of boys ufing the fame recreations, and, queitionlefs, poilelTed 
 " with the fame tlvoughts that then polTefled me. Thus one generation 
 ".fucceeds another, both in their Uvcs, recreations, hopes, fears, and death." 
 After his return from Winchefter to Eton, which was about five months 
 before his death, he became much more retired and contemplative : in 
 which time he was often vifited by Mr. John Hales (the learned Mr. John 
 Hales), then a fellow of that college, to whom upon an occafion he fpake 
 to this purpofe : " I have, in my pafl'age to my grave, met wMth moft of 
 " thofe joys of- which a difcourfive foul is capable ; and been entertained 
 " with more inferior pleafures than the fons of men are ufually made par- 
 ** takers of: Neverthelefs in this voyage I have not always floated on the 
 *' calm fea of content; but have often met with crofs winds- and ftorms, 
 " and with many troubles of mind and temptations to evil. And yet, 
 " though I have been and am a man compafled abotit with human frailties, 
 *'. Almighty God hath by his grace prevented me from making JJjipivreck 
 *' of faith and a good co}ifcieiiu, the thought of which is now the joy of my 
 ": heart ; and I moft humbly praife him for it : And I humbly acknowledge 
 " that it was not myfelf, but he that hath kept me to this great age, and let 
 *' him take the glory of his great mercy. — And, my dear friend, I now fee 
 *' that I draw near my harbour of death ; that harbour that will fecure me 
 *' from all the future llorms and waves of this reftlefs world ; and I praife 
 
 " God 
 
 "^ "All, happy hilts'. Ah, pleafiiig fliade! 
 " Ah, fields belov'il in vnin ! 
 " Where once my carders childhood ftr.iy'd. 
 " A ftranger yet to pain I 
 " I feci the gales that from ye blow 
 " A momentary blifs bellow, 
 " As waving frefh their gladfome wing 
 " My weary foul the)' feem to foolh, 
 " And, redoUnt of joy and youth, 
 " To breathe a fecond fpring." 
 
 Gray's Ode on a diftant Profpefl of Eton College,
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON, 1S7 
 
 " God I am willing to leave it and cxped a better ; that world u'hcrcin 
 " dwellcth righteoiifnefs ] and I long for it.''' 
 
 Thefe and the like expreflions were then uttered by him at the beginning 
 of a feverilli dillemper, at which time he was aUo troubled with an afthma or 
 fliort fpitting: But after lefs than twenty fits, by the help of familiar phylic 
 and a fpare diet, this fever abated, yet fo as to leave him much weaker than 
 it found him; and his afthma feemed alfo to be overcome in a good degree 
 by his forbearing tolxicco, which, as many thoughtful men do, he alfo had 
 taken fomewhat immoderately. This was his then prelcnt condition, and thus 
 he continued till about the end of Odober, 1639, which, was about a month 
 before his death, at which time he again fell into a fever, which, though he 
 he feemed to recover, yet thefe iHll left him fo weak, that they and thofe 
 other common infirmities that accompany age, and w^re wont to vilit him 
 like civil friends, and after fome Ihort time to leave him, came now both 
 oftener and with more violence, and at laft took up their conftant ha- 
 bitation with him, ftill weakening his body and abating his cheerfulnefs ; 
 of both which he grew more fenfible, and did the oftener retire into his 
 ftudy, and there made many papers that had pafled his pen, both in the 
 days of his youth and in the bafy part of his life, ufelefs, by a fire made 
 there to that purpofe. Thjsfe, and feveral unufual expreflions to his fer- 
 vants and friends, feemed to foretel that the day of his death drew near; 
 for which he feemed to thofe many friends that obferved him, to be well 
 prepared, and to be both patient and free from all fear, as feveral of his 
 letters writ on this his laft fick-bed may teftify. And thus he continued 
 till about the beginning of December following, at which time he was 
 feized more violently with a quotidian fever, in the tenth fit of which fever 
 his better part, that part of Sir Henry Wotton which could not die, put off 
 mortality with as much content and cheerfulnefs as human frailty is capa- 
 ble of, being then in great tranquillity of mind, and in pcrfedl peace with 
 God and man*. 
 
 F f 2 And 
 
 » The following exqulfitely beautiful hymn was written by him in his ficknefs: 
 " O ilioii gieat Power, in whom I move 
 
 " For whom I live, to whom I die ! 
 " Behold me thro' thy be.ims of love, 
 " Whilft on this couch of tears I lie, 
 
 " Ana
 
 i88 THE LIFE OF 
 
 And thus the circle of Sir Henry Wotton's life — that circle which began 
 at Bodon, and in the circumference thereof did firft touch at Winchefter 
 fchool, then at Oxford, and after upon fo many remarkable parts and paf- 
 fages in Chriftendom — that circle of his life was by death thus clofed up 
 and completed, in the feventy-fecond year of his age, at Eton college, where, 
 according to his will, he now lies buried, with his motto on a plain grave- 
 flonc over him. Dying worthy of his name and family; worthy of the 
 love and favour of fo many princes and perfons of eminent wifdom and 
 learning ; worthy of the truft committed unto him for the fervice of his 
 prince and country. 
 
 And all readers are requefted to believe, that he was worthy of a more 
 worthy pen to have prefervcd his memory and commended his merits to 
 the imitation of polterity. 
 
 IZ. WAc 
 
 '" And cleanfe my fordid foul within 
 " By thy Chrill's blood, the bath of fin, 
 
 " No hallow'd oils, no grains I need, 
 " No rags of faints, no purging fire ; 
 
 *' One rofy drop from David's feed 
 
 " Was worlds of leas to quench thine ire. 
 
 " O, precious ranfom '. which, once paid, 
 
 "That confummatum eji was faidj 
 
 '• And faid by him that faid no more, 
 " But feal'd it <vith his dying breath. 
 
 " Thou then that haft difpung'd my fcore, 
 " And dying waft the death of Death, 
 
 " Be to me now, on thee I call, 
 
 " My life, my ftrength, ray joy, roy all."
 
 ELEGY ON SIR HENRY WOTTOK 
 
 Mr. ABRARI COWLEY ". 
 
 VV HAT fliall we fay, fince filent now is he, 
 Who when he fpoke all things would filent be. 
 Who had fo many languages in (lore, 
 That only Fame (hall fpeak of him in more. 
 Whom England now no more return'd muft fee ; 
 He's gone to heav'n on his fourth embafly % 
 On earth he travell'd often, not to fay 
 He'd been abroad to pafs loofe time away ; 
 For in whatever land he chanc'd to come, 
 He read the men and manners j bringing home 
 
 Their 
 
 * *' Every thing which Cowley wTote," fays the editor of his felefl works, " is either fo 
 « good or fo bad, that in all reafon a feparation fliould be made." His Elegy on the death of 
 Sir Henry Wotton is clafled by him among the latter, as he has not inferted it in his " Collec- 
 " tion of Cowley's Poems." Dr. Johnfon entertains a more favourable opinion of it : By him 
 it is pronounced to be vigorous and happy, the feries of thoughts eafy and natural, and the 
 conclufion, though a little weakened by the intrufion of Alexander, elegant and forcible. 
 Denham has remarked of Cowley, 
 
 " To him no author was unknown, 
 " Yet what he writ was ail his own." 
 
 The lad lines of this elegy bear fo ftrong a refemblance to an epigram of Grotius upon the 
 -death of Jofeph Scaliger, that the great critic above quoted thinks them copied from it, though 
 they are copied by no fervile hand. Jofeph Scaliger, like Sir Henry Wotton, was celebrated 
 for his accurate knowledge of languages. Grotius compofed four elegies on the death of this 
 eminent fcholar. 
 
 Tliat which Cowley is fuppofed to have imitated begins with thefe lines 
 
 '< Hie jacet et Gades fuper exauditus et hides 
 "Scaliger, hie mundi publica ]ingoa;»c«t."
 
 I go ELEGY ON SIR HENRY WOTTON. 
 
 Their vvifdom, learning, and their piety, 
 As if he went to conquer not to fee. 
 So well he undcrftood the mod and beft 
 Of tongues that Babel fent into the Weft ; 
 Spoke them fo truly, that he had (you'd fwear) 
 Not only liv'd but been born every where. 
 Juftly each nation's fpeech to him was known j. 
 Who for the world was made, not us alone. 
 Nor ought the language of that man be lefs, 
 Who in his breaft had all things to exprefs : 
 We fay that learning's endlefs, and blame Fate 
 For not allowing life a longer date. 
 He did the utmoft bounds of knowledge find. 
 And found them not fo large as was his mind; 
 But, like the brave Pellean youth"*, did moan, 
 Becaufe that art had no more worlds than one. 
 And when he faw that he through all had paft, 
 He dy'd left he fhould idle grow at laft. 
 
 A. COWLEY. 
 
 "= Sir Henry Wotton's moft important embaflles were thofe to Venice. To that republic he 
 was thrice fent ambaflador from James I. 
 
 * " Unus Pellaojuveni non fufficit orbis." Juven. Sat. X. i68-
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 THE WORKS OF SIR HENRY WOTTON. 
 
 SIR HENRY WOTTON is addreffed as a poet by Baftard the cpigrammatift, in the fol- 
 'owi'-g lines : 
 
 " Wotton, the country and the country fwaine, 
 " How can they yeelde a poet any fenfe ? 
 " How can they ftirre him up or heal his vaine? 
 " How can they teed him with intelligence ? 
 " You have that fire which can a wit enflame 
 " In happy London, England's fayreft eye : 
 " Well may you poets have ot" worthy name 
 " Which have the i'oode and life of poetry. 
 
 " And yet the country or the towne may fwny 
 
 " Or bear a part, as clownes doe in a play." 
 
 His poems were collected by Ifaac Walton, and inferted in " RELIQUI.iE WOTTO- 
 NIANj^; or, a Collection of Lives, Letters, Poems with CharaQcrs of fundry Perfonages, 
 and other incomparable Pieces of Language and Art : By the curious Pencil of the ever me- 
 morable Sir Henry Wotton, K'. late Provoft of Eton College, 1651." In the fourth edition 
 which appeared in 1685, is the valuable addition of letters to the Lord Zouch. 
 
 This colledion contains the " TREATISE on the ELEMENTS of ARCHITECTURE," 
 firft publifhed in 1624, 4to. ThisTreatife is ftill held in great eftimation, has been tranflated 
 into Latin, and annexed to the works of Vitruvius, and to Freart's " Parallel of the Ancient 
 Architefture with the Modern." 
 
 Bcfides the pieces in " The Remains," Sir Henry Wotton wrote 
 
 I. «' A JOURNAL of his EMBASSIES to ROME." 
 
 II. " THREE PROPOSITIONS to the COURT of ANGOSCIOLA, in MATTERS of 
 DUELS." 
 
 III. " The STATE of CHRISTENDOM; or, a moft exaa and curious Difcovery of many 
 fecret PalTages and hidden Myfleries of the Times : Written by the renowned Sir Henry 
 Wotton, K'. Ambaffadour in Ordinary to the Mofl Serene Rcpublique of Venice, and late 
 Provofl of Eaton College." London, 1657. To which is added «« A SUPPLEMENT to tlie 
 HISTORY of the STATE of CHRISTENDOM." Reprinted in 1677. 
 
 This work was begun about the year 1599, during Sir Henry Wotton's firft refidcncc iit 
 Venice, after his hafty departure from England.
 
 ^■Slcelton Sculp- 
 
 W. 11C1M3?I) HOOKEK.
 
 THE LIFE 
 
 OF 
 
 MR. RICHARD HOOKER, 
 
 THE AUTHOR OF THOSE LEARNED BOOKS 
 
 OF THE LAWS OF ECCLESIASTICAL POLITY.
 
 TO HIS VERY WORTHY TRIEND 
 
 MR. IZAAK WALTON, 
 
 Upon his writing and publifliing the LIFE of the venerable and judicious 
 
 MR. RICHARD HOOKER. 
 I. 
 
 H 
 
 .AIL, facred mother M Britifli Church, all hail! 
 From whofe fruitful loins have fprung 
 Of pious fons fo great a throng 
 That Heav'n t'oppofe their force, of ftrength did fail, 
 And let the mighty conqu'rors o'er Almighty arms prevail; 
 How art thou chang'd from v^^hat thou wert a late ! 
 
 When deftitute and quite forlorn. 
 And fcarce a child of thoufands with thee left to mourn, 
 Thy veil all rent, and all thy garments torn : 
 With tears thou didft bewail thine own and children's fate. 
 Too much, alas ! thou didft refemble then 
 Sion thy pattern — Sion in afhes laid, 
 Defpis'd, forfaken, and betray 'd; 
 Sion thou doft refemble once agen. 
 And, rais'd like her, the glory of the world art made, 
 Threnes only to thee could that time belong. 
 But now thou art the lofty fubje£t of my fong. 
 
 G g 2 Begin, 
 
 * The church of England emerging from thofc dreadful calamities in which flie had been 
 involved by the artifices of thofe men, who, under the pretence of zeal for the caufe of reli- 
 gion, meditated her entire deftruftion, is here not unaptly pourtrayed under the figure of an 
 afflicted parent 
 
 " Her veil all rent, and all her garments torn." 
 
 She was then the fubjecft of elegiac lamentation. The fcene is happily changed ; and (he 
 is here addreflcd in the language of praife and exultation.
 
 196 VERSES TO MR. IZAAK WALTON. 
 
 II. 
 
 Begin, my verfe, and where the doleful mother fat* 
 (As it in vilion was to Efdras Ihown) 
 Lamenting, with the reft, her deareft fon, 
 Blefs'd Charles, who his forefathers has outgone, 
 And to the royal join'd the martyr's brighter crown, 
 Let a new city rile with beauteous ftate, 
 And beauteous let its temple be, and beautiful the gate! 
 Lo ! how the facred fabric up does rife ! 
 The architedts fo fkilful all. 
 
 So grave, fo humble, and fo wife; 
 The axe's and the hammer's noife 
 Is drown'd in filcnce or in numbers mufical': 
 
 'Tis up, and at the altar ftand 
 The reverend fathers as of old. 
 
 With harps and incenfe in their hand. 
 Nor let the pious fervice grow or ftiff or cold j 
 Th' inferior priefts, the while. 
 To praife continually employ'd or pray, 
 
 Need not the weary hours beguile. 
 Enough's the fingle duty of each day. 
 Thou thyfelf, Woodford, on thy humbler pipe may'ft play, 
 And tho' but lately enter'd there''. 
 So gracious thofe thou honour'ft all appear, 
 So ready and attent to hear 
 An eafy part, proportioned to thy fkill, may'ft bear. 
 
 But 
 
 ' Sec 2 Efdras, from chap. ix. 38, to the end of the tenth chapter. 
 
 = See I Kings vi. 7. 
 
 ^ Dr. Woodford, the author of this poem, was ordained by Bifliop Morley in the year in 
 which thefe verfes were written.
 
 VERSES TO MR. IZAAK WALTON. 197 
 
 III. 
 
 But where, alas? where wilt thou fix thy choice? 
 The fubjefts are fo noble all, 
 So great their beauties and thy art fo fmall, 
 They'll judge, I fear, themfelves difparag'd by thy voice : 
 Yet try, and fince thou canft not take 
 A name fo defpicably low, 
 But 'twill exceed what thou canft do, 
 Tho' thy whole mite thou away at once fhouldft thrown 
 Thy poverty a virtue make : 
 
 And, that thou may'ft immortal live, 
 (Since iminortality thou canft not give) 
 From one who has enough to fpare be ambitious to receive. 
 Of reverend and judicious Hooker ling ; 
 Hot)ker does to the church belong, 
 The church and Hooker claim thy fong, 
 And inexhaufted riches to thy verfe will bring; 
 So far beyond itfelf will make it grow, 
 That life, his gift to thee, thou fhak again on him beftow. . 
 
 IV. 
 
 How great, blefs'd foul, muft needs thy glories be ! 
 Thy joys how perfedl, and thy crown how fair [ 
 Who mad'ft the church thy chiefeft care; 
 This church which owes fo much to thee, 
 That all her fons are ftudious of thy memory, 
 'Twas a bold work the captiv'd to redeem. 
 
 And not fo only, but ih' opprefs'd to raifc- 
 (Our aged mother) to that due efteem 
 
 She had and merited in her younger days. 
 When primitive zeal and piety 
 Were all her laws and policy. 
 And decent worftiip kept the mean 
 Its too wide ftretch'd extremes between^
 
 1 98 VERSES TO MR. IZA.AK WALTON. 
 
 The rudely fcrupulous and extravagantly vain ; - 
 This was the work of Hooker's pen. 
 
 With judgment, candor, and fuch learning writ. 
 Matter and words fo exadlly fit 
 That were it to be done agen. 
 Expected 'twould be as its anfwer hitherto has been. 
 
 RITORNATA. 
 
 To Chelfea', fong; there tell thy mafter's friend . 
 The church is Hooker's debtor — Hooker his ; 
 And ftrange 'twould be if he fliouid glory mifs 
 For whom two fuch moft powerfully contend: 
 Bid him cheer up, the day's his own, 
 
 And he lliall never die, 
 Who, after fev'nty's paft and gone, 
 Can all th' aflaults of age defy ; 
 Is maftcr ftill of fo much youthful heat, 
 A child fo perfed and fo fprightly to beget. 
 
 Benste 
 March 
 
 \°o' "e^!"' } SAM. WOODFORD \ 
 
 * The refidence of Morley Bifhop of Winchefber, whofc liberality appropriated to the ufc 
 of his fucceflbrs a magnificent houfe at Chelfca, which he had purchafed for four thoufand 
 pounds. He obtained an aft of Parliament, by which that houfe v/as declared to be within 
 the diocefe of Winchefter. Such was his known beneficence, that on his promotion to the 
 fee of Winchefter, Charles II. faid of him, " That notwithllandiHg its vaft revenue he would 
 " be never the richer for it." 
 
 ' The author of thefe verfes, Dr. Samuel Woodford, was born in 1636, and having been a 
 commoner of Wadham College, in Oxford, he took his firft degree in arts, and afterward re- 
 moved to the Inner Temple, where he, was chamber-fellow with Mr. Flatman, the poet. In 
 1669, he was ordained by Morley Bifliop of Winchefter, and being created Doftor of Divi- 
 nity by a diploma from Archbifhop Sancroft, was preferred to a prebend in the church at 
 Winchefter. He compofed a Paraphrafe on the Pfalms, commended by Mr. Richard Baxter, 
 as alfo on the Canticles, with many original poems, and tranflations from the Creek, Latin. 
 Spanifti, and Italian writers. He died in 1700. (Wood's Athen, On.)
 
 TO THE READER, 
 
 1 THINK it neceflliry to inform my reader, that Dr. Gauden (the late 
 Biihop of Worcefter) hath alfo lately wrote and publilhed the life of 
 Mr. Hooker. And though this be not writ by defign to oppofe what 
 he hath truly written; yet I am put upon a neceflity to fay, that in it- 
 there be many material miftakes, and more omiffions. I conceive fonie of 
 his miftakes did proceed from a belief in Mr. Thomas Fuller % who had 
 too haftily publiflied what he hath fmce moft ingenuoufly retradled. And 
 for the Bifhop's omiflions, I luppofe his more weighty buiinefs and want 
 of time made him pafs over many things without that due examination, 
 which my better leifure, my diligence, and my accidental advantages have 
 made known unto me. 
 
 And now for myfelf, I can fay, I hope, or rather know, there are no 
 material miftakes in what I here preient to you that ftiall become my 
 reader. Little things that I have received by tradition (to which there may 
 be too much and too little faith given) I will not at this diftance of time 
 undertake to juftify : for, though I have ulcd great diligence, and com- 
 pared relations and circumftanccs, and probable refults and expreflions, 
 
 yet 
 
 E Dr. Thomas Fuller, celebrated as a biographer and an hiftorian, was educated at Cambridge, 
 having been firft admitted of Queen's College, from whence, being incapacitated by the fta- 
 tutes from fucceeding to a fellowlhip, he removed to Sidney College. He died in 1661. He 
 was a general fcholar, had a prodigious memory, a quick wit, a luxuriant fancy and inven- 
 tion, but not the moft exact judgment. Such was his moderation during the time of the civil 
 wars, that by one party, before whom he preached, he was called " a hot Royalift ;" while, 
 for his difcourfes before the King and Courtat Oxford, he vfas bla;ned as being too lukewarm. 
 Soon after the ri;ftoration he was made Chaplain in Ordinary to the King, being alfo in a well- 
 grounded expeiSbation of fome prefent farther advancement ; but here death Itepped in, and 
 drew the curtain between him and the ecclefiaftical dignities that awaited him. His laborious 
 but imperfcci " Hiftory of the Worthies of Englano" is cinfidered as the moft valuable of his 
 works. See his account of Mr. Hooker in " The Church Hiftory of Britain," B. IX. p. 214, 
 2I7> 235- (Echard's Hijlory of England, vol. lU. p. 71 — Life of Dr. Thomas Fuller, p. 5, 53-)
 
 2 00 TO THE READER. 
 
 yet I fliall not impofc my belief upon my reader, I fhrill rather leave him 
 at liberty: But if there fliall appear any material osniffion, I defire every 
 lover of truth and the memory of Mr. Hooker, that it may be made 
 known unto me. And to incline him to it, I here promife to acknowledge 
 and redify any fuch miftake in a fecond imprcfhon. which the printer fays 
 he hopes for ; and by this means my weak, but faithful, endeavours may 
 become a better monument, and, in fome degree, more worthy the me- 
 mory of this venerable man. 
 
 I confefs, that when I confider the great learning and virtue of Mr. 
 Hooker, and what fatisfadtion and advantages many eminent fcholars and 
 admirers of him have had by his labours ; I do not a little wonder that in 
 fixty years no man did undertake to tell pofterity of the excellencies of his 
 life and learning, and the accidents of both; and fometimes wonder more 
 at myfelf that I have been perfuaded to it; and indeed I do not eafily pro- 
 nounce my own pardon, nor exped that my reader fliall, unlefs my intro- 
 chidion fliall prove my apology, to which I refer him. 
 
 THE
 
 THE INTRODUCTION. 
 
 1HAVE been perfuaded by a friend, that I ought to obey, to write The 
 Life of Richard Hooker*^, the happy author of five (if not more) of the 
 eight learned books of " The Laws of Ecclefiaftical PoHty." And though I 
 have undertaken it, yet it hath been with fome unwillingnefs, forefeeing 
 that it muft prove to me, and efpecially at this time of my age, a work of 
 much labour to inquire, confider, refearch, and determine what is needful 
 to be known concerning him. For I knew him not in his life, and muft 
 therefore not only look back to his death (now fixty-four years paft) but 
 almoft fifty years beyond that, even to his childhood and youth, and gather 
 thence fuch obfervations and prognofticks, as may at leaft adorn, if not 
 prove necefTary for the completing of what I have undertaken. 
 
 This trouble I forefee, and forefee alfo that it is impofTible to efcape ccn- 
 fures ; againft which I will not hope my well-meaning and diligence can 
 protedl me (for I confider the age in which I live) ; and fhall therefore but 
 intrcat of my reader a fufpenfion of them, till I have made known unto him 
 fome reafons, which I myfelf would now fain believe, do make me in fome 
 meafure fit for this undertaking : And if thefe reafons Ihall not acquit me 
 from all cenfures, they may at leaft abate of their feverity ; and this is all 
 I can probably hope for. My reafons follow: 
 
 About forty years paft (for I am now in the feventieth of my age) I 
 began a happy affinity with William Cranmer (now with God) grand- 
 
 H h nephew 
 
 f Ifaac Walton's edition of 1675 has br.?n followed in the preceding lives of Dr. Donne 
 and Sir Henry Wotton. It is thought expedient to deviate from that edition in the Life of 
 Mr. Hooker, by adopting that which was laft revifed by Walton, and is prefixed to his works 
 printed at London in 1723, and at Oxford in 1793, yet witliout admitting tliofc pafiagcs 
 which Mr. Strype has introduced into the text.
 
 202 THE INTRODUCTION. 
 
 nephew unto the great Archbilhop of that name; a family of noted prudence 
 and refolution; with him and two of his fillers I had an entire and free 
 friendlhip : One of them was the wife of Dr. Spencer, a bofom-friend, and 
 fometime com-pupil with Mr. Hooker in Corpus Chrifti College in Oxford, . 
 and after Prefident of the fame. ! name them here, for that I Ihall have oc- 
 cafion to mention them in this following difcourfe; as alfo their brother, 
 of whofe uleful abilities my reader may have a more authentic teftimony 
 than my pen can purchafc for him, by that of our learned Camden, and 
 others. 
 
 This William Cranmer, and his two fore-named fillers, had fome affinity, 
 and a moll familiar friendlhip with Mr. Hooker, and had had fome part 
 of their education with him in his houfe, when he was parfon of Bilhop'sT 
 Born near Canterbury ; in which city their good father then, lived. They 
 had, I fay, a great part of their education with him, as myfelf, fince that 
 time, a happy cohabition with them ; and having fome years before read, 
 part of Mr. Hooker's works with great liking and fatisfa(Stion, my 
 afFe£lion to them made mc a diligent inquifitar into maiiy things that con- 
 cerned him; as namely, of his perfon, his nature, the management of his 
 time, his wife, his family, and the fortune of him and his. Which inquiry 
 hath given me much advantage in the knowledge of what is now under 
 my confideration, and intended for the fatisfadlion of my reader. 
 
 I had alfo a friendlhip with the Reverend Do£tor Ulher % the late 
 learned Archbifliop of Armagh ; and with Dodtor Morton, the late learned 
 and charitable" Billiop of Durham; as alfo with the learned John Hales, 
 
 of 
 
 E The chara£ler of this eminent Prelate is happily exprefled in the eulogium of the Uni- 
 verfity of Oxford, infcribed on his portrait, which was ordered to be prefixed to his edition of 
 The Epillles of Ignatius. " Jacobus Uflerius, Archiepifcopus Armachanus, totius Hybernioe 
 " Primas, Antiquitatis primxvse peritiffimus, orthodoxx Religionis Vindex ivamffnTs?,, 
 " Errorum nialleuSj in concionando frequens^ facundus, prsepotens, vitx inculpatx exemplar 
 " fpe£labile." 
 
 '' How properly this epithet is applied to this excellent perfon appears, from his behaviour in 
 1602, in the earlier period of his life, while the plague raged at York. The poorer fort of the in- 
 fefted, being turned out of their habitations, had booths erecSled forthem at a moor near the city •, 
 for whofe comfort and relief in that fatal extremity, Mr. Morton often repaired to them from 
 
 Marfton,
 
 THE INTRODUCTION. 
 
 203 
 
 of Eaton College, and with them alfo (who loved the very name of Mr. 
 Hooker) I have had many difcourfes concerning him; and from them, and 
 many others that have now put off mortality, I might have had more 
 informations, if I could then have admitted a thought of any fitnefs for 
 what by perfuafion I have now undertaken. But though that full harvefl; 
 be irrecoverably loft, yet my memory hath preferved fome gleanings, and 
 my diligence made fuch additions to them, as I hope will prove ufeful to 
 the completing of what I intend. In the difcovery of which I fliall be 
 faithful, and with this afTurance put a period to my Introdudlioa . 
 
 H h 2 
 
 Marfton, to preach unto them, and to minifter confolation to their languifliing fouls, having 
 withal provifions of meat carried with him in facks, to relieve the pooreft fort with. But as 
 often as he went thither, he fuffered not any fervant to attend him, but himfclf faddled and 
 unfaddled his horfe, and he had a private door made through the wall of his ftudy (being the 
 utmoft part of the houfe) for prevention, left he might bring the contagion with him and 
 
 endanger his whole family. (Richard Baddihfs Life of BiJJjop Morton.) Having thus laid 
 
 the foundation of virtue when in a more private and humble ftation, he built upon it a mod 
 noble fuperllru£lure. Kis various adlions of fplendid liberality and extenfive beneficence, 
 through the whole courfe of a long life, are only to be equalled by tlie magnanimity which 
 he difplayed in his great fufferlngs. By his will, dated Feb. 20, 1658, and proved Oct. i, 
 1660, when he had little or nothing left, he bequeathed his chalice to All-Saints Church in 
 York, and ten pounds to the poor of the parifli where he died, which was at Eafton-Maudit, 
 in Northamptonfliirc. In his epitaph he is declared — " Bonis exutus omnibus, bona 
 *■ prjcterquam Fama et Confcientia."
 
 THE LIFE OF RICHARD HOOKER. 
 
 IT Is not to be doubted, but that Richard Hooker was born within the 
 precinds", or in the city of Exeter. A city which mayjuftly boaft, that it 
 was the birth-place of him andSir Thomas Bodley"; as indeed thecounty may, 
 in which it ftands, that it hath furnifhed this nation with Bifhop Jewell', 
 
 ' On the eaft of Exeter is a parifli church, called Heavy-Tree, memorable for the birth of 
 Mr. Hooker, the judicious author of " The Ecclefiaftical Polity," and of that great civilian. 
 Dr. Arthur Duck. (Camden's Britannia.) 
 
 " Sir T. Bodley was the founder, or rather the reftorer of the public library at Oxford, which 
 was originally begun by Humphry, Duke of Gloucefter, who lived in the reign of Henry VI. and 
 collected together, and confiderably enlarged two libraries, one founded by Richard of Bury, 
 from his great love of books, ufually called Philo-biblos, Bifliop of Durliam in the reign of 
 Ed. III. and another by Thomas Cobham, Bifhop of Worcefter. — " Ilia Bodlei Induftria pluf- 
 " quam humana ; ilia tot Linguarum Artiumque infinita Comprehenfio doftos tantum egit in 
 " Stuporem ; at ilia incredibilis Morum Suavitas, ille in CongrefTibus Gelluque toto Lepos 
 " et veluti Atticifmus quidam doftos indoftofque juxta cepit." (Orat. Ftinebr. I. Hales.)' — 
 " King James, in 1605, when he came to fee our Univerfity of O.vford, and amongft other 
 edifices now went to view that famous library renewed by Sir Thomas Bodley, in imitation 
 of Alexander, at Iiis departure broke out into that noble fpeech. If I were not a king, I 
 luould be an wiiveifity man. And if it were fo, that I mu/} be a prifoner, if I might have my wij}}, 
 I would defire to have no other prifon than that library, and to be chained together with fo many good 
 authors and mortuis magiftris." (Burton's Anatvny of Melancholy, Part I. Seff. II. p. 177.^ 
 
 ' Dr. John Jewell, Bifhop of Salifbury, one of the brighteft ornaments of the reformed 
 religion, the celebrated author of " The Apology of the Church of England ;" a work ever 
 to be commended for the claffic elegance of its language, and the nervous flrength of its 
 argumentation. It attrafted the notice of the Council of Trent, who palled a very fevere 
 ccufure upon it, and though a refutation of it was undertaken by a Spanifli and Italian 
 
 Bilhopj
 
 2o6 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Sir Francis Drake™, Sir "Walter Raleigh", and many others memorable for 
 their valour and learning". He was born about the year of our Redemp- 
 tion, one thoufand five hundred fifty and three; and of parents that were 
 
 not 
 
 Bifliop, it remains yet unanfwercJ. Originally written in Latin, it was trandatcd into the 
 Greek, French, Italian, Spanifli, and Duteh languages. To Peter Martyr, Bullingcr, and 
 many other foreign Proteftants, it gave infinite fatisfa£tion. An Englifli verfion by a lady, 
 Anne the feeond daughter of Sir Anthony Cook, and the wife of the Lord Keeper Sir 
 Nicholas Baeon, was publiflied for the ufe of the common people in 1^64, and ordered to be 
 kept in every parifh-chuTch throughout England and Wales. This great and good prelate, 
 having impaired his conftitution, as well by the fatigues he underwent when abroad, as by aii 
 
 inceflant application to his ftudies, died Sept. 23, 1571, in the fiftieth year of his age. 
 
 Of his noble challenge to the learned of his adverfaries, or to all the learned men that be 
 alive. See *' Concilia RIagnx Britannise," Vol. IV. p. 220. 
 
 ' " Juelle, Mater quern tulit Devonis, 
 " Nutrixque fovit erudita Oxonia, 
 " Quern Maria ferro et igne patria expulit ; 
 " Virtus reduxit, prajfulem fecit parens 
 " Elizabetha dofla doftaium artium : 
 " Pulvis pufiUus te fepulclui Iiic contegit, 
 " Qnam parva telius nomen iiigens occulit !" 
 
 BUCHANANI POEMATA, p. 3,60. 
 
 ° Sir Francis Drake, the firfl: captain who achieved the circumnavigation of the globe, 
 was the fon of a private clergyman in Devonfhire. See " Prince's Worthies of Devon," p. 
 239, and his Life in Dr. Johnfon's Works, Vol. XIL p. 63. 
 
 " Prince's Worthies, &c. p. 530, fays :— " Who hath not known or read of this prodigy of 
 " wit and fortune. Sir Walter Raleigh, a man unfortunate in nothing but in the greatnefs of 
 " his wit and advancement, whofe eminent worth was fuch both in domeftic policy, foreign 
 " expeditions, and difcoveries in art and literature, both pra6tic and contemplative, that it 
 " might feem at once to conquer example and imitation." ( Hcivell's Familiar LitUrs, p. 387.^ 
 This great man fell a vi^lim to the jealoufy of Gondomar, the Spanifli Ambaflador. No one 
 encountered danger with more intrepidity and firmnefs : Yet his charadler never fhone with 
 greater luftre, than when he patiently fuftained the injurious and indecent language of the 
 Attorney-General, Coke, at his trial. 
 
 " Mr. Prince, in the dedication of hia " Danmonii Orlentales Illuftres," or " The Worthies 
 of Devon," obferves, that " he prefents to the view of the reader fuch an illuftrious troop of 
 ** heroes as no other country in the. kingdom, no other kingdom (in fo fmall a trait) in 
 ". Europe in all refpe£ls is able to match, much lefs excel."
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 207 
 
 not fo remarkable for their cxtra<f}:ion or riches, as for their virtue and 
 iriduftry, and God's blefling upon both; by which they were enabled to 
 educate their children in fome degree of learning, of which our Richard 
 Hooker may appear to be one fair teftimony, and that nature is not fo 
 partial as always to give the great bleffings of wifdom and learning, and 
 with them the greater bleflings of virtue and government, to thofe only 
 that are of a more high and honourable birth. 
 
 His complexion (if we may guefs by him at the age of forty) was fan-" 
 guine, with a mixture of choler; and yet his motion was flow, even in his 
 youth, and fo was his fpeech, never expreffing an earneftnefs in, either of 
 them, but a gravity fuitable to the aged. And it is obfcrved (fo far as inquiry 
 is able to look back at this dittance of time) that at his being a fchoolboy, he 
 was an early queftionift, quietly inquifitive", ''Why this was, and that was 
 not, to be remembered?" " Why this was granted, and that denied?" This 
 being mixed with a remarkable modefly, and a fweet ferene quietnefs of 
 nature, and with them a quick apprehenfion of many perplexed parts of 
 learning, impofed then upon him as a fcholar, made his mafter and others 
 to believe him to have an inward bleffed divine light, and therefore to con- 
 fider him to be a little wonder. For in that, children were lefs pregnant, 
 lefs confident, and more malleable, than in this wifer, but not better age''. 
 
 This meeknefs and conjuniSure of knowledge, with modefty in his con- 
 verfation, being obferved by his fchoolmafter, caufed him to perfuade his 
 parents (who intended him for an apprentice) to continue him at fchool 
 till he could find out fome means, by perfuading his rieh uncle, or fomc 
 other charitable perfon, to eafe them of a part of their care and charge; 
 affuring them, that their fon was fo enriched with the bleffings of nature and 
 grace, that God feemed to fmgle him out as a fpecial inftrument of his 
 glory. And the good man told them alfo, that he would double his dili- 
 gence in inftrudling him, and would neither expedt nor receive any other 
 reward, than the content of fo hopeful and happy an employment. 
 
 This 
 
 P Principium eft fcientice quxrere, et principium quxrendi dubitare. 
 
 1 The age was, perhaps, not wifer, though it might be more knowing in fome refpedls.
 
 2o8 THE LIFE OF 
 
 This was not unwelcome news, and cfpecially to his mother, to whom he 
 was a dutiful and dear child; and all parties were fo pleafed with this pro- 
 pofal, that it was refolvcdyo itjloonldbe. And in the mean time his parents 
 and maftcr laid a foundation for his future happinefs, by inftiiling into his 
 foul t.h.e feeds of piety, thofe confcientious principles of loving and fearing 
 God; of an early belief that be knows the very fecrets of our fouls ; that he 
 puuifieth our vices y and rewards our innocence, that wefjould be free from 
 hypocrify, and appear to man, what we are to Gody bccaufefirfl or lafl the crafty 
 man is catchcd in his own fnare. Thefe feeds of piety were fo feafonably 
 planted, and fo continually watered with the daily dew of God's blelfed 
 fpirit, that his infant virtues grew into fuch holy liabits, as did make him 
 grow daily into more and more favour, both with God and man ; which, with 
 the great learning that he did attain to, hath made Richard Hooker 
 honoured in this, and will continue him to be fo to fucceeding generations. 
 
 This good fchoolmafter, whofe name I am not able to recover, (and am 
 forry, for that I would have given him a better memorial in this humble 
 monument, dedicated to the memory of his fcholar) was very folicitou^ 
 with John Hooker', then Chamberlain of Exeter, and uncle to our Rich- 
 ard, to take his nephew into his care, and to maintain him for one year 
 in the univerfity, and in the mean time to ufe his endeavours to procure 
 an admiflion for him into fome college; ftill urging and afluring him that 
 his charge would not continue long; for the lad's learning and manners 
 were both fo remarkable, that they muft of neceflity be taken notice of,; 
 and that God would provide him fome fecond patron, that would free him 
 
 and his parents from their future care and charge. 
 
 Thefe 
 
 ■■ John Hooker, alias Vowell, was born at Exeter, in 15^4, of a very creditable family, being 
 the fecond fon of Robert Hooker, Mayor of that city. Having received his education at 
 Oxford, where he ftudied the Civil Law, he travelled into Germany, and at Cologn kept his 
 exercifes in law, anil took Ivis degree there. Next he went to Strafbourg, and fojourned 
 with Peter Martyr, by wliom he was inllructed in divinity. Returning home after a Hiort 
 ftay, he travelled into France, and was prevented from proceeding into Italy and Spain by 
 the French declaration of war againfl England. Hence he retired to his native town, 
 whereof lie became the firft Chamberlain in 1554) and was chofen one of the Citizens for the 
 fame in the Parliament, holden at Wedminfter in 1571. Hejdied in 1601, at the age of near 
 eighty years. He aflifted Holinlhcd in his Chronicles, and is mentioned by feveral writers 
 with fmgular refpect as an antiquary, andau hiflorian of great accuracy and fidelity.
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 209 
 
 Thefe reafons,with the affedionate rhetoric of his good mafter, and God's 
 blefling upon both, procured from his uncle a faithful promife that he would 
 take him into his care and charge before the expiration of the year following, 
 which was performed. 
 
 This promife was made about the fourth year of the reign of Queen 
 Mary ; and the learned John Jewel (after Bifhop of Sdlifbury) having been 
 in the firfl: of this queen's reign expelled' out of Corpus Chrifti college in 
 Oxford (of which he was a fellow), for adhering to the truth of thofe prin- 
 ciples of religion, to which he had afTented in the days of her brother and 
 predeceffor Edward VI. and he, having now a juft caufe to fear a more 
 heavy punifhment than expuHion, was forced, by forfaking this, to feek 
 fafety in another nation, and, with that fafety, the enjoyment of that dodrine 
 and worlhip for which he fufFered. 
 
 But the cloud of that perfecution and fear ending with the life of Oueen 
 Mary, the affairs of the church and ftate did then look more clear and com.- 
 fortable ; fo that he, and many others of the fame judgment, made a happy 
 ^feturn into England about the firft of Queen Elizabeth ; in which year this 
 John Jewel was fent a commiflioner or vifitor of the churches of the weftern 
 parts of this kingdom, and efpecially of thofe in Devonfhire', in which 
 county he was born ; and then and there he contradled a friendfhip with 
 John Hooker, the uncle of our Richard. 
 
 li In 
 
 ' This good man was one of the firfl victims to Popifh rcfentment after the accefTion of 
 Queen Mary, being expelled by feven of the fellows of his college, for attending Peter Mar- 
 tyr's ledures in divinity, for preaching dodrincs contrary to Popery ; for receiving ordination 
 by the new form, and refufing to be prefent at mafs. He concluded his valediclory fpeech, 
 delivered on occafion of his expulfion, with thefe words : " Valeant ftudia, vakant hac tecla, 
 *• valeat fedes cultiffima literarum, valeat jucundiflimus confpeclus vellri : valete juvenes, va- 
 " lete focii, valete fratres, valete oculi mei, omnes valete." His temporary dereliction of the 
 Protellant faith, which happened foon afterward, affords a melancholy inilance of the imbecil- 
 lity of human nature to withlland the attempts of infidious artifice. But, like Cranmer, he 
 burll forth with fevenfold fplendor from that momentary eclipfe which obfcured his fame. 
 
 • " Mr. Jewel was appointed for the weflern circuit, and fo it fell out fitly that he prefentcd • 
 the firil-born of his labours in the miniftry, after his return from exile, in Dcvonfhire, and parts 
 adjacent; there firfl breaking the bread ot life where firfl he received the breath of life; where 
 he endeavoured more to win his countrymen to embrace the reformation by preaching and 
 good ufage, than to terrify and awe them by that great authority the Queen's majcfly had 
 armed him with." (Prince's JVorthies, isfc.p. 422.)
 
 MO THE LIFE OF 
 
 In die third year of her reign, this John Jewel was made Biihop of Salif- 
 bury ; and there being always obferved in him a v/illingnefs to do good 
 and oblige his friends, and now a power added to it, John Hooker gave 
 him a vifit at Salilbury, " and befought him, for charity's fake, to look fa- 
 " vourably upon a poor nephew of his, whom nature had fitted for a fcho- 
 " lar; but the eflate of his parents was fo narrow, that tlicy were unable 
 " to give him the advantage of learning; and that the bifliop would, there- 
 " fore, become his patron, and prevent him from being a tradefman ; for 
 *' he was a hoy of remarkable hopes." And though the bifliop knew men 
 do not ufually look with an indifferent eye upon their own children and 
 relations, yet he aflented fo far to John Hooker, that he appointed the boy 
 and his fchoolmafter fliould attend him, about Eafter next following, at that: 
 place ; which was done accordingly : and then, after foine qucftlons and 
 obfcrvations of the boy's learning, and gravity, and behaviour, the bifliop 
 gave the fchoolmafter a reward, and took order for an annual penfion for 
 rhe boy's parents, promifing alfo to take him into his care for a future pre- 
 ferment; which was performed. For, about the fourteenth year of his age, 
 which was anno i 567, he was, by the bifliop, appointed to remove to Ox- 
 ford, and there to attend Dr. Cole", then preiident of Corpus Chrifti 
 college ; which he did ; and Dr. Cole had (according to a promife made 
 to the bifliop) provided for him both a tutor (which was faid to be the 
 learned Dr. John Reynolds") and a clerk's place in that college; which 
 
 place, 
 
 " Dr. William Cole, in 15991 exchanged witli Dr. John Reynolds the prefidentfliip of Cor- 
 pus Chrifti College for the deanery of Lincoln, wliich he did not long enjoy. He fled 
 into Germany in the time of Queen Mary, and Anthony Wood names him as one of the exiles 
 at Geneva engaged with Miles Coverdale and others in a new tranllation of the Bible. He 
 miftakes him for his brother Thomas Cole, mentioned in "Lewis's Hiftory of the feveral 
 " Tranflations of the Bible," p. 206. 
 
 " The great prodigy of learning in his time, Crakanthorp, under whom he was educated, 
 
 applied to him what was faid of Athanafius. " To name Reynolds is to commend virtue 'it- 
 
 " felf." "He alone," fays Bilhop Hall, in his " Decadof Epillles," (Dec. I- Ep. 7.) " was a well- 
 
 " furniflied library, full of all faculties, of all ftudies, of all learning : the memory, the reading 
 
 " of that man were near to a miracle." He was the great champion of Proteftantifm againlt 
 
 Bellarmine. 
 
 " Cum vibrr.t doflrc Reynoklus fulmina lingux, 
 
 " Ronianus trepidat Jupiter, et raerito." 
 
 Having
 
 RICHARD HOOKLH. 2it 
 
 jjlacc, thcr.gii it were not a full maintenance, yet v.lih tao contribution of 
 ]iis uncle, and the continued pennon of his patron, the good biHiop, gave 
 luni a comfortable fubfiilence. And in this condition hecontlau?.! u.ito the 
 eighteenth year of his age, ftill increafing in learning and prudence, and fo 
 much in humility and piety, that he feemed to be filled with the Holy 
 Glioft, and even, like St. John Baptift, to be fandified frcni his mother's 
 womb, who did often blefs the day in wjiich Ihe bare him. 
 
 About this time of his age he fell into a dangerous ficknefs, which laded 
 f.vo months'; all which time his mother, having notice of ix, did in her 
 hourly prayers as earneftly beg his life of God, as the mother of St. Auguf- 
 tine did that he might become a true Chriftlan, and their prayers were 
 botli fo heard as to be granted. Which Mr. Hooker would often mention 
 
 I i 2 with 
 
 Having fucceetled Dr. Cole as Pi-efidcnt of Corpus Cliridi College in Oxford, he died 
 May 21, 1607. Whilft he was public profcflbr of divinity at Oxford, he was involved 
 in a controverfy " on the Authority of the Scripture Chronolog)'," with Hugh Broufhton, 
 a vain and arrogant man, though the firft fcholar of his age in oriental literature. From 
 tlie active part which he took in the conference at Hampton Court, he is clafled anion"-!! 
 <' the pillars of puritanifm and the grand favourers of nonconformity." Yet it ouglit ne- 
 ver to be forgotten, that to his exertions we are principally indebted for that noble verHon 
 of the Bible which is no>v in ufe. Fuller afferts, " that his difatFeclion to the difcipline efta- 
 " blifiied in England was not fo great as fome bithops diii fufpecV, or as more nonconformifts 
 " did believe. No doubt, he defired the abolifliing of fome ceremonies for the eafe of the 
 " confcience of others, to which in his own practice he did willingly fubmit, conftantly wear- 
 " ing hood and furpliee, and kneeling at the facrament. On his death-bed he earneflly defned 
 *' abfolution, according to the form of the church of England, and received it from Dr. 
 " Holland, whofe hand he affectionately kifled in exprefllon of the joy he received there- 
 " by." C Fuller's Church Hi/lory, Book X. p. 48.) 
 
 It has been related that John Reynolds was brought up in the church of Rome, whilft his 
 brother William was educated a Proteftant: and that the two brothers, meeting togetlier one 
 day, difputed with fo much energy, that each of them changed his religion on convidion from 
 the other's arguments. This circumftance gave occafion to a copy of verfes, concluding with 
 this diftich, 
 
 " QMod gfniis hoc pugnse eft ? ubi viftus gaudst uterque, 
 •' Et fimul alteruter fe lupcrifte dolet." 
 
 To this William Reynolds has been afcribed an Englifli New Teftament in quarto, printed at 
 Rheims, in 1582, tranflated from the vulgate Latin, and retaining many Hebrew, Greek, and 
 Latin words, with an apparent intention of rendering the text lefs intelligible to common 
 readers
 
 212 THE LIFE OF 
 
 w'hh much joy, and pray that he " might never live to occafion any forrow 
 " to fo good a mother'; whom, he would often fay, he loved fo dearly, that 
 " he would endeavour to be good, even as much for her fake, as for his 
 " own." 
 
 As foon as he was perfcdlly recovered from his fickncfs, he took a jour- 
 ney from Oxford to Exeter, to fatisfy and fee his good mother, being ac- 
 companied with a countryman and companion of his own college, and 
 both on foot ; which was then either more in fafhion, or want of money 
 or their humility made it fo : But on foot they went, and took Saliiljury in 
 their way, purpofely to fee the good bifhop, who made Mr. Hooker and 
 his companion dine with him at his own table ; which Mr Hooker boafted 
 of with much joy and gratitude when he faw his mother and friends : and 
 at the biihop's parting with him, the bifhop gave him goodcounlcl, and his 
 benedidtion, but forgot to give him money ; which when the bifliop had 
 coniidered, he fent a fervant in all hade to call Richard back to him ; and at 
 Richard's return the bifhop fiiid to him, " Richard, I fcnt for you back to lend 
 " you a horfe which hath carried me many a mile, and, I thank God, with 
 " much eafe'^ ;" and prcfently delivered into his hand a walking-flaff, with 
 which he profefled he had travelled through many parts of Germany. And 
 he faid, " Ricliard, I do not give, but lend you my horfe; be furc you be 
 " honeft, and bring my horfe back to me at your return this way to Ox- 
 " ford. And I do now give you ten groats*, to bear your charges to Ex- 
 " eter; and here is ten groats more, which I charge you to deliver to your 
 '" mother, and tell her, I fend her a bifhop's benediction with it, and beg 
 
 the 
 
 » The tender anxiety of Jllo/iica, the wife of Patrlcius, and mother of St. Augujl'mf, for the 
 reform and converfion of her fon, was abundantly recompenfc.l by his extraordinary piety. 
 ■" Mifilli, Domine, manum tuam ex alto, et de hac profunda caligine eruifti animam meam, 
 " cum pro me ploraret ad te mater mea, iidelis tua, amplius quam fient matres corporea fu- 
 " nera." ( Augujlin. Confeff. L- III. C. ii.) 
 
 '■ While Bifhop Jewel was a pupil at Oxford, the plague, which prevailed there, occafioned 
 his removal into a country village, where he purfued his ftudies in a low and damp lodging- 
 room. Thus contracting a cold, he got a lamencfs, wliich atfeded him to his ueatii. Yet, 
 notwithftanding this, moll of his journeys in Germany, as well as in England, were undertaken 
 on foot. 
 
 * It is well known that pieces of ten groats, or three flnllings and fourpcnce, were current 
 at this time.
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 213 
 
 " the continuance of her prayers for me. And if you bring my horfe back to 
 " mc, I will give you ten groats more, to carry you on foot to the college : 
 " and fo God blefs you, good Richard." 
 
 And this, you may believe, was performed by both parties. But alas ! 
 the next news that followed Mr. Hooker to Oxford was, that his learned 
 and charitable patron had changed this for a better life. Which may be 
 believed, for as he lived, fo he died, in devout meditation and prayer ; 
 and in both fo zealoufly, that it became a religious queftion, " Whether his 
 *' laft ejaculations or his foul did firft enter into heaven''?'' 
 
 And now Mr. Hooker became a man of forrow and fear : of forrow, 
 for the lofs of fo dear and comfortable a patron ; and of fear for his future 
 fubfiftence. But Mr. Cole raifed his fpiritsfrom this dejedion, by bidding 
 him go cheerfully to his ftudies, and affuring him, that he fliould neither 
 want food nor raiment (which was the utmoft of his hopes), for he would 
 become his patron. 
 
 And fo he was for about nine months, or not much longer ; for about 
 that time the following accident did befal Mr. Hooker. 
 
 Edwin 
 
 •^ " It is hard to fay whether his foul or his ejaculations arrived firft in heaven, feeing he 
 
 " prayed dying, and died praying." (Fuller.) The circumftances that attended his death 
 
 are related in " Prince's Worthies," p. 428. The following beautiful lines upon him were 
 written by Fuller : 
 
 '* Holy learning, facred arts, 
 
 " Gifts of nature, ftrength of parts, 
 
 •■ Fluent grace, an humble mind, 
 
 " Worth reform'd, and wit refin'd, 
 
 « Sweetnefs both in tongue and pen, 
 
 " Inllght both in books and men, 
 
 " Hopes in wo, and fears in weal, 
 
 *' Humble knowledge, fprightly zeal, 
 
 " A lib'ral heart, and free from gall, 
 
 " Clofe to friend and true to all, 
 
 " Height of courase in truth's duel, 
 
 " Are the ftones that made this JEVTEL. 
 
 " Let him that would be truly blelt 
 
 <' Wear this Jewel in his bread," 
 
 Fuller'? Abd ndiviim.', f, 31+,
 
 214 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Edwin Saiidyo' (ihen Blfliop of London, and after ArchLllliop of 
 York) had alfo been in the days of Queen Mary forced, by forf.iking this, 
 to fcek fiifety in another nation ; where, for many years, Bilhop Jewel 
 and he were companions at bed and board in Germany''; and where, 
 in this tlieir exile, they did often eat the bread of forrow, and by that 
 means they there began fuch a friendOiip, as time did not blot out, but 
 laftcd till the death of Bidiop Jewel, which was in 157 1. A little 
 before which time the two bifhops meeting, Jewel began a ftory of his 
 Richard riooker, and in it gave fuch a charadter of his learning and man- 
 ners, that though Bifhop Sandys was educated in Cambridge", where he 
 had obliged, and had many friends ; yet his refolution was, that his fon Ed- 
 win^ fhouldbe fent to Corpus Chrifti college in Oxford, and by all means 
 
 be 
 
 ' Dr. Edwin Sandys was born at Hawkdicad in Wcftmoreland, where he founJsd a 
 j^rammar-fchool. When he was reproached with being neither gentleman nor honed man, he 
 anfwered " that he would not contend for gentry, but would defend his honefty ; that his 
 " father was an honed man, and ferved the King, and was a juftice of peace in his country." 
 He and Jewel were two of the eight divines appointed by Queen Elizabeth to hold a conference 
 with an equal number cf Romanifts, before the two Houfes of Parliament, on certain great 
 controverfial points of their religion. While he was Archbifhop of York, he fpent the greater 
 part of his time in retirement at Southwell. A very numerous family demanded from him t!ie 
 iitmod oeconomy. Hence he has been charged with exceflive pavfimony, though in the in- 
 fcription on his monument, in the church of Soutliwell, he is called " Summe liberalis, atque 
 " mifcricors, hofpitaliflinius." *' He was," faith Fuller, " an excellent and painful preacher, 
 " of a pious and godly life, which increafed in his old age ; fo that by a great and good dride, 
 " while he had one foot in the grave he had the other in heaven. It is hard to fay, whether 
 " he was more eminent in his own virtues, or more happy in his flouriibing podcrity." His 
 fermons, preached between 1550 and 1576, are faid to have been fuperior to thofe of his co- 
 temporaries, and are yet admired as patterns of eloquence and fine writing. 
 
 «■ Fird at Francfort, afterward at Strafburgh and Zurich, in which two lad places they rc- 
 fided in tlie houfe of Peter Martyr. 
 
 ' A.t St. John's college in Cambridge. 
 
 f Afterward Sir Edwin Sandys, prebendary of York, and the author of " Europne Specu- 
 -' lum ; or, a View or Survey of the State of Religion in the Wcderne Parts of the World ; 
 " wherein the Romane Religion, and the pregnant Policies of the Church of Rome to fup- 
 " port the fame, are notably difplayed with fome other memorable Difcovcries and Memora- 
 
 " tions.
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 
 
 21? 
 
 be pupil to Mr. Kooker, though his fon Edwin was then almoft of the 
 fame age : For the blfhop faid, " I will have a tutor for my fon, that fhall 
 " teach him learning by inflrudlion, and virtue by example ; and my 
 " greateft care fhall be of the laft; and (God willing) this Richard Hooker 
 " fhall be the man into whofe hands 1 will commit my Edwin." And the 
 bifliop did fo about twelve months after this refolution. 
 
 And doubtlefs, as to thefe two, a better choice could not be made ; for 
 Mr. Hooker was now in the nineteenth year of his age ; had fpent five in 
 the univerfity ; and had, by a conflant unwearied diligence, attained unto 
 a perfedlion in all the learned languages ; by the help of which, an excellent 
 tutor,and his unintermitted ftudy, he had made the fubtilty of all the arts eafy 
 and familiar to himfelf, and ufeful for the difcovery of fuch learning as lay 
 
 hid 
 
 " tions. Hagac Comitis, 1629." This work is dedicated to Arclibiniop Wliitgift. In the 
 addrefs to the reader, the editor flyles the author " ingenuous, ingenious, and acute : a gentle- 
 '' man who, as I have been credibly informed, both heretofore defcrved right well of his 
 " countrye in the fcrvice of the Prince of Orange, and the Lords of the States General, hisMa- 
 " jefly of England's fall friends and allies." The reader will not be difpleafed with the fol- 
 lowing fpccimen of his mode of writing. He thus defcribes the various contrarieties of the 
 ftate and church of Rome. " What pomp, what riot, to that of their cardinals ? What feve- 
 " rity of life comparable to that of their heremits and capucliins ? Who wealthier than their 
 " prelates ? who poorer by vow and profeflion than their mendicants ? On the one fide of the 
 " ilreet, a clolfter of virgins: on the other, a (lye of courtezans, wiih public toleration. This 
 " day all in ma(ks,with all loofenefs and foolery : to-morrow all in procciTions, whipping them- 
 " felves till the blood follow. On one door an excommunication, throwing to hell all tranf- 
 " greflburs : on another a jubilee, or full difcharge from all tranfgrtfrions. Wholearneder in 
 " all kinds of fciences than their Jefuits ? What thing more ignorant than their ordinary mafs- ' 
 " priefts ? What prince fo able to prefer his fervants and followers as the Pope, and in fo 
 " great multitude ? Who able to take deeper or readier revenge on his enemies .'' What pride 
 " equal unto his, making kings kifs his pontafle ? What humility greater than his, flirivini- 
 " himfelf daily on his knees to an ordinary pried ?" Page 39. 
 
 Sir Edwin Sandys was the intimate friend of Mr. Nicholas Ferrar. On a large fdver flagon 
 belonging to the communion-plate at Little Gidding, are thefe infcriptions : On the handle, 
 " For the church of Little Giddinge in Huntington fliyer." And on the bottom of the fluTon, 
 " What Sir Edwin Sandys bequeathed to the rememberance of friendfnip, his friend hath con- 
 " fecrated to the honour of God's fervice." He died in 1629, leaving behind him five fons, 
 all of whom, except one, forgetting their allegiance to their King, joined the Parliament 
 in the beginning of the rebellion ; his fecond fon, Colonel Edwin Sandys, particularly dif- 
 gr.icing his family by ads of the moll fnvage inhumanity againll the rcyaJiils.
 
 2i6 THE LIFE OF 
 
 from common fearchers. So that by thefe, added to his great reafon, and 
 his induftry added to both, he did not ordy know more of caiifes and cffcBs ; 
 but what he knew he knew better than other men. And with this knowledge 
 he had a mod blefl'ed and clear method of demonllrating what he knew, 
 to the great advantage of all his pupils (which in time were many), but 
 efpecially to his two firft, his dear tdwin Sandys, and his as dear George 
 Cranmer : of which there will be a fair teftimony in the enfuing rela- 
 tion. 
 
 This for his learning. And for his behaviour, amongfl: other teftimo- 
 nies, this ftill remains of him, that in four years he was but twice abl'ent 
 from the chapel prayers ; and that his behaviour there was fuch as flievved 
 an awful reverence of that God which he then worlhipped and prayed to ; 
 giving all outward teftimonies, that his affeftions were fet on heavenly 
 things. This was his behaviour towards God ; and for that to man, it is 
 obfervable, that he was never known to be angry, or paflionate, or ex- 
 treme in any of his defires ; never heard to repine or difpute witli Provi- 
 dence, but, by a quiet gentle fubmifhon and refignation of his will to the 
 wifdom of his Creator, bore the burthen of the day with patience ; never 
 heard to utter an uncomely word : And by this, and a grave behaviour, 
 which is a divine charm, he begot an early reverence unto his perfon, even 
 from thofe that at other times and in other companies, took a liberty to 
 call off that ftridtnefs of behaviour and difcourfe that is required in a colle- 
 giate life. And when he took any liberty to be pleafant, his wit was never 
 blemifhed with fcoffing, or the utterance of any conceit that bordered up- 
 on or might beget a thought of loofenefs in his hearers. Thus innocent 
 and exemplary was his behaviour in his college ; and thus this good man 
 continued till death ; ftill increafmg in learning, in patience, and in 
 piety. 
 
 In this nineteenth year of his age he was chofen, December 24, 1573, 
 to be one of the twenty fcholars of the foundation ; being eleded and ad- 
 mitted as born in Devonfliire ; out of which county a certain number are 
 to be eledled in vacancies by the founder's ftatutes. And now he was much 
 encouraged ; for now he was perfcdtly incorporated into this beloved col- 
 lege, which was then noted for an eminent library, flridt ftudents, and re- 
 markable fcholars. And indeed it may glory, that it had biihop Jewel, 
 
 Dr.
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 217 
 
 Dr. John Reynolds, and Dr. Thomas Jackfon% of that foundation. The 
 firft famous by his learned " Apology for the Church of England,'* and his 
 
 K k " Defence 
 
 c Dr. Thomas Jackfon, defcended £som a refpeftable family and born at Witton on the 
 Wear, in the county of Durham, was defigned by his parents to be a merchant in Ncwcaftle- 
 upon-Tyne. From this intention he was diverted by the Lord Eure, Baron of Malton, &c. 
 through whofe perfuafion he was placed in Queen's College, Oxford, and from thence removed 
 to Corpus Chrifti College. He was firft promoted to the pleafant redlory of Winfton, in his 
 native county, and then to the vicarage of Newcaftle-upon-Tyne. After a refidence of fome 
 years in that town, he was invited to return to Oxford, and was appointed prefident of his 
 college. 
 
 The pi-ecious manufcripts, which he left at his death, were configned by Archbifliop Shel- 
 don to the care of Mr. Barnabas Oley, who tells us, that " the reader will find in this author 
 '« an eminent excellency in that part of divinity which I make bold to call ChriftoJogy, in dif- 
 «' playing the great myjlery ofgodlinefs, God maiiifejled in human fiejli." He adds, " He that wiil 
 " carefully perufe this good author's works, (hall thereby have a goodly profpecl of the Old 
 " and New Teflament opened unto him ; fliall mightily improve in the underftanding of the 
 " holy Bible." And in his preface to Mr. Herbert's " Country Parfon,"'he blefles God for 
 the confirmation which Dr. Jackfon hath given him in the Chriftian religion againft the 
 Atheift, Jew, and Socinian, and in the Proteftant againft Rome. 
 
 One part of Dr. Jackfon's charaaer is higlily deferving of imitation. He willingly admit- 
 ted, and was much delighted with the acquaintance and familiarity of hopeful young divines, 
 not defpifing their youth, but accounting them as fons and brethren, encouraging and advifing 
 them what books to read, and with what holy preparations; lending them fuch books as they had 
 need of. So placid and benign was his difpofition, that no one ever went fad from his prc- 
 fence. 
 
 A circumftance, which occurred in his earlier life, affords an opportunity of congratulating 
 the prefent age on a noble and humane inftitution. That circumftance is thus related by his 
 biographer : 
 
 " Walking out with others of the company to wafli himfcif, he was in imminent peril of 
 " being drowned. Tke depth clofed him round about, the -weeds -were nvrapt about his head. He 
 " iveiit down to the bottom of the mountains, the earth with her bars -was about him for ever, yet Go J 
 '• brought hi! foul from corruptitn, Jonah ii. 5, 6. that, like Mofes from the flags, for the future 
 " good of the churcli and government of the college where he lived, there might be pre- 
 «' ferved the meekeft man alive -, or, like Jonas, there might be a prophet revived, as afterw-ards 
 
 lie
 
 2 1 8 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " Defence of it againft Harding\*' The fccond, for the learned and wife 
 manage of a public difpute with John Hart', of the Roman perfuafion, 
 
 about 
 
 " he proved, to forewarn the people of enfuing cleftru6tion, if peradventure they might repent, 
 " and God might revoke the judgments pronounced againft them, and fparc this great and fin- 
 " ful nation. It was a long and almoft incredible fpace of time wherein he lay under water, 
 " and before a boat could be procured, whicli was fent for rather to take out his body, before 
 " it floated, for a decent funeral, than out of hopes of recovery of life. The boatman difcern- 
 " ing where he was by the bubbling of the water, the laft figns of a man expiring, thrult down 
 " his hook at that very moment, which, by happy Providence, at the firft cflay, lighted under 
 " his arm, and brought him up into the boat. All the parts of his body were fwollen into a 
 '' vaft proportion, and although by holding his head downward they let forth mucli water, yet 
 " no hopes of life appeared, therefore they brought him to the land, and lapped him up in the 
 " gowns of his fellow-ftudents, the bell fhroud that love or nccefllty could provide. After fome 
 " warmth and former means renewed, they perceived that life was yet within him, conveyed 
 " him to the College, and commended him to the (kill of Dr. Channel, an eminent phyfician 
 " of the fame houfe, where, with much care, time, and difficulty, he recovered, to the equal 
 " joy and wonder of the whole fociety. All men concluded him to be referved for high and 
 " admirable purpofes." 
 
 " Dr. Thomas Harding, educated at Winchefter fchool, became Fellow of New College, 
 Oxford, in 1536. He was the firft King's Hebrew profefTor in that univerfity, having been 
 appointed by Henry VIII. in, or about, 1542. He was, in the reign of King Edward VI. a 
 conftant attendant on the leflures of Peter Martyr, and difplayed great zeal for the reformed 
 religion. A little before the King's death he exhorted the people not to fhrink from the true 
 doftrine of the gofpel in the day of trouble, but to confuler perfecution as fent from God to try 
 their faith. But, alas ! he found himfelf unequal to temptation. Under Queen Mary he 
 abandoned' his principles, and obtained confiderable preferment, a prebend in the church of 
 Winchefter, and the treafurefliip of of Salift)ury. On the acceftion of Queen Elizabeth he ad- 
 hered to the religion to which he had recently conformed, and fled beyond fea to Louvain, 
 ■where he diftinguiflied himfelf by writing againft Bifliop Jewel's " Challenge." He had been 
 chaplain to the Duke of Suffolk, father of Lady Jane Grey. A letter from her is yet extant 
 in Fox's " Book of Martyrs," addrcfled to him in very ftrong language. She admonifhes 
 him to relinquifli the errors of Popery, reproaches him for his apoftacy, and urges many argu- 
 ments to perfuade him to repentance and reformation. Mr. Hooker ( EccleJ. Polit. B. II. 6.) 
 applies to Biftiop Jewel and this his antagonift, what Velleius Paterculus remarks of Jugur- 
 tha and Marius : " Sub eodem Africano militantes in iifdem caftris didicere qux poftea in 
 «* contrariis facerent." Mr. Harding and the worthieft divine that Chriftendom hath bred 
 for the fpace of fome hundreds of years, who being brought up together in one univerfity, it 
 
 fell
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. ii^ 
 
 about the head and faith of the church, then printed by confent of both par- 
 ties. And the third for his moft excellent " Expofition of the Creed," and 
 for his other treatifes ; all fuch as have given greateft fatisfacftion to men of 
 the greateft learning. Nor was this man more eminent for his learning, 
 than for his ftri<ft and pious life, teftified by his abundant love and charity 
 to air. 
 
 In the year 1576, February 23, Mr. Hooker's grace was given him for in- 
 ceptor of arts ; Dr. Herbert Weftphaling', a man of noted learning, being 
 then vice-chancellor, and the adt following, he was completed mafter, which 
 was anno 1577, his patron. Dr. Cole, being that year vice-chancellor, and his 
 dear friend, Henry Savil of Merton College, then one of the prodors. It 
 was that Henry Savil, that was after Sir Henry Savil", warden of Merton 
 
 K k 2 College, 
 
 fell out in them which was fpoken of two others, " they learned in the fame that which in 
 *• contrary camps they did praclife." 
 
 ' A convert to Popery, ftyled by Camden the moft learned of his brethren, known princi- 
 pally from his difpute with Dr. Reynolds, the particulars of which are related in " the Sum 
 " of a Conference between John Reynolds and John Hart, touching the Head and the Faith 
 " of the Church, &c. London, 1588." approved, as it is faid, by John Hart to be a true con- 
 ference, and tranflated into Latin by Henry^arry, C. C. C. — Being banifhed from England 
 with other Roman priefts in 1584, he was admitted of the Society of Jefus, and was much re- 
 fpe£led by his fraternity for his learning and fantlity of life. (Wood's Ath. Ox. J 
 
 " In the preceding editions the name of Cardinal Poole was inferted. He was originally of 
 Magdalen College, Oxford, where in ijij he was admitted B. A. In 1522 Bifliop Fox ap- 
 pointed him Fellow of Corpus Chrifti College, during his refidence in foreign parts, but whe- 
 ther he came to take pofleiTion of his fellowlhip is not certain. { S^e Gutch's Wojd's Colleges and 
 Halls, p. 320, 398.) 
 
 ' Otherwife Weftfayling, of foreign extraiflion, being the grandfon of Harbcrt, a native of 
 Weftphaliain Germany; hewas canon of ChriftChurch,and vice-chancellor of the univerfityfor 
 one part of the year in 1576, and confecrated Bilhop of Hereford in 1585-6: a man of great 
 piety of life, and of fuch gravity, that he was fcarce ever feen to laugh ; leaving no great eftate, 
 but, as he declares in his will, fuch a one as would be attended with the blelhiig of God, as 
 being confcious to himfelf that no part of it was acquired by any diihonell means. 
 
 "1576. John Uuderhill of New college, Pr. 
 And 
 1576. Henry Savil of Merton College, Pr. [Le Neve, j 
 
 Henry Savil, celebrated for his fuperior knowled_^e of Greek Literature, his proficiency in 
 mathematical and philofophical ftudies, has been ftyled " That magazine of learning, whofc 
 
 memory
 
 2 20 THE LIFE OF 
 
 College, and provoH: of F.aton: he which founded in Oxford two fiimons 
 lectures, and endowed them with liberal maintenance. It was that Sir 
 Henry Savil that tranflated and enlightened the " Hiftory of Cornelius Ta- 
 " citus," with a moft excellent comment ; and enriched the world by his la- 
 borious and chargeable collefling the fcattcred pieces of St. Chryfoftom and 
 the publication of them in one entire body in Greek ; in which language 
 he was a mod judicious critic. It was this Sir Henry Savil that had the 
 happinefs to be a contemporary, and a moft familiar friend to our Richard 
 Hooker, and let pofterity know it. 
 
 And 
 
 memory fliall be honourable amongft not only tlie learned, but the righteous for ever." He 
 was born at Over-Bradley near Halifax in Yorkfhirc, Nov. 30, 1547, and was admitted into 
 Merton College, Oxford, in 1561. Upon his return from his travels into France and other 
 countries, he was appointed Preceptor to Queen Elizabeth in the Greek language. He was 
 one of the learned men, to whom the province of tranflating the bible was configned in the 
 beginning of the reign of James I. His name Is in the fifth clafs, among thofe to whom the 
 four Gofpels, the Ads of the Apoftles, and the Apocalypfc were allotted. Nor was he lefs 
 diftinguiflied for his knowledge of Englifli antiquities. He founded and liberally endowed 
 two profeflbrfhips at Oxford, one of Geometry, the other of Aftronomy. At this time fcho- 
 laftic learning and polemic divinity were principally regarded and encouraged. In the pre- 
 amble of the deed, by which a falary was annexed to thofe two profeirordiips, it is cxprefsly 
 idid that " Geometry was almofl; totally unknown and abandoned in England." 
 
 One of the mod important tranflations in the i6th centry was that of the four firft books of 
 *' Tacitus," and " The Life of Agricola," by Sir Henry Savil. The valuable notes that ac- 
 companied thcfe tranflations were rendered into Latin by Gruter, and '"publiflied at 
 Amfterdam. Ben Jonfon has commended this work in an epigram, which begins with thefe 
 lines— 
 
 " If, my religion fafe, I durft embrace 
 
 " That ftrange doclrine of Pythagoras, 
 " I (liould belecve the foule of Tacitus 
 
 " In thee, moft weighty Savile, liv'd to us." 
 
 " Learning," faith Fuller, fHdy State, p. 186.) " hath gained moft by thofe books bywhicli 
 " the printers have loft." As an Inftance of the truth of this remark he adds, " Our worthy 
 " Englifti knight, who fet forth * the golden-mouthed Father' in a filver print, was a lofer by it." 
 To the excellency of this edition a learned foreigner hath given his teftimony by applying 
 to it the line in Horace. 
 
 " Nil oriturum alias, nil ortum tale fatemur.".
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 221 
 
 And ill this year of 1577, he was chofen fellow of the college: happy 
 alfo in being the contemporary and friend of Dr. John Reynolds, of whom I 
 have lately fpokcn, and of Dr. Spencer ; both which were after and fuc- 
 ceflively made prefidents of his college : men of great learning and merit, 
 and famous in their generations. 
 
 Nor was Mr. Hooker more happy in his contemporaries of his time and 
 college, than in the pupilage and friendfhip of his Edwin Sandys and 
 George Cranmer ; of whom my reader may note, that this Edwin Sandys 
 was after Sir Edwin Sandys, and as famous for his " Speculum Europas" 
 as his brother George" for making pofterity beholden to his pen by a 
 
 learned 
 
 " George Sandys, the friend of Lucius Lord Vifcount Falkland, the feventh and youngefl: 
 fon of Archblfliop Sandys, not lefs illudrious for his exalted piety, than for his accomplilh- 
 ments as a gentleman and a fcholar, was born at Bifliopthorp, near York, in 1577. He tra- 
 velled through feveral parts of Europe, and vifited many countries and cities of the eaft. The 
 " Hiltory of his Travels," a work written by himfclf, is at this day read with great fatisfadtion. 
 He tranflated " Ovid's Metamorphofes" into Englifh verfe : but he delighted chiefly in exer- 
 
 cifinghis genius on facred fubje£ts. He is acknowledged to be the firft poet of his age 
 
 In the parifh-regifter of Boxley in Kent, where he died, is this entry. " Georgius Sandys 
 " poetarum Anglorum fui faeeuli princeps fepultus fuit Martii 7. ftilo Anglise. An. Dom. 
 " 1643." ^^'^- l^ryden declares him to be the beft verfifier of the times in which he lived, and 
 in the opinion of Mr. Pope, Englifli poetry owes much of its prefent beauty to his tranflations. 
 Nor are his original compofitions lefs elegant and corrett. To juftify the charadter given of 
 him as a poet by Walton, I fubjoin his " Verfion of the VIII Pfalm :" 
 
 " Lord, how iiluftriOus is thy name ! 
 «' Whofe power both heav'n and earth proclame ! 
 " Thy glory thou hall fet on high, 
 " Above the marble-arched fky. 
 •' The wonders of thy power thou haft 
 " In mouths of babes and fucklings plac'd : 
 " That fo tliou mightft tliy foes confound, 
 " And who in malice molt abound. 
 " Wlien I, pure heav'n, thy fabric fee, 
 " The moon and ftars difpos'd by thee } 
 " O what is man or his frail race, 
 _ " That thou fliouldft fuch a fliadow grace ! 
 
 " Next to thy angels molt renown'd, 
 " With majefty and glory crown'd ; 
 
 "Tbe
 
 122 THE LIFE OF 
 
 learned relation and comment on his dangerous and remarkable travels ; 
 and for his harmonious tranflation of the Pfalms of David, the book of Job, 
 and other poetical parts of holy vi^rit, into mod high and elegant verfe. — 
 And for Cranmer, his other pupil, I fliall refer my reader to the printed 
 teftimonies of our learned Mr. Camden", the Lord Tottenes'', Fines Mori- 
 fon", and others. 
 
 " This Cranmer, whofe Chriftian name v^as George, was a gentleman of 
 " fingular hope, the eldefl: fon of Thomas Cranmer, fon of Edmund Cran- 
 " mer, the Archbifliop's brother: he fpent much of his youth in Corpus 
 " Chrifti College in Oxford, where he continued mafter of arts for many 
 " years before he removed, and then betook himfelf to travel, accompany- 
 " ing that worthy gentleman Sir Edwin Sandys into France, Germany, 
 *' and Italy, for the fpace of three years ; and after their happy return, he 
 
 betook 
 
 ■*' The king of all thy creatures made; 
 
 " That all beneath his feet hath laid : 
 " All that on dales or mountains feed, 
 
 " That fliady woods or deferts breeds 
 
 " What in tlie airy region glide, 
 
 " Or through the rowling ocean flide. 
 
 " Lord, how illuftiious is thy name ! 
 
 " Whofe pow'r both heav'n and earth proclame '." 
 
 "King, blthop of Chichefter, who himfelf trandatcd the Pfalms for the ufe of the common 
 •people, obfervcs that Mr. George Sandys was too elegant for the vulgar ufe, changing both 
 the metre and tunes wherewith they had been long acquainted. 
 
 " " Ctcidit tamen ex Anglls Cranmerus pro-regc ab epiftolis, vir eruditiffimus, ct ipfi eo no- 
 '*' mine longe chariflimus." (Camden, Annal. Regin. Eliz. fitb. An. 1600.) 
 
 » Sir George Carew, created by Charles I. Earl of Totncs, and celebrated for his military ex- 
 ploits inlreland, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. He was the author of " Pacata Hibernia ; 
 •** or, the Hiftory of the Wars in Ireland, efpecially within the Province of Munfter, in the 
 « Years 15995 i6oo, 1601, and 1602. 
 
 <i Mr. Morrifon, Secretary to Lord Mountjoy, and author of " An Itinerary, containing his 
 *■■ ten Years Travels through the twelve Dominions of Germany, Bohmerland, Switzerland, 
 •' Denmark, Poland, England, Scotland, and Ireland ; divided into three Parts. London, 
 J 61 7." Fol. Publiflied after Lis death, and originally written in Latin.
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. . 223 
 
 " betook himfcif to an employment under Secretary Davifon' ; after wliofe 
 " fall he went in place of Secretary with Sir Henry Killigrew* in his cm- 
 " baffage into France ; and after his death he was fought after by the moft 
 " noble Lord Mountjoy', with whom he went into Ireland, where he re- 
 mained 
 
 >■ Winiam Davifon, Efq. one of the Principnl Secretaries of State to Queen Elizabeth, a 
 plain and lionefl; man, without policy, and totally unfkilled in the dark intrigues of a court. 
 His condufl witli rcfpeft to the warrant granted for the execution of Mary Queen of Scots 
 has been varioufly reported. ( See the State Trials, 1583, 30 Eliz.J The fulleft credit may 
 probably be given to his own aflertions in the Star-Chamber, when he protefted before God 
 and the commifHoncrs that were appointed to try him, " That wittingly or willingly he had 
 " done nothing in this thing but that which he was perfuaded in his confcicnce the Queen 
 " willed. In the which if he had carried himfelf to do any part either by unfkilfulncfs or nc- 
 '• £:!ge:;cc, he could not choofe but be grievoully forrj', and undergo willingly the cenfure of 
 " the commiflioners." When he was fentenced, Sir Edmond Anderfon, one of his judges, 
 faid of him, that herein he had done " juftum non jufte ;" and fo, acquitting of all malice, 
 
 cenfured him for Lidifcretlon. (Fallers Worthies, Lincolnjhire, p. 161.) " In the reign of 
 
 '• Queen Elizabeth we read of one, whom the grandees of the Court procured to be made Se- 
 " cretary of State, only to break his back in the bufinefs of the Queen of Scots, whofe death 
 " they were then projecting. Like true courtiers, they firil engage him in that fatal fcene, 
 •' and then dcfert him in it ; ufing him only as a tool, to do a prefent ftate-job, and then to be 
 " reproached and ruined for what he had done." (Dr. Soitth's twelve Sermons, \6gi, p. 137.) 
 
 ' Sir H. Killigrew, the hufband of Katherine, the fourth daughter of Sir Anthony Cook, no 
 lefs renowned than her three fifters for her knowledge of the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin lan- 
 guages: An epitaph on this learned lady was written by Andrew Melville. (See alfi Buchanani 
 Poen'.ata, p. 351.) Fuller has prcfervcd feme Latin verfes compofed by her on the following 
 occafion: Her hufband Sir Henry Killigrew, being defigned by Queen Elizabeth Ambaflador 
 for Frar.cc in troublefome times, when the employment, always difficult, was then apparently 
 dangerous, this affe£tionate wife wrote thefe verfes to Mildred Cecil, her elded fifter, to ufe her 
 intercil with the Lord Treafurcr her hufband, that Sir Henry might be excufed from that fer- 
 vice : 
 
 " f i r.iihi qiictn cvinio cures, Mildreda, remitti, 
 
 " Tu bona, lu melior, tu mihi fola Soror. 
 " Sin male cunftando retines, vel trans Mare mittcs, . 
 
 " Tu mala, tu pejor, tu inilii nulla Soror. 
 " It 11 Cornubiam, tibi Pax fit et omnia laeta ! 
 
 " Sia Mare, Cecili nuntiu Belh, vale." 
 
 (Bicgraph. Brit, in the article Cook Antiion'v, p. 1+56. [Fj) 
 
 • An accomplilhed and brave foldicr. Queen Elizabeth, confiding in her own princely 
 judgment and opinion, had formed fo favourable an opinion of his worth and condud, that 
 
 flie
 
 2 24 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " mained, until in a battle againft the rebels near Charlinford, an unfoitu- 
 " nate wound put an end both to his life and the great hopes that were 
 " conceived of him." 
 
 Betwixt Mr. Hooker and thefe his two pupils, there was a facred friend- 
 fhip; a friendfhip made up of religious principles, which increafed daily 
 by a fimilitude of inclinations to the fame recreations and fludies ; a friend- 
 fhip elemented in youth and in an univerfity, free from felf-ends,^ which 
 the friendfliips of age ufually are not. In this fweet, this blefled, this fpi- 
 ritual amity, they went on for many years : And, as the holy prophet faith, 
 fo " they took fweet counfel together, and walked in the houfe of God as 
 " friends." By which means they improved it to fuch a degree of amity 
 as bordered upon heaven ; a friendfhip fo facred, that when it ended in this 
 world, it began in the next, where it fhall have no end. 
 
 And though this world cannot give any degree of pleafure equal to fuch 
 a friendfliip; yet obedience to parents, and a defire to know the affairs, 
 and manners, and laws, and learning of other nations, that they might 
 thereby become the more ferviceable unto their own, made them put ojSF 
 their gowns and leave Mr. Hooker to his college : where he was daily 
 more affiduous in his ftudies, ftill enriching his quiet and capacious foul 
 with the precious learning of the philofophers, cafuifts, and fchoolmen ; and 
 with them the foundation and reafon of all laws, both facred and civil ; and 
 with fuch other learning as lay moft remote from the tracl of common ftu- 
 dies. And as he was diligent in thefe; fo he feemed reftlefs in fearching the 
 fcope and intention of God's fpirit revealed to mankind in the facred Scrip- 
 ture; for the underftanding of which, he feemed to be affifted by the fame 
 fpirit with which they were written ; he that regardeth truth in the inward 
 parts, making him to underftand wifdom fecretly. And the good man 
 would often fay, " The fcripture was not writ to beget pride and difputa- 
 " tions, and oppofition to government ; but moderation, and charity, and 
 " humility, and obedience, and peace, and piety in mankind ; of which no 
 " good man did ever repent himfelf upon his death-bed.'' And that this was 
 really his judgment did appear in his future writings, and in all the adlions 
 
 of 
 
 llie would have him and none other to finifh and bring the Irifli war to a propitious end, which, 
 not deceiving her good conceit of him, he nobly achieved, thougli with much pains and care- 
 fuhiefs. C Lloyd's State JVorthies, p. 665.)
 
 RICHARD H00KC:R. 425 
 
 of his life. Nor was this excellent man a ftrangerto the more light and airy 
 parts of learning, as mufic and poetry ; all which he had digeftcd, and made 
 ufeful ; and of all which the reader will have a fair teftimony in what fol- 
 lows". 
 
 Thus he continued his ftudies in all quietnefs for the fpace of three or 
 more years ; about which time he entered into facred orders, and was 
 made both deacon and prieft; and not long after, in obedience to the Col- 
 lege Statutes, he was to preach either at St. Peter's, Oxford", or at St. Paul's 
 Crofs % London, and the laft fell to his allotment. 
 
 LI In 
 
 " In 1579 Mr. Hooker read the Hebrew leclure at Oxford, during the indifpoCtion of Mr. 
 Thomas Kingfmill, fellow of Magdalen College, who in 1565 was elecled public orator, and 
 in 1569 Hebrew profcflbr. This circumflance, mentioned by Walton, in the earlier editions 
 of Mr. Hooker's Life, was afterward omitted; as alfo the account of his expulfion from his 
 college in 1579, with his immediate reftoration. This expulfion probably did not happen, or 
 the caufe of it was fo frivolous as not to deferve notice. 
 
 * The Fellows of Corpus Chrifti College in Oxford are obliged by their own ftatutes to 
 preach at Paul's Crofs, or at St. Peter's in Oxford, in Lent, before they can be admitted to 
 the degree of Bachelor in Divinity. There were no fermons preached before the univerfity 
 at the time of the foundation of C. C. C. but in Lent. The Univerfity Church is of a later 
 date. 
 
 ^ We learn froni Stowe, that in the midfl: of the churchyard of St. Paul's was a pulpit 
 crofs of timber, mounted upon fteps of flone, and covered with lead, in which were fermons 
 preached by learned divines every Sunday in the forenoon, when the court and the magiftrates 
 of the city, befides a vaft concourfe of people, ufually attended. Dugdale mentions " its 
 leaded cover." This circumflance explains Owen's epigram entitled " Paul's Crofle and the 
 Croflc in Cheap oppofite St. Peter's Church." 
 
 " /urea cur Pefro pofita eft Crux, flumhea Pnu'o ? 
 " Paulinam decorant aurca Verba Ciucera." 
 
 In foul and rainy weather thcfe folemn fermons were preached at a place called " The 
 Shrouds," which was, it feems, by the fide of the Cathedral Church, under a covering or 
 {belter. In the Pepyfian Colleftion at Magdalen College in Cambridge, is a drawing of the 
 pulpit at Paul's Crofs, as it appeared in 1621.— — During the wars of York and Lancaftcr 
 Paul's Crofs was a mere ftate engine. 
 
 " Heic is th' iiidiiSlment of the good Lord Haftings, 
 
 " Which, in a fet hand, fairly is ingrofs'd ; 
 
 " That it may be to-day read o'er /« Paul's, 
 
 S«AKEfPEAR's Richard III. AS!. III. Sc. VI. 
 
 It
 
 226 THE LIFE OF 
 
 In order to which fcrmon, to London he came, and immediately to the 
 Shunamites-Houfe; which is a houle lb called ; for that, befides the iVipend 
 paid the preacher, there is provifion made alfo for his lodging and diet 
 two days before, and one day after his fermon. This houfe was then kept 
 by John Churchman, fometimes a draper of good note in WattUng-ftreet, 
 upon whom, after many years of plenty, poverty had at laft come like an 
 armed man, and brought him into a necefli tons condition; which, though 
 it be a puniihment, is not always an argument of God's disfavour, for he 
 was a virtuous man: I fhall not yet give the like teltimony of his wife, 
 but leave the reader to judge by what follows. But to this houfe Mr. 
 Hooker came fo wet, fo weary, and weather-beaten, that he was never 
 known to exprefs more paffion, than againft a friend that diifuaded him 
 from footing it to London, and for hiring him no eafier a horfe, (fup- 
 pofmg the horfe trotted when he did not;) and at this time alfo, fuch a 
 faintnefs and fear poffeiTed him, that he would not be perfuaded two days 
 quietnefs, or any other means could be ufed to make him able to preach 
 his Sunday's fcrmon; but a warm bed, and reft, and drink proper for a 
 
 cold. 
 
 It was at Paul's Crofs that in the beginning of the reformation the Rood of GracCj wliofe 
 eyes and lips were moved with wires, was expofed to the view of the people and deftroyed 
 by them. It was a place of general refort, where the citizens met, like the Athenians of 
 old, for the fake of hearing and telling of news. " A man was a(ked whether he was at the 
 " fcrmon at Paul's Crofs ? and he anfwered that he was there ; and being aflced what news 
 •' there ? Marry, quoth he, wonderful news." And it was fometimes a fubjeft of complaint, 
 that the people walked up and down in the fermon-time, and that there was fuch buzzing and 
 huzzing in the preacher's ear, that it made him oft to forget his matter. 
 
 It feems to have been within the province of the Bifhop of London, to fummon from the 
 univerfities, or from other places, deacons of the befl abilities to preach there. Sandys, when 
 the Bifhop of London, in an addrefs to the Lord Treafurer Burghley and the Earl of Lcicefler, 
 concerning feditious preachers, tells them that " he does what he can to procure fit men to 
 " preach at the Crofs, but that he cannot know their hearts." (Stiype's Whitgift, Appen- 
 dix, p. g.) For the due providing thefe fermons, and for the encouragement of the preachers, 
 Bifhop Aylmer was a great benefaflor. 
 
 When Bifhop Jewel was a pupil at Oxford, Mr. Parkhurft, his tutor, gave him " Tindal's 
 Tranflation of the Bible" to read, himfelf overlooking Coverdale's. Obferving Jewel's acute 
 remarks on thefe two verfions, he exclaimed, " Surely Paul's Crofs will one day ring of this 
 •' boy." Prophefying, as it were, fays my author, of that noble fermon of his at Paul's Crofs, 
 JLii 1560, on I Cor. xi. 23. (Prince's Worthies of Devon.)
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 
 
 127 
 
 cold, given him by Miftrefs Churchman, and her diligent attendance added 
 unto it, enabled him to perform the office of the day, which was in or 
 about the year 158 1. 
 
 And in this firft public appearance to the world, he was not fo happy as 
 to be free from exceptions againft a point of dodtrine delivered in his fer- 
 mon, which was, that " in God there were two wills; an antecedent, and 
 " a confequent will: his firft will, that all mankind Ihould be faved; but 
 " his fecond will was, that thofe only fliould be faved, that did live anfwerable 
 *' to that degree of grace v^'hlch he had offered or afforded them." This 
 feemed to crofs a late opinion of Mr. Calvin's^, and then taken for granted 
 by many that had not a capacity to examine it, as it had been by him, and 
 had been fince by Dr. Jackfon, Dr. Hammond ■", and others of great learn- 
 ing, who believe that a contrary opinion trenches upon the honour and 
 juftice of our merciful God. How hejuftilied this, I will not undertake to 
 declare; but it was not excepted againft (as Mr. Hooker declares in an oc- 
 cafional anfwer to Mr. Travers) by John Elmer, then Bifliop of London", 
 
 L 1 2 at 
 
 ' Of this diflinguiflied divine, the founder of the Church of Geneva, fee Mr. Hooker's 
 Preface to his " Ecclefiaftical Polity," Se£l:. II. 
 
 " The name of Dr. Hammond requires no eulogy. His excellent writings fully demon- 
 ftrate his piety and learning. It is remarked of him, that, after all his great acquifinions, 
 the fcholar was lefs eminent than the Chriftian : That his fpeculative knowledge, which gave 
 light to the moft dark and diiEcult points, bccarhe eclipfed by the more dazzling luftre of his 
 practice. 
 
 ^ The conduft of Aylmer, Bitliop of London, in the fcenes of public life, has been accurately 
 defcribed by the induflrious pen of Mr. Strype. It will be fufficient to notice one trait of his 
 charafter, which difplayed itfelf in his care of Lady Jane Grey, to whom he was tutor. Such 
 was the fuaviiy of his difpofition, fo gently, fo pleafantly, and with fuch fair allurements to 
 learning, did he inftrucl: her, that (he thought all the time nothing, whilft Ihe was with him. 
 ** And when I am called from him", faid this accompliflicd young woman, " I fall on weep- 
 " ing, becaufe whatfoever I do eHe but learning, is full of grief, trouble^ fear, and wholly 
 •* mifliking to me. And thus my book has been fo much my pleafure, and bringeth daily to 
 *' me more pleafure and more, that in refpecl of it all other pleafures in very deed be but 
 
 *' trifles and troubles to me." (Afcham^s Schsolmajfer.) On this occafion Roger Afcham 
 
 thus exclaims in a Latin letter to this lady. " O Elmarum meum fclicifTimum, cui talis 
 " contigit difcipula, et te multo feliciorem, qux eum Prneceptorem nada es : Utrique certe 
 *' et tibi qux difcis et illi qui docet et gratulor et gaudeo." 
 
 " That
 
 328 THE LIFE OF 
 
 at this time one of his auditor?, and at lafl one of his advocates too, when 
 Mr. Hooker was accufed for it. 
 
 But the juftifying of this dodlrine did not prove of fo bad confequence, 
 as the kindnefs of Mrs. Churchman's curing him of his late diftemper and 
 cold, for that was fo gratefully apprehended by Mr. Hooker, that he 
 thought himfelf bound- in confcience to believe all that fhe faid: So that 
 the good man came to be perfuaded by her, that " he was a man of a ten- 
 '^' dor conftitution;'' and, " that it was heft for him to have a wife, that 
 " might prove a nurfe to him; fuch a one as might both prolong his life, 
 " and make it more comfortable; and fuch a one, fhe could and would 
 " provide for him, if he thought fit to marry." And he not confidering, 
 that " the children of this world are wifer in their generation than the 
 " children of light;" but, like a true Nathaniel, who feared no guile, be- 
 caufe he meant none, did give her fuch power as Eleazer was trufted 
 with, when he was fent to choofe a wife for Ifaac ; for even fo he trulled 
 her to choofe for him, promifing upon a fair fummons to return to Lon- 
 don, and accept of her choice; and he did fo in that or the year following. 
 Now, the wife provided for him was her daughter Joan, who brought 
 him neither beauty nor portion ; and for her conditions,^ they were too 
 Hke that wife's, which is by Solomon compared to a dripping houfe: So 
 that he had no reafon to " rejoice in the wife of his youth," but rather to 
 fay with the holy prophet, " Wo is me that I am conftrained to have my 
 " habitation in the tents of Kedar'!" 
 
 This choice of Mr. Hooker's (If it were his choice) may be wondered 
 at ; but let us confider that the Prophet Eizekiel fays, " There is a wheel 
 " within a wheel;" a fccret facred wheel of Providence (efpecially in mar- 
 riages) 
 
 " That which I taught," fays Mr. Hooker ( Anfwer to Mr. Trovers' s Supplication, SeB. VIII.) 
 " was at Paul's Crofs-, it was not huddled in amongfl other matters in fuch fort that it could 
 *' pafs without noting: It was opened, it was proved, it was fonie reafonable time flood upon. 
 " I fee not whicli way my Lord of London, who was prefcnt and lieard it, can excufe fo 
 " great a fault as patiently without rebuke or coutroulment afterward to hear any man there 
 " teach otherwife than the word of God doth." 
 
 « Anthony Wood pronounces the wife of Mr. Hooker to have been a filly clownifli woman, 
 and withal a mere Xantippc.
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 229 
 
 riages) guided by his hand, that " allows not the race to the fwlft," nor 
 " bread to the wife," nor good wives to good men: And he that can bring 
 good out of evil (for mortals are bUnd to fuch reafons) only knows why 
 this blefling was denied to patient Job, and (as fome think) to meek 
 Mofes, and to our as meek and patient Mr. Hooker. But fo ic was; and 
 let the reader ceafe to wonder, for ajjll^lon is a (divine diet ; which though 
 it be unpleafing to mankind, yet Almighty God hath often, very often 
 impofed it as good, though bitter phylic to thofc children whofe fouls are 
 dcareft to him. 
 
 And by this means the good man was drawn from the tranquillity of his 
 college ; from that garden of piety, of pleafure, of peace, and a fweet con- 
 verfation, into the thorny wildernefs of a bufy world; into thofc corroding 
 cares that attend a married prieft, and a country parfonage; which was 
 Dralton Beuchamp'' in Buckinghamfhire, (not far from Ailfbury, and in 
 thediocefe of Lincoln;) to which he was prefented by John Cheney, Efq. 
 (then patron of It) the 9th of December, 1584, where he behaved himfelf 
 fo, as to give no occafion of evil, but (as St. Paul advlfeth a minlfter of 
 God) " In much patience, In afflldions, in anguiilies, In necelhtics, in 
 " poverty, and no doubt in long-fufferlng;" yet troubling no man with his 
 difcontents and wants". 
 
 And In this mean condition he continued about a year ; in which time 
 his two pupils, Edwin Sandys and George Cranmer, were returned from 
 travel, and took a journey to Draiton to fee their tutor; where they found 
 him with a book In his hand (it was the " Odes of Horace"), he being 
 then tending his fmall allotment of fliccp in a common field ; which he 
 told his pupils he was forced to do, for that his fervant was then gone home 
 
 to 
 
 ^ Drayton Beaclwm, R. St. Mary, in the Deanery of Muralley in the Archdeaconry of 
 Bucks. Bifliop Gauiien is miftakcn when he relates that Mr. Hooker was preferred to tliis 
 living by his college. Lord Cheyue prefented his clerk to this redory in I7c8. (Baccti'i- 
 Libcr Regis, p. 495 J 
 
 ' By this inconfidcrate marriage his fellowfliip was immediately vacated. Dr. Gaudcn's 
 ignorance of jthis unfortunate event has occafioned him to afligri feveral reafons why Mr, 
 Hooker forfook an academic life, and chofe to conllgn the rich treafury of his learning to the 
 rctirednefs and obfcurity of a country parfonage.
 
 ijo THE LIFE OF 
 
 to dine, and affift his wife to do fome ncceflary houfehold bufinefs. When 
 his lervant returned and releafed him, his two pupils attended him unto his 
 houfe, where their beft entertainment was his quiet company, which was 
 prefently denied them ; for Richard was called to rock the cradle ; and 
 their welcome was fo like this, that they ftayed but next morning, which 
 was time enough to difcover and pity their tutor's condition : and having 
 in that time remembered and paraphrafed on many of the innocent recrea- 
 tions of their younger days, and by other fuch like diverfions, given him as 
 much prefcnt pleafure as their acceptable company and difcourfe could af- 
 ford him, they were forced to leave him to the company of his wife, and 
 feek themfelves a quieter lodging^ But at their parting from him, Mr. 
 Cranmer faid, " Good tutor, I am forry your lot is fallen in no better ground, 
 " as to your parfonage ; and more forry your wife proves not a more com- 
 " fortable companion after you have wearied your thoughts in your reft- 
 " lefs ftudies." To whom the good man replied, " My dear George, if 
 *' faints have ufually a double fhare in the miferics of this life, I, that am 
 *' none, ouglit not to repine at what my wife Creator hath appointed for 
 *' me ; but labour, as indeed I do daily, to fubmit to his will, and poffefs 
 •*' my foul in patience and peace^." 
 
 At their return to London, Edwin Sandys acquaints his father (then Bi- 
 fhop of London, and after Archbifhop of York), with his tutor's fad condi- 
 tion, and folicits for his removal to fome benefice that might give him a 
 more comfortable fubfiftence ; which his father did moft willingly grant 
 him, when it fliould next fall into his power. And not long after this time, 
 
 which 
 
 *■ How ftrongly is this unpleaHng Homcftic fcene contrafled by the gentle manners, the ex- 
 alted piety, the extenfive charity, the famt-like.humility of that excellent woman, the wife of 
 "Mr. George Herbert ? 
 
 £ On the done which covers the body of Thomas a Kempis is his effigy, and that of another 
 perfon extending to him a label whereon is written a queflion to this purpofe: — 
 
 " Oh ! where is PEACE, for thou its paths haft trod ? 
 
 To which Kempis is rcprcfented as anfwering — 
 
 « In poverty, retirement, and with God. (the Amaranth, 1767, /•• »3..)
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 23 r 
 
 whicli was in the year 1585 ", Mr. Alvy, Mifter of the Temple, died, who 
 was a man of a ftrift life, of great learning, and of fo venerable behaviour, 
 as to gain fuch a degree of love and reverence from all men that knew him, 
 that he was generally known by the name of Father Alvy. At the Temple 
 reading, next after the death of this Father Alvy, the Archbiihop of York 
 being then at dinner with the judges, the reader, and benchers of that fo- 
 ciety, he there met with a condolement for the death of Father Alvy, a 
 high commendation of his faint-like life and of his great merit both to 
 God and man ; and as they bewailed his death, fo they wifhed for a like 
 pattern of virtue and learning to fucceed him. And here came in a fair oc- 
 cafion for the Archbifhop to commend Mr. Hooker to Father Alvy's place, 
 which he did with fo efre(5lual an carneftnefs, and that feconded with fo ma^ 
 ny other teftimonies of his worth, that Mr. Hooker was fent for from 
 Draiton Beauchamp tO London, and there the mafterfhip of the Temple 
 propofed unto him by the Bifhop, as a greater freedom from his country 
 cares, the advantage of a better fociety, and a more liberal penfion than his 
 parfonage did afford him. But thefe reafons were not powerful enough to 
 incline him to a willing acceptance of it : his wifh was rather to gain a bet- 
 ter country-living, where he might hz free from noife^ (fo he exprelTed the 
 defire of his heart), and eat that bread, which he might more properly call 
 his own, in privacy and quietnefs'. But notwithftanding this averfenefs, he 
 was at laft perfuaded to accept of the Bifhop's propofal ; and was by patent 
 
 for 
 
 * Richard Alvy was alfo the firft canon of the fifth ftall in the collegiate church of St. 
 Peter, Weftminfter. The Mafterfhip of the Temple was vacated by his death in Auguft 
 1584. 
 
 ' Mr. Mafon has happily applied this paiTage in an elegy to the Rev. Mr. Hurd, the prefant 
 Bifhop of Worcefter : 
 
 " Whofe equal mind could fee vain Fortune fliower 
 
 " Her fliiniy favours on the fawning crew, 
 " While in low Thurcafton's lequefter'd bower 
 
 " She ftxt him diftant from promotion's view. 
 *' Yet (lielter'd there by calm Contentment's wing, 
 
 " Pleas'd he could fmile, and with fage Hooker's eye 
 " See from his mother-earth God's bledings fpring, 
 
 " And eat his bread in peace and privacy."'
 
 33 J THE LIFE OF 
 
 for life" made Maftcr of the Temple the 17th of March, 1585, he being 
 then in the 34th year of his age'. 
 
 And here I fliall make a ftop ; and, that the reader may the better judge 
 of what follows, give him a charadter of the times, and temper of the 
 people of this nation, when Mr. Hooker had his admilfion into this place : 
 a place which he accepted, rather than delired ; and yet here he promifed 
 himfelfa virtuous quictncfs ; that blefled tranquillity which he always 
 prayed and laboured for ; that fo he might in peace bring forth the fruits 
 of peace, and glorify God by uninterrupted prayers and praifes ; for this he 
 always thirfted ; and yet this was denied him. For his admiffion into this 
 place was the very beginning of thofe oppofitions and anxieties, which till 
 then this good man was a ftranger to, and of which the reader may gucfs 
 by wliat follows. 
 
 In this charadler of the times, I fhall by the reader's favour, and for his 
 information, look fo far back as to the beginning of the reign of Queen 
 Elizabeth ; a time in which the many pretended titles to the crown, the fre- 
 quent treafons, the doubts of her fuccefTor, the late civil war, and the fliarp 
 perfecution that had raged to the effufion of fo much blood in the reign of 
 Queen Mary, were frefh in the memory of all men ; and thefe begot fears 
 in the mod pious and wifcft of this nation, left the like days fliould return 
 again to them or their prefent pofterity. The apprehenfion of which dan- 
 gers begot an earneft defire of a fettlement in the church and ftate ; be- 
 lieving there was no other way to make them fit quietly under their own 
 vines asid fig-trees, and enjoy the defired fruit of their labours. But time, 
 and peace, and plenty, begot felf ends; and thofe begot animofities, env^^, 
 
 oppo- 
 
 ^ This you may find in tlie " Temple Rcconls." William Ermilead was mafter of the 
 Temple at the diflblution of the Priory, and died 2 Eliz- Richard Alvy, Bat. DivinitA", 
 Pat. 1 3 Feb. 2 Eliz. Magiller five cuflos domus ct ecclefise novi Templi; diediy Eliz. — Richard 
 Hooker fucceedcd that year by patent, in terminis, as Alvy had it, and he left it 33 Eliz. — 
 That year Dr. Bclgey fuccecded Richard Hooker. 
 
 ' On this occafion two other candidates were propofed — Mr. Walter Travers and Dr. Ni- 
 cholas Bond the queen's chaplain. The former, commended by Alvy himfclf on his death- 
 bed to be mafter after him, was fupported by the interefl of the Lord Treafurer Burghley } 
 the latter, named to the queen by Archbifhop Whitgift, was afterward admitted preGdent of 
 Magdalen college, Oxford, and much abufcd by Martin Mar-Prelate. (Stiypc.J
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 
 
 235 
 
 oppofition, and unthankfulnefs for thofe ble/Tings for which they lately 
 thirfted, being then the very utmoft of their defires, and even beyond their 
 hopes. 
 
 This was the temper of the times in the beginning and profirefs of her 
 reign ; and thus it continued too long : for thofe very people that had en- 
 joyed the defines of their hearts in a reformation from the church of Rome 
 became at laft fo like the grave, as never to be fatisfied ; but were ftill thirfl- 
 ing for more and more: negledling to pay that obedience to government 
 and perform thofe vows to God, which they made in their daysX)f adverfi- 
 ties and fears ; fo that in a (hort time there appeared three feveral interefts, 
 each of them fearlefs and reftlefs in the profecution of their defigns ; they 
 may for dlftindion be called the " a£live Romanifts," the " reftlefs Non- 
 conformifts," (of which there were many forts) and the " paffive, peace- 
 able Proteftant""." The councils of the firft confidered and refolved on in 
 Rome ; the fecond in Scotland, in Geneva, and in divers feleQed, fecret, 
 dangerous conventicles both there and within the bofom of our own na- 
 tion ; the third pleaded and defended their caufe by eftablifhed laws, both 
 ecclefiaftical and civil ; and if they were adlive, it was to prevent the other 
 two from deftroying what was by thofe known laws happily eftabliflied to 
 them and their poftcrity. 
 
 I fhall forbear to mention the very many and dangerous plots of the Ro- 
 manifts againft the church and ftate ; becaufe what is principally intended 
 in this digreffion is an account of the opinions and adtivity of the Koncon- 
 formifts ; againft whofe judgment and practice Mr. Hooker became at laft, 
 but moft unwillingly, to be engaged in a book war ; a war which he main- 
 tained, not as againft an enemy, but with the fpirit of mecknefs and rea- 
 fon. 
 
 In which number of Nonconformifts, though fomc might be fincere and 
 well-meaning men, whofe indifcreet zeal might be fo like charity, as there- 
 by to cover a multitude of errors, yet of this party there were many that 
 were poflefled of an high degree of fpiritual wickedneis ; I mean with an 
 innate, reftlefs, radical pride and malice ; I mean not thofe lefler fins which 
 are more viiible and more properly carnal, and fins againft a man's felf, as 
 
 M m gluttony 
 
 " This word is here ufcd in a more limited fenfe to denote a member cf the Church of 
 England.
 
 2 34 THE LIFE OF 
 
 gluttony, and drunkennefs, and the like (from which, good Lord, deliver 
 us) ; but Tins of a higher nature, becaufe more unlike to the nature of God, 
 which is love, and mercy, and peace, and more like the devil (who is no 
 glutton, nor can be drunk, and yet is a devil) ; thofe wickedneffes of ma- 
 lice and revenge, and oppofition, and a complacence in working and be- 
 holding confuiion (which are more properly his work, who is the enemy 
 and difturbcr of mankind ; and greater fms, though many will not believe 
 it) ; men whom a furious zeal and prejudice had blinded, and made incapa- 
 ble of hearing reafon, or adhering to the ways of peace ; men whom pride 
 and felf-conceit had made to over- value their own wildom, and become per- 
 tinacious, and to hold foolifh and unmannerly difputes againft thofe men 
 which they ought to reverence, and thofe laws which they ought to obey ; 
 nicn that laboured and joyed to/peak evil of government'' ^ and then to be the 
 authors of confufion (of confufion as it is confuiion) ; whom company, 
 and converfation, and cuftom had blinded, and made infenfible that thefe 
 were errors ; and at laft became lb reftlefs and fo hardened in their opi- 
 nions, that like thofe who periflied in the gainfaying of Korah, fo thefe died 
 without repenting thefe fpiritual wickedneffes ; of which Coppinger and 
 Hacket% and their adherents, are too lad teftimonies. 
 
 And 
 
 " If we give credit to the hiftorians of thefe times, the picture here exhibited is far from 
 being drawn in too flrong colours. Alas ! the love of domination, and an uninterrupted op- 
 pofition to the meafures of government, have too faithfully charafteriled the manners of tliofe 
 Nonconformifts. From the combination of fuch unamiablc qualities, what other confcquences 
 could be expeded than thofe which adually burft forth witli irrefirtible fury ? What opinion 
 James I. entertained of them, appears from the following extract from the " Bafdicon Dv)- 
 
 ron :" " Take heed therefore, my fon, of fuch puritans, very pefts in the church and 
 
 " commonwealth, whom no deferts can oblige, nor promifes bind ; breathing nothing but fe- 
 " dition and calumnies ; afpiring without meafure, railing without reafon, and making their 
 " own imaginations, without any warrant of the Word, the fquare of their confciences. I 
 " proteft before the great God, and fnice I am here as upon my teftament, it is no place for 
 " me to lie in, that ye fliall never find with any Highland or Borderer thieves greater ingrati- 
 " tude, and more lies and vile perjuries, than with thefe fanatic fpirits." 
 
 William Hacket, illiterate and of the meanefl extradion, from habits of the lowed profli- 
 gacy, and the moft abandoned wickednefs, aflumed the appearance of a faint, pretending to have 
 an inward call, and to be favoured with a fpecial revelation. WitJi him were aflbciated Ed- 
 mund
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 235 
 
 And in thefe times, which tended thus to confufion, there were alfo ma- 
 ny others that pretended to tendernefs of confcience, refufing to fubmit to 
 ceremonies, or to take an oath before a lawful magiftrate : and yet thcfc 
 very men did in their fecret conventicles covenant and fwear to each 
 other, to be afliduous and faithful in uling their befl endeavours to fet 
 up a church government that they had not agreed on. To which end 
 there were many feledt parties that wandered up and down, and were ac- 
 tive in lowing difcontents and fedition, by venomous and fecret murmur- 
 ings, and a difperfion of fcurrilous pamphlets and libels againft the church 
 and ftate ; but efpecially againft the bifliops : by which means, together 
 with very bold, and as indifcreet fermons, the common people became fo 
 fanatic, as St. Peter obferves there were in his time, " fome that wrefted 
 " the Scripture to their own deftrudtion :" So by thefe men, and this means, 
 many came to believe the bilhops to be Antichrift, and the only obftrudtors 
 jof God's difcipline ; and many of them were at laft given over to fuch def- 
 perate delufions, as to find out a text in the " Revelation of St John," that 
 " Antichrift was to be overcome by the fword," which they were very 
 ready to take into their hands. So that thofe very men that began with 
 tender meek petitions proceeded to print public admonitions ; and then to 
 latirical remonftrances ; and at laft (having like David numbered who 
 was not, and who was, for their caufe) they got a fuppofcd certainty of fo 
 great a party, that they durft threaten firft the bifliops, and not long. after 
 both the Queen and Parliament ; to all which they were fecretly encouraged 
 by the Earl of Leiceftcr, then in great favour with her Majcfty, and the re- 
 puted cherifher and patron-general of thefe pretenders to tendernefs ofcon- 
 
 M m 2 fcience, 
 
 mund Coppinger, a perfon of better family, and fome others, who declared thcmfelvcs cliofeii 
 vcfiels, proclaimed war againft the bifliops, and fcruplcd not to menace the fafety of the Queen 
 hevfelf, unlefs flie promoted their fchemes of reform. The madnefs of fanaticifm has no 
 bounds. Hacket was at length announced by his followers (miniftcrs of the Geneva difci- 
 pline) to be " the fuprcme monarch of the world, from wliom all the princes of Europe held 
 " their fceptrcs, to be a greater prophet than Mofes or John IJaptift, even Jefus Chriil, who 
 " was come with his' fan in his hand to judge the world." He was apprehended and con- 
 vided, and, after uttering the moft horrid blafphemies, was hanged by the common execu- 
 tioner. Coppinger ftarved himfelf in prifon. The contagion quickly fprcad on all fides, 
 whilft ccclefiaftical autliority was rudely oppofed, and trampled under foct. fSa Kairut's 
 HiJJcry of England Vol. II. p. 563, and Cartes Ili/l. Vol. Ill p. 637.)
 
 236 THE LIFE OF 
 
 fcience, whom he ufed as a faciilcgious fnare to further his defign ; which 
 was by their means to bring fuch an odium upon the bifliops, as to pro- 
 cure an aUenation of their lands, and a large proportion of them for him- 
 felf : which avaricious deiire had fo blinded his reafon, that his ambitious 
 and greedy hopes had almoft flattered him into prefent pofTelTion of Lam- 
 beih-Houfe. 
 
 And to thefe ftrange and dangerous undertakings the Nonconformills of 
 this nation were much encouraged and heightened by a correfpondence 
 and confederacy with that brotherhood in Scotland ; fo that here they be- 
 came fo bold, that one " told the Queen openly in a fermon, " She was like 
 " an untamed heifer, that would not be ruled by God's people, but ob- 
 " ftruded his difcipline"." And in Scotland they were more confident, for 
 there they declared her an Atheift', and grew to fuch a height as not to be 
 
 account- 
 
 P Mr. Edward Bering, a puritan, the author of a book written in defence of BilTiop Jewel's 
 ••Apology'," againft Harding. He dates this work, April 2, 1568, from Chrift's College, 
 Cambridge, and dedicates it to Thomas "Wotton, his countryman, " a perfon then of great 
 
 *' learning and religion, as well as weahh, in Kent." (Strype's Annals.) He is commended 
 
 as a truly religious man, whofe happy death was fuitable to the purity and integrity of his 
 
 life. (Granger's Bwgr. Hijl- Vol I. p. 215.) " Once preaching before Qiieen Elizabeth, lie 
 
 ** told her, that when in pcrfecution under her fiftcr C)ueen Mary, her motto was ' tanquam 
 " 'ovis,' as a flieep ; but now it might be * tanquam indomita juvenca,' as an untamed heifer. 
 •• But furcly the Queen dill retained much of her ancient motto * as a fheep,' in that flie pa- 
 •• tiently endured fo public (and conceived caufelefs) reproof, in inflitling no puniftiment upon 
 " him, fave commanding him to forbear further preaching at the Court." (Fuller's Church 
 HiJIcry.) 
 
 1 " The bifliops have long deceived and feduced her Majefty and her people." (Martin's 
 Epiflle X. 53-) The Queen was compared to Jeroboam, Ahab, Jehoram, Ahaz, Gideon, Na- 
 dab, Saul, Jehu, Afa, and Jehofaphat, in thofe points whereby they offended God, and flie 
 was threatened by their examples, in that having begun fo well, Qie did not proceed to fet up 
 Chrift's kingdom thoroughly. 
 
 ' The cafe is famous of Mr. David Blake, miniftcr of St. Andrews, who had faid in his fer- 
 mon, " that the King had difcovered the treachery of his heart in admitting the Popifli Lords 
 " into the country : that all kings were the devil's bairns ; that the devil was in the court 
 " and in the guiders of it." And in his prayer for the Queen he ufed thefe words : " We 
 " muft pray for her for fafliion's fake, but we have no caufe, (lie will never do us any good." 
 He faid that " the Queen of England (Queen Elizabeth) was an Atheift ; that the Lords of 
 
 "the
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 237 
 
 accountable for any thing fpoken againft her ; no, nor for trcafon againft 
 their own king, if fpoken in the pulpit ' ; fhewing at Lift fuch a difobe- 
 dience even to him, that his mother being in England, and then in diftrefs 
 and in prifon, and in danger of death, the church denied the king their 
 prayers for her ; and at another time, when he had appointed a day of 
 feafting, their church declared for a general fall:, in oppofition to his autho- 
 rity '. 
 
 To this height they were grown in both nations, and by thefe means 
 there was diftilled into the minds of the common people fuch other veno- 
 mous and turbulent principles, as were inconfiftent with tlie fafety of the 
 church and (late ; and thefe vented fo daringly, that, befide the lofs of life 
 and limbs, the church and ftate were both forced to ufe fuch other feverities 
 as will not admit of an excufe, if it had not been to prevent confufion and 
 the perilous confequences of it ; which, without fuch prevention, would in 
 a fhort time have brought unavoidable ruin and mifery to this numerous 
 nation. 
 
 Thefe 
 
 " the SefTion were mifcreants and bribers ; that the nobility were degenerated, godlefs, 
 ♦' diflemblers, and enemies to the church ; that the council were holliglafles, cormorants, 
 " and men of no religion." ( A fair Warning to take heed of the Scottijh DifcipUiie, \^c. 1649, 
 p. 13, 14. See alfo Spot/wood's Hi/lory of the Church of Scotland, p. /^ZO.) 
 
 • See " Bifliop Spotfwood's Hiftory of the Church of Scotland." p. 422, Sec. 
 
 ' " In the year 1582 Monfieur le Mot, a Knight of the order of the Holy Ghoft, with an 
 aflbciate, were fcnt ambr.iiadors from France into Scotland. The miniflers of Edinburgh ap- 
 proving not his meffage, though merely civil, inveigh in their pulpits bitterly againil him, 
 calling his " white crofs the badge of Antichrift," and himfclf " the ambaiFador of a niur- 
 " dcrer." The King was afliamed, but did not know how to help it. The ambafladors were 
 difcontented, and dcfircd to be gone. The King, willing to prefcrve the ancient amity be- 
 tween the two crowns, and to difmifs the ambafladors with content, requires the magiftrates 
 of Edinburgh to feaft them at their departure : fo they did ; but to hinder this feaft, upon 
 the Sunday preceding, the miniflers proclaim a fall to be kept the fame day the feaft was ap- 
 pointed ; and to detain the people all day at church, the three preachers make tliree fcrmons, 
 one after another without intermlfhon, thundering out curfes againlt the magiftra^cs and no- 
 blemen which waited upon the ambafTadors by the King's appointment. Neither flayed 
 they here, but purfucd the magiflratcs with the ccnfures of the church for not obferving the 
 fafl by tliem proclaimed." (A fair Warning to take heed of the Scott'ijb Difcipline, ^c. p. 25. 
 See alfo Spotf-MooU's Hflory, p. 324-)
 
 238 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Tlicfc errors andauimofnies were fo remarkable, that they begot wonder ia 
 an ingenious Italian, who being about this time come newly into this nation, 
 writ fcolTingly to a friend in his own country, " That the common people 
 " of England were wifer than the wilcft of his nation ; for here the very 
 " women and fliopkeepcrs were able to judge of predeftination, and deter- 
 " mine what laws were fit to be made concerning church-government ; 
 " then, what were fit to be obeyed or aboliflred. That they were more 
 " able (or at leaft thought fo) to raife and determine perplexed cales of 
 " confcience, than the moft learned colleges in Italy. That men of the 
 " flightefl; learning, and the moft ignorant of the common people were mad 
 " for a new, or fuper, or re-reformation of religion ; and that in this they 
 " appeared like that man, who would never ceafe to whet and whet his 
 *' knife, till there was no fteel left to make it ufeful.'' And he concluded 
 his letter with this obfcrvation, " that thofe very men that were moft bufy 
 " in oppofitions, and difputations and controverfics, and finding out the 
 *' faults of their governors, had ufually the Icaft of humility and mcrtifica- 
 " tion, or of the power of godlinefs." 
 
 And to heighten all thefe difcontents and dangers, there was alfo fprung 
 up a generation of godlefs men ; men that had fo long given way to their 
 own lufts and delulions ; and had fo often and fo highly oppofcd the 
 bleffed motions of the blefled fpirit, and the inward light of their owncon- 
 fciences, that they had thereby finned themfelvcs to a belief of what they 
 would, but were not able to believe : into a belief which is repugnant even 
 to huuian nature (for the heathens believe there are many gods) ; but thefe 
 have finned themfelves into a belief, that there is no god ; and fo finding 
 nothing in themfelves, but what is worfe than nothing, began to wiih 
 what thcv were not able to hope for, " that they fhould be like the beafts 
 " that perifh _;" and in wicked company (which is the Atheill's landluary) 
 were fo bold as to lay fo : though the worft of mankind, when he is left 
 alone at midnight, may wilh, but cannot then think it. Into this wretched, 
 this reprobate condition, many had then finned themfelves. 
 
 And now, when the church was peftered with them, and with all thefe 
 other irregularities ; when her lands were in danger of alienation, her power 
 at leaft ncgleded, and her peace torn in pieces by feveral fchifms, and fuch 
 hcrcfics as do ufually attend that fin j when the common people fcemcd 
 
 ambitious
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 
 
 *39 
 
 ambitious of doing thofc very things which were attended with moft dan- 
 gers, that thereby they might be punifhed, and then applauded and pitied; 
 when they called the fpirit of oppofition a tender confcience, and complain- 
 ed of perfecution, becaufe they wanted power to perfecute others; when 
 the giddy multitude raged, and became reftlefs to find out mifery for them- 
 felves and others ; and the rabble would herd themfelves together, 
 and endeavour to govern and a£t in fpite of authority. In this ex- 
 tremity, fear, and danger of the church and ftate, when tofupprels 
 the growing evils of both, they needed a man of prudence and piety, and 
 of a high and fearlefs fortitude, they were blefled in all by John Whitgift 
 his being made Archbifhop of Canterbury ; of whom ingenious Sir Henry 
 Wotton (that knew him well) hath left this true chara<5lcr" ; " That 
 *'1ie was a man of a reverend and facred memory, and of the primitive tem- 
 " per ; a man of fuch a temper, as when the church by lowlinefs of fpirit 
 " did fiourilh in higheft examples of virtue." 
 
 And though I dare not undertake to add to his charaifler, yet I fhall nei- 
 ther do right to this difcourfe, nor to my reader, if I forbear to give him a 
 further and fhort account of the life and manners of this excellent man ; 
 and it ihall be iTiort, for I long to end this digrcflion, that I may lead my 
 reader back to Mr. Hooker, where we left him at the Temple \ 
 
 John Whitgift was born in the county of Lincoln, of a family" that was 
 ancient and noted to be prudent and affable, and gentle by nature. He 
 
 was 
 
 " See ' Reliquix W ottonanix/'page 172. 
 
 * Ifaac Walton's epitome of the life of Dr. Whitgift, is truly excellent. 
 
 ■" a hand or eye 
 
 " By Hilyard drawne, is worth a hirtory 
 
 " By a worfe painter made." Dr. Don.ne. 
 
 ' WTiitgift was defcended from an ancient family in Yorkfliire, refident at Whitgift, 3 town 
 in the Well-riding of that county. He was educated under a paternal uncle, Robert Whit- 
 gift, abbot of a monallery in Lincolnlhlre, from whom he often heard the following prophe- 
 tic declaration : " That they and their religion coald not long continue ; becaufe," faid he, 
 •' I have read the whole Scripture over and over, and could never find therein that our religion 
 •• was founded by God :" And to fupport his opinion the abbot would allege that faying 
 of our Saviour, " Every plant which my heavenly Father liath not planted ihall be rooted 
 "out." A/a«. XV. 13.
 
 240 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 was ediKated in Cambridge 2 ; much of his learning was acquired in Pem- 
 broke-Hall, where Mr. Bradford" the martyr was his tutor: from thence 
 he was removed to Peter-Houfe"; from thence to be Mailer of Pembroke- 
 Hall ; and from thence to the Mafterfhip of Tiinity College. About which 
 time the Queen made him her Chaplain, and not long after Prebendary 
 cf Ely, and then Dean of Lincoln ; and having for many years pall looked 
 upon him with much reverence and fcivour, gave him a fair teftimony of 
 both, by giving him the Bifliopric of Worcefter, and (v>fhich was not an 
 ufual favour) forgiving him his firft-fruits ; then by conftituting him Vice- 
 prefidcnt of the principality of Wales. And having for I'everal years expe- 
 rimented his wifdom, his juftice, and moderation in the manage of her af- 
 fairs in both thefe places, flie, in the twenty- fixth of her reign, made him 
 Archbifliop of Canterbury, and not long after, of her Privy Council ; and 
 trufted him to manage all her ecclefiaftical affairs and preferments. In all 
 which removes, he was like the ark, which left a bielfing upon the place 
 where it reftcd; and, in all his employments, was like Jehoiada that did good 
 imto Ifrael. 
 
 Thefe were the fteps of this bifhop's afcenfion to thi? place of dignity 
 and cares ; in which place (to fpeak Mr. -Camden's very words, in his 
 *' Annals,") " he devoutly confecrated both his whole life to God, and 
 
 "his 
 
 ^ He was firft admitted of Qu^een's College. He afterward removed to Pcmbroke-Hall, 
 the Maftcrof that College at that time being Bilhop Ridley. 
 
 * As holy a man as any who lived in his time and learned alfo." Of him fee " Fox's Book 
 '• of Martyrs," and " Fuller's Abel redivivus," p. 179. 
 
 *■ Dr. "Whitgift was the great rcflorer of order and difcipline in the univerfity. In 1562 
 he was appointed Lady Margaret's Profeflbr of Divinity, the falary of the profelTorfliip being, 
 ^ on account of his extraordinary merit, augmented from twenty marks to twenty pounds. He 
 did not continue Mafler of Pembroke-Hall above three months, being appointed Mailer of 
 Trinity College, July 4, 1 567, on the death of Dr. Beaumont. To this good prelate has been 
 applied what was faid of the Roman Fabius : 
 
 •' Unus homo nobis cundlando reftituit rem : 
 " Ergo poftqj magifque viri nunc gloria claret." 
 
 TuUer tells us, that Whitgift's finger moved more in churcli matters, than the hands of all the 
 privy counfellors befidcs. {Ch, Hiji. B. X. p. 21S.)
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 241 
 
 " his painful labours to the good of his church." And yet in this place he met 
 with many oppofitions in the regulation of church affairs, which were much 
 difordered at his entrance, by reafon of the age and remiflheis' of BifhopGrin- 
 dal (his immediate predeceffor), the aftivity of the Non-conformifts, and 
 their chief alfiftant the Earl of Leicefter ; and indeed by too many others of 
 the like facrilegious principles. With thefe he was to encounter ; and tho' 
 he wanted neither courage nor a good caufe, yet he forefaw, that without 
 a great mcafure of the Queen's favour, it was impofTible to ftand in the 
 breach that was made into the lands and immunities of the church, or to 
 maintain the remaining rights of it. And therefore by juftihable facred 
 infmuations, fuch as St. Paul to Agrippa (" Agrippa, believeftthou? I know 
 thou believeft"), he wrought himfelf into fo great a degree of favour with 
 her, as, by his pious ufe of it, hath got both of them a greater degree of 
 fame in this world, and of glory in that into which they are now entered. 
 
 His merits to the Queen, and her favours to him were fuch, that flie 
 called him her little black hii/band\ and called his fervants her fcrvatits; 
 and fhe faw fo vifible and bleffed a fmcerity fliine in all his cares and endea- 
 
 N n vours 
 
 ' Rather, according to Strype, " By reafon of his fufpenfion or feqiieftration vhich he lay 
 " under (together with the Queen's difpleafure) for fomo years when the ccclefiaftical affairs 
 " were managed by certain CiviUans." During the latter part of his life Archbifliop Grindal 
 was confined to his houfe, and fcqucftcrcd for a non-compliance with the dire£lions of the 
 Queen, when flie ordered him to forbid the exercifes and prophecies which were then much 
 praclifed by the Puritans. He became totally blind in 1582. The refignation of his arch- 
 bilhopric being frequently urged by her Majefty was delayed from time to time, until broken 
 
 down with infirmity he died July 6, 1583, aged 63 years. Though he has been blamed 
 
 for holding the reins too loofe in refpedl to the Puritans, and for his flacknefs in the govern- 
 ment of the affairs of the church, yet this has been coufidered as too fevere a charge. HoUingf- 
 head fays of him, " That he was fo (ludious, that his book was his bride, and his ftudy his 
 " bride-chamber, wherein he fpent both his eye-fight, his (Irength, and his health." — In facfl, 
 he was a perfon of mild manners, and of fingular moderation, and very unwilling to have re- 
 courfe to extremities. Hence the Puritans claimed him as their own, though in reality no 
 one was ever more fincerely attached to tlie Church of England. 
 
 "^ Whitgift's name gave occafion to the Q£een to make a defcanc upon him, expreffive of 
 her regard, calling him " her White Gift." Mr. Hugh Broughton ftyled him " Archbifliop 
 
 " Lucodorej" and with the fame allufion the following lines were written : 
 
 " Quod p:ici, Whitgifte, faves (ludiifq; boiiorum, 
 " Det tibi pacis amans canJlda Joiia Deus," 
 
 And
 
 242 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 vours for the church's and for her good, that fhe was fuppofcd to truft him 
 with the very lecrets of her foul, and to make him her confeflbr, of wliich fhe 
 gave many fair teflimonies, and of which one was, " That flie would never 
 " eat flefh" in Lent, without obtaining a licenfe from her little black huf- 
 " band :" And would often fay, " fhe pitied him becaufe (he trufted him, and 
 " had eafed herfelf by laying the burthen of all her clergy-cares upon his 
 *' fhouldcrs, which, flie was certain, ho managed with prudence and piety." 
 I fhall not keep myfelf within the promifed rules of brevity in this 
 account of his intereft with her Majefty, and her care of the church's 
 rights, if in this digreflion I fliould enlarge to particulars; and therefore my 
 defire is, that one example may ferve for a teftimony of both. And that 
 the reader may the better undcrftand it, he may take notice, that not many 
 years before his being made archbifhop, there pafled an aiSt' or a«Sts of Par- 
 liament, intending the better prefervation of church-lands, by recalling a 
 power which was veftcd in others to fell or leafe them, by lodging and truft- 
 ing the future care and protedlion of them only in the crown ; and amongft 
 many that made a bad ufe of this power or truft of the Queen's, the Ead 
 of Leicefter* was one; and the good bifliop having by his intereft with her- 
 Majefty put a ftop to the Earl's facrilcgious defigns, they two fell to an 
 open oppofition before her; after which they both quiued the room, not 
 friends in appearance. But the bifliop made a fudden and feafonable re- 
 turn to her Majefty (for he found her alone), and fpake to her with great 
 
 humility and reverence, and to this purpofe": 
 
 "Ibefcech: 
 
 And a fcholar at Oxford compofed this epitaph upon him : 
 
 " Candida dona tibi, Whitegyfte, fiint nomen et omen. 
 " Nomen babes niveis nunc inlciiptuni ergo lapiliis, 
 " Et ftcla pro meritis redditur alba tuis." 
 
 « Licenfes were granted at that time by the Archbifhops of Canterbury for a man to eat 
 flefh and wliite meats, even during his whole life ; but with this provifo, " he do it foberry 
 *• and frugally, cautioufly, and avoiding public fcandal as much as might be." 
 
 ^ I Eliz. cap. 19. 
 
 K This nobleman profcffed a great defire of unity in the church, and yet was an earneft pa- 
 tron of Cartwright and others of the Puritan ftrain. He preferred Cartwright to the mallcr- 
 fliip of his hofpital, founded by him at Warwick. fStrype.J 
 
 * This animated fpeech was delivered before the Queen in 1578, when Whitgift was 
 Bifliop of Worcefter.
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 243 
 
 " I befeech your Majefty to hear me with patience, and to believe that 
 " your's and the church's iafety are dearer to me than my Ufe, but my con- 
 " fcience dearer than both; and therefore give me leave to do my duty, 
 *' and tell you, that princes are deputed nurfmg fathers of the church, and 
 " owe it a protection; and therefore God forbid that you fhould be fo 
 *' much as paflive in her ruin, when you may prevent it; or that 1 fliould 
 " behold it without horror and deteltation; or fhould forbear to tell your 
 *' Majefty of the fm and danger. And though you and myfelf are born in 
 *' an age of frailties, when the primitive piety and care of the church's 
 " lands and immunities are much decayed; yet. Madam, let me beg that 
 " you will but hrft confider, and then you will believe there are fuch fins 
 *' as profanenefs and facrilege : for if there were not, they could not have 
 *' names in holy writ ; and particularly in the New Teftament. And I 
 *' befeech you to confider, that though our Saviour faid, ' He judged no 
 *' ' man;' and to teftify it, would not judge nor divide the inheritance be- 
 " twixt the two brethren, nor would judge the woman taken in adultery, 
 *' yet in this point of the church's rights, he was fo zealous, that he made 
 *' himfelf both the accufer and the judge, and the executioner to punifli 
 " thefe fins ; witnefled, in that he himfelf made the whip to drive the pro- 
 " faners out of the temple, overthrew the tables of the money-changers, 
 " and drove them out of it. And confider, that it was St. Paul that faid 
 " to thofe Chriftians of his time that \yere offended with idolatry, yet, 
 ^* ' Thou that abhorreft idols, dofl thou commit facrilege ?' fuppofing, 1 
 *' think, facrilege to be the greater fin. This may occafion your Majefty 
 " to confider, that there is fuch a fm as facrilege; and to incline you to 
 " prevent the curfe that will follow it: I befeech you alfo to confider, that 
 *' Conftantine' the firft Chriftian Emperor, and Helena'' his mother; that 
 *' King Edgar', and Edward the ConfefFor™, and indeed many others of 
 
 N n 2 " your 
 
 ' See « Ant. Univerf. Hiaory," Vol. XV. p. 564, 569. " Hooker's Works," Vol. III. p. 
 248, Oxford edit. 1793. 
 
 "^ " Ant. Univerf. Hift." Vol. II. p. 406. 
 
 ' See " Collier's Ecclefiaftical Hiftory,"Vol. I. p. 185. 
 
 "" Ibid. Vol. I. p. 227, 229.
 
 ■244 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " your predeccflbrs, and many private Chriftians, have alfo given to God 
 " and to his church much land, and many immunities, which they might 
 " have given to thofe of their own famihes, and did not, but gave them as 
 " an abfolute right and facrilice to God: And with thefe immunities and 
 " lands they have entailed a curfe upon the alienators of them ; God pre- 
 " vent your Majefty from being liable to that curfe. 
 
 " And to make you that are trufted with their prefervation the better to 
 *' underftand the danger of it, I befeech you, forget not that, befides thefc 
 " curfes, the church's land and power have been alfo endeavoured to be 
 " preferved, as far as human reafon, and the law of this nation, have been 
 " able to preferve them, by an immediate and moft facred obligation on the 
 *' confciences of the princes of this realm. For they that confult Magna 
 " Charta fhall find, that as all your predeccflbrs were at their coroTiation, 
 " fo you alfo were fworn before all the nobility and bifhops then prefent, 
 " and in the prefence of God, and in his (lead to him that anointed you, 
 " to maintain the church lands ^ aud the rights belonging to it" ; and this tefti- 
 " fied openly at the holy altar, by laying your hands on the Bible then 
 " lying upon it. And not only Magna Charta, but many modern ftatutes 
 *' have denounced a curfe upon thofe that break Magna Charta. And now 
 *' what account can be given for the breach of this oath at the lalt great 
 " day, either by your Majefty or by me, if it be wilfully or but negligently 
 " violated, I know not. 
 
 " And therefore, good Madam, let not the late lord's exceptions againft* 
 " the failings of fome few clergymen prevail with you to punifh pollerity 
 *' for the errors of this prefent age ; let particular men fuffer for their par- 
 *' ticular errors, but let God and his church have their right: And though I 
 " pretend not to prophefy, yet I beg pofterity to take notice of what is 
 " already become vifible in many families ; That church-land, added to an. 
 " ancient inheritance, hath proved like a moth fretting a garment, and 
 " fecretly confumed both : or like the eagle that ftole a coal from the altar, 
 " and thereby fet her neft on fire, which confumed both her young eagles, 
 
 " and 
 
 » The firft Article of Magna Charta is " Que les Eglifes de Engleterrc fcroiit franchcs et- 
 " aient les dreitures franches, et enterhies, et pleniercs."
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 
 
 245 
 
 " and herfelf that ftole it". And, though I ihall forbear to fpeak rcproach- 
 " fully of your father, yet I beg you to take notice, that a part of the 
 " church's rights, added to the vaft treafure left him by his father, hath 
 " been conceived to bring an unavoidable confumption upon both, not- 
 " withftanding all his diligence to preferve it. 
 
 " And confider, that after the violation of thofe laws, to which he had 
 " fworn in Magna Charta, God did fo far deny him his reftraining grace, 
 " that he fell into greater fins than I am willing to mention. Madam, 
 " religion is the foundation and cement of human focieties ; and when 
 " they that ferve at God's altar (hall be cxpofed to poverty, then religion 
 *' itfelf will be expofed to fcorn, and become contemptible ; as you may 
 
 " already 
 
 " This beautiful apologue is taken with fome alterations from " JElop's Fable of the Fox 
 and the Eagle." — Appofite to this paflage are the remarks in a very fcarce and curious tradt, 
 •written by Mr. Ephraim Udall, and entitled " Noli nie tangere," London, 1642. " And it is 
 " a thing to be thought on, that many antient families (as fome intelligent men have oblerved) 
 '' who inherited the lands of their anceftors, loiigaferi dediicld a majoribus; when they took in 
 " fome of the fpoiles made in tithes,and glebe by the flatute of diflblution, their pofleffions 
 " quickly fpucd out the old poiFeflbrs of them as a loathfome thing, the bread of God 
 " proving as the bread of deceit, gravell in their teeth; and the portion of God's mini- 
 " flers becoming like antimony or fome fuch poyfon, that dranke into the ftoniacke pro- 
 " vokes fuch a nauceous abhorrence in it, that it never refts till it hath emptied itfelf both of 
 " the poyfon that troubles it, and of whatfoever clfe before lay quietly and inoffcnfively 
 ♦♦ tlierein. I could therefore wifti that all our gentry would preferve their inheritances with- 
 " out ruin to their pofterity, would beware they bring not any fpoiles of the church into 
 ♦* their houfcs, left they be fpoyled by them : for they are like the eagle's feathers by which 
 " the ^Egyptians in their hieroglyphicks Cignidc 'per/iitiofa pote/iiia ; for they are faid to con- 
 " fume all feathers among which they are mingled, as Pierius relateth of them. And topre- 
 " ferve them from this fin, that they would have a tablet haug up akuaies in the diniiig-roonie 
 " luhcre they ordinarily take their repajl , in ivhich Jliotild be draivne an altar ivith Jlejl) and Jire en 
 " it for facrifce, -with an eagle ready to take wing, having in her talons a piece of JleJ}} nuith a btirn- 
 " ing coale at it, and fomcthing bcftde it, and higher than the altar a tall tree with an eagles nefl in it, 
 " and the heads of her young ones dif covered above the ne/l, and the nefl flaming with a light f re about 
 " them, with this infcription over the altar, noli me tangere ne te et tuos perdam. For 
 " things belonging to the altar will certainly prove a fuare to devourers of them." — (Page 32). 
 This fubjeft is fully difcufled in Dr- South's twelve fermons, printed in 1692, p. 339, 345 ; 
 and by Sir Henry Spelman, in " The Hiftory and Fate of Sacrilege, difcovered by Examples 
 of Scripture, of Hcalliens, and of Chriftinns, from tlic Beginning of tlie World, continually 
 tfl this Day."
 
 246 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " already obferve in too many poor vicarages in this nation. And there- 
 *' fore, as you are by a late adt or adls entrufted with a great power to 
 " preferve or wafte the church's lands; yet difpofe of them for Jclus' lake 
 " as the donors intended: Let neither falfehood nor flattery beguile you to 
 " do otherwife, and put a Hop, I befeech you, to the approaching ruins of 
 *' God's church, as you expedt comfort at the laft great day; for kings 
 " muft be judged. Pardon this affedtionate plainnefs, my moft dear So- 
 " vereign, and let me beg to be Hill continu4:d in your favour, and the 
 " Lord Hill continue you in his.'' 
 
 The Queen's patient hearing this afFedlionate fpeech, her future care to 
 preferve the church's rights, which till then had been neglcdled, may appear 
 a fair teftimony, that he made her's and the church's good, the chiefed at his 
 cares, and that fhe alfo thought fo. And of this, there were fuch daily telli- 
 monies given, as begot betwixt them fo mutual a joy and confidence, that 
 they feemed born to believe and do good to each other; fhe not doubting his 
 piety to be more than all his oppofers, v/hich were many, and thofe power- 
 ful too ; nor his prudence equal to the chiefeft of her council, who were 
 then as remarkable for adiive wifdom, as thofe dangerous times did require, 
 or this nation did ever enjoy. And in this condition he continued twenty 
 3-ears, in which time he faw fome flowings, but many more ebbings of her 
 favour toward all men that oppofed him, efpecially the Earl of Leicefter : 
 fo that God feemed ftill to keep him in her favour, that he might pre- 
 ferve the remaining church lands and immunities from facrilegious aliena- 
 tions. And this good man dcferved all the honour and power with which 
 fhe trufted him ; for he was a pious man, and naturally of noble and grate- 
 ful principles : He eafed her of all her church-cares by his wife manage of 
 them'' ; he gave her faithful and prudent counfels in all the extremities and 
 dangers of her temporal affairs, which were very many ; he lived to be the 
 chief comfort of her life in her declining age ; to be then moft frequently 
 with her, and her afTiftant at her private devotions ; to be the greatell com- 
 fort of her foul upon her death-bed ; to be prefent at the expiration of her 
 
 laft 
 
 P Mr. Hooker gave this charafter of Whitgift. " He always governed with that modera- 
 tion, which ufeth by patience to fupprefs boldnefs, and to make them conquer that fuffer; 
 " which I think well fuitcd with his poefy or motto, VINCIT qui patitur." (Sir G. Patd'f 
 Life of Whitgift, p. 25.)
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 247 
 
 lafl: breath, and to behold the clofing of thofe eyes that had long looked- 
 upon him with reverence and affe(5tion. And let this alfo be added, that 
 he was her chief mourner at her fad funeral; nor let this be forgotten, that 
 within a few hours after her death, he was the happy proclaimer, that King 
 James (her peaceful fucceflbr) was heir to the crown. 
 
 Let me beg of my reader, that he allow me to fay a little, and but a little 
 more of this good bifhop, and I fliall then prefently lead him back to Mr. 
 Hooker ; and, becaufe I would haften, I will mention but one part of the bi- 
 fhop's charity and humility ; but this of both. He built a large alms-houfe 
 near to his own palace at Croyden in Surry, and endowed it with mainte- 
 nance for a mafter and twenty-eight poor men and women ; which he vi- 
 fited fo often, that he knew their names and difpofitions, and was fo truly 
 humbled, that he called them brothers and fifters : And whenever the Qiieen 
 defccnded to that lowlinefs to dine with him at his palace in Lambeth" 
 (which was very often), he would ufually the next day fhew the like low- 
 linefs to his poor brothers and fifters at Croyden', and dine with them at 
 his hofpital ; a.t which time you may believe there was joy at the table. 
 
 And at this place he built alfo a fair free-fchool, with a good accommoda- 
 tion and maintenance for the mafter and fcholars; which gave juli: occafion 
 for Boyfe Sifi, then ambaflador for the French King, and refident here, at tha 
 biftiop's death, to fay, " The biftiop had publifhed many learned books, but 
 " a free-fchool to train up youth, and an hofpital to lodge and maintain aged 
 " and poor people, were the beft evidences of Chriftian learning that a bi- 
 " ihop could leave to pofterity'." This good bifhop lived to fee King 
 
 James 
 
 " Archbifiiop Grindal fell fo foon under the difpleafure of Queen Elizabeth, the very year 
 after his tranflation from York to Canterbury, that it is probable flie never honoured him with 
 any vifit at Croyden. (FrogreJJes of ^leen Elizabeth, Vol. I. p. 65.) 
 
 Sir George Paul informs us, that Archbiiliop Whitgift entertained the Queen every year at 
 one of his houfes, fo long as he was archbidiop, and fome years twice or thrice ; where all 
 tilings were performed in fo feemly an order, that flie went thence always exceedingly well 
 ploafed : And befides many public ami gracious favours done unto him, flie would falute him 
 and bid him farewel by the name of blach hujbtvid, calling alfo his men her fervants, as a token 
 of her good contentment with their attendance and pains. (Life of Whitgift, p. 103.) 
 
 ' The Archbifliop's moll noble foundation of his hofpital, free-fchool, and chapel at Croyden, 
 was fmiflied in 1594. 
 
 « " Profedo hofpitale ad fublevandam paupertatem et fchola ad inftruendam juventutera 
 >' funt optimi libri, quos archicpifcopus confcribere potuit." (Paul's Life of Whitgift y p.wi^'S
 
 2 48 THE LIFE OF 
 
 James fettled in peace, and then fell fick at Lambeth'; of which the King 
 having notice, went to vifit him, and fovnid him in his bed in a declining 
 condition, and very weak ; and after fome Ihort difcourfe, the King allured 
 him, " He had a great affedlion for him, and high value for his prudence 
 " and virtues, which were fo ufeful for the church, that he would earneftly 
 " beg his life of God." To which he replied, " Pro ccclefia Dei; pro ec- 
 " clefia Dei":" which were the laft words he ever fpakc; thei^ein teftifying, 
 that as in his life, fo at his death, his chiefcft care was of God's church. 
 
 This John Whitgift was made archbifliop in the year 1583. In which 
 bufy place he continued twenty years and fome months ; and in which time 
 
 you 
 
 ■' He was at court ihe firft Sunday in Lent, when, Joeing feizcd with a paralytic ftroke that 
 deprived him of his fpcech, he was firft carried to the Lord Treafurer's chamber, and then 
 conveyed to Lambeth. " On Tuefday," fays Strype, " he had the honour of a vifit from the 
 " King, who, out of a fenfe of the great need he fliouki have of him at this particular juncture 
 " (now he had laid fuch a fcheme for reformation), told him he would pray to God for his 
 *' life, and if he could obtain it, he fliould think it one of the greateft temporal bleflings that 
 *' could be given him in his kingdom." 
 
 " "Thus died this great prelate, full of years, and full of honour, a£luated to the laft moment 
 -of his life with that zeal which animated the illuftrious Father Paul, when upon his death- 
 bed, to breathe out his laft prayer for the fafety of his country, in thefe memorable words, 
 " Efto perpetua." Yet it has been aiTirmed, that this diftinguifhed ornament of the Reforma- 
 tion exerted himfelf againft the Puritans with fo utifeeliug a hand, and fo far hcyornl his legal 
 poiver, that upon the Queen's demife he began to be terribly frighted at the approach of King 
 James's firft Parliament, and // is probable enough his apprehenfioits hajlened his death." (Preface 
 
 to thtfirjl Edition of the Ccifejponals.) Let it be remembered that he was 73 years of age at 
 
 the time of his demife, fo that it may not be thought quite fo probable that he died of a fright. 
 His laft words, as related by Strype, certainly counten.jnce a dilTerent opinion, " Et nunc, 
 " Domine, exaltata eft anima mea, quod in eo tempore fuccubui, quando mallem cpifco- 
 *' patus mei reddere rationem quam inter homines exercere." My foul is lifted up, that I 
 " die in a time wherein I had rather give up to God an account of my biftiopric than any longer 
 " to exercife it among men." To him we may furely apply what was faid of Auguitine: " O 
 " virum ad totius ecclefise publicam utilitatem natum, faftum, datumqj'divinitus." Whitgift 
 " ftrove," fays Wilfon, in his ' Hiftory of the Life and Reign of James \.' •• to prevail over 
 " the Puritans with fiueetnefs and genilenefs; and died in David's fulnefs of days, leaving a 
 
 " name, like a fweet perfume, behind him." ** He was a man born for the benefit of his 
 
 '• country and good of his church, wherein he ruled v/ith fuch moderation, as he continued 
 " in his prince's favour all his life, fupprcfiing fuch new fects as in his time began to rife, 
 "■ as by his learned work written by him againft fuch fcliifms does appear." (Stow.)
 
 RICARD HOOKER. 249 
 
 you may believe, he had many trials of his courage and patience ; but his motto 
 was, " Vincit, qui patitur ;" i. e. " He conquers that endures." And he 
 made it good Many of his many trials were occafioned by the then power- 
 ful Earl of Leicefter, who did ftill (but fecretly) raife and chcrifh a faftion of 
 Nonconformifts to oppofe him; efpecially one Thomas Cartwright, a man 
 of noted learning ; ibme time contemporary with the bifliop in Cam- 
 bridge, and of the fame college '% of which Dr. Whitgift, before he was 
 biihop, was Mafter: in which place there began fome emulations (the parti- 
 culars I forbear), and at laft open and high oppofitions betwixt them; 
 and in which you may believe Mr. Cartwright was moft faulty, if his expul- 
 fion out of the univerfity can incline you to it. 
 
 And in this difcontent, long before the earl's death (which was 1588) 
 Mr. Cartwright appeared a chief cherifher of the party that were for the 
 Geneva church-government ; and to efFeift it, he ran himfelf into many 
 Gangers both of liberty and life ; appearing to juftify himfelf and his party 
 in many remonftrances ; (efpecially that called the " Admonition to the 
 
 O o " Parlia- 
 
 * Cartwright was excluded from his fellowfliip of Trinity College for breaking a (latutc of 
 that college, in not taking holy orders upon him in due time. (Strype's Whitgift, p. 47.) 
 He was Lady Margaret's Profeflbr in Divinity in 1569. This dignity he enjoyed a fhort time, 
 being fufpended for maintaining dangerous tenets concerning the government and difcipline 
 of the Church. He was highly eftcemed among the Prefbyterians, having^ received an invita- 
 tion to be Divinity Profeflbr, along with Mr. Travers, in the Univerfity of St. Andrew's in 
 Scotland. A fi^nal proof of his oppofition to the cuftoms and ufiiges ellabliflied in the church 
 
 is given by Sir George Paul, in his "Life of Whitgift," p. 11. " Upon a Sunday Dr. 
 
 " Whitgift, the Mafler of Trinity College, being from home, Mr. Cartwright, with fome of 
 " his adherents, made three fermons in tliat one day, wherein they fo vehemently inveigiied, 
 " amongll other ceremonies of our church, againfl; the furplice, as thofe of Trinity College 
 " were fo moved herewith, that at evening prayer they call oft' their furplices, thougli uguuilt 
 " the ftatutcs of the houfe, and were all placed in the chapel vvithout furplice, three only ex- 
 " cepted. By reafon of which itirs, both that private college was greatly diftratled, and the 
 
 " v/liole univerfity much perplexed and troubled." Of the controverfy between Arciibi- 
 
 fliop Whitgift and Mr. Cartwright, the latter of whom objecled to the liturgy and to th.e form 
 and manner of cathedral fervice, and particularly " to the toffing the Pfalms from one fide to 
 " the other, like te.mis balls ;" for thus he denominates tlie pradtice of chontl and antipiional 
 fmging. (See Sir John Hawkins's HiJIory of iMiifu; Vol. III. p. 491, 492.) 
 
 When t4ie Nonconformifts were undetermined which of llie."n fliould undertake to aiifwer 
 ''■ V/hitgift's Reply," Mr. Cartwright was chofcn for that employment by lot.
 
 250 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " Parliament) which lafl he caufed to be printed ; to which the dodor 
 made an anfwer, and Cartwright replied upon him ; and then the dodlor 
 having rejoined to his reply (however Mr. Cartwright would not be fa- 
 tislied),he wrote no more, but left the reader to be judge which had main- 
 tained their caufe with mod charity and reafon. 
 
 After fome years thedodor being preferred to the fee, firfl; of Worcefter, 
 and then of Canterbury, Mr. Cartwright, after his ihare of trouble and im- 
 prifonment (for fetting up new presbyteries in divers places againft the efta- 
 bliflied order), having received from the archbifhop many perfonal favours, 
 retired himfelf to a more private living, which was at Warwick, where he 
 became mafter of an hofpital, and lived quietly and grew rich ; and where 
 the archbifhop gave him a licenfe to preach", upon promife not to meddle 
 with controveriies, but incline his hearers to piety and moderation : and 
 this promife he kept during his life, which ended i6o2, the archbifliop fur- 
 viving him but one year, each ending his days in perfedl charity with the 
 other" , 
 
 And- 
 
 " According to Strype, it is not fo certain that the archbifliop did grant toCartwright a li- 
 cenfe to preach. At leaft it appears that in 1585 he refufed to give it. " I am content and 
 " ready to be at peace with him, fo long as he liveth peaceably ; yet doth my confcience and' 
 " duty forbid me to give unto him any further public approbation, until I be better perfuaded 
 " of his conformity." (Letter ofWh'itgift to the Earl of Lelccjler, July 17, 1585.) 
 
 1 And thus fliould all controverfies end, or rather, if there mufl be controverfies, thus fhould 
 tliey commence, and be conduded with mutual charity and mutual forbearance. If truth and 
 not vidory be the objecl: of purfuit, why fliould the topic of debate be canvafled with animofity 
 or perfonal invedive ? Thomas Cartwright, the archbifliop's old antagonifl, was alive in 1601,, 
 and grew rich at his hofpital at Warwick, preaching at the chapel there, faith my author, very 
 temperately according to the promife made by him to the archbifliop. Which mildnefs of 
 his fome afcribcd to his old age and more experience. But the latter end of next year he de- 
 ceafed, out-lived little above two months by the Archbifliop, who yet was much his elder 
 in years. And now at the end of Cariwright's life to take our leave of him with a fairer cha-- 
 ra£ler, it is remarkable what a noble and learned man (Sir H. Yelverton) writes of fome 
 
 of his lafl; words : " That he firioujly lamented the unnecejjary troubles he had caufed in the 
 
 " Church, hy the fchifm he had been the great fomenter of, and -lui/hed to begin his life again, that he 
 " might tejlify to the world the diflike he had of his former ivays :" and in this opinion he 
 died. (Stripe's Life of Whitgift, ^.554-)
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 251 
 
 And now after this long digreflion, made for the information of my 
 reader concerning what follows, I bring him back to veneraMc Mr. Hooker, 
 where we left him in the Temple, and where we fhall find him as deeply- 
 engaged in a controverfy with Walter Travcrs*, a friend and favourite of 
 Mr. Cartwright's, as Dr. Whitglft had ever been with Mr. Cartwright him- 
 felf; and of which, I {hall proceed to give this following account. 
 
 And firft this, that though the pens of Mr. Cartwright and Dr. Whitgift 
 ■were now at reft, and had been a great while, yet there was fprung up a 
 new generation of reftlefs men, that by company and clamours became pof- 
 fefTed of a faith which they ought to have kept to themfelves, but could not ; 
 men that were become pofitive in affcrting, " that a Papift cannot be faved ;" 
 infomuch, that about this time, at the execution of the Queen of Scots, the 
 bifhop that preached her funeral fermon (which was Dr. Rowland, then 
 Bifliop of Peterborough") was reviled for not being pofitive for her damna- 
 
 O o 2 tion 
 
 ^ Walter Travers, formerly Fellow of Trinity College Cambridge, was called by Fuller, 
 *' the Neck," as Cartwright was termed by him " the Head, of the Prefbyterian party." 
 They were intimate friends and joint preachers to the Englifli Factory at Antwerp. When Tra- 
 vers came into England, he was appointed chaplain to Lord Burghley, through whofo influ- 
 ence he was made Lefturer at the Temple. He is the fuppnfed author of the book " De Dif- 
 " ciplina Ecclefiaftica," written in Latin againft the government of the Church of England, 
 and containing the ground and model of the Puritan difcipline. Archbifliop Whitgift, in 
 a letter to the Queen, to M'hom Travers was recommended as a proper perfon to be 
 -chofen Mafter of the Temple, on the death of Father Alvy, defcribes him as " one of the 
 " chief and principal authors of diflcnfimi in the church, a contemner of the book of prayers 
 •' and other orders by authority eftablilhed ; an earnefl: feeker of innovation ; and either in no 
 •' degree of the miniflry at all, or elfe ordered beyond the feas not according to the form in 
 " this Church of England ufed." Mr. Travers was ordained at Antwerp, May, 8, 1578, by 
 Cartwright, Viilers, and others, the heads of a congregation there. 
 
 » Dr. Richard Howland, Mafter of St. John's College in Cambridge, and the fourth Blfliop 
 of Peterborough, died in 1600. It does not appear that he was the preacher on this oc- 
 cafion. 
 
 Gunton, in his " Hiftory of the Church of Peterborough," page 73, &c. has given a circum- 
 flantial account of the funeral of Mary Queen of Scots, on Tuefday Auguft i, 1587, fix 
 months after her death, for flie was beheaded in the caftle of Fotheringay, February 8, in that 
 year. He relates that the BiOiop of Lincoln <Wickham) preached out of the 39th Pfalm, 5, 6, 
 7. Lord, let me know if:y end and ike number cf my days, i^c. In the prayer, when he gave thanks 
 for fuch as were tranflatcd out of this vale of mifery, he ufed thefe words \—Let us give thanks 
 
 fcr
 
 252 THE LIFE OF 
 
 tlon. And befides this boldnefs of their becomhig gods, fo far as to {i:t \{~ 
 mits to his mercies, there was not only " Martin Mar-prelate''," but other 
 
 venomous 
 
 far the hnppy dijjoliitlon of the high and mighty Princefs Alary , late ^lecn of Scotland and Dowager 
 of France, of ivhofe life and death at this time I have not much to fay, hecaufe 1 was not acquainted 
 •with the one, neither was I prefent at the other. I will net enter into judgment further ; but, hecaufe 
 it hath beenfignifed to me thatfn trifled to befaved by the blood of Chrifl, we mufl hope well of her 
 
 falvation : " For" as Father Luther was wont to fay, " many one that liveth a Papifl, dielh a Pror 
 
 ieflantJ" In the difcourfe of his text, he only dealt with general do£i:rine of the vanity of all flefli. 
 
 In the Supplement fubjoined to " Gunton"sHiltory,"page 331, the fubje*^; of the fermon is 
 
 rcfiimed " Jiiihop Morton, in his • Protcftant Appeal,' 1. IV. c. i. hath given the bed: 
 
 " account I meet with of that paflage (whicii in the ' Apology of the Roman Church' is 
 " taken out of < ISIartin Mar-Prelate') in the Bifhop of Lincoln's Sermon st her (the Queen of 
 " Scots) funeral, which made fo great sroifc among faclious people, who reported that Z'^ 
 *' prayed his foul and the fouls of all there prefent might be with the foul of the ^leen decenfed. Butthe 
 " truth of the ftory, he fays, is this, that the reverend bifliop now mentioned, undcrftandin^; 
 " how that great and honourable perfonage in the lad acl of her life renounced allprefumptioii 
 *' of her own inherent righteoufiiefs, and wholly afRanced her foul unto Chrill, in belief to be 
 " juftified only by his fatisfaftory juftlce,. did therefore conceive hope of her falvation by vir-. 
 <' tue of that cordial prefcribed by the holy apoflle, viz. that where ftn aboundeth, the grace of 
 " God doth fiperaboimd. Which the apoflle hath mlniftered for the comfort of every "Chrif- 
 " tian, who, erring by ignorance, fliall (by fincere repentance, efpecially for all known fins) de- 
 " part from this mortal life, having the heel or end of it fliod with this preparation of tlic 
 •' gpfpel of peace : not of the new Rpmlfli, but of the old Catholic faith, which is the faith of 
 " all Proteftants. And this confideration of that our preacher cannot but now worthily con- 
 " demn the Apologllts of partial prejudice, who chofe rather to be informed concerning that 
 *' fermon by (as they confefs) a reproachful traducer and libeller, than (which they might eafil^r 
 " have done) by tcftimony of a thoufand temperate and indifferent liearers then prefent." 
 
 *■ In 1588 many libels, full of low fcurrllity, and petulant fatire, were publiflied againft the 
 bi(hops. They were principally written by a fociety of men, afluming the name of " Maitin 
 ■*• Mar-Prelate." They appeared under various titles, as " Diotrephes ;" " the Minerals ;" 
 *• The Epiftle to the Confocation Houfe •," " Have ye any Work for a Cooper ?" in anfwer to 
 ■what Cowper, Bifliop of Winchefter, had written in vindication of the biOiops and church of 
 England ; " More Work for a Cooper," &c. &c. The authors of thefe publications were 
 John Penry, a Welfiiman, John Udal, and other mlnifters. 
 
 John Penry, or John ap Henry, was in 1593 arraigned at the King's Bench, Weftminfler^ 
 upon the (tatute of the 23 Eliz. c. 2. made againfl feditious words and rumours uttered againfi the 
 ^een, and foon after executed lialtily, being brought in an afternoon out of the King's Bench 
 
 prifon
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 
 
 ^5i 
 
 venomous books dally printed and difperfed ; books that were fo abfurd 
 and fcurrilouSj that the graver divines difdalncd them an anfwer. And yet 
 thefe were grown into high eftcein with the common people, till Tom Nafh"" 
 appeared againft them all, who was a man of a fharp wit, and the mafter 
 of a fcoffing, fatirical, merry pen, which he employed to difcover the ab- 
 fiirditles of thofe blind, malicious, fenfelefs pamphlets, and fermons as fenfe- 
 lefs as they. Nafh's anfwers being like his books, which bore thefe titles, 
 " ^// Almond- for A Parrot'^'' A Fig for viy Godfon ; '■'■ Come crock we this' 
 " JV/i'/," and the like; fo that his merry wit made fuch a difcovery of their 
 
 abfurdities, 
 
 prifon, In Southwnrk into St. Thxunas Waterlngf;, a place of exccutioa, on iuait Gdc the river . 
 Thames, and there hanged. (Strype.) 
 
 A¥e are informed by Dr. Heylin in his " Hiflory of the Prefhyterians," that the men who 
 alTumed this name of *' Martin M^-Prelatc" called the archblfliop "Pope of Lambeth;"' 
 " the Canterbury Calaphas ;" *' Efau ;" " a monftrous Antichrillian Pope." The Bifliops. 
 were named " Petty Popes," " Petty Antichrifts,"' " Incarnate Devils," Sec. whilflthe infe- 
 rior clergy were *' Popirti Priefts," " Monks," " Ale-hiuiters," Sec. 
 
 What elTe£ls were produced by thefe writings we learn from " Brightman upon the Reve- 
 " lation," p. 149. " There was," fays he " one that called himfclf by the name of ' Mania 
 " 'Mar-Prelate,' who fet forth books wherein he dealt fomewhat roundly with the angel, i. e. 
 " the Bifhops of the Church of England. How were thofe bitter jefts of his favoured among 
 *' the people ? how willingly, greedily, and with what great mirth were they every where cn- 
 " tertained ? There is no ihan fo rude and unfkilful, but that pondering that time in his mind 
 '• would fay thus to himfelf, and that not without caufe, Truly tht Lord hath poured out contempt 
 •' upon Princes; thofe that honour him doth he honour, and thofe that defpife him Jlmll be defpifed. He 
 *^ hath made our priejls contemptible to the whole people, becaufe they have broken their covenant ." 
 
 <= Mr. Thomas Nafli, a man of a facetious and farcaftic difpofition, was the author of nu- 
 merous trails to which he gave quaint names, as " the Apology of Pierce Pennilefs ; or, Strange 
 " News" i^c. — " Have ivith you to Saffron IValden : — Pappe -with a Hitchet ; alias, a Fig for my 
 " Godfon ; or, Cracke me this Nutt ; or, a C)untry C'iffe, that is, a found Box of the Ear for the 
 " Idiot Martin to hold his Peace ,- written by one that dares call a Dog a Dog." He wrote witii 
 ^reat pleafantry and wit againft a fet of men, who at that time boldly pretended to prognofti- 
 cations and allronomical predi*itions. . 
 
 • Ridiculum acri 
 
 " Fortius ac melius inagnns pleriiinquefecat res." ' HoR.' 
 
 From the various tracts written by Nufh, the commentators on Shakefpear have happily, 
 .jkieidated and explained feveral obfcure paflages of their great poet.
 
 254 THE LIFE OF 
 
 abfurdities, as (which is ftrange) he put a greater flop to thefe malicious 
 pamphlets, than a much wifer man had been able. 
 
 And now the reader is to take notice, that at the death of Father Alvy, 
 who was Mafler of the Temple, this Walter Travers was ledurer there for 
 the evening fermons, which he preached with great approbation, efpecially 
 of the younger gentlemen of that focicty, and for the mofl part approved 
 by Mr. Hooker himfelf, in the midft of their oppofitions. For he conti- 
 nued ledurer a part of his time ; Mr. Travers being indeed a man of com- 
 petent learning, of winning behaviour, of a blamelefs life. But he had 
 taken orders by the Prefbyters in Antwerp", and if in any thing he was 
 tranfported, it was in an extreme defire to fet up that government in this 
 nation : for the promoting of which he had a correfpondence with Theo- 
 dore Beza at Geneva", and others in Scotland ; and was one of the chiefeft 
 afliftants to Mr. Cartwrlght in this defign. 
 
 Mr. Travers had alfo a particular hope to fet up this government in the 
 Temple, and to that end ufed his endeavours to be Mafter of it ; and his 
 being difappointed by Mr. Hooker's admittance, proved fome occafion of 
 his oppofition of Mr. Hooker's fermons publicly in the pulpit : Many of 
 which were concerning the dodtrine, difcipline, and ceremonies of this 
 church ; and Mr. Hooker again publicly juftified his dodlrine againfl the 
 other's exceptions: infomuch, that as St. Paul withilood St Peter to his 
 face, fo did they. For as one hath pleafantly exprefled it, " the forenoon 
 ** fermons fpeak Canterbury, and the afternoon's Geneva." 
 
 In thefe fermons there was little of bitternefs, but each party brought all 
 the reafons he was able to prove his adverfary's opinions erroneous. And 
 
 thus 
 
 <* The teftimonial of his onlination at Antwerp, May 14,1578, is inferted in " Fuller's 
 "Church Hiftory," B. IX. p. 214. 
 
 « Strj'pe has drawn a comparlfon between thefe two rival preachers. — " Hooker was a 
 " true man to the church as cftablilhed : Travers was not fo. Hooker was for univerfal re- 
 " demption, and taught the decrees of God concerning the falvation of maiijiind by Jefus 
 " Chrifl; in more latitude : Travers was for the more rigid way, for abfdute exclufion of the 
 " greateft part of mankind from it, and to be fliut up under a decree of reprobation and re- 
 " jedion. Thefe and other opinions caufed different dodrines to be preached in the fame 
 ^' pulpit morning and afternoon."
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 
 
 255 
 
 thus it continued for a time till the oppofitions became fo high, and the 
 confequences lb dangerous, efpecially in that place, that the prudent arch- 
 bifhop put a Hop to Mr. Travers's preaching by a poliiive prohibition'^ j 
 againlt which Mr. Travers appealed and petitioned * her Majefly and her 
 Privy Council to have it recalled, where he met with many affifting power- 
 ful friends ; but they were not able to prevail with or againft the archbi- 
 Ihop, whom the Queen had cntrufted with all church-power ; and he had 
 received fo fair a teltimony of Mr. Hooker's principles and of his learning 
 
 and 
 
 ' That prohibition was chiefly bccaufe ofhis foreign ordination. Their different characters 
 as preachers are thus delineated by Dr. Gauden: — " Mr. Travers was a more plaulible and 
 " profitable preacher to vulgar auditors, as well as more popular, having much more of the 
 " oratorian decoy, a pleafing voice, a pathetic pronunciation, and an infinuating fafliion or 
 " geflure to captivate his auditors by his agreeable prcfence, vigorous fpeech, and graceful 
 " aftivity; nor were his texts and matter ufually ill-chofen, or impertinently or dully handled, 
 " upon pra6lical heads and common places of divinity. Mr. Hooker was more profound and 
 " the other more fluent: diflerent gifts they had from the fame fpirit, for feveral ufes of the 
 " church, to the fame end of God's glory and fouls' good, though in different ways of mini- 
 " flration." (Hooker's Life, p. 30.) 
 
 According to Fuller, the manner of filencing Travers gave great offence. " For all the 
 " congregation on a Sabbath in the afternoon were aflembled together, their attention pre- 
 " pared, the cloth, as I may fay, and napkins were laid, yea the guefls fet, and their knives 
 " drawn for their fpiritual repaft:, when fuddenly, as Mr. Travers was going up to the pulpit, 
 " a forry fellow ferved him with a letter, prohibiting him to preach any more. In obedience to 
 "authority, the mild and conftant fubmiffion whereunto won him refpctl with his adverfaries, 
 " Mr. Travers calmly fignified the fame to the congregation, and requefted them quietly to 
 " depart to their chambers. Thus was our good Zaccheus (or rather Zacharias) flruck dumb 
 " in the Temple, but not for infidelity; unpartial people accounting his fault at mofl but in- 
 " difcrction. Meantime his auditory (pained that their pregnant exi^edlation to hear him 
 " preach fnould fo publicly prove abortive, and fent fermonlefs home) manifeflcd in their va- 
 " riety of palfion, fome grieving, fome frowning, fome murmuring, and the wifeft fort, who 
 " held their tongues, fliaked tlieir heads, as difliking the managing of the matter." (FulUrs 
 Church Hifl.B. IX. />. 217.) — Upon his expull'ion from the Temple he was appointed Provoft of 
 Trinity College in Dublin, at the inflancc ofhis old friend and fellow collegian Adam Loftus, 
 Archbifliop of Dublin. He afterward refigned that ofHcc, and returned to England, where 
 he lived many years in obfcurity, but with much quiet and contentment. 
 
 s •' The Supplication made to the Council by Mr. Walter Travers" and " Mr. Hooker's 
 " Anfwer to it, addrelTed to my Lord of Canterbury his Grace," are ufually printed with Mr, 
 Hooker's works.
 
 2i6 THE LIFE OF 
 
 and moderation, that he wkhflood all folicitations. But the denying thi^ 
 petition of Mr. Travers was unpleafant to divers of his party, and the rca- 
 fonablenefs of it became at laft to be fo magnified by them and many others, 
 as never to be anfwered : fo that intending the blfliop's an.^ Mr. Hookci's 
 difgrace, they procured it to be privately, printed and fcattered abroad ; and 
 then Mr. Hooker v.^as forced to appear as publicly, and print an anfwer to 
 it, which he did, and dedicated it to the archbifhop ; and it proved fo full 
 an anfwer, to have in it fo much of clear reafon, and writ with fo much 
 meeknefs and majefty of ftyle, that the biihop began to wonder at the man, 
 to rejoice that he had appeared in his caufe, and difdained not earnellly to 
 beg his friendfliip ; even a familiar friendfliip with a man of fo much quiet 
 learning and humility. 
 
 To enumerate the many particular points, in which Mr Hooker and Mr. 
 Travers diffented (all or moft of which I have feen written), would prove 
 at leaft tedious ; and therefore I fliall impofe upon my reader no more than 
 two, which fhall immediately follow, and by which he may judge of the 
 reft. 
 
 Mr. Travers excepted againft Mr. Hooker, for that in one of his fermons 
 he declared, " That the afTurance of what we believe by the word of God 
 *' is not to us fo certain, as that which we perceive by fenfe." And Mr. 
 Hooker confefleth he faid fo, and endeavours to juflify it by the rcafons 
 following : 
 
 " Firft:"! taught that the things which God promifes in his word arc not 
 *' furer to us than that v.'e touch handle or fee : but are we fo fure and 
 " certain of them ? If we be, why doth God fo often prove his promilcs to 
 *' us as he doth, by arguments drawn from ourfenfible experience? for we 
 *' muft be furer of the proof than of the things proved ; otherwife it is no 
 *' proof. For example, how is it that many men looking upon the moon 
 *' at the fame time, every one knoweth it to be the moon as certainly as 
 *' the other doth ? But many believing one and the fame promife have not 
 " all the fame fulnefs of perfuafion. For how falleth it out, that men being 
 " afTurcd of any thing by fenfe can be no furer of it than they are ; when 
 *' as the ftrongeft in faith that liveth upon the earth has always need to 
 *' labour, ftrive, and pray, that his affurance concerning heavenly and fpi- 
 " ritual things may grow, increafe, and be augmented ?" 
 
 The
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 257 
 
 The fermoii that gave him the caufe of this his juftification makes the 
 cafe more plain, by declaring, " that there is, befides this certainty of evi- 
 " dence, a certainty of adherence"." In which, having mod excellently 
 demonftrated what the certainty of adherence is, he makes this comfortable 
 life ot it : " Comfortable," he fays, " as to weak believers, who fuppofe 
 *' themfelves to be faithlefs, not to believe, when notwithftanding they 
 " have their adherence ; the Holy Spirit hath his private operations, and 
 " worketh fecretly in them, and effedlually too, though they want the in- 
 " ward teftimony of it." 
 
 Tell this to a man that hath a mind too much deje£ted by a fad fenfe of 
 his fin ; to one that, by a too fevere judging of himfelf, concludes that he 
 wants faith, becaufe he wants the comfortable aflurance of it ; and his an- 
 fwer will be, " Do not perfuade me, againft my knowledge, againft what 
 "T find and feel in myfelf: I do not, I know I do not believe." (Mr. 
 Hooker's own words follow.) " Well then, to favour fuch men a little in 
 " their weaknefs, let that be granted which they do imagine ; be it, that 
 " they adhere not to God's promifes, but are faithlefs and without belief. 
 " But are they not grieved for their unbelief? They confefs they are. Do 
 *' they not wifh it might, and alfo ftrive that it may be otherwife ? We 
 *' know they do. Whence cometh this but from a fecret love and liking, 
 " that they have of thofe things believed ? For no man can love thofc 
 " things which in his own opinion are not ; and if they think thofe things 
 " to be, which they fhew they love, when they defire to beheve them ; 
 " then muft it be, that, by defiring to believe, they prove themfelves true 
 " believers : for without faith no man thinketh that things believed are : 
 " which argument all the fubtilties of infernal powers will never be able to 
 " diflblve." This is an abridgment of part of the reafons he gives for his 
 juftification of this his opinion, for which he was excepted againft by Mr. 
 Travers. 
 
 P P Mr. 
 
 ■■ The clifcourfe alluded to is entitled " A learned and comfortable Sermon of the Certainty 
 " and Perpetuity of Faith in the Eleft, efpecially of the Prophet Habakkuk's Faith. Habak. 
 "i. 4. Whether the Prophet Habakkuk, by admitting this Cogitation into his Mind, T/te Law 
 ^''doih/ai/f 4itl thereby fliew himfelf an Unbeliever."
 
 258 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Mr. Hooker was alfo accufed by Mr. Travers, for that he, in one of his 
 fermons', had declared, " That he doubted not but that God was merciful 
 *' to fave many of our forefathers living heretofore in Fopifli fupcrftition, 
 " for as much as they fmned ignorantly" ; ' and Mr. Hooker in his anl'wer 
 profefTeth it to be his judgment, and declares hisreafons for this charitable 
 opinion to be as followeth : 
 
 But firft (becaufe Travers's argument againft this charitable opinion of 
 Hooker was, that they could not be faved becaufe thev fought to be jufti- 
 fied by the merit of their works, and fo overthrew the foundation of iaith) 
 he ftates the queftion about juftihcation and works, and how the founda- 
 tion of faith is overthrown ; and then he proceeds to diicover thar way 
 which natural men and fome others have mlftaken to be the v»'a.y, by which 
 they hope to attain true and e^verlafting happinefs : and having olicovered 
 the miftaken, he proceeds to diredt to that true way, by which, and no 
 other, everlafting life and bleffednefs is attainable. And thefe two ways he 
 demonftrates thus (they be his own words that follow) : " That, the way 
 *' of nature; this, the way of grace; the end of that way falvation merited, 
 *' prefuppofing the righteoufnefs of men's works : their righteoufnefs a na- 
 " tural ability to do them; that ability, the goodnefs of God which created 
 " them in fuch perfedion. But the end of this way, falvation bellowed 
 *' upon men as a gift : prefuppofmg not their righteoufnefs, but the for- 
 " giveoefs of their unrighteoufnefs,juftification; their juftihcation, not their 
 
 ■" natural 
 
 • " A learned Difcourfeof Juflificatlon, Works, and how the Foundation of Faith is over- 
 " thrown. Habakkuk i. 4. The Wicked doth compafs about the Righteous ,- therefore perverfe 
 '• Judgment doth proceed." • . 
 
 ^ *' Mr. Hooker afErmed the Church of Rome to be, though not a pure, found, and perfc£l 
 church, yet a true one, in which the neccflary and fundamental means of falvation are pre- 
 ferved, but much difeafed and obfcured by fuperftitious fuperllrufture, to the great danger of 
 people's fouls, and detriment, as well as diflionour, of the Chrillian religion, in its holy infti- 
 tutions, morals, and myfteries. Mr. Travers, on the other fide, earneftly contended againll 
 the Church of Rome, as no church of Chrift, but wholly a fynagoguc of Satan, and the feat of 
 Antichrift, denying falvation to all thofe that held communion with her. Thus charity in the 
 one, and zeal in the other, both Chriftian and commendable graces, carried them far frem 
 each other." ( Dr. Gauden's Life of Hooker, p. 30.)
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 
 
 259 
 
 •* natural ability to do good, but their hearty forrow for not doing, and un- 
 ** feigned belief in him, for whofe fake not doers are accepted, which is 
 " their vocation ; their vocation, the election of God, taking them out of 
 " the number of loft children ; their ele<Stion, a mediator in whom to be 
 " eledl : this mediation inexplicable mercy ; this mercy, fuppofing their 
 " mifery for whom he vouchfafed to die, and make himfelf a mediator." 
 
 And he alfo declareth, "there is no meritorious caufe for our juftification 
 " but Chrift ; no effedlual but his mercy ;" and fays alfo, " we deny the 
 " grace of our Lord Jefus Chrift, we abufe, difannul, and annihilate the be- 
 " neht of his paflion, if by a proud imagination we believe we can merit 
 " everlafting life, or-can be worthy of it." This belief, he declareth, is to 
 deftroy the very eflence of our juftification, and he makes all opinions that 
 border upon this to be very dangerous. " Yet neverthelefs," and for this 
 he was accufed, " confidering how many virtuous and juft men, how 
 " many faints and martyrs have had their dangerous opinions, amongft 
 " which this was one, that they hoped to make God fome part of amends' 
 " by voluntary puniftiments which they laid upon themfelves :" becaufe by 
 this, or the like erroneous opinions, which do by confequence overthrow 
 the merits of Chrift, fliall man be fo bold as to write on their graves, 
 " Such men are damned, there is for them no falvation ?'' St. Auftin fays, 
 " Errare poflum, hxreticus elTe nolo." And except we put a difference be- 
 tAvixt them that err ignorantly, and them that obftinately perfift in it, how 
 is it poflible that any man fliould hope to be faved ? give me a pope or 
 a cardinal', whom great affliftlons have made to know himfelf, whofe 
 heart God hath touched with true forrow for all his fins, and filled with a 
 love of Chrift and his gofpel ; whofe eyes are willingly open to fee the 
 truth, and his mouth ready to renounce all error, this one opinion of merit 
 excepted, which he thinketh God will require at his hands ; and becaufe 
 
 P ?3 he 
 
 ' " I do not," fays Mr. Hooker, " propofe to you a pope with the neck of an emperor 
 " under his feet, a cardinal riding his horfe to the bridle in the blood of faints, but a pope or 
 " a cardinal forrowful, penitent, difrobed, ftript not only of ufurped power, but alfo delivered 
 " and recalled from error and Antichrift ; converted, and lying proftrate at the foot of 
 " Chrirt ; .and fliall I think that Chrift will fpurn at him ; and (hall I crofs and gainfay the 
 "^ rnerciful promifcs ot God, generally made unto penitent finners, by oppofing the name of a 
 "-goge or a cardinal." ( Hcoltr's JVcrit, fo/. III. p. 485)
 
 26o THE LIFE OF 
 
 he wanteth, trembleth, and is difcouraged, and yet can fiiy, " Lord, cleanfc 
 ** me from all my fecret fms !" Shall I think, becaufe of this, or a like er- 
 ror, fuch men touch not fo much as the hem of Chrift's garment ? if they 
 do, wherefore fhould I doubt, but that virtue may proceed from Chrift to 
 fave them ? No, I will not be afraid to fay to fuch a one, " You err in 
 " your opinion, but be of good comfort ; you have to do with a merciful 
 *' God, who will make the beft of that little whi<^h you hold well, and not 
 *' with a captious fophiftcr, who gathered the worft out of every thing in 
 *' which you are miftaken." 
 
 But it will be faid, " The admittance of merit, in any degree, over- 
 *' throweth the foundation, excludeth from the hope of mercy, from all 
 ■*' pofhbility of falvation." (And now Mr Hooker's own words follow) : 
 
 *' What though they hold the truth hncerely in all other parts of Chrif- 
 ** tian faith ? although they have in fome meafure all the virtues and graces 
 " of the fpirit? although they have all other tokens of God's children in 
 ** them ? although they be far from having any proud opinion that they 
 " fliall be laved by the worthinefs of their deeds ? although the only thing 
 " that troubleth and molefteth them be a little too much dejection, fome- 
 " what too great a fear, arifmg from an erroneous conceit, that God will 
 *' require a worthinefs in them, which they are grieved to find wanting in 
 " themfelves ? although thc^y be not obftinate in this opinion ? although 
 " they be willing, and would be glad to forfake it, if any one reafon were 
 '' brought fufficient to difprovc it ? although the only caufe why they do 
 " not forfake it ere they die, be their ignorance of that means by which it 
 " might be difproved ? although the caufe why the ignorance in this point 
 *' is not removed, be the w'ant of knowledge in fuch as fhould be able, and 
 " are not to remove it ? Let me die," fays Mr. Hooker, " if it be ever 
 " proved, that limply an error doth exclude a pope or cardinal in fuch a 
 *' cafe utterly from the hope of life. Surely, I muft confefs, that if it be 
 *' an error to think that God may be merciful to favc men, even when they 
 " err, my greateft comfort is my error : were it not for the love I bear to this 
 " error, I would never wifli to fpeak or to live.'' 
 
 I was willing to take notice of thefe two points, as fuppofing them to be 
 very material ; and that as they are thus contra<^ed, they prove ufeful to
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 261 
 
 iny reader ; as alfo for that the anfwers be arguments of Mr. Hooker's 
 great and clear rcafon, and equal charity. Other exceptions were alfo 
 made againft him, as, " that he prayed before, and not after his fermons ; 
 " that in his prayers he named bifl\ops ; that he kneeled both when he 
 *' prayed, and when he received the facrament ; and," fays Mr. Hooker, 
 in his defence, " other exceptions fo like thefc, as but to name, I fhould 
 " have thought a greater fault than to commit them." 
 
 And it is not unworthy the noting, that in the manage of fo great a con- 
 troverfy, a fliarper reproof than this, and one like it, did never fall from 
 the happy pen of this humble man. That like it was upon a like occafion 
 of exceptions, to which his anfwer was, " Your next argument confifts of 
 " railing and of reafons ; to your railing I fay nothing ; to your reafons I 
 *' fay what follows.'' And I am glad of this fair occafion, to teftify the 
 dove-like temper of this meek, this matchlefs man. Doubtlefs, if Almighty 
 God had bleft the difTenters from the ceremonies and difcipline of this 
 church, v/ith a like meafure of wifdom and humility, inftead of their perti- 
 nacious zeal, then obedience and truth had kified each other ; then peace 
 and piety had flourifhed in our nation, and this church and ftate had been 
 bleft like " Jerufalem, that is at unity with itfelf ;" but that can never be 
 expedled, till God fliall blefs the common people with a belief, " that fchifm 
 '' is a fin, and that there may be offences taken which are not given; and 
 " that laws are not made for private men to difpute, but to obey." 
 
 And this alfo may be worthy of noting, that thefe exceptions of Mr, 
 Travers, againft Mr Hooker, were the caufe of his tranfcribing feveral of 
 his feimons, which we now fee printed with his books ; of his " Anfwer 
 " to Mr Travers's Supplication ;" and of his moft learned and ufeful " Dif- 
 " courfe of Juftification, of Faith, and Works ;" and, by their tranfcription, 
 they fell into the hands of others, that have preferved them from being loft, 
 as too many of his other matchlefs writings have been ; and from thefe I 
 have gathered many obfervations in this difcourfe of his life. 
 
 After the publication of his " Anfwer to the Petition of Mr. Travers," 
 Mr. Hooker grew daily into greater repute with the moft learned and wife 
 of the nation ; but it had a contrary eftedl in very many of the Temple 
 that were zealous for Mr. Travers, and for his church-difcipline j infomuch, 
 
 that
 
 262 THE LIFE OF 
 
 that though Mr. Travers left the place", yet the feeds of difcontent could' 
 not be rooted out of that fociety, by the great reafon, and as great meek- 
 nefs of this humble man: for though the chief benchers gave him much 
 reverence and encouragement, yet he there met with many negled;s and 
 oppofitions by thofe of Mr. Travers's judgment ; infomuch that it turned' 
 to his extreme grief; and that he mighi unbeguile and win them, he defigned 
 to write a deliberate and fober treatife on the church's power to make ca- 
 nons for the ufe of ceremonies, and by law to impofe an obedience to 
 them, as upon her children ; and this he propofed to do in eight books of 
 the Laws of Ecclefiaftical Polity ; intending therein to fhew fuch arguments 
 as fhould force an aflent from all men, if reafon delivered in fweet language, 
 and void of any provocation, v/ere able to do it ; and, that he might pre- 
 vent all prejudice, he wrote before it a large preface or epiftle to the dif- 
 fenting brethren, wherein there were fuch bowels of love, and fuch'a com- 
 mixture of that love with reafon, as was never exceeded but in holy writ ; 
 and particularly by that of St. Paul to his dear brother and fellow-labourci' 
 Philemon ; than which none was ever more like this epiftle of Mr; 
 Hooker's. So that his dear friend and companion in his ftudies, Dr. Spen- 
 cer, might after his death juftly fay, " What admirable height of learning and 
 " depth of judgment dwelt in the lowly mind of this truly humble man; great 
 " in all wife men's eyes except his own ; with what gravity and majefty of 
 " fpeech his tongue and pen uttered heavenly myfteries ; whofe eyes, iii 
 *' the humility of his heart, were always caft down to the ground ; how 
 " all things that proceeded from him were breathed as from the fpirit of 
 " love ; as if he, like the bird of the Holy Ghoft, the dove, had wanted gall; 
 " let thofe, who knew him not in his perfon, judge by thefe living images, 
 " of his foul, his writings".. 
 
 The 
 
 " It redounds much to the credit both of Cartwright and Travers, tliat in tlie evening oC 
 their lives they became more temperate and moderate in their condu£l. There is no doube 
 but that many of the younger part of his audience were extremely attached to the perfon and 
 doflrine of Travers. Hence they contraGed an utter averfion to the Englifli hierarch^r, and 
 thofe of them who afterwards fat iiitheHoufe of Commons difcovered great partiality to the 
 Puritans. 
 
 " See Dr. Spencer's Addrefs to the Reader, prefixed to tlic firft editions of *• Hooker's Ec- 
 " clcfiaftical Politv."
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 263 
 
 The foundation of thefe books was laid in the Temple ; but he found it 
 iio fit place to finifh what he had there defigned ; and therefore folicited 
 the archbifliop for a remove, to whom he fpake to this purpofe : " My 
 *' Lord, when 1 loft the freedom of my cell, which was my college, yet I 
 *' found fome degree of it in my quiet country parfonage ; but I am weary 
 *' of the noife and oppofitions of this place, and indeed God and Nature 
 " did not intend mc for contentions, but for ftudy and quietnefs. And, my 
 *' Lord, my particular contefts here with Mr. Travers have proved the more 
 " unplcafant to me, becaufe I believe him to be a good man ; and that be- 
 " lief hath occafioned me to examine mine own confcience concerning his 
 '' opinions ; and, to fatisfy that, I have confulted the holy Scripture, and 
 *' other laws, both human and divine, whether the confcience of him, and 
 " others of his judgment, ought to be fo far complied with us, as to alter 
 *' our frame of church-government, our manner of God's worfliip, our 
 *' praifmg and praying to him, and our eftablifhed ceremonies, as often as 
 " their tender confciences fhall require us. And, in this examination, I have 
 " not only fatisfied myfelf ; but have begun a treatife, in which I intend 
 " the fatisfadion of others, by a demonftration of the reafonablenefs of our 
 " laws of ecclefiaftical polity ; and therein laid a hopeful foundation for the 
 •" church's peace ; and, fo as not to provoke your adverfary Mr. Cartwright, 
 " nor Mr. Travers, whom I take to be mine (but not mine enemy), God 
 *' knows this to be my meaning. To which end I have fearched many 
 " books, and fpent many thoughtful hours ; and, I hope, not in vain ; for I 
 " write to reafonable men. But, my Lord, I fhall never be able to finifli 
 *' what I have begun, unlefs I be removed into ibme quiet country par- 
 *' fonage, where I may fee God's bleffrngs fpring out of my mother earth, 
 " and eat mine own bread in peace and privacy. A place where I may, 
 " without difturbance, meditate my approaching mortality, and that great 
 *' account, vvhich all flefli muft at the laft great day give to the God of all 
 ■" fpirlts. 
 
 " This is my defign ; and, as thefe are the defires of my heart, fo they 
 *' fhall, by God's affiftance, be the conftant endeavours of the uncertain 
 "" remainder of my life. And therefore, if your Grace can think me and my 
 " poor labours worthy fuch a favour, let me beg it, that I may perfect what 
 " I have begun ; which is a bleffing I cannot hope for in this place." 
 
 About
 
 264 THE LIFE OF 
 
 About the time of this reqiieft to the bifhop, the parfonage or redory of 
 Bofcum", in the diocefe of Sarum, and fix miles from that city, became 
 void. The Biniop of Sarum is patron of it ; but in the vacancy of that fee 
 (which was three years betwixt the death of Bifhop Pierce'', and Bifliop 
 Caldwell's" admiflion into it), the difpofal of that, and all benefices belonging 
 to it daring the time of this faid vacancy, came to be difpofed of by the 
 Archbifhop of Canterbury ; and he prefented Richard Hooker to it in the 
 year 1591. And Richard Hooker was alfo in this faid year inftituted (July 17) 
 to be a minor prebendary of Salifbury, the corps to it being Netherhavin, . 
 about ten miles from that city; which prebend was of no great value, but in- 
 tended chiefly to make him capable of a better preferment in that church''. 
 In this Bofcum he continued till he had finifhed four of his eight propofed 
 books of" The Laws of Ecclefiaftical Polity," and thefe were entered into 
 the regiftei'-book in Stationer's-hall, the gth of March 1592, but not printed 
 till the year 1594, and then with the before-mentioned large and affed:ion- 
 ate preface which he diredls to them that feek (as they term it) the re- 
 formation of the laws and orders ecclefiaftical in the church of England ; 
 of which books I fliall yet fay nothing more, but that he continued his la- 
 borious diligence to finifli the remaining four during his life (of all which 
 more properly hereafter) ; but at Bofcum he finifhed and publifhed but only 
 the firfl four, being then in the 39th year of his age. 
 
 He 
 
 ® Bofcombe R. St. Andrew's, In the deanery of Amefbury, in the archdeaconry of Sarum, 
 \ 
 
 I' Or rather as it is in the earlier editions, " Betwixt the tranflation of Bifliop Pierce to the 
 " fee of York, and Bifhop Caldwell's admilhon into it. Dr. John Pierce, bifliop of Salifbury, 
 " was ele£led to the fee of York, Feb. i, 1588, confirmed Feb. 17, and enthronifed by proxy 
 " the 27th of the fame month. He died Sept. 28, 1594." (LeNcve.) 
 
 1 John Caldwell, M. D. of St. John's College in Cambridge, was in 1591 promoted from 
 the deanery of Rochefter to the fee of Salifbury, after it had been vacant three years. He 
 died in 1596. 
 
 ' He became prebendary of Netherhavin, and fubdean of tlie church of Salisbury, on the 
 refi^nation of Dr. Nicholas Balguy, who fuccecded him in the Maflerlliip of the Temple. — ■ 
 This prebend remains charged in the King's books at 28I. 19s. 2d. and has moreover the pa- 
 tronage of the vicarage of Netherhavin. The preferment for which it was intended to qualify 
 him was a refidentiaryfliip of Sarum, the canons refidentiary of that church, fix in number, 
 being eleikd out of the prebendaries.
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 265 
 
 He left Bofcum in the year 1595, by a fiirrender of it into the hands of 
 Eifliop Caldwell, and he prefentcd Benjamin Rulfel, who was inftituted 
 into it, the 23d of June in the flime year. 
 
 Theparfonage of Bi(hop's-Borne, in Kent, three miles from Canterbury, 
 is in that Archbifliop's gift, but in the latter end of the year 1994, Dr. 
 William Redman, the rector of it, was made Bifliop of Norwich ; by which 
 means the power of prefenting to it was pro ea vice in the Queen ; and fhe 
 prefented Richard Hooker, whom ihe loved well, to this good living of 
 Borne, the 7th of July, 1595, in which living he continued till his death, 
 without any addition of dignity or prolit. 
 
 And now having brought our Richard Hooker from his birth-place, to 
 this where he found a grave, I fhall only give fome account of his books, 
 and of his behaviour in this parfonage of Borne, and then give a reft both 
 to myfelf and my reader. 
 
 His firft four books and large epiftle have been declared to be printed 
 at his being at Bofcum, anno 1594.'. Next 1 am to tell, that at the end of 
 
 Qjl thefe 
 
 ' Mr. Hooker fent a written copy of his book, in 1592, to the Lord Treafurer Burghley, 
 accompanied v/ith the following letter : 
 
 " IMy duty in mod humble manner remembered. So it is, my good Lord, that manitimes 
 " afTcclion caufes thofe things to be don, which would rather be forborn, if men were wholly 
 " guided by judgment. Albeit, therefore, I mud needs in leafon condemn-; myfelf of over- 
 " great boldnefs for thus prefuming to offer to your Lorddiip's view my poor and (lender la- 
 " hours : yet, becaufe that which moves me fo to do is a dutiful afFeclion fome way to mani- 
 " fell itfclf -, and glad to take this prefent occafion for want of other more worthy your 
 •* Lordfljip's acceptation. I am in that behalf not out of hope your Lordlhip's wifdom-wil 
 " the eafier pardon my fault -, the rather becaufe myfelf am pcrfuadcd that my faultinefs had 
 " been greater, if thefe writings concerning the nobler part of thofe laws under which we live 
 '• fliould not have craved, with the firft, your Lordfliip's favorable approbation. Whofe pain- 
 " ful care to uphold all laws, and efpecially the ecclefiaftical, hath by thefpace of fo many 
 " years fo apparently fbewcd itfelf : that if we who enjoy the benefit thereof did diflemble it, 
 " they, whofe malice doth nioft cn\7^ our good therein, would convince our unthankful nefs. 
 " Wherefore fubmitting both myfelf, and thefe my fimple doings into your Lordiliip's mofl: 
 ♦' wife judgment, I here humbly take my leave. London, the 13th of March, 1592. 
 " Your Lordlhip's moft willingly at commandment, 
 
 " RICHARD HOOKER." 
 
 (From Strype's Ufi of ArcUlJhop Whitgifty Appendix, B. 77'. N. XVII.)
 
 2 66 THE LIFE OE 
 
 thefe four books, there is printed this advcrtiieinent to the reader : — " I 
 " have for fome caufes thought it at this time more fit to let go thefc firft 
 " four books by thcmfelves, than to ftay both them and the reft, till the 
 " whole might together be publiflied. Such generalities of the caufe in 
 " queftion as are here handled, it will be perhaps not amifs to confider 
 " apart, by way of introdudtion unto the books that are to follow concern- 
 " ing particulars ; in the mean time the reader is requefted to mend the 
 " printer's errors, as noted underneath." 
 
 And I am next to declare, that his fifth book (which is larger than his 
 firft four) was firft alfo printed by itfelf, anno 1597, and dedicated to his 
 patron (for till then he chofe none) the archbilhop. Thefe books were 
 lead with an admiration of their excellency in this, and their juft fame 
 fpread itfelf into foreign nations. And I have been told, more than forty 
 years paft, that Cardinal Allen', or learned Dr. Stapleton" (both Englilh- 
 men, and m Italy when Mr. Hooker's four books were firft printed), 
 meeting with this general fame of them, were defirous to read an author 
 
 that 
 
 ' Sec " Collier's Ecclef. liift." Vol. II. p. 643. " Wood's Ath. Ox." Vol. I. p. 268. and 
 the infcription on Cardinal Allen's monument in the chapel of the Englifli College at Rome. 
 " Biograph. Brit." Vol. I. p. 80. [H.] 
 
 He was for fome time fellow of Oriel Colle-ge in Oxford, and Principal of St. Mary Hall. 
 He difplayed the mod ardent zeal in defending the religion of his anceftors, left his country 
 in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and fled to France. Here he diftinguilhed himfelf by taking 
 under his protcdion the Englifli refugees, many of whom he placed in two feminaries at 
 Douay and Rheims. He was rewarded by Pope Sixtus V. with a cardinal's hat in 1587, with 
 the title of Cardinal of St. Martin's in the Mount. In 1589, he was appointed Archbifliop of 
 Mechlin in Brabant, and died about 1594- Pope Gregory XIII. entertained fo high an opi- 
 nion of him, that he introduced him to his cardinals with thefe words, " Venite, fratres mei, 
 oftendam vpbis Alanum." 
 
 " We learn from the letter of King, Bifliop of Chichefter, to Mr. Ifaac Walton, that Dr. 
 Stapleton was the perfon who named " Hooker's Ecclefiaftical Polity" to Pope Clement VIII. 
 Thomas Stapleton, D. D. defcended from a noble and ancient family in the county of Suffex, 
 left England on account of his religion, and retired into Flanders. He read le£lures in divi- 
 nity at Douay and afterward, at the cxprefs invitation of the King of Spain, filled the pro- 
 feflbr's chair at Louvain. He was much efteemed for hisvirtues and his learning, being 
 clafled fccond to Bellarmine in ccntroverfial fkill. He was born in 1535, and died at Louvain 
 in 1598. His works were printed at Paris in 1620, in four volumes folio. (JFood's Ath. Ox. 
 Vol. I. p. 292.)
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 267 
 
 that both the reformed and the learned of their own church did fo much 
 magnify ; and therefore caufed them to be fent for ; and after reading of 
 them boafted to the Pope (which was then Clement the Eighth), " That 
 " though he had lately faid, he never met with an Englifh book whofc 
 *' writer deferred the name of an author ; yet there now appeared a won- 
 " der to them, and it would be fo to his Holinefs, if it were in Latin ; for 
 " a poor obfcure Englifh prieft had wrote four fuch books of laws and 
 *' church-polity, and in a ftyle that exprelTed fo grave and fuch humble 
 " majefty, with clear demonftration of reafon, that in all their readings they 
 " had not met with any that exceeded him :" and this begot in the pope 
 an carneft defire that Dr. Stapleton fhould bring the faid four books, and, 
 looking on the Englifh, read a part of themi to him in Latin, which Dr. 
 Stapleton did, to the end of the firft book ; at the conclufion of which, the 
 pope fpake to this purpofe ; " There is no learning that this man hath not 
 " fearched into ; nothing too hard for his underftanding : This man indeed 
 " deferves the name of an author ; his books will get reverence by age, for 
 " there is in them fuch feeds of eternity, that if the reft be like this, they 
 " fhall laft till the laft fire fhall confume all learning." 
 
 Nor was this high, the only teftimony and commendations given to his 
 books ; for at the firft coming of King James into this kingdom, he in- 
 quired of the Archbifliop Whitgift for his friend Mr. Hooker, that writ the 
 books of Church-Dolity ; to which the anfwer was, that he died a year before 
 Queen Elizabeth, who received the fad news of his death with very much 
 forrow ; to which the King replied, " And I receive it with no lefs, that I 
 " fhall want the defired happinefs of feeing and difcourfing with that man, 
 " from whofe books 1 have received fuch fatisfadion : Indeed, my Lord, I 
 " have received more fatisfadlion in reading a leaf, or paragraph, in Mr. 
 *' Hooker, though it were but about the falhion of churches'", or church- 
 " mufic", or the like, but efpecially of the facraments *, than I have had in 
 " the reading particular large trcatifes written but of one, of thofe fubjeds 
 
 Qjl 2. by 
 
 " "Ecdef. Polit." B. V. Seft. 14. 
 
 ^ This fubje£t is mofl: excellently difcufled in " Ecclef. Polit." B. v. Sccl. 38 
 
 ' " Ecclef. Polit." B. V. Sccl. 50.
 
 268 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " others, though very learned men : and, I obfei'vc, there is in Mr. 
 " Hooker no affedted language ; but a grave, coniprehenfive, clear mani- 
 " feftation of reafon ; and that backed with the authority of the Scripture, 
 " the fathers, and fchoolmen, and with all law both facred and civil. And 
 " though many others write well, yet in the next age they will be forgot- 
 *' ten ; but doubtlefs there is in every page of Mr. Hooker's book the pic- 
 *' ture of a divine foul, fuch pictures of truth and reafon, and drawn in fo 
 *' facred colours, that they fhall never fade, but give an immortal memoiy 
 " to the author." And it is fo truly true, that the King thought what he 
 fpake ; that, as the mod; learned of the nation have and ftill do mention 
 Mr. Hooker with reverence ; ib he alfo did never mention him but with 
 the epithet oilearnedy ox judicious ^ or reverend, or venerable Mr. Hooker. 
 
 Nor did his fon, our late King Charles P. ever mention him but with 
 the fame reverence, enjoining his fon, our now gracious King, to be ftudious 
 in Mr. Hooker's books. And our learned antiquary Mr. Camden, in his 
 " Annals of Eliz." mentioning the death, the modefty, and other virtues of 
 Mr. Hooker, and magnifying his books, wifhed, " that, for the honour of 
 " this and benefit of other nations, they were turned into the univerfal 
 " language"'." Which work, though undertaken by many, yet they 
 have been weary, and forfaken it ; but the reader may now expedl it, 
 having been long fince begun, and lately finifhed, by the happy pen of Dr. 
 Earle% now Lord Bilhop of Salilbury, of whom I may juftlyfay (and let it 
 
 not 
 
 ' Charles I. a few days before his death, recommended to his deareft children the diligent 
 reading of the firft five books of " The Laws of Ecclefiaftical Polity," even next the Bible, as 
 an excellent means to fatisfy private fcruples, and fettle the public peace of this church and 
 kingdom. And in his will he bequeathed to the Princefs Elizabeth, his daughter, the Sermons 
 of Bifhop Andrews ; Archbifliop Laud's book againft Fiflier, which, he faid, would ground 
 her againft Popery ; and Mr. Hooker's " Ecclefiaftical Polity." 
 
 '' " Richardi Hooker fcripta ante annos multos vidi, et quanquam in fermone mihi non 
 percognito facile cognovi exadllflimi operis utilitatem : qua; tanta eft, ut hunc quoque librum 
 
 verti, fed in Latinum fermonem, pcrvelim. (Grotiiis in Epijlold ad Mef. Cafauhonum.) • 
 
 See alfo " Kennet's complete Hiftory of England," Vol. IL p. 619. 
 
 "= Dr. John Earle, author of " The "World difplayed ; or, feveral Eflays, confifting of the va- 
 " rious Charaders and Pnflions of its principal Inhabitants," was firft of Chrift Church, and 
 
 then
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 2C9 
 
 not ofTcncl him, bccaufe it is fuch a trutli as ought not to be concealed from 
 pofterity, or thole that now live and yet know him not), that fince Mr.. 
 Hooker died none have lived whom God hath blefled with more innocent 
 wifdom, more fanftified learning, or a more pious, peaceable, primitive, tem- 
 per; fo that this excellent perfon feems to be only like himfclf, and our ve- 
 nerable Richard Hooker; and only fit to make the learned of all nations 
 
 happy 
 
 then of Merton College in Oxford, tutor to Prince Charles, afterward Charles I. In 1643, he 
 was eletSlcd one of the Afieinbly of Divines; but he refufed to acl, and loft all he had for his 
 loyalty. After the Rcftoration, he was Dean of Weftminfter, and fucceflively Bifliop of Wor- 
 ceRer and Salifbury. He was one of the coadjutors in the reviHil of our prefent Liturgy. He 
 is defcribed as a very genteel man, yet religious and a contemner of the world : In his youth 
 an excellent orator and poet; in his advanced years an admirable preacher and difputant. By 
 the teitimony of an enemy, he was a perfon of the fweeteft and mod c'jliging good-nature 
 tliat lived in his age; and none fince has lived whom God hath blefliid with more innocent 
 wifdom, more fanditied learning, or a more pious, primitive, peaceable temper. He attended 
 the Court when they retired to Oxford from the plague, and died Nov. 17, 1665, and was 
 buried on the 25th of that month, near the high altar in Merton College church. His body 
 was attended to the grave from the public fchools by a herald of arms, and th: principat 
 perfons of the Court and Univerfity. (See the Preface to " The World Difplayed.") 
 
 His "Tranflation of t!;e Ecclefiaftical Polity" was never printed. That of the ia.uy 0iici>Mr, 
 was publifhed under the title of " Imago Regis Caroli Priini, in iErumnis ct Solitudine. 
 Hag. Com. 1649." i2mo- 
 
 " Ille qui Ilookeii ingentis ' Pollliam Ecclefiaflicam,' 
 " Ille qui Caroli Mmtyris Emoa j3ari7.iz>-,» 
 
 " (Voluiiiea quo poll Apocalypfin divinius nullum) 
 " Legavit orbi tie Latine redditas, 
 " Uc uterque unius fidei defenfor 
 " Patriain adliuc retineat majeftatem. 
 " Si ncmen ejus necdum tibi fuboleat, leftor, 
 " Nomen ejus, ut unguenta pretiofa, 
 " JOHANNES EARLE, EsoRACENsrs," &c. 
 
 (Injcriptiiin on Dr. Ear/e'i mo/iumeni in the clolr anJ cbancel of Merlon College.) 
 
 In " The Muf;B Anglicanx," Vol. I. p. 286, is a copy of elegant Latin verfes written by 
 him, on the return of the Prince from Spain; and we are informed by Lord Clarendon, that 
 he was an excellent poet, both in Latin, Greek, and Englifli. .
 
 2 70 THE LIFE OF 
 
 happy in knowing what hath been too long conliucd to the language of our 
 little ifiancl'. 
 
 There might be many more and juft occafions taken to Ipcak of his 
 books, wliich none ever did or can commend too much; but I decline 
 them, and haften to an account of his Chriftian behaviour and death at 
 Borne; in which place he continued his cuftomary rules ot mortification 
 and felf-denial; was much in falling, frequent in meditation and prayers; 
 enjoying thole blefl'ed returns, which only men of ftridl lives feel and know; 
 and of which men of loofe and godlefs lives cannot be made fenfible ; for 
 fpiritu.'i things are fpiritually dilccrned. 
 
 At his e.itrance into this place, his friendihip was much fought for by Dr. 
 Hadrian Saravia% then one of the prebendaries of Canterbury, a German 
 by birth, and fometimes a pallor both in Flanders and Holland, where he 
 
 had 
 
 '' This charadter of jNIr. Hooker's Works is confirmed by the approbation of our bcft writers. 
 Is it not then painful to read in a modern author, whofe learning and critical kn6\vledge de- 
 fcrve every encomium, of ' A malicious obfervation of Hooker, and as remote from truth as it is 
 from charity?' (See " IMenioirs of the Life of Gilbert Wakefield," p. 132,) 
 
 ' Dr. Hadrian Sar.ivia, the bofom friend of Wliitgift, as well as of Mr. Hooker, was of Spa- 
 niih extraction, and bom at Hedin in Artois. He was a minifter of the reformed church in 
 Holland. Having taken the degree of Doftor in Divinity at Leyden, he was afterward incor- 
 porated in the fame faculty at Oxford. He came into England in 1587 or 15S8. He hadfirft 
 removed himfelf to Jerfey, where he taught a fclicol, and preaclicd to his countrymen, who 
 vere exiles there. He was appointed mafter of the free-grammar fchool at Southampton, 
 where Mr. Nicholas Fuller, the moll renowned critic of his age, received his education princi- 
 pally under him. By htm alfo was educated Sir Thomas Lake, Secretary of State to King 
 James L who faid of him, " that he was a minifter of ftate fit to fervc the greateft prince 
 " in Europe." He M-as fuccefTively promoted to a prebend in the churches of Gloucelter, 
 Canterbury, and Weftminfter. He difplayed great learning in defence of Epifcopacy againft 
 Beza, when that divine, interfering with the ecclcfiaftical affairs of Scotland, advifeJ the chan- 
 cellor of that kingdom to abrogate Epifcopacy. He lived to the age of eighty-two years, and 
 died in 1612. In the infcription on his monument, in the Cathedral Church of Canterbury, 
 he is ftyled, " V^ir in omni iiterarum genere eximlus, pietate, probitate, gravitate, et fuavitatc 
 " morum infignis, fcriptis clarus, fide plenus, et bonis operibus dives valde." All his works 
 were publifiied in one volume, in 161 1. He muft have acquired a v£ry confiderable know- 
 ledge of the Engliili language, as we find his name in tlic firft clafs of tiiofe whom King 
 James L employed to make a new and more correct verfion of the Bible. (See " Strype's 
 Life of Whitgift," p. 422.)
 
 RICHARD HOOKER, 271 
 
 had ftudied and well confidered the controverted points concerning Epifco- 
 pacy and facrilege, and in England had a juft occafion to declare his judg- 
 ment concerning both, unto his brethren minifters in the Low Countries, 
 which was excepted againll by Theodore Beza and others ; againft whofe 
 exceptions he rejoined, and thereby became the happy author of many 
 learned tradts writ in Latin, efpecially of three ; one of the Degrees of Mi- 
 nifters', and of the Bifhops' Superiority above the Prefbytery ; a fecond 
 againft Sacrilege ; and a third of Chrlftian Obedience to Princes ; the laft 
 being occafioned by Gretzerus^, the Jefuit. And it is obfervable, that 
 when in a time of church tumults, Beza gave his reafons to the Chancellor 
 of Scotland for the abrogation of Epifcopacy in that nation, partly by 
 letters, and more fully in a treatife of a threefold Epifcopacy (which he calls 
 divine, human, and Satanical) : this Dr. Saravia had, by the help of Bifl^op 
 Whitgift, made fuch an early difcovery of their intentions, that he had al- 
 moft as foon anfwered that treatife as it became public ; and therein difco- 
 vered how Beza's opinion did contradidl: that of Calvin's and his adherents ; 
 leaving them to interfere with themfelves in point of Epifcopacy. But of 
 thefe tradls it will not concern me to fay more, than that they were moft 
 of them dedicated to his and the church of England's watchful patron, John 
 Whitgift, the archbifliop ; and printed about the year in which Mr. 
 Hooker alfo appeared firft to the world, in the publication of his four books 
 of " Ecclefiaftical Polity." 
 
 This friendfhip being fought for by this learned dodor, you may believe 
 was not denied by Mr. Hooker, who was by fortune fo like him as to be 
 
 engaged 
 
 ' I. " De dlverfis Graditus Miniflrorum Evangelii." 2. " De Honore Prnefulibus et Pref- 
 " byteris debito." 3. " De Sacrilegis et Sacrilegorum Poenis." The firft of thefe traits was 
 written againft thofe of the church of Geneva, who maintained the do£lrine of the equality of 
 the minifters of the gofpel and a ruling prefbytery. This and the other trails were alfo 
 printed in Englifti under thefe titles, viz. i. " Of the divers Degrees of the Minifters of tlie 
 '' Gofpel." 2. " Of the Honour which is due unto Priefts and Prelates of the Church." 
 3. " Of Sacrilege, and the Puniftiment thereof." 4. " Of Chriftian Obedience to Princes." 
 
 s A moft learned Jefuit, and the ablcft controvertift of his age. He read a courfc of theo- 
 logical lectures with great reputation at Ingolftad, where he died in 1625, aged 63 years. 
 His works were publiflicd at Ratilbon, in 17341 in thirteen volumes folio. ( Diclhtiaire 
 HjJhri'^ue.J
 
 iji THE LIFE OF 
 
 engaged againfl Mr. Travers, Mr. Cartwright, and others of their judg- 
 ment in a controverly too like Dr. Saravia's ; fo that in this year of 1595,. 
 and in this place of Bilhop's-Borne, thele two excellent perfons began a 
 holy friendfhip, incrcafing daily to fo high and mutual affections, that their 
 two wills feemed to be but one and the fame ; and dehgns both for the 
 glory of God, and peace of the church ; ftill affifting and improving each 
 other's virtues, and the defired comforts of a peaceable piety ; which I have 
 willingly mentioned, becaufe it gives a foundation to fome things that 
 follow. 
 
 This parfonage of Borne is from Canterbury three miles, and near to the 
 common road that leads frona that city to Dover ; in which parfonage Mr. 
 Hooker had not been twelve months, but his books, and the innocency and 
 fan£tity of his life became fo remarkable, that many turned out of the road, 
 and others (fcholars efpecially) went purpofely to fee the man, whofe life 
 and learning were fo much admired j and alas ! as our Saviour faid of St. 
 John Baptift, " What went they out to fee ! a man clothed in purple and 
 " fine linen ?" No, indeed ; but an obfcure harmlefs man ; a man in poor 
 clothes, his loins ufually girt in a coarfe gown, or canonical coat ; of a 
 mean ftature, and flooping, and yet more lowly in the thoughts of his foul : 
 his body worn out, not with age, but fludy and holy mortifications ; his 
 face full of heat-pimples, begot by his inaClivity and fedentary life''. And 
 to this true charafter of his perfon, let me add this of his difpoiition and 
 behaviour ; God and nature blelfed him with fo blefTed a balhfulnefs, that 
 as in his younger days his pupils might eafily look him out of coun- 
 tenance ; fo neither then,iior in his age, did he ever wiUingly look any man 
 in the face ; and was of fo mild and humble a nature, that his poor pariih- 
 clerk and he did never talk but with both their hats on, or both of!', at the 
 fame time ' j and to this may be added, that though he was not purblind ; 
 
 yet 
 
 '■ When Juftus LipCus had acquired great literary reputation, not by his elegant Latinity, 
 for his ftyle is full of alleviation, novelty, and conceit, but by his vaft and extenfive erudition, 
 feveral foreigners came from diftant countries to vifit him. They were much difappointed at 
 feeing him a plain man, mean in his behaviour, drefs, and converfation. ( Baylc s Dinionar^. ) 
 
 ' The ftrongeft adamant that draws our reverence and love to this excellent man is his 
 humility. He baniflicd from his bofom every appearance of that pride M-hich is invariably 
 incoufiftent with the virtuous chara^er.
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 273 
 
 yet he was fliort or wcak-fighted ; and where lie fixed his eyes at the be- 
 ginning of his fermon, there they continued till it was ended ; and the 
 reader has a liberty to believe that his modefty and dim-fight were fome of 
 the reafons why he trufted Mrs. Churchman to choofe a wife for him. 
 
 This parifh-clerk lived till the third or fourth year of the late Long Par- 
 liament ; betwixt which time and Mr. Hooker's death, there had come 
 many to fee the place of his burial, and the monument dedicated to his me- 
 mory by Sir William Cooper (who ftill lives) ; and the poor clerk had 
 many rewards for fhewing Mr. Hooker's grave-place and his faid monu- 
 ment, and did always hear Mr. Hooker mentioned with commendations 
 and reverence ; to all which he added his own knowledge and obfervations 
 of his humility and holinefs : in all which difcourfes the poor man was ftill 
 more confirmed in his opinion of Mr. Hooker's virtues and learning ; but 
 it fo fell out, that about the faid third or fourth year of the Long Parlia- 
 ment'', the prefent parfon of Borne was fequeftered (you may guefs why), 
 and a Genevian minifter put into his good living. This, and other like fe- 
 queftrations, made the clerk exprefs himfelf in a wonder, and fay, " They 
 *' had fequeftered fo many good men, that he doubted if his good mafter, 
 " Mr. Hooker, had lived till now, they would have fequeftered him too." 
 
 It was not long before this intruding minifter had made a party in and 
 about the faid parilh, that were defirous to receive the facrament as in Ge- 
 neva ; to which end the day was appointed for a feledt company, and 
 forms and ftools fet about the altar or communion-table for them to fit and 
 eat and drink ; but when they went about this work, there was a want of 
 fome joint-ftools, which the minifter fent the clerk to fetch, and then to 
 fetch cuftiions. When the clerk faw them begin to fit down, he began to 
 wonder ; but the minifter bade him " ceafe wondering and lock the chuixh- 
 ■" door;" To whom he replied, " Pray, take you the keys and lock me out, 
 
 R r "I will 
 
 '^ " Of thofe gre.it and wife men who compofcd this Parliament of 1641, and greater and 
 wifer, or more of them at one time, England never faw." (Preface to the Jirjl cdhloii cf the 
 Coiifejftciwl, p. xxviii.J 
 
 Thus has the author of " The Confeflional" charafterifed that Parliament, which involved 
 three endaved kingdoms in confufion and ruin; which, under the vain pretence of reformation, 
 deftroyed one of the bed of our kings, and laid wafte the cliurch of England ; that church, 
 which under God hath been long the ornament and fupport of the Protcftant religion.
 
 274 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " I will never come more into this church ; for all men will fay my Mafteu 
 " Hooker was a good man and a good fcholar, and I am furc it was not 
 *' ufed to be thus in his days :" And report fays, the old man went pre- 
 feritly home and died ; 1 do not fay died immediately, but witliin a few 
 days after'. 
 
 But let us leave this grateful clerk in his quiet grave, and return to Mr- 
 Hooker himfelf, continuing our obfervations of his Chriflian behaviour 
 in this place, where he gave a holy valedidlion to all the pleafures 
 and allurements of earth; pofTefTmg his foul in a virtuous quietnefs,. 
 which he maintained by conftant fludy, prayers, and meditations : his ufe 
 was to preach once every Sunday, and he or his curate to catechife after 
 the fecond leflbn in the evening prayer. Flis fermons were neither long nor 
 earneft, but uttered with a grave zeal and a humble voice : his eyes always 
 iixed on one place", to prevent his imagination from wandering ; infomuch 
 that he fecmed to ftudy as he fpake. The deiign of his fermons (as indeed, 
 of all his difcourfes) was to fliew reafons for vi'hat he fpake ; and with thefe 
 rcafons fuch a kind of rhetoric, as did rather convince and perfuade, than 
 frighten men into piety : ftudying not fo much for matter (which he ne- 
 ver wanted), as for apt illuftrations to inform and teach his unlearned, 
 hearers by familiar examples, and then make them better by convincing ap- 
 plications ; never labouring by hard words, and then by needlefs diftlndtions. 
 and fub-diilin£lions to amufe his hearers and get glory to himfelf, but glory 
 
 only 
 
 • Our biographer has lamented that it was not in his power to recover the name of Mr. 
 Hooker's worthy fchoolmafler. That of his grateful parifh-clerk was Sampfon Horton. It 
 appears from the parifli-regi flier of Bifliop's-Borne, that " Sampfon Horton was buried the 
 " pth of May 1648, an aged man, who had bin clarke to this pilh, by his own relationj 
 " threefcore yeares." 
 
 "" " He was," fays Dr. Gauden, " fo confident of the facred power and efficacy of the matter 
 he delivered, that he thought it needed no great fetting off: This made him fo far from any 
 life in his looks, gefliures, or pronunciations, that he preached like a living but fcarce moving 
 ftatue, his eyes flieadfaftly fixed on the fame place from the beginning to the end of his fermons, 
 his body unmoved, his tone much to an unifon, and very unemphatic ; fo varioufly doth God 
 diftribute his gifts." (Life of Hooker, p. 30.)
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 275 
 
 only to God. Which intention, he would often fay, " was as difcernible 
 ^' in a preacher, as an artificial from a natural beauty"." 
 
 He never failed the Sunday before every Ember-week to give notice of 
 it to his parifhioners, perfuading them both to faft, and then to double 
 their devotions for a learned and pious clergy, but efpecially for the laft ; 
 faying often, " that the life of a pious clergyman was vifible rhetoric, and 
 " fo convincing that the moft godlefs men (though they would not deny 
 " themfelves the enjoyment of their prefent lufts) did yet fecretly wifh 
 " themfelves like thofe of the ftridteft lives." And to what he perfuaded 
 others, he added his own example of fiifling and prayer; and did ufually, 
 every Ember-week, take from the parifh-clerk the key of the chiuxh-door, 
 into which place he retired every day, and locked himfelf up for many 
 hours ; and did the like moft Fridays, and other days of fading. 
 
 R r 2 Ho 
 
 " 111 the printed fermons of Mr. Hooker there are, hideed, many InRances of juft and ani- 
 mated application. In his difcourfe on " the Certainty and Perpetuity of Faitli in the Ele£t," 
 there are few who will not admire the following paflage : " It was not the meaning of our 
 " Lord and Saviour in faying, Father, keep them in thy name, that we fliould be carelefs to 
 " keep ourfelves. To our own fafety our own fedulity is required. And then blefled for 
 " ever and ever be that mother's child whofe faith hath made him the child of God. The 
 " earth may fliake, the pillars of the world may tremble under us ; the countenance of heaven 
 " may be appalled, the fun may lofc his light, the moon her beauty, the ftars their glory ; 
 " but concerning the man that trufted in God, if the fire have prpclaimed itfelf unable as 
 " much as to finge a hair of his head ; if lions, beaft-s ravenous by nature and keen with hun- 
 " gcr, being fct to devour, have, as it were, religioully adored the very flelh of the faithful 
 '• man ; what is there in the world that fliall change his heart, overthrow his faitk, alter his 
 " aft'ection towards God or the affcclion of God to him ? If I be of this note, who (lull make 
 " a reparation between me and my God ? Shall tribulation, or anguij}}, or perfecution, or famine, 
 " or nakednefs, or peril, orfivord? No : lam perfuaded, that neither tribulation, nor angui/Jj, nor 
 "perfecution, nor famine, nor nakednefs, nor peril, nor fivord, nor death, nor life, nor angels, nor 
 " principalities, nor powers, nor things prefent, nor things to come, nor height, ncr depth, nor any other 
 «< creature, pall ever prevail fo far over me : I know in whom I have believed,- I am not ignorant 
 '« wliofe precious blood hath been flied for me ; I have a fliepherd full of klndnefs, full of care, 
 «' and full of power -, unto him I commit myfelf ; his own finger hath engraven this fentencc 
 «< on the tables of my heart. Satan hath defred to winnow thee as wheat, but I have prayed that 
 « thy faith fail not: therefore the afl'urance of my hope I will labour to keep as a jewel. 
 ''• unto the end ; and by labour, through the gracious mediation of his prayer, I (hall keep it."
 
 276 THE LIFE OF 
 
 He would by no means omit the cuftomary time of proceflion, per- 
 fuading all, both rich and poor, if tliey defired the prefervation of love, and 
 their parilh-rights and liberties, to accompany him in his perambulation ; 
 and moll did fo : in which perambulation, he would ufually exprefs more 
 pleaflmt difcourfe than at other times, and would then always drop fome 
 loving and facetious obfervations to be remembered againft the next year, 
 efpecially by the boys and young people ; ftill inclining them, and all his 
 prefent parifliioners, to meeknefs and mutual kindnefles and love ; becaufe 
 " Love thinks not evil, but covers a multitude of infirmities"." 
 
 He was diligent to inquire who of his parifli were fick, or any way dif- 
 trefled, and would often vifit them unfent for ; fuppofmg that the fitted 
 time to difcover thofe errors, to which health and profperity had blinded 
 them. And having, by pious reafons and prayers, moulded them into holy 
 refolutions for the time to come, he would incline them to confeflion, and 
 bewailing their fms, with purpofe to forfake them, and then to receive the 
 communion, both as a ftrengthening of thofe holy refolutions ; and as a 
 feal betwixt God and them of his mercies to their fouls, in cafe that prefent 
 ficknefs did put a period to their lives. 
 
 And as he was thus watchful and charitable to the fick, fo he was dili- 
 gent to prevent law-fuits, ftill urging his parifliioners and neighbours to 
 bear with each other's infirmities, and live in love, becaufe (as St. John fays) 
 " he that lives in love lives in God ; for God is love." And to maintain 
 this holy fire of love, conftantly burning on the altar of a pure heart, his 
 advice was to ivatch and pray, and always keep themfelves fit to receive 
 the communion, and then to receive it often : for it was both a confirming 
 and a ftrengthening of their graces. This was his advice, and at his en- 
 trance or departure out of any houfe, he would ufually fpeak to the whole 
 
 family, 
 
 " It was among the injuiKfUons given by Queen Elizabeth in 1559, on the abolition of thofe 
 ceremonies, which attended the Popifli proceffions, " that the pavifliioncrs fliall once in the 
 *' year, at the time accuftomed, with the curate and the fubftantial men of the parifh, nvalJce 
 " about thepari/hes as they were accuftomed, and at their returne to the church make their com- 
 " mon prayers." Many reafons concur to evince the neceffity of reviving the cuftom of 
 holding thefe perambulations frequently and regularly. See in " The Book of Homilies," p. 
 314 (Oxford edit. 1683), an exhortation to be fpoken to fuch pariflies where they ufe their 
 perambulation in Rogation-v/eek for the overfight of the bounds and limits of their town.
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 277 
 
 family, and blefs them by name; infomuch, that as he feemed in his youth 
 to be taught of God, fo he feemed in this place to teach his precepts, as 
 Enoch did by walking with him in all holinefs and humility ; making each 
 day a ftep towards a blefled eternity, , And though in this weak and de- 
 clining age of the world, fucli examples are become barren, and almoft in- 
 credible ; yet let his memory be blefled with this true recordation, becaufe 
 he that praifes Richard Hooker praifes God, who hath given fuch gifts to 
 men ; and let this humble and affectionate relation of him become fuch a 
 pattern as may invite pofterity to imitate his virtues''. 
 
 This was his confliant behaviour at Borne ; thus as Enoch, fo he, walked 
 with God ; thus did he tread in the footfleps of primitive piety ; and yet, 
 as that great example of meeknefs and purity, even our blefled Jefus, was 
 not free from faUe accufations, no more was this difciple of his, this mofl: 
 humble, mofl: innocent, holy man. His was a flander parallel to that of 
 chafte Sufannah's by the wicked elders ; or that againil St. Athanafms'', as it 
 is recorded in his life (for that holy man had heretical enemies), and which 
 
 this 
 
 P We may furely apply to this good man tliefe lines of Mr. Cowley ; 
 
 -his harmlefs life 
 
 " Does with fubftantial bleflednefs abound, 
 
 " And the foft wings of Peace cover him round." • 
 
 The Editor of this "Work reads this defcription with inexprefliUe fatisfa^lioii, as it recalls to 
 his remembrance the chara(fl:er of a much-honoured parent, who, in the inftances of duty here 
 related, literally trod in the fteps of good Mr. Hooker; a bright example of primceval piety, 
 adorning all the acquirements of a fcholar and a divine with an unblemilhed fandlity of life 
 and manners. 
 
 " Nil me pceniteat fanum patrio hujus." ' Hor. 
 
 1 " Scribit Theodoretus (lib. I. cap. 3.)fubornatam ab Arianis mulierem poftulaflTe Athana- 
 *' fium illati fibi per vim ftupri, cum ilium fufcepilTet hofpitio. Cum igitur mulier in Atha- 
 " nafium fuas querelas proponeret, progrediens Timotheus Prefbyter, Egone, ait, tnu/ier, vim 
 " tibi etjltiprum iittuli ? Tum ipfa credens efle fibi ignotum Athanafium, convitiis facerdotem 
 " excipiens, rem praefraftiue afleverat, etjudicum fidem contra Timotheumobteftatur ad fc£- 
 ••^Icris vindiftam." (Notitia Conciliorum, is'c.p. 123.)
 
 'zyS THE LIFE OF 
 
 this age calls trepanning '. The particulars need not a repetition ; and that 
 it was falfe needs no other teftlmony than the public punifliment of his ac- 
 cufers, and their open confeffion of his innocency. It was faid, that the 
 acculation was contrived by a diflenting brother, one that endured not 
 church-ceremonies, hating him for his book's fake, which he was not able 
 to anfwer; and his name hath been told me ; but I have not fo much con- 
 fidence in the relation, as to make my pen fix a fcandal on him to pofterity ; 
 I fhall rather leave it doubtful till the great day of revelation. But this is 
 certain, that he lay under the great charge, and the anxiety of this accufli- 
 tion, and kept it fecret to himfelf for many months ; and, being a helplefs 
 man, had lain longer under this heavy burthen, but that the Protedor of 
 the innocent gave fuch an accidental occafion as forced him to make it 
 known to his two dear friends, Edwyn Sandys and George Cranmer, who 
 were fo fenfible of their tutor's fufferings, that they gave themfelves no reft, 
 till by their difquifitions and diligence they had found out the fraud, and 
 brought him the welcome news, that his accufers did confefs they had 
 wronged him, and begged his pardon : to which the good man's reply was 
 to this purpofe, " The Lord forgive them ; and the Lord blefs you for this 
 " comfortable news'. Now I have a juft occafion to fay with Solomon, 
 
 " Friends 
 
 ' " as It one eve 
 
 •' Upon the other were a fyy ; 
 *' That to irefan the one to think 
 " The other blind, both drove to blink." 
 
 (HuDiBRAS, Pari III, Canto. II. i/er. 3r6.) 
 
 " Trefann' J tht ftate, and fac'd it down, 
 
 " With plots and projefts of our own." W. -ver. S32. 
 
 « " A certain lewd v/oman came to his chamber, and folicited his charity under this cogent 
 argument, ' that if he fliould deny her, fhe would lay bafe attempts to his charge ;' and by this 
 means, at feveral times, (he had gotten money from htm •, until at lad Providence was pleafed 
 to concern itfelf for the righting wronged innocence. It fo fell out, that this woman came to 
 him when his two dear friends Mr. Sandys and Mr. Cranmer were with him : wondering to 
 fee fuch a perfon come with fo much confidence, they inquired of their tutor the occafion of 
 h, who in a little time tells them the truth of the whole abufe. Upon which they contrive a 
 way to be prefent in his chamber, where they might hear the whole difcourfe at her next 
 
 coming.
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. ayc^ 
 
 ** Friends are born for the days of adverftty, and fuch you have proved to 
 " me : and to my God I fay, as did the mother of St. John Baptift, Thus 
 " hath the Lord dealt -with me, in the day wherein he looked upon me, to take 
 " away my reproach among men. And, O my God, neither my hfe, nor 
 " my reputation are fafe in mine ov^n keeping, but in thine, who didft take 
 " care of me when I yet hanged on my mother's breaft. Bleffed are they 
 " that put their truft in thee, O Lord ; for when falfe witnefles were rifen 
 " up againft me ; when fhame was ready to cover my face ; when I was 
 " bowed down with an horrible dread, and went mourning all the day 
 " long ; when my nights were reftlefs, and my flceps broken with a fear 
 " worfe than death ; when my foul thirfted for a delivei-ance, as the hart 
 " panteth for the rivers of water ; then thou, Lord, didft hear my com- 
 " plaints, pity my condition, and art now become my deliverer ; and as 
 " long as I live I will hold up my hands in this manner, and magnify thy 
 " mercies, who didft not give me over as a prey to mine enemies. O 
 " blefTcd are they that put their truft in thee ; and no profperity fhall make 
 " me forget thofe days of forrows, or to perform thofe vows that I have 
 " made to thee in the days of my fears and afflidlion ; for with fuch facri- 
 " fices thou, O God, art well pleafed ; and I will pay them." 
 
 Thus did the joy and gratitude of this good man's heart break forth ; and 
 it is obfervable, that as the invitation to this flander was his meek behaviour 
 and dove-like fnnplicity, for which he was remarkable; fo his Chriftian 
 charity ought to be imitated. For though the fpirit of revenge is fo pleafing 
 to mankind, that it is never conquered but by a lupernatural grace, being in- 
 deed fo deeply rooted in human nature, that to prevent the exceifes of it 
 (for men would not know moderation), Almighty God allows not any de- 
 gree of it to any man, but fays, " Vengeance is mine :" and though this 
 be faid by God himfelf, yet this revenge is fo pleaiing, that man is hardly 
 
 per- 
 
 comin.g. An opportunity foon offered, and the lewd woman perfifling in her threats of laying 
 ill things to his charge, if flie was denied what flie came for, money, his two friends fteppcd 
 forth from behind the curtains to her confufiou and the fliame of thofe who had employed 
 her in fo vile an action ; for his flanderers were punifhed for this their vile attempt, who at 
 their fuffering fhewed a penitent behaviour, and made an open confeffion." (Prime's Wor- 
 tkiay ^c. p. 396.)
 
 28o THE LIFE OF 
 
 perfuaded to fubmit the manage of it to the time, and juftlce, and wifdom 
 of his Creator, but would haftcn to be own executioner of it. And yet, ne- 
 verthelefs, if any man ever did wholly decline, and leave this pleafing paf- 
 fion to the time and meafm-e of God alone, it was this Richard Hooker, 
 of whom I write : for when his flanderers were to fuffer, he laboured to 
 procure their pardon ; and when that was denied him, his reply was, 
 *' That, however, he would faft and pray, that God would give them re- 
 *' pentance and patience to undergo their punifhment. And his prayers 
 were fo far returned into his own bofom, that the firfl was granted, if we 
 may believe a penitent behaviour, and an open confeflion. And it is 
 obfervable, that after this time he would often fay to Dr. Saravia, " O with 
 ** what quietnefs did I enjoy my foul, after I was free from the fears of my 
 " flander ! And how much more after a conflid and vidory over my de- 
 " fires of revenge'." 
 
 In the year 1600, and of his age forty-fix, he fell into a long and fharp 
 ficknefs, occafioned by a cold taken in his paffage betwixt London and 
 Gravefend, from the malignity of which, he was never recovered ; for 
 till his death, he was not free from thoughtful days and reftlefs nights; 
 but a fubmiflion to his will that makes the fick man's bed eafy, by giving 
 reft to his foul, made his very languifliment comfortable ; and yet all this 
 time he was folicltous in his fludy, and faid often to Dr. Saravia (who faw 
 him dally, and was the chief comfort of his life,) " That he did not beg a 
 " long life of God, for any other reafon, but to live to finifli his three re- 
 *' maining books of Polity ; and then, Lord, let thy fervant depart in 
 *' peace";" which was his ufual expreffion. And God heard his prayers, 
 though he denied the benefit of them as completed by himfelf ; and it is 
 thought he haftened his own death, by haftening to give life to books. 
 
 But 
 
 ' " When an unworthy afperfion was caft on Mr. Hooker — (If Chrifl; was daflit, fhall 
 Chriftians efcape in their journey to heaven ?) — Mr. Travers being a(ked of a private friend 
 what he thought of the truth of the accufation ? ** In truth" faid he, " / take Mr. Hooker to be 
 " a holy man." A fpeech which, coming from an adverfary, founds no lefs to the commendation 
 of his charity who fpoke it, than to the praife of his piety of whom it was fpoken." (Fuller.) 
 
 " How different this from the application of the fame words by Hugh Peters, and by an 
 advocate for political reform in later times !
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 281 
 
 But this is certain, that the nearer he was to his death, the more he grew 
 in humility, in holy thoughts, and refolutions. 
 
 About a month before his death, this good man, that never knew, or at 
 leaft never confidered the plcafures of the palate, became firft to lofe his ap- 
 petite, and then to have an averfenefs to all food, inlbmuch, that he feemed 
 to live fome intermitted weeks by the fmell of meat only, and yet ftill ftu- 
 dicd and wrote. And now his guardian angel feemed to foretel him, that 
 his years were pafl away as a Ihadow, bidding him prepare to follow the ge- 
 neration of his fathers, for the day of his diflblution drew near ; for which 
 his vigorous foul appeared to thirft\ 
 
 In this time of his fickncfs, and not many days before his death, his houfe • 
 was robbed ; of which he having notice, his queftion was, " Are my books 
 " and written papers fafe ?' and being anfwercd that they were, his reply 
 was, " Then it matters not, for no other lofs can trouble me." 
 
 About one day before his death, Br, Saravia, who knew the very fecrets 
 of his foul (for they were fuppofed to be confeflbrs to each other), came to 
 Mm, and after a conference of the benefit, the neceflity,; and fafety of the 
 church's abfolution, it was refolved the dodtor fliould give him both that 
 and the facrament the day following. To which end the dodlor came, and 
 after a fhort retirement and privacy, they returned to the company ; and then 
 the doctor gave him and fome of thofe friends that were with him the blefled 
 facrament of the body and blood of our Lord Jefus. Which being performed, 
 the dodlor thought he faw a reverend gaiety and joy in his face ; but it lafted 
 not long ; for his bodily infirmities did return fuddenly, and became more 
 vifible ; infomuch, that the dodtor apprehended death ready to feize him : 
 yet, after fome amendment, left him at night, with a promife to return 
 arly the day following ; which he did, and then found him better in ap- 
 
 S s pearance, 
 
 * " The chamber where the good man meets his fate 
 " Is privileged beyond the common walk 
 " Of virtuous life, quite in the verge of heaven. 
 *' Fly, ye profane '. if not, draw near with awe, 
 " Receive the bleffing, and adore the chance 
 " That threw in this Bethefda your difeafe ; 
 " If unreflor'd by this, defpair your curt. 
 
 (Young's Nisil Tleugbli.)
 
 o3i THE LIFE OF 
 
 pcarance, deep in contemplation, and not inclinable to diicouiTe ; which 
 gave the doctor occalion to inquire his prelent thoughts : to wliich he re- 
 plied, " I'hat he was meditating the number and nature of angels % and 
 " their bleffed obedience and order, without which, peace could not be in 
 " heaven ; and oh ! that it might be fo on earth !" After which words, he 
 faid, " I have lived to fee this world is made up of perturbations, and I 
 " have been long preparing to leave it, and gathering comfort for the dread- 
 *' ful hour of making my account with God, which I now apprehend to be 
 " near : And though I have by his grace loved him in my youth, and feared 
 " him in mine age, and laboured to have a confcience void of offence to 
 " him, and to all men ; yet if thou, O Lord, be extreme to mark what I 
 " have done amifs, who can abide it ? And, therefore, where I have failed, 
 " Lord, flicvv mercy to me ; for I plead not my righteoufnefs, but the for- 
 " givenefs of my unrighteoufnefs, for his merits who died to purchafe a 
 " pardon for penitent fmners. And fince I owe thee a death. Lord, let it 
 *' not be terrible, and then take thine own time ; I fubmit to it ! Let not 
 " mine, O Lord, but let thy will be done!" With which expreffion he 
 fell into a dangerous flumber ; dangerous as to his recovery ; yet recover 
 he did, but it was to fpeak only thefe few words : " Good doctor, God 
 " hath heard my daily petitions ; for I am at peace with all men, and he 
 " is at peace with me ; and from which bleffed affurance, I feel that inward 
 *' joy which this world can neither give nor take from me." More he 
 would have fpoken, but his fpirits failed him ; and, after a fhort conflid: 
 betwixt nature and death, a quiet figh put a period to his Lift breath, and 
 fo he fell afleep '. 
 
 And 
 
 » That Mr. Hooker in the full vigour of his unJerflanding did lift up his e>'es as it were 
 from the footftool to the throne of God to confider the ftate of heavenly and divine creatures, 
 fee " Ecclef. Polity," B. I. §. iv. " The fubjeft which engaged Mr. Hooker"^ dying thoughts 
 " ought conftantly to engage our living ones ; fince in the prayer compofed and delivered out 
 " to his difciples by our Lord and Saviour, the obedience of the angels is propofed as the pat- 
 " tern to be imitated by us, as the copy after which we fhould diligently write, T/^y ivill be 
 " done on earth as it is in heaven." ( Bijhop Home's Sermons, Vol. IF. p. 322.) 
 
 ^ He died Nov. 2, i6co. Thus the day of his deathwas noted by Archbifliop Laud, in the 
 title-page of his copy of " The Ecclefiaftical Polity."
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 283 
 
 And here I draw his curtain, till with the mofl: glorious company of the 
 patriarchs and apoftles, the moft noble army of martyrs and confeflbrs, this 
 moft learned, mofl: humble, holy man, fhall alfo awake to receive an eternal 
 tranquillity, and with it a greater degree of glory than common Chriflians 
 fliall be made partakers of. In the mean time, Blefs^ Lord ! Lord, blefs 
 his brethren, the clergy of this nation, ivith ardent defires, and effcElual en- 
 deavours to attain, if not to his great learning, yet to his remarkable meeknefs, 
 his godly fnnplicity, and his Chri/lian moderation : for thefc are praife-ivorthy; 
 thefe bring peace at the lafl! And let the labours of his life, his mofl excellent 
 writings, be blcffed with what he defigned when he undertook them : which 
 was glory to thee, God on high, peace in thy church, and good will to man- 
 kind. Amen, Amen, 
 
 S s 2 APPENDIX
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 TO THE LIFE OF MR. RICHARD HOOKER. 
 
 AND now having by a long and laborious fearch fatisfied myfelf, and, I 
 hope, my reader, by imparting to him the true relation of Mr. 
 Hooker's life ; I am defirous alfo to acq-uaint him with fonie obfervations 
 that relate to it, and which could not properly fall tt. be ' fpoken till after 
 his death, of which my reader may exped a brief and true account in the 
 following Appendix. 
 
 And firft, it is not to be doubted but that he died in the forty-feventh, If 
 not in the forty-fixth year of his age ; which I mention, becaufe many have 
 believed him to be more aged ; but I have fo examined it, as to be confident, 
 I miftake not; and for the year of his death, Mr. Camden, who in his 
 *' Annals of Queen Elizabeth," 1599, mentions him with a high com- 
 mendation of his life and learning, declares him to die in the year 1599; 
 and yet in that infcription of his monument % fet up at the charge of Sir 
 
 William 
 
 * The following is an accurate copy of the infcription on Mr Hooker's monument : 
 
 SUNT MELIORA MIHI. 
 RICHARDUS HOOKER EXONIENSIS SCHOLARIS SOCIUSQ^ COLLEGII CORP. 
 XTII OXON : DEINDE LONDINIIS TEMPLI INTERIORIS IN SACRIS MAGI- 
 STER RECTORQj^ HUJUS ECCLiE. SCRIPSIT VIII LIBROS POLITIC ECCLE- 
 SIASTICiE ANGLICANS, QUORUM TRES DESIDERANTUR. OBIIT AN" 
 DOM". MDC ^TATIS SVM L. iij 
 
 POSUIT HOC PIISIMO VIRO MONUMENTUM AN° DOM. MDCXXXIII. GULI- 
 ELMUS COWPER ARMIGERIN CHRISTO.JESU QUEM GENTTIT PER EVAN- 
 
 GELIUM. iCor.iv.ii. 
 
 Sir
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 285 
 
 William Cooper in Borne church, where Mr. Hooker was buried, his death 
 is faid to be anno 1603, but doubtlcfs both are miftaken ; for I have it at- 
 tefted under the hand of William Somner the archbifliop's regiftcr for the 
 province of Canterbury, that Richard Hooker's will bears date October the 
 26th in anno 1600, and that it was proved the third of December fol- 
 lowing ^ And this attefted alfo, that at his death he left four daughters, 
 
 Alice, 
 
 Sir William Cowper, who erected diis monument, was the great grandfather of William, 
 the firft Earl Cowper, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. He was created firfl: a Baro- 
 net of Nova Scotia, and afterward a Baronet of England in 1641. He fufFered imprifonment, 
 the lofs of his fon, and other great calamities, for his fidelity to Charles I. He outlived all 
 his troubles, refiding at his caftle of Hertford, and famed for his hofpitality, charity, and other 
 Chriftian virtues, often vifiting his poor neighbours at their houfes, and relieving them in 
 private according to their neceffities. 
 
 * The following is extradled from the regiftry of the archdeacon's court of Canterbury. 
 
 31n tljc name of (Koti amen 'HW fij;c anU ttocnti'ctlj of C^ttobcr in tfte pcarc of otic 
 HojlJ one tljoiifanO anO fi;t:e IjunCceti 3 Eicljarti li^ookcr of BifljjpeiJbojne tljjugl) Qclic 
 in lionpe pet Cotintie in minUc tljankcjs be ttnto aUmigljtpc (FoU Doc ojliafnc anO make 
 tljisf mj laft toi'll anO rertament in manner anU fomic foUotoin^e ificft 3 bcqtictlj 
 mp fotile unto SUmiffljtn (Eolimp cccatoj Ijopintjc affurcDlp of mo faltiation pur-- 
 ttafcli tljojoufft) tlje Deatlj of Ctiritt Jcfutf anti mp boDpc to rljc cai'tlj ro be bucicU at 
 ttjc Difcrcrion of mine c];ecuto? item 3 gibe anli bcquerlj unto mv uauijljtcr ;aiice 
 1i}ookec one IjunDceb poiintiis of latofiiH Cngliilje monev ro be paibc imto Ijcr at tljc Dare 
 of tjcc marciaoie item 31 gibe anb beqaerl) unto mv bautjljtcr Cicilpe li^ookc: one !)un= 
 brcb pounbjJ of latofulCnffliilje monepto be paibimto tfcat tbc bapc off)cr macriaije 
 Item 31 ffitje anb bequctljc unto mp bauffljter Jane llsookec one Ijunbccb ponnb0 of lato-- 
 ful (Engliftje moncp to be paib unro Ijrr at ttie bay of Ijec marriage item 31 gibe unto 
 mv bfluffijtec Sl5acprct lijookecone Ijunbcrt pounbjJ of latoful dcngliflje moncvc to be 
 paibunto Ijec nttljc bav of !)er marn'affc flnb if it ilball Ijappen anp of mj? faib baitgi): 
 tersi to bcparte tljijs life befoje rljc bnpc of rljrir faib marriage tljcn 3j Voill tljat Ijc.c 
 oj tljcir poition Co bieinge (Ijal be equallw WoiHtH amongc tier 0? rljeic firtcrcf furbibingc 
 Item 3! gibe anb brquctljunro tije pooj of tlje pii^jc of :25aclja fitje potmb^s oflatofttl 
 moncp to be paib imto tljem bp nunc c.cccuroj hem 3j ^\\iz unto rljc pooic of rlje pitije 
 of :6iil)opei3bojnc fifrpc fl^iUmga of latofull i£ugli(t)e moncp ro be paib unto rljrm bv 
 mine ccecutoj item 3 gilie anb brquctlj tijjcc pounbiX of latouil (Sngliilje monrp ro"= 
 toarbsj rljc biiilbinge anb maKcing of a ncVoc anb fuffilcicnt pulpcrt in tlje pu\)e cljtirc^ 
 
 of
 
 286 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Alice, Cicily, Jane, and Margaret ; that he gave to each of them a hundred 
 pounds ; that he left Joane his wife his fole executrix ; and that by his in- 
 ventory his eftate (a great part of it being in books) came to 1092I. gs. 2d. 
 \vhich was much more than he thought himfelf worth ; and which was not 
 got by his care, much lefs by the good houfewifery of his wife, but faved 
 by his trufty fervant Thomas Lane, that was wifer than his mafter in get- 
 ting money for him, and more frugal than his miftrefs in keeping it : of 
 which will I fhali fay no more, but that his dear friend Thomas, the father 
 of George Cranmer, of whom I have fpokcn, and fhall have occafion to 
 fay more, was one of the witnefles to it. 
 
 One of his elder daughters was married to one Chalinor, fomctime a 
 fchoolmafter in Chichefter, and both dead long fmce. Margaret, his youngefl: 
 daughter, was married unto Ezekiel Clark, bachelor in divinity, and re(5tor 
 of St. Nicholas in Harbledown near Canterbury, who died about fixteen 
 years pad, and had a fon Ezekiel, now living and in facred orders, being at 
 this time Re£tor of Waldron in Suffex ; fhe left alio a daughter, with both 
 whom I have fpoken not many months paft, and find her to be a widow in 
 a condition that wants not, but far from abounding ; and thefe two attefted 
 unto me, that Richard Hooker, their grandfather, had a fifter, by name Eli- 
 zabeth Harvey, that lived to the age of one hundred and twenty-one years, 
 and died in the month of September, 1663. 
 
 For 
 
 of Siff)opc0bo?nE 'SElje rcnouc of gooUsJ ana cljattelliS toljatfoctictr unbequetljeti mp fu-- 
 nccal Dcbrc! anti Icffatics CiTdjarfftO auU paili J gibe unto 3ioanc liookcc mp tofl= 
 licloliro toifc toljom 31 ojDaine ani3 mafee folc cjctutoj of tlji-j mp lalt toill anti t£l!amcnt 
 anO 31 ojUaiue anti mcikt mj? totlbclotjci) fatl)cc aSc. 3i0\)n Cljurcljniaa anJi iiiw 
 affiii'ct) poD fceiiijc Q^r. (Blitom »»aaticg( mg obecCecrsJ 75^ ntc EtttjacD li^oolicf 
 S)ealcti aiiD UcUbercQ in fl)c pjcfetice of tljefc toljofc namt^ ace CubCcrlljEO Eoliert 
 Eofe aDanifl ,^j5tcl)olqi aterp Cljcfton. II- 
 
 i^toljcn tlj£_tljirti Daw of 3DecemlieL- 1600, befoje t^c EetjercnO 3|ames Siffcl 
 Clerk feutrare to ilclitJ. uPcojiie iPctoniaii 3Do(toj of %aVos( Commfffarv 
 iBencral of tlje cit? anlJ Diotcfe of Cantecbiu'H b;^ tijc oatlj of 3oanc ll^ookcc 
 toiDoto tljc rcliit anU Cole cjrccutvi^ namcti in. tl)e faiD toill, ft. 
 
 £• s. d. Tuo'. BjcKiiousr, Regidrr.r. 
 
 In' 1092 9 2 
 
 Ex* Wm. Cl'LI.EN.
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 287 
 
 For his other two daughters I can learn little certainty, but have heard 
 they both died before they were marriageable ; and for his wife flie was fo 
 unlike Jcphtha's daughter, that fhe (laid not a comely time to bewail her wi- 
 dowhood ; nor lived long enough to repent her fecond marriage; for which 
 doubtlefs fhe would have found caufe, if there had been but four montlis 
 betwixt Mr. Hooker's and her death. But fhe is dead, and let her other 
 infirmities be buried with her. 
 
 Thus much briefly for his age, the year of his death, his eftate, his wife 
 and his children : I am next to fpeak of his books, concerning which I 
 fhall have a necefTity of being longer, or fhall neither do right to myfelf or 
 my reader, which is chiefly intended in this Appendix. 
 
 I have declared in his Life, that he propofed eight books, and that his firfl 
 four were printed anno 1594, and his fifth book firfl: printed, and alone, 
 anno ^597, and that he lived to finifh the remaining three of the propofed 
 eight ; but whether we have the laft three as finiihed by himfelf, is a juft 
 and material queftion ; concerning which I do declare, that I have been 
 told almofl forty years pafl, by one that very well knew Mr. Hooker, and 
 the affairs of his family, that about a month after the death of Mr. Hooker, 
 Bifliop Whitgift, then Archbifhop of Canterbury, fent one of his chaplains 
 to inquire of Mrs. Hooker for the three remaining books of Polity, writ by 
 her hufband ; of which fhe would not or could not give any account ; and 
 1 have been told, that about three months after the bifhop procured her to 
 be fent for to London, and then by his procurement flie was to be ex- 
 amined by fome of-her Majeffy's Council, concerning the difpofal of thofe 
 books ; but by way of preparation for the next day's examination, the bi- 
 fliop invited her to Lambeth ; and, after fome friendly queflions, iheconfef- 
 fcd to him, " that one Mr. Chark% and another minifter that dwelt near Can- 
 terbury, 
 
 •^ This could not be Mr. Ezekiel Cbark, B. D. who married Marg.irct, the younjed daugh- 
 ter of Mr. Hooker. The perfon here meant was probably Mr. Wiiiiam Charke, a noted pu- 
 ritan, deprived of his fello-.vfliip at Peterhoufe in the univerfiry of Cambridge, anJ banilhed 
 from the univerfity for haA-ing aflerted in a Latin fermon, preached at St. Mary's, Dec. 3, i572» 
 " that the ftates of bifhops, archbifiiops, metropolitans (patriarchs), and lailly of popes, were 
 " introduced into the church by Satan ; and that among the miniftcrs of the church one ought 
 " not to be fupcrior to another." (Strypes Whitgift, p. 43.)
 
 cS8 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " tcrbui y, came to her, and defired that they might go hito her hufband's 
 " ftiidy, and look upon fome of his writings ; and that there they two 
 " burnt and tore many cf them, afluring her, that they, were writings not 
 " fit to be feen, and that flie knew nothing more concerning them." Her 
 lodging was then in King-ftreet, in Weftminfter, where flie was found next 
 morning, dead in her bed, and her new hufband fufpeded and queflioned 
 for it ; but was declared innocent of her death. 
 
 And I declare alfo, that Dr. John Spencer (mentioned in the Life of Mr. 
 Hooker) who was of Mr. Hooker's college, and of his time there ; and be- 
 twixt whom there was fo friendly a friendfhip, that they continually ad- 
 vifed together in all their ftudies, and particularly in what concerned thefe 
 books of Polity : This Dr. Spencer (the three firft books being loft) had 
 delivered into his hands (I think by Bifhop Whitgift) the imperfeft books, 
 or firft rough draughts of them, to be made as perfedl as they might be, 
 by lilm, who both knew Mr. Hooker's hand-writing, and was beft ac- 
 quainted with his intentions. A fair teftimony of this may appear by an 
 epiftle firft and ufually printed before Mr. Hooker's five books (but omit- 
 ted, I know not why, in the laft impreffion of the eight printed together in 
 anno 1662, in which the publiftiers feem to impofe the three doubtful, as 
 the undoubted books of Mr. Hooker) with thefe two letters J. S. at the 
 end of the faid epiftle, which was meant for this John Spencer ; in which 
 epiftle the reader may find thefe very words, which may give fome autho- 
 rity to what I have here written. 
 
 " And though Mr. Hooker haftened his own death by haftening to give 
 " life to his books, yet he held out with his eyes to behold thefe Benjamins, 
 " thefe fons of his right hand, though to him they proved Betto/iies^ fons of 
 " pain and forrow : but fome evil-difpofed minds, whether of malice or 
 " covetoufnefSjOr wicked blind zeal, it is uncertain, as foon as they were born, 
 " and their father dead, fmothered them ; and, by conveying the perfect co- 
 " pies, left unto us nothing but the old, imperfeft, mangled draughts, dif- 
 *' membered into pieces : no favour, no grace, not the ftiadow of themfelves 
 " remaining in them. Had the father lived to behold them thus defaced, 
 " he might rightly have named them Bctioiiies^ the fons of forrow ; but 
 " being the learned will not fuffer them to die and be buried, it is intended 
 
 " the
 
 RICHAPvD HOOKER. 289 
 
 " the world Ihall fee them as they are : the learned will find in them fomc 
 " fliadows and refemblances of their father's face. God grant, that as they 
 " were with their brethren dedicated to the church for meflengers of peace, 
 " fo, in the ftrength^of that little breath of life that remaineth in them, 
 " they may profper in their work, and that, by fatisfying the doubts of fuch 
 " as are willing to learn, they may help to give an end to the calamities of 
 " thefe our civil wars ! 
 
 "J. S." 
 
 And next the reader may note, that this cpiftle of Dr. Spencer's was 
 writ, and firft printed within four years after the death of Mr. Hooker, in 
 which time all diligent fearch had been made for the perfect copies ; and 
 then granted not recoverable, and therefore endeavoured to be completed 
 out of Mr, Hooker's rough draughts, as is exprefled by the faid Dr. Spen- 
 cer, fmce whofe death it is now fifty years. 
 
 And I do profefs, by the faith of a Chriftian, that Dr. Spencer's wife 
 (who was my aunt, and filler to George Cranmer, of whom I have fpoken) 
 told m.e forty years fmce, in thefe, or in words to this purpofe, " that her 
 " hufband had made up or finilhed Mr. Hooker's laft three books ; and 
 " that upon her hulband's death-bed, or in his laft ficknefs, he gave them 
 " into her hand, with a charge they Ihould not be feen by any man, but be 
 " by her delivered into the hands of the then archbifhop of Canterbury, 
 " which was Dr. Abbot, or unto Dr. King, Bifhop of London ; and that 
 " fhe did as he enjoined her." 
 
 I do conceive, that from Dr. Spencer's and no other copy, there have 
 been divers tranfcripts, and were to be found in feveral places, as namely, 
 in Sir Thomas Bodlie's library, in that of Dr. Andrev^^'s late Bifliop of 
 Winton, in the late Lord Conway's, in the Archbifliop of Canterbury's, 
 and in the Bifhop of Armagh's, and in many others ; and moft of thefe pre- 
 tended to be the author's own hand, being much difagrceing ; being, in- 
 deed, altered and diminifhed, as men have thought fitteft to make Mr. 
 Hooker's judgment fuit with their fancies or give authority to their cor- 
 rupt defigns ; and, for proof of a part of this, take thefe following teftimo- 
 nies : 
 
 T t Dr.
 
 290 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Dr. Barnard, fometime chaplain to Dr. Uflier, late Lord Archblfhop of 
 Armagli, hath declared in a late book, called " Clavi Trabales''," printed by 
 Rich. Hodgkinfon, anno i 661, that, in his fearch and examination of the faiit 
 bifhop's manufcripts, he there found the three writtgn books, which were 
 the fuppofed fixth, feventh, and eighth, of Mr. Hooker's books of" Ecole- 
 *' fiaftical Polity ;" and that, in the fiild three books (now printed as Mr. 
 Hooker's), there are fo many omiflions that they amount to many para- 
 graphs ; and which caufe many incoherencies ; the omiflions are by him 
 fet down at large in the faid printed book, to which I refer the reader for 
 the whole ; but think fit in this place to infert this following fhort part of 
 them : 
 
 " Firft, As there could be in natural bodies no motion of any thing, un- 
 *' lefs there were fome firft which moved all things, and continued unmove- 
 " able; even fo in politic focieties there muft be fomeunpunifl^able, or clfe 
 " no man fhall fuffer punifliment ; for, fith punilhmcnts proceed always 
 "from fuperiors, to whom the adminiftration of juftice belongcth, which 
 *' adminiftration muft have neceflarily a fountain that deriveth it to all 
 *' others, and receiveth not from any, becaufe otherwife the courfc of juf- 
 " tice fhould go infinitely in a circle, every fuperior having his fuperior 
 " without end, which cannot be, therefore, a well fpri.ng ; it foUoweth, 
 " there is a fuprcme head of juftice whereunto all are fubjedl, but itfelf in 
 " fubjedion to none. Which kind of pre-eminency if fome ought to have 
 " in a kingdom, who but the King fliall have it ? Kings, therefore, or no 
 " man, can have lawful power to judge. 
 
 *' If private men offend, there is the magiftrate over them which judgeth ; 
 *' if magiftrates, they have their prince; if princes, there is Heaven, a tribu- 
 
 " nal, 
 
 " Or, " Nails faftciied by fome great Mafters of Aflemblies," &c. publiflied by Nich. Ber- 
 nard, D. D. London, 1661. It is a collection made by Archblfhop Uflier of tradts written by 
 liimfelf, Mr. Richard Hooker, Dr. Lancelot Andrews, Adrian Saravia, &c. with a preface by 
 Bifliop Sanderfon. This volume contains the Lord Primate's Original of Bifliops and Metropo- 
 politans ; wherein he proves from Scripture, as alfo from the moft ancient writings and mo- 
 numents of the church, that they owe their original to no lefs authority than that of the 
 apoftlesj fo that there never was any Chriflian church founded in the primitive times without 
 bifliops : which difcourfe was not then, nor perhaps ever will be, anfwered by thofe of a 
 contrary judgment. fSee Dr. Parr's Life of ArchhiJl:op Uflier, p. 41 .)
 
 RICHARD HOOKER, ,gi 
 
 '' nal, before which tlicy fliall appear ; on carih ihcy are not accountable to 
 " any." ' Here,' fays the docHior, ' it breaks off abruptly.' 
 
 And 1 have thefc words aUb attclled under the hand of Mr. Fabian Phi- 
 lips% a man of note for his ufeful books : 
 
 " I will make oath if I flnall be required, that Dr. Sanderfon the late Di- 
 " fhop of Lincoln did, a little before his death, affirm to me he had feen a 
 " manufcript, affirmed to him to be the hand-writing of Mr. Richard 
 *' Hooker, in which there was no mention made of the king or fupremc 
 " governors being accountable to the people ; this I will make oath that 
 *' that good man attefted to mc. Fabian Philips." 
 
 So that tlierc appears to be both oiniffions and additions in the faid laft 
 three printed books ; and this may probably be one reafon why Dr. San- 
 derfon, the faid learned bilTiop (whofe writings are fo highly and juftly 
 valued), gave a ftria charge near the time of his death, or in his lafl: will, 
 " that nothing of his, that was not already printed, (hould be printed after 
 " his death." 
 
 It is well "known how high a value our learned King James put upon 
 the books writ by Mr. Hooker, as alfo that our late King Charles (the mar- 
 tyr for the church) valued them the fecond of all books, teftificd by his com- 
 mending them to the reading of his fon Charles', that now is our gracious 
 
 Tt2 King; 
 
 «^ A barrifter of fome eminence in his profeffion, and noted for his loyairy. From his dili- 
 gent fearch of records and papers depofited in the public ofTices, he obtained a mofl extenfivc 
 knowledge of the hiftory and antiquities of England. When the bill for taking away the te- 
 nures was depending in Parliament, he publiflied a work highly valued by profefiional rOaders • 
 «« Tenenda non Tollenda ; or, the NeceiTity of preferving Tenures in Capite," &c. London'. 
 
 1660. 4to. He was alfo the author of " Veritas InconculTa ; or, a mod certain Truth af- 
 
 " ferted, tliat King Charles I. was no Man of Blood, but a Martyr for his People." He con- 
 cludes this trael: with the following extraordinary paffage : " The Seavcrn, Thames, Trent and 
 " Humber, four of the greatefl rivers of the kingdom, with all their lelTer running ftreams of 
 " the ifland in their continual courfes, and thofe huge heaps of water in the ocean and "irdie 
 " of Tt, in their reftlefs agitations, will never be able to fcour and waih away the guilt and llaiii 
 " of it (the King's death), though all the rains which the clouds (liall ever bring forth ami im- 
 " part to this nation, and the tears of thofe that bewail the lofs of a King of fo eminent graces 
 " and perfedion (liall be added to it." 
 
 f Dr. Gaudcn in his Dedication of Mr. Hooker's "Works to Charles II. thu5 addrofTes the 
 King ; " I fliall need nothing more to ingratiate thio incomparable piece to your M.ijcily's ac-' 
 
 " co]itanc<:
 
 292 THE LIFE OF 
 
 King; and you may fuppofc that this Chatles I. was not a ftranger to the pre- 
 tended three books, becaufc in a difcourre with the Lord Say*, when the faid 
 lord required the King to grant the truth of his argument, becaufe it was the 
 judgment of Mr. Hooker (quoting him in one of the three written books), 
 the King replied, " they were not allowed to be Mr. Hooker's books j but 
 " however he would allow them to be Mr. Hooker's, and confent to what 
 *' his Lordlliip propofed to prove out of thofe doubtful books, if he would 
 " but confent to the judgment of Mr. Hooker, in the other five, that were 
 " the undoubted books of Mr. Hooker." 
 
 In this relation concerning thefe three doubtful books of Mr. Hooker, my 
 purpofe was to inquire, then fet down what I obferved and know, which 1 
 have done, not as an engaged perfon, but indifferently ; and now leave my 
 reader to give fentence, for their legitimation, as to himfelf, but fo as to 
 leave others the fame liberty of believing, or difbelieving them to be Mr. 
 Hooker's. And it is obfervable, that as Mr. Hooker advifed with Dr. Spen- 
 cer, in the defign and manage of thefe books, fo alfo, and chiefly with his 
 dear pupil George Cranmer (whofe fifter was the wife of Dr. Spencer), 
 of which this following letter may be a teftimony ; and doth alfo give au- 
 thority to fome things mentioned both in the Appendix, and in the Life of 
 
 Mr. Hooker : and is therefore added. 
 
 CON- 
 
 " ceptance, and all the Englifh world's, than the high commendations it hath ever had frorfi 
 "your Majefty's royal father; who, a few days before he was crowned with martyrdom, 
 " commended to his deareft children the diligent reading of Mr. Hooker's * Ecclefiaftical Po- 
 " ' lity," even next the Bible; as an excellent means to fettle them in the truth of religion, and 
 " in the peace of the church, as much Chriftian and as well reformed as any under heaven : as 
 *• if God had referved this fignal honour to be done by the beft of kings and greateft of fuffer- 
 " ers for this church, to him who was one of the befl writers and ableft defenders of it." 
 
 E A clofe and ambitious man, an enemy to the church of England, and defirous of its diflb- 
 lution. His violent fpeech againft bifliops is inferted in " Nallbn's Colleftions," &c. Vol. II. 
 . page 266; and that againft Archbifhop Laud, with the Archbifliop's Anfwer in " Laud's 
 " Hiftory of his Troubles," &c. page 470. Nathaniel Fiennes, his favourite fon, was a moft 
 violent enemy to Epifcopacy and monarchy, being one of thofe called Root and Branch Men. 
 Though this nobleman wcs the principal fomenter of the civil war, and entertained the moft 
 extravagant ideas of civil liberty, he found himfelf fo unhappy under the new government, 
 that he retired voluntarily to the Ifle of Lundy, and exerted himfelf in promoting the reftora- 
 tion of Charles II lie afterward received a reward much fuperior to his merit — the privy 
 feal ; the appointment to which gave great offence to many of the cavaliers.
 
 CONCERNINQ* 
 
 THE NEW CHURCH DISCIPLINE; 
 
 AN EXCELLENT LETTER^ 
 WRITTEN BY MR. GEORGE CRANMER TO MR. R. H*.. 
 
 FEBRUARY MDXCVIu'. 
 
 WHAT pofterlty is likely to judge of thefe matters concerning church- 
 difclpline, we may the better conjecture, if we call to mind what 
 our own age, within a few years, upon better experience, hath already 
 judged concerning the fame. It may be remembered that at firft, the 
 greateft part of the learned in the land were either eagerly afFeded, or fa- 
 vourably inclined that way". The books then written for the moft part 
 favoured of the difciplinary ftyle ; it founded every where in pulpits, and 
 in the common phrafe of men's fpeech. The contrary part began to fear 
 they had taken a wrong courfe, many which impugned the difcipline, yet 
 fo impugned it, not as being the better form of government, but as not fo 
 convenient for our ftate, in regard of dangerous innovations thereby likely 
 to grow. One man alone' there was to fpcak of (whom let no fufpicion 
 of flattery deprive of his deferved commendation), who, in the diffidence of 
 the one part, and courage of the other, ftood in the gap, and gave others 
 refpite to prepare themfelves to their defence ; which by the fudden eager- 
 nefs and violence of their adverfaries had otherwife been prevented. — 
 
 Wherein 
 
 '' This letter is reprinted from the original edition in \6^z- 
 
 ' Anthony Wood tells us, that he was informed hy Mr. Ifaac Walton, that Mr. George 
 Cranmer had written many other things befides this letter, but that they were kept private tc 
 the great prejudice of the public. (Ath. Ox. Vol. L col. 306.) 
 
 ^ Namely, the difcipline eflablifhed by Calvin in tlie church of Geni-va, 
 
 ' Archbilhop Whitgift.
 
 2^4 I'HE LIFE OF 
 
 Wherein God hath made good unto h'nn his own eniprcfs, " Vhicit qui 
 " patitur :" lor what contumelious indignities he hath at their hands fuf- 
 tained, tlie world is witnels ; and what reward of honour above his adver- 
 larlcs God hath bcftowcd upon him, themfclves ((hough nothing glad 
 thereof) muft needs confefs. Now of late years the heat of men towards 
 the difcipline is greatly decayed ; their judgments begin to fway on the 
 other fide ; the learned have weighed it, and found it light ; wife men con- 
 ceive fome fear, left it prove not only not the beft kind of government, 
 but the very banc and dcftruiThion of all government. The caufe of this 
 change In men's opinions may be drav.Mi from the general nature of error, 
 dlfguifed and clothed with the name of truth ; which is mightily and vio- 
 lently to polTefs men at lirft ; but afterward, the weakneis thereof being 
 by time difcovered, to lofe that reputation which before it had gained. As 
 by the outlide of a houi'e the pailers by are oftentimes deceived, till they fee 
 the conveniencyof the rooms within; fo, by the very name of difcipline 
 and reformation, men were drawn at hrft to caft a fancy towards it, but now 
 they have not contented thcmfelves only to pafs by and behold afar off the 
 forefront of this reformed houfe ; they have entered in, even at the fpecial 
 requeft of the mafter workmen and chief builders thereof: they have per- 
 iifed the rooms, the lights, the conveniences ; they find them not anfwcr- 
 able to that report which was made of them, nor to that opinion which 
 upon report they had conceived. So as now the difcipline, which at firft 
 triumphed over all, being unmafked, beginneth to droop and hang down 
 her head. 
 
 This caufe of change in opinion concerning the difcipline Is proper to 
 the learned, or to fuch as by them have been inftrufted. Another caufe 
 there is more open and more apparent to the view of all, namely, the 
 courfe of pradiice which the reformers'" have had v>'lth us from the begin- 
 ning. The firft degree was only fome fmall difference about cap and 
 furpllce, but not fuch as either bred divifion In the church, or tended to 
 the ruin of the government then eftabllfl^ed. This was peaceable ; the 
 
 next 
 
 "■ The Prefliyterian party who fcemed at that time to t.ikc their only meafurc of truth from 
 oppofition to and diftance from the church of Rome, thinking nothing good therein ; cr, if 
 there was, yet Rill to be rcjcded on account of what therein was evil.
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 29^- 
 
 next degree more ftirring. Admonitions were diredcd to the Parliament 
 in peremptory fort againft our whole form of regiment. In defence of them 
 volumes were publiflied in Englifh, in Latin : Yet this was no more than 
 writing. Devices were fct on foot to crcdt the practice of the difciphnc 
 without authority ; yet herein fome regard of modefty, fome moderation 
 was ulcd. Beholcl, at length it brake forth into open outrage, firft in 
 writing by Martin" : in whofe kind of dealing thcfe things may be ob- 
 ferved : i. That whereas T. C.° and others his great mailers, had always 
 before fet out the difcipline as a queen, and as the daughter of God, he 
 contrariwife, to make her more acceptable to the people, brought her ibrth 
 as a Vice upon the ftage"". 2. Which conceit of his was grounded (as may 
 be fuppofed) upon this rare policy, that feeing the difcipline was by writing 
 refuted, in Parliament rcje£led, in fccret corners hunted out and defcried, it 
 was imagined that by open railing (which to the vulgar is commonly mod 
 plauiible) the ftate ecclefiaftical might have been drawn into fuch contempt 
 and hatred, as the overthrow thereof fliould have been moft grateful to all 
 men, and in a manner defired of the common people. 3. It may be noted 
 (and this I know myfelfto be true) how fome of them, although they 
 could not for fhame approve fo lewd an adtion, yet were content to lay hold 
 on it to the advancement of their caufe, acknowledging therein the fecret 
 judgments of God againfl: the bifhops, and hoping that fome good might 
 
 be 
 
 " Mr. Hooker, when he is fpeaking " of the fcurrilous and more than Hitirical imniodeily 
 " of Martinifm," tells his reader that " the firft publiflied fchedules thereof being brought to 
 *' the hands of a grave and very honourable knight, with fignification given, that the book 
 " would refrefli his fpirits, he took it, faw what the title was, read over an unfavourie fentence 
 "or two, and dehvered back the libel with this anfwer, ' I am forie you are of the mind to 
 " ' bee folaced with thefe fports, and forrier you have herein thought mine afFcclion to be like 
 *' ' your own." ( Haoker's Ep'ifi. Didic to Archhifiop Whitgift.) 
 
 » Thomas Cariwright, the author and publiflier of " The Admonition to the ParUamcnt," 
 printed in 1572, with the approbation and affiftance of the whole party, and fully anfwcred 
 and confuted paragraph by paragraph by Dr. Whitgift in the fame year. 
 
 P Vice was the fool of the old. moralities, with his dagger of lath, a long coat, and a cap 
 with a pair of afs's cars. { Sie Shahfpcars Tivelftk Nigli, Act IV. Sc, :v.)
 
 ■<?.>^6 THE LIFE OF 
 
 be wrought thereby for his church, as indeed there was, though not accord' 
 ing to their conftrudtion. For, 4thly, contrary to their expe£tation, that 
 railing fpirit did not only not further, but extremely difgrace and prejudice 
 their caufe, when it was once perceived from how low degrees of contra- 
 diftion at firft, to what outrage of contumely and flandcr they were at 
 length proceeded, and were alfo likely further to proceed. 
 
 A further degree of outrage was in fadt : Certain prophets'" did arife, 
 who deeming it not poiTiblc that God fliould fuffer that undone which they 
 did fo fiercely defire to have done, namely that his holy faints, the favour- 
 ers and fathers of the difcipline fhould be enlarged, and delivered from per- 
 fecution ; and, feeing no means of deliverance ordinary, were fain to per- 
 fuade thcmfclvcs that God muft needs raife fome extraordinary means ; 
 and being perfuaded of none fo well as of themfelves,"they forthwith muft 
 needs be the inftruments of this great work. Hereupon they framed unto 
 themfelves an aflured hope, that upon their preaching out of a peafe-cart 
 all the multitude would have prefently joined unto them, and in amaze- 
 ment of mind have afked them, " Viri fratres, quid agimus ?" whereunto 
 it is likely they would have returned an anfwer far unlike to that of St. 
 Peter; " Such and fuch are men unworthy to govern, pluck them down : 
 *' fuch and fuch are the dear children of God, let them be advanced." Of 
 two of thefe men it is meet to fpeak Avith all commiferation, yet fo that 
 others by their example may receive inftru£tion, and withal fome light may 
 appear what ftirring affedlions the difcipline is likely to infpire, if it light 
 upon apt and prepared minds. Now if any man doubt of what fociety 
 they were, or if the reformers difclaim them, pretending that by them they 
 were condemned, let thefe points be confidered. i. Whofe ajfoc'iates -were 
 they before their enterltig into this frantic pajfionf Whofe fermons did 
 they frequent? Whom did they admire'? 2. Even when they were en- 
 tering into it, Whofe advice did they require? and, when they were in, 
 whofc approbation? Whom advert fed they of their purpofe ? Whofe afjifl- 
 ance by prayers did they requeji ? But we deal injurioufly with them to 
 lay this to their charge ; for they reproved and condemned it. How ? 
 did they difclofe it to the magiftrate, that it might be fuppreffed ? or were 
 
 were 
 
 '■ "William Hacket, Edmund Coppinger, and Henry Arthington.
 
 I 
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 297 
 
 or were they rather content to ftand aloof and fee the end of it, and loath 
 to quench the fpirit ? No doubt thcfe mad pradltioncrs were of their fociety, 
 with whom b.fore, and in the pradtice of their madnefs, they had moft affi- 
 nity. Hereof read Dr. Bancroft's book'. 
 
 A third inducement may be to diflike of the difcipline, if we confider not 
 only how far the reformers themfelves have proceeded, but v/hat others 
 upon their foundations have built. Here come the Brownifts in the firft rank, 
 their lineal defccndants, who have feized upon a number of ftrangc opinions ; 
 whereof although their anceftors, the reformers, were never adually pof- 
 fefled, yet by right and intereft from them derived, the Brownifts' and 
 
 U u Bar- 
 
 ^ Entitled "A Survey of the pretended holy Difcipline ; to which is prefixed a Sermon 
 " preached againfl; the Puritans, at St Paul's Crofs, Feb. 9, 1588-9, from the following Text : 
 " Dearly beloved, believe not every Spirit, but try the Spirits whether they be of God, for manyfalfc 
 " Prophets ha've gone out into the -world. I John, iv. I." 
 
 ' Robert Brown, a perfon of a good family in Rutkndftiire, educated at Corpus Chrifti 
 College in Cambridge, was the founder of a feft of Puritans, who took their name from him. 
 He inveighed with the moft bitter acrimony againft the Church of England, condemning her 
 government as Antichriflian,her facraments as fuperflitious, and her whole liturgy as a com- 
 pound of Paganifm and Popery. His own fyftem of religious inftitution was explained by 
 liim in a book entitled " ATreatife of Reformation." He wrote feveral trafts in fupport of 
 his opinions, and fuftained various perfecutions, having been committed at different times to , 
 thirty-two prifons, in fome of which he could not fee his hand at broad-day. Before his re- 
 moval with his followers to Middleburg in Zealand, he became difgufted with their diviCons 
 and difputes ; and though, according to Strype, he had gone a farther diflance than any of the 
 Puritans did, he renounced his principles of feparation, being promoted by his relation. Lord 
 
 Burghley, to a benefice, that of Achurch in Northamptonlhirc He is reprefented to have 
 
 been unamiable in private life : And it is to be lamented that he always poflefled a turbulent and 
 unquiet difpofition. He died in a prifon, in 1630, in the 80th year of his age, having been 
 fent thither by a juftice of the peace for affaulting a conllable, who was executing a warrant 
 againft him. (Strype^s LifeofWbitgift, B. IV. C. J. and Appendix, No. 45. Of the Brown- 
 ifls,fee Fuller's Church Hiflory, B. IX. p. 168, and Mo/Ijeim's Ecclef Hijl. Vol. IV. p. 98.) 
 
 It appears from a paffage in Shakefpear that the Brownifts v.-ere -treated as objeds of fatire: 
 " Policy I hate ; I had as lief be a Brownijl as a politician." (Twelfth Night, A. III. Sc. II.) 
 " Why now thou art a good knave, worth a hundred Brownifts." (The Puritjii, A. III. 
 Sc. VI.)
 
 2gS THE LIFE OF 
 
 and Barrowlfts' have taken pofleflion of them. For if the pofitions of the 
 reformers be true, I cannot fee how the main and general conclufions of 
 Brownifm Ihould be fah'e. For upon thefe two points, as I conceive, they 
 ftand: 
 
 1. That becaufe we have no church, they are to fever themfclvcs from us. 
 
 2. That without civil authority they are to credl a church of their own. 
 And if the former of thefe be true, the latter I fuppofe will follow. For 
 
 if above all things, men be to regard their falvation ; and if out of the church 
 there be no falvation, it followeth, that if we have no church, we have no 
 means of falvation ; and therefore feparation from us in that refpeft is 
 both lawful and necefl'ary. As alfo, that men, fo feparated from the falfe 
 and counterfeit church, arc to aflbciate themfelves unto fome church ; not 
 to ours; to the Popifli much lefs ; therefore to one of their own making. 
 Now the ground of all thefe inferences being this, that in our church there 
 is no means of falvation, is out of the reformers' principles moft clearly to 
 be proved. For v/hcrefoever any matter of faith imto falvation necelTary is 
 denied, there can be no means of falvation ; but in the Church of England, 
 the difcipline, by them accounted a matter of faith, and neceflary to falvation, 
 is not only denied, but impugned, and the profeffors thereof opprefied. Ergo. 
 
 Again (but tliis reafon perhaps is weak), every true church of Chrift 
 acknowledgeth the whole gofpel of Chrift •, the difcipline, in their opinion, 
 is a part of the gofpel, and yet by our church refifted. Ergo. 
 
 Again, the difcipline is effentially united to the church : by which term 
 cffenUally^ they inuft mean either an eflential part, or an ellential propertyo 
 Both which ways it muft needs be, that where that elfential difcipline is not, 
 neither is there any churclj. If, therefore, between them and the Brownifts 
 there fnould be appointed a folemn difputation, whereof with us they have 
 been oftentimes fo earneft challengers ; it doth not yet appear what other 
 anfwer they could poflibly frame to thefe and the like arguments, where- 
 with 
 
 • So denominated from Henry Barrow, a layman, and noted feclary, wlio fufFered death 
 for publifliing feditious books againft the Queen and the State. He derived Jiis dodrine prin- 
 cipally from Cartwright ; maintaining, among other things, that the church of England was 
 not a true church; that her minillers had no lawful calling ; and that the ufe of forms of prayer 
 ■was blafphemous. (Of this man and his opinions, fee Sir G. Pau/c's Life ofWhitgift, p. 58. — • 
 Kemiet'sHifory of England, Vol. II. p. 571.)
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 2q<^ 
 
 with they might be preflccl, but fairly to deny the conclufion (for all the 
 premiles are their own), or rather ingenioufly to reverfe their own prin- 
 ciples before laid, whereon fo foul abfurditics have been fo firmly built. 
 
 AVhat further proofs you can bring out of their high words, magnifying 
 the difcipline, I leave to your better remembrance : but above all points, I 
 am defirous this one fhould be ftrongly inforced againft them, becaufe it 
 wringeth them moft of all, and is of all others (for ought I fee) the mod 
 unanfwerable. You may, notwithftanding, fay, that you would be heartily 
 glad thefe their pofitions might fo be falved, as the Brownifts might not ap- 
 pear to have-iflued out of their loins; but until that be done, they muft 
 give us leave to think that they hare cad the feed whereout thefc tares arc 
 grown. 
 
 Another fort of men there is, which have been content to run on witli 
 the reformers for a time, and to make them poor inftruments of their own 
 defigns. Thefe are a fort of godlefs politics, who, perceiving the plot of 
 difcipline to confift of thefe two parts, the overthrow of Epifcopal, and 
 eredlion of Prefbyterial authority, and that this latter can take no place till 
 the former be removed, are content to join with them in the deftrudivc 
 part of difcipline, bearing them in hand, that in the other alfo they fliall find 
 tliem as ready. But when time fliall come, it may be they would be as 
 loath to be yoked with that kind of regiment, as now they are willing to 
 be releafed from this. Thefe men's ends in all their actions is ri i'lic;, 
 their pretence and colour reformation". Thofe things, which under this 
 colour they have effedled to their own good, are I. By maintaining 
 a contrary faction, they have kept the clergy always in awe, and thereby 
 made them more pliable and willing to buy their peace. 2. By maintain- 
 ing an opinion of equality among miniftcrs, they have made way to 
 their own purpofes for devouring cathedral churches and bifhops' livings. 
 3. By exclaiming againft abufes in the church, they have cariied their own 
 corrupt dealings in the civil ftate more covertly. For fuch is the nature of 
 the multitude, they are not able to apprehend many things at once, io as 
 being pofTefled with diflike or liking of any one thing, many other in the 
 mean time may cfcape them without being perceived. 4. They have fought 
 
 U u 2 to 
 
 " In the later editions the fentence is, " Tlicfc men's ends in all tlicir a<51ions is dillracliou; 
 '" tlicir pretence and colour reformation."
 
 300 THE LIFE OF 
 
 to dlfgrace the clergy In entertaining a conceit in men's minds, and confirm- 
 ing it by continual pradlice, that men of learning, and efpecially of the 
 clergy, which arc employed in the chiefefl: kind of learning, are not to be 
 admitted, or fparingly admitted, to matters of ftatc ; contrary to the prac- 
 tice of all well-governed commonwealths, and of our own till thefe late 
 years. 
 
 A third fort of men there is, though not defccnded from the reformers, 
 yet in part raifed and greatly ftrengthened by them, namely, the curfcd 
 crew of Atheifts. This alfo is one of thofe points, which I am defirous 
 }'0U fhould handle mod cffedlually, and drain yourfelf therein to all points 
 of motion and afFedtion ; as in that of the Brownifts, to all (Irength and 
 iinews of reafon. This is a fort mofl: damnable, and yet by the general 
 fufpicion of the world at this day mofl common. The caufes of it, which 
 are in the parties themfelves, although you handle in the beginning of tho 
 fifth book, yet here again they m.ay be touched ; but the occalions of help 
 and furtherance, which by the reformers have been yielded unto them, are, 
 as I conceive, X.\\o; fenfelefs preachings and difgracing of the miii'ijlry : for how 
 fhould not men dare to impugn that which neither by force of reafon nor 
 by authority of perfons is maintained : But in the parties themfelves thefe 
 two caufes I conceive of Atheifm : i. More abundanceof wit than judg- 
 ment, and of witty than judicious learning; whereby they are more in- 
 clined to contradidt any thing, than willing to be informed of the truth. — 
 They are not therefore men of found learning for the mofl; part, but fmat- 
 terers; neither is their kind of difpute fo much by force of argument, as by 
 fcofiing. Which humour of fcofFmg and turning matters mofl ferious into 
 merriment is now become fo common, as we are not to marvel what the 
 prophet means by the/cat of Jcornei-s^ nor what the apofllesby fore-telling 
 di /corners to come ; our own age hath verified their fpeech unto us. Which 
 alfo may be an argument againfl thefe fcoficrs and Atheifls themfelves, feeing 
 it hath been fo many ages ago foretold, that fuch men the latter days of the 
 world fhould afford ; which could not be done by any other fpirit fave that 
 whereunto things future and prefent are alike. And even for the main 
 queflion of the refurreftion, whereat they flick fo mightily, was it not 
 plainly foretold, that men fhould in the.latter times fay, " Where is the pro- 
 
 *' mifc
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 30 1 
 
 " mife of his coming ?'' Againft the creation, the ark, and divers other 
 points, exceptions are faid to he taken ; the ground whereof is fuperfiuity 
 of wit, without ground of learning and judgment. A fccond caufe of 
 AAeifm is fenfuaUty, which makcth men defirous to remove ail ftops and 
 impediments of their wicked life : among which becaufe religion is tho 
 chiefeft, fo as neither in this life without fliame they can perfift therein, 
 nor (if that be true) without torment in the life to come ; they whet thcin 
 wits to annihilate the joys of heaven, wherein they fee (if any fuch be) 
 they can have no part, and likewife the jyains of hell, wherein their portion 
 muft needs be very great. ' They labour, therefore, not that they may not 
 deferve thofe pains, but that, deferving them, there may be no fuch pains 
 to feize upon them. But what conceit can be- imagined more bafe thar> 
 that man fhould ftrive to perfuade himfelf even againft the fecret inftindl (no 
 doubt) of his own mind, that his foul is as the foul of a beaft, mortal, and 
 corruptible with the body; Againft which barbarous opinion their own 
 Atheifm is a very ftfong argument : For were not the foul a nature fe- 
 parable from the body, how could it enter into difcourfe of things merely 
 fpirltual, and nothing at all pertaining to the body ? Surely the foul were 
 not able to conceive anything of heaven, no not fo much as to difpute 
 againft heaven, and againft God, if there were not in it fomewhat heavenly, 
 and derived from God, 
 
 The laft which have received ftrength and encouragement from the re* 
 formers are Papifts ; againft whom, although they are moft bitter enemies, 
 yet unwittingly they have given them great advantage. For what can any 
 enemy rather defire than the breach and diflenfion of thofe which are con- 
 federates againft him ? wherein they are to remember, that if our commu- 
 nion with Papifts in fome few ceremonies do fo much ftrengthen them, 
 as is pretended, how much more doth this divifion and rent among our- 
 lelves, efpecially feeing it is maintained to be, not in light matters only, but 
 even in matters of faith and falvation.. Which over-reaching fpeech of 
 their's, becaufe it is fo open to advantage both for the Barrowift and the 
 P^pift, we are to wifti and hope for, that they will acknowledge it to have 
 been i'pokcn rather in heat of affedtion, than vtith foundnefs of judgment ; 
 and-that through their exceeding loye to that creature of difcipline which 
 
 themfelves
 
 302 THE LIFE OF 
 
 themfelves have bred, nouriHied and maintained, their mouth in com- 
 mendation of her did fomewhat overHow. 
 
 From hence you may proceed (but the means of connexion I leave to 
 yourfelf) to another difcourfe, which I think very meet to be handled 
 either here or elfewhere at large ; the parts whereof may be thefe : 
 
 I. That in this caufe between them and us, men are to fever the proper 
 and eflential points and controverfy, from thofe which are accidental. The 
 moft effential and proper are thefe two ; overthrow of Epif copal ; crcElion of 
 Prcjbyterial authority. But in thefe two points whofoever joineth with 
 them is accounted of their number ; wholbever in all other points agrccth 
 with them, yet thinketh the authority of bifliops not unlawful, and of el- 
 ders not neceflary, may juftly be fevered from their retinue. Thofe things, 
 therefore, which either in the perfons, or in the laws and orders themfelves, 
 are faulty, may be complained on, acknowledged, and amended ; yet they 
 no whit the nearer their main purpofe. For what if all errors by them fup- 
 pofed in our liturgy were amended, even according to their own hearts de- 
 fire ; if non-refidence, pluralities, and the like, were utterly taken away ; 
 are their lay-elders, therefore, prefently authorifcd ? their fovcreign ecclcfi- 
 aftical jurifdid.ion eftabliflied ? 
 
 But even in their complaining againft the outward and accidental matters 
 in church-government, they are many ways faulty, i. In their end which 
 they pi-opofe to themfelves. For in declaiming againft abufes, their meaning 
 is not to have them redreffed, but, by difgracing the prefent ftate, to make 
 way for their own difcipline. As, therefore, in Venice, if any fenator fliould 
 difcourfe againft the power of their fenate, as being either too fovereign, or 
 too weak in government, with purpofe to draw their authority to a mode- 
 ration, it might well be fuifered ; but not fo, if it Ihould appear he fpake 
 with purpofe to induce another ftate by depraving the prefent : fo, in all 
 caufes belonging either to church or commonwealth, we are to have regard 
 what mind the complaining part doth bear, whether of amendment or of 
 innovation; and accordingly either to fuffer or fupprefs it. Their objection 
 therefore is frivolous, Wby^ may not men /peak againji abufes ? Yes, but with 
 deftre to cure the part affected, not to deftroy the whole. 2. A fecond 
 fault is. in their manner of complainiog, not only bccaufc it is for the moft 
 
 part
 
 I 
 
 RICHARD HOOKER. 303 
 
 part in bitter and reproachful terms, but alfo becaufe it is unto the common 
 people, judges incompetent and infufficient, both to determine any thing 
 amifs, and for want of fkill and authority to amend it. Which alfo difco- 
 vereth their intent and purpofe to be rather deftrudlive than corrective. — 
 3dly, Thofe very exceptions which they take are frivolous and imperti- 
 nent : Some things, indeed, they accufe as impious ; which if they may 
 appear to be fuch, God forbid they fhould be maintained. 
 
 Againft the rell it is only alleged, that they are idle ceremonies without 
 ufe, and that better and more profitable might be devifed. Wherein they 
 are doubly deceived : for neither is it a fufficient plea to fay. This mtijl give 
 place, becaufe a better may be devifed : and in our judgments of better and 
 worfe, we oftentimes conceive amifs, when we compare thofe things which 
 are in devife with thofe which are in pradice; for the imperfeftions of the 
 one are hid, till by time and trial they be difcovered : the others are already 
 jnanifeft and open to all. But lad of all (which is a point in my opinion of 
 great regard, and which I am defirous to have enlarged), they do not fee, 
 that for the moft part when they ftrike at the ftate ecclefiaftical, they fe- 
 cretly wound the civil ftate. For perfonal faults, what can be faid againft 
 the church, which may not alfo agree to the commonwealth ? In .both 
 ftatefmen have always been, and will be always men, fometimes blinded 
 with error, moft commonly perverted by paflions : many unworthy have 
 been and are advanced in both, many worthy nrot regarded. As for abufes 
 which they pretend to be in the laws thcmfclves; when they inveigh againft 
 non-refidence, do they take it a matter lawful or expedient in the civil ftate, 
 for a man to have a great and gainful office in the north, himfelf continu- 
 ally remaining in the fouth ? tie that hath an office, let him attend his office. 
 When they condemn plurality of livings fpiritual to the pit of hell, what 
 chink they of infinite, of temporal promotions ? By the great philo- 
 fopher, it is forbidden as a thing moft dangerous to commonwealths, that 
 by the fame man many great offices Ihould be exercifed". . A\'^hen 
 
 they 
 
 " <I>»t>M» J at di)|«t» itiai xai to ^r^Il»? apx*' ""Tsir aj^«ir' owfj ei/ook'i/ko icctsx toi; K«p;^r,^c>ioi;,>> y^o 
 i-A* jjo^ «ci5T a7roT£X«T*(' 6t\ oTTu^ yinr.Tat Ttf6 o^oin Ton tofjio^sT/if xai f/.rt Vfoa^ocTTCi* toif avTO» ai-Anr xai 
 j-xvTQTcyLdt, uc-i' inn (*» f/.izja ttoAi; woMTixuTtfci 7r?,fio»a« xarijj«» rut u^^ut, y.at cii/xoTixuTtfo». k. t. \, 
 
 (Anjl. de Rifublka, Lib. il. c. 9. Edit. Heinf.J
 
 304 THE LIFE OF 
 
 they deride our ceremonies as vain and frivolous, were it hard to apply 
 then" exceptions even to thofe civil ceremonies, which at the coronation, 
 in Parliament, and all courts of juflicc are ufed ? Were it hard to argue 
 even againft circumcifion, the ordinance of God, as being a cruel cere- 
 mony ? againft the paflbvcr, as being ridiculous — ihod, girt, a ftafl" in their 
 hand, to eat a lamb'' ? 
 
 To conclude, you may exhort the clergy (or what if you diretfl your 
 conclufion, not to the clergy in general, but only to the learned in, or of 
 both univerfities), you may exhort them to a due confideration of all things, 
 and to a right efteem and valuing of each thing in that degree wherein it 
 ought to ftand : for it oftentimes falleth out, what men have cither devifed 
 themfelves, or greatly delighted in, the price and excellency thereof they 
 do admire above defert. The chiefeft labour of a Chriftian Ihould be to 
 know, of a minifter to preach Qhrift crucified : in regard whereof not 
 only wordly things, but even things othcrwife precious, even ihe difcipline 
 itfelf is vile and bafe. Whereas now, by the heat of contention, and vio- 
 lence of affedion, the zeal of men towards the one hath greatly decayed 
 their love to the other. Hereunto, therefore, they are to be exhorted, to 
 preach Chrift crucified, the mortification of the flelh, the renewing of the 
 fpirit ; not thofe things which in time of ftrife feem precious, but, paflions 
 being allayed, are vain and childifh. 
 
 This 
 
 T A ftrange reading is found in all the'fubfequent editions : "'Agaiufl the paflbver as being 
 *' ridiculous ; fliould be girt, a ftafF iu their hand, to eat a lamb."
 
 This EPITAPH was long fince prefented to the world in memory of 
 Mr. Hooker, by Sir William Cowper ; who alfo built him a fair 
 Monument in Borne Church, and acknowledges him to have been his 
 fpiritual father. 
 
 Though nothing can be fpoke worthy his fame, 
 
 Or the remembrance of that precious name, 
 
 Judicious Hooker ; though this coft be fpcnt 
 
 On him that hath a lafting monument 
 
 In his own books ; yet ought we to exprefs. 
 
 If not his worth, yet our refpe£tfulnefs. 
 
 Church-ceremonies he maintained : then why. 
 
 Without all ceremony, Ihould he die ? 
 
 Was it becaufe his life and death fhould be 
 
 Both equal patterns of humility ? 
 
 Or that perhaps this only glorious one 
 
 Was above all, to alk, why had he none? 
 
 Yet he that lay fo long obfcurely low 
 
 Doth now preferred to greater honours go. 
 
 Ambitious men, learn hence to be more wife : 
 
 Humility is the true way to rife : 
 
 And God in me this lefTon did infpire, 
 
 To bid this humble man — " Friend, fit up higher." 
 
 W. C. 
 
 X X ERRATA.
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 206, fine 24, — p. 530, fays : — " Who, read p. 53e.— " "Who. 
 
 ■ 215, 29, — pontafle, rw^f pantofle. 
 
 — — 226, 27, — deacons, »vj(/ perfons. 
 
 245, 16, — feri, read (ct'ie. 
 
 255, 26, — Thefe words, " (or rather Zacharias,)" (hould have 
 
 been inferted in a note. 
 
 271, 25, — graditus, r^'j^ gradibus. 
 
 280, ult. — books, read his books. 
 
 203, pen.— of infinite, of temporal, readoi the infinite of temporal.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 THE WORKS OF MR. RICHARD HOOKER. 
 
 THE Works of Mr. Hooker, exclufive of the Books of Ecclefiaftical Polity, the different 
 editions of which arc enumerated in a fubfequcnt page, are, 
 
 I. " ANSWER to the SUPPLICATION that Mr. TRAVERS made to the COUNCIL. 
 Oxon. i6i2." 4to. 
 
 II. " A learned DISCOURSE of JUSTIFICATION, WORKS, and how the FOUNDA- 
 TION of FAITH is overthrown: on Habak. i. 4. Oxon. 1612." 4to. 
 
 III. " A learned SERMON of the NATURE of PRIDE: on Habak. ii. 4. Oxon. 1612." 
 4to. 
 
 IV. " A REMEDY againfl SORROW and FEAR, delivered in a FUNERAL SERMON : 
 on Joh/i \iv. 27. Oxen. 161 2." 4to. 
 
 V. «< A learned and comfortable SERMON of the CERTAINTY and PERPETUFFY 
 of FAITH in the ELECT: efpecially of the PROPHET HABAKKUK's FAITH: 
 on Habak. i. 4. Oxon. i6i2." 4to. 
 
 VI. TWO SERMONS upon part of St. JUDE's EPISTLES. EpjjJ. 'Jude, ver. 17, 18, 
 19, 20, 21. Oxon. 1613." 4to. 
 
 Thefe Sermons were originally publifhcd by Mr. Henry Jackfon, with " Wieklift 's Wicket," 
 and afterward reprinted without that tracl. What reception they met with from the public 
 we learn from one of his letters preferved in Fulman's papers in the library of Corpus Chrifti 
 College, Oxford. •' Edidi ante paucos dies traftatus quofdam D. Riehanli Hookeri, qui 
 omnium Applaufu, excipio Puritanos ut vocant, ita excepti funt, ut necefle jam fit typographo 
 noflro novam Editionem parare, quse primi ilia emendatior mea cura, deo volente, prollitura 
 ell. Cum itaque prodierit, expe^la bina exemplaria una cum Wiclcfi Traftatu, quern edidi eo- 
 dem Tempore." 
 
 VIII. In 1641, a volume was publidied under the following title: "A SUMMARIE 
 VIEW of the GOVERNMENT both of the OLD and NEW TESTAMENT; whereby the 
 EPISCOPALL GOVERNMENT of CHRIST's CHURCH is vindicated," out of thcrude 
 draughts of Launcelot Andrews, late Bilhop of Wincheflcr. 
 
 To this volume is prefixed, ar. a preamble to tlie whole, " A DISCOVERY of the 
 CAUSES of thefe CONTENTIONS touching CHURCH GOVERNMENT, out of the 
 FRAGMENTS of RICHARD HOOKER." 
 
 X I 2 This
 
 3oS APPENDIX. 
 
 This volume contains certain brief trcatifcs, written by divers learned men, concerning the 
 ancient and modern Government of the Church. The trcatifcs are fcvcn in number, of 
 which this pofthumous work of Mr. Hooker u one, and as it (lands before the reft it is there- 
 fore called a Preamble to the whole. 
 
 IX. THREE TREATISES inferted in the " CLAVI TRABALES*." viz. i. " On 
 the KING'S POWER in M.uters of RELIGION." 2. " Of his POWER in the AD- 
 VANCEMENT of BISHOPS to their ROOMS of PRELACY. 3. " The KING EX- 
 EMPT from CENSURE, and other JUDICIAL POWER," 
 
 It will not be improper to notice a publication of great merit, entitled " A FAITHFUL 
 ABRIDGMENT of the WORKS of that learned and judicious Divine, Mr. RICHARD 
 HOOKER, in eight books of ECCLESIASTICAL POLITY, and of all the other Trcatifcs 
 which were written by the fame Author. With an Account of his Life. By a Divine of 
 the Church of England. London, 1705." 
 
 In " Fulman's Manufcript Hiftory of Corpus Chrifti College, Oxford," the time and birth 
 of Mr. Hooker, with fome other particulars relative to him, are afcertained. 
 
 " Richardus Hooker apud Heavy-tree juxta Civitatem Exoniam natus efl circa finein 
 Martii Menfis, Anno 1554 ineunte." 
 
 " He was admitted Scholar of C. C. C. Dec. 24,' 1573, being twenty years old the Eafter 
 following; and admitted Probationer, Sept. 16, 1577, being 23 years old the Eafter pre- 
 ceding." J 
 
 • See page 506 of this work. 
 
 OF
 
 or THE AUTHENTICITY oi 
 The three lajl Books of ECCLESIASTICAL POLITT. 
 
 THE writings of the learneil and judicious Mr. Richard Hooker have fo defirvcdly ob- 
 tained the character of fupcrior excciiency, that it becomes a matter of no little confe- 
 quencc to diftiiiguifli his genuine works from any fuppofitious productions that have appeared 
 hi his name. Of the authenticity of tlie three hit Books of E.ciefiailical Polity, much doubt 
 has been entertained. As I am not inclined to hope that it is in my power to throw new 
 light upon the fubjed, I Ihall merely fuggeft feme few obfervations tliatobvioufly occur on a 
 plain reprefentation of the cafe. 
 
 The four firfl books of this celebrated work were firft printed in 1 594, and the fifth in 1597. 
 While they were admired and applauded by wife and good men both at home and abroad, 
 they gave great offence to that numerous band of puritanical writers, whole unremitting zeal, 
 in oppofing our ccclefiallical eftablifliment, uniformly difplayed itfclf on all occafions. In 
 fact this performance of Mr. Hooker foon engaged the attention of thole writers. They 
 treated him with much afperlty in a tract entitled " A Chriitian Letter of certain Engiifli 
 Proteftants, unfained Favourers of the prefent State of Religion, authorifed and profellcd in 
 England, unto that reverend and learned man Mr. R. HOO. requiring rcfolution in certaine 
 matters of doctrine (which fceme to overthrow the foundation of Chrillian Religion, and of 
 the Church among us) exprefslie contained in his five books of Ecclefiallicall Poiicie. 1599." 
 This tract is faid to have given that wound to Mr. Hooker, " that it was not the lead cnufe 
 to procure his death." But, " it was far otherwife," according to Dr. Covel', who, with 
 equal modelty and learning, has difcuffed all the pofitions advanced in the Chrijlian Letter \ 
 " for he contemned it in his wifdom; and yet in his humilitie would have anfwcred it, if he 
 " had lived." 
 
 It cannot be denied that Mr. Hooker completed eight books'". The accomplilhment of this 
 work was the wifli nearefl to his heart. He had formed in his vallly comprchtnfive mind a 
 noble and magnificent plan. Having lived to fee that plan perfected, he died widi compla- 
 cency and contentment. 
 
 Many 
 
 a See " A Juft and Temperate Defence of the Five Books of Ecclefiaftical Policie, written by Mi . Ricliai J 
 Hooker, againll an uricliaiitable Letter of certain Englilh Proteftants (as they tearme theinfelves), craving 
 Relulutioo, &x. Written by William Covel, Doftor in Divinitie. LotiJon, 1603." 
 
 *■ Of this circumftance Pr. Gauden feems not to lie apprifed. He tells us that they were efteemeJ abor- 
 tives, with luch lineaments of their father's virtue and vigour in them, that they may be tafily and juftly 
 owned for genuine, although perhaps they had not the lalt politure of their parent's head : Their Itrer.gth 
 fliews them to be a legitimate progeny, however they may feem to want fomething of that beauty and lultre 
 which always attended Mr. Hooker's conlummation.'' (Dr, Cauden's Life, &(, of Mr, RuhnrJ lli^ier, 
 f. 14.)
 
 3IO APPENDIX. 
 
 Many circumftances contributed to excite a fufpicion, that an attempt wouki be made to 
 fupprefs or deftroy his manufcripts. This appears from a Letter written by Dr. Launcelot 
 Andrews, who was then Mailer of Pembroke Hall in Cambridge, to Dr. Parry"^. 
 
 " SALUTEM IN CHRISTO, 
 
 " I cannot choofc but write. though you do not: I never failed fnice I laft faw you, but 
 " dayly prayed for him till this very inftant you fent this lieavie news. I have hitherto prayed, 
 " ferva nobis hunc : now mull I, cl.i tiobis aliuni. Alas for our grcatc lofs ! And when 1 fay 
 " ours, though 'I meane yours and my-ne, yet much more the common : with the loflc fmcc 
 " they have of fo greate a damage, the more fad wee neede to bewayle them and ourfelves, 
 '•' who knowe his workes and his worth to be fuch, as behind him he hath not (that Iknowe) 
 " left anie neere him. And whether I (hall live to knowe anic neerc him, I am in greate 
 " doubt, that 1 care not how nianie and myfelf liad redeemed his longer life to have done 
 " good in a better fubjeft than he had in hand, though that were very good. Good brother, 
 " have a care to deal with his executrix or executor, or (him that is like to have a greate 
 " llroke in it) his father in lawe, that there be fpecial care and regard for preferviiig fuch 
 " papers as he left, befides the three lafl books expected. By preferving I meanq, that not 
 " only they be net embezelled, and come to nothing, but that they come not into greate 
 " hands, whoe will only Iiave ufc of them qiiaieims et qiioufqiie, and fupprefle the reft, or un- 
 " happily ail : but rather into the hands of fome of them that unfeinedly wiihed him well, 
 " though of the meaner fort; who may upon good afTurancc (very good afiuranee) be trulted 
 •• with them ; for it is pitie they ftiould admit anic limitation. Do this, and do it mature : 
 " it had bin more than time long fince to have bin about it, if I had fooner knowne it. If 
 " my word or letter would doe anie good to Mr. Churchman, it (liould not want. But what 
 " cannot yourfelf or Mr. Sandys doe therein .'' For Mr. Cranmer is away; happie in that he 
 " (hall gaine a weeke or two before he knowe of it. Almightie God comfort us over him ! 
 " whofe taking away I trull I fnall no longer live,- then with grief I remember; therefore with 
 " grief, becauiewith inward and moil juft honour I ever honoured him fmcc I knew him. 
 
 " Your aiTured 
 
 " Poore loving Priend, 
 
 At tl.e Couit, 7 ^ro^^ ifrco- ^' L. ANDREWES, 
 
 We learn from the Latin epitaph infcribedon the monument which was creeled in 163 1, to 
 the memory «f Mr. Hooker, above thirty years after his death, that the fufpicion was not 
 ''roundlefs, and that three books were actually wanting. " Scripfit, oclo Libros Politise Ee- 
 clefiaftica; Anglicanx, quorum tus dcfidcraiitur." 
 
 Within 
 "^ From a MS. i;i the Bocileian Library, and iiili-rted in tlie Oxford edition of Mr. Hooker's works. Dr. 
 Henry P.uiy, to wliom this letter ftcms to iiave been addrtfled, was educated in Corpus Chrifti College, 
 Oxford. In 1607, l.e was appointed Bifiiop of Gloucefler, and in 1610, Bifiiop of Worcerter. He was re- 
 puted by all of his time, an able divine, well read in the Fathers, a thoiongh p:ced difpntant, anl fo eloquent 
 a preacher, that King James I. " wlio did ken a man of merit as well as any piince in Chriftendom," always 
 jxrofefTed he feldom heard a better. Sec " Wood's Ath. Ox. "Vol. I. col. 416."
 
 APPENDIX. ■> I , 
 
 Within four years after the licatli of this venerable man, the moll llrict and diligent in- 
 quiry was made after them without fuecefs. Anthony Wood announces the publication of 
 ail the eight books, wit!i certain traclatcs and fcrmons, fo early as in i6fj. The titlepagc 
 of the edition of that year, on which he cflabliilies his opinion, utters a glaring falfehood ; 
 the volume containing only five hooks, as well in this edition of 1617, as in the fubfequent 
 ones of 1621 and 1631. The compilers of " The General Diclionary," and of " The Bio- 
 graphia Britannica," relying on the authority of Wood, have fallen into the fame error. — 
 Without condcfcending to examine the contents of the volume, they very injurioufly charge 
 Dr. Gauden with ignorance or confidence, when he infmuatcs that the Seventh Book was firH 
 publiflicd in 1662. 
 
 The Sixth and Eight Books were printed at London in 1648, 4to, under the title of " The 
 Lawcs of Ecclefiafticall Politie, the Sixth and Eight Books : By Richard Hooker. A wor!i 
 long expcfted, and now publiflied according to tlie moft authentique copies." In tliis edition 
 it is affcrted that they were comparetl with five copies extant, in different libraries ; in the 
 Bodleian Library, in that at Lambeth, and in thofe of Bifliop Andrews, Archbifliop Ufher, 
 and Lord Edward Conway. With regard to the degree of credit due to thcfc copies, a pro- 
 found filence is obferved. 
 
 Fourteen years after, namely in 1662, the Seventh Book (touching Epifcopacy, or the Pri- 
 mitive, Catholick, and Apoflolick Government of tlie Church) faid to be complctetl out of 
 his own manufcripts, was publifiied by Dr. Gauden, then BiOiop of Exeter, along with Mr. 
 Hooker's other works'^. 
 
 It feems reafonable to expert th.^t tlic fulled and moft convincing proofs fliould linve been 
 adduced to fubftantiate thefc books as authentic. A cautious editor, when he prcfents to the 
 public light a choice and precious manufcript, that had long been buried in obfcurity, will 
 not content himfelf with mere afiertions : He will endeavour to inform his readers when 
 and where it was difcovercd : He will endeavour to eftablifli its authority with all poffible 
 precifion, fo as to banilh every doubt concerning its genuinenefs. On tlie prclent occafiou 
 nothing of this kind has been attempted. When affeverations are urged without any attend- 
 ant arguments to confirm their validity, the mind is left to fluctuate in uncertainty and per- 
 plcxedncfs. It is declared by Dr. Gauden, that " thcfe three lall books were never finiflied'." 
 The truth of this declaration is exprefsly contradicted, both by the above cited epitaph, and 
 by Ifaac Walton's narrative. 
 
 It is added, that " they had been for many agts fuppreffed." Was it not, therefore, highly 
 requifite to advance fome evidence of their originality after this long fupprellion -, to afcertain 
 the place where they had eluded all inquiry -, to inftrurt us by what means they were brought 
 from their dark abode ? A treafure fo ineitimable, a dcpofit fo dear to every good man, 
 would furely have been prcferved with the utmoll fidelity and caution ; and, when ulhered 
 
 into 
 
 i Dr. GsuJen publiflied " Hooker's Works, " in i66i, fol. A fecond edition, wiili " The Life of Mr. 
 Hooker, by Ifsac Walton," appeared in 1666. fol. A third in 1676. fol. A fourth in i6S:. fol. A fiftJi 
 in 1713, fol. And a fixth in 1793, printed at Oxford in three volumes, Svo. 
 
 -- See " Dr. Gauden'i Life, ?cc. of Mr. Rithard Hooker."
 
 312 APPENDIX. 
 
 into the world, wouUl have been accompanied with all the attcdatlons nccefl'iry to enhance 
 its worth. 
 
 He proceeds : " They are now come to light after our late long troubles, as fomc buried 
 flntucs or liiddeu monuments are oft difcovered by earthquakes." Are we to attribute the 
 <lifcovery of them, after a concealment for fo extenfive a period of time, to the diilrafted 
 Hate of this country, araidil the horrors and confufions of a civil war? Yet what prevented 
 tlicirniore early appearance ? In the mild and peaceable reign of James I. when difquifitions 
 on the difcipline and dodrinc of the Church of England were the fubjefts of general atten- 
 tion, the publication of them would have been peculiarly acceptable. And if their gcnuine- 
 nefs admltteil no doubt, wliat caufes can poffibly be afhgncd for fecreting them ? If they re- 
 mained in the poflelhon of Rlr. Hooker's friends, thofe friends would eagerly and without 
 delay have configncd them to the prefs. If his enemies concealed them, it is fcarce pi-obable 
 that from their hands they would emerge pure and uncontaminated'. 
 
 He adds further : " Each of them is by learned critics judged to be genuine or avithcntic." 
 Vv'ho thofe learned critics are, or upon what grounds they founded their criticifm, we arc left 
 to conjecture. Kirtg Charles I. by wliom the very name of Mr. Hooker w.as held in the 
 highcR veneration, thoyght othcrwife. in his interview with Lord Say, he exprefsly main- 
 tained that the Sixth and Eight Books were not allowed to have been written by Mr. Hooker. 
 And this opinion was probably the refult of his difcourfeson the fubjett with thofe divines, 
 in whofe converf.ition he delighted, and who were perfectly competent to decide upon the 
 matter, being men of ^reat candour and known integrity of mind, neither deficient in in- 
 <]uif)livenefs, nor liable to be deceived by artifice. And no recent tcftimony has been fince 
 adduced to enervate the evidence that arifes from the-king's aflertion. 
 
 Of the authenticity of the Sixth Book no intelligence is communicated. 
 
 The Seventh Book is affirmed, " by comparing the writing of it with other indifputable 
 papers or known manufcripts of Mr. Hooker, to be undoubtedly his own hand throughout." 
 From this laft pofitive declaration it may be deemed difficult to withhold aflcnt. Our ae- 
 quiefcence in it would have been cheerfully given, if it had been fupportcd by any corrobo- 
 rating arguments: — If we had been informed when thefe papers and known MSB. were 
 dcpofited, and by whofe nice difcriminating eye the collation was made. 
 
 The 
 
 ' It is remarkecl of the puritaiiicnl writers of thofe times, that they were not nfliameil " to fett fortli Uippo- 
 fitlous pamphlets in favour of their caufe, under the counterfeit names of other men of known piety and 
 parts, whofe former writings have been entertained with general approbation abroad in the world :" Their 
 very names, they thought, would give fome countenance to any caufe wliich they could feem in any degree 
 to own." " This," fays Dr. Sandcrfon, " is one of thetr pLrfrau,/es, or godly cheats ; a praftice common 
 to them with the Jcfuits, as many other of their practices (ey and of their doftrines too^ are. Such an unhappy 
 fatal coincidence not ftldom there is of extremes. Thus they dealt with the reverend Primate of Armagh, 
 printing his nai.ie, and that in his life-time too (which was their modefty and tendernefs of confcience), to 
 two feverall pamphlets, the one called ' Vox Hibernia:,' and the other ' ADiredion to the Parliament,' &c." 
 £ee " Clavi Trabsles," p. 151.
 
 APPENDIX. (313) 
 
 The Eight Book has no other mnrk of legitimacy upon it, has no other charadcr to eluci- 
 date its origin, than the bare affirmation, that " it is ivritten by another hand, as a copy, but 
 interlined in many places with Mr. Hooker's own charadler, as owned by kin:" 
 
 Dr. John Spencer, Prefulcnt of Corpus Chrifti College in Oxford, folicitour, to preferve 
 every document, every fragment of the writings of his friend, commiffioned Mr. Henry 
 Jackfon^, a fellow collegian, to form a tranfcript of all the papers which were left. This 
 tranfcript was bequeathed by Dr. Spencer to Dr. John King, Bilhop of London, on whofe 
 demife it devolved upon his fon the Bifliop of Chicheller, by whom it was placed in the 
 Archbifliop's library at Lambeth. The dreadful devaftation made of that library by Hugli 
 Peters, and the other Goths and Vandals of the age, leaves us no reafon to think, that the 
 tranfcript, whatever it contained, cfcaped the general wreck. But there is no proof th.it it 
 actually comprifed the books in queftion. A particular defcription of it is given by Dr. 
 Spencer himfelf in the advertifement prefixed to the fixth edition of the Five Books of Eccle- 
 fiaftical Polity. He afiiires us concerning thefe three lad Books, that " fome evil-difpofed 
 minds, whether ef malice or covctoufncfs, or wicked blind zeal, it is uncertain, as if they 
 had been Egyptian midwives, as foon as they were born and their father dead, Cmothtrcd 
 them, and by conveying away the pcrfeCl copies, left unto us nothing but certain old unperfeil 
 and mangled draughts, drfmembered into pieces, and fcattered, like Aledea's Abfirtus, no favour y no 
 grace, not thejljadcivs of themftlves almofl remaining in them.'' If he ever arranged tliclc papers 
 with a view to publifli them as the Hniflied works of Mr. Hooker, he fecms to have altered 
 his defign, from a decided conviiStion that they had no claim to be acknowledged in that 
 light *". 
 
 He intimates, in the advertifement above quoted, that there is a purpofe of fctting forth 
 the three lall Booksalfo, their father's pofihumi. It may be aflced, wliat liindered this purpofe ? 
 Nothing certainly, but an aflurance that the papers found by Mr. Henry Jackfon were in fo 
 mangled and mutilated a condition, that they could not appear without manifcft injury to 
 the reputation of their author. When it is remembered that Dr. Spencer furvivcd Mr. 
 Hooker fourteen years, we mufl conclude that his refpecft for the diiinity of his friend's 
 charafter deterred him from obtruding any work on the public which he did not confider as 
 jndifputably authentic. 
 
 XX It 
 
 ' Mr. Henry Jackfon, born in the city of Oxford, was admitted Probationary Fello* of Corpus Cliriiti 
 Collfge, Sept. s, i6»»- He was a great admirer of Mr. Ricliard Hooker, and of Dr. Jolin Reynolds j vrhofi 
 memories being molt dear to liim, he did for the fake of the firft, induftrioudy colleiSt and publiih fome of 
 bis fmall treatifes, and of the latter feveial of his epilUes and orations. See " Wood's Ath. Ox." Voi. II. 
 col. 2yl. 
 
 •""We learn from a letter, written by Mr. Henry Jackfon, and preferved in Fulman's pipei-s, in thelibrarjr 
 of C. C. C. that Dr. Spencer aftually intended to publifli the Eight Book. " I'uto prarfulem nollrum 
 emifTurum fub fuo Nomine D. Hookcri Librum 0(5lavum a me plane •uita ref.i'.utum. Tiilit alter honorcs." 
 What pains were taken by Mr. Jacklon to render this Eight Book as perfeft as pofTible, and how doubtful 
 he was whether it really deferved the public light, appears from another letter : " Si totus non elTem in poll- 
 tniia libra oSiavo D. Richardi Hooker de Ecclefiaftica Politifi, quern prsefes collegii noftri mihi commcndavit, 
 aliquid ad te mifiirera, ut tuum expifcarer Judicium an luccm necne mereatur."
 
 (314) APPENDIX. 
 
 It has been already remarked, that a copy of the three lafl; Books is faid to have been placed 
 in Arclibiihop Ulher's library. If that learned and fagacious man had deemed the copy au- 
 tlientic, is it polhble to fuppofe that he would have withheld it from the public eye ? In fact, 
 his anxiety to prcfcrve and make known the genuine writings of Mr. Hooker, appears from 
 the care witli which he felecled three fliort treatifes written, witii the hand of that excellent 
 perfon, and publidied by Dr. Bernard, with the Primate's marginal notes, in the " Clavi 
 Trabalcs : " Of gold," fays Bilhop Sanderfon, in a preface to this publication, " quavit 
 braHeola the very filings are precious; and our Blefled Saviour, when there was no want of 
 provifion, yet gave it in charge to his difciples, that the ofFall fliould not be loft." 
 
 Mr. Ifaac Walton informs us, that the threeperfe£t Books were loft, and that the wife of 
 Mr. Hooker did not pay much attention to his memory after his death. SIjc permitted Mr. 
 Charke ' and his companion to rani'ack his ftudy. Thefe two men, profefledly hoftile to the 
 Church of England, burnt and tore many of his written papers, alluring her that they were 
 writings not fit to be feen. Thus the invaluable treafure was irrecoverably gone, before Mr. 
 Henry Jackfon entered on his commiffion. Nothing remained for him but the reliques of 
 their fa vage plunder. Yet Mr. Neale, in his " Hiftory of the Puritans," Vol.1, p. 571- 
 afTcrts with his ufual boldnefs, that " the three laft Books were not publiflied till many years 
 after the author's death, though they were depofited i/i the hands of Archbijliop Abbot, from ivhofc 
 copy they were printed about the beginning of the civil wars." Not to remark the inaccuracy of 
 his obfervation, for the Seventh Book firft appeared in 1662, after the Reftoration, we are led 
 to infer from this aflertion, that the three Books in their prefent ftate as corrected, revifed, 
 and prepared by Mr. Hooker for the prefs, were placed in the library at Lambeth, and there 
 carefully preferved ; when it is clear from the beft authority, that of Dr. Spencer, that 
 nothing was left but " certain old unperfecSl and mangled draughts, difmembered into pieces, 
 and fcattercd like Medea's Abfirtus." 
 
 The excellent Dr. Jeremy Taylor confirms the fufpicion, that the three Books arc not 
 genuine. In the dedication of his celebrated work, entitled " Duclor Dubitantium," to 
 King Charles II. He obferves, that " thofe cafes that concern the power, and olliccs of eccle- 
 fiaftical Superiors and Supreme, were, though in another manner, long fince done by the in- 
 comparable Mr. Hooker, in the Seventh and Eight Books of Ecclefiaftical Polity, or the 
 learned Archbifliop of Spalato : but their labours were unhappily lofl, and never faw the light." 
 He adds, " Though I cannot attain to the ftrcngth of thefe champions of David, yet fince 
 their portion of works is fallen into my hands, I have heartily endeavoured^ to fupply their 
 
 lofs." 
 
 THE 
 
 ' In the earlier editions of " Walton's Lives," the perfon who married Margaret, the youngeft daughter of 
 Mr, Hooker, is called Cbarke. This circumftance will admit an excufe for the error in the note at p. J87.
 
 .George HiembePv'^'
 
 THE LIFE 
 
 OF 
 
 MR. GEORGE HERBERT,
 
 TO HIS VERY WORTHY AND MUCH HONOURED FRIENO 
 
 MR. IZAAK WALTON, 
 
 Upon his Excellent LIFE of 
 
 MR. GEORGE HERBERT. 
 
 I. 
 
 JriEAV'NS youngeft fon, its Benjamin, 
 Divinity's next brother, facred Poefie, 
 No longer fhall a virgin reckoned be 
 (What ere with others 'tis) by me, 
 A female mufe, as were the nine ; 
 But (full of vigour mafculine) 
 An eflence male, \vith angels his companions Ihine. 
 With angels firii: the heavenly youth was bred. 
 And, when a child, mftrudted them to fing 
 The praifes of th' Immortal King 
 
 Who Lucifer in triumph led : 
 For, as in chains the monfter fank to hell, 
 And tumbling headlong down the precipice fell, 
 By him firft taught, " How art thou fallen thou morning 
 
 ftar ?" they faid. 
 Too fondly then, we have fancy'd him a maid : 
 We, the vain brethren of the rhyming trade ; 
 A female angel lefs would Urbin's* fkill upbraid. 
 
 IT. 
 
 Thus 'twas in heaven : this, Poefy's fex and age; 
 And, when he thence t'our lower world came down,. 
 He chofe a form more like his own, 
 
 Y y And 
 
 * Raphael Urbin, the famous painter.
 
 ,14- VERSES TO 
 
 And JefTe's youngeft fon infpK'd with holy rage, 
 The fprightly fhepherd felt unufual fire. 
 
 And up he took his tuneful lyre; 
 He took it up, and ftruck't, and his own foft touches did admire. 
 
 Thou, Poefy, on him didft beftow 
 Thy choiceft gift, a honour fhew'd before to none ; 
 And, to prepare his way to th' Hebrew throne, 
 Gav'ft him thy empire and dominion ; 
 
 The happy land of vcrfe, where flow 
 Rivers of -milk, and woods of laurel grow ; 
 
 Wherewith thou didft adorn his brow. 
 And mad'ft his firft, more flourilhing, and triumphant crown. 
 Aflift me thy great prophet's praife to fmg, 
 David, the poet's, and blefs'd Ifrael's king; 
 And with the dancing echo, let the mountains ring! 
 Then on the wings of fomc aufpicious wind. 
 Let his great name from earth be rais'd on high, 
 And in the ftarry volume of the fky, 
 A lafting record find : 
 
 Be with his mighty pfaltery join'd ; 
 Which, taken long fince up into the air. 
 And call'd the harp, makes a bright conftellation there. 
 
 III. 
 
 Worthy it was to be tranflated hence. 
 And there, in view of all, exalted hang : 
 To which fo oft the princely prophet fang, 
 
 And myftic oracles did difpenfe. 
 
 Though had it ftill remain'd below, 
 
 More wonders of it we had feen. 
 How great the mighty Herbert's fkill had been; 
 Herbert, who could fo much without it do ; 
 Herbert, who did its chords diftindly know ; 
 More pcrfedly than any child of verfe below. 
 
 Oh!
 
 MR. IZ A AK WALTON. 3 1 5 
 
 O ! had we known him half fo well ! 
 But then, my friend, there had been left for you 
 Nothing fo fair, and worthy praife to do ; 
 Who, fo exadly all his ftory tell, 
 
 That though he did not want his bays. 
 
 Nor all the monuments virtue can raife. 
 Your hand he did, to eternize his praife. 
 
 Herbert and Donne again are join'd. 
 
 Now here below, as they're above ; 
 Thefe friends are in their old embraces twin'd ; 
 And fmce by you the interview's defign'd. 
 
 Too weak to part them death does prove ; 
 For in this book they meet again, as in one heav'n they love. 
 
 ^'jprJy' ] SAM. WOODFORDE, D. D. 
 
 GEORGII HERBERT I, 
 
 ISAACO WALTONO SCRIPTAM, 
 
 yj Quam erubefco cum tuam vitam lego, 
 
 Herberte Sande, quamq; me pudet mcx ! 
 
 Ego talpa csecu? hie humi fodiens mifer, 
 
 Aquila volatu tu petens nubcs tuo. 
 
 Ego Choicum vas terreas faces olens, 
 
 Tu i^lbla namq; Urania tibi ex mufis placet) 
 
 Nil tale fpiras; fed fapis caelum et Deum, 
 
 Omniq; vit£e, libri et omni, linea; 
 
 Templumq; tecum ubiq; circumfers tuum. 
 
 Domi porta coeli, cui domus propria, optima: 
 
 Uh\ Rex, ibi Roma, Imperii -.Je^; ubi 
 
 Tu fande vutes, templum "oi, ct coelum, et Deus. 
 
 Y y 2 Tu
 
 3i6 VERSES, &c. 
 
 Tu quale nobis intuendum clericis 
 Speculum Sacerdotale, tu qualem piis 
 Paftoris ideam et libro et vita tua 
 Tu quale Sanftitatis dementis bonx, 
 Morumq; nobis tradis exemplum ac typum! 
 Typum*, Magiftro nempe proximum Tuo, 
 Exemplar illud grandc qui folus fuit. 
 Canonizct erg6 quos velit Dominus Papa; 
 Sibiq; fandtos, quos facit, fervet fuos 
 Colatque; fandte Herberte, tu Sandtus mens; 
 Oraq; pro me, dicerem, fi fas, tibi. 
 Sed hos honores par nee eft fandtis dari; 
 Velis nee ipfe; rccolo te, fed non colo. 
 Talis legenda eft vita Sandli, concio 
 Ad promovendum quam potens et efficax! 
 Per talia exempla eft breve ad coelos iter. 
 Waltone, ma£le, perge vitas fcribere, 
 Et penicillo, quo vales, infigni adhuc 
 San£torum imagines coloribus fuis 
 Plures repr^Efentare ; quod ru dum facis 
 Vitamq; et illis et tibi das pofthumam, 
 Le£toris oeternxq; vitse confulis. 
 Urge ergo penfum; et interim fcias velim, 
 Plutarchus alter fis licet Biogra^phus, 
 Herberto, Amice, vix Parallelum dabis. 
 Liceat Libro addere banc coronidem tuoj 
 Vir, an Poeta, Orator an melior fuit, 
 Meliorne amicus, fponfus, an Paftor Gregis, 
 Herbertus, incertum; et quis hoc facile fciat, 
 Melior ubi ille, qui fuit ubiq; optimus. 
 
 JACOB DUPORT, S. T. P. 
 Decanus Petr. 
 
 * Sic Chriflum folcns vocavit quoties ejus mentionem fecit. 
 
 rHE
 
 THE INTRODUCTION. 
 
 IN a late retreat from the bufincfs of this world, and thofe many little 
 cares with which I have too often cumbered myfelf, I fell into a con- 
 templation of fome of thofe hiftorical paflagcs that are recorded in facred 
 ftory, and more particularly of what had part betwixt our Blefled Saviour, 
 and that w^onder of women, and finners, and mourners. Saint Mary Mag- 
 dalen. I call her Saint, becaufc I did not then, nor do now confider her, 
 as when flie was pofTeft with feven devils; not as when her wanton eyes, 
 and difhevelledhair, were defigned and managed to charm and infnare amou- 
 rous beholders: But, I did then, and do now confider her, as after flie had 
 exprefled a vifible and facred forrow for her fenfualities ; as after thofe eyes 
 had wept fuch a flood of penitential tears as did wafh, and that hair had 
 wip't, and (he moft paflTionately kift the feet of hers, and our blefled Jefus. 
 And I do now confider, that becaufe flie loved much, not only much was 
 forgiven her ; but that, befide that bleifed blefTing of having her fins par- 
 doned, and the joy of knowing her happy condition, flie alfo had from 
 him a tefl:imony, that her alabafter box of precious ointment poured on 
 his head and feet, and that fpikenard, and thofe fpices that were by her 
 dedicated to embalm and preferve his facred body from putrefadion, 
 fhould fo far preferve her own memory, that thefe dcmonftrations of her 
 fandihed love, and of her officious and generous gratitude, fliould be re- 
 corded and mentioned wherefoever his gofpel fliould be read; intending 
 thereby, that as his, fo her name fliould alfo live to fuccecding generations, 
 even till time itfelf fliall be no more\ 
 
 Upon 
 
 ' If fome very learned and able commentators have entertained an opinion, that Mary Maj:- 
 dalcn was the affliftcd and penitent finner mentioned in the fcventh chapter of St. Luke's 
 Gofpel, it is not furprifing that Mr. Walton fliould fall into the Cime error.
 
 3 1 8 THE INTRO D UCTION. 
 
 Upon occafion of whicli fair example, I did lately look back, and not 
 without fome content (at Icaft to myfelf } that I have endeavoured to deferve 
 the love, and prcferve the memory of my two deceafed friends, Dr. Donne 
 and Sir Henry Wotton, by declaring the feveral employments and various 
 accidents of their lives: And though Mi\ George Herbert (whofe Life I 
 now intend to write) were to me a ftranger as to his perfon, for I have 
 only feen him; yet fmce he was, and was worthy to be, their friend, and 
 very many of his have been mine, I judge it may not be unacceptable to 
 thofe that knew any of them in their lives, or do now know them by mine, 
 or their own writings, to fee this conjundlion of them after their deaths, 
 without which, many things that concerned them, and fome things that 
 concerned the age in which they lived, would be lefs perfedt, and loft to 
 pofterity. 
 
 For thefe reafons I have undertaken it, and if I have prevented any abler 
 perfon, I beg pardon of him and my reader. 
 
 THE
 
 THE LIFE OF MR. GEORGE HERBERT. 
 
 GEORGE HERBERT was born the third day of April, in the year of 
 our redemption 1593. The place of his birth was near to the town 
 of Montgomery, and in that caftle that did then bear the name of that town 
 and county''; that caftle was then a place of ftate and ftrength, and had 
 been fucceflively happy in the family of the Herberts, who had long pof- 
 fefTed it ; and, with it, a plentiful eftate, and hearts as liberal to their poor 
 neighbours. A family, that hath been bleflTed with men of remarkable wif- 
 dom, and a willingnefs to ferve their country, and, indeed, to do good to 
 all mankind ; for which they are eminent : But alas ! this family did in the 
 late rebellion fuffer extremely in their eftates ; and the heirs of that caftle 
 faw it laid level with that earth that was too good to bury thofe wretches 
 that were the caufe of it. 
 
 The father of our George was Richard Herbert', the fon of Edward 
 
 Herbert 
 
 *■ The caftle of Montgomery derived its name from Roger de Montgomery, a noble Nor- 
 man, Earl of ShrewfLury, who, winning much land from the Wclfli, firft built this caftle to 
 fccure his conqueft. It ftandcth not far from the banks of the river Severn, upon the rifing of 
 a rock, from whence it hath a very free profped into a pleafant plain that lieth beneath it. — 
 The family of the Herberts is very much diffufed, and of great authority in this part of Wales. 
 
 (Hcylhi'j Help to Eiigl'ifl] Hijiory) An order was made by the Parliament, June 1 1, 1649, 
 
 for demoliliiing Montgomery Caftle, which Anthony Wood calls " a pleafant and romancy 
 " place," and for an allowance to the Lord Herbert for his damage thereby. 
 
 ' Edward Lord Herbert of Cherbury defcribes Richard Herbert his father to have been 
 " black haired and bearded, as all his anceftors of his fide are faid to have been, of a manly 
 " or fomewhat ftern look, but withall very handfome and well compact in his limbs, and of 
 " a great courage. As for his integrity in his places of Deputy Lieutenant of tlie county, 
 " Juftice of the Peace, and Cuftos Rotulorum, which he, as his father before him, held, it is 
 " fo memorable to this day that it was faid his enemies appealed to him for juftice, which 
 " they always found on all occafions. His learning was not vulgar, as undcrftanding well 
 " the Latin tongue, and being well verfed in Hiftory." (The Life of Edivard Lord Herbert ■ 
 of Cherbury^ ■written by himfelf. Straivberry-Hill, 1764. />. 34)
 
 320 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Herbert, Knight, the fon of Richard Herbert, Knight, the fon of the famous 
 Sir Richard Herbert'' of Colebrook, in the county of Monmouth, Banneret, 
 who was the youngeft brother of that memorable William Herbert, Earl 
 of Pembroke, that lived in the reign of our King Edward IV. 
 
 His mother was Magdalen Newport", the youngeft daughter of Sir 
 Richard, and fiftcr to Sir Francis Newport, of High Arkall, in the county 
 of Salop, Knight, and grandfather of Francis Lord Newport, now Compt- 
 roller of his Majefty's Houfehokl'. A family that for their loyalty liave 
 
 fuftered 
 
 " This gentleman was anceflor to the Lords Herbert of Cherbury, and to the prefent Earl 
 of Powis. Ill the contefts between tlie houfes of York and Lancafter, this Sir Richard Her- 
 bert fignalizcd himfelf by his bravery on many occafions. He and his brother William, 
 the firft Earl of Pembroke, were taken prifoncrs after the battle of Danes-more, near Edge- 
 cote in Nortliamptonflilre, on July 26, 1469, and were beheaded the next day after the battle. 
 Hall, in his Chronicle, relates, " that much lamentation, and no lefs intreaty, was made to 
 *• favc the life of Sir Richard Herbert, both for his goodly perfonage, which excelled all men 
 " there, and alfo for the noble chivalry he had fliewed in the field in the day of battle, info- 
 " much that his brother the Earl, when he laid down his head on the block to fufler, faid to 
 " Sir John Conyers, Let me die, for I am old, but fa-ne my brother, luho is young, lufly, and hard\<, 
 " mete and apt to ferve the greatejl prince of Chrflendom." See " Collins's Peerage," Vol. V. p. 
 
 181. The title of Banneret was a very ancient title of military honour, never conferred 
 
 but upon the achievement of fome great and noble action in the field. Knights Bannerets are 
 termed by Matthew Paris, " Milites vexilliferi," and were diftinguiflied by having a fquare 
 Ibield, and bearing their arms in a banner of the fame form. 
 
 ' " My mother was Magdalen Newport, daughter of Sir Richard Newport and Margaret 
 " his wife, daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Burnley, one of the Privy Councell, and cxecu- 
 *' tor to King Henry VIII. who, furviving her hufband, gave rare tcftimonies of an incom- 
 " parable piety to God, and love to her children, as being molt afliduous and devout in her 
 " daily, both private and public, prayers, and fo careful to provide for her poflerity, that 
 " though it were in her power to give her eftate, which was very great to whom flie would, 
 '* yet fhe continued dill unmarried, after flie lived mod virtuoufly and lovingly with her huf- 
 " band. She after his death erected a fair monument for him in Montgomery Church, 
 " brought up her children carefully, and put them in good courfcs for making their fortunes ; 
 " and briefly was that woman Ur, Donne hath defcribed her, in his funeral fermon of her 
 " printed." ( Life of Lord Herbert, p. 10, II.) 
 
 f Charles I. in 1642, advanced Sir Richard Newport to the dignity of a Baron of England, 
 by the title of Lord Newport, of High Ercall in Sliropfliire. On tliis occafion that loyal gen- 
 tleman
 
 GEORGE HERBERT, 
 
 321 
 
 fuffered much in their eftates, and feen the ruin of that excellent ftrudlure, 
 ■where their anceftors have long lived, and been memorable for their hof- 
 pitality. 
 
 This mother of George Herbert (of whofe perfon, and w^ifdom, and vir- 
 tue, I intend to give a true account in a feafonable place) was tlie happy 
 .Tiother of feven fons, and three daughters, which fhe would often fay, was 
 yob''s number^ and yoU s diJlribution\ and, as often blefs God, that they were 
 neither defedlive in their fhapes or in their reafon ; and very often reprove 
 them that did not praife God for fo great a blefling. I fliall give the reader 
 a ihort account of their names, and not fay much of their fortunes. 
 
 Edward", the eldeft, was firft made Knight of the Bath, at that glorious 
 time of our late Prince Henry's being inftalled Knight of the Garter j and 
 
 Z z after 
 
 tleman prefentcd his Majefty with the fum of fix thoufand pounds. (Echard's Hi/1, of Eng- 
 land, Vol. II. p. 348.) Dying Feb. 8, 1650, at Moulins in France, he was fucceeded by Fran- 
 cis his fon, who after the reftoration was made Comptroller, and then Treafurer of the King's 
 Houfehold, Vifcount Newport 27 Cha. II. and Earl of Bradford, in 1694. The lafl; title 
 became cxtin£l in 1762. 
 
 E No character is more heterogeneous than that of this nobleman, not lefs renowned for his 
 prowefs and martial gallantry, than for his literary acquirements. Ben Jonfon ftylcs him 
 
 " All-virtuous Herbert, in whofe every part 
 
 " Truth might fpend ;U1 her voice, Fame all her art." 
 
 He is clafled among the mod eminent of the Deiftical writers, having attempted to reduce 
 Deifm into a regular fyftem ; and, by afferting the fufficiency, univerfality, and abfolute per- 
 fe£lion of natural religion, to difcard all revealed religion as ufelcfs. , It is unneceflary to add 
 that his opinions have been difcufled with great ability, moderation, and candour, by Dr. Le- 
 land, in his " Review of the Deiftical Writers." 
 
 He has given the following account of himfclf in the earlier period of his life : " It was fo 
 <« long before I began to fpeak, that many thought I fliould be ever dumb : The very fartheft 
 " thing I remember is, that, when I underftood what was faid by others, I did yet forbear to 
 " fpeak, left I fhould utter fomething that was imperfect or impertinent. When I came to 
 " talk, one of the fartheft inquiries was, how I came into this world." f Life 0/ Lord Herbert, 
 
 p. 16) " At twelve years old, my parents thought fit to fend me to Oxford, to Univcrfity 
 
 " College, where I remember to have difputed, at my firft coming, in logick." (lb. p. 25.) 
 
 His father died; he left Oxford, inanicd, and afterward returned to tlic univcrfity. 
 
 '* Not
 
 32 2 THE LIFE OF 
 
 after many years'" ufeful travel, and the attainment of many languajresj. 
 he was by King James font ambaflador refidcnt to the then French king, 
 Lewis XIII. There he continued about two years ; but he could not fub- 
 je£l himfelf to a compliance with the humours of the Duke de Luines, 
 who was then the great and powerful favourite at court : fo that, upon 
 a complaint to our king, he was called back into England in fome dif- 
 pleafure ; but at his return he gave fuch an honourable account of his em- 
 ployment, and fo juftified his comportment to the duke, and all the court, 
 that he was fuddenly fent back upon the fame embaffy, from which he re- 
 turned in the beginning of the reign of our good King Charles I. who 
 made him firft Baron of Caflle-Ifland ; and not long after of Cherbury, in 
 ' the county of Salop : He was a man of great learning and reafon, as ap- 
 pears by his printed book " De Veritate;" and by his " Hifhory of the 
 Reign of King Henry VIII." and by feveral other tracts. 
 
 The fecond and third brothers were Richard'' and William', who ven- 
 tured their lives to purchafe honour in the wars of the Low Countries, and 
 
 died 
 
 " Not long after my marriage, I went again to Oxford, together with my wife and mother, , 
 *' who took a houfe, and lived for fome certain time there." (Life of Lord Herbert, p. 26.) — 
 And now he followed his book more clofe than ever; in which courfe he continued till he 
 had attained about the age of eighteen, when his mother took a houfe in London, between 
 •which place and Montgomery Callle he pafled his time till he came to the age of one and 
 twenty. At the requeft of his mother, he undertook the burden of providing for his brothers 
 and fillers, giving to his brothers thirty pounds a piece yearly, and to his three fillers loool. a 
 piece ; which portions married them. 
 
 •■ " My brother Richard, after he had been brought up in learning, went to the Low Coun- 
 " tries, where he continued many years with much reputation both in the wars, and for 
 " fighting fingle duels, which were many, in fo much that between both he carried, as I have 
 " been told, the fears of four and twent/wounds upon him to his grave, and lietli buried in 
 " Bergenopzoom." ( Lfe of Lord Herbert, />. 12.) 
 
 ' «• My brother William, being llkewife brought up in learning, went afterward to the wars 
 •' in Denmark, where fighting a fingle combat, and having his fword broken, he not only de- 
 «« fended himfelf with that piece which remained, but clofing with his adverfary threw him 
 " down, and fo held him until company came in ; and then went to the wars in the Low 
 " Countries, but lived not long after." (Life of Lord Herbert, p. 12.)
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 323 
 
 died officers In that employment. Charles" was the fourth, and died fellow 
 of New College in Oxford. Henry' was the fixth, who became a menial 
 fervaut to the Crown in the days of King James, and hath continued to be 
 fo for ilfty years ; during all which time he hath been Mafter of the Revels; 
 a place that requires a diligent wifdom, with which God hath blefled him. 
 
 Z z 2 The 
 
 ■^ •' My brother Charles was fellow of New College in Oxford, where he died young, after 
 " he had given great hopes of himfelf every way." (Life of Lord Herbert, p. 12.) Mr. 
 
 Charles Herbert was the fellow collegian and friend of Dr. Richard Zouch, to whofe poem 
 entitled the " The Dove," he has prefixed Latin vcrfes. We alfo obfcrve his name fubfcribed 
 to fome lines addrefled to his virtuous kinfman, Thomas Herbert, Efq. on the publication of 
 that gentleman's '• Travels into divers Parts of Afia and Afrique." 
 
 ' " Henry, after he had been brought up in learning, as the other brothers were, was fent 
 ** by his friends into France, where he attained the language of that country in much per- 
 " fe^Vion, after which time he came to court, and was made Gentleman of the King's Privy 
 " Chamber, and Mafler of the Revels ; by which means, as alfo by a good marriage, he at- 
 " tained to great fortunes for himfelf and pofterity to enjoy : He alfo hath given feveral proofs 
 " of his courage in duels and otherwife, being no lefs dextrous in the ways of the court, as 
 " having got much by it." ( Life of Lord Herbert, p. 15.) 
 
 Mr. Richard Baxter, wlio was educated at High Ercali, was in his early youth recommended 
 to the care of Sir Henry Herbert, and by him kindly received. But that celebrated Noncon- 
 formifl; did not rellfli a court life, and very foon returned to his privacy and faidies. " I went 
 ■" up," fays he, " ftayed at Whitehall with Sir H. H. about a month, but I had quickly enough 
 " of the court, when I faw a ftage-play, inftead of a fermon, on the Lord's days in the after- 
 "*' noon, and faw what courfe was there in falhion, and heard little preaching but what was as 
 " to one part againft the Puritans: I was glad to be gone." ( Reliq. Baxter. p. 11.) 
 
 It was within the ilcpartment of the Maflcr of the Revels to liccnfe the prefs, and accord- 
 dingly we find many books printed at this time, with an imprimatur " granted by Henry 
 Herbert." 
 
 The following ftory is related of him : " A few clays before the murder of the king, meeting 
 *' in Hyde Park with Thomas Herbert, Efq. his kinfman, who then waited on his M.ijefty 
 '• as one of the grooms of his bed-chamber, and inquiring how his INIajefty did, he deCred he 
 «' would let him know, that if he pleafed to read the fecond chapter of Ecclcfiafticus, ho would 
 *' there find comfort. Accordingly Mr. Herbert acquainted the King, who thanked Sir Henrj', 
 ■" and commended his excellent parts; being a good fcholar, foldler, and an accompli ihed cour- 
 ■" tier, and for his many years' faithful fervice much valued by the King, who prefently turned 
 '" to the chapter, and read it with much fatisfadion." { Col/iris's Peerage, Vol. V. p. 198.)
 
 324 THE LIFE OF 
 
 The feventh fon v/as Thomas'", who, being made captain of a fiiip In that- 
 fleet with which Sir Robert Manfell" was fent againft Algiers, did there- 
 ihew a fortunate and true EngUfh valour. Of the three fillers" I need not 
 
 fay 
 
 " Lord Herbert of Cherbury, having related many glorious and gallant exploits of Ms bro- 
 ther Thomas, thus concludes his account of him : " After all thefe proofs given of himfclf, 
 " he expe£led fome great command, but finding himfelf, as he thought, undervalued, he re- 
 " tired to a private and melancholy life, being much difcontented to find others preferred to 
 " him,. in which fullen humour having lived many years he died, and was buried in London, 
 " ill St. Martin's, near Charing Crofs." (Life of Lord Herbert, p. 15.) 
 
 ° At the inflance of Count Gondomar, the Spanifli ambalTador, Sir Robert Manfell, Vice- 
 Admiral of England, was fent in 1620, with a fleet for the Mediterranean, with a view to 
 humble the Algerine pirates, who infefted the Spanifli coafls. Captain Thomas Herbert had 
 then the command of the Marmaduke, a merchant (hip, of fifty men and twelve guns. (Le- 
 
 dinrt's Naval Hi/lory, Vol. II. p. 45.) Sir Robert in a letter to the Duke of Buckingham, 
 
 dated from aboard the Lyon, in Alegant road, informs his Grace of the event of this expedi- 
 tion againfl the Algerines, and names Captain Giles and Captain Herbert as very adlive in af- 
 fifting him. (Catala,p. 323.) 
 
 " " Elizabeth, my eldefc nftcr, was married to Sir Henry Jones, who by her had one fon 
 " and two daughters : The latter end of her time was the mod fickly and miferable that hath 
 " been known in our times, while for the fpace of about fourteen years (he languiflied and 
 " pined away to fkin and bones, and at laft died in London." CLfe of Lord Herbert, p. 15.) 
 
 " Margaret was married to John Vaughan fon and heir to Owen Vaughan, of Lluydart, by 
 " which match fome former differences betwixt our houfe and tliat were appeafed and recon- 
 « died." (lb. p. IS ) 
 
 " Frances, my youngefl filler, was married to Sir John Brown, Knight, in Lincolnfhire, 
 " who had by her divers children, the eldefl of whom, though young, fought divers duels; in 
 " one of which it was his fortune to kill one Lee, of a great family in Lancafliire." ( Ib.p. 16.) 
 
 To Elizabeth, his eldefl fiflcr, was written tlie following afTcdlionate letter by Mr. George 
 Herbert : 
 
 " FOR MY DEAR SICK SISTER. 
 " MOST DEAR. SISTER, 
 
 " Think not my filence forgetfubiefs, or that my love is as dumb as my papers ; though 
 " bufinefs may flop my hand, yet my heart, a much better member, is always with you : and, 
 " which is more, with our good and gracious God, inceJantly begging fome eafe of your pains, 
 " with that earneftnefsj that becomes your griefs and my love. God, who knows and fees 
 
 this
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 325 
 
 fay more, than that they were all married to perfons of worth, and plentiful 
 fonunes ; and lived to be examples of virtue, and to do good in their gene- 
 rations. 
 
 I now come to give my intended account of George'', who was the fifth 
 of thofe feven brothers. 
 
 George Herbert fpent much of his childhood in a fwcet content under 
 the eye and care of his prudent mother, and the tuition of a chaplain or tu- 
 tor to him, and two of his brothers, in her own family (for fhe was then a 
 w^idow), where he continued till about the age of twelve years ; and being 
 at that time well inftrudled in the rules of grammar, he was not long after 
 commended to the care of Dr. Neale% who was then Deanof Weflminfter, 
 
 and 
 
 " this writing, knows alfo that my folicitlng him has been much, and my tears many for you ; 
 " judge me then by thofe waters, and not by my ink, and then you {hall judly value 
 
 ** Your moil truly, 
 " Mod heartily, 
 
 " Affectionate brother and fervant, 
 
 " DECEM. 6, z6zO^ TRIN'. COL. 
 
 " GEORGE HERBERT." 
 
 P " My brother George was fo excellent a fcholar, that lie was made the public orator of the 
 " univerfity in Cambridge, fome of whofe Englifli works are extant ; which, though they be 
 " rare in their kind, yet are far fhort of expreffnig thofe perfections he had in the, Greek and 
 " Latin tongue, and all divine and human literature : His life was mod holy and exemplary, 
 '' infomuch that about Salifbury where he lived beneficed for many years, he was little lefs 
 " than fainted. He was not exempt from pafTion and choler, being infirmities to which all 
 " our race is fubjecl, but, that excepted, without reproach in his actions." fLife of Lord Her- 
 bert, p. 12, 13.) 
 
 1 It has been faid of Dr. Richard Neale, tHat no one was more thoroughly acquainted with 
 the diftrefles as well as the conveniences of the clergy, having ferved the Church as fchool- 
 malter, curate, vicar, redor, Mafler of the Savoy, Dean of ^^ eflminfter, Clerk of the Clofet 
 to James I. and Charles I. Biftiop of Rochefter, Litchfield, Durham, Winchcfter, and Arch- 
 bifliop of York. To the Church and churchmen he was very fcrviccablc by oppofing the fcc- 
 taries in their purfuits for ecclefiaftical preferment, which they indcfatigably hunted after, 
 and thereby he drew on himfelf their general hatred. Prynne and Burton honoured him with 
 the appellation of" a Popifli Arminian Prelate," and omitted no opportunity of fhewing their 
 inveteracy againfl; him. " He died," fays Echard, " full of years as he w.is full of honours ; 
 " a faithful fubject to his prince, an indulgent father to his clergy, a bountiful patron to his 
 ^* chaplains, and a true friend to all that relied upon him."
 
 326 THE LIFE OF 
 
 and by him to the care of Mr. Ireland', who was then chief maftcr of that 
 fchool ; where the beauties ofhis pretty behaviour and wit Ihined and be- 
 came fo eminent and lovely in this his innocent age, that he fcemed to be 
 marked out for piety, and to become the care of Heaven, and of a particu- 
 lar good angel to guard and guide him. And thus he continued in that 
 fchool, till he came to be perfed: in the learned languages, and efpecially in 
 the Greek tongue, in which he after proved an excellent critic. 
 
 About the age of fifteen (he being then a king's fcholar) he was elefted 
 out of that fchool for Trinity College in Cambridge, to which place he was 
 tranfplanted about the year 1608 j and his prudent mother, well-knowing 
 that he might eaiily lofe or leffen that virtue and innocence, which her ad- 
 vice and example had planted in his mind, did therefore procure the ge- 
 nerous and liberal Dr. NeviP, who was then Dean of Canterbury, and 
 
 Mafter 
 
 'He was made Mafler of Weftminflcr School in 1,599, and continued fo to 1610. Hackct, 
 afterward Bifliop of Litclificld, was elected from Weflminller School at the {,\me time with Mr. 
 George Herbert into Trinity College. When they left fchool, Mr. Ireland told them, *' That 
 " he expefled to have credit by them two at the univerfity, or would never hope for it after- 
 " wards while he lived." CDr. Plume's Account of the Life and Death of Bi/ljop Hacket. ) 
 
 * Thomas Nevil, D. D. eminent for riie fplendour of his birth, his extraordinary piety and 
 learning, was educated at Pembroke Hall in the univerfity of Cambridge. In 1582 he was 
 admitted Mafler of Magdalen College in the fame univerfity, and in 1593 he fucceeded Dr. 
 John Still in the Mafterfliip of Trinity College, being then dean of the cathedral church of Pe- 
 terborough, over which he prcfided commendabiy eight years. •' Of theCollege of the Holy 
 " and undivided Trinity, now not only famous in that univerfity, but in all Europe, which 
 " was decayed and near falling, and through age incoherent and irregular, he was the modera- 
 •* tor, the enlarger, and moft happy reftorer ; by his advice, favour, and liberal gift of money, 
 ♦' the ill-difpofcd buildings were taken down andrebuilt in a more elegant form, the ways and 
 " ancient areas made regular and enlargedby newand excellent embellifliments and ornaments, 
 " and brought to the remarkable beauty it now bears." (From a MS. extant in Trinity Col- 
 lege, and called NEVIL.) Upon the demife of Queen Elizabeth, Dr. Nevil, who had been 
 
 promoted to the deanery of Canterbury in 1597, was fent by Archbifliop Whitgift to King 
 James into Scotland, in the names of the bifhops and clergy of England, to tender their 
 bounden duties, and to undcrftand his Highnefs's pleafure for, the ordering and guiding of the 
 clergy. The dean brought a mofl gracious anfwer of his Highnefs's purpofe, which was to 
 uphold and maintain the government of the late Queen, as (lie left it fettled. Of Dr. Nevil 
 .fee "Todd's Deans of Canterbury," p. 66, 83.
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 327 
 
 Maftcr of that college, to take him into his particular care, and provide him 
 a tutor ; which he did moft gladly undertake ; for he knew the excellencies 
 of his mother, and how to value Inch a friendfhip. 
 
 This was the method of his education, till he was fettled in Camhridge, 
 where we will leave him in his ftudy, till 1 have paid my promifed account 
 of his excellent mother, and I will endeavour to make it Ihort. 
 
 1 have told her birth, her marriage, and the number of her children, and 
 have given fome fhort account of them; I fhall next tell the reader, that 
 her hufband died when our George was about the age of four years : I am 
 next to tell that fhe continued twelve years a widow ; that (he then mar- 
 ried happily to a noble gentleman', the brother and heir of the Lord Dan- 
 vers, Earl of Danby, who did highly value both her perfon and the mcft 
 excellent endowments of her mind. 
 
 In this time of her widowhood, fhe being defirous to give Edward, her 
 eldeft fon, fuch advantages of learning and other education as might fuit his 
 birth and fortune, and thereby make him the more fit for the fervice of 
 his country, did at his being of a fit age remove from Montgomery Caftfe 
 with him, and fome of her younger fons, to Oxford ; and having entered 
 Edward into Queen's College, and provided him a fit tutor, {he commended 
 him to his care ; yet llie continued there with him, and dill kept him in a 
 moderate awe of herfelf, and fo much under her own eye, as to fee and 
 converfe with him daily : but ihe managed this power over him without 
 any fuch rigid fournefs, as might make her company a torment to her child, 
 but with fuch a fweetnefs and compliance with the recreations and pleafures 
 of youth, as did incline him willingly to fpend much of his time in the com- 
 pany of his dear and careful mother ; which was to her great content : for 
 fhe would often fay, " That as our bodies take a nourifliment fuitable to 
 " the meat on which we feed ; fo our fouls do as infenfibly take in vice by 
 " the example or converfation with wicked company :" and would there- 
 fore as often fay, " That ignorance of vice was the beft prefervation of vir- 
 " tue ; and that the very knowledge of wickednefs was as tinder to in- 
 " flame and kindle fin, and to keep it burning." For thefe reafons {he en- 
 deared him to her own company, and continued with him in Oxford four 
 
 years ; 
 
 ' Sir John Danvers.
 
 328 THE LIFE OF 
 
 years ; in which time her great and harmlefs wit, her cheerful gravity, and 
 her obliging behaviour, gained her an acquaintance and fricndfliip with 
 moft of any eminent worth or learning that were at that time in or near 
 that univerfity ; and particularly with Mr. John Donne, who then came 
 accidentaly to that place in this time of her being there. It was that 
 John Donne who was after Dr. Donne, and Dean of St. Paul's London ; 
 and he, at his leaving Oxford, writ and left there, in verfe, a charad.er of 
 the beauties of her body and mind : Of the firft he fays. 
 
 No fpring nor fummer beauty has fuch grace 
 As I have fcen in an autumnal face. 
 
 Of the latter he fays. 
 
 In all her words to every hearer fit, 
 You may at revels, or at council fit". 
 
 The reft of her charadter may be read in his printed poems, in that eleg3r 
 which bears the name of " The Autumnal Beauty." For both he and ihe 
 were then paft the meridian of man's life. 
 
 This amity, begun at this time and place, was not an amity that pol- 
 luted their fouls ; but an amity made up of a chain of fuitable inclinations 
 and virtues ; an amity like that of St. Chryfoftom's to his dear and virtuous 
 Olympias'''; whom, in his letters, he calls his 6'^;/«/, or an amity, indeed, 
 more like that of St. Hierom to his Paula ; whofe afFedion to her was fuch 
 
 that 
 
 " " Here dwells he, [Love] though he fojourns eveiy where 
 " In progrefs, yet his ftanding houfe is here ; 
 " Here, where ftill evening is, not noon nor night, 
 " Where no voluptuoufnefs, yet all delight, 
 " In all her words unto all hearers fit, 
 " You may at revels, you at councils fit." 
 
 (Donne's Poems, The Autumnal, 'v. lo.) 
 
 * Of the charafter of Olympias, an accompliflied woman, and much efteemed by St Cliry- 
 foftom, who delighted in her converfation, and wrote no lefs than feventeen letters to her in 
 the time of his banifhmcnt, fee " Cave's Lives of the Fathers," Vol. II. p. 503.
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. ^^25 
 
 that he turned poet In his old age, and then made her epitaph' ; ivijhing all 
 his body were turned into tongues., that he might declare her jujl praifes to po^ 
 Jlerity. And this amity betwixt her and Mr. Donne was begun in a happy- 
 time for him, he being then near to the fortieth year of his age (which was 
 fome years before he entered into facred orders) ; a time when his necef- 
 fities needed a daily fupply for the fupport of his wife, feven children, and 
 a family : And in this time fhe proved one of his mod bountiful benefac- 
 tors ; and he as grateful an acknowledger of it. You may take one tefti- 
 mony for what I have faid of thefc two worthy perfons, from this follow- 
 ing letter ajid fonnet. 
 
 " Your favours to me are everywhere; I ufe them, and have them. 
 " I enjoy them at London, and leave them there ; and yet find them at Mi- 
 " cham. Such riddles as thefe become things inexpreflible ; and fuch is 
 " your goodnefs. I was almoft forry to find your fervant here this day, 
 " becaufe I was loth to have any witnefs of my not coming home laft 
 " night, and indeed of my coming this morning : But my not coming was 
 " excufable, becaufe earneft bufinefs detained me ; and my coming this 
 " day is by the example of your St. Mary Magdalen, who rofe early upon 
 " Sunday, to feek that which fhe loved moft ; and fo did 1. And, from 
 " her and myfelf, I return luch thanks as are due to one to whom we owe 
 " all the good opinion, that they whom we need moft have of us. )^y 
 
 3 A " tliis 
 
 T St. Jerom thus begins a long epiflle, which he addrefles to Euflochium, the daughter of 
 Paula, on whofe life and death he expatiates largely : " Si cundla corpori- mci verba verte- 
 " rentur in linguas et omnes artus humanJ voce refonarent, nihil dignum fanftte ac venerabilis 
 " Pauliie virtutibus dicerem. Nobilis genere, fed multo nobilior fanclitate, p.itens quondam 
 " divitiis, fed nunc Chrilli paupertate infignior, Gracchorunj Itirps, foboles Scipionum, P^uli 
 " h?eres." Much encomium will fcarce be thought due to the epithet on Pnula (for which 
 fee " Hieronymi Opera," Tom. I. p 6^. and alfo " Sandys's Travels," p. 130, 140.) ; and it 
 may be a m itter of doubt whether the conduct of that lady dividing her effeifts among her 
 children, abandoning her family, ind, under the pretence of devotion, wandering from place 
 to place, can entitle her to any great fliare of praife. 
 
 /
 
 330 THE LIFE OF 
 
 this meflcnger, and on this good day, I commit the inclofed holy hymns 
 and fonnets (which for the matter, not the workmanlhip, have yet efcaped 
 the fire), to your judgment, and to your protcdion too, if you think them 
 worthy of it; and 1 have appointed this inclofed fonnet to uflaer them to 
 your happy hand. 
 
 *' Your unworthieft fervant, 
 
 " Unlefs your accepting him to be fo 
 
 " Have mended him, 
 
 MiCHAM, July >i, 1607. 
 
 " JO. DONNE." 
 
 TJJ THE XAtlY MAGDAtEN HERBERT ; OF ST. MARY MACDAtEN. 
 
 Her of your name, whofe fair inheritance 
 
 Bethina was, and jointure Magdalo ; 
 An a6live faith fo highly did advance, 
 
 That fhe once knew more than the Church did know, 
 The refurreclion ; fo much good there is 
 
 Deliver'd of her, that fome fathers be 
 Loth to believe one woman could do this ; 
 
 But think thefe Magdalens were two or three. 
 Increafe their number, Lady, and their fame ; 
 
 To their devotion, add your innocence ; 
 Take fo much of th' example as of the name ; 
 
 The latter half ; and in fome recompcnce 
 That they did harbour Chrift himfelf a guefl. 
 
 Harbour thefe hymns, to his dear name addreft. 
 
 J. D. 
 
 Thefe hymns are now loft to us; but doubtlefs they were fuch, as they 
 two now fmg in heaven. 
 
 There might be more demonftrations of the friendlhip, and the many 
 facred endearments betwixt thefe two excellent perfons (for I have many 
 of their letters in my hand; and much more might be faid of her great 
 prudence and piety; but my defign was not to write h«r's, but the Life of 
 
 her
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 331 
 
 her Son ; and therefore I fhall only tell my reader, that about that very day 
 twenty years that this letter was dated, and fent her, I faw and heard this 
 Mr. John Donne (who was then Dean of St. Paul's) weep, and preach her 
 funeral fermon, in the pariih-church of Chelfey, near London ; where flic 
 now refts in her quiet grave j and where we muft now leave her, and return 
 to her fon George, whom wc left in his fludy in Cambridge. 
 
 And in Cambridge we may find our George Herbert's behaviour to be 
 fuch, that we may conclude, he confecrated the firft-fruits of his early age 
 to virtue, and a ferious ftudy of learning And that he did fo, this follow- 
 ing letter and fonnet, which were in the firft year of his going to Cambridge 
 fent his dear mother for a new-year's gift, may apppear to be fome tefti- 
 mony. 
 
 " But I fear the heat of my late ague hath dried up thofe fprings, 
 
 *' by which fcholars fay, the mufes ufe to take up their habitations. How- 
 " ever I need not their help, to reprove the vanity of thofe many love- 
 " poems that are daily writ and confecrated to Venus; nor to bewail that 
 *' fo few are writ, that look towards God and heaven. For my own part, 
 " my meaning (dear mother) is in thefe fonncts, to declare my reioiution 
 " to be, that my poor abilities in poetry fhall be all and ever confecrated 
 '' to God's glory; and I beg you to receive this as one teftimony." 
 
 JlyGod, where is that ancient heat towards thee. 
 Wherewith whole Ihoals of martyrs once did burn, 
 
 Befides their other flames ? Doth poetry 
 Wear Venus livery ? only fefve her turn ? 
 Why are not fonnets made of thee ? and layes 
 
 Upon thine altar burnt ? Cannot thy love 
 
 Heighten a fpirit to found out thy praife 
 As well as any fhe ? Cannot thy dove 
 Out-ftrip their Cupid eafily in flight ? - 
 
 Or, fince thy ways are deep,, and ftill the fame, . 
 
 Will not a verfe run fmooth that bears thy name ! 
 Why doth that fire, which by thy power and might 
 
 Each bread does feel no braver fewel choofe 
 V Than that, which one day worms may chance refuft. . 
 
 3 A 2 Sure,
 
 332 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Sure, Lord, tliere is enough in thee to dry 
 
 Oceans of ink ; for, as the deluge did 
 
 Cover the earth, fo doth thy majefty : 
 Each cloud diftils thy praife, and doth forbid 
 Poets to turn it to anotlier ufc. 
 
 Rofes and lilies fpeak thee ; and to make 
 
 A pair of checks of them is thy abufe. 
 Why fliould I women's eyes for cryftal take ? 
 'Surh poor invention burns in their low mind 
 
 Whofe fire is wild, and doth not upward go 
 
 To praife and on thee. Lord, fome ink bellow. 
 Open the bones, and you (hall nothing find 
 In the bed face but filth ; when. Lord, in thee 
 The beauty lies, in the difcovery. G. K 
 
 This was his refolution at the fending this letter to his dear mother ; 
 about which time, he was in the feventeenth year of his age; and as he 
 grew older, fo-he grew in learning, and more and more in favour both 
 with God and man; infomuch, that in this morning of that fliort day of 
 his life, he feem'd to be mark'd out for virtue, and to become the care of 
 heaven ; for God ftill kept his foul in fo holy a frame, that he may, and 
 ought to be a pattern of virtue to all pofterity, and efpccially to his brethren 
 of the clergy, of which the reader may expedl a more exa(9: account in 
 what will follow. 
 
 I need not declare that he was a ftri£t ftudent, becaufe, that he was fo, 
 there will be many teftimonies in the future part of his life. I fhall there- 
 fore only tell, that he was made Bachelor of Arts in the year i6i i ; Major 
 Fellow of the College, March 15, 1615^: And that in that year he was 
 alfo m.ade Matter of Arts, he being then in the 2 2d year of his age; during 
 
 all 
 
 ' It appears from the Burfar's books of Trinity College, that Mr. Herbert was ele<fled a 
 fcholar of the houfe, May 5, 1609; Minor Fellow, 0£1:. 3, 1614; and Major Fellow, March 
 15, 1615. He was matriculated, Dec. 18, 1609, by the name of Georgius Harbert, the firft 
 among the penfioners of Trinity College; became B. A. in 1612; M. A. in 1616; and on 
 the 2i(l of Oftober, 1619, was fubllituted to the office of Orator in the abfence of Sir Francis 
 Netherfole, Knight, then abroad on the king's bufinefs. (From the Grace Booh of the Unlvetfuy 
 ff Camhr'idge, )
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 
 
 .^5 
 
 all which time, all, or the greateft diverfion from his ftudy^ was the pradice 
 of mufic, in which he became a great matter j and of which he would fay, 
 " That it did relieve his drooping fpirits, compofe his diftraded thoui;,hts, 
 " and raifed his weary foul fo far above the earth, that it gave him an 
 " earneft of the joys of heaven before he poifeft them." And it may be 
 noted, that from his firft entrance into the college, the generous Dr. Nevil 
 was a cherifher of his ftudies, and fuch a lover of his perfon, his behaviour, 
 and the excellent endowments of his mind, that he took him often into his 
 own company, by which he confirmed his native gentlenefs; and, if during 
 this time he exprefled any error, it was that he kept himfelf too much retired, 
 and at too great a diftance with all his inferiors; and his clothes feemed to 
 prove, that he put too great a value on his parts and parentage*. 
 
 This may be fome account of his difpofition and of the employment of his 
 time, till he was Mafter of Arts, which was anno 1 6 1 5 ; and in the year 
 1619 he was chofen Orator '' for the Univerfity. His two precedent 
 
 Orators, 
 
 » This is a true pi£lure of a young academician, whom vanity incites to affix too great a 
 value on the fplendour of birth, and the frivolous diftindions of hereditary rank. At this 
 time Mr. Herbert's pecuniary refources were not very plentiful. In a letter dated March 18, 
 161 7, he writes ; " I protefl and vow I even fludy thrift, and yet I am fcarce able, with much 
 " ado, to make one half-year's allowance fliake the hands with the other." 
 
 He fecms to have been prodigioufly fond of fine clothes ; for his biographer tells us after- 
 ward, that " he enjoyed his gentile humour for fine clothes and court-like company." And 
 it appears that he did not change " his fword and filk clothes into a canonical coat," till four 
 years after he was Prebendary of Lincoln. If his tafte in this refpefl had been doubted, he 
 might have anfwered as Autolicus did to the fimple Shepherd. 
 
 " S/:cp. Are you a courtier, an like you, Sir ? 
 
 " Jut. Whether it like me, or no, I am a courtier. Seeft thou not the air of a court in 
 " thefe enfoldings .■* hath not my gaite in it the meafure of the court ?" 
 
 Shake/pear's Winter's Tale, Aa IV. Scetie XI. 
 
 * Of the office of Orator, which ftill continues the moft honourable academical employment, 
 Mr. Herbert has given the beft dcfcription in a letter to a friend. " The Orator's place, that 
 " you may underftand whafit is, is the fined place in the univerfity, though not the gaiii- 
 " fuUeft, yet that will be about 301. per annu.ti ; But the commodioufnefs is beyond the 
 
 ** revenue,
 
 .334 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Orators were Sir Robert Nanton' and Sir Francis Netherfole'' : The firft 
 was not long after made Secretary of State ; and Sir Francis, not very long 
 
 after 
 
 " revenue, for the Orator writes all the univerfity letters, makes all the orations, be it to the 
 " king, prince, or whatever comes to the univerfity. To requite thefe pains, he takes place 
 " next the Doftors, is at all their aflemblies and meetings, and fits above the Prodlors ; is 
 " Regent or Non-regent at his pleafure, and fuch like gaynefTes which will pleafe a young 
 " man well." 
 
 = " Robertus Naunton, Difcipulus, Mali 2, 1582. Soe. Minor, Oct. 2, 1585. Soc. Major, 
 " Mar. 15, 1586." (Burfar's Books at Tr'in Coll.) Sir Robert Naunton, a native of Suffolk, 
 was defcended from a very ancient family in that county. He was tranfplanted from Trinity 
 College to Trinity Hall, where he was chofen Fellow. He was the author of " Fragments 
 " Regalia, or Obfervations on the late Queen Elizabeth, her Times and Favourites," a tract 
 ufually printed along with " Arcana Aulica -, or Walfingham's Manual of Prudential Maxims 
 for the Statefman and Courtier ;" the one being a compendium of politics for the ordering of 
 a court life, the other a judicious collection of great examples that have afted in conformity 
 to thofe precepts, and made themfelves famous to pofterity in their refpettlve Rations. He 
 improved the opportunity of recommending himfelf to James I. at Hinching-brook, where 
 the Univerfity met his Majefty on his firft arrival from Scotland. The King was fo well 
 pleafed with his eloquence and learning, that he firft appointed him Secretary of State, and 
 then Mafter of the Wards. Mr. Howell, in one of his letters, relates of him, that while he 
 attended on the Earl of Rutland, as Ambaflador to Denmark, he was appointed to deliver a 
 Latin oration before the King. At the beginning of his fpeech, when he had pronounced 
 Screniffime Rex, he was daflied out of countenance, and fo gravelled, that he could go no 
 farther. 
 
 '^ Francifcus Netherfole, Difcipulus, Ap. 12, 1605. Soc. Minor, Sep. 18, 1608. Soc. Major, 
 ?vlar. 23, 1609. C Burfar's Booh of Trinity College. ) This gentleman, born at Netherfole, in 
 the county of Kent, was preferred to be Ambaflador to the Princes of the Union, and Secre- 
 tary to the Lady Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia. It is hard to fay, whether he was ir.ore re- 
 markable for his doings or fuferings On her behalf. He married Lucy, eldeft daughter of Sir 
 Henry Goodyear, of Polefworth in Warwickfhire, by whofe encouragement, being free of 
 himfelf to any good defign, he founded and endowed a very fair fchool at Polefworth afore- 
 faid. (^ir William DugdaWs Hijl. ofWarivicltJlnre.) 
 
 James L paivl a vifit to the Univerfity of Cambridge, in March 1614-15. When "Heepaffed 
 into Trinity College, where all the houfe ranked on each fide the entrance, he was pre- 
 fented with a (hort oration by the Orator of the Univerfity, Mr. Francis Netherfole, Fellow 
 of the faid college, kneeling all the while on his knees, the which his Majefty gracioufly 
 
 accepted
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. ^^• 
 
 after his being Orator, was made Secretary to the Lady Elizabeth Queen of 
 Bohemia. In this place of Orator, our George Herbert continued eight 
 years, and managed it with as becoming and grave a gaiety as any had ever 
 before or fince his time. For, " He had acquired great learning, and was 
 *' bleft with a high fancy, a civil and fliarp wit, and with a natural elegance, 
 " both in his behaviour, his tongue, and his pen." Of all which, there might 
 be very many particular evidences, but I will limit myfelf to the mention of 
 but three. 
 
 And the firft notable occafiorv of fhewing his fitnefs for this employment 
 of Orator was manifefted in a letter to King James, upon the occafion of 
 his fending that Univerfity his book, called " Bafilicon Doron';" and 
 
 their 
 
 accepted." (From a MS. in the pojjijjion of Mr Todd, author of " The Uvcs of the Deans of 
 Canterbury") He was blamed at the time of the royal vifit, *' for calling the Prince Jacob- 
 ijjlme Carole ; and fome will add, that he called him Jacobale too, which neither pleafed the 
 king nor any body elfe." To this circumftance is an allufion in a fong written at that 
 time. 
 
 " Moft Jacob Charles," did Cambridge cry, " you welcome are to us." 
 •' An Oxford boy," &.C. 
 
 Yet, notwithftanding this cenfure, the claffical reader will be much pleafed with the perufal 
 of a funeral oration, fpoken by Sir Francis Netlierfole before the Vice-chancellor and the 
 Univerfity, to the memory of Henry Prince of Wales. It is inferted in Bates's " Vita; 
 feledlorum aliquot Virorum." 
 
 * Or " His Majefty's Inftruftions to his dcared Son Henry the Prince," 1599. It has been 
 confidered as the bed of the King's works, and in the opinion of Lord Bacon is excellently 
 written. ( Bacon's Works, Vol. 111. p. 223, 118.) " In this book," fays Mr. Camden, "is 
 " moft elegantly pourtrayed and fet forth the pattern of a moft excellent, every way accom- 
 " pliflied, king. Incredible it is how many men's hearts and afledions he won unto him by 
 " his correding of it, and what an expectation of himfelf he raifed amongft all men even to 
 " admiration." And Archbifliop Spotfwood obferves, that it is faid to have contributed more 
 to facilitate the King's accelTion ta the throne of England, than ?.ll the difcourfes publilhcd by 
 other writers in his favour. 
 
 The famous Andrew Melv'tn, or rather .^-/^/wV/f, having obtained a copy of the " Doron Ba- 
 filicon" in manufcrlpt, thought fome palTages fo very exceptionable, that he directed feveral 
 copies to be circulated in different parts of Scotland. In confequence of this, a libel was drawn 
 
 up
 
 336 THE LIFE OF 
 
 their Orator was to acknowledge this great honour, and return their grati- 
 tude to his Majefty for fuch a condefcenfion, at the clofe of which letter 
 he writ, 
 
 " Quid Vaticanam Bodleianamque objicis hofpes ! 
 " Unicus eft nobis Bibliotheca Liber." 
 
 This letter was writ in fuch excellent Latin, was fo full of conceits, and 
 all the expreflions fo fuited to the genius of the King, that he inquired the 
 orator's name, and then afked William Earl of Pembroke, if he knew him ? 
 whofe anfwer was, " That he knew him very well, and that he was his 
 *' kinfman; but he lov'd him more for his learning and virtue, than for 
 " that he was of his name and family." At which anfwer, the King 
 fmiled, and afked the Earl leave, " That he might love him too; for he 
 *' took him to be the jewel of that univerfity." 
 
 The next occafion he had and took to fhew his great abilities was with 
 them, to {hew alfo his great afFcdion to that church in which he received 
 his baptifm, and of which he profefled himfelf a member ; and the 
 occafion was this : There was one Andrew Melvin, a minifter of the 
 
 Scotch 
 
 up againft the vrork and laid before the Synod of St Andrew's, by a minifter of the kirk. To 
 vindicate himfelf, James caufed it to be publilhed in 1599. 
 
 It may not be improper here to mention an inftance of courtly addrefs noticed by Bifhop 
 Hacket in his " Life of Archbifliop Williams," p. 175. Having remarked that the King, on 
 opening the Parliament in 1623, feafted the twohoufes with z fpeech, than which nothing could 
 be apterfor thefubjeB, or more eloquent for the matter ; he adds, " All the helps of that faculty 
 " were extremely perfedl in him, abounding in wit by nature, in art by education, in wifdom 
 " by experience. Mr. George Herbert, being Prxleclor in the Rhetorique School in Cam- 
 " bridge, anno 1618, pafled by thofe fluent orators that domiiieered in the pulpits of Athens 
 '* and Rome, and infifted to read upon an oration of King James, which he analyfed, fliewed 
 " the concinnity of the parts, the propriety of the phrafe, the height and power of it to move 
 " the afFeftions, the ftyle utterly unknown to the ancients^ who could not conceive what kingly 
 " eloquence was j in refpeft of which thofe noted demagogi were but hirelings, and triobulary 
 " rhetoricians." 
 
 Let it not be forgotten that Mr. Herbert was then a very young man, fluftied with hopes of 
 obtaining promotion in a court, where all the blandiftiments of adulation were praftifed — 
 Time, experience, and ferious contemplation, effeftuated a change in his mind, and totally 
 alienated him from every ambitious purfuit.
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 337 
 
 Scotch Church, and redor of St. Andrews, who, by a long and conftant 
 converfe, with a difcontented part of that clergy which oppoled Epif- 
 copacy, became at laft to be a chief leader of that fadlion ; and had 
 proudly appeared to be fo to King James, when he was but King of that 
 nation, who, the fecond year after his coronation in England, convened a 
 part of the biihops and other learned divines of his church, to attend him 
 at Hampton-Court, in order to a friendly conference with fome diflenting 
 brethren, both of this, and the Church of Scotland : Of which Scotch party, 
 Andrew Melvin was one*^; and he being a man of learning, and inclined 
 to fatirical poetry, had fcattered many malicious bitter verfes againft our 
 liturgy, our ceremonies, and our church-government; which were by fome 
 of that party fo magnified for the wit, that they were therefore brought 
 into Wcftminfler School, where Mr. George Herbert then, and often 
 after, made fuch anfwers to them, and fuch retledlion on him and his kirk, 
 as might unbeguile any man that was not too deeply pre-engaged in fuch a 
 quarrel. 
 
 But to return to Mr. Melvin at Hampton-Court Conference, he there 
 appeared to be a man of an unruly wit, of a ftrange confidence, of fo 
 furious a zeal, and of fo ungoverned pafTions, that his infolence to the 
 King, and others at this conference, loft him both his redlorfhip of St. An- 
 drews, and his liberty too: For his former verfes, and his prefent reproaches 
 there ufed againft the church and ftate, caufed him to be committed 
 prifoner to the Tower of London, where he remained very angry for three 
 years. At which time of his commitment, he found the Lady Arabella, an in- 
 nocent prifoner there*; and he pleafed himfelf much in fending the next day 
 
 3 B after 
 
 ' Andrew Melville was not prefent at the celebrated conference held at H.impton Court, in 
 the firlt year of King James I. upon the complaint of the Puritan? againft the ceremonies and 
 the liturgy of the Cluirch oi England. He was fummoned to appear before the King and 
 Council in 1604. In the firft edition of " Mr. Walton's Life of Mr George Herbert,"' JNIel- 
 villc is dclcribed to be *' Majler of a great ivit; a ivit full of knots and clenches i a luitfljarp and 
 *' fatirical ; exceeded, I think, by none of that nation, but their Buchanan." 
 
 K This unfortunate Lady Arabella Stuart, daughter of Charles Earl of Lenox, the younger - 
 brother of Henry Darnley, the King's father, died in prifon, Sept. 27th, 1615, and was inter- 
 red at Weftminfter, without any funeral pomp, in the night, in t!ie fume vault wherein Mary 
 
 Queen
 
 33^ THE LIFE OF 
 
 after his commitment, thefe two vcrfes to the good lady ; which I will under- 
 write, becaufe they may give the reader a tafte of his others, which were 
 like thefe — 
 
 " Caufa tibi mccum eft communis, carceris, Ara- 
 " Bella, tlbi caufa eft, Araque facra mihi." 
 
 I fhall not trouble my reader with an account of his enlargement from 
 that prifon, or his death ; but tell him Mr. Herbert's verfes were thought 
 
 fo 
 
 Queen of Scots and Prince Henry were buried. The following epitaph was written upon her 
 by Bifliop Corbet. She is fuppofed to be the fpeaker. 
 
 " How do I thank thee. Death, and blefs thy power, 
 
 " That I have pafs'd the guard and 'fcap'd the Tower ! 
 
 " And now my pardon is my epitaph, 
 
 " And a fniall coffin my poor carcafe hath. 
 
 " For at tliy charge both loiil and body we«'e 
 
 " Enlarg'd at laft, fecure from hope and fear. 
 
 " TJi.at among faints, this among kings is laid, 
 
 " And what my birth did claim my death has paid." 
 
 Owen the epigrammatift dedicates a "Book of Epigrams to this lady, whom he ftyles " ex- 
 " cellentilhrnam et dodtiftimam hcroinam." 
 
 " Jlegia progenies, genere illuftrinima virgo, 
 " Nee minus ingenio nobilitante genus. 
 " Ingenii fruftus tibi fert elfeitq; fecundos 
 
 " Primitias Dominx qui dedit ante fux, 
 " Seq; tibi tanquam belld virtutis in Ard 
 
 " Confecrat, ingenium facrificatq; fuum." 
 
 AuDOENi EricR. I. /r. Ep. i. 
 
 The lines quoted by Mr. Ifaac Walton v/ere infcribed by Andrew Melville, not to Lady 
 Arabella Stuart, but to Sir William Seymour, afterward Marquis of Hertford, who was then 
 imprifoned in the Tower, for marrying her without the King's confent. Fuller has tranfcribed 
 them differently : 
 
 " Caufa mihi tecum communis carceris, ara 
 " Regia belia tibi, regia facra milii." 
 
 Edward Philips, a nephew of Milton, publiftied his " Lives of the Poets" in 1615. He thus 
 quotes this diftich : 
 
 " Caufa mihi tecum communis carceris, Ara 
 " Bella tibi caufa eft carceris, Ara mihi." 
 
 This feenis to be the better reading. I»Iclville did not hold the altar to be facred.
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. ^^9 
 
 fb worthy to be preferved, that Dr. Duport, the learned Deaa of Peterbo- 
 rough, hath lately colleded and caufed many of them to be printed, as an 
 honouiable memorial of his friend Mr. George Herbert, and the caufe he 
 undertook'". 
 
 And, in order to my third and lafl: obfervation of his great abilities, it 
 will be needful to declare, that about this time King James came very often 
 to hunt at Newmarket and Royfton, and was almofl: as often invited to 
 Cambridge, where his entertainment was comedies fuited to his pleafant 
 humour' ; and where Mr. George Herbert was to welcome him with gra- 
 tulations and the applaufes of an orator, which he always performed fo 
 
 3 B 2 well, 
 
 '■ James Duport, the learned fon of a learneil father, John Duport, Maftcr of Jefus College, 
 Cambridge, was Greek ProfcfTor in that univcrfity. No one ever filled the chair with more 
 credit to himfelf. He imbibed the very language, the very fpirit of Homer. His admirable 
 Greek veriions of the book of Job, Ecclefiades, the Song of Solomon, and the Pfalms, will 
 perpetuate and endear his name to the admirers of claflic elegance. On the promotion of Dr. 
 Edward Rainbow to the fee of Carhfle, he was appointed Dean of Peterborough, and in i663 
 was eleded Mafter of Magdalen College, Cambridge. He publilhed a colletlion of Latin po- 
 ems of difVerent kinds in 1662, under the title of " Ecclefiaftes Solomonis, Auctore Joan. Vi- 
 viano, Canticum Solomonis, necnon Epigrammata facra, per Ja. Duportum. Accedunt 
 
 Georgii Herbert! Mufx rcfponforix ad Andrcx Melvini Anti-Tami-Cami-Categoriam " 
 
 " The Mufse rcfponforix" confift of fifty epigrams, as Mr Herbert himfelf calls them, in- 
 tended as an anfwer to a poem written by Andrew Melville, in Sappliic meafurc, againft the 
 difcipiine of the Church of England, containing fifty ftanzas, and addrefled to the univerfities 
 of Oxiurd and Cambridge. Three of Mr. Herbert's epigrams are infcribed to King James, 
 one to the Prince of Wales, one to the Bifliop of Winchefter, one to the people of Scotland, 
 exhorting them to peace, one to thofe whom he fuppofed to be led ailray by Melville and 
 other writers of his perfuafion, the hft to the Deity, and tlie reft to Melville himfelf. 
 
 In the Preface to this work, Duport thus fpeaks of Mr. Herbert : " Pofftquam \vxc fcripfe- 
 " ram, tradita mihi in manus funt a venerabili viro Gu. Dillingham, S. T. D. Coll. Eman. 
 " Praef. Epigrammata qusdam pro difcipllna ecclefioe noftrx apologetica, aliquot abhinc annis 
 " confcripta a Geo. Herbert, at quali et quanto viro, et poeta quam pio, qur.m ingeuiofo ! 
 " De quo prxftat omnino tacere quam pauca dicere ; prrefertim cum eximiam ejus pieta- 
 " tem adrnirabilis ingenii fale conditani loquetur Templuin, loquctur tempus, loquetur scterni- 
 '' tas. Hxc igitur carmina polita admodum et elegantia tm trazp^ ytvic-ix. tii-.x, et autorisgenium 
 " plane redolentia quafi aure.ie coronidis loco prioribus attexere vifum efb. 
 
 ' " Ignoramus," a Latin comedy, and " Albumazar," an Engliih comedy, from which Ben 
 Jonfon is accuCed by Mr. Dryden of having taken his ** Alchymift," were often adcd at Cam- 
 bridge before King James.
 
 340 THE LIFE OF 
 
 well, that he lllll grew more into the King's favour, infomuch that he had 
 a paitlcuiar appointment to attend his Majefty at Royfton; where, after a 
 diicourie with him, his Majefty declared to his kinfman, the Earl of Pem- 
 broke, " That he found the orator's learning and wifdom much above his 
 *' age or wit." The year following, the King appointed to end his pro- 
 grefs at Cambridge, and to (lay there certain days ; at which time he was 
 attended by the great fecretary of Nature and all learning, Sir Francis 
 Bacon*" (Lord Verulam), and by the ever memorable and learned Dr. 
 Andrews, Bilhop of Winchefter, both w^hich did at that time begin a de- 
 fired friendfliip with our orator. Upon whom, the firft put fuch a value 
 on his judgment, that he ufually defired his approbation before he would 
 expofe any of his books to be printed, and thought him fo worthy of his 
 friendfhip, that having tranflated many of the prophet David's Pfalms into 
 Englilh verfe, he made George Herbert his patron, by a public dedication' 
 of them to him, as the beft judge of divine poetry. And for the learned 
 bifhop,it is obfervable, that at that time there fell to be a modeft debate be- 
 twixt them two about predeftination and fanftity of life; of both which the 
 orator did, not long after, fend the bifhop fome fafe and ufeful aphorifms, in 
 
 a long 
 
 '' Such is the celebrity of the name of Bacon, that to mention it is to fuggeft an idea of 
 every thing great and fuper-eminent in knowledge .He is juftly ftyled by Sir Henry Votton 
 " Scientiarum lumen, facundix lex," in the infcription on his monument, in the church of St. 
 Alban's. This wonderful man, ignorant of geometry, would have been excluded from the 
 fchool of Plato. But he gained admittance into another fchool, that of Nature, *•' who ne- 
 •' ver before had fo noble nor fo true an interpreter, or never fo inward a fecretary of her ca- 
 " binet." 
 
 ' " TO HIS VERY GOOD FRIEND, MR. GEORGE HERBERT. 
 
 " The pains that it pleafed you to take about fome of my writings I cannot forget, which 
 " did put me in mind to dedicate to you this poor exercife of my ficknefs. Befides, it being 
 " my manner for dedications to choofe thofe that I hold moil fit for the argument, I thought 
 " that in refpeft of divinity and poefy met, whereof the one is the matter, the other the ftyle 
 ** of this little writing, I could not make better choice : fo with Cgnification of my love and 
 •' acknowledgment, 1 ever reft, 
 
 " Your afiedlionate friend, 
 
 ♦' FR. ST. ALBANS." 
 Mr. Herbert tranflated into Latin part of " The Advancement of Learning."
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 541 
 
 a long letter, written In Greek ; which letter was fo remarkable for the 
 language and reafon of it, that after the reading it, the bifhop put it into his 
 bofom, and did often ihew it to many fcholars, both of this and foreign na- 
 tions ; but did always return it back to the place where he firft lodged it, 
 and continued it fo near his heart till the laft day of his life. 
 
 To thefe, I might add the long and entire fricndthip betwixt him and 
 Sir Henry Wotton, and Dr. Donne, but I have promifed to contradt my- 
 felf, and fliall therefore only add one teftimony to what is alfo mentioned 
 in the Life of Dr. Donne ; namely, that a little before his death, he caufed 
 many feals to be made, and in them to be engraven the figure of Chrift 
 crucified on an anchor (the emblem of hope), and of which Dr. Donne 
 would often fay, " Crux mihi anchora""." Thefe feals he gave or fent to 
 moft of thofe friends on which he put a value; and, at Mr. Herbert's 
 death, thefe verfes were found wrapt up with that feal which was by the 
 dodor given to him : 
 
 When my dear friend could write no more, 
 He gave this feal and fo gave o'er. 
 
 When winds and waves rife higheft, I am fure. 
 This anchor keeps my faith, that me fecure. 
 
 At this time of being orator, he had learnt to underftand the Italian, 
 Spanifh, and French tongues very perfectly ; hoping, that as his predecef- 
 fors, fo he might in time attain the place of a fecretary of ftate, he being at 
 that time very high in the King's favour; and not meanly valued and loved by 
 the moft eminent and moft powerful of the court nobility: This, and the love 
 of a coiirt-converfation, mixed with a laudable ambition to be fomething 
 more than he then was, drew him often from Cambridge to attend the King, 
 wherefoever the court was, who then gave him a finecure, which fell into 
 his Majefty's difpofal, I think, by the death of the Bilhop of St. Afaph". — 
 It was the fame, that Queen Elizabeth had formerly given to her favourite 
 Sir Philip Sidney ; and valued to be worth a hundred and twenty pounds 
 
 per 
 
 * See " Walton's Life of Dr. Donne," p. 8i. 
 
 • Dr. Richard Parry, who died Sept. 26, 1623-
 
 34i THE LIFE OF 
 
 per annuui. With thi?, and his annuity, and the advantage of his college, 
 and of his oratorfhip, he enjoyed his genteel humour for clothes, and court- 
 like company, and feldom looked towards Cambridge, unlefs the King were 
 there, but then he never failed ; and, at other times, left the manage of 
 his orator's place to his learned friend Mr. Herbert Thorndike", who is 
 now prebendary of Weftminfter. 
 
 I may not omit to tell, that he had often defigned to leave the univerfity,. 
 and decline all ftudy, which, he thought, did impair his health ; for he had 
 a body apt to a confumption, and to fevers, and other infirmities, which 
 he judged were increafed by his ftudies ; for he would often fay, " He had 
 " too thoughtful a wit : a wit, like a penknife in too narrow a fheath, too 
 " fharp for his body." But his mother would by no means allow him to 
 leave the univerfity, or to travel ; and though he inclined very much to 
 both, yet he would by no means fatisfy his own delires at fo dear a rate, as 
 to prove an undutiful fon to fo affeftionate a mother ; but did always fub- 
 mit to her wifdom. And what I have now faid may partly appear in a co- 
 py of verfes in his printed poems ; it is one of thofe that bear the title of 
 
 " Afflidion ;" 
 
 ° Mr. Ilcibeit Thorndike was then fellow of Trinity College. He was ejected from-hii 
 fellowfliip by the ufurped powers, and admitted to the reclory of Barley in Hertfordfhire, 
 July 2, 1642. On the death of Dr. Samuel Ward, he was elefted to the Mafterfhip of Sid- 
 ney College, but was kept out of it by the oppreflions of the times. For his fufFerin^and 
 great learning he wasinftalled Prebendary of Weftminfter, Sept. 5, 1660. In the year following 
 he refigncd his living of Barley, and died in 1672. He affifted Dr. Walton in the edition of the 
 Polyglot Bible. Befides his celebrated work of " Juft Weights and Meafures ; that is, the 
 prefcnt State of Religion weighed in the Balance, and meafured by the Standard of the 
 Sanctuary." 410. 1662. — He compofed other trafts relative to the difterences which at that 
 time difturbed the peace of the Church. Some of his works, particularly thofe which were 
 publiflied in the latter part of his life, gave great oftence. He is accufed of leaning to the 
 Church of Rome, declaring that church to be a true church, the Pope not Antichrift, the Pa- 
 pifts not idolaters, whilft his averfion to the Prefbyterians and other feclaries exceeded all 
 bounds. Mr. Baxter has defcribed him as fpeaking once at the Savoy conference " a few im- 
 " pertinent paffionate words, confuting the opinion that had been received of him from his 
 " firft writings, and confirming that which his fecond and laft writings had given of him." — 
 See " Kennet's Regifter," p. 508, 618.
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 343 
 
 " Affli(5lion;'' and It appears to be a pious refledion on God's providence, 
 and fome pafTages of his life, in which he fays : 
 
 Whereas my birth and fpirit rather took 
 
 The way that takes the town : 
 Thou didft betray me to a ling'ring book, 
 
 And wrap me in a gown : 
 I was entangled in a world of ftrife, 
 Before I had the power to change my life- 
 
 Yet, for I threatened oft the fiege to raife, 
 
 Not fimp'ring all mine age ; 
 Thou often didft with academic praife 
 
 Melt and difTolve my rage : 
 I took the fweeten'd pill, till I came where- 
 I could not go away, nor perfevere. 
 
 Yet left perchance I fhould too happy be 
 
 In my unhappinefs. 
 Turning my purge to food, thou throweft mc 
 
 Into more ficknefles. 
 Thus doth thy power crofs-bias me, not making 
 Thine own gifts good, yet me from my ways taking. 
 
 Now I am here, wliat thou wilt do with mc 
 
 None of my books will fliew : 
 I read, and figh, and wifti I were a tree. 
 
 For then fure I (hould grow 
 To fruit or fhade, at leaft, fome bii^d would truft 
 Her houfehold with me, and I would be juft. 
 
 Yet though thou troubleft me, I muft be meek. 
 
 In weaknefs muft be ftout : 
 Well, I will change my fervice and go feek 
 
 Some other mafter out ; 
 Ah ! my dear God, though I am clean forgot. 
 Let me not love thee, if I love thee not. 
 
 G. H. 
 
 In this time of Mr. Herbert's attendance and expedation of fome good oc- 
 cafion to remove from Cambridge to court, God, in whom there is an unfeen 
 
 chain
 
 3/^4 THE LIFE OF 
 
 chain of caufes, did, in a fhort time, put an end to the lives of two of his 
 moft obliging and moft powerful friends, Lodowick Duke of Richmond", 
 and James Marquis of Hamilton''; and not long after him, King James 
 died alfo, and with them, all Mr. Herbert's court hopes ; fo that he pre- 
 fently betook himfelf to a retreat from London, to a friend in Kent, where 
 he lived very privately, and was fuch a lover of folitarinefs, as was judged 
 to impair his health more than his (ludy had done. In this time of retire- 
 ment, he had many confli^Sts with himfelf, whether he flaould return to the 
 painted pleafures of a court-life, or betake himfelf to a ftudy of divinity, and 
 enter into facred orders'? (to which his dear mother had often perfuaded 
 hi(n) — Thefe were fuch conflidls, as they only can know, that have endured 
 them ; for ambitious defires, and the outward glory of this world, are not 
 eafily laid afide ; but, at laft, God inclined him to put on a refolution to 
 ferve at his altar. 
 
 He did at his return to London, acquaint a court-friend with his refolu- 
 tion to enter into facred orders, who perfuaded him to alter it, as too mean 
 an employment, and too much below his birth, and the excellent abilities 
 and endowments of his mind. To whom he replied, " It hath been formerly 
 " judged that the domeftic fervants of the King of heaven, fhould be of the 
 " nobleft families on earth : and though the iniquity of the late times have 
 
 " made 
 
 P This nobleman, who was alfo Duke of Lenox in Scotland, and Lord Steward of his Ma- 
 jefty's Houfehold, died Feb. 25, 1625, the day on which a new Parliament was to meet. The 
 King, who was his relation, was fo much affe£ted at the news of his fudden death, that " he 
 " would not adorn himfelf that day to ride in his glories to the Parliament, but put it off to 
 " the nineteenth of February following, dedicating fome part of that time to the memory of 
 " his dead fervant." (JVilfon's Life and Reign of King James I.) 
 
 '^ A diftinguifhed favourite of James I. The deatli of thcfe two noblemen affected the 
 King exceedingly ; and when it was told him the Marquis was dead, he faid, *' If the branches 
 " be thus cut down, the flock cannot continue long" which faying proved too true, for fliortly af- 
 ter he fell into a fever, of which he died at Theobald's, March 27, 1625. 
 
 ' It appears from a letter written by Mr. George Herbert to one of his friends, and dated 
 March 18, 161 7, Trin. Coll. that he had devoted himfelf to the ftudy of divinity. " I want 
 " books extremely : you know, Sir, how I am now fetting foot into divinity, to lay the plat- 
 " form of my future life."
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 345 
 
 " made clergymen meanly valued, and the facred name of pricft contcmpt- 
 " ible ; yet I will labour to make it honourable, by confecrating all my learn- 
 *' ing, and all my poor abilities, to advance the glory of that God that gave 
 " them ; knowing that I can never do too much for him that hath done fo 
 *' much for me, as to make me a Chriftian. And I will labour to be like 
 " my Saviour, by making humility lovely in the eyes of all men, and by 
 " following the merciful and meek example of my dear Jefus." / 
 
 This was then his refolution, and the God of conftancy, who intended 
 him for a great example of virtue, continued him in it ; for within that 
 year he was made deacon, but the day when, or by whom, I cannot learn : 
 but that he was about that time made deacon is mod certain ; for 1 find by 
 the records of Lincoln, that he was made Prebendary of Layton Ecclefia% in 
 the diocefe of Lincoln, July 15, 1626 ; and that this prebend was given 
 him by John, then Lord Bifliop of that fee'. And now he had a fit occa- 
 fion to fhew that piety and bounty that was derived from his generous mo- 
 ther, and his other memorable anccftors, and the occafion w^as this. 
 
 3 C This 
 
 « In " Eclon's Lift of the prebendal Dignities belonging to the Church of Lincoln," it is 
 called " Leighton Bromefwold, Ecclefia P. in Co. Huntingd." In " Bacon's Liber Regis," 
 it is tern^ed " Leighton Bofard, alias Leighton Beaudefert, P. Ecclefix Lincoln." 
 
 ■ Dr. John Williams, afterward Archbifhop of York, was then Bilhop of Lincoln, the laft 
 ccclefiaftic who was Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. Of him it was faid, that " He never faw 
 " the book of worth he rcul not ; he never forgot what he read ; he never loft the ufe of what 
 " he remembered ; every thing he heard or faw was his own, and what was his own he knew 
 " how to ufe to the utmoft." Whatever difcrepancy of opinion there may be, in juftly appre- 
 tiating the character of this prelate, it muft be owned that he was a munificent patron of 
 learning and learned men. Twelve perfons from one focicty, that of Trinity College in Cam- 
 bridge, were diftinguifhed by him, and advanced to preferment. Among thefe we obfcrve 
 Dr. Creighton, Mr. George Herbert, Dr. Anthony Scattergood, Mr. James Duport, Mr. Her- 
 bert Thorndike, names dear to literature. When the fee of Exeter was vacant, he feized the 
 opportunity of gratifying two worthy divines, his old friends, " who had been both bred in 
 " the houfe of wifdom with Lord Chancellor Egerton," Dr. CareiVy who had been his 
 chaplain, and Dr. Dunn, who had been his fecrctary, " a laureat wit, neitlier was it poflible 
 " that a vulgar foul (hould dwell in fuch promifing features." Thefe two prevailed by the 
 Lord Keeper's commendation againft all pretenders ; the Bifliopric of Exeter was conferred 
 upon Dr. Careiu, and Dr. Dunn fucceeded him in the Deanery of St. Paul's. ( Hack ct's Life 
 
 cf Archb'iJ})op Williams.) Mr. Herbert did not long continue orator after his promotion to 
 
 shis prebend, Mr. Robert Creigliton his fucceflbr being appointed in \6i-.
 
 546 THE LIFE OF 
 
 This Layton Ecclefia is a village near to Spalden", ia the county of 
 Huntingdon, and the greateft part of the parifh-church was fallen down, 
 and that of it which flood was fo decayed, fo little, and fo ufelefs, that 
 the parilhioners could not meet to perform their duty to God in puhlic 
 prayer and praifes ; and thus it had been for almofl 20 years, in which 
 time there had been fome faint endeavours for a public coliedtion, to enable 
 the parifliioners to rebuild it, but with no fuccefs, till Mr. Herbert under- 
 took it ; and he by his own and the contribution of many of his kindred, 
 and other noble friends, undertook the re-edification of it, and madeTit fo 
 much his whole bufmefs, that he became reftlefs till he faw it finifhed as it 
 now {lands : being for the workmanlhip a coftly Mofaic ; for the form an 
 exadt crols; and for the decency and beauty, I am aflured, it is the moft re- 
 markable parifh-church that this naftion affords. He lived to fee it fo wain- 
 fcotted, as to be exceeded by none ; and, by his order, the reading-pew and 
 pulpit, were a little diftant from each other, and both of an equal height": 
 
 for 
 
 " Spalden, or Spalding, is a town in Lincolnnilre. Mr. Walton has miftaken the name for 
 Spaldwick, or Spaldick, in Huntlngdonfliire. 
 
 " It appears from a recent furvey of this church, that the reading-defk is on the right-hand 
 in the nave, juft as you enter the chancel, and that its height is feven feet four inches ; and 
 that the pulpit is on the left-hand, and exaQly of the fame height. They are both pentago- 
 nal. The church is at prefent chiefly paved with bricks: the roofs both of the church and 
 chancel ai-e tyled, and not under-drawn or celled. There are no communion-rails ; but, as 
 you advance to the communion-table, you afcend three fteps. The windows are large and 
 handfome, with fome fmall remnants of painted glafs. The feats and pews both in the nave, 
 the crofs-aifle, and the chancel, fomewhat refemble the flails in cathedrals, but are very fimple, 
 with little or no ornament, nearly alike, and formed of oak. Tt was evidently the intention of 
 Mr. Herbert that in his church there (hould be no diftindlion between the feats of the rich 
 and thofe of the poor. During divine fervice the men have from time immemorial been ac- 
 ctiftomed to fit on the fouth-fide of the nave, and the women on the north-fide. In the crofs- 
 aifle, the male-fervants fit on the fouth-fide, and the fcmale-fervants on the north-fide. 
 
 The flrongell and bed part of the church is the tower, which is of moft durable and excel- 
 lent ftone, dug out of the quarries of Barnock in Northamptonfliire. It is confidered as a fine 
 fpecimen of good architecture. 
 
 Mr. Walton feems to have been mifinformed when he writes, that the workmanfhip of the 
 church was a coftly Mofaic, and that Mr. Herbert lived to fee it wainfcotted. No traces of 
 citlicr are difcoverable. The church is now, in 1795, dilapidated in feveral parts.
 
 GEORGE HERBERT.. 347 
 
 for he would often fay, " They Ihould neither have a precedency or prio- 
 " rity of the other j but that prayer and preaching, being equally ufeful, 
 " might agree Hke brethren, and have an equal honour and e(limation^" 
 
 Before I proceed farther, I muft look back to the time of Mr. Her- 
 bert's being made prebendary, and tell the reader, that not long after, his 
 mother being informed of his intentions to rebuild that church, and ap- 
 prehending the great trouble and charge that he was likely to draw upon 
 himfelf, his relations, and friends, before it could be finilhed, fent for him 
 from London to Chelfea (where fhe then dwelt), and at his coming faid, 
 *' George, I fent for you, to perfuade you to commit Simony, by giving 
 *' your patron as good a gift as he has given to you ; namely, that you 
 *' give him back his prebend: For, George, it is not for your weak body 
 "and empty purfe to undertake to build churches." Of which he defired 
 he might have a day to confider, and then make her an anfwer : And at his 
 return to her the next day, when he had firfl: defired her bleffing, and fhe 
 given it him, his next requeft was, " That fhe would at the age of thirty- 
 " three years allow him to become an undutiful fon; for he had made a vow 
 " to God, that if he were able, he would rebuild that church :" And then 
 fhewed her fuch reafons for his refolution, that fhe prefently fubfcribed to 
 be one of his benefactors ; and undertook to foliclt William Earl of Pem- 
 broke to become another, who fubfcribed for fifty pounds ; and not long 
 after, by a witty and perfuafive letter from Mr. Herbert, made it fifty pounds 
 more. And in this nomination of fome of his benefadors, James Duke of 
 
 3 C 2 Lenox, 
 
 ^ An ill-cuftom prevailed at coait after the acceffion of James I. ; whenever the King came 
 to the chapel, divine fervice was fuddenly broke off, and an anthem fung to make immediate way 
 for the fcrmon. This cuflom, as implying a contempt of the liturgy, or at lead a preference 
 of preaching to prayer, was fet afide by Dr. Laud, while he was Dean of the chapel. 
 
 " Refort to fermons, but to prayers raoft : 
 " Praying's the end of preaching." 
 
 ( Mr. George Herbert's ChurchPorch.) 
 
 " In the church of Little Gidding the pulpit was fixed on the north, the reading-delk over 
 againft it on the fouth-fide of the church, and both on the fame level ; it being thought impro- 
 per that a higher place fliould be appointed for preaching than that which was allotted foi 
 prayer." (Memoirs of the Life of Mr, Ktcholas Ferrary p. \']'Z.)
 
 348 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Lenox J, and his brother Sir Henry Herbert, ought to be remembered ; as 
 alfo, the bounty of Mr. Nicholas Farrer% and Mr. Arthur Woodnot ; the 
 one a gentleman in the neighbourhood of Layton, and the other a gold- 
 fmith, in Fofter-lane, London, ought not to be forgotten : for the memory 
 of fuch men ought to outlive their lives. Of Mr. Farrer I fhall hereafter 
 give an account in a more fcafonable place ; but before 1 proceed farther 
 I will give this lliort account of Mr. Arthur Woodnot : 
 
 He was a man that had confidered overgrown eftates do often require 
 more care and watchfulnefs to prcferve than get them"; and confidered 
 that there be many difcontents that riches cure not ; and did therefore fet 
 limits to himfelf as to defu'e of wealth : and having attained fo much as to 
 be able to fhew fome mercy to the poor, and preferve a competence for 
 himfelf, he dedicated the remaining part of his life to the fervice of God ; 
 and to be iifeful for his friends : and he proved to be fo to Mr. Herbert ; 
 for, befide his ov;-n bounty, he collected and returned moil; of the money 
 that was paid for the re-building of that church ; he kept all the account 
 of the charges, and would often go down to ftate them, and fee all the 
 workmen paid. When I have faid, that this good man was an ufeful 
 friend to Mr. Herbert's father, and to his mother, and continued to be fo to 
 him, till he clofed his eyes on his death-bed ; I will forbear to fay more, 
 till I have the next fair occafion to mention the holy friendfhip that was 
 
 betwixt 
 
 ' He was the fon of Efme Stuart, Duke of Richmond, and hrother to Lodowick the lafl: 
 Duke, who was tlie particular friend of Mr. Herbert. This great and excellent man, as 
 Echard calls him, who had never once deviated from his honour and loyalty, and had feen three 
 of his brothers die in the royal caufe, died in the beginning of 1675, having never had his 
 health nor yet his fpirits, fince the deplorable murder of his beloved mailer ; for the faving of 
 whofe life he had the honour to ofter his own. See " Echard's Hift. of England," Vol. II. 
 p. 782. 
 
 " Or rather Ferrar, from the Latin word ffirarius. The arms of this family have three 
 hoifc flioes on a bend, as appears from a brafs-plate in the chapel of Little Gidding, affixed to 
 the tomb-done of John Ferrar, Efq. " late lord of this mannour, who departed this life the 
 "28th of September, 1657." 
 
 '' According to an old obfcrvation, 
 
 " Non minor eft virtus, quam quxrere, parta tueri,"
 
 GEORGE HERBERT, 3^g 
 
 betwixt him and Mr. Herbert. From whom Mr. Woodnot carried to his 
 mother this following letter, and delivered it to her in a ficknefs, which 
 was not long before that which proved to be her laft. 
 
 A LETTER OF MR. GEORGE HERBERT TO HIS MOTHER, IN HER SICKNESS. 
 " MADAM, 
 
 " At my laft parting from you, I was the better content becaufe I was in 
 " hope I ihould myfelf carry all ficknefs out of your family ; but fince I 
 " know I did not, and that your fliare continues, or rather increafcth, I 
 " wifli earneftly that I were again with you ; and, would quickly make 
 " good my wifh, but that my employment does fix me here, it being now 
 " but a month to our commencement : wherein my abfencc by how much 
 " it naturally augmcnteth fufpicion, by fo much iliall it make my prayers 
 " the more conftant and the more earneft for you to the God of all confo- 
 " lation. In the mean time, I befeech you to be cheerful, and comfort 
 " yourfelf in the God of all comfort, who is not willing to behold any 
 *' forrow but for fin. What hath afflidtion grievous in it more than for a 
 " moment? or why fliould our afflidions here have fo much power or 
 " boldnefs as to oppofe the hope of our joys hereafter ? — Madam, as the 
 " earth is but a point in refpedl of the heavens, fo are earthly troubles com- 
 " pared to heavenly joys : therefore, if either age or ficknefs lead you to 
 " thofe joys, confider what advantage you have over youth and health, who 
 
 " are now fo near thofe true comforts. Your laft letter gave me earthly 
 
 " preferment, and, I hope, kept heavenly for yourfelf But would you di- 
 " vide and choofe too ? our college cuftoms allow not that ; and I ftiould 
 " account myfelf moft happy if I might change with you : for I have al- 
 " ways obferved the thread of life to be like other threads or fkenes of lilk, 
 " full of fnarles and incumbrances: Happy is he, whofe bottom is wound up 
 " and laid ready for work in the new Jerui'alem. For myfelf, dear mother, I 
 " always feared ficksefs mor« than death ; becaufe ficknefs hath made me 
 " unable to perform thofe offices for which I came into the world, and muft 
 " yet be kept in it ; but you arc freed from that fear, who have already 
 
 " abundantly
 
 2SO THE LIF'E OF 
 
 *•' abuadanty difcharged that part, having both ordered your family, and lo 
 " brought up your children that they have attained to the years of difcre- 
 " tion, and competent maintenance. So that now if they do not well, the 
 " fault cannot be charged on you, whofe example and care of them will 
 " juftify you both to the world and your own confcience : infomuch, that 
 *' whether you turn your thoughts on the life paft, or on the joys that are 
 " to come, you have ftrong prefervatives againft all difquict. And for tem- 
 " poral afflictions, I befeech you confider, all that can happen to you are 
 '•'^ either afflidtions of eftate, or body, or mind. For thofe of eftate, of what 
 " poor regard ought they to be, fmce if we had riches we are commanded 
 " to give them away ? fo that the beft ufe of them is, having, not to have 
 " them. But, perhaps, being above the common people, our credit and 
 " eftimation calls on us to live in a more fplendid fafhion : But, O God ! 
 " how eafily is that anfwered, when we confider that the bleffings in 
 " the holy Scripture are never given to the rich, but to the poor. 1 never 
 " find ' Bleffed be the rich,' or' Blefled be the noble;' but Blejfedbe the meek^ 
 " and Blejfed be the poor., and Blejfed be the mourners, for they JJjall be coni- 
 *■'' forted. And yet, O God ! moil carry themfelves fo, as if they not only 
 " not defired, but even feared to be blefled. And for afflidions of the body, 
 " dear Madam, remember the holy martyrs of God, how they have been 
 •' burnt by thoufands, and have endured fuch other tortures, as the very 
 " mention of them might beget amazement ; but their fiery trials have had 
 " an end : and yours (which praifed be God, are lefs) are not like to con- 
 " tinue long. I befeech you let fuch thoughts as thefe moderate your pre- 
 " fent fear and forrow ; and know that if any of yours fliould prove a Go- 
 '' liah-like trouble, yet you may lay with David, That God, who delivered me 
 *' out of the paws of the lion and bear, will alfo deliver me out of the hands of 
 " this uncircumcifed Philijline. Laftly, for thofe afflidtions of the foul : con- 
 •' fider that God intends that to be as a facred temple for himfelf to dwell in, 
 " and will not allow any room there for fuch an inmate as grief, or allow 
 " that any fadnefs fhall be his competitor. And, above all, if any care 
 " of future things moleft you, remember thofe admirable words of the 
 " Pfalmift : Cafl thy care on the Lord, and he Jliall nourijh thee, Pfal. Iv. 
 ^' To which join that of St. Peter, Cafing all pur care on the Lord, for 
 
 ''he
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 351 
 
 " he careth for you^ i Pet. v. 7. What an admirable thing is this, that God 
 " puts his Ihoulder to our burden, and entertains our care for us that we 
 " may the more quietly intend his fervicc. To conclude, let me commend 
 " only one place more to you (Philip, iv. 4.) ; St. Paul faith there, Rejoice in 
 " the Lord always : And again Ifay^ rejoice. He doubles it to take away the 
 *ifcuiple of thofe that might fay, what, fhall we rejoice in afflidions ? yes, 
 " I fay again, rejoice ; fo that it is not left to us to rejoice or not rejoice ; 
 " but whatfoever befals us we mufl; always, at all times, rejoice in the Lord, 
 " who taketh care for us. And it follows in the next vcrfe : Let your mo- 
 " deration appear to all men : The Lord is at hand: Be careful for nothing. — 
 " What can be faid more comfortably ? trouble not yourfelves, God is at 
 " hand to deliver us from all, or in all. Dear Madam, pardon my boldnefs, 
 " and accept the good meaning of 
 
 " Your moft obedient fon, 
 
 " TRIN. COL. MAY 25, 1612. 
 
 « GEORGE HERBERT." 
 
 About the year 1629, and the 34th of his age, Mr. Herbert was feized 
 with a fharp quotidian ague, and thought to remove it by the change of 
 air; to which end, he went to Woodford in EflTex, but thither more chiefly 
 to enjoy the company of his beloved brother Sir Henry Herbert, and 
 other friends then of that family. In his houfe he remained about twelve 
 months, and there became his own phyfician, and cured himfelf of his- ague % 
 
 by 
 
 ' The following lines are taken from a poem of Mr. Herbert's, entitled " Afllidion." 
 
 " At firft thou gav'ft me milk and fweetnefles ; 
 
 " I had my wifli and way : 
 " My days were Hrew'd with flow'rs and happinefs; 
 
 " There was no month but May. 
 " But with my years forrow did twift and grow, 
 " And made a party vmawares for woe : 
 " My flefli began unto my foul in pain, 
 
 " Siclnefi clai/e my bones, 
 " Confuming agues d-ivell in every iieiit, 
 
 " And tune my breath to groans. 
 " Sorrow was all my foul ; I fcarce believed, 
 " Till grief did tell me roundly — that I lived."
 
 352 THE LIFE OF 
 
 by forbearing dr'ialc, and not eating any meat, no not mutton, nor a hen, 
 or pigeon, unlefs they were falted; and by fuch a conftant diet he removed 
 his ague, but with inconveniences that were worfe ; for he brought upon 
 himfelf a difpofition to rheumes and other weaknefTes, and a fuppofed con- 
 fumption. And it is to be noted, that in the fharpeft of his extreme fits 
 he would often fay, " Lord abate my great affliction, or increafe my pa- 
 " tience; but. Lord, I repine not; I am dumb. Lord, before thee, becaufe 
 " thou doeft it." By which, and a fandtified fubmifTion to the will of 
 God, he fliewed he was inclinable to bear the fweet yoke of Chriftian dis- 
 cipline, both then and in the latter part of his life, of which there will be 
 many true teftimonies. 
 
 And now his care was to recover from his confumption by a change 
 from Woodford into fuch an air as was moft proper to that end : And his 
 remove was to Dauntfey in Wiltfhire, a noble houfe, which ftands in a 
 choice air; the owner of it then was the Lord Danvers'' Earl of Danby, 
 who loved Mr. Herbert fo very much, that he allowed him fuch an apart- 
 ment in it as might beft fuit with his accommodation and liking. And in 
 this place, by a fpare diet, declining all perplexing ftudies, moderate exer- 
 cife, and a cheerful converfation, his health was apparently improved to a 
 good degi'ee of ftrength and cheerfulnefs : Ai\d then he declared his refolu- 
 tion both to marry, and to enter into the facred ordersof priefthood. Thefc 
 had long been the defires of his mother and his other relations ; but (he 
 
 lived 
 
 " Henry Danvers, created Baron of Dauntfey by King James, and Earl of Danby by 
 Charles I. He was Knight of the Bath, and died unmarried, Jan. 20, 1673. 
 
 ON LORD DANVERS. 
 
 " Sacred marble, fafely keep 
 
 «' His duft, who under thee muft fleep, 
 
 " Until the years again reftore 
 
 " Their dead, and time fliall be no more. 
 
 '< Mean while, if he (which all things wears) 
 
 " Does ruin thee, or if thy tears 
 
 «' Are filed for him ; difiblve thy frame, 
 
 " Thou art requited : for his fame, 
 
 " His virtue, and his worth (liall be 
 
 " Another monument to thee. G. HERBERT."
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 353 
 
 lived not to fee either, for fhe died in the year 1627. And though he was 
 difobedient to her about Layton Church, yet in conformity to her will, he 
 kept his Orator's place till after her death, and then prefently declined it; 
 and the more willingly, that he might be fucceeded by his friend Robert 
 Creighton, who now is Dr. Creighton', and the worthy Bifhop of Wells. 
 
 I ihall now proceed to his marriage ; in order to which, it will be con- 
 venient that I lirft give the reader a fhort view of his perfon, and then an 
 account of his wife, and of fome circumftances concerning both. 
 
 He was for his perfon of a ftature inclining towards talnefs; his body 
 was very ftraight ; and fo far from being cumbered with too much flefh, that 
 he was lean to an extremity. His afpedl was cheerful, and his fpeech and 
 motion did both declare him a gentleman ; for they were all fo meek and 
 obliging, that they purchafed love and refpcdl from all that knew him. 
 
 Thefe, and his other vifible virtues, begot him much love from a gentle- 
 man, of a noble fortune, and a near kinfman to his friend the Earl of 
 Danby; namely, from Mr. Charles Danvers of Bainton, in the county of 
 Wilts, Efq. ; this Mr. Danvers having known him long, and familiarly, did 
 fo much afFe£t him, that he often, and publicly declared a defire that Mr. 
 Herbert w^ould marry any of his nine daughters (for he had fo many); but 
 
 3 D rather 
 
 = " Robert Crctone, or Crekton, was elected Scholar of Trinity College in Cambridge, 
 May 6, 1614; Minor Fellow, Oct. i, 1619; Major Fellow, March 16, 1620." (From the 
 Bttrfur's Boohs of Trinity College.) 
 
 He was a native of Scotland, educated at "Wcftminfler School, and from tlience elected to 
 Trinity College. He was afterward Greek Profcflbr, and Orator of the Univerfity. In 
 1632 he was made TreafurCT of Wells, and in 1637 Dean of St. Burien in Cornwall. In the 
 beginning of the Rebellion, as well as in its progrefs, he fuffered feverely for the royal caufe, 
 and was an exile with Charles II. who, on his Reftoration, gave him the Deancrj- of Wells. 
 During his abfence from England he was the editor of " The Hiftory of the Council of 
 Florence," written originally in Greek, and tranflated by him into Latin, from an authentic 
 MS. copy. •• Vera Hiftoria unionis non verae inter Grscos et Latinos: Cwz Concllii Floren- 
 tini exactiffima narratio Grxc fcripta," &c. Hagx Comitis, \66o, fol. paglnis, 351. 
 
 Being chaplain to the King, he reproved the vices of the times with boldnefs, whenever he 
 preached at court ; " which," fays Wood, " was well taken by fome, though fneered at by 
 •• others." However, in 1670 he was advanced to the fee of Bath and Wells, and dvi-i in 
 1672 was buried in that cathedral. See " Wood's Fafti," Vol. I. p. 243. And " Walker's 
 Sufferings of the Clergy."
 
 354 THE LIFE OF 
 
 rather his daughter Jane than any other, becaufe Jane was his beloved 
 daughter: And he had often fliid the fame to Mr. Herbert hiinleL^; and 
 that if he could like her for a wife, and llie him for a hufband, Jane iLould 
 have a double blefling; and Mr. Danvers had fo often faid the like to Jane, 
 and fo much commended Mr. Herbert to her, that Jane became fo much a 
 Platonic, as to fall in- love with Mr. Herbert unfeen. 
 vThis was a fair preparation for a marriage; but alas, her father died before 
 Mr. Herbert's retirement to Dauntfey ; yet fome friends to both parties pro- 
 cured their meeting; at which time a mutual affection entered into both 
 their hearts, as a conqueror enters into a furprifed city, and love having got 
 fuch poffeffion governed, and made there fuch laws and refolutions as nei- 
 ther party was able to refift ; infomuch that {he changed her name into 
 Herbert the third day after this firft interview./ 
 
 This hafte might in others be thought a love-phrenzy, or worfe; but it 
 was not, for they had wooed fo like princes, as to have fele£t proxies; fuch 
 as were true friends to both parties; fuch as well underftood Mr. Herbert's 
 and her temper of mind, and alfo their eftates, fo well before this interview, 
 that the fuddennefs was juftifiable by the ftricleft rules of prudence; and 
 the more, becaufe it proved fo happy to both parties : For the eternal lover 
 of mankind made them happy in each other's mutual and equal affections 
 and compliance; indeed fo happy, that there never was any oppofition 
 betwixt them, unlefs it were a conteft which fhould moft incline to a com- 
 pliance with the other's defires. And though this begot, and continued in 
 them, fuch a mutual love, "and joy, and content, as was no way defective; 
 yet this mutual content, and love, and joy, did receive a daily augmentation, 
 by fuch daily obligingnefs to each other, as ftill add^ fuch new affluences 
 to the former fulnefs of thefe divine fouls, as was only improvable in 
 heaven, where they now enjoy it. 
 
 About three months after his marriage, Dr. Curie ^ who was then Redtor 
 of Bemerton in Wiltfhire, was made Bifhop of Bath and Wells, and not 
 
 long 
 
 ' Walter Curie, D. D. was born at Hatfield, in Hertfordfliire, a feat of the Earls of Salifbury. 
 His father was a fervant to William Cecil Earl of Salifbury, and as his agent in the affair of 
 the Q^ieen of Scots, and fteward of his eftates fo faithful and helpful, that the Earl not only 
 
 preferred
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 355 
 
 long after tranflated to Winchefter, and by that means the prefentation of a 
 clerk to Bemerton did not fall to the Earl of Pembroke (who was the un- 
 doubted patron of it) but to the King, by reafon of Dr. Curie's advance- 
 ment: But Philip, then Earl of Pembroke (for William" was lately dead), 
 
 -7 D 2 requefted 
 
 preferred him to be Auditor of the Court of Wards, but advanced this his fon to be Fellow of 
 Peter Iloufe in Cambridge, and prefentcd him to a good living, in which he difcharged the 
 duties of a paftor fo well, in preventing law-fuits, and compofmg differences among his 
 parifhioners, fuppreffing houfes of debauchery, and regulating many other diforders, gaining 
 many Diflenters to the church by his wife and meek difcourfes, and leaving others who were 
 obftinate in error, inexcufable by his holy converfation and charitable hofpitality, that the 
 Earl recommended him to King James I. as a fit perfon for his chaplain ; in which (lation he 
 foon became the objedt of his Majelly's favour, which he found by being made Dean of Litch- 
 field in 162 1. King Charles I. in 1628 appointed him Bifliop of Rochefter, where he con- 
 tinued not much longer than a year before he was removed to Bath and Wells, and then to 
 Wincheflcr, in which he fat, when the late grand Rebellion began, wherein he was a great 
 fufFerer. He left no other demonftration of his learning, than a Sermon preached at White- 
 hall, on Heb. xii. 14. April 28, 1622. (Magna Britannia, Vol. IV. p. 8^7.^ 
 
 « William, third Earl of Pembroke died April 10, 1630. He was the fon of Henry 
 fecond Earl of Pembroke, by his third wife Mary, the accompliflied fiftcr of Sir Philip Sidney, 
 in whom the mufes and the graces feemed to meet, and to whofe memory the well-known 
 beautiful lines were written : 
 
 *' Underneath this marble hearfe 
 " Lies the fubjeft of all verfe, 
 " Sidney's fifter, Pembroke's mother: 
 " Death, erft thou haft flain another, 
 " Wife anil fair and good as (lie, 
 " Time (liall throw a dart at thee." 
 
 Sir Philip Sidney dedicated to her his celebrated Romance called, from tliis circumftance, 
 " The Countefs of Pembroke's Arcadia." 
 
 The character of this William Earl of Pembroke is not only one of the mofl: amiable in 
 Lord Clarendon's hiflory, but is one of the beft drawn. ( Cat. cf Royal and Noble Authors, 
 Vol. I. p. 192.) " He was," fays Wood, " not only a great favourer of learned and ingeni- 
 ous men, but was himfelf learned and endowed to admiration with a poetical gcny." His 
 poems were publiflicd with this title, " Poems written by William Earl of Pembroke, &c. 
 many of which are anfwered by way of Repartee, by Sir Benjamin Rudyard, with other 
 Poems written by them occafionally and apart." London, 1660.
 
 350 THE LIFE OF 
 
 requcfted the King to beftow it upon his kinfman George Herbert ; and 
 the King laid, " Moft willingly to Mr. Herbert, if it be worth his 
 acceptance:" And the Earl as willingly and Suddenly fent it him with- 
 out feeking: But though Mr. Herbert had formerly put on a refolution for 
 the clergy; yet, at receiving this prefentation, the apprehenfion of the laft 
 great account, that he was to make for the cure of fo many fouls, made him 
 faft and pray often, and conhder for not lefs than a month ; in which time 
 he had fome refolutions to decline both the priefthood and that living. 
 And in this time of confidering, " He endured," as he would often fay, 
 " fuch fpiritual conflid;s as none can think, but only thofe that have endured 
 " them." 
 
 In the midft of thefe conflicts, his old and dear friend Mr. Arthur Wood- 
 not took a journey to falute him at Bainton (where he then was with his 
 wife's friends and relations) and was joyful to be an eye-witnefs of his 
 health and happy marriage. And after they had rejoiced together fome 
 few days, they took a journey to Wilton, the famous feat of the Earls of 
 Pembroke; at which time the King, the Earl'', and the whole Court were 
 there, or at Salifbury, which is near to it. And at this time Mr. Herbert 
 
 prefented 
 
 ■> Philip fourth Earl of Pembroke, and firfl Earl of Montgomery, Lord Chamberlain of the 
 Houfehold to King Charles I. and Chancellor of the Univerfity of Oxford, of whom fee " The 
 Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors, Vol. II. p. ipi." By Sufan his firft wife, daughter 
 of Edward Vere Earl of Oxford, he had iflue feven fons and three daughters. To his fccond 
 wife he married June 13, 1630, Ann, fole daughter and heir to George Earl of Cumberland, 
 Mi-idow of Richard Earl of Dorfet, b ut by her had no iflue at his death, Jan. 23, 1649-50, 
 leaving his lady furviving, who is juftly celebrated for her life and manners, exttnfive charity 
 and beneficence. Dying March 12, 1675, fiie was buried at Appleby in Weflmorcland, where 
 her funeral fermon was preached b}^ Edward Rainbow, Bifhop of Carlifle, April 14, 1676, 
 •with fome remarks on the life of that eminent lady, from Prov. xiv. i. He obferves of her, 
 that flie had early gained a knowledge as of the beft things; fo an ability to difcourfe in all 
 commendable arts and fcicnces, as well as in thofe things which belong to perfons of her birth 
 and fex to know: For fhe could difcourfe with virtuofos, travellers, fcholars, merchants, 
 divines, ftatefmen, and with good houfewives in any kind, infomuch that a prime and 
 elegant wit. Dr. Donne, well feen in all human learning, and afterward devoted to the fludy 
 of divinity, is reported to have faid of this lady in her younger years to this effedt, " That 
 flie knew well how to difcourfe of all things, from predeftination to flea-fdk."
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 357 
 
 preferited his thanks to the Earl, for his prefentation to Bcmcrton, but had 
 not yet refolved to accept it, and told him the reafon why j but that night 
 the Earl acquainted Dr. Laud, then Bifhop of London, and after Arch- 
 bifliop of Canterbury, with his kinfman's irrefoiution. And the Bilhop 
 did the next day fo convince Mr. Herbert, that the refufal of it ivas a fin^ 
 that a tailor was fent for to come fpeedily from Salifbury to Wilton, to 
 take meafure, and make him canonical clothes' againft next day; which 
 the tailor did : And Mr. Herbert being fo habited, went with his prefenta- 
 tion to the learned Dr. Davenant", who was then Bifliop of Salifbury, and 
 he gave him inftitution immediately (for Mr. Herbert had been made dea- 
 con fome years before); and he was alfo the fame day (which was April 26, 
 1630) indudled into the good, and more pleafant than healthful, parfonage 
 of Bemcrton ; which is a mile from Salifbury. 
 
 I have now brought him to the parfonage of Bcmerton, and to the thirty- 
 fixth of his age, and muft ftop here, and befpcak the reader to prepare for 
 an almoft incredible ftory of the great fandtity of the fhort remainder of 
 his holy life; a life fo full of charity, humility, and all Chriftian virtues, 
 that it deferves the eloquence of St. Chryfoftom to commend and declare 
 it ! A life, that if it were related by a pen like his, there would then be no 
 
 need 
 
 ' It appears from this paflage that a diftiniflion of drefs was not (Iridtly obfcrved by thofa 
 w-ho were admitted only into deacon's orders. Though Mr. Herbert was ordained deacon 
 about the year 1626, he ftill continued to wear his fword and fillc clothes. 
 
 ^ Dr. John Davenant, ele,cled in 1609 Lady Margaret's Profefibr of Divinity at Cambridge,' 
 and in 16 14 Prefident of Queen's College, was promoted to the Bifhopric of S.ililbury in 1621. 
 A zealous and fleady oppofcr of Arminianifm. He was appoiited by James 1. to attend tlie 
 Synod of Dort. He is defcribcd by Echard as a perfon of found learning, deep divinity, and 
 unblemifhed life. His eagernefs to ellablilh peace and a brotherly union berween tlie ditFerent 
 reformed churches may be inferred from the animated language with which he has exprefled 
 liimfclf on the fubjedl : "I had rather a millftone were hanged about my neck, and I caft 
 " into the fea, than that I fhould hinder a work fo acceptable to God, or fhould not with my 
 " whole mind and ftrength fupport it." In a prayer uttered a (hort time before his death, 
 " he thanked God for his fatherly corre£lion, becaufe in all his life-time he never had one 
 " heavy affliction ; which made him often much fufpecl with himfelf, whether he was a true 
 *' child of God or no, until this his laft ficknefs. * Then he fweetly,' continues Fuller, ' fell • 
 ' afleep ; and fo wc foftly draw the curtain about him.'
 
 358 THE LIFE OF 
 
 need for this age to look back Into times paft for the examples of primitive 
 piety ; for they might be all found in the life of George Herbert. But 
 now, alas ! who is fit to undertake it ? 1 confefs I am not ; and am not 
 pleafed with myfelf that I m.uft ; and profefs myfelf amazed when I conii- 
 der how few of the clergy lived like him then, and how many live fo un- 
 like him now : But it becomes not me to cenfure : My delign is rather to 
 allure the reader, that I have ufed very great diligence to inform myfelf, 
 that I might inform him of the truth of what follows ; and though I can- 
 not adoi-n it with eloquence, yet I will do it with fmcerity. 
 
 When at his induction he was fhut into Bemerton church, being left there 
 alone to toll the bell (as the law requires him), he ftaid fo much longer than 
 an ordinary time before he returned to thofe friends that ftaid expedting 
 him at the church-door, that his friend Mr. Woodnot looked in at the 
 church-window, and faw him lie proftrate on the ground before the altar : 
 at which time and place (as he after told Mr. Woodnot) he fet fome rules 
 to himfelf, for the future manage of his life ; and then and there made a 
 >L0:vy to labour to keep them. 
 
 And the fame night that he had his indudion, he faid to Mr. Woodnot; 
 " I now look back upon my afpiring thoughts, and think myfelf more 
 " happy than if I had attained what then I fo ambitioufly thirfted for : And 
 " I can now behold the court with an impartial eye, and fee plainly that it 
 " is made up of fraud, and titles, and flattery, and many other fuch empty, 
 " imaginary, painted pleafures : Pleafures that are fo empty, as not to fa- 
 " tisfy when they are enjoyed. But in God and his fervice is a fulnefs of 
 " all joy and pleafure, and no fatiety. And I will now ufe all my endea- 
 " vours to bring my relations and dependents to a love and reliance on 
 *' him, who never fails thofe that truft him. But above all, I will be fure 
 '' to live well, becaufe the virtuous life of a clergyman is the moft power- 
 " ful eloquence to perfuade all that fee it to reverence and love, and at leaft 
 " to defire to live like him. And this I will do, becaufe I know we live in 
 " an age that hath more need of good examples than precepts'. And I 
 " befeech that God, who hath honoured me fo much as to call me to ferve 
 " him at his altar, that as by his fpecial grace he hath put into my heart thefe 
 
 " good 
 
 ' " Loiigum iter eft per praccpta, breve et effieax per exempla." (Seneca.J
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 359 
 
 " good defires, and refolutions ; fo he will, by his affifting grace, give me 
 " ghoflly ftrength to bring the fame to good effedt. And 1 befeech him that 
 " my humble and charitable life may fo win upon others, as to bring glory 
 " to my Jefus, whom I have this day taken to be my mafter"" and governor : 
 '' and I am fo proud of his fervicc, that I will always obferve, and obey, 
 " and do his will; and always call him Jefus my mailer, and I will always 
 " contemn my birth, or any title or dignity that can be conferred upon me, 
 " when I fhall compare them with my title of being a prieft, and ferving at 
 
 " the altar of Jefus my mafter/^ 
 
 And that he did fo may appear in many parts of his " Book of Sacred 
 Poems;" efpecially in that which he calls " The_Oikmr"." In which he 
 feems to rejoice in the thoughts of that word, "Jefus ^ and fay, that the adding 
 thefe words, my majler, to it, and the often repetition of them feemed to per- 
 fume his mind, and leave an oriental fragrancy in his very breath. And 
 for his unforced choice to ferve at God's altar, he feems in another place 
 of his poems (" TheJPearl "," Matt, xiii.) to rejoice and fay, — " He knew 
 " the ways of learning ; knew what nature does willingly ; and what, 
 " when it is forced by fire : Knew the ways of honour, and when glory 
 " inclines the foul to noble expreflions : Knew the court: Knew the ways 
 " of pleafure, of love, of wit, of mufic, and upon what terms he declined 
 " all thefe for the fer\dce of his mafter Jefus ;" and then concludes, faying, 
 
 •' That through thefe labyrinths, not my groveling wit : 
 " But thy filk-twift let down from heav'n to me 
 " Did both conduct, and teach me, how by it 
 " To climb to thee. 
 
 The 
 
 ™ See " Duport's Verfes on the Life of Mr. George Herbert."- — In tliefe his pious refolu- 
 tions, Mr. Herbert feems almoft to adopt the triumphant afTertions of St. Paul : " Tea, I count 
 " all things but lofs for the excellency of the knowledge of Chr'ift Jefus" Phil. iii. 8. May thefe 
 fentiments engage the ferious attention of the younger clergy ! Nothing furely can be more 
 difgraceful than for a minifter of the gofpel to aflume the appearance of difclaiming his func- 
 tion, by imitating the habit and deportment of fecular perfons, when he affects the gentleman 
 fo much that he forgets the clergyman. (See Scougal's Works, p. 246.) 
 
 " Mr. George Herbert's " Temple," p. 169. Edit, of 1709. 
 
 « Ibid. p. 81,
 
 36o THE LIFE OF 
 
 The third day after he was made Redlor of Bemerton, and had changed 
 his fword and filk clothes into a canonical coat ; he returned fo habited 
 with his friend Mr. Woodnot to Bainton ; and immediately after he had 
 feen and fainted his wife, he faid to her — ■" You are now a minifter's wife, 
 " and muft now fo far forget your father's houfe, as not to chum a prece- 
 " dence of any of your pariihioners ; for you are to know, that a prieft's 
 *' wife can challenge no precedence or place, but that which fli.c purchafes 
 " by her obliging humility ; and I. am fure places fo purchaled do beft bc- 
 " come them. And let me tell you, that I am fo good a herald as to af- 
 *' fure you that this is truth." And flie was fo meek a wife as to affure him 
 it was no vexing news to her, and that he fhould fee her obferve it with 
 a cheerful willingnefs. And, indeed, her unforced humility, that humi- 
 lity that was in her fo original, as to be born with her, made her fo happy 
 as to do fo ; and her doing fo begot her an unfeigned love, and a ferviceable 
 refpe£t from all that converfed with her ; and this love followed her in all 
 places as infeparably, as fhadows follow fubftances in funiliine. 
 
 It was not many days before he returned back to Bemerton, to view the 
 church, and repair the chancel ; and indeed to rebuild almoft three parts of 
 his houfe, which was fallen dowia^ or decayed, by reafon of his predeceffor's 
 living at a better parfonage-houfe, namely, at Minal, fixteen or twenty miles 
 from this place. At which time of Mr. Herbert's coming alone to Bemerton, 
 there came to him a poor old woman, with an intent to acquaint him with 
 her neceifitous condition, as alfo with fome troubles of her mind ; but after 
 fl-ie had fpoken fome few words to him, flie was furprifed with a fear, and 
 that begot a fhortnefs of breath, fo that her fpirits and fpeech failed her; 
 which he perceiving did fo companionate her, and was fo humble, that he 
 took her by the hand, and faid, " Speak, good mother, be not afraid to fpeak 
 "to me J for I am a man that will hear you with patience ; and will relieve 
 " your neceffities too, if I be able ; and this I will do willingly; and there- 
 
 " fore, mother, be not afraid to acquaint me with what you defire." 
 
 After which comfortable fpeech, he again took her by the hand, made her 
 fit down by him, and underftanding fhe was of his parifli, he told her " he 
 " would bo acquainted with her, and take her into his care :" and having 
 with patience heard and underftood her wants (and it is fome relief for a 
 
 poor
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 361 
 
 poor body to be but heard with patience), he, like a Chrlftian clergyman, 
 comforted her by his meek behaviour and counfel ; but bccaufe that cofl 
 him nothing, he relieved her with money too, and fo fent her home with a 
 cheerful heart, praifmg God and praying for him. Thus worthy and (like 
 David's blefled man) thus lowly was Mr. George Herbert in his own eyes, 
 and thus lovely in the eyes of others. 
 
 At his return that night to his wife at Bainton, he gave her an account 
 of the paflages betwixt him and the poor woman ; with which flie was fo 
 affedted that fhe went next day to Salifbury, and there bought a pair of 
 blankets, and fent them as a token of her love to the poor woman ; and 
 with them a meffage, " that fhe would fee and be acquainted with her when 
 " lier houfe was built at Bemerton." 
 
 There be many fuch paflages both of him and his wife, of which fome 
 few will be related ; but I fhall firft tell that he hafted to get the parifh- 
 church repaired; then to beautify the chapel (which Hands near his houfe), 
 and that at his own great charge. He then proceeded to rebuild the 
 greatefl part of the parfonage-houfe, which he did alfo very completely, and 
 at his own charge ; and having done this good work, he caufed thefe verfes 
 to be writ upon, or engraven in, the mantle of the chimney in his hall : 
 
 TO MY SUCCESSOR. 
 
 If thou chance for to find 
 A new houfe to thy. mind, 
 And built without thy coft : 
 
 Be good to the poor. 
 
 As God gives thee ftore. 
 And then my labour's not left. 
 
 We will now, by the reader's favour, fuppofe him fixed at Bemerton, and 
 grant him to have feen the church repaired, and the chapel belonging to it 
 very decently adorned, at his own great chai'ge (which is a real truth) ; and 
 having now fixed him there, I fhall proceed to give an account of the reft 
 of his behaviour both to his parifliioners, and thofe many others that knew 
 and converfcd with him. 
 
 Doubtlefs, Mr. Herbert had confidered and given rules to himfelf for his 
 ChriRian carriage both to God and man, before he entered into holy orders. 
 
 3 li And
 
 362 THE LIFE OF 
 
 And it IS not unlike, but that he renewed thofe refolutions at his proftration 
 before the holy altar, at his indudtion into the church of Bemerton ; but as 
 yet he was but a deacon'', and therefore longed for the next Ember- week, 
 that he might be ordained prieft, and made capable of adminiftering both 
 the facraments. At which time the Rev. Dr. Humphrey Henchman", now 
 Lord Bifhop of London (who does not mention him but with fome vene- 
 ration for his life and excellent learning), tells me, " He laid his hand on 
 " Mr. Herbert's head, and alas ! within lefs than three years, lent his fhoul- 
 *' der' to carry his dear friend to his grave." 
 
 And that Mr. Herbert might the better preferve thofe holy rules which 
 fuch a prieft as he intended to be ought to obferve ; and that time might 
 
 not 
 
 P AdmifTion to a cure of fouls did not then require the perfon admitted to be in priefl's 
 orders. In the times preceding the reformation, even thofe wlio were under age, and in the 
 loweft degree of orders, obtained prefcntations to benefices. Thus Colet, Dean of St Paul's, 
 was inftituted to a reftory, when he was only nineteen years of age, and an Acolyte. But by 
 13 Eliz. c. 12. no perfon fliall hereafter be admitted to any benefice with cure, except he then 
 be of the age of three and twenty years at the leaft, and a deacon. And by 13, 14 Car. II. c 4, 
 no perfon whatfoever fliall thenceforth be capable to be admitted to any parfonagc, &c. uiilefs 
 he have formerly been made pried, by Epifcopal ordination. 
 
 <'Dr. Humphrey Henchman was at that time prebendary of the Qhurch of Salifbury. Being 
 much efteemed by Charles II. whofe efcape, after the battle of Worcefter, he was very inflru- 
 mental in promoting, he was preferred to the fee of Salifbury in 1660, and in 1663 was re- 
 moved to London, and made Lord Almoner. ~ When the declaration for liberty of confcience 
 was publiflied in 1671-2, this prelate iirmly adhered to his duty, and was not afraid to incur 
 the King's difpleafure, by ftrictly enjoining his clergy to preach againll Popery. 
 
 ' When the good Dr. Hammond was buried without oftentation or pomp, fcveral of the 
 gentry and clergy of the country, and afFeftionate multitudes of lefs quality, attending on his 
 obfequies, the clergy with ambition offering themfclves to bear him on their Jljoulders, which ac- 
 cordingly they did, and laid that facred burden in the burial-place of the generous family 
 which with. fuch friendfhip had entertained him when alive. ( Fell's. Life ofJ)r. Hammond, p. 
 
 276.) — See •' The Life of Mr. Jofeph Mede," prefixed to his Works, p. xxxiii. In the 
 
 earlier ages of the church, this cuftom, derived from the Jfews, was religioufly obferved. — 
 Perfons defigned for the oflice of bearing the dead upon their ihoulders were called xowiaTai^ 
 But fometimes the friends of the dcceafed parties would carry the body themfelves. Thus. 
 St. Bafil was carried by the hands of holy men — xH'^" ayiu* "tnJ/ausKi?. And St. Jerom tells us,, 
 that Paula was borne to the grave by bifhops — cervicetn feretro fubjicientibus. 
 
 1
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 363 
 
 not infenfibly blot them out of his memory, but that the next year might 
 fhew him his variations from this year's refolutions; he, therefore, did fet 
 down his rules, then refolved upon, in that order as the world now fees 
 them printed in a little book called ." The Country Parfon'j" in which 
 fome of his rules are: 
 
 The Parfon's knowledge. The Parfon arguing. 
 
 The Parfon on Sundays. Tiie Parfon condefcending. 
 
 The Parfon praying. The Parfon in his journey. 
 
 The Parfon preaching. The Parfon in his mirth. 
 
 The Parfon's charity. The Parfon with his churchwardens. 
 
 The Parfon comforting the fick. The Parfon bleffing the People. 
 
 And his behaviour tovv^ard God and man may be faid to be a pracSlical 
 comment on thefe and the other holy rules fet down in that ufcful book'. 
 A book fo full of plain, prudent, and ufeful rules, that that country parfon, 
 that can fpare 1 2d. and yet wants it, is fcarce excufable; becaufe it will both 
 dired him what he ought to do, and convince him for not having done it. 
 At the death of Mr. Herbert, this book fell into the hands of his friend 
 Mr. Woodnot; and he commended it into the trufty hands of Mr. Barna- 
 bas Oley", who publifhed it with a moft confcientious and excellent pre- 
 
 3 E 2 . face ; 
 
 ' The late Dr. John Burton, fellow of Eton College, whilfl; he gives a juft character of Mr. 
 Herbert, fecms to have confidered this work as a poetical compofition. " Georgius Herbert, 
 " Domini Baronis de Cherbury fratcr, aliquando in Acad. Cantab. Orator publicus, deinde 
 " Re<£lor de Bcmerton in agro AVilts. pictate infignis et ingenio pocma fcriplit, cui titulus 
 " ' Sacerdos parx-ciaiis rufticus,' ipfe tituli queni libcllo pra;fcripfit fideiu moribus fuis adim- 
 " plcns, et oil'icia facerdotalia, qux defcripfit, exemplo fuo illuftrans." 
 
 ' From his obfervance of thcfc rules, Mr. Nicholas Ferrar, who knew him, had great reafoii 
 to pronor.nce him " A peer to the primitive faints, and more than a pattern to his own ;ige." 
 
 " Barnabas Oley, a private clergyman of fingular piety, learning, and charity, was born at 
 Warmficld, a village in the Well Riding of Yorkfliire, where his father was vicar. Having 
 received his education in the free grammar-fchool of Wakefield,, under Mr. Jeremy Gibfon, 
 he was admitted of Clare Hal!, in the univerfity of Cambridge. He was elecled probationary 
 fellow of the old foundation of Lady Clare, Nov. 28, 1623 ; and in 1627 he became a fcnior 
 fellow, that is, a fellow of Lady Clare's fountlation. Having for fome time difcharged the 
 
 oIEce
 
 364 THE LIFE OF 
 
 face; from which I have had fome of thofe truths, that arc related la this 
 Life of Mr. Herbert. The text for his iirll fermou was taken out of Solo- 
 mon's 
 
 office of tutor in his college with great credit, he fucceeded to the vicarage of Great Grandfdcn, 
 in Huntingdonfliire. In 1635, he was one of the proftors of the univerfity. In 1644 he was 
 ejeded from his fellowfliip by Edward Earl of Manchefter, major-general of the Parliament's 
 forces, for not refiding at Cambridge, nor repairing thither upon being fummoned. Cut thele 
 were not the true caufc of this feverity. Mr. Oley, at the imminent hazard of his life, led the 
 party which conveyed the plate and money, collected in that ujiiverlity for the fupportof the 
 royal caufe, to hisMajelly King Charles, at Nottingham — " Barcicus autem aliiq; feledi aea- 
 " demici, quorum arcano fludio tantx difficultatis opus mandabatur, confilii Cromwelliani 
 •' compotes fadti, fubfidium regium per loca devia exigua equitum manu ftipatuni. ablegant, 
 " ea ipsa nocle qua CromwcUus cum fuo pedite viani folitam obitruebat, certo certius luce 
 •' proxima ab hofte corripiendum. Hujus itineris ducem confultilhmum virum Uarnabam 
 " Ol-eum locorum quibus deviandum erat peritum conllituunt. Is erat AuheClarenGs Prx- 
 " fes, pietatis certe Cantabrigienfis in optimum regem et charidimam patriam aptiffimus nun- 
 " cius et intcrpres. Hoc eiiim viro nefc'io an Academia Cantabngktifis uiiquam quicquam haltiit aut 
 " modcji'ius ant fanFiius. Hie autem fub divinis aufpiciis hoc qualecunque academise fidei pig- 
 " nus et teftimonium ad regies pedes Nottinghamix fubmifit. (Vita Johamiu Berivick, 
 
 S. T. P. p. 16, 17.) He was at this time plundered of all his property, and fo much ha- 
 
 rafled and menaced by the rebels, as to be under the neceffity of leaving his vicarage. To 
 avoid difcovcry he frequently changed his habit. For feven years he wandered about, having 
 fcarce wherewith to fupport himfelf. He fled for fafety to the town of Wakefield ; and we 
 find him at one time in Pontefraft caftlc with fome other loyal and worthy clergymen, 
 preaching to the foldiers of tlie garrifon, and encouraging them to defend the place againfl the 
 King's enemies. 
 
 In i6^i;9 he returned to Grandfden, when he had not, to ufe his own words, where to lay 
 Ills head. In 1660 he was reftored to his fellowfhip. A prebend in the church of Worcefter, 
 and the archdeaconry of Ely were conferred upon him. The latter he refigned, the former 
 he kept with his vicarage to the time of his death, Feb. 20, 1685-6. 
 
 He was the editor of the learned Dr. Thomas Jackfon's Works, and of Mr. Geo. Herbert's 
 •' Pried to the Temple." His prefaces to both thofe publications are truly excellent, and 
 will always be read with equal pleafure and edification. His letters, fome of which were in 
 the pofleffion of the Rev. Mr. Bigg, the late vicar of Great Grandfden, breathe the fpirit of 
 primitive piety and apoftolical fimplicity. I cannot difmifs this article without obferving that 
 Mr. Oley was a generous benefactor to his college, which becoming ruinous was taken down 
 and re-edified. Fuller fays, " that he may be truly termed Majlcroftbe Fabric, fo induftrious 
 " and judicious was he in ovcrfeeing the fame. Nor was he like the fooHfli builder that 
 <' could not, but the unhappj', that might not finifh his work ; being outed the college on 
 " the account of the covenant." (Fuller's Hijlory of the Univerfity of Cambridge, p. 38.)
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. Ser- 
 
 mon's Proverbs, and the words were, *' Keep thy heart with all diHgence." 
 In which firft fermon he gave his parifhloners many neceffary, holy, fafe rules 
 for the dilcharge of a good conlcience both to God and man. And deli- 
 vered his fermon after a mofk florid manner, both with great learning and 
 eloquence. But, at the clofe of this fermon, told them, " That fhould not be 
 " his conrtant way of preaching ; for fmce Almighty God does not intend 
 " to lead men to heaven by hard queftions, he would not therefore fill their 
 " heads with unneccflary notions ; but that for their fakes, his language and 
 " his expreffions Ihould be more plain and practical in his future fermons\ 
 And he then made it his humble requeft, " that they would be conftant to 
 " the afternoon's fcrvice and catechifmg j" and Ihewed them convincing 
 reafons why he defired it ; and his obliging example and periuafions 
 brought them to a willing conformity to his delires. 
 
 The texts for all his future fex'mons (which God knows were not many) 
 were conftantly taken out of the gofpel for the day ; and he did as con- 
 ftanlly declare why the Church did appoint that portion of Scripture to be 
 that day read* ; and in what manner the collett for every Sunday^ does 
 
 refer 
 
 ^ The famous painter, Albrecht Durer, ufed to. fay, lie took no delight in thofe pictures 
 which were painted with many colours, but in thofe that were made mod plain : " Even fo," 
 faid Luther, " I take delight in thofe fermoiis that enter fine and fimply, fo that they may well 
 " be underflood and comprehended of the common man." (Luther's Table Talh, p. 510.) 
 
 ' Mr. Herbert's chief delight was in the holy Scripture ; one leaf whereof he profelTed he 
 would not part with, though he might have the whole world in exchange. That was his wif- 
 dom, his comfort, his joy : Out of that he took his motto : " Lejfe than the leajl of all Gods mer^ 
 '* cies." In that he found the fubltance, Clirift ; and, in Chrill, remitHon of fins ; yea, in his 
 blood, he placed the goodnefs of his good works. " It is a good work" (faid he, of building 
 ♦' a church), if it be fprinkled with the blood of Chrill." (Air. Barnabas Olcy's Life of Mr. 
 George Herbert. J 
 
 '■ The excellency of fome of the colletls in our liturgy is truly admirable ; fuch, indeed, as 
 no other church can boalt. But it will be difficult to conceive how Mr. Herbert could difco- 
 ver and fliew the reference that the collecSl for every Sunday has to the gofpel or epillle of that 
 day. The relation which many of them bear to the refpeclive gofpels and epiftlei is very 
 ftriking and obvious ; as in thofe ufed on the two firft Sundays in Advent, on tlie fixth Sun- 
 day
 
 366 THE LIFE OF 
 
 refer to the gofpel or to the epiftle then read to them ; and, that they might 
 pray with underftanding, he did ufually take occafion to explain, not only 
 the coUedl for every particular Sunday, but the reafons of all the other col- 
 lects and refponfes in our church-fervice ; and made it appear to them, that 
 the whole fervice of the church was a reafonable, and therefore an accept- 
 able facrifice to God j as namely, that we begin with confeffion " of our- 
 " felves to be vile miferable fmners ;" and that we begin fo, becaufe till we 
 have confefled ourfelves to be fuch, we are not capable of that mercy which 
 we acknowledge we need and pray for : but having, in the prayer of our Lord, 
 begged pardon for thofe fms which we have confeffed j and hoping that as 
 the prieft hath declared our abfolution, fo by our public confeffion, and 
 real repentance, we have obtained that pardon ; then we dare and do 
 proceed to beg of the Lord, " to open our lips, that our mouths may fhew 
 " forth his praife :" for, till then, we are neither able nor worthy to praife him. 
 But this being fuppofed, we are then fit to fay, " Glory be to the Father, 
 " and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghoft ;" and fit to proceed to a further 
 fervice of our God, in the colle(51:s, and pfalms, and lauds, that follow in 
 the fervice. 
 
 And as to thefe pfalms and lauds, he proceeded to inform them, why 
 they were fo often, and fome of them dally, repeated in our church-fervice ; 
 nr.mely, the pfalms every month, becaufe they be an hiftorical and thankful 
 repetition of mercies paft ; and fuch a compofition of prayers and praifes as 
 ought to be repeated often and publicly, for " with fuch facrifices God is 
 " honoured and well-pleafcd." This for the pfalms. 
 
 And for the hymns and lauds, appointed to be daily repeated or fung af- 
 ter the firft and fecond leffons are read to the congregation ; he proceeded 
 to inform them, that it was mofl: reafonable, after they have heard the will 
 and goodnefs of God declared or preached by the prieft in his reading the 
 two chapters, that it was then a feafonable duty to rife up and exprefs their 
 gratitude to Almighty God for thofe his mercies to them, and to all mankind ; 
 
 and 
 
 day after the Epiphany, and fome others : but it muft be owned, that in feveral of them, 
 the connexion is fought for in vain. When commiffioners were appointed in 1680 to revife 
 the hturgy, &c. among other amendments propofed, new colkas were drawn up agreeable 
 to the epiftles and gofpels.
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 367 
 
 and then to fay with the blefled Virgin, that their " fouls do magnify the Lord,. 
 " and that their fpirits do alio rejoice in God their faviour." And that it was 
 their duty alio to rejoice with Simeon in his fong,andfay with him, that their 
 " eyes have" alfo " fcen their falvation;" for they have feen that falvatlon 
 which was but prophefied till his time : And he then broke out into thofe 
 expreffions of joy thai he did fee it ; but they lived to fee it daily in the 
 hiftory of it, and, therefore, ought daily to rejoice, and daily to offer up their 
 facrifices of praife to rheir God for that particular mercy. A fervice which 
 is now the conltant employment of that bleifed Virgin and Simeon, and all 
 thofe bleffed faints that are polTefTed of heaven ; and where they are at this 
 time interchangeably and conftantlyfinging, " Holy, holy, holy Lord God, 
 " glory be to God on high, and on earth peace." And he taught them, that 
 to do this was an acceptable fervice to God; becaufe the prophet David fays, 
 in his Pfalms, " He that praifeth the Lord honoureth him." 
 
 He made them to underltand how happy they be that are freed from the 
 incumbrances of that law which our fore-fathers groaned under ; namely, 
 from the legal facrifices, and from the many ceremonies of the Levitical 
 law ; freed from circumcifion, and from the RrlOi oblervation of the Jewifh 
 Sabbath, and the like. And he made them know, that having received fo 
 many and fo great bleffings, by being born fince the days of our Saviour, 
 it muft be an acceptable facrifice to Almighty God for them to acknowledge 
 thofe bleflings daily, and ftand up and worfliip, and fay as Zacharias did, 
 " Blefled be the Lord God of Ifrael, for he hath (in our days) viiited and 
 " redeemed his people ; and (he hath in our days) remembered and fhewed 
 " that mercy which, by the mouth of the prophets, he promifed to our 
 " forefathers ; and this he hath done according to his holy covenant made 
 " with them." And he made them to underftand that we live to fee and 
 enjoy the benefit of it in his birth, in his life, his paflion, his refurre£tion, 
 and afcenfion into heaven, where he now (its fenfible of all our temptations 
 and infirmities ; and where he is at this prefcnt time making intercefTion for 
 us, to his, and our Father; and therefore they ought daily to exprefs their 
 public gratulations, and fay daily with Zacharias, " Bleffed be the Lord 
 
 " God of Ifrael, that hath thus vifited, and thus redeemed his people." 
 
 Thefe were fome of the reafons by which Mr. Herbert inftrudled his con- 
 gregation.
 
 368 THE LIFE OF 
 
 gregation for the ufe of the pfahns and the hymns appointed to be daily 
 fling or faid in the church-fervice. 
 
 He informed them alfo, when the prieft did pray only for the congrega- 
 tion and not for himfelf ; and when they did only pray for him, as namely, 
 after the repetition of the creed, before he proceeds to pray the Lord's 
 prayer, or any of the appointed collefts, the prieft is directed to kneel down, 
 and pray for them, faying, "The Lord be with you;" and when they 
 pray for him, faying, " And with thy fpirit;" and then they join together 
 in the following colledls, and he afl'ured them, that when there is fuch mu- 
 tual love, and fuch joint prayers offered for each other, then the holy angels'' 
 look down from heaven, and are ready to carry fuch charitable defires to 
 God Almighty, and he as ready to receive them ; and that a Chriftian 
 congregation calling thus upon God, with one heart and one voice, and in 
 one reverent and humble pofture, look as beautifully as Jerufalem, that is 
 at peace with itfelf. 
 
 He inftrudled them alfo why the prayer of our Lord was prayed often 
 in every full fervice of the church ; namely, at the conclufion of the feveral 
 parts of that fervice ; and prayed then, not only becaufe it was compofed 
 and commanded by our Jefus that made it, but as a perfect pattern for our 
 lefs perfedl forms of prayer, and therefore fitteft to fum up and conclude 
 all our imperfedl petitions. 
 
 He inftrudled them alfo that as by the fecond commandment we are re- 
 quired not to bow down or worfliip an idol or falfe god ; fo, by the con- 
 trary rule, we are to bow down and kneel, or ftand up "^ and worfliip the 
 
 true 
 
 » How comfortable is the doftrine, that the good angels condefcend to notice the prayers of 
 good men upon earth ! to report, to commemorate jprefent them before God in heaven ! It 
 is a part of the angelical miniftry to offer our prayers unto God daily. To offer them — how ? 
 not as mediators and interceffors, adding virtue to our prayers from their merits, for this be- 
 longs to our Saviour Chrift alone, the only meritorious mediator between God and man ; but 
 as meffengers relating and reporting our prayers before God ; " bringing the remembrance of 
 « them before the Holy One." The praftical application of this do£l;rine to the purpofes of 
 devotion is too obvious to be here infifted on. See " Bull's Sermon's," Vol. H. p. 517, 520. 
 " Jofeph Mede's Works," p. 343, 347. 
 
 " It is well known that the nobility and gentry of Poland were accuflomed, when they re- 
 peated the creed, to fland up, holding their drawn fwoids in their hands, intimating thereby 
 their readinefs to defend it with their lives. 
 
 I 
 
 i
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 369 
 
 true God. And he inftruded them why the Church requucd the congre- 
 gation to (land up at the repetition of the creeds; namely, becaule they did 
 thereby declare both their obedience to the Church, and an afTent to that 
 faith into which they had been baptized. And he taught them, that in that 
 fhorter creed or doxology fo often repeated daily, they alfo flood up to 
 teflify their belief to be, that " the God that they trufted in was one God 
 " and three perfons; the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghoft,to whom they 
 " and the pricft gave glory." And bccaufe there had been hereticks that had 
 denied fome of thofe three perfons to be God; therefore the congregation 
 flood up and honoured him, by confeffing and faying, " It was fo in the 
 " beginning, is now fo, and fliall ever be fo world without end." And all 
 gave their alfent to this belief, by Handing up and faying, Amen. 
 
 He inflrucled them alfo what benefit they had by the Church's appoint- 
 ing the celebration of holydays, and the excellent ufe of them; namely, 
 that they were fet apart for particular commemorations of particular mercies 
 received from Almighty God ; and (as Reverend Mr. Hooker fays) " to be 
 " the land-marks to diftinguifli times:" for by them we are taught to take 
 notice how time paffes by us, and that we ought not to let the years pafs 
 without a celebration of praife for thofe mercies which thofe days give us 
 occahon to remember; and therefore they were to note, that the year is ap- 
 pointed to begin the 25th day of March, a day in which we commemorate 
 the angel's appearing to the blefled Virgin, with the joyful tidings that " flie 
 *' fliould conceive and bear a fon, that fhould be the Redeemer of mankind." 
 And fhe did fo forty weeks after this joyful falutation ; namely, at our Chrift- 
 mas; a day in which we commemorate his birth with joy and praife: and 
 that eight days after this happy birth we celebrate his circumcifion; namelv 
 in that which we call New-year's day. And that, upon that day which we 
 call Twelfth-day, we commemorate the manifeflation of the unfearchable 
 riches of Jefus to the Gentiles :' And that that day we alfo celebrate the 
 memory of his goodnefs in fending a flar to guide the three Wife Men 
 from the Eail to Bethlehem, that they might there worlhip, and prefent him 
 with their oblations of gold, frankincenfe, and myrrh. And he (^iMr. 
 Herbert) inftrudled them, that Jefus was forty days after his birth prefented 
 by his bleffed mother in the Temple; namely, on that day which we call, 
 
 3 F " The
 
 37° THE LIFE OF 
 
 " The Purification of the blcffed Virgin Saint Mary." And he indruded 
 them, that by the Lent-faft we imitate and commemorate our Saviour's 
 luimiliation in fading forty days; and that we ought to endeavour to be 
 like him in purity. And that on Good Friday we commemorate and con- 
 dole his Crucifixion; and at Eafter, commemorate his glorious Refur- 
 rcftion. And he taught them, that after Jefus had manifefted himfelf to 
 his difciples to be " That Chrift that was crucified, dead and buried;" and 
 by his appearing and convcrfing with his difciples for the fpace of forty 
 days after his Refurredion, he then, and not till then, afcended into heaven 
 in the fight of thofe difciples; namely, on that day which we call the Afcen- 
 fion, or Ploly Thurfday. And that we then celebrate the performance of 
 the promife which he made to his difciples at or before his afceniion; 
 namely, " That though he left them, yet he would fend them the Holy 
 *' Ghofl to be their Comforter;" and that he did fo on that day which the 
 Church calls Whitfunday. Thus the Church keeps an hiftorical and circular 
 commemoration of times as they pafs by us; of fuch times as ought to 
 incline us to occafional praifes for the particular bleffings which we do, or 
 might receive by thofe holy commemorations". 
 
 He made them know alfo why the Church hath appointed Ember-weeks; 
 and to know the reafon why the Commandments, and the Epiftles and 
 Gofpels were to be read at the Altar or Communion Table ; why the prieft 
 was to pray the Litany kneeling; and why to pray fome colledls (landing; 
 and he gave them many other obfervations fit for his plain congregation, 
 but not fit for me now to mention, for I muft fet limits to my pen, and not 
 make that a treatife which I intended to be a much fhorter account than 
 
 I 
 
 * Thofe that pretend to fo much fpirituality as to cafl out all obfervation of days, I wifli it 
 may not be a fyflem of infidelity in them, and of a fecret quarrel they have to the truth of 
 ChriRianity itfelf. For thofe that are mod: perfedl: in divine accomplifliments, cannot enjoy 
 the actual enravifliments that may arife from this perfedlion, without vacancy from fecular 
 employments, for which thcfc holydays are mod fit ; and thofe that are lefs perfedt, by their 
 vacation from worldly drudgery, have the opportunity of fearching more clofely into the 
 ftate and condition of their fouls, and of more ferious meditations and refolutions of com- 
 pofing their life to the moft perfed patterns of truth and fanitity. (Dr. Henry Mere's Theo- 
 logical Works, p. 381.) '
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 
 
 37» 
 
 I have made it : — But I have done when I have told the reader that he was 
 conftant in catechifing every Sunday in the afternoon, and that his cate- 
 chiling was after his fecond lefTon, and in the pulpit; and that he never ex- 
 ceeded his half hour, and was always fo happy as to have an obedient and 
 a full congregation. 
 
 And to this I muft add, that if he were at any time too zealous in his fer- 
 mons, it was in reproving the indecencies of the people's behaviour in the 
 time of divine fcrvice; and of thofe minifters that huddled up the church- 
 prayers without a vifible reverence and affection; namely, _/«f/6 as feemcd to 
 fay the hordes Prayer or a collect in a breath: But for himfelf, his cullom was 
 to ftop betwixt every collect, and give the people time to conlider what 
 they had prayed, and to force their defires affe<^ionately to God before he 
 engaged them into new petitions. 
 
 And by this account of his diligence to make his parifliioners underftand 
 what they prayed, and why they praifed and adored their Creator, I hope 
 I fhall the more eafily obtain the reader's belief to the following account ef 
 Mr. Herbert's own practice, which was to appear conftantly with his wife 
 and three nieces (the daughters of a deceafed fifter) and his whole family 
 twice every day at the church-prayers, in the chapel which does almoft join 
 to his parfonage-houfe. And for the time of his appearing, it was ftrictly 
 at the canonical hours of ten and four; and then and there he lifted up pure 
 and charitable hands to God in the midft of the congregation. And he 
 would joy to have fpent that time in that place where the honour of his 
 Majltr yefiu dwelleth; and there, by that inward devotion which he tefti- 
 lied conftantly by an humble behaviour and vifible adoration, he, like Joftiua 
 brought not only " His own houfehold thus to ferve the Lord," but 
 brought moft of his parifhioners and many gentlemen in the neigh- 
 bourhood, conftantly to make a part of his congregation twice a day: And 
 fome of the meaner fort of his parifh did fo love and reverence Mr. Her- 
 bert, that they would let their plough reft when Mr. Herbert's Saint's-bell 
 rung to prayers, that they might alio offer their devotions to God with 
 him; and would then return back to their plough. And his moft holy life 
 was fuch, that it begot fuch reverence to God, and to him, that they 
 thought themfelves the happier when they carried Mr. Herbert's bleffmg 
 
 3 F 3 back
 
 37^ THE LIFE OF 
 
 back with them to their labour. Thus powerful was his real'on and exam- 
 ple, to perfuade others to a practical piety and devotion. 
 
 And his conftant public prayers did never make him to negledl his own 
 private devotions, nor thofe prayers that he thought himlelf bound to per- 
 form with his family, which always were a fet form and not long; and he 
 did always conclude them with that colleil which the Church hath ap- 
 pointed for the day or week. — Thus be made every days fanElUy a Jlep to- 
 xvards that kingdom where impurity cannot enter. 
 
 His chiefeft recreation was mufic, in which heavenly art he was a moft 
 excellent mafter, and did himfelf compofe many divine hymns and an- 
 thems, which he fet and fung to his lute or viol : And though he was a lover of 
 retirednefs, yet his love to mufic was fuch, that he went ufually twice every 
 w^eek, on certain appointed days, to the cathedral church in Salifbury; and at 
 his return would fay, " That his time fpent in prayer, and cathedral mufic'', 
 
 " elevated 
 
 ^ Mr. Herbert fpokc with the fame divhie feehng as Milton did afterward : 
 
 " There let tlie pealing organ blow 
 
 " To the fuU-voic'd choir below; 
 
 " In fervice high and anthem clear, 
 
 " As may with fweetnefs through mine eai 
 
 " Diffolve ine into ecftafies, 
 
 " And bring all heaven before mine eyes." 
 
 CHURCH-MUSIC. 
 '•' Sweeteft of fweets, I thank you : when difpleafure 
 
 •' Did tlirough my body wound my mind, 
 " You took me thence, and in your houfe of pleafurt 
 
 " A dainty lodging me afiign'd. 
 " Now I in you without a body move, 
 
 " Rifing and falling with your wings j 
 " We both together fweetly live and love, 
 
 •' Yet fay fometimes, God help poor lings. 
 " Comfort, I'll die; for if you poll from me, 
 
 " Sure I (liall do fo, and mucli more : 
 " But if I travel in your companie, 
 
 " You know the way to heaven's door." (Herbert's Dinjine Poem. 
 
 See likewife " The Life of Dr. Donne," p. 7S, and " Luther's Table Talk," p. 500. 
 
 It muft not, however, be inferred that thofe, who hear the drains of church mufic without 
 that cgftafy and rapture which others experience,^ are therefore ftrangers to the genuine plea- 
 
 fure
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 373 
 
 *' elevated his foul, and was his heaven upon earth." But before his 
 return thence to Bemerton, he v/ould ufually fing and play his part at an 
 appointed private mufic-meeting; and, to juftify this pradice, he would 
 often fay, " Religion does not banifli mirth, but only moderates and fcts 
 " rules to it." 
 
 And as his deHre to enjoy his heaven upon earth drew him twice every 
 week to Salifbury, fo his walks thither were the occafion of many happy 
 accidents to others, of which I will mention fome few. 
 
 In one of his walks to Salifbury, he overtook a gentleman that is ftill 
 living in that city, and in their walk together Mr. Herbert took a fair oc- 
 cafion to talk with him, and humbly begged to be excufed if he aflced him 
 fome account of his faith ; and faid, " I do this, the rather bccaufe thoug'a 
 " you are not of my parifh, yet I receive tithe from you by the hand of your 
 " tenant; and, Sir, I am the bolder to do it, becaufe I know there be lome 
 " fermon-hearers that be like thofe fifties that always live in fait water, and 
 " yet are always frelh." After which expreffion Mr, Herbert afked him 
 fome needful queftions, and having received his anfwer, gave him fuch 
 rules for the trial of his fincerity, and for a practical piety, and in fo loving 
 and meek a manner, that the gentleman did fo fall in love with him and his 
 difcourfe, that he would often contrive to meet him in his walk to Salifbury, 
 or to attend him back to Bemerton, and ftill mentions the name of Mr. 
 George Herbert with veneration, and ftill praifeth God for the occafion 
 of knowing him. 
 
 In another of his Salifbury walks, he met with a neighbour minifter, and 
 after fome friendly difcourfe betwixt them, and fome condolement for the 
 decay of piety, and too general contempt of the clergy, Mr. Herbert took 
 occafion to fay, " One cure for thefe diftempers, would be for the clergy 
 
 " themfelves 
 
 Aires of devotion : Nor are we to conclude, that thofc are always truly devout, who arc 
 delighted with this fublime fpecies of mufical compofition. It is related of a good and pious 
 prelate, who had determined, with Nazianzcn, " to give wings to his foul, to refcue it wholly 
 " from the world, and dedicate it to God," that he did not love the pomp of a choir, which, he 
 thought, filled the ear with too much pleafure, and carried away the mind from the ferious 
 attention to the matter ; which is indeed the finging with grace in the heart, and the inward 
 melody, with which God is chiefly pleafed.
 
 374 ' THE LIFE OF 
 
 *' themfelves to keep the Ember-weeks ftri6:ly, and beg of their parifhioners 
 " to join with them in falling and prayers for a more religious clergy." 
 
 " And another cure would be for themfelves to reftore the great and 
 *' ncgledled duty of catechifmg, on which the falvation of fo many of the 
 " poor and ignorant lay-people does depend ; but principally, that the clergy 
 *' themfelves would be fure to live unblamably; and that the dignified clergy 
 " efpecially, which preach temperance, would avoid furfeiting, and take all 
 *' occafions to exprefs a vifiblc humility' and charity in their lives: For this 
 " would force a love and an imitation, and an unfeigned reverence from all 
 *' that knew them to be fuch." (And for proof of this, we need no other 
 teftimony than the life and death of Dr. Lake', late Lord Bifliop of Bath 
 and Wells.) " This," faid Mr. Herbert, " would be a cure for the wicked- 
 " nefs and growing atheifm of our age. And, my dear brother, till this be 
 *' done by us, and done in earneft, let no man expedl a reformation of the 
 *' manners of the laity ; for it is not learning, but this, this only, that mull 
 " do it J and till then the fault mull lie at our doors." 
 
 Li 
 
 * In that enumeration of tlie feveral virtues, which the elegawt philofophcr of Rome has 
 introduced in his much-admired " Treatife on the Duties of Life," no mention is made of hti- 
 m'llity. It is indeed of too heavenly a nature to have a place in afyflem of Pagan fuperftition. But 
 our divine Lawgiver has profefledly made it the foundation of his religion, " Learn of me, for I 
 " am meek and lowly in heart." In the fchools of this world, elaborate Icclures are delivered 
 on natural philofophy, on law, on medicine ; but, in the fchool of Chrift, the great leffoii 
 which is inculcated is the leflbn of humility. Where this quality is wanting, where pride 
 poffeffes the heart, a man may be deemed learned, ingenious, eloquent; but he has no title to 
 the denomination of a Chriflian. 
 
 ' Dr. Arthur Lake, Bifliop of Bath and Wells, died in 1626. He obtained his preferment, 
 " not fo much," fays Fullei, " by the power of his brother. Sir Thomas Lake, .Secretary to 
 King James, as by his own defert, as one whofe piety may be jullly exemplary to all of his 
 order. In all the places of honour and employment vs'hich he enjoyed, he carried himfelf the 
 fame In mind and perfon, fliewing by his conftancy, that his virtues were virtues indeed; in 
 all kinds of which, whether natural moral, theological, perfonal, or paternal, he was eminent, 
 and indeed one of the examples of his tim.e. He always lived as a fmgle man, exemplary in 
 his life and converfation, and very hofpitable. He was alfo well read in the fathers and 
 fchoolmen, and had a command of the Scripture, which made him one of the beft preachers, 
 that few went beyond him in his time." (Wooi?s Ath. O.v. Vol. I. p. 501.)
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 3jj 
 
 la another walk to Salifbury, he faw a poor man with a poorer horfe, 
 that was fallen under his load ; they were both in diftrefs, and needed pre- 
 fent help, which Mr. Herbert perceiving, put off his canonical coat, and 
 helped the poor man to unload, and after, to load his horfe : The poor 
 man blefled him for it, and he blcfled the poor man ; and was fo like the 
 good Samaritan, that he gave him money to refrcfh both himfelf and his 
 horfe ; and told him, " that if he loved himfelf, he fiiould be merciful to 
 " his beaft." Thus he left the poor man, and at his coming to his mufical 
 friends at Salifbury, they began to wonder that Mr. George Herbert, who 
 ufed to be fo trim and clean, came into that company fo foiled and difcom- 
 pofed ; but he told them the occafion : And when one of the company told 
 him " he had difparaged himfelf by fo dirty an employment j" his anfwer 
 was, " that the thought of what he had done, would prove mufic to him at 
 " midnight ; and that the omiffion of it would have upbraided and made 
 " dlfcord in his confcience, whenfoever he fhould pafs by that place : For if 
 " I be bound to pray for all that be in diftrefs, I am fure that I am bound, 
 " fo far as it is in my power, to pradtife what I pray for. And though I da 
 " not wifh for the like occafion every day, yet let me tell you, I would not 
 " willingly pafs one day of my life, without comforting a fad foul, or fhew- 
 " ing mercy ; and I praife God for this occafion. And now let us tune our 
 " inftruments." 
 
 Thus as our blefted Saviour, after his refurrection, did take occafion to 
 interpret the Scripture to Cleopas and that other difciple which he met 
 with, and accompanied, in their journey to Emmaus ; fo Mr. Herbert, [in 
 his path toward heaven, did daily take any fair occafion to inftru£t the ig- 
 norant, or comfort any that were in affliction ; and did always confirm his 
 precepts, by fhewing humility and mercy, and miniftering grace to the 
 hearers. 
 
 And he was mod happy in his wife's unforced compliance with his a£ls 
 of charity, whom he made his almoner, and paid conftantly into her hand 
 a tenth penny of what money he received for tithe, and gave her power to 
 difpofe that to the poor of his parifh, and with it a power to difpofe a tenth 
 part of the corn that came yearly into his barn : which truft flie did moft 
 faithfully perform, and would often offer to him an account of her fteward- 
 
 Ihip,
 
 376 THE LIFE OF 
 
 fliip, and as often beg an enlargement of his bounty ; for flie rejoiced in the 
 employment : And this was ufually laid out by her in blankets and fhoes for 
 fome fuch poor people, as flie knew to ftand in moft need of them. This 
 as to her charity. And for his own, he fet no limits to it; nor did ever turn 
 his face from any that he faw in -want, but would relieve them, efpecially 
 his poor neighbours ; to the meaneft of whole houfes he would go and in- 
 form himlelf of their wants, and relieve them cheerfully if they were in di- 
 ftrcfs ; and would always praife God, as much for being willing, as for be- 
 ing able to do it. And when he was advifed by a friend to be more frugal, 
 becaufe he might have children, his anfwer -was, " he would not lee the 
 " danger of want fo far off; but being the Scripture does fo commend 
 *' charity, as to tell us, that charity is the top of Chriftian virtues, the co- 
 *' vering of fins, the fulfilling of the law, the life of faith ; and that charity 
 " hath a promife of the bleflings of this life, and of a reward in that life 
 *' w^hich is to come ; being thefe and more excellent things are in Scripture 
 " fpoken of thee, O Charity! and that being all my tithes and church-dues 
 " are a dcodatc from thee, O my God, make ine, O my God, fo far to trufl 
 " thy promife, as to return them back to thee ! and by thy grace 1 will do 
 " fo, in diftributing them to any of thy poor members that are in diftrefs, 
 " or do but bear the image of Jefus my Mafter. Sir," faid he to his friend, 
 " my wife hath a competent maintenance fecured her after my death, and 
 " therefore as this is my prayer, fo this my refolution fliall, by God's grace, 
 *' be unalterable." 
 
 This may be fome account of the excellencies of the adlive part of his 
 life ; and thus he continued, till a conlumption fo weakened him, as to con- 
 fine him to his houfe, or to the chapel, which does almoft join to it; in 
 which he continued to read prayers conflantly twice every day, though he 
 were very w^eak : in one of which times of his reading his wife obferved 
 him to read in pain, and told him fo, and that it wafted his fpirits, and 
 weakened him ; and he confeffed it did, but faid, " his life could not be 
 " better fpent, than in the fervice of his Mafter Jefus, who had done and 
 " fuffered fo much for him : But," faid he, " I will not be wilful ; for 
 " though my fpirit be willing, yet I find my flefh is weak ; and therefore 
 " Mr. Boftock fhall be appointed to read prayers for me to-morrow, and I 
 
 " will
 
 GEORGE HERBERT 
 
 377 
 
 " will now be only a hearer of them, till this mortal fhall put on Immor- 
 " tality." And Mr. Boftock did the next day undertake and continue this 
 happy employment, till Mr. Herbert's death. This Mr. Boftock was a 
 learned and virtuous man, an old friend of Mr. Herbert's, and then his 
 curate to the church of FuUlon, which is a mile from Bemerton, to which 
 church Bemerton is but a chapel of eafc. And this Mr. Boftock did alfo 
 Gonftantly fupply the church-fervice for Mr. Herbert in that chapel, when 
 the mulic meeting at Saliltury caufed his abfence from it. • 
 
 About one month before his death, his friend Mr. Ferrar* (for an ac- 
 count of whom I am by promife indebted to the reader, and intind to 
 make him fudden payment) hearing of Mr. Herbert's ficknefs, fent Mr. 
 Edmund Duncon*" (who is now Reitor of Fryer Barnet, in the county of 
 Middlefex) from his houfe of Gidden Hall, which is near to Huntingdon, 
 to fee Mr. Herbert, and to aifiire him, he wanted not his daily prayers for 
 his recovery ; and Mr. Duncon was to return back to Gidden, with an ac- 
 count of Mr. Herbert's condition. Mr. Duncon found him weak, and at 
 
 3 G that 
 
 f " The fricndfliip of good men may be maintained in vigour and height, without the cere- 
 " monies of vifits and compliments, yea, without any trade of fecular courtefies, merely in or- 
 " der to fpirltual edification of one another in love. Mr. Fcrrai and Mr. George Herbert 
 " loved each other mod intimately, and drove a large ftock of Chriftian charity long before 
 *' their deaths, and yet they faw not each other in many years ; I think, fcarce ever, but as 
 " members of one univerfity, in their whole lives." (Barnabas Oleys Life of Mr. George- 
 
 Herbert.) Mr. George Herbert was very defir'ous of refigning his prebend in the church of 
 
 Lincoln to this his dear friend, who declined the acceptance of it, and diverted or diretleJ 
 the charity of Mr. Herbert to the re-edifying of the ruined church of Leighton, where the 
 corps of the prebend lay. 
 
 Of Mr. Nicholas Ferrar, a reclufe almoft to monachifm, yet a rational and .Hevout Chriftian, 
 Billiop Turner fays very properly, that fome things in his life were rather to be admired than 
 imitated : yet furely ke and his fociety are not deferving of that cenfure witii wliicli they have 
 been treated by the author of " Britilli Topography." 
 
 •> He was brother to Dr. Eleazer Duncon, Prebendary of^Durham, and to Mr. John Dun- ' 
 con, " two very worthy and learned perfons, and great fuflerers, who died before the miracle 
 " of our happy reftauration, and were happy in that they lived not to fee fuch oftentation of 
 " fin and ingratitude, as fome fince have made, as if they had been delivered from flaverie un- 
 " der the tyrant, that they might with more libertie yield thcmfelves fervants to fin under the 
 " tyrannic of Satan." (Barnabas 0/ey's Preface, ^c.J
 
 378 THE LIFE OF 
 
 that time lying on his bed, or on a pallet ; but at his feeing JMr. Dunoon, 
 he raifed himfelf vigoroufly, fainted him, and with fome earneftnefs in- 
 quired the health of his brother Ferrar ; of which Mr. Duncon fatisfied 
 him ; and after fome dlfcourfe of Mr. Ferrar's holy life, and the manner of 
 his conftant ferving God, he faid to Mr. Duncon, " Sir, I fee by your habit 
 " that you are a prieft, and I defire you to pray with me ;" which being 
 granted, Mr. Duncon afked him " What prayers?" to which Mr. Herbert's 
 anfwer was, " O, Sir, the prayers of my mother the Church of England ; 
 " no other prayers are equal to them ! but at this time, I beg of you to 
 " pray only the Litany, for I am weak and faint ;" and Mr. Duncon did fo. 
 After which, and fome other difcourfe of Mr. Ferrar, Mrs. Herbert provided 
 Mr. Duncon a plain fupper and a clean lodging, and he betook himfelf to 
 reft. — This Mr. Duncon tells me ; and tells me, that at his firft view of Mr. 
 Herbert he faw majefty and humility fo reconciled in his looks and beha- 
 A'iour, as begot in him an awful reverence for his perfon ; and fays, " his 
 *' difcourfe was fo pious, and his motion fo genteel and meek, that after al- 
 " moft forty years yet they remain ftill frefh in his memory." 
 
 The next morning, Mr. Duncon left him, and betook himfelf to a jour- 
 ney to Bath, but with a promife to return back to him within five days, and 
 he did fo ; but before I fhall fay any thing of what difcourfe then fell be- 
 twixt them two, I will pay ray promifed account of Mr. Ferrar. 
 
 Mr. Nicholas Ferrar (who got the reputation of being called " St. Ni- 
 cholas" at the age of fix years) was born in London, and doubtlefs had 
 good education in his youth ; but certainly was at an early age made Fel- 
 low of Clare Hall in Cambridge; where he continued to be eminent for his 
 piety, temperance, and learning. About the 26th' year of his age he be- 
 took himfelf to travel ; in which he added to his Latin and Greek, a per- 
 fect knowledge of all the languages fpoken in the weftern parts of our Chrif- 
 tian world, and underftood well the principles of their religion, and of 
 
 thci r 
 
 ' Rather in the 21ft year of his age. Mr. Ferrar was born Nov 22, 1592, and went abroad 
 in the retinue of the Princefs Elizabeth in 1613. He was ufually called " the Proteftant 
 Saint Nicholas, and the pious Mr. Herbert's brother." By the advice of Dr Butler, an emi- 
 nent phyfician at Cambridge, his fellow collegian, he travelled for his health ; his conftitution, 
 naturally delicate, having been much impaired by his inceflant application to ftudy.
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 379 
 
 their manner, and the reafons of their worfhip. In this his travel he met 
 with many perfuafions to come into a communion with that church which 
 calls itfelf Catholic ; but he returned from his travels as he went, eminent for 
 his obedience to his mother the Church of England, ki his abfence from 
 England, Mr. Ferrar's father (who was a merchant) allowed him a liberal 
 maintenance; and, not long after his return into England, Mr. Ferrar had, 
 by the death of his father, or an elder brother, or both, an eftate left him, 
 that enabled him to purchafe land to the value of four or five hundred 
 pounds a-year, the greateft part of which land was at Little Gidden, four 
 or fix miles from Huntingdon, and about eighteen from Cambridge ; 
 which place he chofe for the privacy of it, and for the hall, which had the 
 parilh-church or chapel belonging and adjoining near to it; for Mr. Ferrar 
 having feen the manners and vanities of the world, and found them to be, 
 as Mr. Herbert fays, " a nothing between two dilhes," did fo contemn it, 
 that he refolved to fpend the remainder of his life in mortifications, and iu 
 devotion, and charity, and to be always prepared for death : And his life 
 was fpent thus : 
 
 He and his family, which were like a little college, and about thirty in 
 number, did moft of them keep Lent and all Ember-weeks flridtly, both in 
 fading and ufing all thofe mortifications and prayers that the Church hath 
 appointed to be then ufed : and he and they did the like conftantly on Fri- 
 days, and on the vigils or eves appointed to be failed before the Saints'-days; 
 and this frugality and abflinence turned to the relief of the poor : but this 
 was but a part of his charity, none but God and he knew the reft.. 
 
 This family, which I have faid to be in number about thirty, were a part 
 of them his kindred, and the reft chofen to be of a temper fit to be moulded 
 into a devout life ; and all of them were for their difpofitions ferviceable 
 and quiet, and humble and free from fcandal. Having thus fitted himfclf 
 for his family, he did, about the year 1630, betake himfelf to a conftant and 
 methodical fervice of God, and it was in this manner : — He, being accom- 
 panied with moft of his family, did himfelf ufe to read the common-prayers 
 (for he was a deacon) every day, at the appointed hours of ten and four, ia 
 the parifh-church, which w-as very near his houfe, and which he had both, 
 repaired and adorned j for it was fallen into a great ruin, by reafon of a de- 
 
 3 G 2 population
 
 38o THE LIFE OF 
 
 population of the village, before Mr. Ferrar bought the manor : And he did 
 alfo conftantly read the matins every morning at the hour of lix, either in 
 the church, or in an oratory, which was within his own houfe ; and many 
 of theJamily did there continue with him after the prayers were ended, and 
 there they fpent fome hours in finging hymns or anthems, fometimes in 
 the church, and often to an organ in the oratory. And there they fometimes 
 betook thcmfelves to meditate, or to pray privately, or to read a part of the 
 New Teflament to themfelves, or to continue their praying or reading the 
 PHilms ; and, in cafe the Pfalms were not always read in the day, then Mr. 
 Ferrar, and others of the congregation, did at night, at the ring of a watch- 
 bell, i"epair to the church or oratory, and there betake themfelves to prayers 
 and lauding God, and reading the Pfalms that had not been read in the dayj 
 and when thefe, or any part of the congregation, giew weary or faint, the 
 watch-bell was rung, fometimes before and fometimes after midnight, 
 and then another part of the family rofe, and maintained the watch, fome- 
 times by praying or Tinging lauds to God or reading the Pfalms : and 
 wdien after fome hours they alfo grew weary or faint, then they rung the 
 watch-bell, and were alfo relieved by fome of the former, or by a new part 
 of the fociety, which continued their devotions (as hath been mentioned) 
 until morning. And it is to be noted, that in this continued ferving of 
 God, the Pfalter or whole Book of Pfalms, was in every four and twenty 
 hours fung or read over, from the firft to the laft verfe ; and this was done 
 as conftantly as the fun runs his circle every day about the world, and then 
 begins again the fame inftant that it ended. 
 
 Thus did Mr. Ferrar and his happy family ferve God day and night : — 
 Thus did they always behave themfelves, as in his prefence. And they did 
 always eat and drink by the ftridleft rules of temperance ; eat and drink fo 
 as to be ready to rife at midnight, or at the call of a watch-bell, and perform 
 their devotions to God. — And it is fit to tell the reader, that many of the 
 clergy that were more inclined to pra£tical piety and devotion, than to 
 doubtful and needlefs difputations, did often come to Gidden Hall, and 
 make themfelves a part of that happy fociety, and ftay a week or more, and 
 then join with Mr. Ferrar, and the family in thefe devotions, and affift and 
 eafe him or them in their watch by night. And thefe variouo devotions had 
 
 never
 
 GEORGE HERBERT, 
 
 38 i 
 
 never lefs than two of the domeftic family In the night ; and the watch was 
 always kept in the church or oratory, imlefs in extreme cold winter nights, 
 and then it was maintained in a parlour which had a fire in it, and the par- 
 lour'' was fitted for that purpofe. And this courfe of piety, and great li- 
 berality to his poor neighbours, Mr. Ferrar maintained till his death, which 
 was in the year 1639'. 
 
 Mr. 
 
 '' In this parlour was a tablet of brafs, placed by the advice of Mr. Herbert, with this in- 
 fcription approved by him : 
 
 I. H. S. 
 
 HE, WHO (by REPROOF OF OUR ") 
 
 ERRORS, AND REMONSTRANCE j 
 
 OF THAT WHICH IS MORE PER- L 
 
 FECt) seeks TO MAKE US BET. I 
 
 TER, IS WELCOME AS AN ANGEL J 
 
 r HE, WHO (by A CHEERFUL 
 
 J PARTICIPATION OP THAT 
 
 I «j WHICH IS good) CONFIRMSUS 
 
 I IN THE SAME, IS WELCOME AS 
 
 J^ A CHRISTIAN FRIEND. 
 
 HE, WHO ANY WAYS GOES A- 
 BOUT TO DISTURB US IN THAT 
 WHICH IS AND OUGHT TO BE 
 AMONGST CHRISTIANS (THO' 
 IT BE NOT USUAL IN THE 
 world), IS A BURDEN WHILST 
 HE STAYS, AND SHALL BEAR HIS 
 JUDGMENT, W HOSOEVER HE BE. 
 
 > AND ■< 
 
 HE, WHO FAULTS US IN AB- 
 SENCE FOR THAT WHICH IN 
 PRESENCE HE MADE SHEW TO 
 APPROVE OF, DOTH BY A 
 DOUBLE GUILT OF FLATTERY 
 AND SLANDER VIOLATE THE 
 BANDS BOTH OF FRIENDSHIP 
 AND CHARITY. 
 
 MARY FERRAR, WIDOW, 
 
 MOTHER OF THIS FAMILY, 
 
 AGED FOURSCORE YEARS, 
 
 (WHO BIDS ADIEU TO ALL FEARS AND HOPES OF THIS WORLD, 
 
 AND ONLY DESIRES TO SERVE GOD) 
 
 SET UP THIS TABLE. 
 
 ' Mr. Ferrar died Dec. 2, 1637. (Dr. Peckard's Memoirs, ijfc.) That happy fociety, of 
 
 which he was the foundei, is thus noticed ia a well-known ludicrous poem ; 
 
 «' T»
 
 382 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Mr. Ferrar's and Mr. Herbert's devout lives were both fo noted, that the 
 general report of their fandlity gave them occafion to renew that flight ac- 
 quaintance which was begun at their being contemporaries in Cambridge ; 
 and this new holy friendfliip was long maintained without any interview, 
 but only by loving and endearing letters. And one tcftimony of their 
 friendfhip and pious defigns may appear by Mr. Ferrar's commending 
 " The Confiderations of John Valdeflb""' (a book which he had met with 
 
 in 
 
 " To th' new-founded College came I 
 
 " Commended to the care of many ; 
 
 " Bounteous are tliey, kind and loving, 
 
 •' Doing whatfoe'ei's behoving. 
 
 " Thefe hold and walk together wholly, 
 
 " And ftate their lands on iifes holy. 
 
 " Whether pure thefe are or are not, 
 
 " As I know not, fo I care not : 
 
 " But if they be dilTenibling brothers, 
 
 " Their life furpafleth many others : 
 
 " See but their cell, fchool, and their temple, 
 
 •' You'll fay, the ftars were their example." 
 
 Of dils congregation of faints, fee " Hacket's Life of Archbilhop Williams," p. 50 — 53. During 
 the civil commotions, their religion and loyalty expofed them to danger. The whole family 
 
 " fled away and difperfed, and tookjo^ully the fpoil'mg of their goods." Heb. x. 34. All that 
 
 they had reftored to the church, all that they had bellowed upon facred comelinefs, all that 
 they had gathered for their owiv livelihood and for alms, were feized upon as lawful prey, 
 taken from fuperftitious perfons. 
 
 "" The verfion of this celebrated work of John Valdeflb is printed in o£lavo, and contains 
 311 pages. It is entitled, " The Hundred and Ten Confiderations of Signior John Valdesso, 
 treating of thofe Things which are moll profitable, mod neceflary, and moil perfedl in our 
 Chriftian Profeffion. Written in Spanifli, brought out of Italy by Vergerius, and firfl fet forth 
 in Italian at Bafil, by Caclius Secundus Curio, Anno 1550 : afterward tranflated into French, 
 and printed at Lyons, 1563, and again at Paris, 1565, and now tranflated out of the Italian 
 Copy into Englifh, with Notes : Whereunto is added an Epiftle of the Author's, or a Preface 
 to his divine Commentary upon the Romans, i Cor. ii. • Howbeit we fpeak Wifdom amongfl: 
 ' them that are perfeft, yet not the Wifdom of this World.' O.xford : Printed by Leonard 
 Lichfield, Printer to the Univerfity. Ann. Dom. 1638." 
 
 Of the nature of this work we may form an idea from the Addrcfs of the Editor, the 
 learned Dr. Jackfon, to the Reader : 
 
 " Thefe
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 383 
 
 la his travels, and tranflated out of SpanilTi into Englifli) to be examined 
 and cenfured by Mr. Herbert before it was made public ; which excellent 
 
 book 
 
 •' Thcfe truly divine meditations or confiderations of Signior John Valdeflb, a nobleman of 
 " Spain (who died aimoft an hundred years agoe), having been fo acceptable to pious Vige- 
 " rius, to learned Cxlius Secundus Curio, and to many others both french and Italian pro- 
 " teftants, that they have been tranflated out of the original fpanllh copy, and printed three 
 *' or four times in thofe languages ; it fcemeth to me a reafonable and charitable defign to 
 " print them now in Englifli, without any alteration at all from the Italian copy, the Spanilh 
 " being either not at all extant, or not eafy to be found. It is certain that the book containeth 
 " many worthy difcourfcs of experimental and practical divinity, well exprefled, and elegantly 
 " illuftrated, efpecially concerning the doftrines of juftification and mortification : and yet, 
 " notwithftanding, there be fome few expreflions and fimilitudes in it, at which not only the 
 " weak reader may (tumble, and the envious quarrel ; but alfo the wife and charitable reader 
 " may juftly blame. To have removed thefe few flumbiing-blocks, or offcnfive paflages by 
 " leaving them out, or by altering them, had not been the work of a tranflator, but of an au- 
 " thor ; bcfides the ill example of altering ancient authors, which is one of the greateft caufes 
 " of the corruption of truth and learning. Therefore, it hath been tliought fit to print the 
 *' book according to the author's own copy, but withall to give particular notice of fome fuf- 
 " picious places, and of fome manifeft errors which follow, particularly exprefled in the en- 
 " fuing pages ; referring the reft, if any there be, to the judgment of the reader. He lived 
 " where the fcriptures were in no reputation ; and, therefore, no marvel that he fhould fpeak 
 " fo flightly of them ; but rather, on the contrary, it may feem a marvellous thing in our 
 " ages to have a ftatefman in thofe parts at that time fo far illuminated and taught of GoJ 
 " as he was. — May it pleafe the divine Goodnefs, that every reader may reap the like com- 
 " fort and profit to his foul, as the tranflator and publilher humbly and thankfully acknow- 
 " ledge that they have done, and they have their main fc(^e and aim in publifliing it !" 
 
 Prefixed to " The Confiderations" is alfo an Addrefs from Cxiius Secundus Curio to the 
 Reader, in which we have the following account of Valdeflb : " Thefe Confiderations, as 
 " many well know, were firft written by the author in the fpanifli language ; but afterward, 
 " by a certain pious and worthy perfon, tranflated into Italian. Yet have they not been able 
 " altogether to quit thofe forms of fpeech which are proper to Spain. — John Valdeflb was by 
 «' nation a Spaniard, of noble kindred, of an honourable degree, and a refplcndcnt Chc%'aiicr 
 " of the Emperor, but a much more honourable and refplcndeut Chevalier of Chrill. True 
 " it is, he did not much follow the court after that Chrift had revealed himfelf to him ; but 
 " abode in Italy, fpending the greateft part of his life at Naples, where with the fwcetnefle of 
 " his doctrine, and tlie fandity of his life, he gained many difciplcs unto Cliri.l ; and efpc- 
 " daily among the gentlemen and cavaliers, and fome ladies, he was very eminent and praifc- 
 
 Y-orthy
 
 384 THE LIFE OF 
 
 book Mr. Herbert did read, and returned back with many marginal notes, as 
 they be now printed with it : and with them, Mr. Herbert's afFcdionate 
 letter to Mr. Ferrar. 
 
 This John Valdeflb was a Spaniard, and was for his learning and virtue 
 much valued and loved by the great Emperor Charles V. whom Valdeflb 
 had followed as a cavalier all the time of his long and dangerous wars ; and 
 when Valdeflb grew old, and grew weary both of war and the world, he 
 took his fair opportunity to declare to the Emperor, th^t his refolution was 
 to decline his Majefty's fervice, and betake himfelf to a quiet and contem- 
 plative life, becaufe there ought to be a vacancy of time -betwixt fighting 
 and dying. The Emperor had himfelf for the fame, or other like reafons, 
 put on the fame refolution : But God and himfelf did, till then, only know 
 them ; and he did therefore defire Valdeflb to confider well of what he had 
 faid, and to keep his purpofc within his own breafl;, till they two might 
 
 have 
 
 " worthy in all kinds of praife. It feemed that he was appointed by God for a teacher and 
 " paftor of noble and illuftrious perfonages : although he was of fuch benignity and cha- 
 " rity, that he accounted himfelf debtor of his talents to every rude and mean perfon, and 
 " became all things to all men, that he might gaine all to Chrift : and not this alone, but he 
 " gave light to fome of the mofl famous preachers of Italy, which I very well know, having 
 " converfed with them themfelves. 
 
 " He never had wife, but lived moft continently, nor did he attend to ought elfe, as 
 " much as he could, than unto mortification, in which death overtaking him, he became per- 
 '' fe£lly mortified, fo as to be perfecflly quickened in the refurreftion of the juft, and to enjoy 
 " our Lord Chrift. He died in Naj^les about the year 1540. He hath left behind alfo cer- 
 " taine other good and pious compofitions, which, as I hope, fhall by Vergerlus his meanes 
 " be communicated unto you." 
 
 Subjoined to " The Confiderations" is an Epiftle written by Valdeflb " to Lady Dona Jull.i 
 de Gonzaga," to whom he dedicates " A Commentary upon the Epiftle to the Romans." It 
 appears, that along with this Commentary he fent to her all St. Paul's Epiftles, tranllated from 
 the Greek into the orcinary Cajlilian language. He fays, that he had before tranflated the 
 Pfalms of David from the original Hebrew, for her ufe ; and he promifes to furnifh her with 
 " The Hlfiory ofChr'iJi" in the fame language, " at fuch time and manner as it fliall pleafe the 
 " Divine Majefty." 
 
 Mr. Ifaac Walton in his " Complete Angler," p. 26, introduces a remark of Valdeflb;), whom 
 he calls an ingenious Spaniard, " that rivers, and the inhabitants of the watery element, were 
 made for wife men to contemplate, and fools to pufs by without confideraticn."
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 385 
 
 have a fecond opportunity of a friendly difcourfe ; which ValdefTo proniifed 
 to do. 
 
 In the mean time, the Emperor appoints privately a day for him and 
 Valdeflb to meet again, and after a pious and free difcourfe, they both agreed 
 on a certain day to receive the bleffcd facrament publicly, and appointed an 
 eloquent and devout friar to preach a fermon of contempt of the world, and 
 of the happlnefs and benefit of a quiet and contemplative life, which the 
 friar did moft afFedionately. After which fermon, the Emperor took oc- 
 cafion to declare openly, " That the preacher had begot In him arefolution 
 *' to lay down his dignities, and to forfake the world, and betake himfelf 
 " to a monaftical life"." And he pretended he had perfuaded John ValdefTo 
 to do the like ; but this is moft certain, that after the Emperor had called 
 his fon Philip out of England, and refigned to him all his kingdoms, that 
 then the Emperor and John Valdeflb did perform their refolutions. 
 
 This account of John Valdeflb I received from a friend, that had it from 
 the mouth of Mr. Ferrar : And the reader may note, that In this retirement 
 John Valdeflb wrote his " Hundred and Ten Confiderations," and many 
 other treatifes of worth, which want a fecond Mr. Ferrar to procure and 
 tranflate them. 
 
 After this account of Mr. Ferrar and John Valdeflb, I proceed to my ac- 
 count of Mr. Herbert and Mr. Duncon,.who, according to his promife, re- 
 turned from the Bath the fifth day, and then found Mr. Herbert much 
 weaker than he left him : and, therefore, their difcourfe could not be long j 
 but at Mr. Duncon's parting with him, Mr. Herbert fpoke to this purpofe : 
 " Sir, I pray give my brother Ferrar an account of the decaying condition 
 " of my body, and tell him I beg him to continue his daily prayers for 
 " me : And let him know, that I have confidered, that God only is what he 
 
 3 H " ivould 
 
 ° Charles V. was defirous of expiating the many difonlers of a Hfe fpent in continued wars, 
 by devoting his laft years to the fcrvice of God. He retired to the monaftery of Saint Jufl, 
 fituated ncarPlacentia, on the frontiers of Caftile and Portugal. Is it not to be regretted that 
 after his retirement he often exprefled his forrow for having obferved thefafe condiiH, that he 
 had formerly given to Luther, lamenting that he did not feize that reformer, to whom he had 
 folemnly promifed fecurity i That bigotry muft Iiave been great indeed, which impelled a 
 Chriftian Prince to lament that he had not violated the moft facred engagement.
 
 386 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " would be', and that I am, by his grace, become now fo like him, as to be 
 " pleafed with what plealeth him ; and tell him, that I do not repine, but 
 *' am pleafed with my want of health ; and tell him my heart is lixed on 
 " that place where true joy is only to be found ; and that I long to be 
 ** there, and do wait for my appointed change with hope and patience." — 
 Having fliid this, he did, with fo fweet a humility as feemed to exalt him, 
 bow down to Mr. Duncon, and, with a thoughtful and contented look, fay 
 to him, " Sir, I pray deliver this little book to my dear brother Ferrar, and 
 " tell him, he fhall find in it a pidlure of the many fpiritual conflids that 
 *' have paffed betwixt God and my foul, before I could fubjeft mine to the 
 " will of Jefus my Mafter ; in whofe fervice I have now found perfedl free- 
 " dom ; defire him to read it ; and then, if he can think it may turn to the 
 " advantage of any dejedted poor foul, let it be made public ; if not, let 
 
 *' him burn it ; for I and it are lefs than the leaft of God's mercies"." 
 
 Thus meanly did this humble man think of this excellent book, which now 
 bears the name of " The Temple ; or, Sacred Poems and Private Ejacula- 
 tions ;" of which Mr. Ferrar would fay, " There was in it the pidiure of 
 " a divine foul in every page ; and that the whole book was fuch a har- 
 *' mony of holy paflions, as would enrich the world with pleafure and 
 *' piety." And it appears to have done fo ; for there have been more than 
 twenty thoufand of them fold fmce the firft impreffion. 
 
 And this ought to be noted, that when Mr. Ferrar feni this book to Cam- 
 bridge to be licenfed for the prefs, the Vice Chancellor would by no means 
 allow the two fo much noted verfes" 
 
 Religion (lands a tip-toe in our land, 
 Ready to pafs to the American flrand, 
 
 to be printed ; and Mr. Ferrar would by no means allow the book to be 
 
 printed 
 
 In " Peckard's Memoirs," Sec is inferted a prayer drawn up by Mr. Ferrar, on the parti- 
 cular occafion of the dangerous illnefs of his dear friend, Mr. George Herbert. 
 P " Religion Itands on tiptoe on our land, 
 " ReaJy to pafs to the American Ihand. 
 •' When height of malice, and prodigious lufts, 
 " Inipudenl finning, witchcrafts, and diltrufts, 
 " The marks of future bane, fliall fill our cup 
 " Unto the brim, and make our meafure up; 
 
 " When
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 387 
 
 printed and want them ; but after fome time, and fome arguments for and 
 againft their being made public, the Vice Chancellor faid, " I knew Mr. 
 *' Herbert well, and know that he had many heavenly fpeculations, and was 
 " a divine poet ; but I hope the world will not take him to be an infpircd 
 " prophet, and therefore I licenfe the whole book." So that it came to be 
 printed without the diminution or addition of a fyllable, fmce it was deli- 
 vered into the hands of Mr. Duncon, fave only that Mr. Ferrar hath added 
 that excellent preface that is printed before it. 
 
 At the time of Mr. Duncon's leaving Mr. Herbert (which was about 
 three weeks before his death), his old and dear friend Mr. Woodnot came 
 from London to Bemerton, and never left him till he had feen him draw 
 his laft breath, and clofed his eyes on his death-bed. In this time of his de- 
 cay, he was often vifited and prayed for by all the clergy that lived near to 
 him, efpecially by his friends the Bifhop and Prebendaries of the cathedral 
 church in Salifbury ; but by none more devoutly than his wife, his three 
 nieces (then a part of his family), and Mr. Woodnot, who were the fad wit- 
 ncfles of his daily decay; to whom he would often fpeak to this purpofe: 
 " I now look back upon the pleafures of my life paft, and fee the content 
 " I have taken in beauty, in wit, and mufic, and pleafant converfation, are 
 " now all paft by me like a dream or as a fhadow that returns not, and are 
 " now all become dead to me, or I to them ; and I fee that as my father and 
 *' generation hath done before me, fo I alfo fhall now fuddenly (with Job) 
 " make my bed alfo in the dark; and I praife God I am prepared for it ; and 
 
 3 H 2 "I praife 
 
 " When Sein (hall fwallow Tiber ; and the Thames, 
 
 " By letting in them both, pollutes her ftreams j 
 
 " When Italy of us fliall have her will, 
 
 " And all her calendars of fins fulfil, 
 
 " Whereby one may foretell what fins, next year, 
 
 " Shall both in France and England domineer j 
 
 " Then (hall Religion to America flee : 
 
 " They have their times of gofpel ev'n as we." 
 
 (Mr. Htrherfs Church Militant.) 
 
 It is unneceflary to remark the abfurdity of fuppofing, that the producflions of a propliet are 
 contained in thefe lines of Mr, George Herbert.
 
 388 THE LIFE OF 
 
 *' I praife him, that I am not to learn patience, now I ftand In fuch need 
 *' of it ; and that I have pra£lifed mortitication, and endeavoured to die 
 " da'ly, that 1 might not die eternally ; and my hope is, that I (hall fliortly 
 *' leave this valley of tears, and be free from all fevers and pain; and, which 
 " vpill ije a more happy condition, I ihall be free from lin, and all the 
 *' temptations and anxieties that attend it ; and this being paft, I (hall dwell 
 *' in the New Jerufalem ; dwell there with men made perfe6l ; dwell where 
 " thefe eyes Ihall fee my Mafter and Saviour Jefus ; and with him fee my 
 *' dear mother, and all my relations and friends : — But I muft die, or not 
 " come to that happy place : And this is my content, that I am going daily 
 *' towards it ; and that every day which I have lived hath taken a part of 
 *' my appointed time from me ; and that I fhall live the lefs time, for 
 
 *' having lived this and the day paft." Thefe, and the like expreffions, 
 
 ■which he uttered often, may be faid to be his enjoyment of heaven before 
 he enjoyed it. The Sunday before his death, he rofe fuddenly from his 
 bed or couch, called for one of his inftruments, took it into his hand, and 
 faid, 
 
 TSTy God, my God, 
 
 My mufic fliall find thee. 
 
 And ev'ry ftring 
 Shall have his attribute to fing. 
 
 And having tuned it, he played and fung : 
 
 The Sundays of man's life, 
 Threadded together on time's ftring. 
 Make bracelets to adorn the wife 
 Of the eternal glorious King : 
 On Sundays heaven's door ftands ope } 
 BlefTings are plentiful and rife. 
 
 More plentiful than hope *•• 
 
 Thus he fung on earth fuch hymns and anthems as the angels, and he, 
 and Mr. Ferrar, now fmg in heaven. 
 
 Thus 
 
 ' See the whole hymn entitled « Sunday," in Mr. Herbert's « Temple."
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 389 
 
 Thus he continued meditating, and praying, and rejoicing, till the day 
 of his de:ith ; and on that day faid to Mr. Woodnot, " My dear friend, I am 
 " forry I have nothing to prefcnt to my merciful God hut fm and mifery ; 
 " but the firft is pardoned ; and a few hours will now put a period to the 
 " latter ; for I fhall fuddenly go hence and be no more feen." Upon which 
 expreflion, Mr. Woodnot took occafion to remember him of the re-edifying 
 Layton church, and his many ads of mercy ; to which he made anfwer, 
 faying, " They be good works, if they be fprinkled with the blood of 
 *' Chrift, and not otherwife." After this difcourfe he became more reftlefs, 
 and his foul feemed to be weary of her earthly tabernacle ; and this un- 
 eafmefs became fo vifible, that his wife, his three nieces, and Mr. Woodnot, 
 flood conftantly about his bed, beholding him with forrow, and an unwil- 
 lingnefs to lofe the fight of him whom they could not hope to fee much 
 longer. As they ftood thus beholding him, his wife obferved him to 
 breathe faintly, and with much trouble ; and obferved him to fall into a fud- 
 den agony, which fo furprifed her, that flic fell into a fudden paflion, and 
 required of him to know how he did ? to which his anfwer was," that he had 
 *' pafTed a confliiSt with his laft enemy, and had overcome him, by the merits 
 *' of his Mafter Jefus." After which anfwer he looked up, and faw his wife 
 and nieces weeping to an extremity, and charged them, *' if they loved him, 
 *' to withdraw into the next room, and there pray every one alone for him; 
 *' for nothing but their lamentations could make his death uncomfortable." 
 To which requeft their fighs and tears would not fuffer them to make any 
 reply, but they yielded him a fad obedience, leaving only with him Mr. 
 Woodnot and Mr. Boftock. Immediately after they had left him, he faid 
 to Mr, Boftock, " Pray, Sir, open that door, then look into that cabinet, in 
 *' which you may eafily find my laft-will, and give it into my hand :" 
 which being done, Mr. Herbert delivered it into the hand of Mr. Woodnot, 
 and faid, " My old friend, I here deliver you my laft will, in which you 
 " will find that I have made you my fole executor for the good of my wife 
 *' and nieces ; and I defire you to ftiew kindnefs to them, as they fliall 
 *' need it: I do not defire you to be juft, for I know you will be fo for 
 *' your own fake ; but I charge you, by the religion of our friendfliip, 
 " to be careful of them." And having obtained Mr, Woodnot's promife 
 
 to
 
 390 . THE LIFE OF 
 
 to be fo, he faid, " I am now ready to die." After which words he faid, 
 *' Lord, forfake me not, now my ftrength faileth me ; but grant me mercy 
 " for the merits of my Jefus. And now Lord — Lord, now receive my foul." 
 And with thofe words he breathed forth his divine foul, without any appa- 
 rent difturbance, Mr. Woodnot and Mr. Boflock attending his laft breath, 
 and clofmg his eyes'. 
 
 Thus he lived, and thus he died like a faint, unfpotted of the world, full 
 of alms-deeds, full of humility, and all the examples of a virtuous life 3 
 which I cannot conclude better, than with this borrowed obfervation : 
 
 All muft to their cold graves } 
 
 But the religious adlions of the juft 
 
 Smell fweet in death, and bloflbm in the dud '. 
 
 Mr. George Herbert's have done fo to this, and will doubtlefs do fo to fuc- 
 ceeding generations. I have but this to fay more of him, that if Andrew 
 
 Melvin 
 
 • Thus died Mr. George Herbert : 
 
 " He taught us how to live ; and ah, too high 
 " A price for knowledge '. taught us how to die." 
 
 ' I am obliged to the ingenious author of " The Lives of the Deans of Canterbury," for' 
 pointing out the little poem entitled " Death's final Conquefty" from which thefe lines were, 
 probably quoted. It was originally intended for a folemn dirge, in a play compofed by 
 James Shirley, a dramatic writer, who flourlfhed in the beginning of the reign of Charles I. 
 and who died in 1666. It was a favourite fong with Charles II. ; and Oliver Cromwell is 
 faid, on the recital of it, to have been feized with great terror and agitation of mind. The 
 following is the third and concluding ftanza : 
 
 " The garlands wither on your brow ; 
 
 " Then boaft no more your mighty deeds : 
 " Upon Death's purple altar now 
 " See where the viftor viflim bleeds. 
 " All heads muft come 
 " To the cold tomb : 
 " Only the aflions of the juft 
 " Smdl fweet, and bloflom in the diift," 
 
 I
 
 GEORGE HERBERT. 391 
 
 Melvin died before him ', then George Herbert died without an enemy ". 
 
 I wifh (if God fhall be fo pleafed) that I may be fo happy as to die like 
 
 him. 
 
 IZ. WA. 
 
 There Is a debt juftly due to the memory of Mr. Herbert's virtuous 
 wife ; a part of which I will endeavour to pay, by a very fhort account of 
 the remainder of her life, which fhall follow. 
 
 She continued his difconfolate widow about fix years, bemoaning herfelf 
 and complaining that fhe had loft the delight of her eyes ; but more that 
 Ihe had loft the fpiritual guide for her poor foul ; and would often fay, 
 *' O that I had, like holy Mary, the mother of Jefus, treafured up all his 
 *' fayings in my heart ; but fmce I have not been able to do that, I will la- 
 " hour to live like him, that where he now is, I may be alfo." And flie 
 would often fay (as the prophet David for his fon Abfalom) " O that I had 
 " died for him !" Thus fhe continued mourning, till time and convcrfa- 
 lion had fo moderated her forrows, that fhe became the happy wife of Sir 
 Robert Cook, of Highnam, in the county of Gloucefter, Knight : And 
 though he put a high value on the excellent accomplifhments of her mind 
 and body, and was fo like Mr. Herbert, as not to govern like a mafter, but as 
 an affedtionate hufband ; yet flie would, even to him, often take occafion to 
 
 mention 
 
 "^ " Mr. George Herbert, Efq. Parfon of Fuglefton and Bemerton, was buried 3d day of 
 
 " March, 1632." (Pari/Ij Regijler of Bemerton.) It does not appear whether he was buried 
 
 in the parifli church or in the chapel. His letter to Mr. Nicholas Ferrar, the tranflator of 
 Valdeiro, is dated from his parfonage at Bemerton, near Salifbury, Sep. 29, 1632. It mull be 
 remembered, that the beginning of the year, at that time, was computed from the 25th of 
 March. In this year alfo, he wrote the fliort Addrefs to the Reader, which is prefixed to his 
 " Pried to the Temple," which was not publiflied till after his death. 
 
 " We cannot fuppofe that Andrew Melville could retain the lead perfonnl refcntment 
 againft Mr. Herbert ; whofe letters have in them fo little of the poignancy of fatire, that it is 
 fcarce poITible to confider tliem as capable of exciting the anger of him to whom they are 
 addreflcd.
 
 39a THE LIFE, &c. 
 
 mention the name of Mr. George Herbert, and fay, " that name muft live in 
 
 " her memory, till fhe put off mortality." By Sir Robert, flie had only 
 
 one child, a daughter, whofe parts and plentiful eftate make her happy in 
 this world, and her well ufmg of them gives a fair teftimony that fhe will be 
 fo in that which is to come. 
 
 Mrs. Herbert was the wife of Sir Robert eight years, and lived his widow 
 about fifteen ; all which time fhe took a pleafure in mentioning and com- 
 mending the excellencies of Mr. George Herbert. She died in the year 
 1663, and lies buried at Highnam ; Mr. Herbert in his own church, un- 
 der the altar, and covered with a grave-ftone without any infcription. 
 
 This Lady Cook had preferved many of Mr. Herbert's private writings, 
 ■which fhe intended to make public, but they and Highnam Houfe were 
 burnt together, by the late rebels, and fo loft to pofterity. 
 
 L W. 
 
 APPENDIX, 
 
 i
 
 APPENDIX.-^No.L 
 
 THE WORKS OF MR. GEORGE HERBERT. 
 
 I. " ORATIO qua aufpicatiffimum fercniflimi Principis CAROL! reditum ex Hifpaniij 
 " cclebravit GEORGIUS HERBERT, Academic CantabrigienCs Orator. 1623." 
 
 A' fliort extradl from this oration may not be unacceptable to the clafTic reader. 
 " Scio Belli nomcn fplcndidum cfTe .et gloriofum. Dum animus grandis fuique impos tri- 
 " umphos et vi<Slorias quafi frxna ferox fpumantia mandit; juvat micare gladio, et mucrouem 
 " intueri. 
 
 " Jam nunc minaci murmure cornuum 
 " Stringuntur aures; jam litui ftrepunt; 
 " Jam fulgor armorum fugaces 
 
 " Terret equos, equitumque vultus. 
 
 " Cum tamen fplendida plerumque vitrea fint, claritatem fragilitate corrumpentia; neque de 
 " privato agamus bono, fed publico; certe fatendum efl antcferendam bello pacem, fine qua 
 " omnis vita procclla, et mundus folitudo. Pace, filii fcpeliunt patres; bello, patresfilios: 
 " Pace, xgri fanantur; bello, etiam fani intercunt: Pace, fecuritas in agris eft; bello, neque 
 *' intra muros : Pace, avium cantus expergefacit; bello, tubx ac tympana: Paxnovum orbcm 
 " aperuit, bellum deftruit veterem. 
 
 " ^o^E^oc St y.a> veSiii xaxc; ilpv. 
 
 II. " A TRANSLATION of LEWIS CORNARO'S TREATISE on TEMPERANCE." 
 Printed at Cambridge in 1634, along with Mr. Nicholas Ferrar's Tranflation of " The 
 " Hygiafticon, or the right Courfe of preferving Health, by Leonard Leflius." To Mr. 
 Herbert's Tranflation is annexed " A Paradox, tranflated out of Italian, T/^at a more /pare 
 diet is better than afpUiidid orfumptuous." 
 
 III. " HERBERT'S REMAINS ; or, Sundn' Pieces of that fvveet Singer of the Temple, 
 Mr. GEORGE HERBERT, fometime Orator of the Univerfity of Cambridge, now ex- 
 pofed to public Light " London 1652. 
 
 This volume confifts of— 1. " A Prieft to the Temple.or the Country P.irfon hisCharaaer 
 and Rule of Holy Life ; with a Prefatory View of the Life and Virtues ofthe Authour and 
 Excellencies of this Book, by Barnabas Oley." In the fccond and fubfequent imprenions of 
 
 3 I this
 
 394 APPENDIX.— No. I. 
 
 this volume is added, " A Preface to the Chriflian Reader," confifting of fix paragraphs, by 
 Mr. Oley. 2. *' Jacula Prudentum •, cr Outlandifli Proverbs, Sentences, &c. fclcdlcd by- 
 Mr. George Herbert." 
 
 IV. " THE TEMPLE : SACRED POEMS and PRIVATE EJACULATIONS, by Mr. 
 GEORGE HERBERT, late Orator of the Univerfity of Cambridge. In his Temple doth 
 every, Man /peak of his Honour, Pfal. .xxix. Cambridge 1633." To Mr. Herbert's " Teznple" 
 lias been ufually annexed, a CoUeclioii of Poems, entitled *' The Synagogue, or Shadow of 
 the Temple." The author of " The Synagogue" is unknown. That he was a clergyman ot 
 the Church of England, appears from Mr. Ifaac Walton's verfes to him. Mr. Granger has 
 afcribed it to Crafhaw, whom Cowley has praifed, and Pope has imitated ; but whofe compo- 
 fitions are infinitely fuperior to any thing in this work. He has probably been led into, this 
 error from one part of Crafliaw's volume of poems, bearing the title of " Steps to the Tem- 
 ple." That it was not written byCrafiiaw, is evident from this circumftance : After his con- 
 verfion to Popery, he led a moft- miferable life abroad, and going to Italy was at 'ength ap- 
 pointed a Canon orChapIain of Loretto, where he died in 1650. 
 
 " The Synagogue" was not publiflied till after that period : And Walton exprefsly tells us, 
 that he " loved the author for his facred poetry before he perfonally knew him ; and that 
 now, fince his pcrfonal knowledge of him, he loves him more. 
 
 " I lov'd you for your Synagogue before 
 " I knew your perfon ; but now love you more, 
 " Becaufe I find 
 " It is fo true a piflure of your mind." 
 
 That it was aftually written by Mr. Chriflopher Hervey, I have attempted to prove in 
 another place. 
 
 It has been already noticed,. that his Epigrams on Andrew Melville, entitled " Mufx 
 Refponforia: ad Andrex Melvini Anti-Tami-Cami-Categoriam Ex ofiicina Joh. Field, 
 Cantab. 1662," I2m°, are inferted in the " Ecclefiaftes Solomonis," &c. publiihed by Dr. 
 James Duport. 
 
 During his refidence at Cambridge, he compofed Latin poems on the death of Henry 
 Prince of Wales ; and of Anne, Queen to James I. See " Epicedium Cantabrigienfe in 
 obitum immaturum femperque deflendum Henrici illuflriffimi Principis Walliae. Cantab. 
 1612." And " Lachrymse Cantabrigienfes in obitum fereniffimae Reginae Annse, Conjugis 
 dileftiflims Jacobi Magnse Britanniie, Francia;, et Hibernix Regis. Cantab. 1619." 
 
 The following letters, written by Mr. Herbert, when he was Public Orator, are in the 
 Orator's Book at Cambridge : 
 
 1. " To Sir Robert Naunton, with thanks for fome z€ls of kindnefs procured by him from 
 government to the univerfity." 
 
 2. " To Fulk Greville, on the fame account." 
 
 3. " To George Villiers, Marquis of Buckingham, on his being created a Marquis." 
 
 4. " To
 
 APPENDIX.— No. I. 397 
 
 4. " To Sir Francis Bacon, with thanks for his Novum Organum." 
 
 5. " To Sir Thomas Coventry, Attorney-General," 
 
 6. " To Montagu, Lord Treafurer," and 
 
 7. "To Sir Robert Heath, Solicitor-General, congratulating them on their feveral pro- 
 motions." 
 
 8. " To King James, with thanks for a prefent of his Doron BaftliconJ' 
 
 9. " To the fame, with thanks for the prefervation of the river." 
 
 10. " To Sir Francis Bacon, on the fame fubjeft." 
 
 11. "To Dr. Abbot, Archbifhop of Canterbury, againft the London Printers monopo- 
 lizing foreign books." 
 
 12- " To Sir Francis Bacon, on the fame fubjecl." 
 
 13. " To Leigh, Chief Juftice, on his promotion." 
 
 14. " To Cranfield, Lord Treafurer, on the fame occafion." 
 
 NO apology is deemed neceflary for the infertion of the annexed Letters. 
 The intimacy which fubfifted between Sir Francis Bacon and Mr. Herbert 
 is well known : And the fubjed which gave occafion to the epiftle ad- 
 drefled to James I. is mentioned in Walton's Life of Mr. Herbert, p. 336. 
 
 " GRATIS DE INSTAURATIONIS LIERO ACADEMI^E DONATO, 4TO. NOV l620. 
 " ILLUSTRISSIME DOMINE, 
 
 " Prolem tuam fuaviflimam nuper in lucem publicam noflramque prxfertim editam, non 
 *' gremio folum (quod innuis) fed et ambabus ulnis ofculifque ei Ktati debitis cxcipicntcs 
 " protinus tanquam nobilem Filium (more noilro) Magiftrum Artium renunciavimus. 
 " Optimc enim hoc convcnit partui tuo, qui novas fcientiarum regiones terrafque veteribus 
 " incognitas primus dcmonftrat, ex quo illuilrius allecutus es nomen, quam rcpenores Novi 
 " Orbis compararunt. lUi terram invenerunt, craifillimum elementum ; Tu fubtilitates 
 " Artium infinitas. lUi barbara omnia, Tu non nifi cultiffima, elegantiafque ipfas eshibes. 
 " Illi magnetlca acu freti funt; Tu per.ctrantiori intellec^us acuminej cujus nifi incredibilis 
 " fuilTet vis, nunquam in tantis negotiis, quibus meritilFime diftri£lus es, ea, qune fugerunc 
 " tot Philofophos umbra et otio difflucntes, erulfles. Quare multiplex eft lartitia noftra; 
 " primo, gratuhmur Optimo Rcginoftro; qui profpicit,ut, cum ipfeeruditionisprinceps fit, illi 
 " etiam honores qui finitimi funt et quafi accoloe Majedatis, literature furc et vicinitnti 
 
 3 I 2 " refpomicart;
 
 390 . APPENDIX— No. I. 
 
 " refpondeant; dein, honori tuo gratulamur; qui Filio auctus es tali ingenlo predito: Turn, 
 " Academic noftrx ; quse per tuum partum ex Matre nunc Avia fadta ell : Denique, huic 
 *' setati; qux talem virum protulit cum quinque millibus annorum de Palma certantem. Id 
 " unum dolemus, Bibliothecam noftram rudiorem efie implexiorcmque quatn ut tantum 
 '' hofpitem excipiat : Utcunque cum olim ab Archiepifcopo Eboracenfi, fummo Anglic 
 " Cancellario extru£la fuerit, ilium nunc denuo ex ^dibus Eboracenfibus ab altero Cancel- 
 " lario iNSTAURAUi, inter arcana Providential plane reponimus. Faxit Deus, ut, quos pro- 
 " fedlus feceris in Sphsra Naturae, facias etiam, in Gratix-, utquc mature abfolvas qux 
 '' complcxus es animo ad ejus gloriam, reipublicx emolumentum, xternitatem nominis tui, 
 " fubfiJiumque 
 
 " Magnificentia: tu3c deditilTimorum 
 
 " Procancellariij Reliq. Scnat- Acad." 
 
 SER.ENISS1ME DOMINE NOSTER JACOBE INVICTISSIME, 
 
 " EcQUiD inter tantas mundi trepidaticncs nobis et mufis vacas ? Oh ! prudentiam incom- 
 " parabilem, qu?e eodcm vultu et moderatur niundum, et nos refpicit. Circumfpice, fi placet, 
 " terrarum Reges, mutus ell mundus univerfus; veflra folum dextra (quamvis a fcriptione 
 " terreftribufque iftis fublimitate folii aflerta) vita et aclione orbem vegetat. 
 
 " Anguftior erat Scotia quam ut pennas nido plene explicare pofles : Quid Tu inde ? 
 " Britannicas infulas omnes occupafti. Hoc etiam imperium tenuius eft quam pro aiiiplitu- 
 " dine virtutum veftrarum : Nunc itaque Liber hie vefter diktat pomjeria, fummovct 
 " oceanum ambientem : Adeo ut qui non fubjiciuntur ditioni, eruditioni vciirx obtemperent. 
 " Per hunc imperas orbi univerfo, viclorixque gloriam abfque crudelitate effufi fanguiuis 
 " delibas. Hsec veftra fpolia, actofque ex orbe triumphos communicas cum Alma Matre; 
 " utrumque fplendorem cum beneficio noftro conjungis. Sane gertabaris antea in cordibus 
 " noihis; fed Tu vis etiam manibus teri, femotaque Majeftate, chavta confpiciendum Tc 
 " prxbes, quo familiarius inter nos verferis. O mirificam clementiam ! jiEdiiicarunt olim 
 '' nebis iScreniflimi Reges collegia, eaque fundarunt amplifllmis prrediis, immunitatibus : 
 "Etiam libros dederunf, fed non fuos; aut fi fuos, quia dederunt; non a fe compofitos, 
 <' fcriptos, editofque : Quum tamen Tu invaferis eorum gloriam, confervaiido nobis qure iili 
 " dederunt, atque etiam augendo; vellrii interim hac fcribendi laude intafti manente atque 
 " illibata. Cujus favoris magnitudo ita involvit nos, ut etiam rependendi vias omnes pr<xclu- 
 '' dat. QuK enim alia fpcs reliqua erat, quam ut pro infinitis veftris in nos beneficiis, 
 '* Majeftatem veftram reternitati in fcriptis noftris certiffime traderemus? Nunc verolpfe 
 " fcribendo irrupifti in compenfationes noftras, et abflulifti. Adeone es prredoomnis glori^e, 
 " ut ne gratitudinis laudem nobis reliqueris ? Quid agi/nus ? Hoc faltem folatio eft. Nos 
 " nunc confperfi atramento Regis, nihil non fublime et cxcelfum cogitabimus, perrumpemus 
 
 •' controverlias
 
 APPENDIX— No. I. 
 
 397 
 
 " controverfias omnes, fuperabimus quofcunque. Jam darl nobis vellemus Jefuitam aliquem, 
 " ut ex afFridlu Ltbri Veftri, hominem illico contundamus. Quare compleclimur, fovcmus, 
 •' exofculamur hunc Fcetum Veftrum, hunc alterum Carolum, hunc fafciculuni pru- 
 •' clentix, pofitum extra mortalitatis aleam, et quo magis Tuum agnofcas, in ipfo partu* 
 " Librorum Regem creatum. Diruuntur seJificia, corrumpuntur ftatux ; base imago 
 " atquc charafter tempore melior, injurias feculi, fcriptaque hdc ilUc pereuntia, fccurius 
 " prjcterit. Si enim in Regno Veftro Hibernico lignum nafcitur permanens contra 
 " omnia venena validum ; quanto magii virtutcs iftx in Dominum Agri transferendx funt, 
 " ut (ic Scripta Veftra omni dente turn edacis temporis, turn venenatorum Hsereticorum, 
 " infita vi fua liberentur. Quod fupereft, precaraur S. S. Trinitatem, ut Veftrx Coronx 
 " civili et literariae, tertiam cceleftem fero adjungat. 
 
 " Humilllmi Servi 
 " Data: freq. Senatu, " Subditique Veftri, 
 
 " XIIF. Cal. Jun. A. D. '« Procancellarius, 
 
 " MDCXX. « Reliquufque Scnatus 
 
 " Cantabrigicnfij, 
 " Peregrinis Academiam noftram invifentibus. 
 
 *' Quid Vaticanam, Bodleiumque objicis, Hofpes ? 
 " Uixjcus eft nobis Bibliotheca Liber."
 
 APPE NDIX.—No. 11. 
 
 ANDREW MELVIN, or rather MELVILLE', 
 
 T)ORN on the firfl: day of Auguft, 1541;, was the youngeft of nine fons of Richard Mel- 
 -*-' ville, of Baldowie, in North Britain : Thefe fons were all alive, when their father fell in 
 the vanguard of the batrle of Pinkie, on the tenth of September, 1547- Andrew was " a 
 " ficklie tender boy, andtook pleafure in notliing fa meikie as. his book." Having been in- 
 ftru£led in the Greek language by Petrus Marfiliers, a Frenchman and teacher of tlie Greek gr.im- 
 niar, and by " that notable inflrument in the kirk, John Erfkine, of Don, of moft honourable 
 "and happy memory, he profited fa, that /entering thereafter in the courfe of philofophie 
 " within the univerfitie of St. Andrew's, all that was teached of ArillotJe he learned, and 
 " ftudied it out of the Greek text, whilk his maflers undcrftood not." He p.ift his courfe 
 in the new college, " tenderly beloved be Mr. John .Douglas, provofl; of tliat college, and 
 „ reftor of the univerfitie, who would often take him between his legs at the fire in winter, 
 " and warm his hands and cheeks, and blefling liim, fay, * My fillie fatherlcfs and mothcrlefs 
 " ' child, it's ill to ivit luhat God may make of thee yet.' Sa ending his courfe of philofophie he 
 " left the univerfitie of St. Andrew's with the commendation of the bed philofophcr, poet, 
 " and Grecian of any young mailer of the land, and with all poffible diligence made his 
 " preparation, and pafled over to France." He refided two years in the univerfity of Paris, 
 hearing the liglits of the moft Ihining age, and particularly P^ter Ramus, in philofophy and 
 eloquence. He became fo expert in Greek, that he declaimed and taught lefibns, " uttering 
 " never a word but Greek with fie readinefs and plenty, as was marvellous to the hearers." 
 From Paris he went to Poi<n;iers, where he regented in the college of St. Marcian three years, 
 hearing the beft lawyers, yet always makmg theology his principal ftudy, to which he was 
 dedicated from his earlieft youth. 
 
 From Poidliers he went to Geneva, carrying nothing with him but a little Hebrew bible at 
 his belt. He travelled on foot, as he had done before, from Dieppe to Paris, and thence to 
 Poiftiers; for he was fmall and light of body, but full of fpirits, vigorous, and courageous. 
 Theodore- Beza, to whom he was ftrongly recommended by letters, foon difcovered him to 
 be a fcholar, and appointed him Profeflbr of Humanity in the college of Geneva. Mr. Mel- 
 ville continued at this place five years, attending the daily lefibns and preachings of Beza. 
 He improved the opportunity of perfedling himfelf in Hebrew literature. He often difputcd 
 
 with 
 
 a Many particulars arc infeited in this memoir, on the authority of Mr. James Mtlville's Diary in MS. in the 
 Ad vocatc's Library at EJinbujgli.
 
 APPENDIX.— No. II. 399 
 
 with the Greek profeflbr, a native of Greece, on the right pronunciation of the Greet lan- 
 guage N The profeflbr pronounced it after the common form, obferving the accents, " the 
 " whilli Mr. Andro controlled be precepts and reafon, till the Greek would grow angry, and 
 " cry out, ' Vos Scofi, vos barbari docebitis nos Gracos pronuntintioiiem lingua mjirafcilicet .'" 
 
 When he was invited to return home, Beza, in a letter addrefled to the general kirk of 
 Scotland, declared, that, as the greateft token of affedtion the members of the kirk of Ge- 
 neva could fhew to that of Scotland, they had fuffered themfelves to be fpoiled of Mr. Andrew 
 Melville. 
 
 In 1574, he was elected the principal mafler of the univerfity of Glafgow, where he taught 
 the bell: Greek and Latin authors, natural philofophy, chronology, chirography', befidcs his 
 ordinary profeffion, the holy tongue and theology. 
 
 In the fame year he was direfted, at the General Aflembly, to deliver his opinion upon 
 the jurisdi(Sl;ion and policy of the kirk, before the next Aflembly, along with others appointed 
 for that purpofe. During a period of five or fix years this matter coft him great pains " in 
 " mind, body, and gearj" while it expofed him to the refentment of the regent and the epif- 
 copal party, which he bore with fingular patience, until he fully accompliftied his plan for 
 the eftabliftiment of prefby teries. 
 
 In 1578, in the aflembly held in Magdalen Chapel, Edinburgh, in the month of April, he 
 was chofen Moderator. Ic was tliere concluded, that the bifliops fliould be called by their 
 own names, and that lordly authority fliould be baniflied from the kirk " whilk has but an 
 "Lord, Chriftjefus." 
 
 Being accufed of " overfea dreams" and Geneva difcipline, and of difturbing the peace of 
 the kirk, by the regent, who faid, " There never will be quictnefs or peace in the country, 
 " till half ar dozen of you be hanged." " Tufli ! Sir," fays Mr. Andrew, '■'■ purpuratis tiils 
 " if a mini tare : inihi idem ejl humiite, an fublimi putrefcam. Domini eft terra : patria ef iibicun- 
 " que ef bona. I have been ready to give my life, where it was not half fa well wared, at the 
 " pleafure of my God. I lived out o' your country ten years, as well as in it : let God be 
 " glorified; it will not lie in your power to hang or exile his truth.'.' 
 
 In 1580, he was accompanied by feveral of his friends to Lundey, and with the Laird 
 thereof to St. Andrew's, where he was entered Principal of the college, and was kindly wel- 
 comed by his friend Mr. Patrick Adamfon, the bifliop, for whom he often officiated in the 
 
 kirk. 
 
 I" Sir Thomas Smith ami his friend Mr. Cheke, intioduced at Cambridge the new mode of pronouncing the 
 Greek language. While the former was once at Paris, he made a vilit to a learned Greek, a courteous and affa- 
 ble man. His chief bufmefs was to be fatisfied from him what Ibunds the Grecians themfelves did ufc in Greece. 
 And when Smith began to Ipcak of the new way, the Greek grew angry, and called Erafmus Badii:, that he, 
 being a Dutchman, had brought into Greece, whence he was fprung, fuch -vaft founds, as he exprelTed liimfelf, 
 and abfonous diphthongs. (Strype's Life of Sir John Smith, p. 23.) 
 
 = In this art he excelled. He has addrefled a Latin epigram to Mrs. Efther Inglis, who was noted for her 
 beautiful hand-writing, and who furpafltd Afcham, Davies, and olhers eminent for tliat cxu-aordinary t.\lent,
 
 400 
 
 APPENDIX.— No. II. 
 
 kirk. " His zeal for introducing a new mode of academical education met with much oppofi-. 
 tion, all which he vanquiflied; fo that the regents in iihilofopliy came over to his opinions, 
 and acknowledged their wonderful tranfportation from darknefs to light. He fudained every 
 attack upon him with uiulaunted fortitude -, and the punifliments, with which he was me- 
 naced, not unfrcquently fell upon his adverfaries. 
 
 In 1581, he attended tl;e General Aflembly at Glafgow, where the book of policy, after a 
 labour of many years, was ratified, and ordered to be recorded. 
 
 In 1583, he appeared before the king, at Edinburgh, to anfwer an accufatlon of uttering 
 treafonable and ieditious fpeeches from the pulpit. He was accompanied on this occafion, 
 v.ith fome of his fcholars and friends. As no criminal charge was brought againft him, he 
 declined the judicature of the king and council. He plainly told them, that they had no 
 power to control the ambaffadors and meffengers of a king and council greater than they were. 
 " And that," fays he, " you may fee your weaknefs, overfight, and rafluiefs, in taking upon 
 '' you that which ye neither ought nor can do," (loofing a little Hebrew bible from his belt, 
 and throwing it down on the board) " there is my inllrudtions and warrant : let's fee whilk 
 " of you can judge thereon, or controlle me therein, that I have paft my injunftlons." The 
 chancellor, opening the book, finds it to be Hebrew, and puts it into the king's right hand, 
 faying, " Sir, he fcorns your Majefly and council." " Nay," fays Mr. Andrew, " I fcorn 
 "not, but with all earneflnefs, zeal, and gravity, I ftand for the caufe of Jefus Chrifl, and 
 " the kirk." He was at length ordered to be put in ward in the CalUe of Edinburgh, during 
 the king's will. And when it was known that the place of his confinement was changed to 
 IMacknefs, he followed the advice of his friends, and fled to Berwick, and afterwards took re- 
 fuge in England. 
 
 Upon this occafion, " the pulpits of Scotland," as Dr. Robertfon informs us, " refounded 
 " with complaints, that the king had extinguiflied the light of learning in the kingdom, and 
 " deprived tlie church of the ableft and mod faithful guardian of its liberties and difci- 
 " pline. 
 
 In 1587, -we find him refident in the univerfity of St. Andrew's; for in that year the cele- 
 brated Sieur du Bartas came into Scotland to attend his leftures. 
 
 In 1 591, Mr. Cartwright and Mr. Travers, the great defenders of Puritanlfm in England, 
 were invited to be Divinity Profeflbrs in his univerfity. It muft be owned, that in the ele- 
 gant letter addrcfled to them, on this occafion, which was probably penned by Mr. Melville 
 himfelf, there is an acrimony of language perfectly inexcufable''. His inveterate oppofition 
 to the diCcipline of the church of England has betrayed the writer into the ufe of the moft op- 
 probrious terms. 
 
 In Ij99, the king publiflied the " Doron Bafilicon," addrelTed to his fon. Prince Henry. 
 Sir James Semple, one of his Majefty's fervants, having tranfcribed that treatife, fiiewed it to 
 Andrew Melville, his intimate friend, who reading it, was offended with fome paflages that 
 
 regarded 
 
 ^ This letter is infcrtcd in " F;i11«"e Ch^Hiftory," B. ix. Scfl. vii. p. 51.
 
 APPENDIX.— No. li. 40 ! 
 
 rigarded the miniftry and dlfcipllne of the kirk. Melville took copies of the book, and dif- 
 perfed them among the mlnillers, fome of whom preferred a libel to the Synod of St. An- 
 drew's, wherein the exceptionable paffages being fet down, it was afked, " IVkat cen/urejhiu/ii 
 '' be inflicled on him, that had given fuch injlruciions to the Prince^ and if he could be thought tuell- 
 " affecled to religion, that had delivered Juch precepts of government ?" 
 
 To vindicate liimfelf, on this occafion, the King determined to publifti tlie work, " which 
 " being come abroad, and carried to England, it cannot be faid how well the fame was ac- 
 " cepted, and what an admiration it raifed in all men's hearts of him, and of his piety and 
 " wifdom." 
 
 I omit feveral circumflances of his life, which are mentioned in " Calderwood's Hlflory of 
 Scotland." Mr. Melville was prcfent at a conference at Hampton Court, in 1606. As he 
 was efteemed one of the mod learned men of his time, the King principally dreaded his influ- 
 ence, in refifting his favourite plan for the ellabliihment of Epifcopacy. He had been con- 
 fined fome years before, by a royal warrant, within his own houfe, at St. Andrews ; and in 
 j6o6 was invited to the Englifli court, along with fome other minifters, under the pretence of 
 holding an amicable conference. It has been conjectured, that the only motive for this invi- 
 tation was to relieve the Scotch bifliops from the oppofition, which they had reafon to expecl 
 from Melville's perfonal zeal and fplendid abilities. 
 
 The behaviour of Mr. Melville during the conference afforded no pretext for detaining him 
 in England'. Another expedient fucceeded. Melville and his companions were invited to 
 attend the royal chapel on the Lord's day, when the King and Queen received the facrament, 
 according to the ufage of the Church of England. It was natural to fuppofe that a view of 
 thofe rites and ceremonies, againfl which Andrew Melville had always warmly contended, 
 would have produced a confiderable effect upon his temper. But he allowed nothing to efcapc 
 him in public which could give the leaft offence. On his return from his lodgings, he amufed 
 himfelf with writing fome Latin verfes on the decorations of the altar '. They were fhewn to 
 
 3 K James 
 
 ' j.imes appointed four divines of the Churc'ii of England to attend during this confcrerce ; and to preach, ty 
 turns, on the fubjcfls propofed to them. Dr. William Barlow, Bifhop of Lincoln, endeavoured, from A^s xx. 
 ■aS, to prove out of the Scripture and Fathers the fupremacy of bifliops above prefbyters, and to (hew the inconve- 
 niences of parity in the church. Dr. Buckridge, then Prefident of St. John's College, Oxford, and afterward Bi- 
 fliop of Rochefter, took for his text the precept of the apoftle, " Let every foul be fubjeft to the higher powers," 
 Rom. xiii. 11.; " where," fays Spotfsvood, " falling to fpeak of the King's fupremacy, in caufes ecclefiaftical, he 
 " did handle that point both foun.'ly and learnedly, to the fatislaition of all the hearers : only it grieved tl-.e Scots 
 " minifters to hear the Pope and Preibyterie fo often equalled' in their oppofuion to fovereign princes." Dr. An- 
 diews, Bifliop of Chichelter, followed, who, from the flrft verRs oi Nunbert x. confirmed the power of kincs in 
 convocating fynods and councils. The fourth was Dr. Kmg, then Dean of Chrift-church, and afterward Bilhop 
 of London, who, difcourfing on the i ith verfe of the eigliih chapter of Canliclet, did prove lay-elders to have no 
 place, nor ofEce in the Church. See " Spotl'wocd's Hiftory," iSic. B. VII. 
 
 f Fuller in his " Church Hiilory of Britain," B. X. Seft. iv. 41, has preferved a copy of thefe vcifcs, which 
 ■ Archbiniop Spotfwood calls " fcornful and bitter ;" 
 
 «' Quoc"
 
 40 2 APPENDIX.— No. II. 
 
 James Melville, his uncle, and perhaps to fome other minlllers. The King obtained a copy, 
 and Mr. Andrew Melville was brought before the King's council, along with Mr. James Mel- 
 ville, and Mr. Wallace, another of the minifters, to anfwer for the vcrfes, which the council 
 affirmed to be " a Pafquill, tending to the diflionour of God, and feandal of the Church of 
 " England." He noknowledged himfelf to be the author ; though as they had never been 
 given out of his hand, he could not difcover how they came into the poflcfTion of the council. 
 His two companions were difmifled, while he was taken into cuftody, and delivered over to 
 the Dean of St. Paul's, in whofe houfe he remained as a prifoner, till the 9th of March 1607?, 
 when he was ordered to be fent to the Bifhop of Winchefter's. This order however was not 
 executed, and he was permitted to live in his own lodgings. On the 6th of April following 
 he appeared again before the council, and after a long examination was fent by water to the 
 Tower, where he was confined upwards of four years. When the other minifters were al- 
 lowed to return to their own country, no perfuafion whatever could prevail upon the King to 
 releafe Andrew Melville. His office of Principal, or Provoft, of the New College of St. An- 
 drew's, was declared vacant by Gladftones, Archbi(hop of St. Andrew's, who convened the 
 univcrfity, and told them that it was his Majefty's pleafure, " that Mr. Robert Lourie fhould 
 " be placed Provoil in that College, Mr. Andrew Melville being, Jhr treafonable words, put in 
 " the Tower of London." The univerfity in vain protefted againft this proceeding. 
 
 He had been two years in the Tower, when Bidiop Cbupar and Archbifhop Spotfwood 
 were fent to pcrfuade him to make an acknowledgment to the King, which they gave l^im 
 rcafon to hone would procure his liberty. He delivered to them a written apology in Latin, 
 
 " Quod duo ftent libii claufi Anglis rigia !n AR.A, 
 
 " Lumina caeca duo, pollubra ficca duo : 
 «' An claufutn cscumque De! tenet Anglia culium 
 
 " Luniine caeca fuo, forde fepulta fua ? 
 " Romano et rltu, dum regalem inllruit ARAM, 
 
 " I'urpuream pinglt luxuricfa lupam ? 
 
 « " Wiiereas or.e Aiuhew Melville, a minifttr of Scotland, hath by his Majefty's commandment been called 
 " before us, at the council-board, where he hath confcfled himfelf to be the author of fome certain verfes,or rather 
 " a Pafquill, tending to the diflionour of God, and feandal of the Church of England, for which his great offence 
 " he has been cenfured to be retrained of his liberty, until fuch further proceeding (liall be taken with him, as 
 " niall feem good unto us, in fuch a cafe as this is, and by impunity miy prove to be.— You fliall hereby un- 
 " derlhnd, that his Majefty hath made choice of you for the prefent to receive him in your cuftody. Wherefore, 
 " in his Majefty's r.ame and authority, we requiie you forthwith to receive him accordingly to remain at your 
 " houfe at Paul's, not fuffering any to have accefs to him, until his Majefty's further pleafure herein to you be 
 
 " fio-nified. It is alfo thought convenient, that yourfelf do at all convenient times confer with him on fuch 
 
 " points as you ftiall find him diifering from the Church eltablidied, for his better fatisfaflion and conformity, 
 " wlierein by your good endeavours you may difcrve well of his Majefty, and us," &c. &;c. 
 
 The above warrant, dated Nov. 30, 1606, is addrefted to the Dean of St. Paul's, Dr. John Omhal, afterv.arJ 
 Blfliop of Litchfield an 1 Coventry.
 
 APPENDIX.— No. II. 
 
 403 
 
 in which he affirmed, that the verfcs were taken from him without his knowledge, and that 
 they were afterward mutilated. He afkcd pardon for any cxpreffions that might have efcaped 
 him during his examination, which could be thought difrefpedful to his Majefty, to the 
 council, or to the ftate of England, and in general made as ample an acknowledgment as 
 could be made without renouncing the principles which he held. The two prelates appeared 
 to be fatisfied therewith, while the King remained inexorable. He continued two years more 
 in the Tower, and employed himfelf in writing feveral tracts, chiefly on the controverfies of 
 the times, and many Latin Poems, which have been fince printed in the " Delicise Poetarum 
 Scotorum." Amfl. 2 vol. i2mo, 1637. 
 
 In (hort, after much perfecution, when it was well known that he could never obtain leave 
 to return into Scotland, the Duke of Bouillon, who was at the head of the Proteftants in 
 France, and who dill poflefTed the principality of Sedan, obtained the King's pcrmiiTion for him 
 to go to Sedan, and to fettle there, as Profeflbr of Divinity. He left England at the end of 
 the year 161 1, or at the beginning of 1612. He taught divinity at Sedan, for nine years, with 
 very lingular reputation ; and acquired much refpecl and celebrity among the foreign divines. 
 He died there in 1621. 
 
 It is not within my province to arraign the conduft of James for his great feverity thus 
 exercifed againft Andrew Melville. It mud, however, be obferved, that the ufage of the 
 Kirk of Scotland to their King was fo cruel and tyrannical, that it was not very eafy for him, 
 when once emancipated from their power, to forget that ufage. 
 
 The leapilng and abilities of Mr. Melville were equalled only by the purity of his manners, 
 and the fan£lity of his life. His temper was warm and violent ; his carriage and zeal per- 
 fc(SlIy fuitcd to the times in which he lived. The difcipline of the Church of Scotland was 
 in a great mcafure framed "by him ; and to him the Scots are very confiderably indebted for 
 , their preftnt ecclefiaftical conftitution. Archbifliop Spotfwood is unfriendly to his memory. 
 Bifhop Burnet obfer\'es, that though Spotfwood relates with truth the oppofition, and even the 
 rude treatment which the King received from aflemblies, and from particular perfons, he ge- 
 nerally fupprefles the provocations which were given, and the circumftanc'es which would 
 have explained, and, perhaps, in fome degree, have extenuated their condudl. " He was," 
 fays Dr. Robertfon (Hijl. of Scotland, B. VI. ), " a man dillinguiflied by his uncommon erudi- 
 " tion, by the feverity of his manners, and the intrepidity of his mind. But, bred up in the 
 " retirement of a college, he was unacquainted with the arts of life, and being more attentive 
 " to the ends which he purfucd, than to the means which he employed for promoting them, 
 " he often defeated laudable defigns by the impetuofity and imprudence with which he car- 
 
 " ried them on." He fecms to have been treated by his adverfaries with much afperity. 
 
 Others befides Mr. George Herbert exercifed their talents againii him. Anthony Wood 
 names Mr. Thomas Atkinfon, B. D. of St. John's College, Cambridge, as having written 
 " Andrei Mclvini Anti-Tami-Cami-Catcgoria," and " Mclvinus dcliranb in lambis." Indeed, 
 our Englifh writers feldom fpeak of him favourably. The following lines, allufive to his 
 name, are faid to have been written by Barlow, Bifhop of Lincoln : 
 
 3 K 2 Cor
 
 404 APPENDIX.— No. If. 
 
 Cor tibi felle nigrum eft, et aceto lingua redundat ; 
 Ex M£LLE et VINO quam male nomen habes! 
 
 And fhc learned James Duport has not difdained to make the fame allufion: 
 
 In Andfeam Mclvlnum, Scotum, de fui Anti-Tarni- 
 Cami-Calegoiiri, Sapphico verfu confcripla. 
 Quam Smeflymnuo es affinis, vox fefquipedalis, 
 
 O Anti-Tami-Cami-Categoria. 
 Utraque fic tibi, Scote, Angloriim Academia fordet f 
 
 Nee CAMUS purfi aut tamus abundat aqua? 
 Utraque fchifmatis hoftis atrox, et malkus ingens, 
 
 Cui tu patronum te clypeumque geris. 
 Qua nee fub fgle eft ecclefia clarior uUa, 
 
 Caftior in terris Sponfa nee ulla Dei, 
 Hanc tu, Scote dicax, fatyra profcindis amara, 
 
 Acribus et Iannis, fconimatibufque petis ? 
 Atpius HERBERTUS tua plumbea tela retorfit. 
 
 Nil addo : tantum hie noftra coronis erit. 
 Lirae funt aplnaeque, lyra quas fundis, inanes : 
 
 Lafcivutn et prodit Sapphica mufa caput. 
 Qui non MEL fed fel, non VINUM das, fed aCETUM, 
 Qnam male tam belli nominis omen habes ! 
 
 Let it not, however, be inferred from thefe verfes, tiat Andrew Melville always fought to 
 dip his pen in gall ; that he was principally delighted with the feverity of fatire and invedlive. 
 He occafionally diverted his mufe to the fubjeft of juft panegyric. In many of his epigrams 
 he has celebrated the literary attainments of his contemporaries. He has endeared his name 
 to pofterity by his encomium on the profound learning of the two Scaligers, and the claflic 
 elegance of Buchanan, his preceptor, and the parent of the Mufes*". His Latin paraphrafe of 
 the Song of Mofes is truly excellent. It is infcribed to James VI. whom he ftyles a boy: 
 
 Sande 
 
 1> Georje Buchanan is celebrated by Julius Caefar Scaliger, by Jofeph Scaliger, by Turnebus, by Beza, and 
 other foreigners, as a prodigy of learning : — " Buchaiiaiium omnibus antepono — Haddoimm Jiemini poflpono,^' were 
 the expreflions of Queen Elizabeth. His works are fraught with all the beauty and elegance of claftic antiquity. 
 He finlflied the greateft part of his incomparable verfion of the Pfalms when in a itate of confinement, at a mona- 
 ftery in Prntugal, under the care of certain monks, who were direfted to inftruft him in the principles of religion, 
 and whom he charafterifes as men of great humanity, and goodnefs ; but totally ignorant of divinity — Omnis reli- 
 gionii ignari. Prefixed to his Poems is a (lurt " Hiftory of his Life," written by himfelf . The tollowing anecdote 
 is extrafted from the Diary of Mr. James Melville : 
 
 «' Sept. I 582. — During the vacance my uncle, Mr, Andrew, Principal of the New College. Mr. Thomas Bu. 
 " chanan, Provolt of Kilkaldie, and I, hearing that Maifter George Buchanan was weakly, and his Hillory in 
 
 « tilt
 
 APPEjqDIX— No. II. 405 
 
 Sanfle Puer, cape lacra mcx prlmordia Mufi, 
 
 Non fecus ac gi ati prima elementa animi ; 
 Parva quidem tamo fateor munufcula regi ; 
 
 Pai-va, fed immcnfi munere magna Dei. 
 
 Of the exordium, and, indeed, of the whole poem, it may be pronounced, that they perfeftly 
 correfpond to the charadter which Ifaac Walton gives of his poetic genius : 
 
 Vos seterni ignes, et confcia lumina mundi, 
 Palcntafque polo flammae', vofqne humida regna, 
 Aeriique fuper tia(?tus, campique jacciites, 
 Et ccelum et tellus (ego vos nunc alloquar), aures 
 Arrigite, et celfas dicenti advertite mentes. 
 
 The following lines are exquifitely beautiful :— See Deut. xxxii. 10, 11. 
 
 -ceil pupula, coinu 
 
 Quam vitreo murus cingit cliryftiUinus; et quam, 
 Non fecus ac vallo, tcneri munimen ocelli 
 Sepfit utiinque pilis, celsaqiie crepidine furgunt 
 Hinc atque hinc geminae, duo propugnacula, moles, 
 Ut bene tula cavos condantur lumina in orbes''. 
 
 Ac veluti alituum princeps, fulrufque Tonantis 
 AiTniger implumts ct adhuc fine robore nidos 
 Sollicita refovct curi, pinguifque ferinse 
 Indulget partus : niox ut cum viribiis als 
 Vefticipcs cieveie, vocat fi blandior aura, 
 Expansa invitat pluma, dorfoque mtrantes 
 Excipit attoUitqiie humeris, plaufuque fecundo 
 Fertur in arva, timens oneri natat impete prelTo, 
 Reraiglum lentans alai-um, incurvaque pinnis 
 
 Vela 
 
 " the prefs, parted over to Edenbrugh anes eirand to vifit liim, and to fee the wark. Whan vee cam to his chalm- 
 " ber v.e found lilm fitting in his chairc, teaching his young man, thai ftived him in his chalniber, to fpcU AB, 
 " EB, IB, &c. — After laUitation, Mr. AnJievT fays, ' I fee. Sir, you arc not idle.' ' Better this (quoth hec) 
 «' ' than ftealing fheipe, or fitting idle, whilk is als ill.' " 
 
 ' " And ye five other wami'ringfrts that move 
 " In myrtle dance, not without fong MiiT. Par. Lost, B. V. 177. 
 
 '' This dcfcription of the eye fccms to be taken from " Cicero de Natura Deorum." L. II. 57. 
 
 " Munits funt palpebrae tanquam vallo pilorum."
 
 4o6 
 
 APPENDIX.— No. II. . 
 
 Vela Icgens, humiles tranat fub nublbus oras. 
 Hinc fcnfim f .pera alu petit ; jam jamque fub aftra 
 Eiigitur curllifque Icves citus uiget in auras. 
 Omnia pervolitans late loca ct agmine foetus 
 Fcrtque refertque fuos vario, morcmque volandi 
 Addocct ! illi autem, longa atfuetud^.ie doai, 
 Paulatim incipiunt pennis fc credarecffilo 
 Impavidi : tantum a teneris valet adderc curam. 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 2'i/\, Hat 17, — .Gatala, read Qzbzlz. 
 
 3^5, 14, — Jacobale, rfrt^ Jacobulc. 
 
 , 287, 34, — productions, r^aJ predicTlions, 
 
 ■ 39 1 J 28, — letters, read verfes. 
 
 __ — ^05, 8,— Palentafque, read Piil.iutefquc. 
 
 ■THE
 
 W Robert sai^bekson.
 
 THE LIFE 
 
 OF 
 
 DR. ROBERT SANDERSON, 
 
 LATE LORD BISHOP OF LINCOLN.
 
 TO THE RIGHT REVEREHD AND KOMOURABLt 
 
 GEORGE, 
 
 LORD BISHOP OF WINCHESTER, PRELATE OF THE GARTER, 
 AND ONE OF HIS MAJESTY'S PRIVY COUNCIL. 
 
 MY LORD, 
 
 IF I fliould undertake to enumerate the many favours and 
 advantages I have had by my very long acquaintance 
 with your Lordfhip, I fhould enter upon an employment that 
 might prove as tedious as the collecting of the materials for 
 this poor monument, which I have erected, and do dedicate 
 to the memory of your beloved friend, Dr. Sanderfon: But 
 though I will not venture to do that, yet I do remember 
 with pleafure, and remonftrate with gratitude, that your 
 Lordfhip made me known to him, Mr. Chillingworth', and 
 Dr. Hammond; men whofe merits ought never to be for- 
 gotten. 
 
 3 L My 
 
 ' Mr. Ifaac Walton was honoured with the friendflilp of Mr. Chillingworth, the glory of 
 his age and nation. This memorable man, who, with Lord Falkland, was proverbially cele- 
 brated at Oxford for his clear and acute reafoning, found hinifelf fo bewildered in the mnzes 
 of controverfy, that he became a convert to Popery. From the errors of •' An Iiif.iilible 
 Church," the found argumentation of Dr. Laud, then Bifhop of London, happily reilored 
 him. Of the efFe£l; which the perufal of his immortal work, '• The Religion of Protcftant? 
 a Safe Way to Salvation," wrought upon the mind of Dr. Tillotfon, fee Birch's Life of that 
 
 prelate, p. i;. Of the death of Mr. Chillingworth, fee " Kcnnet's Hid. of England," 
 
 Vol. III. p. 144.
 
 4IO EPISTLE DEDICATORY. 
 
 My friendfllip with the firft was begun almoft forty yeais 
 paft, when I was as far from a thought, as a delire to out-live 
 him; and farther from an intention to write his Life: But 
 the wife Difpofer of all men's lives and acflions hath prolonged 
 the firft, and now permitted the laft ; which is here dedi- 
 cated to your Lordfhip (and as it ought to be) with all hu- 
 mility, and a delire that it may remain as a public teftimony 
 of my gratitude. 
 
 My Lord, 
 Your moft afFedionate old friend, 
 
 And moft humble fervant, 
 
 IZAAK WALTON, 
 
 THE
 
 THE PREFACE, 
 
 T DARE neither think, nor affure the Reader, that I have committed no 
 -■- miftakes in this relation of the Life of Dr. Sanderfon; but am furc, 
 there is none that are either wilful or very material. I coniefs, it was wor- 
 thy the employment of fome perfon of more learning and greater abilities 
 than I can pretend to; and 1 have not a little wondered that none have yet 
 been fo grateful to him and pofterity as to undertake it: For as it may be 
 noted, that our Saviour had a care, that for Mary Magdalen's kindnefs to him, 
 her name fhould never be forgotten : So I conceive the great fatisfacStion 
 many fcholars have already had, and the unborn world is like to have, by 
 his exad:, clear, and ufeful learning; and might have by a true narrative of 
 his matchlefs meeknefs, his calm fortitude, and the innocence of his whole 
 life, doth juftly challenge the like from this prefent age, that pofterity may 
 not be ignorant of them : And it is to me a wonder, that it has been already 
 fifteen years neglected. But in faying this, my meaning is not to upbraid 
 others (I am far from that) but excufe myfelf, or beg pardon for daring to 
 attempt it. 
 
 This being premifed, I defire to tell the reader, that in this relation I have 
 been fo bold, as to paraphrafe and fay, what 1 think he (whom I had the 
 happinefs to know well) would have faid upon the fame occafions ; and if 
 I have been too bold in doing fo, and cannot now beg pardon of him that 
 loved me, yet I do of my reader, from whom I delire the fame favour. 
 
 And though my age might have procured me a writ of eafe, and that 
 fecured me from all further trouble in this kind; yet I met with fuch per- 
 fuafions to undertake it, and fo many willing informers fmce, and from 
 them and others, fuch helps and encouragements to proceed, that when I 
 found myfelf faint, and weary of the burden with which I had loaden 
 myfelf, and fometime ready to lay it down; yet time and new ftrength 
 hath at laft brought it to be what it now is, and here prefcntcd to the reader, 
 and with it, this defire, that he will take notice that Dr. Sanderfon did in his 
 will or laft fickncfs advertife, that after his death nothing of his might be 
 printed; becaufe that might be faid to be his, which indeed was not; and 
 
 3 L 2 alfo
 
 412 THE PREFACE. 
 
 alfo, for that he might have changed his opinion fince he firft wrote it, as it 
 is thought he has fince he wrote his " Pax Ecclefiae." And though thefe 
 reafons ought to be regarded, yet regarded fo, as he refolves in his " Cafe 
 of Confcience concerning rafii Vows," that there may appear very good 
 fecond reafons why we may forbear to perform them. However, for his 
 faid reafons, they ought to be read as we do apocryphal fcripture; to 
 ejcplain, but not oblige us to fo firm a belief of what is here prefented as his. 
 
 And I have this to fay more; that as in my queries for writing Dr. 
 Sanderfon's Life, I met with thefe little tra£ts annexed''; fo in my former 
 queries for my information to write the Life of venerable Mr. Hooker; I 
 met with a fermon, which I alfo believe was really his, and here prefented 
 as his to the reader. It is affirmed (and I have met with reafon to believe 
 it) that there be fome artifts, that do certainly know an original picture 
 from a copy, and in what age of the world, and by whom drawn: And if 
 fo, then I hope it may be as fafely affirmed, that what is here prefented for 
 theirs, is fo like their tem.per of mind, their other writings, the times when, 
 and the occafions upon which they were writ, that all readers may fafely 
 conclude, they could be writ by none but venerable Mr. Hooker, and the 
 humble and learned Dr. Saaderfon. 
 
 And laftly, the trouble being now paft, I look back and am glad that I 
 have colledled thefe memoirs of this humble m.an, which lay fcattered, and 
 contradled them into a narrow compafs ; and, if I have, by the pleafant toil 
 of fo doing, either pleafed or profited any man, I have attained what I 
 dcfigned when I firll undertook it: But I ferioufly wifli, both for the 
 reader's and Dr. Sanderfon's fake, that pofterity had known his great 
 learning and virtue by a better pen; by fuch a pen, as could have made his 
 life as immortal as his learning and merits ought to be. 
 
 LW. 
 
 * In the firft edition of Mr. Walton's Life of Dr. Sanderfon, printed in oftavo, 1678, were 
 added the following tracts, i. " Bifliop Sanderfon's Judgment concerning Submillion to 
 Ufurpers. 2. " Pax Ecclefis." 3. " Biftiop Sanderfon's Judgment in one view for the 
 Settlement of the Church." 4. " Reafons of the Prcfent Judgment of the Univerfity of 
 Oxford, concerning the Solemn League and Covenants," &c. And alfo a Sermon of Richard 
 Hooker; upon Prayer, from Matt. vii. 7. found in the ftudy of Bifliop Andrews. 
 
 A
 
 THE LIFE OF DR. ROBERT SANDERSON. 
 
 TTVR. ROBERT SANDERSON, the late learned Bifhop of Lincoln, 
 A-' whole Life I intend to write with all truth, and equal plainnefs, was 
 born the 19th day of September, in the year of our redemption 1587 : The 
 place of his birth was Rotherham in the county of York%' a town of good 
 note, and the more, for that Thomas Rotherham", fometime Archbifhop of 
 
 that 
 
 "= It appeared from the Regifter of the Parifli of Sheffield in Yorkfhire, that he was baptized 
 in the church of Sheffield, Sept. 20, 1587. (Dr. Brown Willis) 
 
 -1 Thomas Scot, Fellow of King's College in Cambridge, was afterward Mafter of Pembroke 
 Hall, and in 1483 and 1484, Chancellor of die Univerfity. He obtained great ecdefiallical 
 preferment, being fucceffively Provoft of Beverley, Biffiop of Rochefter and of Lincoln, and 
 laftly Archbifliop of York. Nor was he lefs adorned with civil honours, having been ap- 
 pointed, firft, Keeper of the Privy Seal, and then Lord Chancellor of England. 
 
 During the reign of Edward IV. were founded the collegiate churches of Middleham and- 
 Rotherham, in the county of York. The -latter originally confiftcd of one mafter, three fellows 
 and fix fcholars, and was founded and moft liberally endowed by Thomas Archbifhop of 
 York, from 1480 to 1501. He has affigned the reafon that induced-him to adopt that num- 
 ber, " ut ubi ofFendi Deum in decern prxceptis fuis, ifti decern orarent pro me." To this col- 
 lege were annexed three fchools for inftruding boys in writing, grammar, and m ufic. " Thcfe 
 " fchools," fays Mr. Camden, " are now fupprelTed by the .wicked avarice of the age." This Pre- 
 late changed his family name of Scot, for that of Rotherham, the fuppofcd place of his birth. It 
 was ufual for the clergy to add the names of the places of their nativity to their Chriftian 
 names, and fuch an addition affords the bed evidence of the places where they were born. 
 And it is remarked, that this Thomas Scot is the laft clergyman who is known to have ob- 
 ferved this cuftom. He afterward augmented the college of Rotherham with five priefts. His 
 munificence is amply difplayed both at Oxford and Cambridge. In the latter univerfity he 
 built the library, and a confidernble part of the fchools : and while he was Bifhop of Lincoln, 
 he completed the bmldings of Lincoln College in Oxford, and furnifhed the fociety with a 
 body of ftatutes, fubfcribed with his own hand, Feb. 1 1, 1479. ^^ died of the plague, at 
 his palace of Cawood, in J501.
 
 414 THE LIFE OF 
 
 that fee, was born in it : a man whofe great wifdom, and bour/^y, and fanltity 
 of life gave a denomination to it, or hath made it the more memorable, as 
 indeed it ought alfo to be, for being the birth-place of f ui Robert Sander- 
 fon. And the reader will be of my behef, if this humble relation ; l hii life 
 can hold any proportion with his great fanftity, his uicful learning, and his 
 many other extraordinary endowmentb. 
 
 He was the fccond and youngeft fon of Robert Sanderfon, of Gilthwake- 
 hall% in the faid parifh and county, Efq. by Elizabtth, one of the daughters 
 of Richard Carr, of Butterthwaite-hall, in the parifh of Eccleslield, in the 
 faid county of York, gentleman. 
 
 This Robert Sanderfon the father was defcended from a numerous, an- 
 cient, and honourable family of his own name: for the fearch of which 
 truth I refer my reader that inclines to it, to Dr. Thoriton's " Hiftory of 
 the Antiquities of Nottinghamfliire'^,'' and other records; not thinking it 
 neceffary here to engage him into a fearch for bare titles, which are noted 
 to have in them nothing of reality : for titles not acquired, but derived only, 
 do but fhew us who of our anceftors have, and how they have achieved 
 that honour v>?hich their defcendants claim, and may not be w^orthy to en- 
 joy. For if thofe titles defcend to perfons that degenerate into vice, and 
 break off the continued line of learning, or valour, or that virtue that ac- 
 quired them, they deftroy the very foundation upon which that honour 
 was built ; and all the rubbiih of their degeneroufnefs ought to fall heavy 
 on fuch difhonourable heads; ought to fall fo heavy, as to degrade them of 
 their titles, and blaft their memories with reproach and fhame. 
 
 But this Robert Sanderfon lived worthy of his name and family; of which 
 one teftimony may be, that Gilbert, called the great and glorious Earl of 
 Shrewfbury, thought him not unworthy to be joined with him as a god- 
 father to Gilbert Sheldon, the late Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury ; to 
 
 ' whofe 
 
 ' Gili Thwalt, or Gill-fort, near Rotherham, is named in " Short's Hiftory of Mineral Wa- 
 ters," P. I. p. 269, as bavipj7 a fpring famous for reftoring the ufe of their limbs to fuch as 
 have loft it by working in- metals. 
 
 ^ In this Hiftoiyj p. 474, a pedigree of the family of Sanderfon is inferted.
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 415 
 
 whofe merits and memory pollerity (the clergy efpecially) ought to pay a 
 reverenced 
 
 But I return to my intended relation of Robert the ion, who (like Jofia 
 that good King) began in his youth to make the laws of God, and obe- 
 dience to his parents, the rules of his life ; feeming even then to dedicate 
 himfelf and all his ftudies to piety and virtue. 
 
 And as he was inclined to this by that native goodnefs, with which the 
 wife Difpofer of all hearts had endowed his : fo this calm, this quiet, and 
 happy temper of mind (his being mild and averfe to oppofitioas) made the 
 whole courfe of his life eafy and grateful both to himfelf and others ; and' 
 this bleffed temper was maintained and improved by his prudent father's 
 good example, as alfo by his frequent converfing with him, and fcattering 
 fliort and virtuous apothegms with little pleafant ftories", and making ufc- 
 
 ful 
 
 f Dr. Sheldon, Archbifhop of York, was born July 19, 1598. His father, Roger Sheldon, 
 though of no obfcure parentage, was a menial fervant to Gilbert Earl of Shrewfbury, who died 
 May i8, 1616, and was buried at Sheffield, July 17, in the fame year. That nobleman was 
 fei2ed of many valuable pofleffions at or near Sheffield ; and among others of the manor and 
 Re£lory of Rotherham. See in " Collins's Peerage," p. 19, 20, an enumeration of the titles 
 which he aflumed when he went ambaflador to France, in the 39ih year of the reign of 
 Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 ' We may almoft imagine, that Mr. Robert Sanderfon had propofed to himfelf the ex- 
 ample, which is recorded with lb much filial tendernefs in the following lines : 
 «' — — — Confuevit pater optiimis hoc me, 
 " Ut fugeiem exemplis vitioium qujeque notando, 
 " Cum me hortaretur parce, frugaliter, atque 
 " Viverem uti coiitentus eo quod mi iple parilFet: 
 " Nonne vides Albi ut male vivat filius, utque 
 " Barus inops?" Horat. Serm. Lib, I. 4.-1^5, 
 
 -Purus et inrons 
 
 «' (Ut me colhudem) fi vivo, et carus amicis, 
 
 " Caufa fuit pater liis." 16. vi. 69. 
 
 In the fame manner Demea in(lru£ls his fon in Terence 
 
 " Nihil prsEtermitto, confuefacio; denique 
 •' Infpicere tanquam in fpeculum in vitas omnium 
 " Jubeo, atq; ex aliis fumere exemplum fibi, 
 
 " Hoc facito, et hoc fugito.'" Adbi-ph. A^ III. Sc. Ut. 
 
 A fimiljv
 
 4i6 THE LIFE O^ ' 
 
 fill applications of them, by which his fon was in his infancy taught to ab- 
 hor Vanity and Vice as monfters, and to dlfcern the lovelinefs of Wifdom 
 and Virtue : and by thefe means, and God's concurring grace, his know- 
 ledge was fo augmented, and his native goodnefs fo confirmed, that all 
 became fo habitual, as it was not eafy to determine whether Nature or Edu- 
 cation were liis teachers'. 
 
 And here let me tell the reader, that thefe early beginnings of virtue were 
 by God's ajG[ifting grace blefled with what St. Paul fecmed to beg for his 
 Philippians, namely, " That he that had begun a good work in them, would 
 " finifli it." And Almighty God did : For his whole life was fo regular 
 and innocent, that he might have faid at his death, and with truth and 
 comfort, what the fame St. Paul faid after to the fame Philippians, when 
 he advifcd them " to walk as they had him for an example." 
 
 And this goodnefs, of which I have fpoken, fcemed to increafe as his 
 years did ; and with his goodnefs his learning, the foundation of which 
 was laid in the grammar-fchool of Rotherham — (that being one of thofe 
 three that were founded and liberally endowed by the faid great and good 
 bifliop of that name.) — And in this time of his being a fcholar there, he was 
 obferved to ufe an unwearied diligence to attain learning, and to have a fe- 
 rioufnefs beyond his age, and with it a more than common modefty; and 
 to be of fo calm and obliging behaviour, that the matter and whole number 
 of fcholars loved him as one man". 
 
 And 
 
 A fimilar felicity attended the celebrated Grotius , who, like Horace, has commemorated 
 in grateful verfe, the faithful attention of a father to his fon's improvement in the moral 
 duties of life. 
 
 ' " Alteiius fic 
 
 *' Altera pofcit opem les, et conjurat amice." Hor. ^. P. 4.10, 
 
 ^ " He was educated in a fevere and exa(£l: grammar-fchool, where by unwearied diligence, 
 " a filent fedentary and afloniflied way of following his book, a ferioufnefs beyond his years — 
 " (oh, how would he Ileal away from his companions' follies to his feverer tafks and priva- 
 " cies!) — he made his way thorow all things on which he could fix, to an exa£lnefs in Greek 
 " and Latin, which he retained to his dying day. And he would obferve, that an exaftnefs 
 " in fchool-lcarning was a great advantage to our higher fludies, as the mifcarriages of fchool 
 " are not eafily recovered in the univerfity." ( Rcnfon and Judgment^ or Special Remarks of the 
 Life of ike renowned Dr. Sanderfoti, p. 5.) 
 
 J
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 
 
 417 
 
 And in this love and amity he continued at that fchool, till about the 
 thirteenth year of his age ; at which time his father defigned to improve 
 his grammar learning, by removing him. from Rotherham to one of the 
 more noted fchools of Eton or Weftminfter ; and after a year's ftay there, 
 then to remove him thence to Oxford. But as he went with him, he called 
 on an old friend, a miniftcr of noted learning, and told him his intentions; 
 and he, after many queftions with his fon, received fuch anfwers from him, 
 that he affured his father, his fon was fo perfect a grammarian, that he had 
 laid a good foundation to build any or all the arts upon, and therefore ad- 
 vifed him to fhorten his journey, and leave him at Oxford. And his father 
 did fo. 
 
 His father left him there to the fole care and manage of Dr. Kilbie', who 
 was then Redtor of Lincoln College ; And he, after fome time and trial of 
 his manners and learning, thought fit to enter him of that college, and not 
 long after to matriculate him in the univerfity, which he did the firft of 
 July, 1603; but he was not chofen Fellow till the third of May, 1606, at 
 which time he had taken his degree of Bachelor of Arts : at the taking of 
 which degree, his tutor told the redlor, that his " pupil Sanderfon had a 
 *' metaphyfical brain, and a matchlefs memory ; and that he thought he 
 " had improved, or made the laft fo by an art of his own invention"." 
 And all the future employments of his life proved that his tutor was not 
 miftaken, 
 
 3 M I muft 
 
 ' Dr. Richard Kilbie is commemorated as a benefa£lor to his college. He reftored the li- 
 brary which had long been neglected, made eight new repofitories for books, and gave divers 
 good books thereunto. Upon the promotion of Dr. John Underhill to the fee of Oxford, he 
 was ele£led redlor of Lincoln College, Dec. 10, 1590; and in i6io he was appointed the 
 King's Hebrew Profeflbr. He died in 1620. 
 
 " While he was in the univerfity, he generally fpent eleven hours a day in fludy: which 
 induftry of his defpatched the whole courfe of philofophy, and picked out in a manner all that 
 was ufeful in claflic authors that are extant ; drawing indexes for his private ufe, either in his 
 own paper-book, or at the beginning and end of each book. This aOiduity continued to his 
 dying day. He difpofed of himfelf and time to perpetual induftry and diligence, not only 
 avoiding but perfeiflly hating idlenefs, and hardly recommending any thing more than this: 
 " ' Be always furnijbed lulth fomewkat to do, as the bejl tvay to innocence and pUafure.' There 
 " was not a minute of the day he left vacant from bufinefs of neceflity, civility, or ftudy." 
 (Reofon and Judgment, isfc. p. 11.) 

 
 41 8 THE LIFE OF 
 
 I muft here flop my reader, and tell him, that this Dr. Kilbie was a mart 
 of lo great learning and wifdom, and fo excellent a critic in the Hebrew 
 tongue, that he w:is made profcfTor of it in this univerfity; and was alfo fo 
 perfect a Grecian, that he was by King James appointed to be one of the 
 tranflators of the Bible; and that this dodtor and Mr. Sanderfon had fre- 
 quent difcourfes, and loved as father and fon. The doctor was to ride a 
 journey into Derbyfhire, and took Mr. Sanderfon to bear him company ; 
 and they refting on a Sunday with the do6lor's friend, and going together 
 to that parifli church where they then were, found the young preacher to 
 have no more dilcrction, than to wafte a great part of the hour allotted for 
 his fermon in exceptions againfl the late tranflation of feveral words 
 (not expelling fuch a Iiearer as Dr. Kilbie) and fliewed three reafons 
 why a particular word fliould have been otherwifc tranflated. When 
 Evening Prayer was ended, the preacher was invited to the doctor's friend's 
 houfe, where after fome other conference the dodtor told him, he " might 
 *' have preached more ufeful dodtrinc, and not have filled his auditors' ears 
 *' with needlefs exceptions againfl the late tranflation ; and for that word 
 " for which he offered to that poor congregation three reafons why it ought 
 " to have been tranflated as he faid, he and others had confidered all them, 
 " and found thirteen more confiderable reafons why it was tranflated as 
 "now printed":" and told him " if his friend" (then attending him) 
 *' fhould prove guilty of fuch indifcretion, he fhould forfeit his favour." 
 To which Mr. Sanderfon faid, " he hoped he fhould not." And the 
 preacher was fo ingenuous as to fay, *' he would not juflify himfelf." And. 
 fo I return to Oxford. 
 
 In 
 
 " From this fliort narrative we learn with what accuracy the tranflation of James I. was 
 conduced. Dr. Geddes, in his " Profpo(£tus," has very juftly obferved, that every fentence, 
 every word, every fyllable, every letter and point, feem to have been weighed with the niceft 
 exadtitudc, and cxpicffed either in the text or margin with the greateft precifion. Yet the 
 propriety not fo much of a new tranflation, as of a careful revifal or corre6lion of our prefent 
 tranflation, is incontrovertible. The very injudicious divifion of the text into chapters and 
 verfcs has been long a matter of complaint. But this fubje£l is fully difcufled by the prefent 
 Primate of Ireland in " An Hiftorical View of the Englilh Biblical Tranflations : the Expe- 
 diency of revifing by Authority our prefent Tranflations j and the Means of executing fuch 
 a Revifion." Dublin, 1792.
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 
 
 419 
 
 In the year 1608 (July the i ith) Mr. Sanderfon was completed Matter of 
 Arts. I am not ignorant, that for the attaining thcfe dignities, the time was 
 ihorter than was then or is now required ; but either his birth or the well 
 performance of fome extraordinary exercife, or fome other merit, made him 
 fo : and the reader is requeftcd to believe that it was the laft; and rcquefled 
 to believe alfo, that, if I be miftaken in the time, the college records have 
 Kiif-informed me ; but I hope they have not. 
 
 In that year of 1608, he was (November the 7th) by his college chofen 
 reader of logic in the houfe ; which he performed fo well, that he was chofen 
 again the 6th of November, 1609. ^^ '^^ Y^^^ 1613, he was chofen Sub- 
 redtor of the College, and the like for the year 1614, and chofen again to 
 the fame dignity and truft for the year 1616°. 
 
 In all which time and employments, his abilities and behaviour were fuch, 
 as procured him both love and reverence from the whole fociety ; there 
 being no exception againft him for any faults, but a forrow for the infirmi- 
 ties of his being too timorous and bafliful ; both which were, God knows, 
 fo co-natural, as they never icft him : and I know not whether his lovers 
 ought to wifli they had ; for they proved fo like the radical moifture in 
 man's body, that they preferved the life of virtue in his foul, which, by 
 God's affifting grace, never left him, till this life put on immortality. Of 
 which happy intirmities (if they may be fo called) more hereafter. 
 
 In the year 1614, he flood to be eled:eu one of the Prodtors for the uni- 
 verfity. And it was not to fatisfy any ambition of his own, but to comply 
 with the defire of the Rector and whole fociety, of which he was a mem- 
 ber, who had not had a Prodlor chofen out of their college for the fpace of 
 fixty years, namely, not from the year 1554" unto his Handing : and they 
 
 3 M 2 pcrfuaded 
 
 " During his refidence in college he undertook the office of tutor, which he executed 
 with much credit to himfelf. He was wont to fay, " I learn much from my mafter, more 
 " from my equals, and moft of all from my difciples." ( Reafon and Judgment, p. lO-) 
 
 p Thomas Coveney, of Magdalen College, Pr. 
 Christopher Hargrave, of Lincoln College, Pr. 
 
 In 1537 both the pro£lors were of Lincoln College. (Le Nfve.J 
 
 -At this time the proftors were chofen out of the whole body of tlie univerfity, and 
 
 none ufually offered themfclves candidates for the office, but pcrfons of great eminence for 
 
 their
 
 420 THE LIFE OF 
 
 perfuaded him, that if he would but ftand for Pro£tor, his merits were fo 
 generally known, and he fo well beloved, that it was but appearing, and he 
 would infallibly carry it againft any oppofers ; and told him, " That he 
 " would by that means recover a right or reputation that was feemingly 
 
 " dead to his college." By thefe, and other like, perfuafions, he yielded 
 
 up Iiis own reafon to theirs, and appeared to ftand for Prodlor. But that 
 eledtion was carried on by fo fudden and fecret, and by fo powerful a faction 
 that he miffed it. Which when he underftood, he profeffed ferioufly ta 
 his friends, " that if he were troubled at the difappointment, it was for 
 " theirs, and not for his own fake : For he was far from any defire of fuch 
 *' an employment, as muft be managed with charge and trouble, and was 
 *' too ufually rewarded with hard cenfures or hatred, or both." 
 
 Jn the year following he was earneftly perfuaded by Dr. Kilbie and others 
 to renew the logic ledures which he had read fome years paft in his col- 
 lege ; and, that done, to methodize and print them, for the eafe and pub- 
 lic good of pofterity. 
 
 And though he had an averfenefs to appear publicly in print, yet after 
 many ferious folicitations, and fome fecond thoughts of his own, he laid 
 afide his modefty, and promifed he would ; and he did fo in that year of 
 1 615. And the book proved as his friends feemed to prophefy, that is, of 
 great and general ufe, whether we refpe£t the art or the author. For logic 
 may be faid to be an arl of right reafoning : an art that undeceives men who 
 take falfehood for truth ; and enables men to pafs a true judgment, and de- 
 te£l thofe fallacies which in fome men's underftandings ufurp the place of 
 right reafon. And how great a mafter our author was in this art may 
 eafily appear from that clearnefs of method, argument, and demonftration, 
 which is fo confpicuous in all his other writings. And he, who had attained 
 to fo great a dexterity in the ufe of reafon himfelf, was beft qualified to 
 prefcribe rules and diredtions for the inftrudtions of others. And 1 am the 
 
 more 
 
 their learning. Dr. Peter Turner, Fellow of Merton College, Savilian Profeflbr of Geome- 
 try, and alfo Profeflbr of Geometry in Grefham College, forjjied the Caroline Cycle, fo called 
 from Charles the Firft's approbation of it, beginning in 1629, and ending in 1720. Since the 
 introduftion of this cycle, the appointment is hmited to particular colleges in a regular fuc- 
 ceilion, and the office has, of courfe, been lefs an objeft of ambition.
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 42 1 
 
 lore fatlsfied of the excellency and ufefulnefs of this his firft public un- 
 dertaking, by hearing that moft tutors in both univerfities teach Dr. San- 
 derfon's logic to their pupils, as a foundation upon which they are to build 
 their future ftudies in philofophy. And for a further conlirmation of my 
 belief, the reader may note, that fince this his Book of Logic was lirft printed, 
 there has not been lefs than ten thoufand fold : And that it is like to conti- 
 nue both to difcover truth, and to clear and confirm the reafon of the un- 
 born world. 
 
 It will eafily be believed that his former ftanding for a pro£tor's place, 
 and being difappointed, muft prove much difpleafing to a man of his 
 great wifdom and modefty, and create in him an averfenefs to run a fe- 
 cond hazard of his credit and content; and yet he was aflured by Dr. Kilbie 
 and the fellows of his own college, and moft of thofe that had oppofed him 
 in the former eleftion, that his Book of Logic had purchafed for him fuch 
 a belief of his learning and prudence, and his behaviour at the former elec- 
 tion had got for him fo great and fo general a love, that all his former op- 
 pofers repented what they had done ; and therefore perfuaded him to ven- 
 ture to ftand afecond time. And, upon thefe and other like encouragements, 
 he did again (but not without an inward unwillingnefs) yield up his own 
 reafon to theirs, and promifcd to ftand. And he did lb; and was the loth 
 of April 1616 chofen Senior Proctor for the year following ; Mr. Charles 
 Crooke of Chrift church being then chofen the Junior''. 
 
 In this year of his being Prodor there happened many memorable acci- 
 dents, part of which I will relate; namely, Dr. Robert Abbot', Mafter of 
 
 Baliol 
 
 *" Mr. Charles Crooke, a younger fon of Sir John Crooke, of Cliiltoii, in Bucks, one of the 
 Juftices of the King's Bench. In 1625, he proceeded D. D. benig then Rector of Amerfliam, 
 and a Fellow of Eton College. He was the author of " A Sad Memorial of Henry Curwen, 
 Efq. only child of Sir Patr. Curwen, of Warkington in Cumberland, Baronet, who died aid 
 Aug. 1638, aged 14, and was buried in the Church of Amcrfham in Bucks. Sermon on 
 jfobxiv. 2. Oxon. 1638." 4to. — at which time he was chaplain to Charles I. (Wood's Ath. 
 Ox.) 
 
 » Brotlier of George Abbot, Archbifliop of Canterbury. He obtained his promotion to the 
 fee of Salifbury, as a reward for his ledurcs in defence of the King's fupro.iie power, 
 againft Suarcz and Beilarmine. They were printed after his deatii. In his way to Sarum he 
 
 mads
 
 422 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Baliol College, and Regius ProfefTor of Divinity (who being eleded or con- 
 fecrated Bifhop of Saram feme months before) was folemnly conduced 
 out of Oxford towards his diocefe, by the heads of all houfes, and the 
 other chiefs of all the univerfity. And it may be noted that Dr. Prideaux' 
 fucceeded him in the profefTorfhip, in which he continued till the year 1642 
 
 (being 
 
 made a farcwel oration to the univerfity wiui great applaufe. His brethren, the heads of 
 houfes, and other Oxford friends, parted with him on the edge of his diocefe with tears of 
 grief, and the gentry of Sarum received him with tears of joy. (Life of Robert Abbot, Bijbop 
 
 of Salijbury. Guihiford, 1777. p. 152.) James I. was fo much pleafed with Dr. Abbot's 
 
 book " De Antichriao," that he ordered his own " Commentary upon Part of the Apoca- 
 lypfe" to be printed with it, when the fecond edition appeared in 1608. He was confecrated 
 Bifliop of Salifbury, Dec. 3, 1615 ; " herein," fays his biographer, " equalizing the felicity of 
 " Seflridus fome time Bifliop of Chichefter, who, being a bifliop himfclf, faw his brother at 
 " the fame time Archbiftiop of Canterbury." 
 
 • Dr. John Prideaux, Bifliop of Worcefl:er, died July 29, 1650, aged 72 years. He filled 
 the high flation of the King's Profeflbr in Divinity, with great honour and reputation, for 
 twenty-feven years. While he was Reftor of Exeter College, he acquired fo much fame in 
 the government of it, that many foreigners, fome of whom were after\|ard perfons of the 
 grcatefl difl:in£l;ion in the republic of letters, placed themfelves under his care. It is remarked 
 of him, that his anfwers in the divinity chair were quick, while thofe of Dr. Sanderfon, his 
 fucceflbr, were flow and certain. Such was the opinion entertained of his abilities, that he 
 was flyled " Columna Fidei orthodoxx. Malleus Haerefeon, Patrum Pater, et ingens Scholx 
 et Academis; Oracnlum." 
 
 When Mr. Jofeph Mede was upon a vifit at Oxford, it chanced at dinner one day that the 
 theme of their difcourfe was difpleafing to that good man : for by the liberty which was taken 
 fome were criticifing upon and fpeaking, as he thought, but unduly, or, at leaft, not up to the 
 worth of their learned and worthy profeiTor, Dr. Prideaux. Mr. Mede could not hold, but, 
 as fome then prefent made the report, brake out into thefe, or the like words : " Gentlemen, 
 " I befeech you, defift ; the man of whom you now fpeak deferves far better words. It was 
 *' his infirmity, let it be admitted, in this to be overfeen. But he hath virtues and great ac- 
 " complifliments far more than enough to make up this defefl:. That lie is both learned and 
 " pious it may not be qucfliioned ; and one infirmity, amidft fo many perfeftions, is not to be 
 " regarded, nor ever made mention of by one Chriilian towards another. Let me, there- 
 •' fore, take the boldnefs to crave this at your hands, that you would defift from this dif- 
 " courfe, and fall upon fome other more profitable argument." A noble example, and moC: 
 worthy of imitation ! See " The Life of Mr. Mede," prefixed to his Works, p. xxi.
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 423 
 
 (being then elefted Bifhop of Worcefter), at which time our now Proctor, 
 Mr. Sandcrfon, fiicceeded him in the Regius Profeflbrfhip. 
 
 And in this year. Dr. Arthur Lake (then Warden of New College) was 
 advanced to the bifhopric of Bath and Wells : a man. of whom I take 
 myfelf bound in juftice to fay, that he made the great truft committed to 
 him, the chief care and whole buiinefs of his life. And one tcftimony of 
 this truth may be, that he fat ufually with his chancellor in his confiftory, 
 and at leaft advifed, if not affifted, in moft fentences for the punifliing of 
 fuch offenders as deferved church cenfures. And it may be noted, that af- 
 ter a fentence for penance was pronounced, he did very rarely or never 
 allow of any commutation for the offence, but did ufually fee the fentence 
 for penance executed ; and then, as ufually, preached a fermon of mortifica- 
 tion and repentance, and fo apply them to the offenders, that then flood 
 before him, as begot in them then a devout contrition, and at leafl refolu- 
 tions to amend their lives ; and having done that, he would take them, 
 though never fo poor, to dinner with him, and ufe them friendly, and dif- 
 mifs them with his blcffing and perfuafions to a virtuous life, and beg them 
 for their own fikes to believe him. And liis humility and charity, and all 
 other Chriftian excellencies were all like this. Of all which the reader may 
 inform himfelf in his Life, truly writ and printed before his excellent Ser- 
 mons. 
 
 And in this year, alfo, the very prudent and very wife Lord Elfmere, who 
 was fo very long Lord Chancellor of England, and then of Oxford', refigning 
 up the laft, the right honourable, and as magnificent, William Herbert Eail 
 of Pembroke, was chofen to fuccced him. 
 
 And in this year, our late King Charles I. (then Prince of Wales) came 
 honourably attended to Oxford ; and having deliberately vifited the uni- 
 verfity, the fchools, colleges, and libraries, he and his attendants were en- 
 tertained 
 
 • This great and good man was elcdled Chancellor of the Univerfity of Oxford Nov. 3, 
 1610, and inftalled the loth of the fame month. Upon his refignation, January 24, 1616, 
 William Earl of Pembroke, Knight of the Garter, and Lord Chaniberlaiu of the Houfehold, 
 ■was elected Jan. 29, in the fame year.
 
 4H THE LIFE OF 
 
 tertained with ceremonies and feafting fuitable to their dignity and me- 
 rits". 
 
 And in this year King James fent letters to the univerfity for the regu- 
 lating their ftudies ; efpecially of the young divines : Advifmg they fhould 
 not rely on modern fums and fyftems, but ftudy the fathers and con..:ils, 
 and the more primitive learning \ And this advice was occafioncd by the 
 
 indifcreet 
 
 " On this occafion Priiice Charles was pleafed, with his own hand writing, to matriculate 
 himfelf of the Univerfity, Aug. 28, with this cymbol or fentence; '■'■ &i w omnia fuhj'icere, 
 " fiibjice te rat'wni." Carolus P. 
 
 " At this time Puritanifm and Calvinifm increafed daily at Oxford. Not only the ledurerr 
 in each college, but other preachers in and about the univerfity, pofitively maintained fuch 
 points of doftrine as were not maintained or allowed by the Church of England. The King, 
 by the advice of fuch bilhops and others of the clergy as were then about him, defpatched 
 upon the i8th of January, 1616, thefe diredlions following to the Vice-chancellor, certain 
 heads of houfes, the two Frofeflbrs of Divinity, and the two Proflors of the Univerfity, to be 
 
 carefully and fpeedily put in execution : 
 
 " JAMES REX. 
 
 1. " His MajeRy fignified his pleafure that he would have all that take any degree in fchooles 
 " to fubfcribe to the xxxix Articles. 
 
 2. " That no preacher be allowed to preach in the town, but fuch as are every way con- 
 " formable, both by fubfcription and every other way. 
 
 3. " That all fludents do refort to the fermons at St. Mary's, and be reftrained from going 
 <' to any other church In the time of St. Mary's fermons ; and that provifion be made that the 
 •' fermons in St. Mary's be diligently made and performed, both forenoon and afternoon. 
 
 4. " That the ordinary divinity a<Sl be conftantly kept with three replyers. 
 
 5. " That there be a great rellraint ibr fcholars haunting of town-houfes, efpecially in the 
 « night. 
 
 6. " That all fcholars, both at chappel and at the fchooles keep their fcholaftical habits. 
 
 7. " That young {Indents in divinity be directed to ftudy fuch books as be mod agreeable 
 " in doftrine and difcipline to the Church of England, excited to bellow their time in the fa- 
 " thers and counfels, fchoolmen, hiftories and controverfies, and not to infifi: too long upon 
 " compendiums and abbreviators, making them their grounds of their ftudy in divinity. 
 
 8. " That no man, either in pulpit or in fchooles, be fuffered to maintain dogmatically any 
 
 «« point of doiftrine that is not allowed by the Church of England. 
 
 9, "That
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 42^ 
 
 indifcreet inferences made by very many preachers out of Mr. Calvin's doc- 
 trine concerning predeftination, univerfal redemption, the irrcfiftibility of 
 God's grace, and of fome other knotty points depending upon thefe : points 
 which many think were not, but by interpreters, forced to be Mr. Calvin's 
 meaning ; of the truth or falfehood of which I pretend not to have an abi- 
 lity to judge; my meaning in this relation being only to acquaint the reader 
 with the occafion of the King's letter. 
 
 It may be obferved, that the various accidents of this year did afford our 
 proftor large and laudable matter to dilate and difcourfe upon : And that 
 though his office feemed, according to ftatute and cuftom, to require him 
 to do fo at his leaving it ; yet he chofe rather to pafs them over with fome 
 very fhort obfervations, and prefent the governors, and his other hearers, 
 with rules to keep up dlfcipline and order in the univerfity ; which at that 
 time was either by defective ftatutes, or want of the due execution of thofe 
 that were good, grown to be extremely irregular. . And in this year alfo, 
 the magifterial part of the pro6tor required more diligence, and was more 
 difficult to be managed than formerly, by reafon of a multiplicity of new 
 ftatutes, which begot much confufion ; fome of which ftatutes were then, 
 and not till then, and others fuddenly after, put into an ufeful execution. 
 And though thefe ftatutes were not then made fo perfeftly ufeful as they 
 were defigned till Archbifliop Laud's time (who affifted in the forming and 
 promoting them), yet our prefent prodtor made them as effedual as difcrc- 
 tion and diligence could do : Of which one example may feem worthy the 
 noting, namely, that if in his night-walk he met with irregular fcholars ab- 
 
 3 N fent 
 
 9. " That Mr. Vicc-Chancellour and the two Profeflbrs, or two of the Heads of Houfcs, do 
 " every Michachnas term, when his Majefty reforts into thofe parts, wayte upon his Majefty, 
 " and give his Majefty a juft accompt how thefe his Majefty's initruclions are obfe^^•ed." 
 
 It will not be deemed neceflary to notice any other of the decrees propofed by the delegate?, 
 tiian that which regards the feventh direftion : " In pra;le£lioi>ibus catcchifticis, qux in 
 " fingulis collegiis aulifvc haDeri folitx funt, Chriftianae fidei et religionis articuli xxxix in 
 " Synodo Londinenfi, anno ciddlxii decreti Icguntor, cxplicantorque per facrarum Scriptu- 
 " rarum axiomata, patrum antiquorum conciliorum teftimonla folide confirmantor." See 
 " Wood's Annals," &c B. I. p. 323, 324, 327, 328.
 
 426 THE LIFE OF 
 
 fent from their colleges at univerfity hours, or dlforckrcd by drink, or in 
 fcandalous company, he did not ufe his power of punifhing to an extre- 
 mity ; but did ufually take their names, and a promife to appear before him^ 
 unfent for, next morning ; and when they did, convinced them with luch 
 obligingnefs, and reafon added to it, that they parted from him with fuch 
 lefolutions as the man after God's own heart was poffefled with, when 
 he faid to God, " There is mercy with thee, and therefore thou (halt be 
 " feared." And by this, and a like behaviour to all men, he was fo happy 
 as to lay down this dangerous employment, as but very few, if any, have 
 done, even without an enemy. 
 
 After his prodor's fpeech was ended, and he retired with a friend into a 
 convenient privacy j he looked upon his friend with a more than common 
 cheerfulnefs, and fpake to him to this purpofe ; — " I look back upon my 
 *' late employment with fome content to myfelf, and a great thankfulnefs to 
 " Almighty God, that he hath made me of a temper not apt to provoke 
 " the meaneft of mankind, but rather to pafs by infirmities, if noted ; and 
 *' in this employment I have had f God knows) many occafions to do both. 
 *' And when I confider how many of a contrary temper are by fudden and 
 *' fmall occafions tranfported, and hurried by anger to commit fuch errors, 
 " as they in thai paffion could not forefee, and will in their more calm and 
 " deliberate thoughts upbraid and require repentance. And confider, that 
 " though repentance fecures us from the puniihment of any fin, yet how 
 " much more comfortable it is to be innocent, than need pardon : And 
 " confider, that errors againft men, though pardoned both by God and them, 
 " do yet leave fuch anxious and upbraiding impreffions in the memory as 
 " abates of the offender's content. When I confider all this, and that God hath 
 " of his goodnefs given me a temper that hath prevented me from running 
 " into fuch enormities, I remember my temper with joy and thankfulnefs. 
 " And though I cannot fay with David (I wifti I could), that therefore ' his 
 " * praife fhall always be in my mouth ;' yet I hope that, by his grace, and 
 " that grace fcconded by my endeavours, it fhall never be blotted out of 
 " my memory ; and I now befeech Almighty God that it never may." 
 
 And here I mufl look back, and mention one paffage more in his prodtor- 
 fhip, which is, that Gilbert Shelden, the late Lord Archbifhop of Canter- 
 bury,
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 
 
 427 
 
 bury, was this year" fent to Trinity College in that univerfity ; and not 
 long after his entrance there, a letter was fent after him from his godfather 
 (the father of our prodor) to let his fon know it, and commend his godfon 
 to his acquaintance, and to a more than common care of his behaviour ; 
 which proved a pleafmg injundtion to our proftor, who was fo gladly obe- 
 dient to his father's defire, that he fome few days after fent his fervitor to 
 intreat Mr. Shelden to his chamber next morning. But it feems Mr. Shel- 
 den, having (like a young man as he was) run into fome fuch irregularity as 
 made him confcious he had tranfgrefTed his ftatutes, did therefore apprehend 
 the proctor's invitation as an introduction to punifhment ; the fear of which 
 made his bed reftlefs that night ; but at their meeting the next morning 
 that fear vaniftied immediately by the proftor's cheerful countenance, and 
 the freedom of their difcourfe of friends. And let me tell my reader, that 
 this firft meeting proved the beginning of as fpiritual a friendfhip as human 
 natux-e is capable of; of a friendfhip free from all felf-ends : and it continued 
 to be fo till death forced a feparation of it on earth j but it is now re-united 
 in heaven^. 
 
 And now, having given this account of his behaviour, and the confiderable 
 accidents in his proftorfhip, I proceed to tell my reader, that this bufy em- 
 ployment being ended, he preached his fermon for his degree of Bachelor 
 in Divinity in as elegant Latin, and as remarkable for the method and matter, 
 as hath been preached in that univerfity fmce that day. And having well 
 performed his other exercifes for that degree, he took it the 29th of May 
 following, having been ordained deacon and prieft in the year 161 1, by 
 John King, then Bilhop of London, who had not long before been Dean of 
 
 3 N 2 Chrift-church, 
 
 '' He was admitted into Trinity College in the latter end of 1613. He took the degree of 
 B. A.Nov. 27, 16 1 7, and that of M. A. May 28, 1620. (Wood's Ath. Ox.) 
 
 Is aught fo fair 
 
 <' In all the dewy landfcapes of the fpring, 
 " In the bright eye of Hefper and the morn, 
 ~ " As virtuous friendfliip ? 
 
 (Akensioe's Pleasures of the Imagination.) 
 
 » Dr. John King had this dignity conferred on him Aug. 4, 1605 ; and in i6n he \''a5 
 made Bilhop of London.
 
 42S THE LIFE OF 
 
 Chrifl-church% and then knew him fo well, that he owned it at his ordina- 
 tion, and became his more afte£lionate friend. And in this year, being then 
 about the 29th of his age, he took from the univerfity a licence to preach. 
 
 In the year 1618, he was by Sir Nicholas Sanderlbn, Lord Vifcount C.ni- 
 tleton", prefented to the redtory of Wibberton, not far from Bofton in the 
 county of Lincoln, a living of very good value ; but it lay in fo low and wet 
 a part of that country, as was inconfiftent with his health. And health being 
 (next to a good confcience) the greateft of God's blcllings in this life, and 
 requiring therefore of every man a care and diligence to preferve it, and he, 
 apprehending a danger of lofing it, if he continued at Wibberton'' a fecond 
 winter, did therefore refign it back into the hands of his worthy kinl'man 
 and patron, about one year after his donation of it to him. 
 
 And about this time of his refignation he was prefented to the redlory 
 of Boothby Pannell "^ in the fame county of Lincoln ; a town which has been 
 made famous, and mufl: continue to be famous, becaufe Dr. Sanderfon, the 
 humble and learned Dr. Sanderfon, was more than forty years parfon of 
 Boothby Pannell, and from thence dated all or moft of his matchlefs. 
 writings. 
 
 To this living (which was of lefs value, but a purer air than Wibberton,) 
 he was prefented by, Thomas Harrington of the fame county and parifh, 
 Efq. a gentleman of a very ancient family, and of great ufe and efteem in 
 
 his 
 
 ^ Sir Nicholas Sanderfon of Saxby and of Filingham in LincolnHiire, Knight, was created 
 a Baronet in 161 2, 10 James I. and afterward Vifcount Caftleton in Ireland. Sir James San- 
 derfon, lineally defcended from him, was in 1715 made Baron Sanderfon of Saxby, in the 
 county of Lincoln ; in 1716, Vifcount Caftleton of Sandbeck in the county of York ; and in 
 1720, Earl of Caftleton in the county of York. 
 
 ' Wibberton R. St. Leodcgar, in the deanery of Holland, and archdeaconry of Lin- 
 coln. 
 
 '' Bothby, alias Boothby Pannell R. St. Andrew's, in the deanery of Grantham, and arch- 
 deaconry of Lincoln. He was induced into this redlory Sept. 7, 1619, and was fucceeded 
 by Humphrey Babbington, who was induded Nov. i, 1661. " On this place", faith Bifliop 
 Gibfon, " Dr. Robert Sanderfon, who was for fome years redor here, has entailed a lafling 
 " name and honour."
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 429 
 
 his country during his whole life'. And in this Boothby Pannell the meek 
 and charitable Dr. Sanderfon and his patron lived with an endearing, 
 mutual, and comfortable friendfhip, till the death of the laft nut a period 
 to it. 
 
 About the time that he was made parfon of Boothby Pannell, he rcfigned 
 his fellowfhip of Lincoln College unto the then Redor and Fellows; and 
 his refignation is recorded in thefe words ^ 
 
 €go IRobcctujBf %anticcfon per, (jc. 
 
 3 Eobert ^anuerfon, jTelloto of the College of %t. fi^arp'iai ano 911= 
 giaints, commonlp caUeD Lincoln College in tfje (LlnitiEratp of 0ifo?D, 
 Do fccelp anD toillinglg refign into tfjc banDS of tbc IRcftor anD J?eUoU)S, 
 all tf)e rigbt anD title tbat 31 &ai)e in the fain College, Voifljing to tbcm 
 anO thtit fucceflorg, all peace, anu pietg, ano fjappmefg, in tlje name of 
 tbe jrat&cr, ann of t^e ^on, ann of tijt it)oip (S5fjoa. Amen. 
 
 Robert Sanderson. 
 And 
 
 ■= To this gentleman, his very kind neighbour and patron, he has dedicated three fcrmons, 
 printed in 1637. " Living fo long under my charge, as I doc alfo under your patronage, 
 " you never yet gave me the leaft caufe to thinke myfelf either defpifed in the work, or dc- 
 '* frauded in the wages of my miniftery. Which as it is a gracious evidence of a pious and 
 " fmcere heart in you, fo it is a circumftance wherein I am happy beyond the condition of 
 " mofl of my brethren in the fame calling." (Epijlle Dedicatory, i^-.j 
 
 ' The name of Robert Sanderfon firft appears in the Regifler of Lincoln College, fubfcribed 
 to the order of the college chapter of the 6th of May, 1606 ? and it appears that he was a re- 
 fident fellow till the time of his refignation, which is inferted in the Rcgiftcr with his own 
 hand, in the college chapter of the 6th of May, 16 19, in the following affcclionate and folemn 
 form : 
 
 6 ^CiSi, 1 619. 
 
 (Ep lLvobcrtti0 »>ant)ccron, perpetuus focjuiS CollEffii B, Sl^arftif ct oinni'tim fnnc^ 
 tojiim Hincoln in illmVierritatc €'j;on. totiim nieiim \m quotJ Ijaliro in Hirta siocictatc 
 in maniiQ S)oniini Irlcttojics ct fotiojiiin ituDcm fpontc ct libcrc ucasno, cioptanis illiiJ 
 tmiticcQ^ ct nnplijs ct riictcffojUmci cojiim paccni, pictatcm, ct cntnimoliam fclicira-: 
 tem, in nomine ^aruiss, ifilii, ct ^pii;iriii3 S^aniti. Amen. 
 
 Tcftor, RocERTUs Sanderjcs,
 
 430 THE LIFE OF 
 
 And not long after this refignation, he was by the then Bifhop of York", 
 (or the King, Scde vacante^ ) made prebendary of the Collegiate Church of 
 Southwell in that diocefe; and fhortly after of Lincoln by the Bifhop of 
 that fee". 
 
 And being now refolved to fet down his reft in a quiet privacy at Boothby 
 Pannell, and looking back with fome fadnefs upon his removal from his 
 general and cheerful acquaintance left in Oxford, and the peculiar pleafures 
 of a univerfity life; he could not but think the want of fociety would 
 render this of a country parfon ftill more uncomfortable, by reafon of that 
 want of converfation ; and therefore he did put on fome faint purpofes to 
 marry. For he had confidered, that though marriage be cumbered with 
 more worldly care than a fmgle life; yet a complying and prudent wife 
 changes thofe very cares into fo mutual joys, as makes them become like 
 the fuflerings of St. Paul, which he would not have wanted, becaufe they 
 occafioned his rejoicing in them. And he having well confidered this, and 
 cbferved the fecret unutterable joys that children beget in parents, and the 
 mutual pleafures and contented trouble of their daily cai'e and conftant en- 
 deavours to bring up thofe little images of themfelves, fo, as to make them 
 as happy as all thofe cares and endeavours can make them: He, having 
 confidered all this; the hopes of fuch happinefs turned his faint purpofe into 
 a pofitive refolution to marry. And he was fo happy as to obtain Anne, 
 the daughter of Henry Nelfon, Bachelor in Divinity, then Redor of 
 Haugham in the county of Lincoln, a man of noted worth and learning. 
 And the Giver of all good things was fo good to him, as to give him fuch a 
 wife as was fuitable to his own defires ; a wife that made his life happy, by 
 being always content when 'he was cheerful; that was always cheerful when 
 he was content; that divided her joys with him, and abated of his forrow, 
 by bearing a part of that burden; a wife that demonftrated her affedlion by 
 a cheerful obedience to all his defires, during the whole courfe of his life ; 
 and at his death too, for fhe out-lived him. 
 
 And 
 
 e Dr Tobias Matthew was then Archbifliop of York. He died March 29, 1628, in the 83d 
 year of his age. 
 
 •> Dr. George Mountain, Bifhop of Lincoln, was tranflated to London, July 20, 1621. It is 
 probable, that Dr. John Williams, his immediate fucceflbr in the fee of Lincoln, was the pa= 
 tron of. Dr. Sanderfon.
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 431 
 
 And in this Boothby Pannell he either found or made his parifhioners 
 peaceable and complying with him in the conftant, decent, and regular 
 fervice of God. And thus his parifh, his patron, and he lived together in a 
 religious love, and a contented quietnefs; he not troubling their thoughts 
 by preaching high and ulelcfs notions, but fuch, and only fuch plain truths 
 as were neceilary to be known, believed, and pradlifed in order to the 
 honour of God and their own falvation. And their affent to what he 
 taught v/a« teftified by fuch a conformity to his dodtrine, as declared they 
 believed and loved him. For it may be noted he would often fay, " That 
 without the laft, the moft evident truths (heard as from an enemy, or an 
 evil liver) either are not (or are at leaft the lefs) eftedual; and ufually rather 
 harden, than convince the hearer." 
 
 And this excellent man did not think his duty difcharged by only reading 
 the church-prayers, catechifmg, preaching, and adminiltring the facraments 
 feaibnably; but thought (if the law or the canons may feem to enjoin no 
 more, yet) that God would require more than the dcfc6tive laws of man's 
 making can or do enjoin j ev^n the performance of that inward law, 
 which Almighty God hath imprinted in the coni'cience of all good Chrifti- 
 ans, and inclines thofe whom he loves to perform. He, confulcring this, 
 did therefore become a law to himfelf, pratStifing not only what the law 
 enjoins, but what his confcience told him was his duty, in reconciling dif- 
 ferences, and preventing law-fuits, both in his parifti and in the neighbour- 
 hood. To which may be added, his often viliting fick and dil'confolate 
 families, perfuading them to patience, and railing than from dejedion by 
 his advice and cheerful difcourfe, and by adding his own alms, if there 
 were any fo poor as to need it; confidering how acceptable it is to Al- 
 mighty God, when we do as we are advifed by St. Paul, " Help to bear 
 one another's burden", either of forrow or want: And what a comfort it 
 will be, when the Searcher of all hearts fhall call us to a ftrid: account as well 
 for that evil we have done, as the good we have omitted ; to remember we 
 have comforted and been helpful to a dejeded or diftrefled family. 
 
 And that his practice was to do good, the following narrative may be one 
 example. " He met with a poor dejefted neighbour that complained he 
 " had taken a meadow, the rent of which was gl. a year; and when the hay 
 ** was made ready to be carried into his barn, feveral days conflant rain had
 
 432 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " fo ra'ifcd the water, that a fudden flood carried all away, and his rich 
 " landlord would bate him no rent; and that unlefs he had half abated, 
 " he and feven children were utterly undone." It may be noted, that in 
 this age there are a fort. of people fo unlike the God of mercy, fo void of 
 the bowels of pity, that they love only themfelves and children; love them 
 io, as not to be concerned, whether the reft of mankind wafte their days in 
 forrow or fliame; people that are curfed with riches, and a miftake that 
 nothing but riches can make them and theirs happy. But it was not fo 
 with Dr. Sanderfon, for he was concerned, and fpoke comfortably to the 
 poor dejedled man; bade him go home and pray, and not load himfelf 
 with forrow, for he would go to his landlord next morning, and if his 
 landlord would not abate what he defired, he and a friend would pay it 
 for him. 
 
 To the landlord he vv-ent the next day; and in a conference the Dodor 
 prefented to him the fad condition of his poor dejedted tenant, telling him 
 how much God is pleafed " when men compafFionate the poor:" And told 
 him, that " though God loves facrifice, yet he loves mercy fo much better, 
 " that he is beft pleafed when he is called the God of Mercy " And told him, 
 " the riches he was pofTeffed of were given him by that God of Mercy y who 
 " would not be pleafed if he that had fo much given, yea, and forgiven him 
 " too, fhould prove like the rich Steward in the Gofpel, that took his fellow 
 " fervant by the throat to- make him pay the utmojl farthing" This he told 
 him: And told him, that " the law of this nation (by which law he claims 
 " his rent) does not undertake to make men honeft or merciful: That was 
 " too nice an undertaking; but does what it can to reftrain men from being 
 " diflioneft or unmerciful, and yet that our law was defedive in both; and 
 *' that taking any rent from his poor tenant, for what God fufFered him 
 " not to enjoy, though the law allowed him to do fo, yet if he did fo, he was 
 " too like that rich Steward which he had mentioned to iiim :" And told him, 
 that " riches fo gotten, and added to his great eftate, would, as Job fays', 
 prove like gravel in his teeth; would in time fo corrode his confcience, or 
 become fo naufeous when he lay upon his death-bed, that he would then 
 
 " labour 
 
 ' Mr. Walton generally quotes from memory. " Bread of Deceit is fweet to a man ; but 
 ** afterwards his mouth fhall be filled v/ith gravel." Prov. xx. 1 7.
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 4j 5 
 
 " labour to vomit it up, and not be able : And therefore advifed him (being 
 " very rich) to make friends of his unrighteous Mammon^ before that evil 
 " day come upon him : But however, neither for his own fake, nor for 
 " God's fake, to take any rent of his poor dejeded fad tenant, for that were 
 " to gain a temporal and lofe his eternal happinefs." Thefe and other 
 fuch reafons were urged with fo grave and fo companionate an earneftnefs, 
 that the landlord forgave his tenant the whole rent". 
 
 The reader will eafily believe that Dr. Sanderfon, who was himfelf fo 
 meek and merciful, did fuddenly and gladly carry this comfortable news to 
 the dcje£ted tenant; and will believe alfo, that at the telling of it there was a 
 mutual rejoicing. It was one of Job's boafts, that " he had leen none perifli 
 *' for want of clothing ; and that he had often made the heart of the widow 
 " to rejoice." And doubtlefs Dr. Sanderfon might have made the fame re- 
 ligious boaft of this, and very many like occafions : but fince he did not, I 
 rejoice that I have this juft occafion to do it for him ; and that I can tell the 
 reader, I might tire myfelf and him in telling how like the whole courfe 
 of Dr< Sanderfon's life was to this which I have now related'. 
 
 Thus he went on in an obfcure and quiet privacy, doing good daily both by 
 word and by deed as often as any occafion offered itfelf ; yet not fo obfcurely, 
 but that his very great learning, prudence, and piety, were much noted and 
 valued by the bifhop of his diocefe, and by moft of the nobility and gentry 
 of that county. By the firft of which he was often fummoned to preach 
 
 3 O many 
 
 ' It is related of Dr. Hammond, that having fet the tithe of a large meadow, and received 
 part of the money at the beginning of the year, it happening that the product was afterward 
 fpoiled by a flood, he returned all the money to the poor tenant, faying, " God forbid I fliould 
 " take the tenth, where you have no: the nine parts." 
 
 ' Is it poffible to read the above defcription without great pleafure ? May every clergyman 
 of the Church of England ferioufly contemplate this excellent portrait ! Not merely content 
 with the tranfitory gaze of admiration, may he faithfully copy, and accurately exprefs the tran- 
 fcript of it in his own life and manners ! — Dr. Featley tells us, that " there were few gentle- 
 men of his acquaintance whom Dr. Sanderfon had not direfted to fome noble and charitable 
 work for men's improvement or relief: he, their great cafuift, having their hearts and purfes at 
 his devoir, and uGng his happy power, always to their honour, comfort, and infinite fatisfac- 
 tion." ( Rcnfon andjudgtnent, ^c._J>. 29.)
 
 434 THE LIFE OF 
 
 many vifitation fermons, and by the latter at many afllzes"". Which fer- 
 mons, though they were much efteemed by them that procured and were 
 lit to judge them, yet they were the lefs valued, becaufe he read them, 
 which he was forced to do ; for though he had an extraordinary memory, 
 (even the art of it), yet he was puniihed with fuch an innate invincible fear 
 and baflifulnefs, that his memory was wholly uielcfs as to the repetition of 
 his fermons, fo as he had writ them ; which gave occafion to fay, when fome 
 of them were firft printed and expofed to cenfure (which was in tlie year 
 1632), " that the beft fermons that were ever read were never preached." 
 
 In this contented obfcurity he continued till the learned and pious Arch- 
 bifliop Laud", who knew him well in Oxford (for he was his contempo- 
 rary there), told the King (it was the knowing and confcientious King 
 Charles I. °) that there was one Mr. Sanderfon, an obfcure country minifter, 
 
 that 
 
 " In the colle£lion of his Sermons, we find five preached ad Cleriim, at the vifitations held 
 at Bofton or Grantham ; one preached ad Magijlratum, at a public feffions at Grantham ; four 
 at the affizes at Lincohi, and one at the aflizes at Nottingham. 
 
 " Whom the author of " Tlie Confeffional" hath diflinguiflied with the harfli epithet of 
 malicious. The nobte hiflorian has delineated the charafler of this great prelate with his 
 ufual ability and candour : " He was a man of great parts, and very exemplary virtues, al- 
 " layed and difcredited by fome unpopular natural infirmities ; the greateft of which was (be- 
 " fides a hafty fliarp way of expreffing himfelf ) that he believed innocence of heart and in- 
 " tegrity of manners was a guard ftrong enough to fecure any man in his voyage through 
 " this v/orld, in what company foever he travelled, and through what ways foever he was 
 " to pafs : and fure never any man was better fupplied with that provifion. He was always 
 " maligned and perfecuted by thofe who were of the Calvinian fa£lion, which was then very 
 " powerful } and who, according to their ufual maxim and practice, call every man they do 
 " not love, ' Papift;' and under this fenfelefs appellation, they created him many troubles and 
 
 " vexations." (Hifrory of the Rebellion, life. Vd. I. p. 90.) Archbifliop Laud's excellent 
 
 book againft Fiflier the Jefuit, and his fuccefs in recovering Mr. Chillingworth from Popery, 
 afford inconteftible proofs of his learning, and his fincere attachment to the Church of Eng- 
 land. Not to mention other inftances of his liberality; how nobly did he bellow his patronage, 
 unexpefted and undefired, upon Mr. John Hales of Eton, who efteemed him fo much, that 
 he mourned for his death in a moft remarkable manner, and wiflied he had died in his ftead ! 
 
 A Prince ! whom the noble hiftorian juflly defcribes as " the worthied gentleman, the 
 befl mafler, the befl friend, the befl hufband, the befl father, and the befl Chriftian, that the 
 age in which he lived produced."
 
 I 
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 435 
 
 that was of fuch fincerity, and Co excellent in all cafulftical learning, that he 
 clefired his Majefty would take fo much notice of him as to make him hl^ 
 chaplain. The King granted it moft willingly, and gave the billiop charge 
 to haften it ; for he longed to difcourfe with a man that had dedicated his 
 fludies to that ufeful part of learning. The bifhop forgot not the King's 
 defire, and Mr. Sanderfon was made his Chaplain in Ordinary in November 
 following (1631). And when the King and he became better known to 
 each other, then, as it is iaid, that after many hard queftions put to the pro- 
 phet Daniel, King Darius found " an excellent fpirit in him " ;" fo it was 
 with Mr. Sanderfon and our excellent King ; who having put many cafes 
 of confcience to him, received from Mr. Sanderfon fuch deliberate, (life, and 
 clear folutions, as gave him fo great content in converfmg with him (which 
 he did feveral times in private) that, at the end of his month's attendance, 
 the King told him " he fliould long for the next November ; for he re- 
 " folved to have a more inward acquaintance with him when that month 
 " and he returned." And when the month and he did return, the good 
 King w^as never abfent from his fermons, and would ufually fay, " I carry 
 " my ears to hear other preacliers, but I carry my confcience to hear Mr. 
 " Sanderfon, and to ad: accordingly." And this ought not to be concealed 
 from pofterity, that the King thought what he fpake : For he took him to 
 be his advifer in riiat quiet part of his life, and he proved to be his comforter 
 in thofe days of his afflidion, when he was under fuch a reflraint as he ap- 
 prehended himfelf to be in danger of death or depofmg. Of which more 
 hereafter. 
 
 In the firft Parliament of this good King (which was 1625), he was cho- 
 fen to be a clerk of the convocation for the diocefe of Lincoln", which I 
 here mention, becaufe about that time did arife many difputes about pre- 
 deftination, and the many critical points that depend upon or are interwo- 
 
 3 O 2 woven 
 
 P Mr. Walton, generally quoting from memorj', Is not always accurate : Compare Dait. i. 
 19, 20. and vi. 3. 
 
 1 Dr. Sanderfon, being a prebendary of Southwell, ferved as one of the clerks of the convo- 
 cation for the archdeaconry of Nottingham, in the former part of the Long Parliament. — 
 (Thorotoii's Hijlory of Ncfttinghamfiire, p. 475.)
 
 43 6 THE LIFE OF" 
 
 ven In it ; occafioned, as was faid, by a difquifition of new principles of Mr. 
 Calvin, though others fay they were long before his time. But of thefe 
 Dr. Sanderfon then drew up for his own fatisfadtion fuch a fcheme (he 
 called it " Pax Ecclefise") as then gave himfelf,and hath fince given others, 
 fuch fatisfadlion, that it ftill remains to be of great eftimation. He was 
 alfo chofen clerk of all the convocations during that good King's reign : 
 which I here tell my reader, becaufe I fhall hereafter have occafion to 
 mention that convocation in 1640, that unhappy Long Parliament, and 
 fome debates of the predeftinarian points, as they have been fmce charitably 
 handled betwixt him,- the learned Dr. Hammond', and Dr. Pierce, the now 
 
 reverend 
 
 ' On a portrait of Dr. Henry Hammond, Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, afterward 
 Canon of Chrift-church, Public Orator of the univerCty, one of King Charles the Flrft's 
 chaplains, and a conflant attendant on his Majefty during his laft troubles, are infcribed the 
 following lines : 
 
 " En gentis lumen columen culmenque togatae 
 •' Hammondus! Secli Lexque decufque fui." 
 
 (Gutch's Wood's History, fefr. p. 328.) 
 
 Tliis good man, who has already been mentioned in this volume, was born at Chertfey in Sur- 
 rey, Aug. 18, 1605, being theyoungeft fon of Dr. John Hammond, phyfician to Prince Henry. 
 Educated at Eton School, he was fent to Magdalen College, Oxford. In 1630, he was preferred 
 by the Earl of Leicefter to the retflory of Penfhurft. — In 1639, he proceeded D. D. was mem- 
 ber of convocation in 1640, and afterward named to be of the afferobly of divines. In 1643, 
 he was perfecuted and forced to retire, the Parliament vlfitors ejefting him from his canonry 
 of Chrift-church and his office of public orator. Having fpent lus. life in great retirednefs, lu- 
 cubration, and devotion, he furrendered up his mod pious foul to God, in the houfe of Sir 
 John Packington, April 25, 1660, aged 55 years : Whereupon his body was, upon the mor- 
 row, in the evening, buried in- the chancel of Hampton church, with the whole office and 
 ufua! rites of the Church of England, not at that time reftored or prailifed by public command. 
 See " Kennet's Regifter," p. 123. 
 
 Bifliop Burnet has obferved, that Hammond's death before the reftoration was an unfpeak- 
 able lofs to the church •, that he was a man of great learning and of moft eminent merit, having 
 been the perfon that, during the bad times, had maintained the caufe of the church in a very 
 fingular manner -, that he was a very moderate man in his temper, though with a high prin- 
 ciple, and perhaps he would have fallen into healing counfcls. He was alfo much fet on re- 
 forming abufes, and for reviving in the clergy a due fenfe of the obligations they were 
 under.
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 437 
 
 reverend Dean of Salifbury'. And here the reader may note, that in let- 
 ters wrote to the fald dean, Dr. Sanderfon fecnis to have altered his judg- 
 ment in fome points, fince he wrote his fcheme, called " Pax Ecclefiae," 
 which he feems to fay in his lafl will, befides other reafons to think fo. 
 
 In the year 1636, his Majefty, then in his progrefs, took a fair occafion to 
 vifit Oxford, and to take an entertainment for two days for himfelf and his 
 honourable attendants ; which the reader ought to believe was fuitable to 
 their dignities': But this is mentioned, becaufe at the King's coming thi- 
 ther, 
 
 ' Dr. Thomas Pierce, for fome years Prefident of Magdalen College, Oxford, well kno\vn 
 in his time for his flcill in the quinquarticular controvcrfy, and for his writings in defence of 
 the ancient eftablifliment of the Church of England, againfl: Baxter, Calamy, and other Non- 
 conformifts. On the promotion of Dr. Ralph Brideoke to the fee of Chicheftcr, he was ap- 
 pointed Dean of Salifbury. Ke compofed the following epitaph upon himfelf, a little before 
 his death : 
 
 "Here lies all that was mortal, the outfide, duft, and afliesofTho. Pierce, D.D. once thePre- 
 " fident of a college in Oxford, at firil the Reclor of Bringion-cum-meml'i-ij, Cinonol Lincoln, 
 " and at laft Dean of Sarum ; who fell afleep in the Lord Jefus, [Mar. 28, an. 1691.] but in 
 ** "hope of an awake at the refurre£lion. He knew himfelf, and taught others, that all the glo- 
 " rified faints in heaven cannot amount to one Saviour, as ail the ilirs in the firmament can- 
 *' not make up one -fun. Therefore his only hops and truft was in the Lord Jcfus, who will 
 « change," &c. Phil. iii. 21. 
 
 " Difce, viator, perinde effe, feu fragile frangi, feu mortaic mori." (ircod's yith. Oxctt. 
 Vol. II. p- 862.) 
 
 Of his difputes with Ward, Eifiiop of Salifbury, fee Dr. Walter Pope's Life of that prelate, 
 p. 171, 182. 
 
 Dr. Pierce, in a letter to Mr. Ifaac Walton, dated 1677-8, gives a particul.ir account, from 
 a book written by Dr. Hammond, of Dr. Sanderfon's change of fcntimcnts relative to the fa- 
 mous points controverted between the Calvinlfts and the Arminians — how his firft reading of 
 learned Hooker had been occafioncd by pertain puritanical pamphlets, ar.d how good a prepa- 
 rative he found it for his reading of " Calvin's Liftitutions," the honour of whofe name (at 
 that time efpecially) gave fuch credit to his errors. How he erred with Mr. Calvin, while he 
 took things upon truft, in the fublapfarinn way. How being chofen to be a clerk of the convo- 
 cation for the diocefc of Lincoln, he reduced the quinquarticular controvcrfy into five fchemes 
 and tables ■, and thereupon difcerned the neceflity of quitting the fublapfarian w.iy, of which 
 he had before a better liking, as well as the fupralapfarian, which he could never fancy. 
 
 ' The King, Queen, and their refpe£live courts, having been entertained this year by the 
 univerfity, on the 29th and ^oth of Auguft, it was his Majefty s pleafurc, upon his leaving the 
 
 univerfity.
 
 438 THE LIFE OF 
 
 ther, May 3, Mr. Sanderfon did then attend him, and was then (the 31 ft 
 of Auguft) created Dodor of Divinity ; which honour had an addition to 
 it, by having many of tiie nobility of this nation tlien made Doctors and 
 Mafters of Arts with him : Some of whofe names fliall be recorded and live 
 with his, and none Ihall outlive it. Firft, Dr. Curie and Dr. Wren", v/ho 
 were then Bilhops of Winton and of Norwich, and had formerly taken 
 their degrees in Cambridge, were with him created Dodtors of Divinity in 
 
 his 
 
 univeriity, which was the 3ifl; of the fame month, that there (hould be a creation in fever.tt 
 faculties. Whereupon the names of thofe that made fuit to be actually created being given 
 into the hands of the chancellor. Dr. Laud Archbifliop of Canterbury, by one of the fecreta- 
 ries of ftate, was a convocation celebrated on the fame day in the afternoon, wherein were 
 actually created two Bachelors of Arts, two Bachelors of Law,.five and forty Mafters of Arts, 
 ten Bachelors of Divinity, three Doftors of Civil Law, three Doftors of Phyfic, and one and 
 twenty Dodors of Divinity. (Wood's, Aih. Ons. Vol. 1. Col. 268.) 
 
 Archbifliop Laud has given a full account of his entertainment of their Majefties, when, 
 at this tlieir fummer progrefs, they: vifited the univerfity. (Laud's Remains, Isfc. Vol. II. 
 p. 100.) 
 
 " Dr. Matthew Wren, fucceffively Bifliop of Hereford, Norwich, and Ely, died April 24, 
 1667, aged eighty-one years and upwards. He was diftinguillied for his extraordinary at- 
 tachment to the royal caufe, having fufFered an imprifonment for eighteen years with finguhr 
 patience and magnanimity. The preffures under which he lay during this period were fuch, 
 that, his eftate being taken away, he could not allow his children bread, much lefsfupply their 
 expences for living in colleges. (Kennefs Regijier, p. 220.) He built the beautiful cha- 
 pel at Pembroke-Hall in Cambridge, " where he was buried with the greateil folemnity feen 
 " in the inemory of man, performed by the whole univerfity, twenty-four fcholars of St. 
 " John's, Peter-houfe, and Pembroke, being his relations, in mourning," (Lloyd's State Wor- 
 thies, p. 612.)— —The hiftory of his life has been faithfully written by his great nephew, 
 Chriftopher Wren, Efq. who left behind him a treatifc in manufcript, with this title, " Pa- 
 rentalia ; Memorials of the Lives of the right reverend Father in God, Matthew Wren, D. U. 
 Lord Bifliop of Ely, Chriftopher Wron, D. D. Dean of Windfor, and Sir Chriftopher Wren, 
 Knight, Surveyor General of the royal Buildings. With Colleiflions and Records of original 
 Papers." This treatife was publiflied by his fon, Stephen Wren, Efq. 
 
 It fliould not be forgotten, that when Cromwell had repeatedly offered to releafe the bifliop, 
 he refufed to accept the proffered boon, faying " that he fcorned to receive his liberty from a 
 " tyrant and ufurper." His life was kindly prolonged by Providence, that as he had feen the 
 deftrudtion fo he might alfo fee the happy reftoration of his order.
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 439 
 
 his univerfity. So was Meric, the fon of the learned Ifaac Cafaubon' ; 
 and Prince Rupert", who ftill lives; the then Duke of Lenox", Earl of 
 Hereford", Earl of Effexs Earl of Berk(hire% and very many others of 
 noble birth, too many to be named, were then created Mafters of Arts. 
 
 Some 
 
 ' Mcric Cafaubon, the heir of a great name and a learned race, having for his father Ifaac 
 Cafaubon, who is called by Jofeph Scaliger, " docliflimus omnium qui hodie vivunt," (his 
 grandfather Henry Stephens, and his great grandfather Robert Stephens) was born at Geneva, 
 in 1599. He came into England with his father, and was educated at Chrift-church in Oxford. 
 It will be unneceflary to expatiate on his vail erudition. He was much efteemed by James I.- 
 and Charles I. He nobly rejected the propofal of Cromwell, who invited him with the oiFer 
 of a penfion to write the hiftory of his life: and when Chriftina, Queen of Sweden, folicited 
 him to undertake the government of one or more of her univerfities, he declined a compliance 
 with her requeft, and determined to end his days in England. He was a prebendary of Can- 
 terbury, and died in 167 1. See the infcription on his tomb in the cathedral church of Can- 
 terbury. 
 
 " The name of this prince, the third fon of the unfortunate Queen of Bohemia, occurs not. 
 unfrequently in the annals of this and of the fuccecding reign. After innumerable toils, and 
 a variety of heroic actions performed by him both by fea and land, he fpent fevetal years in fe- 
 date ftudies, and the profecution of chymical and philofophical experiments. He died, Nov. 
 29, 1682, in the 63d year of hisage, generally lamented, having maintained fuch good temper, 
 and exa£t neutrality in the unhappy divifions which then prevailed, that he was honoured 
 and refpected by men of the moll differing intercfts. See " Echard's Hiftory of England," 
 Vol. III. p. 666. 
 
 " Lodowick, Duke of Lenox, created Earl of Richmond, 1 1 James I. ; and afterward Duke 
 of Richmond, in 1623. He was at this time a fludcnt of Trinity College in Cambridge. 
 
 » Rather, Earl of Hertford. William Seymour, Earl of Hertford, .educated in Magdalen 
 College, Oxford. He was admitted B. A. in 1607. In 1643, ^^ "'="' elefled Chancellor of 
 the Univerfity, and being deprived by the Parliament in 1647, was reinflated May 26, 1660. 
 He died Duke of Somerfet in October following. 
 
 * Robert Devereux, Vifcount Hereford and Earl of Eflex, who was afterward Cnptain- 
 general of the army raifed by the Parliament againft the King. 
 
 ' Thomas Howard, Vifcount Andover, created Barcn of Charlton and Earl of Berkiluie.
 
 440 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Some years before the unhappy Long Parliament, this nation being 
 then happy and in peace, though inwardly iick of being well", namely in 
 the year 1639, a dilcontcntcd party of the Scots Church were zealoufly 
 rcfllefs for another reformation of their kirk government; and to that 
 end created a new covenant; for the general taking of which they pre- 
 tended to petition the King for his aflcnt, and that he would enjoin the 
 taking of it by all of that nation. But this petition was not to be prefented 
 to him by a committee of eight or ten men of their fraternity, but by fo 
 many thoufands, and they fo armed, as feemed to force an affent to what 
 they feemed but to requeft: So that though forbidden by the King, yet they 
 entered England, and in their heat of zeal took and plundered Newcaftle", 
 where the King was forced to meet them with an army; but upon a treaty "^ 
 and fome coucefTions he fent them back, though not fo rich as they in- 
 tended, yet, for that time, without bloodflied. But oh! this peace and this 
 covenant were but the forerunners of war and the many miferies that 
 followed: For in the year following there were fo many chofen into the 
 Long Parliament, that were of a conjunil council with thofe very zealous 
 and as factious reformers, as begot fuch a confufion by the feveral defires and 
 defigns in many of the Members of that Parliament (all did never confent) 
 and at lafl in the very common people of this nation, that they were fo 
 loft by contrary defigns, fears, and confufions, as to believe the Scots and 
 their covenant would reftore them to that former tranquillity which they 
 had loft. And to that end the Prefbyterian party of this nation did again, 
 in the year 1643, invite the Scotch Covenanters back into England: And 
 hither they came marching with it glorioufly upon their pikes and in their 
 
 , hatSj 
 
 •" Like the Italian Patient on whom this epitaph was written : 
 
 " STAVO DEN, MA, PER STAR MEGLIO, STO QUl." 
 
 ' The Scotch army entered England, Aug. 20, 1640, and by flow marches encamped on the 
 27th of that month at Newbourn-upon-Tyne, four miles weft from Newcaftle. The King's 
 forces, under the command of the Lord Conway, attempting to prevent them from pafling 
 the river, after a fierce but unfuccefsful engagement, retreated in confufion, and abandoned 
 Newcaftle, which immediately fell into the, hands of. the Scots. (KeniieVs Hiji. of England, 
 Vol. III. p. ()6.) 
 
 ^ This treaty was made at Ripon, where the Englifli and Scotch Commiflioners met.
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 441 
 
 hats, with this motto, — " for. the crown and covenant of both king- 
 doms." — This I faw and fufFered by it. But when I look back upon the 
 ruin of families, the bloodflied, the decay of common honefty, and how the 
 former piety and plain-denling of this now fmful nation is turned into 
 cruelty and cunning, when I confider this, I praife God that he prevented 
 me from being of that party which helped to bring in this Covenant, and 
 thofe fad confufions that have followed it% And I have been the bolder to 
 fay this of myfelf, becaufe in a fad dlfcourfe with Dr. Sanderfon, I heard 
 him make the like grateful acknowledgment. 
 
 This digreflion is intended for the better information of the reader in 
 what will follow concerning Dr. Sanderfon. And firft, that the Cove- 
 nanters of this nation, and their party in Parliament, made many exceptioni 
 againft the Common-prayer and ceremonies of the church, and feemed 
 relllefs for' another reformation : And though their defires feemed not 
 reafonable to the King and the learned Dr. Laud, then Archbifhop of Can- 
 terbury, and many others; yet to quiet their confcienccs, and prevent 
 future confufion, they did in the year 1641 dcfirc Dr. Sanderfon to call 
 
 3 P two 
 
 * See a copy of this " Solemn League and Covenant for Reformation and Defence of 
 Religion, the Honour and Happinefs of the King ; and the Peace and Safety of the three 
 kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland," in " Lord Clarendon's Hiftory of the Rebel- 
 lion," Vol. n. p. 373. 
 
 This Covenant was recommended to the common people, by their preachers, in very flrangc 
 language. — " See that the Covenant be both taken and performed. It is the Covenant of the 
 *' Moft High God, who will be much provoked fure with theneglecl of it. You have holdeii 
 *' forth a pious example in entering into our Solemn League and Covenant for Reformation, 
 " like the honoured Prince Jofiah, and that with the fame fincerity. Oh ! accompany that 
 *• King one ftep farther, in caufing all in Jerufalem and Benjamin to make it and ftand to it, 
 •' when they have made it." ( J'fi't Strickland's Sermon before the Lords, Nov. 5, 1644. p. 5.) 
 ■" England ihall be England, or a Sodom and Gomorrah, according as it keeps or breaks the 
 " Covenant." (Lazarus Seaman's Fajl Sermon before the Commons, Sept. 25, 1644, p. 45.) 
 *' A Covenant is a golden girdle to tie us fad to God ; it is a joining and glewing ourfelves to 
 " the Lord : It is a binding ourfelves apprentice to God : It is not only commendable but very 
 " neccffary (and for this caufe you are met here this day) ; to enter into a bond a fecoi^ 
 <' time, to bind and enrol yourfelves again unto the Lord, to make up this hedge, to tie this 
 " golden girdle, and to join and glew yourfelves once more unto the Lord, in a perpetual 
 " Covenant never to be forgotten. (Edm. Ci/amy's Sermon bifcre the Lord Mayor, Jan 14, 1645, 
 «i3titled. The great D.i'igcr of-Covenant-refufmg and Covenant-breaking, p. 2.)
 
 442 THE LIFE OF 
 
 two more of the convocation to advife with him, and that he would then 
 draw up feme fuch fafc alterations as he thought fit in the fervice-book, and 
 abate fome of the ceremonies that were Icall material, for fatisfying their 
 confciences; and to this end he and two others did meet together privately 
 twice a week at the Dean of Weftminfter's houfe', for the fpace of five 
 months or more. But not long after that time, when Dr. Sanderfon had 
 made the reformation ready for a view, the church and ftate were both fallen 
 into fuch a confufion, that Dr. Sanderfon's model for reformation became 
 then ufelefs. Neverthelefs the repute of his moderation and wifdom was 
 fuch, that he was in the year 1642 propofed by both Houfes of Parliament 
 to the King then in Oxford, to be one of their truftees for the fettling ot 
 church affairs, and was allowed of by the King to be foj but that treaty 
 came to nothing. 
 
 In the year 1643, the two Houfes of Parliament took upon them to make 
 an ordinance, and call an aflembly of divines^, to debate and fettle church- 
 
 controverfies ; 
 
 * Dr. John Williams was then Dean of WeRminfter. He held this Deanery in com- 
 
 mendam during the whole time of his being Bifliop of Lincoln, and likewife three years after 
 
 his tranflation to York. (Le Neve. J 
 / 
 
 s Thomas Lord Fairfax, the Parliament's general, was wont to, call this aflembly, which 
 confifted chiefly of Prefbyterians, " the Chariots and Horfemen of Ifrael." Mr. Baxter de- 
 nominates it " the Learned and Pious Synod at Wedminfler." The order for convening it 
 is inferted in " Sir "William Dugdale's View," p. 902. 
 
 Of the Members of this Aflembly, Lord Clarendon obferves, ( Hijl. of the Rebellion, Vol. L 
 p. 530.) that, " of about one hundred and twenty of which it was to confift:, there were not 
 above twenty, who were not declared and avowed enemies to the dodlrine or difcipline of the 
 Church of England ; fome of them infamous in their lives and converfations ; and mod of 
 them of very mean parts In learning, if not of fcandalous ignorance, and of no other reputa- 
 tion than of malice to the Church of England. The famous Selden, one of their lay afleflbrs, 
 took great delight in expofing their want of learning. When they cited a text to prove their 
 aflertions, he would tell them, " Perhaps in your gilt little pocket bibles," (which they would 
 often pull out and read) " the tranflation may be thus ; but the Greek and the Hebrew figni- 
 rfes thus and thus ;" and fo would totally filence them. See " Whitlock's Memoirs," p. 68. 
 Each member of this Aflembly received a falary of four fhillings a day, much too little, as 
 fome thought, for men of their merit ; others grumbling at it as too much for what by them 
 •was performed. ( Fuller' sChurch Hijlory, B. X. p. 200.) " Our Englifh AflTembly fate hum- 
 drumming feveral years, and after all expedtation brought forth nothing worth a moufe." — 
 (FoulWs Bijl. of Wkhed Plots, ^c. p. 207.)
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 44^ 
 
 controverfies ; of which many that were elcaed were very unfit to judge; 
 in which Dr. Sanderfon was alfo named by the ParUamcnt, but did not 
 appear; I fuppofe for the fame reafon that many other worthy and learned 
 men did forbear, the fummons wanting the King's authority. 
 
 And here I mull look back and tell the reader, that in the year 1642, he 
 was (July 2 1 ) named by a more undoubted authority to a more noble em- 
 ployment, which was to be ProfefTor Regius of Divinity in Oxford ; but 
 tiiough knowledge be faid to puff up, yet his modefty, and too mean an 
 opinion of his great abilities, and fome other real or pretended reafons, ex- 
 preffed in his fpeech, when he firft appeared in the chair, and fmce printed, 
 kept him from entering into it till Odlober i646\ 
 
 He did for about a year's time continue to read his matchlefs ledures, 
 which were firft de Juramcnto, a point very feraphical and as difficult, and 
 at that time very dangerous to be handled as it ought to be. But this 
 learned man, as he was eminently furnifhed with abilities to fatisfy the 
 confciences of men upon that important fubjc<£t ; fo he wanted not courage 
 to aflert the true obligation of oaths, in a degenerate age, when men had 
 made perjury a main part, or at leaft very ufcful to their religion. How 
 much the learned world ftands obliged to him for thefe and his followino- 
 leflures de Confclent'ia, I fhall not attempt to declare, as being very fenfible 
 that the beft pens fall (hort in the commendation of them ; fo that I fhall 
 only add, that they continue to this day, and will do for ever, as a com- 
 plete ftandard for the refolution of the moft material doubts in that part of 
 cafuiftical divinity: And therefore I proceed to tell the reader, that about 
 the time of his reading thofe ledlures (the King being then prifoner in the 
 Ifle of Wight) that part of the Parliament then at Weftminftcr fent the 
 Covenant, the Negative Oath, and I know not what more to Oxford, to be 
 taken by the Dodlor of the Chair, and all heads, of houfes. And all the 
 other inferior fcholars, of what degree foever, were alfo to take thefe oaths 
 by a fixed day; for thofe that did not were to abandon their colleges and 
 
 3 P 2 "" the 
 
 h Upon the promotion of Dr. John Prideaux to the See of Worcefter, Dr. Sanderfon was 
 appointed the King's Profeflbr in Divinity, July 21, 1642, and wasejeded by the Parliament's 
 vifitors, June 14, 1648. In the beginning of Aiiguit, 1660, he was r^aored. (Le Ncve.J
 
 444 1'HE LIFE OF 
 
 the unlverfity too within twenty-four hours after the beating of a drum' j 
 and if they remained longer, they were to be proceeded againfl: as fpies. 
 
 Dr. Laud the Archbifliop of Canterbury, the Earl of Strafford, and many 
 others had been formerly murdered, but the King yet was not ; and the 
 univerfity had yet fome faint hopes that in a treaty then in being betwixt 
 him and them, that confined him, or pretended to be fuddenly, there might 
 be fuch an agreement made, that the Diffenters in the univerfity might both 
 preferve their confciences, and the poor fubfiftence which they then en- 
 joyed by their colleges. 
 
 And being poffefled of this miftaken hope, that the men in prefent power 
 were not yet grown fo mercilefs, as not to allow manifeft reafon for their not 
 fubmitting to the enjoined oaths, the univerfity appointed twenty delegates 
 to meet, confider, and draw up a manifefto to them, why they could not take 
 thofe oaths but by violation of their confciences : And of thefe delegates Dr.. 
 Shelden, late Archbifhop of Canterbury, Dr. Hammond, Dr. Sanderfon,, 
 Dr. Morley, now Bifhop of Winchefter, and that moft honeft, very learned, 
 and as judicious civil lawyer, Di*. Zouch*", were a part; the reft I cannot 
 
 now 
 
 ' " In 1648, the vifitors appointed by Pavliament having fat feveral times in the lodgings 
 of Sir Natlianiel Brent, Warden of Merton College, in the lafl; yeare, but to little purpofe, 
 they proceeded, this yeare, with very great rigour to the ruin of the univerfitic. The mem- 
 bers of every college were all fummoned to appeare on a certaine day, and fometimes two or 
 three colleges appeared in one day, and if they did not give a pofitive anfwer, whether they 
 would fubmit to them and their vifitation, as appointed by Parliament, they were forthwith 
 ejeded." ( Life of A. Wood, by himfelf />. 50 5 i .) 
 
 •= Dr. Richard Zouch,the firft civilian of the age in which he lived, derived his defcent from 
 the Lord Zouches of Harringworth in Northamptonfliire, and was of the fame family with 
 Guido or Eudo de Zouch, Chancellor of the Univerfity of Cambridge, and with William 
 Zouch, Archbifhop of York, whofe military prowefs, fignally difplayed in the defeat of the 
 
 Scotch army near Durham, is celebrated in tlie annals of the Englifti Hiftory. Born at 
 
 Anflley in Wiltfliire, in 1590, he received his education in William of Wykeham's fchool, 
 near Winchefter ; was matriculated in the univerfity of Oxford in 1608, and admitted fellow 
 of New College in 1609. He took the degree of LL. B. June 30, 1614, and that of LL. D. 
 April 8, 1619. 
 
 In 1613, he publidied " The Dove -, or, PalTages of Cofmography ;" a poem comprifing a 
 defcription of Afia, Africa, and Europe ; dedicated to his relation, the friend of Archbifhop 
 
 Whitgift
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 445 
 
 now name ; but the whole number of the delegates requeued Dr. Zouch to 
 draw up the law part, and give it to Dr. Sauderfon, and he was requefted 
 
 to 
 
 Whitgift and of Sir Henry Wotton, the truly noble and worthy honoured Edward Lord 
 Zouch, St. Maure or Cantelupe. He concludes this poem with an account of Great Britain. 
 Having defcribed renowned Exeter, fiueet-feated Salf-b'ry, and Bri/lo-w, the merchant's magazine, . 
 he proceeds : 
 
 " old JfmcheJIer, the ancient fcate of kings,- 
 " For virtue and for valour mucli renowned, 
 " So fubjeft unto change are earthly things, 
 *' Inftead of diadem, with bayes is crowned ; 
 
 " Where worthy Wiccham's children now maintaine 
 
 " The fame once known by great King Arthur's traine. 
 " Oxford, by Ifis' cryftal ftreams confin'd, 
 " And well-difcerning Cambridge, Learning's payre, 
 " F.xcell thofe lamps which once on Ida fliin'd, 
 " Bright Jnno fliew'd, cleare Pallas, Venus faire j 
 
 " But eyther of thefe thrice illuftrious eyes 
 
 " Doth brightnes, clearnelTe, fairnefTe, all comprife. 
 " As that true enfigne of the Almightie's love 
 " Lively difplayed in the cloudy fkye, 
 " The gazer's eye aftonidied doth move 
 " To wonder at fuch ftrange varietie ; 
 
 " Rainbow refcmbling London, England's blilTe, 
 
 " The lieav'n's great mercy, and earth's marvel is." 
 
 He no fooner had obtained his firfl: degree than he became an advocate in Doctor's Com- 
 mons. Through the influence of his noble kinfman, who was then Lord of the Cinque Ports, 
 he was clc£led, in 1620, a burgefs to ferve in Parliament for Hythe in Kent. In the fame year 
 he fucceeded Dr. John Budden as Profeflbr of Civil Law, and, in 1625, he was appointed 
 Principal of Alban's Hall, on the death of Dr. Edward Chaloner, of tlie ancient family of 
 the Chaloners of Guifborough in Yorkfhire, who died of the plague at Oxford. Though a 
 layman, he held the prebend of Shipfton, in the church of Salifbury, which was then firft an- 
 nexed to the law profeflbrfhip by James L 
 
 When William Earl of Pembroke, Chancellor of the univerfity, by a letter dated June 23, 
 1623, had appointed certain perfons nominated by the convocation, to revife the llatutes, and 
 to re<luce them to a better form and order, they chofe a committee among themfelves to pre- 
 pare materials for the infpedlion of the whole body. This committee confiftod of Robert 
 Pink, D. D. Warden of New College, Richard Zouch, LL. D. Bryan Twine, B. D. and Mr. 
 Seter Turner, Savilian Profeflbr of Geometry. On the death ofLord Pembroke, Dr. Laud, 
 
 then
 
 446 THE LIFE OF 
 
 to methodize, and add what referred to reafon and confciencc, and put ii 
 into form. He yielded to their defires and did fo. And then, after they 
 
 had 
 
 then Bifliop of London, being defied Chancellor, April I2, 1630, exerted himfelf with unre- 
 mitting zeal in promoting the arduous work of completing a fettled and a known body of (la- 
 tutcs. What was begun by his noble predeceflbr was happily accomplifhed in 1634, under 
 the aufpices of this prelate, the moft munificent patron of learning which that age pro- 
 duced. 
 
 The univerfity of Oxford acquired immortal fame by their virtuous oppofition to the Solemn 
 League and Covenant. Thofe members of that venerable Society, who joined in this oppofi- 
 tion appointed twenty delegates to draw up a declaration of the motives which influenced 
 their conduft. To Dr. Zouch was afhgned the province of compofing that part of their de- 
 fence which regarded the law ; whilft his friend Dr. Sanderfon, then Regius Profcflbr of Di- 
 vinity, was requefted to arrange the arguments deducible from law and confcience. The 
 whole was methodized by the latter ; and, when finifhed, was approved in full convocation. 
 That the learned men in Europe might be apprized of the propriety of this determination, it 
 was printed in Latin, under the title of " Judicium Unlverfitatis Oxonienfis de i. Solenni 
 Lcga et Fcederc. 2. Juramento Negative. 3. Ordinationibus Parliamenti circa Difciplinam et 
 cultum, in plena Convocatione, i Junii 1647, communibus Suffragiis, Nemine contradicente, 
 promulgatum." 
 
 In 1648, when the vifitors appointed by Parliament exercifed their powers in Oxford, Dr. 
 Zouch acquiefced in their proceedings, attuated probably by the fame motives, which induced 
 Sir Matthew Hale to accept of a judge's place in the Common Pleas. After a mature delibera- 
 tion that ''reat and good man determined, " that it being abfolutely neccllary to have juflice 
 and property kept up at all times, it was no fm to take a commifFion from ufurpers, if he made 
 no declaiation of acknowledging their authority." Ytt our civilian refigned his office in the 
 admiralty, in which he was replaced at the reitoration. 
 
 In 16? ^ an unprecedented violation of the public peace, attended with aflaflination, and every 
 fpecies of infult was committed upon the New Exchange in London, by the domelUcs of the 
 Portueuefe Ambafi;idor,who was then foliciting terms of peace with Oliver Cromwell. The un- 
 bridled impctuofity of their fury had impelled them, for two fucceflive nights, to a£ls of the moft 
 favage cruelty. Several of them were apprehended and committed to prifon, the Ambaflador 
 havin'' delivered into the hands of the civil magiftrate his brother, Don Pantaleon Sa, a Knight 
 of Malta, who was a principal in the riot. The Protedor and his privy council differing in opi- 
 nion on the extent of the privilege of an ambaflador, and on the legality of proceeding againfl: 
 the delinquents, thought it necelTary to requeft the advice of Dr. Zouch, who was then, as 
 Anthony "Wood calls him, " the living Pandeft of rhe law." By the exprefs diredlion of 
 our able civilian, the Ambaflador's brother was declared amenable to a trial in an Englifii 
 court of judicature. Accordingly he was tried by a fptcial commifLon of Oyer and Termi- 
 ner
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 
 
 447 
 
 had been read in a full convocation and allowed of, they were printed in 
 Latin, that the Parliament's proceedings and the univerfity's fufferings might 
 
 be 
 
 ner. The commiffioners were Lord Rolles, Jufticc Atkyns, Serjeant Steele, Dr. Richard 
 Zouch, and five others. The Ambaflador's brother was indidled for murder, convicled, and 
 executed. Nothing contributed more effeflually to increafc the reputation of Cromwell in 
 foreign countries, than this aft o£ public juftice; which is univcrfally acknowledged to have 
 been (Iridlly conformable to the law of nations. On tliis fubje£t Dr. Zouch compofed a 
 learned traft, entitled, " Solutio Q^eftionis de Legati d clinqucntisjudice competente, 
 Oxon. i6i7," to which he has annexed a narrative of the whole tranfaction. It was at this 
 critical time, that the Ponuguefe AmbafiTador prefented the famous panegyric on the Proteftor, 
 fuppofed to be adtually written by Milton, but generally believed to be the work of a Jefuit. 
 Yet Cromwell remained infeiifible to adulation j and with a refolution worthy of an upright 
 judge, permitted Juftice to take her due courfe. 
 
 In 1657 he became a candidate for the office of Cuftos Archivorum, vacated by the death 
 of Dr. Gerard Langbaine. He was oppofed on this occafion by Dr. John Wallis, eminent 
 above all his contemporaries for his mathematical knowledge, one of the Savilian Profeffors, 
 a man of mild and gentle manners, perfectly attached to the fubfifting government, and who 
 had, in faft, been one of the fecretaries to the aflembly of divines at Weltminfter, during the 
 whole time of their fitting. Dr. Wallis was eleded in preference to his competitor ; and 
 the proceedings of this eleftion were afterward commented on with great afperity by the ce- 
 lebrated Mr. Henry Stubbs. 
 
 After the relloration, Dr. Zouch, whofe loyalty always remained unimpeached, had the 
 honour of being named by the King, along with feveral other commiffioners, to reftore the 
 fplendour, and regulate the diforders of the univerfity. He was re-inftated in the court of ad- 
 miralty ; and if he had lived, he would doubtlefs have attained thofe higher dignities in his 
 profeffion, to which his integrity and great abilities entitled him. He died at his apartments 
 in Doctor's Commons, London, March i, 1660, and was buried in the church of Fulham, near 
 the remains of Katharine, his eldeft daughter, t\e wife of Sir William Powell, alias Hinfon. 
 His works, which principally relate to his profeffional ftudies, ar« enumerated by Anthony 
 Wood. It muft be remarked to his credit, that at a time when there was a warm conteft be- 
 tween the civilians and the common lawyers, the latter of which were difcouraged by the 
 court, he treated the common law of England with reverence and refpeft ; herein differing 
 from Dr. Cowell, the King's Profcflbr at Cambridge, who endeavoured to extend the civil law 
 beyond its due bounds. The author of the beft didaclic treatife extant, on the proceedings 
 of the ecclefiaftical court, hath paid the greateft attention to the writings of Dr. Zouch. In- 
 deed they contain the fundamental principles of law and government, the knowledge of which 
 conftitutes an cfl'ential part of the education of an Englilh gentleman. John and Daniel Elze- 
 vir have dedicated a beautiful and correft edition of his molt celebrated work, entitled, 
 
 " Elementa
 
 448 THE LIFE OF 
 
 be manlfefted to all nations'; and the impofers of thefc oaths might repent, 
 or anfwer them. But they were paft the lirfl; and for the latter, I might 
 fwear they neither can, nor ever will. And thefe reafons were alfo fud- 
 denly turned into Englifli by Dr. Sanderfon, that all thofe of thefe three 
 kingdoms might the better judge of the caufe of the loyal party's fufferings. 
 About this time the Independents (who were then grown to be the moft 
 powerful part of the army) had taken the King from a clofe to a more large 
 
 imprilonment, 
 
 *' Elementn Juris Civil'is," to its learned author. " He was," fays Anthony Wood, " an exa£l: 
 " artift, a fubtle politician, an expert hiftorian ; and for the knowledge and pradlice of the 
 " civil law, the chief perfon of his time, as his works, much efteemed beyond the feas, 
 *' where feveral of them are reprinted, partly teftify. He was fo well verfed alfo in the fta- 
 " tutes of the univerfity, and controverfies between the members thereof and the city, that 
 " none, after Twine's death, went beyond him. As his birth was noble, fo was his behaviour 
 " and difcourfe ; and as perfonable and handfome, fo naturally fweet, pleafing, and affable. 
 " The truth is, there was nothing wanting, but a forward fpirit, for his advancement ; but the 
 " interruption of the times, which filenced his profelhon, would have given a Hep to his rif; 
 *' had he been of another difpofuion." 
 
 ' The affiftance of Dr. Gerard Langbaine, Proved of Queen's College, was of great fervicc 
 on this occafion. " Thefe delegates," fays Lord Clarendon, " to their eternal renown, being 
 at the fame time under a ftridl and ftrong garrifon put over them by the Parhament, the King, 
 in prifon, and their hopes defperate, pafled a public z€t and declaration againfl: the Covenant, 
 with fuch invincible arguments of the illegality, wicked nefs, and perjury contained in it, that 
 no man of the contrary opinion, nor the aflembly of divines, which then fat at Wcflminiler, 
 ever ventured to make any anfwer to it : But it muft remain, to the world's end, as a monu- 
 ment of the learning, courage, and loyalty of that excellent place, againfl the higheft malice 
 and tyranny, that was ever exercifed in or over any nation. See the " Hiftory of the Re- 
 bellion," Vol. III. p. 56. 
 
 After the Refloration, when the Parliament Ln at Oxford, the Commons ordered thanks to 
 be returned to the univerfity, for their noble and refolute conduct, at this time. 
 
 " Martis, 31 Oflob. 1663. 
 " Resolved, That the thanks of this houfe be returned to the Chancellor, Maflers, and 
 "*' Scholars of the Univerfity of Oxford, for their remarkable loyalty to his Majelly's father 
 " of happy memory, in the late rebellion: Efpecially, for that extraordinary inftance of their 
 " duty, in making a bold oppofition to the rebellious vifitors, and refufing to fubmit to their 
 "League and Covenant: And laflly, for the illuftrious performance they printed, entitled, 
 " • The Judgment of the Univerfity,' in which they have learnedly maintained the juflice of 
 " the King's caufe."
 
 I 
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 449 
 
 imprifonment, and, by their own pretencea to liberty of confcience, were 
 obliged to allow Ibmewhat like that to the King, who had in the year 1 646 
 fent for Dr. Sanderfon, Dr. Hammond, Dr. Shelden (the late Archbifhop 
 of Canterbury), and Dr. Morley (the now Bifliop of Wincheilerj to attend 
 him, in order to advife with them, how far he might V7ith a good con- 
 fcience comply with the propofals of the Parliament for a peace in Church 
 and State ; but thefe, having been then denied him by the PrclTjyterian Parlia- 
 menr, were now by their own rules allowed him by thofe Independents 
 now in prefent power. And with fome of thofe divines. Dr. Sanderfon 
 alfo gave his attendance on his Majefty in the IQe of Wight; preached there 
 before him, and had in that attendance many, both public and private con- 
 ferences with him, to his Majelty's great fatisfa(5tion. At which time he 
 defired Dr. Sanderfon, that being the Parliament had then propofed to him 
 the aboUfhing of Epifcopal Government in the Church, as inconfiftent with 
 monarchy, and felling theirs and the Cathedral Church-Land to pay thofe 
 foldiers that they had raifed to light againfl him, that he would confider of 
 it, and declare his judgment. He undertook to do fo, and did it; but it 
 might not be printed till our King's happy reftoration, and then it was. 
 And at Dr. Sanderfon's then taking his leave of his Majefty in this his laft 
 attendance on him, the King requefted him " to betake himfelf to the writ- 
 " ing cafes of confcience for the good of pofterity." To which his anfwer 
 was, " That he was now grown old, and unfit to write cafes of confcience." 
 But the King was fo bold with him as to fay, " It was the fimpleft anfwer 
 " he ever heard from Dr. Sanderfon ; for no young man was fit to be made a 
 " judge, or write cafes of confcience." And let me here take occafion to tell 
 the reader this truth, very fit, but not commonly known; that in one of thefe 
 conferences this confcientious King was told by a faithful and private intel- 
 ligencer, that " if he affented not to the Parliament's propofals, the treaty 
 " 'twixt him and them would break immediately, and his life would then be 
 " in danger; he was fure he knew it." To which his anfwer was, " I have 
 " done what I can to bring my confcience to a compliance with their propo- 
 " fals and cannot; and I will not lofe my confcience to fave my life:" And 
 within a very fhort time after, he told Dr. Sanderfon and Dr. Morley, or 
 one of them that then waited with him, that " the remembrance of two 
 
 3 (^ " errors
 
 450 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " errors did much nffi'iQ. him, which were, his afTent to the Earl of Straf- 
 " ford's death, and the abolifhing Epifcopacy in Scotland ; and that if God 
 " ever reftored him to be in a peaceable poflcHion of his crown, he would 
 " demonftrate his repentance by a public confeflion and voluntary penance 
 " (I think barefoot) from the Tower of London or Whitehall, to St. Paul's 
 " Church, and defire the people to intercede with God for his paidon." 
 I am fure one of them, that told it me, lives ftill, and will witnefs it. And 
 it ought to be obferved, that Dr. Sanderfon's ledlures de yuramento were 
 fo approved and valued by the King, that in this time of his imprifonment 
 and Iblitude he tranflated them into exadl Englifli, defiring Dr. Juxfon" 
 (then Bifhop of London), Dr. Hammond, and Sir Thomas Herbert" (who 
 
 then 
 
 " Let it ever be remembered to the honour of this prelate, whom Charles I. was wont to 
 call " the good man," and whom he declared to be his greatefl comfort, in his mod affliftive 
 lituatlon, that he delivered his fentiments without difguife to the King, on the fubjedi of Lord 
 Strafford's fate, telling him plainly, that *' he ought to do nothing with an unfatisfied con- 
 ** faience, upon any confideration in the world." His charadter is thus beautifully pourtrayed 
 by Sir Henry Wottoii, in a letter to the Queen of Bohemia. " There is in him no tumour, 
 " no fournefs, no difl;ra£Uon of thoughts ; but a guiet mind, a patient care, free accefs, mild 
 " and moderate anfwers. To this I mud add, a folid judgment, a fober plainnefs, and a mod 
 " indubitable charafter of fidelity in his very face ; fo as there needs not much dudy to think 
 "him both a good man and a wife man." ( Reliq.Wottotiiaitte, p. "1,1.) The appointment 
 of this divine to the oflice of Lord High Treafurer of England gave great difgud to the no- 
 bility : But he conducted himfelf fx3 well in the adm.iniftration of it, as to filence all complaint. 
 
 ° The learned perfon who publiflied Obfervations upon his Travels in Europe, Afia, and 
 Africa, under the patronage and at the expenfe of his kinfman, William Earl of Pembroke, he 
 went abroad in 1626, and fpent four years in vifiting Afia and Africa. Upon his return into 
 England, he waited on that nobleman, who having invited him to dinner, the next day, at 
 Baynard's Cadle in London, died fuddenly that night, according to the calculation of his na- 
 tivity, which his father had made feveral years before. Thus difappointed in his expedtationa 
 of promotion, he again went abroad, and travelled over feveral parts of Europe. He afterward 
 joined the Parliament againd Charles L whom he was appointed to attend from the very be- 
 ginning of his imprifonment to the time of his death. He fhewed himfelf a mod faithful fer- 
 vant to the King, whofe real charadler he foon difcovered to be totally different from that 
 wliich had been reprefented to him. In 1660, Charles IL advanced him to the dignity of a 
 J5aronet, by the name of Thomas Herbert of Tinterne, in Monmouthfliire, " for faithfully 
 
 fcrving
 
 I 
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 451 
 
 then attended him in his reftraint) to compare them with the original. The 
 lafl: itill lives, and has declared it, with feme other of that King's excellen- 
 cies, in a letter under his own hand, which was lately Ihewed me by Sir 
 William Dugdale, King at Arms". The tranflation was defigned to be put 
 into the King's Library at St. James's, but, I doubt, not now to be found 
 there. I thought the honour of the author and tranflator to be both fo 
 much concerned in this relation, that it ought not to be concealed from the 
 reader, and it is therefore here inferted. 
 
 I now return to Dr. Sanderfon in the chair at Oxford, where they that 
 complied not in taking the covenant, negative oath, and Parliament ordi- 
 nance for church-difcipline and worfhip, were under a fad and daily appre- 
 henfion of expuKion ; for the vilitors were daily expe£ted, and both city 
 and un'verhty full of foldiers, and a party of Prefbyterian divines, that were 
 as greedy and ready to poflefs, as the ignorant and ill-natured vifitors were 
 to ejedl the Diflencers out of their colleges and livelihoods'' : But, notwith- 
 ftanding, Dr. Sanderfon did itill continue to read his letSlure, and did, to the 
 very faces of thofe Prefbyterian divines and foldiers, read with fo much 
 rcafon, and, with a calm fortitude, make fuch applications, as, if they were 
 not, they ought to have been afliamed, and begged pardon of God and him, 
 and forborn to do what followed. But thefe thriving fmners were hardened ; 
 
 3 Qj2 and 
 
 " ferving his royal fatlier, during the two lafl: years of his life.". In 1678 he publiflied 
 
 " Thvenodia Carolina; containing Memoirs of the two iaft Years of the Reign of King 
 Charles I." A work much commended for the candour, impartiality, and truth, with which it 
 is compofed. He aflilled Sir William Dugdale in compiling the third volume of his " Mo- 
 nafticon Anglicanum ;" and died atYork, his native place, in 1682, leaving feveral MSS. to the 
 public library at Oxford, and others to that of the Cathedral at York. 
 
 Charles I. who always entertained the moll finccrc afFeclion for this his upright and faithful 
 fervant, gave him many of his books a little before Iiis death. There is extant a copy of 
 Shakfpeare's Works, fol. 1632, in which is the King's writing, in thefc words, " Dum fpiro 
 " fpero. C. R." And by Mr. Herbert's hand, " Ex dono ferertijjimi Regis Car. fervo fuo humi- 
 " lif T. Her iert." 
 
 ° The Life of this eminentantiquary, written by himfelf, is prefixed to the fecond edition 
 of his " Hiftory of St. Paul's Cathedral." 
 
 p See a full account of this vifitation in " Walker's Hiftory of the Sufferings of the Clergy," 
 P. I. p.I22, &c.
 
 452 THE LIFE OF 
 
 and as the vifitors expelled the orthodox, they, without fcruple or Ihame, 
 pofleffed themfelves immediately of their colleges ; fo that, with the reft. Dr. 
 Sanderfon was (in June 1648") forced to pack up and be gone, and thank 
 God he was not imptifoned, as Dr. Shelden, Dr. Hammond', and others 
 then were. 
 
 I muft now again look back to Oxford, and tell my reader, that the 
 year before this expulfion, when the univerfity had denied this fubfcription, 
 
 and 
 
 ' June 14, 1648. 
 
 A tranfcript of the following order was kindly communicated to me by the Rev. Dr. Shef- 
 field, Provoft of Worcefter College, and Keeper of the Aflimolean Mufeum ; 
 
 " AT THE COMMITTEE OF LORDS AND GOMiyiONS, FOR REFORMATION OF THE UNIVERSITIE 
 
 OF OXON. 
 
 " Whereas the anfweres of Dr. Fell, Deane of Chrifl-church, and others, the Prebendaries 
 " of Chrifl-church in Oxford, refufinge to fubmitt to the authoritie of Parliament for vifitinge 
 " the faid univerfitie, were referred to this Committee, by fpeciall order of both Houfes of 
 " Parliament, to hear, and determine, and to apply efFeftual remedies as the cafes fliould re- 
 " quire : Upon full hearinge and debate of the faid anfweres, it was refolvcd, that the matter 
 " hereof was an high contempt, and denyale of authoritie of Parliament ; and further refolved, 
 " that Dr. Sanderfon was guilty hereof; and that, for an effectual remedy, the faid Dr. San- 
 •' derfon be removed from his place of Prebendary of Chrifl-church, and Regius Profeflbr 
 *' of the univerfitie of Oxford : And whereas, upon further confideration, this Committee 
 " thought fitt, and ordered, that their former vote fliould be fufpended, in hope of his fub- 
 " miflion to the authoritie, and conformity to the orders and ordinances of Parliament, for 
 *' the reformation of the univerfitie : Now upon hearinge the report of the vifitors (which is), 
 ** That the faid Dr. Sanderfon hath not, all this while, given any fatisfai£lorie teflimony of 
 " his fubmiffion ; it is therefore ordered, That the lafl vote of the Committee concerning the 
 " fufpenfion of the faid Dr. Sanderfon be taken off, and revoked ; and the former vote con- 
 " cerriing his removall doe fland and be confirmed. 
 
 " CAT. Mss. ANGL. n". 3736. FRANC. ROUS." 
 
 ' During his confinement at this time. Dr. Hammond began his excellent " Paraphrafe, and 
 Annotations on the New Teflament." — When Dr. Sanderfon was ejcfted from the divinity 
 chair, he was fucceeded by Dr. Robert CrofTe, Fellow of Lincoln College, who, at the end 
 of three months, refigned it. The regulators of the univerfity then appointed Dr. Jofhua 
 Hoyle, on whom they had conferred the Maflerfhip of Univerfity College. How this ho- 
 nourable oflice was filled, Anthony Wood has informed us : " Profeflbris regii munus obire 
 " coepit D. Hoyle oratione plane plumbea, et eruditionis omnimodac; prorfus eatpevte."
 
 ^ ROBERT SANDERSON. 453 
 
 and apprehended the danger of that vifitation which followed, they fent Dr. 
 Morley, then Canon of Chrift-church (now Lord Bifhop of Winchefter), 
 and others, to petition the Parliament for recalling the injunction, or a mi- 
 tigation of it, or to accept of their reafons why they could not take the 
 oaths enjoined them ; and the petition was by Parliament referred to a 
 Committee to hear and report the reafons to the Houfe, and a day fet for 
 hearing them. This done. Dr. Morley and the reft went to inform and 
 fee counfel, to plead their caufe on the day appointed : but there had been 
 fo many committed for pleading, that none durft be fo bold as to undertake 
 it cordially : For at this time the privileges of that part of the Parliament 
 then fitting were become a Noli me iangere; as facred and ufeful to them 
 as traditions ever were, or are now, to the Church of Rome ; their number 
 muft never be known, and therefore not without danger to be meddled with. 
 For which reafon Dr. Morley was forced for want of counfel, to plead the 
 univerfity's reafons for not-compliance with the Parliament's injunctions ; 
 and though this was done with great reafon, and a boldnefs equal to the 
 juftice of his caufe, yet the efFe£t of it was, but that he and the reft appear- 
 ing with him were fo fortunate as to return to Oxford without commit- 
 ment. This was fome few days before the vifitors and more foldiers were 
 lent down to drive the Diflenters out of the univerfity. And one that was, 
 at this time of Dr. Morley's pleading, a powerful man in the Parliament, 
 and of that Committee, obferving Dr. Morley's behaviour and reafon, and 
 inquiring of him, and hearing a good report of his principles in religion, 
 and of his morals, was therefore willing to afford him a peculiar favour; 
 and that he might exprefs it, fent for me that relate this ftory, and knew 
 Dr. Morley well, and told me, " he had fuch a love for Dr. Morley, that 
 *' knowing he would not take the oaths, and muft therefore be cjcdted his 
 *' college, and leave Oxford ; he defired I would therefore write to him to 
 " ride out of Oxford when the vifitors came into it, and not return till they 
 " left it, and he ftiould be fure then to return in fafety ; and that by fo 
 *' doing he fhould, without taking any oath, or other moleftatlon, enjoy 
 " his canon's place in the college." I did receive this intended kindnefs 
 with a fuddcn gladnefs, becaufe I was {\:irc the party had a power to do 
 what he profefled, and as fure he meant to perform it, and did therefore 
 
 write
 
 454 THE LIFE OF 
 
 write the dodlor word ; to whicli his anfwer was, " that I mufl: not fail to 
 " return my friend (who ftill lives) his humble and undiflemblcd thanks, 
 " though he could not accept of his intended kindncfs ; for when Dr. Fell 
 *' (then the dean) Dr. Gardner, Dr. Paine, Dr. Hammond, Dr. Sanderfon, 
 " and all the reft of the college were turned out, except Dr. Wall, he Ihoukl 
 " take it to be, if not a fin, yet a ihame, to be left behind with him only'. 
 Dr. Wall I knew, and will fpeak nothing of him, for he is dead. 
 
 It may be eafily imagined with what a joyful willingnefs thefe felf-loving 
 reformers took poffeffion of all vacant preferments, and with what re- 
 luctance others parted with their beloved colleges and fubfiftence : but their 
 confciences were dearer than both, and out they went ; the reformers pof- 
 feffing them without ftiame or fcruple, where I will leave thefe fcruple- 
 mongers, and proceed to make an account of the then prefent affairs of 
 London, to be the next employment of my reader's patience. 
 
 And in London all the biihops' houfes were turned to be prifons, and they 
 filled with divines that would not take the covenant, or forbear reading- 
 common-prayer, or that were accufed for fome faults like thefe'. For it 
 
 may 
 
 ' They were all, except Dr. Wall, eje(^ed in 1647. ^^- Samuel Fell died of grief, the day- 
 he was made acquainted with the murder of Charles I. viz. on Feb. i, 1648-9. Dr. Gardner, 
 Canon of the third ftall, lived to be reftored, and died in 1670. Dr. Paine, Canon of the 
 fourth ftall, died during the rebellion. Dr. Hammond, Sub-dean and Canon of the fecond 
 ftall, died in 1660. As for Dr. "Wall, Canon of the feventh ftall, he conformed no doubt to 
 the meafures of the vifitors. He died pofleiTed of it in 1666. — Wood, in his " Ath. Oxon." 
 Vol. II. p. 375, fpeaks of Wall's ingratitude to his college, and of his liberality to the city of 
 Oxford, of which fee " Gutch's Wood's Hiftory," &c. p. 512. 
 
 It appears from a treatife, printed in 1660, entitled, " A Defence of Human Learning in 
 the Miniftry," that Dr. Wall was once domeftic chaplain to Williams, Billiop of Lincoln, 
 whofe family he honoured with his learning and piety, and who gave this honourable cha- 
 rafter of him, that he was the beft read in the Fathers of any he ever knew. He publiflied a 
 Latin fermon preached before the univerfity, on the lirft day of May in that year, under the 
 title of " Solomon in Solio, Chriftus in Ecclefia." 
 
 ' " When all the common jails and compters about town were filled with the principal 
 gentry and clergy of the kingdom, the venerable palaces of the bifhops were converted into 
 prifons. On January the 3d, 1642-3, Lambeth, Ely, and London houfes were ordered to be 
 
 made
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 455 
 
 may be noted, that about this time the Parliament fent out a proclamation 
 to encourage all laymen that had occafion to complain of their minifters, 
 for being troublefome or fcandalons, or that conformed not to orders of 
 Parliament, to make their complaint to a feledl Committee for that purpofe; 
 and the minifter, though one hundred miles from London, was to appear 
 there and give fatisfadtion, or be fequeftered; and you may be fure no pa- 
 rifli could want a covetous, or malicious, or crofs-grained complainant: by 
 which means all prifons in London, and in many other places, became the 
 fad habitations of conforming divines. 
 
 And about this time the Bifhop of Canterbury having been by an un- 
 known law condemned to die, and the execution fufpended for fome days, 
 many citizens, fearing time and cool thoughts might procure his pardon, 
 became fo malicioully impudent as to fliut up their (hops, profeffing not 
 to open them till juftice was executed. This malice and madnefs is fcarce 
 credible, but I faw it. 
 
 The biftiops had been about this time voted out of the Houfe of Parlia- 
 ment, and fome upon that occalion fent to the Tower", which made many 
 
 Cove- 
 made prifons, and Dr. Alexander Leighton was appointed keeper to the firfl of them. The 
 fame was done, four days after, by the Bidiop of Lincohi's houfe. And the Bifliap of Win- 
 chefter's houfe, in Southwark, was appHed to the fame purpofe. And when all thefe, capa- 
 cious as they were, could not contain the prifoners, the deanery of St. Paul's was made a pri- 
 
 fon." (Walker's Sufferings, isfc.) " When the legal or orthodox clergy were thus put 
 
 under confinement, fome, to the number of twenty, were imprifoned on board of fhips in the 
 Thames, and fhut down under decks, no friend being fuffered to come to them." (Dr. Richard 
 Grey's mife ruble and diJlraEled State of Religion in England, upon the Downfall of the Church Efia- 
 hlijhment,p. 17.) 
 
 " The bifliops being declared incapable of fitting in tlie Houfe of Peers prcfented a pro- 
 telUng petition, maintaining their indubitable right of fitting and voting in that Houfe, and 
 exprefiing their willingnefs and readinefs to perform their duties there, if they could obtain 
 protection from force and violence. This a£l was conftrued into high trcafon, and the twelve 
 bilhops, who fubfcribed the petition and proteflation, were ordered to be committed to the 
 Tower. Thefe were Williams, Archbilhop of York; Morton, Bifliop of Durham; Wright, 
 of Litchfield; Hall, of Norwich ; Owen, of St. Afaph ; Piers, of Bath and Wells; Coox, 
 of Hereford; Skinner, of Oxford; Wren, of Ely; Goodman, of Clouccftcr; Towers, of 
 Peterborougli ; and Owen, of Landaff. The Bifhops of Durham and Litchfield, in confidera- 
 tjon of their great age and ill health, were configncd to the care of the gentleman uflier.
 
 456 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Covenanters rejoice, and moft of them to believe Mr. Brightman" (who pro- 
 bably WiLS a well-meaning man) to be inipired when he writ his " Com- 
 ment on the Apocalypfe ;" a fhort abridgment of which was now printed, 
 cried up and down the ftreets, and called '' Mr. Brightman's Revelation of 
 the Revelation," and both bought up and believed by all the Covenanters : 
 •And though he was grofsly miftaken in other things, yet becaufe he had 
 there made the churches of Geneva and Scotland, which had no bifliops, 
 to be Philadelphia'' in the Apocalypfe, " that angel that God loved ;" and 
 
 the 
 
 ' Mr. Thomas Brightman, born at Nottingham, and educated at Queen's College in Cam- 
 bridge, was Reftor of Hawnes in Bedfordlhire. He was the author of *< The Revelation of 
 St- John illuftrated, with an Analyfis and Scholions," &c. and of " A moft comfortable Ex- 
 pofitlon of the laft and moft difficult Part of the Prophecie of Daniel, from the 26th Verfe of 
 the nth Chapter, to the end of the 12th Chapter," written originally in Latin. He alfo 
 compofed a Latin Commentary on the Canticles, or Song of Solomon, which his warm ima- 
 gination prompted him to confider as a prophetic defcription of the ftate of the Church from 
 King David's time to after the year 1550. He fhews hlmfelf upon all occafions a moft inve- 
 terate enemy of Epifcopacy. The tranflator of the two laft Works thus charafterifes him : — 
 " He was indeed one of a thoufand, great and gracious many ways, both in life and learning, 
 '• diim ea dociiit qtut fecit, et ea fecit qua docuit, et verba vertebat in opera. He taught in that he 
 " did praftife, did pra£life that he taught, and fo turned words into works. He was a great 
 " artift, and a great linguift. He had good ikill in all arts and tongues needful for a com- 
 " plete divine, even in fong alfo, vocal mufic being the beft, till his more weighty ftudies called 
 " him from the Maidens to Divinity, their miftrefs, wherein he excelled and fliined above 
 " many of his fellows : all that then lived with him in Queen's College in Cambridge, whereof 
 " he was a fellow, do very well know. He Ihined every way, and was a Bright-man indeed 
 " in his life ; fhining to all that heard his learned catechifing, and common places, and lec- 
 " tures in the college, or his fermons in the country, in Bedfordfhire. He is faid to have al- 
 " ways prayed for a fudden death. His prayer was granted. As he was reading a book, and 
 ** travelling in a coach with his friend and patron. Sir John Oftsorn, he was feized with a 
 " fainting fit, and being taken out of the carriage for the benefit of the air, he inftantly ex- 
 " pired, Aug. 24, 1607." 
 
 Mr. Thomas Cartwright, the noted Puritan, in allufion to the name of Mr. Brightman, con- 
 fiders him as full of illumination as " a bright ftar in the church of God." Though no fa- 
 vourable opinion can be entertained of his writings, yet the acknowledged innocence of his life 
 and converfation entitles him to every encomium. 
 
 * " The Antytipe thereof is the fecond reformed church, which fliould fpring up after that 
 " of Germany. And this is the Church of Helvetia, Suavia, Geneva, France, Holland, Scot- 
 land,
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 457 
 
 the power of PreUcy to be Antichrift, the evil angel, v/hich the Hoiife 
 of Commons had now fo fpued up, as never to recover their dignity : — 
 Therefore did thofe Covenanters rejoice, approve, and applaud Mr. Bright- 
 man, for difcovering and foretelling the bifliops' downfal ; fo that they 
 both railed at them, and at the fame time rejoiced. to buy good penny- 
 worths of all their land, which their friends of the Houfe of Commons 
 did afford both to thcmfclves and them, as a reward for their zeal and dili- 
 gent afTiftance to pull them down\ 
 
 3 R And 
 
 *' land. I joyn all thefe together into one church, becaufc they dmofl; live by one and the 
 " fame lawcs and manner of government, as touchmg any matter of moment. Neither doth 
 " the diftance of place breake offe that fociety, which the conjoining of mindes and good will 
 " coupleth together. Yea, this difperfing doth chiefly agree to the Philadelphians, whom 
 " we faid to dwell more thickly in the fields than in the city. Whereby it cometh to pafs, 
 " that this barenefs of the citizens taketh up a great deal of place, though the citizens be not 
 " fo many. We fliall find, that this church I fpeak of arofe up after that of Germany, when 
 " Ulrick Zuinglius began to teach, at Zuirich, among the Zuizers, anno 15 19. And the Re- 
 *' formation was begun the fourth year after, that is 1523." (Brightman en the Revelaihn, 
 p. 109.) 
 
 " Laodicea, the feventh city, wantcth a parallel to match her, as being a peerlefs paragon. 
 *< The counterpain of the third reformed church, which before that I do by nane fpecifie, I 
 " muft put away from me, by all earned intreaty, the unjuft fufpicion which fome men may 
 " raife againll me, and the offence which they may take at my words. It was not truly any 
 " dlftempered affeiHiion of my heart, that hath fet me on work to feek out an odious applica- 
 " tion of this epiftle. God is my witnefs, that I am not grieved through cn\'y either at the 
 
 " wealth or yet at the honour of any man. Wherefore let no man blame me for fpeaking 
 
 " that which not fo much my own mind, as the duty of a faithful interpreter, conftraineth 
 " me to utter. And I hope that thofe, who love the truth, will not difdain and rejeft fo 
 "equal a petition, on which hope relying, and chiefly on his help, who is the guide of my 
 " way and my life, I will forthwith addrefs myfelf to come to the matter. The counterpain, 
 *' I fay, of Laodicea is tlie third reformed church, ooR church of England." (Ibid. p. 123, 
 
 124.) 
 
 <• Their great admired opener of the Revelation (Brightman on Apoc. c. 3.), maketh our 
 " church the linfey-wolfey Laodicean church, neither hot nor cold." (Dr. Sandtijons Str- 
 moii on Rom. xiv. 3.) 
 
 V The noted Hugh Peters, in an epiftle to the reader prefixed to a beck entitled " Church 
 Government, and Church Covenant difcufled, 1643," was bold to fay, Frefljytery and Inde- 
 pendency are the ways of worfliip and church-fellowfliip now looked at, fince we hope E^ij- 
 (Opacy is coffined up, and "will be buried luithout expedation of another reJurreliKn.
 
 453 THE LIFE OF 
 
 And the biftiops' power being now vacated, the common people were 
 made fo happy, as that every parifh might choofe their own minifter, and 
 tell him when he did and when he did not preach true doctrine ; and by 
 this, and the like means, fcveral churches had feveral teachers, that prayed 
 and preached for and againft one another ; and engaged their hearers to 
 contend furioufly for truths which they underftood not ; fome of which 
 1 fliall mention in v/hat will follow''. 
 
 I have heard of two men that in their difcourfe undertook to give a cha- 
 racter of a third perfon ; and one concluded he was a very honeft man, 
 for he "was beholden to him; and the other that he was not, ^or he was not be- 
 holden to him. And fomething like this was in the defigns both of the Co- 
 venanters and Independents, the laft of which were now grown both as 
 numerous and as powerful as the former : for though they differed much 
 in many principles, and preached againft each other, one making it a fign 
 of being in the ftate of grace if we wei-e but zealous for the covenant, and 
 the other not : for we ought to buy and fell by a meafure, and to allow the 
 fame liberty of confcience to others, which we by Scripture claim to our- 
 felves ; and therefore not to force any to fwear to the covenant contrary to 
 their confciences, and probably Icfe both their livings and liberties too. But 
 though thefe differed thus in their conclufions, yet they both agreed in their 
 practice to preach down common prayer, and get into the beft fequeftered 
 
 livings ; 
 
 ^ This dreadful flate of things feems, in fome meafure, to have been predifted by Sir Wal- 
 ter Raleigh, who, obferving the vaft increafe of feparatifts and fe£laries, remarks, " That all 
 •' coft and care beflowed and had of the church, wherein God is to be ferved and worfhippcd, 
 " was accounted by thofe people a kind of Popery, fo that time would foon bring it to pafs, 
 " if it were not refifted, that God would be turned out of churches into barns ; and from 
 " thence again into the fields, and mountains, and under hedges; and the ofEces of the mi- 
 *' niflry, robbed of all dignity and refpeft, be as contemptible as thofe places : all order, dif- 
 ♦* cipline, and church-government left to newnefs of opinion and men's fancies : yea, and 
 " foon after as many kinds of religion fpring up, as there are parifh churches in England; 
 " every contentious and ignorant perfon clothing his fancy with the fpirit of God, and his 
 " imagination with the gift of revelation : infomuch as when the truth, which is but one, 
 *' (hall appear to the fimple multitude no lefs variable than contrary to itfelf, the faith of men 
 " will foon die away by degrees ; and all religion be held in fcorn and contempt." ( Hiftoyy 
 of the World, B. II. r. 5.)
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 459 
 
 livings ; and whatever became of tlie true owners, their wives and chil- 
 dren, yet to continue in them without the leaft fcruple of ccnfcience. 
 
 They alfo made other flrange obfervations of eledlion, reprobation, and 
 free-will, and the other points dependent upon thefe ; fuch as the wifeft of 
 the common people were not fit to judge of: I am fure 1 am not, though I 
 muft mention fome of them hiftorically in a more proper place, when I have 
 brought my reader with me to Dr. Sanderfon at Boothby Pannell. 
 
 And in the way thither I mud tell him, that a very Covenanter, and a 
 Scot too, that came into England with this unhappy covenapt,"was got into 
 a good fequeftered living by the help of a Prefbytcrian parifti, which had 
 got the true owner out. And this Scotch Prefbytcrian, being well fettled 
 in this good living, began to reform the churchyard, by cutting down a 
 large ewe tree, and fome other trees that were an ornament to the place, 
 and very often a fhelter to the pariihioners : and they, excepting againft him 
 lor fo doing, were by him anfwered, " That the trees were his, and it was 
 ■" lawful for every man to ufe his own as he, and not as others, thought fit." 
 I have heard (but do not affirm it) that no a£tion lies againft him that is fo 
 wicked as to fteal the winding-lheet from off a dead body after it is buried; 
 and have heard the reafon to be, becaufe none were fuppofed to be fo void 
 of humanity ; and that fuch a law would vilify that nation that would but 
 fuppofe fo vile a man to be born in it' : I fpeak this becaufe I would not 
 fuppofe any man to do what this Covenanter did : And whether there were 
 any law againft him I know not, but pity the parilh the lefs for turning out 
 their legal minifter. 
 
 We have now overtaken Dr. Sanderfon at Boothby Pannell, where he 
 hoped to have enjoyed himfelf, though in a poor, yet in a quiet and defired 
 privacy ; but it proved otherwife : For all corners of the nation were filled 
 with Covenanters, confufion, committee-men, and foldiers, defacing monu- 
 ments, breaking painted glafs windows, and ferving each other to their 
 feveral ends, of revenge, or power, or profit"' ; and thefe committee-men 
 
 3 R 2 and 
 
 * But fee " Burn's Ecclefiaflical Law," Vol. I. p. 364. 
 
 " " After the military (laiulard was ere£led, thefe profane outrages were greatly incrcafed 
 " Some {lately religious fabrics were totally demoliflied ; many were converted into ftables, 
 
 "or
 
 4Co THE LIFE OF 
 
 and fokiiers were mofl: of them fo poflelTed with this covenant, that they 
 became like thofe that were infe<rted with that dreadful plague of Athens ; 
 the plague of which plague was, that they by it became malicioufly reftlefs 
 to get into company, and to joy (fo the hiftorian Thucydides faith) when 
 they had infected others, even thofe of their moft beloved or nearcft friends 
 or relations ; and fo though there might be fome of thefe Covenanters that 
 were beguiled and meant well ; yet fuch were the generality of them, and 
 temper of the times, that you may be fure Dr. Sanderfon, who though quiet 
 and harmlcfs, yet was an eminent diflenter from them, could therefore not 
 live peaceably j nor did he ; for the fokiiers would appear and viiibly op- 
 pofe and difturb him in the church when he read prayers, fome of them 
 pretending to advife him how God was to be fervcd more acceptably, which 
 he not approving, but continuing to obferve order and decent behaviour in 
 reading the church-fervice, they forced his book from him, and tore it, ex- 
 pelling extemporary prayers". 
 
 At 
 
 " or polluted and profaned by other fliocking abominations. Their beautiful fculptures, 
 " though only containing Scripture-hiftorics, were abfurdly brokgn down with axes and ham- 
 " mcrs ; their monuments erecled to illuftrious and venerable perfonages were defaced ; tlie 
 " very urns, in which their afhes had been depofited, were ranfacked ; and their confccrated 
 " utenfils were expofed to rapine and plunder. Crofles, whether graved or delineated, whe- 
 " ther in churches or out of them, were peculiar objedts of enthufiaftic averfion. Nor lefs 
 " was their rage levelled againft painted glafs, containing in it either portraitures of prelates 
 " and kings, of fathers and martyrs, of our Saviour and his apoftles, or reprefentations of 
 " Scripture-hiftories. The pious captive fovereign, amidfl all his calamities, could not forbear 
 " taking notice of this breaking of church windows, this pulling down of croffes, this de- 
 " facing of the monuments and infcriptions of the dead, &c. as the malignant efFecHiS of po- 
 " pular, fpecious, and deceitful reformations. Eixtj» /Jacr. c. 20." {Tie Ornaments of Churches 
 conftdered, isfc, p. 116.) 
 
 ' Of fuch infolence of behaviour numberlefs inftances are recorded. " Dr. Layton, one of 
 •' the fanatical preachers of that time, brought in a guard of foldiers together with their arms, 
 " into Lambeth church, in the time of divine fervice, tore the Book of Common Prayer in 
 " pieces, pulled the furplice from the minifter's back, and fcoffing at the good people, who 
 " were at their devotions, faid ' Make an end of your pottage ;' and the foldiers following him 
 '' to the communion-table, with tobacco-pipes in their mouths, and committing divers out- 
 " rages to thegreat terror of the congregation." (Dugdak's Short View, ^c>p. 566.) 
 
 " Sunday
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 461 
 
 At this time he was advifed by a Parliament-man of power and note, that 
 loved and valued him much, not to be ftrid in reading all the common- 
 prayer, but make fome little variation, efpecially if the foldiers came to 
 watch him ; for if he did, it might not be in the power of him and his 
 other friends to fecure him from taking the covenant, or fequeftration ; 
 for which reafons he did vary fomewhat from the ftrid rules of the rubric^ 
 
 I will 
 
 " Sunday pth of September, 1649, at the church of St. retcr's-Paul's-Wharf, Mafter 
 " Williams reading morning fervicc out of the Book of Common Prayer, and having prayed 
 " for the Kijig, as in that Liturgy eftabliflied by adl of Parliament he is enjoined, fix fol- 
 " diers from St. Paul's Church, where they quarter, came into the churchjcommanding him 
 " to come down out of the pulpit, which he immediately did, and went quietly with them 
 " into the veftry; when prefently a party of horfe from St. Paul's rode into the church, with 
 " fwords drawn and piftols fpanned, crying out, • Knock the rogues on the head ; (hoot them 
 " ' and kill them ;' and prefently fliot at random at the crowd of unarmed men, women, and 
 " children, and carried away the minifter aprifoncr to Whitehall." (Walker's Hijlory cf In- 
 dfpendencyy Part II. j>. 254.) 
 
 ** This mode was adopted by many of the clcrg)^, who were deterred from opeiJy ufing the 
 liturgy of the Church of England. It is related of Dr. Rainbow, afterward Bifliop of Car- 
 lille, that though he could not ufe the Englifli liturgy, yet he introduced fome of thofc excel- 
 lent prayers of which it is compofed, and that not only in his private family ; but he alfo 
 compofed fuch prayers as he ufed in the church out of thofe in tf-e liturgy ; and fo gradu- 
 ally brought the ignorant people to afFcdt the common prayers a little transformed and al- 
 tered, M'ho difliked the common prayer book itfelf, they knew not why. 
 
 " The iniquity of the times would not bear the conftant and regular ufe of the liturgy : To 
 " fupply therefore that neceffity, Mr. Bull formed all the devotions, he offered up in public, 
 " out of the Book of Common Prayer, whicli did not fail to fupply him with fit matter and 
 " proper words, upon all thofe occafions that required him to apply to the throne of grace 
 " for a fupply of the wants of his people. He hadthe example of one of the brighteil lights 
 " of that age, the judicious Dr. Sanderfon, to juftify him in this pra(5\ice ; and his manner of 
 " performing the public fcrvice was with fo much fcrioufnefs and devotion, with fo mucli fer- 
 " vency and ardency of afFeflion, and with fo powerful an emphafis in every part, tint they, 
 " who were molt prejudiced againft the liturgy, did not fcruplc to commend Mr. Bull, as a 
 " perfon that prayed by the Spirit ; though, at the fame time, they railed .igainlt the common 
 " prayer, as a beggarly element, and as a carnal performance." (Mr. Ne/fon's Lift of Dr. 
 
 George Bull, p. 39.) See alfo the method obferved by Dr. John Hacket, in " Granger's 
 
 Eiogr. Ilift.'Vol. III. p. 241,
 
 462 THE LIFE OF 
 
 I will fet down th-s very words of confeflion which he ufed, as I have it un- 
 der his own hand ; and tell the reader, that all his other variations were as 
 little, and very much like to this. 
 
 HIS CONFESSION. 
 
 " O Almighty God and merciful Father, we thy unworthy fervants do 
 " with fliame and forrow confefs that we have all our life long gone aftray out 
 " of thy ways like loft Iheep ; and that by following too much the vain de- 
 '' vices and defires of our own Jieaits, we have grievoufly offended againft 
 " thy holy laws, both in thought, word, and deed ; we have many times left 
 " undone thofe good duties which we might and ought to have done j and 
 " we have many times done thofe evils, when we might have avoided them, 
 " which we ought not to have done. We confefs, O Lord, that there is no 
 *' health at all, nor help in any creature to relieve us ; but all our hope is in 
 " thy mercy ; whofe juftice we have by our fms fo far provoked : have 
 " mercy therefore upon us, O Lord, have mercy upon us miferable of- 
 " fenders ; fpare us, good God, who confefs our faults, that we perifli not ; 
 " but, according to thy gracious promifes declared unto mankind in Chriffc 
 " Jefus our Lord, reftore us upon our true repentance into thy grace and 
 " favoui\ And grant, O moft merciful Father, for his fake, that we hence- 
 " forth ftudy to ferve and pleafe thee by leading a godly, righteous, and 
 " a fober life, to the glory.of thy holy name, and the eternal comfort of 
 " our own fouls, through Jefus Chrift our Lord. Amen" 
 
 In tliefe and other provocations of tearing his fervice-book ; a neighbour 
 came on a Sunday, after the evening fervice was ended, to vifit and con- 
 dole with him for the affront offered by the foldiers. To whom he fpake 
 with a compofed patience, and faid : "God hath reflored me to my delired 
 " privacy, with my v/ife and children, where I hoped to have met with 
 " quietnefs, and it proves not fo ; but I will labour to be pleafed, becaufe 
 *' God, on whom I depend, fees it is not fit for me to be quiet. I praife 
 " him that he hath by his grace prevented me from making fhipwreck of a 
 -" good confcience to maintain me in a place (Dodtor of the Chair) of great 
 
 "" reputation
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 463 
 
 '^ reputation and profit : and though my condition be fuch, that I need the 
 " laft, yet I fubmit ; for God did not fend me into this world to do my own, 
 
 " but fufter his will, and I will obey it." Thus by a fublime depending 
 
 on his wife and powerful, and pitiful Creator, he did cheerfully fubmit to 
 what God had appointed ; ftill juftifying the truth of that doctrine and the 
 rcafon of that difcipllne which he had preached. 
 
 About this time that excellent book of " The King's Meditations in his 
 Solitude" was printed, and made public" : and Dr. Sanderfon was fuch a 
 lover of the author, and fo defirous that not this nation only, but the whole 
 world fhould fee the character of him in that book, and fomething of 
 the caufe for which he and many others then fuffered, that he defigned to 
 turn it into Latin ; but when he Iiad done half of it mofl; excellently, his 
 friend Dr. Earle prevented him, by appearing to have done it, and printed 
 the whole very well before him. 
 
 And about this time his dear and mod intimate friend, the learned Dr. 
 Hammond, came to enjoy a quiet converfation and reft with him for fome 
 days at Boothby Pannell, and did lb. And having formerly perfuaded him 
 totruft his excellent memor}'-, and not read, but try to fpeak a fermon as he 
 had wrote it. Dr. Sanderfon became fo compliant as to promife he would. 
 And to that end, they two went early the Sunday following to a neigh- 
 bouring minifter, and requefted to exchange a fermon, and they did fo. 
 And at Dr. Sanderfon's going into the pulpit, he gave his fermon (which 
 
 was 
 
 ' Dr. Gauden's too luxuriant imagination, which betrayed him into a ranknefs of (tyle in 
 the Afiatic way, is an argument witli Bilhop Burnet, that he was not the author of Etxi> 
 ^asriXixfl, " in whieh there is a noblcnefs and juftnefs of thought, with a greatnefs of ftyle, 
 that made it be looked on as the beft written book in the Englifli language. It has gone 
 through fortj'-feven impreflions, and the number of copies printed is faid to have been forty- 
 eight thoufand. Of this work Bifliop Warburton remarks, " it is fo far from being cer- 
 tain," as Neale in his hiftory pretends, " that it is fpurious, that it is the moft uncertain mat- 
 " ter I ever took the pains to examine. There is rtrong evidence on both fides ; but I think 
 " the ftrongefl and moft unexceptionable is on that which gives it to the King." (Warbur- 
 ton's Works, Vol. VII. p. 920.) 
 
 The controverfy concerning the real author of this performance is difcufled in the " Ge- 
 neral Didionary," Vol. III. p. 359, &c. Vol.X. p.76, and in the " Biographical and Literary 
 Anecdotes of Mr. Bowyer," p. 631.
 
 464 THE LIFE OF 
 
 was a very fhort one) into the hand of Dr. Hammond, intending to preach 
 it as it was wrote ; but before he had preached a third part, Dr. Hammond 
 looking on his fermon as written, obfcrved him to be out, and fo loft as to 
 the matter, efpecially the method, that he alfo became afraid for him ; for 
 it was difcernible to many of that plain auditory : But wlien he had ended 
 this fhort fermon, as they two walked homeward. Dr. Sanderfon faid with 
 much earneftnefs, " Good dodlor, give me my fermon ; and know, that 
 " neither you nor any man living fliall ever perfuade me to preach again 
 " without my books. To which the reply was, " Good dodor, be not 
 " angry ; for if I ever perfuade you to preach again without book, I will 
 " give you leave to burn all the books that I am mafter of ^" 
 
 Part of the occafion of Dr. Hammond's vifit was at this time to difcourfe 
 Dr. Sanderfon about fome opinions, in which, if they did not then, they 
 had doubtlefs differed formerly : It was about thofe knotty points which 
 are, by the learned, called the QuinquarticularControverfy^; of which I lliall 
 proceed, not to give any judgment (I pretend not to that), but fome fliort 
 hiftorical account which fhall follow. 
 
 There had been fnice the unhappy covenant was brought and fo gene- 
 nerally taken in England, a liberty given or taken by many preachers (thofe 
 of London efpecially) to preach and be too pofitive in the points of uni- 
 verfal redemption, predeftination, and thofe other depending upon thefe. 
 Some of which preached, " That all men were, before they came into this 
 " world, fo predeftinated to falvation or damnation, that it was not in their 
 
 "power 
 
 f " It was remarked of Dr. Hammond himfelf, that his memory was ferviceable, but not 
 ofRcious; faithful to things andbufinefs; but unwillingly containing the texture, and pundu- 
 ality of words ; which defe£l he frequently lamented, it being harder with him to get one fep- 
 mon by heart, than to pen twenty." See " Fell's Life of Dr. Hammond," p. 96. 
 
 £ It is fcarce neceflary to obferve, that the Calvinifts and Arminians differed in opinion on 
 I. The eternal decrees. 2. Free-will. 3. Grace and converfion. 4. The extent of Chrift's 
 
 redemption and univerfal grace. And, 5. The perfeverance of the faints -On thefe fub- 
 
 jefts are feveral letters written by Dr. Sanderfon to Dr. Hammond, and printed in the works 
 of the latter. — The angelic Dr. Henry More has, in a letter to a foreigner, exprefled his wifli, . 
 that the quinquarticular points M'ere all reduced to tliis one, " That none fliall be faved with- 
 -*' out fincere obedience."
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 465 
 
 " power to fin fo, as to lofe the firft, nor, by their moft diligent endeavour, 
 " to avoid the latter. Others that it was not fo ; becaufe then God could 
 •' not be faid to grieve for the death of a finner, when he himfelf had 
 " made him fo by an inevitable decree, before he had fo much as a being in 
 " this world ;" aifirming therefore, " that man had fome power left him to 
 " do the will of God, becaufe he was advifed to work out his falvation with 
 " fear and trembling ;" maintaining, " that it is mod certain every man 
 " can do what he can to be faved ; and as certain, that he that does what he 
 " can to be faved fhall never be damned :" And yet many that affirmed 
 this to be a truth would yet confefs, " That that grace, which is but a per- 
 *' fuafive oiFcr, and left to us to receive or refufe, is not that grace which 
 " (hall bring men to heaven." "Which truths, or untruths, or both, be they 
 which they will, did upon thefe or the like occafioas come to be fearched 
 into, and charitably debated betwixt Dr. Sanderfon, Dr. Hammond, and 
 Dr. Pierce (the now reverend Dean of Salifbury), of which I (hall proceed 
 to give fome account, but briefly. 
 
 In the year 1648, the 52 London Minifters (then a fraternity of Sion 
 College in that city) had in a printed declaration afperfed Dr. Hammond 
 moft heinoufly, for that he had in his " Pra6T;ical Catechifm" affirmed, that 
 " our Saviour died for the fms of all mankind"." To juftify which truth, 
 he prefently makes a charitable reply (as it is now printed in his works). 
 After which there were many letters paft betwixt the faid Dr. Hammond, 
 
 3S Dr. 
 
 '' Dr. Sanderfon, on the firft publication of this work, was attacked by Mr. Francis Chey- 
 nel, one of the alTembly of divines, the fame perfon whofc extraordinary treatment of Mr. 
 Chillingworth is related by himfelf, in a trail entitled " Chillingworthi NovilUma." See 
 Cheynel's Life, in " Dr. Johnfon's Works," Vol. XII. p. 190. 
 
 It was ufual with Dr. Hammond, in the fummer feafon, to fpend an hour before evening 
 prayer in catechifing, according to the form of the Church Catechifm, which he rendered 
 fully intelligible to the meaneft capacities by his explanations, which were much the fame ia 
 fubftance with the work which he afterward publiflied, his "Pradtical Catechifm." Though 
 it firft appeared without a name, it prefently met not only with approbation, but with uni- 
 verfal efteem and veneration ; the cavils of Cheynel being not wortli notice, tliough Dr. 
 Hammond condefcended to anfwer them. King Charles I. in his laft inftruflions to his 
 children, recommended this, among other books, as a moft fafe and found guide in religion.
 
 466 THE LIFE OF 
 
 Dr. Sanderfon, and Dr. Pierce, concerning God's grace and decrees. Dr. 
 Sanderfon was with mucii unwillingnefs drawn into this debate; for he de- 
 clared it would prove uneafy to him, who, in his judgment of God's de- 
 crees, differed with Dr. Hammond (whom he reverenced and loved dearly) 
 and would not therefore engage himfelf in a controverfy, of which he could 
 never hope to fee an end: Neverthelefs they did all enter into a charitable 
 difquifition of thefe faid points in feveral letters, to the full fatisfadtion of 
 the learned; thofe betwixt Dr. Sanderfon and Dr. Hammond being nov;- 
 printed in his works; and for what pafled betwixt him and the learned Dr. 
 Pierce, I refer my reader to a letter fent to me and annexed to the end of 
 this relation. 
 
 I think thfe judgment of Dr. Sanderfon was by thefe debates altered from 
 what it was at his entrance into them; for in the year 1632, when his ex- 
 cellent fermons were firft printed in quarto, the reader may on the margin 
 find fome accufation of Arminius for falfe dodtrine; and find, that upon a 
 review and reprinting thofe fermons in folio in the year 1657, that accufa- 
 tion of Arminius is omitted'. And the change of his judgment feems more 
 fully to appear in his faid letter to Dr. Pierce. And let me now tell the 
 reader, which may feem to be perplexed with thefe feveral affirmations of 
 God's decrees before meniioned, that Dr. Hammond, in a poftfcript to the 
 laft letter of his to Dr. Sanderfon, fays " God can reconcile his own contra- 
 " didions, and therefore advifes all men, as the Apoftle does, to ftudy mor- 
 *' tification, and be wife to fobriety." And let me add further, that if thefe 
 52 Minifters of Sion College were the occafion of the debates in thefe 
 letters ; they have, I think, been the occafion of giving an end to the Quin- 
 quarticular Controverfy; for none have fince imdertaken to fay more; but 
 
 feem 
 
 i In the quarto edition, p. 34, is the following marginal remark : " Of late our Englifli Ar- 
 " minlans have got the trick to fetch in within the compafs of this title of Puritans, all ortho- 
 " dox divines, that oppofe againft their Semipelagian fubtleties, of purpofe to make found 
 " truth odious, and their own corrupt novelties more paffible and plaufible." And again, in 
 page 35 : " So Pelagius, from whofc root Popery (in that branch) and Arminianifm fprouted, 
 " was a man as ftrift for life as mod Catholics, yet a mod dangerous and peftilent heretic." 
 In the fubfequent editions in folio, the firft remark is entirely omitted ; and in the fecond quo- 
 tation, the words " and Arminianifm" are wanting.
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 467 
 
 feem to be fo wife, as to be content to be ignorant of the rcfl, till they 
 come to that place, where the fecrets of all hearts fhall be laid open. And 
 let me here tell the reader alfo, that if the reft of mankind would, as Dr. 
 Sanderfon, not conceal their alteration of judgment, but confefs it to the 
 honour of God and themfelves, then our nation would become freer from 
 pertinacious difputes, and fuller of recantations. 
 
 I am not willing to lead my reader to Dr. Hammond and Dr. Sanderfon 
 where we left them together at Boothby PanncU, till I have looked back to 
 the Long Parliament, the Society of Covenanters in Sion College, and thofe 
 others fcattered up and down in London, and given fome account of their 
 proceedings and ufage of the late learned Dr. Laud, then Archbifhop of 
 Canterbury, whofe life feemed to be facrificed, to appeafe the popular fury 
 of that prefent time. And though I will forbear to mention the injuftice of 
 his death, and the barbarous ufage of him, both at his trial and before it ; 
 yet my defire is, that what follows may be noted, becaufe it does now, or 
 may hereafter concern us, that is, to note, that in his laft fad fermon on the 
 fcaflbld at his death, he did (as our bleffed Saviour advifed his difciples) 
 *' Pray for thofe that perfecuted and defpitefully ufed him." And not only 
 pardoned thofe enemies, but paflionately begged of Almighty God that he 
 would alfo pardon them : and befought all the prefent beholders of this 
 fad light, " That they would pardon and pray for him." But though he 
 did all this, yet he feemed to accufe the magiftrates of the city, for not fup- 
 prefling a fort of people whofe malicious and furious zeal had fo far tranf- 
 ported them, and violated all modefty, that though they could not know 
 whether he were juftly or unjuftly condemned, were yet fuffered to go 
 vifibly up and down to gather hands to a petition, " that the Parliament 
 would haften his execution'." And he having declared how unjuftly he 
 
 3 S 2 thought 
 
 " ««The fccond particular," fays Archbiniop Laud, In his laft fpecch, « is concerning this 
 " great and populous city, which God blcfs. Here hath been of late a fafhion taken up to ga- 
 " ther hands, and then go to the great court of this kingdom, the Parliament, and clamour 
 *' for juftice ; as if that great and wife court, before whom the caufes Come which are un- 
 " known to many, could not, or would not, do juftice, but at their appointment. A way 
 " which may endanger many an innocent man, and pluck his blood upon their own heads, 
 
 " and
 
 468 THE LIFE OF 
 
 thought hlmielf to be condemned, and accufed for endeavouring to bring 
 in Popery (for that was one of the accufations for which he died'); he de- 
 clared with fadnefs, " That the feveral feds and divifions then in England 
 " (which he had laboured to prevent) were now like to bring the Pope a 
 " far greater liarvcfi: than he could ever have expeded without them." 
 And faid, " thefe feds and divifions introduce profanenefs under the cloak 
 " of an imaginary religion ;" and, " that we have loft the fubftance of reli- 
 " gion by changing it into opinion ; and that by thefe means, the Church 
 *' of England, which all the Jefults' machinations could not ruin, was 
 " fallen into apparent danger by thofe Covenanters, which were his ac- 
 " cufers." To this purpofe he fpoke at his death ; for which, and more to 
 the fame purpofe, the reader may view his laft fad fermon on the fcafFold. 
 And it is here mentioned, becaufe his dear friend Dr. Sanderfon feems to 
 demonftrate the fame fear of Popery in his two large and remarkable pre- 
 faces before his two volumes of fermons ; and feems alfo with much for- 
 row to fay the fame again in his laft will, made when he was, and appre- 
 hended himfelf to be, very near his death. And thefe Covenanters ought 
 to take notice of it, and to remember, that, by the late wicked war, begun 
 by them. Dr. Sanderfon was ejeded out of the profefTor's chair in Oxford ; 
 and that if he had continued in it (for he lived fourteen years after) both 
 the learned of this and other nations had been made happy by many re- 
 markable cafes of confcience, fo rationally ftated, and fo briefly, fo clearly, 
 and fo convincingly determined, that pofterity might have joyed and 
 boafted, " that Dr. Sanderfon was born in this nation, for the eafe and be- 
 nefit 
 
 " and, perhaps, upon the city's alfo : and this hath been lately pra£lifed againft myfelf, the 
 «' maglftrates (landing ftill, and fuffering them openly to proceed from parifli to parifli, with- 
 " out any check. God forgive the fetters of this (with all my heart I beg it) ; but many wcU- 
 " meaning people are caught by it." 
 
 I Mr. Evelyn informs us, that he was at Rome in the company of divers of the Engllfli 
 fathers, when the news of the Archbifhop's fufferlngs, and a copy of his fermon made upon 
 the fcafFold, came thither. They read the fermon, and commented upon it, with no fmall fa- 
 tisfadlion and contempt, and looked on him as one that was a great enemy to them, and flood 
 in their way ; while one of the blacked crimes imputed to him was his being Popifhly af- 
 feded.
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 469 
 
 " nefit of all the learned that fhall be born after him ;" But this benefit is 
 fo like time part, that they are both irrecoverably loft. 
 
 I fhoulJ now return to Boothby Pannell where we left Dr. Hammond and 
 Dr. Sanderfon together, but neither can now be found there : For the firft 
 was, in his journey to London, and the fecond fcized upon the day after his 
 friend's departure, and carried prifoner to Lincoln, then a garrifon of the 
 Parliament's. For the pretended reafon of v/hich commitment, I fhall 
 give this following account : 
 
 There was one Mr. Clarke (the minifler of Alington, a town not many 
 miles from Boothby Pannell) who was an adlive man for the Parliament 
 and- covenant ; and one that, when Belvoire caftlc (then a garrifon for the 
 Parliament) was taken by a party of the King's foldiers, was taken in it, 
 and made a prifoner of war in Newark (then a garrifon of the King's) ; a 
 man fo ailtivc and ufeful for his party, that they became fo much concerned 
 for his enlargement, that the Committee of Lincoln fent a troop of horfe 
 to feize and bring Dr. Sanderfon a prifoner to that gamfon ; and they did 
 fo. And there he had the happinefs to meet with many that knew him fo 
 well as to reverence and treat him kindly ; but told him, " he mufl conti- 
 " nue their prifoner, till he fnould purchafc his own enlargement by pro- 
 " curing an exchange for Mr. Clarke, then prifoner in the King's garrifon 
 " of Newark." There were many reafons given by the dodor of the in- 
 juflice of his imprifonment, and the inequality of the exchange, but all 
 were ineffedtual : For done it muft be, or he continue a prifoner. And in 
 time done it was, upon the following conditions: 
 
 Firft, that Dr. Sanderfon and Mr. Clarke being exchanged fhould live 
 undifturbed at their own parifhes ; and if cither were injured by the fol- 
 diers of the contrary party, the other, having notice of it, fhould procure 
 him a redrefs, by having fatisfa£lion made for his lofs, or for any other in- 
 jury ; or if not, he to be ufed in the fame kind by the ether party. Never- 
 ihelefs Dr. Sanderfon could neither live fafe, nor quietly, being fevcral times 
 plundered and once wounded in three places ; but he, apprehending the 
 remedy might turn to a more intolerable burden by impatience or com- 
 plaining, forbore both : and poffefTed his foul in a contented quietnefs, 
 without the leaft repining. But though he could not enjoy the fafety he 
 
 expeded
 
 470 THE LIFE OF 
 
 expe£ted by this exchange, yet by his providence that can bring good out 
 of evil, it turned fo much to his advantage, that whereas his living had been 
 fequeftcred from the year 1644, and continued to be fo till this time of his 
 imprifonment, he, by the articles of war in this exchange for Mr. Clarke, 
 procured his fcqueftration to be recalled, and by that means enjoyed a poor 
 but more contented fubfiilence for himfelf, his wufe, and children, till the 
 happy reftoration of our King and Church. 
 
 In this time of his poor but contented privacy of life, his cafuiftical 
 lear'aing, peaceful moderation, and fincerity became fo remarkable, that 
 there were many that applied themfelves to him for refolution in per- 
 plexed cafes of confcience ; fome known to him and many not ; lome re- 
 quiring iiitisfadion by conference, others by letters ; fo many, that his life 
 became almofl as reftlefs as their minds ; yet, as St. Paul accounted himfelf 
 " a debtor to all men," fo he, for he denied none. And if it be a truth 
 which holy Air. Herbert fays, " that all wordly joys feeni lefs, when com- 
 " pared with fliewing mercy, or doing kindneflbsj" then doubtlcfs this 
 "Barnabas, this fon of confolation, Dr. Sanderfon, might have boafted 
 for relieving fo many reftlefs and wounded confciences ; which, as 
 Solomon fays, " are a burden that none can bear," though their fortitude 
 may fuftain their other calamities ; and if words cannot exprefs the joy 
 of a confcience relieved from fuch reftlefs agonies ; then Dr. Sanderfon 
 might rejoice, that fo many were by him fo clearly and confcientioufly fa- 
 tisfied ; and would often praife God for that ability, and as often for the 
 occafion ; and that " God had inclined his heart to do it, to the meaneft of 
 - " any of thofe poor, but precious fouls, for which his Saviour vouchfafed to 
 " be crucified." 
 
 Some of thofe very many cafes that were refolved by letters have been 
 preferved and printed for the benefit of pofterity ; as namely : ■ 
 
 I. Of the Sabbath. 5. Of fcandal. 
 
 2. Marrying with a Recufant. 
 
 3. Of unlawful love. 
 
 4. Of a military life. 
 
 6. Of a bond taken in the King's name 
 
 7. Of the engagement. 
 
 8. Of a ra(h vow. 
 
 But many more remain in private hands, of which one is of. Simony ; 
 and I wifh the world might fee it, that it might undeceive fo many mif- 
 
 taken
 
 ROBERT SANDERSOM. 471 
 
 taken patrons, who think they have difcharged that great and dangerous 
 truft, both to God and man if they take no money for a living, though it 
 may be parted with for other ends lefs juftifiable, which I forbear to 
 name. , 
 
 And in this time of his retirement, when the common people were 
 amazed and grown reftlefs and giddy by the many falfehoods, and mifap-' 
 plications of truths frequently vented in fermons, when they wrefted the 
 fcripture by challenging God to be of their party, and called upon him in 
 their prayers to patronize their facrilege and zealous phrenzies in this time", 
 he did fo compaflionate the generality of this mifled nation, that though 
 the times threatened fuch an undertaking with danger; yet he then hazarded 
 his fafety by writing the large and bold preface now extant before his laft 
 20 fermons, (lirft printed in the dangerous year 1655), ^^ which there was 
 fuch ftrength of reafon, with fo powerful and clear convincing applications 
 made to the Non-conformifls, as being read by one of thofe diflcnting bre- 
 thren, who was poflcffcd of a good fequeflered living, and with it fuch a fplrit 
 of covetoufnefs and contradidlion, as being neither able to defend his error, 
 nor yield to truth manifefted (his confcience having flept long and quietly 
 in that living) was yet at the reading of it fo awakened, (for there is a di- 
 vine power in reafon) that after a conflidt with the reafon he had met, and the 
 damage he was ftill to fuftain, if he confented to it, and being ftill unwilling 
 to be fo convinced, as to lofe by being over-reafoned, he went in hafte to the 
 bookfeller of whom it was bought, threatened him, and told him in angf^r, 
 " he had fold a book in which there was falfe divinity; and that the preface 
 " had upbraided the Parliament, and many godly minifters of that party for 
 
 " unjufl 
 
 " Of the impious and infolent familiarity, with which the preachers cf thefe times aJdrcficd 
 the Supreme Being, too many proofs are extant. 
 
 One of thcfe preachers thus boldly expollulates. " O Lord, when wilt thou take a chair, 
 " and fit among the Houfe of Peers ? And when, O God, wlicn, I fay, wilt thou vote among 
 " the honourable Houfe of Commons, who are fo zealous of thine honour ?" Again, " Lord, 
 " thou haft faid, that he is worfe than an Infidel, that provides not for his own family. — 
 " Give us not reafon to fay this of thee, Lord ; for we arc of thine own family, and yet have 
 " been fcurvily provided for of a long time." S:e many other inflances in " Scotch Prefby- 
 terlan Eloquence."
 
 472 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " unjuft dealing." To which his reply was, ('twas Tim. Garthwaite") that 
 " 'twas net his trade to judge of true or falfe divinity, but to print and fell 
 " books; and yet if he, or any friend of his, would write an anfwer to it, 
 " and own it by fettlng his name to it, he would print the anfwer, and pro- 
 " mote the felling of it." 
 
 About the time of his printing this excellent preface, I met him acci- 
 dentally in London, in fad-coloured clothes, and God knows, far from being 
 coftly: The place of our meeting was near to Little Britain, where he had 
 been to buy a book, which he then had in his hand : We had no inclination 
 to part prefently, and therefore turned to ftand in a corner under a pent- 
 houfe (for it began to rain) and immediately the wind rofe, and the rain in- 
 creafed fo much, that both became fo inconvenient, as to force us into a 
 cleanly houfe, where we had bread, cheefe, ale, and a fire for our ready 
 money. This rain and wind were fo obliging to me, as to force our Hay 
 there for at leaft an hour, to my great content and advantage ; for in that 
 time he made to me many ufeful obfervations of the prefent times with 
 much clearnefs and confcicntious freedom. I (hall relate a part of them, 
 in hope they may alfo turn to the advantage of my reader. He feemed to 
 lament, that the Parliament had taken upon them to aboliih our Liturgy, to 
 the grief and fcandal of fo many devout and learned men, and the difgrace 
 of thofe many martyrs, who had fealed the truth and neceflary ufe of it with 
 their blood : And that no minifter was now thought godly that did not 
 decry it; and, at leaft, pretend to make better prayers ex tempore: And 
 that they, and only they that could do fo, prayed by the fpirit, and were 
 godly; though in their fermons they difputed, and evidently contradicted 
 each other in their prayers. And as he did diflike this, fo he did moft 
 highly commend the Common Prayer of the church, faying, '* The Holy 
 
 " Ghoft 
 
 " Several books which appeared at this time were printed for " Timothy Garthwaite, at the 
 little north door of St. Pauls." In 1660 " The Gentleman's Calling" was publiflied, with an 
 epiftle addrefled to Mr. Garthwaite, recommending an impreffion of it, dated " Sarum, OH. 27, 
 1659, your aflured friend, Hum. H." — that is, Humphrey Hinchman, afterward Bifhop of 
 Salifbury, and then of London. To this induflrious bookfeller the literary world is obliged for 
 the prefervation of the Letters of Mr. John Hales of Eton, written from the Synod of Dort. 
 See Mr. Faringdon's addrcfs to IMr. Garthwaite, prefixed to " Golden Remains," 1673.
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 473 
 
 " Ghoft feemed to affift the compofers; and, that the cffed of a conftant 
 " life of it would be, to melt and form the foul into holy thoughts and 
 " defires; and beget habits of devotion." This he faid; and that " the 
 " coUedls were the moft paflionate, proper, and moft elegant comprehen- 
 " five cxprcflions that any language ever afforded; and that there was in 
 " them fuch piety, and that, fo interwoven with inftrudions, that they 
 " taught us to know the power, the wifdom, the majefty, and mercy of 
 " God, and much of our duty both to him and our neighbour; and that a 
 " congregation behaving themfelves reverently, and putting up to God, 
 " thefe joint and known dcfires for pardon of fms, and their praifcs for 
 " mercies received, could not but be more pleafing to God, than thofe raw 
 *' unpremeditated expreflions which many underftood not, and to which 
 " many of the hearers could not fay, ^me?i." 
 
 And he then commended to me the frequent ufe of the Pfalter or Pfalms 
 of David, fpeaking to this purpofe, " That they were the treafury of 
 " Chriftian comfort, fitted for all perfons and all neceffities, able to raife 
 *' the foul from dejedtion by the frequent mention of God's mercies to re- 
 " pentant fmners; able to ftir up holy defires; to increafe joy; to moderate 
 '' forrow; to nourifti hope, and teach us patience, by waiting God's lei- 
 *' fare for what we beg: Able to beget a truft in the mercy, power, and 
 " providence of our Creator; and to caufe a refignation of ourfelves to his 
 " will; and then (and not till then) to believe ourfelves happy"." This 
 he faid the Liturgy and Pfalms taught us ; and that by the frequent ufe of 
 the laft they would not only prove to be our fouls' comfort, but would be- 
 come fo habitual, as to transform them into the image of his foul that com- 
 pofed them. After this manner he expreffed himfelf and forrow, concern- 
 ing the Liturgy and Pfalms; and feemed to lament that this, which was the 
 
 3 T devotion 
 
 " " The Pfalms," fays Dr. Donne, (Donned Sermons, Vcl. J. p. 662-) " are the Manna of 
 *' the Church." As Manna tafted to every man like that that he liked bed, fo do the Pfaln-.s 
 minlftcr inftruflion and fatisfadlion to every man in every emergency or occafion. How- 
 beautiful are the late Bifliop Home's fcntlments on this fubjeft. Happier hours than thofe 
 •which have been fpent in meditations on the fongs of Sion he never experts to fee in this 
 world ; and he has juftly remarked, that the Pfalms are calculated alike to profit and to pleafe; 
 they inform the underftanding, elevate the affedions, and entertain the imagination.
 
 474 THE LIFE OF 
 
 devotion of the moie primitive times, fhould in common pulpits be turned 
 into needlefs debates about free-will, eledlion, and reprobation, of which, 
 and many like queftions, we may be fafely ignorant, becaufe Almighty God 
 intends not to lead us to heaven by hard queftions, but by meeknefs and 
 charity, and a frequent pradlice of devotion. 
 
 And he feemed to lament very much, that by the means of irregular and 
 indifcreet preaching, the generality of the nation were pofTefled with fuch 
 dangerous miftakes, as to think, " they might be religious firft, and then 
 " juft and merciful ; that they might fell their confciences, and yet have 
 " fomething left that was worth keeping ; that they might be fure they 
 *' were eledted, though their lives were vifibly fcandalous ; that to be cun- 
 *' ning was to be wife ; that to be rich was to be happy, though it is evi- 
 " dently falfe ; that to fpeak evil of government, and to be bufy in things 
 " they underftood not, was no fin." Thefe, and the like miftakes, he la- 
 mented much, and befought God to remove them, and reftore us to that 
 humility, fmcerity, and fmgle-heartednefs, with which this nation was 
 blefled, before the unhappy covenant was brought amongft us, and every 
 man preached and prayed what feemed beft in his own eyes. And he t'len 
 faid to me, " that the way to reftore this nation to a more meek, and Chrif- 
 " tian temper, was to have the body of divinity (or fo much of it as was 
 *' needful to be known by the common people) to be put into fifty-two ho- 
 *' milies, or fermons, of fuch a length as not to exceed a third or fourth 
 " part of an hour's reading ; and thefe needful points to be "made fo clear 
 *' and plain, that thofe of a mean capacity might know what was necefTary 
 " to be believed, and what God requires to be done ; and then fome plain 
 *' applications of trial and convid;ion : and thefe to be read every Sunday 
 " of the year, as infallibly as the blood circulates the body at a {et time ; 
 '* and then as certainly begun again, and continued the year following''. 
 
 And 
 
 f Of the homilies appointed to be rea<l in churches, it mufl be allowed, that they abound 
 with flrange phrafes, with obfolete and uncouth exprcffions, witli coarfe and inappofite applica- 
 tions of fcripture; not to enumerate fome more effential defedls. And though an entire 
 diflent may not be witliheld from the declaration of an eminent prelate, that " the fecond, 
 « third, fourth, and fifth homilies exhibit an unexceptionable fummary of dottrine, upon the 
 
 " important
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 47; 
 
 And he explained the rcafon of this his dcfire, by faying to mc, " All 
 ■■' grammar fcholars that are often fhiftedfrom one to another fchool, Icarii 
 " neither fo much, nor their Uttle fo truly, as thofe that arc conftant to one 
 " good mafter : becaufe, by the feveral rules of teaching in thofe feveral 
 " fchools,they learn lefs, and become more and more confufcd; and, at laft, 
 " fo puzzled and perplexed, that their learning proves ufelefs both to them- 
 " felves and others. And fo do the immethodical, ufelefs, ncedlefs, notions 
 " that are delivered in many fermons, make the hearers ; but "a clear and 
 " conftant rule of teaching us what we are to know, and do, and what not, 
 " and that taught us by an approved authority, might probably bring the 
 " nation to a more confcientious practice of what we know, and ought to 
 " do." Thus did this prudent man explain the reafon of this his defire : 
 and oh ! that he had undertaken what he advifed ; for then, in all proba- 
 bility, it would have proved fo ufeful, that the prefent age would have been 
 blefl'ed by it ; and pofterity would have bleffed him for it. 
 
 And, at this happy time of my enjoying his company and this difcourfe, 
 he expreffed a forrow by faying to me, " O that I had gone chaplain to that 
 " excellently accomplifhed gentleman, your friend. Sir Henry Wotton ! 
 " which was once intended when he firft went ambaffador to the ftate of 
 " Venice : for by that employment I had been forced into a neceffify of con- 
 " verfmg, not with him only, but with feveral men of feveral nations ; and 
 " might thereby have kept myfelf from my unmanly bafhfulnefs, which has 
 " proved very troublefome, and not lefs inconvenient to me ; and which I 
 " now fear is become fo habitual as never to leave me": and befides, by 
 
 3 T 2 that 
 
 " important points vfhlch they tend to illuftrate, and an excellent model of compofition for 
 " popular inftruclion ;" yet the profccution of the plan recommended by Dr. Sanderfon, with 
 the addition of fome difcourfes to be ufed on the feftivals, cannot fail of being attended widi 
 the moft beneficial confequences. The expediency of fuch a work will appear to be at this 
 time more immediately neceflary, when we confider the recent introdutlion and too extenfive 
 circulation of thofe miferable and motley difcourfes, which, under the direclion of venal com- 
 pilers, are fold at a low price, to fupply the lazy and the ignorant. 
 
 1 " Is unus, quern et fateri pudet, pudor plufquam fubrufticus, et, quam facile p.nior 
 " amicos, amoiis quodam errore, modeftiam interpretari, invirilis quxdam verccundia. — 
 
 *♦ Infuperabilis
 
 476 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " that means, I might alfo have known, or at leaf! have had the {;uibfa£llon 
 " of feeing one of the late miracles of mankind, for general learning, pru- 
 " dence, and modefty, Sir H«;nry Wotton's dear friend, Padre Paulo, who, 
 '' the author of his life fays, was born with a baflifulnefs as invincible as 1 
 '' have found my own to be : A man whofe fame muft never die, till virtue 
 " and learning {hall become fo ufelefs as not to be regarded." 
 
 This was a part of the benefit I then had by that hour's converfation : 
 and I gladly remember and mention it, as an argument of my happinefs, 
 and his great humility and condefcenfion. I had alfo a like advantage by 
 another happy conference with him, which I am defirous to impart in this 
 place to the reader. He lamented m.uch, that in thofe times of confufion 
 many parifhes where the maintenance was not great, there was no minlfter 
 to officiate; and that many of the bell fequeftered livings were poflefled 
 with fuch rigid covenanters as denied the facrament to their parifliioners, 
 unlefs upon fuch conditions, and in fuch a manner as they could not with 
 a good confcience take it : This he mentioned with much forrow, faying, 
 " The blefled facrament did, even by way of preparation for it, give occa- 
 " fion to all confcientious receivers to examine the performance of their 
 *' vows, fmce they received that laft feal for the pardon of their fins pad ; 
 " and alfo to examine and refearch their hearts, and make penitent reflec- 
 " tions on their failings ; and, that done, to bewail them ferioufly, and then 
 " make new vows or refolutions to obey all God's commands better, and 
 " beg his grace to perform them. And that this being fiiithfully done, then 
 " the facrament repairs the decays of grace, helps us to conquer infirmities, 
 " gives us grace to beg God's grace, and then gives us what we beg ; 
 *' makes us flill hunger and thirft after his righteoufnefs, which we then 
 " receive, and being affifted with our own endeavours, will ftill fo dwell in 
 *' us, as to become our fandtification in this life, and our comfort on our 
 " laft fick-beds." The want of this blefled benefit he lamented much, and 
 pitied their condition that defired, but could not obtain it. 
 
 I hope 
 
 " Infuperabilis ilia qujdem, ut quam natura infevit, formavit educatio, fovit haflenus atq; 
 " etiamnum fovet tenuitatis proprise confclentia: Sed qua tamen vix aliud comperi quidquam 
 •• a prima pueritia ad hunc ufq; diem aut rationibus meis, aut exiftimationi magis adverfa 
 " rium." (Oratio hahita in Schold Iheologicd Oxon. a R. S. facra Theohgia, (jfc. 12. 0^. 1646.)
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 477 
 
 I hope I fhall not difoblige my reader, if 1 here enlarge into a further cha- 
 ra£ter of his perfon and temper. As firft, that he xvas modc-rately tall ; his 
 behaviour had in it much of a plain comelincfs, and very Utile (yet enough) 
 of ceremony or courtfhip ; his looks and motion manifeftcd an endearing 
 affability and mildnefs, and yet he had with thefe a calm and fo matchlcfs 
 a fortitude, as fecured him from complying with any of thofe many Par- 
 liamentary injundlipns that interfered with a doubtful confcience. His 
 learning was methodical and exadl, his wifdom ufeful, his integrity vifible, 
 and his whole life fo unfpotted, fo like the primitive Chriftians, that all 
 ought to be preferved as copies for pofterity to write after, the clergy efpe- 
 cially, who with impure hands ought not to offer facrifice to that God 
 whofe pure eyes abhor iniquity, and efpccially in them. 
 
 There was in his fermons no improper rhetoric, nor fuch perplexed di- 
 vifions, as may be faid to be like too much light, that fo dazzles the eyes 
 that the fight becomes lefs perfed: But in them there was no want of ufe- 
 ful matter, nor wafte of words ; and yet fuch clear diftin£lions as difpelled 
 all confufed notions, and made his hearers depart both wifer, and more 
 confirmed in virtuous refolutions^ 
 
 His memory was fo matchlefs and firm, as it was only overcome by his 
 bafhfulnefs : for he alone, or to a friend, could repeat all the Odes of Ho- 
 race, all Tully's Offices, and much of Juvenal and Perfius, without book ; 
 and would fay, " the repetition of one of the odes of Horace to himfelf 
 
 (which 
 
 ■■ If we had not the mod corrvincing proofs of the indefatigable dih'gence, with which the 
 divines of the two lad centuries applied themfelves to fludy, it would be difhcult to fuppofe 
 that they could find time to colled the vafl mafs of mattej-, that forms the fubftance of their 
 works. And to digeft that matter feems to require a man's whole life. In extent of eru- 
 dition, Dr. Sanderfon was furpaffed by none of his contemporaries. He is clear and perfpi- 
 cuous in his argumentation, eafy and natural in his language. But his far-fetched introduc- 
 tions, his tedious repetitions of divifion and fubdivifion, are difgufting. In compliance with 
 the prevailing mode of the times, he introduces Latin quotations, even when he preaches to 
 the common people ; herein unlike to Dr. Edward Pocock, who was dcfcribed by one of his 
 country parifhioners, as " a plain honeft man, but no Latiner." In his difcourfes, we meet with 
 the moft comprehenfive and the mod accurate knowledge of cladic antiquity. Thoroughly 
 converfant in the bed writings of Greece and Rome, he illuftrates bis own fentimcnts by the 
 moft appofite applications from thofe treafures of learuijig.
 
 478 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " (which he did often) was to him fuch mufic, as a leflbn on the viol was 
 " to others, when they played it voluntarily to themfelves or friends." 
 
 And though he was bleffed with a clearer judgment than oiher men, 
 yet he was fo diftruflful of it, that he did ufually over-confider of confe- 
 quences, and would fo delay and reconfider what to determine, that 
 though none ever determined better, yet when the bell tolled for him 
 to appear and read his divinity ledlures in Oxford, and all the fcholars at- 
 tended to hear him, he had not then, or not till then, refolved and writ what 
 he meant to determine ; fo that that appeared to be a truth, which his old 
 dear friend. Dr. Sheldon would often fay of him, namely, " That his judg- 
 " ment was fo much fupcrior to his fancy, that whatfoever this fuggefted, 
 " that difliked and controlled ; ftill confidering and reconlidering, till his 
 " time was fo wafted, that he was forced to write, not, probably, what 
 " was beft, but what he thought laft." And yet what he did then read, ap- 
 peared to all hearers to to be fo ufeful, clear, and fatisfaitory, as none ever 
 determined with greater applaufc. 
 
 Thefe tiring and perplexing thoughts begot in him fome averfenefs to 
 enter into the toil of confidering and determining all cafuiftical points; 
 becaufe during that time they neither gave reft to his body or mind. But 
 though he would not fuffer his mind to be always loaden with thefe knotty 
 points and diftindtions; yet the ftudy of old records, genealogies', and 
 heraldry', were a recreation, and fo pleafmg, that he would fay they gave 
 
 a pleafant 
 
 * " He was the niofl: diligent colleftor of genealogies I ever knew in thefe parts, cfpecially 
 of Lincolnfhire." (Thorotai's Hi/lory of Nottinghamfj'ire, p. 475.) 
 
 ' In his Articles of Vifitation, in 1662, the clergy within the county of Lincoln are defired 
 to bring with them, in writing, a note of all fuch coats of arms as are in the church windows, 
 and of all fuch monuments, grave-ftones, and infcriptions, whether of ancient or later times, 
 as are yet remaining in their feveral refpedive churches or chapels, or the chancels thereof. 
 
 In one of his fermons he has a continued allufion to this his favourite fcience : " Confider 
 " this, you that are of noble or generous birth. Search your pedigrees, colleft the fcattered mo- 
 " mimeiits and hijlories of your ancejlors, and obferve by what fteps your worthy progenitors 
 " raifed their hcufes to the height oi gentry or twbility. You ufurp their arms, if you inherit 
 " not their virtues : and thofe enfigns oi honour and gentry, which they by induftry achieved, 
 
 \ « fit
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 479 
 
 a pleafant reft to his mind". Of the laft of which I have feen two remark- 
 able volumes, and the reader needs neither to doubt their truth or exact- 
 nefs. 
 
 And this holy humble man had fo conquered all repining and ambitious 
 thoughts, and with them all other unruly pafTions, that, if the accidents of 
 the day proved to his danger or damage, yet he both began and ended it 
 with an even and undifturbed quietnefs; always praifmg God that he had 
 not withdrawn food and raiment from him and his poor family; nor fuf- 
 fered him in the times of trial to violate his confcience for his fafety, or to 
 fupport himfelf or them in a more fplendid or plentiful condition ; and that 
 he therefore rcfolved with David, *' That his praife fhould be always in his 
 " mouth." 
 
 I have taken a content in giving my reader this character of his perfon, 
 his temper, and fome of the accidents of his life part; and much more 
 might be added of all : But I will with forrow look forward to the fad days, 
 in which fo many good men (clergymen efpecially) were fufferers; namely, 
 about the year 1658, at which time Dr. Sanderfon was in a very pitiful 
 condition as to his eftate": And in that time Mr. Robert Boyle, a gentle- 
 man 
 
 " fit no othervvile upon your flioulders, than as rich trappings upon aflcs' backs. If you, by 
 " brutiih fenfuality, and Ipending your time in fwiniih luxury, y7<j;« the colours and emkafc the 
 " metals of tiiofc badges of your ge/itry and nobility, which you claim by dcfcent." (Sander- 
 fort's Sermons, p. 212.) 
 
 " Thus did this good man innocently employ the hours of his relaxation from feverer flu- 
 dies. Animated by this briglit example, let the clergy be induced occafionally to extend 
 their inquiries to other matters befides divinity. Dr. Sanderfon obferved it " very requifite 
 " that minifters fliould have a competent fkiU in hiftory, mathematics, law, and phyfic, to cn- 
 '* tertain the ingenious and to advife the ignorant, who expc£t the prieft's lips (hould picferve 
 •' all knowledge, and that the people fliould receive it from their mouths." ( Re. if: n ,:•:.■! 
 Judgment, ^c.p. 27.) 
 
 . * " Dr. Sanderfon had at that time a wife and children, ivas reduced to great poverty, and, in 
 the year 1658, was in a very pitiful coiulition. But, living to the reftoration, lie^was reinftated 
 in his profefibrfliip and canonry in Augull, 1660, and in October the fame year confecrated 
 to the bifliopric of Lincoln, the palace of which, at Buckden, he repaired ; and, as fines came 
 in, augmented fcveral poor vicarages, notwithflanding he was old and had a family ; which 
 when liis friends fuggcftcd to him, he made them this return, " that lie left thcni to God, 
 
 " and
 
 4So THE LIFE OF 
 
 man of a very noble birth', and more eminent for his liberality, learning, 
 and virtue, and of whom I would fay much more, but that he flill lives, 
 
 having 
 
 " and hoped he fliould be able to give them a competency ;" though whether he did or not I 
 am not informed, only the contrary feems probable, becaufe he enjoyed the bifliopric but a 
 
 very little time." (IViilker's Siifferiags of the Clergy, p. 105.) Of his (late of poverty, fee 
 
 " Tracts by Morley, Bifliop of Winchefter," publiflied in 1683, and " Kennet'i Regifter," 
 p. 209. 
 
 The following incident, which is faid to be well authenticated, proves the indigence to 
 which Dr. Sanderfon was reduced at one time, as well as the eflcem in which he was held by 
 thofe who knew him. Having been pillaged by foldiers, and left deftitutc, he fent his old fer- 
 vant, as he was wont in better times, to Grantham, to purchafe provifions, telling him, that 
 though he could not fupply him with money, he doubted not but that God would provide 
 for his family. A company of gentlemen, feeing the. fervant loitering in the market, re- 
 proved his idlenefs. The fervant related his mailer's great dillrefs, aiid the errand upon 
 which he was fent. The good doctor's wants were clie^rfuUy and liberally fupplied by the 
 company, and the fervant was difmifled, loaded with provifions. 
 
 Yet the author of " The Confeffion.al" hath obferved, that Dr. Calamy exhibits a different 
 reprefentation, informing us, that " a certain worthy clergymen of the Church of England, 
 Mr. £kephens of Sutton, in Bedfordfhire, gave him an account, that, to his knowledge, the 
 do£lor was far from being reduced to any poverty, in thofe times ; nor was he in a pitiful 
 condition in 1658. He lived in as much plenty as the better fort of clergy did, upon his rec- 
 tory, and maintained his children fafhionably. His living was valued at 130 or 140 pounds 
 per annum, and he had money befides which did not lie dead. For though he did not put it 
 out to intereft in the ordinary way, which he had written againft ; yet did he difpofe of it in 
 a way really more advantageous to the lender, and fometimes to the borrower. For he would 
 give a hundred pounds for tv/enty pounds for feren years. This he thought lawful, but not 
 the common way, which occafioned refledlions from feveval on his cafuillical fkill. This, he 
 (Mr. Stephens) faid, was the common report ; and one that was his agent in difpofing of the 
 money, alTured him of the truth of it." (The Church and DiJJenters compared as to Perfecutkn, 
 
 p. 78.) From the general charadler of Dr. Sanderfon, thus cruelly afperfed, the candid 
 
 reader will determine what degree of credit is due to the above evidence. The farcafms on 
 the cafuiftry of this eminent divine, if they defer\'e notice, are bed anfwered by the words 
 of Archbifliop Ufher : " I propofed," fays he, " the cafe to judicious Dr. Sanderfon, who 
 " grafped all the circumllances of it, and returned that happy anfwer, that met all my 
 •' thoughts, fatisfied all my fcruples, and cleared all my doubts." 
 
 " Mr. Boyle, the glory of his age -and nation, died December 30, 1691, having furvived his 
 .beloved filler. Lady Ranelagh, only one week. To .the accomplifhments of a fcholar and 
 
 a gentle-
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 481 
 
 having cafually met with and read his Ledurcs de Juramento^ to his 
 great fatisfadiion, and being informed of Dr. Sanderfon's great innocence 
 and fincerity, and that he and his family were brought into a low condition, 
 by his not complying with the Parliament's injundlions, fent him by his 
 dear friend Dr. Barlow ' (the now learned Biihop of Lincoln) 50I. and 
 
 3 U with 
 
 a gentleman, he added the mofl exalted piety, the purefl. fan£lity of manners. His unbounded 
 munificence was extended to the nobleft and moll honourable purpofes — the advancement of 
 true religion in almoft all parts of the world. A firm friend to the Church of England, he 
 was one of her brighteft ornaments. So long as goodnefs, learning, and charity, are held in 
 eftimation, the name of Boyle will be revered. 
 
 At Oxford, which was then the afylum of learned men, Mr. Boyle fixed his refidence in 
 1654, that he might purfue his philofophical, critical, and theological ftudies. Here he formed 
 a flrift intimacy with Dr. Thomas Barlow, at that time principal Librarian of the Bodleian Li- 
 brary Lord Orrery, in his notes on " Pliny's Epiftles, ' B. VL Ep. 16. has compared Mr. 
 
 Boyle, in his philofophical charafker, to Pliny the Elder, as refembling him in " his confti- 
 " tution of body, and his fpeculative turn of mind, and his too great credulity in believing 
 " all men as fincere and ingenuous as himfelf." 
 
 * Dr. Thomas Barlow, Provoft of Queen's College, Oxford, was appointed Bifliop of Lin- 
 coln in 1675, and dying, in 1691, was buried on the north-fide of the chancel of the church 
 of Bugden, near to the body of Dr. Sanderfon, and, at his own requeft, in the grave of Dr. 
 William Barlow, one of his predeceflbrs, whofe monument being deftroyed in the late civil 
 war, he caufed another to be erected, and alfo one for himfelf, with an infcription written by 
 him, a few days before his death. From his incomparable knowledge both in theology and 
 church-hiftory, and the ecclefiaftical law, the character which Cicero gave of Craflus has 
 been applied to him : " Non unus e multis, fed unus inter omnes fingularis." His great zeal 
 againft Popery was confiderably abated after the acceflion of James IL ; and it is much to be 
 regretted, that we do not find his name among thofe ever-venerable prelates, who, in the hour 
 of danger, ftood forth the champions of the Proteftant religion, by their fteady oppofition to 
 the mandates of arbitrary power. 
 
 Dr. Sanderfon, in conftquence of this application, communicated by Dr. Barlow from Mr. 
 Boyle, publiflied his treatife entitled *' De Obligatione Confcientix Prxle<£tiones Decern 
 Oxonii in Schola Theologica habitx. Anno Domini 1647," and addreflcd it to Mr. Boyle in 
 an elegant dedication, dated at Boothby Pannell, Nov. 22, 1659, wherein he commends his 
 patron, " cum natalium fplendore illuitrem, turn generofse mentis indole, amore litcrarijm, 
 " humanitate, pietate, et omni virtutum genere mukoetiam illuitriorem, mihi tamen, ddite- 
 " fcenti nimirum in par a Cafuld fiiaviter, tiec quid reriim forts geratur prafertim ut nunc futit 
 '• tempara, mu'tum folicito, de facie nunqunm ante paucos mehfes, nee de nomine quidem, 
 *• adeoq; ne nunc tandem nifi fola munilicentia notum."
 
 483 THE LIFE OF 
 
 with It a rcqueft and piomlfe : The requeft was, " that he would revicvAr 
 " the Ledlurcs de Confciaitia, wliich he had read when he was Dodor of 
 " the Chair in Oxford, and print them for the good of pofterity ;" and 
 rhis Dr. Sanderfon did in the year 1659. And the promife was, " that he 
 " would pay him that, orj if he defired it, a greater fum yearly, during his 
 " life, to enable him to pay an amanuenfis, to eafe him from the trouble of 
 " writing what he fhould conceive or didlate." For the more particular 
 account of which, I refer my reader to a letter writ to me by the faid Dr. 
 Barlow, which I have annexed to the end of this relation. 
 
 Towards the beginning of the year 1600, when the many mixed fedis, 
 and their creators, and mercilefs protestors, had led, or driven each other 
 into a whirlpool of confufion both in church and ftate ; when amazement 
 and fear had feized moft of them by forefeeing they muft now not only 
 vomit up the Church's and the King's land, but their accufing confciences 
 did alfo give them an inward and fearful intelligence, that the god of op- 
 pofition, difobedience, and confufion, which they had fo long and fo dili- 
 gently feared, was now ready to reward them with fuch wages as he al- 
 ways pays to witches for their obeying him* ; when thcfe wretches (that 
 had faid to themfelves, " we fliall fee no forrow") were come to forefee an 
 end of their cruel reign, by our King's return, and fuch fufferers as Dr. 
 Sanderfon (and with him many of the oppreffed clergy and others) could 
 forefee the cloud of their afflictions would be difperfed by it ; then the 
 29th of May following, the King was by our good God reftored to us, and 
 we to our known laws and liberties, and then a general joy and peace 
 feemed to breath through the three nations ; the fuffering and fequeftered 
 
 clergy 
 
 * This allufion may admit fome apology, when it is conficlered, that the opinion concerning 
 the reality of witchcraft was not exploded even at the end of the feventeenth century. The 
 prejudices of popular credulity are not eafily effaced. Men of learning, either from convic- 
 tion, or from fome other equally poM'erful motive, adopted the fyflem of demonology advanced 
 by J ames I. ; and it was only at a recent period that the Legiflature repealed the afl made in 
 the firft year of the reign of that monarch, entitled " an Ad againft Conjuration, Witchcraft, 
 and dealing with evil and wicked Spirits." 
 
 A preacher from Queen's College, Cambridge, is required to deliver a difcourfe againft 
 ■witchcraft, diabolical contracts, &c.at Huntingdon, every year, on the 25th day of March. 
 Sec " Smith's Selc(5l Difcourfes," p. 442-
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 483 
 
 cicrgy (who had, Uke the children of Ifrael, fat long lamenting their fad 
 condition, and hanged their neglected harps on the willows that grow by 
 the rivers of Babylon) were, after many thoughtful days and reftlcfs nights, 
 now heed from their fequeftration, rcftored to their revenues, and to a li- 
 berty to adore, praife, and pray to Almighty God publicly, in fuch order 
 as their confciences and oath, had formerly obliged them. And the reader 
 will eafily believe that Dr. Sandcrfon and his dcjcdled family rejoiced to fee 
 this happy day, and be of this number''. 
 
 At this time of the conformable clergy's deliverance from the Prefbyte- 
 rian feverities, the dodtor faid to a friend, " I look back on this ftrange and 
 " happy turn of the late times, with amazement and thankfulnefs ; and 
 " cannot but think the Prefbyterians ought to read their ov,-n errors, by 
 " confidering that by their own rules the Independents have punifhed and 
 " fupplanted thera, as they did the conformable clergy, who are now (fo 
 " many as flill live) rcftored to their lawful right ; and, as the prophet Da- 
 " vid hath taught mc, fo I fay, with a thanklul heart, * Verily there is a 
 ■" ' God that judgeth the earth : and a reward for the righteous.' " 
 
 It ought to be confidered (which I have often heard or read) that in the pri- 
 mitive times, men of learning, prudence, and virtue, were ufualiy fought for, 
 and follcited to accept of Kpifcopal government, and often refufed it. For 
 they confcientioufly conlidered, that the office of a billiop was not made up 
 of eafe and ftate, but of labour and care : that they were trufted to be God's 
 almoners of the church's revenue, and double their care for the church's 
 good and the poor ; to live ftridly themfclves, and ul'e all diligence to fee 
 that their family, officers, and clergy, became examples of innocence and 
 piety to others ; and that the account of that ftewardffiip muft, at the lafl 
 dreadful day, be made to the Searcher of all hearts : and, for thefe reafons, 
 they were in the primitive times timorous to undertake it. It may not be 
 faid, that Dr. Sanderfon was accompliffied with thefe, and all the other re- 
 quifites required in a bifhop, fo as to be able to anfwer them exadly ; but 
 
 3 U 2 k 
 
 •> On July 20, 1660, fome of the clergy of the county of Lincoln, in tne nnme of the rcfl, 
 being brought into the royal prefence, the Earl of Manchefter prcfented an addrcfs to the 
 King, by the hands of the reverend and mofl learned Dr. Sandcrfon, accompanied by that 
 worthy gentleman, Sir Thomas Meers. This addref'i, of whkh there is a copy in " Kennct's 
 Regiftcr," p. 209, was probably penned by Dr. Sandcrfon.
 
 48.V THE LIFE OF 
 
 it may be afErmed, as a good preparation, that he had at the age of fe- 
 venty-three years (for he was fo old at the King's return) fewer faults to 
 be pardoned by God or man than are apparent in others in thefe days, in 
 which, God knows, we fall fo Ihort of that vifible fanftity and zeal to 
 God's glory, which was apparent in the days of primitive Chriftianlty. — 
 This is mentioned by way of preparation to what I fhall fay more of Dr. 
 Sanderfon ; as namely, that at the King's return. Dr. Sheldon, the late pru- 
 dent Archbiihop of Canterbury (than whom none knew, valued, or loved 
 Dr. Sanderfon more or better)^ was by his Majefty made a chief truftee to 
 commend to him fit men to fupply the then vacant bifhoprics. And Dr. 
 Sheldon knew none fitter than Dr. Sanderfon, and therefore humbly de- 
 fired the King that he would nominate him : and, that done, he did as 
 humbly defire Dr. Sanderfon that he would, for God's and the Church's 
 fake, take that care and charge upon him. Dr. Sanderfon had, if not an un- 
 willingnefs, certainly no forwardnefs to undertake it, and would often fay, " he 
 " had not led himfclf, but his friend would now lead him into a temptation, 
 " which he had daily prayed againft; and befought God, if he did undertake 
 " it, fo to afFifl; him with his grace, that the example of his life, his cares, 
 " and endeavours might promote his glory, and help forward the falvation 
 
 " of others""." 
 
 This 
 
 * " He was made Bifliop, with the univerfal vote of all good men in 1660, as who expedled 
 his prudence, counfel, equanimity, and moderation, equal with his other abilities, might allay 
 animofities, clofe differences, heal men's diftempers, and work a right underftanding j all 
 men imagining his gravity might awe, his goodnefs oblige, his moderation temper, his reafon 
 perfuade, and his approved fincerity prevail upon all men otherwife minded; for he was not 
 only a man of much learning and reading, but of a mature underftanding, and a mellow 
 judgment, in all matters politic and prudential, both ecclefiaftical and civil." (Reafon and 
 
 Judgment, p. 39) " He had this advantage of other men, that, when he entered upon that 
 
 employment which lay open to the malice and envy of fo many, his life was fo fpotlefs, his 
 integrity fo eminent, that partiality itfelf could not accufe him : he being a man of folid 
 worth, in whom was nothing dubious or dark, nothing various or inconftant, nothing formal 
 or affected, nothing as to his public carriage that was fufpe£ted, nothing that needed palliation 
 or apology. I never heard of any thing faid or done by him, which a wife and good man 
 would havewiflied not faid or undone." (lb. p. 40.)
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 485 
 
 This I have mentioned as a happy preparation to his bifhopric, and am 
 next to tell that he was confecrated Bifhop of Lincoln, at Weftminfter, the 
 28thof Oaober, 1660". 
 
 There was about this time a Chriftian care taken, that thofe whofe con- 
 fciences were, as they faid, tender, and could not comply v/ith the fervice 
 and ceremonies of the Church, might have a fatisfadtlon given by a friendly 
 debate betwixt a fele£l number of them, and fome like number of thofe that 
 had been fufferers for the church fervice and ceremonies, and now reflored 
 to liberty ; of which laft, fome were then preferred to power and dignity in 
 the church. And of thcfe IJifhop Sanderfon was one, and then chofe to be 
 a moderator in that debate, and he performed his truft with much mildnefs, 
 patience, and reafon ; but ail proved inefFedlual : For there be fome pre- 
 poflefTions like jealoufies, which, though caufelefs, yet cannot be removed 
 by reafons as apparent as demonftration can make any truth. The place 
 appointed for this debate was the Savoy, in the Strand" : and the points de- 
 bated 
 
 ■' A fermon was preached at the confecration of the right reverend Fathers in God Gilbert 
 (Sheldon) Lord Billiop of London, Humphrey (Henchman) Lord Bilhop of Sarum, George 
 (Morley) Lord liifhop of Worcefter, Robert (Sanderfon) Lord Bifhop of Lincoln, George 
 (Gri(Etli) Lord Bifliop of St. Afaph, on Sunoay Odober 28, 1660, at St. Peter's, Weflmin- 
 
 ■fter, by John Sudbury, D. D. and one of the prebendaries of that church, on i Tim. iii. i. ^It 
 
 ■was dedicated to Lord Hyde the Chancellor, who was prefent, and at whofe deGre it was 
 printed. 
 
 « At the Bifhop of London's lodgings in the Savoy. A perfon in the leaft degree conver- 
 fant in the tranfailions of this memorable period will determine whether this conference de- 
 ferves to be called " a complication of fophiltry, hypocrify, and virulence, on tiie part of the 
 ♦' orthodox, hardly to be paralleled in a Topilh hiitory." See the Preface to the firll edition 
 of " The ConfelTional," p. xxix. 
 
 " The Bifhops, being provoked by their long fufFerings, and not brooking to have laws 
 prefcribed to them by thofe who had been the occafion thereof, were not very forward to 
 make any alterations which were propofed by the Presbyterians, even in fome things as might 
 have deferved confideration; refufing them fo much as the change of deadly fin, in the Li- 
 turgy, into heinous Jin. 
 
 " The Prefbyterians, on tlie other hand, heaped together all the old exceptions, which the 
 Puritans, for two years, had raifed againft the Liturgy, with the addition of fome new ones. 
 But Mr. Baxter's new-fangled Liturgy, drawn up in a method which was warranted by no 
 
 ancient
 
 • 4:86 THE LIFE OF 
 
 bated were, I think, many (and I think many of them needlefs) ; f bme af- 
 firmed to be truth and reafon, fome denied to be either ; and thefe debates, 
 being at firft in words, proved to be fo loofe and perplexed, as fatisfied 
 neither party. For fometime that which liad been affirmed was immedi- 
 ately forgot, or miftaken, or denied, and fo no fatisfa£lion given to either 
 party. And that the debate might become more fatisfa£lory and uleful, 
 it was therefore refolved, that the day following the delires and reafons of 
 the Nonconformlils fhould be given in writing, and they in writing receive 
 anfwers from the conforming party. And though I neither now can, nor 
 ,need to mention all the points debated, nor the names of the dilTenting 
 brethren J yet I am fure Mr. Richard Baxter ^ was one, and 1 am furc alfo 
 
 one 
 
 'aiicient forms, cither Greek or Lntin, was looked on by all, on the church fide, with the 
 ■ greatcd difdain.v And, indeed, it is an occafion of no little vonder to think, that fo many- 
 learned men of the Prefbyterian fide could ever be perfuaded to give their confent to let fucli 
 an odd performance of that kind be laid before Bifliops Cofin, Morlcy, Nicholfon, Pearfon, 
 Dr. Gunning, Dr. Heylin, Mr. Thorndike, &c. men fo admirably verfcd in antiquity and li- 
 turgical learning : and this efpecially,- when they were direfted by the commilfion to compare 
 the Conimon Prayer Book v/ith the moft ancient Liturgies, which have been ufed in the 
 church, in the molt primitive and pureft'times j and to avoid, as much as may be, all unnc- 
 ceflUry alterations of the Forms and Liturgy, wherewith the people are already acquainted, and 
 have fo long received in the Church of England." fDr. Nicboll s Preface to h'u Covitneiit. (n 
 
 the Common Prayer, p. ix. x.J Charles IL in his declaration concerniag eccleliallical alfairs, 
 
 propol'ed to the dilFatisficd part of the clergy, that they would read fo much of the Liturgy, as 
 they themfelves had no exception againil. But, in many of them, he could not prevail for fo 
 much as one fy liable, not one coUecT:, no nor fo much as one chapter, according to the ru- 
 bric ; fo much doth yielding v/ork upon that good generation. See " Kennet's Regiiter," 
 p. 432. 
 
 ' Mr Baxter's genius, like that of many other reformers, was " ten times apter for pulling 
 " down than for building up." " Baxter," fays.Bifhop Burnet, " was a man of great piety, 
 and, if he had not meddled in too many things, would have been efteemed one of the learned 
 men of the gge. He writ near two hundred books. Of thefe three are large folios. He had 
 a moving and pathetical way of writing, and was his whole life long a man of great zeal and 
 fimpliclty, but was moft unhappily fubtile and metaphyfical in every tiling. . Great fubmif- 
 fion was paid to him by the whole party. So he perfuaded them, that, from the words of the 
 . rommifhon, they were hound to offer every thing that tliey thought might conduce to the 
 
 good
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 4J7 
 
 one of the points debated was, " Concerning a command of lawful Supe- 
 " riors, what was fufiiclent towards its being a lawful command ? — This 
 following propofition was brought by the conforming party : 
 
 " That command which commands an a£t in itfelf lawful, and no other 
 " adl or circumftance unlawful, is not fmful." 
 
 Mr. Baxter denied it for two reafons, which he gave in with his own 
 hand in writing, thus : One was,. " Becaufe that may be a hn per accidc}:s, 
 " which is not fo in itfelf; and may be unlawfully commanded, though 
 *' that accident be not in the command." Another was, " That it may be 
 *' commanded under an unjuft penalty." 
 
 Again, this propofition being brought by the Conformifts, " That com- 
 *' mand which commandeth an a£l in itfelf lawful, and no other a<3: 
 " whereby any unjuft penalty is enjoined, nor any circumftance whence 
 " per auidens any fin is confequent which the commander ought to pro- 
 " vide againft, is not finful." 
 
 Mr. Baxter denied it for this reafon, then given in with his own hand 
 in writing, thus : " Becaufe the firft ad: commanded may be per accidens 
 "unlawful, and be commanded by an unjuft penalty, though ncvother adl 
 " or circumftance commanded be fuch." 
 
 Again, this propofition being brought by the Conformifts, "" That com- 
 *' mand which commandeth an a£t in itfelf lawful, and no other a£t 
 " whereby any unjuft penalty is enjoined, nor any circumftance whence 
 "' diredlly, or per accidens^ any fin is confequent, which the commander 
 " ought to provide againft, hath in it all things requifite to the lawfulnefs 
 *' of a command, and particularly cannot be guilty of commanding an adt 
 
 per 
 
 good or peace of the church, without confidering what was-like to be obtained, or what . 
 efFcifl their demanding fo much might have in irritating the minds of thofe who were then 
 tiie fuperior body in flrcngth and number. 
 
 " The good Sir Mattlicw Hale lived in habits of intimacy witli Mr. Baxter, who was his 
 neighbour, and whom he confidered as a perfon of great devotion and piety, and of a very 
 _ fubtile and quick apprehenfion : their converfation lay mod in metaphyfical and abftrafted 
 ideas and fchemes." ( Burnet's Life of Sir Matthew Ha/eyp. 35.)
 
 488 THE LIFE OF 
 
 "/<?r accidens unlawful, nor of commanding an aCt under an unjuft pe- 
 «' nalty." 
 Mr. Baxter denied it upon the fame reafons. 
 
 Peter Gunning^ 
 John P£arson\ 
 Thefe 
 
 * Dr. Peter Gunning was a refolute defender of liis Majefty King Charles the Firft's caufe 
 and right, and tlie doftrinc and difcipline of the Church of England, againit all forts of fe£la-= 
 ries, with whom he had almoft daily public difputes in their congregations, for which he un- 
 derwent all fortsof obloquy, hardfliips, and imprifonments. At the rertoration, he was made, 
 firft, Prebendary of Canterbury, Mafter of Bennet, and foon after of St. John's College in 
 Cambridge ; then Regius Profeflbr of Divinity, Bifliop of Chichefter, and, laflly, of Ely, in 
 pofleffion of wliich fee he died, in 1684. (Magna Britannia^ p. 575, 576.) 
 
 Bifhop Burnet has obferved, that Gunning was a man of great reading, and noted for a fpe- 
 cial fubtilty of writing ; that in this conference all the arts of fophillry were made ufc of by 
 him in as confident a manner as if they had been found reafoning. He was a man of an in- 
 nocent life, unweariedly aflive to very little purpofe. He was much fet on reconciling us 
 with Popery, and fet himfelf with great zeal to clear the Church of Rome from idolatry. 
 This made many fufpedt him as inclining to go over. But he was far from it, and was a veiy 
 honeft, fincere man, but of no found judgment, and of no prudence in affairs. Ht was for 
 conforming in all things to the rules of the primitive church, particularly in praying for the 
 dead, in the ufe of oil, and many other things. He formed many in Cambridge upon his 
 own notions, who,have perhaps carried them farther than he intended. Baxter and he fpent 
 fome days, in mucU logical arguing, to the diverfion of the town, who faid, " here were a 
 " couple of fencers engaged in difputes, that could never be brought to an end, nor have any 
 " good effeft." See " JJilliop Burnet's Hiltory of his own Times." 
 
 *> Dr. John Pearfon, the Ton of a private clergyman in Norfolk, and grandfon to Vaughan 
 Bifhop of London, was elefled from Eton fthool into King's College in Cambridge, in 1632. 
 He was fellow of ihat college for fome time, and in 1639 was collated by Bifhop Davenant 
 to the prebend of Neiherhaven in the church of Sarum, the fame which Mr. Hooker formerly 
 enjoyed. In 1642, he was miniller of St. Clement's Eaft Cheap, London, where he preached 
 thofe excellent lermons, which he afterward digefted into his juflly celebrated " Expofition 
 of the Creed." In 1657, he and Mr. Gunning diilinguifhed themfelves by a conference with 
 two difputants of the Church of Rome. At the reiteration he was rewarded with prefer- 
 ment, being appointed Lady Margiiet's Profeflbr of Divinity at Cambridge, and fuccelhvely 
 Mafter of Jefus College, and of Trinity College ; and at length was promoted to tlie fee of 
 Chefter, on the death of Dr. Wilkins. 
 
 Of
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 489 
 
 Thefe were then two of the difputants, flill live, and will atteft this ; 
 one being now Lord Blfhop of Ely, and the other of Chcfter. And the 
 laft of them told me very lately, that one of the Diflenters (which I could, 
 but forbear to name,) appeared to Dr. Sanderfon to be fo bold, fo trouble- 
 fome, and fo illogical in the difpute, as forced patient Dr. Sanderfon (who 
 was then Bifhop of Lincoln, and a moderator with other bilhops) to fay, 
 with an unufual earneftnefs, " that he had never met with a man of more 
 " pertinacious confidence, and lefs abilities, in all I Is converfation'." 
 
 But though this debate at the Savoy was ended without any great fatif- 
 faftion to either party, yet both parties knew the defires, and underftood 
 
 3 X the 
 
 Of the manner in which Dr. Gunning and Dr. Pearfon condudled themfelves at the Savoy 
 conference, Mr. Baxter has given the following account : — " Dr. Pearfon and Dr. Gunning 
 did all their work (belide Bllhop Morle/s difcourfes),but with great difference in the manner. 
 Dr. Pearfon was their true logician and difputant, without whom, as far as I could difcern 
 we fhould have had nothing from them, but Dr. Gunning's palfionate inveftives, mixed with 
 fome argumentations. He difputed accurately, foberly, and calmly, being but once in any 
 paflion, breeding in us a great refpe£l for him, and a perfuafion, that, if he had been inde- 
 pendent, he would have been for peace ; and that, if all were in his power, it would have gone 
 
 well ; He was the ftrength and honour of that caufe, which we doubted whether 
 
 he heartily maintained. Dr. Gunning was their forwardeft and greatefl fpeaker, underlland- 
 ing well what belonged to a difputant, a man of greater ftudy and indudry than any of them, 
 well read in fathers and councils, and of a ready tongue (and 1 hear and believe of a very 
 temperate life as to all carnal excefles whatfoever), but fo vehement for his high impofing 
 principles, and fo over zealous for Arminianifm, and formality, and church-pomp, and fo very 
 eager and fervent in his difcourfe, that, I conceive, his prejudice and pafBon much per^'erted 
 liis judgment 5 and, I am fure, they made him lamentably over-run himlelf in his difcouifes." 
 (Rel!q. Baxt.p. 364.) 
 
 We muft here regret a fad and melancholy inftance of human imbecillity. This acute rea- 
 foner, this profound divine, the author of " The Expofition of the Creed," and of many other 
 moft learned works, was, for fome years before his death, reduced to a ftate of childhood 
 and became totally deprived of his memory, and of the ufe of his mental faculties. 
 
 ' " At this conference in the Savoy,' Bilhop Morley tells us, " the generality of the non- 
 conforming divines (hewed themfelves unwilling to enter upon difpute } and feemed to like 
 much better another way tending to an amicable and fair compliance, which was fruftrated 
 by a certain perfon's furious eagerncfs to engage in a difputation." (The Pmtejlant Peace* 
 mahr, by Bijbop Rujf, 1682.)— —There is little doubt, but that Mr. Bailer is here meant.
 
 490 THE LIFE OF 
 
 the abilities of the other much better than before it : and the late diflrefled 
 clergy, that were now reftored to their former rights and power, were fo 
 charitable, as at their next meeting in convocation to contrive to give the 
 diflenting party fatisfadion, by alteration, explanation, and addition, to 
 fome part both of the Rubric and Common Prayer ; as alfo by adding fome 
 new neceflary collects, with a particular colled; of thankfgiving. How 
 many of thefe new coUedls were worded by Dr. Sanderfon, I cannot fay ; 
 but am fure the whole cqivocation valued him fo much, that he never un- 
 dertook to fpeak to any point in queftion, but he was heard with great wil- 
 lingnefs and attention ; and when any point in queftion was determined, 
 the Convocation did ufually defire him to word their intentions, and as 
 ufually approve and thank him. 
 
 At this convocation the Common-Prayer was made more complete by 
 adding three new neceflary offices; which were, " A Form of Humiliation 
 for the nxurder of King Charles the Martyr;" " A Thankfgiving for the 
 Reftorauan of his Son our King;" and " For the Baptizing of Perfons of 
 riper Age'." I cannot fay Dr. Sanderfon did form or Tsrord them all, but 
 doubtlefi more than any fmgle man of the convocation ; and he did alfo, 
 by defire of the convocation, alter and add to the forms of prayers to be 
 ufed at fea (now taken into the Service-Book). And it may be noted, that 
 William", the now moft Reverend Archbifliop of Canterbury, was in thefe 
 
 employments 
 
 i " It was thought convenient, that fome prayers and thankfgivings, fitted to fpecial occafions, 
 {hould be added in their due places, particularly for thofe at fea, together with an office for 
 the baptifni of fuch as are of riper years; which, although not fo neceflary, when the former 
 book was compiled, ypt, by the grov/th of Anabaptifm, through the licentioufnefs of the late 
 times, crept in amongft us, is now become neceflary, and may be always ufeful for the bap- 
 tizing of natives in our plantations, and others converted to the faith." (Preface to the Common 
 Prayer.) 
 
 ^ Dr. William Bancroft was, as his name imports, a man of incorrupt fmcerity. If inno- 
 cence of life, and reftitude of heart, ever demanded our efl;eem and veneration, this prelate 
 isjuftly entitled to them. To a good confcience he facrificed every worldly confideration.— • 
 When he lay upon his death-bed, he was vifited by Mr. Needham, formerly one of his cha- 
 plains, who had differed from him in his political condudt. Having given him his benediftion 
 moft affeftionately, he faid, " You and I have gone different ways in thefe late afl^airs ; but I 
 
 " truft
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 491 
 
 employments diligently ufeful, and efpecially in helping to redify the 
 Kalendar and Rubric. And laftly, it may be noted, that for the fatisfying 
 all the difTentlng brethren and others, the convocation's reafons for the al- 
 terations and additions to the Liturgy were by them defired to be drawn 
 up by Dr. Sanderfon; which being done by him, and approved by them, 
 was appointed to be printed before the Liturgy, and may be now known 
 by this title, " The Preface':" and begins thus, " It hath been the wifdom 
 of the church." 
 
 I fhall now follow Dr. Sanderfon to his bifliopric, and declare a part of 
 his behaviour in that bufy and weighty employment. And firft, that it was 
 with fuch condefcenfion and oblij^ingnefs to the meaneft of his clergy, as to 
 know and be known to mofl: of them. And indeed he pradlifed the like to 
 all men of what degree foever, efpecially to his old neighbours or parifhion- 
 ejrs of Boothby Pannell, for there was all joy at his table when they came 
 
 3X2. to 
 
 " truft that heaven's gates are wide enough to receive us both." Upon Mr. Needham's modeft 
 attempt to give an account of his own condudl, his Grace was pleafed to reply, " I always 
 " took you for an honeft man : What I faid concerning myfelf was only to let you know, 
 •' that what I have done I have done in the integrity of my heart, indeed in the great integrity 
 " of my heart." See his character finely drawn by Mr. Nelfon, in *' The Life of Dr. 
 George Bull," p. 354. 
 
 Dr. John Pell, the firfl mathematician of the age in which he lived, and celebrated for his 
 knowledge of ancient and modern languages, was the perfon, who, on Dec. 5, 1661, brought 
 into the upper Houfe of Convocation, the Kalendar reformed by him, with the afliftance of 
 Mr. Bancroft. 
 
 ' " The Preface is faid to be drawn up by Dr. .Sanderfon, and it fhould feem by the (lyle 
 thereof to be his. However no mention of his being the author of it is made in the a<^3 of 
 the Upper Houfe of Convocation. It is there only faid, " Die Lun. 2. Decemb. Praefatium 
 five Exordium Libri Precum fuit Introdufl. et Public. Perle(3:." On Monday the 2d of De- 
 cember, the Preface or Introduftion to the Common Prayer-Book was brought in and read: 
 But it is not faid by whom. It was referred to a committee of the Upper Houfe, to confider 
 of it, who were Dr. Matthew Wren, Bifiiop of Ely j Dr. Robert Skinner, Bifliop of Oxonj 
 Dr. Humphrey Henchman, Bifhop of Sarum ; and Dr. George Griffith, Bilhop of St. Afaph. 
 On the 13th of that month, the a(fts fay, fome amendments were made to the Preface." — 
 (Dr. NicholPs Comment on the Common Prayer.) — It may be further remarked, that the Prayers 
 " for Ember Weeks," " for the Parliament," " for all Conditions of Men/' were added at 
 the review of the Liturgy in 1661.
 
 492 THE LIFE OF 
 
 to vlfit him : Then they prayed for him, and he for them with an vmfeigned 
 afFe£tion. 
 
 I think it will not be denyed, but that the care and toil required of a 
 bifhop may juftly challenge the riches and revenue with which their pre- 
 deceflbrs had lawfully endowed them; and yet he fought not that fo much, 
 as doing good with it both to the prefent age and pofterity ; and he made 
 this appear by what follows. 
 
 The blfhop's chief houfe at Bugden, in the county of Huntington, the 
 ufual refidence of his predeceflbrs (for it ftands about the midft of his 
 diocefe) having been at his confecration a great part of it demolifhed, and 
 what was left Handing under a vifible decay, was by him undertaken to be 
 eredted and repaired; and it was performed with great fpeed, care, and 
 charge". And to this may be added, that the King having by an injundion 
 
 commended 
 
 ■" Dr. John Williams, Bifliop of Lincoln, did wonders at his feat of Bugden, with the will 
 of a liberal man, and the wit of a good furveyor : For, in the fpace of one year, with many 
 hands and good pay, he turned [a ruinous thing into a {lately manfion. The out-houfes 
 •were re-edified with convenient beauty, as well for ufe as uniformity: And the outward 
 courts, which were next them, he caft into fair alleys, and grafs-plats. Within doors, the 
 cloifters were the trimmcft part of his reparations : The windows of the fquare beautified 
 with (lories of coloured glafs ; the pavement laid fmooth and new ; and the walls, on every 
 fide, hung with pieces of exquifite workmen in limning, colle£led and provided long before. 
 The like and better was done for the chapel in all thefe circumftanccs, and with as much coft 
 as it was capable of. He loved ftirring and walking, which he ufed two hours or more every 
 day in the open air, if the weather ferved; efpecially if he might go to and fro, where good 
 fcents and works of well-formed fliape were about him. But that this was his innocent re- 
 creation, it would amount to an error, that he fliould bury fo much money in gardens, 
 arbours, orchards, pools for water-fowls, and for fiili of all variety, with a walk raifed 
 three foot from the ground, of about a mile in compafs, fliaded and covered on each 
 fide with trees and pales. He that reports this knows bed that all the nurferies about 
 London for fair flowers and choice fruits were ranfacked to furnilh him. Alcinous, if he 
 had lived at Bugden, could not have lived better. And all this, take it together, might have 
 ftood to become five ages after his reparation. But tvhat is there that appears tioiv? or •what 
 remains of all this cojl and beauty ? All is di/ftpated, defaced, pluckt to pieces to pay the army ; fol- 
 lowing the rule, which Severus the Emperor gave to his fons Antoninus and Geta, " Ucu- 
 pletate Milites, cateros contemnite f' Here's nothing Handing of all the bifliop's delights and 
 expence. " Nebuzar-adan, the fervant of the King of Babylon, hath been tliere," 2 Kings, 
 XXV. 8. and made profit of the havoc of the palace, though the building would have yielded 
 more gain to have let it ftood, than to be demoliflied. See " Bifhop Hacket's Life of Arch- 
 bifliop Williams," P. IL p. 29.
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 493 
 
 commended to the care of the bifhops, deans, and prebends of all cathedral 
 churches, the repair of them, their houfes, and an augmentation of the re- 
 venue of fmall vicarages; he, when he was repairing Bugden, did alfo aug- 
 ment the laft, as faft as fines were paid for renewing leafes: So faft, that a 
 friend taking notice of his bounty, was fo bold as to advife him to remem- 
 ber, " he was under his firft fruits, and that he was old, and had a wife and 
 " childi-en that were yet but meanly provided for, efpecially if his dignity 
 " were confidered"." To whom he made a mild and thankful anfwer, 
 faying, " It would not become a Chriftian Bifhop to fuffer thofe houfes 
 " built by his predeceflbrs to be ruined for want of repair; and lefs jufti- 
 *' fiable to fuffer any of thofe poor vicars that were called to fo high a calling 
 " as to facrifice at God's altar, to eat the bread of forrow conftantly, when 
 " he had a power by a fmall augmentation to turn it into the bread of 
 *' cheerfulnefs; and wifhed, that as this was, fo it were alfo in his power 
 " to make all mankind happy, for he defired nothing more. And for his 
 *' wife and children, he hoped to leave them a competence, and in the 
 *' hands of a God that would provide for all that kept innocence, and 
 *' trufted in his providence and protedion, which he had always found 
 *' enough to make and keep him happy"." 
 
 There was in his diocefe a minifter of almoft his age, that had been of 
 Lincoln College when he left it, who vifitcd him often, and always wel- 
 come, becaufe he was a man of innocence and open-heartednefs : This 
 minifter alked the bifhop what books he ftudied moft, when he laid the 
 foundation of his great and clear learning? To which his anfwer was, 
 " That he declined reading many books ; but what he did read were well 
 
 chofea" 
 
 • Dr. Sanderfon had iflue three fons, and two daughters, i. Catharine, baptized May 27, 
 1621. Thomas, baptized Feb. 2, 1621, which Thomas was married at I^enton, otherwifc 
 Lavington, to Elizabeth Winlup, one of the daughters of Samuel Wintup, S. T. P. June 19, 
 1655, and is ftyled Doiflor in Divinity. 3. Mary, baptized May 30, 162;, who was married 
 to William Geery of Braunfton, Clerk, Oct. 16, 1649. 4. Robert, baptized Nov. i3, 1630, 
 and married to Anne Foxley, grand-daughter of Edward Foxley, fenior, parifli-clerk, May 
 17, 1658. ;. Henry, baptizedDec. 3, 1633. (From the Parijb Regijlir of Boothby Pannell.) 
 
 ' Among the fubfcrlbers towards the repair of the dilapidated buildings of Chrid Church 
 in Oxford, we find the name of .Dr. Sanderfon contributing eighty pounds. ( Kennet's 
 R'gift"", t- 345-)
 
 494 THE LIFE OF 
 
 " chofen", and read fo often, that he became very familiar with them;" 
 and told him, " they were chiefly three, *' Ariftotle's Rhetoric," " Aquinas's 
 " Secunda Secundae"," and "Tully," but chiefly his "OflicesV' which hehad 
 " not read over lefs than twenty times, and could at this age repeat without 
 
 " book." 
 
 P Luther advifed all that intended to fludy in what art foever, that they fliould betake 
 themfelves to the reading of fome fure and certain forts of books oftentimes over and again; 
 for to read many forts of books produceth more and rather confufion, than to learn thereout 
 any thing certainly or parfeftly, like as thofe that dwell every where and remain certainly in 
 no place, fuch do dwell no where, nor are any where at home. And like as in company we 
 ufe not daily the community of all good friends, but of fome few feleded, even fo likewife 
 ought we to accuflom ourfelvcs to the bell books, and to make the fame familiar unto us, 
 that is, to have them, as we ufe to fay, at our finger's ends. ( Luther^ s Table Talk, p. 507.) 
 " Nihil aeque fanitatem impedit, quam remediorum crebra mutatio. Diftrahit animum 
 librorum multitudo. Itaque cum legere non poflis quantum habueris, fat ell habere quantum 
 legas. Scd modo, inquis, hunc librum evolvere, modo ilium. Fallidientis flomachi multa 
 dcgullare : Quw, ubi varia funt et diverfa, iuquinant, non alunt. l^robatos itaque femper 
 lege: Et fi quando ad alios divertere libuerit, ad priores redi." (Seneca Epijlola. 11.) 
 
 *» Thomas Aquinas, ufually ftyled " The Angelic Doftor," and " The Eagle of Divines," 
 was the great luminary of t!ie fcholaftic world, in the fourteenth century. He firfl intro- 
 duced the philofophy of Ariftotle, in dire£l oppofition to feveral divines, and particularly to 
 the Roman Pontiffs. It was ufual, at that time, to compofe and publilh fums, or fydematicai 
 colledlions of virtues and vices. " The Second Part of the Sum of Thomas Aquinas was 
 wholly employed in laying down the principles of morality, and in deducing and illuilrating 
 the various duties that refult from them." ( Mofcheim's Ecclef. HiJl.Vot. III.p. 102.) "Not- 
 •' withftanding the ridicule, which, in thefe days, attends the mere mention of the Angelic 
 " Dodor, I will venture to aliirm," fays an eminent writer of the prefent age, " That in that 
 " work ' The Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas,' there are, mixed indeed with many 
 " difficult fubtleties and perverfe interpretations of fcripture, not a few theological quellions 
 " of great moment, dated with clearnefs and judgment." 
 
 ' " ' Tully's Offices,' a book which boys read and men underftand, was fo efteemcd of my 
 Lord Burleigh, that, to his dying day, he always carried it about him, either in his bofom or 
 his pocket, as a complete piece, that, like ' Ariftotle's Rhetoric,' would make both a fcholar 
 
 and an honeft man." (Lloyd's State Worthies.) En itaque quern in hoc fcriptionis genere 
 
 ducem fequaris ilium olim in Academia Oxonienfi Theologix Profefforem regium, Sander- 
 sonum: Hominem in primis dialedicum, neque vero minus oratorem: Qu^i horrid iorem 
 aiam fcholafticorum <ixf>pfia», elegantiae cujufdam novje et fingularis condimento temperatam 
 
 exhibuit -,
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 495 
 
 "book." And told him alfo, " The learned Civilian Dodor Zouch (who 
 *' died lately) had writ " Elementa Jurifprudentiae ;" which was a book 
 " that he thought he could alfo fay without book ; and that no wife man 
 " could read it too often, or love, or commend it too much:" And he told 
 him " the ftudy of thefe had been his toil ; but for himfelf, he always had 
 " a natural love to genealogies and heraldry; and that when his thoughts 
 " were harafTed wi'th any perplexed ftudies, he left off, and turned to them 
 " as a recreation; and that his very recreation had made him fo perfect in 
 " them, that he could in a very fhort time give an account of the defcent, 
 " arms, and antiquity of any family of the nobility or gentry of this nation." 
 Before I give an account of his laft ficknefs, I defire to tell the reader, 
 that he was of a healthful conftitution, cheerful and mild, of an even tem- 
 per, very moderate in his diet', and had had little ficknefs, till fome few years 
 before his death ; but was then every winter punifhed with a diarrhcea, 
 which left him not till warm weather refurned and removed it : And this 
 diftemper did, as he grew older, feize him oftener, and continue longer 
 with him. But though it weakened him, yet it made him rather indif- 
 pofed than fick, and did no way difable him from ftudying (indeed too 
 much). In this decay of his ftrength, but not of his memory or reafon 
 (for this diftemper works not upon the underftanding), he made his laft 
 will, of which I fhall give fome account for confirmation of what has been 
 faid, and what I think convenient to be known, before I declare his death 
 and burial. 
 
 He 
 
 cxhibuit; ita ut de qualibet re fubjefta apte, diftincte, gravltcr, nee inornate verba facerct. 
 Unde illi haec eximia dicendi facultas acceflerit rogas? Inde nimirum unde candem et ipfc 
 facile pofTis depromere. Verfabatur ille in M. T. Ciceronis Operibus non quidem oratoriis, 
 qusE plus admirationis, quam imitationis habere videbantur, fed in philofophicis; quippe ad 
 ufus morales communefque magis attemperatis: Haec ille continuo legere, relegere, eorum 
 fuccum atque fanguinem haurire, in fcripta fua transfundere. Itaque illi verborum neque 
 deleftus neque copia deerat." (Dr. John Burton's Addrefs to the Reader, prefixed to his Latin 
 traB, entitled ■" Samuel.") 
 
 • " In his apparel none more plain ; in his diet none more temperate, 'eating,' as he 
 would fay, ' rationally, only for health and life :' One meal a-day fufficed him, with fome 
 fruit at night : in his fleep none more fparing; eleven or twelve at night being his ufuaj time 
 of going to reft, five, or very rarely fix, the hour of his rifing." (Reafon and Judgment, p. id.)
 
 49^ THE LIFE OF 
 
 He did, in his laft will, give an account of his faith and perfuafion in 
 point of religion and church-government, in thefe very words : 
 
 3[ iaobert ©annctfon, Doftor of Di^initg, an untoo?tI)p minifter of 
 31efu0 (ZDbria, anD, tip t&c p^otjioencc of (©oD, IBitljop of Lincoln, being 
 ftp tf)e long continuance of an babitual Diftempcr ft^oug&t to a great 
 ftooiig Iccafenefti ann faintnefg of fpiritg, but (bp tbc gt^at mercg of (SoD) 
 toitbout anp booilg pain otbcttoifc, ot Decap of unDccftaHQing, do mafee 
 tf)is mg SjQii! anD CcSament (toritten alt toitb mp oton banU) tetoofeing 
 all ftimev Wills bp me beretofo?e maue, if ang fucb Iball be founu. 
 JFirC, 31 commenD m^ foul into tbe bantisi of aimigbtg ©oD, as of a 
 faitbful Creator, tobicb 31 bumbl? befeecb bim mercifullj? to accept, 
 loofeing upon ity not as it i& in itfclf (infinitely pulluteD toitb Cin), but m 
 it is reDeemen anD purgeti toitb tbe piecious blooD of Us onip belotjea 
 ^on anD mg nio0 Closet ^atjiour, 3lefus vZLbna > m confioence of loaWc 
 merits anu meoiation alone it is, tbat 31 catt mgfelf upon tbe mercp oC 
 (SoQ for tbe parQon of mg fins, anD tbe bopes of eternal life, anu bcrc 
 a Do p?ofefs, tbat as 31 batie liueD, fo 31 nefire anD (bp tbe grace of <SoD) 
 tefoltje to Die in tbc communion of tbe Catbolic Cburcb of Cbrid, anl 
 a true fort of t^t Cburcb of CnglanD ; tobicb, as it flanDS bp lato efla- 
 ijliQjeD, to be botb in Doftrine auD tooifljip agreeable to tbe toojD of <J5oD, 
 anD in tbe mofi, anD rnoH material points of botb, conformable to ttz 
 faitb anD praftice of tbc goDIp cburcbes of Cbrift in tbc piimititjc anD 
 purer times, 31 Do firmlg belicoc : IcD fo to Do, not fo mucb fcom t\iz 
 fOKC of cuftom anD eDucation (to tobicb tbe greateU part of manfeinD otoe 
 tbeir particular Different perfuafions in point of religion) as upon tbe 
 clear eUiDence of trutb anD realon, after a ferious anD unpartial era* 
 mination of tf)z grounDS, as toeil of IPoperp as Puritanifm, ac* 
 cojDing to tbat meafure of unDcraanDing, anD tbofc opportunities; 
 tobicb <®oD batb affb?DeD me : anD bcrein 31 am abunDantlp fatisfieD» 
 tbat tbc fcbifm to&icf) tijc Ig'apifls on tbc one tjanD, anD tbc fuperffi^ 
 
 tion
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 49- 
 
 tion tDbici) the Putitamei on m otfjec banc, lap to our charge, ate 
 ticrp mfflp ctjargeable upon tbemfelpeg refpcftiucip. cabcrefo^c 3f 
 |)umt)Ip ficfcccf) aimi0{)tp *ii)oo tfjc jTatfjcr of mercies, to picfctue tf)c 
 Cfeurcf) ijp 1)10 potDEt anD p^otiiDcncc, in peace, trutfj, ano goniincfs, 
 cticrmoie to tf)C tooilD'g enti : tobicb coubtlcfs &e \m\{ no, if tje 
 toicfectincfs antj fccuritp of a finful people (ano patticulaclp tfjofc Ong 
 tf)at arc fo rife, anD fcem Dailg to increafc among u0, of untbank^ 
 fulnef0, riot, ann facritegc) Do not tempt ^10 patience to tfjc con= 
 trarp. anD 31 alfo fartbcr fjumblp tjcfeecb Ijim, tbat it tooulD pleafe 
 tim to gitic unto our gracious ^otjereign, tbe rctierenD T5ifl)op0, anD 
 the Parliament, timclp to confiDcr tfje great Danger tbat tiiftolp 
 ll)reaten0 tf)i0 Cfjutcb in point of religion bp ifje late great increafc 
 of Ipoperp, anD in point of revenue bp facrilcgioug inclofurc0 j anD 
 to pjotiiDc fucf) tobolefomc anD effectual remcDieg as map pieuent ttt 
 fame before it be too late. 
 
 And for a further manifeftatlon of his humble thoughts and defires, they 
 may appear to the reader, by another part of his will which follows : 
 
 30 for mp conuptible boDp, 31 bcqucatb it to tbe cartb tobcnce it 
 teas tafecn, to be Decentlp buricD in tbe paril1)=cburcb of l^ugDcn, to^ 
 toarDS tbe upper enD of tbe cbanccl, upon tbe feconD, or, at tbe 
 fartbefl, tbe tbirD Dap after mp Deceafe; anD tbat tuitb a0 little 
 •noife, pomp, anD cbargc as map be, toirbout tbe inuitation of anp 
 perfon, boto near focDer rclatcD to me, otber tban tbe inbabitants 
 of TSugDcn ; toitbout tbe unnecclTtirp cvpcncc of efcutcbeons, glouc0, 
 ribbons, $c. anD toitbout anp blachs to be bung anp tobccc in or 
 about tbe boufc or cburcb, otber tban a pulpit^dotb, a bcarfc^clotb, 
 anD a mourning=goton for tbe p?cacbcr; tobereof tbe fo?mcr, after 
 mp boDp Urnll be interrcD, to be giuen to tbe pjeacbcr of tbe funeral 
 fermon, anD tbe latter to tbe curate of tbe parilb, for tbe time=bcing. 
 Sinh mp toill furtber i&, tbat tbe funeral fermon be p?cacbeD bp mp 
 
 3 Y oton
 
 493 THE LIFE OF 
 
 ctDH f)0Ufcbal3 chaplain, containing fome tajfjolcfomc Difcoutfe con- 
 cctning mo?taUtp, tbe tcfurrcftion of tfje ccan, anD the laft juD5= 
 incnt ; anu tbat be Toail Dat5e for bis paing fitie pounns, upon conui- 
 tion t'uat be fpcafe nothing at all concerning mj) perfon eitbcr gcoo 
 or ill, otbct tban 31 mpfelf Hiall iriceft ; onlg {ignifi>ing to ti)C autJi'- 
 to?p tbat it teas m? crprcfg toill to fjatic it fo. anD it i0 my toill 
 tfjat no cofdy mcnument be crefteD for mp memo?p. Out onlg a fair 
 fiat marble cone to be lain ouer me, tuitb tbis infcription, in legible 
 iRoman cbaraftcrg: — depositum roberti sanderson nuper lin- 
 
 COLNIENSIS EPISCOPI, QUI OBIIT ANNO DOMINI MDCLXII. ET iETATIS 
 SUiE SEPTUAGESIMO SEXTO, HIC REQUIESCIT IN SPE BEAT^ RESUR- 
 
 RECTioNis. €W manner of burial, altbougb 3! cannot but fo?e= 
 
 fee it tuill p?oV!e unfatisfafto?? to funurp my nearea frienus anD rela= 
 tion0, anu be apt to be cenfuren bg otbcr0, as an cuincnce of mp too 
 mucb parfimon? anD narrotoneCs of mine, as being altogctber un= 
 ufual, ano not accoitiing to tbe moue of tbefe times; pet it i» 
 agreeable to tbe fenfe of mj? beart, ann 31 Co 'ott-g mucb ocfitc mg 
 toill map be carefully obferticD bcrein, boping it mag become er- 
 emplarp to fome or otber : at leafl botnfoetier teflifging at mg Deatb, 
 tubat 31 baDc fo often ans carneflip p?ofeffeD in mp life time, mg 
 utter DiCifee of tbe flatteries commonlg ufeD in funeral fcrmons, ann 
 of tbe ma erpences otbertoife lalD out in funeral folemnities anD 
 
 entertainments. 
 
 ' Prefixed to the infcription on his monument are his arms : and there is alfo an addition 
 denoting the day on which he died, viz. January 29, 1662. Mr. James Heath (of whom fee 
 " Wood's Ath. O.x." Voh II. col. 337-) wrote an elegy with an epitaph on the much lamented 
 death of Dr. Sanderfon. 
 
 " It was the requefl: of Rainbow Bifhop of Carlifle, that no pomp or (late fhould be ufed at 
 his funeral, no more than any culogium fliould be made of him ffuch was his rare modelly 
 and humility); fo did he defire to be buried in Dalfton churchyard, and to have a plain ftone 
 laid over his grave, with no other infcription but that fuch a day and year died Edward, Bi- 
 fliop of Carlifle." Life of Bifiop Rai/ilioiv, p. 81.)
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 499 
 
 entertainmcntiei, toitf) ticrp little benefit to anp, toblcl), if bcaotocB 
 in piou0 mn charitable teo^feg, migbt retiounD to tbc public oi 
 
 piiMatC benefit of manp pCJCfong* This is a part of his will. 
 
 I am next to tell, that he died the 29th of January, 1662, and that his 
 body was buried in Bugden, the third day after his death ; and for the 
 manner, that it was as far from oftentation, as he dcliicd it ; and all the 
 reft of his will was as pundually performed. And when 1 have, to his juft 
 praifc, told this truth, that he died far from being rich, I (hall return back to 
 vilit, and give a further account of him on his lail fick-bed. 
 
 His lafl: will, of which I have mentioned a part, was made about three 
 weeks before his death, about which time, finding his ftrength to decay, by 
 rcafon of his eonftant infirmity, and a confumptive cough added to it, he re- 
 tired to his chamber, expreffing a defire to enjoy his laft thoughts to himfelf 
 in private, without diflurbance or care, cfpecially of what might concern this 
 world. Thus, as his natural life decayed, his fpiritual life feemed to be 
 more ftrong, and his faith more confirmed : Hill labouring to attain that 
 holinefs and purity, without which none Ihall fee God. And that not any 
 of his clergy (which are more numerous than any other hilltop's of this 
 nation) might fufFer by his retirement, he did, by commiffion, empower 
 his chaplain, Mr. Pullin", with epifcopal power, to give inftitutions to all 
 livings or church-preferments, during this his dil'ability to do it himfelf. In 
 this time of his retirement, which was wholly fpent in devotion, he longed 
 for his diffolution ; and when fome that loved him prayed for his recovery, 
 if he at any time found any amendment, he feemed to be difpleafed, by 
 faying, " His friends faid their prayers backward for him ; and that it was 
 " not his defire to live an ufclefs life, and, by filling up a place, keep ano- 
 " ther out of it that might do God and his church more fervice." He 
 would often with much joy and thankfulnefs mention, " that during his 
 
 3 Y 2 " being 
 
 " Mr. John PuUin, B. D. and formerly Fellow of Magdalen College, Cambridge. We find 
 his name fubfcribed to a copy of commendatory Latin verfes prefixed to " Duport's Greek 
 Vcrfion of Job." He \Vas a Prebendary of Lincoln, and alfo Chancellor of Lincoln.
 
 SCO THE LIFE OF 
 
 *' being a houfekeeper, which was more than forty years, there had not 
 " been one buried out of his family, and that he was now Uke to be the 
 " firft." He would alfo mention with thankfulnefs, " that, till he was 
 " threefcore years of age, he had never fpent five {hillings in law, nor, upon 
 " himfelf, fo much in wine : and rejoiced much that he had fo lived, as 
 " never to caufe an hour's forrow to his good father ; and that he hoped 
 " that he fhould die without an enemy." 
 
 He ii\ this retirement had the church prayers read in his chamber twice 
 every day ; and at nine at night fome prayers read to him and a part of his 
 family, out of " The Whole Duty of Man." As he was remarkably punc- 
 tual and regular in all his ftudies and adtions, fo he ufed himfelf to be for 
 his meals : and his dinner being appointed to be conftantly ready at the 
 ending of prayers, and he, expecting and calling for it, was anfwered, " It 
 " would be ready in a quarter of an hour." To which his reply was, with 
 fome earneftnefs, " A quarter of an hour I — Is a quarter of an hour no- 
 *' thing to a man that probably has not many hours to live ?" And though 
 he did live many hours after this, yet he lived not many days ; for the day 
 after (which was three days before his death) he was become fo weak and 
 weary either of motion or fitting, that he was content, or forced, to keep 
 his bed. In which I defire he may reft, till I have given fome fhort ac- 
 count of his behaviour there, and immediately before it. 
 
 The day before he took his bed (which was three days before his death) 
 he, that he might receive a new aflurance for the pardon of his fms paft, 
 and be ftrengthened in his way to the New Jerufalem, took the blefled fa- 
 crament of the body and blood of his and our bleffed Jefus, from the hands 
 of his chaplain Mr. Pullin, accompanied with his wife, children, and a 
 friend, in as awful, humble, and ardent a manner, as outward reverence 
 could exprefs^. After the praife and thankfgiving for this bleffing was 
 
 ended. 
 
 ' This narrative entirely confutes the rumour that was induftrioufly propagated concerning 
 this good man, " that, before his death, he repented of what he had written againft the Pref- 
 " byterians, and that on his death-bed, he would fuffer no hierarchical minifter to come to 
 ** pray with him, but defired, and had onlyPrelbyterians about him :" And further to contra- 
 
 dia
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 501 
 
 ended, he fpake to this piirpofe : " I have now to the great joy of my foul 
 " tafted of the all-faving facrificc of my Saviour's death and paflion ; and 
 " with it received a fpiritual affurance that my fms paft are pardoned, 
 " and my God at peace with me : and that I Ihall never have a will or 
 " power to do any thing that may feparate nay foul from the love of my 
 " dear Saviour. Lord confirm this belief in me ; and make me ftill to re- 
 " member that it was thou, O God, that tookeft me out of my mother's 
 " womb, and haft been the powerful Protector of me to this prefent mo- 
 ** ment of ray life : thou haft neither forfaken me now I am become grey- 
 " headed, nor fuffered me tq forfake thee in the late days of temptation, 
 " and facrifice my confcience for the prefers'ation of my liberty or eftate. 
 " It was not of myfelf but by grace tliat I have ftood, when others have 
 " fallen under my trials ; and thefe mercies I now remember with joy and 
 " thankfulnefs; and my hope and defire is, that I may die remembering this, 
 
 "and praifmg thee, my merciful God." The frequent repetition of the 
 
 Pfalms of David hath been noted to be a great part of the devotion of the pri- 
 mitive Chrifians : The Pfalms having in them, not only prayers and holy in- 
 flriiElions, hutfuch commemorations of God's mercies, as may prefer ve, comfort., 
 and confrm our dependence on the power, and providence, and mercy of our 
 Creator. And this is mentioned in order to telling, that as the holy Pi'almift 
 faid, that " his eyes fhould prevent both the dawning of the day and the 
 " night-watches, by meditating on God's word j" — fo it was Dr. Sander- 
 fon's conftant practice every morning to entertain his firft waking thoughts 
 with a repetition of thofe very pfalms that the Church hath appointed to 
 be conftantly read in the daily morning-fcrvice ; and having at night laid 
 him in his bed, he as conftantly clofed his eyes with a repetition of thofe 
 appointed for the fervice of the evening ; remembering and repeating the 
 very pfalms appointed for every day; and as the month had formerly ended 
 and began again, fo did this exercife of his devotion. And if the firft-fruits 
 
 of 
 
 dicl this report, Mr. Pullin, his houfehold chaplain, publifhed a fermon, preached at a vi- 
 fitation holden at Grantham, Oft. 8, 1641, the laft fermon that Dr. Sanderfon wrote with his 
 own hand. This fermon was printed in 1681, with all his other fermons, in one volume 
 
 folio.
 
 50 2 THE LIFE OF 
 
 of his waking thoughts were of the world, or what concerned it ; he would 
 arraign and condemn hiinfelf for it. Thus he began that work on earth 
 which is now the eniploj^ment of Dr. Hammond and him in heaven. 
 
 After his taking his bed, and about a day before his death, he defired his 
 chaplain, Mr. Pullin, to give him abfolution : and at his performing that 
 office, he pulled off his cap, that Mr. PulUn might lay his hand upon his 
 bare head. After this defire of his was fatisfied, his body feemed to be at 
 more eafe, and his mind more cheerful ; and he faid often, " Lord, forfake 
 *' me not now my ftrength faileth me, but continue thy mercy, and let my 
 ** mouth be ever filled with thy praife." He continued the remaining night 
 and day very patient, and thankful for any of the little offices that were per- 
 forrned for his eafe and refrelhment^ : and, during that time, did often fay 
 to himfelf the 103d Pfalm ; a pfalm that is compofcd of praife and confo- 
 latiftns, fitted for a dying foul, and fay alfo to himfelf very often thefc 
 words, *' My heart is fixed O God ! my heart is fixed where true joy is to 
 " be found." And now his thoughts feemed to be wholly of death, for 
 which he was fo prepared that that king of terrors could not furprife him 
 " as a thief in the night j" for he had often faid, *' he was prepared, and 
 " longed for it." And as this defire feemed to come from heaven, fo it left 
 him not, till his foul afcended to that region of blefled fpirits, whofe em- 
 ployments 
 
 T Thus Dr. Hammond, in his laft ficknefs, did not by peeviflinefs difquiet his attendants; 
 but was pleafed with every thing that was done, and liked every thing that was brought. — 
 (Life of Dr. Hammond, p. 227.) — ^Thcre are three of Archbi{hop Seeker's fermons which I read 
 repeatedly witli ferious attention— becaufe they apply to a condition in which the lot of huma- 
 nity will one day afluredly place me ; unlefs it fliould pleafe Almighty God to take me out of 
 this world by a fudden death. They are " on the Duties of the Sick," from Ifai. sxxviii. i, 
 2. The following paflage relates to our behaviour towards all who are about us in our fick- 
 nefs : — " We are ilridly bound to fliew them, peculiarly at that time, great humanity and 
 " goodnefs ; not requiring from them more fatiguing and conftant attendance than is fit; 
 " nor more care, (kill, and dexterity than is to be expeifted : reeolledting that our illncfs in- 
 " clines us to imagine things amifs in a degree beyond reality, and that others ought not to 
 " fufFer merely becaufe we do : thinking often hov/ difagreeable an office they go through, 
 " and what benefit and comfort we receive from it : begging tliem to forgive us thofe hafty 
 *' fallies of fretfulnefs and impatience, tliat fometimes will efcape us ; and making them good 
 " amends, in every way that we can, for all the trouble which they take about us." {^Secker's 
 Snmotis, Vol. III. p. 281.)
 
 ROBERT SANDERSON. 503 
 
 ployments are to join in concert •with his, and fing praife and glory to that 
 God, who hath brought him and them into that place, " into which fm and 
 " forrow cannot enter'." 
 
 ■ Thus this pattern of meeknefs and primitive innocence changed this for 
 a better life : — It is now too late to wifh that mine may be like his : for 
 I am in the eighty-fifth year of my age ; and God knows it hath not ; 
 but I moft humbly befeech Almighty God that my death may : and I do 
 as earneftly beg, that if any reader fliall receive any fatisfaclion from this 
 very plain, and as true relation, he will be fo charitable as to fay ^men \ 
 
 I. W. 
 
 SLES££D IS THAT MAN IN WHOSE SPIRIT THERE IS NO GUILE. PSAL. XSXU. Z, 
 
 * " Thus was he taken away with a happy euthanafia, compofedly, peaceably, and com- 
 fortably departing, giving himfelf to prayer, meditations, and difcourfes, which his own 
 ftrength could bear, full of the grace and peace of God, and confirmed by the abfolution of 
 the church." (Reafon and Judgment, ^c. p. ^2-) 
 
 * However diverfified the conditions of men are, there is one common event to all. When 
 the hour of death approaches, the diftintlions of worldly pomp are of no a\'ail. At that aw- 
 ful period every confolation will vanilTi, except that which flows from the confcioufnefs of 
 
 doing well, and the expectance of another life. The examples recorded in the preceding 
 
 pages prefent to our view tlie noblell of all fpcclacles — the calm compofure, the pious reCg- 
 nation of good men, who, having finifhed their earthly courfe of virtuous conduct, anticipate 
 the bleflcdnefs of the heavenly ftate, and, full of joyful hope and humble confidence in the 
 merits of a Redeemer, clofe the lad fcene with dignity and honour. 
 
 " Sic mihi contingat vivere, ficque mori I"
 
 The Letter of Dr. Barlow, Bifliop of Lincoln, mentioned in page 48 2 j 
 is inferted in the Life of Mr. Ifaac Walton, prefixed to this work.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 X 
 
 THE WORKS OF DR. ROBERT SANDERSON. 
 
 I. «« LOGICS ARTIS COMPENDIUM. Oxon. 1615."— 8vo. 
 
 II. " PHYSICiE SCIENTItE COMPENDIUM, a Rodehto Sandkrson, Coll. Lincoln, 
 in alma Oxonienfi olirn focio, &c. ante multos annos Lucis ufurK dcftinatum, nunc vero ex 
 authentico Manufcripto primo Impreflum. Oxouta, 1671." 
 
 in. SERMONS. " Dr. Samlerfon's XII. Sermons, 1632." 4to.— " Dr. S.andcrfon's 
 Sermons, (including the twelve before printed) 1664." Folio. — " Ditto, w itii Iiis Life by 
 Ifaac Walton, 1689" Folio. 
 
 IV. " NINE CASES of CONSCIENCE DETERMINED, 1678, 16S5." 8vo— Several 
 of thefe were printed feparately. Two in 1658 (not in 1628, as Wood ailerts). Three more 
 in 1667. Another in 1674, and one in 1678. 
 
 The lad of thefe Nine Ca£cs is " Of the Ufe of the Liturgyj" the very fan)c trad whicii was 
 publidied by Ifaac Walton in his " Life of Dr. Sanderfon, 1678," under the title of " 13ilhop 
 Sandcrfon's Judgment concerning Submiilion to Ufurpers." In this tract is given a full ac- 
 count of the manner in which Dr. Sanderfon conducted himfelf, in performing the fervice of 
 the church, in the times of the Ufurpation. 
 
 V. «<DE JURAMENIl PROMISSORII OBLIGATIONE PRiELECTIONES SEP- 
 TEM: HABITS in SCHOLA TIIEOLOGICA OXONII, Tcrmino Michaelis, anno Dom. 
 MDCXLVI. a Roberto Sanderson. Prxmifsa Orations ab eodem habita cum pubiicani 
 Profeffionem aufpicaretur, 26 October, 1646. Loml. 1647." 
 
 Thefe LecTiures were tvanllated into the Englifli language by Charles I. during his confine- 
 ment in the Ilk of Wight, and printed at London, in 1655. — 8vo. 
 
 VL " DE OBLIGATIONE CONSCIENTI^E PllyELECTIONES DECEM OXONII 
 in SCHOLa THEOLOGICA HABITS, anno Dom. MDCXLVII. An Englilh tranlla- 
 tion .of the " Prelections on the Nature and Obligation of Proniinbry Oaths and of Con- 
 fcience" was publifhed in 3 vol. 8vo. Lornhn^ 1 722. 
 
 VII. « CENSURE of Mr. ANTON. ASCII AM his BOOK of the CONFUSIONS and 
 REVOLUTIONS of GOVERNMENT. London, 1649."— 8vo. Of Anthony Afcham, 
 who was appointed by the Riinsp Parliament their agent, or rcfident in the Court of Spain, 
 in 1649, and who was killed in his apartments, at Madrid, by fomc Englifli Royalifts, fee 
 " Wood's Ath. Ox." Vol. II. col. 38;. 
 
 3 Z MIL <« EPIS-
 
 5o6 APPENDIX. 
 
 Vlir. " EPISCOPACY (as eRablifiied by Lnw in England) NOT PREJUDICIAL to 
 REGAL POWER. Written in the Time of the Long Parliament, by the fpecial Command 
 of the late Kinp;. London, 1673." 
 
 IX. " DISCOURSE CONCERNING the CHURCH, in THESE PARTICULARS : 
 Firlt, concerning the Vifibility of the true Church: Secondly, concernnig the Church of 
 Rome. London, i638." Publiflied by Dr. W. Aflieton, of Brazen-nofe College, Oxford, 
 from a MS. communicated to him by INIr. John Pullen, the Billiop's domeftic chaplain. 
 
 X. I. " BISHOP SANDERSON'S JUDGMENT concerning SUBMISSION to USURP- 
 ERS." 2. " PAX ECCLESI^." 3. «« BISHOP SANDERSON'S JUDGMENT in ONE 
 VIEW for the SETTLEMENT of the CHURCH." This trad is written by way of queftion 
 and anfwer. Anthony Wood tells us, that the queftions were formed by the publillier, and 
 that the anfwers were made up of fcraps, without any alteration, taken out of the prefaces 
 and fermons of the Bifliop. 4. " REASONS of the prefent JUDGMENT of the UNIVER- 
 SITY of OXFORD, concerning the SOLEMN LEAGUE and COVENANT, the NEGA- 
 TIVE OATH, the ORDINANCES concerning DISCIPLINE and WORSHIP. London, 
 1678." Thefe tracfls are annexed to " Ifaac Walton's Life of Dr. Sanderfon." 1678. 
 
 XL A large " PREFACE" to a book written at the command of Charles I. by Archbilhop 
 Uflier, and publillied by Dr. Sanderfon, entitled "The POWER communicated by GOD 
 to the PRINCE, and the OBEDIENCE required of the SUBJECT. London, 1661."— 4to. 
 A fecor.d corrected edition of this work was publlflied in 8vo, 1683. See " Kennet's 
 Regifter," p. 347. 
 
 XIL "A PREFATORY DISCOURSE" prefixed to a' colleaion ofTreatifes, entitled 
 « CLAVI TR ABALES, or NAILES faftened by fome great MASTERS of ASSEMBLYES, 
 concerning the KING's SUPREMACY and CHURCH GOVERNMENT under BISHOPS; 
 the particulars of which are as followeth: 
 
 ' I. Two Speeches of the late Lord Primate Uflier's. The one of the King's Supremacy ; 
 the other of the Duty of Subjefls to fupply the King's NeccfTities. 
 
 ' 2. His Judgment and Praftice in point of Loyalty, Epifcopacy, Liturgy, and Conditu- 
 tions of the Church of England. 
 
 ' 3. Mr. Hooker's Judgment of the King's Power in Matters of Religion, Advancement of 
 Bifhops, &c. 
 
 ' 4. Bifhop Andrews of Church Government, &c. ; both confirmed and enlarged by the fiiid 
 Primate. 
 
 * 5. A Letter of Dr. Hadrianus Saravia, of the like fubje<fls. Unto which is added a Ser- 
 mon of Regal Power, and the Novelty of the Doftrine of Refinance. Publiflicd by Nicholas 
 Bernard, DocTior of Divinity, and Redor of Whitchurch in Shropdiire. 
 
 ' Si totus orbis adverfus me conjuraret, ut quidquam molircr adverfus regiam Majeflatem, 
 ego tamen Deum timerem, et ordinatum ab eo Regem offendere teniere non auderem. 
 Bern. Ep. L 70. ad Ludovkum Regem, an. 1 130. London, 1 66 1.' 
 
 The Preface, written by Dr. Sanderfon, is dated "London, Aug. lo, i66i,"and fubfcribed 
 " The unworthy fervant of Jefus Chrifl:, Ro. Lincoln." 
 
 xin. "PRO-
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 507 
 
 XIII. " PROPHECIES concerning the RETURN of POPERY," inferted in a book entitled 
 * Fair Warning: Tlie fecund Part. Loudon, 1 663.' Tiiis volume containing alfo fcveral cxtradts 
 from the "Writings of Archbilhop Whitgift, and Mr. Richard Hooker, was pubiiftied with a 
 view to oppofe the Sectaries, who vi'ere faid to be opening a door at which Popery would 
 certainly enter. 
 
 XIV. " The PREFACE to the BOOK of COMMON PRAYER," beginning with thefc 
 words; " It hath been the wifdom of the church" 
 
 XV. " EniMOMii;, feu EXPLANaTIO JURAMENTI," &c. inferted in the ' Excerpta e 
 Corpore Statutorum Univ. Oxonicnfis,' p. 194. It was written to explain the Oath of Obliga- 
 tion to obfervc the penal Statutes. 
 
 XVI. " ARTICLES of VISIT ATION and ENQUIRY concerning MATTERS ECCLE- 
 SIASTICAL, exhibited to the Miniflers, Churchwardens, and Sidemen of every Parifli within 
 the Dioccfc of Lincoln, in the firft epifcopal Vifitation of the Right Rev. Father in God, 
 Robert, by Divine Providence, Lord Bilhop of Lincoln ; with the Oath to be adminiitercd to 
 the Churchwardens, and the Biihop's Admonition to them. London, 1662." — 410. See an 
 account of tliis excellent tra£t in " Kennet's Regiftcr," p. 727 
 
 XVir. Mr. Peck, in the « Defiderata Curiofa,' Vol. II. has inferted " The HISTORY and 
 ANTIQUITIES of the CATHEDRAL CHURCH of the BlelTcd Virgin St. MARY, at 
 LINCOLN ; containing an exaft Copy of all the monumental Infcriptions there, ia Number 
 163, as they flood in 1641 ; moft of which were foon after torn up, or otherwifo defaced. 
 Colleded by Robert Sanderson, S. T. P. afterwards Lord Bilhop of that Church, and 
 cotnpared with and correded by Sir William Dugdale's MS. Survey." 
 
 Dr. White Keimet, Bifliop of Peterborough, had in his poflellion the copies of two letters 
 tranfcribed from the originals that were in the hands of Bilhop Barlow. 1. Superfcribed 
 " For Mr. Thomas Barlow, at the Library in Oxon," and fubfcribed " Your very loving friend 
 and fervant, Robert Sanberso.n," dated " Botheby Pagnell, Sept. 28, 1656," importuning 
 Dr. Barlow, " to undertake the managing that difpute in the queflion of great importance 
 upon the ancient landinarks, by Dr. Jeremy Taylor ; fo unhappily (and fo unfeafonably too) 
 endeavoured to be removed in the dodlrine of original fin." 2. Another letter of Dr. Saader- 
 fon to Dr. Barlow, at Queen's College, dated "Botheby Pagnell, Sept. 17, 1657," expreffing 
 himfelf, "That Dr. Taylor is fo peremptory and pertinacious of his errors, as not to hearken 
 to the fober advices of his grave, reverend, and learned friends, amidft the diftraclions of 
 thefe times," &c. See " Kennet's Regifter," p. 633. 
 
 The tveatlfe here alluded to is entitled " Unum Neceflarium, or the Do»Slrine and Practice 
 of Repentance, defcribing the NecelFity and Meafures of a ilridi, holy, and a Chriftian Life, 
 and refcucd from popular errors. By Jer. Taylor, D. D." In the fixtli chapter of this trca- 
 tife the author difcuflcs the fubje(ft of original fin otherwife than it is commonly explained in 
 the Church of England; whofe ninth article affirms, that " the natural propenfity to evil, and 
 the perpetual lulling of the flefh againft the fpirit, deferves the anger of God|and damnation." 
 See alfo another trad inferted in Taylor's Polemical and Moral Difcourfes, under the title 
 
 3Z2 of
 
 5c8 APPENDIX. 
 
 of " Deus Juftificatus ; or a Vindication of the Glory of the Divine Attributes in the Queftion 
 of original Sin, in a Letter to a Pcrfon of Quality." 
 
 It is foreign to my purpofe to examine this fubjed of controverfy. What Dr. Jeremy 
 Taylor has advanced upon the quellion proceeded from the beft motives, according to his 
 own motto, — " Nihil opinionis gratia, omnia confcientix faciam." 
 
 Dr. Sanderfon and Dr. Hammond were jointly concerned in a work entitled " A PACI- 
 FIC DISCOURSE of GOD'S GRACE and DECREES," and publinied by the latter in 
 1660. 
 
 It would be improper not to obferve, that in the preface to the Polyglott Bible, printed at 
 London in 1657, Dr. Bryan Walton has clafled Dr. Sanderfon among thofe of his much 
 Jionoured friends wlio aflifted him in that noble work. 
 
 ADDENDA.
 
 ADDENDA. 
 
 Page 62, line 5, his behved London.'] When it is recollccled how much Dr. Donne wa« 
 attached to London, we are furprifed to find that in one of his letters he fpeaks of plaguy 
 London. Let it be remarked, that this word had not at that time a burlefquc fcnfc. Donne, 
 in one of his elegies, has " Death's plaguy jaws ;" i. c. afleded with the plague. 
 
 Page 65, line 11, Dr. Gataker.] Mr. Walton tells us, that Dr. Donne was chofen preacher 
 to the Society of Lincoln's Inn, upon the removal of Mr. Thomas Gataker. But this is a 
 miftake : for Mr. Gataker, who is improperly ftyled Do£lor, having never taken any degree 
 but that of Bachelor of Divinity, left Lincoln's Inn for the redory of Rotherhithe in Surrey, 
 in 161 1 ; fix years before Dr. Donne was chofen there. 
 
 Page 94, line 5, that glafs.] " In the account of churchwardens of St. Helens, in Abing- 
 ton, Berks, IVd. was paid for an hourglafs for the pulpit, 1591. Archaohg. Vol. I. p. 22. 
 There is fcarcely perhaps an earlier mention of this implement. It was ufed at Paul's Crofs 
 in 1616; for in a painting of that and the church of that date, now in the library of the 
 Society of Antiquarians of London, I obferved an hourglafs near the preacher ; and the 
 cuftom continued till after the Reftoration; for a very fine one which coft XVIII fliiliings, 
 was brought from Holland to Lynn in Norfolk. Blomefield's Hijiory, Fol. W. p. 131. The 
 iron frames in which they ftood are fometimcs ftill feen near pulpits." (Sir John Culltim's 
 Hijl. and Antiq. of Hanjied, p. 34.^ 
 
 Page 116.] A {^itltical poem, called " A Scourge for Paper Peifecutors, by I. D. 1625," 4to, 
 lias been attributed to Dr. Donne. It was written by John Davies of Hereford, and is 
 printed in his " Scourge of Folly," 8vo, M-hich is not inferted by Wood umong the works of 
 Davies. Sec " Wood's Ath. Ox." Vol. I. col. 444. 
 
 Dr. Donne is efteemed the author of a Latin epitaph, infcribed on a monument creeled in 
 the church of Handed in Suflblk, to the memory of Mrs. Elizabeth Drury, cldelt tiaughtcr of 
 Sir Robert Drury, Knight, who died in 1610, in the 15th year of her age. She was the" 
 heirefs of an immenfe fortune, and is faid to have been dcftined for the confort of Henry 
 Prince of Wales. The Lines by Dr. Donne, inferted in " The Spectator," No. 41, and 
 affirmed to allude to his millrcfs, were really written on this l.idy, the innocent and lovely 
 daughter of his friend. Tradition reports, that flie died of a box on the ear, which her father 
 gave her. This conceit rofe probably from her being reprefented on her monument as reclining 
 her head on one hand ; juil as the Aory of Lord Ruficl's daughter dying of a prick of her 
 
 finger.
 
 5i< 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 
 finger, took its origin from lier ftatue in Weftminfter Abbey, which reprcfcnts her as holding 
 down her finger, and pointing to a Death's head at her feet. 
 
 In tlie fame church of Handed, is another monument, with an infcription, fuppofcd to be 
 written by Dr. Donne, commemorating both Sir William Drury, who, in 1589, was killed in 
 a duel, in France, by Sir John Borough, Knight, and Sir Robert Drury, Knight, his fon, 
 who died in 1615. See " Hill, and Antiq. of Handed," p. 143. 
 
 " A Copy of Verfcs, by Dr. Donne," is prefixed to " Captain Smith's Hiftory of Virginia, 
 1626." Fol. 
 
 Page 152, line 20, a ivi/1 0/ conceits.] The paflage, to which Ifaac Walton alludes, is in a 
 poem of Dr. Donne's, entitled " The Will." 
 
 " I give my reputation to thofc 
 
 " Which were my friends; mine indultry to foes ; 
 
 " To fchoolmcn I bequeath my doubtfulnefs ; 
 
 " My ficknefs to phyficians, or excefs; 
 
 " To Nature all that I in rhyme have writ, 
 
 " Ami to my company my wit." 
 
 Page 156, line 26, Bi/ljop of Spalato.] The opinion ufually entertained concerning the 
 condu(ft: of " De Dominis," upon his return to Rome, is Icfs favourable to his charadler than 
 he deferves, if we may judge from the narrative of Dr. John Cofm, Bilhop of Durham, in 
 ]iis " Hiilory of Tranfubftantiation," C. II. § vii. We are afTured, that on his departure from 
 England, he left in writing this memorable declaration : " I am refolved, even with the danger 
 of my life, to profefs before the Pope himfelf, that the Church of England is a true and 
 orthodox Church of Chrifl." This he not only promifed, but faithfully performed. He 
 could never be perfuaded by the Jefuits or others, either to fubfcribe to the tieiv-devift-d tenets 
 of the Council of Trent, or to retraft thofe orthodox books which he had printed in England 
 and Germany, or to renounce the Communion of the Church of England, in whofe defence 
 he conftantly perfided to the very lad. 
 
 Page 176, line 21, Hi/lory of England. ] " Sir Henry Wotton had a penfion of 200I. fettled 
 on him in the third year of this reign (of Charles I.), which was now augmented to 500I. to 
 enable him to compofe " The Ancient Hidory of England," and to bcdow lool. on the amanu- 
 enfes and clerks neceflary to be employed in that work." fjtia Regia,p. 815.) 
 
 Page 191, line 14, Reliquiit jroiioniana.] In Cibber's, or rather Shield's Lives of the Poets, 
 the only fpecimen given of Sir Henry Wotton's poetry, is the famous compofition, " The 
 World's a Bubble," which, in " The Reliquia; Wottonianas," is faid to have been found among 
 his papers, the author unknown. Farnabie, in his " Epigrammata Sele£ta, 1629," afcribes it 
 to Lord Bacon. He has tranllated it into Greek, and has fome various readings. 
 
 Of Sir Henry Wotton's Latin Panegyric on Charles I. there are two tranflations by un- 
 known hands : The one is inferted in " The Reliqui?e Wottonianx ;" the other is very 
 
 fcarce.
 
 ADDENDA. 511 
 
 fcarce, printed in a very fmall twenty-fours, on a large type, containing u8 pages, befidcs the 
 Dedication and Preface. 
 
 A 
 
 Panegyrick 
 of King Charles, 
 being oblervations 
 upon the inclination 
 life &. govern- 
 -ment of our Sove- 
 -raign Lord the 
 
 King. 
 Written by 
 
 Sir Henry Wotton, Knight, 
 Provoft of Eaton Colledg, 
 a little before his Death, 
 
 And printed for Richard Marriott, 
 London. 
 
 Several of Sir Henry Wotton's letters are inferted in *' Cabala, or Myfteries of State. Loii- 
 doti, 1654." in 4to-, and in " Cabala, or Scrinia facra. London^ 1663." Fol.: Alfo in " Straf- 
 ford's Letters and Dcfpatches, 1739." Fol. 
 
 The two following tradls, which arc noticed in p. 191, as written by Sir Henry Wotton 
 were never printed; namely, 
 
 •' The Journal of his Embaffics to Venice;" a MS. fairly written, and formerly in the 
 library of Lord Edward Conway. 
 
 " Three Propofitions to the Count d'Angofciola;" not as it has been erroneoufly printed, 
 " The Court of Angofciola, in Matters of Duels ;" — a MS. preferved in the library of the 
 College of Arms 
 
 Page 216, line ult, remarlabk fcholars.'] The celebrity of this college, founded in 15 16, by 
 Dr. Richard Fox, Biftiop of Winchcfter, was in fome meafurc prediifled by Erafmus, in a 
 letter to his friend, Dr. John Claymond, the firfl; prefident : " Mihi praefagit Animus futu- 
 rum olim ut ilhid Collegium, ceu Tcmplum facrofan£lum, optimis Uteris dicatum, toto terra- 
 rum orbe, inter prxcipua Decora Britannix numeretur." Sec " Knight's Life of Erafmus," 
 p. 211. 
 
 Page 253, line 3, Tovi Najh.'\ The three titles mentioned by Walton belong all to one 
 pampWct, which Gabriel Hcrvie fuppofes to be written by Lylly. 
 
 Page
 
 512 ADDENDA. 
 
 Page 264, line 12, //; that church.] In Queen Elizabeth's time, the form of fubfcriptlon, 
 required from thofe who were preferred in the Church, was in thefc words : " We, whofe 
 "names are here underwritten, do declare and unfainedly tcftifyour aflent to all and fingular 
 "the Articles of Religion, and the Confeffion of the true Chriflian Faith, and the Dotlrlne of 
 " the Sacrament, comprifcd in a book, intituled ' Articles whereupon it was agreed by the 
 " Arehbifliops and Bifliops of both Provinces, and the whole Clergy, in the Convocation 
 " hoklen at London in tlie year of our Lord God 1562, according to the Computation of 
 " the Church of England, for the avoiding of the Diverfities of Opinions, and for the efta- 
 " blifhlng of Confent touching true Religion, put forth by the Queen's Authority,' And in 
 " tellimony of fuch our aflents, we have hereunto fubfcribcd our names, with our own 
 " proper hands, as hereafter followeth." 
 
 Among thofe who fubfcribed to this form, " it pleafed me," faith Dr. Bernard, " to find 
 " the Iiand of the reverend and learned Mr. Hooker thus fubfcribing : ' Per me Richardum 
 "•Hooker, Clericum, in Artibus Magldrum, prsefentatum ad Canonicatum et Praben- 
 " *dam de Neather-havcn, in Ecclefia cathedrali Sarum, 17 Julii, 1591.' " (Clavi Trahala.) 
 
 Page 494, line i, ivcll chofcii.l Aquinas, when afked with what compendium a man might 
 beft become learned, anfwered, " By reading of one book:" meaning, that an underftanding 
 entertained with feveral objcifls, is intent upon none of them, and profits not. (Taylyr's Life 
 of ChriJI, p. 2^1.) 
 
 INDE X.
 
 INDEX, 
 
 Abbot, Dr. George, Archbifhop of 
 
 Canterbury, page 19 
 — — — — Robert, Bifliop of Salifbury, 
 
 22. 421 
 Alexander vifiting the tomb of Achilles, loi 
 Allen, Cardinal, 266 
 Alvey, Mr. 231 
 Ambaflador, definition of, 151 
 Ambrofe, St. 56 
 Andrews, Dr. Lancelot, Bifliop of Win- 
 
 chefler, 52. 401 
 Angels, good office of, 368 
 Angel, guardian, affigned to every man, 48 
 Angling, a favourite diverCon with the Eng- 
 
 lifli, XXV. 
 Aquinas, Thomas, 494. 5 1 2 
 Arminius, 166 
 Afcham, Mr. Anthony, 505 
 Aftrology, judicial, 131 
 Athanafius llandered, 277 
 Auguftine, St. 56. 78 
 Aylmer, Dr. John, Bifliop of London, 227 
 
 B 
 Bacon, Sir Francis, 340 
 Baker, Sir Richard, his chara£ler of Dr. 
 
 Donne and Sir Henry Wotton, xviii 
 Baldi, Octavio, 141 
 Bargrave, Dr. Ifaac, 176 
 Barkeham, Dr. John, 19 
 Barker, Mr. Thomas, xx:ii. 
 
 4A 
 
 Barlow, Dr. Thomas, Bp. of Lincoln, xxi. 481 
 
 ■ Dr. William, Bifliop of Lincoln, 401 
 
 Barrow, Henry, 298 
 
 Bafilicon, Doron, 335 
 
 Baffano the elder, 184 
 
 Baxter, ]\Ir. Richard, 323. 486 
 
 Bedel, Dr. William, Bifliop of Kilmore, 149. 
 173 
 
 Bellarmine, 30 
 Beza, Tlieodore, 134 
 
 Blague, Colonel, xii. 
 Blake, Mr. David, 236 
 
 Bocton Malhcrbe, 1 19 
 Bodley, Sir Thomas, 205 
 Bohemia, Queen of, 68. 155 
 Bond, Dr. Nicholas, 232 
 Bofl:ock, Mr. 377 
 Bouillon, Duke of, 403 
 Boyde, Alexander, 67 
 Boyle, Mr. 163. 165. 48Q 
 Briglitman, Mr. Thomas, 4515 
 Brook, Mr. Chriftophcr, 36 
 
 Dr. Samuel, 35 
 
 Brown, Robert, founder of the BrowniRs, 
 
 Q-91 
 Buchanan, George, 404 
 Buckridge, Dr. John, Bifliop of Roclicfler, 
 
 401 
 Bugden, improvements at, by Williams, 
 
 Bifliop of Lincoln, 493 
 
 Bull,
 
 5H 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Bull, Dr. George, 461 
 
 Burghlcy, Lord Treafurcr, Mr. Hooker's 
 letter to liini, 265 
 
 Burnet, Dr. Gilbert, Bifl.op of Sallfbury, 
 xxxli. 1 50 
 
 Barton, Dr. Joh.^, 363. 494 
 C 
 
 Ccfar, Sir Julius, 158 
 
 Caldwell, Dr. John, Bidiop of Salilbury, 264 
 
 Carew, Sir George, 222 
 
 Carey, Dr. Valentine, Bifliop of Exeter, 68 
 
 Carre, Sir Robert, 85 
 
 Cartwright, Mr. Thomas, 249 
 
 William, 1. 
 
 Cafaubon, I{\iac, 134 
 
 Merle, 439 
 
 Chalkhill, John, Efq. xxxvii. 
 
 Charles I. 434. 449 
 
 Charles V. Emperor, 34. 163. 304 
 
 Chark. Mr. William, 287 
 
 Magna Charta, the Firfl: Article of, 244 
 
 Chelfca, refidence of the Bifliops of Win- 
 chcfter, 198 
 
 Chetterfield, Philip Earl of xviii. 
 
 Chillingworth, Mr. 409 
 
 Chudlcigh, Mr. 58 
 
 Churchman, Mr. John, 226 
 
 Mrs. 228 
 
 Clarke, Mr. an aftive minlfter for the Par- 
 liament, 469 
 
 Clavi Trabales, 290. 506 
 
 Clement VIII. Pope, 146 
 
 Cole, Dr. William, 210 
 
 Colleas of the Church of England, 365 
 
 Confeffional, author of, 248. 273. 480. 485 
 
 Coppinger, Edmund, 325 
 
 Corbet, Dr. Richard, Bifhop of Norwich, 105 
 
 Corpus Chrifti College in Oxford, celebrity 
 of, 216. 511 
 
 Cotton, Mr. Charles, xxxi. 14 
 
 The Covenant, 441 
 
 Cowley's Elegy on Sir Henry Wotton, 189 
 
 Cowper, Sir William, 285 
 
 Cranmer, Edmund, Archdeacon of Canter- 
 bury, X. 
 
 Mr. George, 222. his Letter to 
 
 Mr. Hooker, 293 
 
 Dr. Thomas, Archbifliop of Can- 
 terbury, X. 
 
 Mr. William, 201 
 
 Creighton, Dr. Robert, Bifliop of Bath and 
 Wells, 353 
 
 Croft, Dr. Herbert, Bifliop of Hereford, xxxii 
 
 Crook, Mr. Charles, 421 
 
 CrofTe, Dr. Robert, 452 
 
 Croyden, alms-liQufe at, founded by Arch- 
 bifliop Whitgift, 247 
 
 CufFe, Mr. Henry, 1 36 
 
 Curie, Dr. Walter, Bifliopof Winchefter,3j4 
 D 
 
 Danvers, Lord Henry, 352 
 
 Darnelly's Verfcs on Dr. Donne, 65 
 
 Davenant, Dr. John, Bifliop of Salifljury, 357 
 
 Sir William, 162 
 
 Davifon, William, 223 
 
 Death-bed feene contrafted, xlvii. 
 
 Dering, Mr. Edward, 236 
 
 Divines, Aflembly of, 442 
 
 Marcus Antonius de Dominis, 156. 510 
 
 Leonardo Donato, Duke of Venice, 145 
 
 Donne, Dr. John, charadter of his Sermons, 
 xiv. of his poetry, 76 
 
 Dr. John, junior, xv. xvi. 
 
 Dorfet, Edward Sackville, Earl of, 70 
 
 Richard Sackville, Earl of, 69 
 
 Dort, Synod of, 87 
 
 Drake, Sir Francis, 206 
 
 Drury, Sir Robert, 45. 509 
 
 Dugdale, Sir William, 451 
 
 Duncan, Mr. Edmund, 377 
 
 Duport, Dr. James, xxvii. JIJ- 339 
 
 Duppa, Dr. Bryan, Bifliop of Winchefter, 80 
 E 
 
 Eagle ftealing from the altar, 244 
 
 Earle,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Ea'rle, Dr. John, Blfhop of Salifljury, 268 
 Egerton, Lord Chancellor, Elfemore, 3 1 
 
 Eixi.> Ba»-iXiK)i, 463 
 
 Elfemore, Lady, 33 
 
 Epitaph on Dr. William Hawkins, xli. 
 
 — — — Mrs. Hawkins, xli. 
 
 Mr. Ifaac Walton, xl. 
 
 ■ Mr. Ifaac Walton, jun. xliv. 
 
 Mrs. Walton, xl. 
 
 Erafo, Secretary to Charles V. 34 
 
 Eflex, Robert, Earl of, 136. 439 
 
 Eton College, the Provofllhip of, value of, 160 
 F 
 
 Fell, Dr. Samuel, 452 
 
 Ferdinand, King of Bohemia, 6S 
 
 I. Grand Duke of Florence, 140 
 
 Ferrar, Mr. Nicholas, 348. 378 
 Feftivals of the Church, 370 
 Fialetto Edoardo, a Venetian painter, 181 
 Field, Nathaniel, 8 
 
 Dr. Richard, 8 
 
 Flatman, Mr. xxxvii. 
 
 Florence, 138 
 
 Frederick, Elector Palatine, elc<fled King of 
 
 Bohemia, 66 
 Fulgentio, 88 
 
 Fuller, Dr. Thomas, xix. 199. His VcrCes 
 on Bilhop Jewell, 213 
 G 
 Gardner, Dr. 454 
 Garthwaite, Mr. Timothy, 472 
 Gataker, Mr. 65.- 509 
 Gaudcn, Dr. John, Bilhop of WorccRer, 
 
 6. 199 
 Gentilis, Albericus, 132 
 Gill-thwalt, near Rotheram, 414 
 Goodyer, Sir Henry, 79 
 Grefliam, Sir Thomas, ii. 
 Grctzerus, 271 
 
 Grindal, Dr. Edmund, Archbilliop of Can- 
 terbury, 241 
 Grotiusj 4t6 
 
 Gunring, Dr. Peter, Bifliop of Ely, 488 
 
 H 
 Hacket, William, 234 
 Hales, Mr. John, of Eton, xxv. 17 
 Hall, Dr. Jofeph, Bifliop of Norwich, 80 
 Hamilton, James, Marquis of, 344 
 Hammond, Dr. Henry, 84. 227. 362. 433. 
 
 436. 463 
 Harding, Dr. Thomas, 218 
 Harriott, Mr. xxxvi. 
 Harrifon, Mr. John, Fellow of Eton College, 
 
 180 
 Harfnet, Dr. Samuel, Archbifliop of York, 61 
 Hart, John, 218 
 Harvie, Mr. Chriftopher, li. 
 Hawkins, Dr. William, xli. 
 Hay, Lord, Earl of Doiicaller, 45. 67 
 Heavy-tree, near Exeter, 205 
 Heliotropium, 79 
 Hinchman, Dr. Humphry, Bifliop of Salif-- 
 
 bury, 362 
 Herbert, Mrs. mother of Mr. George Her- 
 bert, xlvii. 321^327 
 ———Mrs. wife of Mr. George Her- 
 bert, xlvii. 
 
 Charles, 323 
 
 Lord, Edward, of Cherbury, 3:1 
 
 —^^■^— Sir Edward, 85 
 ■ Elizabeth, 324 
 
 — — — Frances, 324 
 ■ Sir Henry, 323 
 
 Margaret, 324 
 
 Richard, 319, 322 
 
 Sir Richard, ^20 
 
 — Thomas, 324 
 
 • • Sir Thomas, 450 
 
 — -^— William, 322 
 
 Hertford, William, Earl of, 439 
 
 Hooker, Mr. John, 208 
 
 Horton, Sampfon, pariih clerk to M:. 
 
 Hooker, 274 
 Hour-glafs in churches, 94. 509 
 
 HowlanJ,
 
 5i6 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Hovvland, Dr. Riclurd, IJiiliop of Peter- 
 borough, 2; I 
 Iloyle, Dr Jofliua, 452 
 
 J 
 
 Jackfcii, Mr. Henry, 19. (313) 
 
 — — — Dr. Thomas, 217 
 
 James I. 50. 51. His cUre£lions to the Unl- 
 
 verfity of Oxford, 424 
 Jerome, St. 329 
 Jewel], Dr. John, Bifliop of Sali(bur\', 205. 
 
 209 213 
 Ignatius, Bifliop of Anticch, 18 
 Johnfon, Ben, xxxiv. 
 
 Dr. Samuel, his Latin Tranflation 
 
 of Chalkhill's Verfes, xxxix. 
 Ireland, Mr. 326 
 
 Juxon, Dr. William, Lord Trcafurer, 183. 
 450 
 
 K 
 Ken, Dr. Thomas, Bifiiop of Bath and 
 
 Wells, xi. xli. 
 Thomas a Kempis, 230 
 Kilbie, Dr. Richard, 417, 418 
 Killigrew, Sir Henry, 223 
 King, Dr. Henry, Bidiop of Chichefter, 
 15. 107 
 
 John, Bifliop of London, 401 
 
 Kingfmill, Mr. Thomas, 225 
 
 L 
 Lake, Dr. Arthur, Bifliop of Bath and 
 
 Wells, 374. 423 
 Lambard, Mr. William, 121 
 Langbaine, Dr. Gerard, 448 
 Laud, Dr. William, Archbifliop of Canter- 
 bury, 434. 467 
 Lai'ton-Bromefwoltl, church of, 346 
 Lenox, James, Duke of, 348 
 
 Lodowick, Duke of, 439 
 
 Leoniceni, xxxix. 
 Juftus Lipfius, 272 
 
 Love and Truth, a trad written by Ifaac 
 Walton, xxxii. 
 
 Lovelaca, Colonel, 171 
 Luther, Martin, 1 76. 494 
 
 M 
 Martin, Mar-prelate, 252 
 Mary Magdalen, 317 
 INIary Q.ueen of Scots, her funeral fermon, 
 
 251 
 Mede, Mr. Jofcpli, 422 
 Melvin, or Melville, Andrev,', 337. 398 
 Milton, Sir Henry Wotton's l.etter to, 185 
 
 his definition of Eloquence, xlvi. 
 
 Monica, the mother of St. Auguftine, 212 
 Montague, Dr. James, Bifliop of "Winchcfter, 
 
 ISIontgomery Caftle, 319 
 
 Moore, Rev. Charles, his Inquiry into the 
 
 Nature of Suicide, 86 
 Moor, Sir George, 33 
 MorhofF, George, his Account of Dr. 
 
 Donne, xvi. 
 Morley, Dr. George, Bifliop of Wincheflier, 
 
 xlii. 3. 453 
 Morrifon, Mr. 222 
 Morton, Sir Albertus, 169. 171 
 
 Mrs. Elecnora, 124 
 
 Dr. Thomas, Bifliop of Durham, 
 
 39. 202 
 Monficur le Mot, Ambaflador into Scotland, 
 
 237 
 Mofes, meeknefs not peculiarly applicable to 
 
 him, 55 
 ISIountfort, Dr. Thomas, 16 
 Mountjoy, Lord, 223 
 Murray, Mr. Thomas, 159 
 Church Mufic, 78. 372 
 N 
 Nafli, Mr. Thomas, 253. 511 
 Naunton, Sir Robert, 334 
 Neale, Dr. Richard, Archbifliop of York, 325 
 Netherfole, Sir Francis, 334 
 Nevi!, Dr. Thomas, 326 
 Newport, Sir R.ichard, 320 
 
 Northumberland,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 517 
 
 Northumberland, Henry Percy, ninth Earl 
 
 off 34 
 
 Nowell, Dr. Alexander, Dean of St. Paul's, 
 XXV. 
 
 O 
 
 Oley, Mr. Barnabas, 363 
 
 Olympias, 328 
 
 OlBce of Orator in the Univcrfity of Cam- 
 bridge, 333 
 
 Father Paul, 88. 148 
 
 P 
 
 Paine, Dr. 454 
 
 Parliament, Long, 273 
 
 Parry, Dr. Henry, Bilhop of Worcefter, 310 
 
 Paula, 328 
 
 Paul's Crofs, 325 
 
 Pcarfon, Dr. John, Bilhop of Chefter, 488 
 
 Pell, Dr. John, 491 
 
 Pembroke, Anne, Countefs of, 356 
 
 ————— Philip, fourth Earl of, 356 
 
 William, third Earl of, 355 
 
 Penry, John, one of the autliors of Martin 
 Mar-Prelate, 252 
 
 Perambulations, benefit of, 276 
 
 Perkins, Mr. William, 167 
 
 Perth, Earl of, his Letter on the Life of Mr. 
 George Herbert, xx. 
 
 Peters, Hugh, 20. 457 
 
 Pcy, Mr. Nicholas, 161 
 
 Phidias, xxxvii. 
 
 Plnlip, Pompey's Freedman, 26 
 
 Philips, Fabian, 291 
 
 Pious, Prince of Mirandala, 28 
 
 Pierce, Dr. John, Bifliop of Salisbury, 264 
 
 Dr. Thomas, Dean of Saliibury, 437 
 
 Pope Pious V. 139 
 
 Pocoek, Dr. Edward, 477 
 
 Poole, Cardinal, 219 
 
 Pope, Mr. xiv. 30 
 
 Poverty of Dr. Sanderfon, 480 
 
 Pridcaux, Dr. John, Bifliop of Worce{ler,422 
 
 Proctors, mode of choofing at Oxford, 419 
 
 Prudcntlus, 83 
 Pullin, Mr. John, 499 
 
 Quinquarticular Controverfy, 464 
 R 
 
 Rainbow, Dr. Edward, Bilhop of Carlifle, 498 
 
 Raleigh, Sir Walter, 206 
 
 Raftall, John, 27 
 
 William, 27 
 
 Redman, Dr. William, Bifliop of Norwich, 
 265 
 
 Reynolds, Dr. John, 210 
 . < .- William, 2 1 1 
 
 Richmond, Lodowick, Duke of, 344 
 
 Rokeby, Ralph, 130 
 
 Rothcram, Dr. Thomas Scot, Archbifliop of 
 York, 413 
 
 Rudd, Dr. Anthony, Bifhop of St. Davids, 3 1 
 
 Rupert, Prince, 439 
 S 
 
 Sacrilege, Punifliment of, 245 
 
 Saltkell, Mr. John, 22 
 
 Sancroft, Dr. William, Archbifliop of Can- 
 terbury, 490 
 
 Sanderfon, Sir Nicholas, 428 
 
 Sandys, Dr. Edwin, Archbifliop of York, 214 
 
 — - Mr. Edwin, 214 
 
 ■ Mr. George, 221 
 
 Saravia, Dr. Hadrian, 270. jc6 
 
 Savile, Sir Henry, xxiv. 21. 219 
 
 Savoy, Conference, 485 
 
 Say, Lord, 292 
 
 Seioppius, Jafper, 151 
 
 Sheldon, Dr. Gilbert, Archbifliop of Canter- 
 bury, 415 
 
 Shirley, James, li. 390 
 
 Soul-bell, 144 
 
 Spencer, Dr. John, 19 
 
 Stafford, benefaclions to the town of, xlviii. 
 
 Stanhope, Lady Catharine, xviii. 
 
 Staplcton, Dr. Thomas, 266 
 
 Stone, Nicliolas, 62. 97 
 
 Stuart,
 
 ^i8 
 
 INDE^. 
 
 Stuart, L.uly Arabella, 337 
 Suarez, Francifcus, 21 
 Siibfcriptions, form of, in the time of Qu^een 
 Elizabstl), 512 
 
 T 
 Tate, Mr. his Verfion of Duport's Ode, xxvii 
 Taylor, Dr. Jeremy, xxi. 507 
 Thealma and Clearchus, xxxvii. 
 Theobalds, 54 
 
 Thorndike, Mr. Herbert, 342 
 Throgmorton, Sir Nicholas, 182 
 Titiano, 181 
 
 Towers, Dr. John, Biftiop of Peterborough, xv; 
 Tonnfon, Dr. Thomas, Archdeacon of Rich- 
 mond, xlvii. 
 Travers, Mr. Walter, 251. 254 
 Tally's Offices, 494 
 Turner, Dr. Francis, Bifliop of Ely, xxxii 
 
 U 
 Uflicr, Archbifliop, 202 
 
 V 
 Valdcffo,John, 382 
 Velferus, ij2 
 Venables, Colonel Robert, his Trad on 
 
 Angling, xxvii. 
 Venetians, their difputes with the Pope, 146 
 Vice, the fool of the old moralities, 295 
 Vietia, Secretary tothe Duke of Tufcany, 140 
 Vifitation of the Univ. of Oxford, 444. 45 1 
 
 W 
 Waddcfworth, Mr. James, 1 73 
 Wakefield, Gilbert, quotation from his Me- 
 moirs, 270 
 Wall, Dr. 454 
 Waller, Edmund, 163 
 
 Walton, Mr. Ifaac, junior, xliii. 
 Ward, Dr. Seth, Bifhop of Salilbury, xlii, 
 Warner, Mr. xxxv. 
 
 AVatfon, William, a Popiflifecular prieft, 139 
 Wellphaling, Dr. Herbert, Bifliop of Here- 
 ford, 219 
 White, Dr. Thomas, 69 
 Whitgift, Aichbifliop, 239. His Speech to 
 Queen Elizabeth, 243. 
 
 • his death, 248 
 
 Wickham, Dr. William, Bifhop of Lincoln, 
 
 251 
 Will of Dr. Donne, 89 
 
 Mr. Richard Hooker, 285 
 
 ■— — Sir Henry Wotton, 180 
 
 Dr. Robert Sanderfon, 496 
 
 Williams, Dr. John, Archbifliop of York, 
 
 34S> 442 
 
 WinnifT, Dr. Thornas, 16 
 
 Woodford, Dr. Samuel, 198 
 
 Woodnot, Mr. Arthur, 348 
 
 Wooley, Sir Francis, 37 
 
 Sir John, 37 
 
 Wotton, Sir Edward, 120. 121 
 
 Sir Henry, his Letter to Ifaac Wal- 
 ton, xiii _ 
 
 Sir James, 122 
 
 Sir John, 122 
 
 Dr. Nicholas, 122. 128 
 
 Sir Robert, 120 
 
 Thomas, 120. 131 
 
 Wren, Dr. Matthew, Bifliop of Ely, 438 
 Wyat, Sir Thomas, 129 
 Z 
 Zouch, Dr. Richard, 444 
 
 THE END.
 
 DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING THE PLATES. 
 
 Mr. Walton - - - to face the Title-page 
 
 Dr. Donne to face page 23 
 
 Dr. Donne in his Shroud - 
 
 Sir H. WoTTON - . _ . _____ 
 
 Mr, R. Hooker - - . . 
 
 Mr. G. Herdert - - . . 
 
 View op Leichton Chdrch 346 
 
 Bishop Sanderson - - 407 
 
 97- 
 117. 
 193. 
 
 3'i-
 
 4 6 9 6 13
 
 i
 
 University of California 
 
 SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
 405 Hllgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1388 
 
 Return this material to tfie library 
 
 from wfiich it was borrowed.
 
 ^■^h 
 
 3 1158 00439 9282 
 
 D 000 001 511