LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS FOR USE IN DICTIONARY CATALOGS Prepared by a Committee OF THE American Library association THIRD EDITION REVISED BY MARY JOSEPHINE BRIGGS AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION PUBLISHING BOARD CHICAGO 1911 PREFACE THE history of a list of subject headings for the use of catalogers dates back to the Lakewood conference of the American Library Associa- tion, in 1892, when a committee consisting of Mr, Gardner M. Jones, Dr. G. E. Wire and Mr. C. A. Cutter was appointed for the purpose of collating catalogs and compiling from this information a list of subject headings which should represent the most approved usages. At the Chi- cago conference of the following year the committee reported progress, and the Publishing Section of the American Library Association was in- structed to proceed with publication as soon as possible. At the Lake Placid conference, in 1894, the committee reported completion of the work, which was printed the next year. Three years later a second and somewhat revised and enlarged edition was issued and stereotyped, and this edition has been steadily in use by catalogers for the past thirteen years. The growth and development of libraries, their increased use by the public and the many commercial, scientific and economic changes which have taken place of late, have long since made a new and thorough revision of this List of subject headings advisable. A steady demand for the second edition showed that the book was in very general use in libraries through- out the country. In 1906 the Publishing Board appointed, to take up the matter of a new edition, an advisory committee consisting of Mr. Gardner M. Jones, Miss Harriet B. Prescott, Mr. A. G. S. Josephson, Miss Margaret Mann, Miss Linda M. Clatworthy, Mr. J. C. M. Hanson and Miss Electra C. Doren. Later Miss Alice B. Kroeger and Miss Nina E. Browne were added to the committee. Miss Doren was unable to serve. Miss Esther Crawford, a cataloger and library worker of much ex- perience, was employed as editor for the new edition, and the work of col- lecting data and collating and comparing catalogs and catalogers' forms was begun late in 1906. After laboring with great diligence for more than two years and securing a large amount of material, Miss Crawford resigned in July, 1909, and the Board was fortunate in securing the services, in May, 1910, of Miss Mary J. Briggs, cataloger of the Buffalo public library, to carry the work to completion. Besides a trained knowledge of precisely what this bibliographical tool should be, Miss Briggs has brought to bear a most conscientious and painstaking care that only those can fully appre- ciate who have undertaken a simihir task. This tliird edition, as it now appears, is the result of co-operation and united effort on the part of many Hbrary workers, and it is the hope and behef of the Board that the present work has been so well done that no revision need be undertaken for a number of years to come. For a state- ment of the special features embodied, and explanation of certain policies followed reference may be made to the editor's introduction. In the case of such liberal, hearty and wide-spread assistance as the Board and its editors havx here received it is difficult to mention personally all those to whom credit is due. Gratitude is sincerely felt toward all who responded to the call of the editor in sending requested information, or who devoted no small time and effort to the work during the personal visits of the editor in charge. The Board feels, however, that particular mention must be made of the courtesy and helpfulness extended by the Library of Congress during an extended study of the catalog by Miss Craw- ford, by the Newark free public library, which so generously provided work- ing quarters for her for over a year, and by the Buffalo public library, which has similarly furnished accommodations for the past year for Miss Briggs. It trusts that all who have so generously aided in this enterprise may feel abundantly paid by the good service to the library profession which this book now goes forth to render. INTRODUCTION IT has been found necessary to omit much that was comprised in the original plan for the third edition of the List of subject headings, in order that the size of the book might be kept within reasonable limits. The scope has been broadened by the inclusion of some of the more im- portant historical events, including wars but not battles, the chief lan- guages, literatures and ethnic races, and subheads for many of the larger subjects. Technical and scientific terms, chemical and medicinal substances, animals and plants, virtues and vices, diseases, games, foods and other specific headings are included somewhat more liberally than in the second edition, the aim being to provide a checklist in these subjects for the smaller public libraries. The following classes of headings are omitted: 1. Personal names. 2. Geographical names, except for a few regional headings and countries requiring historical subdivisions. 3. Names of months, days, processes in arithmetic, parts of speech. In general, and particularly in the matter of subdivisions, the needs of the moderately large public library, of from 100,000 to 200,000 volumes, have been considered. No attempt has been made to meet the needs of college, technical or special libraries, w^liich must of necessity make finer distinctions and closer subdivisions than would be useful in a popular library. The catalogs most consulted in the revision are those of the Library of Congress, the John Crerar library, Columbia university library, Nebraska university library. Northwestern university library, and the public libraries of Brooklyn, Buffalo, Chicago, Cleveland, Dayton and Pittsburgh. Among indexes, the Readers' guide to periodical literature and Engineering index may be specially mentioned. The headings of the second edition have been retained, except for such changes as have seemed desirable in order to conform to present use of terms. The more radical changes ha\e been made in response to what seemed to be a very general demand, expressed by a decided majority of the answers to questions published in the Hbrary periodicals and in personal interviews. Forthe sake of uniformity, in choice of new terms the Library of Congress headings have been followed so far as they have seemed adapted to the use of popular libraries, omitting of course many subdivisions and technical terms which would be useful only in special or very large libraries. In spelling, the simplified forms of the second edition have been re- tained, and a few others added, but it has not been thought best to advance in this line faster than generally accepted usage will warrant. The plural form is used rather than the singular, except where subjects are generally thought of under the singular. The singular form is used for fruits, in order that the same heading may cover both fruit and tree. The arrange- ment of compound words has occasioned so much perplexity to both makers and users of catalogs, that the hyphen has been eliminated as far as possible, following the latest available authority, Webster's new inter- national dictionary. Little has been attempted in the way of definition of headings beyond an occasional explanatory word or phrase. Space could not well be spared for many definitions, and it has been found difficult to frame them so as not to limit the subjects too closely. Therefore, except in a few cases where the meaning is very ambiguous, it has been left for the references to suggest the scope of the heading when not entirely self-explanatory. As a concession to the very general tendency to look under the form rather than under the language for English dictionaries, grammars, etc., the English language has been made an exception to the regular treatment of languages, and several forms, e.g. dictionaries, grammar and spelling, entered directly under the form. The subheads for other languages are given under German language, and the same can be used for English in libraries where it Is preferred that all material regarding that language be kept together. All form names in American and English literature are included In the list, but of other literatures only those most likely to occur in popular libraries of moderate size. Literature, drama, essays, fiction and poetry are entered under tlie adjective; other forms under the form followed by the adjective name of nationality, except periodicals and newspapers where name of country is used: e.g. English literature; Humor, English; Periodi- cals — England. Reference should be made in every case from the country to the language and literature of that country. These references are indicated in the list for American literature and English language and literature only. The subdivisions formerly printed in the appendices, except those for cities which follow the introduction, are now included in the main alphabet. Country subheads are given under United States, in order that the many references may be indicated. The Library of Congress Preliminary list of subject subdivisions under countries and cities has been used as a basis, with modifications to adapt it to the needs of popular libraries. Many subjects formerly subheaded under country are now referred to the subject with country subdivision. It is better as a rule to keep all matter relating to a city together, making double entry under city and subject when needed: e.g. Boston — Education; Education — Massa- chusetts; or, in a small library, Boston; Education; without subdivision. The number of subdivisions to be used will, of course, vary with the size and character of the library. The small library will ignore the subheads for the most part, using them only for the largest countries, and for subjects upon which it may chance to possess considerable material. It will be easy to add subheads at any time, should material increase so as to require them. It is advised that a list of subheads used be placed at the beginning of each divided subject, and each subhead should have its own guide. Since form subheads may be used with any subject having sufficient literature, no attempt has been made to indicate headings requiring such subdivision. At the end of the introduction will be found a list of forms applicable to any such subject. Under United States are given references to most subjects which will require country subdivision in public libraries, and under some of the more important subjects, examples of country sub- division are given, e.g. Education — U. S. Experience has shown that the average reader generally disregards both logic and punctuation in consulting an alphabetically arranged card catalog. For this reason, all subdivisions, whether form, geographical or logical, and all inversions are arranged in one alphabet, regardless of punc- tuation, except only the period subdivisions of history, which are arranged chronologically. Since in this work the main entry word is not repeated, the punctuation for subjects subdivided is not indicated in the main alpha- bet. The dash is advised for all subdivisions, and, if preferred, may be used instead of the comma for inversions, e.g. Bacteriology — Agricultural. To avoid confusion in checking, the refer from references hax'c been printed in parallel columns at the right of the page. The references have been revised, many new ones added, and some, believed to be unnecessary, have been dropped. See references among the refer froms are indicated by (s). The possibilities of useful references are by no means exhausted in this list. P'urther references will suggest themselves in cataloging. The best material on a specific subject is often found in a work upon a larger subject, so general in its nature that it is not ad\isable to anal}/.e it. References are therefore made from the specific to the general in cases where most general works can be expected to contain material on the specific subject. Care should be taken not to make a reference of this kind unless justified by the works actually in the library. If the books on arts and crafts contain nothing on mosaics, a reference from Mosaics to Arts and crafts would be useless and misleading. The same principle applies to other references, which should not be made in any case unless the book cataloged is of interest in connection with the subject from which reference is made. If the books entered under Cemeteries are descriptive only, no reference from Eminent domain to Cemeteries is required. It will of course be understood that where the reference is simply ' 'j-ff " no subject entries are to be made under the heading referred from. Only those headings printed in bold-faced t}'pe are intended to be used for sub- ject entries. In many cases references are indicated to or from geographical head- ings, or subjects with geographical subdivision, which do not appear in the main alphabet. These are only suggestive of the possibilities for this kind of reference. References should be made from periods of history, arts, sciences and other subjects to names of people whose lives are of interest in connection with the subject. Long lists of references to specific subjects may be avoided in some cases by general references, as for instance under Industrial arts and under Manufactures '^See also names of industries"; but if there are few specific entries it is better to enumerate them, that the reader may see at a glance where further material may be found. Another method of shortening the lists of references is to refer from the most general to the next less inclusive heading, and from the latter to the next lower: e.g. Zoology see also Verte- brates; Vertebrates see also Mammals; Mammals see also Carnivora; and so on to the specific animal. As zoological families and genera are not included in this list, references have been made from orders to specific animals. The references in a card catalog are more easily read if arranged in columns rather than in a solid paragraph, with two or three columns on a card according to the length of the headings. The cataloger is advised to check headings and references as used and to add new headings required. If he wishes to use a different form of head- ing, it will be necessary to make the change wherever the heading occurs in the list, otherwise discrepancies will creep into tlic catalog. The aim has been to choose such headings as shall make the catalog a useful tool in enabling the reader to find as quickly as possible the book he desires. To attain this end, consistency has sometimes been sacrificed to utility. Mary Josephine Briggs. SUBHEADS TO BE USED UNDER CITIES Amusements Annexations Antiquities Architecture Arsenals Art Asylums see Hospitals and asy- lums Atlases see Description — Maps Banks Benevolent institutions see Charities; Hospitals and asylums Bibliography Biography Boundaries Bridges Business Business associations Carnivals see Festivals, etc. Cemeteries Census Centennial celebrations, etc. Charities Churches City hall Claims Climate Clubs Commerce see Business Commercial institutions see Business associations Conventions and public meet- ings Courts Crime and criminals Customhouse Description Guidebooks Maps Views Directories Ecclesiastical institutions see Churches; Religious institu- tions and affairs Education Elections Epidemics Exhibitions Fairs Ferries Festivals/ etc. Finance Financial institutions see Banks ; Business associations Fine arts see Art Fires and fire prevention Foreign population Fortifications Galleries and museums Genealogy Geology Gilds Government and politics Guidebooks see Description — • Guidebooks Harbor Historic houses, etc. History Hospitals and asylums Hotels, taverns, etc. Industries Intellectual life Labor and laboring classes Learned institutions and socie- ties Libraries Lighting _ Literary institutions see Learn- ed institutions and societies Literature Manners and customs see Social life and customs- Manufactures see Industries Maps see Description — Alaps Markets Monuments Moral conditions Morgues Museums see Galleries and museums Music Musical organizations Name Parks Paving see Streets Police Politics see Government and politics Poor Population Post-office Prisons and reformatories Public buildings Public lands Public meetings see Conven- tions and public meetings Public schools see Education Public works Railroads Reformatories see Prisons and reformatories Registers Religious history Religious institutions and affairs Riots Sanitary affairs Schools see Education Scientific institutions j^-^" Learn- ed institutions and societies Sewerage Social conditions Social life and customs Statistics Street railroads Streets Suburbs Taxation Theaters Topography see Description Views see Description — \'ie\vs Vital statistics see Statistics V^oters Voting precincts Wards Water supply Wharves Bibliography Biography Collected works Collections Dictionaries Drama [about] FORM SUBHEADS Essays, addresses, etc. Fiction [about] Handbooks History Outlines, s\'llabi, etc. Periodicals and society pub- lications Poetry [about] Statistics Study and teaching LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS FOR USE IN DICTIONARY CATALOGS Abandoned farms see Farms, Abandoned Abattoirs see Slaughtering and slaughterhouses Abbeys See also Cathedrals; Convents and nun- neries; Monasteries; also names of abbeys, e.g. Westminster abbey Abbreviations See also Ciphers ; Shorthand Abdomen See also Anatomy; Intestines; Kidneys; Liver; Stomach; Viscera Aberration See also Astronomy, Spherical and prac- tical; Lenses; Light; Mirrors; Optical instruments Mental, see Insanity Ability • See also Efficiency, Industrial; Executive ability; Genius; Leadership; Talent Abiogenesis see Spontaneous generation Abnormal children see Children, Abnormal and backward Abnormal psychology see Mental diseases Abolition of slavery see Abolitionists ; Slav'ery ; Slavery in the U. S. Abolitionists See also Slavery in the U. S. Aborigines see Ethnology; also names of ab- original races, e.g. Indians Abrasion (geology) see Erosion Abrasives See also Corundum; Geology, Economic; Grinding and polishing Abscess See also Suppuration Absent treatment see Christian science ; Mental healing Absenteeism .SV^ also Land tenure; Land tenure — Ireland Absolute, The See also Metaphysics Absolute rights iee Natural law Refer from Catholic church; Church archi- tecture; Church history; Convents and nun- neries; Monasteries Refer from Ciphers; Contractions (s) ; Paleography; Shorthand; Writing Refer from Anatomy; Viscera Refer from Astronomy; Astronomy, Spheri- cal and practical; Light Refer from Efficiency, Industrial; Executive ability; Genius; Psychology; Talent Refer from Abolition of slavery (s) ; Biogra- phy; Slavery in the U. S. Refer from Corundum; Geology, Economic; Grinding and polishing; Machine tools; Mineralogy Refer from Pathology; Suppuration Refer from Agriculture — Ireland; Ireland — Economic conditions; Land tenure; Land tenure — Ireland; Landlord and tenant; Taxa- tion Refer from God; Metaphysics; Theology Absolution Sc'f also Confession; Indulgences; Penance Absolutism sre Despotism Absorption (physiology) See also Digestion; Metabolism; Osmosis; Skin Absorption in soils see Soil absorption Absorption of light See also Light Absorption spectra see Spectra Abstinence see Fasting; Temperance Abstract writing see Precis writing Abstracts of title see Land titles Academic costume see Costume, Academic Academic degrees see Degrees, Academic Academies (learned societies) see Learned societies Academies (schools) See also Education, Secondary; Private schools Acadians See also Nova Scotia Accent See also Prosody; also names of languages, subhead Accents Accidence see Grammar Accident insurance see Insurance, Accident Accidents See also Ambulances; Boiler explosions; Burns and scalds; Collisions at sea; Dam- ages; Disasters; Drowning; Employers' liability; Explosions; First aid in illness and injury; Insurance, Accident; Life-saving; Lightning; Mine accidents; Occupations, Dangerous; Poisons; Railroads — Acci- dents; Safety devices; Shipwrecks; Surgery; Wounds Acclimatization See also Anthropogeography ; Climate; Ecology; Environment; Tropics Acclimatization (plants) See also Ecology; Plant introduction Accompaniment, Musical, see Musical accom- paniment Accounting See also Arithmetic, Commercial; Audit- ing; Bookkeeping; Business; Card system in business ; Cash registers ; Cost accounting; Municipal accounts Accumulators see Storage batteries Accpliala see Bivalves Acetylene Acids See also Chemistry ; also names of acids Refer from Catholic church; Church disci- pline ; Church polity ; Confession ; Indulgences ; Penance ; Sin Refer from Assimilation (s) ; Digestion; Metabolism; Nutrition; Osmosis; Physio- logical chemistry; Physiology Refer from Light Refer from Education, Secondary ; Prepara- tory schools (s) ; Private schools; Schools; Secondary schools (s) Refer from French-Canadians; Nova Scotia Refer from Language; Prosody Refer from Disasters; Drowning; Emergen- cies (s) ; Employers' liability; P'irst aid in ill- ness and injury; Injuries (s) ; Life-sav^ing; Medicine; Occupations, Dangerous; Surgery Refer from Adaption (biology) ; Anthropo- geography; Biology; Climate; Ecology; En- vironment; Tropics; Tropics — Diseases and hygiene Refer from Agriculture; Ecology; Gardening; Geographical distribution of animals and plants; Plant introduction; Plants — Accli- matization (s) Refer from Arithmetic, Commercial; Audit- ing; Bookkeeping; Business; Business educa- tion; Card system in business; Commerce; Cost accounting; Municipal accounts; Scien- tific management Refer from Chcmistr)-, Technical; Gas; Gas lighting; Gases; Lighting Refer from Chemistry Acknowledgments St'<- also Deeds; Evidence Acoustics see Acoustics of buildings; Hearing; Sound Acoustics of buildings See also Architecture Acrobats See also Gymnastics Acrostics See also Puzzles Acting See also Actors; Amateur theatricals; Drama; Expression; Gesture; Alake-up, Theatrical ; Pageants ; Pantomime ; Theater ; Vaudeville Study and teaching Actinotherapy see Radiotherapy Actions at law See also Costs; Equity; Evidence; Forms (in law); Injunctions; Limitations (law); Pleading and practice; Trials Actors See also Acting; Make-up, Theatrical; Theater; Vaudeville Actresses see Actors Adages see Maxims; Proverbs Adaptation (biology) ■Sift' also Acclimatization; Ecology; En- vironment; Evolution Addresses see Orations Adhesives 5^1? also Cement; Glue; Paste; Wax Administration see Administrators and execu- tors; Civil service; Government; also names of countries and states, subhead Government Administrators and executors See also Probate law and practice; Wills Admirals See also Naval biography Admiralty See also Collisions at sea; Commercial law; Demurrage; Maritime law; Salvage Adolescence see Youth Adoption See also Guardians Adulterations See also Chemistry — Analysis; Chemis- try, Technical; Drugs; I""ood adulteration and inspection; Liquors; Seeds — Adultera- tion and inspection Adultery See also Sexual ethics Advent See also Christian Second ad\ent year; Christmas; Refer fro tn Deeds; Law; Notaries Refer from Acoustics (s) ; Architectural acoustics (s) ; Architecture; Building; Sound Refer from Circus; Gymnastics; Sports; Tumbling (s) Refer from Puzzles Refer from Actors; Amateur theatricals; Amusements; Drama; Dramatic art (s) ; Dramatic expression (s) ; Elocution; Histrion- ics (s) ; Impersonation (s) ; Make-up, Theatri- cal; Stage (s) ; Theater Refer from Dramatic education (s) Refer from Equity; Forms (in law); Law; Lawsuits (s) ; Pleading and practice; Pro- cedure (s) ; Suits at law (s) ; Trials Refer from Acting; Actresses (s) ; Biography; Comedians (s) ; Drama; Players (s) ; Theater Refer from Biology; Ecology; Environ- ment ; Evolution Refer from Agglutinants (s) ; Cement; Glue; Paste Refer from Administration (s) ; Appraising; Commercial law; Executors (s) ; Guardians; Inheritance; Law; Powers (law); Probate law and practice; Property; Trustees; Wills Refer from Naval biography; Naval history Refer from Collisions at sea ; Commercial law; Courts; Law; Maritime law Refer from Children; Foundlings; Guard- ians; Law; Orphans and orphan asylums Refer from Chemistry — Analysis; Chemis- try, Technical; Crime and criminals; Drugs; Food adulteration and inspection; Hygiene, Public; Liquors; Sanitary chemistry Refer from Crime and criminals; Marriage; Sexual ethics Refer from Christian year; Fasts and feasts Adventlsts see Second adventists Adventure See also Castaways; Discoveries and explorations; Escapes; Explorers; Frontier and pioneer life; Heroes; Hunting; Sea- faring life; Shipwrecks; Sports; Treasure- trove; Voyages and travels Adventurers see Imposture Adverse possession see Possession (in law) Adversity see Affliction; Misfortune Advertising See also Billposting; Business; Library bulletins; Mail order business; Posters; Promoting; Publicity; Salesmanship; Show cards; Sign painting; Signs; Street cries; Window dressing Aerial navigation see Aeronautics Aerial propellers Aerial railroads Aerial warfare see Aeronautics, Military Aerodromes see Aeroplanes; Flying machines Aerodynamics See also Air; Flight Aerolites see Meteorites Aerology see Meteorology Aeronautic motors See also Aeronautics; Aeroplanes Aeronautics See also Aerial propellers; Aerodynamics; Aeronautic motors; Aeronauts; Aeroplanes; Airships ; Balloons ; Flight ; Flying machines ; Kites ; Speed MilitM"y Aeronauts Aeroplanes See also Aerial propellers ; Aeronautic motors; Aeronautics; Flying machines Aesthetics see Esthetics Aether see Ether Affection see Friendship; Kindness; Love Affidavits Affinity, Chemical, see Chemical affinity Affliction See also Consolation; Misfortune; Resig- nation Afforestation see Forest planting African colonization see Africa — Colonization African languages See also Coptic language; Egyptian language; Hamitic languages African slave trade see Slave trade After-dinner speeches See also Anecdotes; Toasts Age See also Age limit of employment ; Growth; Longevity; Old age; Youth Age limit of employment Refer from Escapes; Heroes; Voyages and travels Refer from Billposting ; Business ; Commerce ; Mail order business; Newspapers; Periodicals; Publicity; Salesmanship Refer from Aeronautics; Aeroplanes; Air propellers (s) ; Propellers Refer from Railroads; Railroads, Aerial (s) Refer from Aeronautics; Air; Dynamics; Flight; Gases Refer from Aeronautics; Aeroplanes; Flying machines ; Alotors Refer from Aerial navigation (s) ; Aeronautic motors; Aeroplanes; Air; Airships; Av^ia- tion (s) ; Balloons; Engineering; Flight; Fly- ing machines; Locomotion; Mechanics; Navi- gation; Sports; Transportation Refer from Aerial warfare (s) ; Military aeronautics (s) ; Military art and science Refer from Aeronautics; Aviators (s) ; Balloonists (s) ; Biography Refer from Aerodromes (s) ; Aeronautic motors; Aeronautics; Airships; Biplanes (s) ; Flying machines; Gliders (s) ; Monoplanes (s) Refer from Evidence; Forms (In law) Law; Notaries Refer from Adversity (s) ; Ethics; Alls- fortune; Suffering; Trouble (s) Refer from Coptic language; Egyptian lan- guage; Hamitic languages; Language Refer from Dinners and dining; Orations; Speeches (s) ; Toasts Refer from Old age Refer from Age; Efficiency, Industrial; Labor and laboring classes; Old age Aged see Longevity; Old age Aged poor see Homes for the aged; Old age; Old age pensions; Poor Agency See also Bailments; Brokers and factors; Commercial law; Contracts; Damages; Employers' liability; Employment agencies; Negligence ; Powers (law) ; Receivers Agents see Agency; Brokers and factors; Commercial travelers Agglutinants see Adhesives Agincourt, Battle of See also [England — History — Lancaster and York; France — History — House of \' alois ; Hundred years' war Agnosticism See also Atheism; Positivism; Rational- ism ; Skepticism Agreements see Contracts Agricultural bacteriology see Bacteriology, Agricultural Agricultural banks see Agricultural credit; Banks and banking; Land banks Agricultural botany see Botany, Economic Agricultural chemistry See also Ammonia; Fertilizers and man- ures; Nitrification; Phosphates; Plants — Chemistry and nutrition; Plants, Effect of chemicals on ; Soils Agricultural colleges See also Agriculture — Study and teaching Agricultural colonies see Farm colonies Agricultural credit See also Land banks Agricultural education see Agricultural col- leges; Agriculture — Study and teaching Agricultural exhibitions Agricultural experiment stations See also Agricultural experimentation; Agriculture — Demonstration work; also special stations Agricultural experimentation See also Agricultural experiment stations; Agriculture — Demonstration work Agricultural implements see Farm implements and machinery Agricultural laborers see Farm labor Agricultural laws See also Corn laws Agricultural machinery see Farm implements and machinery Agricultural pests See also Birds, Useful and injurious; Cotton — Diseases and pests; Fruit — Dis- eases and pests; Fungi; Insects, Injurious and beneficial; Rabbits; Tobacco — Dis- eases and pests; Trees — Diseases and pests ; Weeds Refer from Agents (s) ; Attorneys (s) ; Bailments; Brokers and factors; Commercial law; Contracts; Law; Negligence; Partner- ship; Power of attorney (s) ; Powers (law); Principal and agent (s) Refer from England — History — Lancas- ter and York; France — History — House of Valois ; Hundred j-ears' war Refer fro7n Atheism; Belief; Faith; Free thought; God; Naturalism; Philosophy; Phi- losophy, Modern; Secularism; Skepticism; Theology Refer from Chemistry; Chemistry, Agricul- tural (s) ; Chemistry, Dairy (s) ; Dairy chemis- try (s) ; Fertilizers and manures; Soils Refer from Agriculture — Study and teach- ing; Agricultural education (s) ; Colleges and universities Refer from Agricultural banks (s) ; Banks and banking; Credit; Credit foncier (s) ; Land banks; Land credit (s) Refer from Exhibitions; Fairs; State fairs (s) Refer from Agricultural experimentation; Agriculture — Demonstration work; Experi- ment stations (s) Refer from Agricultural experiment stations; Agriculture — Demonstration work; Experi- ments (s) Refer from Farm laws (s) ; Law Refer from Gardening; Insects, Injurious and beneficial; Pests (s) Agricultural physics See also Drainage; Farm buildings; Farm motors; Soil absorption; Soil moisture; Soils ; Tillage Agricultural products See also Botany, Economic; Cocoa; Cof- fee; Commercial products; Cotton; Crops; Dairy products; Essences and essential oils; Fibers; Forest products; Fruit; Ginseng; Grain; Hay; Indigo; Liquors; Marketing of farm produce; Opium; Rice; Root crops; Rubber; Spices; Sugar; Tea; Tobacco; Vegetables Agricultural societies See also Farmers' institutes; Grange Agricultural tools see Farm implements and machinery Agriculture See also Acclimatization (plants) ; Bac- teriology, Agricultural; Bees; Birds, Useful and injurious; Botany, Economic; Clearing of land; Cooperative agriculture; Corn laws; Cover crops; Crops; Dairying; Domestic animals, and names of animals; Drainage; Dry farming; Electricity on the farm; Ensilage; Farm buildings; Farm colonies; Farm implements and machinery; Farm labor; Farm life; Farm management; Farm values; Farmers; Farmers' institutes; Farms; Feeding and feeding stuffs; Fertil- izers and manures; Floriculture; Forage plants; Forests and forestry; Frost protec- tion; Fruit culture; Gardening; Green- houses; Insects, Injurious and beneficial; Irrigation; Land; Land tenure; Live stock; Marker gardening; Marketing of farm prod- uce ; Pastures and meadows; Peasantry; Plant breeding; Plants; Reclamation of land; Rotation of crops; Seeds — Selection and testing; Soil fertility; Soil inoculation; Soil surveys; Soils; Threshing; Tillage; Trees; also headings beginning Agricultural, and names of special products Demonstration work See also Agricultural experiment sta- tions; Agricultural experimentation Statistics Study and teaching See also Agricultural colleges; Agricul- ture — Demonstration work; Farm schools; Forestry schools and education Tropics See also Cocoa ; Coffee ; Cotton ; Opium ; Rice; Rubber; Spices; Sugar; Tea; Tobacco U. S. Agronomy see Agriculture Agrostology see Grasses Ague see Malaria Amos See also I'".lhnology — Japan Refer from Drainage; Physics; Soil moisture; Soils ; Tillage Refer from Botany, Economic; Commercial products; Crops; Farm products (s) ; Products, Agricultural (s) Refer from Farmers; Societies Refer from Agronomy (s) ; Crops; Farmers; Farming (s) ; Farms ; Fruit culture ; Gardening ; Husbandry (s) ; Industrial arts; Land; Market gardening; Marketing of farm produce; Plant- ing (s) ; Plants; Rotation of crops; Rural economy (s) ; Soils; Tillage Refer from Agricultural experiment stations; Agricultural experimentation; Agriculture — Study and teaching; Demonstration work in agriculture (s) Refer from Crop reports (s) ; Crops; Food supply Refer from Agricultural colleges; Agricul- tural education (s) Refer from Tropical agriculture (s) ; Tropics Refer from U. S. — Agriculture (s) ; U. S. — Industries and resources Refer from Ainu (s) ; Etlinology — Japan; Japan Ainu see Ainos Air See also Aerodynamics; Aeronautics; Argon ; Atmospheric electricity ; Atmospheric nucieation; Barometer; Compressed air; Humidity ; Hygrometry ; Ionization of gases ; Liquid air; Meteorology; Ozone; Ventilation -Liquid, see Liquid air Air brakes See also Brakes; Safety devices Air compressors See also Air pumps; Compressed air Air engines See also Compressed air Air passages see Respiratory organs Air pollution See also Dust; Smoke; Ventilation Air propellers see Aerial propellers Air pumps See also Air compressors Air-ships see Airships Airships See also Aeronautics ; Aeroplanes ; Balloons Alabama claims Aladdin oven Albigenses See' also France — Religious history; Waldenses Albinos and albinism See also Color of man Alchemy See also Chemistry — History; Elixir of life; Occult sciences; Philosopher's stone Alcohol See also Alcoholism; Brandy; Chemistry, Organic; Distillation; Liquor problem; Liquor traflic; Liquors, and names of liquors; Temperance Denatured See also Alcohol motors Physiological effects Alcohol eiit-'incs see Alcohol motors Alcohol motors Alcoholism See also Alcohol — Physiological effects; Gold cure; Inebriate asylums; Liquor problem ; 'rcmpcrance Refer from Aerodynamics; Atmosphere (s) ; Chemistry; Ether (of space); Gases; Meteor- ology; Physics; Pneumatics (s) Refer from Brakes; Cars; Railroads; Rail- roads — Equipment and supplies; Safety de- vices Refer fro 7)1 Air pumps; Compressed air Refer from Caloric engines (s) ; Engines; Heat engines; Hot-air engines (s) Refer from Hygiene; Sanitary chemistry; Ventilation Refer from Air compressors; Pneumatic pumps (s) ; Pumps Refer from Aeronautics; Air-ships (s) ; Bal- loons; Balloons, Dirigible (s) ; Dirigible bal- loons (s) Refer from Claims; Geneva award (s) ; Neutrality; Privateering; U. S. — History — Civil war — Foreign relations; U. S. — Foreign relations — England Refer from Cookery; Stoves Refer from Church history — Middle ages; France — Religious history; Persecution; Wal- denses Refer from Color of animals; Color of man; Leucopathy (s) Refer from Chemistry; Chemistry — His- tory; Elixir of life; Gold; Hermetic art (s) ; Metals; Occult scences; Philosopher's stone; Superstition; Transmutation of metals (s) Refer from Chemistry, Organic; Distilla- tion; Intoxicants (s) ; Liquors; Stimulants; Temperance Refer from Chemistry, Technical; Dena- tured alcohol (s) ; Industrial alcohol (s) ; Liquid fuel Refer from Alcoholism ; Hygiene ; Temperance Refer from Alcohol, Denatured; Alcohol engines (s) ; Gas and oil engines; Motors Refer from Alcohol; Crime and criminals; Dipsomania (s) ; Drunkenness (s); Inebri- ates (s); Intemperance (s) ; Intoxication (s) ; Liquor habit (s) ; Liquor problem ; Medicine — Practice; Temperance Alcoran see Koran Ale See also Beer; Brewing; Liquors; Malt Alfalfa See also Feeding and feeding stuffs; Forage plants Algae See also Cryptogams; Aquatic plants Algebra See also Calculus; Determinants; Equa- tions; Functions; Groups, Theory of; Logarithms; Mathematics; Numbers; Probabilities; Quaternions; Vector analysis Algonkian Indians see Algonquian Indians Algonkian period see Geology, Stratigraphic — Algonkian Algonquian Indians See also Blackfoot Indians; Delaware Indians; Narragansett Indians Algonquian languages See also Indians — Languages Alhambra See also Granada Alien and sedition laws, 1798 See also Kentucky and Virginia resolu- tions, 1798; U. S. — History — 1783-1812 Aliens See also Allegiance ; Citizenship ; Expatria- tion; Naturalization; also Chinese in the U. S., and similar headings Alimentary canal see Digestiv^e system Alkali lands Alkalies See also Ammonia; Chemistry, Inorganic Alkaloids See also Chemistry, Organic; Morphine; Ptomaines Alkoran see Koran All fools' day see April fools' day All hallow eve see Halloween Allegiance See also Aliens; Citizenship; Naturaliza- tion Allegories See also Fables; Parables Allegory See also Allegories ; Rhetoric Alliance, Holy, see Holy alliance Alliance, Triple, see Triple alliance Alliteration See also Rhetoric; Versification Allopathy [for polemical treatises only] Refer from Beer; Brewing; Liquors Refer from Feeding and feeding stuffs; Fertilizers and manures; Forage plants; Hay; Lucerne (plant) (s) Refer from Aquatic plants; Cryptogams; Marine biology; IMarine botany (s) ; Alarine flora (s) ; Marine plants (s) ; Mosses; Ocean; Sea mosses (s) ; Seashore; Seaweeds (s) Refer from Analj^sis (mathematics) (s) ; Calculus; Determinants; Equations; Groups, Theory of; Mathematics; Quaternions Refer from Algonkian Indians (s) ; Blackfoot Indians; Delaware Indians; Indians; Nar- ragansett Indians Refer fro 7)1 Indians — Languages Refer from Architecture, Mohammedan; Granada; Palaces Refer from Immigration and emigration — U. S. ; Naturalization; Sedition act, 1798 (s) ; U. S. — Constitution; U. S. — History — 1783-1812 Refer from Allegiance; Asylum, Right of; Citizenship; Expatriation; Foreigners (s) ? Immigration and emigration; International law; Law; Naturalization Refer from Irrigation; Reclamation of land; Soils Refer from Ammonia; Chemistry; Chemis- try, Inorganic Refer from Chemistry, Organic; Nitrogen; Poisons Refer from Aliens ; Citizenship ; International law; Law; Treason Refer from Allegory; Fables; Fiction; Literature; Parables; Religion Refer from Rhetoric Refer from Language; Poetry; Rhetoric; Versification Refer from Medicine Alloys See also Amalgamation ; Amalgams ; Brass ; Bronze; Metallography; Metallurgy; Pew- ter; Solder and soldering Allusions Alluvium See also Geology; Physical geography Almanacs See also Calendars; Chronology; Nautical almanacs; Yearbooks Almsgi\'ing see Charity; Poor Almshouses See also Asylums; Charities; Poor Alphabet See also Cuneiform writing; Hieroglyph- ics; Inscriptions; Lettering; Paleography; Printing; Runes; Transliteration; Writing Alphabeting See also Cataloging Alphabets see Alphabet; Lettering Alpine clubs See also Geographical societies; Moun- taineering Alpine plants Altaic languages see Ural-Altaic languages Altars See also Church furniture; Lord's supper; Mass ; Sacrifice Alternating current machinery see Electric machinery — Alternating current Alternating currents see Electric currents, Alternating Altitudes See also Sea le\^cl ; also names of countries, subhead Altitudes Al'ruism See also Egoism; Ethics Aluminium See also Metals Aluminum see Aluminium Amalgamation See also Allo\s ; Amalgams; Mercury Amalgams See also Alloys; Mercury Amateur journalism See also Students' periodicals Amateur theatricals See also /Acting; Charades; College plays; Dialogues; Make-up, Theatrical; Alono- logues; Pantomime; Shadow pantomimes; Tableaux Amazons See also Mythology, Classical Ambassadors See also Diplomacy; Diplomatic and consular service ; Diplomats; Exterritoriality Refer from Amalgamation; Amalgams; Brass; Bronze; Metallography; Metallurgy; Metals; Pewter; Solder and soldering Refer from Literature; Reference books Refer from Geology; Physical geography; Soils Refer from Annuals; Astronomy; Calendars; Chronology; Days; Registers; Statistics; Time; Yearbooks Refer from Asylums; Charities; Homes (institutions) (s) ; Institutions, Charitable and philanthropic (s) ; Poor; Poorhouses (s) ; Workhouses (charities) (s) Refer from Alphabets (s) ; English language — Alphabet (s) ; Hieroglyphics; Inscriptions; Language; Letters of the alphabet (s) ; Pale- ography; Phcmetics ; Writing Refer from Cataloging Refer from Alps; Geographical societies; Mountaineering; A^Iountains Refer from Botany; Mountains-; Plants Refer from Church furniture; Sacrifice Refer from Elevations (s) ; Heights (s) ; Hypsometry (s) ; Physical geography; Sea level ; Surveying Refer from Benevolence (s) ; Charity; Conduct of life ; Egoism ; Ethics ; Philanthropy ; Sociology Refer from Aluminum (s) ; Metals Refer from Alloys; Metallurgy Refer from Alloys; Amalgamation; Mercury; Metals Refer from Journalism; Students' periodical Refer from Acting; Amusements; Charades; Drama; Drawing-room pla)-s (s) ; Entertain- ments; Pantomime; Plays (s) ; Private theatri- cals (s) ; Tableaux; Theater; Theatricals, Amateur (s) Refer from Mythology, Classical; Women Refer from Diplomacy; Diplomatic and con- sular service; Diplomats; Exterritoriality; International relations; Ministers of state Ambidexterity St-e also Hand; Left- and righl-handcdncss Ambition Ambulance drill see First aid in illness and injury Ambulances See also First aid in illness and injury Amendments (parliamentary practice) See also Parliamentary practice America — Discovery and exploration Discovery and exploration — Pre-Colum- bian See also Northmen American aborigines see Indians American art see Art, American American authors see Authors, American American ballads see Ballads, American American colonial history see U. S. — History — • Colonial period American drama See also American literature; Dramatists, American; English drama; Theater — U. S. American essays See also American literature; English essays American fiction See also American literature; English fiction American humor see Humor, American American Indians see Indians American letters see Letters, American American literature See also y\mcrican drama; American essays; American fiction; American poetry; Authors, American; Ballads, American; Canadian literature; English literature; German-American literature ; Humor, Ameri- can ; Letters, American ; Newspapers — U.S.; Orations, American; Parodies; Periodicals — U. S. ; Satire, American; Sonnets, Ameri- can Indiana New England See also Boston — Literature American loyalists see Loyalists, American American newspapers see Newspapers — U. S. American orations see Orations, American American party see Know-nothing party American periodicals see Periodicals — U. S. American poetry See also American drama; American literature; Ballads, American; Canadian poetry; English poetry; Poets, American; Songs, American; Sonnets, American American revolution see U. S. — History — Revolution ^merican satire see Satire, American American songs see Ballads, American; Songs, American American sonnets see Sonnets, American American wit and humor see Humur, American Refer from Hand; Left- and right-handedness Rejer jrom Conduct of life; Success Refer from Accidents; Carriages; Hospitals; Surgery, Military; Vehicles Refer from Constitutional law; Parliamen- tary practice Refer from U. S. — Discovery and explora- tion (s) ; U. S. — History — Colonial period Refer from Northmen Refer from American literature; American poetry; Drama; Dramatists, American; Eng- lish drama ; Theater — U. S. ; U. S. — Drama (s) Refer from American literature; I'^nglish essays ; Essays Refer from American literature; English fiction ; Fiction Refer from American drama; American essays; American fiction; American poetry; Authors, American ; English literature ; Humor, American; Literature; Satire, American; U. S. — Literature (s) Refer from Indiana — Literature (s) Refer from New England — Literature (s) Refer from American literature; Ballads, American; English poetry; Poetry; Poets, American; Sonnets, American; U. S. — Poetry (s) Americana see subhead Bibliography under America and under names of parts of the continent, regions, countries and places Americanisms Americans in Europe America's cup See also Yachts and yachting Amerinds see Indians Amish Mennonites see Mennonites Ammonia See also Alkalies Ammunition See also Firearms; Gunpowder; Ordnance; Projectiles Amphibia See also Frogs; Toads; Vertebrates Amphitheaters See also Architecture; Gladiators Amphorae see Vases Amputation See also Surgery Amulets See also Charms; Scarabs Amusement parks Amusements See also Acting; Amateur theatricals; Amusement parks; Athletics; Balls (par- ties); Camping; Cards; Charades; Circus; Coaches and coaching; Concerts; Conjur- ing; Dancing; Drills and marches; En- tertainments; Fairs; Fencing; Festivals; Fortune telling; Games; Kites; Alasquer- ades; Mathematical recreations; Minstrel shows; Mov^ing pictures; Opera; Pageants; Palmistry; Pantomime; Picnics; Play; Playgrounds; Puppet plays; Puzzles; Rid- dles; School excursions; Scientific recrea- tions; Soap bubbles; Sports; String figures; Tableaux; Theater ; Toys ; Vaudeville; Ven- triloquism; also names of cities, subhead Amusements Ana see Anecdotes Anabaptists See also Baptists; Mennonites; Peasants' war Anabolism see Metabolism Anaesthesia see Anesthetics Anagrams Analogy Analysis (chemistry) see Assaying; Blowpipe; Chemistry — Analysis; also names of sub- stances analyzed Analysis (mathematics) see Algebra; Calculus; Functions Analysis, Spectrum, see Spectrum analysis Analysis of food see Food — Analysis; Food adulteration and inspection Refer from English language; English lan- guage — Dialects; Idioms, English; Slang Refer from Cup races (s) ; Yachts and yacht- ing Refer from Agricultural chemistry; Alkalies; Chemistry, Inorganic; Chemistry, Technical; Fertilizers and manures Refer from Explosives; Firearms ; Gunnery ; Gunpowder; Guns; Military art and science; Ordnance; Projectiles Refer from Batrachia (s) ; Frogs; Reptiles; Toads; Vertebrates Refer from Architecture Refer from Surgery Refer from Archaeology; Charms; Demon- ology; Superstition; Talismans (s) ; Witch- craft Refer from Amusements; Parks Refer from Entertaining; Entertainments; Ethics; Games; Manners and customs; Pas- times (s) ; Play; Recreation (s) ; Relaxation (s) ; Sports Refer from Baptists; Germany — Religious history; Mennonites; Peasants' war; Refor- mation — Germanv ; Sects Refer from Literature; Puzzles Refer from Logic; Philosophy; Rhetoric Analytical chemistry sec Chemistry — Ana!\'- sis Anal>"tical geometr\' .we Geometry, Analytic Anarchism and anarchists Siee also Nihilism Anarchy see Anarchism and anarchists Anatomy See also Abdomen ; Anatomy, Artistic ; Anatomy, Comparative; Anthropometr}- ; Arm; Autopsy; Bones; Chest; Digestive system; Dissection; Ear; Eye; Foot; Glands; Hand; Head; Histology; Joints; Leg; Morphology; Mouth; Muscles; Nerv- ous system; Nose; Physiology; Respiratory organs; Skeleton; Skin; Surgery; Teeth; Throat; Urinary organs; Vascular system; Vi\"isection ; also names of organs, bones, etc. Artistic See also Animal painting and illustra- tion; Expression; Figure drawing; Figure painting; Proportion (art) Comparative See also Animal locomotion; Animal mechanics; Man — Origin and antiquity; Morphology; Skeleton; Zoology; also names of organs and members Anatomy for artists see Anatomy, Artistic Anatomy of plants see Botany, Structural Ancestor worship See also Confucianism; Shinto Ancestry see Genealogy; Heredity Anchors Ancien regime see France — History — Bour- bons Ancient art see Art, Ancient Ancient geography see Geography, Ancient Ancient history see History, Ancient Anecdotes See also Blunders; Children — Anecdotes and sayings ; Humor ; Indians — Anecdotes ; Last words of famous people; Table-talk; also names of wars, subhead Anecdotes Legal Medical Musical Religious Anemometer See also Meteorological instruments Aneroid barometer see Barometer Anesthetics See also Chloroform; Cocaine; Kther (anesthetic) Refer from Anarchy (s) ; Assassination; Communism; Crime and criminals; Govern- ment; Liberty; Nihilism; Sociology Refer from Abdomen; Arm; Biology; Body, Human (s) ; Bones; Chest; Digestive system; Dissection; Foot; Glands; Hand; Head; His- tology ; Human anatomy (s) ; Human body (s) ; Joints; Leg; Man; Medicine; Morphology; Muscles; Nervous system; Organography (s) ; Physiology; Respiratory organs; Skeleton; Skin; Surgery; Urinary organs; Vascular system Refer from Anatomy; Anatomy for artists (s) ; Art; Art anatomy (s) ; Artistic anatomy (s) ; Drawing; Expression; Figure drawing; Figure painting; Human figure in art (s) ; Painting; Proportion (art) ; Sculpture Refer from Anatomy; Animal mechanics; Comparative anatomy (s) ; Comparative mor- phology (s) ; Dissection; Evolution; Man — Origin and antiquity; Skeleton; Zoology; Zootomy (s) Refer from Confucianism; Famih'; Parents; Shinto; Worship Refer from Ships Refer from After-dinner speeches; Ana (s) ; Biography; Blunders; Humor; Illustrations (anecdotes) (s) ; Literature; Table-talk Refer from Law; Law)'ers; Legal anec- dotes (s) Refer from Medical anecdotes (s) ; Medicine; Physicians and surgeons Refer from Music; Music — Anecdotes (s) ; Musical anecdotes (s) ; Musicians Refer from Homiletical illustrations (s) ; Preaching; Religious anecdotes (s) ; Religious literature; Sermons — Illustrative helps (s) Refer from Winds Meteorological inst ru ments ; Refer from Ana-sthesia (s) ; Chloroform; Cocaine; Drugs; Ether (anesthetic); Medi- cine; i'ain; Surgcr)-; Therajieutics Angels See also Demonology Anger See also Emotions Angles See also Geometry Anglican church see Church of England Anglican communion See also Church of England; Protestant Episcopal church in the U. S. Angling see Fishing Anglo-Boer war see South African war, 1899- 1902 Anglo-Israelism See also Jews — Lost tribes Anglo-Saxon language -SV^ also English language; Germanic languages Anglo-Saxon literature See also Anglo-Saxon poetr}- ; English literature Anglo-Saxon poetry See also Anglo-Saxon literature; English poetry Anglo-Saxons See also England — History — To 1066; Teutonic race Angora goats See also Goats Aniline colors see Coal-tar colors Animal behavior see Animals — Habits and behavior Animal charcoal See also Bone products Animal chemistry see Physiological chemistry Animal coloration see Color of animals Animal drawing see Animal painting and illustration Animal dwellings see Animals — Habitations Animal electricity see Electrophysiology Animal experimentation See also Vi\iscclion Animal fats see Oils and fats Animal food See also Meat; Vegetarianism Animal heat See also Physiological chemistry Animal homes see Animals — Habitations Animal industry see Domestic animals; Li\'e stock Animal instinct see Instinct Animal intelligence See also Animals — Habits and behavior; Automatism; Instinct; Psychology, Com- parative Refer from Bible; Heaven; Theology Refer from Emotions; Ethics Refer from Geometry Refer from Church of England; Protestant Episcopal church in the U. S. Refer from Jews; Jews — Lost tribes Refer from English language; English lan- guage — Old English (s) ; Germanic languages ; Old English language (s) ; Saxon language (sj Refer from Anglo-Saxon poetry; English literature; Middle ages — Literature; Old English literature (s) Refer from Anglo-Saxon literature; English poetry Refer from Civilization; England — History — To 1066; Ethnology — England ; Ethnology — U. S. ; Teutonic race Refer fro >n Goats Refer from Bone black (s) ; Bone products; Charcoal Animal kingdom see Zoology Refer from Animals, Experiments on (s) ; Animals — Treatment ; Experiments (s) ; Medi- cal research ; Vivisection Refer from Diet; Food; Meat; Vegetarianism Refer from Calorimeters and calorimctry; Heat; Physiological chemistry; Temperature Refer from Animal psychology (s) ; Animals — Habits and behavior; Animals — Stories; Instinct; Intellect; Intelligence of animals (s) ; Mind in animals (s) ; Ps_\'chology ; Psychology, Comparati\e ; Reason; Soul 13 Animal locomotion Sfe also Animal mechanics; Flight; Muscles; Running; Speed; Swimming; Walking Animal lore [including legends] St'e also Animal worship; Animals, Mythi- cal ; Animals — Stories ; Bestiaries ; Dragons ; Fables; Folklore; Natural history; Nature myths; Vampires; Werwolves Animal magnetism Si'e also Clairvoyance; H\'pnotism; Sug- gestion Animal mechanics See also Anatomj', Comparative; Animal locomotion; Flight Animal mythology see Animal lore; Animals, Mythical Animal oils see Oils and fats Animal painting and illustration Animal parasites see Parasites Animal photography see Photography — Animals Animal pictures see Animals — • Pictures Animal products See also Bone products ; Chemistr\', Technical; Commercial products; Dairy products; Eggs; Feathers; Fur; Gelatin; Glue; Hides and skins; Ivory; Leather; Meat; Oils and fats; Silk; Wool Animal psychology see Animal intelligence; Psychology, Comparative Animal speech see Animals — Language Animal stories see Animals — Stories Animal worship See also Serpent worship; Totems and totemism Microscope and mi- ind non-systematic Animalcules See also Infusoria. croscopy; Protozoa Animals [for descriptive material] See also Birds ; Color of animals ; Domestic animals; Hunting; Insects; Instinct; Ale- nageries ; Mimicry(biology) ; Natural history ; Nature study; Pets; Play; Taxidermy; Vivariums; Zoological gardens; Zoology, and references under that subject; also headings beginning Animal, and names of animals Behavior, see Animals — Habits and behavior Breeding, see Breeding Coloration, see Color of animals Cruelty to, see Animals — Treatment Diseases See also Cattle — Diseases ; Domestic animals; Parasites; Tuberculosis in ani- mals; Veterinary medicine Domestic, see Domestic animals Refer from Anatomy, Comparative; Animal mechanics; Flight; Locomotion; Motion; Movements of animals (s) Refer from Animal mythology (s) ; Animals — Folklore (s) ; Animals — Legends (s) ; Ani- mals, Mythical; Animals — Stories; Animals in folklore (s) ; Bestiaries; Dragons; Fables; Folklore; Folklore of animals (s) ; Imaginary animals (s) ; Legends; Nature myths ; Zoolog- ical mythology (s) Refer from Biomagnetism (s) ; Clairvoyance; Hypnotism; Magnetism; Mental healing; Mesmerism (s) ; Psychical research; Suggestion Refer from Anatomy, Comparative; mal locomotion; Flight; Mechanics Ani- Refer from Anatomy, Artistic; drawing (s) ; Art; Drawing; Painting Animal Refer from Bone products; Chemistry, Technical ; Commercial products ; Zoology, Economic Refer from Animal lore; Animals, Worship of (s) ; Mythology; Nature worship; Totems and totemism ; Worship Refer from Micro-organisms (s) ; Zoology Refer from Beasts (s) ; Natural histor>-; Nature; Nature study; Quadrupeds; Wild animals (s) ; Zoology Refer from Diseases of Animals (s) ; Veteri- nary medicine 14 Animals — Continued Experiments on, see Animal experimenta- tion Extinct See also Paleontology Fictitious, see Animals, Mythical Folklore, see Animal lore Fossil, see Paleontology Geographic distribution, see Geographical distribution of animals and plants Habitations See also Nests Habits and behavior See also Animal intelligence; Animals — Stories; Hibernation; Instinct; Irrita- bility; Mimicry (biology); Nature study; Orientation; also names of animals Imaginary, see Animals, Mythical Irritability, see Irritability Language Legends, see Animal lore; Animals — Stories Migration See also Birds — Migration ; Geograph- ical distribution of animals and plants -Mythical See also Animal lore; Dragons: serpents; Vampires; Werwolves Sea -Orientation, see Orientation -Photography, see Photography — Ani- mals -Pictures See also Photography — Animals -Protection, see Animals — Treatment; Game laws; Game protection -Stories See also Animal intelligence; Animal lore; Animals — Habits and behavior; Fables; Nature study; also names of animals, e.g. Birds — Stories; Dogs — Stories -Training See also Domestication; Horse training -Transportation -Treatment See also Animal experimentation; Ani- mals — Transportation; Clieckrcins; Hu- mane societies; Vivisection -Useful and harmful, see Domestic animals; Zoology, Economic -Worship of, see Animal worship Refer from Extinct animals (s) ; Paleontology Refer from Animal dwellings (s) ; Animal homes (s) ; Habitations of animals (s) ; Nests Refer from Animal behavior (s) ; Animal intelligence; Animals — Behavior (s) ; Ani- mals ^ Stories ; Habits of animals (s) ; Hi- bernation; Instinct; Mimicry (biology); Na- ture study Refer from Animal speech (s) ; Language of animals (s) ; Speech; Speech of animals (s) Refer from Birds — Migration; Geographi- cal distribution of animals and plants; Migra- tion of animals (s) Refer from Animal lore; Animal mytholo- gy (s) ; Animals, Fictitious (s) ; Animals, Im- aginary (s) ; Dragons; Imaginary animals (s) ; Mythical animals (s) ; Mythology; Sea ser- pents; Vampires; Werwolves; Zoological mythology (s) Refer from Animal pictures (s) ; Pictures Refer from Animal lore; Animal stories (s) Animals — Habits and behavior; Animals — Legends (s) ; Nature study Refer from Animals in captivity (s) ; Circus; Domestication; Training Refer from Animals — Treatment; Cattle — Transportation (s) ; Live stock — Transporta- tion (s) ; Transportation; Transportation of animals (s) Refer from Animals, Cruelty to (s) ; Animals — Protection (s) ; Brutes (s) ; Cruelty; Domes- tic animals; Ethics; Humane societies; Kind- ness to animals (s) ; Prevention of cruelty to animals (s) ; Treatment of animals (s) IS Animals in captivity see Animals - — Training; Menageries ; Zoological gardens Animals in folklore see Animal lore Animals in poetry Refer from Poetry; Poetry of animals (s) Animation, Suspended, see Suspended anima- tion Animatograph see Moving pictures Animism See also Fetishism; Idealism; Material- Refer from Fetishism; Folklore; Life- ism; Serpent worship; Soul; Spiritualism; Materialism ; Soul ; Tree worship Transmigration; Tree worship Annals see Chronology, Historical ; History Annealing See also Glass; Iron; Steel Refer from Glass; Iron; Metals; Pottery" Steel Annexations see names of countries and cities, subhead Annexations Annihilation See also Future life Refer from Future life; l^heology Anniversaries See also Birthdays; Holidays; Wedding Refer from Birthdays; Celebrations (s) ; anniversaries Holidays Annuals [enter here only the old-fashioned gift books] See also Almanacs; Yearbooks Refer from Yearbooks Annuals (plants) See also Botan\-; Floriculture Refer from Botan)-; Floriculture; Plants Annuities See also Insurance, Life; Pensions Refer from Insurance, Life; Investments; Pensions; Probabilities Anointing see L'nction Anonyms See also Pseudonyms Refer from Authors; Bibliography; Pseudo- nyms Ant see Ants Antarctic expeditions see Antarctic regions Antarctic regions See also Scientific expeditions ; South pole; Refer from Antarctic expeditions (s) ; Arctic Voyages and travels regions; Discoveries and explorations; Earth; Geography; Polar regions (s) ; Scientific expe- Ante-Xicene fathers see Fathers of the church Anthems See also Chants; Church music; Hymns Refer from Chants; Choruses and part songs; ditions; South pole; Voyages and traveis Refer from Chants; Choruse Church music; Music; Songs Anthologies see Poetry — Collections; also, e.g., English poetry — Collections Anthracite coal see Coal Anthracite coal Strike, 1902 Refer from Coal mines and mining; Labor and laboring classes — Pennsylvania; Strikes and lockouts Anthropogeography See also Acclimatization; Environment; Refer from Acclimatization; Anthropology; Migration of nations Commercial geograph)'; Environment; Eth- nology; Geographical distribution of men (s) ; Geography; Geography, Social (s) ; History; Immigration and emigration; Man; Migration of nations Anthropology See also Anthropogeography; Anthro- Refer from Archaeology; Civilization; Eth- pomctry ; Archaeology ; Ca\e dwellers ; Civi- nolog)- ; Evolution; History; Human race (s) ; lization; Cliff dwellers and cliff dwellings; Man; Alan — Natural history (s) ; Migration Color of man; Crime and criminals; Degen- of nations; Natural history; Race characteris- eration; Environment; Etlinology; Eth- tics (s) ; Science; Sociology nopsychology ; Eugenics; E\olution; Lake dwellers and lake dwellings; Language; 16 Man; Manners and customs; Migration of nations; Skeleton; Society, Primiti\e; So- ciology; Tribes and tribal s>-steni ; Women; a/so names of races, tribes, etc. Anthropometry See also Bertillon system; Finger prints; Identification; Psychometry Anthropophagy see Cannibalism Antichrist Anti-corrosive paint see Corrosion and anti- corrosives Antidotes see Poisons; also names of poisons Anti-imperialism see Imperialism Anti-masonry see Freemasons Antinomianism Antiquarian societies See also Historical societies Antiquarians see Archaeologists Antiques -Forged See also Art forgeries Antiquities see Archaeology; also names of countries, cities, etc., subhead Antiquities Antiquity of man see Man — Origin and an- tiquity Anti-reformation see Counter-reformation Anti-Semifism see Jews — Political and social conditions Antiseptics See also Disinfection and disinfectants; Putrefaction Antislavery see Slavery Antitoxins See also Immunity; Serum therapy Antlers see Horns Antonyms see Synonyms and antonyms Ants See also Hymenoptera Anxiety see Fear; Worry Apache Indians Apartment houses See also Lodging houses; Tenement houses Ape see Apes Apes See also Gorillas; Monkeys; Primates Aphasia Aphididac see Plant lice Aphorisms see Epigrams; Maxims; Proverbs; Quotations; Table-talk Apiaries see Bees Apiculture see Bees Refer from Anatomy; Anthropology; Ber- tillon system ; Crime and criminals ; F".thnolog\- ; Human body (s) ; Identification; Alan; School children Refer from Jesus Christ; Theology Refer from Calvinism; Congregationalism; Massachusetts — Religious history; Mosaic law; Theology Refer froyn Archaeology; Historical societies; Societies Refer from Art; Collectors and collecting; Furniture Refer from Art forgeries; Counterfeits; Forgeries (s) ; Forgery of antiques (s) ; Fraud; Imposture; Swindlers and swindling Refer from Disinfection and disinfectants; Medicine; Putrefaction; Surger}-; Therapeu- tics Refer from Diphtheria; Drugs; Immunit}'; Physiological chemistry; Poisons; Serum therapy; Tetanus; Therapeutics; Toxins Refer from Ant (s) ; Ih'mcnoptera Refer from Indians Refer from Architecture, Domestic; Flats (s) ; Home economics; Hotels; Housing prob- lem; Landlord and tenant; Tenement houses Refer from Ape (s) ; Gorillas; Monkeys: Primates Refer from Brain; Menial diseases; Speech 17 Apocalypse see Bible — New Testament — Revelation Apocalyptic literature See also Bible — New Testament — Rev- elation ; Revelation Apocrypha see Bible — Old Testament — Apocrypha Apocryphal books (New Testament) see Bible — New Testament — Apocryphal books Apologetics see Christianity — Evidences Apoplexy Apostles See also Bible — New Testament ; Church history — Early church — Apostolic; Saints Apostles' creed Apostolic canons See also Apostolic constitutions Apostolic church see Church history — Early church — Apostolic Apostolic constitutions See also Apostolic canons Apostolic fathers See also Church history — Early church — Apostolic; Fathers of the church Apostolic succession See also Bishops; Catholic church — Clergy; Church of England — Clergy; Epis- copacy; Popes Apothecaries see Pharmacists Apothegms see Epigrams; Maxims; Proverbs; Quotations; Table-talk Apparatus see Instruments Apparitions See also Demonology ; Ghosts; Illusions and hallucinations; Psychical research; Spiritualism Appeal Appendicitis Apperception See also Attention; Knowledge; Percep- tion; Psychology; Psychology, Educational Apple See also Cider; Fruit Apples see Apple Applied mechanics see Mechanical engineering; Mechanics, Applied Applied science see Technology Refer from Bible — New Testament Revelation; Prophecies; Revelation Refer from Brain; Cerebral hemorrhage (s) ; Medicine — Practice; Paralysis Refer from Bible; Bible — New Testament; Christian biography; Christianity; Church history — Early church — Apostolic; Evan- gelists (s) ; Jesus Christ; Saints; Theology Refer from Catholic church — Catechisms and creeds; Church of England — Catechisms and creeds ; Creeds Refer from Apostolic constitutions; Canons, Apostolic (s) ; Church law; Fathers of the church; Theology Refer from Apostolic canons; Bible — New Testament — Apocryphal books; Church law; Constitutions, Apostolic (s) ; Fathers of the church ; Theology Refer from Christian biography; Church history — Early church — Apostolic; Fathers of the church Refer from Bishops; Catholic church; Catholic church — Clergy; Church history; Church of England; Church of England — Clergy; Church polity; Episcopacy; Popes; Protestant Episcopal church in the U. S ; Theology Refer from Demonology; Dreams; Ghosts; Illusions and hallucinations; Phantoms (s) ; Psychical research; Psychology; Specters (s) ; Spectres (s) ; Spirits (s) ; Spiritualism; Super- natural; Superstition; Visions (s) Refer from Courts; Law; Pleading and practice Refer from Intestines; Medicine — Practice; Surgery Refer from Knowledge; chology, Educational Perception ; Ps)- Refer from Apples (s) ; Fruit i8 Appraisal of books see Book reviews; Books and reading; Books and reading — Best books; Criticism; Literature — History and criticism Appraising iiee also Administrators and executors; Arbitration and award; Damages; Eminent domain; Insurance; Taxation Appreciation of art see Art — Appreciation Appreciation of music see Music — Apprecia- tion Apprentices April fools' day Aquariums Hec also Fresii-water fauna ; Water gardens Aquatic animals see Fresh-water fauna; Marine zoology Aquatic birds see Water birds Aquatic gardening see Water gardens Aquatic insects see Insects, Aquatic Aquatic life see Fresh-water life; Marine biology Aquatic plants See also Algs; Fresh-water life; Marine biology; Water gardens Aquatic sports See also Boats and boating; Canoes and canoeing; Fishing; Rowing; Sailing; Sports; Swimming; Yachts and yachting Aqueducts See also Civil engineering Arabesques See also Decoration and ornament Arabic language See also Inscriptions, Arabic; Manu- scripts, y\rabic; Semitic languages Arabic literature See also Arabic poetry; Oriental literature Arabic numerals see Numerals Arabic poetry See also Arabic literature Arabs See also Algeria; Arabia; Bedouins; Mo- hammedanism; Moors; Saracens; Semitic race Arabs in Spain see Moors in Spain Arachnida See also Arthropoda; Spiders Arbitrage see Stock exchange Arbitration, Industrial, see Arbitration and conciliation, Industrial Arbitration, International See also Disarmament; International law; Peace; War R-fer from Arbitration and award; Damages; Law; Properly; Taxation Refer from Boys; Child labor; Economics; Indentured servants; Industrial education; Labor and laboring classes; Master and ser- vant; Technical education Refer from All fools' day (s) ; Days; Manners and customs Refer from Fish; Fresh-water fauna; Marine zoology; Natural history; Vivariums; Water gardens; Zoology Re^er from Algae; Botany; Fresh-water flora (s) ; Fresh-water life; Marine biology; Marine botany (s) ; Marine flora (s) ; Marine plants (s) ; Plants; Plants, Aquatic (s) ; Sea plants (s) ; Water gardens; Water plants (s) Refer from Boats and boating; Rowing; Sailing; Sports; Swimming; Water sports (s) ; Yachts and yachting Refer from Canals; Civil engineering; Con- duits (s) ; Engineering; Hydraulic engineering; Water supply Refer from Decoration and ornament Refer from Semitic languages Refer from Arabic poetry; Oriental literature ; Turkish literature Refer from Arabic literature Ri'fer from Algeria; Arabia; Bedouins; Mohammedanism; Moors; Saracens; Semitic race Refer from Arthropoda; Spiders Refer from Arbitration and award; Dis- armament; International arbitration (s) ; Inter- national law; International relations; Peace; Treaties ; War 19 Arbitration and award See also Arbitration, International; Ap- ^/"/ir/rowz Appraising; Awards (s) ; Damages; praising; Damages; Eminent domain Law Arbitration and conciliation, Industrial Sre also Labor and capital; Labor ex- es and lockouts; Trade changes; Strik agreements Arbor day See also Tree planting Arboriculture see Forests and forestry ; Fruit culture; Tree planting; Trees Arc, Electric, see Electric arc Arc lamps see Electric lamps Arc light see Electric lighting; also Electric arc Arcades Arch see Arches Archaean period see Geology, Stratigraphic — Archaean Archaeologists See also Historians Archaeology See also Amulets; Anthropology; Anti- quarian societies; Architecture, Ancient; Arms and armor; Arrowheads ; Art, Ancient ; Art, Primitive; Baths and bathing; Bells; Bible — Antiquities; Brasses; Bronze age; Bronzes; Burial; Castles; Catacombs; Cave dwellers; Caves; Cemeteries; Chariots; Christian antiquities; Christian art and symbolism; Civilization; Classical anti- quities; Cliff dwellers and cliff dwellings; Copper age; Costume; Cromlechs; Cross; Earthworks (archaeology); Epitaphs; Eth- nology; Folklore; Funeral rites and cere- monies; Gems; Heraldry; History; History, Ancient; Indians — Antiquities; Industries, Primitive; Inscriptions; Iron age; Kitchen middens; Lake dwellers and lake dwellings; Man — Origin and antiquity ; Manners and customs; Medals ; Middle ages ; Monuments ; Mounds and mound builders; Mummies; Mythology; Numismatics; Obelisks; Paint- ing; Picture writing; Pottery; Pyramids; Round towers; Sculpture; Seals (numis- matics); Stone age; Stone implements; Sundials; Temples; Tombs; also names of countries, cities, etc., subhead Antiquities Archbishops Sre also Bishops ; Catholic church — Clergy; Church of England — Clergy Archegony see Spontaneous generation Archery See also Bow and arrow Refer from Arbitration, Industrial (s) ; Commercial law; Conciliation, Industrial (s) ; Industrial arbitration (s) ; Industrial concilia- tion (s) ; Labor and capital; Labor and labor- ing classes ; Labor unions ; Strikes and lockouts ; Trade agreements Refer from Forests and forestry; Tree planting; Trees Refer fro 7n Architecture Holidays; Refer fro? Historians Antiquarians (s) ; Biography; Refer from Anthropology; Antiquities (s) ; Architecture; Architecture, Ancient; Art; Art, Ancient; Art, Primitive; Bronze age; Cave dwellers; Civilization; Classical antiqui- ties; Cliff dwellers and cliff dwellings; Copper age; Earthworks (archaeology); Ethnology; Excavations (s) ; History; History, Ancient; Industries, Primitive; Iron age; Lake dwellers and lake dwellings; Man; Man — Origin and antiquity; Manners and customs; Monu- ments; Mythology; Prehistoric archaeology (s) ; Ruins (s) ; Stone age Rrfrr from Bishops; Catholic church — Biography; Catholic church — Clerg\' ; Chris- tian biography; Church of England — Biog- raphy; Church of England — Clergy; Episco- pacy Refer from Bow and arrow; Militar\- art and science; Shooting; Sports Arches See also Arches of triumph; Architecture; Bridges; Building; Culverts; Strains and stresses; Vaulting Arches of triumph Architects Architectural acoustics see Acoustics of build- ings Architectural design See also Architectural drawing Architectural details see Architecture — De- tails Architectural drawing See also Architectural design; Architec- ture — Details; Blue prints; Mechanical drawing Architectural gardening see Landscape garden- ing Architecture See also Acoustics of buildings; Amphi- theaters; Arcades; Archaeology; Arches; Arches of triumph ; Architects ; Architectural design; Architectural drawing; Art; Barns and stables; Basilicas; Baths, Public; Bridges; Building; Building materials; Carpentry; Castles; Cathedrals; Ceilings; Chimneys; Christian art and symbolism; Church architecture; Columns; Concrete construction; Cornices; Decoration and ornament; Domes; Doors; Factories; Farm buildings; Fences; Fireplaces; Fireproof construction; Floors; Foundations; Foun- tains ; Gables ; Garages ; Gates ; Grain eleva- tors ; Greenhouses; Grilles; Heating; High buildings; Hospitals; Hotels; House paint- ing; Library architecture; Machine shops; Masonry; Metal work; Military archi- tecture; Mills and millwork; Moldings; Mosques; Municipal art; Municipal centers; Mural painting and decoration; Obelisks; Orders of architecture; Orientation (archi- tecture) ; Packing houses ; Palaces ; Pergolas ; Plumbing; Portable buildings; Proportion (art) ; Public buildings ; Pyramids ; Railings ; Railroads — Buildings; Railroads — Sta- tions; Roofs; Sanitary engineering; School- houses; Secret chambers; Spires; Stair building; Steel construction; Strains and stresses; Strength of materials; Temples; Theaters; Tombs; Towers; Trusses; Vault- ing; Vaults; Ventilation; Walls; Warehous- es; Windows; Woodwork; also names of cities, subhead Architecture Ancient See also Archaeology; Architecture, Greek; Cliff dwellers and cliff dwellings; Lake dwellers and lake dwellings; Pyra- mids; Temples Colonial See also Architecture, American; also names of states and cities, subhead His- toric houses, etc. Refer from Arch (s) ; Architecture; Bridges; Building; Civil engineering; Engineering; Masonry; Roofs; Strains and stresses; Vault- ing Refer from Arches; Architecture; Monu- ments; Triumphal arches (s) Refer from Architecture; Artists; Biography Refer from Architectural drawing; Archi- tecture; Decoration and ornament; Design, Architectural (s) ; Design, Decorative Refer from Architectural design; Archi- tecture; Drawing; House plans (s) ; Mechani- cal drawing; Plans (architecture) (s) Refer from Acoustics of buildings; Amphi- theaters; Arches; Art; Basilicas; Building; Castles; Church architecture; Columns; Con- struction (s) ; Cornices; Decoration and orna- ment; Domes; Doors; Engineering; Industrial arts; Moldings; Palaces; Pergolas; Roofs; Strength of materials; Towers; Vaulting; Windows Refer from Archaeology; Art, Ancient Refer from Architecture, American; Colonial architecture (s) ; Colonial life and customs Architecture — Continued Details Domestic See also Apartment houses; Bungalows; Cottages; Country houses; Farm build- ings ; Fireplaces ; Heating; House decora- tion; House painting; Housing problem; Log cabins; Plumbing; Tenement houses -Ecclesiastical, see Church architecture -Gothic See also Cathedrals ; Church architecture -Greek See also Orders of architecture ; Temples -Medieval See also Castles; Cathedrals, and other references under Architecture -Military, see Fortification; Military archi- tecture -Mohammedan See also Alhambra ; Mosques Moorish, see Architecture, Mohammedan Naval, see Shipbuilding Oriental See also Architecture, Mohammedan; Mosques; Taj Mahal; Temples Renaissance See also Art, Renaissance Rural, see Architecture, Domestic; Bunga- lows; Cottages; Country houses; Farm buildings Archives See also Charters; Manuscripts; Pale- ography; Vital records; also names of coun- tries, subhead Archives Arctic expeditions see Arctic regions Arctic flora see Botany — Arctic regions Arctic regions See also Antarctic regions; Eskimos; Ice- bergs; North pole; Northeast passage; Northwest passage; Scientific expeditions; Voyages and travels; also names of exploring expeditions Areometer see Hydrometer Argon Argonauts See also Mythology, Classical Argot see Slang Argument see Debating; Logic Arianism See also Church history — Early church; Jesus Christ — Divinil)'; Socinianism; Trinity; Unitarianism Arid farming see Dry farming Refer from Architectural details (s) ; Archi- tural drawing; Details, Architectural (s) Refer from Architecture, Rural (s) ; Cottages; Country houses; Domestic architecture (s) ; Dwellings (s) ; Farm buildings; Farm houses (s) ; Fireplaces; Habitations, Human (s) ; House plans (s) ; Houses (s) ; Plans (architec- ture) (s) ; Residences (s) ; Rural architecture (s) ; Suburban houses (s) ; Summer cottages (s) ; Tenement houses; Villas (s) Refer from Cathedrals; Christian antiqui- ties; Church architecture; Gothic architecture (s) ; Pointed architecture (s) Refer from Architecture, Ancient; Greek architecture (s) ; Orders of architecture Refer from Medieval architecture Middle ages — Architecture (s) (s); Refer from Architecture, Moorish (s) ; Architecture, Oriental; Mohammedan archi- tecture (s) ; Moorish architecture (s) ; Mosques Refer from Mosques; Oriental architecture (s) ; Temples Refer from Art, Renaissance; Renaissance; Renaissance architecture (s) Refer from Bibliography; Charters; Docu- ments (s) ; History — Sources; Manuscripts; Public records (s) ; Records, Public (s) Refer from Arctic expeditions (s) ; Discover- ies and explorations; Earth; Eskimos; Geogra- phy; Ice; Icebergs; North pole; Northeast passage; Northwest passage; Polar regions (s) ; Scientific expeditions; Voyages and travels Refer from Air; Chemical elements; Gases Refer from Golden fleece (s) ; Mythology, Classical Refer from Church history — Early church; Humanitarianism (theology) (s) ; Jesus Christ — Divinity; Socinianism; Trinity; Unita- rianism Aristocracy See also Democracy; Government; Oli- garchy; Peerage Arithmetic St-e also Calculating machines; Decimal system; Interest; Mathematical instru- ments; Mathematics; Mensuration; Metric system; Notation (mathematics), Numbers; Numerals; Ready-reckoners Commercial See also Accounting; Bookkeeping; Calculating machines; Interest; Ready- reckoners Arithmetical instruments see Mathematical instruments Arm See also Anatomy; Artificial limbs Armada, 1588 See also England — History — Elizabe- than period; England — Histor)% Naval; Spain — History — 1479-1700; Spain — History, Naval Armaments see Armies ; Disarmament ; Navies ; also names of countries, subheads Army and Navy Armatures See also Commutators; Dynamos; Elec- tromagnets Armenian language See also Aryan languages; Oriental languages Armies See also Army life; Disarmament; Mer- cenary troops; Militarism; Military art and science; Military hygiene; Military maneu- vers; Military service; Militia; Navies; Recruiting and enlistment; Soldiers; War; also names of countries, subhead Army Arminianism Armor see Arms and armor Armor plate See also Armored vessels; Coast defense; Nickel steel Armored concrete see Concrete, Reinforced Armored vessels See also Armor plate; Navies; Warships Armories See also Arsenals; Military architecture Arms (anatomy) see Arm Arms, Coats of, see Heraldry Arms and armor See also Artillery ; Bayonets ; Boomerangs ; Bow and arrow; Firearms; Guns; Helmets; Indians — Implements and weapons; Ord- nance; Pistols; Rifles; Swords; Throwing sticks Army see Armies; Military art and science; also names of countries, subhead Army Army canteens see Canteens (army) Refer from Constitutional history; Democ- racy; Equality; Government; Nobility (s) ; Peerage Refer from Interest; Mathematics; Mental arithmetic (s) ; Numbers; Oral arithmetic (s) ; Weights and measures Refer from Accounting; Business arith- metic (s) ; Cambistry (s) ; Commercial arith- metic (s) Refer from Anatomy; Arms (anatomy) (s) Refer from England — History — Elizabe- than period; England- — History, Naval; Naval battles ; Spain — History — 1479-1700; Spain — History, Naval; Spanish armada (s) Refer from Dynamos; Electric apparatus and appliances; Electric armatures (s) ; Electric engineering; Electric motors; Electricity; Electromagnets Refer fro m languages Aryan languages; Oriental Refer from Armaments (s) ; Army (s) ; Disarmament; Militarism; Military art and science; Military power (s) ; Navies; Soldiers; Standing army (s) ; War Refer from Calvinism; Predestination; Theology Refer from Armored vessels; Coast defense; Naval art and science; Nickel steel; Steel; Warships Refer from Armor plate; Iron-clad vessels (s) ; Ironclads (s) ; Naval art and science; Navies; Shipbuilding; Ships; Warships Refer from Arsenals; Military architecture Refer from Archaeology; Armor (s) ; Bayo- nets; Costume, Military (s) ; Firearms; Heraldry; Military art and science; Military costume (s) ; Swords; Weapons (s) 23 Army life See also Military service; Soldiers Army of the Cumberland See also U. S. — History — Civil war Army of the Potomac See also Peninsular campaign, — History — Civil war 1862; U. S. Aromatic plant products see Essences and essential oils Arrest See also Bail; Constables; Extradition; Habeas corpus; Sheriffs Arrow-heads see Arrowheads Arrowheads See also Bow and arrow; Indians — An- tiquities Arrows see Bow and arrow Arsenals See also Armories; Military architecture; also names of cities, subhead Arsenals Arsenic Art See also Anatomy, Artistic; Animal paint- ing and illustration ; Antiques; Archaeology; Architecture; Art and morals; Art forgeries; Art in literature; Art societies; Artists; Arts and crafts, and references under that subject; Brasses; Bric-a-brac; Bronzes; Caricature and cartoons; Carving (art industries); Children in literature and art; Christian art and symbolism; Classicism; Collectors and collecting; Composition (art) ; Costume ; Decoration and ornament ; Design, Decorative ; Drawing ; Engraving ; Esthetics ; Etching; Frescoes; Gems; Glyptics; House decoration; Idealism in art; Illustration of books ; Impressionism (art) ; Indians — Art ; Industrial arts ; Landscape gardening; Lith- ography; Aladonnas; ISIinialure painting; Mosaics; Municipal art; Mural painting and decoration; Music; Naturalism in art; Nude in art; Numismatics; Painting; Pastel; Photography; Pictures; Portraits; Posters; Preraphaelitism ; Proportion (art) ; Realism in art ; Sculpture; Silhouettes; Stained glass ; Symbolism; Women in literature and art; also names of cities, subhead Art American Scif a/jo Architecture, American; Paint- ing, American; Sculpture, American Ancient See also Archaeology; Architecture, Ancient; Art, Primitive; Classical antiq- uities; also Art, Greek; Art, Roman; etc. Appreciation See also Art — Criticism; Art — Study and teaching; Esthetics Refer from Armies ; Military life (s) ; Soldiers ; U. S. — Army Refer from Cumberland, Army of the (s) ; U. S. — History — Civil war; U. S. — His- tory — Civil war — Campaigns and battles; U. S. — History — Civil war — Regimental histories Refer from Peninsular campaign, 1862; Potomac, Army of the (s) ; U. S. — History — Civil war; U. S. — History- — Ci\il war — Campaigns and battles; U. S. — History — Civil war — Regimental histories Refer from Bail; Constables; Criminal law; Imprisonment (s) ; Sheriffs Refer from Archaeology; Arrow-heads (s) ; Bow and arrow; Indians — Antiquities Refer from Armories; Firearms; Military architecture; Ordnance Refer from Chemical elements; Poisons Refer from Architecture; Arts, Fine (s) ; Arts and crafts; Christian art and symbolism; Civilization; Composition (art); Decoration and ornament; Design, Decorative; Esthetics; Fine arts (s) ; Graphic arts (s) ; Iconogra- phy (s) ; Painting; Sculpture Refer from American art (s) ; U. S. — Art (s) U. S. — Fine arts (s) Refer from Ancient art (s; ; Archaeology Refer from Appreciation of art (s) ; Art — Criticism; Art — Stud_\- and leaching; Es- thetics 24 Art — Continued Christian, see Christian art and symbolism Criticism See also Art — Appreciation; Esthetics Decorative, see Arts and crafts ; Decora- tion and ornament ; Design, Decorative Education, see Art — Study and teaching Exhibitions See also Art — Galleries and museums Galleries and museums iSV^ also Art- — -Exhibitions; Paintings; also names of galleries, e.g. Louvre, Ver- sailles (palace) ; and names of cities, sub- head Galleries and museums Medieval Municipal, see Municipal art Primitive See also Archaeology; Indians — Art Renaissance See also Architecture, Renaissance; Renaissance Study and teaching See also Art — Appreciation Art anatomy see Anatomy, Artistic Art and morals See also Nude in art Art criticism see Art — Criticism Art education see Art — Study and teaching Art forgeries See atso Antiques, Forged Art galleries see Art — Galleries and museums Art glass see Glass, Ornamental Art in literature Art in the schoolroom see Art — Study and teaching; School decoration Art industries see Arts and crafts; Industrial arts Art museums see Art — Galleries and museums Art societies Arteries See also Blood; Blood vessels; Veins Artesian wells See also Boring; Wells Arthropoda See also Arachnida ; Crustacea; Insects; In\-crtebratcs ; Myriapoda Arthurian romances See also Grail Articles, Thirty-nine, see Church of England — Articles of religion Articulatifins see Joints Artificial flowers See also Glass flowers; Paper flowers; Wax flowers Refer from Art — Appreciation; Art criti- cism (s) ; Criticism; Esthetics Refer from Art — Galleries and museums; Exhibitions; Paintings; Pictures Refer from Art — Exhibitions ; Art galleries(s) ; Art museums (s) ; Exhibitions; Galleries (art) (s) ; Museums; Paintings; Pictures Refer from Medieval art (s) ; Middle ages — Art (s) Refer from Archaeology; Art, Ancient; Ethnology; Primitive art (s) Refer from Architecture, Renaissance; Ren- aissance; Renaissance art (s) Refer from Art — Appreciation ; Art — Edu- cation (s) ; Art education (s) ; Art in the schoolroom (s) Refer from Art; Ethics; Nude in art Refer from Antiques, Forged; Art; Counter- feits; Forgeries (s) ; Forgery; Forgery of works of art (s) ; Fraud; Imposture; Paintings; Pictures; Swindlers and swindling Refer from Art; Literature Refer from Art; Artists; Societies Refer from Blood; Blood vessels; Vascular system; Veins Refer from Boring; Hydraulic engineering; Water supply; Wells Refer from Arachnida; Crustacea; Insects; Invertebrates; Myriapoda Refer from Chivalry; Grail; Legends; Middle ages — Literature; Romances; Round Table (s) Refer from Fancy work; Flowers; Flowers, Artificial (s) ; Millinery 25 Artificial ice see Ice — - Manufacture Artificial language see Language, Artificial Artificial limbs Artificial stone see Stone, Artificial Artillery See also Artillery drill and tactics ; Gunnery ; Military art and science; Naval guns; Ord- nance; Projectiles; also under country, e.g. U. S. — Army — Artillery. For volunteer regiments in the U. S. see under name of state, e.g New York artillery Artillery drill and tactics See also Gunnery ; Tactics ; Target practice Artistic anatomy see Anatomy, Artistic Artists See also Architects; Art societies; Bo- hemianism; Engravers; Illustrators; Musi- cians; Painters; Sculptors; Women as artists Artists' marks Arts, Fine, see Art Arts, Useful, see Industrial arts Arts and crafts See also Art; Basketwork; Beadwork; Bookbinding; Carving (art industries); China painting; Coppersmithing; Decora- tion and ornament; Design, Decorative; Domestic arts; Embroidery; Enamel; Fur- niture; Gesso; Glass; Goldsmithing; Handi- craft; Illumination of manuscripts and books; Industrial arts; Inlay; Ironwork; Jewelry; Lace; Lacquer; Leather work; Manual training; Metal work; Modeling; Mosaics*; Needlework; Pewter; Pottery; Pyrography; Repousse work; Rugs; Shell- work; Silversmithing; Stencil work; Tap- estry; Weaving; Wood carving Aryan civilization see Civilization, Aryan Aryan languages See also Armenian language; Celtic languages; Germanic languages; Greek language; Indo-Aryan languages; Iranian languages; Latin language; Romance lan- guages; Slavic languages Aryans See also Caucasian race; Celts; Civiliza- tion, Aryan; Hindus; Latin races; Sla\s; Teutonic race Asbestos See also Geology, Economic Ascension of Jesus Christ see Jesus Christ — Resurrection and ascension Asceticism See also Fasting; Hermits; Monasticism Ash Wednesday See also Lent Asiatic cholera see Cholera, Asiatic Refer from Arm; Leg Refer from Arms and armor; Batteries (military) (s) ; Coast artillery (s) ; Coast de- fense; Field artillery (s) ; Firearms; Gunnery; Guns; Military art and science; Ordnance Refer from Artillery; Drill (military); Gun- nery; Military art and science; Tactics Refer from Art; Biography; Engravers; Painters; Sculptors Refer from Initials; Marks, Artists' (s) ; Monograms Refer from Art; Art, Decorative (s) ; Art industries (s) ; Carving (art industries); China painting; Coppersmithing; Crafts (s) ; Decoration and ornament; Design, Decora- tive; Domestic arts; Enamel; Gesso; Gold- smithing; Handicraft; Illumination of manu- scripts and books; Industrial arts; Inlay; Ironwork; Jewelry; Leather work; Manual training; Metal work; Modeling; Mosaics; Pottery; Pyrography; Repousse work; Sil- versmithing; Wood carving Refer from Armenian language; Celtic languages; Germanic languages; Greek lan- guage; Indo-Aryan languages; Indo-European languages (s) ; Indo-Germanic languages (s) ; Iranian languages; Language; Latin language; Romance languages; Slavic languages Refer from Caucasian race; Celts; Civiliza- tion, Aryan; Ethnology; Ethnology — Asia; Ethnology — Europe; Hindus; Indo-Euro- peans (s) ; Indo-Germanic peoples (s) ; Latin races; Slavs; Teutonic race Refer from Fireproofing; Geology, Econom- ic ; Mineralogy Refer from Q.\\ViXQ\\ discipline; Church polity; Conduct of life; Ethics; Fanaticism; Fasting; Hermits; Monasticism Refer from Christian year; Fasts and feasts; I cnt 26 Asiatic languages see Oriental languages Asiatic literature see Oriental literature Asphalt ^ee also Geology, Economic; Pa\einents Aspiration see Ideals Assassination See also Anarchism and anarchists; Murder Assault Assaying See also Blowpipe; Metallurgy; Ores Assembly, Right of See also Liberty of speech; Public meet- ings Assessment see Taxation Assignments See also Attachment; Bankruptcy; Com- mercial law; Liens Assimilation see Absorption (physiolog>-) ; Metabolism; Nutrition Associated charities see Charity organization Association see Cooperation Association of ideas See also Memory; Psjxhology Associations see Corporations; Gilds; Labor unions ; Societies Assurance see Insurance Assyrian langauge See also Cuneiform writing; Semitic languages Assyrian literature see Assyro-Babylonian literature Assyriology see Assyria — Antiquities Assyro-Babylonian literature See also Cuneiform writing; Oriental literature Asteroids See also Astronomy Asthma See also Respiratory organs — Diseases Astigmatism See also Eye — Diseases and defects Astrolabe See also Astronomical instruments Astrology See also Occult sciences Astronomers Astronomical instruments See also Astrolabe; Astronomical photog- raphy; Astronomy, Spherical and practi- cal; Chronograph; Heliomctcr; Ilellostat; Photochronoerapli ; Sextant; Spectroscope; Telescope; Transit (insirumcnl) Refer from Bitumen (s) ; Commercial prod- ucts; Concrete; Geology, Economic; Pave- ments; Pitch, Mineral (s) ; Streets Refer from Conspiracies; Crime and crimi- nals ; Murder Refer from Criminal law Refer from Analj'sis (chemistry) (s) ; Blow- pipe; Chemistry; Chemistry — Analysis; Metallurgy; Metals; Mineralogy; Ores; Prospecting Refer from Liberty; Liberty of speech; Public meetings; Right of assembly (s) Refer from Attachment; Bankruptcy; Com- mercial law; Contracts; Debt; Law; Trustees Refer from Ideas, Association of (s) ; Mem- ory ; Mental association (s) ; Psychology Refer from Cuneiform writing; Semitic languages Refer from Assyrian literature (s) ; Baby- lonian literature (s) ; Cuneiform writing; Oriental literature Refer from Astronomy; Planets; Solar sys- tem ; Stars Refer from Medicine — -Practice; Respira- tory organs — Diseases Refer fro i Sight E>'e — Diseases and defects; Refer from Astronomical Instruments Refer from Astronomy; Dhination; Fortune telling; Hermetic art (s) ; Horoscopes (s) ; Occult sciences; Omens; Planets; Stars; Superstition; Zodiac Refer from Astronom)'; Scientists Refer from Astrolabe; Astronomy; Astrono- my, Spherical and practical; Chronograph; Hcliomcter; Hellostat; Instruments; Optical instruments; Scientific apparatus and instru- ments; Sextant; Telescope; Transit (instru- ment) 27 Astronomical mythology Astronomical observatories Astronomical photography Si'f also Photochronograph Astronomy Sre also Aberration; Almanacs; Aster- oids; Astrology; Astronomers; Astronomi- cal instruments, and names of instruments; Astronomical mythology; Astronomical obser\atories ; Astronomical photography; Astrophysics; Azimuth; Bible — Astron- omy; Calendar; Chronology; Comets; Earth; Eclipses; Equinoxes; Geodesy; Geography, Mathematical; Globes; Gravi- tation; Latitude and longitude; Mechanics, Celestial; Meteorites; Meteoritic hypothe- sis; Meteors; Milky way; Moon; Nautical almanacs; Nautical astronomy; Nebulae; Nebular hypothesis; Nutation; Occulta- tions ; Orbits; Parallax; Perturbation; Planetesimal hypothesis; Planets [and their names); Planispheres; Plurality of worlds; Satellites; Seasons; Solar system; Space; Spectra; Spectrum analysis; Stars; Sun; Tides; Time; Transits; Universe; Zodiac; Zodiacal light — — Atlases St'e also Planispheres History Spherical and practical See also Aberration; Astronomical instruments; Azimuth; Eclipses; Latitude and longitude; Least squares; Nautical astronomy; Navigation; Nutation; Occul- tations; Parallax; Refraction; Time Astrophysics Si'e also Astronomy; Spectrum analysis; Stars ; Sun Asylum, Right of See also Aliens Asylums See also Almshouses ;Blind — Asylums and education ; Charities ; Deaf and dumb — ■ Asylums and education ; Homes for the aged ; Hospitals; Inebriate asylums; Insane hos- pitals; Orphans and orphan asylums; Poor; also names of countries and cities, subhead Hospitals and asylums Atavism see Heredity Athanasian creed Atheism See aiso Agnosticism ; Deism ; God ; Materialism; Natural religion; Skepticism; Theism Athletics See also Boxing; College athletics; Fenc- ing; Games; Gymnastics; Jiu-jitsu ; Olym- pic games; Physical education; Rowing; Running; School athletics; Skating; Sports; Swimming; Track athletics; Training; Walking; Wrestling Refer ]rom -Astronuiu}' ; Mj'liiology; Nature myths Refer from Astronomy; Observatories, As- tronomical (sj Refer from Astronomical instruments; As- tronomy; Photography; Photography, Astro- nomical (s) Refer from Asteroids; Astrophysics; Comets; Constellations (s) ; Earth; Eclipses; Equi- noxes; Geography, Mathematical; Globes; Gravitation ; Heavens (s) ; Latitude and longi- tude; Mathematics; Mechanics, Celestial; Meteors; Milky way; Moon; Nebulae; Nebu- lar hypothesis; Occultations ; Parallax; Physics; Planets; Satellites; Science; Sky (s) ; Solar physics (s) ; Solar system; Stars; Sun; Tides ; Time ; Transits ; Universe ; Uranography (s) ; Zodiac Refer from Atlases; Star atlases (s) ; Stars Refer from Aberration; Astronomical instru- ments; Azimuth; Eclipses; Geodesy; Latitude and longitude ; Least squares ; Nautical astron- omy; Nutation; Occultations; Parallax; Re- fraction; Spherical astronomy (s) ; Time Refer from Astronomy; Solar physics (s) ; Stars ; Sun Refer from Church and state; Church law; Extradition; International law; Law; Right of sanctuary (s) ; Sanctuary (s) Refer from Almshouses; Charities; Homes (institutions) (s) ; Hospitals; Institutions, Charitable and philanthropic (s) ; Poor Refer from Catholic church — Catechisms and creeds; Church of l'"ngland — Catechisms and creeds; Creeds; Trinity Refer from Agnosticism; Deism; God; Natural religion; Philosophy; Religion; Skep- ticism ; Theism Refer from Amusements; College athletics; Games; Gymnastics; Physical education; Physical training (s) ; Pla)- ; Sports; Track athletics; Training 28 Atlantic cable see Cables, Submarine Atlantic coast See also names of states and localities of the Atlantic coast Atlases See also Astronomy — Atlases; Bible — Geography; Geography; Historical atlases; Maps ; also names of countries, etc., subhead Description and travel — Maps Atlatl see Throwing sticks Atmosphere see Air; Meteorology Atmospheric electricity See also Auroras; Lightning Atmospheric nucleation See also Condensation .f gases Atomic theory See also Atoms ; Chemistry, Physical Atomic weights See also Chemisti Ionization Chemistry — Histor\' ; y. Physical ; Periodic law Atoms See also Atomic theory; Atomic weights; Chemistr}- ; Chemistry, Physical; Electrons; Ions; Alatter; .\Iolecules; Physics; Stereo- chemistry- Atonement See also Jesus Christ Attachment See also Assignments; Liens Attention See also Obser\ation ; Psychology; Psy- chology, Educational Attorneys see Agency; Lawyers Auctions Auditing See also Accounting; Bookkeeping Audition see Hearing Audubon societies AuL'ur}' see Di\"ination Augustinians See also Monasticism Auricular confession see Confession Aurora borealis see Auroras Auroras See also Atmospheric electricity; Mag- netism, Terrestrial Auscultation See also Diagnosis Australian ballot Austrian literature .S"('(' also (Jcrman literature Austrian succession, War of, 1740-1748 See also Austria — ^ History ; Europe History — 1492- 1789; France — History Refer from Geography; Maps Refer from Air; Auroras; Electricity; Elec- tricity, Atmospheric (s) ; Lightning; Meteor- ology Refer from Air; Condensation; Meteorology; Xuclcation, Atmospheric (s) Refer from Atoms; Chemistry; Chemistry — History; Chemistry, Physical; Matter Refer from Atoms; Chemical elements; Chemistry; Chemistry, Physical Refer from Atomic theory; Chemistry; Chemistry, Physical; Matter; Molecules; Physics; Stereochemistry Refer from Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ — Atonement (s) ; Sacrifice ; Salvation ; Theology Refer from Assignments; Commercial law; Garnishment (s) ; Law; Liens; Property Refer from Apperceptit)n ; Concentration (s) ; Memory; Mental discipline; Psychology; Psychology, Educational; Thought and think- ing Refer from Business; Commerce; Sale Refer frov) Accounting; Bookkeeping; Busi- ness; Commercial law; Finance Refer from Birds — Protection Refer from Monasticism; St. Augustine, Order of (sj Refer from Atmospheric electricity; .Aurora borealis (s) ; Magnetism, Terrestrial; Meteor- ology; Northern lights (s) ; Polar light (s) ; Zodiacal light Refer from Chest; Diagnosis; Heart; Lungs Refer from Ballot; Elections Refer from German literature Refer from Austria — History; Europe — History — 1492-1789; France — History — 29 Bourbons; Germany 1815; Italy — History — History — 1700- History — 1740- I559~i789; Spain Authority (in religion) St-c' also Belief; Bible — Evidences and authority; Catholic church — Authority; Faith ; Popes — Authority and supremacy Authors St'e also Anonyms ; Authorship ; Bibliog- raphy; Copyright; Dramatists; Essayists; Historians; Humorists; Literature; Nat- uralists; Novelists; Poets; Pseudonyms; Scientists; Women as authors American See also American literature; Poets, American Authorship See also Authors ; Book dedication ; Collaboration; Copyright; Journalism; Plagiarism; Plots (drama, novel, etc.); Short stories ; \'ersification Autobiography Autoboats see Motor boats Autocars see Automobiles Autographs See also Manuscripts Automatism See also Consciousness Automobile racing Automobile stories Automobile touring Automobiles See also Automobile racing; Automobile stories ; Automobile touring ; Garages ; Motor cycles; Motors; Speed; Tires Automobiling see Automobile touring; Auto- mobiles Autopsy Autosuggestion see Suggestion Autumn See also Seasons Autumnal catarrh see Hay Fever Auxiliary schools See also Children, Abnormal and back- ward ; Defectives Avalanches See also Landslides; Mountains Avarice See also Egoism; Misers Avesta See also Parsecs; Zoroastrianism Aviation see Aeronautics Bourbons ; Germany — History — 1740-1815 ; Italy — History — 1559-1789; Spain — History — 1700- ; War of the Austrian succes- sion (s) Refer from Belief; Religion; Religious au- thority (s) ; Theology Refer from Authorship; Biography; Dram- atists; Essayists; Historians; Humorists; Literary men (s) ; Literature; Novelists; Poets ; Writers (s) Refer from American authors (s) ; American literature; U. S. • — Biography Refer from Authors; Copyright; Journalism; Literature; Writing; Writing for the press (s) Refer from Biography; Histor}- ; Memoirs (s) Refer from Biography; Collectors and collecting; Handwriting (s) ; Signatures (s) ; Writing Refer from Animal intelligence; Conscious- ness ; Psychology Refer from Automobiles; Racing (s) ; Sports Refer from Automobiles; Fiction Refer from Automobiles ; Automobiling (s) ; Motoring (s) ; Voyages and travels Refer from Autocars (s) ; Automobiling (s) ; Carriages; Cars; Electric carriages (s) ; Horse- less carriages (s) ; Locomotion; Alanufactures ; Motor carriages (s) ; Motor vehicles (s) ; Motoring (s) ; Motors; Tires; Transporta- tion ; Vehicles Refer from Anatomy; Death; Dissection; Medical jurisprudence; Medicine; Pathology; Post-mortem examinations (s) ; Surgery Refer from Fall (s) ; Seasons Refer from Children, Abnormal and back- ward; Defectives; Education; Schools Refer from Landslides; Mountains; Snow Refer from Conduct of life; Covetousness (s) ; Egoism; Ethics; Misers Refer from Parsees; Persian literature; Sacred books; Zend-Avesta (s) ; Zoroastrianism 30 Aviators see Aeronauts Awards see Arbitration and award Axioms See also Geometry Axles See also Bearings (machinery) ; Wheels Azimuth See also Astronomy, Spherical and prac- tical Aztecs See also Indians of Mexico; Mexico — Antiquities; Toltecs Babies see Infants Babism See also Mohammedanism Baby see Infants Babylonian literature see Assyro-Babylonian literature Baccalaureate sermons see College sermons Bachelors Bachelor's degrees see Degrees, Academic Bacilli see Bacteriology; Germ theory of disease Backbone see Spine Backgammon Backward children see Children, Abnormal and backward Bacon-Shakespeare controversy see Shake- speare, William — Authorship Bacon's rebellion, 1676 See also U. S. — History — Colonial period ; Virginia — History Bacteria see Bacteriology Bacteriology See also Dairy bacteriology; Dust; Fer- mentation; Germ theory of disease; Im- munity; Microscope and microscopy; Pu- trefaction; Soil bacteriology; Water — Analysis Agricultural See also Dairy bacteriology; Nitrifica- tion; Plants — Diseases; Soil bacteriolo- gy; also names of crops, subhead Diseases and pests, e.g. Fruit — Diseases and pests Badges of honor see Decorations of honor; Insignia ; Medals See also Packing for shipment Bagpipes See also Music — Scotland; Wind in- struments Bahaism see Babism Bail See also Arrest; Guaranties and sureties Bailments See also Agency; Baggage; Carriers; Commercial law; Liens; Negligence; I'awn- broking; Warclunises Bakers and bakeries See also Baking Refer from Geometry; Mathematics; Phi- losophy; Trulli Refer from Wheels Refer from Astronomy; Astronomy, Spher- ical and practical; Geodesy Refer from Indians of Mexico; Mexico — Antiquities; Toltecs Refer from Bahaism (s) ; Behaism (s) ; Mohammedanism; Religions Refer from Celibacy; Men Refer from Games Refer from U. S. — History — Colonial pe- riod; Virginia — History Refer from Bacilli (s) ; Bacteria (s) ; Biology; Botany; Contagion and contagious diseases; Disease germs (s) ; Dust ; Fermentation ; Fungi ; Germ theory of disease; Germs (s) ; Medicine; Microbes (s) ; Micro-organisms (s) ; Microscope and microscopy; Parasites; Patholog}' ; Putre- faction; Water — Analysis Refer from Agricultural bacteriology (s) ; Agriculture; Dairy bacteriology; Plants — Diseases; Soil bacteriology; Soils Refer from Bailments; Carriers; Luggage (s) ; Railroads — Baggage (s) ; Tra\ tl Refer from Music — Scotland; Wind instru- ments Refer from Arrest; Criminal law; (Guaranties and sureties ; Law Refer from Agency; Carriers; Commercial law; Contracts; Guaranties and sureties; Law; Negligence; Pawnbroking; Warehouses Refer from Baking; I'ood 31 Baking See also Bakers and bakeries; Bread; Cake; Cookery; Ovens; Pastry Baking powder Balance of power Sre also Eastern question (Near East) ; Europe — Politics; International relations Balance of trade See also Commerce ; Tariff; Tariff question Baldness See also Hair Balkan question see Eastern question (Neai East) Ball see Baseball; Basket-ball; Cricket; Football; Handball Ball bearings see Bearings (machinery) Ballads See also Chapbooks ; Folk songs; Legends; Lyric poetry; Poetry; Songs American See also American poetry; Ballads, English; Songs, American English See also Ballads, American; Ballads, Irish; Ballads, Scottish; English poetry; Songs, English Irish See also Ballads, English; Irish poetry; Songs, Irish Scottish See also Ballads, English ; Scottish po- etry ; Songs, Scottish Ballet See also Dancing; Pantomime Ballistics See also Gunnery; Ordnance; Photo- chronograph; Projectiles; Shooting Balloonists see Aeronauts Balloons See also Aeronautics; Airships Dirigible, see Airships Ballot See also Australian ballot ; Elections ; Suffrage; Voting machines Balls (parties) See also Cotillion; Dancing; Masquerades Balustrades see Railings Bamboo Bandages and bandaging See also First aid in illness and injury; Surgery Bandaging see Bandages and bandaging Banditti see Brigands and robbers Bands (music) See also Conducting (music); Instrumen- tation and orchestration; Military music; Orchestras; Wind instruments Refer from Bakers and bakeries; Bread; Cake; Cookery; Ovens; Pastry Refer from Chemistry, Technical; Cookery Refer from Eastern question (Near East) ; Europe — Politics; International relations Refer from Commerce; Economics; Ex- change; Tariff; Tariff question; Trade, Bal- ance of (s) Refer from Hair; Head Refer from Carols; Chapbooks; Folk songs; Legends; Literature; Lyric poetry; Poetry; Songs Refer from American ballads (s) ; American literature; American poetry; American songs (s) ; Ballads, English; Songs, American Refer from Ballads, American ; Ballads, Irish; Ballads, Scottish; English ballads (s) ; English literature; English poetry; English songs (s) ; Songs, F^nglish Refer from Ballads, English; Irish ballads (s) ; Irish literature; Irish poetry; Irish songs (s) ; Songs, Irish Refer from Ballads, English ; Scotch ballads (s) ; Scottish ballads (s) ; Scottish literature; Scottish poetry ; Scottish songs (s) ; Songs, Scottish Refer from Dancing; Pantomime; Theater Refer from Gunnery; Ordnance; Photo- chronograph; Projectiles; Shooting Refer from Aeronautics; Airships Refer from Elections; Government; Politics; Short ballot (s) ; Suffrage; Voting (sj Refer from Amusements; Cotillion; Dancing; Entertaining; Masquerades; Parties (sj Refer from Furniture; Grasses; Woodwork Refer from Bandaging (s) ; First aid in illness and injury; Surgery Refer from Conducting (music) ; Instrumental music; Military music; Music; Orchestras; Wind instruments 32 Bandy see Hockey Banishment see Exile; Penal colonies Bank deposit guaranty see Banks and banking — Guaranty of deposits Bank notes See also Banks and banking; Counter feits; Legal tender; Paper nione)- Bankers Banking see Banks and banking Bankruptcy See also Assignments; Commercial law Debt : Receivers Banks and banking See also jVgricultural credit; Bank notes; Bankers; Building and loan associations; Checks; Clearing houses; Credit; Dis- count; Economics; Exchange; Finance; Foreign exchange; Interest; Land banks; Money; National banks; Pawnbroking; Postal savings banks ; Savings banks ; School savings banks; Stock exchange; Stocks; Trust companies; Vaults; also names of cities, subhead Banks Guaranty of deposits Law U. S. See also National banks Banners see Flags Banquets see Dinners and dining Baptism See 'also Baptismal fonts; Baptists; Close communion ; Jesus Christ — Baptism ; Regeneration (theology) ; Sacraments Infants See also Infant salvation; Predestina- tion Baptismal fonts See also Church furniture Baptists See also Anabaptists; Baptism; Close communion; Congregationalism; German Baptist brethren; Mennonites; Seventh- day Baptists Bar see La\v}'ers Barbarian invasions of Rome See also Goths; Huns; Italy — History — To 1559; Migration of nations; Rome — History — Empire; Vandals Barbary corsairs see Pirates Barbed wire see Fence wire Barbizon school See also Painting, French Bards See also Celtic literature; Meistersingers ; Minnesingers; Minstrels; Troubadours; Trouveres Refer from Banks and banking; Counter- feits; Engraving; Money; National bank notes (s) ; National banks; Paper money Refer from Banks and banking; Biography Reler from Assignments; Commerce; Com- mercial law; Corporations; Debt; Failure (in business) (s) ; Finance; Insolvency (s) ; Law; Partnership; Receivers Refer from Agricultural banks (s) ; Bank notes; Banking (s) ; Bills of credit (s) ; Bills of exchange (s) ; Bimetallism ; Capital ; Checks ; Clearing houses ; Commerce ; Credit ; Discount ; Economics; Finance; Government banking (s) ; Interest; Investments; Land banks; Money; National banks; Paper money; Savings banks; Stock exchange; Trust com- panies ; Wealth Refer from Bank deposit guaranty Guaranty of bank deposits (s) Refer from Commercial law (s); Refer from Aloney — State banks (s) ; U. S. U. S. ; National banks; — Banks (s) Refer from Baptists; Christening (s) ; Christian antiquities; Church membership; Church polity; Immersion, Baptismal (s) ; Regeneration (theology) ; Rites and ceremonies ; Sacraments; Theology Refer from Infant baptism (s) ; Infant sah'ation Refer from Baptism; Church furniture; Fonts (s) Refer from Anabaptists; Baptism; Close communion; Congregationalism; Sects Refer from Goths ; Huns ; Italy — History — To ISS9) Invasions of Rome, Barbarian (s) ; Migration of nations; Rome — History — Empire; Vandals Refer from Landscape painting; Painting, French Refer from Celtic lileralure; Minstrels; Poetry ; Poets 33 Bark See also Botany, Structural ; Trees ; Wood Barley See also Grain Bams and stables See also Farm buildings; Garages; Horse Barometer See also Meteorological instruments Baronage see Peerage Baronetage see Peerage Barons' war, 1263-1267 See also England — History — Plantag- enets Barracks See also Military architecture Barrels see Cooperage Barristers see Lawyers Barrows see Mounds and mound builders Bartholomew, St., Massacre of, see St. Barthol- omew's day, Massacre of Bas-relief See also Carving (art industries) ; Sar- cophagi; Sculpture; Wood carving Baseball See also College athletics Basilicas See also Architecture; Church architecture Basket-ball See also College athletics Basket making see Basketwork Basketry see Basketwork Basketwork See also Indians — Industries Basques Bat see Bats Bathing see Baths and bathing Baths, Public Baths and bathing See also Baths, Public; Di\ing; Hydro- therapy; Swimming Batrachia see y\mphibia Bats See also Mammals Batteries (electric) see Electric batteries; Storage batteries Batteries (military) see Artillery Battle, Wager of, see Wager of battle Battle cries Battle-ships see Warships liattlc-songs see War songs Battlefield relief See also First aid in illness and injury; Hospitals, Military; Medicine, Military; Military hygiene; Red cross; Surgery, Military Refer from Botany, Structural; Trees; Wood Refer from Grain Refer from Architecture; Cattle; Domestic animals; Farm buildings; Horse; Live stock; Stables (s) Refer from Air; Aneroid barometer (s) ; Meteorological instruments; Physics; Sur- veying instruments Refer from England — History — Plantag- enets Refer from Military architecture Refer from Carving (art industries); Decora- tion and ornr.ment; Sculpture Refer from Ball (s) ; College athletics ; Games ; School athletics Refer from Architecture; Church architecture Refer from Ball (s) ; College athletics; Games; School athletics Refer from Arts and crafts; Basket making (s) ; Basketry (s) ; Domestic arts; Indians — Industries; Alanual training; Weaving Refer from Ethnology — France; Ethnology — Spain; France — History Refer from Architecture; Baths and bathing; Municipal improvement ; Public baths (s) Refer from Archaeolog>- ; Bathing (s) ; Clean- liness; Hydrotherapy; Hygiene; Sea bathing (s) ; Seashore; Swimming; Therapeutics; Toi- let ; Turkish baths (s) ; VVater Refer from Bat (s) ; Cheiroptera (s) ; Chirop- tera (s) ; Mammals Refer from Cries (s) ; War cries (s) ; Veils Refer from First aid in illness and injury; Hospitals, Military; Medicine, Military; Mili- tary hygiene; Red cross; Relief work (s) ; Surgery, Military 34 Battles See also Imaginary wars and battles; Massacres; Military history; Naval battles ; Sieges; also names of battles, e.g. Gettys- burg, Battle of; Waterloo, Battle of; and names of generals, wars, etc. Battleships see Warships Bayeux tapestry Bayonets See also Arms and armor Bays and gulfs Beaches See also Dunes; Physical geography; Seashore Beacons .SV^ also Lighthouses Beads See also Beadwork; Rosary; Wampum Beadwork See also Beads; Indians — Industries Beams see Girders Bear see Bears Bearing reins see Checkreins Bearings (machinery) See also Friction; Lubrication and lubri- cants ; Alachine design Bears See also Carnivora Beasts see Animals; Bestiaries; Domestic animals ; Zoology Beasts of prey see Carnivora Beatitudes See also Bible — New Testament — Matthew; Sermon on the mount Beautiful, The, see Esthetics Beauty see Beauty, Personal; Esthetics Beauty, Personal See also Cosmetics; Costume; Hair; Hand; Skin; Teeth; Toilet Beaux see Dandies Becquerel rays see Radioactivity Bedouins See also Arabia; Arabs; Nomads Beds See also Furniture Bee see Bees Beef See also Meat; Packing industry Beer See also Ale; Brewing; Liquors; Malt Bees See also Honey; Hymenoptera ; Wax Beet see Beets and beet sugar Beet sugar see Beets and beet sugar Beetles SV^ also Insects; Scarabs; Weevils Beets and beet sugar See also Sugar; Vegetables Refer from History; Military art and science; Military history; Naval battles; Sieges; War Refer from Tapestry Refer from Arms and armor; Guns Refer from Gulfs (s) ; Physical geography Refer from Geology; Physical geography; Seashore Refer from Life-saving; Lighthouses; Navi- gation ; Signals Refer from Beadwork; Jewelry Refer from Arts and crafts; Beads; Fancy work; Indians — Industries; Needlework; Weaving Refer from Axles; Ball bearings (s) ; Friction; Journals (machinery) (s) ; Lubrication and lubricants; Machine design; IMachinery Refer from Bear (s) ; Carnivora; Hunting; Ursidae (s) Refer from Bible; Bible — New Testament - ^latthcw; Sermon on the mount Refer from Beauty (s) ; Complexion (s) ; Cosmetics; Face; Hygiene; Personal beauty (s) ; Toilet; Women Refer from Arabia; Arabs; Nomads Refer fro m Furniture Refer from Cattle; Meat; Packing industry Refer from Ale; Brewing; Liquors; Malt Refer from Agriculture; Apiaries (s) ; Api- culture (s) ; Bee (s) ; Honey; Hymenoptera Refer from Colcoptera (s) ; Insects; Insects, Injurious and beneficial; Weevils Refer from Beet (s) ; Beet sugar (s) ; Sugar; Sugar beet (s) ; Vegetables 35 Begging See also Charity; Poor; Tramps Behaism see Babism Behavior see Conduct of life; Etiquet Being See also Metaphysics; Reality Belgian hares See also Hares Belief See also Agnosticism; Authority (in religion); Certainty; Creeds; Faith; Ra- tionalism; Religions; Sects; Skepticism; Truth Bell buoys see Buoys Bell founding see Bells Belles-lettres see Literature BeUs See also Chimes and chiming; Electric bells Belting See also Machine design ; .Power trans- mission; Pulleys; Rope driving; Shafting Benedictines See also Cistercians; Monasticism Benefit of clergy Benefit societies See also Building and loan associations; Insurance, Industrial; Insurance, Life; Labor unions; Odd Fellows; Secret societies Benevolence see Altruism; Charity; Philan- thropy ; Poor Benevolent societies see Benefit societies ; Charitable societies Bengali language See also Indo-Aryan languages Bequests see Gifts; Inheritance; Legacies: Wills Berbers See also Barbary States; Hamites Berries See also Fruit; also names of berries, e.g. Strawberries B«rtillon system See also Anthropometry; Finger prints; Identification Bessemer process See also Steel Best books see Books and reading — Best books Bestiaries See also Animal lore Beton see Concrete Betterment, Industrial, see Industrial better- ment Refer from Mendicity (s) ; Poor; Tramps Refer from Infinite; Metaphysics; Ontology (s) ; Philosophy; Reality Refer from Hares; Rabbits Refer from Authority (in religion) ; Certainty ; Conviction (s) ; Doubt (s) ; Faith; Intellect; Knowledge; Metaphysics ; Opinion (s) ; Philos- ophy; Psychology; Religion; Religious be- lief (s) ; Theology; Truth Refer from Archaeology; Bell founding (s) ; Campanology (s) ; Chimes and chiming; Church bells (s) ; Ringing (s) Refer from Chain belting (s) ; Machine design; Machinery; Power transmission; Pul- leys; Rope driving; Shafting Refer from Cistercians; Monasticism Refer from Church law; Church polity; Clergy; Law Refer from Benevolent societies (s) ; Building and loan associations; Cooperation; Fraternal insurance (s) ; Fraternities, Benevolent (s) ; Friendly societies (s) ; Insurance; Insurance. Fraternal (s) ; Insurance, Industrial; Insurance, Life ; Labor and laboring classes ; Labor unions ; Mutual aid societies (s) ; Mutual benefit socie- ties (s) ; Secret societies; Societies; Thrift Refer from Indo-Aryan languages Refer from Barbary States; Ethnology — Africa ; Hamites Refer from Fruit; Small fruit (s); Straw- berries Refer from Anthropometry; Crime and criminals; Finger prints; Identification Refer from Steel Refer from Animal lore; Beasts (s) ; i'ables; Literature 36 Betterments see Real estate; Single tax; Unearned increment Betting See also Gambling; Probabilities Bevel gearing see Gearing Beverages See also Chocolate; Cider; Cocoa; Coffee; Drinking customs ; Food ; Liquors, and names of liquors; Milk; Mineral waters; Stimu- lants; Tea; Temperance; Water Bezique See also Cards Bhang see Hashish Bible Text, arranged alphabetically by lan- guage, the English translations arranged chronologically Selections [from both Old and New Testaments] Bible [as subject] See also Angels; Apostles; Beatitudes; Bible and science; Bible in the schools; Bible societies ; Christianity ; Church history ; Commandments; Creation; Deluge; Fall of man ; God; Jesus Christ; Jews; Lord's prayer; Miracles; Parables; Patriarchs; Prophets; Religion and science; Revelation; Saints; Sermon on the mount; Theology Animals, see Bible — Natural history Antiquities See also Bible — History; Christian antiquities; Jews — Antiquities; Pales- tine — Antiquities Astronomy see Bible — Evidences and see Bible — Evidence md Authenticity authority — Authorship, authority — Bibliography See also Bible — Manuscripts; Bible — Versions — Biography See also Bible — History; Saints — Birds, see Bible — Natural history — Botany, see Bible — Natural history — Canon See also Bible — Evidences and au- thority; Bible — Inspiration — Catechisms, see Bible — Question books; Catechisms — Chronology See also Bible — History — Coins, see Bible — Numismatics — Colportage, see Bible — Publication and distribution — Commentaries [with or without text. Commentaries with text should be entered also with texts of the Bible) See also Bible — Criticism and inter- pretation ; also names of separate books and parts of the Bible Refer from Book-making (betting) (s) : Bookmaking (betting) (s) ; Gambling; Sports: Wagers (s) Refer from Chocolate; Cider; Cocoa ; Coffee ; Diet; Drinks (s) ; Food; Liquors; Manufac- tures ; Mineral waters; Stimulants; Tea; Tem- perance Refer from Cards Refer from Christianity; Church history; God; Holy Scriptures (s) ; Jesus Christ; Jewish literature; Jews; Religion; Revelation; Sacred books; Scriptures (s) ; Theology Refer from Archaeology; Bible — History; Biblical archaeology (s) ; Christian antiquities; Jews — Antiquities; Palestine — Antiquities Refer from Astronomy; Bi'ble — Science Refer from Bible — History; Biography; Saints Refer from Bible — Criticism and interpre- tation; Bible — Evidences and authority; Bible — Inspiration ; Canon (Bible) (s) Refer from Bible — History; Chronology, Biblical (s) ; Chronology, Historical Refer from Bible — Criticism and inlcrpre- talion; Commentaries (s) 37 Bible — Continued Concordances Credibility, see Bible — Evidences and authority Criticism and interpretation See also Bible — Canon; Bible — Com- mentaries; Bible — Evidences and au- thority; Modernism -Dictionaries -Distribution, see Bible — Publication and distribution -Editions, see Bible — \'ersions -Ethnology See also Hittites ; Jews — F"thnolog\-; Jews — Lost tribes -Evidences and authority See also Bible — Canon; Bible — In- spiration ; Christianity — E\idences -Geography See also Palestine tra\el Description and -Hermeneutics, see Bible — Criticism and interpretation -Higher criticism, see Bible ■ — Criticism and interpretation -History See also Bible — Antiquities; Bible — Biography; Bible — Chronology ; Bible — Stories ; Bible — Old Testament — His- torical books; Jews — History; Palestine — History. For history of editions and versions see Bible — Versions -Illustrations, see Bible — Pictorial illus- trations -Inspiration See also Bible — Canon; Bible — Evi- dences and authority -Interpretation, see Bible — Criticism and interpretation -Introductions -Language, style, etc., see Bible — Literary character -Literary character -Literary history, see Bible — Versions -Manuscripts -Medicine, hygiene, etc. -Miscellaneous -\I(jney, see Bible — Numismatics -Music See also Music — Jews -Natural history -Numismatics Refer from Concordances (s) Refer from Bible — Commentaries; Bible - — Hermeneutics (s) ; Bible — Higher criticism (s) ; Bible — Interpretation (s) ; Bible — Tex- tual criticism (s) ; Criticism; Exegesis (s) ; Hermeneutics (s) ; Higher criticism (sj Refer from Ethnology; Jews — Ethnology Refer from Authority (in religion); Bible — Authenticity (s) ; Bible — Authorship (s) ; Bible — Canon; Bible — Credibility (s) ; Bible — Criticism and interpretation; Bible — In- spiration; Christianity — Evidences ;■ Eviden- ces of the Bible (s) Refer from Atlases; Geograph}-, Ancient; Geography, Biblical (s); Palestine — De- scription and travel Refer from Bible — -Antiquities; Bible — • Biography; Bible — Chronology; History, An- cient; Jews — Plistory ; Palestine — History; Sacred history (s) Refer from Bible — Canon; Bible dences and authority; Inspiration -Evi- Refer from Bible — Language, style, etc. (s) ; Bible — Poetry (s) ; Bible as literature (s) ; Literature Refer from Bible — Bibliography; Bible — Versions Refer from Hygiene; Mediciiie Refer from Church music; Music; Music — Jews Refer from Bible — Animals (s) ; Bible — Birds (s) ; Bible — Botany (s) ; Bible — Science; Botany of the Bible (s) ; Natural history Refer from Bible — Coins (s) ; Bible — Mon- ey (s) ; Numismatics 38 Bible — Continued Paraphrases Pictorial illustrations See also Names of Bible characters and Biblical subjects, e.,e. Jesus Christ in art Poetry /f^" Bible — Old Testament — Poet- ical books; Bible — Literary character Prophecies See also Bible — Old Testament — Prophetical books; Prophets Psychology Publication and distribution See also Bible societies -Question books See also Catechisms Revision See also Bible Versions Science See also Bible — Astronomy; Bible — Natural history Stories Study and teaching See also Sunday school lessons; Sunday schools Textual criticism, see Bible — Criticism and interpretation Theology, see Theology Translations, see Bible — Versions Versions 5^1? also Bible — • Manuscripts; Bible — Revision Bible — Old Testament Subdivided like the Bible. The books are arranged here in canonical order, in accord- ance with the A. L. A. rule. Alphabetical arrangement under Bible — Old Testament and Bible — New Testament may be adopted by libraries which find it more convenient. Reference should be made from the name of each book in the main alphabet See also Talmud -Historical books -Octateuch -Hexateuch -Pentateuch -Poetical books -Prophetical books -Genesis See also Creation; Deluge; Eden; Fall of man; Patriarchs -Exodus See also Commandments Refer from Bible — Illustrations (s) ; Chris- tian art and symbolism Refer from Prophecies; Prophets Refer from Biblical psychology (s) ; Psy- chology, Biblical (s) Refer from Bible — Colportage (s) ; Bible — Distribution (s) ; Bible houses (s) ; Bible societies; Colportage (s) ; Missions; Tract societies Refer from Bible — Catechisms (s) ; Cate- chisms; Sunday school lessons Refer from Bible — Versions; Revision of the Bible (s) Refer from Bible — History; Bible stories (s) Refer from Bible classes (s) ; Bible study (s) ; Religious education* Sunday school lessons; Sunday schools Refer from Bible — Bibliography; Bible — Editions (s) ; Bible — History; Bible — Lit- erary history (s) ; Bible — Revision; Bible — Translations (s) Refer from Hebrew literature; Jews — Re- ligion; Old Testament (s) Refer from Bible — History Refer from Octateuch (s) Refer from Hexateuch (s) Refer from Pentateuch (s) Refer from Bible — Poetry (s) ; Hebrew poetry Refer from Bible — Prophecies Refer from Creation; Deluge; Eden; Fall of man ; Patriarchs Refer from Commandments 39 Bible — Old Testament — Continued Leviticu s See also Mosaic law Refer from Mosaic law Numbers Deuteronomy See also Ivlosaic law Refer from Mosaic law Joshua Judges Ruth Samuel i, 2 Kings I, 2 Chronicles i, 2 Ezra Nehemiah Esther Job Psalms Refer from Psalmody (s) ; Psalter (s) Proverbs Refer from Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song of Solomon Refer from Canticles (s) Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Apocrypha Refer from Apocrypha (s) Esdras — Tobit Judith Wisdom of Solomon Ecclesiasticus Baruch Song of the three children Susanna Bel and the dragon Prayer of Manasses -Maccabees i, 2, 3, 4 Other apocryphal books in alphabetic order, as : y\dam, Enoch, Jasher Bible — New Testament [see note under Old Testament] See also Apostles; Church history — Refer from Apostles; Church liistory — Early church — Apostolic ; Jesus Christ Early church — Apostolic; I''.vangelisis (s) ; Gospels Jesus Christ; New Testament (s) S(V' a/io Jesus Christ ; Jesus Christ — Refer from Gospels (s) ; Jesus Clirist — Teaching; Parables Teaching; Parables; Synoptic Gospels (s) Harmonies Refer from Harmony of the Gospels (s) Epistles Refer from Pauline epistles (s) Matthew See also Beatitudes; Lord's prayer; Refer from Beatitudes; Lord's pra\er; Sermon on the mrnint Sermon on the mount -Mark -Luke See also Lord's prayer Refer from Lord's prayer 40 Bible — New Testament — Continued John Acts Romans Corinthians i, 2 Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians Thessalonians i, 2 Timothy i, 2 Titus — — - — Philemon Hebrews James Peter i, 2 Epistles of John Jude Revelation See also Apocalyptic literature -Apocryphal books See also Apostolic constitut ons Bible and science See also Religion and science Bible as literature see Bible — Literary character Bible classes see Bible — Study and teaching; Sunday schools Bible houses see Bible — Publication and distribution Bible in the schools See also Church and education; Public schools a'nd religion Bible societies See also Bible — Publication and distribu- tion Bible stories see Bible — Stories Bible study see Bible — ■ Study and teaching Biblical archaeology see Bible — Antiquities Biblical psychology see Bible — Psychology Biblical theology see Theology Bibliography See also Anonyms ; Archi\-es ; Block books ; Book collecting ; Book rarities ; Bookbinding ; Bookplates; Books; Books and reading; Cataloging; Catalogs; Catalogs, Library; Classification; Errors and blunders; Lit- erary; Incunabula; Indexes; Indexing; Libraries; Literature; Manuscripts; Period- icals — Indexes; Pseudonyms; Reference books; Titles of books; also names of litera- tures, as American literature, and names of persons, places and subjects, subhead Bibliography Best books, see Books and reading — Best books Rare books, see Book rarities Bibliomania see Book collecting I)ibliitumen see Asphalt Bituminous coal see Coal Bivalves See also Mollusks; Oysters Black art see Witclicraft Refer from Buffalo, American (s) ; Ungulata Refer from Accphala (s) ; Lamellibranchi- ata (s) ; Mollusks; 0\-stcrs 43 Black death Sre also London — Epidemics; Plague Black Hawk war, 1832 See also Illinois — History; Indians — Wars ; U. S. — History — 1815-1861 Black lead see Graphite Blackfoot Indians See also Algonquian Indians Blacking Blacklisting See also Bo\'Cott ; Employers' associations Blacksmithing See also Forging; Horseshoeing; Ironwork; Welding Blankets See also Indians — Industries Blast furnaces See also Blowing engines; Cast iron; Cupola furnaces; Slag Blasting See also Explosives; Mines, IMilitary; Mining engineering; Quarries and quarrying Bleaching See also Cleaning; Drying; Dyes and dye- ing_ Bleeding see Bloodletting; Hemorrhage Blind See also Color blindness ; Defectives Asylums and education Books for the Blindness see Blind Blizzards see Storms Block books See also Printing; Wood engraving Block signal system see Railroads — Signals Blockade See also International law; Neutrality Blood See also Arteries; Blood vessels; Blood- letting; Heart; Hemorrhage; Ph)-siological chcmistr)'; Physiology; Sphygmograph ; Veins Blood vessels See also Arteries; Blood; Heart; Vascular system ; Veins Bloodletting See also Cupping Blowers see Fans, Mechanical Blowing engines See also IMast furnaces Refer from Contagion and contagious dis- eases ; England — History — Plantagenets ; Epidemics; London — Epidemics; Aledicine — Practice; Plague Refer from Illinois — History; Indians — Wars; U. S. — History — 1815-1861 Refer from Algonquian Indians Refer from Boots and shoes; Leather Refer from Boycott ; Emplo}-ers' associations ; Labor laws; Labor unions; Strikes and lock- outs Refer from Forge work (s) ; Forging; Horse- shoeing; Industrial arts; Ironwork Refer from Indians — Industries; Textile industry and fabrics; Wea\-ing Refer from Blowing engines; Furnaces; Iron; Metallurgy; Slag; Smelting; Tuyeres (s) Refer from Civil engineering; Engineering; Iilxplosives ; Mines, Military; Mining engineer- ing; Quarries and quarrying; Stone; Tunnels Refer from Cleaning; Dyes and dyeing; Textile industry and fabrics Refer from Blindness (s) ; Defectives; Eye; Eye — Diseases and defects; Sight Refer from Asylums; Charities; Charities, Medical; Education; Homes (institutions) (s) Refer from Books for the blind (s) Refer from Bibliography ; Books ; Incunabula ; Printing; Wood engraving; Xylography (s) Refer from International law; Naval art and science; Neutrality; War Refer from Arteries; Blood vessels; Circula- tion of the blood (s) ; Ha^matology (s) ; Heart; Hematology (s) ; Pathology; Physiological chemistry; Ph>-siolog)- ; Vascular s\-stem; Veins Refer from Arteries; Blood; Heart; \'ascular system ; Veins Refer from Bleeding (s) ; Blood; Cupping; Hemorrhage ; Phlebotomy (s) ; Surgery ; Thera- peutics ; Venesection (s) Refer from Blast furnaces; Engines; Mechan- ical draft 44 Blowpipe Sfc also Assaying; Chemistry — Analysis ; Mineralogy; Welding Blue glass cure see Phototherapy Blue language see Bolak Blue laws Blue prints See also Photography — Printing processes Blunders See also Anecdotes; Errors, Popular; Errors and blunders, Literary Boarding schools see Private schools Boards of health see Health boards Boards of trade See also under names of cities Boat building see Boats and boating; Ship- building; Yachts and yachting Boating see Boats and boating Boats and boating Se' also Aquatic sports; Canal boats; Canoes and canoeing; Fire boats; House boats; Ice boats; Lifeboats; Motor boats; Navigation; Rowing; Sailing; Ships; Skip- jacks; Steam launches; Submarine boats; Torpedo boats; Yachts and yachting Bod}', Human, see Anatomy; Physiology Body and mind see Alind and body Boer war, 1899-1902, see South African war, 1899-1902 Boers See also South African war, 1 899-1902; Transvaal Bog fuel see Briquets ; Peat Bogs see Alarshes Bohemian brethren see Moravians Bohemian language See also Slavic languages Bohemian literature See also Slavic literature Bohemianism Bohemians in the U. S. Se.' also Sla\s in the U. S. Boiler explosions Boiler scale See also Feed water Boiler tests see Boilers — Testing Boilers See also Boiler explosions; Boiler scale; Feed water; Fuel; Injectors; Safety valves; Steam; Steam engines Marine See also Marine engineering; Marine en<'incs -Testing Refer from Analysis (chemistry) (s) ; Assay- ing; Chemical apparatus; Chemistry — Analy- sis; Metals; Mineralogy; Welding Refer from Connecticut — Law; Law; Puri- tans Refer from Architectural drawing; Cyano- type (s) ; Photography; Photography — Print- ing processes Refer from Anecdotes; Errors, Popular; Errors and blunders, Literary; Mistakes (s) Refer from Business; Chambers of com- merce (s) ; Commerce; Trade, Boards of (s) Refer from Aquatic Sports; Boat build- ing (s) ; Boating (s) ; Canoes and canoeing; Locomotion; Navigation; Rowing; Sailing; Shipbuilding; Ships; Sports; Yachts and yachting Refer from Transvaal Refer from Czechic language (s) ; Slavic languages Refer from Czechic literature (s) ; Slavic literature Refer from Artists; City life; Manners and customs Refer from Slavs in the U. S. ; U. S. — For- eign population Refer frorn Accidents; Boilers; Explosions Refer from Boilers; Chemistry, Technical; Feed water; Pipe Refer from Feed water; Furnaces; Heating; Injectors; Mechanical engineering; Power plants, Steam ; Safety valves; Steam; Steam boilers (s) ; Steam engines Refer from Marine boilers (s) ; Marine en- gineering; Marine engines; Naval boilers (s) ; Steam na\'igaiion; Steamboats Refer from Boiler tests (s) ; Testing (s) 45 Boiling points See also Chemistry, Physical; Distillation Bolak Boll weevil See also Cotton — Diseases and pests Bolts and nuts See also Machine design Bond servants see Indentured servants Bonding companies see Guaranties and sureties Bonds See also Corporations; Debts, Public; Finance; Guaranties and sureties; Invest- ments; Securities; Stocks Bone black see Animal charcoal Bone implements See also Indians — Implements and weapons Bone products See also Animal charcoal ; Animal prod- ucts ; Glue; Phosphates Bones See also Anatomy; Bone products; Dis- locations; Fractures; Joints; Skeleton; Skull ; Spine Diseases Book auctions see Book prices ; Booksellers and bookselling Book clubs Book collecting See also Book rarities; Bookplates; Libraries, Private Book covers See also Bookbinding; Design, Decorative Book dedication Book illustration see Illustration of books Book-making (betting) see Betting; Horse racing Book-plates see Bookplates Book prices See also Booksellers and bookselling Book rarities See also Book collecting; Incunabula Book repairing see Books — ■ Repairing and preserving Book reviews See also Books and reading; Criticism; Literature — Ilistorv and criticism Book sales see Book prices; Booksellers and bookselling Book shelves see Shelving (for books) Refer from Chemistry, Physical; Heat; Liquids; Solution (chemistry); Temperature Refer from Blue language (s) ; Language, Artificial ; Langue bleue (s) Refer from Cotton — Diseases and pests; Cotton-boll weevil (s) ; Mexican boll weevil (s) ; Mexican cotton-boll wee\il (s) ; Weevils Refer from Hardware; Machine design; Nuts (machinery) (s) Refer from Contracts; Corporations; Fi- nance; Guaranties and sureties; Invest- ments; Municipal bonds (s) ; Municipal finance; Negotiable instruments; Securities; Stocks Refer from Implements, utensils, etc.; Indians — Implements and weapons; Tools Refer from Animal charcoal; Animal prod- ucts; Bones; Glue; Phosphates Refer from Anatomy; Dislocations; Frac- tures; Osteology (s) ; Skeleton; Surgery Refer from Medicine — Practice Refer from Clubs; Libraries Refer from Bibliography; Bibliomania (s) ; Bibliophily (s) ; Book rarities; Collectors and collecting; Libraries; Libraries, Private Refer fro7n Bookbinding; Cover design (s) ; Design, Decorative Refer from Authorship; Dedication of books (s) Refer from Book auctions (s) ; Book sales (s) ; Booksellers and bookselling; Prices Refer from Bibliograph)- ; Bibliography — Rare books (s) ; Book collecting; Incunabula; Rare books (s) Refer from Appraisal of books (s) ; Books — Appraisal (s) ; Books and reading; Criticism; Isvaluation of literature (s) ; Literature — - History and criticism; Publishers and publish- ing ; Reviews (s) 46 Book stacks see Shehing (for books) Book titles see Titles of books Book trade see Booksellers and bookselling; Publishers and publishing Book-worms see Bookworms Bookbinding See also Book covers ; Marbling Bookcases see Shelving (for books) Bookkeeping Sfi' also Accounting; Auditing; Business education; Card s\'stcm in business; Cost accounting; Municipal accounts Bookmaking (betting) see Betting; Horse racing Bookplates Books See also Bibliography; Block books; Bookbinding; Bookplates; Books and read- ing; Booksellers and bookselling; Book- worms; Cataloging; Catalogs, Library; Chained books; Classification; Colophons; Copyright; Illumination of manuscripts and books; Illustration of books; Libraries; Literature; IV'Ianuscripts ; Reference books; Printing; Prohibited books; Publishers and publishing ; Shelving (for books) ; Textbooks ; Title-pages; Titles of books; Writing; also headings beginning Book Appraisal, see Book reviews; Books and reading; Books and reading — Best books; Criticism; Literature — History and criticism Repairing and preserving See also Bookworms Books and reading See also Bibliography; Book reviews; Books; Children's literature; Fiction in libraries; Libraries; Literature; Prohibited books; Reference books Best books See also Children's literature Books for the blind see Blind, Books for the Booksellers and bookselling See also l?ook j^ricos ; Catalogs, Booksel- lers' ; Copyright; Publishers and publishing Booksellers' catalogs see Catalogs, Book sellers' Bocjksclling see Booksellers and bookselling Bookworms See also Books — Repairing and prescr\ - ing Boomerangs Boone's trail see Wilderness road Boots and shoes See also Blacking; Leather; Shoemakers Refer from Arts and crafts; Bibliography; Binding (s) ; Book covers; Books; Industrial arts; Library science Refer from Accounting; Arithmetic, Commer- cial ; Auditing; Business; Business education; Commerce Refer from Bibliography; Book collecting; Book-plates (s) ; Books ; Ex libris (s) Refer from Bibliography; Books and read- ing; Copyright; Libraries; Literature; Pale- ography; Printing; Publishers and publishing; VVriting Refer from Book repairing (s) ; Bookworms Refer from Appraisal of books (s) ; Bibli- ography; Book reviews; Books; Books — Appraisal (s) ; Choice of books (s) ; Education ; Evaluation of literature (s) ; Libraries; Litera- ture; Reading; Self-culture Refer from Appraisal of books (s) ; Best books (s) ; Bibliography — Best books (s) ; Books — Appraisal (s) ; Evaluation of litera- ture (s) Refer from Biography; Book auctions (s) ; Book prices; Book sales (s) ; Book trade (s) ; Books; Bookselling (s) ; Commerce; Copy- rigiit; Literature; Publishers and publishing Refer from Book-worms (s) ; Books; Books — Repairing and prcscr\ing; Insects, Injurious and beneficial Refer from vXrnis and armor Refer from Costume; Foot; Leather; Manu- factures ; Shoes (s) 47 Bordeaux mixture St'i' also Fungicides; Spraying Border life see Frontier and pioneer life Borders of Scotland Boring See also Artesian Shaft sinking wells Rock drills; Boring (metal working, etc.) see Drilling (perforating) Boroughs See also Cities; Local government; Municipal corporations; Representative government and representation; Towns Bosjesmen see Bushmen Boss rule See also Graft; Political corruption Bossism see Boss rule Boston massacre, 1770 See also U. S. — History Causes Revolution — Boston tea party, 1773 See also U. S. — — Causes History — Revolution Botanical chemistry see Plants — Chemistry and nutrition Botanical gardens See also Gardens; Parks Botanical museums Botanical nomenclature see Botany — Nomen- clature Botanical societies Botanists See also Naturalists Botanizing see Plants — Collection and pres- ervation Botany [for systematic works and those dealing with botany as a science] See also Alpine plants; Annuals (plants); Aquatic plants; Bacteriology; Biology; Botanists; Buds; Bulbs; Cells; Climbing plants; Color of flowers; Cryptogams; Desert vegetation; Evolution; Fertilization of plants; Floriculture; Flow-ers ; Forests and forestry; F'ossil plants; Fruit; Garden- ing; Geographical distribution of animals and plants; Hybridization; Insectivorous plants; Leaves; Medical botany; Mendel's law; Microscope and microscopy; Natural history; Nature study; Parasites; Phanero- gams; Plants; Seedlings; Seeds; Shrubs; Trees; Tropical plants; Variation (biology); Vegetables; Weeds; also headings beginning Botanical and Plant, and names of plants, and of divisions, orders, etc., of the vegetable kingdom; also names of cities, subhead Botany Agricultural, see Botany, Economic Anatomy, see Botan}-, Structural Refer from Fungicides; Spraying Refer from Scotland ; Scottish borders (s) ; Scottish marches (s) Refer from Artesian wells; Civil engineering; Diamond drilling (s) ; Drilling (earth and rock) (s) ; Engineering; Hydraulic engineering; Mining engineering; Rock drills; Shaft sink- ing; Wells Refer from Cities; Local government; Mu- nicipal corporations; Representative govern- ment and representation ; Towns Refer from Bossism (s) ; Political bosses (s) : Political corruption; Politics Refer from Boston — History; ^lassacres ; Massachusetts — History ; U. S. — History — Revolution — Causes Refer from Boston — History; Taxation — U. S. ; Tea ; U. S. — History — Revolution — Causes Refer from Gardens; Parks Refer from Museums Refer from Scientific societies; Societies Refer from Botany; Naturalists; Scientists Refer from Ax\n-\Jii[s (plants); Biology; Buds; Cryptogams; Flora (s) ; Flowers; Gardening; Insectivorous plants; Leaves; Natural history; Nature; Nature study; Phanerogams; Plants; Science; Shrubs; Trees; Vegetable kingdom (s) 48 Botany — Continued Classification See also Botany Nomenclature -Ecology, see Ecology -Economic •S^^ also Agricultural products, and names of products; Forest products, and names of products; Grasses; Medical botany; Plants, Cultivated; Poisonous plants ; Weeds -Embryology See also Cells; Germinaticin ; Seeds -Fossil, see Fossil plants -Geographic, see Geographical distribu- tion of animals and plants -Histology, see Botany, Structural -History -Medical, see Medical botany -Morphology, see Botany, Structural -Nomenclature -Organography, see Botany, Structural -Pathology, see Plants — Diseases -Physiology See also Botany — Embryology; Bot- any, Structural; Climbing plants; Color of flowers; Color of plants; Fermenta- tion; Fertilization of plants; Galls (bot- any); Germination; Insectivorous plants; Metabolism; Phosphorescence; Plants — Chemistry and nutrition; Plants, Effect of ch'emicals on; Plants — Movements; Roots -Structural See also Bark; Botany — Physiology; Cells; Flowers; Leaves; Roots; Seeds Study and teaching U. S. Botany of the Bible see Bible — Natural history Boulders See also Drift; Glaciers; Moraines Boundaries See also Frontiers; Northeast boundary of the U. S. ; Northwest boundary of the U. S.; also names of countries, states and cities, subhsad Boundaries Bounties See also Subsidies Military See also Recruiting and enlistment Refer from Classification; Plants — Classi- fication (s) Refer from Agricultural botany (s) ; Agri- cultural products; Agriculture; Botany, Agri- cultural (s) ; Economic botany (s) ; Forest products; Medical botany; Plants, Useful (s) Refer from Botany — Physiology; Cells; Embryology; Plant embryology (s) ; Seeds Refer from Botanical nomenclature (s) ; Botany — Classification; Names; Nomen- clature fs) ; Plant names (s) ; Plants — Names(sj; Terminology (s) Refer from Botany, Structural; Climbing plants; Color of flowers; Color of plants; Fertilization of plants; Germination; In- sectivorous plants; Metabolism; Physiologi- cal botany (s) ; Physiology of plants (s) ; Plant physiology (s) ; Plants — Chemistry and nutrition; Plants — Habits (s) ; Plants — Movements; Plants — Physiology (s) ; Vege- table physiology (s) Refer from Anatomy of plants (s) ; Bark; Botany — Anatomy (s) ; Botany — Histol- ogy (s) ; Botany — Morphology (s) ; Botany — Organography (s) ; Botany — Physiology; Cells; Histology; Leaves; Morphology; Mor- phology of plants (s) ; Organography (s) ; Plant anatomy (s) ; Plant morphology (s) ; Plants — Anatomy (s) ; Plants — Morphol- ogy (s) ; Roots; Structural botany (s) ; Wood Refer from Natural history — U. S. — Botany (s) ; U. S. — Flora (s) U. S. Refer from Bowlders (s) ; Drift; Errat- ics (s) ; Geology; Glaciers; Moraines Refer from Frontiers; Geograpln-; Geog- raphy, Political (s) ; History; International law Refer from Compensation (s) ; Rewards (prizes, etc.) ; Subsidies Refer from Military art and science; Mili- tary bounties (s) ; Pensions; Recruiting and enlistment 49 Bow (music) see Stringed instruments; \'io!in Bow and arrow Sec also Archery; Arrowheads Bowed instruments see Stringed instruments Bowlders see Boulders Bowling Bows see Bow and arrow Box making Boxers See also China — History; Eastern ques- tion (Far East) ; Alissions — China Boxing Boy see Boys Boy choirs see Choirs Boy scouts Boycott See also Blacklisting; Consumers' leagues; Labor unions; Strikes and lockouts Boys See also Apprentices; Boy scouts; Boys' clubs; Child labor; Children; Education; Juvenile delinquency; Newsboys; School children; Truancy; Young men; Youth Boys' clubs See also Boy scouts Bracelets See also Jewelry Brachiopoda See also Invertebrates Brachygra.phy see Shorthand Brahmanism iSt'i? also Buddhism; Caste; Hinduism; India — Religion; Vedanta; Vedas Braidism see Hypnotism Brain See also Aphasia; Apoplexy; Dreams; Fatigue, Mental; Feeble-minded; Head; Idiocy; Insanity; Intellect; Memory; Men- tal diseases; Meningitis; Mind and body; Nervous system; Paralysis; Phrenology; Psychology; Psychometry ; Sleep; Tre- phining Brakes See also Air brakes; Safety devices Brandy See also Distillation ; Liquors Brass See also Alloys; Brasses Brass instruments see Wind instruments Brasses Bravery see Courage Brazing see Solder and soldering Bread See also Baking; Cooker\' ; I'lour and flour mills Bieadstuffs see Grain Breakfast foods see Cereals, Prepared Refer from Archery; Arms and armor; Arrowheads; Arrows (s) ; Bows (sj Refer from Games; Ten pins (s) ; Tenpins (s) Refer from Manufactures Refer from China — History; Eastern ques- tion (Far East); Missions — China; Secret societies Refer from Athletics; Fighting (s) ; Prize fighting (s) ; Pugilism (s) ; Sparring (s) ; Sports Refer from Boys; Boys' clubs; Scouts and scouting Refer from Blacklisting; Labor and capital; Labor laws; Labor unions; Strikes and lock- outs Refer from Boy (s) ; Children; Conduct of life; Young men; Young people (s) ; Youth Refer from Boys; Clubs; Social settlements Refer from Jewelry Refer from Invertebrates; Marine zoology Refer from Buddhism; Caste; Hinduism; India — Religion ; Religions Refer from Head; Insanity; Intellect; Men- tal diseases; Mental physiology (s) ; Mind and body; Nervous system; Physiology; Psy- chology; Psychology, Physiological; Skull Refer from Air brakes; Railroads; Railroads — Equipment and supplies; Safely devices Refer from Alcohol; Distillation; Liquors Refer from Alloys; Copper; Metals; Slieet- metal work ; Zinc Refer from Archaeology; Art; Brass; Epi- taphs; Inscriptions; Metal work; Monumental brasses (s) ; Monuments; Tombs Refer from Baking; Cookery; Food 50 Breakfasts See also Cereals, Prepared; Cookery; Menus Breakwaters See also Ci\il engineering; Jetties; Piles and pile driving Breathing See also Chest; Lungs; Physiolog}' ; Respiratory organs; Singing and voice culture; \^oicc ; Yawning Breeding See also Domestic animals; Eugenics; Heredity; Hybridization; Live stock; Men- del's law; Plant breeding Breton club see Jacobins Breviaries See also Catholic church — Liturgy and ritual; Liturgies Brewing See also Ale; Beer; Chemistr}', Technical; Enzymes; Liquors; Malt Bribery See also Graft; Political corruption Bric-a-brac See also Decoration and ornament; Pottery Bricklaying See also Masonry Bricks See also Bricklaying; Building materials; Clay; Clay industries; Masonry; Pave- ments ; Tiles Bridal customs see Marriage customs and rites; Weddings Bridge (game) see Bridge whist Bridge whist See also Cards ; Whist Bridges See also Arches ; Cables ; Civil engineering ; Culverts; Drawbridges; Girders; Graphic statics; Alasonry; Military bridges; Strains and stresses; Trestles; I'russes; also names of cities, subhead Bridges Foundations and piers See also Caissons; Cofferdams Brigands and robbers See also Dacoits; Outlaws; Thieves; Thugs Briquets See also Fuel Briticisms British in India See also I*"astern question (Centra! Asia) ; India — History British literature see English literature; Irish literature; Scottish literature Refer from Cookery; Eating; Home econom- ics; Meals (s) ; Menus; Table Refer from Civil engineering; Engineering; Harbors; Hydraulic engineering; Jetties; Piles and pile driving Refer from Lungs; Physiology; Respira- tion (s) ; Respiratory organs; Singing and voice culture Refer from Animals — Breeding (s) ; Cattle; Domestic animals; Heredity; Live stock; Stock breeding (s) ; Thremmatology (s) Refer from Catholic church — Breviaries (s) ; Catholic church — Liturgy and ritual; Liturgies; Prayer books Refer from Ale; Beer; Chemistry, Techni- cal; Fermentation; Industrial arts; Liquor traffic; Liquors; Malt Refer from Crime and criminals; Elections; Graft; Political corruption; Political ethics Refer from Art; Decoration and ornament; House decoration ; Pottery Refer from Bricks; Building; Masonry Refer from Building materials; Clay; Clay industries; Masonry; Pavements; Tiles Refer from Bridge (game) (s) ; Cards; Whist Refer from Arches; Architecture; Civil engineering ; Culverts ; Drawbridges ; Engineer- ing; Girders; Graphic statics; Masonr\'; Railroad bridges (s) ; Railroads; Railroads — Construction; Steel construction; Strains and stresses; Suspension bridges (s) ; Trestles; Trusses; Viaducts (s) Refer from Caissons; Cofferdams; Founda- tions; Hydraulic engineering; Piers (s) Refer from Banditti (s) ; Biography; Crime and criminals; Highwaymen (s) ; Kidnapping; Outlaws; Robbers (s) ; Thie\cs Refer from Bog fuel (s) ; Coal; Fuel; Lig- nite; Peat Refer from English language; English lan- guage — Dialects; Idioms, English; Slang Refer from English in India (s) ; India — I lis lory 51 British museum British poetry see English poetry ; Irish poetr)' ; Scottish poetry Britons See also Celts ; Druids ; England — History — To 1066 Broadsword see Swords Brokers and factors See also Agency, Stock exchange Bronchitis See also Cough; Respiratory organs — Diseases ; Throat Bronze See also Alloys ; Bronzes ; Bronzing Bronze age See also Archaeology; Copper age Bronzes Bronzing See also Metal coloring Brooches See also Jewelry Brook Farm Brook life see Fresh-water life Brook trout see Trout Broom drill see Drills and marches Brooms and brushes Brotherhoods See al'so Monasticism ; Religious orders Brothers of Christ see Christadelphians Brownists See also Congregationalism; Dissenters; Pilgrim fathers Brushes see Brooms and brushes Brutes see Animals — Treatment ; Zoology Bryology see Mosses Bryophytes see Cryptogams; Mosses Bryozoa see Polyzoa Bubbles, Soap, see Soap bubbles Bubonic plague see Plague Buccaneers See also Filibusters ; Pirates Bucket shops see Speculation Bucolic poetry see Pastoral poetry Buddha see Buddhism Buddhism See also Brahmanism ; Hinduism ; India — Religion; Lamaism; Theosophy Esoteric, see Theosophy Budget see names of countries and cities, subhead Finance Buds See also Botany Buffalo, American, see Bison Refer from London — Galleries and mu- seums ; London — Libraries Refer from Celts; Druids; Englaud — ■ History — To 1066 Refer from Agency; Agents (s) ; Commercial law; Factors (s) ; Stock exchange Refer from Cold (disease); Cough; A'ledicine — Practice; Respiratory organs — Diseases; Throat Refer from Alloys; Copper; Metals; Tin Refer from Archaeology; Copper age Refer from Archaeology; Art; Bronze; Decoration and ornament; Metal work; Sculpture Refer from Bronze; Decoration and orna- ment; Metal coloring; Plating Refer from Jewelry Refer from Communism; Cooperation; Transcendentalism Refer from Brushes (s) ; Sweeping Refer from Church polit}"; Monasticism; Religious orders Refer from Congregationalism; Dissenters; Pilgrim fathers; Sects Refer from Filibusters; Freebooters (s) ; Naval battles; Naval history; Pirates; Voy- ages and travels; West Indies — History Refer from Brahmanism; Buddha (s) ; China ^ — ^ Religion ; Confucianism; Hinduism; India- — ^ Religion ; Lamaism; Monasticism; Religions Refer from Botany; Flowers 52 Bugle calls See also Military music Bugs see Hemiptera; Insects Buhlwork see Inlay Building See also Acoustics of buildings; Arches; Architecture; Bricklaying; Building mate- rials; Building stones; Carpentry; Ceilings; Chimneys; Civil engineering; Concrete con- struction ; Doors ; Engineering ; Fire escapes ; Fireproof construction; Floors; Founda- tions; Girders; Graphic statics; Hardware; Heating; House painting; Alasonry; Plaster and plastering; Plumbing; Roofs; Sanitary engineering; Scaffolding; Shoring and under- pinning; Skylights; Stair building; Steel construction; Strains and stresses; Strength of materials; Trusses; Vaulting; Ventila- tion; Walls; Windows Contracts and specifications Estimates Materials, see Building materials Specifications, see Building — Contracts and specifications Building and loan associations See also Benefit societies Building contracts see Building — • Contracts and specifications Building latvs See also Fire escapes; Fireproof construc- tion; Tenement houses Building materials See also Bricks; Building stones; Cement; Concrete; Concrete, Reinforced; Fireproof construction; Glass; Iron; Plaster and plastering; Steel; Stone; Stone, Artificial; Strength of materials; Stucco; Terra cotta ; Tiles; Timber; Wood Building stones See also Building materials; Geology, Economic; Granite; Limestone; Marble; Masonry; Quarries and quarrying; Sand- stone; Slate; Stone; Stonecutting Buildings, Dampness in, see Dampness in buildings Buildings, Portable, see Portable buildings Buildings, Public, see Public buildings Bulbs See also Floriculture Bulkheads See also Shipbuilding Bull fights see Bullfights Bulletins, Library, see Library bulletins Bullets see Projectiles Bullfights See also Mexico — Social life and customs; Spain — • Social life and customs Bullion see Coinage; Money; Precious metals Refer from Military art and science; Military music; Signals; Trumpet calls (s) Refer from Arches; Architecture; Carpentry; Civil engineering; Construction (s) ; Engineer- ing; Floors; Foundations; Girders; Industrial arts; Masonry; Plaster and plastering; Roofs; Scaffolding; Shoring and underpinning; Steel construction; Strains and stresses; Strength of materials; Trusses; Walls Refer from Building — Specifications (s) ; Building contracts (sj ; Contracts; Specifica- tions (building) (s) Refer from Estimates (s) Refer from Banks and banking; Benefit societies; Cooperation; Cooperative banks (s) ; Cooperative building associations (s) ; Corpo- rations; Investments; Loan associations (s) ; Provident loan associations (s) ; Savings banks Refer from Fireproof construction; Hygiene, Public; Law; Alunicipal improvement Refer from Architecture; Bricks; Building; Building — Materials (s) ; Building stones; Cement; Concrete; Concrete, Reinforced; Engineering; Engineering materials (s) ; Strength of materials; Timber Refer from Building; Building materials; Geology, Economic; Granite; Limestone; Marble; Masonry; Quarries and quarrying; Sandstone; Stone; Stonecutting; Stones (s) Refer from Botany; Floriculture Refer from Shipbuilding; Steamboats Refer from Bull fights (s) ; Fighting (s) Mexico — Social life and customs; Spain — Social life and customs; Sports 53 Bulls, Papal See also Popes Bungalows Bunker Hill, Battle of See also U. S. — History Rev'olution Buoys Bureaucracy Burglary See also Larceny Burial See also Catacombs ; Cemeteries ; Crema- tion; Embalming; Epitaphs; Funeral rites and ceremonies; Monuments; Mounds and mound builders; Alummies; Sarcophagi; Tombs; Urn burial Premature Buried treasure see Treasure-trove Burlesques See also Comedy; Parodies Burning the dead see Cremation Burns and scalds See also First aid in illness and injury Burnt leather see Pyrography Burnt wood work see Pyrography Burying grounds see Burial; Cemeteries Bushmen • Business See also Accounting; Advertising; Auc- tions; Auditing; Boards of trade; Book- keeping; Business depr^sion ; Business education; Business ethics; Card system in business; Cash registers; Commerce; Com- mercial law; Commercial travelers; Compe- tition; Corporations; Credit; Department stores; Economics; Exchange; Finance; Forms (in law); Instalment plan; Joint- stock companies; Mail order business; Manufactures; Markets; Merchants; Money; Occupations; Office supplies; Panics; Peddlers and peddling; Profession, Choice of; Profit; Promoting; Prosperity; Real estate business ; Salesmanship; Scien- tific management; Signs; Stock exchange; Success; Trust companies; Warehouses; Wealth; Window dressing Business arithmetic see Arithmetic, Commer- cial Business correspondence see Commercial cor- respondence Business depression See also Panics Refer from Catholic church; Papal bulls (s) ; Popes Refer from Architecture, Domestic; Archi- tecture, Rural (s) ; Cottages; Country houses; Rural architecture (s) Refer from U. S. — History — Revolution — Campaigns and battles Refer from Bell buoys (s) ; Harbors; Navi- gation Refer from Civil service; Government Refer from Crime and criminals; Larceny; Thieves Refer from Archaeology ; Burying grounds (s) ; Cemeteries; Christian antiquities; Death; Funeral riles and ceremonies; Graves (s) ; Hygiene, J-'ublic; Interment (s) ; Manners and customs ; Alortuary customs (s) ; Sepulture (s) ; Tombs Refer from Premature burial (s) ; Suspended animation Refer f)om Comedy; Humor; Parodies Refer from Accidents; First aid in illness and injury ; Scalds (s) Refer from Bosjesmen (s) ; Ethnology — Africa; Hottentots Refer from Accounting; Advertising; Com- merce; Commercial law; Economics; Indus- trial arts; Merchants; Money; Occupations; Profession, Choice of; Salesmanship ; Stores (s) ; Success; Trade (s) ; Wealth Reier from Business; Commerce; Commer- cial crises (s) ; Crises, Commercial (s) ; Econom- ics ; Finance; Hard limes (s); Industrial depression (s) ; Panics; Prosperity 54 Business education See also Accounting; Bookkeeping; Com- mercial correspondence; Commercial law; Penmanship; Siiorthand ; Typewriting Business ethics See also Competition; Honesty; Honor; Wealth Business law see Commercial law Busy work See also Cardboard construction ; Paper work Butchering see Slaughtering and slaughter- houses Butter See also Dairy products; Dairying; Oleo- margarine Butterflies See also Caterpillars ; Lepidoptera Buttons By-products see Waste products Byzantine empire Si'e also Constantinople; Middle ages — History Cabala See also Occult sciences Cabbala see Cabala Cabinet organ see Reed organ Cabinet system Cabinet work See also Decoration and ornament; Furniture; Turning Cabins, Log, see Log cabins Cable codes see Telegraph codes Cable railroads See also Alountain railroads Cables See also Cable railroads; Cableways; Chains; Electric cables; Rope; Wire Submarine Cableways iS^^ also Conveying machinery; Suspended railways; Telpherage Cabs see Carriages Caesarism see Despotism; Imperialism Caesars see Roman emperors Cafes see Restaurants Caffres see Kafirs Cage birds See also Canaries Refer from Bookkeeping; Business; Commer- cial education (sj ; Commercial schools (s) ; Education Refer from Business; Commercial ethics (s) ; Conduct of life ; Ethics ; Ethics, Commercial (s) ; Honesty; Honor; Merchants Refer from Children; Education, Elemen- tary; Manual training; Seat work in schools (s) ; Teaching Refer from Dairv products; Dairj'ing; Food; Milk Refer from Caterpillars; Lepidoptera Refer from Clothing; Alanufactures Refer from Constantinople; Eastern em- pire (s) ; Greek empire (s) ; Middle ages — His- tory; Rome — History — Empire; Turkey — History Refer from Cabbala (s) ; Hebrew literature; Jewish literature ; Jews — Religion ; Kabala(s) ; Kabbala (s) ; Mysticism; Occult sciences; Theosophy Refer from Constitutional history; Govern- ment; Representative government and rep- resentation Refer from Carpentry; Decoration and ornament; Furniture; Industrial arts; Wood- work Refer from Cables; Mountain railroads; Railroads; Railroads, Cable (s) ; Street rail- roads Refer from Bridges; Manufactures; Power transmission; Rope; Wire Refer from Atlantic cable (s) ; Electric cables; International law; Pacific cable (s); Submarine cables (s) ; Submarine telegraph (s) ; Telegraph; Telegraph, Submarine (s) Refer from Cables; Con\eying machinery; Ropeways (s) ; Suspended railways; Tel- pherage Refer from animals; Pets Birds; Canaries; Domestic 55 Caisson disease Caissons See also Bridges — Foundations and piers; Caisson disease; Compressed air; Founda- tions Cake See also Baking Calculating machines See also Slide rule; Tabulating machines Calculation — Aids, see Calculating machines; Mathematics — Tables, etc. ; Ready-reckon- ers Calculators see Calculating machines; Ready- reckoners Calculus See also Algebra; Cur\-es; Equations; Functions Calendar See also Christian year; Chronology; Time ; Year Calendars See also Almanacs; Daily readings; Yearbooks Calico printing See also Dyes and dj'eing; Textile design Califs see Caliphs Caliphs See also Bagdad; Mohammedanism Calisthenics see G\'mnastics; Physical edu- cation Calligraphy see Penmanship Callisthenics see Gymnastics; Physical edu- cation Caloric see Heat Caloric engines see Air engines Calorimeters and calorimetry See also Animal heat; Heat Calumny see Libel and slander Calvinism See also Antinomianism; Arminianism; Congregationalism; New England — -Re- ligious history; Orthodoxy; Predestination; Presbytcrianism ; Puritans Cambistry see Arithmetic, Commercial; For- eign exchange; Weights and measures Cambrian period see Geology, Stratigraphic — Cambrian ; Paleontology — Cambrian Cameos See also Gems Cameras See also Photography Camisards See also Ccvcnnes; France — Religious history; Huguenots Refer from Caissons; Compressed air; Com- pressed air disease (s) ; Occupations — Dis- eases and hygiene Refer from Bridges — Foundations and piers; Foundations; Hydraulic engineering Refer from Baking; Cookery Refer from Arithmetic; Arithmetic, Com- mercial ; Calculation — Aids fs) ; Calculators (s) ; Machinery; Mathematical instruments; Mathematics Refer from Algebra; Analysis (mathemat- ics) (s) ; Differential calculus (s) ; Fluxions (s) ; Functions; Infinitesimal calculus (s) ; Inte- gral calculus (s) ; Mathematics; \"ariations (calculus) (s) Refer from Astronomy; Chronology; Gre- gorian calendar (s) ; Time; Year Refer from Almanacs; Yearbooks Refer from Dyes and dyeing; Printing; Textile industry^ and fabrics Refer from Califs (s) ; Kalifs (s) ; Khalifs (s) ; Kings and rulers; Mohammedanism; Sar- acens ; Sovereigns (s) Refer from Fuel; Heat; Steam engines: Thermometer Refer from Congregationalism; New Eng- land — Religious history; Orthodoxy; Pre- destination; Presbytcrianism; Theology Refer from Carving (art industries); Gems; Jewelry Refer from Photography Refer from Cevennes ; France — Religious history; Huguenots 56 Camorra See also Italy — Politics ; Mafia Camp meetings Campagna di Roma Campaign funds Campaign literature See also Silver (as money) ; Tariff question ; U. S. — Politics Campaign songs Campaigns, Presidential, see Elections — U. S. ; Presidents — U. S. — Election Campanology see Bells Campbellites see Disciples of Christ Camping See also Outdoor life; Tents Camps (military) See also Concentration camps Cams See also Machine design Canada — History To 1763 (New France) iS^^ also French and Indian war; French in America 1763-1867 See also Canada — History — Rebel- lion, "iS^y-iR^S Rebellion, 1837-1838 See also Canada — History — 1763- 1867 1867- See also Fenians (society) Canadian literature See also Canadian poetry Canadian Northwest see Northwest, Canadian Canadian poetry See also Canadian literature Canadian rebellion, 1837-1838, see Canada — History — Rebellion, 1837-1838 Canadians in the U. S. Canal boats Canal locks see Canals — Locks Canals See also Aqueducts; Canal boats; Ci\'il engineering; Embankments; Hydraulic en- gineering; Inland navigation; Irrigation canals; Ship canals; Waterways; also names of canals, e.g. Panama canal Locks U. S. See also Waterways — U. S. Refer from Crime and criminals — Italy; Italy — Politics; Mafia; Naples; Secret so- cieties Refer from Revivals Refer from Italy — Description and travel ; Roman Campagna (s) ; Rome (city) — Cam- pagna (s) Refer from Civil service; Elections; Elec- tions — U.S.; Political corruption; Political parties; Politics; Publicity; U. S. — Politics Refer from Political parties; Politics; U. S. — Politics Refer from Political songs (s) ; Songs ; Songs, American [etc ] Refer from Amusements; Country life; Outdoor life; Sports; Tents; Vacations Refer from Military art and science Refer from Machine design; Mechanical movements Refer from French in .\merica ; New France (s) Refer from Canada — History — Rebel- lion, "1837-1838 Refer from Canada — History — 1 763-1867; Canadian rebellion, 1837-1838 (s) ; French- Canadians Refer from Fenians (society) Refer from American literature; Canadian poetry; English literature; French-Canadian literature (s) Refer from American poetry; Canadian literature; English poetry Refer from V. S. — Foreign population Refer from Boats and boating; Canals Refer from Civil engineering; Commerce; Engineering; Hydraulic engineering; Inland navigation; Transportation; Water supply; Waterwajs Refer from Canal locks (s) ; Locks (canals) (s) Refer from V. S. — Canals (s) ; \\'aterways — U. S. 57 Canaries See also Birds; Cage birds Cancer Candles Candlesticks Candy see Confectionery Caning of chairs see Chair caning Canned food see Canning and preserving; Pactcing industry Cannibalism See also Africa — Description and tra\el ; Pol\-nesia Canning and preserving See also Cookery; Food preservation and preservatives Cannon see Guns; Ordnance Canoeing see Canoes and canoeing Canoes and canoeing See also Boats and boating Canon (Bible) see Bible — Canon Canon (music) See also Counterpoint; Fugue; Alusical form Canon law see Church law Canonization See also Saints Canons, Apostolic, see Apostolic canons Cantatas Canteens (army) Canterbury cathedral See also Cathedrals — England Canticles see Bible — Old Testament — Song of Solomon Caoutchouc see Rubber Cap and gown see Costume, Academic Capillarity See also Hydrostatics; Liquids; Splashes Capital See also Banks and banking; Capitalists and financiers; Commerce; Economics; Interest; Investments; Labor and capital; Money; Monopolies; Profit; Trusts; Wealth Capital and labor see Labor and capital Capital punishment See also Electrocution; Executioners; Guillotine; Lynch law Capitalists and financiers See also Alillionaircs Capitalization See also Cataloging Capitalization (finance) see Corporations; Promoting; Railroads — Finance; Securities Caps and gowns see Costume, Academic Refer from Birds; Cage birds Refer from Carcinoma (s) ; Medicine — Practice; Tumors Refer from Lighting; Manufactures Refer from Furniture; House decoration Refer from Anthropophagy (s) ; Ethnology; Food; Man; Manners and customs Refer from Canned food (s) ; Cookery; Domestic arts; Food preservation and pre- servatives; Fruit; Industrial arts; Preserv- ing (s) Refer from Aquatic sports; Boats and boat- ing; Canoeing (s) ; Navigation; Rowing; Sailing; Sports Refer from Composition (music); Counter- point; Fugue; Music — Theory; Musical form Refer from Catholic church; Church history; Rites and ceremonies; Saints Refer from Music; Oratorios Refer from Army canteens (s) ; Liquor prob- lem ; Liquor traffic ; Temperance ; U. S. — Army Refer frovi Canterbury, Eng. ; Cathedrals — England Refer from. Hydrostatics; Liquids; Matter; Physics Refer from Commerce; Economics; Finance; Income; Labor and capital; Money; IMonopo- lies ; Profit; Property; Trusts; Wealth Refer from Crime and criminals; Criminal law ; Death penalty (s) ; Ethics ; Executions (s) ; Hanging (s) ; Murder; Punishment Refer from Biography; Capital; Finance; Financiers (s) ; Millionaires; Wcallli Refer from Cataloging; Printing; Writing 58 Captivity among the Indians see Indians — Capti\ities Capuchins See also Franciscans; Monasticism Car building see Cars Car couplings Car heating, lighting and ventilation Car lighting see Car healing, lighting and ventilation Car shops see Railroads — Shops Car ventilation see Car heating, lighting and ventilation Car wheels Carbines see Rifles Carbon See also Charcoal; Chemistry, Organic; Coal; Coke; Diamonds; Electric light car- bons ; Graphite Carbonari Sri? also Italy — History — 1815-; Italy — Politics Carboniferous period see Geology, Strati- graphic — Carboniferous ; Paleontology — Carboniferous Carbons (electric light) see Electric light carbons Carcinoma see Cancer; Tumors Card catalogs see Catalogs, Card Card system in business See also Accounting; Catalogs, Card Cardboard construction Cardinals See also Catholic church Clergy Cards See also Bezique ; Bridge whist; Cribbage; Euchre ; Fortune telling ; Gambling ; Games ; Poker; Skat (game); Solitaire; Whist Caricature and cartoons See also Humor; Alimicry; Satire Carlists Sre also Spain — History — 1700- Carmelites Carnations See also Floriculture Carnivals see Festivals Carnivora See also Bears ; Cats ; Dogs ; Foxes ; Lions ; Mammals; Seals (animals); Tigers; Wolves Carnivorous plants see Insectivorous plants Carols See also Ballads; Songs Refer from Franciscans; Monasticism Refer from. Cars; Couplings (s) ; Railroads — Equipment and supplies; Safety devices Refer from Car lighting (s) ; Car ventila- tion (s) ; Cars; Heating; Lighting; Railroads — Equipment and supplies; Ventilation Refer from Cars; Wheels Refer froyn Chemical elements; Chemistry, Organic Refer from Italy — History — 1815-; Italy — - Politics; Secret societies Carpenters' square see Square (instrument) Refer from Accounting; Bookkeeping; Busi- ness; Catalogs, Card; Drafting room practice; Indexes; Office supplies Refer from Busy work; Kindergarten; Manual training Refer from Catholic church — Biography; Catholic church — Clergy; Christian biogra- phy; Church polity Refer from Amusements; Bezique; Bridge whist; Cribbage; Entertaining; Euchre; For- tune telling; Gambling; Games; Playing- cards (s) ; Poker; Skat (game); Whist Refer from Art; Cartoons (s) ; Drawing; Grotesque; Humor; Illustration of books; Journalism; Mimicry; Pictures; Satire Refer from Spain — History — 1700- Refer from Nuns; Sisterhoods Refer from Floriculture; Flowers Refer from Bears; Beasts of prey (s) ; Cats; Dogs; Foxes; Lions; Mammals; Seals (animals); Tigers; \Volvcs Refer from Christmas; Christmas carols (s) ; Christmas poetry; Church music; Easter; Folk songs; Music; Songs 59 Carpentry Sfe also Building; Cabinet work; Cars; Doors; Floors; Lathes; Moldings; Railings; Roofs; Rustic woodwork; Scaffolding; Slide rule; Square (instrument); Stair building; Tools; Turning; Wood car\'ing; Woodwork; Woodworking machinery Carpetbag rule see Reconstruction Carpets See also House decoration; Linoleum; Rugs; Sweeping; Weaving Carriage painting See also Painting, Mechanical Carriages See also Ambulances; Automobiles; Chariots; Coaches and coaching; Omni- buses ; Vehicles ; W'heels Carrier pigeons see Pigeons Carriers See also Baggage; Bailments; Commerce; Commercial law; Communication; Demur- rage; Express companies; Freight; Inter- state commerce; Navigation; Negligence; Omnibuses; Postal service; Railroads; Shipping; Transportation Cars See also Air brakes; Automobiles; Car couplings ; Car heating, lighting and ven- tilation; Car wheels; Carriages; Railroads — Rolling stock; Sleeping cars Cartels (economics) see Combination, Indus- trial ; Trusts Cartesian philosophy see Descartes, Rene Carthusians See also Monasticism Cartography see Charts; Maps Cartoons see Caricature and cartoons Carving (art industries) See also Arts and crafts; Bas-relief; Cameos; Glyptics; Ivory; Sculpture; Wood carving Carving (meat, etc.) See also Cookery Caryokinesis see Karyokinesis Cases of conscience see Conscience Cash registers Casks see Cooperage Cast iron See also Foundry work; Iron Castaways See also Shipwrecks Caste See also Brahmanism; India — Social life and customs Casting see Foundry work; Plaster casts Castles See also Architecture; Military architec- ture; also names of castles Refer from Architecture; Building; Indus- trial arts ; Joinery (s) ; Manual training ; Tools ; Woodwork Refer from Floors; House decoration; Rugs; Textile industry and fabrics; Weaving Refer from Painting, Mechanical; Wagon painting (s) Refer from Cabs (s) ; Cars; Coaches and coaching; Locomotion; Manufactures; Trans- portation; Vehicle*; Wagons; Wheels Refer jrom Bailments; Commerce; Com- mercial law; Common carriers (s) ; Communi- cation; Demurrage; Express companies; Freight; Law; Public service corporations; Railroads; Shipping; Transportation Refer from Car building (s) ; Carpentry; Manufactures; Passenger coaches (s) ; Rail- roads; Railroads — Cars (s) ; Railroads — Equipment and supplies; Railroads — Rolling stock; Street cars (s) ; Vehicles Refer from Monasticism Refer from Art; Arts and crafts; Bas-relief; Decoration and ornament; Design, Decora- tive; Sculpture; Wood carving Refer from Cookery; Dinners and dining; Home economics; Meat; Table Refer from Accounting; Business; Office supplies Refer from Blast furnaces; Foundry work; Iron; Pig iron (s) Refer from Adventure; Crusoe stories (s) ; Shipwrecks Refer from Brahmanism; Class distinction; Hinduism; India — Social life and customs; Manners and cugtoms; Sociology Refer from Archaeology; Architecture; Ar- chitecture, Medieval; Chateaux (s) ; ]*"orti- ticatiun; Military architecture; Palaces 60 Castles — Continued England See also Warwick casllc ; Windsor castle Casts, Plaster, see Plaster casts Casuality insurance, see Insurance, Casualty- Casuistry see Conscience Cat see Cats Catabolism see Metabolism Catacombs See also Church history — Early church Cataloging See also Alphabeting; Capitalization; Classification; Colophons; Errors and blun- ders, Literary; Indexing; Library science; Titles of books Catalogs See also Bibliography; Cataloging; In- dexes; also subjects of which catalogs are made Booksellers' Card See also Card system in business; Cata- loging; Catalogs, Library Library See also Bibliography; Catalogs, Card Publishers' Catalysis See also Chemistry, Physical ; Colloids Cataracts see Waterfalls Catarrh See also Cold (disease); Hay fever; Respiratory organs — Diseases Catechisms See also Bible — Question books; Creeds; also names of churches, subhead Catechisms and creeds Catering See also Menus; Table Caterpillars See alio Butterflies; Lepidoptera ; Moths Cathedrals See also Architecture, Gothic; Church architecture; also names of cathedrals England See also Canterbury cathedral Cathode rays See also Electric discharges througli gases; Electrons ; X rays Refer from Warwick castle; Windsor castle Catholic apostolic church Refer from Archaeology; Burial; Caves; Cemeteries; Christian antiquities; Christian art and symbolism; Church history- — ^ Early church ; Tombs Refer from Alphabeting; Bibliography; Books; Capitalization; Catalogs; Catalogs, Card ; Classification ; Indexing ; Library science Refer from Bibliography; Indexes Refer from Booksellers and bookselling; Booksellers' catalogs (s) Refer from Card catalogs (s) ; Card system in business; Catalogs, Library Refer from Bibliography; Books; Catalogs, Card; Finding lists (s) ; Libraries; Library catalogs (s) Refer from Publishers and publishing; Pub- lishers' catalogs (s) Refer from Chemistry; Chemistry, Physical; Colloids; Contact action (s) Refer from Cold (disease); Hay fever; Medi- cine — -Practice; Nose; Respiratory organs — Diseases Refer from Bible — Catechisms (s) ; Bible — Question books; Creeds; Theology Refer from Cookery; Menus; Restaurants; Table Refer from Butterflies; Insects; Lepidoptera; Moths Refer from Abbeys; Architecture; Architec- ture, Gothic; Architecture, Medieval; Catholic church; Christian art and symbolism; Church architecture; Church history; Church of Eng- land Refer from Canterbury cathedral Refer frotn Electric discharges through gases ; Electrons ; Kathode rays (s) ; Radiation ; Radioactivity; X rays Refer from Irvingitcs (s) ; Sects 6i Catholic church See also Abbeys; Absolution; Apostolic succession; Bulls, Papal; Canonization; Cathedrals; Celibacy; Church and state; Confession ; Convents and nunneries ; Episco- pacy; Excommunication; Fasts and feasts; Fathers of the church; Greek church; Immaculate conception; Indulgences; In- fallibility; Inquisition; Interdict; Jansen- ists; Jesuits; Lent; Mary, Virgin; Mass; Miracles; Modernism; Monasteries; Mo- nasticism; Oxford movement; Penance; Per- secution; Pilgrimages; Popes; Protes^'ant- ism; Purgatory; Religious liberty; Reli- gious orders; Ritualism; Rosary; Sacra- ments; Saints; Shrines; Sisterhoods; Tran- substantiation ; Ultramontanism ; Vatican Authority See also Popes — Authority and su- premacy Biography See also Archbishops; Bishops; Cardi- nals; Catholic church — Clergy; Fathers of the church; Priests; Saints Breviaries, see Breviaries Catechisms and creeds See also Apostles' creed; Athanasian creed ; Nicene creed Clergy See also Apostolic succession ; Arch- bishops ; Bishops; Cardinals; Catholic church — Directories; Celibacy; Episco- pacy; Monasticism; Priests Councils, see Councils and synods Creeds, see Catholic church — Cate- chisms and creeds Dictionaries — — Directories Doctrinal and controversial works Education See also Church and education ; Church schools Government See also Excommunication History See also Church history; Councils and synods; Counter-reformation; Jansen- ists ; Popes — History; Popes — Tem- poral power; Reformation; Schism, The great western, 1378-1417; Vatican council Infallibility, see Catholic church — Au- thority; Popes — Infallibility — =-Liturgy and ritual See also Bre\iarics; Chants; Mass; Missals ; Ritualism — — Missions See also Indians — Missions; Jesuits — Missions Name Orders, see Catholic church — Clergy; Religious orders Periodicals Popes, see Popes Ritual, see Catholic church — Liturgy and ritual Refer from Church and state; Church of England ; Episcopacy ; Holy See (s) ; Papacy (s) ; Popes; Protestantism; Roman Catholic church (s) ; Romanism (s) ; Sects; Ultramon- tanism ; Vatican Refer from Authority (in religion); Catholic church — Infallibility (s) ; Infallibility; Popes — Authority and supremacy Refer from Catholic church — Creeds (s) Refer from Apostolic succession ; Archbishops ; Bishops; Cardinals; Catholic church — Biog- raphy; Catholic church — Orders (s) ; Priests Refer from Catholic church — Clergy Refer from Catholic church — Social re- lations; Church and education Refer from Church history; Counter-ref- ormation; Reformation; Popes — History Refer from Breviaries; Catholic church — Ritual (s) ; Liturgies; Mass; Alissals ; Ritual- ism Refer from Jesuits — Missions; Missions 62 Catholic church — Continued Social relations See also Catholic churcli — Education; Socialism and Catholic church Statistics Catholic church and socialism see Socialism and Catliolic churcli Catholic church in England See also Catholic emancipation; England — Religious history; Gunpowder plot Catholic church in France Sre also France — Religious history Catholic emancipation See also Catholic church in England Catholic literature Cats See also Carnivora; Domestic animals Cat's cradle see String figures Cattle See also Barns and stables ; Beef ; Breeding ; Cowboj's ; Cows; Dairying; Feeding and feeding stuffs; Horns; Live stock; Oxen; Ungulata Diseases See also Tuberculosis in animals; Veterinary medicine Transportation, see Animals — Transpor- tation Caucasian race See also Aryans Caucus See also Elections; Nominations; Pri- maries * Causation See also Metaphysics ; Teleology Cause and effect see Causation Cavalry See also Cavalry drill and tactics; Horse; Military art and science; also under country, e.g. U. S. — Army — Cavalry. For volun- teer regiments in the U. S., see under name of state, e.g. New York cavalry; also United States volunteer cavalry, for volun- teer regiments recruited at large Cavalry drill and tactics See also Horse ; Tactics Cave dwellers See also Archaeology Cave fauna Cave men see Cave dwellers Caves .SV'' also Catacombs; Cave dwellers; Ca\c fauna; Chultuncs Ceilings See also Mural painting and decoration; Plaster and plastering Celebrations see y\nniversaries ; Festivals; Holidays; also names of cities, subheads Centennial celebrations, etc., and Festivals Refer from Christian sociology Refer from Catholic emancipation; England — Religious history Refer from France — Religious history; Galilean church (s) Refer from Catholic church in England; Emancipation (s) ; Religious liberty Refer from Literature; Religious literature Refer from Carnivora; Cat (s) ; Domestic animals ; Pets Refer from Cows; Dairying; Domestic animals; Live stock; Oxen; Ungulata Refer from Animals — Diseases; Veterinary medicine Refer from Aryans Refer from Elections; Nominations; Pri- maries Refer from Cause and effect (s) ; Final cause (s) ; God; Metaphysics; Philosophy Refer from Military art and science Refer from Cavalry ; Drill (military); Mili- tary art and science; Tactics Refer from Anthropology; Archaeology; Cave men (s) ; Caves; Ethnology; Man — Origin and antiquity; Troglodytes (s) Refer from Caves; Zoology Refer from Archaeology; Grottoes (s) ; Physical geography; Speleology (s) Refer from Architecture; Building; Plaster and plastering; Roofs 63 Celestial mechanics see Mechanics, Celestial Celibacy See also Bachelors; Monasticism ; Spin- sters Cell, Voltaic, see Electric batteries Cello see Violoncello Cells See also Biology; Botany — Embryology; Botany, Structural ; Embryology ; Histology ; Karyokinesis ; Osmosis; Phj'siological chem- istr)-; Protoplasm; Protozoa; Regeneration (biology) Celluloid See also Cellulose; Guncotton Cellulose See also Celluloid; Guncotton; Paper; Wood pulp Celtic folklore see Folklore, Celtic Celtic languages See also Aryan languages; Cornish lan- guage; Gaelic language; Irish language; Welsh language Celtic legends see Legends, Celtic Celtic literature See also Bards; Gaelic literature; Irish literature (Celtic) ; Welsh literature Celtic mythology see Mythology, Celtic Celts See also Aryans; Britons; Druids; Folk- lore, Celtic ; Gauls ; Legends, Celtic ; Picts Cement . See also Adhesives ; Building materials; Concrete; Geology, Economic; Glue; Lime; Pavements; Stucco Cemeteries See also Burial; Catacombs; Eminent domain; Epitaphs; Landscape gardening; Tombs; also names of cities, subhead Cemeteries National Cenozoic era see Geology, Stratigraphic — Cenozoic; Paleontology — Cenozoic Censorship of the press see Liberty of the press; Prohibited books Census See also Statistics; Tabulating machines; Vital statistics; also names of countries, and cities, subhead Census Centenarians see Longevity Centennials see names of cities, subhead Centennial celebrations, etc. Central power stations see Power plants Central states see Middle states Centralization of schools see Schools — Cen- tralization Centrifugal fans see Fans, Mechanical Centrifugal force See also Gravitation Refer from Catholic church; Catholic church — Clerg)' ; Chastil}'; Church history; Churcli polity; Clergy; Marriage; Monasticism; Priests ; Theology Refer from Biology; Botany; Botany — Embryology ; Botany, Structural ; Cytology(s) ; Embryology; Histology; Morphology; Physi- ological chemistry; Protoplasm; Regener- ation (biology) ; Zoology Refer from Cellulose; Chemistry. Technical; Guncotton Refer from Celluloid; Chemistry, Technical; Guncotton; Paper; Plants — Chemistry and nutrition; Wood pulp Refer from Aryan languages; Cornish lan- guage; Gaelic language; Irish language; Kel- tic languages (s) ; Welsh language Refer from Bards; Gadhelic literature (s) ; Gaelic literature; Irish literature (Celtic); Keltic literature (s) ; Literature; Welsh litera- ture Refer from Aryans; Britons; Druids; Gaels (s) ; Gauls; Kelts (s) ; Picts Refer from Adhesives; Building materials; Chemistry, Technical; Concrete; Geology, Economic; Hydraulic cement (s) ; L'me; Masonry; Mortar (s) ; Portland cement (s) ; Slag; Stucco Refer from Archaeology; Burial; Burying grounds (s) ; Churchyards (s) ; Eminent do- main; Graves (s) ; Graveyards (s) ; Hygiene, Public; Landscape gardening; Municipal im- provement; Sanitation; Tombs Refer from National cemeteries (s) Refer from Population; Statistics; Vital statistics Refer from Force and energy 64 Cephalopoda See also Mollusks Ceramics see Pottery Cereal foods see Cereals, Prepared Cereals see Cereals, Prepared ; Grain Cereals, Prepared Cerebral hemorrhage see Apoplexy Cerebrospinal meningitis see Aleningitis Ceremonies see Etiquet; A'lanners and cus- toms; Rites and ceremonies Certainty See also Belief; Faith; Probabilities; Truth Certificates, Teachers', see Teachers — Ex- aminations and certificates Cervidae see Deer Cetacea See also Mammals; Whales Chafing dish Chain belling see Belting Chained books Chains See also Alachine design Chair caning Chairs See also Chair caning; Furniture Chalcography see Engraving Chalk See also Limestone Chalk talks Challenger expedition, 1872- 1876 Chamber music Chambers of commerce see Boards of trade Chance See also Probabilities Chancellors, Lord Chancery See also Equity Chanteys see Sailors' songs Chanties see Sailors' songs Chanting See also Chants ; Singing and voice culture Chants See also Anthems; Chanting; Choral music; Church music; Hymns Chap-books see Chapbooks Chapbooks See also Ballads Chapels See also Church architecture Character See also Christian life and character; Conduct of life, and references under that subject; Ethics; Graphology; Ideals; In- Refer from Mollusks Refer from Breakfast foods (s) ; Breakfasts; Cereal foods (s) ; Cereals (s) ; Cookery; Food; Prepared cereals (s) Refer from Belief; Conviction (s) ; Evidence; Faith; Intellect; Logic; Philosophy; Truth Refer from Mammals; Marine zoology; Whales Refer from Cookery Refer from Books Refer from Cables; Machine design; Manu- factures Refer from Caning of chairs (s) ; Chairs; Industrial arts Refer from Furniture Refer from Geology, Economic; Limestone Refer from Drawing; Lectures and lecturing Refer from Scientific expeditions Refer from Instrumental music; Music Refer from Fortune (s) ; Luck (s) ; Philoso- phy ; Probabilities Refer from Biography; Judges; Lawyers; Lord chancellors (s) ; Ministers of state Refer from Courts; Equity; Law; Pleading and practice Refer from Chants; Singing and voice culture Refer /row _ Anthems ; Catholic church — Liturgy and ritual; Chanting; Choral music; Church music; Gregorian chant (sj ; Gregorian music (s); Music; Plain chant (s) ; Plain song (s) ; Plainsong (s) Refer from Ballads; Chap-books (s) ; Folk- lore; Literature; Periodicals Refer from Church architecture Refer from Christian life and character; Conduct of life; Ethics; Moral education; Psychology; Temperament dividuality; National characteristics; Palm- istry; Personality; Phrenology; Physi- ognomy; Temperament Character reading see Fortune telling; Graph- ology; Palmistry; Phrenology; Physiog- nomy; Psychometry (character reading, etc.) Characteristics, National, see National char- acteristics Charades See also Amateur theatricals; Puzzles Charcoal See also Animal charcoal Charcoal drawing Chariots Charitable societies See also Charities Humane societies Charity organization; Charities See also Almshouses; Asylums; Blind — Asylums and education ; Charitable societies ; Charity organization; Charity schools; Children — Charities, protection, etc.; City missions; Creches; Deaf and dumb — Asylums and education; Dispensaries; Farm colonies; Flower missions; Fresh air charity; Friendly visiting; Hospitals; Insane hos- pitals; Jews — Charities; Mortmain; Nurses and nursing; Orphans and orphan asylums; Outdoor relief; Philanthropy; Poor; Poor laws; Ragged schools; Salvation army ; Sisterhoods ; Sisters of charity ; Social settlements; Social work; Vacant lot culti- vation; also names of cities, subheads Char- ities and Poor Medical See also Blind — Asylums and educa- tion; Deaf and dumb — Asylums and education; Dispensaries; Hospitals; Inebriate asylums; Insane hospitals; Missions, Medical — u. s. See also U. S. — Hospitals and asylums Charity See also Altruism; Charities; Friendly visiting; Kindness; Love Charity, Sisters of, see Sisters of charity Charity organization Sec also Charitable societies; Charities Charity schools See also Orpihans and orphan asylums; Ragged schools Charlatanry see Quacks and quackery- Charlemagne - Romances Charms See also Amulets; Birth stones; Swastika; Witchcraft Refer from Amateur theatricals; Amuse- ments; Drama; Puzzles; Riddles Refer from Carbon; Fuel Refer from Drawing Refer from Archaeology; Carriages; Military art and science; Vehicles Refer from Benevolent societies (s) ; Chari- ties ; Charity organization; Humane societies; Philanthropy; Societies Refer from Almshouses; Asylums; Chari- table socieites; Charity; Charity organization; Dependent classes (s) ; Economics; Friendly visiting; Gifts; Homes (institutions) (s) ; Hospitals; Institutions, Charitable and philan- thropic (s) ; Outdoor relief; Philanthrop)'; Poor; Public institutions (s) ; Reform; Relief work (s) ; Social problems; Social work; Sociology Refer from Dispensaries; Medical chari- ties (s) ; Medicine Refer from U.S. — Charities (s) Refer from Almsgi\ing (s) ; Begging; Benevo- lence (s) ; Conduct of life; Ethics; Giving (s) ; Love, Philanthropy Refer from Associated charities (s) ; Chari- table societies; Charities; Organized chari- ty (s) Refer from Charities; Children — Charities, protection, etc.; Education; Free schools (s) ; Orphans and orphan asylums; Schools Refer from Frencii literature; Middle ages — Literature; Romances Refer from Amulets; Demonology; Evil eye; Folklore; Superstition; Talismans (s) ; Witch- craft 66 Charters Si'e also Archives; Corporations; Magna charta; Municipal franchises; also names of colonies, states, cities, etc., subhead Charters Chartism Chartography sre Charts; Maps Charts See also Maps Chase, The, see Hunting Chastity See also Celibacy Chateaux see Castles Chattel mortgages see Alortgages Chattels see Personal property; Property Checkers Checkreins See also Harness Checks See also Banks and banking Cheerfulness See also Happiness; Optimism Cheese See also Dairy bacteriology; Dairy prod- ucts ; Dairying Cheirognomy see Palmistry Cheiromancy see Palmistry Cheiroptera see Bats Cheirosophy see Palmistry Chemical affinity See also Chemical reaction Chemical analysis see Chemistry — Analysis; also subhead Analysis under special sub- jects, e.g. Water — Analysis Chemical apparatus See also Blowpipe; Chemistry — Labora- tory manuals Chemical effects of light see Photochemistry Chemical elements See also Atomic weights; Metals; Periodic law; Valency; also names of elements, e.g. Argon, Arsenic, Carbon, Helium, Nitrogen, 0.x\'gen, Radium, Sulphur Chemical engineering See also Chemistr)% Technical; Drying; Metallurgy; Waste products Chemical geology see Geochemistry; Geolog)', Economic; Mineralogy; Rocks Chemical industries see Chemistry, Technical Chemical instruments see Chemical apparatus Chemical reaction See also Chemical affinity; Reagents Chemical reagents see Reagents Chemical societies Chemical technology see Chemistr\', Technical Refer from Archives; Deeds; Documents (s) ; Government; History — Sources; Law; Manuscripts; Municipal charters (s) ; Munic- ipal government; Paleography Refer from England — History — Victorian period ; Labor and laboring classes — England Refer from Cartography (s) ; Chartogra- phy (s) ; Hydrography; Alaps Refer from Ethics; Marriage; Purity (s) ; Sexual ethics; Virtue; Women Refer from Draughts (s) ; Games Refer from Animals — Treatment; Bearing reins (s) ; Driving; Harness; Horse Refer from Banks and banking; Money Refer from Conduct of life; Contentment; Ethics; Gladness (s) ; Happiness; Optimism Refer from Dairy bacteriology; Dairy prod- ucts; Dairying; Milk Refer from Affinity, Chemical (s) ; Chemical reaction; Chemistry, Physical Refer from Chemical instruments (s) ; Chem- istry — Apparatus (s) ; Chemistry — Labora- tory manuals; Scientific apparatus and instru- ments Refer from Elements, Chemical (s) Refer from Chemistry, Technical; Engineer- ing; Engineering, Chemical (s) ; Industrial arts; Industrial chemistry (s) ; Metallurgy Refer from Chemical affinity; Chemistry, Physical; Reaction, Chemical (s) ; Reagents Refer from Scientific societies 67 Chemistry St-e also Acids; Agricultural chemistry; Air; Alchemy; Alkalies; Assaying; Atomic theory; Atomic weights; Atoms; Catalysis; Color; Combustion; Condensation; Crystal- lography; Dissociation; Electrochemistry; Evaporation; Fermentation; Fire; Gases; Geochemistry; Ions; Metallurgy; Micro- chemistry; Mineralogy; Molecules; Periodic law; Pharmacy; Photochemistry; Photo- graphic chemistry; Physics; Ph}'siological chemistry; Plants — Chemistry and nutri- tion; Poisons; Radioactivity; Reagents; Receipts; Salts; Sanitary chemistry; Solu- tion (chemistry); Spectrum analysis; Stereo- chemistry ; also headings beginning Chemical, and names of chemical elements and sub- stances Agricultural, see Agricultural chemistry Analysis Sec also Adulterations; Assaying; Blow- pipe; Electrolysis; Eudiometer; Micro- chemistry; Mineralogy; also names of substances analyzed Animal, see Physiological chemistry Apparatus, see Chemical apparatus -Biological, see Physiological chemistry Botanical, see Plants — Chemistry and nutrition Dairy, see Agricultural chemisti-y; Dairy bacteriology Domestic, see Chemistry, Household Experimental, see Chemistry — Labora- tory manuals Forensic, see Chemistry, Legal History See also Alchemy; Atomic theory; Chemists Household See also Cleaning; Cookery; Food — Analysis; Food adulteration and inspec- tion; Sanitary chemistry; Sanitation, Household Industrial, see Chemistry, Technical Inorganic See also Alkalies; Ammonia; Metals; Mineralogy; Rare earths Laboratory manuals See also Chemical apparatus -Legal See also Medical sons jurisprudence; Poi- -Mathematical, see Chemistry, Physical -Medical, see Pharmacy; Physiological chemistry -Organic See also Alcohol; Alkaloids; Carbon; Coal; Es^sences and essential oils; Fer- mentation; Gas; Physiological chemistry; Plants — Chemistry and nutrition; Pro- teins Refer from Acids; Atoms; Gases; Molecules; Natural history; Physics; Salts; Science; Solution (chemistry) Refer fro 7)1 Adulterations; Analysis (chemis- try) (s) ; Analytical chemistry (s) ; Blowpipe; Chemical analysis (s) ; Qualitative analysis (s) ; Quantitative analysis (s) ; Titration (s) ; Volumetric analysis (s) Refer from Alchemy; Atomic theory; Chem- Refer from Chemistry, Domestic (s) ; Food adulteration and inspection; Home economics; Household chemistry (s) ; Sanitary chemistry; Sanitation, Household Refer from Alkalies; Inorganic chemistry (s) ; Metals ; Rare earths Refer from Chemical apparatus; Chemistry, Experimental (s) ; Experimental chemistry (s) ; Experiments (s) Refer from Chemistry, Forensic (s) ; Forensic chemistry (s) ; Legal chemistry (s) ; Medical jurisprudence; Physiological chemistry; Poi- sons Refer from Alcohol; Alkaloids; Carbon; Fermentation; Organic chemisify (s) ; Proteins 6S Chemistry — C r n : : n ued ' Tii\':.y.: c.::.'.. src PhvsJolojncal chemistiy — — r;-ii:n~iccu:icii], sre Pharmacy Photocraplhac, site Pfeotogrjipiiic cihemistry Physical Srr also Atomic tiheorj- ; Atomic xreights ; Atoms; Boiliiag points; Catalysis; Chemi- c-i] air.r,i:y; Cliemica] reaction; Colloids; C'% 5'i ^'crarhv; Dissociation; Electro- Chen- ;.-:--:. -■-■----- . :■ • -- ^:---. :.~,; Ucuc:^c: g pC'illtS; .\.. ;. -;....;.: - ^JC Uvc; Phioiocliemastry ; Physics; Radio- activity; Soliation (chc-r.-i'ftry) ; Stereo- chcm:?iry; Tih«rmc>" : Valency rhv5.i. k-gical, srf T ■ - ..'.1 chemistry Sanitary, see Samitary ciieniistry Technical Srr aho A'cetylene ; Adukeraiioms ; AH'CoJiiol, Denat^II^e^d; Ammonia; Animal products; Baking powder; Boiler scale; Bre-wing; Celluloid; Cellulose; Cement; Chemica.1 engineering; Clay in^ustri'es; Coal-tar colors; Coal-tar products; Cor- rosion and anti-corrosives; Distillation; Dyes and dyeing; Electrochemistry; Es- sences and essential oils; Explosives; Fermentation; Fireworks; Fuel; Gas; Glass manufacture; Glucose; Glue; Gums and resins; Gunpowder; Gutta-percha; Industrial arts; Ink; Leather; Matches; Metallurgy; Oils and fats; Paint; Paper; Perfumery; Petroleum; Receipts; Rub- ber; Soap; Sugar; Textile industrj'' and fabrics; V'arnish and varnishing; Waste products; Wood distillation Chemists Srr also Chemistry — History ; Pharma- cis's Chess Chest Sre also Anatomy; Auscultation; Heart; Lungs; Respiratory organs Chickens srr Poultry Chief justices Srr aho Judges Child labor Src also Apprentices; Compulsory edu- cation; Factory system; Hours of labor; Newsboys; Sweating system Child life Srr also Children in Japan [and in other countries] Child saving -^rr ClTili'lrrn — ■ Cliaruios- pro- tection, etc. Child study Srr ,i,'. p Children; Kindergarten; Libra- ries. Children's; Mothers' clubs; Plaj'; Psy- che u-cy. Educational; Youth Chi'.c. '-..-.od srf Child life; Children Children Srr ais'O Adoption; Birth rate; Bovs; Bu|i- - Ivvi- lluiiily ; Mil ai liv; ; KcliyMun ami hi iciuc (Iciu'i'h iiiicl an I In nil y ; C'liiiNliaii i\ hliiu ch (h) ; MviiienccH of Cliiiuliunity (s) ; MiiaJcHj Uc- li).Miin IliHtoiy, sff C'liun li iiislnry • OiiKi'i. J''** Climi-li liisliH y — I'.ai I \ i Inn < li J'raclical, set" C'lnisiiaii lilc ainl i haiai in ; C'luisiian H()i-i()li)).'y I'i'i mi I i ' I-, W(' C'liiiiili lii:,liii\ I'ail)' ( llll I c ll Christianity and Other religions l\,j','r from Cliilsiiaiiiiy ; KdiKiDiis C'lii i^ii iaiiiiy ami su icm <• .i/v RclijMoii ainI HI iflll f CliriHtianii y ami Muial pKililrmri wv ( liii-.ii.in H(H'iiil(i^;y CliriHliaiiiiy ami i.dtiaii.Hiii \fe Soi ialisiu an• Church and education Sn' tiho I'.il.li- in iIm- talior,l,; (alliMli. krirr j mm WWAr in llic HcliooU; Catliolii- cliniili I'aliualion; ( linn li m IimoI, ; I'lili ilinnli I'almalimi; C'liriMtiaii HiMii)|i)(.;y ; lie i(( IkjoIh and ii'liKion ; KcliKioin. cdm aiioii ; I'liiin h and Hlfllc; C'linnli hcIiuuIh: Dcinnnina- 'l'lifo|i.).;y - Study and Icai liin^; limial mcIiooIh (n); luimalion; l-'alncal inn and cliuiili (s); Rtdi^'ion and cilmalinn (s); Kc- li^inUH education 74 Cliurch and liealing see Emmanuel mo\cmcnl; Medicine and religion Churcii and social problems see Christian socialism; Christian sociology; Church work Church and state iS'iV also Asylum, Right of; Catholic church; Church and education; Church his- tory; Church of England — I^stablishment ; Church polity; Church property; Liberty of conscience; Popes — Temporal power; Re- ligious liberty; Socialism and Catholic church; Socialism and Christianity; Taxa- tion, Exemption from Church antiquities see Christian antiquities Church architecture See also Abbeys; Architecture; Architec- ture, Gothic; Basilicas; Cathedrals; Chap- els; Christian art and symbolism; Church decoration and ornament ; Crypts ; Mosques ; Orientation (architecture); Spires ; Temples ; Towers Chuich attendance Church bells see Bells Church benefices see Church property Church biography see Christian biography Church calendar see Christian j-ear; Fasts and feasts Church census see Church statistics Cliurch ceremonies see Christian antiquities; Fasts and feasts; Liturgies; Rites and cere- monies Church costu-ne see Church vestments Church councils see Councils and s)'nods Church decoration and ornament See alio Christian art and symbolism ; Church furniture; Floral decoration; Rood screens Church dedication Church discipline See also Absolution; Asceticism; Church polity; Confession; Excommunication; In- quisition; Interdict; Monasticism; Penance; Purgatory; Simony Church entertainments See also Entertainments; Sunday school entertainments Church extension see Church work; Missions Church fathers see Fathers of the church Church festivals see Fasts and feasts Church finance See also Church property; Church rates; Taxation, Exemption from; Tithes Church furniture See also Altars; Baptismal fonts; Pulpits; Rood screens; Shrines Churcli government see Church polity Church history See also Abbeys; Apostolic succession; Bible; Canonization; Cathedrals; Catholic Refer from Catholic church; Church history; Church of England — Establishment; Church polity; Disestablishment (s) ; Government; Liberty of conscience; Persecution; Religious liberty; State church (s) Refer from Architecture; Architecture, Ecclesiastical (s) ; Architecture, Gothic; Basilicas; Cathedrals; Chapels; Christian antiquities; Christian art and symbolism; Churches (s) ; Ecclesiastical architecture (s) ; Religious art (s) ; Spires; Temples Refer from Church statistics; Churchgo- ing (s) ; Public worship (s) ; Sunday; Worship Refer from Christian art and symbolism; Christmas; Church architecture; Church orna- ment (s) ; Decoration and ornament; Floral decoration; Interior decoration (s) Refer from Church polity; Churches (s) ; Consecration of churches (s) ; Dedication of churches (s) ; Rites and ceremonies Refer from Church membership; Church polity; Discipline, lOcclesiastical (.") ; Ex- communication; Penance Refer from Church sociables (s) ; Church work; Entertainments; Sociables (s) ; So- cials (s) ; Sunday school entertainments Refer from Church accounts (s) ; Church property; Church rates; Finance; Tithes Refer from Altars; Baptismal fonts; Chris- tian antiquities; Christian art and symbolism; Church decoration and ornament; Ecclesias- tical furniture (s) ; Furniture; Pulpits Refer from Bible; Catholic church — Ilis- torv • Christendom (s) ; Christianity; Chris- 75 Church history — Continued church — liistory; Celibacy; Christianity; Church and state; Church law; Church polity; Convents and nunneries; Councils and synods; Creeds; Dissenters; Eastern churches; Episcopacy; Fathers of the church; Flagellants; Heresy; Huguenots; Inquisition; Jesuits; Jews; Martyrs; Miracles; Missions; Monasticism; Persecu- tion; Popes — History; Protestantism; Reformation; Religious liberty; Religious orders; Revivals; Sects; Sisterhoods; Theology [for history of doctrines]; also headings beginning Christian, names of sects, churches, councils, etc., and names of coun- tries and cities, subhead Religious history Early church St-e also Arianism; Bible — New Testa- meiit — Apocryphal books; Catacombs; Donatists; Fathers of the church; Pelagi- anism Early church — Apostolic See also Apostles; Apostolic fathers; Bible — New Testament Middle ages See also Albigenses; Crusades; Flagel- lants; Middle ages — History; Popes — Temporal power; Schism, The great western, 1378-1417; Waldenses Reformation, see Reformation Modern See also Covenanters; Dissenters; Jansenists; Reformation Church law ' See also Apostolic canons; Apostolic con- stitutions; Asylum, Right of; Benefit of clergy; Church history; Church polity; Church property; Councils and synods; Divorce; Marriage; Simony; Tithes; also names of churches, subhead Government Church membership See also Baptism; Church discipline; Church polity; Church statistics; Close communion; Confirmation; Covenants; Creeds; Lord's supper Church music See also Anthems ; Bible — Music ; Carols ; Chants; Chimes and chiming; Choirs; Choral music; Hymns; Liturgies; Missals; Masses; Oratorios; Organ music Church of Christ (Disciples) sec Disciples of Christ Church of Christ of latter-day saints see Mormons and Mormonism Church of England See also Anglican communion ; Apostolic succession; Cathedrals; Catholic church; Cliristian year; Confirmation; Dissenters; England — Religious history; Episcopacy; Fasts and feasts; Noniurors; Oxford move- ment; Protestant Episcopal church in the U. S. ; Puritans; Ritualism; Sacraments; Sisterhoods tianity — History (s) ; Church and state; Church law; Church polity; Councils and synods; Ecclesiastical history (s) ; Heresy; Flistory; Martyrs; Popes — History; Ref- ormation; Religious history (s) ; Sacred his- tory (s) ; Theology Refer from Arianism; Catacombs; Christi- anity — Origin (s) ; Christianity, Primitive (sj ; Donatists; Early church (s) ; Fathers ol the church; Pclagianism; Primitive Christi- anity (s) Refer from Apostles; Apostolic church (s) ; Apostolic fathers; Bible — New Testament Refer from Aliddle ages — History; Popes — Temporal power; Schism, The great western,. 1378-1417 Refer from Canon law (s) ; Church history; Church polity; Ecclesiastical law (s) ; Law Refer from Church polit)'; Confirmation: Lord's supper Refer from Anthems; Chants; Choirs; Choral music; Church services; Devotional exercises; Hymns; Music; Organ music; Psalmody (s) ; Sacred music (s) ; Songs; Vocal music (s) ; Worship Refer from Anglican church (s) ; Anglican com- munion; Dissenters; England, Church of (sj ; I'lngland — Religious history; Episcopac\' ; I'lpiscopal church (s) ; Nonjurors; Protestant Episcopal church in the U. S. ; Puritans; Sects 76 Church of England — Continued Articles of religion Refer from Articles. Thirty-nine (s) ; Church of England — Catechisms and creeds; Churcii of England — Thirty-nine articles (s) ; Thirty- nine articles (s) Biography See also Archbishops; Bishops; Church of England — Clergy Canons, see Church of England — Gov- ernment Catechisms and creeds See also Apostles' creed; Athanasian ^i^/cr /row Church of England — Creeds (s) creed; Church of England — Articles of religion; Nicene creed -Clergy See also Apostolic succession; Arch- Refer from Apostolic succession; Archbish- bishops; Bishops; Church of England — ops ; Bishops ; Church of England — Biography Directories ; Episcopacy ; Priests Constitution, see Church of England — Government Convocations Creeds, see Church of England — Cate- chisms and creeds Dioceses See also names of dioceses Directories See also Church of England — Year- Refer from Church oi 'En^Xa.nd — Clergy books Doctrinal and controversial works See also Alarprelate controversy Establishment See also Church and state Refer from Church and state; Disestablish- ment (s) ; State church (s) Finance See qIso Church rates ; Tithes Government See also Church of England — Royal /^^/^r/row Church of England — Canons (s) ; supremacy Church of England — Constitution (s) History See also England — Religious histor\'; ^^/^r /row: England — Religious history also names of dioceses Liturgy and ritual See also Ritualism Refer from Church of England — Ritual (s) ; Liturgies; Ritualism Missions Refer from Missions Ritual, see Church of England — Liturgy and ritual Royal supremacy Refer from Church of England — Govern- ment; Royal supremacy (Church of Eng- land) (s) Thirty-nine articles, see Church of Eng- land — Articles of religion Yearbooks Refer from Church of England — Directories Church of Jesus Christ of latter-day saints see Mormons and Mormonism Church of Scotland See also Co\enanters ; Presbyterian Refer from Covenanters; Presbyterian church; Presbyterianism ; Reformation— church; Presbyterianism ; Reformation — Scotland; Scotland — Religious history Scotland; Scotland — Religious history; Sects Church of the New Jerusalem see New Jerusa- lem church Church ornament see Church decoration and ornament Church polity See also Absolution ; Apostolic succession : Refer from Bishops; Church and state; Asceticism; Bap-tism; Benefit of clergy; Church discipline; Church government (s) ; 77 Brotherhoods; Cardinals; Celibacy; Chris- tian antiquities; Christian union; Church and state; Church dedication; Church discipline; Church history; Church law; Church membership; Church property; Church rates; Clergy; Confession; Con- firmation; Congregationalism; Councils and synods; Covenants; Deaconesses; Deacons; Episcopacy; Excommunication; Fasts and feasts; Free churches; Indulgences; Inter- dict; Liberty of conscience; Lord's supper; Methodism; Alonasticism; Ordination; Penance; Popes; Preaching; Presbyterian- ism; Priests; Religious orders; Rites and ceremonies; Ritualism; Sacraments; Sister- hoods; Sunday; Tithes; Worship; also names of churches, subhead Government Church property See also Church finance; Convents and nunneries; Monasteries; Taxation, Exemp- tion from Church rates See also Church finance; Tithes Church schools See also Church and education Church services See also Church music; Devotional exer- cises; Liturgies; Prayer meetings; Respon- sive worship; Worship Church settlements see Social settlements Church sociables see Church entertainments Church statistics See also Church attendance Church unity see Christian union Church vestments See also Costume Church work See also Christian sociology; Christian work; Church entertainments; City mis- sions; Deaconesses; Evangelistic work; Institutional churches; Missions; Pastoral work ; Revivals ; Social settlements ; Sunday ; Sunday schools Church year see Christian year Churches see Church architecture; Church dedication; F"rcc churches; also indi\idual churches, and names of cities, subhead Churches Churchgoing see Church attendance Churchyards see Cemeteries Cicadas See also Hemiptera Church history; Church law; Church mem- bership; Congregationalism; Ecclesiastical polity (s) ; Theology Refer from Church and state; Church bene- fices (s) ; Church finance; Church law; Church polity; Property; Real estate; Taxation, Exemption from Refer from Church finance; Church of Eng- land — Finance; Church polity; Dissenters; Tithes Refer from Catholic church — ^ Education; Church and education; Denominational schools (s) ; Diocesan schools (s) ; Parish schools (s) ; Parochial schools (s) ; Religious ed- ucation : Schools Refer from Devotional exercises; Liturgies; Public worship (s) ; Religious services (s) ; Worship Refer from Church census (s) ; Church mem- bership; Ecclesiastical statistics (s) ; Statistics Refer from Christian antiquities; Christian art and symbolism; Church costume (s) ; Costume; Ecclesiastical costume (s) ; Ecclesi- astical vestments (s) ; Regalia; Vestments (s) Refer from Christian sociology; Christian work; Church and social problems (s) ; Church extension (s) ; Institutional churches Refer from Hemiptera; Insects, Injurious and beneficial; Locusts; Sevcntccn-ycar lo- custs (s) 78 Cider See also Beverages Cigarettes See also Smoking Cigars See also Cigarettes; Smoking; Tobacco Cinematics see Kinematics Cinematograph see Moving pictures Cipher codes see Telegraph codes Ciphers See also Abbreviations; Telegraph; Telegraph codes; Writing Circle See also Geometry Circle-squaring See also Geometry Circulating libraries see Libraries Circulation of the blood see Blood Circulatory system see Vascular system Circumcision See also Jews — Religion Circumnavigation see Voyages and travels around the world Circumstantial evidence see Evidence Circus See also Acrobats; Animals — Training; Clowns ; Menageries Cistercians See also Benedictines; Monasticism; Trappists Cities See also Boroughs; City and country; City life; Garden cities; Hanseatic league; Housing problem; Markets; IVIunicipal government, and other headings beginning Municipal; Parks; Slums; Street cleaning; Street cries; Streets; I'owns Planning and laying out See also Garden cities; Housing prob- lem; Municipal art; Municipal centers; Municipal improvement; also names of cities, subhead Public buildings Citizenship See also Aliens; Allegiance; Civil rights; Education and citizenship; Expatriation; Government; Naturalization; Patriotism; Political ethics; School city City and country See also City life; Country life; Farm life City gardens see Vacant lot cultivation City government sse Municipal government City improvement see Municipal improvement City life See also Bohcmianism ; City and country City missions City planning see Cities — Planning and laying out Civic art see Municipal art Civic centers see Municipal centers Civic improvement see Alunicipal improvement Refer from Apple; Beverages Refer from Cigars; Smoking; Tobacco Refer from Smoking; Tobacco Refer from Abbreviations; Contractions (s) ; Cryptography (s) ; Cyphers (s) ; Secret writ- ing (s) ; Sign language; Writing Refer from Curves; Geometry Refer from Geometry; Quadrature of the circle (s) ; Squaring of the circle (s) Refer from Jews ; Jews — Religion Refer from Amusements; Clowns; Hippo- drome (s) ; Menageries Refer from Benedictines; Monasticism; Trappists Refer from Boroughs; Local government; Municipal corporations; Municipal gox'ern- ment; Ivlunicipalities (s) ; Sociology; Towns Refer from City planning (s) ; Garden cities; Housing problem; Municipal art; Alunicipal centers; Municipal improvement Refer from Aliens; Allegiance; Civics (s) ; Civil rights; Conduct of life; Elections; Ex- patriation; Foreigners (s) ; Government; In- ternational law; Naturalization; Patriotism; Political ethics; Public spirit (s) ; Suffrage Refer from Cities; City life; Country life; Farm life Refer from Cities; City and country Refer from Charities; Church work; Alis- sions, Home; Social settlements 79 Civics see Citizenship; Government; Muni- cipal government; also names of countries, subhead Government Civil engineering See also Aqueducts; Arches; Blasting; Boring; Breakwaters; Bridges; Building; Canals; Cofferdams; Curves in engineering; Docks; Drainage; Dredging; Earthwork; Embankments; Engineering; Excavation; Foundations; Harbors; Hydraulic engineer- ing; Irrigation; Lighthouses; Masonry; JMechanical engineering; Mensuration; Min- ing engineering; Piles and pile driving; Public works, and subhead Public works under names of countries and cities; Rail- road engineering; Railroads — Construc- tion; Reclamation of land; Rivers; Roads; Sanitary engineering; Steel construction; Streets; Strength of materials; Subways; Surve\-ing; Tunnels; Walls; Water supply Civil government see Government Civil law See also Law, and references under that subject Civil liberty see Liberty Civil rights See also Citizenship; Constitutional law Civil service See also Bureaucracy; Campaign funds; Civil service examinations; Civil service pensions; Ci\"il service reform; Nomina- tions — u. s. ^ See 'also Civil service reform ; L^ S. — • Registers Civil service examinations Civil service pensions See also Teachers — - Salaries, . pensions, etc. Civil service reform See also Alunicipal government — Com- mission plan; Political corruption Civil war see England — History — Civil war and commonwealth; U. S. — History — Civil war Civilization See also Anglo-Saxons; Anthropology; Archaeology; Art; Culture; Degeneration; Education; Ethics; Ethnology; Eugenics; History; History — Philosophy; Industry; Inventions; Latin races; XIan; Manners and customs; Migration of nations; Prog- ress; Religions; Renaissance; Social prob- lems; Society, Primitive; Sociology; Teu- tonic race; Tribes and tribal system; also names of countries, subhead Civilization Ancient See also Industries, Primitive ; also names of countries of antiquity, subhead Civili- zation Aryan See also Aryans R--fer from Aqueducts; Breakwaters; Bridg- es; Building; Canals; Curves in engineering; Docks; Dredging; Earthwork; Embankments; Engineering; Engineering, Ci\il (s) ; Founda- tions; Harbors; irrigation; Railroads — Con- struction; Roads; Surveying; Tunnels Refer from Law; Roman law (s) Refer from Citizenship; Constitutional law; Government; Law; Police power; Rights, Civil (s) Refer from Administration (s) ; Government; Government officials (s) ; Office, Tenure of (s) ; Politics; Spoils system (s); Tenure of office (s) Refer from U. S. — Civil service (s) ; U. S. — Government Refer from Civil service; Competitive exami- nations (s) ; Examinations Refer from Civil service; Old age pensions; Pensions Refer from Ci\'il service; Civil service — . U. S. ; Political corruption; Reform; U. S. — Politics Refer from Anthropology; Archaeology; Culture; Education; Ethics; EthnoK)gy; Gov- ernment; History; History — Piiilosonhy; Man; Progress; Social conditions (sj ; Social science (s) ; Sociology Refer from History, Ancient; Industries, Prinuii\c Refer from Aryan civilization (s) ; Aryans 80 Civilization — Continued Christian History Medieval See also Chivalry; Feudalism Oriental Pagan Claims See also Alabama claims; French spolia- tion claims; also names of countries, cities and wars, subhead Claims Clairvoyance ■SV^' also Animal magnetism ; Hypnotism ; Mind reading; Psychical research; Psy- chometry (character reading, etc.) ; Thought transference Clans See also Highlands of Scotland; Society, Primitive; Tartans; Tribes and tribal sys- tem ; also names of clans Class day Class distinction See also Caste; Equality; Leisure class; Peerage; Precedence Classical antiquities iS^^" also Archaeology; Art, Greek; Art, Roman; Classical dictionaries; Greece — Antiquities; Mythology, Classical; Rome — Antiquities Classical biography See also Greece — Biography; Rome — Biography Classical dictionaries Classical education See also Colleges and universities; Cur- riculum; Humanism Classical geography see Geography, Ancient Classical languages see Greek language; Latin language Classical literature See also Classicism; Greek literature; Latin literature Classical mythology see Mythology, Classical Classicism See also Hellenism; Romanticism Classification See also Cataloging; Library science; also subhead Classification under various subjects, e.g. Botany — Classification Decimal -Expansive Clay See also Bricks; Clay industries; Geology, Economic; Modeling Refer from Christianity Refer from Culture, Primitive (s) ; Primitive culture (s) Refer from Chivalry; Feudalism; Medieval civilization (s) ; Middle ages — Civilization (s) Refer from Oriental civilization (s) Refer from Pagan civilization (s) Refer from Finance; International law Refer from Animal magnetism; Divination; Fortune telling; Mind reading; Psychical research; Second sight; Spiritualism; Thought transference Refer from Feudalism; Highlands of Scot- land; Scotland; Scottish clans (s) ; Society, Primitive; Tartans; Tribes and tribal system Refer from Colleges and universities; Com- mencements; Student life Refer from Equality; Leisure class; Prece- dence; Social classes (s) ; Society; Sociology Refer from Archaeology; Art, Ancient; Greece — Antiquities ; Rome — Antiquities Refer from Biography; Greece — Biography; Rome — Biography Refer from Classical antiquities; Diction- aries; History, Ancient; Mythology; Myth- ology, Classical ; Reference books Refer from Colleges and universities; Cur- riculum; Education; Education, Classical (s) ; Education, Higher (s) ; Higher education (s) ; Humanism; Humanities (s) ; Language Refer from Greek literature; Latin literature ; Literature Refer from Art; Classical literature; Es- thetics; Hellenism; Literature; Romanticism Refer from Bibliography; Books; Catalog- ing; Library science Refer from Decimal classification (s) ; Dewey classification (s) ^<'/fr/row! Cutter classification (s) ; E.xpansivc classification (s) Refer fro tn Bricks; Geology, Economic; Soils 8i Clay industries See also Bricks; Chemistry, Technical; Pottery; Tiles Clay modeling see Modeling Cleaning See also Bleaching; Drying; Dyes and dyeing; House cleaning; Laundry; Soap; Street cleaning; Sweeping; Vacuum clean- ing s)'Stems Cleanliness See also Baths and bathing; Disinfection and disinfectants; Sanitation Clearing houses See also Banks and banking; Exchange; Trust companies Clearing of land See also Lumber and lumbering Clergy See also Benefit of clergy; Bishops; Celibacy; Monasticism; Ordination; Pas- toral work; Preachers; Preaching; Priests ; also names of churches, subhead Clergy Biography Cliff dwellers and cliff dwellings See also Archaeology; Arizona uities; Mexico — Antiquities Antiq- Climate See also Acclimatization; Cold; Health resorts; Medical geography; Aleteorology ; Physica"! geography; Rain; Seasons; Tem- perature; Weather; also names of countries and cities, subhead Climate Climatology see Climate Climbing plants See also Botany — Physiology Clinical medicine see Medicine — Practice Clippings See also Scrapbooks Clocks and watches See also Pendulum; Timekeepers Cloisonne See also Enamel Cloisters see Convents and nunneries ; Monas- teries Close communion See also Baptists; Lord's supper Closed shop see Open and closed shop Cloth see Textile industry and fabrics Clothing See also Buttons; Consumers' leagues; Costume; Dress reform; Dressmaking; Fur; Garment cutting; Hosiery; Sumptuary laws; Sweating system; Tailoring; Textile industry and fabrics; Toilet; Underwear; Uniforms Refer from Bricks; Chemistry, Technical; Clay; Industrial arts; Pottery; Tiles Refer from Bleaching ; Chemistry, Household ; Dyes and dyeing; Laundry; Sanitary chemis- try ; Scouring (s) Refer from Home economics; Hygiene; Sanitation Refer from Banks and banking; Exchange Refer from Agriculture; Land; Land clear- ing (s) Refer from Church polity; Curates (s) ; Deacons; Ministers of the gospel (s) ; Ordina- tion; Parsons (s) ; Pastoral theology _ (s) ; Pastoral work ; Pastors (s) ; Preachers ; Priests ; Professions; Rectors (s) ; Theology; Theology, Pastoral (s) Refer from Biography; Christian biography Refer from Anthropology; Archaeology; Ar- chitecture, Ancient; Arizona — Antiquities; Ethnology; Indians; Mexico — 'Antiquities; Pueblos Refer from Acclimatization; Climatology (s) ; Earth; Ethnology; Health resorts; Hygiene; Medical climatology (s) ; Medical geography; Meteorology; Physical geography; Tempera- ture; Therapeutics; Weather Refer from Botany; Botany — Physiology; Plants; Plants, Climbing (s) ; Vines (s) Refer from Newspaper clippings (s) ; News- papers; Press clippings (s) ; Quotations; Scrap- books Refer from Horology (s) ; Manufactures; Timekeepers; Watches (s) Refer from Enamel; Shippo (s) Refer from Baptism; Baptists; Church membership; Communion (s) ; Lord's supper Refer from Costume; Dress (s) ; Dry goods; Fashion; Hygiene; Manufactures; Textile industry and fabrics 82 Clouds See also Meteorology Clover Clowns See also Circus ; Fools Clubs See also Book clubs; Boys' clubs; Girls' clubs; Mothers' clubs; Neigliborhood gilds; Societies; Study clubs; Women's clubs; Working women's clubs; Workingmen's clubs ; also names of cities, subhead Clubs Coaches and coaching See also Carriages; Driving; Omnibuses; Roads Coaching see Coaches and coaching Coal See also Briquets; Coal mines and mining; Coal regions; Coal-tar colors; Coal-tar products; Coaling stations; Coke; Gas; Geology, Economic; Lignite Coal gas see Gas Coal lands see Coal regions Coal mines and mining See also Anthracite coal strike, 1902; Coal regions; Mine accidents; Miners; Mining engineering, and references under that subject Coal oil see Petroleum Coal regions See also Geology, Economic Coal-tar colors See also Chemistry, Technical; Dyes and dyeing • Coal-tar products See aho Chemistry, Technical; Coal-tar colors; Distillation; Gas; Oils and fats; Petroleum Coaling stations Coast artillery see Artillery Coast changes See also Erosion; Physical geography Coast defense See also Armor plate; Artillery; Mines, Submarine ; also names of countries, subhead Defenses Coast pilots see Pilot guides Coasting See also Tobogganing; \\inter sports Coats of arms see Devices ; Heraldry Cobalt See also Metals Cocaine See also Anesthetics; Narcotic habit Coccidae see Scale insects Cocoa See also Beverages ; Chocolate Cocoons See also Silkworms Refer from Meteorology Refer from Feeding and feeding stuffs; For- age plants; Grasses; liay Refer from Circus; Harlequins (s) Refer from Corporations; Societies Refer from Amusements; Carriages; Coach- ing (s) ; Driving; Horsemanship; Locomotion; Riding (s) ; Stage-coaches (s) ; Vehicles Refer from Anthracite coal (s) ; Bituminous coal (s) ; Carbon; Chemistry, Organic; P'uel ; Geology; Geology, Economic; Lignite; Min- eralogy Refer from Coal ; Mines and mineral resources Refer from Coal; Coal lands (s) ; Coal mines and mining; Geology, Economic Refer from Aniline colors (s) ; Chemistry, Technical; Coal; Coal-tar products; Color; Dyes and dyeing Refer from Chemistry, Technical; Coal; Commercial products; Distillation; Gas; Pe- troleum Refer from Coal; Navies; U. S. — Navy Refer from Erosion; Ocean; Physical geog- raphy; Seashore Refer from Armor plate; Defenses, Nation- al (s) ; Fortification; Harbor defense (s) ; Mili- tary art and science; Military engineering; Sea coast defense (s) ; U. S. — Defenses Refer from Sports; Tobogganing; Winter sports Refer from Metals Refer from Anesthetics; Narcotic habit Refer from Agricultural products; Agricul- ture — Tropics; Beverages; Chocolate Refer from Insects 83 Codes, Telegraphic, see Telegraph codes Codling moth Coeducation See also Education of women Coelenterata See also Corals and coral islands; Inver- tebrates Coffee See also Beverages Coffee-houses see Coffeehouses Coffeehouses See also names of cities, subhead Hotels, taverns, etc. Cofferdams See also Bridges — Foundations and piers ; Foundations; Piles and pile driving Cog-wheels see Gearing Cogwheels see Gearing Coherers See also Wireless telegraphy- Coiffure see Hairdressing Coinage See also Bimetallism; Gold (as money); Legal tender; Mints; Money; Silver (as money) Coins see Coinage; Numismatics Coke Cold See also Frost; Heat; Temperature Cold (disease) See also Bronchitis; Catarrh; Cough; Influenza; Respiratory organs — Diseases Cold storage See also Food preservation and preser\a- tives; Refrigeration and refrigerating ma- chinery Coleoptera see Beetles Collaboration Collecting see Collectors and collecting Collective bargaining see Labor unions; Trade agreements Collectivism see Communism; Socialism Collectors and collecting See also names of objects collected, e.g. Antiques; Autographs; Book collecting; Plants — Collection and preservation; Post- age stamps Collects see Prayer books; Prayers College athletics See also Athletics; Baseball; Basket- ball; Football; Rowing; School athletics; Track athletics College degrees see Degrees, Academic Refer from Fruit — -Diseases and pests; Moths Refer from Colleges and universities; Edu- cation; Education of women; Girls Refer from Corals and coral islands; ln\er- tebrates; Marine zoology; Polyps (s) Refer from Agricultural products; Agricul- ture — Tropics; Beverages; Cookery; Stimu- lants Refer from Coffee-houses (s) ; Hotels; Inns Refer from Bridges — Foundations and piers ; Civil engineering; Dams; Foundations; Hy- draulic engineering; Piles and pile driving Refer from Electric apparatus and applian- ces ; Electric waves ; Wireless telegraphy Refer from Bimetallism ;Bullion (s) ; Coins(s) ; Fiat money (s) ; Free coinage of silver (s) ; Gold (as money); Mints; Money; Numismat- ics; Silver (as money) Refer from Carbon; Coal; Fuel Refer from Climate; Freezing (s) ; Frost; Heat; Meteorology; Temperature Refer from Catarrh; Cough; Influen/.a; Medicine — Practice; Respiratory organs — - Diseases Refer from Eggs; Food preservation and preservatives; Meat; Preservation of food (s) ; Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery; Refrigerators (s) Refer from Authorship; Joint authorship (s) ; Literary collaboration (s) Refer from Art; Collecting (s) Refer from Athletics; Baseball; Basket-ball; College sports (s) ; P'ootball; Games; Inter- collegiate athletics (s) ; Physical education ; Rowing; School athletics; Sports; Sludcnl life; Track athletics College education, Value of See also Culture College entrance requirements College fraternities see Fraternities, College College gowns see Costume, Academic College libraries see Libraries, College College life see Student life College periodicals see Students' periodicals College plays College poetry see College verse College sermons College settlements see Social settlements College songs College sports see College athletics College stories See also School stories College students see Student life; Students College theatricals see College plays College verse College yells see Yells Colleges and universities See also Agricultural colleges; Class day; Classical education; Coeducation; Com- mencements; Costume, Academic; Cur- riculum; Degrees, Academic; Education; Education of women; Fraternities, College; Hazing; Medical colleges; Research; Schol- arships; Self-government (in education); Student life; Student volunteer movement; Students; Students' periodicals; Taxation, Exemption from; University extension; Vo- cational education; also headings beginning College — u. s. See also Education — U. S. ; National university for the U. S. Collisions (railroad) see Railroads — - Accidents Collisions at sea See also Admiralty; Rule of the road; Salvage; Shipwrecks; Signals; Wireless telegraphy Colloids See also Catalysis; Chemistry, Physical Collotype See also Heliotype ; Photomechanical processes Colonial architecture see Architecture, Colonial Colonial furniture see Furniture, Colonial Colonial history (U. S.) see U. S. — History — Colonial period Colonial life and customs See also Architecture, Colonial; Fu'^niture, Colonial; New England — Social life and customs ; U. S. — History — ■ Colonial period ; also names of the thirteen original states and their cities, subhead Social life and customs Colonial wars see U. S. — History — Colonial period Refer from Culture; Education; Education, Higher (s) ; Higher education (s) Refer from Entrance examinations (s) ; Examinations; High schools Refer from Amateur theatricals ; College theatricals (s) ; Drama Refer from Baccalaureate sermons (s) ; Ser- mons Refer from Drinking songs ; Student songs (s) ; Songs Refer from Fiction; School stories; Student life Refer from College poetry (s) ; Poetry Refer from Classical education; Education; Education, Higher (s) ; Higher education (s) ; Schools ; Student life ; Students ; Universities (s) Refer from Education — U. S. ; U. S. — Col- leges and universities (s) ; U. S. — Universi- ties (s) Refer from Accidents; Admiralty; Dis- asters; NIaritime law; Navigation; Ship- wrecks Refer from Catalysis; Chemistry, Physical; Solution (chemistry) Refer from Heliotype; Photography; Pho- tomechanical processes Refer from Frontier and pioneer life; New England — Social life and customs; U. S.— History — Colonial period U. S. — Social life and customs 85 Colonies and colonization See also Farm colonies; Frontier and pioneer life; Immigration and emigration; Imperialism; Military government; Penal colonies; also U. S. — -Insular possessions, and names of other countries, subhead Colonies Colonization see Colonies and colonization Colonization of negroes see Africa — Coloni- zation; Negroes — Colonization Colophons See also Title-pages Color See also Chromolithography ; Coal-tar colors; Dyes and dyeing; Indigo; Light; Painting; also headings beginning Color Color blindness See also Color sense Color of animals See also Albinos and albinism; Color cf insects; Mimicry (biology) Color of flowers See also Botany — Physiology; Color cf plants; Fertilization of plants Color of insects Color of man See also Albinos and albinism; Hair Color of plants See also Botany — Physiology; Color of flowers Color photography Color printing See also Chromolithography; Color pho- tography; Color prints Color prints Color sense See also Color blindness Colored people see Negroes Coloring of metals see Metal coloring Colportage see Bible — Publication and dis- tribution; Tracts Columns .SVi? also Architecture; Orders of architec- ture; Strength of materials Combat, Trial by, see Wager of battle Combination, Industrial See also Employers' associations; Labor unions; Restraint of trade; Trusts Refer from Colonization (s) ; Dependen- cies (s) ; Frontier and pioneer life ; Government ; History; Immigration and emigration; Im- perialism ; Sociology Refer from Books; Cataloging; Incunabula; Printing; Title-pages Refer from Chemistry; Chromatics (s) ; Dyes and dyeing; Esthetics; Light; Paint; Painting; Painting, Mechanical; Photometrj- ; Pig- ments (s) Refer from Blind; Color sense; Dalton- ism (s) ; Eye — Diseases and defects; Light; Sight Refer from Animal coloration (s) ; Animals; Animals — Coloration (s) ; Biology ;_ Evolu- tion ; Metachrosis (s) ; Mimicry (biology); Pigmentation (s) ; Variation (biology) ; Zoology Refer from Botany; Botany — Physiology; Color of plants; Fertilization of plants; Flow- ers; Variation (biology) Refer from Color of animals; Insects; \'arla- tion (biology) Refer from Albinos and albinism; Anthro- pology; Complexion (s) ; Ethnology; Evolu- tion; Face; Man; Negroes; Physiology; Pig- mentation (s) ; Skin; Yellow races Refer from Biology; Botany — Physiology; Color of flowers; Evolution; Plants; Plants — ■ Color (s) ; Variation (biology) Refer from Chromophotography (s) ; Color printing; Heliochromy (s) ; Photography; Photography, Color (s) Refer from Chromolithography; Engraving; Printing Refer from Chromolithography; Color print- ing; Engravings Refer from Color blindness; Psychology; Psychology, Comparative; Senses and sensa- tion; Sight; Vision (s) Refer from Architecture; Orders of architec- ture ; Pillars (s) Refer from Cartels (economics) (s) ; Competi- tion; Economics; Employers' associations; Industrial combination (s) ; Kartels (econom- ics) (s) ; Labor and capital; Labor unions; Restraint of trade; Trades combination (s) ; Trusts 86 Combustion See also Fire; Fuel; Heat; Mechanical draft; Smoke Comedians see Actors; Comedy Comedy See also Burlesques; Drama Comets See also Astronomy Comic histories Comic literature see Humor; Satire Comic operas see Operettas Commandments See also Bible — Old Testament — Exo- dus ; Mosaic law Commencements See also Class day Commentaries see Bible — Commentaries, and other subjects commented on Commerce See also Accounting; Advertising; Auc- tions; Balance of trade; Bankruptcy; Banks and banking; Boardsoftrade; Bookkeeping ; Booksellers and bookselling; Business; Busi- ness depression; Canals; Capital; Carriers; Communication; Competition; Consump- tion (economics); Contraband of war; Con- tracts; Cooperation; Corporations; Credit; Debt ; Economics ; Embargo laws ; Exchange ; Fairs; Finance; Food supply; Foreign ex- change; Freight; Fur trade; Gilds; Govern- ment regulation of industry; Grange; Han- seatic league; Harbors; Inland navigation; Insurance; Interest; International law; Interstate commerce; Labor unions; Loans; Manufactures; Maritime law; Marketing of farm produce ; Markets ; Merchants ; Money ; Monopolies; Navigation; Neutrality; Pack- ing for shipment; Panics; Partnership; Pawnbroking; Prices; Profit sharing; Pros- perity; Railroads; Reciprocity; Restraint of trade; Salesmanship; Shipping; Smuggling; Speculation ; Stamp duties ; Statistics ; Steam navigation; Stock exchange; Stocks; Sub- sidies; Success'; Tariff; Tariff question; Telegraph codes; Trade-marks; Trading companies; Transportation; Trust compa- nies; Trusts; Warehouses; Waterways; Weights and measures; also headings beginning Commercial, names of articles of commerce, names of countries, subheads Commerce and Industries and resources, and names of cities, subheads Business and Industries Commercial arithmetic see Arithmetic, Com-, mercial Comjnercial correspondence French Commercial courts Commercial crises see Business depression; Panics Commercial education see Business education Refer from Chemistry; Fire; Heat; Mechani- cal draft; Spontaneous combustion (s) Refer from Burlesques; Comedians (s) Drama ; Humor Refer from Astronomy Refer from History, Comic (s) ; Humor Refer from Bible; Bible — Old Testament — Exodus; Decalogue (s) ; Ethics; Mosaic law; Ten commandments (s) Refer from Colleges and universities; Gradua- tion (s) ; High schools Refer from Balance of trade; Business; Capital; Carriers; Communication; Consump- tion (economics); Economics; Exchange; Ex- portation (s) ; Exports (s) ; Finance; Foreign trade (s) ; Imports (s) ; Industrial arts; Manu- factures ; Merchandise (s) ; Merchants ; Money ; Navigation; Ocean; Railroads; Shipping; Tariff; Trade (s) ; Transportation Refer from Business correspondence (s) ; Business education ; Correspondence (s) ; Let- ter writing Refer from French language Refer from Commercial law; Courts 87 Commercial ethics see Business ctiiics Commercial geography See also Antliropogeography ; Commercial products; Manufactures; Natural resources; Transportation Commercial law See also Administrators and executors; Admiralty; Agency; Arbitration and con- ciliation, Industrial; Assignments; Attach- ment; Auditing; Bailments; Bankruptcy Brokers and factors; Business; Carriers Commercial courts; Competition; Consuls . Contracts; Conveyancing; Corporation law- Debt; Deeds; Exchange; Foreign exchange Forms (in law); Guaranties and sureties Insurance; Joint-stock companies; Landlord and tenant; Liens; Maritime law; Mort- gages; Negotiable instruments; Notaries; Partnership; Property; Real estate; Sale; Trust companies; Trustees; Trusts; aho subhead Law under various subjects, e.g. Banks and banking — Law Commercial paper see Negotiable instruments Commercial products See also Agricultural products; Animal products; Coal-tar products; Commercial geography; Forest products; Manufactures; Natural resources; also names of individual products, e.g. Asphalt, Petroleum ; and names of countries, subhead Industries and resour- ces Commercial ratings see Credit guides Commercial schools see Business education Commercial travelers See also Peddlers and peddling; Salesman- ship Commercial treaties See also Reciprocity; Tariff; also names of countries, subhead Treaties Commission government see Municipal gov- ernment — Commission plan Committees See also Legislati\e bodies; Parliamen'ary practice Common carriers see Carriers Common lands see Commons Common law See also Law, and references under that subject Common schools see Public schools Common sense Commonplace books Commons See also Mark (land); Parks; \'acant lot cultivation; Village communities Commonwealth of England see England — History — Civil war and commonwealth Commune, Paris, see France — History — Third republic, 1870-; Paris — History — Siege and commune Refer jrom Commercial products; Economic geography (s) ; Geography; Geography, Com- mercial (s) ; Geography, Economic (s) ; Natural resources Refer from Admiralty ; Agency ; Assignments ; Bailments; Bankruptcy; Business; Business education ; Business law (s) ; Carriers ; Consuls ; Contracts; Corporation law; Debt; Forms (in law); Guaranties and sureties; Law; Aler- cantile law (s) ; Merchants; Negotiable in- struments; Partnership; Sale Refer from Agricultura products; Animal products; Commercial gcograph)-; Forest products; Natural resources; Products, Com- mercial (s) ; Raw materials (,s) Refer from Agents (s) ; Business; Drum- mers (s) ; Alerchants ; Salesmanship ; Salesmen, Traveling (s) ; Traveling salesmen (s) ; Travel- ers Refer from Fa\'ored nation clause (s) ; Most favored nation clause (s) ; Reciprocity; Tariff; Treaties Refer from Legislative bodies; Parliamentary practice Refer from Law Refer from Judgment; Ps_\-chology Refer from Literature Refer from Common lands (s) ; Land tenure Parks 88 Communication See also Carriers ; Commerce ; Newspapers ; Postal service; Printing; Railroads; Tele- graph; Telegraph codes; Telephone; Trans- portation; Waterways; Wireless telegraphy Communion see Close communion; Lord's supper Communism 6V,? also Anarchism and anarchists; Har- monists; Individualism; Land nationaliza- tion; Shakers; Socialism; Tribes and tribal system; Village communities; also names of communities, e.g. Brook Farm Communities see Communism; Village com- munities; also names of communities Commutators See also Dynamos; Electric motors Comparative anatomy see Anatomy, Compara- tive Comparative morphology see Anatomy, Com- parative; Morphology Comparative mythology see Mythology Comparative philology see Language — Com- parative philology Comparative physiology see Physiology, Com- parative Comparative psychology, see Psychology, Com- parative Comparative religion see Religions Compass See also Magnetism, Terrestrial Compassion see Sympathy Compensation see Bounties; Damages; Em- ployers' liability; Indemnity; Pensions; Rewards (prizes, etc.); Salaries; Wages Competition See also Combination, Industrial; De- partment stores; Monopolies; Supply and demand ; Trusts Competitive examinations see Civil service examinations; Examinations Complexion see Beauty, Personal ; Color of man ; Cosmetics Composers see Musicians Composing machines see Typesetting machines Composite photography see Photography, Composite Composition (art) See also Art; Painting; Proportion (art) Composition (English) See also Letter writing; Rhetoric Composition (music) See also Canon (music) ; Counterpoint ; Fugue; Harmony; Instrumentation and orchestration; Melody; Music; Musical accompaniment Composition (printing) see Typesetting Refer from Carriers; Commerce; Economics; Transportation Refer from Collectivism (s) ; Communities(s) ; Cooperation; Economics; Government; Individualism; Labor and laboring classes; Land nationalization ; Profit sharing ; Property ; Socialism; Socialistic communities (s) ; So- ciology; Village communities Refer from Armatures; Dynamos; Electric machinery; Electric motors; Electromagnets Refer from Declination of the compass (s) ; Magnetic needle (s) ; Magnetism ; Magnetism, Terrestrial; Mariner's compass (s) ; Naviga- tion; Surveying instruments; Variation of the compass (s) Refer from Business; Business ethics; Com- merce; Commercial law; Economics; Monopo- lies; Supply and demand; Trusts Refer from Art; Painting; Proportion (art) Refer from Composition (rhetoric) (s) ; English composition (s) ; English language; English language — Composition (s) ; Rhetoric Refer from Music; Music composition (s) Theory; Musical 89 Composition (rhetoric) see Composition (Eng- lish) ; Letter writing; Rhetoric; also names of languages other than English, e.g. Ger- man language — Composition Compressed air Hee also Air compressors; Caisson disease; Pneumatic tubes; Vacuum cleaning systems Compressed air disease see Caisson disease Compressibility i^ee also Elasticity ; Matter Compromise Compulsory education See also Child labor; Illiteracy; School attendance; School laws; Truancy Compulsory insurance see Insurance, State and compulsory Concentration see Attention Concentration camps See also South African war, 1899-1902 Concentration of schools see Schools — Cen- tralization Concert halls see Music halls Concerts Conchology see Mollusks Conciliation, Industrial, see Arbitration and conciliation, Industrial Concordances see Bible — Concordances, and names of authors to whose works concord- ances have been made Concrete See also Asphalt; Building materials; Cement; Concrete, Reinforced; Concrete construction; Concrete pottery; Masonry; Pavements; Stone, Artificial Reinforced See also Building materials; Concrete; Concrete construction Concrete construction See also Concrete, Reinforced; I'ireproof construction Concrete pottery Concrete steel see Concrete, Reinforced Concretions See also Geology Condemnation of land see Eminent domain Condemned books see Prohibited books Condensation See also Atmospheric nuclcation Condensers (electricity) See also Electrostatics Condensers (steam) See also Sleani engines Condiments See also Salt; Spices Refer from Air ; Air compressors ; Air engines ; Caissons; Foundations; Motors; Pneumatic transmission (s) ; Pneumatic tubes; Power; Power transmission Refer from Hydrostatics; Matter; Physics Refer from Ethics; Political ethics Refer from Child labor; Education; Educa- tion, Compulsory (s) ; School attendance; School laws Refer from Camps (military) ; Military art and science; Prisoners of war Refer fro 1 Music Amusements; EntertainniLnts : Refer from Beton (s) ; Building materials ; Cement; Concrete, Reinforced; Foundations; Masonry; Pavements; Stone, Artificial Refer from Armored concrete (s) ; Building materials; Concrete; Concrete construction; Concrete steel (s) ; Ferro-concrete (s) ; Rein- forced concrete (s) ; Steel construction Refer from Architecture; Building; Con- crete; Concrete, Reinforced; Fireproof con- struction; Steel construction Refer from Concrete; Garden ornaments and furniture; Pottery Refer from Geology Refer from Atmospheric nucleation ; Chemis- try ; Physics Refer from Electric apparatus and appliances ; P'lectric condensers (s) ; Electrostatics; Induc- tion coils Refer from Steam; Steam engines Refer from Food; Salt; Spices 90 Conduct of life See also Altruism; Ambition; Asceticism; Avarice; Boys; Business ethics; Character; Charity; Cheerfulness; Children; Christian life and character; Citizenship; Conversa- tion; Courage; Courtesy; Culture; Duty; Eccentricity; Egoism; Ethics; Etiquet; Ex- travagance; Friendship; Gentlemen; Girls; Habit ; Honesty ; Idleness ; Justice; Kindness; Leisure; Life; Loyalty; Obedience; Oppor- tunity; Patience; Patriotism; Popularity; Procrastination; Prudence; Self-control; Self-culture; Self-denial; Self-reliance; Self- respect; Selfishness; Simple life; Solitude; Spiritual life; Standard of living; Success; Temperance ; Thrift ; Virtue ; Work ; Worry ; Young men; Young women; Youth Conducting (music) See also Bands (music); Choirs; Oiches- tras Conductivity, Electric, see Electric conduc- tivity Conductors, Electric, see Electric conductors Conduits see Aqueducts Confectionery See also Chocolate; Ices Confederacies see Federal government Confession See also Absolution; Penance; Sin Confessions of faith see Creeds Confirmation See also Church membership; Lord's supper Conf scation Conflagrations see Fires Confucianism See also Ancestor worship; Buddhism; China — Religion ; Taoism Congregationalism See also Antinomianism ; Baptists ; Brown- ists ; Calvinism; Church polity; Dissenters; Friends, Society of; New England — Reli- gious history; Orthodoxy; Presbyterlanism ; Puritans; Unltarianism ; Unlversalism Congress, U. S., see U. S. — Congress Congresses see names of bodies holding con- gresses; or, when not held by any named body, see name of congress, if distinctive, otherwise name of place of meeting Conic sections See also Curves; Ellipse; Geometry, Analytic; Mathematics Conjuring See also Conjurors ; Magic ; Medicine men ; Voodooism; Witchcraft Conjurors Connecticut Reserve see Western Reserve _ liefer from Behavior (s) ; Character; Chris- tian life and character; Duty; Ethics; Ethics, Practical (s) ; Life; Practical ethics (s) ; Self- lielp (s); Success; Young men; Young women Refer from Bands (music); Choirs; Orches- tras Refer from Candy (s) ; Cookery; Manu- factures; Sugar Refer from Absolution; Auricular confes- sion (s) ; Catholic church; Church discipline; Church polity; Penance; Repentance; Sin; Theology Refer from Church membership; Church of England; Church polity; Protestant Episcopal church in the U. S. ; Rites and ceremonies; Sacraments; Theology Refer from International law; Law; Property Refer from Ancestor worship; China — Re- ligion ; Religions Refer from Baptists; Brownlsts ; Calvinism; Church polity; Dissenters; Independents (church polity) (s) ; New England — Religious history; Orthodoxy; Puritans; Sects Refer from Curves; Ellipse; Geometry; Geometry, Analytic; Mathematics Refer from Amusements; Illusions and hallucinations; Juggling (s) ; Legerdemain (s) ; Magic; Necromancy (s) ; Prestidigitation (s) ; Sleight of hand (s) Refer from Biography; Conjuring 91 Consanguinity Si'f also Deaf and dumb; Degeneration; Epilepsy; Family; Idiocy; Insanity; Marriage Conscience See also Christian ethics; Liberty of con- science Consciousness St'e also Automatism; Knowledge; Per- ception; Personality; Psychology; Reaction time; Senses and sensation; Subconscious- ness Conscription See also Draft riot, 1863 ; Military service; Recruiting and enlistment Consecration of churches see Church dedication Conservation of energy see Force and energy Conservation of resources See also Forests and forestry; Mines and mineral resources; Natural resources; Reclamation of land; Water power Conservatories see Greenhouses Consolation Consolidation of schools see Schools — Cen- tralization Conspiracies See also Assassination; Gunpowder plot; Popish plot Constables See also Arrest; Police Constants see Units Constellations see Astronomy; Stars Constitutional history See also Aristocracy; Cabinet system; Constitutions; Democracy; also names of countries and states, subhead Constitution Constitutional law See also Amendments (parliamentary practice); Civil rights; Constitutions; Democracy; Eminent domain; Executive power; Federal government; Government; Habeas corpus; Injunctions; Jurisdiction; Jury; Legislative. bodies; Monarchy; Natural law; Police power; Proportional representation; Referendum; Representa- tive government and representation; Re- publics; Sovereignty; Suffrage Constitutions See also Constitutional history; Constitu- tional law; Government; Representative government and representation; also names of countries and states, subhead Constitution Apostolic, see Apostolic constitutions State S^^ a/jo State governments ; also names of states, subhead Constitution Construction see Architecture; P>uilding; Engineering Consular ser\ice see Consuls; Diplomatic and consular service Refer from Ethnology; Eugenics; Heredity; Kinship (s) ; Marriage; Relationship (s) ; Tribes and tribal system Refer from Cases of conscience (s) ; Casuis- try (s) ; Christian ethics; Duty; Ethics; Reli- gion ; Theology Refer from Automatism; Metaphysics; Per- sonality; Psychology Refer from Drafting, Military (s) ; Military art and science; Military service; Recruiting and enlistment Refer from Forests and forestry; Natural resources; Resources (s) Refer from Affliction; Death; Devotional exercises; Religion; Suffering Refer from Crime and criminals; Criminal law; History Refer from Arrest; Law; Police; I'own officers Refer from Constitutions; Government; History; History, Constitutional (s) Refer from Ci\il rights; Constitutions; Eminent domain; Executive power; Govern- ment; Habeas corpus; Jurisdiction; jur}.-; Law ; Police power ; Representative government and representation; Sovereignt\' ; L'. S. — Constitution Refer from Constitutional history; ConstI tutional law; (kn-ernmcnt ; Law Refer from State constitutions (s) ; State governments; States (U. S.) ; U. S. — Consti- tution 92 Consuls See also Commercial law; Diplomacy; Dipiomalic and consular ser\'ice; Exterri- toriality; also names of countries, subhead Diplomatic and consular service Consumers" leagues See also Sweating system Consumption see Tuberculosis Consumption (economics) See also Commerce ; Economics ; Industry ; Prices ; Supply and demand Contact action see Catalysis Contagion and contagious diseases See also Bacteriology; Disinfection and disinfectants; Epidemics; Flies; Fumiga- tion; Germ theory of disease; Immunity; Inoculation; Insects as carriers of conta- gion ; Mosquitoes ; Putrefaction ; Quarantine ; Rats as carriers of contagion; Vaccination; also names of diseases, e.g. Black death; Cholera, Asiatic; Diphtheria; Measles; Plague; Scarlet fever; Smallpox; Typhoid fever; Yellow fever Contagious diseases see Contagion and con- tagious diseases Contemporaries see Biography Contentment See also Cheerfulness ; Happiness Continents See also Physical geography Continuation schools see Evening and con- tinuation schools Continuous current machinery see Electric machinery Contraband of war See also Neutrality; Trent affair, l86l Contract labor See also Coolies; Indentured servants; Padrone system ; Peonage Contractions see Abbreviations; Ciphers Contracts See also Agency ;- Assignments ; Bailments ; Bonds; Building — Contracts and specifi- cations; Commercial law; Covenants; Debt; Deeds; Guaranties and sureties; Insurance; Master and servant; Mortgages; Negli- gence; Partnership; Sale; Trade agreements Contributory negligence see Negligence Controllers, Electric, see Electric controllers Conundrums see Riddles Convalescent homes Conventions see names of bodies holding con- ventions; or, when not held by any named body, see name of convention if distinctive, otherwise name of place of meeting; also names of countries and cities, subhead Con- ventions and public meetings Conventions, Political, see Political conven- tions Refer from Commercial law; Consular ser- vice (s); Diplomacy; Diplomatic and consular service; Diplomats; Exterritoriality; Inter- national law; International relations Refer from Boycott; Clothing; Food adul- teration and inspection; Hygiene, Public; Labor and laboring classes; Sweating system Refer from Commerce; Economics; Luxury; Supply and demand Refer from Contagious diseases (s) ; Diseas- es (s) ; Epidemics ; Hygiene, Public ; Immunity ; Infection and infectious diseases (s) ; Medicine ; Medicine — Practice; Pathology; Putrefac- tion ; Zymotic diseases (s) Refer from Ethics; Gladness (s) ; Happiness; Pleasure Refer from Geography; Physical geography Refer from Commerce; International law; Maritime law; Neutrality; Prizes (internation- al law) ; War Refer from Indentured servants; Labor and laboring classes; Padrone system; Peonage Refer from Agency; Agreements (s) ; Com- merce; Commercial law; Law Refer from Hospitals; Sanatoriums 93 Convents and nunneries See also Abbeys ; Monasteries ; Alonasli- cism; Nuns; Religious orders Conversation See also Table-talk Conversion See also Christian life and character; Evangelistic work; Grace (theolog}') ; Mis- sions ; Regeneration (theology) ; Repentance ; Revivals; Salvation Converters, Electric, see Electric current converters Conveyancing See also Deeds; Forms (in law); Land titles; Mortgages; Real estate; Torrens system Conveying machinery See also Cableways; Hoisting machinery; Mining machinery; Pneumatic tubes; Telpherage Conveyors see Conveying machinery Convict labor See also Prisons Conviction see Belief; Certainty Convicts see Convict labor; Crime and crim- inals; Discharged prisoners; Penal colonies; Prisons Cook books see Cookery Cookbooks see Cookery Cookery . See also Aladdin oven; Baking; Baking powder; Bread; Breakfasts; Cake; Canning and preserving; Car\'ing (meat, etc.) ; Cater- ing; Cereals, Prepared; Chafing dish; Coffee ; Confectionery ; Cookery for the sick ; Cooking schools; Desserts; Diet; Dinners and dining; Fireless cookers; Fish as food; Flavoring extracts ; Food ; Home economics ; Kitchen; Luncheons; Menus; Ovens; Pas- try; Salads; Sandwiches; Sauces; Soup; Table ; Yeast Eggs Meat Mushrooms Vegetables Cookery for the sick See also Diet Cooking see Cookery Cooking schools Coolies See also Labor and laboring classes — China; Labor and laboring classes — India Cooling appliances see Refrigeration and re- frigerating machinery Cooperage Cooperation See also Benefit societies; Brook Farm; Building and loan associations ; Communism ; Refer from Abbeys; Catholic church; Church history; Church property; Cloisters (s) ; Monasteries; Monasticism; Nunneries (s) ; Nuns; Sisterhoods Refer from Conduct of life; Etiquet; Lan- guage; Rhetoric; Self-culture; Society; Speech; Talking (s) Refer from Christian life and character; Evangelistic work; Missions; Regeneration (theology) ; Religious experience (s) ; Repent- ance; Revivals; Salvation; Theology Refer from Commercial law; Deeds; Forms (in law); Land titles; Land transfer (s) ; Law; Property; Real estate; Sale; Torrens system Refer from Cableways ; Conveyors (s) ; Hoist- ing machinery ; Machinery ; Mining machinery ; Telpherage Refer from Convicts (s) ; Crime and crim- inals; Labor and laboring classes; Prison la- bor (s) ; Prisons Refer from Baking; Bread; Breakfasts; Canning and preserving; Carving (meat, etc.); Chemistry, Household; Cook books (s) ; Cook- books (s) ; Cooking (s) ; Desserts; Diet; Dinners and dining; Domestic arts; Eating; Food; Gastronomy (s) ; Home economics; Industrial arts; Kitchen; Luncheons; Pastry; Receipts; Recipes (s) ; Salads; Sauces; Soup; Table Refer from Eggs Refer from Meat Refer from Mushrooms Refer from Vegetables Refer from Cookery; Diet; Food for inva- lids (s) ; Invalid cookery (s) ; Nurses and nursing Refer from Cookery Refer frovi Contract labor; Labor and labor- ing classes Refer from Barrels (s) ; Casks (s) ; Manu- factures ; Staves (s) Refer from Association (s) ; Commerce; Cooperative stores (s) ; Economics; Labor and 94 Cooperative agriculture; Cooperative house- keeping; Labor unions; Profit sharing; Sav- ings banks; Socialism Cooperative agriculture Cooperati\'e banks see Building and loan associations Cooperative building associations see Building and loan associations Cooperative housekeeping Cooperative stores see Cooperation Coordinate geometry see Geometry, Analytic Copper See also Brass; Bronze; Copper mines and mining; Coppersmithing ; Metals Copper age See also Archaeology; Bronze age Copper mines and mining Coppersmithing See also Arts and crafts; Metal coloring Coptic church See also Eastern churches; Egypt — Re- ligion Coptic language See also African languages; Hamitic languages Copyright See also Authorship ; Books ; Booksellers and bookselling; Publishers and publishing; Titles of books Corals and coral islands See also Cuelenterata Cordage See also Fibers ; Knots and splices ; Rope Corn See also Feeding and feeding stuffs; Grain Com laws Corners, Commercial, see Monopolies; Specu- lation; Stock exchange; Trusts Cornices See also Architecture Cornish language See also Celtic languages Coronations See also Crowns Coroners Corporal punishment See also Flogging; School management Corporation law See also Commercial law; Municij^al law; Railroads — Law; Trusts capital; Labor and laboring classes; Labor unions; Profit sharing; Rochdale system (s) ; Socialism; Sociology Refer from Agriculture; Cooperation Refer from Cooperation; Home economics; Housekeeping (s) Refer from Metals; Sheet-metal work Refer from Archaeology; Bronze age Refer from Copper; Mines and mineral re- sources Refer from Arts and crafts; Copper; Metal coloring; Metal work Refer from Eastern churches; Egj'pt — Religion; Greek church Refer from African languages; Egyptian language; Hamitic languages Refer from Authors; Authorship; Books; Booksellers and bookselling; Intellectual property (s) ; International copyright (s) ; Law; Literary property (s) ; Literature; Play- right (s) ; Property ; Property, Intellectual (s) ; Publishers and publishing Refer from Coelenterata ; Islands Refer from Hemp; Rope Refer from Feeding and feeding stuffs; Forage plants ; Grain ; Indian corn (s) ; Maize(s) Refer from Agricultural laws; Agriculture; Economics; England — Economic conditions; Food supply; Tariff; Tariff — England Refer from Architecture Refer from Celtic languages Refer from Crowns; Monarchy; Pageants; Rites and ceremonies Refer from County officers ; Death ; Inquests, Coroners' (s) ; Law; Local government Refer from Children — Management; Flog- ging; Punishment; Rod, The (s) ; School management; Teaching; Whipping (s) Refer frorti Commercial law; Corporations; Government regulation of industry; Law; Municipal law; Trusts 95 Corporations See also Bankruptcy; Bonds; Building and loan associations; Clubs; Corporation law; Gilds; Government ownership; Invest- ments; Joint-stock companies; Alunicipal corporations; Promoting; Public service corporations; Publicity; Receivers; Stocks; Trust companies ; Trusts Taxation Corpulence Correlation of forces see Force and energy Correspondence see Commercial correspond- ence; Letter writing; Letters; Reporting; War correspondence Correspondence schools and courses Corrosion and anti-corrosives See also Paint; Waterproofing Corrupt practices at elections see Elections; Political corruption Corruption in politics see Political corruption Corsairs see Pirates Corundum See also Abrasives Cosmetics See also Beauty, Personal; Make-up, Theatrical; Perfumery; Toilet Cosmogony see Universe Cosmography see Universe Cosmology'jc^ Universe Cossacks See also Russia — History Cost See also Prices ; Value Cost accounting See also Accounting Cost of living See also Prices; Rent; Standard of living Thrift; Wages Costs See also Pleading and practice Costume See also Boots and shoes; Church vest- ments; Clothing; Cosmetics; Dandies; Dress reform; Dressmaking; Fans; Fashion; Gloves; Hairdressing ; Hats; Headgear; Hosiery; Jewelry; Livery; Masks (for the face); Millinery; Perfumery; Regalia; Shawls; Toilet; Umbrellas; Uniforms — — Academic Refer from Associations (s) ; Bonds; Busi- ness; Capitalization (finance) (s) ; Charters; Commerce; Finance; Government regulation of industry; Joint-stock companies; Partner- ship; Promoting; Societies; Stock compa- nies (s) ; Stocks; Trusts Refer from Franchise taxation (s) ; Taxation Refer from Fat (s) ; Food; Obesity (s) Refer from Education; Home education; Schools; Self-culture; Technical education; University extension Refer fro tn Anti-corrosive paint (s) ; Chemis- try, Technical; Electrolysis; Iron; Metal corrosion (s) ; Metal protection (s) ; Metals; Paint; Rust (s) ; Rustless coatings (s) ; Steel; Steel construction; Waterproofing Refer from Abrasives Refer from Beauty, Personal ; Complexion (s) ; Costume; Face; Alake-up, Theatrical ; Toilet Refer fro 7 History Ethnology — Russia ; Russia — Refer from Economics; \'alue Refer from Accounting; Bookkeeping; Fac- tory costs (s) ; Factory management ; Manu- factures ; Scientific management Refer from Economics ; Food ; Home econom- ics; Household expenses (s) ; Labor and laboring classes; Living, Cost of (s) ; Living expenses (s) ; Poor; Price of food (s) ; Prices; Social problems; Standard of living; Thrift; Wages Refer from Actions at law; Law; Pleading and practice Refer from Archaeology; Art; Beauty, Per- sonal ; Church vestments ; Clothing ; Dress (s) ; Ethnology; Fancy dress (s) ; Fans; Fashion; Gloves; Hairdressing; Hats; Headgear; Man- ners and customs; Masquerades; Millinery; Regalia ; Style (in dress) (s) ; Toilet ; Uniforms ; Women Refer from Academic costume (s) ; Cap and gown (s) ; Caps and gowns (s) ; College gowns (s) ; Colleges ami uni\crsities ; Hoods, Academic (s) 96 Costume — Continued Military, see Arms and armor; Uniforms — u. s. Cotillion See also Balls (parties) ; Dancing Cottages See also Architecture, Domestic; Bunga- lows; Country houses; Log cabins Cotton See also Dyes and dyeing; Fibers; Khaki; Mercerization ; Textile industry and fabrics; \\'ca\-ing Cultivation and manufacture See also Cotton famine, 1861-1864; Textile factories; Textile industry and fabrics Diseases and pests See also Boll weevil Cotton-boll weevil see Boll weevil Cotton famine, 1861-1864 Cotton growing see Cotton — Cultivation and manufacture Cotton manufacture see Cotton — - Cultiva- tion and manufacture Cotton mills see Cotton — Cultivation and manufacture; Textile factories Cotton pests see Cotton — Diseases and pests Cough See also Bronchitis; Cold (disease); Re- spiratory organs — Diseases Councils and synods See also Church history; also special councils and s}'nods, e.g. Vatican council Counterfeits See also Antiques, Forged; Art forgeries; Bank notes; Forgery; Imposture; Money Counterpoint See also Canon (music); Fugue Counter-reformation See also Catholic church — History; Jes- uits; Reformation; Thirty years' war Counting out Country houses See also Architecture, Domestic; Bunga- lows; Cottages; Farm buildings Country life See also Camping; City and country; Farm life; Gardening; Hunting; Outdoor life; Pastoral poetry; Peasantry; Simple life ; Sports Country schools See also Schools — Centralization Refer from U. S. — Costume (s) ; U. S. — Social life and customs Refer from Balls (parties); Dancing; Ger- man (dance) (s) Refer from Architecture, Domestic; Archi- tecture, Rural (s) ; Country houses; Rural architecture (s) ; Summer cottages (s) ; Villas (s) Refer from Agricultural products; Agricul- ture — Tropics; Fibers; Textile industry and fabrics ; Yarn Refer from Cotton growing (s) ; Cotton manu- facture (s) ; Cotton mills (s) ; Textile industry and fabrics Refer from Agricultural pests; Boll wee\-il ; Cotton pests (s) ; Insects, Injurious and bene- ficial ; Plants — Diseases Refer from Cotton — Cultivation and manu- facture A Refer from Bronchitis ; Cold (disease) ; Lungs ; Respiratory organs — Diseases Refer from Catholic church — Councils (s) ; Catholic church — History; Church coun- cils (s) ; Church history; Church law; Church polity; Ecumenical councils (s) ; Fathers of the church ; Synods (s) Refer from Bank notes; Crime and criminals; Forgery; P'raud ; Imposture; Money Refer from Canon (music) ; Composition (music); Harmony; Music; Music — Theory Refer from Anti-reformation (s) ; Catholic church — History; Reformation Refer from Folklore; Games; Nursery rhymes Rrfer from Architecture, Domestic; Archi- tecture, Rural (s) ; Cottages; Farm houses (s) ; Rural architecture (s) ; Suburban houses (s) ; Summer cottages (s) ; Villas (s) Refer from City and country; Farm life; Outdoor life; Rural life (s) ; Simple life Refer from District schools (s) ; Education; P^ducation, Elementary ;-Public schools ; Rural schools (s) ; Schools 97 County officers See also Coroners; Local government; Sheriffs County option see Local option Coup d'etat of 1851 see France — History — Coup d'etat Couplings see Car couplings Courage See also Heroes Courses of study see Curriculum; Study clubs Coursing See also Hares Court fools see Fools Court life see Courts and courtiers Courtesy See also Etiquet Courtiers see Courts and courtiers Courts See also Admiralty; Appeal; Chancery; Commercial courts; Courts martial; Judges; Jurisdiction; Jury; Juvenile courts; Law; Moot courts; Pleading and practice; Pro- bate law and practice; Trials; Vigilance committees ; also names of countries and cities, subhead Courts Municipal Courts and courtiers See also Diplomatic memoirs; Kings and rulers; Precedence; Princes and princesses; Queens and empresses; also names of coun- tries, subhead Court and courtiers Courts martial See nlso Military law Courts of love See also Troubadours Courtship See also Love ; Marriage Covenanters See also Church of Scotland ; Presbyterian- ism ; Reformation — Scotland; Scotland — Religious history Covenants Cover crops Cover design see Book covers Covetousness see Avarice Cow see Cows Cowboys See also Ranch life Cows See also Cattle; Dairying; Horns; Milk; Milking Cradle songs see Lullabies Crafts see Arts and crafts; Handicraft; In- dustrial arts Cranes, derricks, etc. See also Hoisting machinery Craniology see Skull Cranks (machinery) Refer from Law; Local government Refer from Bravery (s) ; Conduct of life; Ethics; Fear; Heroes; Heroism (s) ; Valor (s) Refer from Hares; Hunting; Sports Refer from Conduct of life; Ethics; Etiquet; Gentlemen; Manners (s) ; Politeness (s) Refer from Judiciary (s) ; Jurisdiction; Law; Pleading and practice Refer from Municipal corporations; Munici- pal courts (s) ; Police courts (s) ; U. S. — Courts Refer from Court life (s) ; Courtiers (s) ; Etiquet; Kings and rulers; Monarchy; Princes and princesses; Queens and empresses; Society Refer from Courts; Martial law; Military law; Military trials (s) ; Trials Refer frotn Chivalry; Love, Courts of (s) Refer from Love; Marriage Refer from Church history — Modern; Church of Scotland; Presbyterianism ; Ref- ormation — Scotland ; Scotland — Religious history Refer from Church membership; Church polity ; Contracts Refer from Agriculture Refer from Cattle; Frontier and pioneer life; Live stock; Ranch life; Western states Refer from Cattle; Cow (s) ; Dairying; Do- mestic animals; Live stock; Milk Refer from Derricks (s) ; Hoisting machinery; Machinery Refer from Machinery 98 Crayon drawing See also Pastel Cream See also Dairy products; Dairying; Milk Cream separators See also Dairying Creameries See also Dairying Creation See also Bible — Old Testament — Gene- sis ; Earth; Evolution; Geology; God; Man — Origin and antiquity; Mythology; Re- ligion and science; Teleology; Theology; Universe Creches Credit See also Agricultural credit; Banks and banking; Credit guides; Debt; Debts, Public; Instalment plan; Loans; Money; Negotiable instruments Credit foncier see Agricultural credit Credit guides Creeds See also Apostles' creed; Athanasian creed; Catechisms; Nicene creed; also names of churches, sects, etc., subhead Catechisms and creeds Cremation See also Urn burial Creoles Crests see Heraldry Cretaceous period see Geology, Stratigraphic — Cretaceous ; Paleontology — Cretaceous Cribbage See also Cards Cricket (game) Cries see Battle cries ; Street cries ; Yells Crime and criminals See also Adulterations; Adultery; Alco- holism ; Anarchism and anarchists; Anthro- pometry; Assassination; Bertillon system; Bribery; Brigands and robbers; Burglary; Capital punishment; Conspiracies; Convict labor; Counterfeits; Criminal law; Dacoits; Defectives; Degeneration; Detectives; Dis- charged prisoners; Education and crime; Embezzlement ; Extradition ;P'orgery ;Fraud ; Gambling; Graft; Heredity; Identification; Indeterminate sentence; Infanticide; Ju- venile delinquency; Kidnapping; Larceny; Lotteries; Lynch law; Mafia; Murder; Mutiny; Outlaws; Pardon; Parole; Penal colonies; Perjury; Pirates; Police; Political olTcnses; Prisons; Probation system; Pros- titution; Punishment; Reformatories ; Reg- icides ; Riots ; Smuggling ; Suicide ; Swindlers and swindling; Thieves; Thugs; Tramps; Treason; Trials; Vice; Vigilance commit- tees; Women — Crime; Workhouses; also names of cities, sub-head Crime and criminals Refer from Drawing; Portraits Refer from Dairy products; Dairying; Milk Refer from Dairying; Milk; Separators, Cream (s) Refer from Dairying Refer from Bible ; Bible — Old Testament — Genesis; Earth; Earth — Age; Evolution; Geology; God; Man; Man — -Origin and antiquity; Natural religion; Philosophy; Re- ligion and science; Teleology; Theology; Universe Refer from Charities; Children — Charities, protection, etc.; Day nurseries (s) ; Nurseries, Day (s) Refer from Banks and banking; Bills of credit (s) ; Bills of exchange (s) ; Business; Commerce; Debt; Economics; Finance; Mon- ey ; Speculation Refer from Commercial ratings (s) ; Credit Refer from Belief; Catechisms; Church history; Church membership; Confessions of faith (s) ; Faith ; Symbolics (s) ; Symbolism (theology) (s) ; Theology Refer from Burial; Burning the dead (s) ; Death; Hygiene, Public; Mortuary customs(s) Refer from Latin races; Louisiana; Southern states Refer from Cards Refer from Ball (s) ; Games Refer from Anthropology; Biography; Con- victs (s) ; Criminal anthropology (s) ; Criminal law ; Criminals (s) ; Criminology (s) ; Dangerous classes (s) ; Defectives; Degeneration; Depen- dent classes (s) ; Ethics; Felony (s) ; Govern- ment; Identification; Immorality (s) ; Law; Outlaws; Police; Prisons; Punishment; Sin; Social problems ; Sociology ; Vice 99 Crime and criminals — Continued U. S. See also Prisons — U. S. Crimean war See also Europe — History — 1 789- ; Rus- sia — History ; Turkey — History Criminal anthropology see Crime and criminals Criminal law See also Arrest; Bail; Capital punishment; Conspiracies ;Crime and criminals ; Evidence ; Extradition; Indeterminate sentence; Jury; Juvenile courts; Law; Ordeals; Perjury; Prisons; Probation system; Punishment; Trials; Vigilance committees; also special crimes, e.g. Assault, Murder Criminals see Crime and criminals Criminology see Crime and criminals Crises, Commercial, see Business depression; Panics Critical philosophy See also Philosophy, German Criticism See also Art — Criticism; Bible — Criti- cism and interpretation; Book reviews; Esthetics; Literature — History and criti- cism; Music — History and criticism; Rhet- oric; also names of literatures, subhead History and criticism Crocheting See also Fancy work Crockery see Pottery Cromlechs Crop reports see Agriculture — Statistics; Agriculture — [country subhead] — Statistics Crop rotation see Rotation of crops Crops See also Agricultural products; Agricul- ture; Agriculture — Statistics; Rotation of crops; also names of special crops, e.g. Root crops Croquet Cross See also Christian art and symbolism; Crucifixion; Swastika; Symbolism Cross-country running see Running Cross-examination see Witnesses Cross-ties see Railroads — Ties Crosses see Cross Crossings, Railroad, see Railroads — Crossings Croup See also Respiratory organs — Diseases Crowds See also Lynch law; Riots; Social psychol- Crown gall Crown lands see Public lands Refer from Prisons — U. S. ; U. S. — Crime and criminals (s) Refer from Eastern question (Near East); England — History — Victorian period; Eu- rope — History — 1789- ; France — History — Second empire; Russia — History; Russo- Turkish war, 1853-1856 (s) ; Turkey — History Refer from Crime and criminals; Law; Penal codes (s) ; Penal law (s) ; Punishment Refer from Kantianism (s) ; Philosophy; Philosophy, Critical (s) ; Philosophy, German Refer from Appraisal of books (s) ; Book re- views; Books — Appraisal (s) ; Esthetics; Evaluation of literature (s) ; Literary criti- cism (s) ; Literature; Literature — History and criticism ; Rhetoric Refer from Fancy work; Needlework Refer from Archaeology; Dolmens (s) ; Monuments; Tombs Refer from Agricultural products; Agricul- ture Refer from Games Refer from Archaeology; Christian art and symbolism; Crosses (s) ; Crucifixion; Jesus Christ; Legends; Symbolism; Theology Refer from Children — Diseases; Medicine — Practice; Respiratory organs — Diseases Refer from Mobs (s) ; Psychology; Social psychology ; Sociology Refer from Fruit — Diseases and pests; Fungi; Galls (botany) Crowns See also Coronations Crucifixion See also Cross ; Jesus Christ — Passion Cruelty See also Animals — Treatment Cruisers see Warships Crusades See also Children's crusade; Chi\'alry; Middle ages — History; Saracens Crusoe stories see Castaways Crustacea See also Arthropoda ; Trilobites Cr3rptogams See also Algae; Botan\-; Ferns; Fungi; Lichens ; Alosses Cryptography see Ciphers Crypts See also Tombs Crystal gazing Crystallization see Crystallograph}- Crystallography See also Alineralogy Cultivated plants see Plants, Cultivated Cultivating see Tillage Cultivation of vacant lots see Vacant lot culti- vation Culture See also Civilization; College education, Value of; Education; Humanism; Scholars; Self-cultuje Primitive, see Civilization — History Culverts See also Bridges Cumberland, Army of the, see Army of the Cumberland Cumberland road Cuneiform writing See also AssNrian language; Assyro-Baby- lonian literature Cup races see America's cup ; Yachts and yacht- ing Cupola furnaces See also Foundry work Cupping See also Bloodletting Curates see Clergy Curfew law Curling See also Winter sports Currency see Money Currents see Electric currents; Ocean currents; Winds Currents, Alternating, see Electric currents. Alternating Refer from Coronations; Regalia Refer from Cross; Punishment Refer from Ethics Refer from Children's crusade; Chivalry; Church history — Middle ages; History; Mid- dle ages — History; Saracens Refer from Artfiropod2i; Invertebrates; Ma- rine zoology; Trilobites Refer from Algae; Botany; Bryophytes (s) ; Ferns; Fungi; Lichens; Mosses Refer from Church architecture; Tombs Refer from Divination; Fortune telling; Occult sciences Refer from Chemistry; Chemistry. Physi- cal; Crystallization (s) ; Groups, Theory of; Mineralogy Refer from Civilization; College education. Value of; Conduct of life; Education; Learn- ing (s) ; Scholars; Scholarship (s) Refer from Arches; Bridges; Hydraulic engineering; Railroads — Construction Refer from National road (s) ; Roads U. S.; Middle states Refer from Alphabet; Assyrian language; Assyro-Babylonian literature; Inscriptions; Writing Refer from Blast furnaces; Foundry work; Furnaces; Tuyeres (s) Refer from Bloodletting; Therapeutics Refer from Children — Law Refer from Games; Winter sports Curriculum See also Classical education; Overpressure (education) ; Vocational education Curved surfaces see Surfaces Curves See also Circle; Conic sections; Curves in engineering Curves in engineering See also Civil engineering Customs see Manners and customs; Tariff Cut glass see Glass Cutaneous diseases see Skin — Diseases Cutlery See also Knives Cutter classification see Classification, Expan- sive Cutting see Dressmaking; Garment cutting; Tailoring Cutworms Cyanide process See also Metallurgy Cyanotype see Blue prints Cycles, Alotor, see Motor cycles Cycling See also Bicycles and tricycles; Alotor cycles Cyclones See also Hurricanes ; Storms ; Tornadoes Cyclopedias'j^f Encyclopedias Cycloramas See also Panoramas Cymric language see Welsh language Cymric literature see Welsh literature Cyphers see Ciphers Cytokinesis see Karyokinesis Cytology see Cells Czechic language see Bohemian language Czechic literature see Bohemian literature Czechs See also Bohemia; Slavs Dacoits Daguerreotypes See also Photography Daily readings Dairy see Dairying Dairy bacteriology See also Bacteriologv, Cheese; Alilk Agricultural ; Dairy chemistry see Agricultural chemistry; Dairy bacteriology Dairy products See also Butter; Cheese; Cream; Dairy- ing; Milk; Oleomargarine Refer from Classical education; Colleges and universities; Courses of study (s) ; Education; Overpressure (education); Schools; Teaching Refer from Calculus; Conic sections; Geom- etry; Geometry, Analytic Refer from Civil engineering; Curves; En- gineering; Railroads — Construction Refer from Hardware; Knives; Manufac- tures; Metal work Refer from Insects, Injurious and beneficial; Moths Refer from Electrometallurgy; Gold; Metal- lurgy; Ore treatment; Silver Refer from Bicycles and tricycles; Bicy- cling (s) ; Locomotion; Sports; Tricycling (s) ; Wheeling (s) Refer from Hurricanes: Storms; Tornadoes; Winds Refer from Panoramas Meteorology; Refer from Bohemia; Slavs Refer from Brigands and robbers; Crime and criminals; Dakoits (s) ; Murder Refer from Photography Refer from Calendars; Devotional exercises; Quotations Refer from Bacteriology; Bacteriology, y\gricultural ; Cheese; Chemistry, Dairy (s) ; Dairy chemistry (s) ; Dairying; Alilk Refer from Agricultural products; Animal products; Butter; Cheese; Cream; Dairying; Milk Dairying St-e also Butter; Cattle; Cheese; Cows; Cream; Cream separators; Creameries; Dairy bacteriology; Dairy products; Goats; Milk; Milking Dakoits see Dacoits Daltonism see Color blindness Damages See also Appraising; Arbitration and award; Demurrage; Eminent domain; Employers' liability; Indemnity; Libel and slander; Negligence Damascening see Damaskeening Damaskeening Dampness in buildings Dams See also Cofferdams; Embankments; Hydraulic engineering; Irrigation; Masonry; Reservoirs ; Walls Dance music See also Dancing; Waltzes Dancing See also Ballet; Balls (parties); Cotillion; Dance music; Indians — Dances; Morris dance Dandies Danegeld See also Taxation — England Danes in thfe U. S. See also Scandinavians in the U. S. Dangerous classes see Crime and criminals; Poor Dangerous occupations see Occupations, Dangerous Danish language See also Scandinavian languages Danish literature See also Norwegian literature; Scandi- navian literature Darbyites see Plymouth brethren Dark ages see Middle ages Darning see Mending and repairing Darwinism see Darwin, Charles; Evolution; Natural selection Dates see Chronology, Historical Day nurseries see Creches Day of judgment see Judgment day Dayaks see Dyaks Daylight saving Days See also Almanacs; Birthdays ; Fasts and feasts; Festivals; Holidays; Night; aho names of days of the week, and of special days, e.g. April fools' day; May day Deaconesses Refer from Agriculture; Butter; Cattle; Cheese; Cows; Cream; Cream separators; Creameries; Dairy (s) ; Dairy products; Home economics; Milk; Milking Refer from Accidents; Agency; Appraising; Arbitration and award; Compensation (sj ; Demurrage; Eminent domain; Employers" liability; Indemnity; Injuries (s) ; Law; Negligence; Property; Torts Refer from Damascening (s) ; Inlay; Metal work Refer from Buildings, Dampness in (s) ; Humidity; Waterproofing Refer from Earthwork; Hydraulic engineer- ing; Irrigation; Masonry; Reservoirs; Rivers; Walls; Water supply; Weirs (s) Refer from Dancing; Instrumental music; Music ; Waltzes Refer from Amusements; Ballet; Balls (parties); Cotillion; Dance music; Ethics; Etiquet; Folk dances (s) ; Morris dance; Walt'/ing (s) Refer from Beaux (s) ; Costume; 1-ashion; Fops (s) Refer from Taxation Refer from Scandinavians in the U. S. ; U. S^ — Foreign population Refer from Germanic languages; Scandi- navian languages Refer from Norwegian literature; Scandi- navian literature Refer from Hours of labor; Time Refer from Time Refer from Church polity; Church work Sisterhoods; Women 103 Deacons For deacons in orders see Clergy Dead see Death Deaf and dumb i^ee also Deafness ; Defectives ; Lip read- ing ; Sign language Asylums and education Deaf-mules see Deaf and dumb Deafness See also Deaf and dumb; Ear; Hearing Death See also Autopsy; Biology; Burial; Conso- lation; Coroners; Cremation; Embalming; Eschatology; Funeral rites and ceremonies; Future life; Future punishment; Heaven; Hell; Mortality; Mourning customs; Mur- der ; Purgatory ; Resurrection ; Suicide ; Vital statistics Apparent, see Suspended animation Death-bed words see Last words of famous people Death duties see Inheritance and transfer tax Death notices see Obituaries Death penalty see Capital punishment Death rate see Mortality; Vital statistics Death records see Vital records Debates see Debating; also names of legisla- tive bodies, etc. Debating See also Elocution; Logic; Oratory; Par- liamentary practice Debt See fl/jo Assignments ; Bankruptcy; Com- mercial law; Credit; Debts, Public; Limita- tions (law) ; Loans Debts, Public See also Drago doctrine; Finance; Loans; Repudiation; Sinking funds; also names of countries and cities, subhead Finance Decadence see Degeneration Decalogue see Commandments Decimal classification see Classification, Dec- imal Decimal system iSV^" also Metric system; Weights and measures Declamation see Elocution; Orations; Recita- tions and readings Declaration of independence See also Fourth of July; U. S. — History — Revolution Signers Declination of the compass see Compass Decoration and ornament See also Arabesque; Architectural design; Architecture; Art; Arts and crafts; Bas- relief; Bric-a-brac; Bronzes; Bronzing; Cabinet work; Carving (art industries); China painting; Church decoration and ornament; Design, Decorative; Devices; Refer from Church polity Refer from Consanguinity; Deaf-mutes (s) ; Deafness; Defectives; Dumb (s) ; Ear; Lip reading; Sign language; Speech Refer from Asylums; Charities; Charities, Medical; Education Refer from Deaf and dumb; Ear; Hearing; Medicine — ■ Practice Refer from Biology; Dead (s) ; Eschatology; Future life; Life; Mortality; Alortuary cus- toms (s) ; Theology Refer from Argument (s) ; Debates (s) ; Dis- cussion (s) ; Elocution; Logic; Oratory Refer from Bankruptcy; Commerce; Com- mercial law; Credit; Contracts; Law; Loans Refer from Bonds ; Credit ; Debt; Economics ; Finance; National debts (s) ; Public debts (s) ; Repudiation; State debts (s) Refer from Arithmetic; Metric system; Money; Notation (mathematics); VVeights and measures Refer from Fourth of July; U. S. — History — Revolution Refer from Signers of the Declaration of independence (s) ; U. S. — Biography ; U. S. - — History — Revolution — Biography Refer from Arabesque; Architecture; Art; Art, Decorative (s) ; Arts and crafts; Bric-a- brac; Cabinet work; Design, Decorative; Drawing; Fancy work; House decoration; Ornament (s) ; Painting; Wood carving 104 Embroidery; Enamel; Fancy work; Floral decoration; Frescoes; Furniture; Gems; House decoration; Illumination of manu- scripts and books; Illustration of books; Inlay; Ironwork; Jewelry; Lettering; Metal work; Moldings; Monograms; Alosaics; Mural painting and decoration; Painting; Plant forms; Pottery; School decoration; Sculpture; Stained glass; Stencil work; Stucco; Tapestry; Terra cotta ; Textile design; Vases; Window dressing; Wood carving Decoration day see Memorial day Decorations of honor See also Heraldry; Insignia; Medals; Titles of honor and nobility; Victoria cross Decorative design see Design, Decorative Dedication of books see Book dedication Dedication of churches see Church dedication Deeds See also Acknowledgments; Charters; Conveyancing; Easements; Gifts; Land titles; Real estate; Torrens system Deep-sea fauna see Marine zoology Deep-sea sounding see Sounding and soundings Deer See also Reindeer; Ungulata Defalcation see Embezzlement Defamation see Libel and slander Defectives See mlso Auxiliary schools ; Blind ; Children, Abnormal and backward; Crime and crim- inals; Deaf and dumb; Deformities; Degen- eration; feeble-minded; Idiocy; Insanity; Juvenile delinquency Defenses, National, see Coast defense; also names of countries, subhead Defenses Definition Deformities See also Defectives; Monsters Degeneration See also Crime and criminals; Defectives; Evolution; Heredity; Insanity; Physical deteriaration ; Vice Degrees, Academic Degrees of latitude and longitude see Geodesy; Latitude and longitude Dehorning of cattle see Horns Deism S-ee also Atheism; Christianity; Free thought; God; Positivism; Rationalism; Skepticism; llicism Delaware Indians See also Algonquian Indians Refer from Badges of honor (s) ; Heraldry; Insignia; Medals; Titles of honor and nobility Refer from Acknowledgments; Commercial law ; Contracts ; Conveyancing ; Documents (s) ; Forms (in law); Land; Land titles; Real estate Refer from Cervidae (s) ; Game; Hunting; Ungulata Refer from Auxiliary schools; Blind; Chil- dren, Abnormal and backward; Crime and criminals; Deaf and dumb; Deformities; De- generation; Dependent classes (s) ; Feeble- minded; Heredity; Idiocy; Insanity; Juvenile delinquency; Mentally deficient children (s) ; Social problems; Sociology Refer from Language; Words Refer from Defectives; Monsters; Orthope- dics (s) ; Physiology; Surgery; Teratology (s) Refer from Anthropology; Civilization; Con- sanguinity ; Crime and criminals ;Decadence(s) ; Defectives; Eugenics; I'-volution; Hered- ity; Insanity; Physical deterioration; Physi- ology; Vice Refer from Academic degrees (s) ; Bachelor's degrees (s) ; College degrees (s) ; Colleges and universities; Doctor's degrees (s) ; Honorary degrees (s) ; Scholars; Titles of honor and nobility; University degrees (s) Refer from Atheism; Christianity; Free thought; God; Natural religion; Philosophy; Rationalism; Religion; Skepticism; Theism; Tiieology Refer from Algonquian Indians; Lenape Indians (s) ; Lenni Lenape (s) loS Delinquent children see Juvenile delinquency Delsarte system See also Expression Deltas See also Physical geography Deluge See also Bible — Old Testament — Gene- sis Delusions see Errors, Popular; Illusions and hallucinations; Imposture; Medical delu- sions ; Sea serpents ; Superstition; Swindlers and swindling; Witchcraft Demand and supply see Supply and demand Dementia see Insanity Democracy See also Aristocracy; Despotism; Equal- ity; Federal government; Government; Liberty; Monarchy; Referendum; Repre- sentative government and representation; Republics; Socialism; Suffrage; Town meet- ing Democratic party See also Tammany Hall; U. S. — Politics Demonetization of silver see Silver (as money) Demonology See also Amulets; Apparitions; Charms; Devil; Devil worship; Evil eye; Magic; Occult sciences; Superstition; Witchcraft Demonstration work in agriculture see Agricul- ture — Demonstration work Demurrage See also Carriers; Damages Denatured alcohol see Alcohol, Denatured Dendrology see Trees Denominational schools see Church and educa- tion ; Church schools Denominations, Religious, see Sects; also names of churches and sects Density see Specific gravity Dentistry See also Dentists ; Mouth ; Teeth Dentists Denudation see Erosion Department stores See also Mail order business Departmental system of teaching see Teaching — Departmental system Dependencies see Colonies and colonization Dependent children see Children — Charities, protection, etc. Dependent classes see Charities; Crime and criminals; Defectives; Poor Deportation see Penal colonies Deposition (geology) see Sedimentation and deposition Depots see Railroads — Stations Depravity See also Sin Refer from Dramatic expression (s) ; Elocu- tion ; Expression; Gesture; Physical education Refer from Phj'sical geography; Rivers Refer from Bible; Bible — Old Testament — Genesis; Earth; Flood (s) ; Geology Refer from Aristocracy; Constitutional his- tory; Constitutional law; Despotism; Equal- ity; Federal government; Free institutions; Government; Liberty; Monarchy; People; Popular government (s) ; Presidential govern- ment (s) ; Representative government and representation; Republics; Self-government (s) Refer from Political parties; U. S. — Politics Refer from Angels; Apparitions; De\-il ; Devil worship; Evil spirits (s) ; Ghosts; Occult sciences; Spirits (s) ; Superstition; Witchcraft Refer from Admiralty; Carriers; Damages; Freight; Transportation Refer from Medicine; Professions; Surgery: Teeth Refer from Biography; Dentistry Refer from Business; Competition; Stores (s) Dermatology see Skin Derricks see Cranes, derricks, etc. Refer from Sin; Tiieology; Total deprav- ity (s) 1 06 Dervishes See also Mohammedanism Descent see Genealogy; Heredit}- ; Primogeni- ture Description (rhetoric) see Descriptive writing Descriptive geometry see Geometr)', Descrip- tive Descriptive writing See also Rhetoric Desecration see Sacrilege Desert vegetation See also Dry farming Deserts See also Desert vegetation ; Mirage ; Oases ; Reclamation of land Design, Architectural, see Architectural design Design, Argument for, see Teleology Design, Decorative See also Architectural design; Art; Arts and crafts ; Book covers ; Carving (art industries) ; Decoration and ornament ;Draw- ing; Lettering; Plant forms; Stencil work; Textile design Design, Machine, see Machine design Des Moines plan of city government see Municipal government — ■ Commission plan Despotism See also Democracy; Kings and rulers; Liberty; Monarchy; Paternalism; Tyranny Desserts See also Cookery; Dinners and dining; Ices Destiny see Fate and fatalism Details, Arcliitectural, see Architecture — Details Detective stories Detectives See also Detective stories; Police; Secret service Determinants See also Algebra Determinism see Freedom of the will Determinism, Economic, see Economic de- terminism Detroit plan see Vacant lot cultivation Development see Embryology; Evolution; Growth Devices iSV^ also Emblems; Heraldry; Insignia; Mottoes; Symbolism Devil See also Dcmonology; Devil worship Devil worship See also Dcmonology; Occult sciences Devonian period see Geology, Stratigraphic — Devonian ; Paleontology — Devonian Devotion see Devotional exercises; Prayer; Worship Devotional exercises See also Church music; Church services; Consolation; Daily readings; Family wor- Refer from Mohammedanism; Religions Refer from Description (i'hctoric) (s) ; Rhetoric Refer from Botany; Deserts; Dry farming Refer from Oases; Physical geography Refer from Art; Art, Decorative (s) ; Arts and crafts; Book covers; Decoration and orna- ment; Decorative design (s) ; Drawing; Floral design (s) ; Ornamental design (s) ; Plant forms Refer from Absolutism (s) ; Caesarism (s) ; Democracy; Government; Monarchy; Pa- ternalism; Tyranny Refer from Cookery; Dinners and dining Refer from Detectives; Fiction Refer from Crime and criminals; Police; Secret service Refer from Algebra Refer from Coats of arms (s) ; Decoration and ornament; lOmblems; Heraldrj'; Insignia; Mottoes; Symbolism Refer froyn Dcmonology; Folklore; Satan (s) ; Superstition ; Theology Refer from Dcmonology; Devil; Worsiiip Refer from Christian life and character; Church services; Devotion (s) ; Family wor- 107 ship; Hymns; Liturgies; Lord's prayer; Lord's supper; Meditations; Prayers; Re- sponsive worship; Worship Dew See also Humidity Dewey classification see Classification, Decimal Diabetes Diagnosis See also Auscultation; Medicine — -Prac- tice; Pain; Pathology; Sphygmograph ; X ra}-s Dialect recitations see Recitations and readings, Dialect Dialectics see Logic Dialects See also Slang; also names of languages, subhead Dialects Dialing see Sundials Dialogues See also Recitations and readings Dials see Sundials Diamagnetism See also Magnetism Diamond drilling see Boring; Rock drills Diamond necklace affair See also Marie Antoinette Diamonds See also Gems; Alineralogy; Precious stones Dice Dictionaries See also Classical dictionaries; Dictiona- ries, Englkh ; Encyclopedias; Technical dic- tionaries; also subhead Dictionaries under names of languages other than English, and under special subjects English See also English language — -Dialects; Synonyms and antonyms, English Didactics see Teaching Dies See also Forging; Metal work; Punching machinery; Sheet-metal work Diet See also Animal food ; Beverages ; Children — Care and hygiene; Cookery; Cookery for the sick; Digestion; Dyspepsia; Food; Menus; Nutrition; School lunches; Starva- tion; Stimulants; Vegetarianism Differential calculus see Calculus Diffraction See also Light Digestion See also Absorption (physiology) ; Diet ; Digestive system; Dyspepsia; Enzymes; Food; Metabolism; Nutrition; Stomach Digestive system See also Anatomy; Digestion; Intestines; Liver; Mouth; Physiology; Stomach; Teeth Dikes (engineering) see Embankment," ship ; Meditations ; Prayer ; Prayers; Religion; Religious services (s) ; Worship Refer from Humidity; Meteorology; Night; Water Refer from Medicine — Practice Refer from Auscultation; Medicine; Medi- cine — Practice; Pathology; Surgery; Symp- toms (s) Refer from Language Refer from Amateur theatricals; Drama; Literature; Recitations and readings Refer from Magnetism; Physics Refer from France — History — Bourbons ; Marie Antoinette Refer from Carbon; Gems; Mineralogy; Precious stones Refer from GcimhWng; Games Refer from Encyclopedias; Lexicons (s) ; Reference books Refer from Dictionaries; English dictiona- ries (s) ; English language ; English language — Dictionaries (s) Refer from Forging; Metal work; Punching machinery; Sheet-metal work Refer from Cookery; Cookery for the sick; Digestion ; Eating; Food ; Food for invalids(s) ; Home economics; H\-giene; Invalids; Nurses and nursing; Nutrition; Therapeutics Refer from Light Refer from Absorption (physiology); Diet; Digestive system; Dyspepsia; Food; Indi- gestion (s) ; Metabolism; Nutrition; Phys- iological chcmistr}'; Physiology; Stomach Refer from Alimentary canal (s) ; Anatomy; Digestion; Intestines; Liver; Physiology; Stomach zo8 Dikes (geology) St't' also Igneous rocks Dimension, Fourth, see Fourth dimension Dining see Dinners and dining Dinners and dining See also After-dinner speeches; Carving (meat, etc.); Cookery; Desserts; Drinking customs; Eating; Food; Menus; Table; Toasts Diocesan schools see Church schools Dioptrics see Refraction Diphtheria See also Antitoxins Diplomacy See also Ambassadors; Consuls; Diplo- matic and consular service; Diplomatic memoirs; Diplomats; International law; International relations; Precedence; Trea- ties; also names of countries, subheads Dip- lomatic and consular service and Foreign relations Diplomatic and consular service See also Ambassadors; Consuls; Diplo- macy; Diplomatic memoirs; Diplomats; Exterritoriality; International law; Inter- national relations; also names of countries, subhead Diplomatic and consular service Diplomatic memoirs Diplomatics see Paleography Diplomats See also Ambassadors : Consuls Dipsomania see Alcoholism Diptera See also Flies; Hessian flies; Insects; Mosquitoes; Tsetse flies Direct legislation see Referendum Direct nominations see Nominations ; Primaries Direct primaries see Primaries Direct taxation see Income tax; Taxation Direction, Sense of, see Orientation Directories See also names of places and subjects, subhead Directories Directory, French, see French revolution Dirigible balloons see Airships Disarmament See also Arbitration, International; Ar- mies; International relations; Alilitarisin ; Navies; Peace; Sea power; War Disasters See also Accidents; Collisions at sea; Earthquakes ; Fires ; Floods ; Mine accidents ; Railroads — Accidents; Red cross; Ship- wrecks; Storms; also special disasters Discharged prisoners See also Parole Refer from Dykes (s) ; Geology; Igneous rocks Refer from Banquets (s) ; Cookery; Desserts; Dining (s) ; Drinking customs; Eating; Enter- taining; Etiquet; Food; Gastronomy (s) ; Home economics; Meals (s) ; Menus; Table Refer from Children — Diseases; Contagion and contagious diseases ; Aledicine — Practice Refer from Ambassadors; Consuls; Diplo- matic and consular service; Government; History; International law; International relations; Ministers of state; Statesman- ship (s) ; Treaties Refer from Ambassadors; Consular ser- vice (s) ; Consuls ; Diplomacy ; Diplomats ; Gov- ernment; International law ; International re- lations; Legations (s) Refer from Biography; Courts and courtiers; Diplomacy; Diplomatic and consular service; History- — Sources; International relations Refer from Ambassadors; Biography; Diplo- macy; Diplomatic and consular ser\-ice; Inter- natijnal relations; Statesmen Refer from Flies; Insects; Mosquitoes Refer from Arbitration, International; Arma- ments (s) ; Armies; International relations; Alilitarism ; Alilitary art and science; Military power (s) ; Navies; Peace; Sea power; War Refer from Accidents ; History ; Relief work (s) Refer from Convicts (s) ; Crime and crim- inals; Ex-convicts (s) ; Parole; Prisoners, Dis- charged (s) ; Prisons; Social work log Disciples of Christ Refer from Campbcllites (s) ; Christian church (Disciples) (s) ; Church of Christ (Dis- ciples) (s) ; Sects Discipline, Ecclesiastical, see Church dis- cipline Discipline, Mental, see Mental discipline Discipline, School, see School management Discount See also Banks and banking; Interest Refer from Banks and banking; Interest Discoverers see Discoveries and explorations; Explorers; Inventors Discoveries (in geography) see Discoveries and explorations Discoveries (in science) see Industrial arts; In- ventions; Patents; Science Discoveries and explorations Sff a/jo Antarctic regions ; Arctic regions ; Refer from Adventure; Discoverers (s) ; Explorers; Geography — History; North- Discoveries (in geography) (s) ; Explora- east passage; Northwest passage; Scientific tions (s) ; Explorers; Geography; Geography expeditions; Voyages and travels; also — History Heroes; History; Voyages and names of countries, subheads Description travels and travel and Discovery and exploration Discussion see Debating Disease see Pathology Disease germs see Bacteriology ; Germ theory of disease Diseases see Medicine — Practice; also names of diseases and of classes of diseases, e.g. Contagion and contagious diseases, Mental diseases; and subhead Diseases under various subjects, e.g. Children — Diseases, Nervous system — Diseases, Occupations — Diseases and hygiene Diseases of animals see Animals — Diseases; Veterinary medicine Diseases of plants see Plants — Diseases Disestablishment see Church and state; Church of England — - Establishment Disfranchisement see Suffrage Dishonesty see Honesty Disinfection and disinfectants .Sif^fl/jo Antiseptics ; l'"ormaldehyde ; Fumi- Refer from Antiseptics; Cleanliness; Con- gation; Putrefaction tagion and contagious diseases; Formalde- hyde; Fumigation; Germicides (s) ; Hygiene; Dislocations Hygiene, Public; Putrefaction; Sanitation See also Bones; Joints; Radiography; Refer from Bones; Joints; Luxations (s) ; Surgery; X rays Surgery Dispensaries See also Charities, Medical; Hospitals Refer from Charities; Charities, Medical; Hospitals Dispensary system .S'arns and stables; Poultry houses Farm colonies Farm houses see Architecture, Domestic; Country houses; Farm buildings Farm implements and machinery See also Electricity on the farm ; Farm motors; Harvesting machinery; Mowing machines ; Plows Farm labor See also Peasantry Farm laws see Agricultural laws Farm life See also City and country; Country life; Farmers; Gardening; Ranch life Farm machinery see I'arm implements and machinery Farm management See also Farm labor; Market gardening; Marketing of farm produce; Rotation of crops Farm motors See also Electricity on the farm; Farm implements and machinery ; Traction en- gines ; Windmills Farm products see Agricultural products; Marketing of farm produce Farm schools Farm tools see ['"arm implements and machinery Farm values See also Farms, Abandoned Farmers See also Agricultural societies; Agricul- ture; Farm labor; Farm life; Grange Refer from Electric apparatus and applian- ces ; Electric fans (s) ; Fans, Mechanical; Ventilating fans (s) ; Ventilation Refer from Blowers (s) ; Centrifugal fans (s) ; Fan blowers (s) ; Fans, Electric; Machinery; Mechanical draft; Mechanical fans (s) ; Ven- tilating fans (s) ; Ventilation Refer from Agricultural physics; Agriculture; Architecture; Architecture, Domestic; Archi- tecture, Rural (s) ; Barns and stables ; Country houses; Farm houses (s) ; Poultry houses; Rural architecture (s) Refer from Agricultural colonies (s) ; Agricul- ture; Charities; Colonies and colonization; Labor and laboring classes ; Labor colonies (s) ; Land; Poor; Salvation army; Unemployed Refer from Agricultural implements (s) ; Agricultural machinery (s) ; Agricultural tools (s) ; Agriculture ; Electricity on the farm ; Farm machinery (s) ; Farm motors; Farm tools (s) ; Harvesting machinery; Implements, utensils, etc.; Machinery; Mowing machines; Plows ; Tools Refer from Agricultural laborers (s) ; Agri- culture; Farm management; Farmers; Labor and laboring classes; Peasantry Refer from Agriculture; City and country; Country life; Farmers; Farming (s) ; Outdoor life; Rural life (s) Refer from Agriculture; Farms; Marketing of farm produce; Range management (s) Refer from Agricultural phj'sics; Electricity on the farm; Engines; Farm implements and machinery; Motors Refer from Agriculture — - Study and teach- ing; Education; School farms (s) ; Schools Refer from Agriculture; Farms; Real estate; Value Refer from Agricuiturr; I'aiin life 141 Fanners' institutes Farming see Agriculture; Farm life Farming, Dry, see Dry farming Farms See also Agriculture; Farm management; Farm values Abandoned Farriery see Horse; Horseshoeing; Veterinary medicine Fashion See also Clothing; Costume; Dandies; Dressmaking; Hairdressing; Tailoring Fasting See also Asceticism; Fasts and feasts; Lent ; Starvation Fasts and feasts See also Advent; Ash Wednesday; Christian year; Christmas; Easter; Festi- vals; Good Friday; Holidays; Holy week; Lent; Sunday; Thanksgiving day Fat see Corpulence; Oils and fats Fatalism see Fate and fatalism Fate and fatalism See also Fortune telling; Freedom of the will; Predestination Fathers See also Parents Fathers of the church See alio Apostolic canons; Apostolic con- stitutions; Apostolic fathers; Church history — Early church; Councils and synods; Saints Fatigue See also Overwork ; Rest -Mental See also Mental hygiene; Neurasthenia: Overpressure (education) Fats see Oils and fats Fauna see Zoology Fauns Faust Favored nation clause see Commercial treaties Fayence see Pottery Fear See also Courage; Emotions; Worry Feasts see Fasts and feasts Feathers Fecundity See also Reproduction Federal courts see U. S. — Courts Refer from Agricultural societies; Agricul- ture; Institutes, Farmers' (s) Refer from Agriculture; Land; Real estate Refer from Abandoned farms (s) ; Farm values Refer from Costume; Hairdressing; Social psychology; Style (in dress) (s) Refer from Abstinence (s) ; Asceticism; Penance Refer from Catholic church; Christian an- tiquities ; Christian year; Church calendar (s) ; Church ceremonies (s) ; Church festivals (s) ; Church of England; Church polity; Days; Ecclesiastical fasts and feasts (s) ; Fasting; Feasts (s) ; Festiv'als ; Holidays ; Holy days (s) ; Holy week; Lent; Protestant Episcopal church in the U. S. ; Religion; Religious festivals (s) ; Rites and ceremonies Refer from Destiny (s) ; Fatalism (s) ; For- tune (s) ; Luck (s) ; Philosophy Refer from Children; Family; Husbands; Parents Refer from Ante-Nicene fathers (s) ; Apostolic fathers; Catholic church; Catholic church — Biography; Christian biography; Church fathers (s) ; Church history; Church history — Early church; Patristics (s) ; Patrology (s) ; Post-Nicene fathers (s) ; Saints; Theology Refer from Exhaustion (s) ; Hygiene; Ner- vous system; Overwork; Rest; Weariness (s) Refer from Brain; Mental exhaustion (s) ; Mental fatigue (s) ; Mental hygiene; Mental overwork (s) ; Mind and body; Neurasthenia; Psychology, Physiological Refer from Mythology Refer from Legends Refer from Anxiety (s) ; Emotions; Worry Refer from Animal products; Birds; Millinery Refer from Fertility (s) ; Reproduction; Vital statistics 142 Federal government See also Democracy; Nationalism, New; Republics; Secession; State governments; State rights Federal ownership see Government ownership Federal regulation of industry see Government regulation of industry Federation, Imperial, see Imperial federation Feeble-minded See also Children, Abnormal and back- ward; Defectives; Idiocy Feed see Feeding and feeding stuffs Feed water See also Boiler scale; Boilers; Feed-water heaters; Injectors; Water — Purification Feed-water heaters Feeding and feeding stuffs See also Alfalfa; Clover; Corn; F.nsilace; Forage plants; Grain; Grasses; Hay; Live stock; Oats; Root crops Feeling see Touch Feelings see Emotions Feet see Foot Felony see Crime and criminals Females see Women Fence wire Fences See also Fence wire; Gates; Hed Railings Fencing See also Dueling; Swords ges; Fenians (society) See also Canada — History — 1867-; Home rule — Ireland; Ireland — History; Ireland — Politics Fens see Marshes Fermentation See also Bacteriology; Brewing; Chemis- try, Organic; Chemistry, Technical; En- zymes; Putrefaction; Yeast Ferments see Enzymes ; Fermentation Ferns See also Cryptogams Ferries See also names of cities, subhead Ferries Ferro-concrete see Concrete, Reinforced Ferrotype l'"crtllity see Fecundity; Soil fertility Fertilization of plants See also Botany — Physiology ; Color of flowers; Plant breeding Fertilizers and manures See also Agricultural chemistry; Alfalfa; Ammonia; Guano; Gypsum; Lime; Nitrifi- cation; Peat; Phosphates; Soil inoculation Refer from Confederacies (s) ; Constitutional law; Democracy; Free institutions; Govern- ment; Republics; Secession Refer from Brain; Children, Abnormal and backward; Defectives; Idiocy; Imbecility (s) ; Insanity; Mental diseases; Mentally deficient children (s) Refer from Boiler scale; Boilers; Water; Water — Purification Refer from Feed water Refer from Agriculture; Alfalfa; Cattle; Corn; Ensilage; Feed (s) ; Fodder (s) ; Forage plants; Grasses; Hay; Live stock; Sheep; Soiling crops (sj ; Swine Refer from Barbed wire (s) ; Fences; Wire Refer from Architecture; Gates; Railings Refer from Amusements; Athletics; Dueling; Fighting (s) ; Military art and science; Sports; Swords Refer from Canada — History — 1867-; Home rule — Ireland; Ireland — -History; Ireland — Politics; Secret societies Refer from Bacteriology; Botany — Physi- ology ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Organic ; Chem- istry, Technical; Enzymes; Ferments (s) ; Liquors; Physiological chemistry; Putrefac- tion; Yeast Refer from Cryptogams; Filices (s) Refer from Inland navigation; Transporta- tion ; Waterways Refer from Photography; Tintype (s) Refer from Botany; Botany — Physiology; Color of flowers; Flowers; Insects; Plants; Plants — Fertilization (s) ; Pollination (s) Refer from Agricultural chemistry; Agricul- ture; Cuiaiio; Manures (s) ; Phosphates; Soil fertility ; Soils 143 Festivals S:y also Fairs ; Fasts and feasts ; Holidays ; f^'.^y day; Alusical festivals; Pageants; Play festivals; Processions; Tournaments; a/so names of cities, subhead Festivals, etc. Fetichism see Fetishism Fetishism See also Animism ; Idolatry ; Tree worship ; Voodooism Feudal system see Feudalism Feudalism See also Chivalry; Civilization, Medieval; Clans; Knights and knighthood; Manors; Middle ages; Peasantry; Scutage; Serfdom; Villeinage Feuds see Vendetta Fever See also Hay fever; Malaria; Scarlet fever; Typhoid fever; Typhus fever; Yellow fever Fiat money see Coinage; Greenbacks; Legal tender; Paper money Fibers See also Cotton; Flax; Hemp; Jute; Linen; Ramie; Silk; Textile industry and fabrics; Wool Fibres see Fibers Fiction See also Allegories; Fables; Fairy tales; Folklore; Historical fiction; Idealism in literature; Legends; Naturalism in litera- ture; Novelists; Plots (drama, novel, etc.); Realism in literature; Romances; Short stories;* also American fiction, English fiction, etc.; also Automobile stories, Col- lege stories. Detective stories. Railroad stories, School stories. Sea stories, and simi- lar headings, and subhead Fiction under various subjects Historical, see Historical fiction Fiction in libraries See also Children's literature Fictitious names see Pseudonyms; Fiction — Dictionaries ; Literature — Dictionaries Fiddle see Violin Fidelity see Loyalty Field artillery see Artillery Field hospitals see Hospitals, Military; Medi- cine, Military Field sports see Hunting; Sports; Track athletics Fifteenth century See also Renaissance Fighting see Boxing; Bullfights; Dueling; Fencing; Gladiators; Military art and science; Naval art and science ; Tournaments ; War Figure drawing See also Anatomy, Artistic; Figure paint- Figure of the earth see Earth — Figure Refer from Amusements; Carnivals (s) ; Celebrations (s) ; Days; Entertainments; Fasts and feasts; Holidays; Pageants; Re- ligious festivals (s) Refer from Animism ; Fetichism (s) ; Idolatry; Indians — Religion; Superstition; Worship Refer from Chivalry; Civilization, Medieval; Feudal system (s) ; Government; Knights and knighthood; Land tenure; Law; Alanors ; Middle ages; Scutage; Serfdom; Sociology; Vassals (s) ; Villeinage Refer from Inflammation; Medicine — Prac- tice; Pathology Refer from Agricultural products; Cordage; Cotton ; Fibres (s) ; Flax ; Hemp ; Jute ; Linen ; Ramie; Textile fibers (s) ; Textile industry and fabrics Refer from Ethics; Literature; Novels (s) ; Romance (s) ; Romances; Short stories; Stories (s) Refer from Books and reading; Children's literature; Libraries; Libraries and fiction (s) ; Library administration Refer from History, Modern; Middle ages; Renaissance Refer from Anatomy, Artistic; Drawing; Figure painting; Human figure in art (s) 144 Figure painting See also Anatomy, Artistic; Figure draw- ing; Painting; Proportion (art) Figures of speech see Rhetoric Files and rasps Filibusters See also Buccaneers; Cuba — History; Pirates Filices see Ferns Filters and filtration See also Water — Purification; Water supply Filtration see Filters and filtration Final cause see Causation; Teleology Finance See also Auditing; Bankruptcy; Banks and banking; Bimetallism; Bonds; Business depression; Capital; Capitalists and finan- ciers; Church finance; Claims; Commerce; Corporations; Credit; Debts, Public; Eco- nomics; Exchange; Foreign exchange; In- come; Insurance; Interest; Internal reve- nue laws; Investments; Loans; Money; Municipal finance; Panics; Prices; Repudia- tion; Securities; Silver (as money); Sinking funds ; Speculation ; Stock exchange ; Stocks ; Tariff; Taxation; Trust companies; Trusts; Wealth; also names of countries, subhead Finance Financial crises see Panics Financiers see Capitalists and financiers Finding lists see Catalogs, Library Fine arts see Art Finger plays Finger marks see Finger prints Finger prints See also Bertillon system; Identification Finger rings see Rings Fingers see Finger prints; Hand Finite see Infinite Finnish language See also Ural-Altaic languages Finnish literature See also Finnish poetry Finnish poetry See also Finnish literature Fire See also Combustion; Fires; Flame; Fuel; Heat; Heating; Smoke; also headings beginning Fire Fire alarms Fire balls see Meteors Fire boats Fire damp See also Mine accidents; Mine fires; Mine ventilation Fire departments See also Fire protection; I'irenien; also official reports of fire departments under names of cities R'fer from Anatomy, Artistic; Figure draw- in,':; Human figure in art (s) ; Painting Refer from Hardware; Rasps (s) ; Tools Refer from Buccaneers; Cuba — History; Freebooters (s) Refer from I-'iltration (s) ; Sanitary engineer- ing; Sewage; Water — Purification; Water supply Refer from Banks and banking; Bimetallism; Bonds; Business; Commerce; Debts, Public; Economics; Exchange; Funds (s) ; Govern- ment; History; Income; Loans; Money; Paper money; Revenue (s) ; Taxation; Wealth Refer from Kindergarten Refer from Anthropometry; Bertillon sys- tem; Finger marks (s) ; Fingers (s) ; Hand; Identification Refer from Ural-Altaic languages Refer from Finnish poetr}' Refer from Finnish literature Refer from Chemistry; Combustion; Flame; Heat Refer from Electric apparatus and appliances ; Fires ; Signals Refer from Boats and boating; Fi'^e pro- tection; Steamboats Refer from Gases; Marsh gas (s) ; Mine accidents; Mine fires; Mine \entilation Refer frovi Fire protection; Firemen 145 Fire drills Fire engines Fire escapes Fire etching see Pyrography Fire insurance see Insurance, Fire Fire-places see Fireplaces Fire prevention see Fire protection Fire-proof buildings see Fireproof construction Fire protection See also Fire boats; Fire departments; Fire drills; Fire engines; Fire escapes; Fireproof construction; Fireproofing Fire walk Fire worship See also Parsees ; Zoroastrianism Firearms See also Ammunition; Arms and armor; Arsenals; Artillery; Gunnery; Gunpowder; Guns; Ordnance; Pistols; Projectiles; Rifles; Shooting; Shotguns; Target practice Fireless cookers Firemen See also Fire departments Fireplaces See also Architecture, Domestic; Chim- neys ; Mantels Fireproof construction See also Building laws; Concrete construc- tion; Fireproofing; Steel construction Fireproofing See also Asbestos; Fireproof construction Fires See also Chimneys; Fire alarms; Fire pro- tection; Forest fires; Insurance, Fire; Mine fires; also names of cities, subhead Fires and fire prevention Fireworks First aid in illness and injury See also Accidents; Bandages and bandag- ing; Battlefield relief; Burns and scalds; Drowning; Poisons Fish See also Aquariums; Fish as food; Fish culture; Fisheries; Fishing; Marine zoology ; Vertebrates; also names of fishes, e.g. Sal- mon, Trout — U. S. See also Fislicries — U. S. Refer from Fire protection; School manage- ment Refer from Engines; Fire protection; Steam engines Refer from Building; Building laws; Fire protection Refer from Fire departments; Fire preven- tion (s) ; Fires; Municipal improvement; Protection from fire (s) Refer from Ordeals; Rites and ceremonies Refer from Elements, Worship of; Parsees; Worship; Zoroastrianism Refer from Ammunition; Arms and armor; Gunnery; Guns; Military art and science; Ordnance; Pistols; Projectiles; Rifles; Shoot- ing; Small arms (s) ; Weapons (s) Refer from Cookery; Hay boxes (s) ; Hay stoves (s) ; Home economics; Stoves Refer from Fire departments; Life-saving Refer from Architecture; Architecture, Do- mestic; Chimneys; Fire-places (s) ; Heating; House decoration; Mantels Refer from Architecture; Building; Building laws; Building materials; Concrete construc- tion; Fire-proof buildings (s) ; Fire protection; Fireproofing Refer from Fire protection ; Fireproof con- struction; Insurance, Fire Refer from Conflagrations (s) ; Disasters; Fire; Life-saving; Theater fires (s) Refer from Chemistry, Technical; Pyro- technics (s) Refer from Accidents; Ambulance drill (s) ; Ambulances ; Bandages and bandaging ; Battle- field relief; Burns and scalds; Drowning; Emergencies (s) ; Hospitals; Injuries (s) ; Life- saving; Medicine; Medicine, Military; Nurses and nursing ; Poisons ; Relief work (s) ; Surgery ; Surgery, Military; Therapeutics Refer from Fisheries; Fishes (s) ; Iclithy- ology (s) ; Marine zoology ; Pisces (s) ; Salmon ; Trout; Vertebrates; Zoology Refer from Fisheries — U. S.; U. S. — Fish (s) ; U. S. — Ichthyology (s) ; Zoology — U. S. Fish as food See also Sea food Refer from Cookery; Fisli ; Food; Sea food 146 Fish culture St'r also Fisheries Fisheries Sfe also Fish; Fish culture; Fisiiing Seals (animals) — u. s. See also Fish — - U. S. Fishermen Sre also Fishing; Missions — Seamen Fishes see Fish Fishing See also Fisheries ; Fishermen ; Game laws ; Harpoons; Salmon; Trout Five nations see Iroquois Indians Flag day Flagellants Flagellation see Flagellants ; Flogging Flags See also Flag da}'; Signals Flame See also Fire Flash-light photography see Photography, Flash-light Flats see Apartment houses Flavoring extracts See also Elssences and essential oils; Vanilla Flax See also Fibers; Linen Fleets see Na\ies ; Ships; Warships Flemish language See also Germanic languages Flies See also Diptera; Hessian flies; Insects as carriers of contagion; Tsetse flies Flight See also Aerodynamics; Aeronautics; Animal locomotion; Animal mechanics; Birds; Flying machines; Wings Flint implements see Stone implements Flogging See also Corporal punishment; Flagellants Flood see Deluge Floods See also Insurance, Casualty ; Meteorology ; Ri\ers Floors See also Building; Carpets; Linoleum; Mosaics; Pavements; Ru:;s; Sweeping Flora see Botany Refer from Fish; Fisheries; Pisciculture (s) Refer from Fish; Fish culture; Fishing; Industrial arts; Sea fisheries (s) Refer from Fish — U. S. ; U. S. — Fish- eries (s) ; U. S. — Foreign relations; U. S. — Industries and resources Refe r from Fishing Refer from Angling (s) ; Aquatic sports; Fish; Fisheries; Fishermen; Hunting ; Outdoor life; Sports Refer from Flags; Holidays Refer from Church history; Church history — Aiiddle ages; Fanaticism; Flagellation (s) ; Flogging; Penitentes (s) ; Sects Refer from Banners (s) ; Ensigns (s) ; Herald- ry; Alilitary art and science; Signals; Stand- ards (s) Refer from Fire; Heat Refer from Cookery; Essences and essential oils ; Extracts, Flavoring (s) ; Food ; Vanilla Refer from Fibers; Linen; Textile industry and fabrics ; Yarn Refer from Germanic languages; Low German language Refer from Contagion and contagious dis- eases; Diptera; Fly (s) ; House flies (s) ; Household pests; Insects as carriers of con- tagion Refer from Aerodynamics; Aeronautics; Animal locomotion; Animal mechanics; Birds; Flying (s) ; Locomotion ; Wings Refer from Corporal punishment; Flagella- tion (s) ; Punishment; Rod, The (s) ; \Vhip- plng (s) Refer from Disasters; History; Ihdraulic engineering; Inundations (s); Meteorology; Rivers Refer from Architecture; I'ui'.ding; Car- pent ly 147 Floral decoration See also Church decoration and ornament; Flowers Floral design see Design, Decorative • Plant forms Floriculture See also Annuals (plants); Bulbs; Electro- horticulture; Flowers ; Fumigation of plants ; Gardening; Greenhouses; Plant breeding; Plant propagation; Window gardening; also names of special flowers, e. g. Carnations ; Lilies; Orchids; Roses; Violets Flour and flour mills See also Grain; Wheat Flow of water see Hydraulics Flower drawing see Flower painting and drawing Flower forms see Plant forms Flower gardening see Floriculture Flower gardens see Gardens Flower language Flower missions Flower painting and drawing See also Plant forms Flowers See also Artificial flowers; Botany; Buds; Color of flowers; Fertilization of plants; Floral decoration; Floriculture; Flower lan- guage ; Flower missions ; Flower painting and drawing; Howers in poetry; Glass flowers"; National flowers; Odors; Paper flowers; Plants; Wax flowers; Window gardening; also names of flowers, e.g. Carnations, Lilies, Lotus, Orchids, Roses, Violets Artificial, see Artificial flowers Language of, see Flower language National, see National flowers Flowers in poetry Fluids See also Gases; Hydraulic engineering; Hydraulics; Hydrodynamics; Hydrostatics; Jets ; Liquids ; Mechanics ; Osmosis ; Physics ; Solution (chemistry) ; Viscosity Flumes See also Hydro-electric plants; Irriga- tion canals; Water power Flute See also Musical instruments; Wind in- struments Flute ceremonies Fluxions see Calculus Fly see I'llcs l'"!\-Ing see I'MIght Flying machines See also Aeronautic motors; Aeronautics; Aeroplanes Fodder see Feeding and feeding stuffs Fog See also Fog signals; Meteorology Refer from Church decoration and ornament; Decoration and ornament; Flowers; House decoration Refer from Agriculture; Annuals (plants); Botan\'; Bulbs; Carnations; Flower garden- ing (s) ; Flowers; Gardening; Horticulture (s) ; House plants (s) ; Industrial arts; Lilies; Orchids; Plants; Plants, Cultivated; Roses; Violets; Window gardening Refer from Bread ; Food ; Grist mills (s) ; Manufactures; Alilling (flour) (s) ; Mills and millwork; Wheat Refer from Flowers; Flowers, Language of (s) ; Language of flowers (s) ; Plant lore Refer from Charities; Flowers Refer from Drawing; Flower drawing (s) ; Flowers; Painting; Plant forms Refer from Botany; Botany, Structural; Floral decoration; Floriculture; Plants; Wild flowers (s) Refer from Flowers; Poetry; Poetry of flowers (s) Refer from Hydraulic engineering; Hydrau- lics; Hydrostatics; Liquids; Mechanics; Phys- Refer from Irrigation canals; Water power Refer from Musical instruments; Wind in- struments Refer from Hopi Indians; Indians — Re- ligion; Rites and ceremonies Refer from Aerodromes (s) ; Aeronautics; Aeroplanes; Flight; Helicopters (s) Refer from Meteorology; Water Fog signals Foliage see Leaves Folk dances see Dancing Folk-lore see Folklore Folk psychology see Ethnopsychology Folk songs See also Ballads; Carols; Folklore; Lulla- bies; National songs; Negro songs; Songs Folklore See also Animal lore; Animism; Chap- books; Charms; Counting out; Devil; Divining rod; Evil eye; Fables; Fairies; Fairy tales; Folk songs; Geographical myths; Ghosts; Legends; IVLinners and customs; Medical folklore; Mythology; Nature myths; Nursery rhymes; Plant lore; Proverbs; Romances; Sagas; Super- stition; Weather lore; Witchcraft Celtic See also Legends, Celtic Indians, see Indians — • Folklore Japan See also Legends — Japan Negroes, see Negroes — Folklore Folklore of animals see Animal lore Folklore of medicine see Medical folklore Folklore of plants see Plant lore Fonts see Baptismal fonts Food See also Animal food ; Bakers and bakeries ; Beverages; Bread; Butter; Cannibalism; Cereals, Prepared; Chocolate; Condiments; Cookery; Corpulence; Cost of living; Diet; Digestion; Dinners and dining; Eating; Eggs; Fish as food; Flavoring extracts; Flour and flour mills; Food adulteration and inspection; Food laws; Food preservation and preservatives; Food supply; Fruit; Grain; Groceries; Hygiene; Liquors; Mar- keting; Markets; Meat; Milk; Mushrooms; Nutrition; Nuts; Oysters; Poultry; Pro- teins; Sea food; Stimulants; Sugar; Table; Temperance; Vegetables; Vegetarianism Analysis See also Food adulteration and inspection Food adulteration and inspection See also Adulterations; Chemistry, House- hold ; Consumers' leagues ; Food — Analysis ; Food laws; Food preservation and preserv- atives ; Meat inspection; Milk supply; Oleomargarine Food for in\-alids see Cookery for the sick; Diet Food inspection see Food adulteration and inspection Food laws See also Food adulteration and inspection Food preservation and preservatives See also Canning and preserving; Cold storage; Food adulteration and inspection; Rejer jrom Fog; Navigation; Signals Refer from Ballads; Folklore; National songs ; Songs Refer from Animal lore ; Archaeology ; Eth- nolog)^ ; Fables; Fairies; Fairy tales; Fiction; Folk-lore (s) ; Folk songs ; Legends ; Literature ; Man; Manners and customs; Mythology; People; Plant lore; Proverbs; Sagas; Super- stition; Traditions (s) Refer from Celtic folklore (s) ; Celts ; Legends, Celtic Refer from Japan — Folklore (s) ; Japanese folklore (s) ; Legends — Japan Refer from Beverages; Cookery; Diet; Digestion; Dinners and dining; Eating; Gastronomy (s) ; Home economics; Hygiene; Meals (s) ; Nutrition; Table Refer from Analysis of food (s) ; Chemistry, Household; Food adulteration and inspection; Sanitary chemistry Refer from Adulterations ; Analysis of food (s) ; Chemistry, Household; Food; Food — Analy- sis ; Food inspection (s) ; Food laws ; Food pres- ervation and preservatives; Hygiene; Hy- giene, Public; Inspection of food (s) ; Meat inspection; Pure food laws (s) ; Sanitary chemistry Refer from Food; Food adulteration and inspection; Pure food laws (s) Refer from Canning and preserving; Cold storage; Food; Food adulteration and inspec- 149 Formaldeliyde; Refrigeration and refrigerat- ing machinery Food supply See also Agriculture — Statistics; Corn laws; Famines; Packing industry F*ools See also Idiocy tion ; Preservation of food (s) ; Preserva- tives (food) (s) Refer from Commerce; Economics; Food; Prices Refer from Clowns; Court fools (s) ; Humor; Jesters (s) Foot See also Anatomy; Boots and shoes; Refer from Anatomy; Feet (s) ; Toes (s) Chiropody; Hosiery Foot-racing see Running Foot-soldiers see Infantry Football See also College athletics Footprints, Fossil Fops see Dandies Forage plants See also Alfalfa; Clover; Corn; Ensilage; Feeding and feeding stuffs; Grasses; Graz- ing; Pastures and meadows; Sorghum Force and energy See also Centrifugal force; Dynamics; Dynamometer; Electromotive force; Me- chanics ; Alotion ; Physics ; Potential, Theory of Forecasts iS^"^ also Fortune telling; Prophecies; Utopias ; Weather forecasts Foreign exchange See also Money Foreign missions see Missions, Foreign Foreign relations see International relations; also names of countries, subhead Foreign relations Foreign trade see Commerce Foreigners see Aliens; Citizenship; English language — For foreigners; Naturalization; also names of countries and cities, subhead Foreign population Foremen's schools Forenames see Names, Personal Forensic chemistry see Chemistry, Legal Forensic medicine see Medical jurisprudence Foreordination see Predestination Forest fires Forest nurseries Forest planting See also Tree planting Forest products See also Botany, Economic; Commercial products; Gums and resins; Lumber and lumbering; Rubber; Timber; Veneers and veneering; Wood; Wood pulp Forest reserves See also. Forests and forestry; National parks and reserves Refer from Ball (s) ; College athletics; Games; School athletics Refer from Fossil footprints (s) ; Ichnol- ogy (s) ; Paleontology Refer from Agriculture; Alfalfa; Feeding and feeding stuffs; Grasses; Grazing; Pastures and meadows Refer from Conservation of energy (s) ; Cor- relation of forces (s) ; Dynamics; Energy (s) ; Kinematics; Matter; Mechanics; Meta- physics; Motion; Philosophy; Physics; Power Refer from Future (s) ; Predictions (s) ; Prophecies; Utopias Refer from Banks and banking; Cam- bistry (s) ; Commerce; Commercial law; Ex- change; Finance; International exchange (s) ; Money Refer from Industrial education; Scientific management; Technical education Refer from Fires; Forests and forestry Refer from Forests and forestry; Nurseries (horticulture) ; Trees Refer from Afforestation (s) ; Forests and forestry; Planting (s) ; Reforestation (s) ; Tree planting ; Trees Refer from Agricultural products; Botany, Economic; Commercial products Refer from Forests and forestry; National parks and reserves; U. S. — Public lands Forest schools see Open-air schools Forestalling see Monopolies Forestry see Forests and forestry Forestry education see Forestry schools and . education Forestry schools and education Forests, Petrified, see Petrified forests Forests and forestry See also Arbor day; Conservation of re- sources; Evergreens; Forest fires; Forest nurseries; Forest planting; Forest reserves; Forestry schools and education; Grafting; Landscape gardening; Lumber and lumber- ing; Natural resources; Pruning; Timber; Tree planting; Trees; Wood U. S. Forge work see Blacksmithing ; Forging; Ironwork Forgeries see Antiques, Forged ; Art forgeries ; Forgery; Literary forgeries and mystifica- tions Forgery See also Art forgeries; Counterfeits; Embezzlement; Literary forgeries and mys- tifications Forgery of antiques see Antiques, Forged Forgery of works of art see Art forgeries Forging See also Blacksmithing; Dies; Ironwork; Welding Form, Musical, see Musical form Formal gardening see Landscape gardening Formaldehyde See also Disinfection and disinfectants; Fumigation Formalin see Formaldehyde Forms (in law) See also Actions at law; Affidavits; Com- mercial law; Conveyancing; Deeds; Mort- gages ; Pleading and practice Fortification See also Castles; Coast defense; Earth- work; Gunnery; Military architecture; Mines, Military; also names of cities, sub- head Fortifications, and names of countries, subhead Defenses Forts see Fortification Fortune see Chance; Fate and fatalism; Probabilities; Success Fortune telling See also Astrology; Cards; Clairvoyance; Crystal gazing; Divination; Dreams; Hal- loween; Palmistry Fortunes see Income; Millionaires; Wealth Fossil footprints see Footprints, Fossil Fossil insects see Insects, Fossil Fossil mollusks see Mollusks, Fossil Fossil plants See also Paleontology; Petrified forests; Trees, Fossil Refer from Agriculture — Study and teach- ing; Forestry education (s) ; Forests and for- estry; Technical education Refer from Agriculture; Arboriculture (s) ; Botany; Conservation of resources; Ever- greens; Forest reserves; Fo'restry (s) ; Land- scape gardening; Lumber and lumbering; Natural resources; Silviculture (s) ; Timber; Trees ; Water supply ; Wood ; Woods (s) Refer from U. S. — Forests and forestry (s) ; U. S. — Industries and resources Refer from Counterfeits; Crime and crimi- nals; Embezzlement; Forgeries (s) ; Fraud; Imposture; Writing Refer from Blacksmithing; Dies; Drop forging (s) ; Forge work (s) ; Ironwork; Ma- chine shop practice Refer from Disinfection and disinfectants; Food preservation and preservatives; For- malin (s) ; Fumigation Refer from Actions at law; Business; Com- mercial law; Conveyancing; Law; Legal forms (s) ; Pleading and practice Refer from Architecture, Military (s) ; Earth- work ; Forts (s) ; Military architecture; Mili- tary art and science; Military engineering; Sieges Refer from Amusements; Cards; Character reading (s) ; Divination; Dreams; Fate and fatalism; Forecasts; Future (s) ; Prophecies; Superstition Refer from Botany; Botany, Fossil (s) ; Fossils (s) ; Paleobotany (s) ; Paleontology; Plants, Fos:;il (s) Fossil reptiles see Reptiles, Fossil Fossil trees see Trees, Fossil Fossil wood see Trees, Fossil Fossils see Paleontology; also Fossil plants, and subhead Fossil under various animals and plants Foundations See also Bridges — Foundations and piers; Building; Caissons; Civil engineer- ing; Cofferdams; Compressed air; Concrete; Earthwork; Masonry; Piles and pile driv- ing; Shoring and underpinning; Walls Founding see Foundry work Foundlings See also Adoption; Children — Charities, protection, etc.; Orphans and orphan as\-- lums Foundry work See also Cast iron; Cupola furnaces; Pattern making Fountains See also Springs Fourth dimension Fourth of July See also Declaration of independence: Fourth of July orations Fourth of July orations Fowl see Poultry Fowling see Falconry Fowls see Poultry Fox see Foxes Foxes See also Carnivora Radiography; Surgery; see Picture frames Fractures See also Bones ; X raj^s Frames (for pictures) France — History See also Basques To 1328 See also Franks; Gauls House of Valois, 1328-1589 iSV^ also Agincourt, Battle of; Hugue- nots; Hundred years' war; Reforma- tion — France; St. Bartholomew's day, Massacre of Bourbons, 1 589-1 789 See also Austrian succession. War of; Diamond necklace affair; French and Indian war; Fronde; Iron Mask; Sc\en years' war; Spanish succession. War of Revolution, see French re\olution ■ — Consulate and empire, 1799-1815 See also Napoleonic wars; I'eninsular war, 1S07-1814; Waterloo, Battle of Restoration, 1815-1848 Refer from Architecture; Building; Caissons; Civil engineering; Cofferdams; Earthwork; Engineering; Masonry; Piles and pile driving; Shoring and underpinning; Walls Refer from Children; Children — Charities, protection, etc.; Orphans and orphan asylums, Refer from Cast iron; Casting (s) ; Cupola furnaces; Founding (s) ; Furnaces; Industrial arts; Iron; Iron founding (s) ; Iron industry; Machine shop practice; Metals; Molding (s) ; Moulding (s) ; Pattern making; Steel; Tu- yeres (s) Refer from Architecture; Hydraulic engineer- ing; Water supply Refer from Dimension, Fourth (s) ; Geom- etry; Hyperspace (s) ; Mathematics; Space Refer from Declaration of independence; Holidays; Independence day (s) ; July fourth (s) Refer from Fourth of July; Orations, Ameri- can ; U. S. — History — Revolution Refer from. Carnivora; Fox (s) ; Fur-bearing animals ; Hunting Refer from Bones; Surgery Refer from Franks; Gauls Refer from Agincourt, Battle of; Hundred years' war; Reformation — France; St. Bar- tholomew's day, Massacre of Refer from Ancien regime (s) ; Austrian suc- cession, War of; Fronde Refer from Napoleonic wars; Waterloo, Battle of 152 France — History — Continued Revolution of 1848 Sff also France — History — Second republic Second republic, 1848-1852 See also France — History — Revo- lution of 1848; France — History — Coup d'etat, 1851 Coup d'etat, 1851 See also France — History — Second republic; France — History — Second empire Second empire, 1852-1870 See also Crimean war; France — History — Coup d'etat, 1851; Franco- German war Franco-German war, 1870-1871, see Franco-German war Third republic, 1870- See also Paris — History — Siege and commune, 1871 Franchise see Suffrage Franchise taxation see Corporations — Taxa- tion Franchises, Municipal, see Municipal fran- chises Franciscans See also Capuchins; Monasticism Franco-German war, 1 870-1 871 See also France — History — Second empire; Paris — History — Siege and com- mune, 1871; Sedan campaign Franking privilege Franks See also France — History — To 1328, Germany — History — To 1 5 1 7 Fraternal insurance see Benefit societies Fraternities, Bcne\olent, see Benefit societies Fraternities, College See also Hazing; Secret societies Fraternities, High school Fraud See also Antiques, Forged; Art forgeries; Counterfeits; Forgery; Imposture; Swin- dlers and swindling Frauds, Literary, see Literary forgeries and mystifications Free agency see Freedom of the will Free churches Free coinage of silver see Coinage; Silver (as money) ' Free-hand drawing see Drawing Free institutions See also Democracy; Federal go\'ernmcnl ; Liberty; Representati\'e government and representation; Republics Refer from France — History — Second republic; Revolutions Refer from France — History — Revolution of 1848; France — History — Coup d'etat, 1851 Refer Jrom Coup d'etat of 185 i (s); France — History — Second republic; France — His- tory — Second empire Refer from France — History — Coup d'etat, 1 851; Franco-German war Refer from Commune, Paris (s) ; Paris — History — Siege and commune Refer from Capuchins; Friars minor (s) ; Gray friars (s) ; Grey friars (s) ; Alinorites (s) ; Monasticism; Religious orders Refer from France — History — Second empire ; France — History — Franco-German war (s) ; Germany — History — 1866-; Paris — History — Siege and commune; Sedan cam- paign Refer from Postal service Refer from France — History — To 1328; Germany — History — To 15 17; Teutonic race Refer from College fraternities (s) ; Colleges and universities; Greek letter societies (s) ; Hazing; Secret societies; Societies; Student life Refer from Greek letter societies (s) ; High school fraternities (s) ; High schools; Secret societies; Societies Refer from Crime and criminals; Imposture; Misrepresentation (s) ; Swindlers and swin- dling Refer jrom Church polity; Churches (s) Refer from Go\crnment; Liberty 153 Free masons see Freemasons Free religion See also Free thought; Liberty of con- science Free schools see Charity schools; Public schools Free seed distribution see Seeds — Distribution Free soil party See also Slavery in the U. S. ; U. S. — • History — 1815-1861 Free speech see Liberty of speech Free thinking see Free thought Free thought See also Agnosticism; Deism; Free re- ligion; Rationalism; Religious liberty; Secularism; Skepticism Free trade see Tariff question Free will see Freedom of the will Freebooters see Buccaneers; Filibusters; Pirates Freedmen See also Negroes; Reconstruction; Slavery Freedom see Liberty; Slavery Freedom of the press see Liberty of the press Freedom of the will See also Necessity; Predestination; Will Freemasons Templai-s See also Templars Freezing see Cold; Frost; Ice; Plants, Effect of temperature on; Refrigeration and re- frigerating machinery Freight See also Carriers; Demurrage; Railroads — Rates; Transportation Freight rates s^e Freight. For railroad freight rates see Railroads — Rates French and Indian war, 1755-1763 See also Indians — Wars ; Pontiac's con- spiracy; Seven years' war; U. S. — History — Colonial period French-Canadian literature see Canadian literature French-Canadians See also Acadians; Canada — History — Rebellion, 1837-1838 French drama See also Dramatists, French; French literature; Theater — France French essays See also French literature Refer from Free thought; Religion; Religious liberty; Theology; Unitarianism Refer from Political parties; Republican party; Slavery in the U. S.; U. S. — History — 1815-1861 Refer from Deism; Free religion; Free think- ing (s) ; Rationalism; Religious liberty; Skep- ticism Refer from Negroes; Reconstruction; Slavery; Slavery in the U. S. Refer from Determinism (s) ; Ethics; Fate and fatalism; Free agency (s) ; Free will (s) ; Indeterminism (s) ; Liberty of the will (s) ; Necessity; Predestination; Psychology; Theology ; Will Refer from Anti-masonry (s) ; Free ma- sons (s) ; Knights of the red cross (s) ; Masons (secret order) (s) ; Secret societies Refer from Knights templars (masonic) (s) ; Order of the temple (s) ; Templars Refer from Carriers; Commerce; Freight rates (s) ; Railroads; Railroads — Freight (s) ; Transportation ; Waterways Refer from Canada — History — To 1763; England — History — 1714-1837 ; France — History — Bourbons; French in America; Indians — Wars; New York (state) — His- tory; Seven years' war; U. S. — History — Colonial period; U. S. — History — French and Indian war (s) Refer from Canada — Social life and cus- toms; Ethnology — Canada; French in Amer- ica; National characteristics, Canadian Refer from Dramatists, French; French literature; French poetry; Theater — France Refer from Essays; French literature 154 French fiction See also French literature French in America See also Canada — History — To 1763 (Xevv France); French and Indian war; French-Canadians; Queen Anne's war; U. S. — History — Revolution — French par- ticipation French language [subdivided like German lan- guage] See also Commercial correspondence — French; Precieuses; Provencal language; Romance languages French literature See also Authors, French; Charlemagne — Romances; Encyclopedists; French drama; French essays; French fiction; French poetry; Precieuses; Provencal literature; Romance literature; Symbolism in literature French philosophy see Philosophy, French French poetry See also Fabliaux; French drama; French literature; Poets, French; Troubadours; Trouveres French revolution See also Chouans ; Girondists; Jacobins; Napoleonic wars; Vendean war Causes Personal nan^atives French salons see Salons French spoliation claims Fresco painting see Frescoes Frescoes • See also Mural painting and decoration; Stencil work Fresh air charity Fresh air schools see Open-air schools Fresh-water fauna See also Aquariums; Fresh-water life; Insects, Aquatic Fresh-water flora see Aquatic plants Fresh-water life See also Aquatic plants; Fresh-water fauna ; Plankton Fret cutting see Grilles; Lattice; Wood carving Friars see Monasticism Friars minor see Franciscans Friars preachers see Dominicans Friction See also Bearings (machinery); Lubrica- tion and lubricants Friendly societies see Benefit societies Friendly visiting See also Charities Refer from French literature Refer from Canada (Xew France) History — To 1763 Friends, Society of Refer from Langue d'oi'l (s) ; Romance lan- guages Refer from Authors, French; French drama: French essays; French fiction; French poetry: Proven9al literature; Romance literature Refer from French literature; Poets, French Refer from Directory, French (s) ; France — History — Revolution (s) ; Girondists; Jac- obins; Reign of terror (s) ; Revolutions; Terror, Reign of (s) ; Vendean war Refer from Claims; U. S. — Foreign relations — France; U. S. — History — 1783-1812 Refer from Art; Decoration and ornament; Fresco painting (s) ; House painting; Mural painting and decoration; Painting Refer from Charities; Children — Charities, protection, etc. Refer from Aquariums; Aquatic animals (s) ; Fresh-water life; Marine zoology; Zoology Refer from Aquatic life (s) ; Aquatic plants; Brook life (s) ; Fresh-water fauna; Limno- biology (s); Plankton; Pond life (s) ; Ponds Refer from Bearings (machinery); Lubrica- tion and lubricants; Machinery; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Physics Refer from Charities; Charity; Poor; Social settlements; Social work Refer from Congregationalism; Dissenters; Nonresistance ; Persecution; Puritans; Quak- ers (s) ; Sects; Society of Friends (s) 155 Friendship See also Love; Sympathy Froebel system of education see Kindergarten Frogs See also Amphibia ; Toads Fronde See also France — History — • Bourbons Frontier and pioneer life See also Colonial life and customs; Col- onies and colonization; Cowboys; Indians — Captivities; Overland journeys to the Pacific; Ranch life; Western states Frontiers See also Boundaries Frost See also Cold; Frost protection; Ice; Plants, Effect of temperature on; Refrigera- tion and refrigerating machinery Frost protection Fruit See also Berries; Canning and preserving; Fruit culture; Nuts; also names of fruits, e.g. Apple, Grape, Orange, Peach, Pear Diseases and pests See also Fumigation of plants; Fungi; Insects, Injurious and beneficial; Plants — Diseases; Scale insects; Spraying; Trees — Diseases and pests; also names of diseases and pests, e.g. Crown gall. Codling moth Evaporation Fruit culture See also Agriculture; Frost protection; Fruit — Diseases and pests; Fumigation of plants; Fungicides; Gardening; Grafting; Nurseries (horticulture); Pruning; Spray- ing; also names of fruits Fruit pests see Fruit — Diseases and pests Fuel See also Briquets; Calorimeters and calorimetry; Charcoal; Coal; Coke; Fur- naces ; Gas ; Gas, Natural ; Heating ; Lignite ; Liquid fuel; Peat; Petroleum; Smoke; \\'ood Fugitive slaves See also Alaroons ; Underground railroad (slavery) Fugue See also Canon (music) ; Musical form Fumigation See also Disinfection and disinfectants; Formaldehyde; Fumigation of plants Fumigation of plants See also Fruit — Diseases and pests Refer from AflFection (s) ; Conduct of life.; Ethics; Love; Sympathy Refer from Amphibia; Toads Refer from France — History — Bourbons Refer from Ad\enture; Border life (s) ; Colonies and colonization; Overland journeys to the Pacific; Pacific states; Pioneer life (s) ; \\ estern states Refer from Boundaries; International re- lations Refer from Cold; Freezing (s) ; Meteorology; Water Refer from Agriculture; Frost; Fruit cul- ture; Gardening; Orchard heating (s) ; Pro- tection from frost (s) Refer from Agricultural products; Apple; Berries; Botany; P'ood ; Grape; Orange; Orchards (s) ; Peach; Pear; Pomology (s) ; Small fruit (s) ; Trees Refer from Agricultural pests; Bacteriology. Agricultural; Fruit culture; Fruit pests (s) ; Fumigation of plants; Fungi; Insects, Injuri- ous and beneficial; Plants — -Diseases; Spray- ing; Trees — • Diseases and pests Refer from Evaporation of fruit (s) Refer from Agriculture; Arboriculture (s) ; Fruit; Gardening; Grafting; Horticulture (s) ; Orchards (s) ; Pomology (s) ; Pruning Refer from Boilers; Briquets; Chemistry, Technical; Combustion; Engines; Fire; Fur- naces; Heating; Home economics; Manufac- tures; Mechanical engineering; Smoke Refer from Slavery in the U. S. ; Underground railroad (slavery) Refer from Canon (music) ; Composition (music); Counterpoint; Music; Music — Theory; Musical form Refer from Contagion and contagious dis- eases; Disinfection and disinfectants; Formal- dehyde; Smoke Refer from Floriculture; Fruit — Diseases and pests; Fruit culture; l'"umigation ; Gar- dening 1^6 Functions Si-e also Calculus; Groups, Theory of Funds see Finance; Sinking funds Funeral rites and ceremonies See also Burial; Funeral sermons; Indians • — Mortuary customs; Mourning customs Funeral sermons See also Obituaries Fungi See also Bacteriology; Crown gall; Cryp- togams; Dry rot; Fruit — Diseases and pests; Fungicides; Galls (botany); Mildew; Mold; Mushrooms; Plants — Diseases Fungicides See also Bordeaux mixture; Spraying Fur See also Fur-bearing animals; Fur trade; Hides and skins Fur-bearing animals- See also names of fur-bearing animals, e.g. Foxes, Seals (animals). Wolves Fur seals see Seals (animals) Fur trade See also Hudson Bay company; Trapping Furnaces See also Blast furnaces; Boilers; Cupola furnaces; Electric furnaces; Foundry work; Fuel ; Mechanical draft ; Metallurgy ; Smelt- ing Furniture See also Antiques; Bamboo; Beds; Cabi- net work; Candlesticks; Chairs; Church furniture; Garden ornaments and furniture; House decoration; Lamps; Library fittings and supplies; Mirrors; School furniture and equipment; Upholstery; Veneers and ve- neering; Wood carving Colonial Furs see Fur Future see Forecasts; Fortune telling; Future lite; Prophecies Future life See also Annihilation; Death; Escha- tology; Eternity; Future punishment; Heaven ; Hell ; Judgment day ; Millennium ; Purgatory; Resurrection; Salvation; Soul; Spiritualism; Transmigration Future punishment See also l'"uiure life; Hell; Purgatory; Universalism Future religion see Religion of the future Fylfot see Swastika Refer from Algebra ; Analysis (mathe- matics) (s) ; Calculus; Elliptic functions (s) ; Logarithms Refer from Archaeology; Burial; Christian antiquities; Death; Manners and customs; Alortuary customs (s) ; Rites and ceremonies Refer from Funeral rites and ceremonies; Obituaries; Sermons Refer from Agricultural pests; Cryptogams; Fruit — Diseases and pests; Microbes (s) ; Mildew; Mold; Mushrooms; Mycology (s) ; Parasites; Pests (s) ; Plants — Diseases Refer from Bordeaux mixture; Fruit culture; Fungi; Germicides (s) ; Spraying Refer from Animal products; Clothing; Furs (s) ; Hides and skins Refer from Fur; Mammals; Zoology; Zo- ology, Economic Refer from Canada — Commerce ; Commerce; Fur; Hudson Bay company; Trapping Refer from Fuel; Heating; Metallurgy; Smelting Refer from Arts and crafts; Beds; Cabinet work; Chairs; Decoration and ornament; Home economics; House decoration; Indus- trial arts; Interior decoration (s) ; Manufac- tures; Upholstery; Wood carving Refer from Colonial furniture (s) ; Colonial life and customs Refer from Annihilation; Death; Escha- tology; Eternal life (s) ; Eternity; Future (s) ; Future punishment; Hades (s) ; Heaven; Hell; Immortality (s) ; Intermediate state (s) ; Judgment day; Life; Man; Millennium; Natural religion; Philosophy; Probation (theology) (s) ; Purgatory; Religion; Resur- rection; Retribution (s) ; Salvation; Soul; Theology; Universalism Refer from Death; Endless punishment (s) ; Eschatology; Future life; Hell; Punishment; Purgatory; Retribution (s) ; Sin; Theology; Universalism 157 Gables See also Roofs Gadhelic literature sfe Celtic literature Gadsden purchase Gaelic language See also Celtic languages; Irish language Gaelic literature See also Celtic literature; Irish literature (Celtic) Gaels see Celts Gaging Galaxy see Milky way Gales see Storms ; Winds Gallanty shows see Shadow pantomimes Galleries (art) see Art — Galleries and mu- seums; also special galleries Galleys Gallic wars See also Gauls; Rome — History — Re- public Galilean church see Catholic church in France Galls (botany) See also Crown gall Galvanic batteries see Electric batteries Galvanism see Electricity Galvanizing See also Electroplating; Plating Galvanometer See also Electric measurement Galvanoplasty see Electrometallurg\- ; Electro- plating; Electrotyping Galveston plan of city go\ernment see Munic- ipal government — Commission plan Gambling See also Betting; Cards; Dice; Horse racing; Lotteries; Poker; Probabilities Game See also Game birds; Game laws; Game protection; Hunting; Shooting; Tracking; Trapping; also names of animals, e.g. Deer Game birds See also Falconry; Game; Shooting; also names of game birds, e.g. Ducks Game laws See also Game protection; Poaching Game protection See also Game laws Games See also Amusements; Athletics; Back- gammon; Baseball; Basket-ball; Billiards; Bowling; Cards, and names of card games; Checkers; Chess; College athletics; Count- ing out; Cricket; Croquet; Curling; Dice; Dominoes ; Football ; Gambling; Golf; Hand- ball ; Hockey; Indians — Games; Kinder- Refer from Architecture; Roofs Refer from Arizona; New Me.xico ; U. S. — Annexations Refer from Celtic languages; Erse (s) ; Irish language; Scottish language (s) Refer from Celtic literature; Irish literature (Celtic) ; Scottish literature Refer from Gauging (s) ; Mensuration; Weights and measures Refer from Punishment; Ships; Slavery; Warships Refer from Gauls; Rome — History — Re- public Refer from Botany — Physiology; Fungi; Plants — Diseases Refer from Electrogalvanizing (s) ; Electro- plating; Iron; Plating; Zinc Refer from Electric apparatus and appliances ; Electric measurement Refer from Betting; Cards; Crime and criminals; Ethics; Games; Gaming (s) ; Sports Refer from Big game (s) ; Game birds; Hunt- ing; Shooting; Zoology Refer from Birds; Ducks; Falconry; Game; Hunting; Shooting; Wild fowl (s) Refer from Animals — Protection (s) ; Birds • — -Protection; Fishing; Game; Game pro- tection; Hunting; Law; Poaching Refer from Animals — Protection (s) ; Birds — Protection; Game; Game laws; Hunting; Protection of game (s) Refer from Amusements; .Athletics; Cards; Pastimes (s) ; Physical education; Pla}- ; Recreation (s) ; Sports garten — Games and songs ; Lacrosse ; Olym- pic games ; Ping-pong; Play; Polo ; Rackets ; School athletics; Solitaire; Sports; String figures; Tennis; Toys Gaming see Gambling Gaols see Prisons Garages Garbage see Refuse and refuse disposal Garden cities See also Cities — Planning and laying out Garden furniture see Garden ornaments and furniture Garden of Eden see Eden Garden ornaments and furniture See also Concrete pottery; Rustic wood- work Gardening See also Acclimatization (plants) ; Agri- cultural pests; Agriculture; Botany; Electro- horticulture; Floriculture; Frost protection; Fruit culture; Fumigation of plants; Gar- dens; Grafting; Greenhouses; Insects, In- jurious and beneficial; Landscape garden- ing; Lawns; Market gardening; Nurseries (horticulture); Plant breeding; Plant propa- gation; Pruning; School gardens; Seedlings; Seeds ^ Selection and testing; Shrubs; Spraying; Vacant lot cultivation; Vegeta- bles; Weeds; Window gardening Gardens See also Botanical gardens; Garden orna- ments and furniture; Gardening; Landscape gardening; School gardens; Water gardens Garment cutting [for underwear, white goods, etc.] See also Dressmaking; Tailoring Garnishment see Attachment Garter, Order of the Gas See also Acetylene; Chemistry, Techni- cal; Coal-tar products; Gas and oil engines; Gas lighting; Gas producers; Gases; In- candescent gas-lighting; Petroleum Natural See also Geology, Economic Gas and oil engines See also Alcohol motors; Gas producers; Heat engines; Liquid fuel Gas companies See also Gas lighting Gas engines see Gas and oil engines Refer from Architecture ; Automobiles ; Barns and stables Refer from Cities; Cities — Planning and laying out; Housing problem; Industrial betterment; Municipal improvement Refer from Furniture; Garden furniture (s) ; Gardens; Landscape gardening; Rustic wood- work Refer from Agriculture; Botany; Country life; Farm life; Floriculture; Fruit culture; Gardens; Home economics; Horticulture (s) ; Industrial arts; Kitchen gardening (vege- tables) (s) ; Landscape gardening; Market gardening; Planting (s) ; Plants; Plants, Culti- vated; School gardens; Shrubs; Vegetable gardening (s) ; Vegetables Refer from Botanical gardens; Flower gar- dens (s) ; Gardening; Landscape gardening Refer from Clothing; Cutting (s) ; Dress- making; Under\fear Refer from Knights and knighthood; Order of St. George (English) (s) ; Order of the Garter (s) Refer from Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Technical; Coal; Coal gas (s) ; Coal-tar prod- ucts; Fuel; Gas lighting; Gases; Illuminating gas (s) ; Lighting; Manufactures; Petroleum; Producer gas (s) Refer from Fuel; Gas wells (s) ; Geology, Economic; Natural gas (s) ; Wells Refer from Engines; Gas; Gas engines (s) ; Gas motors (s) ; Gas producers; Gasoline engines (s) ; Heat engines ; Internal combustion engines (s) ; Kerosene engines (s) ; Liquid fuel; Marine engines; Motors; Oil engines (s) ; Petrol engines (s) ; Petroleum engines (s) Refer from Gas lighting; Public service corporations 159 Gas fitting Sn- also Gas meters ; Pipe filling; Plumbing Gas lighting See also Acetylene; Electric gas lighting; Gas; Gas companies; Gas meters; Incan- descent gas-lighting Gas mantles see Incandescent gas-lighting Gas meters Gas motors see Gas and oil engines Gas producers See also Gas and oil engines Gas wells see Gas, Natural Gases See also Acetylene; Aerodynamics; Air; Argon; Chemistry; Electric discharges through gases; Eudiometer; Fire damp; Gas; Helium; Ionization of gases; Lique- faction of gases; Nitrogen; Oxygen; Ozone; Viscosity Kinetic theory Gasoline Gasoline engines see Gas and oil engines Gasoline launches see Motor boats Gasteropoda See also MoUusks Gastronomy see Cookery; Dinners and dining; Eating; Food Gastropoda see Gasteropoda Gates See also Fences Gauging see Gaging Gauls See also Celts; France — History — To 1328 ; Gajlic wars Gazetteers See also Names, Geographical; also names of countries, subhead Description and travel — Gazetteers Gearing See also Machine design; Mechanical movements; Power transmission; Valves and valve gears Geese See also Poultry; Water birds Gelatin See also Glue; Physiological chemistry Gems See also Cameos; Diamonds; Glyptics; Intaglios; Jewelry; Precious stones Genealogy See also Biographj'; Estates, Unclaimed; Heraldry; Peerage; Precedence; Royal descent. Families of; Visitations, Heraldic; Vital records; Wills; also names of families, and names of countries and cities, subhead Genealogy Generals See also Military biography Generation see Reproduction Refer from Pipe fitting; Plumbing Refer from Gas; Gas companies; Incan- descent gas-lighting; Lighting Refer from Gas fitting; Gas lighting; Meters (s) Refer from Gas ; Gas and oil engines ; Pro- ducer gas (s) Refer from Chemistry ; Expansion (physics); Fluids; Gas; Mechanics; Physics; Pneumat- ics (s) ; Vapor (s) Refer from Kinetic theory of gases (s) Refer from Liquid fuel ; Petrol (s) ; Petroleum Refer from Gastropoda (s) ; Mollusks Refer from Architecture; Doors; Fences Refer from Celts; Ethnology — France; France — History — To 1328; Gallic wars Refer from Geography; Geography — Dic- tionaries (s) ; Names, Geographical Refer from Bevel gearing (s) ; Cog-wheels (s) ; Cogwheels (s) ; Machine design; Machinery; Mechanical movements; Power transmission; Spiral gearing (s) Refei from Goose (s) ; Poultr)-; Water birds; Wild geese (s) Refer from Animal products; Glue; Isin- glass (s) ; Physiological chemistry Refer from Archaeology; Art; Cameos; Decoration and ornament; Diamonds; En- graving; Glyptics; Intaglios; Jewelry; Lapi- dary work (sj ; Mineralog}'; Precious stones Refer from Ancestry (s) ; Biography; De- scent (s) ; Families (s) ; Heraldry; Ilistory; History — Sources; Pedigrees (s) Refer from Military biography 160 Generation, Spontaneous, see Spontaneous generation Generators, Electric, see Dynamos Geneva award see Alabama claims Genius See also Ability; Precocity; Talent Gentlemen See also Courtesy; Etiquet Geochemistry See also Mineral waters; Mineralogy; Ores ; Rocks Geodes Geodesy See also Astronomy, Spherical and practi- cal; Azimuth; Earth — Figure; Geography, Mathematical; Latitude and longitude; Least squares; Pendulum; Surveying; also names of countries and states, subhead Surveys Geodetic surveying see Surveying Geognosy see Geology Geographical distribution of animals and plants See also Acclimatization (plants) ; Ani- mals — Migration ; Ecology ; Plant introduc- tion ; Plants — Migration; Seeds — Dis- persal Geographical distribution of men see Anthro- pogeography Geographical myths Geographical names see Names, Geographical Geographical pathology see Medical geography- Geographical societies See also Alpine clubs Geography See also Antarctic regions; Anthropogeog- raphy; Arctic regions; Atlases ; Boundaries ; Commercial geography; Continents; Dis- coveries and explorations ; Distances ; Earth ; Ethnologv' ; Explorers ;Gazetteers ; Geograph- ical myths; Geographical societies; Globes; Islands; Latitude and longitude; Map draw- ing; Maps; Medical geography; Names, Geographical; Physical geography; Sur- veying; Tropics; Views; Voyages and travels; also names of countries, subhead Dcscripticjn and travel Ancient See also Bible — Geography; also names of countries of antiquity, subhead De- scription, geography Biblical, see Bible — Geography Commercial, see Commercial geography Dictionaries, see Gazetteers Economic, see Commercial geography Refer from Ability; Heredity; Insanity; Intellect; Psychology; Talent Refer from Conduct of life ; Ethics; Etiquet; Men; Young men Refer from Chemical geology (s) ; Chemis- try ; Earth ; Geological chemistry (s) ; Geology, chemical (s) ; Mineralogy; Ores; Physical geography; Rocks Refer from Geology; Rocks Refer from Astronomy; Degrees of latitude and longitude (s) ; Earth; Earth — Figure; Geography, Mathematical; Alathematics; Mensuration; Surveying; Triangulation (s) ; Trigonometry Refer from Animals — Geographic distribu- tion (s) ; Animals — Migration; Botany; Bot- any, Geographic (s) ; Distribution of animals and plants (s) ; Ecolog)' ; Physical geography; Phytogeography (s) ; Plant geography (s) ; Plants — Geographic distribution (s) ; Plants — Migration; Zoogeography (s) ; Zoology Refer from Folklore; Geography; Geography — History; Imaginary islands (s) ; Islands, Imaginary (s) Refer from Alpine clubs; Geography; So- cieties Refer from Atlases; Earth; Physical geog- raphy; Science; Topography (s) ; Voyages and travels Refer from Ancient geography (s) ; Classical geography (s) ; Geograpii)', Historical; Geog- raphy — History; History, Ancient i6i Geography — Continued Historical Sre also Geography, Ancient; Historical atlases History See also Discoveries and explorations; Geographical myths; Geography, Ancient Mathematical See also Astronom}-; Geodesy; Latitude and longitude; Sur\eying; Topographical drawing Medical, see Medical geography Physical, see Physical geography Political, see Boundaries; also names of countries and states, subhead Boundaries Social, see Anthropogeography Study and teaching Geological cliemistry see Geochemistry Geological surveys Geologists Geology See also Alluvium; Beaches; Boulders; Coal; Concretions; Creation; Deluge; Dikes (geology); Drift; Earth; Earth — Age; Earthquakes; Erosion; Evolution; Geodes ; Geological surveys ; Geysers and hot springs ; Glacial period; Glaciers; Igneous rocks; Landslides; Man — Origin and antiquity; Metals; Mineralogy; Moraines; Mountains; Ore deposits; Paleontology; Physical ge- ography; Rocks; Sedimentation and dep- osition; Soils; Stone; Volcanoes Chemical, see Geochemistry Ecoijomic See also Abrasives; Asbestos; Asphalt; Building stones; Cement; Chalk; Cla\-; Coal ;Coal regions ;Gas, Natural ; Graph ite ; Gypsum; Metals; Mineral waters; Mines and mineral resources ; Ore deposits ; Ores ; Peat; Petroleum; Phosphates; Quarries and quarrying ; Salt ; Soils ; Stone ; Sulphur Stratigraphic See also Paleontology Algonkian Archaean -Cambrian -Carboniferous Refer from Historical atlases; Historical geography (s) ; History Refer from Discoveries and explorations Refer from Astronomy; Geodesy; Latitude and longitude; Mathematical geography (s) ; Mathematics; Surveying -Cenozoic See also Quaternary Tertiary -Cretaceous -Devonian Refer fro )n Geology; Surveys (s) Refer jrom Scientists Refer from. Alluvium ; Concretions ; Creation ; Drift; Earth; Earth — Age; Earthquakes; Erosion; Geognosy (s) ; Geonomy (s) ; Glacial period; Man — Origin and antiquity; Min- eralogy ; Mountains ; Natural history; Paleon- tology; Physical geography; Physical geol- ogy (s) ; Rocks; Science; Sedimentation and deposition; Volcanoes Refer from Abrasives; Asbestos; Asphalt; Building stones; Cement; Chemical geol- ogy (s) ; Clay; Coal; Coal regions ; Economic geology (s) ; Gas, Natural ; Graphite ; Gypsum ; Metals; Mineral waters; Mines and mineral resources; Natural resources; Ore deposits; Ores; Peat; Petroleum; Phosphates; Salt; Sulphur Refer from Stratigraphy (s) Refer from Algonkian period (s) ; Geology, Stratigraphic — Proterozoic (s) Refer from Archaean period (s) Stratigraphic — Pre-Cambrian (s) ; brian period (s) Refer from Cambrian period (s) Stratigraphic — Paleozoic Refer from Carboniferous period (s ology, Stratigraphic — Paleozoic Geology, Pre-Cam- Geology, Ge- Geology, Stratigraphic — /J^/cr /row Cenozoic era (s) Geology, Stratigraphic — -Eocene -Glacial, see Glacial period Refer from Cretaceous period (s) ; Geology, Stratigraphic — Mesozoic Refer from Devonian period (s) ; Geology, Stratigraphic — Paleozoic; Oriskan\' forma- tion (s) Refer from Eocene period (s) ; Geology, Stratigraphic — Tertiary 162 Geology — Stratigraphic — Continued Jurassic -Lower Silurian, see Geology, Strati- graphic — Ordovician -Mesozoic See also Geology, Stratigraphic — Cretaceous; Geology, Stratigraphic — Jurassic; Geology, Stratigraphic — Tri- assic -Miocene -Ordovician -Paleozoic See also Geology, Stratigraphic — Cambrian; Geology, Stratigraphic — Carboniferous; Geology, Stratigraphic — - Devonian ; Geology, Stratigraphic — Ordovician; Geology, Stratigraphic — Permian; Geology, Stratigraphic- — Si- lurian -Permian -Pleistocene, see Glacial period -Pliocene -Pre-Cambrian, see Geology, Strati- graphic — Archaean -Proterozoic, see Geology, Stratigraphic — Algonkian -Quaternary Sfe also Glacial period -Silurian -Tertiary See also Geology, Stratigraphic — Eocene; Geology, Stratigraphic — Mio- cene; Geology, Stratigraphic — Plio- cene -Triassic Geology — U. S. See also Paleontology — U. S. ; Physical geography — U. S. Geology and the Bible see Bible and science Geometrical drawing See also Geometry, Descriptive ; Graphics ; Mechanical drawing; Perspective; Projec- tion Geometry See also Angles; Axioms; Circle; Circle- squaring; Conic sections; Curves; Fourth dimension; Geometrical drawing; Mathe- matics; Mensuration; Perspective; Porisms; Quaternions; Surfaces; Trigonometry Analytic See also Conic sections; Curves; Sur- faces Descriptive Sec also Pcrspecti\c ; Projection; Shades and shadows; Slcrcotomy Refer from Geology, Stratigraphic — Meso- zoic ; Jurassic period (s) Refer from Mesozoic era (s) Refer from Geology, Stratigraphic — Ter- tiary; Miocene period (s) Refer from Geology, Stratigraphic — Lower Silurian (s) ; Geology, Stratigraphic — Pale- ozoic; Lower Silurian period (s) ; Ordovician period (s) Refer from Paleozoic era (s) Refer from Geology, Stratigraphic — Pale- ozoic ; Permian period (s) Refer from Geology, Stratigraphic — Ter- tiary; Pliocene period (s) Refer from Geology, Stratigraphic — Cen- ozoic; Glacial period; Quaternary period (s) Refer from Geology, Stratigraphic — Pale- ozoic; Silurian period (s) Refer from Geology, Stratigraphic — Cen- ozoic; Tertiary period (s) Refer from Geology, Stratigraphic — Mes- ozoic ; Triassic period (s) Refer from Paleontology — U. S. ; Physical geography — U. S. ; U. S. — Geology (s) Refer from Drawing; Geometry; Graphics; Mathematical drawing (s) ; Mechanical draw- ing; Projection Refer from Angles; Axioms; Circle; Circle- squaring; Mathematics; Plane geometry (s) ; Solid geometry (s) ; Stereography (s) ; Trigo- nometry Refer from Analytical geometry (s) ; Conic sections; Coordinate geometry (s) Refer from Descriptive geometry (s) ; Geo- metrical drawing; Projection; Shades and shadows 163 Geonomy see GeoIog\' ; Physical geoeraphy Germ theory of disease Si'i' ^/jo Bacteriology Refer from Bacilli (s) ; Bacteriology; Con- tagion and contagious diseases; Disease germs (s) ; Germs (s) ; Medicine; Pathology German (dance) see Cotillion German-American literature See also Germans in the U. S. Refer from American literature; German German Baptist brethren Refer from Baptists; Dunkards (s) ; Dun- kers (s) ; Sects; Seventh-day Baptists; Tun- literature; Germans in the U. S. Refer from Baptists kers (s) ; Sects ; Seve: kards (s) ; Tunkers (s) German dictionaries see German language - Dictionaries German drama See also Dramatists, German; German Refer from Dramatists, German; German literature ; Theater — Germany literature ; Theater — Germans- German empire (Western empire) see Holy Roman empire German fiction Sf^ fl/jo German literature Refer from German literature; Cjjrman romances (s) German grammar see German language — Grammar German Mebrew see Yiddish language German language See also Germanic languages Refer from Germanic languages Accents Antonyms see German language — Syn- onyms and antonyms Composition Conversation and phrase books Dialects S/i' also Low German language Dictionaries Refer from German dictionaries (s) Etymology Grammar Refer from German grammar (s) ; German language — Syntax (s) -History Idioms Meter, see German language — Prosody Orthography, see German language — Spelling Pronunciation Prosody Refer from German language — Meter (s) Readers Spelling Refer from German language — Orthog- raphy (s) Study and teaching Synonyms and anton5mis Refer from German language — ■ Anto- nyms (s) Syntax, see German language — Grammar German literature See also Austrian literature; Authors, Refer from Austrian literature; Authors, German ; German-American literature ; Ger- German; German drama; German fiction; man drama; German fiction; German German poetry poetry; Parodies; Romances German philosophy see Philosophy, German German poetry S/v a/.io German literature ; Mcistersingcrs ; Refer from German lilcialuic; Meisler- Minnesingers ; Poets, German singers; Alinnesingers ; Poets, German German romances For medieval romances see Romances; for modern romances see German fiction 164 Germanic languages See also Anglo-Saxon language; Aryan Refer from Anglo-Saxon language; Aryan languages; Danish language; Dutch Ian- languages ; Dutch language ; English language; guage; English language; Flemish language; I-lemish language; German language; Gothic Germanlanguage;Gothiclanguage;Grimm's language; Low German language; Old Saxon law; Icelandic language; Low German language; Scandinavian languages; Teutonic language; Norwegian language; Old Saxon languages (s) language; Runes; Scandinavian languages; Swedish language Germanic mythology see Mythology, Germanic Germanic race see Teutonic race Germans in Pennsylvania See also Germans in the V. S. ; Redemp- tioners; Schwcnkfclders Germans in the U. S. See also German-American literature; Germans in Pennsylvania; U. S. — History — Revolution — German troops Germany — History See also Hanseatic league; Holy Roman empire ; Prussia — History To 1517 See also Franks; Goths 1517-1740 See also Peasants' war; Reformation — German}-; Spanish succession, War of; Thirt}' )-ears' war 1740-1815 See also Austrian succession. War of; Napoleonic wars; Seven years' war 1815-1866 See also Germany — History — Rev- Refer from Germans in the U. S. ; Pennsyl- vania Dutch (sj ; Pennsylvania Germans (s) Refer frovi German-American literature; Germans in Pennsylvania; U. S. — Foreign population Refer from Hanseatic league; Holy Roman empire ; Prussia — History Refer from Franks; Goths Refer from Peasants' war; Reformation — Germany; Thirty years' war Refer from Austrian succession, War of; Seven years' war olution, 1848-18.19 Revolution, 1848-1849 1866- See also Franco-German war; Triple alliance, 1883- Germicides see Disinfection and disinfectants; Fungicides Germination See also Botany — Physiology; Seeds Germs see Bacteriology; Germ theory of disease Gerrymander Gesso See also Arts and crafts Gesture See also Dclsartc 'system; I'^locution Pantf)mime; Sign language Gettysburg, Battle of, 1863 See also U. S. — History — Civil war Geysers and hot springs See also Springs Ghettos See also Jews Gliibc-liines see Guclfs and Ghibellincs Ghost dance See also Indians — Dances Ghost stories Refer from Germany — History — 1815- 1866; Revolutions Refer from Botany — Embryology; Bot- any — Physiology; Seeds Refer from Elections; Elections — U. S. ; Representative government and representa- tion; U. S. — Politics Refer from Arts and crafts; Mural painting and decoration; Plaster and plastering; Stucco Refer frot Pantomime Acting; Elocution; Oratory; Refer from Battles; U. S.— Historj Civil war — Campaigns and battles Refer from Geology; Hot springs (s) ; Physi- cal geography; Springs; Thermal springs (s) Refer from Jewries (s) ; Jews Refer from Indians — Dances Refer from Ghosts 165 Ghosts See also Apparitions; Demonology; Ghost stories; Illusions and hallucinations; Psychi- cal research; Spiritualism; Superstition Giants Gifts See also Charities ; Christmas gifts ; Philan- thropy Gifts (kindergarten) see Kindergarten Gilding See also Electroplating; Metal coloring GUds See also Employers' associations ; Labor unions; Livery; Neighborhood gilds; also names of cities, subhead Gilds Ginseng Gipsies See also Nomads Gips}' language see Rcjmany language Gipsy moth Girders See also Bridges; Building; Graphic statics; Roofs; Steel construction; Strains and stresses; Trusses Girls See also Child labor; Children; Coeduca- tion; Education; Education of women; Girls' dubs; School children; \\'r)men ; Young women; ^'outh Girls' clubs Girondists See also French revolution Giving j-^f Charity; Gifts; Philanthrop)^ Glacial drift see Drift Glacial period See also Drift; Geology; Geology, Strati- graphic — Quaternary; Glaciers; Man — Origin and antiquity Glaciers See also Boulders; Drift; Erosion; Glacial period; Ice; Icebergs; Moraines; Physical geography Gladiators Gladness see Cheerfulness; Contentment; Happiness Glands See also Anatom\- ; Li\cr Glass See also Annealing; Glass flowers; Glass manufacture; Glazing; Stained glass; Win- dows Ornamental See also Stained glass Glass flowers Refer from Apparitions; Folklore; Haunted houses (s) ; Illusions and hallucinations; Psychical research; Specters (s) ; Spectres (s) ; Spirits (s) ; Superstition Refer from Man; Monsters Refer from Bequests (s) ; Deeds; Ethics; Giving (s) ; Presents (s) Refer from Goldsmithing ; Metal coloring; Painting, Mechanical; Plating Refer from Associations (s) ; Commerce; Corporations; Economics; Guilds (s) ; Labor and laboring classes; Labor organizations (s) ; Labor unions; Local government; Societies; Sociology; Workingmen's associations (s) Refer from Agricultural products; \Iedical botany Refer from Ethnology; Gypsies (s) ; Nomads ; Vagabonds (s) Refer from Gypsy moth (s) ; Moths; Trees — Diseases and pests Refer from Beams (s) ; Bridges; Building Graphic statics; Plate girders (s) ; Roofs Steel construction; Strains and stresses Strength of materials ; Trusses Refer from Children; Conduct of life; Women; Working girls (s) ; Young people (s) ; Young women; Youth Refer from Clubs; Girls; Women's clubs Refer from French rexolution Refer from Drift; Earth; Geology; Geology, Stratigraphic — • Glacial (s) ; Geology, Strati- graphic — Pleistocene (s) ; Geology, Strati- graphic — Quaternary; Glaciers; Ice age (s) ; Man — Origin and antiquit)'; Pleistocene period (s) Refer from Boulders; Drift; Erosion; Geol- ogy; Glacial period; Ice; Moraines; Physical geography; Water Refer from Amphitheaters; Fighting (s) ; Rome — Social life and customs Refer from Anatonn-; I.i\'er Refer from Annealing; Arts and crafts; Building materials; Cut glass (s) ; Plate glass (s) ; Windows Refer from Art glass (s) ; Stained glass Refer from Artificial flowers; Flowers; Glass 1 66 Glass manufacture ■SV^ also Chemistry, Technical; Mirrors; Optical instruments Glass painting see Stained glass Glassites see Sandemanians Glazing Glees See also Choruses and part songs; Songs Gliders see Aeroplanes Globes See also Astronomy Gloves Sre also Costume Glucose See also Chemistry, Technical Glue See also Adhesives; Bone products; Gela- tin ; Paste Glyptics See also Gems Gnomes see Fairies Gnomonics see Sundials Gnosticism Goats See also Angora goats; Ungulata Gobelin tapestry Goblins see Fairies God See also Absolute, The; Agnosticism; Atheism; Bible; Causation; Christianity; Creation; Deism; Holy Spirit; Idolatry; Jesus Christ; Metaphysics; Monotheism; Mythology; Natural religion; Pantheism; Polytheism; Providence; Religion; Tele- ology; Theism; Theocracy; Theology; Trinity Gold See also Alchemy; Cyanide process; Gold (as money); Gold dredging; Gold mines and mining; Goldsmithing; Jewelry; Precious metals Gold (as money) See also Bimetallism; Coinage; Money Gold cure Gold dredging •SVt' also Gold mines and mining Gold mines and mining See also Gold dredging; Hydraulic mining; Prospecting Gold plate see Plate Golden fleece see Argonauts Goldsmithing See also Arts and crafts; Gilding; Hall marks; Jewelry; Metal coloring; Plate Golf Good Friday See also Lent Refer from Chemistry, Technical; Glass; Industrial arts; Manufactures Refer from Glass; Pottery Refer from Choruses and part songs; Music; Songs Refer from Astronomy; Earth; Geography; Maps Refer from Costume; Hand Refer from Chemistry, Technical ; Sugar Refer from Adhesives; Animal products; Bone products; Cement; Chemistry, Tech- nical; Gelatin; Paste Refer from Art; Carving (art industries); Engraving; Gems Refer from Philosophy Refer from Angora goats; Dairying; Domes- tic animals; Ungulata Refer from Tapestry Refer from Atheism; Bible; Christianity; Creation; Deism; Alonotheism ; Natural re- ligion; Pantheism; Philosophy; Religion; Teleology; Theism; Theodicy (s) ; Theology; Trinity Refer from Precious metals Refer from Bimetallism; Coinage; Gold; Aloney ; Specie (s) Refer from Alcoholism; Inebriate asylums; Keeley cure (s) ; Therapeutics Refer from Dredging; Gold; Gold mines and mining; Hydraulic mining; Placer mining (s) Refer from Gold; Gold dredging; Hydraulic mining; Mines and mineral resources Refer from Arts and crafts; Gold; Hall marks; Jewelry; Metal coloring; Metal work; Plate Refer from Games Refer from Christian year; Fasts and feasts; Holy week; Lent 167 Goodness See also \'irtue Refer from Christian life and character; Ethics ; \'irtue Goose see Geese Gorillas See also Apes 'Refer from Apes; Monkeys; Primates Gospels see Bible — New Testament — Gospels Gothenburg system See also Dispensary system Refer from Dispensary system; Liquor laws; Liquor traffic Gothic architecture see Architecture, Gothic Gothic language See also Germanic languages Refer from Germanic languages Goths .SV^ also Barbarian invasions of Rome; Refer from Barbarian invasions of Rome; Germany — History — T01517 Germany — -History — To 1517; Ostro- goths (s) ; Teutonic race; Visigoths (s) Gout Refer from Medicine — Practice Government See also Anarchism and anarchists; Arls- Refer from Administration (s) ; Aristocracy; tocracy ; Ballot; Bureaucracy; Cabinet sys- Citizenship; Civics (s) ; Civil government (s) ; tem; Charters; Church and state; Citizen- Constitutional law; Constitutions; Democ- ship; Civil rights ; Civil service; Civilization; racy; History; Law; Legislation ; Alonarchy; Colonies and colonization; Communism; Political science (s) ; Politics; Republics; Constitutional history; Constitutional law; Science; Social science (s) ; Sociology; Sov- Constitutions ; Crime and criminals ; Democ- ereignty; State, The (s) ; Statesmanship (s) racy; Despotism; Diplomacy; Diplomatic and consular service; Divine right of kings; Economics; Education and state; Elections; Equality; Executive power; Federal govern- ment; Feudalism; Finance; Free institu- tions; Government ownership; Government regulation of industry ; Home rule ; Immigra- tion and emigration ; Impeachment ; Imperial federation; Imperialism; Individualism; Law; Legislation; Legislative bodies; Liberalism; Liberty; Local government; Magistrates; Matriarchy; Military govern- ment; Monarchy; Municipal government; Nations; Nihilism; Nominations; Nullifica- tion; Oaths; Oligarcliy; Paternalism; Patriarchy; Patriotism; Petition, Right of; Platforms, Political; Police; Police power; Political conventions; Political corruption; Political ethics; Political offenses; Political parties; Politics; Primaries; Prisons; Privi- leged classes; Property; Proportional repre- sentation; Punishment; Race problems; Railroads and state; Rebellion; Recall; Reciprocity; Referendum; Regency; Reli- gious liberty; Representative government and representation; Republics; Revolutions; Riots; Secession; Serfdom; Slavery; Social contract; Socialism; Society, Primitive; Sociology; Sovereignty; State governments; State rights; Statesmen; Statistics; Suf- frage ; Taxation ; Theocracy ; Town meeting ; Towns; Treaties; Tribes and tribal system; Tyranny; Utopias; Veto; Village communi- ties ; Villages; also names of countries and states, subheads Constitution, Government, and Politics, and names of cities, subhead Government and politics Government banking see Banks and banking; Postal savings banks 168 Government by commission see Municipal government — Commission plan Government buildings see Public buildings Government officials see Civil service Government ownership See also Government regulation of indus- try; Municipal ownership ; Postal telegraph; Public service corporations; Railroads and state ; Socialism Government publications See also names of countries, subhead Gov- ernment publications Government regulation of industry See also Corporation law; Corporations; Factory laws; Government ownership; Interstate commerce ; Labor laws ; Municipal ownership; Paternalism; Police power; Pub- lic service commissions; Public service cor- porations; Railroad commissions; Railroads — Rates; Railroads and state; State rights; Trusts Refer from Corporations; Economics; Fed- eral ownership (s) ; Government; Government regulation of industry; Monopolies; Municipal ownership; National ownership (s) ; Nation- alism (s) ; Paternalism; Postal telegraph; Pub- lic ownership (s) ; Public service corporations; Railroads — Government ownership (s) ; Railroads and state; Socialism; State owner- ship (s) » Refer frovi Documents (s) ; Official publica- tions (s) ; Public documents (s) ; State publi- cations (s) Refer from Commerce; Economics; Federal regulation of industry (s) ; Government; Government ownership; Industry; Municipal ownership; Paternalism; Police power; Public service commissions; Public service corpora- tions; Railroads and state; State regulation of industry (s) Governors Gowrie conspiracy, 1600 See also Scotland — History Graal see Grail Grace (theology) See also Justification Grade crossings see Railroads — Crossings Grading in schools see School grading and pro- motions Graduated taxation see Taxation, Progressive Graduation see Commencements Graft See also Bribery; Political corruption Grafting See also Fruit culture Grail See also Arthurian romances Grain See also Barley; Corn; Grain elevators; Refer from Biography; U. S. — Statesmen Refer from Scotland — History Biography; Refer from Conversion; Justification; Sal- vation ; Theology Refer from Boss rule; Bribery; Crime and criminals; Political corruption; Political ethics Refer from Forests and forestry; Fruit cul- ture; Gardening; Plant propagation; Trees Refer from Arthurian romances; Graal (s) ; Greal (s) ; Holy grail (s) ; Legends ; Sangreal (s) Refer from Agricultural products; Barley; Oats; Rice; Seeds — Selection and testing; Brcadstuifs (s) ; Cereals (s) ; Corn; Feedin^, Wheat and feeding stuffs ; Flour and flour mills ; Food ; Oats; Threshing; Wheat Grain elevators Graining See also Painting, Mechanical; Stains and staining; Wood finishing Grammar See also Etymology; Grammar, English; Prosody ; also names of languages other than tax (s) ; Words English, e.g. German language — Grammar 169 Refer from Architecture; Elevators, Grain (s) ; Grain; Warehouses Refer from Painting, Mechanical; Stains and staining; Wood finishing; Woodwork Refer from Accidence (s) ; Language; Syn- Grammar — Continued English Grammar schools Set' also Education, Elementary Gramophone see Phonograph Grand jury see Jury Grand opera see Opera Grange Grangerism see Extra illustration Granite See also Building stones; Rocks Grape See also Fruit ; Wine Grapes see Grape Graphic arts see Art; Drawing; Engra\ing; Painting Graphic statics See also Bridges; Girders; Mechanical drawing; Roofs; Steel construction; Strains and stresses; Strength of materials Graphics See also Geometrical drawing; Graphic statics; Mechanical drawing Graphite SV^ also Geology, Economic Graphology See also Penmanship; Writing Graphophone see Phonograph Grass see Grasses Grasses See also Bamboo; Clover; Feeding and feeding stuffs ; Forage plants ; Grazing ; Hay ; Lawns; Pastures and meadows Grasshoppers see Locusts Grave mounds see Alounds and mound builders Graves see Burial; Cemeteries; Mounds and mound builders; Tombs Gravestones see Tombstones Graveyards see Cemeteries Gravitation See also Astronomy; Matter; Pendulum; Physics; Potential, Theory of; Specific gravity; Weights and measures Gray friars see Franciscans Grazing See also Forage " plants ; Pastures and meadow s Grcal see Grail Grease see Lubrication and lubricants; Oils and fats Great Lakes Refer from English grammar (s) ; English language; English language — Grammar (s) ; English language — Syntax (s) ; English syn- tax (s) ; Grammar Refer from Education; Education, Elemen- tar\'; Public schools; Schools Refer from Agricultural societies ; Commerce ; Farmers; Patrons of husbandry (s) ; Secret societies Refer from Building stones; Igneous rocks; Stone ; Rocks Refer from Fruit; Grapes (s) ; Vine (s) ; Vines (s) ; Vineyards (s) ; Viticulture (s) ; Wine Refer from Bridges; Building; Girders; Graphics; Mechanical drawing; Mechanics; Roofs; Statics; Steel construction; Strains and stresses ; Strength of materials Refer from Drawing; Geometrical drawing; Mechanical drawing Refer from Black lead (s) ; Carbon; Geology, Economic; Plumbago (s) Refer from Character; Character reading (s) ; Handwriting (s) ; Penmanship; Psychology; Writing Refer from Agrostology (s) ; Botany, Eco- nomic; Feeding and feeding stuffs; Forage plants; Grass (s) ; Hay; Herbage (s) ; Lawns; Pastures and meadows Refer from Astronomy; Centrifugal force; Matter; Pendulum; Physics; Specific gravity; Weights and measures Refer Jrom Forage plants; Grasses; Li\e slock; Pastures and meadows; V'. S. — Public lands Refer from Lakes; U. S. — Commerce; Waterways — Canada; Waterways — U. S. Great schism, 1378-1417, see Schism, The great western, 1378-1417 Greek architecture see Architecture, Greek Greek church See also Coptic church ; Eastern churches Greek civilization see Greece — Civilization; Hellenism Greek culture see Hellenism Greek drama See also Dramatists, Greek; Greek litera- ture ; Theater — Greece Greek empire see Byzantine empire Greek language [subdivided like German language] See also Aryan languages Greek language (modem) Greek letter societies see Fraternities, College; Fraternities, High school Greek literature See also Authors, Greek; Classical litera- ture; Greek drama; Greek poetry; Hellen- ism ; Satire, Greek Greek literature (modem) Greek mythology see IVlythology, Classical Greek philosophy see Philosophy, Greek Greek poetry See also Greek drama; Greek literature; Poets, Greek Greek satire see Satire, Greek Greenbacks See also Legal tender; Money — U. S. ; Paper money Greenhouses iSV^ also Alarket gardening Greetings see Salutations Gregorian calendar see Calendar Gregorian chant see Chants Gregorian music see Chants Grey friars see Franciscans Grilles See also Ironwork; Lattice Grimm's law Grinding and polishing See also Abrasives; Machine shop practice Grippe see Influenza Grist mills see Flour and flour mills Groceries Grotesque See also Caricature and cartoons Grottoes see Caves Ground water see Water, Underground Group plan for public buildings see Municipal centers Groups, Theory of See also Algebra ; Crystallography Refer from Catholic church; Eastern church- es ; Holy eastern church (s) ; Orthodox eastern church (s) ; Russian church (s) Refer from Dramatists, Greek; Greek literature; Greek poetry; Theater — ^ Greece Refer from Aryan languages; Classical languages (s) Refer from Romaic language (s) Refer from Authors, Greek; Classical liter- ature; Greek drama; Greek poetry; Satire, Greek Refer from Romaic literature (s) Refer from Greek literature; Poets, Greek Refer from Fiat money (s) ; Legal tender; Money; Money — U. S.; Paper money Refer from Agriculture; Architecture; Con- servatories (s) ; Floriculture; Gardening; Hot- houses (s) ; Market gardening; Winter garden- ing (s) Refer from Architecture; Doors; Fret cutting (s) ; House decoration; Ironwork; Lattice ; W'indows Refer from Germanic languages Refer from Abrasives; Machine shop prac- tice; Machine tools; Polishing (s) Refer from Food Refer from Esthetics Refer from Algebra; Equations; Functions; Mathematics; Numbers; Theory of groups (s\ 171 Growth See also Regeneration (biology) Guano Sfc also Fertilizers and manures Guaranties and sureties See also Bail; Bailments; Bonds; Com- mercial law Guaranty of bank deposits see Banks and banking — - Guaranty of deposits Guardians See also Administrators and executors; Adoption; Domestic relations; Probate law and practice; Trustees Guelfs and Ghibellines See also Italy — History — To 1559 Guelphs see Guelfs and Ghibellines Guerillas see Guerrillas Guerrillas See also U. S. — History — Civil war Guests See also Entertaining; Hospitality Guide-books see names of countries and places, e.g. U. S. — Description and travel — Guidebooks Guidebooks see names of countries and places, e.g. U. S. — Description and travel — Guidebooks Guilds see Gilds Guillotine Guitar See also Stringed instruments Gulfs see Bays and gulfs Gums and resins See also Chemistry, Technical; Varnish and varnishing Gun see Guns Guncotton See also Celluloid; Cellulose; E.xplosives ; Gunpowder Gunnery .SV^ also Ammunition; Artillery; Artillery drill and tactics; Ballistics; E.xplosives; Firearms; Gunpowder; Guns; Ordnance; Projectiles; Rifle practice; Shooting; Target practice Gunning see Hunting; Shooting Gunpowder See also Ammunition; Explosives; Gun- cotton Gunpowder plot See also England — History — Stuarts Guns See also Ammunition ; Artillery ; Bayonets ; Firearms; Gunnery; Gunpowder; Naval guns; Ordnance; Pistols; Rifles; Shooting; Shotguns Refer from Age; Biology; Development (3); Physiology Refer fro ?n Fertilizers and manures Refer from Bail ; Bonding companies (s) ; Bonds; Commercial law; Contracts; Law; Sureties (s) Refer from Adoption; Domestic relations; Inheritance; Law; Probate law and practice; Trustees ; Wards (s) ; Wills Refer from Ghibellines (s) ; Guelphs (s) ; Italy — History — To 1559 Refer from Guerillas (s) ; International law; Military art and science; U. S. — History — Civil war; War Refer fro?n Entertaining; Etiquet; Home economics; Hospitality; Visiting (s) Refer from Capital punishment Refer from Musical instruments; Stringed instruments Refer from Chemistry, Technical; Forest products; Resins (s) ; Rosin (s) Refer from Celluloid; Cellulose; Explosives; Gunpowder Refer from Artillery; Artillery drill and tactics; Ballistics; Firearms; Fortiflcation ; Guns; Military art and science; Naval art and science; Naval gunnery (s) ; Ordnance; Pro- jectiles; Shooting; Target practice Refer from Ammunition; Chemistry, Tech- nical; Explosives; Firearms; Guncotton; Gun- nery; Guns; Ordnance; Powder (s) ; Smokeless powder (s) Refer from Catholic churcli in England; Conspiracies ; England — History — Stuarts Refer from Arms and armor; Cannon (s) ; Firearms; Gun (s) ; Gunnery; Hunting; Alachine guns (s) ; Ordnance; Rifles; Siiooting 172 Gutta-percha Si-f also Rubber Gymnasiums See also Gymnastics; Physical education Gymnastics See also Acrobats; Athletics; Drills and marches; Dumb-bells; Exercise; Gymnasi- ums; Indian clubs; Physical education Medical See also Mechanotherapy; Physical edu- cation; Swedish movement cure Gynecology see Women — Diseases Gypsies see Gipsies Gypsum See also Geology, Economic Gypsy language see Romany language G\'psy moth see Gipsy moth Gyroscope See also Railroads — Single rail Habeas corpus See also Constitutional law; Martial law Habit See also Inhibition; Instinct; Left- and right-handedness; Psychology; Subcon- sciousness Habitations, Human, see Architecture, Do- mestic; Housing problem Habitations of animals see Animals — Habi- tations* Habits of animals see Animals — Habits and behavior Hades see Future life; Hell Haematologv see Blood Hail Hair See also Baldness; Hairdressing Hair dressing see Hairdressing Hairdressing See also Costume; Fashion; Toilet Half-tone process see Photo-engraving Hall marks See also Goldsmithing ; l-'cwter; Plate; Silverware Hall of fame Halloween Hallucinations see Illusions and hallucinations Hamites See also Berbers Hamitic languages .S'(7' also African languages; Coptic lan- guage; Egyptian language Hand See also Ambidexterity; Anatomy; l'"ingcr prints; Gloves; Left- and right-liandedness ; Manicuring; Palmistry Refer from Chcmistr\-, Technical; Rubber Refer from G}mnastics; Physical education Refer from Acrobats; Athletics; Calisthen- ics (s) ; Callisthenics (s) ; Dumb-bells; Exer- cise; Gymnasiums; Hygiene; Indian clubs; Manly exercise (s) ; Ph}sical education ; Sports ; Training; Turning (gymnastics) (s) Refer from Mechanotherapy; Medical gym- nastics (s) ; Movement cure (s) ; Physical education; Swedish movement cure; Thera- peutic gymnastics (s) ; Therapeutics Refer from Fertilizers and manures; Geology, Economic Refer from Phj'sics ; Railroads — Single rail ; Rotation Refer from Arrest; Constitutional law; Law ; Martial law Refer from Conduct of life; Ethics; Inhibi- tion; Instinct; l-'sychology Refer from Meteorology; Storms; Water Refer from Baldness; Beauty, Personal Color of man; Head; Pathology Refer from Coiffure (s) ; Costume; Fashion Hair; Hair dressing (s) ; Toilet Refer from Goldsmithing ; Jewelr\-; Marks, Goldsmiths' (s) ; Plate; Plate marks (s) ; Silversmithing; Silverware Refer from Fame; U. S. — Biography Refer from All hallow eve (s) ; Fortune telling; Manners and customs; Superstition Refer from Berbers; Ethnology; Ethnology — Africa Refer from African languages; Coptic lan- guage; Eg\'ptian language Refer from Ambidexterity ; Anatom_\- ; Beauty, Personal; l""ingers (s) ; Left- and right-handed- ness 173 Hand-ball see Handball Hand-railings see Railings Handball Refer from Ball (s) ; Games; Hand-ball (s) Handicraft See also Arts and crafts; Domestic arts; Refer from Arts and crafts; Crafts (s) ; Industrial arts; Manual training; Occupa- Domestic arts; Industrial arts; Manual tions training; Occupations Handrailings see Railings Handwriting see Autographs; Graphology; Penmanship; Writing Hanging see Capital punishment Hanse towns see Hanseatic league Hanseatic league See also Germany — History; Middle Refer from Cities; Commerce; Germany — ages — History; also names of towns in the Commerce; Germany — History; Hanse league towns (s) ; Middle ages — History Happiness See also Cheerfulness; Contentment; Refer from Cheerfulness; Contentment; Hedonism ; Joy ; Optimism ; Pleasure Ethics; Gladness (s) ; Hedonism; Joy; Pleasure Harbor defense see Coast defense Harbors See also Breakwaters; Buoys; Civil en- Refer from Civil engineering; Commerce; gineering; Docks; Dredging; Jetties; Pilots Docks; Engineering; Hydraulic engineering; and pilotage; Wharves; also names of cities, Hydrography; Municipal improvement; Navi- subhead Harbor gation ; Ports (s) ; Transportation Hard times see Business depression; Panics Hardness Refer from Matter; Mineralogy Hardware See also Bolts and nuts; Cutlery; Files Refer from Building; Iron; Manufactures; and rasps; Knives; Locks and keys; Metal Metal work; Metals work; Nails and spikes; Screws; Tools Hare see Hares Harem See also Turkey — Social life and customs Refer from Polygamy; Seraglio (s) ; Turkey — Social life and customs; Women Hares See also Belgian hares ; Coursing ; Rabbits ; Refer from Belgian hares ; Coursing ; Hare (s) ; Rodents Rabbits; Rodents Harlequins see Clowns Harmonists See also Economy, Pa. Refer from Communism; Harmonites (s) ; Harmony society (s) ; Rappists (s) ; Sects Harmonites see Harmonists Harmonium see Reed organ Harmony See also Counterpoint; Melody; Modula- Refer from Composition (music); Melody; tion; Music — Theory Modulation; Music; Music — -Theory; Thorough bass (s) Harmony of the Gospels see Bible — New Testament — Gospels — Harmonies Harmony society see Harmonists Harness See also Q\\cckvc\n% Refer from Checkreins ; Horse; Leather; Manufactures; Saddlery (s) Harp Sf^ a/j-o Stringed instruments Refer from Musical instruments; Stringed instruments Harpoons ^^/^t /row Fishing; Whaling Harpsichord See also Musical instruments; Piano Refer from Musical instruments; Piano; Harrowing see Tillage Harvesters see Harvesting machinery Stringed instruments 174 Harvesting machinery See also Farm implements and machinery; Mowing machines Hasheesh see Hashish Hashish See also Hemp; Narcotics Hastings, Battle of See also England — History — • Normans Hate See also Emotions Hats See also Costume; Headgear; Milliner)- Haunted houses see Ghosts Hawking see Falconry Hay See also Alfalfa; Clover; Feeding and feeding stuffs; Grasses; Pastures and mead- ows Hay boxes see Fireless cookers Hay fever See also Catarrh ; Respiratory organs — Diseases Hay stoves see Fireless cookers Hazing See also Fraternities, College; Student life Head See also Anatom\-; Baldness; Brain; I^ar; Eye; Face; Hair; Headache; Mouth; Nose; Phrenology; Physiognomy; Skull Head-gear see Headgear Head-hunters See also Dyaks; Formosa Headache Headgear i'ct' a/io Costume ; Hats; Helmets; Milli- nery Headstones see Tombstones Healing see Therapeutics Healing, Mental, see Mental healing Health see Hygiene Health boards See also Hj-giene, Public Hcaltli insurance see Insurance, Health Health resorts See also Climate; Mineral waters; Sana- toriums; Summer resorls; Winter resorts Health thoughts see Mental healing Healths, Drinking of, see Drinking customs; Toasts Hearing See also Deafness; I'!ar; Senses and sensa- tion Heart See also Auscultation; Blood; Blood vessels; Sphygmograph Refer from Binders (s) ; Farm implements and machinery; Harvesters (s) ; Reapers (s) ; Reaping machines (s) Refer from Bhang (s) ; Hasheesh (s) ; Hemp; Narcotics Refer from England — - History — Normans Refer from Emotions Refer from Costume; Headgear; Manu- factures; Millinery Refer from Agricultural products; Feeding and feeding stuffs; Grasses; Pastures and meadows Refer from Autumnal catarrh (s) ; Catarrh; Fever; Medicine — Practice; Respiratory organs — Diseases Refer from Colleges and universities; Frater- nities, College; Secret societies; Student life Refer from Anatomy; Brain; Skull Refer Jroni Dyaks; Ethnolog\'; I'ormosa ; Malays Refer from Head; Medicine — Practice; Nervous system — Diseases Refer from Costume; Hats; Head-gear (s) ; Millinery Refer front Boards of health (s) ; Hygiene, Public; Public health boards (s) Refer from Climate; Hygiene; Invalids; Mineral waters; Resorts (s) ; Sanatoriums; Spas (s) ; Summer resorts ; Watering places (s) ; Winter resorts Refer from Acoustics (s) ; Audition (s) ; Deafness; Ear; Perception; Senses and sensa- tion ; Sound Refer from Blood; Blood vessels; Chest; \'ascular system Heat See also Animal heat; Boiling points; Calorimeters and calorimetry; Cold; Com- bustion; Earth — Temperature; Expansion (physics); Fire; Flame; Heating; Liquefac- tion of gases; Melting points; Physics; Pyrometers and pyrometry; Radiation; Steam; Sun; Temperature; Thermodynam- ics ; Thermometer Heat engines See also Air engines; Gas and oil engines; Steam engines; Thermodynamics Heathenism see Paganism Heating See also Boilers; Car heating, lighting and ventilation; Chimneys; Electric heating; Fireplaces ; Fuel ; Furnaces ; Heat ; Hot water heating; Steam heating; Stoves; Ventilation Heatstroke Heaven See also Angels; Future life Heavens see Astronomy Hebrew language See also Semitic languages; Yiddish lan- guage Hebrew literature See also Bible — Old Testament; Cabala; Hebrew poetry; Jewish literature; Oriental literature; Talmud; Yiddish literature Hebrew poetry See also Bible — Old Testament — Poeti- cal books ; Hebrew literature Hebrew's see Jews Hedges See also Evergreens; Landscape garden- ing; Shrubs Hedonism See also Egoism; Epicureans; Ethics; Happiness; Pleasure; Selfishness; Utilitari- anism Heights see Altitudes Heirs see Inheritance Helicopters see Flying machines Heliochromy see Color photography Heliogravure see Photogravure Heliometer See also Astronomical instruments; Paral- lax Heliostat See also Astronomical instruments Heliotropism See also Irritability ; Plants — Movements Heliotype See also Collotype; Photomechanical processes Helium See also Radioactivity Refer from Caloric (s) ; Cold; Combustion; Expansion (physics) ; Fire; Heating; Aleieor- ology; Physics; Radiation; Steam engines; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Vibration Refer from Engines; Gas and oil engines; Thermodynamics Refer from Architecture; Architecture, Do- mestic; Building; Chimneys; Fire; Fuel; Heat; Home economics; Sanitary engineering; Sanitation, Household ; Steam heating ; Stoves ; Ventilation; Warming (s) Refer from Medicine — Practice; Sun- stroke (s) Refer from Death; Eschatology; Future life ; Paradise (s) ; Theology Refer from Jewish language (s) ; Jews — - Language (s) ; Semitic languages Refer from Hebrew poetry; Jewish literature; Jews — Literature (s) ; Oriental literature Refer from Hebrew literature Refer from Evergreens; Fences; Landscape gardening; Shrubs; Trees Refer from Ethics; Happiness; Philosophy; Pleasure; Selfishness Hell See also Future life; Future punishment Refer from Astronomical instruments Refer from Astronomical instruments Refer from Irritability; Light; Plants — Movements Refer from Collotype; Photography; Photo- mechanical processes Refer from Chemical elements; Gases; Radioactivity Refer from Death; Eschatology; Future life; Future punishnu'iii; Hades (s) ; Retri- bution (s) ; Theology 176 Hellenism Srr also Classicism ; Xeoplatonism Helmets 1 Iclniinthology sff Parasites; \\'orms Hematology setr Blood Hemiplegia see Paralysis Hemiptera See also Chinch bugs; Cicadas; Insects; Plant lice; Scale insects Hemorrhage See also Bloodletting Hemp See also Cordage; Fibers; Hashish; Jute; Linen; Ramie; Rope Hen see Poultry Hen houses see Poultry houses Hens see Poultry Heraldic visitations see Visitations, Heraldic Heraldry See also Arms and armor; Chivalry; Deco- rations of honor ; Devices; Emblems; T'lags; Genealogy; Insignia; Knights and knight- hood; Mottoes; Peerage; Precedence; Seals (numismatics); Titles of honor and nobility; Visitations, Heraldic Herbage see Grasses Herbs, Medicinal, see Medical botany Heredity See also Biology; Breeding; Consanguini- ty; Defectives; Degeneration; Eugenics; Evolution ; Genius ; Hybridization ; Mendel's law; Natural selection; Physical deteriora- tion; Plant breeding; Prenatal influences; Species; Variation (biology) Heresy See also Church history; Inquisition; Liberty of conscience; Alartjrs; Persecution Hermaphroditism Hermeneutics see Bible — Criticism and inter- pretation Hermetic art see Alchemy; Astrology; Occult sciences Hermits See also Asceticism Heroes iSV^ also Adventure; Courage; Discoveries and explorations; Explorers; Martyrs; Mis- sionaries; Mythology; Saints Heroines see Heroes Heroism see Courage; Heroes Herpetology see Reptiles Herrnhuters see Moravians Hertzian waves see Electric waves Hessian flies Hessians in the American revolution see U. S. — History — Revolution — German troops Hexateuch see Bible — Old Testament — Hexateuch Refer from Classicism; Greek culture (s) ; Greek civilization (s) ; Greek literature; Humanism Refer from Arms and armor; Headgear Refer from Bugs (s) ; Chinch bugs; Cicadas; Insects; Plant lice; Scale insects Refer from Bleeding (sj ; Blood; Pathology; Wounds Refer from Fibers; Hashish; Linen; Rope; Yarn Refer from Archaeology; Arms, Coats of (s) ; Biography; Chivalry; Coats of arms (s) ; Crests (s) ; Decorations of honor; Dev-ices ; Genealogy; History; Knights and knighthood; Mottoes; Nobility (s) ; Pedigrees (s) ; Peerage; Titles of honor and nobility Refer from Ancestry (s) ; Atavism (s) ; Bi- ology; Breeding; Children; Crime and crimi- nals ; Degeneration ; Descent (s) ; Environ- ment ; Eugenics; Evolution; Inheritance (bi- ology) (s) ; Man; Natural selection; Parents; Physical deterioration; Physiology; Psychol- ogy; Transmission (biology) (s) ; Variation (biology) ; Zoology Refer from Church history; Liberty of con- science ; Theology Refer from Biology; Sex Refer from Asceticism; Biography; Christian biography; Alonks (s) ; Solitude Refer from Adventure; Biography; Courage; Heroines (s) ; Heroism (s) ; History Refer from Diptera ; Mies; Insects, Injurious and beneficial ; \\'heat 177 Habits and behavior Hibernation Sre also Animals Hides and skins See also Fur; Leather; Tanning Hieroglyphics See also Alphabet; Egyptian language; Inscriptions; Picture writing; Rosetta stone High buildings See also Elevators; Steel construction High license see Liquor laws; Liquor traffic High school athletics see School athletics High school fraternities see Fraternities, High school High schools See also College entrance requirements; Commencements; Education, Secondary; Fraternities, High school; School athletics High speed see Speed High treason see Treason Higher criticism see Bible — Criticism and interpretation Higher education see Classical education; College education, Value of; Colleges and universities; Professional education; Tech- nical education Higher thought (new thought) see New thought Highlands of Scotland See also Clans; Tartans Highwaymen see Brigands and robbers Highways see Roads ; Streets Hindoos see Hindus Hindoostanee language see Hindustani lan- guage Hindu literature See also Oriental literature; Sanskrit literature ; Vedas Hindu philosophy see Philosophy, Hindu Hinduism See also Brahmanism ; Buddhism; Caste; India — Religion ; Jains ; Philosophy, Hindu ; Vedanta ; Vedas; Yoga Hindus See also Aryans Hindustani language See also Indo-Aryan languages Hippodrome see Circus Hippology see Horse Histochemistry see Physiological chemistry Histology vSV^ also Anatomy; Botany, Structural; Cells; Alicroscope and microscopy; also names of organs and tissues, e.g. Muscles Historians See also Archaeologists; Authors Historic houses See also Preservation of landmarks, scen- ery, etc.; also names of countries and cities, subhead Historic houses, etc. Refer from Animals — Habits and behavior Refer from Animal products; Fur; Leather; Skins (s) ; Tanning Refer from Alphabet; Egyptian language; Inscriptions; Language; Picture writing; Writing Refer from Architecture; Sky-scrapers (s) ; Skyscrapers (s) ; Steel construction; Tall buildings (s) Refer frovi Education; Education, Second- ary; Public schools; Schools; Secondary schools (s) Refer from Clans; Scotland; Scottish high- lands (s) Refer from' Oriental literature; Sanskrit literature Refer from Brahmanism; Buddhism; India - Religion; Religions; Yoga Refer from Aryans; Hindoos (s) ; India Ethnology — India ; anguagc (s) ; Refer from Hindoostanee Indo-Aryan languages Refer from Anatomy; Cells; Medicine; Microscope and microscopy; Microscopic anatomy (s) ; Morphology; Pathology; Tis- sues (s) Refer from Archaeologists; Authors; Bi- ography; History Refer from History; Houses, Historic (s) ; Preservation of landmarks, scenery, etc. 178 Historic materialism see Economic determinism Historic trees see Trees, Historic Historical atlases ^ce also Geography, Historical Refer from Atlases; Geograpliy, Historical; History Historical dictionaries see History — Diction- aries Historical fiction [for works about historical fiction] For historical novels see subhead History Refer from Fiction; Fiction, Historical (s) ; — Fiction (or History — [period subdivi- History sion] — Fiction) under names of countries, cities, etc., and subhead Fiction under names of historical events and characters Historical geography see Geography, Historic;il Historical societies S(V «/jo Antiquarian societies Refer from Antiquarian societies; History; History Societies See aliO Anthropogeography ; Anthro- ^c/fr/rowi Annals (s) ; Archaeology ; Biogra- pology; Archaeology; Autobiography; Bat- phy; Christendom (s) ; Chronology, Historical; ties; Biography; Boundaries; Chronology, Civilization; Man; Military history; Naval Historical; Church history; Civilization; history ; Science Colonies and colonization ; Conspiracies ; Constitutional history; Crusades; Diplo- macy; Disasters; Discoveries and explora- tions; Ethnology; Famines; Finance; Floods ; Genealogy ; Geography, Historical ; Government ; Heraldry ; Heroes ; Historians ; Historic houses; Historical atlases; Histori- cal fiction; Historical societies; Internation- al relations; Kings and rulers; Man; Massacres ; Medals ; Middle ages — History ; Migration of nations; Military history; Naval history; Numismatics; Progress; Race problems; Revolutions; Riots; Sieges; Slavery; Sociology; Statistics; Treaties; Trees, Historic; also names of countries, etc., subheads Antiquities, Foreign relations. History, and Politics. For the history of a special subject see its name Ancient See also Archaeology; Bible — Histor}-; Refer from Ancient history (s) ; Arciuieology Civilization, Ancient; Classical diction- aries; Geography, Ancient; Inscriptions; Numismatics; Seven wonders of the world; also names of ancient races and peoples, and names of countries of antiquity Comic, see Comic histories Constitutional, see Constitutional history Dictionaries Refer from Historical dictionaries (s) Essays, addresses, etc. Medieval, see Middle ages — Fllstory Military, see Military history Modem See also Eastern question; Eighteenth Refer from Eighteenth century; Europe — century; Europe — History — 1492- History — 1492-1789; Europe — History — 1789; Europe — History — 1789-; Fif- 1789-; Modern history (s) ; Nineteenth cen- teenth century; Holy alliance; Nineteenth tury; Seventeenth century; Sixteenth century century; Reformation; Renaissance; Seventeenth century; Sixteenth century Twentieth century Natural, see Natural histor\- Naval, see Na\'al liistor\- Philosophy See also Civilization; Economic deter- /Jr/rr/rom Civilization ; Pliilosopliy ; Philoso- minism phy of history (s) 179 History — Continued Sources See also Archives; Charters; Diplomatic memoirs; Genealogy; Manuscripts Universal Histrionics see Acting; Theater Hittites Hoaxes see Imposture Hockey See also Winter sports Hog see Swine Hogs see Swine Hoisting machinery See also Conveying machinery; Cranes, derricks, etc.; Electromagnets; Elevators; Mining machinery; Rope Holidays See also Anniversaries; Arbor day; Bird day; Christmas; Fasts and feasts; Festivals; Flag day; Fourth of July; Memorial day; New Year ; Patriots' day ; Thanksgiving day ; Vacations Holiness see Sanctification Holy alliance See also Europe — History — 1789-; Intervention Holy days see Fasts and feasts Holy eastern church see Greek church Holy Ghost see Holy Spirit Holy grail see Grail Holy office see Inquisition Holy Roman empire See also Germany — History; Middle ages — History Holy Scriptures see Bible Holy See see Catholic church; Popes Holy sepulcher See also Jerusalem Holy Spirit See also Trinity Holy week See also Christian year; Easter; Fasts and feasts; CJood Friday; Lent Holy wells See also Shrines Home See also Children; Family; Home econom- ics; Marriage; Mothers; Women Home dec()rati(m see House decoration Home economics See also Apartment houses; Breakfasts; Carving (meat, etc.) ; Chemistry, Ilouselujld ; Cleanliness; Cookery; Cooperative house- keeping; Cost of living; Dairying; Diet; Dinners and dining; Domestic arts; Dress- making; Electricity in the home; Entertain- ing; Family; Fancy work; Fireless cookers; Food; ]''uel ; Furniture; Gardening; Guests; Heating J Home; House cleaning; House Refer from Universal history (s) Refer from Bible — Ethnology Refer frotn Bandy (s) ; Games; Ice hock- ey (s) ; Winter sports Refer from Conveying machinery; Cranes, derricks, etc. ; Elevators ; Lifts (s) ; Machinery ; Mining machinery Refer from Anniversaries; Celebrations (s) ; Christian year; Christmas; Days; Entertain- ments; Fasts and feasts; Festivals ; Legal holi- days (s) ; Manners and customs; National holidays (s) ; Vacations Refer from Alliance, Holy (s) ; Austria — History ; Europe — History — 1789-; History, Modern; International relations; Intervention; Prussia- — -History; Russia — History; Trea- ties Refer from Europe — History; German empire (Western empire) (s) ; Germany — History; Middle ages — History; Western empire (s) Refer from Jerusalem; Jesus Christ; Tombs Refer from God; Holy Ghost (s) ; Spirit (s) ; Theology ; Trinity Refer from Christian year; Fasts and feasts; Lent Refer from Miracles; Shrines; Wells Refer from Children; Ethics; Family; Home economics; Mothers; Women Refer from Cookery; Domestic arts; Domes- tic economy (s) ; Domestic science (s) ; Econom- ics; Family; Home; Household econom- ics (s) ; Household management (s) ; House- hold science (s) ; Housekeeping (s) ; Industrial arts; Kitchen; Women 180 decoration; Household pests; Kitchen; Kitchen garden (for teaching housekeeping) ; Laundry; Luncheons; Marketing; IVIenus ; Needlework; Receipts; Sanitation, House- hold; Servants; Standard of li\'ing; Sweep- ing; Table; Ventilation Home education See also Children; Correspondence schools and courses; Self-culture Home labor See also Sweating system Home libraries Home missions see Missions, Home Home rule Ireland See also Fenians (society); Ireland — Government Home training see Children — ALinagement; Home education Homeopathy See also Medicine, and references under that subject Homes (institutions) see Almshouses ; Asylums ; Charities; Homes for the aged; also names of cities, subheads Hospitals and asylums and Charities; and special classes of people, e.g. Blind — Asylums and education; Or- phans and orphan asylums, Soldiers' homes Homes for the aged See also Soldiers' homes Homestead law Homicide see Murder Homiletical illustrations see Anecdotes, Re- ligious Homiletics see Preaching; Sermons Homilies see Sermons Homing pigeons see Pigeons Homoeopathy see Homeopathy Honesty See also Business ethics; Sincerity Honey See also Bees Honor See also Business ethics; Dueling Honor system see Self-go\crnmcnt (in educa- tion) Honorary degrees see Degrees, Academic Honorary titles see Titles of honor and nobility Hoods, Academic, see Costume, Academic Hookworm disease Hornbooks Horns Horology see Clocks and watches ; Timekeepers Horoscopes see Astrology Refer front Children ; Children — Educa- tion (s) ; Domestic education (s) ; Education ; Education, Elementarj'; Education of chil- dren (s) ; Family; Home training (s) ; Parents Refer from Industry; Labor and laboring classes; Sweating system; Women — Employ- ment Refer from Libraries; Libraries, Home (s) Refer from Government; Local government; Self-government (s) Refer from Fenians (society) ; Ireland — Government Refer from Homoeopathy (s) ; Medicine; Pharmacy; Therapeutics Refer from Aged poor (s) ; Asylums; Homes (institutions) (s) ; Old age; Old age homes (s) ; Old ladies' homes (s) ; Poor Refer from Land tenure — U. S. ; U. S. — Public lands Refer from Business ethics; Conduct of life; Dishonesty (s) ; Ethics; Sincerity; Truth Refer from Bees Refer from Business ethics; Chivalry; Dueling ; Ethics Refer from Medicine — Practice; Parasites Refer from Literature; Primers Refer from Antlers (s) ; Cattle; Cows; Dehorning of cattle (s) ; Zoology Horse Sfe also Barns and stables; Checkreins; Domestic animals; Driving; Harness; Horse racing; Horse training; Horsemanship; Horseshoeing; Live stocic; Pack transpor- tation; Ungulata ; Veterinary medicine Horse-breaking see Horse training Horse racing Horse railroads see Street railroads Horse training See also Horsemanship Horseless carriages see Automobiles Horsemanship See also Coaches and coaching; Driving; Hunting; Polo Horses see Horse Horseshoeing See also Blacksmithing Horticulture see Floriculture; Fruit culture; Gardening Hosiery Hospitality See also Entertaining; Guests Hospitallers see Malta, Knights of Hospitals See also Ambulances; Asylums; Charities; Convalescent homes; Dispensaries; First aid in illness and injury; Hospitals, Military; Hospitals, Naval and marine; Inebriate asylums; Insane hospitals; Nurses and nursing; Sanatoriums; also names of cities and countries, subhead Hospitals and asy- lums Military See also Battlefield relief; Red cross; also names of wars, subhead Medical and sanitary affairs Naval and marine Hot-air engines see Air engines Hot springs see Geysers and hot springs Hot water heating Hotels See also Apartment houses ; Coffeehouses ; Inns; Lodging houses; Restaurants Hothouses see Greenhouses Hottentots See also Bushmen Hours of labor See also Child labor; Daylight saving; Women — Employment; Sweating system House boats Refer from Barns and stables; Cavalry; Cavalry drill and tactics; Domestic animals; Driving; Farriery (s) ; Hippology (s) ; Horses (s) ; Live stock; Pacing (s) ; Pedi- grees (s) ; Race horses (s) ; Trotting (s) ; Ungu- lata; Veterinary medicine Refer from Book-making (betting) (s) ; Book- making (betting) (s) ; Gambling; Horse; Pacing (s) ; Race horses (s) ; Racing (s) ; Sports; Steeplechasing (s) ; Trotting (s) ; Turf, The (s) Refer from Animals — Training; Horse; Horse-breaking (s) ; Training Refer from Driving; Equestrianism (s) ; Horse; Horse training; Locomotion; Riding (s) ; Sports Refer from Blacksmithing; Farriery (s) ; Horse Refer from Clothing; Costume; Dry goods; Foot; Stockings (s) ; Textile industry and fabrics; Underwear Refer from Guests Refer from Architecture; Asylums; Chari- ties; Charities, Medical; Dispensaries; Hy- giene, Public; Infirmaries (s) ; Institutions, Charitable and philanthropic (s) ; Medicine; Nurses and nursing Refer from Battlefield relief; Field hos- pitals (s) ; Hospitals; Military art and science ; Military hospitals (s) Refer from Hospitals; Marine hospitals (s) ; Naval hospitals (s) Refer from Heating; Steam heating; Water heating (s) Refer from Architecture; Inns; Lodging houses; Restaurants; Taverns (s) Refer from Ethnology — Africa Refer from Child labor; Eight-hour day (s) ; Factory laws; Factory system; Industrial betterment; Labor and laboring classes; Labor laws ; Ten-hour day (s) ; Working-day (s) Refer from Boats and boating; House- boats (s) ; Outdoor life 182 House cleaning See also Dust; Sweeping; Vacuum clean- ing systems House decoration See also Bric-a-brac; Candlesticks; Car- pets; Decoration and ornament; Draper}-; Fancy work; Fireplaces; Floral decoration; Furniture; Grilles; Lattice; Mantels; Alural painting and decoration; Picture frames; Pictures; Rugs; School decoration; Tapes- try; Upholstery; Wall paper; Wood iinish- ing ; Woodwork House drainage see Plumbing; Sanitation, Household ; Sewerage House flies see Flies House painting See also Frescoes; Mural painting and decoration ; Painting, Mechanical House plans see Architectural drawing; Archi- tecture, Domestic House plants see Floriculture; Plants, Culti- vated ; Window gardening House rent see Rent House sanitation see Sanitation, Household Houseboats see House boats Household arts see Domestic arts Household chemistry see Chemistr\', House- hold Household decoration see House decoration Household economics see Home economics Household expenses see Cost of living Household management see Home economics Household pests See also I'lics; Insects, Injurious and bene'ficial; Mice; Mosquitoes; Rats Household sanitation see Sanitation, Household Household science see Home economics Housekeeping see Cooperative housekeeping; Home economics Housemaids see Ser\-anis Houses see y\rchitecturc. Domestic; House decoration Houses, Historic, see Historic houses Housing problem See also Apartment lujuses; Cities — Planning and laying out; Garden cities; Industrial betterment; Lodging houses; Sanitation, Household; Tenement houses Hucksters see Pcddleis and pcddl Hudson Bay company See also Fur trade ing Huguenots See also Camisards; France — Religious history; Reformation — France; St. Bar- tholomew's da}'. Massacre of; Waldenses Human anatomy see Anatomy Human body see Anatomy; Anthropometry; Physiology Refer from Cleaning; Dust; Home econom- ics ; Sanitation, Household Refer from Architecture, Domestic; Art; Carpets; Decoration and ornament; Furni- ture; Home decoration (s) ; Home economics; Household decoration (s) ; Houses (s) ; Interior decoration (s) ; Rugs ; Upholstery Refer from Architecture; Architecture, Do- mestic; Building; Mural painting and deco- ration; Painting, Mechanical Refer from Home economics : Injurious and beneficial; Pests (s) Insects, Refer from Architecture, Domestic; Cities; Cities — Planning and laying out; Dwel- lings (s) ; Habitations, Human (s) ; Hygiene, Public; Industrial betterment; Labor and laboring classes; Laborer's dwellings (s); Municipal improvement; Poor; Social prob- lems; Tenement houses; Workingmen's dwel- lings (s) Refer from Canada — - Commerce; Fur trade; Trading companies Refer from Camisards; Church history; France — History — House of Valois; France — ^ Religious history; Persecution; Reforma- tion — France; St. Bartholomew's day, Massacre of; Sects; Waldenses 183 Human faculties see Psychology Human figure in art see Anatomy, Artistic; Figure drawing; Figure painting; Nude in art Human race see Anthropology; Man Human sacrifice see Sacrifice Humane societies See also Animals — Treatment; Chari- table societies; Children — -Charities, pro- tection, etc. Humanism See also Classical education; Hellenism; Renaissance Humanitarianism (theology) j^"^ Unitarianism ; also Arianism; Jesus Christ — Divinity; Socinianism; Trinity Humanities see Classical education Humbug j('£' Imposture; Swindlers and swin- dling Humidity See also Dampness in buildings; Dew; Hygrometry ; Aleteorology Humor See also Anecdotes; Burlesques; Carica- ture and cartoons ; Comedy ; Comic histories ; Epigrams; Fools; Humorists; Irony; Laughter; Limericks; Macaronic verse; Nonsense verse; Parodies; Punning; Reci- tations and readings, Humorous; Satire; Table-talk American See also American literature; Satire, American English See also English literature; Satire, English Humorists See also Authors Humorous recitations see Recitations and readings, Humorous Hundred years' war, 1339-1453 See also Agincourt, Battle of; England — History — - Plantagenets; England — History Lancaster and York; France — History — House of Valois Hungarian language See also Ural-Altaic languages Hungarian literature Hungarians in the U. S. Huns See also Barbarian invasions of Rome Hunting See also Bears; Coursing; Deer; Dogs; Elephants; Falconry; P'ishing; Foxes; Game ; Game birds ; Game laws ; Game pro- tection ; Guns; Lions ; Poaching; Shooting; Sports; Tigers; Tracking; Trapping Refer from Animals — Treatment; Chari- table societies; Children — Charities, protec- tion, etc. ; Societies Refer from Classical education; Culture, Literature; Philosophy; Renaissance Refer from Air; Dew; Hygiene; Meteor- ology; Moisture of the air (s) Refer frovi Anecdotes; Caricature and car- toons ; Comic literature (s) ; Facetiae (s) ; Jests (s) ; Jokes (s) ; Laughter; Literature; Poetry; Punning; Satire; Wit and humor (s) Refer from American humor (s) ; American literature; American wit and humor (sj Refer from English humor (s) ; English literature; English wit and humor (s) Refer from Authors; Biography; Humor Refer from Agincourt, Battle of; England — History — Plantagenets; England — History — Lancaster and York; France — History — House of Valois Refer from Magyar language (s) ; Ural-Altaic languages Refer from Magyar literature (s) Refer from U. S. — Foreign population Refer from Barbarian invasions of Rome Refer from Adventure; Animals; Big game (s) ; Chase, The (s) ; Country life; Field sports (s) ; Game; Gunning (s) ; Horse- manship; Outdoor life; Shooting; Sports; Trapping Hurricanes See also Cyclones; Storms Husband and wife see Domestic Husbands; Marriage; Wives Husbandry see Agriculture relations ; Refer from Cyclones; Meteorology; Storms; Winds 184 Husbands See also Domestic relations ; Fathers; Marriage; Wives Fa mil V Hussites Hybridism see Hybridization Hybridization See also Mendel's law; Plant breeding H}"draulic cement see Cement Hydraulic engineering See also Aqueducts; Artesian wells; Boring; Breakwaters; Bridges — Founda- tions and piers; Caissons; Canals; Coffer- dams; Culverts; Dams; Docks; Drainage; Dredging; Embankments; Engineering; Floods; Fluids; Fountains; Harbors; Hy- draulic machinery; Hydraulic mining; Hy- draulics; Hydrodynamics; Hydro-electric plants; Irrigation; Jetties; Lighthouses; Mining engineering; Pumping stations; Pumps; Reclamation of land; Reservoirs; Rivers; Sea walls; Turbines; Water; Water power ; Water supply ; Water wheels ; Wells ; Wharves Hydraulic machinery SVf' also H\"draulic engineering; H\-- draulic motors; Hydraulic rams; Pumps; Turbines; Water wheels Hydraulic mining See also Gold dredging; Gold mines and mining; Mines and mineral resources Hydraulic motors See'also Hydraulic machinery; Turbines; W^ater wheels Hydraulic power see Hydraulic machinery; Hydro-electric plants; Water power Hydraulic rams See also Hydraulic machinery Hydraulics See also Fluids; Hydraulic engineering; Hydraulic machinery; Hydrodynamics; Hy- drometer; Hydrostatics; Jets; Liquids; Mechanics; Physics; Rivers; Water; Water power Hydrodynamics See al}-j 1 1\ draulicengineering ; Hydraulics ; Hydrostatics; Jets; Mechanics; Viscosity; W aves Hydro-electric plants See also Electric power transmission Hydrography See also Charts; Harbors; Inland naviga- tion; Navigation; Ocean; Ocean currents; Rivers; Sounding and soundings; Tides Refer from Domestic relations; Family; Husband and wife (s) ; Marriage; Men; Wives Refer from Reformation; Sects Refer from Biology; Botany; Breeding Heredity; Hybridism (s) ; Xlendel's law Plant breeding; Species Refer from Canals; Civil engineering; Dams; Engineering; Engineering, Hydraulic (s) ; Fluids; Hydraulic machinery; Hydraulics; Hydrodynamics; Machinery; Mechanical en- gineering; Rivers; Water; Water power; Water supply Refer from Hydraulic engineering ; Hydraulic motors; Hydraulic power (s) ; Hydraulic rams; Hydraulics; Machinery; Water power Refer from Gold mines and mining; Hydrau- lic engineering; Alines and mineral resources; Mining engineering; Placer mining (s) Refer from Hydraulic machinery; Motors; Turbines; W^ater power; W'ater wheels Refer fro m Hydraulic (s) Hydraulic machinery; Rams, Refer from Flow of water (s) ; Fluids; Hy- draulic engineering; Hydrodynamics; Hy- dromechanics (s) ; Hydrostatics; Jets; Me- chanics ; flow (s) Physics; Rivers; Water; Water Hydrokinetics see Hydrodynamics Refer from Dynamics; Fluids; Hydraulic engineering; Hydraulics; Hydrokinetics (s) ; Hydromechanics (s) ; Jets; Liquids; Me- chanics ; Viscosity Refer from Electric engineering; Electric power transmission; Flumes; Hydraulic en- gineering; Hydraulic power (s) ; Power plants; Power plants, Electric; Water power; Water- power electric plants (s) Refer from Marine surveying (s) ; Maritime surveying (s) ; Nautical surveying (s) ; Naviga- tion; Ocean; Oceanography (s) ; Physical geography; Rivers; Surveying; Thalassog- raphy (s) I8S Hydrology see Water; Water, Underground Hjdromechanics see Hydraulics; Hydrody- namics Hydrometer Hydropathy see Hydrotherapy Hydrophobia See also Dogs; Pasteurism Hydrostatics See also Capillarity; Compressibility; Fluids; Hydraulics; Hydrometer; Mechan- ics ; Physics ; Specific gravity ; Water Hydrotherapy See also Baths and bathing ; Mineral waters Hygiene See also Air pollution; Alcohol — Physi- ological effects; Baths and bathing; Beauty, Personal; Bible — Medicine, hygiene, etc.; Children — Care and hygiene; Cleanliness; Climate; Clothing; Diet; Disinfection and disinfectants; Dress reform; Dust; Exercise; Fatigue; Food; Food adulteration and in- spection; Gymnastics; Health resorts; Hu- midity; Hygiene, Public; Invalids; Longev- ity; A-ledical inspection of schools; Medi- cine; Mental hygiene; Military hygiene; Mind and body; Narcotic habit; Narcotics; Naval hygiene; Nurses and nursing; Occu- pations — Diseases and hygiene; Open-air schools; Overwork; Pathology; Physical education; Physiology; Rest; Sanitation; School hygiene; Sleep; Stimulants; Tem- peranse; Therapeutics; Tobacco — Physi- ological effects; Training; Tropics — ^Dis- eases and hygiene; Vacations; Ventilation; Voice; Water pollution; Women — Hy- giene ; Work Domestic, see Sanitation, Household Industrial, see Occupations — Diseases and hygiene Mental, see Mental hygiene Military, see Military hygiene Naval, see Naval hygiene Public See also Adulterations; Building laws; Burial; Cemeteries; Consumers' leagues; Contagion and contagious diseases; Cre- mation; Disinfection and disinfectants; Epidemics; Food adulteration and inspec- tion; Health boards; Hospitals; Housing problem; Immunity; Inoculation; In- sects as carriers of contagion; Malaria; Meat inspection; Medical inspection of schools; Military hygiene; Milk supply; Nuisances; Occupations — Diseases and hygiene; Public comfort stations; Quaran- tine; Refuse and refuse disposal; Sanitary engineering; Sanitation; School hygiene; Sewage; Slaughtering and slaughter- houses ; Street cleaning ; Tenement houses ; Vaccination; Water pollution; Water supply ; also names of countries and states, subhead Sanitary affairs, and names of Refer from Areometer (s) ; Hydraulics; Hydrostatics; Specific gravity Refer fro?n Dogs; Medicine — Practice; Rabies (s) Refer from Capillarity; Fluids; Hydraulics; Hydrodynamics; Liquids; Mechanics; Phys- ics ; Statics; Water Refer from Baths and bathing; Hydrop- athy (s) ; Kneipp cure (s) ; Therapeutics; Water cure (s) Refer from Biology; Food; Health (s) ; Life; Man; Aledicine ; Pathology; Physiology; Sani- tary science (s) ; Sanitation; Women — Hy- giene Refer from Health boards; Hygiene; Med- icine; Municipal improvement; Public health (s) ; Quarantine; Sanitary affairs (s) ; Sanitary engineering; Sanitation; Social prob- lems i86 Hygiene — Continued cities, subheads Sanitary affairs and Sewerage Tropical, see Tropics — Diseases and hygiene Hygiene of employment see Occupations — Diseases and hygiene Kygrometry Hymenoptera See also Ants; Bees; Insects; Wasps H\mnology see Hymns Hymns SV^ also Cliurch music; Religious poetry Hyperspace see Fourth dimension Hypnotism i^ce also Animal magnetism; Mental healing; Mind and body; Psychical research; Somnambulism; Subconsciousness; Sug- gestion ; Suggestive therapeutics Hypsomctr}- see Altitudes Hysteria See also Mental diseases; Nervous system — Diseases Ice See also Arctic regions; Glaciers; Ice boats; Ice-breaking vessels; Icebergs; Re- frigeration and refrigerating machinery; Skating; Water Manufacture See also Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery Ice age see Glacial period Ice boats See also Winter sports Ice-breaking vessels Ice cream see Ices Ice hockey see Hockey Ice machinery see Ice — Manufacture; Re- frigeration and refrigerating machinery Ice making see Ice — Manufacture Ice sports see Winter sports Ice yachts see Ice boats Icebergs See also Arctic regions ; Ph}-sical geography Icebreaking vessels see Ice-breaking vessels Icelandic language See also Scandinavian languages Icelandic literature See also Eddas; Sagas; Scandinavian literature Ices Refer from Air; Humidity; Meteorology; Psychrometer (sj Refer from Ants; Bees; Insects; Wasps Refer from Anthems ; Chants ; Church music; Devotional exercises; Hymnology (s) ; Litera- ture; Liturgies; Lyric poetry; Music; Poetry; Psalmody (s) ; Religion; Religious poetry; Rites and ceremonies; Sacred poetry (s) ; Songs ; Worship Refer from Animal magnetism; Braidism (s) ; Clairvoyance; Mental healing; Mental sug- gestion (s) ; Mesmerism (s) ; Mind and body; Mind reading ; Psychical research ; Psychology ; Sleep; Somnambulism; Subconsciousness; Sug- gestion; Suggestive therapeutics Refer from Medicine — Practice; Mental diseases; Nervous system — Diseases; Psy- chical research; Psychology; Women — Dis- eases Refer from Freezing (s) ; Frost; Glaciers; Meteorology ; Physical geography ; Refrigera- tion and refrigerating machinery; Snow; Water Refer from Artificial ice (s) ; Ice machin- ery (s) ; Ice making (s) ; Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery Refer from Boats and boating; Ice; Ice yachts (s) ; Sports; Winter sports Refer from Ice; Icebreaking vessels (s) ; Ships Refer from Arctic regions; Glaciers; Ice; Ocean; Physical geography Refer from Germanic languages; Scandi- na\ian languages Refer from Eddas; Norse literature (s) ; Sagas; Scandinavian literature Refer from Confectionery; Desserts; Ice cream (s) 187 Ichnology see Footprints, Fossil Ichthyology see Fish Iconography see Art; Christian art and sym- bolism; Portraits; Saints in art; Sculpture; Statues Ideal states see Utopias Idealism .SVr also Ideals; Realism; Transcenden- talism Idealism in art ^ee also Naturalism in art; Realism in in art; Romanticism Idealism in literature iiee also Naturalism in literature; Realism in literature; Romanticism; Symbolism in literature Ideals See also Idealism Ideas, Association of, see Association of ideas Identification See also Anthropometr}- ; Bertillon system ; Crime and criminals; E\idencc; Finger prints Identity, Personal, sec Personalil}' Idiocy See also Children, Abnormal and back- ward ; Defecti\es ; Epileps}' ; Feeble-minded; Insanity Idioms See also Idioms, English; also names of languages other than English, e.g. German language — Idioms English See also Americanisms; Briticisms Idiots see Idiocy Idleness Ido Idolatry See also Fetishism; Paganism; Super- stition ; Worship Igneous rocks See also Dikes (geology); Granite; Lava; Rocks Ignorance see Illiteracy Illegitimacy See also Infanticide Illiteracy .S'(V' also Education and citizenship; Edu- caticjn and crime Illuminating gas see Gas Illumination see Lighting Illumination of manuscripts and books See also Arts and crafts; Initials; Letter- ing; Missals; Paleography Refer from Animism; Ideals; Philosophy; Realism Refer from Art; Esthetics; Naturalism in art; Painting; Realism in art Refer from Esthetics; Fiction; Literature; Naturalism in literature; Realism in literature Refer from Aspiration (s) ; Character; Ethics; Idealism Refer from Anthropometry; Bertillon system ; Crime and criminals; Evidence; Finger prints; Medical jurisprudence Refer from Brain; Children, Abnormal and backward; Consanguinity; Defectives; Feeble- minded; Fools; Idiots (s) ; Imbecility (s) ; Insanity; Medicine — Practice; Mental dis- eases Refer from Language Refer from English idioms (s) ; English language; English language — Idioms (sj ; Idioms Refer from Conduct of life; Indolence (s) ; Laziness (s) ; Sloth (s) Refer from Language, Artificial Refer from Fetishism; God; Image wor- ship (s) ; Paganism; Religion; Religions; Worship Refer from Dikes (geology) ; Eruptive rocks (s) ; Geology; Lava; Rocks; \'olcanic rocks (s); Volcanoes Refer from Children; Infanticide; Marriage; Prostitution ; Sexual ethics Refer from. Compulsory education; Educa- tion; Education and citizenship; Education and crime; Ignorance (s) ; Immigration and emigration Refer from Arts and crafts; Books; Decora- tion and ornament; Illustration of books; Initials; Lettering; Alanuscripls ; Ornamental alphabets (s) ; Painting; Paleograpln^ Illusions and hallucinations See also Apparitions; Conjuring; Ghosts; Insanity; Magic; Mental diseases; Optical illusions ; Psychical research Illustration of books See also Caricature and cartoons; Draw- ing; Engraving; Extra illustration; Illu- mination of manuscripts and books; Illus- trators; Photo-engraving; Photomechanical processes Illustrations (anecdotes) see Anecdotes Illustrators Image worship see Idolatry Imaginary animals see Animal lore; Animals, Mythical Imaginary islands see Geographical mj'ths Imaginary wars and battles Imagination See also Psychology Imbecility see Feeble-minded; Idiocy Imitation See also Mimicry Immaculate conception See also Mary, Virgin Immersion, Baptismal, see Baptism Immigrants see Immigration and emigration Immigration and emigration See also Aliens; Anthropogeography ; Colonies and colonization; Illiteracy; Mi- gration of nations; Naturalization; also names of special nationalities, e.g. Italians in the U. S., Japanese in California; and names of countries and cities, subhead For- eign population U. S. See also Indentured servants; Race problems — U. S.; Redemptioners ; U. S. — Foreign population; also Japanese in the U. S., and similar headings Immoral literature see Literature, Immoral Immorality see Crime and criminals; Ethics; Vice Immortality see Future life Immunity See also Antitoxins; Contagion and con- tagious diseases; Inoculation; Scrum thera- py; Vaccination Impeachment See also Political offenses; Recall Imperial federation See also I'.ngland — Colonies; Imperialism Imperialism See also Colonies and colonization; Impe- rial federation; U. S. — Insular possessions Impersonation see Acting; Monologues Rejer from Apparitions; Delusions (s) ; Ghosts; Hallucinations (s) ; Insanity; Mental diseases; Psychical research; Psychology; Visions (s) Refer from Art; Book illustration (s) ; Books; Decoration and ornament; Drawing; Engrav- ing Refer from Artists; Illustration of books Refer from Battles; Military art and science; War; Wars, Imaginary (s) Refer from Fancy (s) ; Intellect; Psychology; Psychology, Educational Refer from Mimicry; Psychology; Psychol- ogy, Educational Refer from Catholic church; Mary, Virgin Refer from Colonies and colonization; Emigration (s) ; Government; Immigrants (s) ; Labor and laboring classes; Migration of nations; Race problems; Social problems; Sociology Refer from Race problems — U. S. ; U. S. — Economic conditions ; U. S. — Emigration and immigration (s) ; U. S. — Immigration (s) ; U. S. — Social conditions Refer from Antitoxins; Bacteriology; Con- tagion and contagious diseases; lij-giene. Public; Inoculation; Pathology; Serum thera- py ; Vaccination Refer from Government; Law; Trials Refer from England — Colonics; I'"edera- tion. Imperial (s) ; Go\ernmcnt; Imperialism Refer from Anti-imperialism (s) ; Cacsar- ism (s) ; Colonies and colonization; Govern- ment; Imperial federation; \J. S. — Expan- sion (s) ; U. S. — History — War with Spain; U. S. — Insular possessions; U. S. — Terri- torial expansion (s) Implements, utensils, etc. See also Bone implements; Farm imple- ments and machinery; Indians — Imple- ments and weapons; Stone implements; Tools Imports see Commerce; TaritT Imposture See also Aniitiues, Forged; Art forgeries; Counterfeits; Forgery; Fraud; Literary forgeries and mystifications; Quacks and quackery; Swindlers and swindling Impressionism (art) Impressment Imprisonment see Arrest; Prisons Inaugurations Incandescent gas-lighting See also Gas lighting Incandescent lamps see Electric lainps Incandescent lighting see Electric lighting; Incandescent gas-lighting Incandescent mantles see Incandescent gas- lighting Incarnation See also Jesus Christ Incas See also Indians of South America — Peru ; Peru — Antiquities ; Peru — History Refer from Industrial arts; Tools; Uten- sils (s) Refer from Adventurers (s) ; Counterfeits; Delusions (s) ; Fraud ; Hoaxes (s) ; Humbug (s) ; Quacks and quackery Refer from Art; Esthetics; Painting Refer from International law; Kidnapping; Maritime law; Naval history; Sailors Refer from Presidents ceremonies U. S. ; Rites and Refer from Gas; Gas lighting; Gas man- tles (s) ; Incandescent lighting (s) ; Incandes- cent mantles (s) ; Lighting Refer from Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ — Birth; Jesus Christ — Incarnation (s) ; The- ology Refer from Ethnology — Peru; Indians of South America — Peru; Peru — -Antiquities; Peru — History Incens« Income See also Capital; Finance; Salaries; W'ages ; Wealth Income tax See also Taxation; Taxation, Progressive Increment, Unearned, see Unearned increment Incrustation see Inlay Incubators See also Poultry Incubus see Nightmare Incumbrances see Liens; Mortgages Incunabula See also Block books; Book rarities; Colo- phons; Printers' marks; Printing — History Indemnity See also Damages Indentured servants .SV^ also Apprentices; Contract labor; Rcdemptioners Independence day see Fourth of July Independent order of Odd Fellows see Odd Fellows Independents (church polit\-) see Congrega- tionalism Independents (in politics) Refer from Odors; Perfumery; Worship Refer from Economics; Finance; For- tunes (s) ; Property; Salaries; Wages; Wealth Refer from Direct taxation (s) ; Taxation; Taxation, Progressive Refer from Poultry Refer from Bibliograplu' ; Printing Book rarities: Refer from Compensation (s) ; Damages; International law Refer from Bond servants (s) ; Contract labor; Immigration and emigration — U.S.; Rcdemptioners; Servants; Slavery; U. S. — History — Colonial period Refer from Political parties; Politics I go Indeterminate sentence Sfc also Parole; Prisons; Probation system Indcterminism sre Freedom of the will Indexes See also Card system in business; Cata- logs; Indexing; Periodicals — Indexes; also subjects indexed Indexing See also Cataloging India-rubber see Rubber Indian clubs See also Gymnastics Indian corn see Corn Indian legends see Indians — Folklore; In- dians — • Legends Indian mutiny, 1857 -1858 Indian reservations see Indians — Reserva- tions Indian trails See also Oregon trail; Portages; Salt Lake trail ; Santa Fe trail Indian tribes see names of separate tribes Indian wars see Indians — Wars Indians [Indians of America, North America and the U. S. in general] See also Cliff dwellers and cliff dwellings ; Eskimos; Mounds and mound builders; Pueblos; Scalping; Shell money; Wampum; Western states; also names of families and tribes of Indians, e.g. Algonquian Indians, Apache Indians, Iroquois Indians, Pueblo Indians Amusements, see Indians — Games Anecdotes Antiquities See also Arrowheads; Indians — Im- plements and weapons; Indians — Pot- tery; Kitchen middens; Mounds and mound builders; Pueblos; U. S. — An- tiquities Art Biography Burial, see Indians — Mortuary customs Captivities Civilization Customs, see Indians — Social life and customs Dances See also Ghost dance; Snake dance; Sun dance Education .S'(-(' also Indians — Government rela- tions; also names of schools for the Indians Ethnology See also Indians — Origin Fiction Folklore See also Indians — Legends Refer from Crime and criminals; Criminal law; Prisons; Punishment; Sentence, Inde- terminate (s) Refer from Bibliography; Catalogs; In- dices (s) ; Literature Refer from Bibliography; Cataloging; In- dexes Refer from Gymnastics; Physical education Refer from India — History; Sepoy rebel- lion (s) Refer from Indians — Trails (s) ; Portages; Roads ; Roads — U. S. ; Trails (s) Refer from American aborigines (s) ; Ameri- can Indians (s) ; Amerinds (s) ; Ethnology; Ethnology — U. S. ; North American In- dians (s) ; Race problems — U. S. ; Savages; U. S. — Indians (s) ; Western states Refer from Anecdotes Refer from Archaeology; Arrowheads; In- dians — Industries; Mounds and mound builders; U. S. — Antiquities Refer from Art; Art, Primitive Refer from Biography Refer from Captivity among the Indians (s) ; Frontier and pioneer life Refer from Dancing; Ghost dance; Indians — Religion; Indians — ^ Social life and cus- toms; Snake dance; Sun dance Refer from Education; Indians Indians — Schools (s) Mi Refer from Ethnology — U. S. ; Indians Origin Refer from Folklore — Indians (s) ; Indian legends (s) ; Indians — Legends; Indians — Mythology (s) ic;i Indians — Continued Games -Government relations S{-f also Indians — Land transfers; Indians — Reservations ; Indians — ■ Trea- ties ; Indians — -Treatment -History St-f also Indians — Wars -Implements and weapons Sfe also Bone implements; Stone im- plements -Industries See also Basketwork; Beadwork ; Blan- kets; Indians — Antiquities; Indians — Implements and weapons; Indians — Pottery -Land transfers See also Indians ■ — Go\ernment rela- tions; Indians — Treaties -Languages Sre also Algonquian languages; Chi- nook jargon ; Eskimo language ; Indians — - Names -Legends See also Indians — Folklore -Manners and customs, see Indians — Social life and customs -Medicine See also Medicine men -Missions See also Indians — Education; Jesuits — Missions -Mortuary customs -Music -Mythology, see Indians — Folklore; Indians — Legends; Indians — Re- ligion -Names -Origin See also Indians — Ethnology -Pottery -Religion See also Fetishism; Flute ceremonies; Indians — Dances; Indians — Missions; Serpent worship; Totems and totemism -Reservations -Schools, see Indians — I'.ducation ; also names of schools -Social life and customs See also Indians — Dances; Indians — Games; Indians — Mortuary customs Refer from Games; Indians — Amuse- ments (s) ; Indians — Social life and customs; Indians — Sports (s) Refer from Indians — Education ; Indians — Land transfers; Indians — Treaties; Indians — Treatment Refer from Arms and armor; Bone imple- ments; Implements, utensils, etc.; Indians — Antiquities; Indians — Industries; Indians — Weapons (s) ; Stone implements; Tools; Weapons (s) Refer from Basketwork; Beadwork; Blan- kets; Industrial arts; Industries, Primitive Refer from Indians — Government" rela- tions ; Indians — Treaties; U. S. — Public lands Refer from Algonquian languages; Language Refer from Indian legends (s) ; Indians — Folklore; Indians — Mythology (s) ; Legends Refer from Medicine; Medicine men Refer from Catholic church — -Missions; Indians — Religion ; Jesuits — Missions ; Mis- sions ; Missions, Home Refer from Funeral rites and ceremonies; Indians — Burial (s) ; Indians — Social life and customs; Mortuary customs (s) Refer from Indians — Songs (s) ; Music; Music — Indians (s) ; Music — U. S. ; Songs, American Refer from Indians — -Languages; Names; Names, Geographical; Names, Personal Refer from Indians — Ethnology Refer from Indians — Antiquities; Indians — Industries; Pottery Refer from Indians — Mythology (s) ; My- thology — Indians (s) ; Religions; Riles and ceremonies Refer from Indian reservations (s) ; Indians — Government relations; Reservations for the Indians (s) ; U. S. — Public lands Refer from Indians — Customs (s); Indians - Manners and customs (s) 192 Indians — Continued Songs, see Indians — Music Sports, see Indians — Games Statistics Trails, see Indian trails Treaties See also Indians — Government rela- tions; Indians — Land transfers Treatment See also Indians — Government rela- tions Wars See also Black Hawk war; French and Indian war; King Philip's war; King William's war; Pequot war; Pontiac's conspiracy; Queen Anne's war; U. S. — History — Revolution — Indian partic- ipation Weapons, see Indians — Implements and weapons Indians of Mexico See also Aztecs; Ethnology — Mexico; Mayas; Nagualism; Toltecs Indians of New York See also Iroquois Indians Indians of South America Indiarubber see Rubber Indie languages see Indo-Aryan languages Indicators for steam engines See also Steam engines Indices see Indexes Indigestion see Digestion; Dyspepsia Indigo Individualism See also Communism; Economics; So- cialism Individuality See also Personality Indo-Aryan languages See also Aryan languages; Bengali lan- guage; Hindustani language; Oriental languages; Romany language; Sanskrit lan- guage Indo-European languages see Aryan languages Indo-Europeans see Aryans Indo-Germanic languages see Aryan languages Indo-Germanic peoples see Aryans Indolence see Idleness Inductance Induction (logic) see Logic Induction coils See also Condensers (electricity) ; Electric currents, Alternating; Electric transform- ers; Electromagnets; Inductance; X rays Induction motors see Electric motors Indulgences See also Absolution; Purgatory Industrial alcohol see .Alcohol, Denatured Industrial arbitration see Arbitration and con- ciliation, Industrial Refer from Indians — Government relations; Indians — Land transfers Refer from Indians — Government relations Refer from Black Hawk war; French and Indian war; Indian wars (s) ; King Philip's war; King William's war; New England — History; Pequot war; Pontiac's conspiracy; Queen Anne's war; U. S. — History; U. S. — History, Military Refer from Aztecs; Ethnology — Mexico; Mayas; Toltecs Refer from Iroquois Indians Refer from Steam engines Refer from Agricultural products; Color; Dyes and dyeing Refer from Communism; Economics; Equal- ity; Government; Socialism; Sociology Refer from Character; Personality; Phi- losophy; Psychology Refer from Aryan languages; Bengali lan- guage; Hindustani language; Indie lan- guages (s) ; Oriental languages; Sanskrit language Refer from Electric measurement; Electric- ity; Electrodynamics; Induction coils; Self- induction (s) Refer from Electric apparatus and appliances ; Electric transformers; Electricity; Electro- magnets Refer from Absolution; Catholic church; Church polity; Purgatory 193 Industrial arts See also Agriculture; Architecture; Arts and crafts; Blacksmithing ; Bookbinding; Brewing; Building; Business; Cabinetwork; Canning and preserving; Carpentry; Chair caning; Chemical engineering; Chemistry, Technical; Clay industries; Commerce; Cookery; Domestic arts; Dyes and dyeing; Electric engineering; Engineering; Engrav- ing; Exhibitions; Factories; Fisheries; Floriculture; Foundry work; Furniture; Gardening; Glass manufacture; Handicraft; Home economics; Implements, utensils, etc.; Indians — Industries; Industrial edu- cation; Industries, Primitive; Industry; Inventions; Machine shop practice; Ma- chinery; Manual training; Manufactures; Masonry; Mechanical engineering; Me- .chanics, Applied; Metal work; Metallurgy; Mills and millwork; Occupations, Dan- gerous; Painting, Mechanical; Patents; Photography; Plumbing; Pottery; Printing; Receipts; Shipbuilding; Tanning; Techni- cal dictionaries; Technical education; Tech- nology; Textile industry and fabrics; Tin- smithing; Tools; Turning; Waste products; Weaving; Woodwork; also names of coun- tries, subhead Industries and resources, and names of cities, subhead Industries Industrial betterment See also Garden cities; Hours of labor; Housing problem; Industrial education; Insurance, Industrial; Labor laws; Profit sharing; Scientific management Industrial chemistry jf<' Chemical engineering ; Chemistry, Technical Industrial combination see Combination, In- dustrial Industrial conciliation see Arbitration and conciliation. Industrial Industrial depression see Business depression Industrial diseases see Occupations — Dis- eases and hygiene Industrial drawing see Mechanical drawing Industrial education See also Apprentices; P'oremen's schools; Manual training; Mechanics' institutes; Technical education; Trade schools; Vo- cational education Industrial efficiency see Efficiency, Industrial Industrial exhibitions see Exhibitions Industrial hygiene see Occupations — Dis- eases and hygiene Industrial insurance see Insurance, Industrial Industrial schools see Industrial education; Reformatories <- Industries see Industrial arts; Industries, Primitive; Industry; also names of coun- tries and states, subhead Industries and re- sources, and names of cities, subhead In- dustries Refer from Art; Art industries (s) ; Arts, Useful (s) ; Arts and crafts; Chemistry, Tech- nical ; Crafts (s) ; Discoveries (in science) (s) ; Engineering; Handicraft; Industries (s) ; In- dustry; Inventions; Manufactures; Mechanic arts (s) ; Science; Technology; Trades (s) ; Useful arts (s) Refer from Betterment, Industrial (s) ; Employees' welfare (s) ; Employers' welfare institutions (s) ; Housing problem ; Labor and capital; Labor and laboring classes; Profit sharing; Social work; Welfare institutions for laborers (s) Refer from EducaticMi; Education, Ele- mentary; Education, Industrial (s) ; Indus- trial arts; Industrial betterment; Industrial schools (s) ; Labor and laboring classes; Alan- ual training; Technical education; Trade schools; Vocational education 194 Industries, Primitive See also Archaeology; Civilization, An- cient; Indians — Industries; Pottery; So- ciety, Primitive; Stone implements Industry See also Economics ; Efficiency, Industrial ; Factory system; Government regulation of industry; Home labor; Industrial arts; Labor and laboring classes; Alachinery in industry Inebriate asylums See also Gold cure Inebriates see Alcoholism; Inebriate asylums; Liquor problem; Temperance Infallibility See also Catholic church — Authority; Popes — Infallibility; Vatican council Infancy see Infants Infant baptism see Baptism — Infants Infant feeding see Infants — Care and hygiene Infant salvation See also Baptism — Infants; Predestina- tion Infanticide See also Illegitimacy Infantry See also Infantry drill and tactics; Mili- tary art and science; also under country, e.g. U. S. — Army — Infantry. For volun- teer'regiments in the U. S. see under name of state, e.g. New York infantry; also United States volunteer infantry, for volun- teer regiments recruited at large Infantry drill and tactics See also Rifle practice; Tactics; Target practice Infants See also Children Care and hygiene See also Children — Care and hygiene Diseases, see Children — Diseases Infection and infectious diseases see Contagion and contagious diseases Infidelity see Skepticism Infinite See also Being; Metaphysics Infinitesimal calculus see Calculus Infirmaries see Hospitals Inflammation See also I'"cvcr; Suppuration Influenza See also Cold (disease) ; Respiratory organs — Diseases Infusoria See also Protozoa Refer from Archaeology; Civilization, An- cient; Ethnology; Industrial arts; Indus- tries (s) ; Man — Origin and antiquity; Primi- tive industries (s) ; Society, Primitive; Stone implements Refer from Civilization; Consumption (eco- nomics); Economics; Industrial arts; Indus- tries (s) ; Labor and capital ; Labor and labor- ing classes; Production (sj ; Sociology Refer from Alcoholism; Asylums; Charities, Medical; Drunkenness (s) ; Hospitals; In- ebriates (s) Refer from Catholic church; Theology; Vatican council Refer from Baptism — Infants; Salvation Refer from Crime and criminals; Illegiti- macy; Medical jurisprudence; Murder; Wo- men — Crime Refer from Foot-soldiers (s) ; Military art and science Refer from Drill (military); Infantry; Military art and science; Tactics Refer from Babies (s) ; Baby (s) ; Children; Infancy (s) Refer from Children — Care and hygiene; Infant feeding (s) Refer from Finite (s) ; Metaphysics; Philoso- phy Refer from Pathology; Suppuration Refer from Cold (disease); Grippe (s) ; La grippe (s); Medicine — Practice; Respiratory organs — Diseases Refer from Animalcules; Protozoa 195 Inheritance See also Administrators and executors; Entail; Estates, Unclaimed; Guardians; Inheritance and transfer tax; Land tenure; Legacies; Primogeniture; Probate law and practice; Salic law; Survivorship; Trustees; Wills Inheritance (biology) see Heredity Inheritance and transfer tax See also Taxation; Taxation, Progressive Inhibition See also Habit Initials See also Artists' marks; Illumination of manuscripts and books; Lettering; Mono- grams Initiative see Referendum Injectors See also Boilers Injunctions Injuries see Accidents; Damages; First aid in illness and injury; Torts; Wounds Injurious insects see Insects, Injurious and beneficial Injurious occupations see Occupations, Dan- gerous Ink Inland navigation See also Canals; Ferries; Lakes; Pilots and pilotage; Rivers; Steam navigation; \\ aterways Inlay See also Arts and crafts; Damaskeening; Mosaics Inlaying see Inlay Inns See also Coffeehouses ; Hotels Innuit see Eskimos Inoculation See also Immunity; Pasteurism ; Serum therapy; Smallpox; Vaccination Inoculation of soils see Soil inoculation Inorganic chemistry see Chemistry, Inorganic Inquests, Coroners', see Coroners Inquisition See also Martyrs; Persecution; Reforma- tion — Spain; Spain — Religious history; Torture Insane hospitals .S'(V also names of cities, subhead Hospitals and asylums Insanity See also Brain ; Defectives ; Degeneration ; Eccentricity; Feeble-minded; Genius; Id- Refer from Bequests (s) ; Heirs (s) ; Intestate succession (s) ; Law; Legacies; Primogeniture; Probate law and practice; Property; Suc- cession (s) ; Wills Refer from Death duties (s) ; Inheritance; Legacies; Taxation; Taxation, Progressive; Transfer tax (s) Refer from Habit; Mind and body; Nervous system; Psychology, Physiological Refer from Illumination of manuscripts and books; Monograms Refer from Boilers; Feed water; Steam en- gines; Steam injectors (s) Refer from Actions at law; Constitutional law; Labor laws; Law Refer from Chemistry, Technical; Printing; Stationery; Writing Refer from Canals; Commerce; Hydrog- raphy; Lakes; Navigation; Navigation, In- land (s) ; Rivers; Transportation; Waterways Refer from Arts and crafts; Buhlwork (s) ; Decoration and ornament; Incrustation (s) ; Inlaying (s) ; Intarsia (s) ; Marquetry (s) ; Mosaics Refer from Hotels; Taverns (s) Refer from Contagion and contagious dis- eases; Hygiene, Public; Immunity; Medicine; Serum therapy; Smallpox; Therapeutics; Vaccination Refer from Catholic church; Church dis- cipline; Church history; Fanaticism; Heresy; Holy office (s) ; Martyrs; Middle ages; Perse- cution; Reforination — Spain; Spain — Reli- gious history; Spanish inquisition (s) ; Torture Refer from Asylums; Charities; Charities, Medical; Hospitals; Insanity; Lunatic asy- lums (s) ; Psychopathic hospitals (s) Refer from Aberration, Mental (s) ; Brain; Consanguinity; Defectives; Degeneration; 196 iocy; Illusions and hallucinations; Insane hospitals; Medical jurisprudence; Mental diseases; Mind and body; Suicide Inscriptions See also Alphabet; Brasses; Cuneiform writing; Epitaphs; Hieroglyphics; Manu- scripts; Obituaries; Paleography; Picture writing; Runes; Seals (numismatics); Writ- ing Insecticides Si'e also Insects, Injurious and beneficial; Spraj-ing Insectivora See also Mammals Insectivorous plants See also Botany; Botany — Physiology Insects See also Arthropoda ; Beetles ; Caterpil- lars; Cocoons; Color of insects; Diptera ; Entomologists; Fertilization of plants; Hemiptera; Hymenoptera ; Insecticides; Lepidoptera; Neuroptera; Orthoptera; Wings; also names of insects Aquatic Fossil Injurious and beneficial See also Agricultural pests; Cotton — Diseases and pests; Fruit — Diseases and pests'; Household pests ; Insecticides ; Insects as carriers of contagion ; Parasites ; Spraying; Trees — Diseases and pests; also names of insects, e.g. Beetles, Book- worms, Chinch bugs. Cicadas, Cutworms, Hessian flies. Locusts, Mosquitoes, Moths, Plant lice, San Jose scale, Scale insects. Weevils U.S. Insects as carriers of contagion See also Flies ; Mosquitoes ; Sleeping sickness; Tsetse flies; Yellow fever Insignia See also Decorations of honor; Devices; Regalia Insolvency see Bankruptcy Insomnia See also Narcotics; Sleep Inspection of factories see Factory inspection Inspection of food see Food adulteration and inspection Inspection of meat see Meat inspection Inspection of steamboats see Steamboat in- sj-icction Inspiration See also Bible ^ Inspiration ; Revelation Dementia (s) ; Idiocy; Illusions and halluci- nations; Intellect; Lunacy (s) ; Madness (s) ; Mania (s) ; Medical jurisprudence; Medicine — Practice; Mental aberration (s) ; Mental derangements (s) ; Mental diseases; Mind and body; Psychology Refer from Alphabet; Archaeology; Epig- raphy (s) ; lipitaphs; Hieroglyphics; History, Ancient ; Literature; Manuscripts ;Monuments ; Obituaries; Paleography; Writing Refer from Insects; Insects, Injurious and beneficial; Spraying Refer from Mammals Refer fro 7n Botany; Botany — Physiology; Carnivorous plants (s) ; Plants; Plants, In- sectivorous (s) Refer from Animals; Arthropoda; Beetles; Bugs (s) ; Diptera; Entomology (s) ; Hemip- tera; Hymenoptera; Invertebrates; Lepidop- tera ; Neuroptera ; Orthoptera ; Zoology Refer from Aquatic insects (s) ; Fresh-water fauna ; Water insects (s) Refer from Fossil insects (s) ; Invertebrates, Fossil ; Paleontology Refer from Agricultural pests; Agriculture; Economic entomology (s) ; Entomology, Eco- nomic (s) ; Fruit — Diseases and pests; Gar- dening ; Household pests ; Injurious insects (s) ; Insecticides; Parasites; Pests (s) ; Trees — Diseases and pests ; Zoology, Economic Refer from U. S. — Entomology (s) Insects (s) ; Zoology — U. S. u. s.— Refer from Contagion and contagious dis- eases; Flies; Hygiene, Public; Insects, In- jurious and beneficial; Mosquitoes; Tsetse flics Refer from Badges of honor (s) ; Decorations of honor; Devices; Emblems; Heraldry; Regalia ; Societies Refer from Medicine Sleeplessness (s) Practice; Sleep: Refer from Revelation; Supernatural; The- ology 197 Instalment plan Instinct Sri' also Animal intelligence; Animals — Habits and beha\ior; Habit; Orientation: Psychology, Comparati\e Institutes, Farmers', see Farmers' institutes Institutes, Teachers', see Teachers' institutes Institutional churches See also Church work Institutions, Charitable and philanthropic, see Almshouses; Asylums; Charities; Hos- pitals; also names of cities, subheads Chari- ties and Hospitals and asylums; and special classes of people, e.g. Deaf and dumb — Asylums and education Instruction see Education; Teaching Instrumental music See also Bands (music); Chamber music; Dance music; Duets, Instrumental; March- es (music); Alilitary music; Music; Musical instruments; Orchestral music; Orchestras; Organ music; Overtures; Piano music; Program music; Sonatas; Symphonies; Violin music Instrumentation and orchestration See also Musical instruments Instruments See also Astronomical instruments; Draw- ing instruments; Electric apparatus and appliances; Machinery; Mathematical in- struments; Meteorological instruments; Musical instruments; Optical instruments; Scientific apparatus and instruments; Sur- gical instruments; Sur\'eying instruments; Tools Insulation See also Electric cables ; Electric resistance ; Electric wire and wiring Insurance See also Benefit societies -Accident See also Employers' liability; Insurance, Casualty; Insurance, Industrial -Casualty -Compulsory, see Insurance, State and compulsory -Fire See also Fire[)roofing -Fraternal, sec Benefit societies -Health See also Insurance, State and compulsory Refer j rum Business; Credit Refer from Animal instinct (s) ; Animal in- telligence; Animals; Animals — Habits and behavior; Habit; Intelligence of animals (s) ; Psychology; Psychology, Comparative; Rea- son ; Zoology Refer from Christian sociology; Church; Church, Institutional (s) ; Church work Refer from Music; Musical instruments; Orchestral music; Piano music Refer from Bands (music) ; Composition (music); Military music; Music; Music — Instruction and study; Musical instruments; Orchestral music; Orchestration (sj ^('/^/■//■om Apparatus (s) ; Scientific appara- tus and instruments Refer from Electric cables; Electric insu- lation (s) ; Electric resistance; Electric wire and wiring; Electricity Refer from Appraising; Assurance (s) ; Comnierce; Commercial law; Contracts; Fi- nance; Investments; Law; Probabilities ; Prop- erty ; Sociology; Thrift Refer from Accident insurance (s) ; Acci- dents; Employers' liability; Insurance, In- dustrial; Workingmen's insurance (s) Refer from Casualty insurance (s) ; Explo- sions ; Floods ; Insurance, Accident ; Live stock ; Storms Refer from Fire insurance (s) ; Fires Refer from Health insurance (s) ; Insurance. Sickness (s) iq8 Insurance — Continued Industrial Si-f also Benefit societies ; Employers' liabilit}'; Insurance, Accident; Insurance, State and compulsory -Life See also Annuities; Insurance, Industrial; and compulsory -Marine See also Salvage Benefit societies ; Insurance, State -Sickness, see Insurance, Health -State and compulsory See also Insurance, Industrial pensions Old age — — Workingmen's, J^^ Insurance, Industrial; Insurance, State and compulsory Intaglios See also Gems; Seals (numismatics) Intarsia see Inlay Integral calculus see Calculus Intellect See also Animal intelligence; Belief; Brain; Certainty; Genius; Imagination; Insanity; Judgment; Knowledge; Logic; Memory; Perception; Psychology; Psychol- ogy, Comparative; Reason; Senses and sensation; Talent; Thought and thinking Intellectual property see Copyright ;Inventions ; Patents Intelligence see Intellect Intelligence of animals see Animal intelli- gence; Instinct; Psychology, Comparative InteHigence offices see Employment agencies; Labor exchanges Intemperance see Alcoholism ; Liquor problem ; Temperance Intercollegiate athletics see College athletics Interdict See also Excommunication Interest See also Arithmetic; Banks and banking; Discount; Interest tables; Investments Interest (psychology) Interest tables Interference Hight) See also Electric waves; Light Interior decoration see Church decoration and ornament; Furniture; House decoration Intermediate state see Future life; Purgatory Interment see Burial Internal combustion engines see Gas and oil engines Refer from Benefit societies; Industrial betterment; Industrial insurance (s) ; Insur- ance, Accident; Insurance, Life; Insurance, State and compulsory; Insurance, Working- men's (s) ; Labor and laboring classes; Thrift; Workingmen's insurance (s) Refer from Annuities; Benefit societies; Life insurance (s) Refer from Marine insurance (s) ; Maritime law Refer from Compulsory insurance (s) ; Insurance, Compulsory (s) ; Insurance, Health ; Insurance, Industrial; Insurance, Life; In- surance, Workingmen's (s) ; Workingmen's insurance (s) Refer from Gems Refer from Brain; Intelligence (s) ; Knowl- edge; Mind (s) ; Philosoph}-; Psychology; Thought and thinking; Understanding (s) Refer from Catholic church; Cluirch dis- cipline; Church polity; Excommunication Refer from Arithmetic; Arithmetic, Com- mercial; Banks and banking; Capital; Com- merce; Discount; Economics; Ethics; Fi- nance; Investments; Loans; Money; Nego- tiable instruments; Profit; Usury (s) Refer from Psychology, Educational Refer from Interest; Mathematics etc. ; Tables, Interest (s) Tables, Refer from Light; Optical interference (s) 199 Internal revenue see Internal revenue laws; Stamp duties; Taxation; also names of countries, subhead Revenue Internal revenue laws International arbitration see Arbitration, In- ternational International copyright see Copyright International exchange see Foreign exchange International exhibitions see Exhibitions International language see Language, Artifi- cial; Language, Universal International law See also Aliens; Allegiance; Arbitration, International; Asylum, Right of; Blockade; Boundaries; Cables, Submarine; Citizen- ship; Claims; Confiscation; Consuls; Con- traband of war; Diplomacy; Diplomatic and consular service; Drago doctrine; Em- bargo laws; Exterritoriality; Extradition; Guerrillas; Impressment; Indemnity; In- ternational relations; Intervention; Juris- diction; Maritime law; Military law; Alon- roe doctrine; Natural law; Naturalization; Neutrality; Passports; Peace; Pirates; Po- litical offenses; Privateering; Prizes (inter- national law) ; Recognition (international law); Red cross; Salvage; Search, Right of; Sovereignty; State ethics ; Treaties ; War International marriages see Alarriages, In- ternational International politics see International rela- tions International relations See also Ambassadors; Arbitration, In- ternational; Balance of power; Consuls; Diplomacy; Diplomatic and consular serv- ice; Diplomatic memoirs; Diplomats; Disarmament; Eastern question; Frontiers; Holy alliance; International law; Mili- tarism; Monroe doctrine; Peace; Race problems; Sea power; State ethics; Trea- ties; Triple alliance, 1883-; War; also names of countries, subhead Foreign relations Internationalism see International relations Interf)ceanic canals see Ship canals Interstate conunerce See also Railroads — Rates; Railroads — U. S. ; Railroads and state; Restraint of trade; Transportation Intcrurhan railroads see Electric railroads Intervention See also Holy alliance; Monroe doctrine Interviewing see Journalism; Reporting Intestate succession see Inheritance Intestines See also Appendicitis; Digestive system; V'isccra Intolerance see Fanaticism; Liberty of con- science; Religious liberty Intoxicants see Alcohol; Liquors; Stimulants Intoxication see Alcoholism; Liquor problem; Temperance Refer from Excise laws (s) ; Finance; In- ternal revenue (s) ; Liquor laws; Taxation; U. S. — Revenue Refer from Arbitration, International; Block- ade; Commerce; Diplomacy; Diplomatic and consular service ; International relations ; Juris- diction; Law; Law of nations (s) ; Maritime law ; Military law ; Ministers of state ; Nations, Law of (s) ; Natural law ; Neutrality ; Treaties ; War Refer from Balance of power; Diplomacy; Diplomatic and consular service; Disarma- ment; Foreign relations (s) ; History; Inter- national law; International politics (s) ; In- ternationalism (s) ; Ministers of state; Peace; Politics; Race problems; Treaties; War; World politics (s) Refer from Carriers; Commerce; Govern- ment regulation of industry; Railroads — Law ; Railroads — Rates ; Railroads and state ; Restraint of trade; U. S. — Commerce Refer from Holy alliance; International law; Monroe doctrine; War Refer from Abdomen; Digestive system; Viscera Intuition See also Psychology Inundations see Floods In\"alid cookery see Cookery for the sick Invalids See also Diet; Health resorts; Nurses and nursing Invasions of Rome, Barbarian, see Barbarian in\'asions of Rome Inventions See also Industrial arts ; Inventors ; Patents Inventors See also Inventions Invertebrates See also Arthropoda ; Brachiopoda; Coe- lenterata; Crustacea; Echinodermata ; In- sects ; Mollusks ; Polyzoa ; Protozoa ;Sponges ; Worms; Zoology Fossil See also Insects, Fossil; Mollusks, Fossil Investments See also Annuities; Banks and banking; Bonds; Building and loan associations; Insurance; Interest; Loans; Mortgages; Railroads — Finance; Real estate; Real estate business; Securities; Speculation; Stocks; Thrift Invisible empire see Ku-Klux Klan Ionization of gases See also Electric discharges through gases; Ions; Radioactivity Ionized air see Ionization of gases Ions See also Dissociation ; Electric discharges through gases; Electrochemistry; Electrol- ysis; Electrolytes; Electrons; Ionization of gases; Solution (chemistry) Iranian languages See also Aryan languages; Oriental lan- guages; Persian language Iranic languages see Iranian languages Irish ballads see Ballads, Irish Irish in the U. S. See also Scotch-Irish in the U. S. Irish land question see Land tenure — Ireland Irish language See also Celtic languages; Gaelic language Irish literature (Celtic) See also Celtic literature; Gaelic literature Irish Uterature (English) See also Ballads, Irish; English literature; Irish poetry Irish poetry See also Ballads, Irish; Irish literature; Songs, Irish Irish songs see Ballads, Irish; Songs, Irish Iron See also Annealing; Blast furnaces; Cast iron; Corrosion and anti-corrosives; Foun- Refer from Knowledge; Psychology Refer from Hygiene; Medicine; Nurses and nursing; Sick, The (s) Refer from Civilization; Discoveries (in science) (s) ; Industrial arts; Intellectual property (s) ; Inventors; Machinery; Patents; Property, Intellectual (s) ; Science Refer from Biography; Discoverers (s) ; Inventions; Scientists Refer from Arthropoda.; Brachiopoda; Coe- lenterata ; Echinodermata ; Mollusks ; Polyzoa ; Protozoa; Sponges; Worms; Zoology Refer fro )n Paleontology Refer from Bonds; Capital; Corporations; Economics ; Finance ; Interest ; Loans ; Money ; Mortgages; Negotiable instruments; Securi- ties; Speculation; Stocks; Thrift Refer from Air; Atmospheric nucleation; Electric discharges through gases; Electricity; Gases ; Ionized air (s) ; Ions ; Radioactivity Refer from Atoms; Chemistry; Chemistry, Physical; Dissociation; Electricity; Electro- chemistry; Electrolysis; Electrolytes; Elec- trons; Ionization of gases; Matter; Solution (chemistry) ; X rays Refer from Aryan languages; Iranic lan- guages (s) ; Oriental languages; Persian lan- guage Refer from U. S. — Foreign population Refer from Celtic languages; Erse (s) ; Gaelic lan;^uage Refer from Celtic literature; Gaelic literature Refer from British literature (s) ; English literature; Irish poctr)' Refer from Ballads, Irish; British poctr)- (s) ; English poetry; Irish literature Refer fro'n Annealing; Building materials; Cast iron; Metallography; Metals; Steel dry work ; Galvanizing ; Hardware ; Iron age ; Iron industry; Iron mines and mining; Iron ores; Ironwork; Metallography; Metals; Slag; Steel; Tubes; \\rought iron Iron age Sfe also Archaeology Iron-clad vessels see Armored vessels Iron founding see P'oundry work Iron industry See also Foundry work; Iron mines and mining ; Rolling mills ; Steel industry ; Stoves Iron Mask Iron mines and mining See also Iron ores Iron ores See also Iron mines and mining; Lodestonc Iron trade see Iron industry Iron work see Ironwork Ironclads see Armored vessels Ironwork See also Arts and crafts; Blacksmithing ; Forging; Grilles; Iron industry; Metal coloring; Metal work; Railings; Welding; Wrought iron Irony Iroquois Indians See also Indians of New York; Sullivan's expedition Irrigation See also Alkali lands; Civil engineering; Dams^ Drainage; Dry farming; Irrigation canals; Reclamation of land; Reservoirs; Water rights; Windmills Irrigation canals See also Flumes Irritability See also Heliotropism ; Plants — Move- ments Irvingites see Catholic apostolic church Isinglass see Gelatin; Mica Islam see Alohammedanism Islands See also Corals and coral islands; Physical geography Imaginary, see Geographical m\-ths Islands of the Mediterranean Isomerism See also Stereochemistry Israelites see Jews Isthmian canal see Panama canal Italian drama See also Dramatists, Italian; Italian literature; Theater — Italy Italian fiction See also Italian literature Italian language [subdi\idcd like German language] See also Romance languages Refer from Archaeology; Iron Refer fro >n Iron; Iron trade (s) ; Ironwork; Manufactures; Rolling mills; Steel industry Refer from France — History — Bourbons ; Man with the iron mask (s) Refer from Iron; Iron industry; Iron ores; Mines and mineral resources Refer from Iron; Iron mines and mining; Ore deposits; Ores Refer from Arts and crafts; Blacksmithing; Decoration and ornament; Forge work (s), Forging; Grilles; Iron; Iron work (s) ; A'letal work; Wrought iron; Wrought iron work (s) Refer from Humor; Rhetoric; Satire Refer from Five nations (s) ; Indians ; In- dians of New York; Six nations (s) Refer from Agriculture; Ci\il engineering; Dams; Drainage; Engineering; Hydraulic engineering; Reclamation of land; Reservoirs; Soils; Water supply Rejer from Canals; Flumes; Irrigation Refer from Animals — Habits and behavior; Animals — Irritability (s) ; Biology; Helio- tropism; Movements of animals (s) ; Plants — Mo\-ements Refer from Geography-; Physical geography Rejer from Mediterranean Sea Refer from Chemistry, Physical chemistrv Stereo- Refer from Dramatists, Italian; Italian lit- erature; Italian poctr\-; Theater — Italy Refer from Italian literature Refer from Romance languages Italian literature See also Authors, Italian; Italian drama; Refer from Authors, Italian; Italian drama; Italian fiction; Italian poctr\- ; Romance Italian fiction; Italian poetry; Romance lit- literature erature Italian painting see Painting, Italian Italian poetry See also Italian drama; Italian literature; Poets, Italian Italians in the U. S. See also Padrone system Italy — History To 1559 See also Barbarian in\'asions of Rome ; Guelfs and Ghibcllines; Rome — His- tory 1559-1789 See also Austrian succession. War of 1789-1815 See also Napoleonic wars 1815- See also Carbonari; Triple alliance, 1881- Rejer from Italian literature; Poets, Italian Refer from U. S. — Foreign population Refer from Barbarian invasions of PvOme ; Guelfs and Ghibcllines Refer from Austrian succession, War of Ivory Jacobins See also French revolution Jacobites See also England — History — 1714-1837; Nonjurors Jails see Prisons Jainism see Jains Jains See also India — Religion Jameson's Taid, 1895-1896 Janissaries see Jani/aries Janizaries See also Turkey — Arm\- ; Turkey — History Jansenists Japanese ethics see Ethics, Japanese Japanese folklore see Folklore — Japan Japanese in California Japanese in the U. S. See also Japanese in California Japanese language See also Oriental languages Japanese legends see Legends — Japan Japanese literature See also Oriental literature Japanning See also \'arnish and varnishing Jarley waxworks Jealousy See also Emotions; Love Jesters see Fools Jests see Humor Refer from Carbonari Refer from Animal products; Carving (art industries); Elephants; Sculpture Refer from Breton club (s) ; French rc\olu- tion Refer from England — • History — Stuarts ; England — History — 1714-1837 ; Scotland — History Refer from Hinduism; India — Religion; Jainism (s) Refer from South African war, 1899-1902; Transvaal Refer from Janissaries (s) ; Turkey — Army; Turkey — History Refer from Catholic church; Catholic church — History; Church history — Alodern ; Jes- uits Refer from California; Japanese in the \]. S. Refer fro fn Race problems — U. S. ; U. S. — Foreign population; U. S. — Foreign relations — Japan Refer from Oriental languages Refer from Oriental literature Refer from Lacquer; \'arnish and varnishing Refer from Entertainments; Waxworks, Liv- ing (s) Refer from Emotions; Love 203 Jesuits See also Jansenists Missions See also Catholic church — Missions; Indians — Missions Jesus, Society of, see Jesuits Jesus Christ See also Antichrist; Apostles; Atonement; Bible; Bible — New Testament; Christian- ity; Cross; Easter; Holy sepulcher; In- carnation; Lord's supper; Mary, Virgin; Messiah; Millennium ; Miracles ; Salvation; Second advent; Soclnianism; Transubstan- tiation; Trinity Art, see Jesus Christ in art Ascension, see Jesus Christ — Resurrec- tion and ascension Atonement, see Atonement Baptism Biography Birth See also Christmas; Incarnation; Magi — Character See also Jesus Christ — • Person and offices Crucifixion, see Jesus Christ — Passion Death, see Jesus Christ — ■ Passion — Divinity See also Arlanism ; Jesus Christ — Messiahship; Soclnianism; Trinity; Uni- tarianism — Genealogy Iconography, see Jesus Christ in art Incarnation, see Incarnation — Legends Life, see Jesus Christ — Biography — Messiahship See also Alesslah -Miracles -Names -Nativity, see Jesus Christ -Passion Birth -Person and offices See also Jesus Christ — Character -Portraits, see Jesus Christ in art -Resurrection and ascension See also Easter Second advent, see Second advent Teaching See also Bible — New Testament — Gospels; Parables; Sermon on the mount Temptation Transfiguration Trial Jesus Christ in art See also Christian art and symbolism; Madonnas Refer from Catholic church; Church history; Counter-reformation; Jesus, Society of (s) ; Monasticism; Religious orders; Society of Jesus (s) Refer from Catholic church — Missions ; Indians — Missions ; Missions Refer from Atonement; Bible; Bible — New Testament; Bible — New Testament — Gos- pels; Christ (s) ; Christianity; Chrlstology (s) ; God; Incarnation; Jews; Lord's supper ; Alary, Virgin; Messiah; Millennium; Prophecies; Religion; Second advent; Theology; Trinity Refer from Baptism Refer from Jesus Christ — Life (s) Refer from Christmas; Jesus Christ — Na- tivity (s) ; Nativity of Christ (s) ; Virgin birth of Christ (s) Refer from Jesus Christ — Person and offices Refer from Arlanism; Divinity (s) ; Human- itarlanlsm (theology) (s) ; Trinity; Unitarian- ism Refer from Legends Refer from Jesus Christ — Divinity; Mes- siah Refer from Miracles Refer from Crucifixion; Jesus Christ — Crucifixion (s) ; Jesus Christ — Death (s) Refer from Jesus Christ — Character Refer from Ascension of Jesus Christ (s) ; Easter; Jesus Christ — Ascension (s) ; Res- urrection Refer from Bible — New Testament — Gospels ; Parables Refer from Temptation Refer from Transfiguration of Jesus Christ (s) Refer from Bible — Pictorial illustrations; Christian art and symbolism; Jesus Christ — 204 Art (s) ; Jesus Christ — -Iconography (sj ; Jesus Christ — Portraits (s) Jets See also Hydraulics; Hydrodynamics ^^/i?r//-ow Fluids ; Hydraulics ; Hydrodynam- ics ; Liquids Jetties See also Breakwaters Refer from Breakwaters; Harbors; Hydraulic engineering; Reclamation of land Jewelry S>^ a/j-o Arts and crafts ; Beads ; Bracelets ; Refer from Arts and crafts; Bracelets; Brooches; Cameos; Gems; Goldsmithing; Brooches; Costume ; Decoration and ornament ; Hall marks; Pearls; Plate; Precious stones; Gems; Gold; Goldsmithing; Metal work; Rings; Silversmithing Precious stones; Rings; Silversmithing Jewish ethics see Ethics, Jewish Jewish language see Hebrew language ; Yiddish language Jewish literature Sc^- fl/jo Bible ; Cabala ; Hebrew literature; Refer from Hebrew literature; Jews — Talmud; Yiddish literature Literature (s) Jewries see Ghettos Jews See also Anglo-Israelism ; Bible; Circum- Refer frovi Bible; Church history; Ghettos; cision; Essenes ; Ghettos; Jesus Christ; Hebrews (s) ; Israelites (s) ; Palestine; Race Messiah; Palestine; Passover; Patriarchs; problems ; Semitic race ; Zionism Prophets; Sabbath, Jewish; Semitic race; Zionism — — Antiquities See also Bible — Antiquities Refer from Bible — Antiquities Biography Charities Refer from Charities Civilization Customs, see Jews — Social life and customs Education Ethics, see Ethics, Jewish Ethnology See also Bible — Ethnology Refer from Bible — Ethnology History See also Bible — History Refer from Bible — History Language, see Hebrew language; Yiddish language — — Law See also Mosaic law Refer from Mosaic law Literature, see Hebrew literature; Jewish literature; Yiddish literature Liturgy and ritual Refer from Jews — Religion; Jews — Rit- ual (s) Lost tribes -S'r^ fl/.fo Anglo-Israelism Refer from Anglo-Israelism; Bible — Eth- nology; Lost tribes of Israel (s) ; Ten tribes of Israel (s) Music, see Music — Jews Persecution Refer from Jews — Political and social conditions; Persecution Political and social conditions See also Jews — I'ersccution ; Jews in Refer from Anti-Semitism (s) ; Jews — Russia; Jews in the U. S. ; Zicmism Social conditions (s) Religion See also Bible — Old Testament; Cab- Refer from Circumcision; Judaism (s) ; ala ; Circumcision; Essenes; Jews — Passover; Religions Liturgy and ritual; Messiah; Mosaic law; Passover; Sabbath, Jewish; Talmud -Ritual, see Jews — Liturgy and ritual Social conditions, see Jews — Pf)litical and social conditions 205 Jews — Continued Social life and customs Sff also Ethics, Jewish Jews in Russia Jews in the U. S. Jiu-jitsu Sft' also Wrestling Joinery see Carpentry Joint authorship see Collaboration Joint standard see Bimetallism Joint-stock companies See also Corporations; Partnership; Stocks Joints See also Anatomy; Dislocations Jokes see Humor Journalism See also Amateur journalism ; Authorship ; Caricature and cartoons; Editorials; Libel and slander; Liberty of the press; News- papers; Periodicals; Publicity; Reporting; Students' periodicals; War correspondence Journals (machinery) see Bearings (machinery) Journeys see Voyages and travels; also names of countries, subhead Description and travel Joy See also Emotions; Llappiness ; Pleasure Jubilee singers Judaeo-German see Yiddish language Judaism see Jews — Religion Judeo-German see Yiddish language Judges See also Chancellors, Lord; Chief justices ; Justices of the peace; Magistrates Judgment See also Common sense; Psychology; Reason Judgment day See also Eschatology; Future life; Second advent Judiciary see Courts; Judges Juggling see Conjuring July fourth see Fourth of July Jurassic period see Geology, Stratigraphic — Jurassic ; Paleontology — Jurassic Jurisdiction See also Constitutional law; Courts; Equity; International law Jurisprudence see Law Jurisprudence, Medical, see Medical juris- prudence Jurists see Lawyers See also Constitutional law; Trials Justice See also Equity Refer from Jews — Customs (s) Refer from Jews — Political and social conditions Refer fro7n Jews — Political and social conditions Refer from Athletics; Physical education; Sports; Wrestling Refer from Business; Commercial law; Cor- porations; Partnership; Stock companies (s) ; Stocks Refer from Anatomy; Articulations (s) ; Bones; Dislocations Refer from Authorship; Editorials; Inter- viewing (s) ; Liberty of the press; Literature; Newspaper work (s) ; Newspapers ; Periodicals ; Press (s) ; Professions; Reporting; Writing for the press (s) ; Yellow journalism (s) Refer from Emotions; Happiness; Pleasure Refer from Fisk university; Negro songs Refer from Biography; Chief justices; Courts; Judiciary (s) ; Justices (s) ; Law; Lawyers ; Magistrates Refer from Intellect ; Knowdedge ; Psychology ; Reason Refer from Day of judgment (s) ; Escha- tology ; Future life ; Last judgment (s) ; Second advent; Theology Refer from Constitutional law; Courts; International law; Law; Probate law and practice Refer from Constitutional law; Courts; Criminal law; Grand jury (s) ; Law; Trial by jury (s) ; Trials Refer from Conduct of life; Equity; Ethics; Law 206 Justices see Chief justices; Judges; Justices of the peace Justices of the peace Refer from Judges; Justices (s) ; Law; Magistrates Justification See also Faith; Grace (theology) Refer from Faith; Grace (theology); Salva- tion ; Theology Jute See also Fibers Refer from Fibers; Hemp Juvenile courts See also Juvenile delinquency; Probation Refer from Children — Law; Children's system courts (s) ; Courts; Criminal law; Juvenile delinquency; Probation system; Reformatories Juvenile delinquency See also Children, Abnormal and back- Refer from Boys; Children; Children — ward; Defectives ; Juvenile courts ; Parental Law; Crime and criminals; Defectives; schools; Reformatories; Truancy; Truant Delinquent children (s) ; Juvenile courts; schools Juvenile offenders (s) ; Social problems Juvenile literature see Children's literature Juvenile offenders see Juvenile delinquency Juvenile reformatories see Reformatories Kabala see Cabala Kabbala see Cabala Kaffirs see Kafirs Kafirs See also Africa, South Refer from Africa, South; Caffres (s) ; Ethnology — • Africa, South ; Kaffirs (s) Kaki see Khaki Kaleidoscope Refer from Optical instruments Kalifs see Caliphs Kansas-Nebraska bill Refer from Kansas — Flistory; Missouri compromise; Nebraska — Historv; Slavery in the U. S. Kantianism see Critical philosophy Karens See^also Burma Refer from Burma Kartels (economics) see Combination, Indus- trial ; Trusts Karyokinesis Refer from Biology; Caryokinesis (s) ; Cells; Chromosomes (s) ; Cytokinesis (s) ; Mitosis (s) Katabolism see Metabolism Kathode rays see Cathode rays Kayans see Dyaks Keeley cure see Gold cure Keltic languages see Celtic languages Keltic literature see Celtic literature Kelts sec Celts Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, 1798 Refer from Alien and sedition laws, 1798; Kentucky — History ; Kentucky resolutions(s) ; Nullification; State rights; Virginia — His- tory; \'irginia resolutions (s) Kentucky resolutions, 1798, see Kentucky and \'irginia resolutions, 1798 Keramics see Pottery Kerosene see Petroleum Kerosene engines see Gas and oil engines Keswick movement Refer from Revivals Keys see Locks and keys Khaki Refer from Cotton; Dyes and dyeing; Kaki (s) ; Textile industry and fabrics; Wool Caliphs Kidnapping See also Brigands and robbers; impress- Refer from Crime and criminals; Slave trade 207 Khalifs see Caliphs idnapping See also Brigai ment ; Slave trade Kidneys Sc'i' also Urinary organs Kindergarten See also Cardboard construction; Child study; Children; Finger plays; Nature study; Object teaching; Paper work; Play; Story telling Games and songs Stories Kindness Kindness to animals see Animals — - Treatment Kinematics See also Dynamics; Force and energy; Mechanical movements; Mechanics; Mo- tion; Velocity Kinematograph see Moving pictures Kinetic theory of gases see Gases — Kinetic theory Kinetics see Dynamics; Alotion Kinetograph see Moving pictures Kinetoscope see Moving pictures King Philip's war, 1675-1676 See also Indians — Wars ; New England — History ; U. S. — ■ History — Colonial period King William's war, 1689-1697 See also Indians — Wars; U. S. — His- tory — Colonial period Kingdom of God ■• Kings and rulers See, also Caliphs; Courts and courtiers; Divine right of kings; Doges; Emperors; Monarchy; Popes; Presidents; Princes and princesses ; Queens and empresses ; Royal descent, Families of Kingship see Alonarchy Kinship see Consanguinity; Family Kissing Kitchen See also Cookery; Home economics Kitchen garden (for teaching housekeeping) Kitchen gardening (vegetables) see Gardening Kitchen middens See also Mounds and mound builders Kites Kneipp cure see Hydrotherapy Knife see Knives Knight-errantry see Chivalry; knighthood Knightage see Peerage Knighthood see Knights and knighthood Knights and knighthood See also Chivalry; Feudalism; Heraldry; Peerage; also orders of knighthood, e.g. Garter, Order of the; Malta, Knights of; Templars; Teutonic knights Knights hospitallers see Malta, Knights of Knights of Malta see Malta, Knights of Knights of Rhodes see Malta, Knights of Refer fro m Viscera Abdomen; Urinary organs; Knights and Refer from Child study; Children; Children — Education (s) ; Education; Education, Elementary; Education of children (s) ; Elementary education (s) ; Froebel sj'stem of education (s) ; Gifts (kindergarten) (s) ; Object teaching; Schools; Teaching Refer fro }n Children's songs; Games; Play; School music; Songs Refer from Children's literature; Stories (s) Refer from Affection (s) ; Charity; Conduct of life; Ethics Refer from Cinematics (s) ; Dynamics; Machinery; Mechanical movements; Mechan- ics ; Motion ; Physics ; \'elocity Refer from Indians — Wars; New England — History; U. S. — History — Colonial period Refer from England — History — Stuarts; Indians — Wars ; New York (state) — History ; U. S. — History — Colonial period Refer fro m Theology Refer from Biography; Courts and courtiers; Despotism; Emperors; History; Magistrates; Monarchs (s) ; Monarchy; Royalty (s) ; Rulers (s) ; Sovereigns (s) Refer from Manners and customs Refer from Cookery; Home economics Refer from Home economics Refer from Archaeology; Indians — An- tiquities; Mounds and mound builders; Shell mounds (s) Refer from Aeronautics ; Amusements ; Sports Refer from Chivalry; Feudalism; Heraldry; Knight-errantry (s) ; Knighthood (s) ; Orders of knighthood (s) ; Peerage 208 Knights of St. John of Jerusalem see Malta, Knights of Knights of the cross see Teutonic knights Knights of the red cross see Freemasons Knights templars (masonic) see Freemasons — Templars Knights templars (military order) see Templars Knitting See also Fancy work Knives See also Cutlery Knotting and splicing see Knots and splices Kjiots and splices Know-nothing party See also U. S. — History — • 1815-1861 Knowledge See also Apperception; Belief; Education; Experience; Intellect; Intuition ; Judgment ; Aletaphysics ; Perception; Philosophy; Psychology; Reality; Science; Truth Knownothing party see Know-nothing party Koomis see Kumiss Koran See also IVIohammedanism Koumys see Kumiss Ku-Klux Klan See also Reconstruction Kumiss Kuran see Koran Kyanizing see Wood — Preservation Kymric language see Welsh language Kymric literature see Welsh literature Labadists Labor and capital See also Arbitration and conciliation, Industrial; Boycott; Capital; Combination, Industrial; Cooperation; Employers' associ- ations; Employers' liability; Industrial betterment; Industry; Labor and laboring classes; Labor unions; Profit sharing; Strikes and lockouts; Wages Labor and laboring classes See also Age limit of employment ; Appren- tices ; Arbitration and conciliation, Indus- trial; Benefit societies; Child labor; Com- munism; Consumers' leagues; Contract labor; Convict labor; Coolies; Cooperation; Cost of living; Economics; Efficiency, In- dustrial; Employers' liability; Employment agencies; Factory system; Farm colonics; Farm labor; Gilds; Home labor; Hours of labor; Housing problem; Immigration and emigration; Industrial betterment; Indus- trial education; Industry; Insurance, In- dustrial; Labor and capital; Labor ex- changes; Labor laws; Labor unions; Leisure class; Machinery in industry; Mechanics' institutes; Miners; Occupations; Old age Refer from Fancy work; Needlework Refer from Cutlery; Hardware; Knife (s) Refer from Cordage; Knotting and splic- ing (s) ; Navigation; Rope; Splicing (s) Refer from American party (s) ; Knownoth- ing party (s) ; Political parties; U. S. — His- tory — 1815-1861 ; U. S. — Politics Refer from Apperception; Consciousness; Education; Epistemology (s) ; Intellect; Learning (s) ; Metaphysics; Philosophy; Ps)'- chology Refer from Alcoran (s) ; Alkoran (s) ; Kuran (s) ; Mohammedanism; Quran (s) ; Sacred books Refer from Invisible empire (s) ; Reconstruc- tion; Secret societies; Southern states; White league (s) Refer from Koomis (s) ; Koumys (s) ; Liquors; Milk Refer from Sects Refer from Arbitration and conciliation, Industrial; Capital; Capital and labor (s) ; Economics; Labor and laboring classes; Profit sharing Refer frojii Economics; Industry; Labor and capital; Labor unions; Laborers (s) ; Manu- factures; People; Poor; Profit sharing; Social problems; Sociology; Strikes and lockouts: Wages; Wealth; Work; Working classes (s) 209 Labor and laboring classes — Continued pensions; Open and closed shop; Padrone system; Peasantry; Peonage; Poor; Profit sharing; Railroads — Employees; Scientific management; Servants; Slavery; Socialism; Sociology; Standard of living; Strikes and lockouts; Sweating sj'stem ; Unemployed; Villeinage; Wages; Women — Employment; Work; Workingmen's clubs; also names of cities, subhead Labor and laboring classes — U. s. See also U. S. — Social conditions Labor and machinery see Machinery in industry Labor colonies see Farm colonies; Penal colo- nies Labor exchanges See also Employment agencies ; Unem- ployed Labor laws See also Blacklisting ; Boycott ; Employers' liability; Factory laws; Hours of labor; injunctions; Mining laws Labor legislation see Labor laws Labor organizations see Gilds; Labor unions Labor unions See also Arbitration and conciliation, Industrial; Benefit societies; Blacklisting; Boycott; Combination, Industrial; Coopera- tion; Employers' associations; Gilds; Labor and laboring classes; Open and closed shop; Restfaint of trade; Strikes and lockouts; Trade agreements; Wages Laboratories See also Biological laboratories Laborers see Labor and laboring classes Laborers' dwellings see Housing problem Lace See also Needlework Laconics see Maxims Lacquer See also Japanning; Varnish and varnish ing Lacrosse Ladies see Etiquet; Women La grippe see Influenza Lake District, Eng. See also Cumberland, Eng.; Lake poets; Lancashire, Eng.; Westmoreland, Eng. Lake dwellers and lake dwellings See also Archaeology Lake poets See also English poetry; Lake District, Eng. Refer from U. S. — Economic conditions; v. S. — Labor and laboring classes (s) ; U. S. — Social conditions Refer from Arbitration and conciliation, Industrial; Employment agencies; Intelli- gence offices (s) ; Labor and laboring classes; Unemployed Refer from Children — Law; Employers' liability ; Factory laws ; Government regulation of industry; Industrial betterment; Labor and laboring classes; Labor legislation (s) ; Law Refer from Associations (s) ; Benefit societies ; Boycott; Collective bargaining (s) ; Combi- nation, Industrial; Commerce; Cooperation; Economics; Gilds; Labor and capital; Labor and laboring classes; Labor organizations (s) ; Open and closed shop; Organized labor (s) ; Restraint of trade; Societies; Strikes and lockouts; Trade unions (s) ; Trades combina- tion (s) ; Unions, Labor (s) ; Wages; Work- ingmen's associations (s) Refer from Research; Scientific research Refer from Arts and crafts; Domestic arts; Fancy work; Alanufactures ; Needlework; Weaving Refer from Arts and crafts; Varnish and varnishing; Wood finishing Refer from Games Refer from Cumberland, Eng. ; England — Description and travel; Lake poets; Lakes; Lancashire, Eng.; Westmoreland, Eng. Refer from Anthropology; Archaeology; Architecture, Ancient; Ethnology; Lakes; Man — Origin and antiquity Refer from English poctr\'; Lake District, Eng.; Lake school (s) ; Lakisls (s) ; Poets, English lands : Rent: Lake school see Lake poets Lakes See also Great Lakes; Inland navigation; Lake District, Eng. ; Lake dwellers and lake dwellings; Physical geography; Ponds Lakists see Lake poets Lamaism See also Buddhism; Tibet Lamarckism see Evolution; Lamarck Lamellibranchiata see Bivalves Lampoons see Satire Lamps See also Electric lamps; Safety lamps Land See also Agriculture; Clearing of land; Deeds; Easements; Eminent domain; Farm colonies; Farms; Land grants; Land na- tionalization; Land tenure; Land titles; Landlord and tenant; Parks; Public Real estate; Reclamation of land; School lands; Single tax; Surveying; Taxa- tion; Unearned increment Land banks See also Agricultural credit; Banks and banking Land clearing see Clearing of land Land credit see Agricultural credit Land drainage see Drainage Land grants See also School lands; also countries, subhead Public lands Land nationalization See also Communism; Land tenure; Single tax; Socialism Land surveying see Surveying Land tenure See also Absenteeism; Commons; Emi- nent domain; Feudalism; Land nationaliza- tion; Land titles; Landlord and tenant; Manors; Alark (land); Mortmain; Real estate; Rent; Riparian rights; School lands; Scutage; Single tax; Taxation; Unearned increment; Village communities; Villeinage Ireland See also Absenteeism U. S. See also Homestead law; U. S. — Public lands Land titles See also Conveyancing; Deeds; Mort- gages; Real estate; Sale; 'I'orrens system Land transfer See Conveyancing Land yachts Landlord and tenant See also Absenteeism; Apartment houses; Eviction; Land; Rent; Tenement houses Landmarks, Preservation of, see Preservation of landmarks, scenery, etc. Landscape See also Picturesque; Preservation of landmarks, scenery, etc. Landscape gardening See also Cemeteries; Evergreens; Forests and forestry; Garden ornaments and furni- Refer from Inland navigation; Physical geography; Ponds; Watei Refer from Buddhism; Religions; Tibet Refer from Furniture; Lighting; Petroleum Refer from Agriculture; Economics; Land- lord and tenant; Law; Property; Real estate; Rent Refer from Agricultural banks (s) ; Agri- cultural credit; Banks and banking names of Refer from Land; \I . S. — Public lands Refer from Communism ; Land ; Land tenure ; Nationalization of land (s) ; Single tax; Social- ism Refer from Absenteeism; Agriculture; Eco- nomics; Inheritance; Land; Land nationaliza- tion ; Real estate ; Single tax ; Tenure of land (s) Refer from Absenteeism; Ireland — Land tenure (s) ; Irish land question (s) Refer from U. S. — Economic conditions; U. S. — Land tenure (s) Refer from Abstracts of title (s) ; Conveyanc- ing; Deeds; Land; Land tenure; Property'; Real estate; Sale; Titles (land) (s) Refer from Sports; Yachts and yachting Refer from Commercial law; Land; Land tenure; Law; Real estate; Rent; Tenants (s) Refer from Esthetics; Natural scenery (s) ; Picturesque; Scenery (s) Refer from Architectural gardening (s) ; Art; Cemeteries; Forests and forestry; Formal ture; Gardening; Gardens; Hedges; Lawns; Municipal improvement; Pari:s ; Pergolas; Rustic woodwork; Shrubs; Topiary work; Trees ; Water gardens Landscape painting Si'f also Barbizon school; Painting Landslides See also Avalanches Language See also Accent; Alliteration; Alphabet; Classical education; Conversation; Defini- tion; Dialects; Elocution; Epithets; Ety- mology; Grammar; Hieroglyphics; Idioms; Literature; Names; Onomatopoeia; Phonet- ics; Pronunciation; Prosody; Punctuation; Rhetoric; Sign language; Slang; Speech; Spelling; Synonyms and antonyms; Trans- lation; Transliteration; Words; Writing; also names of languages and groups of lan- guages, e.g. African languages; Aryan languages; Dravidian languages; Indians — languages; Oceanic languages; Oriental lan- guages; Romance languages; Semitic lan- guages ; Ural-Altaic languages Artificial See also Bolak; Esperanto; Ido; Vola- piik Comparative philology Universal See also Language, Artificial Language of animals see Animals — I>anguage Language of flowers see Flower language Langue bleue (artificial language) see Bolak Langue'd'oc see Provengal language Langue d'o'il see French language Lantern slides See also Stereopticon Lapidary work see Gems Larceny See also Burglary; Embezzlement; Thieves Last judgment see Judgment day Last words of famous people Lathe work see Lathes; Turning Lathes See also Machine shop practice; Machine tools; Turning; Woodworking machinery Latin America See also Central America; Mexico; Mon- roe doctrine; South America; West Indies Latin drama See also Dramatists, Latin; Latin litera- ture; Theater — Rome Latin language [subdivided like German language] See also Aryan languages; Romance lan- guages Latin literature See also Classical literature; Latin drama; Latin language; Latin poetry Medieval and modern gardening (s) ; Gardening; Gardens; Hedges; Alunicipal improvement; Parks; Planting (s) : Rural architecture (s) ; Shrubs; Trees Refer from Painting Refer from Avalanches; Geology; Physical geography Refer from Anthropology; Ethnology; Lin- guistics (s) ; Literature; Philology (s) ; Science; Speech; Words Refer from Artificial language (s) ; Interna- tional language (s) ; Language, Universal Refer from Comparative philology (s) Refer from International language (s) ; Universal language (s) Refer from Stereopticon ^^/"^-r /row Burglary ; Crime and criminals; Shoplifting (s) ; Stealing (s) ; Theft (s) ; Thiev- ing (s) ; Thieves Refer from Anecdotes; Death-bed words (s) ; Dying words (s) Refer from Carpentry; Lathe work (s) ; Machine shop practice; Machine tools; Ma- chinery; Turning; Woodworking machinery Refer from Central America; Mexico; South America; Spanish America (s) Refer from Dramatists, Latin; Latin litera- ture; Theater — Rome Refer from Aryan languages; Classical languages (s) ; Latin literature Refer from Classical literature; Latin drama; Latin poetry; Roman literature (s) Latin poetry Stw also Latin literature Latin races St-e also Aryans ; Creoles Latitude and longitude See also Astronomy; Astronomy, Spherical and practical; Geography, Mathematical; Navigation; Nutation; Traverse tables Latter-day saints see Mormons and Mormonism Lattice See also Grilles Laughter See also Humor Launches see Motor boats; Steam launches Launching Laundry See also Cleaning Laureates see Poets laureate Lava See also Igneous rocks; \'olcanoes Law See also Acknowledgments; Actions at law; Administrators and executors; Ad- miralty; Adoption; Affidavits; Agency; Agricultural laws; Aliens; Allegiance; Anec- dotes, Legal; Appeal; Appraising; Arbi- tration and award; Assignments; Asylum, Right of; Attachment; Bail; Bailments; Bankruptcy; Benefit of clergy; Blue laws; Buildinglaws ; Carriers ; Chancery ; Charters ; Church law; Civil law; Civil rights; Com- mercial law; Common law; Confiscation; Constables; Constitutional law; Constitu- tions ; Contracts ; Conveyancing ; Copyright ; Coroners; Corporation law; Costs; County officers; Courts; Crime and criminals; Criminal law; Damages; Debt; Divorce; Domestic relations; Easements; Election laws; Eminent domain; Equity; Evidence; Extradition; Feudalism; Forms (in law); Game laws; Government; Guaranties and sureties; Guardians; Habeas corpus; Im- peachment; Inheritance; Injunctions; In- surance; International law; Judges; Juris- diction; Jury; Justice; Justices of the peace; Labor laws; Land; Landlord and tenant; Lawyers; Legacies; Legal ethics; Legislation; Libel and slander; Liens; Limitations (law); Liquor laws ; Lynch law; Magistrates; Mandamus; Maritime law; Marriage; Martial law; Master and servant; Medical jurisprudence; Military law; Min- ing laws; Mortgages; Mortmain; Mosaic law; Municipal corporations; Municipal law; Natural law; Negligence; Negotiable instruments; Notaries; Nuisances; Pardon; Parliamentary practice; Partnership; Pat- ents; Personal property; Petition, Right of; Pleading and practice; Police; Police power; Poor laws; Possession (in law); Powers (law); Primogeniture; Probate law and practice; Property; Prostitution; Punish- Refer from Latin literature Refer from Aryans; Civilization Refer from Astronomy; Astronomy, Spherical and practical; Degrees of latitude and longi- tude (s) ; Earth; Geodesy ; Geography ; Geog- raphy, Mathematical; Longitude (s) ; Nauti- cal astronomy; Navigation Refer from Doors; Fret cutting (s) ; Grilles; House decoration; Windows Refer from Emotions; Humor Refer from Shipbuilding; Ships Refer from Cleaning; Home economics; Washing (s) Refer from Igneous rocks; Volcanoes Refer from Civil law; Common law; Courts; Criminal law; Ethics; Government; Juris- prudence (s) ; Legislation; Municipal law; Pleading and practice; Professions; Science; Sociology 213 Law — Continued ment; Real estate; Receivers; Rent; Re- straint of trade; Riparian rights; Sale; Salic law; School laws; Sheriffs; Social contract; Sovereignty; Sumptuary laws; Survivorship; Torts; Trade-marks; Trea- son; Trespass; Trials; Trustees; Wager of battle; Wills; Witnesses; also subhead Law under countries and states, and under various subjects, e.g. Women — Law Study and teaching Law of nations see International law Law of nature see Natural law Law of supply and demand see Supply and demand Lawn tennis see Tennis Lawns See also Grasses Lawsuits see Actions at law Lawyers See also Anecdotes, Legal; Chancellors, Lord; Chief justices; Judges; Legal ethics; Magistrates ; Women as lawyers Laziness see Idleness Lead See also Lead burning; Lead mines and mining; Lead poisoning; Metals; Pewter; Plumbing Lead burning See also Plumbing Lead mines and mining Lead poisoning Leadership See also Executive ability Learned men see Scholars Learned societies See also Scientific societies; also names of countries and cities, subhead Learned in- stitutions and societies Learning see Culture; Education; Knowledge; Scholars Least squares See also Astronomy, Spherical and prac- tical ; Probabilities Refer from Legal education (s) ; Professional education Refer from Gardening; Grasses; Landscape gardening Refer from Attorneys (s) ; Bar (s) ; Bar- risters (s) ; Biography; Jurists (s) ; Law; Solicitors (s) Refer from Metals Refer from Lead; Plumbing Refer from Lead; Mines and mineral re- sources Refer from Lead; Occupations — Diseases and hygiene; Poisons Refer from Ability; Executive ability; Success Refer from Academies (learned societies) (s) ; Scientific societies; Societies Refer from Astronomy, Spherical and practi- cal ; Errors, Theory of ; Geodesy ; Mathematics ; Probabilities Leather See also Blacking; Chemistry, Technical; Boots and shoes; Harness; Hides and skins; Leather work; Tanning Leather work See also Arts and crafts Leaves See also Botany; Botany, Structural; Trees Lectures and lecturing See also Chalk talks; Lyceums; Oratory; Rhetoric Lecturing see Lectures and lecturing Refer from Animal products ; Boots and shoes ; Chemistry, Technical; Hides and skins; Man- ufactures; Tanning Refer from Arts and crafts; Fancy work; Leather Refer from Botany; Botany, Structural; Foliage (s) ; Plants; Trees Refer from I'"ducation; Entertainments; Lecturing (s) ; Lyceums; Oratory; Riieloric 214 Left- and right-handedness See also Ambidexterity; Hand Lefthandedness see Left- and right-handedness See also Anatomy; Artificial limbs Legacies See also Inheritance; Inheritance and transfer tax; Mortmain; Wills Legal anecdotes see Anecdotes, Legal Legal chemistry see Chemistry, Legal Legal education see Law — Study and teach- ing Legal ethics Legal forms see Forms (in law) Legal holidays see Holidays Legal medicine see Medical jurisprudence Legal tender See also Greenbacks; Money; Paper money Legations see Diplomatic and consular service Legends See also Animal lore; Arthurian romances; Ballads; Cross; Fables; Fairy tales; Faust; Folklore; Grail; Indians — Legends; Jesus Christ — Legends; IVIary, Virgin — Le- gends; Mythology; Romances; Sagas; Saints; Wandering Jew Celtic See also Folklore, Celtic Japan See also Folklore — Japan Legerdemain see Conjuring Legislation See also Government; Law; Legislative bodies; Lobbying; Parliamentary practice; Referendum; Veto Legislation, Direct, see Referendum Legislative bodies See also Committees; Parliamentary prac- tice; also names of legislative bodies under countries, states and cities Legs see Leg Legume inoculation see Soil inoculation Leisure Leisure class See also Class distinction; Luxury Lenape Indians see Delaware Indians Length, Standards of, see Standards of length Lenni Lenape see Delaware Indians Lenses See also Photographic optics Lent See also Ash Wednesday; Christian year; Easter; Fasts and feasts; Good Friday; Lloly week Lepers see Leprosy Refer from Ambidexterity; Habit; Hand Lefthandedness (s) ; Psychology, Physiological: Right-handedness (s) ; Righthandedness (sj Refer from Anatomy; Legs (s) Refer from Bequests (s) ; Inheritance; Law; Wills Refer from Ethics; Ethics, Legal (s) ; Law; Lawyers; Professional ethics (s) Refer from Bank notes; Coinage; Fiat money (s) ; Greenbacks; Money; Paper money Refer from Ballads; Fiction; Folklore; Literature; Mythology; Romances; Saints; Stories (s) ; Superstition; Traditions (s) Refer from Celtic legends (s) ; Celts; Folk- lore, Celtic Refer from Folklore — Japan; Japan — Le- gends (s) ; Japanese legends (s) Refer from Government; Law Refer from Committees; Constitutional law; Government ; Legislation ; Parliamentary prac- tice; Representative government and repre- sentation Refer from Conduct of life; Simple life Rejer from Class distinction; Economics; Labor and laboring classes ; Luxury ; Privileged classes; Social ethics; Sociology; Wealth Refer from Aberration; Optical instruments; Photograpliic optics; Photograpliy ; Spectacles Refer from Ash Wednesday ; Catholic church ; Christian year; Easter; Fasting; Fasts and feasts; Good Friday; Holy week 215 Lepidoptera See also Butterflies; Caterpillars; Insects; Moths Leprosy Letter writing See also Commercial correspondence; Etiquet ; Rhetoric Lettering See also Illumination of manuscripts and books; Monograms; Sign painting Letters American English Letters (of the alphabet) see Alphabet Letters of marque see Privateering Letters patent see Patents Leucopathy see Albinos and albinism Levant See also Asia Minor; East; Palestine; Turkey Levees see Embankments Leveling see Surveying Lewis and Clark expedition Lexicons see Dictionaries; also names of lan- guages and subjects, subhead Dictionaries Liability^ Employers', see Employers' liability Libel and slander See also Liberty of speech; Liberty of the press; Torts Liberalism See also Modernism; L^nitarianism Liberty See also Anarchism and anarchists; Assembly, Right of; Democracy; Equality; Free institutions; Liberty of conscience; Liberty of speech; Liberty of the press; Natural law; Religious liberty; Slavery Liberty of conscience See also Church and state; Dissenters; Heresy; Persecution; Private judgment; Public opinion; Religious liberty Liberty of speech See also Assembly, Right of; Libel and slander; Liberty of the press Liberty of the press See also Journalism; Libel and slander; Liberty of speech; Newspapers; Prohibited books; Public opinion Refer from Butterflies sects ; Motlis Refer from Lepers (s) ; Medicine Skin — Diseases Caterpillars; In- Practice : Libcrlv of the will Freedom of the wi Refer from Composition (English); Composi- tion (rhetoric) (s) ; Correspondence (s) ; Eti- quet; Rhetoric; Writing Refer from Alphabet; Alphabets (s) ; Deco- ration and ornament; Design, Decorative; Illumination of manuscripts and books; Ini- tials; Alechanical drawing; Monograms; Orna- mental alphabets (s) ; Painting, Mechanical; Penmanship; Sign painting; Writing Refer from Correspondence (s) ; Literature Refer from American letters (s) ; American literature Refer from English letters (s) ; English lit- erature Refer from Asia ; Asia Minor ; East ; Palestine ; Turkey Refer from Louisiana purchase; Missouri River; U. S. — Exploring expeditions; Western states Refer from Calumny (s) ; Damages; Def- amation (s) ; Journalism; Law; Liberty of speech; Liberty of the press; Slander (s) ; Torts Refer from Government; Politics; Theology; Unitarianism Refer from Civil liberty (s) ; Democracy; Despotism; Equality; Ethics; Free institu- tions; Freedom (s) ; Government; People; Personal liberty (s) ; Philosophy; Religious liberty Refer from Church and state; Church polity; Conscience; Ethics; Free religion; Heresy; Intolerance (s) ; Liberty; Persecution; Private j udgment ; Religious liberty ; Theology ; Tolera- tion (s) Refer from Assembly, Right of; Free speech (s) ; Libel and slander; Liberty ; Liberty of the press; Speech Refer from Censorship of the press (s) ; Free- dom of the press (s) ; Journalism; Libel and slander; Liberty; Liberty of speech; News- papers ; Periodicals ; Press (s) ; Prohibited books 216 Librarians See also Library administration Librarianship see Library administration; Library science Libraries •SV^" also Bibliography; Book clubs; Book collecting; Books; Books and reading; Catalogs, Library; Fiction in libraries; Home libraries; Librarians; Mechanics' institutes; Medical libraries; Reference books; School libraries; Sheh'ing (for books); Sunday school libraries; Taxation, Exemption from; also headings beginning Libraries and Librarj,', names of libraries, and names of cities, subhead Libraries Children's See also Children's literature ; Libraries and schools; School libraries College Home, see Home libraries Medical, see Medical libraries Municipal reference ^ — Private See also Book collecting Public School, see School libraries Sunday school, see Sunday school libraries Traveling See also Librarv post U.S. University, see Libraries, College Libraries, and children see Libraries, Children's Libraries and fiction see Fiction in libraries Libraries and pictures Libraries and schools See also Children's literature; Libraries, Children's ; School libraries Library administration See also Fiction in libraries; Library science Library architecture See also Shelving (for books) Library buildings see Library architecture Library bulletins Library catalogs see Catalogs, Library Library commissions Library cctjnomy see Library science Library fittings and supplies See also Sheh'ing (for books) Library laws Library post See also Parcels post Library schools and training Library science See also Bibliography; Bookbinding; Cataloging; Classification; Libraries; Li- brary administration; Library bulletins; Library schools and training Refer from Biography; Libraries Refer from Bibliography; Books; Books and reading; Circulating libraries (s) ; Education; Library science; Literature Refer from Child study; Children; Chil- dren's libraries (s) ; Children's literature; Li- braries and children (s) ; Libraries and schools; Schools and libraries (s) Refer from College libraries fs) ; Libraries, University (s) ; University libraries (s) Refer from Municipal reference libraries (s) Refer from Book collecting; Private li- braries (s) Refer from Public libraries (s) Refer from Traveling libraries (s) Refer'from U. S. — Libraries (s) Refer from Pictures Refer from Children's literature; Education; Libraries, Children's; Public schools; School libraries; Schools; Schools and libraries (s) Refer from Librarians; Librarianship (s) ; Library science Refer from Architecture; Library build- ings (s) ; Public buildings Refer from Advertising; Bulletins, Li- brary (s) ; Library science Refer from Furniture Refer from. Libraries, Traveling; Parcels post ; Postal service Refer from Library science; Library train- ing (s) ; Professional education Refer from Cataloging; Classification; Li- brarianship (s) ; Library administration; Li- brary economy (s) ; Professions 217 Library training see Library schools and training Librettos see Opera — Librettos I,icense system see Liquor laws; Liquor traffic Lichens See also Cryptogams Liens See also Attachment; Mortgages Lies see Lying Life [for use when neither Biology nor Conduct of life is applicable] See also Animism; Biology; Christian life and character; Conduct of life; Death; Ethics; Future life; Hygiene; Longevity; Man; Philosophy; Spiritual life; Standard of living; Vital statistics; Vitalism Origin See also Biology; Spontaneous genera- tion Life-boats see Lifeboats Life in other worlds see Plurality of worlds Life insurance see Insurance, Life Life-saving See also Accidents; Beacons; Drowning; Firemen; Fires; First aid in illness and in- jury; Lifeboats; Lighthouses; Lightning conductors; Safety devices; Shipwrecks Lifeboats Lifts see Elevators; Hoisting machinery Light See also Aberration; Absorption of light; Color;. Color blindness; Diffraction; Ether (of space); Eye; Heliotropism ; Interference (light); Lighting; Magneto-optics; N rays; Optical illusions; Optical instruments; Per- spective ; Phosphorescence ; Photochemistry ; Photography; Photometry; Phototherapy; Physics; Polarization (light); Radiation; Radioactivity; Rainbow; Reflection (light); Refraction; Sight; Spectra; Spectrum anal- ysis; Sun; X rays; Zodiacal light Light cure see Phototherapy Light operas see Operettas Lighthouses See also Beacons Lighting See also Acetylene; Candles; Car heating, lighting and ventilation; Electric lighting; Gas; Gas lighting; Incandescent gas-light- ing; Lamps; Lighthouses; Petroleum; Photometry; also names of cities, subhead Lighting Lightning .S'(-(' also Atmospheric electricity; Electric- ity; Lightning conductors; Thunderstorms Lightning conductors Lightning rods see Lightning conductors Lignite See also Briquets; Coal Refer from Cryptogams; Mosses Refer from Attachment; Assignments; Bail- ments; Commercial law; Incumbrances (s) ; Law; Mechanics' liens (s) ; Property; Real estate Refer fro7n Conduct of life; Ethics; Man; Metaphysics ; Philosophy Refer from Biology; Evolution; Origin of life (s) Refer from Accidents; Drowning; Ship- wrecks Refer from Boats and boating; Life-boats (s) ; Life-saving; Navigation; Shipwrecks Refer from Aberration; Absorption of light; Color; Diffraction; Eye; Interference (light); Optics (s) ; Photometry; Physics; Radiation; Reflection (light); Refraction; Senses and sensation; Spectra; Vibration; Waves Refer from Beacons; Civil engineering; Hydraulic engineering; Life-saving; Light- ing; Navigation Refer from Illumination (s) ; Light; Munici- pal improvement; Street lighting (s) Refer from Accidents; Atmospheric electric- ity ; Electricity ; Meteorology ; Thunderstorms Refer from Electric conductors; Life-saving; Lightning; Lightning rods (s) ; Safely devices Refer from Coal; l'"uel 2l8 Lilies See also Floriculture Lily see Lilies Lime See also Cement Limericks .S';-;- also Nonsense verse Limestone See also Building stones; Chalk; ^L'lrble Limitations (law) See also Possession (in law) Limnobiology see Fresh-water life Linen See also Fibers; Flax; Hemp; Textile industry and fabrics Linguistics see Language Link motion See also Mechanical movements; Valves and valve gears Linoleum Linotype see Typesetting machines Lions See also Carnivora Lip reading See also Deaf and dumb Liquefaction of gases See also Chemistry, Physical; Liquid air Liqueurs see Liquors Liquid air See also Chemistry, Physical; Liquefaction of gases Liquid fuel See also Alcohol, Denatured ; Gas and oil engines; Gasoline; Petroleum Liquids See also Boiling points; Capillarity; Fluids; Hydraulics; Hydrodynamics; Hy- drostatics; Jets; Liquid air; Liquid fuel; Soap bubbles; Solution (chemistry); Splashes ; Viscosity Liquor habit see Alcoholism; Liquor problem Liquor laws See also Dispensary system; Gothenburg system; Internal revenue laws; Liquor traffic; Local option; Prohibition Liquor problem See also Alcoholism ; Canteens (army) ; Liquor laws; Liquor traffic; Local option; Prohibition; Temperance Liquor traffic See also Brewing; Canteens (army); Dispensary system; Gothenburg system; Liquor laws; Liquor problem; Local op- tion; Prohibition; Temperance Liquors See also Adulterations; Alcohol; Ale; Beer; Beverages; Brandy; Brewing; Dis- tillation; Fermentation; Kumiss; Temper- ance ; Wine Refer from Floriculture; Flowers; Lily (s) Refer from Cement; Fertilizers and manures Refer from Humor; Nonsense verse Refer from Building stones; Chalk; Rocks Refer from Actions at law; Debt; Law; Possession (in law); Statute of limitations (s) Refer from Fibers; Flax; Hemp; Textile Industry and fabrics Refer from Mechanical movements; Steam engines; Valves and valve gears Refer from Carpets; Floors; IManufac.ures Refer from Carnivora; Hunting Refer from Deaf and dumb; Speech Refer from Chemistry, Physical; Gases; Heat; Liquid air; Physics Refer from Air; Air, Liquid (s) ; Chemistry, Physical; Liquefaction of gases; Liquids; Physics; Refrigeration and refrigerating ma- chinery Refer from Fuel; Gas and oil engines; Liquids; Marine engines; Petroleum Refer from Capillarity; Fluids; Mechanics; Physics Refer from High license (s) ; Law; License system (s) ; Liquor problem; Liquor traffic; Local option; Prohibition; Temperance Refer from Alcohol; Alcoholism; Drink question (s) ; Drunkenness (s) ; Inebriates (s) ; Intemperance (s) ; Intoxication (s) ; Liquor habit (s) ; Liquor traffic; Local option; Pro- hibition; Saloons (s) ; Social problems; Tem- perance Refer from Alcohol; High license (s) ; Li- cense system (s) ; Liquor laws ; Liquor problem ; Saloons (s) ; Temperance Refer from Adulterations; Agricultural prod- ucts; Alcohol; Ale; Beer; Beverages ; Brandy ; Brewing; Distillation; Drinks (s) ; Food; Intoxicants (s) ; Liqueurs (s) ; Manufactures; 219 Litanies See also Liturgies Literary blunders see Errors and blunders Literary- Literary collaboration see Collaboration Literary criticism see Critisicm; Literature — History and criticism Literary forgeries and mystifications See also Errors and blunders, Literary; Plagiarism; Shakespeare, William — For- geries Literary frauds see Literary forgeries and mystifications Literary history see Bibliography; Literature — History and criticism Literary men see Authors ; Students Literary property see Copyright Literary societies See also Study clubs Literature See also Allegories; Allusions; Anagrams; Anecdotes; Art in literature; Authors; Authorship; Ballads; Bestiaries; Bible — Literary character; Bibliography; Books; Books and reading; Booksellers and book- selling; Catholic literature; Chapbooks; Children in literature and art; Children's literature; Classicism; Commonplace books; Copyright; Criticism; Dialogues; Drama; Editorials; Emblems; Epigrams; Epitaphs; Errors and blunders, Literary; Essays; Es- thetics; Fables; Fairy tales; Fiction; Folk- lore; Horn books; Humanism; Humor; Hymns; Idealism in literature; Indexes; Inscriptions; Journalism; Language; Le- gends; Letters; Libraries; Literary forgeries and mystifications; Manuscripts; Maxims; Mottoes; Naturalism in literature; Nature in literature; Newspapers; Orations; Paro- dies; Periodicals; Plagiarism; Plots (drama, novel, etc.); Poetry; Printing; Prose; Prov- erbs; Publishers and publishing; Quota- tions; Readers; Realism in literature; Reci- tations and readings; Religious literature; Renaissance; Rhetoric; Riddles; Romances; Romanticism; Sacred books; Sagas; Satire; Sermons; Short stories; Symbolism in litera- ture; Tracts; Translation; Women in litera- ture and art; also names of literatures and groups of literatures, e.g. American literature ; Celtic literature ; Classical literature ; English literature; European literature; Oriental literature ; Romance literature ; Scandinavian literature; Slavic literature Collections See also Recitations and readings History and criticism See also Book reviews; Criticism Spirituous liquors(s) ; Stimulants ; Temperance ; W'ine Refer from Liturgies; Prayers; Worship Refer from Errors and blunders, Literary; Forgeries (s) ; Forgery; Frauds, Literary (s) ; Imposture; Literary frauds (s) ; Literature; Plagiarism Refer from Societies; Study clubs Refer from Authors; Belles-lettres (s) ; Bibliography; Books; Books and reading; Drama; European literature; Language; Poet- ry ; Prose Immoral AIcdie\al Middle ages — Literature Refer from Recitations and readings Refer from Appraisal of books (s) ; Book reviews; Books — Appraisal (s) ; Criticism; Evaluation of literature (s) ; Literary criti- cism (s) ; Literary history (s) Refer from Ethics; Immoral literature (s) Literature — Continued Study and teaching Lithography See also Chromolithography ; Engraving; Photolithography; Zincography Lithology see Pv.ocks Lithozincography see Zincography Littoral rights see Riparian rights Liturgies See also Brev^iaries; Church services; Hymns; Litanies; IVIass; Missals; Prayer books; Prayers; I^esponslve worship; Rites and ceremonies; Ritualism; Worship; also names of churches, e.g. Catholic church — Liturgy and ritual, Church of England — Liturgy and ritual Live stock See also Barns and stables; Breeding; Cattle; Cowboys; Cows; Domestic animals; Feeding and feeding stuifs ; Grazing; Horse; Insurance, Casualty; Oxen; Poultry; Sheep; Swine; Veterinary medicine Transportation, see Animals — Transpor- tation Liver See also Digestive system; Glands Refer from Art; Chromolithography; En- graving Refer from Breviaries; Church ceremo- nies (s) ; Church music; Church services; De- votional exercises'; Litanies; Missals; Prayer books; Prayers; Religious services (s) ; Re- sponsive worship; Rites and ceremonies; Ritual (s) ; Service-books (s) ; Worship Refer from Agriculture; Animal industry (s) ; Breeding; Cattle; Domestic animals; Farm animals (s) ; Feeding and feeding stuffs; Horse; Oxen; Sheep; Stock breeding (s) ; Stock farm- ing (s) ; Stock raising (s) ; Swine Refer from Abdomen; Digestive system; Glands ; Viscera Livery Lives see Biography; also names of individuals and classes of persons Living, Cost of, see Cost of living Living, Standard of, see Standard of living Living expenses see Cost of living Loadstone see Lodestone Loan associations see Building and loan asso- ciations Loans See also Debt; Finance; Interest; In- vestments ; Alortgages ; Repudiation ; Se- curities Lobbying See also Political corruption Local government See also Boroughs; Cities; Coroners; County officers; Gilds; Home rule; Munici- pal government; Town meeting; Town offi- cers; Towns; Village communities; Villages Local option See also Liquor laws; Liquor problem; Prohibition Lockjaw see Tetanus Lockouts see Strikes and lockouts Locks (canals) see Canals — Locks Locks and keys Locomotion ^6'^ also Aeronautics; Animal locomotion; Automobiles; Boats and boating; Carriages; Coaches and coaching; Cycling; Driving; Flight; Horsemanship; Navigation; Row- ing; Running; Sailing; Skating; Transpor- tation; Travel; Walking Refer from Costume; Gilds; Servants; Uniforms Refer from Commerce; Credit; Debt; Debts, Public; Finance; Investments Refer from Legislation; Political corruption; Politics Refer frot7i Boroughs; County officers; Government; Municipal government; Self- government (s) ; State governments; Town meeting; Towns; Village communities; Vil- lages Refer from County option (s) ; Liquor laws; Liquor problem; Liquor traffic; Prohibition; Temperance Refer from Hardware; Keys (s) Refer from Motion Locomotives See also Electric locomotives; Railroads: Steam engines; Traction engines Locusts See also Cicadas; Orthoptera Lodestone Lodging houses See also Hotels Log cabins Logarithms See also I'^unctions; Mathematics — Ta- bles, etc.; Slide rule; Surveying; Trigonom- etry Logging see Lumber and lumbering Logic See also Analogy; Certainty; Debating; Evidence; Fallacies; Probabilities; Reason Lollards Longevity See also Old age; Vital statistics Longitude see Latitude and longitude Looking-glasses see Mirrors Looms. See also Weaving Lord chancellors see Chancellors, Lord Lord's prayer See also Bible — New Testament — Mat- thew ; Bible — New Testament — Luke Lord's supper See also Church membership; Close com- munion; Jesus Christ; Mass; Passover; Sacraments; Transubstantiation Lost tribes of Israel see Jews — Lost tribes Lotteries See also Probabilities Lotus Louisiana purchase .SV(' also Lewis and Clark expedition ; Mississippi Valley; U. S. — History — 1783- 1812 Louvre See also Paris — Galleries and museums Lev 3 See also Charity; Courtship; Friendship; Jealousy; Love poetry; Marriage; Mothers Refer from Engines; Machinery; Mechani- cal engineering; Motors; Railroads; Railroads — Equipment and supplies; Railroads — Rolling stock; Steam engines Refer from Grasshoppers (s) ; Insects, In- jurious and beneficial; Orthoptera Refer from Iron ores; Loadstone (s) ; Mag- netism; Magnetite (s) Refer from Apartment houses; Hotels; Housing problem; Tenement houses Refer fro?n Architecture, Domestic; Cabins, Log (s) ; Cottages Refer from Algebra ; Mathematics — Tables, etc.; Surveying; Tables, Mathematical (s) ; Trigonometry Refer from Argument (s) ; Debating; Dia- lectics (s) ; Evidence; Fallacies; Induction (logic) (s) ; Intellect; Philosophy; Probabili- ties; Proof (s) ; Psychology; Reason; Reason- ing (s) ; Science; Syllogisms (s) ; Thought and thinking Refer from England — Religious history; Sects Refer from Age; Aged (s) ; Biology; Cen- tenarians (s) ; Hygiene; Life; Man; Old age; Pathology; Physiology Refer from Machinery; Textile factories; Weaving Refer from Bible; Bible — New Testament — Matthew; Bible — New Testament — Luke; Devotional exercises; Prayer; Prayers Refer from Altars; Christian antiquities; Church membership; Church polity; Close communion; Communion (s) ; Confirmation; Devotional exercises; Eucharist (s) ; Jesus Christ; Mass; Passover; Real presence (s) ; Sacraments; Theology; Transubstantiation Refer from Crime and criminals; Ethics; Gambling Refer from Egypt — Religion; Flowers Refer from U. S. — Annexations; U. S. — History — 1783-1812 Refer from Art — Galleries and museums; Palaces; Paris — Galleries and museums Refer from Affection (s) ; Charity; Court- ship; Emotions; Ethics; Friendship ; Jealousy ; Marriage; Women Lo\'e, Courts of, see Courts of lo\'e Love poetry Low German language See also Dutch language; Flemish lan- guage; Germanic languages; Old Saxon language Lower Silurian period see Geology, Stratigraph- ic — Ordovician Loyalists, American See also U. S. — History — Revolution Loyalty See also Patriotism Lubricants see Lubrication and lubricants Lubrication and lubricants See also Bearings (machinery); Friction; Oils and fats Lucerne (plant) see Alfalfa Luck see Chance; Fate and fatalism; Success Luddites See also Machinery in industry Luggage see Baggage Lullabies Lumber and lumbering See also Forests and forestry; Sawmills; Timber; Woodworking machinery Lumbering see Lumber and lumbering Luminiferous ether see Ether (of space) Lunacy see Insanity Lunar eclipses see Eclipses Lunar theory see Moon Lunatic asylums see Insane hospitals Luncheons See also Cookery; Menus; Sandwiches; School lunches Lungs See also Auscultation; Breathing; Cough; Pneumonia; Respiratory organs; Tuberculo- sis Lutheran church See also Germany — Religious history; Reformation — Germany Luxations see Dislocations Luxury See also Consumption (economics) ; Leisure class; Standard of living; Sumptuary laws; Wealth Lycanthropy see Werwolves Lyceums See also Lectures and lecturing Lying See also Equivocation; Truth Ljmch law See also Vigilance committees Refer from Love; Poetry; Poetry of love (s) Refer from German language — Dialects; Germanic languages; Old Saxon language; Plattdeutsch (s) Refer from American loyalists (s) ; Biography ; Tories, American (s) ; United empire loyal- ists (s) ; U. S. — Biography; U. S. — History — ReV'olution Refer from Conduct of life; Ethics; Fidel- ity (s) ; Patriotism Refer from Bearings (machinery); Friction; Grease (s) ; Lubricants (s) ; Machinery; Mechanical engineering; Oils and fats Refer from Labor and laboring classes — ■ England; Machinery in industry Refer from Cradle songs (s) ; Folk songs; Slumber songs (s) ; Songs Refer from Clearing of land ; Forest products ; Forests and forestry; Logging (s) ; Lumber- ing (s) ; Timber; Trees; Wood Refer from Cookery; Eating; Entertaining; Home economics; Meals (s) ; Menus; Table Refer from Breathing; Chest; Pneumonia; Respiratory organs; Tuberculosis Refer from Evangelical Lutheran church (s) ; Germany — Religious history; Reformation — Germany; Sects Refer from Economics; Leisure class; Stand- ard of living; Wealth Refer from Education; Lectures and lectur- ing Refer from Equivocation; Ethics; False- hood (s) ; Lies (s) ; Truth Refer from Capital punishment; Crime and criminals; Crowds; Law; Lynching (s) ; Mobs (s) ; Riots; Vigilance committees 223 Lynching see L}Tich law Lyric poetry See also Ballads; Hymns; Minnesingers: Odes; Songs; Sonnets ^Llcadamized roads see Roads, Macadamized Macaronic verse Machine design See also Bearings (machinery); Belting; Bolts and nuts; Cams; Chains; Drafting room practice; Gearing; Machine shop practice; IVIachinery; Alechanical drawing; Mechanical movements; Screws ALachine guns see Guns Machine shop management iSif^ also Machine shop practice; Scientific management Machine shop practice See also Drafting room practice; Drilling (perforating); Dynamos; Engines; Forging; Foundry work; Grinding and polishing; Lathes; Machine design; Machine shop management; Machine tools; Machinery; Mechanical engineering; Pattern making; Planing machines ;Sheet-metal work ;Welding Machine shops See also Machine shop management; Machine shop practice Machine tools See also Abrasives ; Drilling (perforating) ; Electric driving; Grinding and polishing; Lathes; Machine shop practice; Milling machines; Planing machines; Punching machinery; Screw machines; Tool steel Machinery See also Bearings (machinery); Belting; Calculating machines; Conveying ma- chinery; Cranes, derricks, etc.; Cranks (ma- chinery); Electric engineering; Electric machinery; Engineering; Engines; Excavat- ing machinery; Fans, Mechanical; Farm implements and machinery; Friction; Gear- ing; Hoisting machinery; Hydraulic en- gineering; Hydraulic machinery; Inven- tions; Kinematics; Lathes; Locomotives; Looms; Lubrication and lubricants; Ma- chine design; Machine shop practice; Ma- chine tools; Machinery in industry; Manu- factures; Mechanical engineering; Mechani- cal movements; Mechanics; Milling ma- chines ; Mills and millwork; Mining machin- ery ; Motors ; Patents ; Pattern making ; Plan- ing machines; Power transmission; Printing presses; Pulleys; Pumps; l^cfrigeration and refrigerating machinery; Screw machines; Screws; Sewing machines; Shafting; Steam engines ; Tabulating machines ; Timekeepers ; Tools; Typesetting machines; Valves and valve gears; \\'ater wheels; Wheels; Wind- mills; Woodworking machinery Machinery in industry See also Luddites Refer from Ballads; Odes; Poetry; Songs; Sonnets Refer from Humor; Poetry Refer from Bearings (machinery); Belting; Bolts and nuts; Cams; Chains; Design, Machine (s) ; Drafting room practice ; Gearing ; Machine shop practice; Machinery; Mechani- cal drawing; Mechanical engineering; Mechani- cal movements; Mechanics, Applied; Screws Refer from Machine shop practice; Machine shops ; Management of factories, shops, etc. (s) ; Scientific management; Shop management (s) ; Works management (s) Refer from Drilling (perforating) ; Grinding and polishing; Industrial arts; Lathes; Ma- chine design; IVIachine shop management; Machine shops; Alachine tools; Machinery; IMechanical engineering; Shop practice (sj Refer from Architecture; Shops (s) Refer from Lathes; Alachine shop practice; Machinery; Mechanical engineering; Milling machines; Planing machines; Screw machines; Tools Refer from Engineering; Industrial arts; Instruments; Machine design; Machine shop practice; Alachines (s) ; Manual training; Manufactures; Mechanical engineering; Me- chanical movements; Alechanics; Mechan- ism (s) ; Mills and millwork; Alotors ; Power; Power transmission; Tools; Wheels Refer from Industry; Labor and laboring classes; Labor and machinery (s) ; Luddites; Machinery; Manufactures 224 Machines see Machinery- Madness see Insanity Madonna see Mary, Virgin; Madonnas Madonnas See also Christian art and symbolism Maffia see Mafia Mafia See also Camorra; Sicily Magazines see Periodicals Magi Magic See also Conjuring; sciences; Witchcraft Evil Occult Magic lantern see Stereopticon Magic squares Magistrates See also Judges; Justices of the peace; Kings and rulers; Monarchy Magna charta Magnetic needle see Compass Magnetic observations see Magnetism, Ter- restrial — Observations Magnetic separation of ores Magnetic surveys see Magnetism, Terrestrial — Observations Magnetic variations see Magnetism, Ter- restrial Magnetism See also Animal magnetism; Compass; Diamagnetism ; Electricity ; Electromagnets ; Lodestone; Alagnetic separation of ores; Alagneto-optics ; Physics Terrestrial See also Auroras; Compass -Observations Magnetite see Lodestone Magneto-optics See also Electrons; Polarization (light) Magyar language see Hungarian language Magyar literature see Hungarian literature Alahommedanism see Mohammedanism Mahrattas See also Etlinology — India Mail see Postal scr\ice Mail order business See also Advertising Maize see Corn Majolica See also Pottery Refer from Art ; Christian art and sj-mbolism ; Jesus Christ in art; Aladonna (s) ; Mary, Virgin; Mary, Virgin, in art (s) ; Paintings; Virgin Mary in art (s) Refer from Camorra; Crime and criminals; Maffia (s) ; Secret societies; Sicily Refer from Christmas; Jesus Christ Wise men of the East (s) Birtl Refer from Conjuring; Demonology; Il- lusions and hallucinations; Necromancy (s) ; Occult sciences; Superstition; Witchcraft Refer from Mathematical recreations; Num- bers; Squares, Alagic (s) Refer from Government; Judges; Law; Lawyers Refer from Charters; England — Constitu- tion ; England — History — Plantagenets Refer from Electrometallurgy; Magnetism; Metallurgy; Ore treatment Refer from Diamagnetism; Electricity; Para- magnetism (s) ; Physics Refer from Auroras; Compass; Earth; Magnetic variations (s) ; Physical geography ; Terrestrial magnetism (s) Refer from Magnetic observations (s) ; Magnetic surveys (s) ; Observations, Mag- netic (s) Refer froi tion (light) Light; Magnetism; Polariza- Refer from Ethnology — India ; India ; Mara- thas (s) Refer from Advertising; partment stores Refer from Pottery Bus De- 225 Make-up, Theatrical See also Acting; Cosmetics Making-up, Theatrical, see Make-up, Theatrical Malacology see Mollusks Malaria See also Mosquitoes Malarial lexer see Malaria Malays See also Head-hunters Malpractice Malt See also Beer; Brewing Malta, Knights of Malthusianism See also Population Mammals See also Carnivora ; Cetacea ; Fur-bearing animals ; Insectivora ; Marsupialia ;Primates ; Quadrupeds; Rodents; Ungulata ; Verte- brates; Zoology; also names of mammals, e.g. Bats, Elephants, Seals (animals) Mammoths €ee also Paleontology Man See also Anatomy; Anthropogeography ; Anthropology; Anthropometry; Archaeol- ogy; Cannibalism; Civilization; Color of man; Creation; Dwarfs; Environment; Ethics; Ethnology; Eugenics; Evolution; Family; Folklore; Future life; Giants; Heredity ; Flistory ; Hygiene ; Life ; Longevity; Manners and customs; Men; Monsters; Paleontology; Phrenology; Physiognomy; Physiology; Psychology; Race problems; Religion; Savages; Sex; Sociology; Soul; Vital statistics; Women; also names of races Antiquity, j-z-c Man — Origin and antiquity Natural history, see Anthropology Origin and antiquity See also Anatomy, Comparative; Ar- chaeology; Cave dwellers; Creation; Evolu- tion; Geology; Glacial period; Industries, Primitive; Lake dwellers and lake dwellings; Missing link; Stone age Man with the iron mask see Iron Mask Management of children see Children — Management Management of factories, shops, etc., see Factory management ; Machine shop manage- ment; Scientific management Refer from Acting; Actors; Amateur theatri- cals; Cosmetics; Making-up, Theatrical (s) ; Stage make-up (s) ; Theater; Theatrical make-up (s) Refer from Ague (s) ; Chills and fever (s) ; Fever; Hygiene, Public; Malarial fever (s) ; Mosquitoes; Pathology Refer from Ethnology Refer from Medical jurisprudence; Medicine — Practice Refer from Ale; Beer; Brewing; Enzymes Refer from Chivalry; Hospitallers (s) ; Knights and knighthood; Knights hospital- lers (s) ; Knights of Malta (s) ; Knights of Rhodes (s) ; Knights of St. John of Jerusa- lem (s); Order of Malta (s) ; Order of St. John of Jerusalem (s) ; Religious orders; St. John of Jerusalem, Order of (s) ; Secret societies Refer from Population Refer from Bats; Carnivora; Cetacea; Elephants; Insectivora; Marsupialia; Pri- mates; Quadrupeds; Rodents; Ungulata; Vertebrates; Zoology Refer from Elephants; Paleontology Refer from Anthropology; Civilization; Ethnology; History; Human race (s) ; Life; Men; Natural history; Philosophy; Physiol- ogy; Primates; Sociology; Zoology Refer from Anatomy, Comparative; Antiq- uity of man (s) ; Archaeology; Creation; Evolution; Geology; Glacial period; Man — Antiquity (s) ; Origin of man (s) ; Prcadam- Ites (s) ; Prehistoric man (s) ; Primitive man (s) ; Stone age 226 Mandamus Maneu\ers, Military, see Military maneuvers Manganese iiee also Metals Mania see Insanity Manicheism See also Philosophy, Persian Manicuring Manly exercise see Gymnastics; Physical edu- cation ; Sports Manners see Courtesy; Etiquet Manners and customs See also Amusements; April fools' day; Archaeology; Bohemianism; Burial; Can- nibalism; Caste; Costume; Drinking cus- toms; Dueling; Eating; Ethnology; Eti- quet ; Folklore ; Funeral rites and ceremonies ; Halloween; Holidays; Kissing; Alarriage customs and rites; Mourning customs; National characteristics; Ordeals; Punish- ment; Rites and ceremonies; Salutations; Slang ; Society ; Tattooing ; Tipping ; Toasts ; Valentine's day; Vendetta; also names of countries and cities, subhead Social life and customs Manoeuvres, Military, see Military maneuvers Manors See also Feudalism Mantels See also Fireplaces Manual training See also Arts and crafts; Basketwork; Busy work; Cardboard construction; Car- pentry; Drawing; Handicraft; Industrial education; Machinery; Modeling; Needle- work; Paper work; Technical education; Trade schools; Weaving; Wood carving; Woodwork Manufacturers Manufactures See also Automobiles; Beverages; Boots and shoes; Box making; Buttons; Cables; Candles ; Carriages ; Cars; Chains; Chemis- try, Technical ;Clocks and watches ; Clothing ; Commerce; Confectionery; Cooperage; Cost accounting; Cutlery; Explosives; Factories; Factory system ; Flour and flour mills ; Fuel ; Furniture; Gas; Glass manufacture; Hard- ware; Harness; Hats; Industrial arts; Iron industry; Labor and laboring classes; Lace; Leather; Linoleum; Liquors; Machinery; Machinery in industry; Alanufacturers ; Matches; Metal work; Alctals; Mills and millwork; Paper; Patents; Pens; Perfum- ery; Pins and needles; Pottery; Prices; Receipts; Rope; Rubber; Scientific manage- ment; Soap; Stationery; Steel industry; Sweating system; Technology; Textile in- dustry and fabrics; Timekeepers; Tobacco — Manufacture and trade; Trade-marks; Tubes; Waste products; also names of countries and states, subhead Industries and resources, and names of cities, subhead Industries Refer from Law Refer from Metals Refer from Dualism ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, Persian; Theology Refer from Hand; Toilet Refer from Anthropology; Archaeology; Ceremonies (s) ; Civilization; Customs (s) ; Ethics; Ethnology; Etiquet; Folklore; Man; Rites and ceremonies ; Social life and cus- toms (s) ; Sociology; Usages (s) Refer fro ? ages Feudalism; Land tenure; Middle Refer from Fireplaces; House decoration Refer from Arts and crafts; Education; Handicraft; Industrial arts; Industrial edu- cation; Slojd (s) ; Sloyd (s) ; Technical educa- tion ; Woodwork Refer from Biography; Manufactures Refer from Business ; Commerce ; Commercial geography; Commercial products; Economics; Industrial arts; Machinery; Mills and mill- work; Technology; Useful arts (s) 227 Manures see Fertilizers and manures Manuscripts S'(V also Archives; Charters; Illumination Refer from Archives; Autographs; Bibliog- of manuscripts and books; Inscriptions; raphy; Books; History — Sources; Inscrip- Paleography; Parchment ; Writing tions ; Literature; Paleography; Papyri (s) ; Writing Maoris See also Ethnology — New Zealand; New Refer froyn Ethnology — New Zealand; New Zealand — History Zealand Map drawing [elementary] SVf a/jo Topographical drawing Refer from Drawing; Geography; Maps; Topographical drawing Maps See also Atlases; Charts; Globes; Map Refer from Atlases; Cartography (s) ; drawing; Road maps; also names of coun- Chartography (s) ; Charts; Geography tries, subhead Description and travel — Maps, and names of cities, subhead Descrip- tion — Maps Marathas see Mahrattas Marble Sfi? a/jo Building stones Refer from Building stones; Limestone; Sculpture ; Stone Marbling Refer from Bookbinding; Painting, Mechani- cal ; Paper Marches (exercise) see Drills and marches Marches (music) Refer from Instrumental music Marconigrams see Wireless telegraphy Marine architecture see Shipbuilding Marine biology See also Algae; Aquatic plants; Dredging; Refer from Aquatic life (s) ; Aquatic plants; Marine zoology ; Plankton Biology; Dredging; Marine life (s) ; Alarine zoology; Ocean; Ocean life (s) ; Plankton; Sea life (s) ; Seashore; Thalassography (s) Marine boilers see Boilers, Marine Marine botany see Algae; Aquatic plants Marine engineering See also Boilers, Marine; Marine engines; Refer from Boilers, Marine; Engineering; Propellers; Shipbuilding; Steam naviga- Engineering, Marine (s) ; Marine engines; tion ; Steam turbines Mechanical engineering; Naval engineer- Marine engines ing (s) ; Steam navigation See also Boilers, Marine; Gas and oil ^<'/^r/rowi Boilers, Alarine ; Engines ; Marine engines; Liquid fuel; Marine engineering; engineering; Shipbuilding; Steam engines; Steam engines; Steam turbines Steam navigation; Steamboats Marine fauna see Alarine zoology Marine flora see Algae; Aquatic plants Marine hospitals see Hospitals, Naval and marine Marine insurance see Insurance, Marine Marine law see Maritime law Marine life see Alarine biology; Seafaring life Marine painting See also Painting Refer from Painting Marine plants see Algae; Aquatic plants Marine sur\ eying see Hydrography Marine zoology See also Aquariums; Brachiopoda; Ce- Refer from Aquatic animals (s) ; Deep-sea tacea ; Coelenterata ; Crustacea; Dredging; fauna (s) ; Dredging; Fish; Marine biology; Echinodermata ; Fish; Fresh-water fauna; Marine fauna (s) ; I.Iollusks; Ocean; Pelagic Marine biology; Mollusks; Ocean; Plank- fauna (s) ; Plankton ; Seashore ; Zoology ton; Polyzoa; Protozoa; Seals (animals); Seashore; Sponges Mariner's compass see Compass Marionettes see Puppet plays Maritime law See also Admiralty; Collisions at sea; ^^/rr /row; Admiralty ; Commerce ; Commer- Contraband of war; Impressment; Insur- cial law; Dominion of the sea (s) ; International 228 ance. Marine; International law; Mutiny; Neutrality; Pirates; Privateering; Prizes (international law); Salvage; Search, Right of; Shipping; Steamboat inspection Maritime power see Sea power Maritime surveying see Hydrography Mark (land) See also Milage communities Market gardening See also Agriculture; Gardening; Green- houses ; Vegetables Marketing Marketing of farm produce See also Agriculture; Farm management Markets See also Slaughtering and slaughter- houses ; also names of cities, subhead Markets Marks (land) see Mark (land) Marks, Artists', see Artists' marks Marks, Goldsmiths', see Hall marks Marks, Printers', see Printers' marks Maroons Marprelate controversy Marquetry see Inlay Marriage See also Adultery; Celibacy; Chastity; Consanguinity ; Courtship ; Divorce ; Domes- tic relations; Eugenics; Family; Husbands; Illegitimacy; Love; Marriage customs and rites; Marriages, International; Polyandry; Polygamy; Sex; Sexual ethics; Wedding anniversaries; Weddings; Wives; Women Marriage customs and rites See also Weddings Marriage records see Vital records Marriage statistics see Vital statistics Marriages, International Marsh gas see Fire damp Marshes See also Drainage; Reclamation of land Marsupialia See also Mammals Martial law See also Courts martial; Habeas corpus; Military government; Military law Martial music see Military music Martyrs .S'('(' also Christian biography; Church history; Inquisition; Persecution; Saints law; Law; Marine law (s) ; Navigation laws (s) ; Privateering; Prizes (international law); Sal- vage; Search, Right of; Shipping Refer from Commons; Land tenure; Marks (land) (s) ; Village communities Refer from Agriculture; Farm management; Gardening; Greenhouses; Truck farming (s) ; Vegetable gardening (s) ; Vegetables Refer from Food; Home economics Refer from Agricultural products; Agricul- ture; Commerce; Farm management; Farm products (s) ; Prices; Transportation Refer from Business; Cities; Commerce; Food Refer from Dutch Guiana; Fugitive slaves ; Jamaica ; Negroes Refer from Church of England — Doctrinal and controversial works; England — Re- ligious history; Puritans Refer from Christian antiquities; Church law; Consanguinity; Courtship; Divorce; Domestic relations ; Ethics ; Eugenics ; Family ; Home; Husband and wife (s) ; Husbands; Law; Love; Matrimony (s) ; Polygamy; Rites and ceremonies; Sacraments; Sex; Sexual ethics; Social problems; Sociology; Weddings; Wives ; Women ; Women — Law Refer from Bridal customs (s) ; Manners and customs; Marriage; Rites and ceremonies; Weddings Refer from International marriages (s) ; Marriage Refer from Bogs (s) ; Drainage; Fens (s) ; Morasses (s) ; Reclamation of land ; Swamps (s) Refer from ^/lammals; Pouched animals (s) ; Zoology — Australia Refer from Habeas corpus; Law; Military art and science; Military government; Mili- tary law ; War Refer from Christian biography; Church history; Heresy; Heroes; Inquisition; Per- secution ; Saints 229 Mary, Virgin See also Immaculate conception; Jesus Christ; Madonnas Legends Mary, \'irgin, in art, see Madonnas Masks (for the face) Masks (plays) see ^Iasques (plays) Mason and Dixon's line Masonry See also Arches; Bricklaying; Bricks; Bridges ; Building ; Building stones ; Cement ; Concrete; Dams; Foundations; Plaster and plastering; Stereotomy; Stone; Stonecut- ting; Strength of materials; Vaulting; Walls Masons (secret order) see Freemasons Masquerades See also Balls (parties) ; Costume Masques (plays) Mass See also Catholic church — Liturgy and ritual; Lord's supper; Masses (music); Missals; Transubstantiation Massacres See also names of massacres, e.g. Boston massacre; St. Bartholomew's day, Massacre of; Sicilian vespers; Wyoming massacre Massage See also Mechanotherapy; Swedish move- ment cure Masses (music) Master and servant See also Apprentices ; Domestic relations ; Employers' liability; Servants Mastersingers see Meistersingers Matches Materia medica See also Dispensatories; Drugs, and names of drugs; Medical botany; Medicines, Pro- prietary ; Pharmacy ; Pharmacopoeias ; Thera- peutics Materialism See also Animism; Encyclopedists; Epi- cureans; Evolution; Philosophy; Rational- ism ; Soul ; Stoics Materials, Strength of, see Strength of mate- rials Maternity see Mothers Mathematical drawing see Geometrical draw- ing; Mechanical drawing Mathematical geography see Geography, Mathematical Mathematical instruments See also Calculating machines; Drawing instruments; Measuring instruments; Pla- nimeter; Slide rule; Surveying instruments Mathematical notation see Notation (mathe- matics) Mathematical recreations See also IVIagic squares Refer from Catholic church; Immaculate conception; Jesus Christ; Madonna (s) ; Miracles; Virgin Mary (s) Refer from Legends Refer from Costume Refer from Maryland — Boundaries; Penn- sylvania — Boundaries; Slavery in the U. S. Refer from Architecture; Bricklaying; Bricks; Bridges; Building; Building stones; Civil engineering; Concrete; Dams; Engineer- ing; Foundations; Industrial arts; Stone; Strength of materials; Walls Refer from Amusements; Balls (parties) R''fer from Drama; Masks (plays) (s) ; Theater Refer from Altars; Catholic church; Catholic church — Liturgy and ritual; Eucharist (s) ; Liturgies; Lord's supper; Missals; Rites and ceremonies; Theology; Transubstantiation Refer from Battles; History; Persecution Refer from Mechanotherapy ; Therapeutics Refer from Church music; Miss; Music Refer from Contracts; Domestic relations; Employers' liability; Law; Servants Refer from Chemistry, Technical; Manu- factures Refer from Dispensatories; Drugs; Medical botany; Medicine; Medicines (s) ; Pharmacy; Pharmacopoeias; Remedies (in medicine) (s) ; Therapeutics Refer from- Animism; .Atheism; Matter; Naturalism; Philosophy; Skepticism; The- ology Refer from Arithmetic; Arithmetical in- struments (s) ; Instruments; Mathematics Refer from Amusements; Mathematics: Scientific recreations 230 Mathematical tables see Mathematics — Tables, etc. Mathematicians Mathematics See also Algebra; Arithmetic; Astronomy; Axioms; Calculating machines; Calculus; Conic sections; Engineering; Equations; Errors, Theory of; Fourth dimension; Geodesy; Geography, Mathematical; Ge- ometry; Groups, Theory of; Least squares; Mathematical instruments; Mathematical recreations; Mathematicians; Alechanics; Mensuration; Metric system; Navigation; Notation (mathematics); Numbers; Nu- merals ; Physics ; Probabilities ; Quaternions ; Ready-reckoners; Surveying; Trigonometry Tables, etc. See also Interest tables; Logarithms; Traverse tables Matriarchy Matrimony see Marriage Matter See also Atomic theory; Atoms; Capil- larity; Compressibility; Dissociation; Dy- namics; Elasticity; Electrons; Ether (of space); Force and energy; Gravitation; Hardness; Ions; Materialism; Molecules; Physics; Radioactivity; Solids; Specific gravity; Viscosity Mausoleums see Tombs Maxims See also Epigrams; Proverbs; Quotations May day Mayas See also Central America — Antiquities ; Guatemala; Indians of Central America; Indians of Mexico; Mexico — -Antiquities; Yucatan Meadows see Pastures and meadows Meals see Breakfasts; Dinners and dining; Eating; Food; Luncheons; Table Measles Measures see Mensuration; Weights and measures Measuring instruments See also Micrometer; Slide rule; Square (instrument) Meat See also Animal food; Beef; Carving (meat, etc.); Cold storage; Cookery — Meat; Meat inspection; Packing industry; Slaughtering and slaughterhouses Meat inspection See also Food adulteration and inspection; Slaughtering and slaughterhouses Mechanic arts see Industrial arts Mechanical draft See also Blowing engines; Combustion; Fans, Alechanical ; Smoke Refer from Mathematics; Scientists Refer from Algebra; Arithmetic; Conic sections; Geometry; Science; Trigonometry Refer from Calculation — Aids (s) ; Loga- rithms; Mathematical tables (s) ; Ready- reckoners; Tables, Mathematical (s) Refer from Family; Government; Mothers; Women Refer from Atoms; Compressibility; Dynam- ics; Gravitation; Mechanics; Metaphysics; Philosophy; Physics; V^iscosity Refer from Adages (s) ; Aphorisms (s) ; Apothegms (s) ; Epigrams; Laconics (s) ; Lit- erature; Proverbs; Quotations; Sayings (s) Refer from Days; Festivals Refer from Central America — Antiquities ; Guatemala; Indians of Central America; Indians of Mexico; Mexico — Antiquities; Yucatan Refer from Children — Diseases; Contagion and contagious diseases; Medicine — Practice Refer from Mathematical instruments; Weights and measures Refer from Animal food; Animal products: Beef; Food; Packing industry; Slaughtering and slaughterhouses Refer from Food adulteration and inspec- tion; Hygiene, Public; Inspection of meat (s) ; Meat; Packing industry; Slaughtering and slaughterhouses Refer from Combustion; Draft, Mechani- cal (s) ; Draught, Mechanical (s) ; Fans, Me- 231 Mechanical drawing See also Architectural drawing; Drafting room practice; Drawing instruments; Geo- metrical drawing ; Graphic statics ; Graphics ; Lettering ; Machine design ; Pattern making ; Perspective; Projection Mechanical engineering See also Boilers; Electric engineering; Engineering; Engines; Friction; Fuel; Hy- draulic engineering; Locomotives; Lubri- cation and lubricants ; Machine design ; Machine shop practice; Machine tools; Machinery; Marine engineering; Mechani- cal draft; Mechanical movements; Mechan- ics; Alechanics, Applied; Power plants; Power transmission; Steam engines Mechanical fans see Fans, Mechanical Mechanical movements See also Cams; Gearing; Kinematics; Link motion; Machine design; Machinery; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Pul- leys Mechanical painting see Painting, Mechanical Mechanics See also Aeronautics; Animal mechanics; Dynamics; Elasticity; Engineering; Fluids; Force and energy; Friction; Gases; Graphic statics; Hydraulics; Hydrodynamics; Hy- drostatics ; Kinematics ; Liquids ; Machinery ; Matter; Mechanical movements; Motion; Motors; Perpetual motion; Physics; Power; Pulleys; Statics; Steam engines; Strength of materials Applied See also Machine design; Mechanical engineering; Power transmission; Strains and stresses Celestial See also Astronomy; Moon; Orbits; Perturbation; Planets Mechanics (persons) Mechanics' institutes Mechanics' liens see Liens Mechanism see Machinery; Mechanical move- ments Mechanotherapy Sre also Gymnastics, Medical ; Massage ; Osteopathy; Swedish movement cure Medals See also Decorations of honor; Numis- matics Mediaeval see Medieval Medical anecdotes see Anecdotes, Medical Medical biography see Physicians and surgeons Medical botany See also Bcjtany, Economic; Dispensato- ries; Materia medica ; Pharmacopoeias; Pharmacy; also names of medicinal plants, e.g. Ginseng chanical; Furnaces; Mechanical engineering; Smoke Refer from Architectural drawing; Drafting, Mechanical (s) ; Drafting room practice; Draughting, Mechanical (s) ; Drawing; Draw- ing instruments; Engineering; Geometrical drawing; Graphic statics; Graphics; Industrial drawing (s) ; Machine design; Mathematical drawing (s) ; Pattern making; Projection Refer from Applied mechanics (s) ; Civil engineering; Engineering; Engineering, Me- chanical (s) ; Engines; Industrial arts; Ma- chine shop practice; Machinery; Mechanical movements; Alechanics, Applied; Power transmission Refer from Gearing; Kinematics; Link mo- tion; Machine design; Machinery; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Mechanism (s) ; Mo- tion Refer Jrom Dynamics; Engineering; Fluids; Force and energy ; Hydraulics ; Hydrodynamics ; Hydrostatics ; Kinematics ; Alachinery ; Mathe- matics ; Alechanical engineering; Mechanical movements; Motion; Physics; Power; Statics ' Refer from Applied mechanics (s) ; Engineer- ing, Mechanical (s) ; Industrial arts; Mechani- cal engineering; Strains and stresses Refer from Astronomy; Celestial mechan- ics (s); Orbits; Perturbation Refer from Biography Refer from Education; Industrial education; Labor and laboring classes; Libraries; Techni- cal education Refer from Gymnastics, Medical; Massage; Movement cure (s) ; Osteopathy; Swedish movement cure; I'herapeutics Refer from Archaeology ; Badges of honor (s) ; Decorations of honor; History; Numismatics Refer from Botany; Botany, Economic; Botany, Medical (s) ; Drugs; Herbs, Medici- nal (s) ; Materia medica ; Medicinal plants (s) ; Pharmacy; Plants, Medicinal (s) ; Poisonous plants Medical charities see Charities, Medical Aledical chemistry see Pharmacy; Physiologi- cal chemistry Medical climatology see Climate; Medical geography Medical colleges See also Medicine — Study and teaching Medical education see Medical colleges ; Medicine — Study and teaching Medical delusions See also Medical folklore; Medicine men; Quacks and quackery Medical directories see Physicians and surgeons Medical electricity see Electrotherapeutics Medical ethics See also Physicians and surgeons Medical folklore See also Aledical delusions Medical geography See also Climate; Tropics — • Diseases and hygiene Medical gymnastics see Gymnastics, Medical Medical inspection of schools See also School hygiene; School nurses Medical jurisprudence See also Autopsy; Chemistry, Legal; Expert evidence ; Identification ; Infanticide ; Insanity; Malpractice; Poisons; Suicide; Survivorship Medical libraries Medical missions see \Iissions, Medical Medical nomenclature see Medicine — Nomen- clature Medical research See also Animal experimentation Medical schools see Aledical colleges Medical societies Medical superstition see Medical folklore Medical terminology see Medicine — Nomen- clature Medicinal plants see Medical botany Medicine i'cc a/jo Accidents ; Allopathy; Anatomy; Anecdotes, Medical; Anesthetics; Anti- septics; Autopsy; Bacteriology; Bible — Medicine, hygiene, etc.; Charities, Medical; Contagion and contagious diseases ; Dentis- try; Diagnosis; First aid in illness and in- jury; Germ theory of disease; Histology; Homeopathy; Hospitals; Hygiene; Hygiene, Public; Indians — Medicine; Inoculation; Invalids; Materia mcdica; Medicine and religion; Medicine men; Microscope and microscopy; Mind and body; Alissions, Medical; Narcotics; Naval hygiene; Nurses and nursing; Pathology; Pharmacy; Physi- Refer from Colleges and universities; Medical schools (s) ; Medical education (s) ; Medicine — Study and teaching Refer from Delusions (s) ; Errors, Popular; Medical folklore; Medicine — History Refer from Ethics ; Ethics, Medical (s) ; Physicians and surgeons; Professional eth- ics (s) Refer from Folklore ; Folklore of medicine (s) ; Medical delusions; Medical superstition (s) Refer from Climate; Geographical pathol- ogy (s) ; Geography; Geography, Medical (s) ; Medical climatology (s) ; Pathology; Tropics — Diseases and hygiene Refer from Ciiildren — Care and hygiene; Hygiene; Hygiene, Public; School children; School hygiene; School nurses; Schools — Medical inspection (s) Refer from Chemistry, Legal; Expert evi- dence; Forensic medicine (s) ; Insanity; Jurisprudence, Medical (s) ; Law; Legal medicine (s) ; Poisons Refer from Libraries; Libraries, Medical (s) Refer from Research; Scientific research Refer from Societies Refer from Homeopathy; Hygiene; Pathol- ogy; Physiology; Professions; Science; Sur- gery; Therapeutics 233 Medicine — Continued cians and surgeons; Physiological chemis- try ; Physiology ; Poisons ; Quacks and quack- ery; Sanatoriums; Stimulants; Surgery; Therapeutics ; Vaccination ; Veterinary medi- cine; also headings beginning Medical Directories, see Physicians and surgeons Eclectic Refer from Eclectic medicine (s) History See also Epidemics; Medical delusions; Medicine, Medieval Medieval See also Elixir of life Refer from Medicine — History Military See also Battlefield relief; First aid in Refer from Battlefield relief; Field hos- illness and injury; Military hygiene; pitals (s) ; Military hygiene; Military medi- Surgery, Military; also names of wars, cine (s) subhead Medical and sanitary affairs Nomenclature Refer from Medical nomenclature (s) ; Medi- cal terminology (s) ; Names ; Nomenclature (s) ; Terminology (s) Practice See also Alcoholism; Apoplexy; Appen- Refer from Clinical medicine (s) ; Diagno- dicltis; Asthma; Black death; Bones — sis; Diseases (s) ; Pathology; Therapeutics; Diseases; Bronchitis; Cancer; Catarrh; Women — Diseases Children — ^ Diseases; Cholera, Asiatic; Cold (disease) ; Contagion and contagious diseases; Croup; Deafness; Diabetes; Diagnosis; Diphtheria; Dyspepsia; Epi- lepsy; Erysipelas; Eye — Diseases and defects; Fever; Gout; Hay fever; Head- ache; Heatstroke; Hookworm disease; Hydrophobia; Hysteria; Idiocy; Influen- za; Insanity; Insomnia; Leprosy; Mal- practice; Measles; Meningitis; Mental diseases ; Nervous system — Diseases ; Neuralgia; Neurasthenia; Nurses and nursing; Obstetrics; Paralysis; Parasites; Pellagra; Plague; Pneumonia; Respira- tory organs — Diseases; Rheumatism; Scarlet fever; Seasickness; Skin — Dis- eases; Sleeping sickness; Smallpox; Som- nambulism; Surgery; Suspended anima- tion; Tetanus; Therapeutics; Tropics — Diseases and hygiene; Tuberculosis; Tumors; Typhoid fever; Typhus fever; Varioloid; Voice; Women — Diseases; Yellow fever Study and teaching 5^1? a/jo Medical colleges Refer from Education, Medical (s) ; Medi- cal colleges; Medical education (s) ; Profes- sional education Tropics, sec Tropics — Diseases and hy- giene Medicine and religion See also Emmanuel movement; Faith Refer from Church and healing (s) ; Em- cure manucl mo\-emcnt ; Medicine; Religion and medicine (s) Medicine men See also Indisins — Medicine Refer from Conjuring; Indians — Medi- cine; Medical delusions; Witchcraft Medicines see Drugs; Materia medica ; Medi- cines, ProjMMctary Medicines, Proprietary Refer from Drugs; Materia medica; Medi- cines (s) ; Patent medicines (s) ; Proprietar_\ medicines (s) ; Quacks and quacker)' 234 Medieval architecture see Architecture, Medi- eval Aledieval art see Art, Medieval Medieval civilization see Civilization, Medieval Aledieval history see Aliddle ages — History Medieval literature see Middle ages — Litera- ture Medieval philosophy see Philosoph}', Medieval Meditations See also De\'otional exercises Mediums see Spritualism Meetings, Public, see Public meetings Meistersingers See also German poetry; Minnesingers Melancholy Melody See also Harmony Melting points Memoirs see Autobiography; Biography; also names of indiv-iduals Memorial day Memory See also Association of ideas; Attention; Mental discipline; Psychology Men See also Bachelors; Gentlemen; Hus- bands; Man; Young men Menageries See also Circus; Vivariums; Zoological gardens Mendelism see Mendel's law Mendel's law See also Hvbridization Mendicity see Begging Mending and repairing Meningitis Mennonites See also Anabaptists Mensuration See also Gaging; Geodesy; Metric system Surveying; Weights and measures Mental aberration see Insanity; Mental diseases Mental arithmetic see Arithmetic Mental association see Association of ideas Mental culture see Mental discipline Mental derangements see Insanity; Mental diseases Refer from Devotional exercises; Reflec- tions (s) Refer from Bards; German poetry; Mas- tersingers (s) ; Alinnesingers ; Minstrels; Poets Refer from Emotions; Mental diseases; Psychology; Temperament Refer from Composition (music); Harmony; Music ; Music — Theory Refer from Chemistry, Physical; Heat; Temperature Refer from Decoration day (s) ; Holidays; U. S. — History — Civil war Refer from Association of ideas; Brain; Education; Intellect; Mental discipline; Mnemonics (s) ; Psychology; Psychology, Educational; Teaching Refer from Man; Young men Refer from Animals; Animals in captiv- ity (s) ; Circus; Vivariums; Zoological gar- dens ; Zoology Refer from Botany; Breeding; Evolution; Heredity; Hybridization; Mendelism (s) ; Plant breeding; Variation (biology); Zoology Refer from Darning (s) ; Needlework; Repairing (s) Refer from Brain; Cerebrospinal menin- gitis (s) ; Medicine — Practice; Spinal menin- gitis (s) ; Spine Refer from Amish Mennonites (s) ; Anabap- tists ; Baptists ; Sects Refer from Arithmetic; Civil engineering; Engineering; Geometry; Mathematics; Meas- ures (s) ; Metrology (s) ; Trigonometry ; Weights and measures 235 Mental discipline See also Attention; Education; Memory; Psychology, Educational; Self-culture Mental diseases See also Aphasia; Brain; Feeble-minded; Hysteria; Idiocy; Illusions and hallucina- tions; Insanity; Melancholy; Mental hy- giene; Nervous system — Diseases; Suicide Mental exhaustion see Fatigue, Mental Mental fatigue see Fatigue, Mental Mental healing See also Animal magnetism; Christian science; Emmanuel movement; Faith cure; Hypnotism; Mental hygiene; Mind and body; New thought; Suggestive therapeutics Mental hygiene See also Fatigue, Mental; Mental dis- eases; Mental healing; Mind and body; New thought; Rest; Worry Mental overwork see Fatigue, Mental Mental pathology see Alental diseases Mental philosophy see Philosophy; Psychology Mental physiology see Brain; Mind and body; Psychology, Physiological Mental science see Psychology Mental suggestion see Hypnotism; Suggestion Mental therapeutics see Alental healing Mental training see Mental discipline Mentally deficient children see Children, Abnormal and backward ; Defectives ; Feeble- minded Menus See also Breakfasts ; Catering ; Dinners and dining; Luncheons; Table Mercantile law see Commercial law Mercantile marine see Shipping Mercenary troops Mercerization Merchandise see Commerce Merchant marine see Shipping Merchants See also Business; Business ethics; Com- merce; Commercial law; Commercial travel- ers ; Peddlers and peddling Mercury See also Amalgams; Metals Refer from Discipline, Mental (s) ; Educa- tion ; Alemory; Mental culture (s) ; Mental training (s) ; Alind training (s) ; Psychology, Educational; Self-culture; Thought and think- ing Refer from Aberration, Mental (s) ; Ab- normal psychology (s) ; Brain; Diseases (s) ; Hysteria; Illusions and hallucinations; In- sanity; Medicine — Practice; Alental aber- ration (s) ; Mental derangements (s) ; Alental hygiene; Alental pathology (s) ; Nervous system — Diseases; Pathological psychol- ogy (s) ; Psychiatry (s) ; Psychology; Psychol- ogy, Pathological (s) ; Psychology, Physiologi- cal ; Psychosis (s) Refer from Absent treatment (s) ; Christian science; Faith cure; Healing, Alental (s) ; Health thoughts (s) ; Hypnotism; Alental hygiene; Alental therapeutics (s) ; Aletaphysi- cal healing (s) ; Alind and body ; Alind cure (s) ; Psychology; Psychotherapy (s) ; Suggestion; Suggestive therapeutics; Therapeutics Refer from Fatigue, Alental; Hygiene; Hygiene, Alental (s) ; Mental diseases ; Alental healing; Alind and body; Psychology; Sug- gestion Refer from Bills of fare (s) ; Breakfasts; Catering; Cookery; Diet; Dinners and dining; Eating; Entertaining; Home economics; Luncheons; Table Refer from Armies ; Military history diers Sol- Refer from Cotton; Textile industry and fabrics Rifer from Biography; Business; Commerce Refer from Amalgamation; Amalgams; Aletals ; Alines and mineral resources; Quick- silver (s) 236 Mercy Mesmerism see Animal magnetism ; Hypnotism Mesozoic era see Geology, Stratigraphic — - Mesozolc; Paleontology — Mesozoic Messiah See also Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ — Messiahship Metabolism See also Absorpiion (physiology) ; Botany — Physiology; Digestion; Nutrition; Physi- ological chemistry; Physiology; Plants — Chemistry and nutrition Metachrosis see Color of animals; Mimicry (biology) Metal coloring See also Bronzing; Coppersmithing; Gild- ing; Goldsmithing; Metal work; Silver- smithing Metal corrosion see Corrosion and anti-cor- rosives Metal protection see Corrosion and anti- corrosives Metal work See also Arts and crafts ; Brasses ; Bronzes ; Coppersmithing; Cutlery; Damaskeening; Dies; Goldsmithing; Hardware; Ironwork; Jewelry; Aletal coloring; Pewter; Plate; Plate-metal work; Plating; Punching machiner)- ; Repousse work; Sheet-metal work; Silversmithing; Solder and soldering; Welding Metallochromy see Metal coloring Metallography See also Alloys; Iron; Steel Metallurgy See also Alloys; Amalgamation; Assay- ing; Blast furnaces; Chemical engineering; Chemistry, Technical; Cyanide process; Electrometallurgy; Furnaces; Magnetic separation of ores; Metals; Ore treatment; Ores; Smelting; also names of metals Metals See also Alchemy; Alloys; Amalgams; Annealing; Assaying ; Blowpipe ; Chemistry, Inorganic; Corrosion and anti-corrosives; Foundry work; Geology, Economic; Hard- ware; Metal work; Metallography; Metal- lurgy; Mineralogy; Mines and mineral resources; Ore deposits; Ores; Pattern mak- ing; Periodic law; Precious metals; Slag; Smelting; Solder and soldering; Strength of materials; Welding; Wire; also names of metals and alloys, e.g. Aluminium; Brass; Bronze; Cobalt; Copper; Iron; Lead; Manganese; Mercury; Nickel; Platinum; Steel ; Tin ; Zinc Mt'tanujrphic rocks see Rocks Metaphor See also Rhetoric Metaphysical healing see Mental licaiing Refer from Ethics Refer from Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ — Messiahship; Jews; Jews — Religion Refer from Absorption (physiology) ; Anab- olism (s) ; Assimilation (s) ; Biology; Botany — Physiology; Catabolism (s) ; Digestion; Katabolism (s) ; Nutrition; Physiological chemistry; Physiology; Plants — Chemistry and nutrition Refer from Bronzing; Coloring of metals (s) ; Coppersmithing; Gilding; Goldsmithing; Iron- work; Metal work; Metallochromy (s) ; Plating; Silversmithing Refer from Architecture; Arts and crafts; Decoration and ornament; Dies; Hardware; Industrial arts; Ironwork; Manufactures; Metal coloring; Metals; Plate-metal work; Repousse work; Sheet-metal work Refer from Alloys; Iron; Metals; Micro- graphic analysis (s) ; Microscope and micros- copy ; Microscopic analysis (s) ; Steel Refer from Alloys; Assaying; Chemical en- gineering; Chemistry; Chemistry, Technical; Cyanide process; Electrometallurgy; Fur- naces ; Industrial arts ; Metals ; Ore treatment; Ores; Smelting; Technology Refer from Aluminium; Chemical elements; Chemistry, Inorganic; Cobalt; Copper; Geology; Geology, Economic; Iron; Lead; Manganese; Manufactures; Mercury; Metal- lurgy; Mineralogy; Mines and mineral re- sources; Nickel; Ores; Platinum; Steel; Tin; Zinc Refer from Rhetoric 237 Metaphysics See also Absolute, The; Being; Belief; Causation; Consciousness; Force and en- ergy; Infinite; Knowledge; Life; Matter; Monadology; Monism; Necessity; New thought; Personality; Philosophy; Plural- ism; Psychology; Reality; Soul; Space; Teleology; Time; Universe Metemps\'chosis see Transmigration Meteoritic hypothesis See also l^Ieteors ; Nebulae Meteorites See also Meteors Meteorological instruments See also Anemometer; Barometer; Ther- mometer Meteorological observatories See also Meteorology — Observations Meteorology See also Air; Atmospheric electricity; Atmospheric nucleation ; Auroras; Climate; Clouds; Cold; Cyclones; Dew; Droughts; Evaporation; Floods; Fog; Frost; Hail; Heat; Humidity; Hurricanes; Hygrometry; Ice; Lightning; Meteorological instruments; Ocean ; Physical geography ; Rain ; Rainbow ; Seasons; Snow; Storms; Sun spots; Tem- perature; Thunderstorms; Tornadoes; Wa- terspouts; Weather; Weather forecasts; Weather lore; Winds; also names of coun- tries, subhead Meteorology Observations See also JMeteorological observatories -U. S. See also U. S. — Climate Meteors See also Astronomy; Meteorites; Meteor- itic hypothesis Meter See also Poetry; Prosody; Rhythm; Ver- sification Meters see Electric meters; Gas meters; Water meters; Wattmeter; etc. Methodism See also Episcopacy; Methodist Episcopal church; Wesleyan Methodist church Methodist Episcopal church See also Bishops; Methodism Metre see Meter Metric system See also Decimal system; Weights and measures Metrology see Mensuration; Weights and measures Mexican boll weevil see Boll wcc\il Mexican cotton-boll weevil see Boll weevil Mexican war, 1846-1848, see U. S. — History — War with Mexico Mezzotint see Engraving Refer from Absolute, The; Being; Causa- tion; Epistemology (s) ; God; Infinite; Knowl- edge; Monism; Ontology (s) ; Philosophy; Psychology; Reality; Teleology; Universe Refer from Astronomy; Meteors; Nebulae; Solar system; Universe Refer from Aerolites (s) ; Astronomy ; Aleteors Refer from Anemometer; Barometer; Instru- ments; Meteorology; Thermometer Refer from Meteorology — Observations; Observatories, Meteorological (s) Refer from Aerology (s) ; Air; Atmos- phere (s) ; Climate; Clouds; Earth; Floods; Fog; Humidity; Physical geography; Physics; Rain; Science; Sky (s) ; Snow; Storms; Tem- perature; Water; Waterspouts; Weather; Winds Refer from Meteorological observatories; Observations, Meteorological (s) Refer from U. S. — Climate; U. S. — Meteorology (s) Refer from Astronomy; Falling stars (s) ; Fireballs (s) ; Meteorites; Meteoritic hypoth- esis; Shooting stars (s) ; Stars Refer from Metre (s) ; Poetry; Prosody; Rhythm; Versification Refer from Church polity; Dissenters; Episcopacy; Methodist Episcopal church Refer from Episcopal church (s) ; Methodism; Sects; Wesleyans (s) Refer from Aritiimctic; Decimal system; Mathematics; Mensuration; Units; Weights and measures 238 Mica Mice See also Rodents Microbes see Bacteriology; Fungi Microchemistry Micrographic analysis see Metallography; Microscope and microscopy Micrometer Micro-organisms /(•(• Animalcules; Bacteriology Microphone Microphotography see Photomicrography Microscope and microscopy See also Bacteriology; Histology; Metal- lography; Microchemistry; Photomicrog- raphy Microscopic analysis see Metallography; Mi= croscope and microscopy Microscopic anatomy see Histology Microscopy see Microscope and microscopy Middle ages See also Chivalry; Feudalism; Fifteenth century; Inquisition; Manors; Monasti- cism; Renaissance Architecture, see Architecture, Aledieval Art, see Art, Medieval Civilization, see Civilization, IMedieval History See also Byzantine empire; Church history — Middle ages ; Crusades ; Hanse- atic league; Holy Roman empire; Moors in Spain; Northmen; Teutonic knights Literature S('c a/jo Anglo-Saxon literature; Arthur- ian romances ; Charlemagne — - Romances ; English literature — History and criti- cism — Middle English Social life and customs See also Chiwilry Middle English language see English language — Middle English Middle English literature see English litera- ture — History and criticism — Middle English Middle states See also Cumberland road ; Northwest Territory, U. S. ; also names of states Midwifery see Obstetrics Migration of animals see Animals — Migration Migration of birds see Birds — Migration Migration of nations See also Anthropogeography ; Anthro- pology; Barbarian invasions of Rome; I'lth- nology ; Immigration and emigration Migration of plants see Plants - - Migration Mildew See also Fungi ; Plants — Diseases Militarism See also Armies; Disarmament; Navies; Peace; War Refer from Isinglass (s) ; Mineralogy Refer from Household pests; Mouse (s) ; Rodents Refer from Chemistry; Chemistry — Anal- ysis; Microscope and microscopy Refer from Measuring instruments; Survey- ing instruments Refer fro?n Electricity; Telephone Refer from Animalcules; Bacteriology; Bi- ology; Botany; Histology; Medicine; Mi- crographic analysis (s) ; Microscopic analy- sis (s) ; Microscopy (s) ; Natural history ; Optical instruments; Photomicrograpiiy ; Science; Zoology Refer from Archaeology; Chivalry; Dark ages (s) ; Feudalism; Renaissance Refer from Byzantine empire; Church his- tory — Middle ages; Crusades; Europe — History — 476-1492 (s) ; Hanseatic league; History; History, Aledieval (s) ; Holy Roman empire; Medieval history (s) Refer from Literature, Medieval (s) ; Medie- val literature (s) Refer from Central states (s) ; Northwest Territory, U. S. Refer from Anthropogeography; Anthro- pology; Barbarian invasions of Rome; Civiliza- tion; Ethnology; Europe — History — To 476; History; Immigration and emigration Refer from Fungi; Plants — - Diseases Refer from Armies; Disarmament; Interna- tional relations; Navies; Peace; War 239 Military aeronautics Sc-e Aeronautics, Military Military architecture See also Armories; Arsenals; Barracks; Castles; Fortification; Alilitary engineering Military art and science See also Aeronautics, Military; Ammuni- tion; Archery; Armies; Arms and armor; Artillery; Artillery drill and tactics ; Battles ; Bounties, Military; Bugle calls; Camps (military); Cavalry; Cavalry drill and tac- tics; Chariots; Coast defense; Concentra- tion camps; Conscription; Disarmament; Drill (military); Explosives; Fencing; Fire- arms; Flags; Fortification; Guerrillas; Gunnery; Hospitals, Military; Imaginary wars and battles; Infantry; Infantry drill and tactics; Martial law; Militia; Mines, Military; Naval art and science; Ordnance; Prisoners of war; Projectiles; Railroads, Military; Rifle practice; Scouts and scout- ing; Sieges; Signals; Soldiers; Spies; Tac- tics; Target practice; Tents; Torpedoes; War; War games; also headings beginning Military Military biography See also Generals ; Soldiers Military bounties see Bounties, Military Military bridges Military costume see Arms and armor; Uni- forms Military education Military engineering See also Coast defense; Engineering; For- tification; Military architecture; Military bridges; Mines, Alilitary; Railroads, Mili- tary Military government See also Martial law Military history See also Battles; Flistory; Mercenary troops; Military biography; Naval history; Sieges; also names of wars, battles, places besieged, generals, etc., and names of coun- tries, subheads Army, and History, Military Alilitary hospitals see Hospitals, Alilitary Military hygiene See also Battlefield relief; Alcdicine, Alili- tary; Naval hygiene; Surgery, Alilitary; also subhead Aledical and sanitary affairs under particular wars Military law See also Courts martial; International law; Martial law; Alutiny Military life see Army life Military maneuvers iSVt' also War games; Tactics Military medicine see Alcdicine, Alilitary Military music See also Bands (music); Bugle calls; Instrumentation and orchestration Refer from Architecture; Architecture, Alilitary (s) ; Armories; y\rsenals : Barracks; Castles; Fortification; Military engineering Refer from Armies; Army (s) ; Artillery; Cavalry; Drill (military); Fighting (s) ; In- fantry; Military power (s) ; Alilitary sci- ence (s) ; Ordnance; Science; Sieges; Soldiers; Strategy (s) ; Tactics; War Refer from Biography; Generals; Alilitary history; Soldiers Refer frovi Bridges; Alilitary engineering Refer from Education; Education, Mili- tary (s) ; Alilitary schools (s) ; Military train- ing (s) Refer from Engineering; Engineering, Alili- tary (s) ; Military architecture; Mines, Alili- tary Refer from Colonies and colonization; Government; Martial law Refer from Battles; History; History, Mili- tary (s) ; Naval history; Wars (s) Refer from Armies; Battlefield relief; Hy- giene; Hygiene, Alilitary (s) ; Hygiene, Public; Aledicinc, Alilitary; Naval hygiene; Occupa- tions — Diseases and hygiene; Sanitation Refer from Courts martial; International law; Law; Alartial law Refer from Armies; AIancu\'crs, Alilitar_\- (s) ; Alanoeuvres, Alilitary (s) ; Tactics; War games Refer from Bands (music); Bugle calls; Instrumental music; Alartial music (s) ; Music 240 Military power see Armies; Disarmament; Military art and science; Navies; Sea power Military railroads see Railroads, Military Military schools see Military education Military science see Military art and science Military service ^ce also Conscription; Recruiting and enlistment Military surgery see Surgery, Pvlilitary Military tactics see Tactics Military training see Military education Military trials see Courts martial Military uniforms see Uniforms Militia See also Naval militia; also names of states and countries, subhead Militia Milk See also Butter; Cheese; Cows; Cream; Cream separators; Dairy bacteriology; Dairy products; Dairying; Kumiss; Alilk supply; Milking Milk supply Milking See also Dairying Milky way See also Astronomy Millennial church see Shakers Millennium See also Christadelphians ; Future life; Jesus Christ; Second advent Millerites see Second adventists Millinery See also Artificial flowers; Costume; Feathers; Hats; Headgear Milling Cflour) see Flour and flour mills Milling machines See also A-Iachine tools Millionaires See also Capitalists and financiers ; Wealth Mills and millwork See also Factories; Flour and fiour mills; Machinery; Manufactures; Rolling mills; Sawmills; Scientific management; Textile factories Mimicry See also Caricature and cartoons; Imita- tion Mimicry (biology) See also Animals — Habits and behavior; Color of animals Mind see Intellect; Psychology Mind and body See also Brain ; Christian science ; Dreams ; Dualism; Emmanuel movement; Ennui; Fatigue, Mental; Flypnotism; Inhibition; Insanity; Alental healing; ■Mental hygiene; Monism; Nervous system; New thought; Phrenology; Psychology; Psychology, Phys- iological; Subconsciousness; Suggestion; Worry Mind cure see Mental healing Mind in animals see Animal intelligence Refer from Armies; Army life; Conscription; Recruiting and enlistment Refer from Armies; Military art and science Refer from Beverages; Cows; Cream; Dairy products; Dairying; Food Refer from Food adulteration and inspection; Hygiene, Public; Milk Refer from Cows; Dairying; Milk Refer from Astronomy; Galaxy (s) ; Stars Refer from Eschatology; Future life; Jesus Christ; Second advent; Theology Refer from Costume; Domestic arts; Hats; Headgear Refer from Machine tools; Machinery Refer from Biography; Capitalists and finan- ciers; Fortunes (s) ; Wealth Refer from Architecture; Factories; Indus- trial arts; Machinery; IVIanufactures Refer from Caricature and cartoons; Imita- tion Refer from Animals; Animals — Habits and behavior; Biology; Color of animals; Evolu- tion; Metachrosis (s) ; Protective mimicry (s) Refer from Body and mind (s) ; Brain; Dualism; Hygiene; Hypnotism; Insanity; Medicine; Mental healing; Mental h\'giene; Mental physiology (s) ; Monism; Nervous system; Philosophy; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Physiological 241 Mind reading See also Clairvoyance; Hypnotism; Psychical research; Thought transference Mind training see Jvlental discipline Mine accidents Si^e also Fire damp; Aline fires; Safety lamps; also names of special mine disasters Mine explosions see Mine accidents; Mine fires Mine fires See also Fire damp; Mine accidents; Safety lamps Mine labor see Miners Aline planting see Alines, Alilitary Mine surveying Mine ventilation Si-e also Fire damp Mineral lands see Alines and mineral resources; Ore deposits Alineral oils see Oils and fats; Petroleum Alineral resources see Alines and minera resources Alineral springs see Alineral waters Mineral waters See also Beverages; Geology, Economic; Health resorts; Sanatoriums; Sulphur springs Mineralogy SV^ also Abrasives; Assaying; Blowpipe; Crystallography; Gems; Geochemistry; Geology; Hardness; Aletals ; Alines and mineral resources; Ores; Precious stones; Rare earths; Rocks; Stone; also names of minerals, e.g. Asbestos, Coal, Diamonds, Alica Alinerals see Alincralogy; Alines and mineral resources; Ores Miners Mines, Military See also Blasting; Explosives; Alilitary engineering; Mines, Submarine Mines, Submarine See also I'orpcdoes Mines and mineral resources See also Coal mines anti mining; Copper mines and mining; (jcology, I'lconomic; Gold mines and mining; Hydraulic mining; Iron mines and mining; Lead mines and mining; Mercury; Metals; Aline accidents; Mine fires; Aline surveying; Aline ventila- tion; Mineralogy; Aliners; Alining engi- neering; Mining laws; Mining machinery; Refer from Clairvoyance; Psychical research ; Psychology; Spiritualism; Telepathy (s) ; Thought transference Refer from Accidents; Coal mines and min- ing; Disasters; Explosions; Fire damp; Mine explosions (s) ; Mine fires; Alines and mineral resources; Alining accidents (s) ; Occupations, Dangerous; Safety lamps Refer from Fire damp ; Fires ; Mine accidents ; Aline explosions (s) ; Mines and mineral re- sources; Safety lamps Refer from Alines and mineral resources; Alining engineering; Surveying Refer from Fire damp; Alines and mineral resources; Alining engineering; Ventilation; Ventilation of mines (s) Refer from Beverages; Geochemistry; Geology, Economic; Health resorts; Hydro- therapy; Alineral springs (s) ; Springs; Sul- phur springs; Therapeutics; Water Refer from Blowpipe; Chemical geology (s) ; Chemistry ; Chemistry — Analysis ; Chemistry, Inorganic; Crystallography; Diamonds; Geo- chemistry; Geology; Aletals; Alinerals (s) ; Alines and mineral resources; Natural history; Ores; Precious minerals (s) ; Rare earths; Rocks; Science Refer from Coal mines and mining; Labor and laboring classes; Mine labor (s) ; Alines and mineral resources; Alining life (s) Refer from Blasting; Explosives; Fortifica- tion; Alilitary art and science; Alilitary en- gineering; Aline planting (s) ; Sieges; Tunnels Refer from Coast defense; Alines, Alilitary; Naval art and science; Submarine mines (s) ; Submarine warfare; Torpedoes Refer from Conservation of resources; Earth ; Geology, Economic; Hydraulic mining; Metals; Mineral lands (s) ; Mineral resources (s) ; Alineralogy; Minerals (s) ; Alining (s) ; Natural resources; Ore deposits; Ores; Precious minerals (s) ; Prospecting; Quarries and quarrying 242 Mines and mineral resources — Coniinued Natural resources; Ore deposits; Ores; Precious metals; Prospecting; Quarries and quarrying; Salt; Shaft sinking; Silver mines and mining; Sulphur; Tin; Zinc — u. s. Miniature painting Mining see Mines and mineral resources; Mining engineering Mining accidents see Mine accidents Mining engineering See also Blasting; Boring; Explosives; Electricity in mining; Hydraulic mining; Mine surveying; Mine ventilation; Alining machinery; Mining schools and education; Rock drills; Shaft sinking; Tunnels Mining laws Mining life see Miners Mining machinery See also Conveying machinery; Electricity in mining; Excavating machinery; Hoisting machinery; Rock drills Mining schools and education Ministers of state See also Ambassadors; Chancellors, Lord; Diplomacy; International law; Internation- al relations; Prime ministers; Treaties Ministers of the gospel see Clergy; Preachers; Priests Minnesingers See also German poetry; Meistersingers Minorites see Franciscans Minority representation see Proportional rep- resentation Minstrel shows Minstrels See also Bards; Meistersingers; Minne- singers; Troubadours; Trouveres ; Way- faring life Mints See also Coinage Miocene period see Geology, Stratigraphic — Miocene; Paleontology^ Miocene Miracle, morality and mystery plays See also Drama; Passion plays Miracles See also Christianity — Evidences; Holy wells; Jesus Christ — Miracles; Mary, Vir- gin; Relics; Saints; Shrines; Spiritualism; Supernatural Mirage * Mirrors Misers See alsc Avarice Refer from U. S. — Industries and resources; U. S. — Mines and mineral resources (s) Refer from Art; Painting; Portrait painting Refer from Blasting; Civil engineering; Coal mines and mining; Electricity in mining; Engineering; Engineering, Mining (s) ; Hy- draulic engineering; Mines and mineral re- sources; Mining (s) ; Shaft sinking; Tunnels Refer from Labor laws; Law; Mines and mineral resources Refer from Conveying machinery; Electricity in mining; Excavating machinery; Hoisting machinery; Machinery; Mines and mineral resources; Alining engineering; Rock drills Refer from Alining engineering; Technical education Refer from Biography; Statesmen Refer from Bards; German poetry; Lyric poetry; Aleistersingers ; Minstrels; Poetry; Poets Refer from Amusements; Negro minstrels (s) ; Theater Refer from Bards; Poets; Wayfaring life Refer from Coinage; Aloney Refer from Drama; English drama; Aiorality plays (s); Mysteries (dramatic) (s) ; Alystery plays (s) ; Passion plays; Theater Refer from Bible ; Catholic church ; Christian- ity ; Christianity — Evidences ; Churcli history ; Divine healing (s) ; Faith cure; Jesus Christ; Relics; Religion; Shrines; Supernatural; The- ology Refer from Deserts; Optical illusions Refer from Aberration; Furniture; Glass manufacture; Looking-glasses (s) Refer from Avarice; Thrift; Wealth 243 Misfortune See also Affliction Misrepresentation see Fraud Missals See also Catholic church — Liturgy and ritual; Liturgies; Mass Missing link Missionaries See also Christian biography; Missions; Student volunteer movement Missionary societies Missions See also Bible — Publication and distri- bution ; Conversion; Evangelistic work; Indians — Missions; Missionaries; Mis- sionary societies; Revivals; Student volun- teer movement; Tract societies; also names of churches and religious orders, subhead Missions, e.g. Catholic church — Missions; Church of England — Missions; Jesuits — Missions Foreign See also Missions, Medical ; Student volunteer movement Home See also City missions; Indians — Missions Medical Seamen Missouri compromise 5^1? also Kansas-Nebraska bill; U. S. — History — 1815-1861 Mistakes see Blunders; Errors, Popular; Errors and blunders, Literary Mitosis see Karyoklnesis Mnemonics see Memory Mobs see Crowds; Lynch law; Riots Mock trials see Moot courts Modeling Sec also Arts and crafts; Plaster casts; Sculpture Modern history see History, Modern Modern philosophy see Philosophy, Modern Modernism Modulation Src also Harmony Moghul empire see Mogul empire Mogul empire See also India — History Mohammedan architecture see Architecture, Mohammedan Mohammedanism ' See also Arabs; liablsm ; Caliphs; Der- vishes; Koran; Mecca; Moors; Moors in Spain; Mosques; I'anislamism ; Saracens; Sufism ; Turkey — History ; VVahabis Refer from Adversity (s) ; Affliction; Trou- ble (s) Refer from Catholic church — Liturgy and ritual; Church music; Illumination of manu- scripts and books; Liturgies; Mass Refer from Evolution; Man — Origin and antiquity Refer from Christian biography; Evangel- ists (s) ; Heroes; Missions Refer from Missions; Societies Refer from Christianity; Church exten- sion (s) ; Church history; Church work; Conversion; Evangelistic work; Missionaries; Religion Refer from Foreign missions (s) Refer from Home missions (s) Refer from Charities, Medical; Medical missions (s) ; Medicine; Missions, Foreign Refer from Fishermen; Sailors; Sailors' missions (s) ; Seamen's missions (s) Refer from Missouri — History; Slavery In the U. S. ; U. S.— History — 1815-1861 Refer from Arts and crafts; Clay; Clay modeling (s) ; Manual training; Plaster casts; Sculpture Refer from Bible — Criticism and interpre- tation; Catholic church; Liberalism; Reli- gion and science; Theology Refer from Harmony; Music; Music — Theory Refer from India — History; Moghul em- pire (s) ; Mongols Refer /"row Arabs; Babism; Caliphs; Der- vishes ; islam (s) ; Koran ; Maliommedanism (s) ; Moors; Moslems (s) ; Kluhammedanism (s) ; Muslims (s); Mussclmans (s) ; Polygamy; Religions; Saracens; Suiism; VVahabis 244 Moisture of soils see Soil moisture Moisture of the air see Humidity Molasses See also Sorghum Mold See also Fungi Vegetable, see Soils Molding see Foundry work Moldings See also .\rchitecture Molecules See also Atoms; Chemistry; Chemistry, Physical ; Physics ; Stereochemistry Mollusks See also Bivalves ; Cephalopoda ; Gasterop- oda; Invertebrates; Marine zoology; Oys- ters ; Pearls Fossil Monachism see Monasticism Monadism see Monadology Monadology Monads (philosophy) see Monadology Monarchs see Kings and rulers Monarchy See also Coronations; Courts and cour- tiers; Democracy; Despotism; Divine right of kings; Emperors; Government; Kings and rulers; Princes and princesses; Queens and empresses; Regency; Tyranny Monasteries See also Abbeys; Convents and nunneries; Monasticism Monastic orders see Monasticism; Religious orders Monasticism See also Asceticism; Augustinians ; Bene- dictines; Brotherhoods; Buddhism; Capu- chins; Carthusians; Celibacy; Cistercians; Convents and nunneries; Dominicans; Fran- ciscans; Jesuits; Monasteries; Nuns; Re- ligious orders ; Sisterhoods ; Trappists Money See also Bank notes; Banks and banking; Bimetallism; Business; Capital; Checks; Coinage; Commerce; Counterfeits; Credit; Decimal system; Ivxchange; Finance; For- eign exchange ; Gold (as money) ; Greenbacks ; Interest; Investments; Legal tender; Mints; Numismatics; Paper money; Prices; Shell money; Silver (as money); Stock exchange; Wampum; Wealth Refer from Sorghum; Sugar; Syrups; Treacle (s) Refer from Fungi; Mould (s) Refer from Architecture; Carpentry; Deco- ration and ornament; Mouldings (s) Refer from Atoms; Chemistry; Chemistry, Physical; flatter; Physics Refer from Bivalves; Cephalopoda; Con- chology (s) ; Gasteropoda; Invertebrates; Malacology (s) ; Marine zoology; Shells (conchology) (s) Refer from Fossil mollusks (s) ; Inverte- brates, Fossil; Paleontology Refer from Metaph\-sics ; Monadism (s) ; Monads (philosophy) (s) ; Philosophy ; Uni- verse Rejer from Constitutional law; Democracy; Despotism; Divine right of kings; Executive power; Government; Kings and rulers; King- ship (s) ; Magistrates; Princes and princesses; Queens and empresses ; Royalty (s) ; Rulers (s) ; Sovereigns (s) Refer from Abbeys; Catholic church ; Church property; Cloisters (s) ; Convents and nunner- ies ; Monasticism Refer from Asceticism; Augustinians; Bene- dictines; Brotherhoods; Capuchins; Carthu- sians; Catholic church; Catholic church — Clergy; Celibacy; Christian biography ; Chris- tian life and character; Church discipline; Church history; Church polity; Cistercians; Clerg)' ; Convents and nunneries; Dominicans; Franciscans; Friars (s) ; Middle ages; Mon- achism (s) ; Monasteries; Alonastic orders (s) ; Monks (s) ; Orders, Monastic (s) ; Religion; Religious orders Refer from Banks and banking; Bills of credit (s) ; Bills of exchange (s) ; Bimetallism; Bullion (s) ; Business; Capital; Coinage; Commerce ; Counterfeits ; Credit ; Currency (s) ; Economics; Exchange; Finance; Foreign ex- change; Gold (as money); Legal tender; Numismatics; Paper money; Precious metals; Silver (as money); Specie (s) ; Standard of value (s) ; Stock exchange; Value; Wealth 245 Money — Continued U. S. See also Banks and banking Coinage — U. S. ; Greenbacks Mongols See also China — History; Mogul empire; Mongolia; Tartars Monism See also Metaphysics; Mind and body; Pantheism Monkeys See also Apes; Gorillas; Primates Monks see Hermits; Monasticism Monograms See also Artists' marks; Initials; Letter- ing Monologues See also Recitations and readings Monoplanes see Aeroplanes Monopolies See also Capital; Competition; Govern- ment ownership; Alunicipal ownership; Privileged classes ; Restraint of trade ; Trusts Monorailways see Railroads — Single rail ; Suspended railways Monotheism See also God Monotype see Typesetting machines Monroe doctrine See also Drago doctrine; Intervention Monsters See also Deformities; Dragons; Dwarfs; Giants ; Sea serpents Monstrosities see Monsters Months iS^^ also Seasons; Year; also names of months Monumental brasses see Brasses Monuments See also Archaeology; Arches of triumph; Brasses; Cromlechs; Inscriptions; Obelisks; Pyramids; Sculpture; Soldiers' monuments; Statues; Tombs; Tombstones; also names of cities, subhead Monuments Moon See also Astronomy; Eclipses; Occulta- tions ; Tides Moorish architecture see Architecture, Mo- hammedan Moors See also Algeria ; Arabs ; Mohammedanism ; Morocco; Saracens Moors in Spain See also Spain — History — To 1479 U. S.; Refer from Coinage — U. S. ; Greenbacks; Resumption of specie payment (s) ; Specie payment (s) ; Silver question (s) ; U. S. — Currency question (s) ; U. S. — Economic conditions ; U. S. — Finance ; U. S. — Money (s) Refer from China — History; Mongolia; Tartars; Yellow races Refer from Dualism; Metaphysics; Mind and body; Pantheism; Philosophy; Universe Refer from Apes; Primates Refer from Decoration and ornament; Initials ; Lettering Refer from Amateur theatricals; Drama; Impersonation (s) ; Recitations and readings Refer from Capital; Commerce; Competi- tion; Corners, Commercial (s) ; Economics; Forestalling (s) ; Privileged classes; Re- straint of trade; Trusts Moot courts Refer from God; Theology Refer from International law; International relations; Intervention; Latin America; U. S. — Foreign relations Refer from Deformities; Man; Monstrosi- ties (s) ; Physiology; Teratology (s) ; Zoology Refer from Year Refer from Archaeology; Burial; Sculpture; Statues; Tombs; Tombstones Refer from Astronomy; Eclipses; Lunar theory (s) ; Mechanics, Celestial; Planets; Satellites ; Tides Refer from Algeria. ; Arabs ; Mohammedanism ; Morocco; Saracens Refer from Arabs in Spain (s) ; Middle ages — History; Mohammedanism; Moris- cos (s) ; Spain — History — To 1479 Refer from Courts; Mock trials (s) 246 Moraines See also Boulders; Drift; Glaciers; Physi- cal geography Moral conditions see names of countries and cities, subhead Moral conditions Moral education See also Character; Children — Manage- ment; Religious education Moral philosophy see Ethics Morality see Ethics Morality plays see Miracle, morality and mystery plays Morals see Ethics, and names of countries, subhead Moral conditions Morasses see Marshes Moravians Moriscos see Moors in Spain Mormons and Mormonism See also Salt Lake City; Utah Morphia see Morphine Morphine See also Xarcotic habit; Narcotics; Opium Morphology See also Anatomy; Biology; Botany, Structural; Cells; Embryology; Histology Morphology of plants see Botany, Structural Morris dance See, also Dancing Mortality See also Death; Vital statistics Mortar see Cement Mortgages See also Investments; Real estate; Se- curities Mortmain Alortuary customs see Burial; Cremation; Death; Embalming; Funeral rites and ceremonies; Indians — Mortuary customs; Urn burial Mosaic law See also Antinomianism ; Commandments ; Bible — Old Testament — - Deuteronomy ; Bible — Old Testament — Leviticus; Jews — I -aw Mosaics See also Arts and crafts; Inlay; Mural painting and decoration Moslems see Mohammedanism Mosques See also Architecture, Mohammedan; Architecture, Oriental Refer from Boulders; Drift; Geology: Glaciers; Physical geography Refer from Children — Management; Edu- cation; Education, Moral (s) ; Ethical edu- cation (s) ; Ethics ; Religious education Refer frovi Bohemian brethren (s) ; Herrn- huters (s) ; Sects; Unitas fratrum (s) ; United brethren (s) Refer from Church of Christ of latter-day saints (s) ; Church of Jesus Christ of latter-day saints (s) ; Latter-day saints (s) ; Polygamy; Religions; Salt Lake City; Sects; Utah Refer from Alkaloids; Morphia (s) ; Nar- cotic habit; Narcotics; Opium Refer from \m.lomy ; Anatomy, Comparative ; Biology; Comparative morphology (s) ; Or- ganography (s) ; Physiology Refer from Dancing; England — Social life and customs Refer from Death; Death rate (s) ; \'ital statistics Refer from Chattel mortgages (s) ; Com- mercial law; Contracts; Conveyancing; Forms (in law); Incumbrances (s) ; Investments; Land titles; Law; Liens; Loans; Negotiable instruments; Property; Real estate; Securities Refer from Charities; Land tenure; Law; Legacies; Trustees Refer from Bible — Old Testament — Deu- teronomy; Bible — Old Testament — Leviti- cus; Commandments; Jews — Law; Jews — Religion ; Law Refer from Art; Arts and crafts; Decoration and ornament; Floors; Inlay; Mural painting and decoration; Pavements Refer from Architecture; Architecture, Mo- hammedan; Architecture, Orienlal; Ciiurch architecture; Mohammedanism; Temples 247 Mosquitoes See also Diptera ; Insects as carriers of contagion; Malaria; Yellow fever Moss see Mosses Mosses See also Algae; Cryptogams; Lichens Most favored nation clause see Commercial treaties Motherhood see Mothers Mothers See also Children; Home; Matriarchy; Parents ; Women Mothers' clubs See also Child study W- omen s c ubs Moths See also Caterpillars; Codling moth; Cutworms; Gipsy moth; Lepidoptera ; Silkworms Motion See also Animal locomotion; Dynamics; Force and energy; Kinematics; Locomotion; Alechanical movements: Mechanics; Mo- tors; Perpetual motion; Rotation; Velocity; Vibration Motion pictures see Moving pictures Motor boats Motor carriages see Automobiles Motor cycles Motor vehicles see Automobiles Motoring see Automobile touring; Automobiles Motors See also Aeronautic motors; Alcohol motors; Automobiles; Compressed air; Dynamos; Electric motors; Engines; Farm motors; Gas and oil engines; Hydraulic motors; Locomotives; Machinery; Solar motors; Steam engines; Turbines; Water wheels; Windmills Mottoes See also Devices; Heraldry; Quotations Mould see Mold Moulding see Foundry work Mouldings see Moldings Mound builders see Mounds and mound builders Mounds and mound builders See also I^arthworks (archaeology) ; In- dians — Antiquities; Kitchen middens; U. S. — Antiquities Mountain climbing see Mountaineering Mountain railroads iS^^ also Cable railroads; Suspended railways Refer from Contagion and contagious dis- eases ; Diptera; Household pests; Insects, Injurious and beneficial; Insects as carriers of contagion; Malaria; Yellow fever Refer from Bryology (s) ; Bryophytes (s) ; Cryptogams; Moss (s) Refer from Children; Family; Home; Love; Maternity (s) ; Motherhood (s) ; Parents; Wives ; Women Refer from Child study; Clubs; Social settlements; Women's clubs Refer from Caterpillars; Insects, Injurious and beneficial; Lepidoptera Refer from Dynamics; Force and energy; Kinematics; Kinetics (s) ; Mechanics; Physics; Vibration Refer from Autoboats (s) ; Boats and boating ; Electric boats (s) ; Electric launches (s) ; Gaso- line launches (s) ; Launches (s) ; Navigation; Power boats (s) ; Shipbuilding Refer from Automobiles; Bicycles cycles; Cycles, Motor (s) ; Cycling md tri- Refer from Automobiles; Engines; Ma- chinery; Mechanics; Motion; Physics; Power; Power transmission Refer from Devices ; Literature; Quotations Emblems ; Heraldry Refer Burial ; ogy; dians dens ; U. S. fro7n Archaeology; Barrows (s) ; ; Earthworks (archaeology) ; Ethnol- Grave mounds (s) ; Graves (s) ; In- Indians — Antiquities; Kitchen mid- Mound builders (s) ; Tombs; Tumuli (s) ; \ntiquilies Refer from Cable railroads; Railroads 248 Mountain whites see Mountaineers of the South Mountaineering See also Alpine clubs Mountaineers of the South Mountains See also Alpine clubs; Alpine plants; Avalanches; Geology; Mountaineering; Phj'sical geography; \'olcanoes ; also names of mountains Mourning customs Mouse see Mice Mouth See also Teeth Movement cure see Gymnastics, Medical; Mechanotherapy; Swedish movement cure Movements of animals see Animal locomotion; Irritability Movements of plants see Plants — Movements Moving pictures Mowing machines See also Farm implements md :hine ry Muhammedanism see Mohammedanism Multiple personality see Personality Mummies See' also Egypt — Antiquities; Embalm- ing Municipal accounts See also Accounting; Municipal finance Municipal administration see Municipal gov- ernment Municipal art See also Cities — Planning and laying out ; Municipal centers; Municipal improvement; Public buildings Municipal bonds see Bonds Municipal buildings see Public buildings Municipal centers See also Cities — Planning and laying out; Public buildings Municipal charters see Charters; also names of cities, subhead Charters Municipal corporations See also Boroughs ; Cities ; Courts, Munic- ipal ; Municipal government; Municipal law; Towns Municipal corruption see Political corruption Municipal courts see Courts, Municipal Municipal debts see Municipal finance Municipal engineering See also Municipal improvement; Pa\e- ments; Public works; Refuse and refuse dis- posal; Sanitary engineering; Sewerage; Refer from Alpine clubs; Mountain climb- ing (s) ; Alountains; Outdoor life; Sports Refer from Cumberland Alountains; Ken- tucky; Mountain whites (s) ; Southern states; Tennessee Refer from Avalanches ; ogy (s) ; Physical geography Geology ; Orol- Refer from Death ; Funeral rites and monies; Manners and customs Refer from Anatomy; Dentistry; Digestive s}-stem; Face; Head Refer from Amusements; Animatograph (s) ; Biograph (s) ; Chronophotography (s) ; Cine- matograph (s) ; Entertainments; Kinemato- graph (s) ; Kinetograph (s) ; Kinetoscope (s) ; Motion pictures (s) ; Photography; Pictures; Theater; Vitagraph (s) ; Vitascope (s) Refer from Farm implements and machinery; Harvesting machinery Refer from Archaeology; Burial; Egypt — Antiquities; Embalming Refer from Accounting; Bookkeeping; Mu- nicipal finance Refer from Architecture; Art; Art, Munic- ipal (s) ; Cities — Planning and laying out; Civic art (s) ; Municipal improvement Refer from Architecture; Cities — Planning and laying out; Civic centers (s) ; Group plan for public buildings (s) ; Municipal art ; Munic- ipal improvement; Public buildings Refer from Boroughs; Corporations; Emi- nent domain; Law; Municipal government; Municipal law; Towns Refer from I'".ngincering ; Engineering, Munic- ipal (s) ; Public works; Sanitary engineering 249 Street cleaning; Streets; Water — Purifica- tion ; \\ ater supply Municipal finance See also Bonds; Municipal accounts; Municipal government Municipal franchises Src also Public service corporations Municipal government See also Charters ; Cities ; Local govern- ment; Municipal corporations; Municipal finance; Municipal ownership; Police; Re- call ; Referendum -Commission plan Municipal improvement See also Baths, Public; Billposting; Build- ing laws; Cemeteries; Cities — Planning and laying out; Electric wire and wiring; Fire protection ; Garden cities ; Harbors ; Housing problem; Hygiene, Public; Land- scape gardening; Lighting; Municipal art; Municipal centers; Neighborhood improve- ment; Noise; Parks; Pavements; Play- grounds; Preservation of landmarks, scen- ery, etc.; Public comfort stations; Rail- roads — Crossings; Refuse and refuse dis- posal; Sanitary engineering; Signs; Smoke; Streets; Tenement houses; Vacant lot cul- tivation Municipal law See also Corporation law; Law; Municipal corporations Municipal ownership See also Government ownership; Govern- ment regulation of industry; \Iunicipal government; Public service corporations Municipal reference libraries see Libraries, Municipal reference Municipal reform see Municipal government Municipal trading see Municipal ownership Municipalities see Cities Mural decoration see Mural painting and decoration Mural painting and decoration See also I'rescoes; (icsso; House painting; Mosaics; Plaster and plastering; Stucco; Tapestry ; Wall paper Murder See also Assassination; Capital punish- ment; Dacoits; Infanticide; Poisons; Sui- cide; Thugs; Treason Muscles See also Anatomy; Muscular sense; Physical education; Physiology Refer from Finance; Municipal accounts; Municipal debts (s) ; Municipal government; Taxation Refer from Charters; Franchises, Munic- ipal (s) ; Public service corporations Refer from Cities; City government (s) ; Civics (s) ; Government; Local government; Municipal administration (s) ; Municipal cor- porations; Municipal finance; Municipal ownership; Municipal reform (s) ; Social prob- lems ; Towns Refer from Civil service reform; Commis- sion government (s) ; Des Moines plan of city government (s) ; Galveston plan of city gov- ernment (s) ; Government by commission (s) Refer from Cities — Planning and laying out; City improvement (s) ; Civic improve- ment (s) ; Landscape gardening; Municipal art; Alunicipal engineering; Parks Refer from Corporation law; Law; Munic- ipal corporations Refer from Government ownership; Govern- ment regulation of industr\'; Monopolies; Municipal government; Municipal trading (s) ; Public ownership (s) ; Public service corpora- tions Refer from Architecture; Art; Ceilings; Decoration and ornament; Frescoes; House decoration; House painting; Mosaics; Mural decoration (s) ; Painting; Plaster and plaster- ing; Wall decoration (s) ; Wall painting (s) ; Wall paper; Walls Refer from Assassination; Crime and crim- inals; Criminal law; Death; Homicide (s) Refer from Anatomy; Animal locomotion; Electrophysiology ; Histolog)-; Muscular action (s) ; Myodynamics (s) ; Myology (s) ; Physiology 250 Muscular action see Muscles Muscular sense See also Psychology, Physiological Museums See also Art — Galleries and museums; Botanical museums; Exhibitions; also names of museums, and names of cities, subhead Cilleries and museums Mushrooms See also Cooker)' — Mushrooms; f'ungi Music See also Anecdotes, Musical; Anthems; Bands (music); Bible — Music; Cantatas; Carols; Chamber music; Chants; Choirs; Choral music; Church music; Composition (music); Concerts; Counterpoint; Dance music; Fugue; Glees; Harmony; Hymns; Indians — Music; Instrumental music; In- strumentation and orchestration; Masses (music); Melody; Military music; Modula- tion; Musical accompaniment; Musical festivals; Musical form; Musical instru- ments, and names of instruments; Musical societies ; Musicians ; National songs ; Opera ; Oratorios; Orchestral music; Orchestras; Overtures; Phrasing (music); Program music; Rhythm; Scale (music); School music; Sight reading; Singing and voice culture; Sonatas; Songs; Sound; Sympho- nies ; Voice Anecdotes, see Anecdotes, Musical Appreciation See also Musical form -Biography, see Musicians -Dictionaries -Essays, addresses, etc. -History and criticism See also Music — Philosophy and esthetics -Indians, see Indians — Alusic -Instruction and study See also Instrumentation and orchestra- tion; Piano — -Instruction and study; Sight reading; Singing and voice culture; also names of schools and of instruments -Jews See also Bible — Music -Notation See also Tonic sol-fa -Philosophy and esthetics See also Music — Appreciation -Scores See also Choruses and part songs ; Duets, Instrumental; Duets, Vocal; Opera — Scores; Orchestral music; Organ music; Piano music — Scores; Sonatas; Songs — Scores; Symphonies; Violin music -Study and teaching, see Music — Instruc- tion and study Refer from Muscles; Psj'chology; Psychol- ogy, Physiological; Senses and sensation Refer from Exhibitions Refer from Food ; Fungi ; Toadstools (s) Refer from Art; Composition (music); In- strumental music; Singing and voice culture; Sound; Vocal music (s) ; Voice Refer from Appreciation of music (s) ; Music — Philosophy and esthetics; Musical form Refer from Criticism Refer from Education, Musical (s) ; Music — Study and teaching (s) ; Musical education (s) ; Piano — Instruction and study Refer from Bible — Music; Jcwj — Mu- sic (s) Refer from Musical notation (s) ; Notation (music) (s) Refer from P'.sthetics ; Music — History and criticism; Music — Theory Refer from Scores (music) (s) 251 Music — Continued Theory Sfe also Canon (music) ; Composition (music) ; Counterpoint ; Fugue ; Harmony ; Melody; Modulation; Alusic — Philoso- phy and esthetics; Musical form U. S. See also Indians — Music; Songs, Amer- ican Music halls See also Vaudeville Musical accompaniment Musical anecdotes see Anecdotes, Musical Musical composition see Composition (music) Musical education see Music — - Instruction and study Musical festivals Musical form See also Canon (music); Fugue; Music — Appreciation; Phrasing (music); Sonatas Musical instruments See also Flute; Guitar; Harp; Harp- sichord; Instrumental music; Instrumenta- tion and orchestration; Orchestral music; Organ; Piano; Reed organ; Stringed instru- ments; Tuning; Tuning forks; Violin; Violoncello; Wind instruments Musical notation see Music — Notation Musical societies See also Choral societies ; Musical festivals Musicians See' also Anecdotes, Musical; Organists; Pianists; Singers; Violinists Muslims see Mohammedanism Mussulmans see Mohammedanism Mutation see Variation (biology) Mutiny Mutual aid societies see Benefit societies Mutual benefit societies see Benefit societies Mycology see Fungi Myodynamlcs see Muscles Myology see Muscles Myopia See also Eye — Diseases and defects Myriapoda See also Arthropoda Mysteries (dramatic) see Miracle, morality and mystery plays Mysteries (religious) Sif^ a/jo Eleuslnian mysteries; Mythology; Oracles Mystery plays see Miracle, moralil\' and mystery plays Mysticism See also Cabala; Neoplatonism ; Quietism ; Rosicrucians ; Sufism Mythical animals see Animals, Mythical Refer fro yn Harmony Refer from U. S. — Music (s) Refer from Concert halls (s) ; Theaters Refer from Accompaniment, Musical (s) ; Composition (music); Music; Piano^ In- struction and study; Singing and voice culture Refer from Festivals; Music; Musical societies Refer from Canon (music) ; Form, Musi- cal (s) ; Fugue; Music; Music — Apprecia- tion; Music — Theory; Phrasing (music); Sonatas Refer from Flute; Harpsichord; Instrumen- tal music; Instrumentation and orchestration; Instruments; Music; Organ; Piano; Stringed Instruments; Violin; Violoncello; Wind in- struments Refer from Choral societies; Music; Societies Refer from Artists; Biography; Compos- ers (s) ; Music; Music — ^ Biography (s) ; Organists; Pianists; Singers; Violinists Refer from Crime and criminals; Maritime law ; Military law Refer from Eye — Diseases and defects; Near-sightedness (s); Nearsightedness (s) ; Short-sightedness (s); Sight Refer from Arthropoda Refer from Mythology; Religion; Religious mysteries (s) ; Rites and ceremonies Refer from PhIloso[ihy; Quietism; Reiiglcm; Rosicrucians; Theolog\" 252 Mythology See also Animal worship; Animals, Mythi- cal; Archaeology; Astronomical mythoiog)-; Classical dictionaries; Fairy tales; Fauns; Folklore; Legends; Mysteries (religious); Nature myths; Religions; Superstition; Totems and totemism Celtic Sre also Druids Classical Sre also Amazons; Argonauts; Classical dictionaries; Eleusinian mysteries -Germanic See also Mythology, Norse -Greek, see Mythology, Classical -Indians, see Indians — Religion -Norse See also Eddas ; Mythology, Germanic; Sagas Roman, see Mythology, Classical Scandinavian, see Mythology, Norse Slavic Teutonic, see Mythology, Germanic N rays Nagualism Nails and spikes Names See also Botany — Nomenclature; Epi- thets; Indians — -Names; Medicine — -No- menclature; Words; Zoology — Nomencla- ture Geographical See also Gazetteers; Indians — Names Personal See also Indians — Names ; Nicknames ; Pseudon\-ms Napoleonic wars See also Europe — History — 1789-; France — History — Consulate and empire ; Peninsular war, 1807-1814; Waterloo, Battle of Narcotic habit See also Cocaine; Morphine; Narcotics; Opium Narcotics See also Hashish; Morphine; Narcotic habit; Opium; Tobacco Narragansett Indians See also Algonquian Indians Refer form Archaeology; Comparative myth- ology (s) ; Creation; Ethnology; Folklore; God ; Heroes ; Legends ; Mysteries (religious) ; Paganism; Religion; Religions; Superstition Refer from Celtic mythology (s) ; Druids Refer from Amazons; Argonauts; Classical antiquities; Classical mythology (s) ; Eleusin- ian mysteries; Greek mythology (s) ; Myth- ology, Greek (s) ; Mythology, Roman (s) ; Roman mythology (s) Refer from Germanic mythology (s) ; Myth- ology, Norse; Mythology, Teutonic (s) ; Teutonic mythology (s) Refer from Mythology, Germanic; Myth- ology, Scandinavian (s) ; Norse mythology (s) ; Northern mythology (s) ; Scandinavian myth- ology (s) Refer from Slavic mythology (s) Refer from Light; Radiation; X rays Refer from Central America — Religion; Indians of Mexico; Mexico — Antiquities; Mexico — Religion; Religions Refer from Hardware; Railroad spikes (s) ; Spikes (s) Refer from Epithets; Etymology; Language; Nomenclature (s) ; Terminology (s) ; Words Refer from Gazetteers; Geographical names (s) ; Geography; Place names (s) ; Proper names (s) Refer from Christian names (s) ; Fore- names (s) ; Personal names (s) ; Proper names (s) ; Surnames (s) Refer from England — History — 1714- 1837; Europe — -History — - 1789-; France — History — Consulate and empire; P'rench revolution; Germany — History — 1740-18 15 ; Italy — History — 1789-18 15 ; Peninsular war, 1807-1814; Waterloo, Battle of Refer from Cocaine; Drug habit (s) ; Hy- giene; Morphine; Narcotics; Opium; Tem- perance Refer from Drugs; Hashish; Hygiene; In- somnia; Medicine; Morphine; Narcotic habit; Opium; Poisons; Tiierapeutics Refer from Algonquian Indians 253 Nasal passages see Nose Natal stones see Birth stones National bank notes see Bank notes National banks See also Bank notes; Banks and banking; Banks and banking — U. S. National cemeteries see Cemeteries, National National characteristics See also Ethnopsychology ; also names of races, and names of countries, subhead Social life and customs American See also U. S. — Social life and customs ; Women in the U. S. National debts see Debts, Public National ethics see State ethics National flowers National guard, U. S., see U. S. — ^ Militia ; also names of states, e.g. New York (state) — Militia National holidays see Holidays National hymns see National songs National ownership see Government ownership National parks and reserves See also Forest reserves National resources see Natural resources ; also names of countries, subhead Industries and resources National road see Cumberland road National songs See also Folk songs; War songs National university for the U. S. Nationalism see Government ownership; Na- tionalism, New; Socialism Nationalism, New Nationalization of land see Land nationaliza- tion Nations Nations, Law of, see International law Native races see Ethnology; Race; problems; also names of aboriginal races, e.g. Indians Nativity of Christ see Jesus Christ — Birth Natural gas see Gas, Natural Natural history See also Animals; Anthropology; Aquari- ums; Bible — Natural history; Biology; Botany; Chemistry; Ecology; Evolution; Geology; Man; Microscope and microscopy; Mineralogy; Naturalists; Nature; Nature study; Ocean; Outdoor life; Paleon oology ; Physical geography; Physics; Plants; Sci- ence; Taxidermy; Zoology U.S. See also Botany — U. S. ; Zoology — U. S. Refer from Banks and banking; Banks and banking — U. S. Refer from Character; Characteristics, Na- tional (s) ; Ethnology; Ethnopsychology; Manners and customs ; Race characteristics (s) ; Social psychology Refer from U. S. — National characteris- tics (s) ; U. S. — -Social life and customs; Women in the U. S. Refer from Flowers; Flowers, National (s) Refer from Forest reserves; Parks; Public lands; U. S. — Military reservations (s) ; U. S. — National parks and reserves (s) ; U. S. — Public lands Refer from Folk songs; Music; National hymns (s) ; Patriotic songs (s) ; Songs; Songs, American [etc.] Refer from Colleges and universities — U. S. ; University of the U. S., Proposed fs) Refer from Federal government; Nation- alism (s) ; New nationalism (s) ; State rights; U. S. — Government Refer from Ethnology; Government; People Refer from Animal lore; Animals; Biology; Botany; History, Natural (s) ; Natural sci- ence (s) ; Nature; Nature study; Outdoor life; Plants; Science; Zoology Refer from U. S. — Natural Iiistory (s) 254 Natural law See also International law Natural philosophy see Physics Natural religion See also Atheism; Christianity; Creation; Deism; Ethics; Future life; God; Natural- ism; Religion; Religion and science; The- ology Natural resources iS^^ also Commercial geography; Commer- cial products; Conservation of resources; Forests and forestry; Geology, Economic; Mines and mineral resources; Water power Natural rights see Natural law Natural scenery see Landscape Natural science see Natural history; Physics; Science Natural selection See also Evolution; Heredity; Species Natural theology see Natural religion Naturalism See also Agnosticism; Materialism; Posi- tivism ; Realism Naturalism in art See also Idealism in art; Realism in art Naturalism in literature See also Idealism in literature; Realism in literature Naturalists See^ also Botanists; Entomologists; Or- nithologists; Scientists; Zoologists Naturalization See also Alien and sedition laws, 1798; Aliens; Citizenship Nature See also Animals; Botany; Earth; Evolu- tion; Natural history; Nature in literature; Nature in poetry; Nature myths; Nature study; Outdoor life; Plants; Science; Seasons ; Zoology Nature, Law of, see Natural law Nature in literature See also Nature in poetry Nature in poetry See also Nature in literature; Pastoral poetry Nature myths See also Animal lore; Astronomical myth- ology ; Plant lore Nature photography See also {-"holography — Animals; Photog- raphy — Plants Nature study See also Animals; Animals — Habits and behavior; Animals — Stories; Birds; Bota- Refer from Absolute rights (s) ; Constitu- tional law; Ethics; International law; Law; Law of nature (s) ; Liberty ; Natural rights (s) ; Nature, Law of (s) Refer from Atheism; God; Natural theol- ogy (s) ; Philosophy; Religion; Religion and science; Teleology; Theism; Theology; Theol- ogy, Natural (s) Refer from Commercial geography; Commer- cial products; Conservation of resources; Forests and forestry; Mines and mineral resources; National resources (s) ; Resources (s) Refer from Darwinism(s) ; Evolution; He- redity; Selection, Natural(s) ; Species; Survi- val of the fittest (s) ; Variation (biology) Refer from Natural religion; Philosophy; Realism Refer from Art; Esthetics; Idealism in art; Painting; Realism in art Refer from Esthetics; Fiction; Idealism in literature; Literature; Realism in literature Refer from Authors; Biography; Botanists; Entomologists; Natural history; Ornitholo- gists; Scientists; Zoologists Refer from Aliens; Allegiance; Citizenship; Expatriation; Foreigners (s) ; Immigration and emigration; International law; Suffrage Refer from Natural history; Nature study; Outdoor life; Philosophy; Physical geography; Scenery (s) ; Science Refer from Literature; Nature; Nature in poetry Refer from Nature; Nature in literature; Pastoral poetry; Poetry; Poetry of nature (s) Refer from Animal lore; Folklore; Mythol- ogy; Nature; Plant lore Refer from Nature study; Photography; Photography — Animals; Photography — Nature (s) ; Photography — Plants; Photog- raphy of nature (s) Refer from Animals; Animals — Habits and behavior; Animals — Stories; Botany; Educa- 2SS ny; Natural history; Nature; Nature pho- tography; Object teaching; Plants; Scliool gardens ; Zoology Nature worship See also Animal worship; Elements, Wor- ship of; Phailicism; Serpent worship; Sun worship; Totems and totemism; Tree wor- ship Nautical almanacs Nautical astronomy See also Astronomy, Spherical and prac- tical; Latitude and longitude; Navigation Nautical surveying see Hydrography Nautical terms see Naval art and science — Dictionaries; Navigation — ■ Dictionaries Naval architecture see Shipbuilding Naval art and science See also Armor plate; Armored vessels; Blockade; Gunnery; Alines, Submarine; Naval history; Naval tactics, and other headings beginning Naval; Navies; Naviga- tion; Navy yards and naval stations; Priva- teering; Sea power; Shipbuilding; Signas; Submarine boats; Submarine warfare; Tar- get practice; Torpedo boats; Torpedoes; War; Warships Naval artillery see Naval guns Naval battles See also Armada, 1588; Battles; Bucca- neers; Naval history; Pirates; also names of battles and of ships Naval biography See also Admirals; Sailors Naval boilers see Boilers, Marine Naval, education Naval engineering see Alarine engineering Naval gunnery see Gunnery Naval guns Naval history See also Admirals; Buccaneers; History; Impressment; Military history; Naval battles; Naval biography; Navigation; Pirates; Privateering; Sea power; also names of wars, battles, vessels and commanders, and names of countries, subheads History, Naval, and Navy Naval hospitals see Hospitals, Naval and marine Naval hygiene See also Military hygiene; Quarantine; Seasickness Naval militia See also names of states, subhead Naval militia Naval power see Sea power Naval reserves see Naval militia Naval science see Naval art and science Naval stations see Navy yards and naval stations Naval surgery see Surgery, Naval tion ; Kindergarten; Natural history; Nature; Object teaching; Plants; Science; Science — Study and teaching; Teaching; Zoology Refer from Elements, Worship of; Worship Refer from Almanacs; Astronomy; Ephe- merides (s) ; Navigation Refer from Astronomy; Astronomy, Spheri- cal and practical ; Navigation Refer from Fighting (s) ; Military art and science; Naval science (s) ; Naval tactics; Naval warfare (s) ; Navies; Navy (s) ; Science; Sea power; Ships; Strategy (s) ; War; War- ships Refer from Battles; Naval history; Sea fights (s) Refer from Admirals; Biography; Naval history ; Sailors Refer from Education; Education, Naval (s) Refer from Artillery; Guns; Naval artil- lery (s) ; Ordnance Refer from History; History, Naval (s) ; Military history; Naval art and science; Naval battles; Navigation; Sea power Refer from Hygiene; Hygiene, Naval (s) ; Medicine; Military hygiene; Occupations — Diseases and hygiene; Sanitation Refer from Militia; Naval rcscr\'cs (s) ; U. S. — Militia; U. S. — Naval militia (s) ; U. S. — Navy 256 Naval tactics See also Naval art and science Naval warfare see Naval art and science Navies See also Armies; Armored vessels; Coaling stations; Disarmament; Militarism; Naval art and science; Navy yards and naval sta- tions; Sea power; Warships, also names of countries, subhead Navy, or Army and na\'y Navigation See also Aeronautics; Beacons; Boats and boating; Buoys; Canoes and canoeing; Collisions at sea; Commerce; Compass; Fog signals; Harbors; Hydrography; Inland navigation; Knots and splices; Latitude and longitude; Lifeboats; Lighthouses; Motor boats; Nautical almanacs; Nautical astron- omy; Naval history; Ocean; Ocean travel; Pilot guides; Pilots and pilotage; Rowing; Rule of the road; Sailing; Sailors; Ship- building; Shipping; Ships; Shipwrecks; Signals; Sounding and soundings; Steam navigation; Steamboats; Submarine boats; Traverse tables; Voyages and travels; Yachts and yachting Inland, see Inland nav^igation Navigation laws see Maritime law Navy see Naval art and science; Navies; also names of countries, subhead Navy, or Army and navy Navy yards and naval stations Near-sightedness see Myopia Nearsightedness see Myopia Nebulae See also Astronomy; Meteoritic hypothe- sis ; Nebular hypothesis Nebular hypothesis See also Astronomy; Nebulae Necessity See also Freedom of the will; Predestina- tion Necrologies see Obituaries Necromancy see Conjuring; Magic; Witch- craft Needles see Pins and needles Needlework See also Beadwork; Crocheting; Drawn work; Dressmaking; Embroidery; Fancy work; Knitting; Lace; Mending and repair- ing; Samplers; Sewing machines; Sewing schools; Tailoring; Tapestry Negligence See also Agency; Bailments; Damages; Employers' liability Negotiable instruments See also l>onds ; Commercial law; Ex- change; Interest; Investments; Mortgages; Securities ; Stocks Negro dialect See also Recitations and readings, Dialect Refer from Nav^al art and science; Tactics Refer from Armaments (s) ; Armies; Ar- mored vessels; Disarmament; Fleets (s) ; Militarism; Military power (s) ; Naval art and science; Nav^y (s) ; Sea power; Ships; War; Warships Refer from Astronomy, Spherical and prac- tical ; Boats and boating; Carriers; Commerce; Hydrography; Latitude and longitude; Loco- motion; Mathematics; Nautical astronomy; Naval art and science; Naval history; Ocean; Sailing; Seamanship (s) ; Ships; Steam navi- gation; Traverse tables; Trigonometry; Wa- terways ; Yachts and yachting Refer from Naval art and science; Naval stations (s) ; Navies ^^'/^r/rom Astronomy ; Meteoritic hypothe- sis; Nebular hypothesis Refer from Astronomy; Nebulae; Planets; Solar system; Universe Refer from Freedom of the will ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy Refer from Arts and crafts; Domestic arts; Dressmaking; Embroidery; Fancy work; Home economics; Lace; Manual training; Sewing (s) ; Sewing schools; Stitches (s) ; Women Refer from Agency; Bailments; Carriers; Contracts; Contributory negligence (s) ; Damages; Employers' liability; Law; Occupa- tions, Dangerous Refer from Commercial law; Commercial paper (s) ; Credit; Law; Securities Refer from English language — Dialects; Negroes 257 Negro melodies see Negro songs Negro minstrels see Minstrel shows Negro songs See also Jubilee singers Negro suffrage See also Negroes — Political and social conditions Negroes See also Color of man; Freedmen; Ma- roons; Negro dialect; Negro songs; Negro suffrage; Race problems — U. S.; Slave trade; Slavery; Slavery in the U. S. ; Southern states Biography Colonization [for colonization in America] See also Africa — Colonization Education Folklore History Political and social conditions See also Negro suffrage Religion Social life and customs See also \'oodooism Suffrage, see Negro suffrage Negroes in the American revolution see U. S. — History — Revolution — Negro troops Negroes in the civil war see U. S. — History — Civil war — Negro troops Neighborhood gilds Neighborhood improvement See' also Playgrounds; Tree planting; Vacant lot cultivation Neighborhood work see Social settlements Neo-Latin languages see Romance languages Neolithic period see Stone age Neoplatonism Nerves See also Nervous system Nervous diseases see Nervous system — Diseases Nervous exhaustion see Neurasthenia Nervous prostration see Neurasthenia Nervous system See also Anatomy; Brain; Electrophysi- ology; Fatigue; Inhibition; Mind and body; Nerves; Physiology; Psychology, Physio- logical; Rest; Spine; Temperament Diseases See also Epilepsy; Headache; Hysteria; Mental diseases; Neuralgia; Neurasthe- nia ; Worry Nestorians See also Eastern churches Nests See also Animals — Habitations ; Birds; l)irds' eggs Neuralgia See also Ner\'ous svstem — ■ Diseases Refer from Folk songs ; Negro melodies (s) ; Negroes ; Plantation songs (s) ; Songs ; Songs, American Refer from Negroes; Negroes — Political and social conditions; Negroes — Suffrage (s) ; Suffrage Refer from Colored people (s) ; Ethnology; Freedmen; Race problems; Race problems — U. S.; Slavery; Slavery in the U. S. ; Southern states Refer from Africa — Colonization; Coloni- zation of negroes (s) Refer from Education Refer from Folklore — Negroes (s) Refer from Negro suffrage Refer from Clubs; Gilds; Social settlements Refer from Municipal improvement; Social settlements Refer from Dualism; Hellenism; Mysticism; Philosophy; Platonists ; Theosophy Refer from Electrophysiology ; Nervous system Refer from. Anatomy; Brain; Electrophysi- ology ; Mind and body ; Nerves ; Neurology (s) ; Physiology; Psychology, Physiological; Spine; Temperament Refer from Diseases (s) ; Hysteria; Medicine — Practice; Mental diseases; Nervous dis- eases (s) ; Neuralgia; Neurasthenia; Neuro- pathology (s) Refer from Eastern churches; Sects Refer from Animals — Habitations; Birds; Birds' nests (s) ; Zoology Refer from Medicine system — Diseases Practice; Nervous 258 Neurasthenia See also Fatigue, Mental ; Nervous sys- tem — Diseases Neurology see Nervous system Neuropathology see Nervous system — Dis- eases Neuroptera See also Insects Neutrality See also Alabama claims; Blockade; Con- traband of war; International law; Search, Right of; Trent affair, 1861 New church see New Jerusalem church New Englanders in the West New France see Canada — History — To 1763 (New France) New Jerusalem church New nationalism see Nationalism, New New Testament see Bible — New Testament New thought New year New York artillery See also New York (state) — Militia New York cavalry See also New York (state) — Militia New York infantry See also New York (state) — Militia New York volunteer artillery see New York artillery New York volunteer cavalry see New York cavalry New York volunteer infantry see New York infantry Newsboys Newspaper clippings see Clippings Newspaper work see Journalism; Reporting Newspapers See also Advertising; Clippings; Editori- als; Journalism; Liberty of the press; Periodicals; Publicity; Reporting ^England See also Periodicals — England -U. S. See also Periodicals — U. S. Nicene creed Refer from Exhaustion (s) ; Fatigue, Mental; Medicine — Practice; Nervous exhaustion (s) ; Nervous prostration (s) ; Nervous system — Diseases Refer from Insects Refer from Blockade; Commerce; Contra- band of war ; International law ; Maritime law ; Prizes (international law); Search, Right of; War Refer from New England; Western states Refer from Church of the New Jerusalem (s) ; New church (s) ; Sects; Swedenborgianism (s) Refer from Ethics; Higher thought (new thought) (s) ; Mental healing; Mental hygiene; Metaphysics; Alind and body; Philosophy; Philosophy, Modern; Psychology; Spiritual life ; Suggestion Refer from Holidays Refer from Artillery; New York (state) — Militia; New York volunteer artillery (s) ; U. S. — Army; Volunteers (U. S. army) (s) Refer from Cavalry; New York (state) — Militia; New York volunteer cavalry (s) ; U. S. — Army; Volunteers (U. S. army ) (s) Refer from Infantry; New York (state) — Militia; New York volunteer infantry (s) ; U. S. — Army; Volunteers (U. S. army) (s) Refer from Boys; Child labor Refer from Communication; Journalism; Liberty of the press; Literature; Periodicals; Press (s) ; Yellow journalism (s) Refer from England — Newspapers (s) ; English literature; English newspapers (s) ; Periodicals — England Refer from American literature; American newspapers (s) ; Periodicals — U. S. ; U. S. — Newspapers (s) Refer from Catholic church — Catechisms and creeds; Church of England — Catechisms and creeds ; Creeds 259 Nickel See also Metals; Nickel steel Nickel steel S-y also Armor plate Nicknames See also Epithets; Pseudonyms Night See also Dew ; Dreams ; Nightmare ; Sleep ; Somnambulism Night schools see Evening and continuation schools Nightmare See also Dreams Nihilism See also .Anarchism and anarchists; Russia — Politics; Russia — Social conditions Nineteenth century See also English literature — History and criticism — 19th century; Europe — -His- tory — 1 789-; History, Modern Nitrification See also Soil bacteriology; Soil inoculation Nitrifying bacteria see Nitrification; Soil bacteriology Nitrogen See also Alkaloids; Nitrification Nitroglycerin See also Explosives Nobel prizes Nobility see Aristocracy; Heraldry; Peerage Noise See also Sound Nomads See also Bedouins ; Gipsies Nomenclature see Names; also under subject, e.g. Botany — Nomenclature; Medicine — Nomenclature ; Zoology — Nomenclature Nominations See also Caucus; Election laws; Elections; Political conventions; Primaries Noms de plume see Pseudonyms Nonconformists see Dissenters Nonjurors See also Church of England Nonresistance See also Friends, Society of; Peace Nonsense verse See also Limericks; Nursery rhymes Normal schools See also Teachers — Training Refer from Metals Refer from Armor plate; Nickel; Steel Refer from Epithets; Names, Personal; Pseudonyms; Sobriquets (s) ; Soubriquets (s) Refer from Days Refer from Dreams ; Incubus (s) ; Night; Sleep Refer from Anarchism and anarchists; Government; Philosophy; Russia; Secret societies Refer from Europe — History — 1789-; His- tory, Modern ; Progress Refer from Agricultural chemistry; Bacteri- ology, Agricultural; Fertilizers and manures; Nitrifying bacteria (s) ; Nitrogen; Soil bac- teriology; Soil inoculation; Soils Refer from Chemical elements; Gases Refer from Explosives Refer from Rewards (prizes, etc.) Refer from Municipal improvement; Nui- sances ; Sound Refer from Bedouins; Gipsies Refer from Caucus; Civil service; Direct nominations (s) ; Election laws; Elections; Elections — U. S. ; Government; Office, Nom- inations for (s) ; Political conventions ; Politics ; Primaries; Representative government and representation Refer from Church of England; Dissenters; England — History — Stuarts ; England — Religious history; Jacobites; I^uritans Refer from Peace Refer from Humor; Limericks; Nursery rhymes ; Poetry Refer from Education; Schools; Teachers; Teachers — Training 260 Norman conquest see England — History — Normans Normans See also England — History — Normans; Normandy; Northmen Norse literature see Icelandic literature; Scandinavian literature Norse mythology see Mythology, Norse Norsemen see Northmen North American Indians see Indians North pole See also Arctic regions Northeast boundary of the U. S. Northeast passage Sec also Arctic regions Northeastern boundary of the U. S. see North- east boundary of the U. S. Northern lights see Auroras Northern mythology see Mythology, Norse Northmen See also America — - Discovery and explo- ration — Pre-Columbian ; Iceland — His- tory; Normans; Norway — History; Sagas; Scandinavia — History Northwest, Canadian Northwest, New, see Northwestern states Northwest, Old, see Northwest Territory, U. S. Northwest boundary of the U. S. Northwest passage See also Arctic regions Northwest Territory, U. S. See also Illinois; Indiana; Michigan; Middle states; Ohio; Ordinance of 1787; Western Reserve; Wisconsin Northwestern boundary of the U. S. see North- west boundary of the U. S. Northwestern states See also Oregon trail ; Western states ; also names of states and regions Norwegian language See also Scandinavian languages Norwegian literature See also Danish literature; Scandinavian literature Norwegians in the U. S. See also Scandinavians in the U. S. Nose See also Catarrh; Respiratory organs; Smell Notaries .S';-(' also Acknowledgments; Affidavits Notation (mathematics) See also Decimal system Notation (music) see Music — Notation Novelists See also Authors Novels see Fiction Refer from England Northmen History — Normans ; Refer from Arctic regions; Earth; Polar regions (s) Refer from Boundaries; Northeastern boun- dary of the U. S. (s) ; U. S. — Boundaries Refer from Arctic regions; Discoveries and explorations Refer from America — Discovery and explo- ration — Pre-Columbian ; Iceland — History ; Middle ages — History; Normans; Norse- men (s) ; Norway — History; Scandinavia — History; Sea kings (s) ; Vikings (s) Refer jrom Canada; Canadian Northwest (s) Refer from Boundaries; Northwestern boun- dary of the U. S. (s) ; U. S. — Boundaries Refer from Arctic regions; Discoveries and explorations Refer from Middle states; Northwest, Old (s) ; Old Northwest (s) ; Ordinance of 1 787 ; U. S. — History; Western states Refer from Northwest, New (s) ; Western states Refer from Germanic languages; Scandi- navian languages Refer from Danish literature; Scandinavian literature Refer from Scandinavians in the U. S. ; U. S. — Foreign population Refer from Anatomy; Face; Head; Nasal passages (s) ; Respiratory organs; Smell Refer from Commercial law; Law Refer from Arithmetic; Mathematical nota- tion (s) ; Mathematics Refer from Authors; Fiction 261 Nucleation, Atmospheric, see Atmospheric nucleation Nude in art See also Art and morals Nuisances See also Noise; Smoke Nullification See also Kentucky and Virginia resolu- tions, 1798; State rights Numbers [theory of] See also Arithmetic; Groups, Theory of; Magic squares; Numerals Numerals [the signs and words] See also Numbers Numismatics See also Bible — Numismatics; Coinage; Medals; Money; Seals (numismatics) Nunneries see Convents and nunneries Nuns See also Carmelites; Convents and nun- neries; Religious orders; Sisterhoods; Sis- ters of charity; Ursulines Nurseries (horticulture) See also Forest nurseries Nurseries, Day, see Creches Nursery rhymes See also Children's poetry; Counting out; Nonsense verse Nurses and nursing See also Children — Care and hygiene; Cookery for the sick; Diet; First aid in ill Refer from Art; Art and morals; Human figure in art (s) Refer from Hygiene, Public; Law Refer from Government; State rights; U. S. — Politics Refer from Algebra; Arithmetic; Mathemat- ics ; Numerals Refer from Arabic numerals (s) ; Arithmetic; Mathematics; Numbers Refer from Archaeology; Art; Coins (s) ; History; History, Ancient; Medals; Money; Seals (numismatics) Refer frovi Convents and nunneries; Monas- ticism; Religious orders; Sisterhoods; Women Refer from Fruit culture; Gardening Refer from Children's poetry; Children's songs; Folklore; Nonsense verse; Poetry of childhood (s) Refer from Charities; Children — Care and hygiene; District nurses (s) ; Hospitals; ness and injury; Hospitals; Invalids; Red Hygiene; Invalids; Medicine; Medicine cross; School nurses; Sisters of charity Nutation See also Astronomy, Spherical and prac- tical Nutrition See also Absorption (physiology); Diet; Digestion; Food; Metabolism Nutrition of plants see Plants — ■ Chemistry and nutrition Nuts Nuts (machinery) see Bolts and nuts Oak trees see Oaks Oaks Oarsmanship see Rowing Oases See also Deserts Oaths See also Perjury; Swearing Oats See also Grain Obedience Obelisks See also Egypt — Anticjuities Oberammergau passion play Obesity see Corpulence Practice; Therapeutics; Trained nurses (s) ; Women Refer from Astronomy; Astronomy, Spheri- cal and practical; Earth; Latitude and longi- tude Refer from Assimilation (s) ; Diet; Digestion; Food; Metabolism; Physiology Refer from Food; Fruit; Trees Refer from Oak trees (s) ; Trees Refer from Deserts Refer from Ethics; Government; Perjury; Swearing Refer from Feeding and feeding stuffs; Grain Refer from Conduct of life; Ethics Refer from Archaeology; Architecture; Egypt — Antiquities; Monuments Refer from Passion plays 262 Obituaries See also Epitaphs; Funeral sermons; In- scriptions Object teaching See also Kindergarten; Nature study; Observation ; Quincy system Observation Observations, Magnetic, see Magnetism, Ter- restrial — Observations Observations, Aleteorological, see Meteorology — • Observations Observatories, Astronomical, see Astronomical observatories Observatories, Meteorological, see Meteoro- logical observatories Obstetrics Occult sciences See also Alchemy; Astrology; Cabala; Crystal gazing; Demonology; Divination; Alagic; Oracles; Psychical research; Second sight; Spiritualism; Theosophy; Witchcraft Occultations See also Astronomy; Astronomy, Spherical and practical Occupational diseases see Occupations — Diseases and hygiene Occupations See also Business; Handicraft; Profession, Choice of; Professions; Vocational educa- tion; Women — Occupations; also names of occupations Dangerous See also Accidents ; Employers' liability ; Mine accidents; Negligence; Occupations ■ — -Diseases and hygiene; Railroads — Ac- cidents ; Safety devices Diseases and hygiene See also Caisson disease; Dust; Lead poisoning; Military hygiene; Naval hy- giene; Occupations, Dangerous; School hygiene Ocean See also Algae ; Coast changes ; Commerce ; Dredging; Hydrography; Icebergs; Marine biology ; Marine zoology ; Navigation ; Ocean currents; Ocean travel; Phosphorescence; Physical geography; Sailors; Sea food; Sea level; Sea stories; Sea walls; Sea water; Seashore; Seasickness; Ships; Shipwrecks; Sounding and soundings; Tides; Voyages and travels; Waves; also headings beginning Marine and Naval Ocean currents Ocean life see Marine biology ; Seafaring life Ocean travel Sre also Sailors; Seasickness; Steamboats; Steerage; Tra\cl; Voyages and travels Oceanic languages See also Philippine languages; Polynesian languages Refer from Biography; Death notices (s) ; Epitaphs; Funeral sermons; Inscriptions; Necrologies (s) Refer from Education; Education, Elemen- tary; Kindergarten; Nature study; Quincy system ; Teaching Refer from Attention; Object teaching; Psychology; Psychology, Educational Refer from Medicine — Practice; Mid- wifery (s) ; Women — Diseases Refer from Alchemy; Astrology; Cabala; Demonology; Devil worship; Divination; Hermetic art (s) ; Magic; Psychical research; Science; Superstition; Witchcraft Refer from Astronomy; Astronomy, Spheri- cal and practical; Eclipses; Moon; Planets Refer fro )n Business; Handicraft; Labor and laboring classes; Profession, Choice of; Pro- fessions; Success; Trades (s) ; Vocations (s) Refer from Accidents; Dangerous occupa- tions (s) ; Employers' liability ; Industrial arts ; Injurious occupations (s) ; Occupations — Diseases and hygiene Refer from Diseases (s) ; Hygiene; Hygiene, Industrial (s) ; Hygiene, Public; Hygiene of employment (s) ; Industrial diseases (s) ; Indus- trial hygiene (s) ; Occupational diseases (s) ; Occupations, Dangerous Refer from Dredging; Earth; Hydrography; Marine zoology; Meteorology; Natural his- tory; Navigation; Oceanography (s) ; Physical geography; Sea (s) ; Seashore; Thalassogra- phy (s) ; Tides; Water Refer from Currents (s) ; Hydrography; Ocean Refer from Navigation; Ocean; Steamboats; Travel; Voyages and travels Refer from Language; Philippine languages; Polynesian languages 263 Oceanography see Hydrograph}' ; Ocean Octateuch see Bible — Old Testament — Oc- tateuch Odd Fellows Odes See also Lyric poetry Odontology see Teeth Odors See also Incense; Perfumery; Smell Oecology see Ecology Office, Nominations for, see Nominations Office, Tenure of, see Civil service Office supplies See also Card system in business ; Cash registers Official publications see Go\-ernment publica- tions Oil see Essences and essential oils; Oils and fats ; Petroleum Oil engines see Gas and oil engines Oil painting See also Painting Oil wells see Petroleum Oils, Essential, see Essences and essential oils Oils and fats See also Chemistry, Technical ; Essences and essential oils ; Lubrication and lubri- cants; Petroleum Old age See also Age; Age limit of employment; Homes for the aged; Longevity; Old age pensions Old age Ifomes see Homes for the aged Old age pensions See also Civil service pensions Old English language see Anglo-Saxon lan- guage; English language — Middle English Old English literature see Anglo-Saxon litera- ture; English literature — History and crit- icism — Middle English Old ladies' homes see Homes for the aged Old maids see Spinsters Old Northwest see Northwest Territory, U. S. Old Saxon language See also Germanic languages ; Low German language Old Testament see Bible — Old Testament Oleomargarine Oligarchy Olympic games Omens See also Astrology; Divination; Oracles Omnibuses Onomatopoeia Ontology jf^ Being; Metaphysics; Philosophy Oology see Birds' eggs Refer from Benefit societies; Independent order of Odd Fellows (s) ; Secret societies Refer from L)-ric poetry; Poetry Rejer from Flowers; Perfumes (sj ; Scent (sj Refer from Business Refer from Painting Refer from Animal fats (s) ; Animal oils (s) ; Animal products; Chemistry, Technical; Coal- tar products; Fat (s) ; Fats (s) ; Grease (s) ; Lubrication and lubricants; Mineral oils (s) ; Oil (s) ; Vegetable oils (s) Refer from Age; Aged (s) ; Aged poor (s) ; Longevity Refer from Aged poor (s) ; Insurance, State and compulsory; Labor and laboring classes; Old age; Pensions; Poor; Thrift Refer from Germanic languages; Low Ger- man language; Saxon language (s) Refer from Butter; Dairy products; Food adulteration and inspection Refer from Aristocracy; Government Refer from Athletics; Games; Greece — Social life and customs; Sports Refer from Di\'ination; Portents (s) ; Pres- ages (s) ; Signs (omens) (s) ; Superstition ; Warnings (s) Refer from Carriages; Carriers; Coaches and coaching; Transportation; Vehicles Refer from Language; Rhetoric 264 open-air schools Open and closed shop See also Labor unions Open shop see Open and closed shop Opera See also Operettas; Overtures Librettos Scores Opera houses see Theaters Operations, Surgical, see Surgery Operettas See also Opera Ophidia see Snakes Ophthalmia See also Eye — Diseases and defects Ophthalmology see Eye Opinion see Belief; Public opinion Opium See also Morphine; Narcotic habit; Narcotics Opportunity See also Success Optical chemistry see Photochemistry Optical illusions See also Mirage Optical instruments See also Astronomical instruments; Ka- leidoscope; Lenses; Microscope and micros- copy; Polariscope; Reflection (light); Spec- tacles; Spectroscope; Stereopticon ; Stereo- scope ; Telescope Optical interference see Interference (light) Optics see Light Optics, Physiological, see Eye; Optical instru- ments ; Sight Optimism See also Cheerfulness; Pessimism Oracles Oral arithmetic see Arithmetic Orange See also Fruit Orangemen Oranges see Orange Orations See also After-dinner speeches; Oratory -American See also Fourth of July orations -English Refer from Education; Forest schools (s) ; Fresh air schools (s) ; Hygiene; Outdoor schools (s) ; Public schools; School hygiene; Schools; Tuberculosis Refer from Closed shop (s) ; Labor and laboring classes ; Labor unions ; Open shop (s) ; Strikes and lockouts; Union shop (s) Refer from Amusements; Drama; Dramatic music (s) ; Grand opera (s) ; Music ; Operettas ; Theater Refer from Librettos (s) Refer from Music — Scores Refer from Comic operas (s) ; Dramatic music (s) ; Light operas (s) ; Opera Refer from Eye — Diseases and defects Refer from Agricultural products; Agricul- ture — Tropics; Morphine; Narcotic habit; Narcotics; Temperance Refer from Conduct of life; Success Refer from Illusions and hallucinations; Light ; Sight Refer from Aberration; Glass manufacture; Instruments; Light; Optics, Physiological (s) ; Reflection (light); Scientific apparatus and instruments Refer from Cheerfulness; Happiness; Pes- simism; Philosophy Refer from Mysteries (religious); Occult sciences; Omens; Prophecies; Religion; Super- stition Refer from Fruit; Oranges (s) Refer from Ireland — Politics; Ireland Religious history Refer from Addresses (s) ; Declamation (s) ; Literature; Oratory; Recitations and readings; Speeches (s) Refer from American literature; American orations (s) Refer from Englisii literature; English orations (s) 265 Oratorios See also Cantatas Orators Oratory See also Debating; Elocution; Eloquence; Gesture; Lectures and lecturing; Orations; Orators; Preaching; Rhetoric; Voice Orbits See also Mechanics, Celestial; Perturba- tion Orchard heating see Frost protection Orchards see Fruit; Fruit culture Orchestral music See also Instrumental music; Instrumen- tation and orchestration; 0\'ertures; Sym- phonies Orchestras See also Bands (music) ; Conducting (mu- sic) ; Orchestral music; Stringed instruments Orchestration see Instrumentation and orches- tration Orchids See also Floriculture Ordeals See also Fire walk Order of Malta see Malta, Knights of Order of St. George (English) see Garter, Order of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem see Malta, Knights of Order of the Garter see Garter, Order of the Order of Teutonic knights see Teutonic knights Order of the Rosy cross see Rosicrucians Order of the Temple see Templars; also Free- masons — • Templars Orders, Architectural, see Orders of architec- ture Orders, Monastic, see Monasticism Orders, Religious, see Religious orders Orders of architecture See also Architecture, Greek; Columns Orders of knighthood see Knights and knight- hood Ordinance of 1787 See also Northwest Territory; U. S. — History — 1783-1812 Ordination See also Clergy Ordnance See also Ammunition ; Arsenals ; Artillery ; Ballistics; Firearms; Gunnery; Gunpowder; Guns ; Military art and science ; Naval guns ; Projectiles Ordovician period see Geology, Stratigraphic — Ordovician ; Paleontology — Ordovician Ore deposits See also Geology, Economic; Iron ores; Mines and mineral resources; Ores Ore dressing see Ore treatment Refer from Church music; Music; Sacred music (s) Refer from Biography; Oratory; Speakers (s) Refer from Debating; Elocution; Eloquence; Lectures and lecturing; Orations; Preaching; Public speaking (s) ; Rhetoric; Speaking (s) ; Speeches (s) ; Voice Refer from Astronomy; Mechanics, Celestial; Perturbation; Planets Refer from Instrumental music; Music; Music — Scores ; Musical instruments ; Orches- tras ; Symphonies Refer from Bands (music) ; Conducting (music); Instrumental music; Music Refer from Floriculture; Flowers Refer from Criminal law; Manners and customs ; Trials Refer from Architecture; Architecture, Greek; Columns; Orders, Architectural (s) Refer from Northwest Territory; U. S. — History — 1783-1812 Refer from Bishops; Church polity; Clergy; Episcopacy; Priests; Rites and ceremonies; Sacraments Refer from Ammunition; Arms and armor; Artillery; Ballistics; Cannon (s) ; Firearms; Gunnery; Guns; Military art and science; Projectiles Refer from Geology; Geology, Economic; Metals; Mineral lands (s); Mines and mineral resources ; Ores 266 Ore treatment See also Cyanide process ; Electrometal- lurgy; Magnetic separation of ores; Metal- lurgy ; Smelting Oregon trail Ores See also Assaying ; Geochemistry ; Geology, Economic; Iron ores; Metallurgy; Metals; Mineralogy; Alines and mineral resources; Ore deposits; Ore treatment; also names of metals Organ See also Musical instruments; Organ music; Organists; Reed organ Organ music See also Church music Organic chemistry see Chemistry, Organic Organists See also Alusicians Organized charity see Charity organization Organized labor see Labor unions Organography j-f^ Anatomy ; Botany, Structur- al ; Morphology Organotherapy See also Serum therapy Organs see Organ Orient see East Oriental architecture see Architecture, Oriental Oriental civilization see Civilization, Oriental Oriental languages See also Armenian language; Chinese lan- guage; Dravidian languages; Indo-Aryan languages; Iranian languages; Japanese language; Semitic languages; Tamil lan- guage and literature Oriental literature See also Arabic literature; Assyro-Baby- lonian literature ; Chinese literature ; Hebrew literature; Hindu literature; Japanese litera- ture; Persian literature; Sanskrit literature; Tamil language and literature Oriental philosophy see Philosophy, Oriental Orientation Orientation (architecture) Origin of life see Life — Origin Origin of man see Man — Origin and antiquity Origin of species see Evolution; Species Original sin see Sin Oriskany formation see Geology, Stratigraphic — Devonian ; Paleontology — Devonian Ornament see Decoration and ornament Ornamental alphabets see Illumination of manuscripts and books; Lettering Ornamental design see Design, Decorative Ornithologists See also Naturalists Ornithology see Birds Orology see Mountains Orphan asylums see Orphans and orphan asylums Refer from Metallurgy; Ore dressing (s) ; Ores ; Smelting Refer front Indian trails; Roads — ■ U. S. ; Northwestern states; Trails (s) ; Western states Refer from Assaying; Geochemistry; Geol- ogy, Economic; Metallurgy; Metals; Mineral- ogy; Minerals (s) ; IMines and mineral resour- ces ; Ore deposits Refer from Musical instruments; Organs (s) ; Pipe organ (s) Refer from Church music; Instrumental music; Music — Scores ; Organ Refer from Alusicians ; Organ Refer from Therapeutics Refer from Armenian language; Asiatic languages (s) ; Chinese language; Dravidian languages; Indo-Aryan languages; Iranian languages; Japanese language; Language; Semitic languages Refer from Arabic literature; Asia — Lit- erature (s) ; Asiatic literature (s) ; Assyro- Babylonian literature; Chinese literature; Hebrew literature; Hindu literature; Japanese literature; Literature ; Persian literature; San- skrit literature; Tamil language and literature Refer from Animals — Habits and behavior; Animals — Orientation (s) ; Direction, Sense of (s) ; Instinct ^f/^r/rom Architecture; Church arcliitecture Refer from Naturalists; Scientists; Zoologists 267 Orphans and orphan asylums See also Adoption; Charity schools; Children — Charities, protection, etc. ; Foundlings Orthodox eastern church see Greek church Orthodoxy See also Calvinism; Congregationalism Orthoepy see Phonetics; Pronunciation Orthographic projection see Projection Orthography see Spelling Orthopedics see Deformities Orthoptera See also Insects; Locusts Osmosis See also Absorption (physiology) ; Chem- istry, Physical; Solution (chemistry) Osteology see Bones Osteopathy See also Mechanotherapy Ostriches See also Birds Ostrogoths see Goths Otology see Ear Outdoor life See also Camping ; Country life ; Farm life ; Fishing; House boats; Hunting; Mountain- eering; Natural history; Nature; Picnics; Sports; Vacations; Walking; Wayfaring life Outdoor relief See also Charities Outdoor schools see Open-air schools Outlaws See ajso Brigands and robbers; Crime and criminals Ovens See also Baking; Stoves Overland journeys to the Pacific [for p re-rail- road journeys only] See also Frontier and pioneer life; Western states Overpressure (education) See also Curriculum; Overwork Overtures Overwork See also Fatigue; Overpressure (educa- tion) ; Rest Ownership see Property Ox see Oxen Oxen See also Cattle; Live stock Oxford movement Oxygen Oysters See also Bivalves; Pearls Ozone Pacific cable see Cables, Submarine Refer from Asylums; Charities; Charity schools; Children; Children — Charities, pro- tection, etc.; Foundlings; Homes (institu- tions) (s) ; Orphan asylums (s) Refer from Calvinism; Congregationalism; Theology Refer from Insects; Locusts Refer from Absorption (physiology); Cells; Chemistry, Physical; Fluids; Physics; Physi- ological chemistry; Solution (chemistry) Refer from Mechanotherapy; Therapeutics Refer from Birds Refer from Camping; Country life ; Natural history; Nature; Rural life (s) ; Sports; Vaca- tions; Wayfaring life Refer from Charities; Relief work (s) Refer from Brigands and robbers; Crime and criminals Refer from Baking; Cookery; Stoves Refer from Frontier and pioneer life; Trans- continental journeys, U. S. (s) ; U. S. — De- scription and travel; Western states Refer from Curriculum; Education; Fatigue, Mental; Overwork; School hygiene; School management Refer from Instrumental music; Music; Opera; Orchestral music Refer from Fatigue; Hygiene; Overpressure (education) ; Work Refer from Cattle; Live stock; Ox (s) Refer from Catholic church; Church of I'-ng- land ; Puseyism (s) ; Tractarianism (s) Refer from Chemical elements; Gases Refer from Bivalves; Food; Mollusks; Sea food Refer from Air; Gases 268 Pacific coast .S'(V also Pacific states Pacific states See also Frontier and pioneer life; Pacific coast; Western states; also names of states Pacing see Horse; Horse racing Pack transportation Packing for shipment Packing houses See also Packing industry Packing industry See also Beef; Meat; Meat inspection; Packing houses; Slaughtering and slaughter- houses Padrone system See also Contract labor Pagan civilization see Civilization, Pagan Paganism See also Idolatry; Mythology Pageants See also Coronations; Festi\-als; Play festivals; Processions Pain See also Anesthetics; Pleasure; Suffering; Vivisection Paint See also Chemistry, Technical; Color; Corrosion and anti-corrosives ; Painting Painted glass see Stained glass Painters See al'so Artists Painting See also Anatomy, Artistic; Animal paint- ing and illustration; Art; China painting; Christian art and symbolism; Color; Com- position (art); Decoration and ornament; Drawing; Esthetics; Figure painting; Flower painting and drawing; Frescoes; Idealism in art; Illumination of manuscripts and books; Impressionism (art); Landscape painting; Marine painting; Miniature paint- ing; Mural painting and decoration; Natur- alism in art; Oil painting; Paint; Painters; Painting, Mechanical; Paintings; Pastel; Perspective; Portrait painting; Prera- phaelitism ; Proportion (art) ; Realism in art ; Scene painting; Sepia painting; Stained glass; Stencil work; Water color painting Italian M echanical See also Carriage painting; Color; Gild- ing; Graining; House painting; Lettering; Marbling; Paint; Sign painting; Stains and staining; Varnish and varnishing; Wood finishing Paintings See also Art — Exhibitions; Art — Gal- leries and museums; Art forgeries; Madon- nas; Painting: Pictures; Portraits Paints see Paint Refer from Pacific states Refer from Pacific coast; Western states Refer from Horse; Transportation Refer from Baggage; Commerce; Transpor- tation Refer from Architecture; Packing industry Refer from Beef; Canned food (s) ; Food sup- ply; Meat; Packing houses; Slaughtering and slaughterhouses Refer from Contract labor; Italians in the U. S. ; Labor and laboring classes Refer from Heathenism (s) ; Idolatry; Religion Refer from Acting; Amusements; Drama; Entertainments; Festivals; Processions Refer from Diagnosis; Emotions; Pleasure; Psychology, Physiological ; Senses and sensa- tion ; Suffering Refer from Chemistry, Technical; Corrosion and anti-corrosives; Painting; Painting, Me- chanical; Paints (s) ; Pigments (s) Refer from Artists; Painting; Portrait painters (s) Refer from Archaeology; Art; Color; Com- position (art); Decoration and ornament; Drawing; Esthetics; Figure painting; Graphic arts (s) ; Landscape painting; Marine painting; Oil painting; Paint; Paintings; Sketching (s); Water color painting Refer from Italian painting (s) Refer from Carriage painting; Graining; House painting; Industrial arts; Mechanical painting (s) ; Painting; Sign painting; Varnish and varnishing; Wood finishing Refer from Art — Galleries and museums; Painting; Pictures 269 Palaces See also Architecture; Castles; also names of palaces, e.g. Alhambra, Louvre, Versailles (palace), Windsor castle Palaeontology see Paleontology Paleobotany see Fossil plants Paleography See also Abbreviations; Alphabet; Books; Charters; Illumination of manuscripts and books; Inscriptions; Manuscripts; Writing Paleolithic period see Stone age Paleontology [subdivided like Geology, Strati- graphic] See also Animals, Extinct; Footprints, Fossil; Fossil plants; Geology; also names of fossil animals, e.g. Alammoths, Trilobites ; and subhead Fossil under names of animals and classes of animals, e.g. Birds, Fossil; Insects, Fossil; Invertebrates, Fossil; Mol- lusks. Fossil; Reptiles, Fossil U. S. See also Geology — U. S. Paleozoic era see Geology, Stratigraphic — Paleozoic; Paleontology — Paleozoic Palmistry Palsy see Paralysis Panama canal See also Canal Zone; Ship canals Panics See also Business depression; Speculation; Unemployed Panislamism Panoramas See also Cycloramas Panslavism Pantheism See also God; Monism; Vedanta Pantomime See also Amateur theatricals; Ballet; Gesture ; Puppet plays ; Shadow pantomimes Papacy see Catholic church; Popes Papal bulls see Bulls, Papal Papal schism see Schism, The great western, 1378-1417 Paper See also Cellulose; Marbling; Paper work; Papier-mache; Papyrus; Parchment; Sta- tionery; Wall paper; Wood pulp Paper cutting see Paper work Paper flowers Paper hanging see Wall paper Refer from Architecture Refer from Alphabet; Archives; Diplomat- ics (s) ; Illumination of manuscripts and books; Inscriptions; Manuscripts; Writing Refer from Animals, Extinct; Animals, Fossil (s) ; Extinct animals (s) ; Fossil plants; Fossils (s) ; Geology; Geology, Stratigraphic; IVIammoths; Man; Natural history; Palaeon- tology (s) ; Petrifaction (s) ; Science; Zoology Refer from Geology — U. Paleontology (s) U. S. — Refer from Amusements; Character; Charac- ter reading (s) ; Cheirognomy (s) ; Cheiroman- cy (s) ; Cheirosophy (s) ; Chirognomy (s) ; Chiromancy (s) ; Chirosophy (s) ; Divination; Fortune telling; Hand; Superstition Refer from Canal Zone; Canals; Isthmian canal (s) ; Ship canals Refer from Business; Business depression; Commerce; Commercial crises (s) ; Crises, Commercial (s) ; Economics; Finance; Finan- cial crises (s) ; Hard times (s) ; Prices; Pros- perity; Speculation; Stock exchange Refer from Eastern question (Near East) ; Mohammedanism Refer from Cycloramas; Entertainments; Pictures Refer from Eastern question (Near East) ; Europe — Politics; Russia; Slavs Refer from God; Monism; Philosophy; Religion; Skepticism; Theology Refer from Acting; Amateur theatricals; Amusements ; Ballet ; Drama ; Entertainments ; Gesture; Sign language; Theater Refer from Cellulose; Chemistry, Technical; Manufactures; Parchment; Printing; Sta- tionery; Wood pulp; Writing Refer from Artificial flowers; Paper work Flowers ; 270 Paper money See also Bank notes; Banks and banking; Finance; Greenbacks; Legal tender; Money Paper work [for children] See also Paper flowers Papier-mache Pap}-ri see Manuscripts Papyrus Parables See also Allegories ; Bible — New Testa- ment — Gospels; Fables; Jesus Christ — Teaching Paradise see Eden; Heaven Parallax See also Astronomy; Astronomy, Spherical and practical Paralysis See also Apoplexy Paramagnetism see Magnetism Parasites See also Bacteriology; Fungi; Hook orm disease; Insects, Injurious and beneficial Parcels post See also Library post Parchment See also Paper Pardon Parental schools See also Truant schools Parents See also Ancestor worship; Children; Domestic relations; Eugenics; Family; Fathers; Home education; Heredity; Moth- ers Parish schools see Church schools Parks See also Amusement parks; Botanical gardens; Commons; Landscape gardening; Municipal improvement; National parks and reserves; Playgrounds; Zoological gardens; also names of cities, subhead Parks Parliament see England — Parliament; also names of other countries Parliamentary practice See also Amendments (parliamentary practice); Committees; Legislative bodies Parochial schools see Church scliools Parodies See also Burlesques Parole See also Discharged prisoners; Probation sj'stcm Refer from Bank notes; Bills of credit (s) ; Bills of exchange (s) ; Fiat money (s) ; Green- backs; Legal tender; Money Refer from Busy work; Kindergarten; Paper; Paper cutting (s) ; Manual training Refer from Paper Refer fro m Paper Refer from Allegories; Bible; Bible — New Testament — Gospels ; Fables ; Jesus Christ — Teaching Refer from Astronomy; Astronomy, Spherical and practical; Heliometer; Solar parallax (s) ; Stars; Stellar parallax (s) ; Sun Refer from Brain; Hemiplegia (s) ; Medicine — Practice; Palsy (s) Refer from Animal parasites (s) ; Animals — Diseases; Biology; Botany; Entozoa (s) ; Epizoa (s) ; Ilelminthology (s) ; Insects, In- jurious and beneficial; Medicine — Practice; Pathology; Plants — Diseases; Worms; Zo- ology Refer from Express companies; Library post; Postal service Refer from Manuscripts; Paper Refer from Crime and criminals; Executive power; Law Refer from Juvenile delinquency; Schools; Truant schools Refer from Children; Domestic relations; Family; Fathers; Mothers Refer from Botanical gardens; Cities; Com- mons; Land; Landscape gardening ; Municipal improvement; Plaj-grounds Refer from Amendments (parliamentary practice); Committees; Debating; Law; Legis- lation; Legislative bodies; Rules of order (s) Refer from American literature; Burlesques; English literature; German literature; Humor; Literature; Poetry; Satire Refer from Crime and criminals; Discharged prisoners; Indeterminate sentence; Prisons; Probation system; Punishment 271 Parrots SfV also Birds Parsees See also Avesta ; Fire worship; Zoroastri- anism Parsis see Parsees Parsons see Clergy Part songs see Choruses and part songs Parthenogenesis Parties see Balls (parties); Children's parties; Entertaining Parties, Political, see Political parties Partnership See also Agency; Bankruptcy; Commer- cial law; Corporations; Joint-stock com- panies; Trade-marks Party government see Political parties Party platforms see Platforms, Political Passenger coaches see Cars Passes (free transportation) Passion plays See also Aliracle, morality and mystery plays; Oberammergau passion play Passions see Emotions Passover See also Jews — Religion; Lord's supper Passports Paste See also Adhesives; Glue Pastel Pasteurism Pastimes- .v^? Amusements; Games; Sports Pastoral poetry See also Nature in poetry Pastoral theology see Clergy; Pastoral work Pastoral work See also Clergy; Preaching Pastors see Clergy; Pastoral work; Preachers; Priests Pastry See also Baking; Cookery Pastures and meadows See also Forage plants; Grasses; Grazing; Hay Patent medicines see Medicines, Proprietary Patents See also Inventions; Trade-marks Paternalism See also Despotism; Government owner- ship; Government regulation of industry; Socialism Pathological botany s:e Plants — Diseases Refer from Birds Refer from Avesta; Fire worship; India — Religion; Parsis (s) ; Religions; Zoroastrianism Refer from Biology; Embryology; Repro- duction Refer from Commerce; Commercial law; Contracts; Joint-stock companies; Law Refer froyn Railroad passes (s) ; Railroads; Railroads — Passes (s) ; Railroads — Rates Refer from Drama ; Aliracle, morality and mystery plays; Theater Refer from Jews; Jews — -Religion; Lord's supper Refer from International law; Travel Refer from Adhesives; Glue Refer from Art; Crayon drawing; Drawing; Painting Refer from Hydrophobia; Inoculation Refer from Bucolic poetry (s) ; Country life; Eclogues (s) ; Nature in poetry; Poetry; Rural poetry (s) Refer from Church work; Clergy; Pastoral theology (s) ; Pastors (s) ; Theology, Pastor- al (s) Refer from Baking; Cooker}-; Pies (s) Refer from Agriculture; Forage plants; Grasses; Grazing; Hay; Meadows (s) ; Rota- tion of crops Refer from Discoveries (in science) (s) ; Industrial arts; Intellectual property (s) ; Inventions; Law; Letters patent (s) ; Ma- chinery; Manufactures; Property, Intellect- ual (s) ; Trade-marks Refer from Despotism; Government; Gov- ernment regulation of industry ; Socialism Pathological chemistry see Physiological chem- istry Pathological psychology see IMental diseases Pathology See also Abscess; Autopsy; Bacteriology; Blood; Contagion and contagious diseases; Diagnosis; Fever; Germ theory of disease; Hair; Hemorrhage; Histology; Hygiene; Immunity; Inflammation; Longevity; Ma- laria; Medical geography; Medicine; Medi- cine — Practice; Parasites; Physiological chemistry; Ptomaines; Suppuration; Tem- perament; Therapeutics; Toxins; Tumors Vegetable, see Plants — Diseases Patience Patience (game) see Solitaire Patriarchal government see Patriarchy Patriarchs See also Bible — Old Testament — Gene- sis Patriarchy See also Tribes and tribal system Patriotic societies See also U. S. — History — Revolution — Societies; U. S. — History — Civil war — Societies Patriotic songs see National songs; War songs Patriotism See also Citizenship; Loyalty; Preserva- tion of landmarks, scenery, etc. Patriots' day Patristics ^^f Fathers of the church Patrology see Fathers of the church Patrons of husbandry see Grange Pattern making See also Foundry work; Mechanical drawing Pauline epistles see Bible — New Testament — ■ Epistles Pauperism see Poor Pavements See also Asphalt; Bricks; Concrete; Mosaics; Roads; Roads, Macadamized; Sidewalks; Streets Paving see Pavements Pawnbroking See also Bailments Pawnshops see Pawnbroking Peace See also Arbitration, International; Dis- armament; International relations; Mili- tarism; Nonrcsistance; War Peach See also Fruit Pear See also Fruit Pearls Pears see Pear R'-fer from Diagnosis; Disease (s) ; H\-giene ; Medicine; Physiology; Therapeutics Refer from Conduct of life; Ethics Refer from Bible; Bible — -Old Testament — Biograpliy; Bible — -Old Testament — -Gene- sis ; Jews Refer from. Family; Government; Patriarcli- al government (sj ; Tribes and tribal system Refer from Societies; L^. S. — -History — Revolution — Societies ; U. S. — ■ History — Civil war — Societies Refer from Citizenship; Conduct of life; Ethics; Government; Loyalty; Political ethics ; Public spirit (s) Refer from Holidays Refer from Foundry work; Machine shop practice; Machinery; Alechanical drawing; Metals Refer from Asphalt; Bricks; Cement; Con- crete; Floors; Municipal engineering; Munic- ipal improvement; Paving (s) ; Roads; Side- walks ; Streets Refer from Bailments; Banks and banking; Commerce; Pawnshops (s) Rejer from Arbitration, International; Dis- armament; Ethics; International law; Inter- national relations; Militarism; Nonrcsistance; Sociology; War Refer from Fruit Refer from Fruit; Pears (s) Refer from Diving; Jewelry; Oysters; Precious stones Mollusks ; 273 Peasantry See also Farm labor; Peasants' war; Villeinage Peasants' war, 1524-1525 See also Anabaptists; Germany — ■ His- tory — 15 17-1740 ; Reformation — Germa- ny Peat See also Briquets; Geology, Economic Pedagogy see Teaching Peddlers and peddling See also Salesmanship; Street cries Pedestrianism see Walking Pediatrics see Children — Care and hygiene; Children — Diseases Pedigrees see Genealogy; Heraldry; Horse Peerage See also Aristocracy; Heraldry; Knights and knighthood; Titles of honor and nobility Pelagianism See also Church history — Early church Pelagic fauna see Marine zoology Pellagra Peloponnesian war See also Greece — History Pen and ink drawing see Pen drawing Pen drawing Penal coties see Criminal law Penal colonies See also Exile; Siberia — • Exiles Penal institutions see Penal colonies; Prisons; Reformatories Penal law see Criminal law Penance See also Absolution; Church discipline; Confession; P'asting; Pilgrimages; Repent- ance Pendulum See also Earth Rotation; Gravitation Peninsular campaign, 1862 See also Army of the Potomac ; U. S. — History — Civil war Peninsular war, 1807-1814 See also Europe — History — 1789-; Napoleonic wars; Spain — History — 1700- Penitence see Repentance Pcnitentes see I*'lagcllants Penitentiaries see Prisons Refer from Agriculture; Country life; Farm labor; Feudalism; Labor and laboring classes Refer from Anabaptists; Germany — His- tory — 1517-1740; Peasantry; Reformation — Germany Refer from Bog fuel (s) ; Fertilizers and man- ures; Fuel; Geology, Economic; Physical geography Refer from Business; Commercial travelers; Hucksters (s) ; Merchants; Street cries Refer from Aristocracy; Baronage (s) ; Baronetage (s) ; Biography; Class distinction; Genealogy; Heraldry; Knightage (s) ; Knights and knighthood; Nobility (s) ; Titles of honor and nobility Refer from Church history — Early church; Theology Refer from Medicine — Practice; Skin — Diseases Refer from Greece — History Refer from Drawing; Pen and ink drawing (s) Refer from Banishment (s) ; Colonies and colonization; Convicts (s) ; Crime and crim- inals; Deportation (s) ; Exile ; Exportation (s) ; Labor colonies (s) ; Penal institutions (s) ; Prisons; Punishment; Transportation of crim- inals (s) Refer from Absolution; Catholic church; Church discipline; Church polity; Confession; Pilgrimages; Repentance; Sacraments; The- ology Refer from Clocks and watches; Geodesy; Gravitation; Physics; Timekeepers Refer from Army of the Potomac; U. S. — History — Civil war — Campaigns and battles Refer from England — History — 1714- 1837; Europe — History — 1789-; France —- History — Consulate and empire; Napoleonic wars; Portugal — History; Spain — History — 1700- 274 Penmanship SV:? fl/j-o Graphology; Lettering; Writing Refer from Business education; Calligra- phy (s) ; Chirography (s) ; Graphology; Hand- writing (s) ; Writing Pennsylvania Dutch see Germans in Pennsyl- vania Pennsylvania Germans see Germans in Penn- sylvania Penny lunches see School lunches Penology see Punishment Pens Refer from Manufactures; Writing Pensions See also Annuities; Bounties, Military; Refer from Annuities; Compensation (s) ; Civil service pensions; Old age pensions; Poor ; Soldiers Railroads — Pensions; Soldiers' homes; Teachers — Salaries, pensions, etc. U. S. Refer from U. S. — Pensions (s) Pentateuch see Bible — Old Testament — Pen- tateuch Peonage See also Contract labor Refer from Contract labor; Labor an J labor- ing classes; Serfdom; Slavery People See also Democracy; Folklore; Labor and Refer from Sociology laboring classes; Liberty; Nations; Poor; Public opinion; Sociology People's palaces see Social centers Pequot war, 1636-1638 See also Connecticut — History; Indians Refer from Connecticut — History; Indians — Wars; U.S. — -History — Colonial period — Wars; New England — History; U. S. — History — Colonial period Perception See fl/j-o Apperception ; Hearing; Psychol- Refer from Apperception; Consciousness; ogy; Senses and sensation; Sight; Space Intellect; Knowledge; Psychology; Psycholo- perception gy, Educational; Senses and sensation; Space perception Perfection, Christian, see Sanctification Perfumery Siv «/j-o Chemistry, Technical; Incense Refer from Chemistry, Technical; Cosmet- ics; Costume; Essences and essential oils; Manufactures ; Odors ; Perfumes (s) ; Scent (s) ; Toilet Perfumes see Odors; Perfumery Pergolas See also Architecture Refer from Architecture; Landscape garden- Periodic law ing S'(V fl/jo Chemistry, Physical Refer from Atomic weights; Chemical ele- ments; Chemistry; Chemistry, Physical; Metals Periodicals See also Advertising; Chapbooks; Chil- Refer from Journalism; Literature; Maga- dren's periodicals; Journalism; Liberty of zincs (s) ; Newspapers; Press (s) the press; Newspapers; Students' periodi- cals; also subhead Periodicals under various subjects England S>^ a/j-o Newspapers — England Refer from English literature; English periodicals (s) ; Newspapers — • England Indexes Refer from Bibliography; Indexes U. S. S^^ a/j-o Newspapers — U.S. Refer from American literature; American periodicals (s) ; Newspapers — U. S. ; U. S. — Periodicals (s) Perjury i'i'i? rt/jo Oat lis ; Witnesses Refer from Crime and criminals; Criminal law; Oaths; Witnesses 27s Permian period see Geology, Stratigraphic — Permian ; Paleontology — Permian Perpetual motion Persecution See also Albigenses ; Church and state; Friends, Society of; Huguenots ; Inquisition ; Jews — Persecution; Liberty of conscience; Alartyrs; Massacres; Religious liberty; \\'itclicraft Persian language See also Iranian languages Persian literature See also Avesta ; Oriental literature; Persian poetry Persian poetry See also Persian literature Personal beauty see Beauty, Personal Personal liberty see Liberty Personal names see Names, Personal Personal property See also Property; Sale; Taxation Personal religion see Christian life and charac- ter ; Spiritual life Personality See also Consciousness; Individuality; Psychical research; Psychology; Soul Personalty see Personal property Perspective See also Drawing; Projection; Proportion (art) ; Shades and shadows Perturbation See also Mechanics, Celestial; Orbits; Planets ; Satellites Pessimism See also Optimism Pestilences see Epidemics Pests see Agricultural pests; Fungi; House- hold pests; Insects, Injurious and beneficial; also Cotton — Diseases and pests, and similar headings Petition, Right of Petrifaction see Petrified forests; Paleontology Petrified forests See also Trees, Fossil Pecrography see Rocks Petrol see Gasoline Petrol engines see Gas and oil engines Petroleum See also Coal-tar products ; Gas ; Gasoline ; Geology, Econoniic; Lamps; Liquid fuel Petroleum engines see Gas and oil engines Petrology see Rocks Pets See also Cage birds ; Cats ; Dogs ; Domestic animals Refer from Mechanics; Motion Refer from Catholic church; Church his- tory; Fanaticism; Heresy; Inquisition; Liber- ty of conscience; Martyrs; Religious liberty Refer from Iranian languages Refer fro-n Oriental literature; Persian poetry Refer from Persian literature Refer from Chattels (s) ; Law; Personalty (s) ; Property Refer from Character; Consciousness; Double consciousness (s) ; Double personal- ity (s) ; Dual personality (s) ; Identity, Person- al (s) ; Individuality; Metaphysics; Multiple personality (s) ; Philosophy; Psychical re- search; Psychology; Soul; Subconsciousness Refer from Drawing; Geometrical drawing; Geometry; Geometry, Descriptive; Light; Mechanical drawing; Painting; Projection; Proportion (art); Shades and shadows Refer from Astronomy; Mechanics, Celestial; Orbits; Planets; Satellites Refer from Optimism; Philosophy Refer from Government; Law; Right of petition (s) Refer from Forests, Petrified (s) ; Fossil plants; Petrifaction (s) ; Trees, Fossil Refer from Chemistry, Technical; Coal oil (s) ; Coal-tar products; Commercial prod- ucts; Fuel; Gas; Geology, Economic; Kero- sene (s) ; Lighting; Liquid fuel; Mineral oils (s); Oil (s); Oil wells (s) ; Wells Refer from Animals; Domestic animals 276 Pewter Sre also Alloys Phallic worship si-e Phallicism Phallicism Phanerogams St'r also Botany, and references under that subject Phansigars see Thugs Phantoms see Apparitions Pharmacists See also Chemists Pharmacognosy see Drugs; Pharmacy Pharmacology see Drugs ; Pharmacy Pharmacopoeias See also Dispensatories; Drugs; Materia medica Pharmacy See also Dispensatories; Drugs; Homeop- athy; Alateria medica; Medical botany; Pharmacists; Pharmacopoeias; Prescriptions Philanthropists See also Philanthropy Philanthropy See also Altruism; Charitable societies; Charities; Charity; Philanthropists; Social settlements; Social work Philately see Postage stamps Philippine languages See also Oceanic languages Philology see Language Philosophers Philosopher's stone See also Alchemy; Elixir of life Philosophical instruments see Scientific appa- ratus and instruments Philosophy See also Agnosticism; Analogy; Atheism; Axioms; Being; Belief; Biology; Causation; Certainty; Chance; Christianity; Creation; Critical philosophy; Deism; Dualism; Egoism; Empiricism; Enlightenment; Epi- cureans; Esthetics; Eternity; Ethics; Evi- dence; Evolution; Fate and fatalism; Force and energy; Future life; Gnosticism; God; Hedonism; Humanism; Idealism; Individ- uality; Infinite; Intellect; Knowledge; Lib- erty; Life; Logic; Man; Manicheism; Ma- terialism; Matter; Metaphysics; Mind and body; Monadology; Monism; Mysticism; Natural religion ; Naturalism; Nature; Ne- cessity; Neoplatonism ; New thought; Nihil- ism; Optimism; Pantheism; Personality; Pessimism; Philosophers; Physics; Platon- ists; Pluralism; Positivism; Pragmatism; Psychology; Rationalism; Realism; Reality; Reason; Religion; Religion and science; Scholasticism; Science; Skepticism; Soph- ists; Soul; Space; Spiritualism; Stoics; Supernatural; Taoism; Teleology; Theism; Theology; Theosophy; Thought and think- Rejer from Allo}-s; yXrts and crafts; Hall marks; Lead; Metal work; Plate; Tin Refer from Nature worship; Phallic wor- ship (s) ; Sex worship (s) Refer from Botany Refer from Apothecaries (s) ; Biography; Chemists; Druggists (s) ; Pharmacy Refer from Dispensatories; Drugs; Materia medica; Medical botany; Pharmacy Refer from Chemistry; Chemistry, Medi- cal (s) ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical (s) ; Drugs ; Materia medica; Medical botany; Medical chemistry (s) ; Medicine; Pharmacognosy (s) ; Pharmacology (s) ; Prescriptions ; Therapeutics Refer from Biography; Philanthropy Refer from Benevolence (s) ; Charities; Ethics; Gifts; Giving (s) ; Philanthropists; Poor Refer from Oceanic languages Refer from Biography; Philosophy Refer from Alchemy; Elixir of life; Stone, Philosopher's (s) Refer from Ethics; Knowledge; Life; Mental philosophy (s) ; Metaphysics; Ontology (s) ; Psychology; Reason; Religion; Science; The- ology; Thought and thinking 277 Philosophy — Continued ing; Time; Transcendentalism; Truth; Universe; Utilitarianism; Will; also subhead Philosophy under various subjects, e.g. History — Philosophy Ancient See also Philosophy, Greek; Philosophy, Oriental Chinese See also Philosophy, Oriental ; Taoism Critical, see Critical philosophy English See also Philosophy, Modern ; Utili- tarianism French See also Encyclopedists; Philosophy, Modern; Positivism German See also Critical philosophy; Philoso- phy, Modern; Transcendentalism Greek See also Epicureans; Philosophy, An- cient; Platonists ; Sophists; Stoics Hindu See also Philosophy, Oriental ; Vedanta ; Yoga Medieval See also Scholasticism Modem See also Agnosticism; Enlightenment; Evolution; New thought; Pragmatism; Rationalism; Transcendentalism; also Philosophy, English; Philosophy, French; Philosophy, German; etc. Moral, see Ethics Natural, see Physics Oriental See also Philosophy, Chinese; Philoso- phy, Hindu; Philosophy, Persian Persian See also Manicheism; Philosophy, Oriental Philosophy of history see History — Philosophy Philosophy of religion Jd-^* Religion — Philoso- phy Phlebotomy see Bloodletting Phonetic spelling see Spelling reform Phonetics See also Alphabet ; Pronunciation ; Speech ; Spelling Phonograph See also Telephonograph Phonography see Shorthand Phonology see Phonetics Phosphates See also Bone products; Fertilizers and manures; Geology, Economic Refer from Philosoph\-, Greek Refer from Chinese philosophy (s) ; Philoso- phy, Oriental; Taoism Refer from English philosophy (s) ; Philoso- phy, Modern ; Utilitarianism Refer from French Philosophy (s) ; Philoso- phy, Modern; Positivism Refer from Critical philosophy; German philosophy (s) ; Philosophy, Modern Refer from Epicureans ; Greek philosophy (s) ; Philosophy, Ancient; Platonists; Sophists; Stoics Refer from Hindu philosophy (s) ; Hinduism; Philosophy, Oriental; Vedanta; Yoga Refer from Medieval philosophy (s) ; Scho- lasticism Refer frotn Modern philosophy (s) ; Philoso- phy, English; Philosophy, French; Philosophy, German Refer from Oriental philosophy (s) ; Philoso- phy, Ancient; Philosophy, Chinese; Philoso- phy, Hindu; Philosophy, Persian Refer from Manicheism ; Philosophy, Oriental Refer from Language; Orthoepy (s) ; Pho- nology (s) ; Pronunciation; Sound Refer from Electricity; Gramophone (s) ; Graphophone (s) ; Sound ; Talking machines (s) Refer from Agricultural chemistry; Bone products; Fertilizers and manures; Geology, Economic Phosphorescence Refer from Botany — Physiology; Light; Ocean; Radioactivity ;. Zoology 278 Photochemistry See also Chemistry, Physical ; Photo- graphic chemistry Photo chronograph See also Ballistics Photo-engraving See also Photogravure; Photomechanical processes Photo-etching see Photo-engraving Photogrammetry see Photographic surveying Photographic chemistry See also Photochemistry; Photography — • Printing processes Photographic optics See also Lenses Photographic surveying Photographs Photography See also Astronomical photography; Blue prints; Cameras; Collotype; Color photog- raphy; Daguerreotypes; Ferrotype; Helio- type; Lenses; Moving pictures; Nature photography; Photochronograph ; Photo- engraving; Photographic chemistry; Photo- graphic optics; Photographic surveying; Photographs; Photogravure; Photolithogra- phy; Photomechanical processes; Photo- micrography; Radiography; Stereopticon ; Telephotography Animals See also Nature photography Astronomical, see Astronomical photog- raphy Color, see Color photography Composite Flash-light History Nature, see Nature photography Plants See also Nature photography Printing processes See also Blue prints; Photographic chemistry Photography of animals see Photography — Animals Photography of nature see Nature photog- raphy Photography of plants see Photography — Plants Photogravure See also Photomechanical processes Photolithography See also Photomechanical processes Refer from Chemical effects of light (s) ; Chemistry; Chemistry, Physical; Light; Op- tical chemistry (s) ; Photographic chemistry Refer from Astronomical instruments; As- tronomical photography; Ballistics; Chrono- graph; Photography Refer from Engraving; Half-tone process (s) ; Illustration of books; Photo-etching (sj ; Photography; Photomechanical processes Refer from Chemistry; Chemistry, Pho- tographic (s) ; Photochemistry; Photography; Photography — Printing processes Refer from Lenses; Photography Refer from Photogrammetry (s) ; Photog- raphy; Phototopography (s) ; Surveying Refer from Photography; Pictures; Portraits Refer from Art; Cameras; Daguerreotypes; Industrial arts; Light; Printing; Retouch- ing (s) ; Technology Refer from Animal photography (s) ; Ani- mals — Photography (s) ; Animals — Pic- tures; Nature photography; Photography of animals (s) Refer from Composite photography (s) Refer from Flash-light photography (s) Refer from Nature photography; Photog- raphy of plants (s) ; Plants — Photography (s) Refer from Blue prints; chemistry; Platinotype (s) Photographic Refer from Engraving; Heliogravure (s) ; Photo-engraving; Photography; Photomechan- ical processes Refer from Lithography; Photography; Photomechanical processes 27Q Photomechanical processes See also Collotype ; Heliotype ; Photo- engraving; Photogravure; Photolithography Photometry See also Color; Light Photomicrography See also Alicroscope and microscopy Phototherapy See also Radiotherapy Phototopography see Photographic surveying Phrase-books see names of languages Phrasing (music) See also Musical form Phrenology See also Physiognomy Phthisis see Tuberculosis Physical chemistry see Chemistry, Physical Physical culture see Physical education Physical deterioration See alse Degeneration ; Heredity Physical education See also Athletics ; College athletics ; Delsarte system; Exercise; Games; Gym- nasiums ; Gymnastics ; Gymnastics, Medical ; Indian clubs; Jiu-jitsu; Play; Running; School athletics; Sports; Training; Walking Physical geography See also Alluvium; Altitudes; Bays and gulfs; Beaches; Caves; Climate; Coast changes; Continents; Deltas; Deserts; Droughts; Dunes; Earth; Earthquakes; Erosion; Geochemistry; Geographical dis- tribution of animals and plants; Geography; Geology; Geysers and hot springs; Glaciers; Hydrography ; Ice ; Icebergs ; Islands ; Lakes ; Landslides; Magnetism, Terrestrial; Meteor- ology; Moraines; Mountains; Nature; Ocean; Peat; Plains; Ponds; Prairies; Riv- ers; Seashore; Springs; Steppes; Tides; Tropics; Valleys; Volcanoes; Water; Water, Underground; Waterfalls; Waterspouts; Waves U. S. See also Geology — U. S. ; U. S. — Alti- tudes Physical geology see Geology Physical instruments see Scientific apparatus and instruments Physical training see Athletics; Ph\-sical edu- cation Physicians and surgeons See also Anecdotes, Medical; Medical ethics; Women as physicians Refer from Collotype; Heliotype; Illustra- tion of books; Photo-engraving; Photography; Photogravure; Photolithography; Process work (s) Refer from Electric lighting; Light; Lighting Refer from Microphotography (s) ; Micro- scope and microscopy; Photography Refer from Blue glass cure (s) ; Light; Light cure (s) ; Therapeutics Refer from Music; IMusical form; Piano — Instruction and study Refer from Brain; Character; Character reading (s) ; Head; Man; Mind and body; Physiognomy; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Physiological Refer from Degeneration; Heredity; Physi- ology Refer from Athletics; Calisthenics (s) ; Callisthenics (s) ; Education; Exercise; Gym- nasiums; Gymnastics; Gymnastics, Medical; Hygiene; Manly exercise (s) ; Muscles; Physical culture (s) ; Physical training (s) ; Sports ; Training Refer from Alluvium; Beaches; Climate; Coast changes; Continents; Deltas; Dunes; Earth; Earthquakes; Erosion; Geography; Geography, Physical (s) ; Geology; Geon- omy (s) ; Glaciers; Icebergs; Islands; Lakes; Meteorology; Moraines; Mountains; Natural history; Ocean; Physics; Physiography (s) ; Riveis; Science; Valleys; Volcanoes; Water Refer from Geology — U. S. ; V. S. — Ge- ography (s) ; U. S. — Physical geography (s) Refer from Biography; Doctors (s) ; Medical biography (s) ; Medical directories (s) ; Medical ethics; Medicine; Medicine — Directories (s) ; Surgeons (s) ; Surgery 280 Physics i'«r fl/j-o Agricultural physics ; Air; Astron- Refer from Atoms; Chemistry; Chemistry, omy; Atoms ; Barometer ; Capillarity ; Chem- Physical; Dynamics; Electricity; Fluids; istry ; Chemistry, Plu'sical ; Compressibility ; Force and energy; Gravitation; Heat; H\-- Condensation ; Diamagnetism ; Dynamics; draulics; Hydrostatics; Light; ^lagnetism; Elasticity; Electricity; Electrostatics; Mathematics ; Matter ; Mechanics ; Molecules ; Ether (of space); Evaporation; Expansion Natural history; Natural philosophy (s) ; (physics); Fluids; Force and energy; Fric- Natural science (s) ; Philosophy; Philosophy, tion ; Gases ; Gravitation ; Gyroscope ; Heat ; Natural (s) ; Science ; Sound ; \'ibration Hydraulics; Hydrostatics; Kinematics; Light; Liquefaction of gases; Liquid air; Liquids; Magnetism; Matter; Mechanics; Meteorology; Molecules; Motion; Motors; Osmosis; Pendulum; Physical geography; Radiation; Radioactivit}' ; Rotation; Soap bubbles; Solids; Sound; Statics; Steam; Thermodynamics; Thermometer; Units; Velocity; Vibration; Viscosity; Water; Waves Experiments See also Electricity — Experiments; ^f/^r /row Experiments (s) ; Physics — Lab- Plnsics — Laboratory manuals oratory manuals Laboratory manuals See also Phj'sics — Experiments Refer from Physics — Experiments Physiocrats Refer from Economics; Single tax Physiognomy See also Expression; Face; Phrenology Refer from Character; Character reading (s) ; Expression; Face; Head; Man; Phrenology; Physiology; Psychology Physiography see Ph\-sical geography Physiological botany see Botany — Physiology Physiological chemistry See also Absorption (physiology); Animal Refer from Animal chemistry (s) ; Animal heat; Antitoxins; Blood; Cells; Chemistry, heat; Biological chemistry (s) ; Blood; Cells; Legale Digestion; Enzymes; Fermentation; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Animal (s) ; Chemistry, Gelatin; Aletabolism; Osmosis; Proteins Biological (s) ; Chemistry, Aledical (s) ; Chem- istry, Organic; Chemistry, Pathological (s) ; Chemistry, Physiological (s) ; Gelatin; Histo- chemistry (s) ; Medical chemistry (s) ; Aledicine ; Metabolism; Pathological chemistry (s) ; Path- ology; Physiology; Proteins Physiological psychology see Psychology, Physi- ological Physiology See also Absorption (physiology); Anat- ^^/^r /row Anatomy ; Biology ; Blood ; Body, omy; Biology; Blood; Brain; Breathing; Human (s) ; Breathing; Digestive system; Color of man; Deformities; Degeneration; Human body (s) ; Plygiene; Man; Medicine; Digestion ; Digestive system; Electrophysi- Metabolism; Muscles; Nervous system; Re- ology ; Embryology; Growth; Heredity; spiratory organs ; Vascular system Hygiene; Longevity; Man; Medicine; Metabolism; Mind and body; Monsters; Morphology; Muscles; Nervous system; Nutrition; Pathology; Phrenology; Physical deterioration; Physiognomy; Physiological chemistry; Protoplasm; Psychology, Physio- logical; Puberty; Respiratory organs; Senses and sensation; Sex; Sleep; Urinary organs; Vascular system; Voice; Yawning Comparative Refer from Comparative physiology (s) ; Zoology Physiology of plants see Botany — Physiology Phytogeography see Geographical distribu- tion of animals and plants Pianists See also Musicians Refer from Musicians; Piano 281 Piano See also Harpsichord ; Alusicai instruments ; Pianists; Piano music; Piano players; Tun- ing — — Instruction and study See also Music — 1 nstruclion and study ; Musical accompaniment ; Phrasing (music) Piano music See also Dance music; Instrumental music; Sonatas Scores See also Duets, Instrumental; Sonatas Piano players Pianoforte see Piano Pianola see Piano players Picnics Pictographs see Picture writing Picts See also Celts ; Scotland — Antiquities ; Scotland — History Picture books Picture frames Picture posters see Posters Picture writing See also Hieroglyphics Pictures See also Animals — Pictures; Art — Ex- hibitions; Art — Galleries and museums; Art forgeries; Caricature and cartoons; Drawings; Engravings; Etchings; Libraries and pictures; Aloving pictures; Paintings; Panoramas; Photographs; Picture frames; Portraits ; Views Picturesque See also Esthetics; Landscape Piece-work see Wages Pieces to speak see Recitations and readings Piers see Bridges — ^Foundations and piers; Wharves Pies see Pastry Pietists See also Germany — Religious history Pig see Swine Pig iron see Cast iron Pigeons See also Birds Pigmentation see Color of animals; Color of man ; Skin Pigments see Color; Dyes and dyeing; Paint Pigmies see Dwarfs Pigs see Swine Piles and pile driving See also lireakwaters ; Cofferdams; Foun- dati(jns ; Wharves Pilgrim fathers See also Brownists ; Massachusetts — History; Mayflower (ship); Plymouth; Puritans; Thanksgiving day; U. S. — His- ti>r\' — Colonial period Pilgrimages See also Penance; Shrines Refer from Harpsichord; Musical instru- ments; Pianoforte (s) ; Spinet (s) ; Stringed instruments; Virginal (s) Refer from Music — Instruction and study Refer from Dance music; Instrumental music : Piano Refer from Music — - Scores Refer from Piano; Pianola (s) Refer from Amusements; Outdoor life Refer from Celts; Scotland — Antiquities; Scotland — History ; Stone age Refer from Children's literature Refer from Frames (for pictures) (s) ; House decoration; Pictures Refer from Archaeology; Hieroglyphics; Inscriptions; Pictographs (s) ; Writing Refer from Art; Engravings; Etchings; House decoration; Paintings; Portraits; Views Refer from Esthetics ; Landscape; Scenery (s) Refer from Germany — Religious history Refer from Birds; Carrier pigeons (s) ; Domestic animals; Doves (s) ; Homing pig- eons (s) ; Poultry; Squabs (s) Refer fro ?n Breakwaters; Civil engineering; Cofferdams; Foundations; Wharves Refer from Biography; Brownists; Christian biography; Massachusetts — History; May- flower (ship); Plymouth; Puritans; L'. S. — Biography; U. S. — History — Colonial period Refer from Catholic church; Penance; Shrines; Travel; Voyages and travels 282 Pillars see Columns Pillory Pilot guides Pilots and pilotage See also Pilot guides Ping-pong Pingree plan see Vacant lot cultivation Pins and needles Pioneer life see Frontier and pioneer life Pipe See also Boiler scale; Pipe fitting; Steam pipes ; Tubes Pipe fitting See also Gas fitting; Plumbing; Steam pipes Pipe organ see Organ Pipes see Pipe; Pipes, Tobacco; Steam pipes Pipes, Tobacco See also Smoking; Tobacco Piracy see Pirates Pirates See also Buccaneers; Privateering; Treas- ure-trove Pisces see Fish Pisciculture see Fish culture Pistols See also Firearms Pitch, Mineral, see Asphalt Place names see Names, Geographical Placer mining see Gold dredging; Hydraulic mining Plagiarism See also Literary forgeries and mystifica- tions Plague See also Black death; Epidemics; London — Epidemics Plaids see Tartans Plain chant see Chants Plain song see Chants Plains See also Prairies; Steppes Plainsong see Chants Plane geometry see Geometry Planers see Planing machines Planetesimal hypothesis Planets .SVi? also Asteroids ; Astrology ; Astronomy ; Earth ; Moon ; Nebular hypothesis ; Occulta- tions; Orbits; Perturbation; Planetesimal hypothesis; Plurality of worlds; Satellites; Solar system ; Transits ; also names of planets Planimeter Planing machines See also Machine tools; Woodworking machinery Refer from Punishment Refer from Coast pilots (s) ; Navigation; Pilots and pilotage; Sailing directions (s) Refer from Harbors; Inland navigation; Navigation ; Sailors Refer from Games; Table tennis (s) ; Tennis Refer from Manufactures; Needles (s) Refer from Pipes (s) ; Tubes Refer from Gas fitting; Pipe; Plumbing; Stearn fitting (s) ; Steam pipes Refer from Pipes (s) ; Smoking; Tobacco; Tobacco pipes (s) Refer from Barbary corsairs (s) ; Buccaneers; Corsairs (s) ; Crime and criminals ; Filibusters ; Freebooters (s) ; International law; Maritime law; Naval battles; Naval history; Piracy (s) Refer from Arms and armor ; Firearms ; Guns ; Revolvers (s) Refer from Authorship; Literary forgeries and mystifications; Literature Refer from Black death; Bubonic plague (s) ; Contagion and contagious diseases ; Epidemics ; London — Epidemics ; London — History ; Medicine — • Practice Refer from Physical geography Refer from Astronomy; Planets; Solar system ; Universe Refer from Astronomy; Mechanics. Celestial ; Perturbation; Satellites; Solar system; Stars Refer from Mathematical instruments; Sur- veying instruments Refer from Machine slujji practice; Macliinc tools; Machinery; Planers (s) ; Woodworking, machinery 283 Planispheres Refer from y\slronomy ; Astronomy — ■ Atlas- es ; Stars Plankton S^f a/j-o Fresh-water life; Marine biology ; Refer from Biology; Fresh-water life; Marine zoology Marine biology; Marine zoology Plans (architecture) see Architectural drawing; y\rchitccture, Domestic Plant anatomy see Botany, Structural Plant breeding See also Hybridization; Mendel's law; Refer from Agriculture ; Breeding ; Fcrtiliza- Plant propagation; Seeds — Selection and tion of plants ; Floriculture ; Gardening; Hered- testing ity; Hybridization; Plant propagation; Plants — Breeding (s) ; Species; Thremmatology (s) ; V'ariation (biology) Plant chemistry see Plants — Chemistry and nutrition Plant diseases see Plants — Diseases Plant embryology see Botany — Embryology Plant forms See also Design, Decorative; Flower Refer from Decoration and ornament; De- painting and drawing sign, Decorative; Floral design (s) ; Flower forms (s) ; Flower painting and drawing Plant geography see Geographical distribution of animals and plants Plant introduction Sr^ a/j-o Acclimatization (plants) Refer from Acclimatization (plants); Ge- Plant lice ographical distribution of animals and plants S^^ a/io Hemiptera Refer from Aphididae (s) ; Hemiptera ; In- sects, Injurious and beneficial Plant lore Sf^a/jo Flower language; Folklore ; Nature Refer from Folklore; Folklore of plants (s) ; myths Nature myths; Plants — Folklore (s) Plant morphology see Botany, Structural Plant names see Botany — Nomenclature Plant pathology see Plants — - Diseases Plant physiology see Botany — Physiology Plant propagation See also Grafting; Plant breeding; Seeds Refer from Floriculture; Gardening; Plant breeding; Plants — Propagation (s) ; Propaga- tion of plants (s) Plantation songs see Negro songs Planting see Agriculture; Forest planting; Gardening; Landscape gardening; Tree planting Plants [for descriptive and non-systematic material) See also Agriculture; Alpine plants; Refer from Agriculture; Botany; Flowers; Annuals (plants); Aquatic plants; Botany; Natural history; Nature; Nature study; Climbing plants; Color of plants; Fertiliza- Vegetable kingdom (s) tion of plants; Floriculture; Flowers; Gar- dening; Insectivorous plants; Leaves; Nat- ural history; Nature study; Poisonous plants; Roots; Seedlings; Seeds; Shrubs; Tropical plants; Weeds; also names of plants, and headings beginning Plant Acclimatization, see Acclimatizatirm (plants) Anatomy, see Botany, Structural Aquatic, see Aquatic plants Breeding, see Plant breeding Chemistry and nutrition .SV^ also Botany — Physiology; Cel- /Jt'/t-r/rom Agricultural chemistry ; Botanical lulosc; Metabolism chemistry (s) ; Botany — -Physiology; Chemis- try; Chemistry, Botanical (s) ; Chemistry, Organic; Metabolism; Nutrition of plants (s) ; Plant chemistry (s) ; Plants — Nutrition (s) 284 Plants — Continued Classification, see Botany — Classification Climbing, see Climbing plants Collection and preservation Color, see Color of plants Cultivated [for botanical information and lists, not gardening] See also Floriculture; Gardening Diseases See also Bacteriology, Agricultural; Cotton — Diseases and pests; Dry rot; Fruit — Diseases and pests; Fungi; Galls (botany); Mildew; Parasites; Spraying; Tobacco — Diseases and pests; Trees — • Diseases and pests Effect of chemicals on Effect of temperature on Fertilization, see Fertilization of plants Folklore, see Plant lore Fossil, see Fossil plants Geographic distribution, see Geographical distribution of animals and plants Habits, see Botany — Physiology; Plants — Movements Insectivorous, see Insectivorous plants Medicinal, see Medical botany Migration See also Geographical distribution of animals and plants Morphology, see Botany, Structural Movepients See also Botany — Physiology; Heli- otropism; Irritability Names, see Botany — Nomenclature Nutrition, see Plants — Chemistry and nutrition Pathology, see Plants — Diseases Photography, see Photography — Plants Physiology, see Botany — Physiology Poisonous, see Poisonous plants Propagation, see Plant propagation Useful, see Botany, Economic Plaster and plastering See also Building; Ceilings; Gesso: painting and decoration ; Stucco Plaster casts See also Modeling; Sculpture; Statues Plastering see Plaster and plastering Plate See also Goldsmithing ; Hall marks; Pew- ter; Silversmithing; Silverware Plate girders see Girders Plate glass see Glass Plate marks see Hall marks Plate -metal work See also Metal work Refer from Botanizing (s) ; Collectors and collecting Refer from Botany, Economic; Cultivated plants (s) ; Domestication; House plants (s) Refer from Bacteriology, Agricultural; Bot- any — Pathology (s) ; Diseases of plants (s) ; Fruit — Diseases and pests; Fungi; Mildew; Pathological botany (s) ; Pathology, Vege- table (s) ; Plant diseases (s) ; Plant path- ology (s) ; Plants — Pathology (s) ; Trees — Diseases and pests; Vegetable pathology (s) Refer from Agricultural chemistry ; Botany — Physiology Refer from Freezing (s) ; Frost; Temperature Refer from Geographical distribution of animals and plants; Migration of plants (s) Refer from Botany — Physiology; Helio- tropism ; Irritability ; Nlovements of plants (s) ; Plants — Habits (s) Mural Refer from Building; Building materials; Ceilings; Masonry; Mural painting and deco- ration; Plastering (s) ; Stucco Refer from Casting (s-) ; Casts, Plaster (s) ; Modeling; Sculpture; Statues Refer from Gold plate (s) ; Goldsmithing; Hall marks; Jewelry; Metal work; Silver- smithing; Silverware Refer from Metal work 285 Platforms, Political •SV^ also Political parties Plating Sre also Bronzing; Electroplating; Gal- vanizing; Gilding; Nietal coloring Platinotype see Photography — Printing processes Platinum See also Metals Platonists See also Philosophy, Greek; N'eoplatonism Plattdeutsch see Low German language; Low German literature Play See also Amusements; Athletics; Games; Kindergarten — Games and songs; Play festivals; Playgrounds; Playhouses (for children) ; Sports Play festivals Play writing see Drama Players see Actors Playgrounds See also Parks ; Vacation schools Playhouses (for children) Playing-cards see Cards Playright see Copyright Plays see Amateur theatricals; Drama Playwrigljts see Dramatists Pleading and practice See also Actions at law; Appeal; Chan- cery; Costs; Courts; Equity; Forms (in law) ; Law; Trials Pleasure See also Contentment; Emotions; Happi- ness; Hedonism; Joy; Pain Pleistocene period see Glacial period Pliocene period see Geology, Stratigraphic — Pliocene; Paleontology — Pliocene Plots (drama, novel, etc.) See also Shakespeare, William — ■ Plots Ploughs see Plows Plowing see Tillage Plows See also Farm implements and rnachiner> Plumbago see Graphite Plumbing See also Gas fitting; Lead burning; Pipe fitting; Sanitary engineering; Sanitation, Household; Solder and soldering Pluralism Plurality of worlds Refer from Goverrtment ; Party platforms (s) ; Political platforms (s) ; Political parties; Poli- tics; U. S. — Politics Refer from Galvanizing; Metal work; Silver- plating (s) ; Silverplating (s) Refer from Metals; Precious metals Refer from Dualism; Philosophy; Philoso- phy, Greek Refer from Amusements; Animals; Child study; Children; Exercise; Games; Kinder- garten; Physical education; Psychology; Psychology, Comparative; Recreation (s) Refer from Festivals; Pageants; Play Refer from Amusements; Children; Chil- dren — Charities, protection, etc. ; Municipal improvement; Neighborhood improvement; Parks; Play; Public playgrounds (s) ; School children; School hygiene; School play- grounds (s) ; Schools; Social centers Refer from Play Refer from Actions at law; Costs; Courts; Equity; Forms (in law); Law; Practice (law) (s) ; Procedure (s) ; Trials Refer from Emotions; Ethics; Happiness; Hedonism; Joy; Pain; Psychology Refer from Authorship; Drama; Dramatic plots (s) ; Fiction; Literature; Poetry; Scen- arios (s) Refer from Farm implements and machinery; Ploughs (s) ; Tillage Refer from Architecture; Architecture, Do- mestic; Building; Gas fitting; House drain- age (s) ; Industrial arts; Lead; Lead burning; Pipe fitting; Sanitary engineering; Sanitation, Household; Sewerage; Traps (plumbing) (s) ; Water supply Refer from Metaphysics; Philosophy Refer from Astronomy; Life in other worlds (s) ; Planets; Theology; Universe; Worlds, Plurality of (s) Plutocracy see Wealth Plymouth brethren Pneumatic pumps see Air pumps Pneumatic tires see Tires Pneumatic transmission see Compressed air; Pneumatic tubes Pneumatic tubes See also Compressed air Pneumatics see Air; Gases Pneumonia See also Lungs; Respiratory organs — Diseases Poaching See also Game laws Poetry See also Alliteration; Ballads; Bards; Children's poetry; Christmas poetry; Col- lege verse; Drama; Elegiac poetry; Epic poetry; Humor; Hymns; Literature; Love poetry; Lyric poetry; Macaronic verse; Meter; Minnesingers; Nonsense verse; Odes; Parodies; Pastoral poetry; Plots (drama, novel, etc.) ; Poetry of places ; Poets ; Prosody; Quotations; Religious poetry; Rhyme; Rhythm; Songs; Sonnets; Trouba- dours ; Trouveres ; Versification; War poet- ry; also special subjects, e.g., Animals in poetry, Children in poetry. Flowers in poetry, Nature in poetry, and subhead Poetry under various subjects ; also Ameri- can poetry, English poetry, etc. Collections See also Recitations and readings Poetry of animals see Animals in poetry Poetry of childhood see Children in poetry; Children's poetry; Nursery rhymes Poetry of flowers see Flowers in poetry Poetry of love see Love poetry Poetry of nature see Nature in poetry Poetry of places Poetry of war see War poetry Poets See also Authors; Bards; Dramatists; Meistersingers ; Minnesingers; Minstrels; Poetry; Poets laureate; Troubadours; Trouveres Poets laureate Pointed architecture see Architecture, Gothic Poison see Poisons; Ptomaines; Toxins Poisonous plants See also Medical botany Poisons See also Alkaloids; Antitoxins; Arsenic; Chemistry, Legal; Drugs; First aid in illness and injury; Lead poisoning; Medical juris- prudence; Narcotics; Poisonous plants; Ptomaines; Toxins; Venom Poker Sec also Cards Poker work see Pyrography Polanders see Poles (Polandcrs) Refer from Darbyites (s) ; Sects Refer from Compressed air; Conveying machinery ; Pneumatic transmission (s) ; Trans- portation Refer from Lungs; Medicine — Practice; Respiratory organs — Diseases Refer from Game laws; Hunting; Trapping Refer from Ballads; Esthetics; Literature; Meter; Poets; Prosody; Rhetoric; Romances; Versification Refer from Anthologies (s) ; Recitations and readings Refer from Poetry Refer from Authors; Dramatists; Poetry Refer from Laureates (s) ; Poets; Poets, English Refer from Botany, Economic; Plants; Plants, Poisonous (s) ; Poisons Refer from Accidents; Antidotes (s) ; Chem- istry; Chemistry, Legal; Drugs; First aid in illness and injury; Medical jurisprudence; Medicine; Murder; Poison (s) ; Therapeutics; Toxicology (s) ; Toxins; Venom Refer from Cards ; Draw-poker (s) ; Gambling 287 Polar light see Auroras Polar regions see Antarctic regions; Arctic regions; North pole; South pole Polariscope See also Polarization (light) Polarization (light) See also Magneto-optics; Polariscope; Stereochemistry Poles See also Wood — Preservation Poles (Polanders) See also Poland; Slavs Poles in the U. S. See also Sla\-s in the U. S. Police See also Constables; Crime and criminals; Detectives; Prisons; also names of countries and cities, subhead Police Police courts see Courts, Municipal Police power See also Civil rights; Constitutional law; Eminent domain; Government regulation of industry; Restraint of trade Polish language See also Slavic languages Polish literature See also Slavic literature Polishing see Grinding and polishing Politeness see Courtesy; Etiquet Political bosses .r^-^' Boss rule Political conventions See also Nominations; Political parties Political corruption See also Boss rule; Bribery; Campaign funds; Civil service reform; Graft; Lobby- ing; Political ethics Political economy see Economics Political ethics See also Bribery; Citizenship; Compro- mise ; Graft ; Patriotism ; Political corruption Political offenses See also Extradition; Treason Political parties See also Campaign funds; Campaign literature; Independents (in politics); Plat- forms, Political; Political conventions; Politics; also names of parties, e.g. Demo- cratic party; Free soil party; Know-nothing party; Republican party; Tories, English; Whig parly; and names of countries, sub- head Politics Political platforms see Platforms, Political Political science see Government Political songs see Campaign songs Refer from Optical instruments; Polariza- tion (light) Refer from Light; Magneto-optics; Polari- scope Refer from Telegraph; Telegraph poles (s) ; Telephone; Telephone poles (s) ; Wood Refer from Poland; Polanders (s) ; Slavs Refer from Slavs in the U. S. ; U. S. — For- eign population Refer from Constables; Crime and criminals; Detectives; Government; Law; Municipal government; Prisons; Town officers Refer from Constitutional law; Eminent domain; Government; Government regulation of industry; Law; Restraint of trade Refer from Slavic languages Refer from Slavic literature Refer from Conventions, Political (s) ; Elections — U. S.; Government; Nomina- tions; Political parties; U. S. — Conventions and public meetings Refer from Boss rule; Bribery; Ci\ il service reform; Corrupt practices at elections (s) ; Corruption in politics (s) ; Elections; Govern- ment; Graft; Lobbying; Municipal corrup- tion (s) ; Political ethics; Politics Refer from Citizenship; Ethics; Ethics, Political (s) ; Government; Political corrup- tion; Politics; Social ethics; State ethics Refer from Crime and criminals; Extradi- tion; Government; Impeachment; Interna- tional law Refer from Government; Parties, Politi- cal (s) ; Party government (s) ; Platforms, Political; Political conventions; Politics; U. S. — Politics 288 Politics See also Ballot; Boss rule; Campaign funds; Campaign literature; Civil service; Elections; Government; Independents (in politics); International relations; Liberal- ism; Lobbying; Nominations; Platforms, Political; Political corruption; Political eth- ics; Political parties; Primaries; Sectional- ism; Suffrage; also names of countries and states, subhead Politics, and names of cities, subhead Government and politics Poll tax Pollination see Fertilization of plants Pollution of streams see Water pollution Polo Polyandry See also Polygamy Polygamy See also Harem ; Marriage ; Mohammedan- ism ; Mormons and Alormonism; Polyandry Polynesian languages See also Oceanic languages Polyphase currents see Electric currents, Alternating Polyps see Coelenterata Polytechnic schools see Technical education Polytheism See also Religions Polyzoa See also Invertebrates Pomology see Fruit; Fruit culture Pond life see Fresh-water life Ponds See also Fresh-water life; Lakes Pontiac's conspiracy, 1763-1765 See also Indians — W'ars; U. S. — His- tory — Colonial period Poor See also Almshouses; Asylums; Begging; Charities; Children — Charities, protection, etc. ; Cost of living ; Farm colonies ; Friendly visiting; Homes for the aged; Housing problem ; Labor and laboring classes ; Old age pensions; Pensions; Philanthropy; Poor laws; Slums; Social settlements; Standard of living; Sweating system; Tenement houses; Thrift; Tramps; Unemployed; also names of cities, subhead Poor Poor laws Poorhouses see Almshouses Popes See also Apostolic succession ; Bulls, Papal ; Catholic church; Vatican; Vatican council Authority and supremacy See also Catholic church — Authority Refer from Gf^\"ernment ; l-'olitical parties -Biography See also Popes — History -Election Refer from Taxation Refer from Games; Horsemanship Refer from Marriage; Polygamy Refer from Marriage; Polyandry Refer from Oceanic languages Refer from God; Religions Refer from Bryozoa (s) ; Invertebrates; Marine zoology Refer from Lakes; Physical geography; Water Refer from French and Indian war; Indians — Wars; U. S. — - History — Colonial period Refer from Aged poor (s) ; Almsgiving (s) ; Almshouses; Asylums; Begging; Benevo- lence (s) ; Charities ; Dangerous classes (s) ; Dependent classes (s) ; Economics; Labor and laboring classes; Pauperism (s) ; People; Poverty (s) ; Slums; Social problems; Social settlements; Sociology; Tenement houses; Unemployed; V'agrancy (s) Refer from Charities; Law; Poor; Va- grancy (s) Refer from Apostolic succession; Bulls, Papal; Catholic church; Catholic church — Popes (s) ; Church polity; Holy See (s) ; Kings and rulers; Papacy (s) ; Rulers (s) ; Ultra- montanism; Vatican Refer from Authority (in religion); Catholic church — Authority ; Supremacy of the pope (s) Refer from Biography; Christian biography; Popes — History 289 Popes — Continued History See also Catholic church — History; Church history; Popes — Biography; Schism, The great western, 1378-1417 Infallibility See also \'atican council -Temporal power Sre also Church histor)' Middle ages Popish plot, 1678 See also England History — Stuarts Popular election of senators see Senators — U. S. — Election Popular errors see Errors, Popular Popular government see Democracy Popularity Population See also Birth rate; Census; Malthusian- ism; Statistics; Vital statistics; also names of countries, states and cities, subhead Population Porcelain see Pottery Porifera see Sponges Porisms Portable buildings Portages See also Indian trails Portents see Omens Portland cement see Cement Portrait painters see Painters Portrait painting See also Miniature painting Portraits See also Cra}-on drawing; Photographs; Pictures Ports see Harbors Portuguese language See also Romance languages Portuguese literature See also Romance literature Positivism See also Philosoph)-, French Posology see Prescriptions Possession fin law) See also Limitations (law) Post-mortem examinations see Autopsy Post-office see Postal service Postage stamps Postal savings banks Postal service Sec also Franking privilege; Library post; Parcels post; Postage stamps; Postal sav- ings banks; Postal telegraph; Railway mail ser\'ice ; Rural free delivery U. S. See also Rural free delivery Refer from Catholic church — History; Church history; Popes — Biography; Schism, The great western, 1378-13 17 Refer from Catholic church — Infallibil- ity (s) ; Infallibility; Vatican council Refer frorn Catholic church — History; Church and state; Church history — Middle ages; Temporal power of the pope (s) Refer from Conspiracies; England — His- tory — Stuarts Refer from Conduct of life; Ethics; Success Refer from Economics; Malthusianism ; Sociology; Statistics; Vital statistics Refer from Geometry Refer from Architecture; Buildings, Port- able (s) Refer from Indian trails; Roads Refer from Painting Refer from Art; Biography; Iconogra- phy (s) ; Paintings; Pictures Refer from Romance languages Refer from Romance literature Refer from Agnosticism ; Deism ; Naturalism ; Philosophy; Philosophy, French; Religion; Religion of humanity (s) Refer from Adverse possession (s) ; Law; Limitations (law); Property; Real estate Refer from Collectors and collecting; Phi- lately (s) ; Postal service; Stamps (s) ^f/^-r/rom Banks and banking; Government banking (s) ; Postal service; Savings banks Refer from Carriers; Communication; Mail (s) ; Post-ofRce (s) ; Railway mail service; Transportation Refer from Rural free delivery ; \J. S. — Postal service (s) 30O Postal telegraph See also Government ownership Posters See also Billposting Post-Xicene fathers see Fathers of the church Potatoes See also Vegetables Potential, Theory of Potomac, Arm)' of the, see Army of the Poto- mac Pottery See also Annealing; Arts and crafts; Bric-a-brac; China painting; Clay indus- tries; Concrete pottery; Glazing; Indians — Pottery ; Majolica ; Terra cotta ; Tiles ; Urns ; Vases Pouched animals see Marsupialia Poultry See also Ducks; Eggs; Geese; Incubators; Pigeons; Poultry houses; Turkeys Poultry houses See also Farm buildings; Poultry Pov'erty see Poor Powder see Gunpowder Power . See also Compressed air; Dynamometer; Electric power; Engines; Force and energy; Machinery; Mechanics; Motors; Power plants; Power transmission; Steam; Water power Power boats see Motor boats Power houses see Power plants Power of attorney see Agency Power plants See also Hydro-electric plants; Power transmission Electric See also Electric power; Electric power transmission; Hydro-electric plants — — Steam See also Boilers; Steam engines Power stations see Power plants Power transmission See also Belting; Cables; Compressed air; Electric power transmission; Gearing; Ma- chinery; Mechanical engineering; Motors; Power plants; Pulleys; Rope driving; Shaft- ing Powers (law) See also Administrators and executors; Agency; Trustees Refer from Government ownership; Postal service; Telegraph; Telegraph, Postal (s) Refer from Advertising; Art; Billposting; Drawing; Picture posters (s) Refer from Vegetables Refer from Electric potential (s) ; Electro- statics; Force and energy; Gravitation; Theory of potential (s) Refer from Archaeology; Arts and crafts; Bric-a-brac; Ceramics (s) ; China (porce- lain) (s) ; China painting; Chinaware (s) ; Clay industries; Crockery (s) ; Decoration and ornament; Earthenware (s) ; Faience (s) ; Fayence (s) ; Industrial arts; Industries, Primitive; Keramics (s) ; Majolica; Manu- factures; Porcelain (s) ; Stoneware (s) ; Terra cotta ; Tiles ; Vases Refer from Birds; Chickens (s) ; Domestic animals; Ducks; Eggs; Food; Fowl (s) ; Fowls (s) ; Geese; Hen (s) ; Hens (s) ; Incuba- tors; Live stock; Poultry houses; Turkeys Refer from Farm buildings; Hen houses (s) ; Poultry Refer frovi Mechanics Refer from Central power stations (s) ; Mechanical engineering; Power; Power hous- es (s) ; Power stations (s) ; Power transmission Refer from Electric engineering; Electric plants (s) ; Electric power; Electric power plants (s) ; Electric power transmission; Elec- tric stations (s) ; Electricity — Distribution Refer from Steam engines; Steam plants (s) ; Steam power plants (s) Refer from Belting; Electric power transmis- sion; Gearing; Machinery; ^iechanical engi- neering; Mechanics, Applied; Power; Power plants; Pulleys; Rope driving; Shafting; Transmission of power (s) Refer from Agency; Law 291 Practical ethics see Conduct of life Practical theology see Christian life and character Practice (law) see Pleading and practice Pragmatism Prairies See also Western states Prayer See also Devotional exercises; Family worship; Lord's prayer; Piayer meetings; Prayers; Responsive worship; Ritualism; Worship Prayer books See also Breviaries; Liturgies; Prayers Prayer meetings Prayers See also Devotional exercises; Family worship; Litanies; Liturgies; Lord's prayer; Prayer books; Rosary Preachers See also Clergy; Preaching Preaching See also Anecdotes, Religious; Elocution; Oratory; Preachers; Sermons Preaching friars see Dominicans Preadamites see Man — Origin and antiquity Pre-Cambrian period see Geology, Stratigraph- ic — Archaean ; Paleontology — Archaean Precedence See'also Class distinction Precession of the equinoxes see Equinoxes Precieuses See also Salons Precious metals See also Gold; Money; Platinum; Radi- um ; Silver Precious minerals see Mineralogy; Mines and mineral resources; Rare earths Precious stones See also Birth stones; Diamonds; Gems; Jewelry; Pearls Precis writing Precocity Predestination See also Arminianism; Calvinism; Free- dom of the will; Salvation Predictions see Forecasts ; Prophecies Preexistence See also Soul; Transmigration Prehistoric archaeology see Archaeology Prehistoric man see Alan — Origin and antiq- uity Refer from Empiricism; Ethics; Experience; Philosophy; Philosophy, Modern Refer from Phj'sical geography; Plains; Western states Refer from Christian life and character; Devotion (s) ; Family worship; Religion; Theology; Worship Refer from Collects (s) ; Liturgies; Prayers Refer from Church services; Prayer; Revivals Refer from Collects (s) ; Devotional exer- cises; Family worship; Liturgies; Prayer; Prayer books; Rites and ceremonies; Worship Refer frotn Christian biography; Clergy; Ministers of the gospel (s) ; Pastors (s) ; Preach- Refer from Church polity; Clergy; Elocu- tion; Homiletics (s) ; Oratory; Pastoral work; Preachers; Pulpit oratory (s) ; Rhetoric; Sermons; Speaking (s) Refer from Class distinction; Courts and courtiers; Diplomacy; Etiquet ; Genealogy; Heraldry Refer from French language; French litera- ture; Salons; Women in France Refer from Bimetallism; Bullion (s) ; Eco- nomics; Gold; Metals; Mines and mineral resources ; Silver Refer from Diamonds; Gems; Jewelry; Mineralogy; Stone; Stones (s) Refer from Abstract writing (s) ; Rhetoric Refer from Children; Genius; Psychology Refer from Baptism — Infants; Calvinism; Election (in theology) (s) ; Fate and fatalism; Foreordination (s) ; Freedom of the will; In- fant salvation; Necessity; Salvation; Sin; Theology Refer from Reincarnation (s) ; Soul; Trans- migration 292 Premature burial iee Burial. Premature Premonitions sec Presentiments Prenatal influences Hee also Eugenics Preparatory schools see Academics (schools) ; Education, Secondary Prepared cereals see Cereals, Prepared Preraphaelitism Presages see Omens Presbyterian church See also Church of Scotland ; Presbyterian- ism Presbyterianism See also Cah'inism; Church of Scotland; Covenanters; Presbyterian church Prescriptions See also Pharmacy Presentiments Presents see Gifts Preservation of food see Cold storage; Food preservation and preservatives Preservation of landmarks, scenery, etc. See also Historic houses; Niagara Falls — Preservation; Trees, Historic Preservation of wood see W'ood — Preserva- tion Preservatives (food) see Food preservation and preservatives Preserving see Canning and preserving Presidential campaigns see Elections — U. S. ; Presidents • — ■ U. S. — Election Presidential elections see Elections — U. S. ; Presidents — U. S. — Election Presidential government see Democracy; Re- publics Presidents See also Executive power; Veto U. S. See also Inaugurations U. S. — Election See also Elections — U. S. Press see Journalism; Liberty of the press; Newspapers ; Periodicals Press clippings see Clippings Presses, Printing, see Printing presses Prestidigitation see Conjuring Presumptive evidence see Evidence Prevarication see Equivocation Prevention of cruelty to animals see Animals — Treatment Price of food see Cost of living Prices See also Book prices; Cost of living; Eco- nomics; Food supply; Marketing of farm produce; Panics; Railroads — Rates; Sala- ries ; Standard of living; Supply and demand ; \''aluc ; Wages Pride and vanity Refer from Children ; Eugenics ; Heredity Refer from Art; Painting; Painting, English Refer from Church of Scotland ; Presbyterian- ism Refer from Calvinism; Church of Scotland; Church polity; Congregationalism; Covenant- ers; Dissenters; Presbyterian church; Puri- tans ; Sects Refer from Pharmacy; Posology (s) Refer from Premonitions (s) ; Psychical research; Psychology; Thought transference Refer from Historic houses; Landmarks, Preservation of (s) ; Landscape; Aluniclpal Improvement; Patriotism; Trees, Historic Refer from Biography; Executive power; Kings and rulers ; Rulers (s) Refer from U. S. — Biography; U. S. — Presi- dents (s) Refer from Campaigns, Presidential (s) ; Elections — U. S. ; Presidential campaigns (s) ; Presidential elections (s) Refer from Commerce; Consumption (eco- nomics); Cost; Cost of living; Economics; Fi- nance; Manufactures; Mone\' ; Supply and demand; Value; Wages Refer from Ethics; \'anity (s) 293 Priesthood see Priests Priests vS'(V also Catliolic cluncli — Clergy; Ceiib ac\- ; Clergy; Ordinatiun Priests' holes see Secret chambers Prima donnas see Singers Primaries Hce also Caucus; Elections; Nominations Primary batteries see Electric batteries Primary education see Education, Elementary Primary elections see Primaries Primary schools see Education, Elementary Primates St-e also Apes; Gorillas; Mammals; Alan; Monkeys Prime ministers Primers See also Hornbooks ; Readers Primitive art see Art, Primitive Primitive Christianity see Church history — Early church Primitive culture see Civilization — History Primitive Industries see Industries, Primitive Primitive man see Man — Origin and antiq- uity; Savages Primitive society see Society, Primitive Primogeniture See also Entail; Inheritance Princes and princesses See also Courts and courtiers; Monarchy Princesses see Princes and princesses Principal and agent see Agency Principals, School, see School superintendents and principals Printers See also Typographical societies Printers' marks Printing ^SV^ also Block books ; Books ; Calico print- ing; Capitalization; Colophons; Color print- ing ; Electrotyping ; Embossing ; Incunabula ; Ink; Paper; Photography; Printers; Print- ers' marks; Printing presses; Proof reading; Publishers and publishing; Stereotyping; Title-pages ; Type ; Typesetting ; Typesetting machines; Typographical societies; Zincog- raphy Printing presses Prints see Engravings Prison see Prisons Prison escapes see Escapes Prison labor see Convict labor Prisoners, Discharged, see Discharged prisoners Refer from Catholic church — -Biography; Catholic church — ■ Clergy; Church of England — Clergy; Church polity; Clergy; Ministers of the gospel (s) ; Pastors (s) ; Priesthood (s) ; Protestant Episcopal church in the U. S. — Clergy Refer from Caucus; Direct nominations (s) ; Direct primaries (s) ; Elections; Elections — U. S. ; Government ; Nominations; Politics; Primary elections (s) ; U. S. — Politics Refer from Apes; Mammals; Monkeys Refer from Ministers of state; Statesmen Refer from Readers; Spellers; Textbooks Refer from Descent (s) ; Entail; Inheritance; La\ Refer from Biography; Courts and courtiers; Kings and rulers; Alonarchy; Princesses (s) ; Royalty (s) Refer from Biography; Printing Refer from. Incunabula; Marks, Printers' (s) ; Printing; Trade-marks Refer from Alphabet; Block books; Books; Communication; Industrial arts; Literature; Publishers and publishing; Stereotyping; Type; Typesetting; Typography (s) Refer from Machinery; Presses, Printing (s) ; Printing 204 Prisoners of war See also Concentration camps; also sub- head Prison life under various wars Prisons See also Con\'Ict labor; Crime and crimi- nals; Discharged prisoners; indeterminate sentence; Parole; Penal colonies; Police; Prisoners of war ; Probation s\stem ; Punish- ment ; Reformatories; Workhouses; also names of cities, subhead Prisons and re- formatories -u. s. See also Crime and criminals u. s. Private judgment See also Liberty of conscience ; Religious liberty Private libraries see Libraries, Private Private schools See also Academies (schools) ; Taxation, Exemption from Private theatricals see Amateur theatricals Privateering See also Alabama claims; Maritime law; Prizes (international law) ; Search, Right of Privileged classes See also Leisure class ; Monopolies Prize fighting see Boxing Prizes see Prizes (international law) ; Rewards (prizes, etc.) Prizes (international law) See also Contraband of war; Maritime law; Neutrality; Privateering; Salvage Probabilities See also Annuities ; Chance ; Errors, Theory of; Insurance; Least squares; Logic Probate law and practice See also Administrators and executors; Guardians; Inheritance; Jurisdiction; Trus- tees ; Wills Probation (theology) see Future life; Purga- tory Probation system See also Juvenile courts; Parole Procedure see Actions at law; Pleading and practice Process work see Photomechanical processes Processions See also Pageants Procrastination Producer gas see Gas; Gas producers Production see Economics; Industry Products, Agricultural, see Agricultural prod- ucts Refer from Military art and science; Prisons; War Refer from Convict labor; Con\'icts (s) ; Crime and criminals; Criminal law; Dun- geons (s) ; Gaols (s) ; Government; Imprison- ment (s) ; Indeterminate sentence; Jails (s) ; Penal institutions (s) ; Penitentiaries (s) ; Police; Prison (s) ; Public institutions (s) ; Pun- ishment; Reform; Reformatories; Sociology; Workhouses Refer from Crime and criminals U. S. — Prisons (s) U. S.; Refer from Liberty of conscience; Theology Refer from Academies (schools) ; Boarding schools (s) ; Education; Education, Element- ary; Education, Secondary; Schools Refer from International law; Letters of marque (s) ; Maritime law; Naval art and science; Naval history; Pirates; Prizes (inter- national law) Refer from Economics ; Government ; Monop- olies Refer from International law; Maritime law; Privateering; Prizes (s) ; Rewards (prizes, etc.) ; War Refer from Algebra; Betting; Certainty; Chance; Errors, Theory of; Fortune (s) ; Gambling; Least squares; Logic; Lotteries; Mathematics; Statistics Refer from Administrators and executors; Courts; Guardians; Inheritance; Law; Surro- gate law (s) ; Trustees; Wills Refer from Crime and criminals; Criminal law; Indeterminate sentence; Juvenile courts; Parole; Prisons; Punishment; Reformatories; Suspended sentence (s) Refer from l'"esliv;.!., , Pa :-ants Refer from Conduct of life 295 Products, Commercial, see Commercial prod- ucts Profanation see Sacrilege Profanity see Swearing Profession, Choice of Hce also Business; Occupations; Women — Occupations Professional education See also Law — Study and teaching; Library schools and training; Medicine — - Study and teaching; Technical education; Theology — Study and teaching; Vocational education Professional ethics see Legal ethics; Medical ethics Professions See also Clergy; Dentistry; Journalism; Law; Library science; Medicine; Occupa- tions; Profession, Choice of; Professional education ; Teaching Profit See also Capital; Economics; Interest; Wages Profit sharing See also Communism; Cooperation; In- dustrial betterment; Labor and capital; Labor and laboring classes Program music Progress See also Civilization; Economic determin- ism; Nineteenth century; Reform; Twenti- eth century Progressi\'e taxation see Taxation, Progressive Prohibited books See also Liberty of the press Prohibition See also Liquor laws; Liquor problem: Local option; Temperance Projectiles See also Ammunition ; Ballistics ; Firearms : Gunnery; Ordnance Projection See also Geometrical drawing; Geometry, Descriptive; Mechanical drawing; Perspec- tive Prologues See also Drama Promoting See also Corporations; Securities Promotion (in schools) see School grading and promotions Pronunciation See also Phonetics; Pronunciation, Eng- lish ; also names of languages other than I'.ng- lish, e.g. German language — Pronunciation English Prony brake see Dynamometer Proof see Evidence ; Logic Proof reading Propagation of [slants see Plant jircjpagation Refer from Business; Choice of profes- sion (s) ; Occupations; Professions; Success Refer from Education; Education, High- er (s) ; Education, Professional (s) ; Higher education (s) ; Professions; Technical educa- tion; Vocational education Refer from Occupations; Vocations (s) Refer from Business; Capital; Economics Refer from Commerce; Cooperation; Eco- nomics; Industrial" betterment; Labor and capital; Labor and laboring classes; Wages Refer fro7n Instrumental music; Music Refer from Civilization; Ethics; History; Sociology Refer from Books; Books and reading; Censorship of the press (s) ; Condemned books (s) ; Liberty of the press Refer from Liquor laws; Liquor problem; Liquor traffic; Local option; Temperance Refer from Ammunition; Artillery; Ballis- tics; Bullets (s) ; Firearms; Gunnery; Mili- tary art and science; Ordnance; Shells (ex- plosives) (s) Refer from Drawing; Geometrical drawing; Geometry, Descriptive; Mechanical drawing; Orthographic projection (s) ; Perspective Refer from D r a m a Refer from Advertising; Business; Capitali- zation (finance) (s) ; Corporations Refer from Elocution ; Language ; Ortho- epy (s) ; Phonetics; Words Refer from English language; English lan- g-uage — Pronunciation (s) ; Pronunciation Refer from Printing 296 Propellers See also Aerial propellers ; Steamboats Proper names see Names, Geographical; Names, Personal Property See also Administrators and executors; Appraising; Attachment; Capital; Church property; Communism; Confiscation; Con- veyancing; Copyright; Damages; Eminent domain; Entail; Estates, Unclaimed; In- come; Inheritance; Insurance; Land; Land titles; Liens; Alortgages; Personal property; Possession (law); Real estate; Rent; Sale; Salic law; Socialism; Taxation; Trespass; Wealth ; Wills Intellectual, see Copyright; Inventions; Patents Prophecies See also Apocalyptic literature; Bible — Prophecies; Divination; Forecasts; For- tune telling ; Jesus Christ ; Oracles ; Prophets ; Second advent Prophets See also Bible — • Prophecies ; Prophecies Proportion (art) See also Anatomy, Artistic; Composition (art); Perspective; Symmetry Proportional representation See also Representative representation )vernment and Proportional taxation j^^" Taxation, Progressive Proprietary medicines see Medicines, Proprie- tary Prose See also Literature; Rlictoric; and the references under these subjects Prosody See also Accent; Meter; Poetry; Prosody, English; Rhyme; Rhythm; Versification; also names of languages other than English, e.g. German language — Prosody English Prospecting See also Assaying; Mines and mineral res(jurces Prosperity See also Business depression; Panics Prostitution See also Illegitimacy; Sexual ethics; Vice Protection see Tariff question Protection from fire see Fire protection Protection from frost see Frost protection Protection of birds see Birds — Protection Refer from Marine engineering; Screw pro- pellers (s) ; Shipbuilding; Ships; Steamboats Refer from Chattels (s) ; Commercial law; Economics; Government; Law; Owner- ship (s) ; Personal property; Real estate; So- ciology; Wealth Refer from. Divination; Forecasts; Fu- ture (s) ; Predictions (s) ; Prophets; Theology Refer from Bible; Bible — Prophecies; Bible — Old Testament — Biography; Biography; Jews; Prophecies Refer from Anatomy, Artistic; Architecture; Art; Composition (art); Drawing; Esthetics; Figure drawing; Painting; Perspective; Sculp- ture ; Symmetry Refer from Constitutional law; Elections; Government; Minority representation (s) ; Representation (s) ; Representative govern- ment and representation Refer from Literature; Rhetoric Refer from Accent; Grammar; Language; Meter; Poetry; Rhyme; Versification Refer from English language; English lan- guage — Prosody (s) ; English poetry; Pros- ody Refer from Gold mines and mining; Mines and mineral resources Refer from Business; Commerce; Economics; Wealth Refer from Crime and criminals; Law; Sexual ethics; Social evil (s) ; Social problems; Vice; White sla\e trade (s) ; Women; Women — Crime 297 Protection of game see Game protection Protective mimicry see Mimicry (biology) Proteids see Proteins Proteins See also Chemistry, Organic; Physiologi- cal chemistry Protestant churches see Protestantism Protestant Episcopal church in the U. S. [subdivided like Church of England] See also Anglican communion; Apostolic succession; Christian year; Church of England; Confirmation; Episcopacy; Fasts and feasts; Ritualism; Sacraments; Sister- hoods Conventions Protestant reformation see Reformation Protestantism See also Catholic church; Reformation; Sects Protoplasm See also Biology; Cells; Embryology Protozoa See also Infusoria; Invertebrates Provencal language See also Romance languages Provencal literature See also French literature; Troubadours Proverbs See also Bible — Old Testament — Prov- erbs ; Epigrams; Folklore; Maxims; Quo- tations ; Weather lore Providence Provident loan associations see Building and loan associations Prudence See also Thrift Pruning See also Fruit culture Psalmody see Bible — Old Testament — Psalms; Church music; Hymns Psalter see Bible — - Old Testament — Psalms Pseudonyms See also Anonyms; Nicknames Psychiatry see Mental diseases Psychical research See also Animal magnetism; Apparitions; Clairvoyance; Ghosts; Hypnotism; Hyster- ia; Illusions and hallucinations; Mind read- ing; Occult sciences; Personality; Presenti- ments; Psychometry (character reading, etc.); Spiritualism; Subconsciousness; Sug- gestion; Thought transference Psychology See also Ability; Animal intelligence; Apparitions; Apperception; Association of ideas; Attention; Automatism; Belief; Brain; Character; Child study; Color sense; Common sense; Consciousness; Crowds; Refer from Chemistry, Organic; Food; Ph\'siological chemistry; Proteids (s) Refer from Anglican communion; Church of England; Episcopacy; Episcopal church (s) ; Sects Refer from Catholic church; Christianity; Church history; Protestant churches (s) ; Reformation ; Theology Refer from Biology; Bioplasm (s) ; Cells; Embryology; Physiology Refer from Animalcules; Cells; Infusoria; Invertebrates; Marine zoology Refer from French language ; Langue d'oc (s) ; Romance languages Refer from French literature; Troubadours Refer from Adages (s) ; Aphorisms (s) ; Apothegms (s) ; Epigrams; Folklore; Litera- ture; Maxims; Quotations; Sayings (s) Refer from God; Theology Refer from Conduct of life; Thrift Refer from Forests and forestry; Fruit culture; Gardening; Trees Refer from Anonyms ; Authors ; Bibliography ; Fictitious names (s) ; Names, Personal; Nick- names; Noms de plume (s) ; Sobriquets (s) ; Soubriquets (s) Refer from Apparitions; Clairvoyance; Ghosts; Hypnotism; Illusions and hallucina- tions ; Mind reading ; Occult sciences ; Personali- ty ; Psychology ; Research ; Spiritualism ; Super- natural; Thought transference Refer from Apperception; Association of ideas; Attention; Brain; Consciousness; Dreams; Education ; Emotions; Habit ; Human faculties (s) ; Imagination; Intellect; Intui- tion; Judgment; Knowledge; Man; Memory; 298 Psychology — Continued Dreams; Eccentricity; Ecstasy; Education; Emotions; Esthetics; Ethics; Ethnopsy- chology; Experience; Freedom of the will; Genius ; Graphology ; Habit ; Heredity ; Hyp- notism; Hysteria; Illusions and hallucina- tions; Imagination; Imitation; Individ- uality; Insanity; Instinct; Intellect; In- tuition; Judgment; Knowledge; Logic; Ivlelancholy ; Memory; Mental diseases; Mental healing; Alental hygiene; Meta- physics; Mind and body; Mind reading; Muscular sense; New thought; Observa- tion; Perception; Personality; Philosophy; Phrenology; Physiognomy; Play; Pleasure; Precocity; Presentiments; Psychical re- search; Reaction time; Reason; Senses and sensation; Sleep; Social psychology; Som- nambulism; Soul; Subconsciousness; Sug- gestion; Temperament; Thought and think- ing; Thought transference; Will; Worry Biblical, see Bible — Psychology Comparative See also Animal intelligence; Color sense; Ethnopsychology ; Instinct; Play; Social psychology Educational See also Apperception; Attention ; Child study; Imagination; Imitation; Interest (psychology) ; Memory ; Mental discipline ; Observation; Perception; Thought and thinking Ethnic, see Ethnopsychology Experimental, see Psychology, Physiolo- gicaj Pathological, see Mental diseases — — Physiological See also Brain; Fatigue, Mental; Inhibition; Left- and right-handedness; Alental diseases; Mind and body; Muscu- lar sense; Nervous system; Pain; Phre- nology; Psychometry; Reaction time; Senses and sensation ; Space perception Racial, see Ethnopsychology Social, see Social psychology Psychometry See also Reaction time Psychometry (character reading, etc.) Psychopathic hospitals see Insane hospitals Psychosis see Mental diseases Psychotherapy j^^ Mental healing; Suggestive therapeutics Psychrometer see Hygrometry Ptomaines See also Putrefaction; Toxins Puberty See also Youth Public baths see Baths, Public Public buildings Sre also Library architecture; Municipal centers; I^ublic works; Schoolhouses ; also names of countries and cities, subhead Public buildings Mental philosophy (s) ; Mental science (s) ; Metaphysics; Mind (s) ; Mind and body; Per- ception; Personality; Philosophy; Reason; Science; Senses and sensation; Soul; Thought and thinking; Understanding (s) ; W^il' Refer from Animal intelligence; Animal psychology (s) ; Comparative psychology (s) ; Instinct; Intellect; Intelligence of animals (s) ; Zoology Refer from Apperception; Attention; Child study ; Education ; Educational psychology (s) ; Mental discipline; Teaching Refer from Experimental psychology (s) ; Mental physiology (s) ; Mind and body ; Muscu- lar sense; Nervous system; Physiological psy- chology (s) ; Physiology; Psychology, Experi- mental (s) ; Reaction time; Senses and sensa- tion Refer from Anthropometry; Brain; Psy- chology, Physiological; Reaction time Refer from Character reading (s) ; Clair- voyance; Psychical researcli Refer from Alkaloids; Pathology; Poison (s) ; Poisons; Putrefaction; Toxins Refer from Physiology; Sex; Youth Refer from Architecture; Buildings, Pub- lic (s) ; Government buildings (s) ; Municipal art; Municipal buildings (s) ; Municipal cen- ters ; Public works 299 Public comfort stations Public debts see Debts, Public Public documents see Government publica- tions Public health see Hygiene, Public Public health boards see Health boards Public institutions see Charities; Prisons; Public schools Public lands See also National parks and reserves; also names of countries and cities, subhead Public lands Public libraries see Libraries, Public Public meetings See also Assembly, Right of; also names of countries and cities, subhead Conventions and public meetings Public opinion Public ownership see Government ownership; Municipal ownership Public playgrounds see Playgrounds Public records see Archives Public schools See also Bible in the schools; Country schools; Education; Education and state; Evening and continuation schools; Grammar schools; High schools; Libraries and schools; Open-air schools; Public schools and reli- gion; School children; Schools; Schools — Centralization; Teachers; Teaching; Tru- ancy; Truant schools; Vacation schools; Vocational education; also headings begin- ning School U. S. ■S^^" also Education — U. S. Public schools and religion See also Bible in the schools Public service commissions See also Government regulation of in- dustry; Railroad commissions Public service corporations See also Carriers; Eminent domain; Ex- press companies; Gas companies; Govern- ment ownership; Government regulation of industry ; Municipal franchises ; Municipal ownership; Public service commissions; Railroads; Street railroads; Telegraph; Telephone Public speaking see Oratory Public spirit see Citizenship; Patriotism Public utilities see Public service corporations Public works See also Municipal engineering; Public buildings; also names of countries and cities, subhead Public works Public worship see Church attendance; Church services Publicity See also Advertising; Campaign funds Refer from Hygiene, Public; Municipal im- provement; Sanitary engineering Refer from Crown lands (s) ; Land Refer from Assembly, Right of; Meetings, Pubfic (s) Refer from Liberty of conscience; Liberty of the press; Opinion (s) ; People; Social psy- chology Refer from Common schools (s) ; Education; Education and state; Free schools (s) ; Public institutions (s) ; Schools Refer from Education — U. S. ; U. S. — Public schools (s) ; U. S. — Schools (s) Refer fro ?n Bible in the schools; Church and education; Education; Public schools; Reli- gion in the public schools (s) ; Religious educa- tion Refer from Government regulation of indus- try; Public service corporations Refer from Corporations; Eminent domain ; Government ownership; Government regula- tion of industry ; Municipal franchises; Munic- ipal ownership; Public utilities (s) Refer from Civil engineering; engineering; Public buildings Municipal Refer from Advertising; Corporations; Journalism; Newspapers 300 -ifii Uqioinul ' .oiO TOO'\"\ T--.\^'A Dilr -E'jildiJ'j liiornn 13".' ziioz'n^l ildua ,23ijiD bn Dildol , : qiriaianv/o Jnamm '.bnuoTg Dildij4 ; (a) aloorf'j' 3 bns noiiKDi; ■?. bne noijED' .r-:T i...y ■A'A .2 .U. ■\L •mavoO l3i3n7/o Ifiqi -xjI jiiifiinob ] -rnovoO ; aain iBqiDtnuM ; ea ; anoiaaimmoo ; dqm§3lo T Ij.qijiiiui/'.. ;iinrj- ldu*l ;§nii33nign3 bnB eaiiJi co?^ Publishers and publishing Sf-t' also Book reviews; Books; Booksellers and bookselling; Catalogs, Publishers'; Copyright; Printing Publishers' catalogs see Catalogs, Publishers' Publishing see Publishers and publishing Pueblo Indians See also Pueblos Pueblos [the buildings and villages] See also Cliff dwellers and cliff dwellings ; Pueblo Indians Pugilism see Boxing Puileys See also Belting; Power transmission; Rope driving; Shafting Pulp wood sse Wood pulp Pulpit oratory see Preaching Pulpits See also Church furniture Pulpwood see Wood pulp Pumping stations See also Pumps; Water supply Pumps See also Air pumps; Pumping stations Punch and Judy see Puppet plays Punching machinery See also Dies Punctuation Punic wars See also Carthage; Rome — History — Republic Punishment See also Capital punishment ; Corporal punishment; Crime and criminals; Criminal law; Crucifixion; Exile; Flogging; Future punishment; Galleys; Indeterminate sen- tence; Parole; Penal colonies; Pillory; Pris- ons; Probation system; Reformatories; Torture; Workhouses Punning See also Humor Puppet plays See also Shadow pantomimes Pure food laws see Food adulteration and in- spection; Food laws Purgatives Purgatory See also Future life; Future punishment; Indulgences Purification of water see Water — Purification Puritanism see Puritans Puritans See also Blue laws; Church of England; Congregationalism; Dissenters; Friends, So- ciety of; Marprelatc controversy ; Massachu- setts — History; Nonjurors; Pilgrim fath- ers; Presbyterianism ; Thanksgiving day Refer from Book trade (s) ; Books; Book- sellers and bookselling; Copyright; Literature; Printing; Publishing (s) Refer from Indians; Pueblos Refer from Arizona; Indians; Indians — Antiquities; New Mexico; Pueblo Indians Refer from Belting; Machinery; Mechanical movements; Mechanics; Power transmission; Rope driving; Shafting Refer from Church furniture Refer from Hydraulic engineering; Pumps; Water supply Refer from Engines; Hydraulic engineering; Hydraulic machinery; Machinery; Pumping stations ; Steam pumps (s) ; Water supply Refer from Dies; Machine tools; Metal work; Sheet-metal work Refer from Language; Rhetoric; Writing Refer from Carthage; Rome — ^ History — Republic Refer from Crime and criminals; Criminal law; Government ; Law; Manners and customs ; Penology (s) ; Prisons; Retribution (s) ; Soci- ology; Torture Refer from Humor Refer from Amusements; Drama; Mario- nettes (s) ; Pantomime; Punch and Judy (s) ; Theater Refer froyn Therapeutics Refer from Catholic church; Church disci- pline; Death; Eschatology; Future life; Future punishment; Indulgences; Intermediate state (s) ; Probation (theology) (s) ; Retribu- tion (s) ; Theology Refer from Calvinism; Christian biography; Church of England; Congregationalism; Dis- senters; Massachusetts — History; Pilgrim fathers; Puritanism (s) 301 Purity see Chastity Pus see Suppuration Puseyism see Oxford movement; Pusey, E. B. Putrefaction See also Antiseptics; Bacteriology; Con- tagion and contagious diseases; Disinfection and disinfectants; Fermentation; Ptomaines Puzzles See also Acrostics; Anagrams; Charades; Riddles Pygmies see Dwarfs Pyramids See also Egypt — Antiquities Pyrography See also Arts and crafts Pyrometers and pyrometry Pyrotechnics see Fireworks Quacks and quackery See also Imposture; Medicines, Proprie- tary; Swindlers and swindling Quadrature of the circle see Circle-squaring Quadrupeds See also Animals; Domestic animals; Mammals; Zoology Quakers see Friends, Society of Qualitative analysis see Chemistry — Analysis Quantitative analysis see Chemistry — Analysis Quarantine See also Hygiene, Public Quarries and quarrying See also Blasting; Building stones; Mines and mineral resources; Stone Quartets, Vocal, see Choruses and part songs Quaternary period see Geology, Stratigraphic — Quaternary ; Paleontology — Quaternary Quaternions See also Algebra ; Vector analysis Queen Anne's war, 1702-1713 See also Indians — • Wars; U. S. — History — Colonial period Queens and empresses SV^ also Courts and courtiers; Monarchy Quicksilver see Mercury Quietism See also Mysticism Quincy system See also Object teaching Quotations See also Clippings; Daily readings; Epi- grams; Maxims; Mottoes; Proverbs Refer from Antiseptics; Bacteriology; Con- tagion and contagious diseases; Disinfection and disinfectants; Fermentation; Ptomaines Refer from Acrostics; Amusements; Cha- rades ; Riddles Refer from Archaeology; Architecture; Archi- tecture, Ancient ; Egypt — Antiquities ; Monu- ments Refer from Arts and crafts ; Burnt leather (s) ; Burnt wood work (s) ; Etching; Fire etching (s) Poker work (s) ; Wood burning (s) ; Woodwork Refer from Heat; Thermometer Refer from Charlatanry (s) ; Imposture; Medical delusions; Medicine; Swindlers and swindling Refer from Mammals; Zoology Refer from Contagion and contagious dis- eases; Epidemics; Hygiene, Public; Naval hygiene Refer from Blasting; Building stones; Ge- ology, Economic; Mines and mineral resources; Stone; Stone quarries (s) Refer from Algebra; Geometry; Mathemat- ics ; V'ector analysis Refer from England — History — -Stuarts; French in America; Indians — Wars; New England — History — Colonial period ; New York (state) — History; Spanish succession, War of; U. S. — History — Colonial period Refer from Biography; Courts and courtiers; Empresses (s) ; Kings and rulers; Monarchy; Rulers (s) ; Royalty (s) ; Sovereigns (s) ; Women Refer from Mysticism; Theology Refer from Object teaching; Teaching Refer from Aphorisms (s) ; Apothegms (s) ; Epigrams; Literature; Maxims; Mottoes; Poetry ; Proverbs ; Reference books ; Sayings (s) 302 Quran see Koran Rabbits See also Belgian hares; Hares; Rodents Rabies see Hydrophobia Race characteristics see Anthropology; Eth- nology; National characteristics Race horses see Horse; Horse racing Race improvement see Eugenics Race problems See also Immigration and emigration; In- ternational relations ; Jews ; Negroes ; Yellow races U. S. See also Chinese in the U. S. ; Immi- gration and emigration — U. S. ; Indians; Japanese in the U. S. ; Negroes; U. S. — Foreign population Race psychology see Ethnopsychology Races of man see Ethnology Racing see Automobile racing; Horse racing; Rowing; Running; Yachts and yachting Rackets (game) Racquets see Rackets (game) Radiation See also Cathode rays; Heat; Light; N rays ; Radioactivity ; Sound ; Spectra ; X rays Radioactive substances see Radioactivity Radioactivity See also Cathode rays ; Electrons ; Helium ; Ionization of gases; Phosphorescence; Ra- diography; Radiotherapy; Radium; X rays Radiography See also X rays Radiotelegraphy see Wireless telegraphy Radiotherapy See also Radium; X rays Radium See also Radioactivity; Radiotherapy Ragged schools Railings See also Fences Railroad accidents see Railroads — Accidents Railroad bridges see Bridges Railroad commissions Railroad construction see Railroads — Con- struction Railroad crossings see Railroads — Crossings Railroad employees see Railroads — Employees Railroad engineering See also Railroads — Construction; Rail- roads — Maintenance and repair; Railroads — Management; Surveying Refer from Agricultural pests; Hares; Ro- dents Refer from Ethnology ; Government ; History ; International relations; Man; Native races (s) ; Social problems; Sociology; Yellow peril (s) Refer from Ethnology — U. S. ; Immigra- tion and emigration — U. S. ; Negroes ; U. S. — Foreign population; U. S. — Race prob- lems (s) Refer fro ?n Games; Racquets (s) ; Tennis Refer from Heat; Light; Physics; Sound Refer from Becquerel rays (s) ; Chemistry; Chemistry, Physical; Electric discharges through gases; Electricity; Electrons; Helium; Ionization of gases; Light; Matter; Physics; Radiation; Radioactive substances (s) ; Ra- dium; Rare earths; Science; Spectra Refer from Dislocations; Fractures; Photog- raphy; Radioactivity; Sciagraphs (s) ; Skia- graphs (s) ; X-ray photography (s) ; X rays Refer from Actinotherapy (s) ; Electrothera- peutics ; Phototherapy; Radioactivity; Radi- um; Therapeutics; X rays Refer from Chemical elements; Precious metals; Radioactivity; Radiotherapy Refer from Charities ; Charity schools ; Edu- cation ; Schools Refer from Architecture; Balustrades (s) ; Carpentry; Fences; Hand-railings (s) ; Hand- railings (s) ; Iron work; Stair building Refer from Government regulation of in- dustry; Public service commissions; Rail- roads ; Railroads — Law Refer from Civil engineering; Engineering; Railroads; Railroads — Construction; Sur- veying i°i Railroad labor see Railroads — Employees Railroad law see Railroads — Law Railroad passes see Passes (free transportation) Railroad rates see Railroads — Rates Railroad shops see Railroads — Shops Railroad signals see Railroads — Signals Railroad spikes see Nails and spikes Railroad stations see Railroads — Stations Railroad stories Railroad switches see Railroads — Switches Railroad terminals see Railroads — Stations Railroad ties see Railroads — Ties Railroad tracks see Railroads — Track Railroads See also Aerial railroads; Air brakes; Brakes; Bridges; Cable railroads; Carriers; Cars; Commerce; Earthwork; Electric rail- roads; Elevated railroads; Eminent domain; Express companies; Freight; Locomotives; Mountain railroads; Passes (free transpor- tation); Railroad commissions; Railroad engineering; Railroad stories; Railway mail service; Rapid transit; Safety devices; Ship railroads ; Speed ; Steam engines ; Street railroads; Subways; Surveying; Suspended railways; Train despatching; Transporta- tion; Trestles; Tunnels Accidents See also Railroads — Crossings ; Rail- roads — Signals; Safety devices Aerial, see Aerial railroads Baggage, see Baggage Buildings See also Railroads — Shops; Railroads — Stations Cable, see Cable railroads Cars, see Cars; Railroads — Rolling stock Collisions, see Railroads — Accidents Construction See also Bridges; Ci\il engineering; Culverts; Curves in engineering; Earth- work; Railroad engineering; Railroads — Buildings; Railroads — Crossings; Rail- roads — Maintenance and repair; Rail- roads — Ties; Railroads — Track; Rails; Trestles ; Tunnels Crossings See also Railroads — Track -Depots, see Railroads — Stations -Electric, see Electric railroads -Electrification Sec also Electric locomotives; Electric railroads Refer from Fiction; Railroads Refer from Carriers; Commerce; Communi- cation; Locomotives; Public service corpora- tions; Railways (s) ; Rapid transit; Roads; Steam engines; Transportation Refer from Accidents ; Collisions (railroad) (s) ; Disasters; Occupations, Dangerous; Railroad accidents (s) ; Railroads — Collisions (s) Refer from Architecture; Railroads — Con- struction; Railroads — Stations Refer from Civil engineering; Engineering; Railroad construction (s) ; Railroad engineer- ing; Railroads — Maintenance and repair; Railroads — Ties ; Railroads — Track Refer from Crossings, Railroad (s) ; Grade crossings (s) ; Municipal improvement; Rail- road crossings (s) ; Railroads — Accidents; Railroads — Construction ; Railroads — Track ; Roads Refer from Electric locomotives; Electric railroads; Electrification of railroads (s) ; Railroads — liquipment and supplies -Elevated, see Elevated railroads -Employees See also Railroads — Pensions Refer from Labor and laboring classes; Railroad cmplayces (s) ; Railroad labor (s) ; Railroads — Labor (s) ; Railroads — Manage- ment 304 ; noijoi evEv/,'. /:) anoieilloO — ebBoilisil • ;ann93/ii§n3 ;gnh 3 bfiOlIk^ nSS'b':"':':^ jufnoi^ou^a^oo^ t.^^l^s^ 3 jRo-\\ ■%<\'^9l. - - -i ebfioil 1 ;?-v-i , „ .1 — >K, .,-...::, .a or. Railroads — Continued Equipment and supplies See also Air brakes; Brakes; Car coup- Refer from Railroads — -Maintenance and lings; Car heating, lighting and ventila- repair; Railroads — Management; Railroads tion ; Cars; Locomotives; Railroads — — Rolling stock Electrification ; Railroads — Maintenance and repair; Railroads — Management; Railroads — -Rolling stock; Railroads — Shops; Railroads- — Signals; Safety de- vices Finance See also Railroads — Rates; Railroads Refer from Capitalization (finance) (s) ; — Taxation Investments; Railroads — Alanagement Freight, see Freight Government ownership, see Government ownership; Railroads and state History Labor, see Railroads — - Employees Law See also Interstate commerce; Railroad Refer from Corporation law; Railroad commissions; Railroads — Rates; Rail- law (s) roads and state Maintenance and repair S^^ fl/j"o Railroads — Construction; Rail- Refer from Railroad engineering; Railroads roads — Equipment and supplies; Rail- — Construction; Railroads — -Equipment and roads — Management ; Railroads — - Roll- supplies ; Railroads — Alanagement ; Railroads ing stock ; Railroads — Ties ; Railroads — — Rolling stock ; Railroads — Track Track ; Rails Management See also Railroads — Employees; Rail- Refer from Railroad engineering; Railroads roads — -Equipment and supplies; Rail- — Equipment and supplies; Railroads — roads — Finance; Railroads — Mainte- Maintenance and repair; Railroads — Opera- nance and repair; Railroads — Signals; tion (s) ; Scientific management Scientific management; Train despatching Military Refer from Military art and science; Military engineering; Military railroads (s) — — Monorail, see Railroads — Single rail Operation, see Railroads — Management Passes, see Passes (free transportation) Pensions Refer from Pensions; Railroads — Employees Rails, see Rails Rates See also Interstate commerce; Passes Refer from Freight; Freight rates (s) ; Gov- (free transportation) crnment regulation of industry; Interstate commerce; Prices; Railroad rates (s) ; Rail- roads — Finance; Railroads — Law; Rail- roads and state; Rates, Railroad (s) ; Rebates (railroads) (s) Repair shops, see Railroads — Shops Rolling stock See also Cars; Locomotives; Railroads Refer from Cars; Railroads — Cars (s) ; — Equipment and supplies; Railroads — Railroads — Equipment and supplies; Rail- Maintenance and repair ; Sleeping cars roads — Maintenance and repair; Rolling Safety devices, see Safety devices stock (s) Shops Refer from Car shops (s) ; Railroad shops (s) ; Railroads — Buildings ; Railroads — Equip- ment and supplies; Railroads — Repair shops (s) ; Repair shops. Railroad (s) ; Shops (s) Signals Refer from Block signal system (s) ; Rail- road signals (s) ; Railroads — Accidents; Rail- roads — Equipment and supplies; Railroads — Management; Safety devices; Signals Single rail SV^" a/jo Gyroscope ; Suspended railways Refer from Electric railroads; Gyroscope; Monoraihvays (s) ; Railroads, Monorail (s) ; Single rail (s) 30s Railroads — Continued Stations See also Railroads — Buildings Suspended, see Suspended railways Switches See also Railroads — Track Taxation Terminals, see Railroads — Stations Ties See also Railroads — Construction ; Rail- roads — Track; Wood — Preservation Track See also Railroads — Construction; Railroads — Crossings ; Railroads — Main- tenance and repair ; Railroads — Switches ; Railroads — Ties ; Rails Underground, see Subways U. S. Railroads and state See also Go\'ernment ownership; Govern- ment regulation of industry; Interstate commerce; Railroads — Rates Rails See also Railroads — Track Railway mail service See also Postal service Railways see Railroads Rain See also Droughts; Meteorology Rainbow Ramie See also Fibers Rams, Hydraulic, see Hydraulic rams Ranch life See also Cowboys; Western states Range management see Farm management Rapid transit See also Electric railroads ; Elevated rail- roads; Railroads; Street railroads; Subways Rappists see Harmonists Rare books see Book rarities Rare earths S^t'rt/jo Chemistry, Inorganic ; Mineralogy; Radioactivity Rasps see Files and rasps Rat see Rats Rates, Railroad, see Railroads — Rates Rationalism See also Deism; Enlightenment; Free thought; Reason; Transcendentalism Refer from Architecture; Depots (s) ; Rail- road stations (s) ; Railroad terminals (s) ; Railroads — Buildings ; Railroads — De- pots (s) ; Railroads — Terminals (s) ; Stations, Railroad (s) Refer from Railroad switches (s) ; Rail- roads — Track; Switches, Railroad (s) Refer from Railroads — Finance; Taxation Refer from Cross-ties (s) ; Railroad ties (s) ; Railroads — Construction ; Railroads — Main- tenance and repair; Railroads — Track; Steel ties (s) ; Ties, Railroad (s) Refer from Railroad tracks (s) ; Railroads — Construction; Railroads — Crossings; Rail- roads — Maintenance and repair; Railroads — Switches; Railroads — Ties; Rails; Track, Railroad (s) Refer from Interstate commerce; U. S. — Commerce; U. S. — Railroads (s) Refer from Government ; Government owner- ship ; Government regulation of industry; Interstate commerce; Railroads — Govern- ment ownership (s) ; Railroads — Law Refer from Railroads — Construction; Rail- roads — Maintenance and repair; Railroads — Rails (s) ; Railroads — Track; Steel; Steel rails (s) Refer from Postal service; Railroads Refer from Climate; Droughts; Meteor- ology; Storms; Water Refer from Light; Meteorology Refer from Fibers; Hemp Refer from Cowboys ; Farm life ; Frontier and pioneer life; Western states Refer from Electric railroads; Elevated rail- roads; Railroads; Street railroads; Subways; Transit (s) ; Transportation Refer from Chemistry, Inorganic; Earths, Rare (s) ; Mineralogy; Precious minerals (s) Refer from Agnosticism; Belief; Deism; Free thought ; Materialism ; Philosophy; Phi- losophy, IVlodcrn ; Reason (in religion) (s) ; Religion; Skepticism; Theology 306 Rats See also Rats as carriers of contagion; Rodents Rats as carriers of contagion Raw materials see Commercial products Reaction, Chemical, see Chemical reaction Reaction time See also Psychology, Physiological ; Psy- chometry Readers [for English school readers] See also Primers; Recitations and read- ings; also names of languages, e.g. German language — Readers Reading See also Books and reading; Elocution; Readers Readings see Recitations and readings Ready-reckoners See also Mathematics — Tables, etc. Reagents See also Chemical reaction Real estate See also Church property; Conveyancing; Deeds; Easements; Eminent domain; En- tail; Estates, Unclaimed; Farm values; Farms; Land; Land tenure; Land titles; Landlord and tenant; Liens; Mortgages; Possession (in law); Property; Real estate business; Rent; Riparian rights; Sale; Single tax; Taxation; Torrens system; Un- earned increment Real estate business Real presence see Lord's supper; Transubstan- tiation Real property see Real estate Realism See also Idealism; Naturalism; Realism in art; Realism in literature; Scholasticism Realism in art See also Idealism in art; Naturalism in art Realism in literature See also Idealism in literature; Naturalism in literature Realism in philosophy see Realism Reality See also Being; Metaphysics Realty see Real estate Reapers see Harvesting machinery Reaping machines see Harvesting machinery Reason See also Animal intelligence; Instinct; Judgment; Logic; Philosophy; Psychology; Thought and thinking Reason (in religion) see Rationalism Reasoning see Logic Rebates (railroads) see Railroads — Rates Refer from Household pests ; Rat (s) ; Rodents Refer frotn Contagion and contagious dis- eases ; Rats Refer from Consciousness; Psychology; Psychology, Physiological; Psychometry; Senses and sensation; Time, Reaction (s) Refer from English language — Readers (s) ; Literature ; Primers ; Reading ; Recitations and readings; Textbooks Refer from Elocution Refer from Arithmetic; Arithmetic, Com- mercial; Calculation — Aids (s) ; Calcula- tors (s) ; Mathematics Refer from Chemical reaction; Chemical reagents (s) ; Chemistry Refer from Betterments (s) ; Commercial law; Conveyancing; Deeds; Easements; In- vestments; Land; Land tenure; Land titles; Law; Mortgages; Property; Real property (s) ; Realty (s) Refer from Business; Investments; Real estate Refer from Idealism; Naturalism; Phi- losophy; Realism in philosophy (s) ; Scholasti- cism Refer from Art; Esthetics; Idea'ism in art; Naturalism in art; Painting; Realism Refer from Esthetics; Fiction; Idealism in literature ; Literature ; Naturalism in literature; Realism Refer from Being; Knowledge; Metaphysics; Philosophy Refer from Intellect; Judgment; Logic; Phi- losophy; Psychology; Rationalism; Thought and thinking 307 Rebates of duties see Drawbacks Rebellion ^ee also Revolutions; also names of countries in which rebellions have taken place, e.g. U. S. — History — Civil war Recall See also Referendum Receipts See also Cookery Receivers See also Bankruptcy Recipes see Cooker}'; Receipts Reciprocity See also Commercial treaties; Tariff question Recitations and readings See also Christmas poetry; Dialogues; English literature — Collections; English poetry — Collections ; Literature — Collec- tions ; Aionologues ; Orations; Poetry — Col- lections; Readers Dialect Humorous Reclamation of land See also Alkali lands; Drainage; Irriga- tion; Jetties; Marshes Recognition (international law) Reconstruction See also Fr^edmen; Ku-Klux Klan Southern states; U. S. — History — 1865- i8q8 Records, Public, see Archives Records of births, marriages and deaths see Vital records Recreation see Amusements; Games; Play; Sports Recreation centers see Social centers Recruiting and enlistment See also Bounties, Military; Conscription; Military service Rectors see Clergy Red cross See also Battlefield relief Redemption see Salvation Redemptioners See also Indentured servants Reed organ Refer from Government; Revolutions Refer from Elections ; Government ; Impeach- ment; Municipal government; Referendum Refer from Chemistry ; Chemistry, Technical ; Home economics; Industrial arts; Manufac- tures ; Recipes (s) ; Workshop receipts (s) Refer from Agency; Bankruptcy; Corpora- tions ; Law Refer from Commerce; Commercial treaties; Fair trade (s) ; Government; Tariff; Tariff^ question Refer from Declamation (s) ; Dialogues; Elocution; English literature — Collections; Entertainments; Literature; Literature — Col- lections; Alonologues ; Pieces to speak (s) ; Poetry — Collections; Readers; Readings (s) ; Speakers (s) Refer from Dialect recitations (s) ; Negro dialect Refer from Humor; Humorous recita- tions (s) Refer from Agriculture; Civil engineering; Conservation of resources; Deserts; Drainage; Engineering; Hydraulic engineering; Irriga- tion ; Land ; Marshes Refer from International law; War Refer from Carpetbag rule (s) ; Freedmen; Ku-Klux Klan; Southern states; U. S. — -His- tory — Civil war; U. S. — History — 1865- 1898; U. S. — History — Reconstruction (s) , U. S. — Reconstruction (s) Refer from Armies; Bounties, Military; Conscription; Enlistment (s) ; Military service Refer from Battlefield relief; Disasters; Hospitals, Military; International law; Nurses and nursing; Relief work (s) ; War Refer from Germans in Pennsylvania; Im- migration and emigration — U. S. ; Inden- tured servants; Slaver\-; U. S. — History — Colonial period Refer frotn Cabinet organ (s) ; Harmoni- um (s) ; Musical instruments; Organ 308 Reference books See also Allusions; Classical dictionaries; Dictionaries; Encyclopedias; Quotations; also subhead Dictionaries under various subjects Referendum See also Recall Reflecting telescope see Telescope Reflection (light) See also Light; Optical Instruments Reflections see Meditations Reforestation see Forest planting Reform See also Charities; Reformers; Social problems; also Civil service reform, Prisons, and other subjects of reform Reform schools see Reformatories Reformation See also Catholic church — History; Church history; Counter-reformation; Hus- sites; Protestantism; Reformers; Thirty years' war; also names of countries and churches France See also France — History — House of Valois ; France — Religious history; Huguenots ; Waldenses Germany See also Anabaptists; Germany — His- tory — 1517-1740; Germany — Religious history; Lutheran church; Peasants' war Scotland See also Church of Scotland; Covenant- ers; Scotland — Religious history Spain See also Inquisition; Spain — History — 1479-1700; Spain — Religious history Reformatories See also Juvenile courts; Prisons; Pro- bation system Reformed church in America [Dutch] Reformed Dutch church in America see Re- formed church in America Reform tars See also Reformation Refraction See also Astronomy, Spherical and practi- cal ; Light Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery .S'(7' also Cold storage; Ice; ice — Manu-. facturc ; Liquid air Refer from Bibliography; Books; Books and reading; Libraries Refer from Constitutional law; Democracy; Direct legislation (s) ; Government; Initia- tive (s) ; Legislation ; Legislation, Direct (s) ; Municipal government; Recall; Representa- tive go\ernment and representation Refer from Light; Optical instruments Refer from Progress; Social problems; Social reform (s) Refer frorji Catholic church — History; Christianity; Church history; Church history — Reformation (s) ; Church history — Mod- ern ; Counter-reformation; History, Modern; Protestant reformation (s) ; Protestantism ; Re- formers Refer from France — History — House of Valois; France — Religious history; Hugue- nots ; Waldenses Refer from Germany — History — 1517- 1740; Germany — ■ Religious history; Lutheran church; Peasants' war Refer from Church of Scotland ; Covenanters ; Scotland — Religious history Refer from Inquisition ; Spain — History — 1479-1700; Spain — Religious history Refer from Crime and criminals; Education; Industrial schools (s) ; Juvenile delinquency; Juvenile reformatories (s) ; Penal institu- tions (s) ; Prisons; Punishment; Reform schools (s) Refer from Dutch reformed church (s) ; Reformed Dutch church in America (s) ; Sects Refer from Biography; Christian biography; Reform; Reformation Refer from Astronomy, Spherical and practi- cal; Dioptrics (s) ; Light Refer from Cold storage; Cooling applian- ces (s) ; Food preservation and preservatives; Freezing (s) ; Frost; Ice; Ice — Manufac- ture; Ice machinery (s) ; Machinery; Re- frigerators (s) 309 Refrigerators see Cold storage; Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery Refuse and refuse disposal See also Sewage; Street cleaning; Waste products; Water pollution Regalia See also Church vestments; Costume; Crowns ; Insignia Regattas see Rowing; Sailing; Yachts and yachting Regency Regeneration (biology) See also Biolog)'; Cells Regeneration (theology) See also Baptism; Conversion; Salvation Regicides See also Charles I, king of Eng.'and; England — History — Stuarts ; England — History — Civil war and commonwealth Regimental histories. For regiments of regular armies see under various countries, e.g. U.S. — Army — 25th infantry ; for state volunteer regiments and militia see under states, e.g. New York artillery — 9th regiment; for volunteer regiments recruited at large see under country, e.g. United States volunteer infantry — 2d regiment; also names by which regiments are known, e.g. Rough Rider* Registers See also Almanacs; Yearbooks [for annual registers] ; also names of places, religious denominations, etc. Registers of births, marriages and deaths see Vital records Registration laws see Election laws Reign of terror see French revolution Reincarnation see Preexistence ; Transmigration Reindeer See also Ungulata Reinforced concrete see Concrete, Reinforced Relationship see Consanguinity Relaxation see Amusements; Rest Relics See also Miracles; Saints; Shrines Relief work see Battlefield relief; Charities; Disasters; Famines; First aid in illness and injury; Outdoor relief; Red cross Religion For the Christian doctrines see Theology; for evidences see Christianity — -Evidences; See also Allegories; Atheism; Authority (in religion); Belief; Bible; Christianity; Con- science; Consolation; Deism; Devotional exercises; Ecstasy; Ethics; Evil; Faith; Fanaticism; Fasts and feasts; Free religion; Future life; God; Hymns; Idolatry; Jesus Christ; Miracles; Missions; Monasticism; Refer from Disposal of refuse (s) ; Factory waste _(s); Garbage (s) ; Hygiene, Public; Municipal engineering; Municipal improve- ment; Sanitary chemistry; Sanitary engineer- ing; Sanitation; Street cleaning; Trades waste (s) ; Waste, Disposal of (s) ; Waste products Refer from Costume; Insignia Refer from Government; Monarchy Refer from Biology; Cells; Growth; Repro- duction Refer from Baptism; Conversion; Salvation; Theology Refer from Biography; Crime and criminals; England — History — Stuarts ; England — History — Civil war and commonwealth Refer from Deer; Ungulata Refer from Christian antiquities; Miracles; Shrines; Superstition Refer from Christianity; Ethics; Faith; God; Man; Natural religion; Philosophy; Revelation ; Sociology ; Supernatural ; Theology 310 Religion — Continued Mysteries (religious); Mysticism; Myth- ology; Natural religion; Oracles; Paganism; Pantheism; Philosophy; Positivism; Prayer; Rationalism; Religion and ethics; Religion and science ; Religion of the future ; Religions ; Religious education; Religious liberty; Re- ligious literature; Religious orders; Religious poetry; Repentance; Revelation; Revivals; Ritualism; Sacraments; Sacrilege; Sacri- fice; Saints; Sects; Secularism; Sermons; Sin; Skepticism; Spiritual life; Sunday; Supernatural; Superstition; Symbolism; Theism; Theosophy; Totems and totemism; Worship; also headings beginning Christian and Church, and names of countries, subhead Religion or Religious history Personal, see Christian life and character; Spiritual life Philosophy Religion and education see Church and educa- tion Religion and ethics Religion and evolution see Religion and science Religion and medicine see Medicine and re- ligion Religion and science See also Bible and science; Creation; Evo- lution; Modernism; Natural religion Religion and sociology see Christian sociology; Social ethics Religion and the public schools see Public schools and religion Religion of humanity see Positivism Religion of the future Refer from Philosophy of religion (s) Refer from Ethics; Ethics and religion (s) ; Religion Refer from Bible; Bible and science; Chris- tianity — Evidences; Christianity and science (s) ; Creation; Evolution; Natural religion; Philosophy; Religion; Religion and evolution (s) ; Science; Science and religion (s) ; Theology Refer from Future religion (s) ; Religion Religions See also Babism ; Brahmanism ; Buddhism ; Christianity; Christianity and other reli- gions; Confucianism; Dervishes; Druids; Druses; Hinduism; Idolatry; Indians — Religion; Jews — Religion; Lamaism; Mo- hammedanism; Mormons and Mormonism; Mythology; Nagualism; Parsees; Poly- theism; Rosicrucians ; Sacred books; Sects; Shinto; Sikhs; Spiritualism; Taoism; The- osophy; Worship; Zoroastrianism ; also names of non-Christian countries, subhead Religion Religious anecdotes see Anecdotes, Religious Religious art see Christian art and symbolism; Church architecture; Temples Religious authority see Authority (in religion) Religious belief see Belief; Faith Religious biography see Christian biography Religious ceremonies see Rites and ceremonies Religious denominations see Sects Religious education See also Bible — Study and teaching; Bible in the schools; Church and education; Church schools; Moral education; Public Refer from Belief; Civilization; Comparative religion (s) ; Mythology; Polytheism; Religion; Religious history (s) ; Superstition Refer from Christian education (s) ; Christian life and ■ character ; Church and education; Education; Education, Religious (s) ; Moral 3" schools and religion; Sunday schools; The- ology — Study and teaching Religious experience see Christian life and character; Conversion; Spiritual life Religious festivals see Fasts and feasts; Festi- vals Religious history see Church history; Reli- gions; also names of countries and cities, subhead Religious history Religious liberty See also Catholic emancipation; Church and state; Free religion; Free thought; Liberty; Liberty of conscience; Persecution Religious literature See also Anecdotes, Religious ; Catholic literature; Religious poetry Religious mysteries see Mysteries (religious) Religious orders .SV^ also Brotherhoods; Chivalry; Mo- nasticism; Nuns; Sisterhoods; also names of orders, e.g. Franciscans; Jesuits; Malta, Knights of; Templars; Teutonic knights Religious poetry See also Hymns Religious services see Church services; Devo- tional exercises; Liturgies; Worship Remedies (in medicine) see Materia medica ; Therapeutics Renaissance See also Architecture, Renaissance; Art, Renaissance ; Fifteenth century ; Humanism ; Middle ages Renaissance architecture see Architecture, Renaissance Renaissance art see Art, Renaissance Renascence see Renaissance Rent See also Economics; E\-iction; Land; Landlord and tenant Repair shops. Railroad, see Railroads — Shops Repairing see Mending and repairing Repentance See also Confession; Conversion; Penance education; Religion; Sunday schools; The- ology — Study and teaching Reporting See also Journalism: correspondence Shorthand; War Repousse work See also Arts and crafts; Metal work Representation see Proportional representa- tion; Representative government and rep- resentation Representative government and representation See also Boroughs; Cabinet s)'slcm; Con- stitutional law; Democracy; P'Jections; Gerrymander; Legislative bodies; Nomina- tions; Proportional representation; Refer- endum; Republics; Suffrage Refer from Catholic church; Church and state; Church history; Free thought; Govern- ment; Intolerance (s) ; Liberty; Liberty of conscience; Persecution; Private judgment; Religion; Toleration (s) Refer from Literature; Religion Refer from Brotherhoods; Catholic church; Catholic church — Orders (s) ; Church his- tory ; Church polity; Convents and nunneries; Monastic orders (s) ; Monasticism; Nuns; Orders, Religious (s) ; Religion; Sisterhoods Refer from Hymns; Poetry; Religion: ligious literature ; Sacred poetry (s) Re- Refer from Art, Renaissance; Civilization; Fifteenth century; History, Modern; Human- ism; Literature; Middle ages; Renascence (s) ; Revival of letters (s) Refer from Cost of living; Economics; House rent (s) ; Land; Land tenure; Landlord and tenant; Law; Property; Real estate Refer from Conversion; Penance; Peni- tence (s) ; Religion; Sin; Theology Refer from Correspondence (s) ; Inter- viewing (s) ; Journalism; Newspaper work (s) ; Newspapers Refer from Arts and crafts; Metal work Refer from Boroughs; Constitutional law; Constitutions; Democrac)'; Elections; Free institutions; Go\ernment; Proportional rep- resentation; Representation (s) ; Republics; Self-government (s) ; Suffrage; Voting (s) 312 Reproduction See also Biology ; Embryology ; Fecundity ; Parthenogenesis; Regeneration (biology); Spontaneous generation Reptiles See also Amphibia; Snakes; V'ertebrates Fossil U. S. Republican party See also Free soil party; U. S. — Politics Republics See also Democracy; Federal government; Government; Representative government and representation; also names of republics Repudiation See also Debts, Public Research See also Laboratories; Medical research; Psychical research ; Scientific research ; Sem- inary method Reservations for the Indians see Indians — Reservations Reservoirs See also Dams; Irrigation; Water supply Residences see Architecture, Domestic Resignation Resins see Gums and resins Resistance, Electric, see Electric resistance Resistance of materials see Strength of ma- terials Resorts see Health resorts; Summer resorts; WintCF resorts Resources see Natural resources; Conservation of resources; also names of countries, sub- head Industries and resources Respiration see Breathing Respiratory organs See also Anatomy; Breathing; Lungs; Nose; Physiology; Throat Diseases See also Asthma; Bronchitis; Catarrh; Cold (disease); Cough; Croup; Hay fever; Influenza; Pneumonia; Tubercu- losis Responsive worship See also Liturgies; Ritualism Rest See also Fatigue ; Sleep Restaurants See also Catering; Hotels; Waiters Restraint of trade See also Combination, Industrial; Inter- state commerce; Labor unions; Monopolies; Police power; Trusts Resumption of specie payment see Money — I'. S.; Silver (as money) Resurrection See also Eschatology; Future life; Jesus Christ — Resurrection and ascension Refer from Biology; Embryology; Fecundity; Generation (s) ; Spontaneous generation; Zo- ology Refer from Amphibia; Herpetology (s) ; Snakes; Vertebrates Refer from Fossil reptiles (s) ; Paleontology Refer from U. S. — Herpetology (s) ; U. S. — Reptiles (s) ; Zoology — U. S. Refer from Political parties; U. S. — Politics Refer from Constitutional law; Democracy; Federal government ; Free institutions ; Govern- ment ; Presidential government (s) ; Repre- sentative government and representation Refer from Debts, Public; Finance; Loans Refer from Colleges and universities; Edu- cation; Education and state; Scientific re- search; Seminary method; Study Refer from Dams; Hydraulic engineering: Irrigation; Water supply Refer from Affliction; Ethics Refer from Air passages (s) ; Anatomy; Breathing; Chest; Lungs; Nose; Physiology Refer from Asthma; Bronchitis; Catarrh; Cold (disease); Cough; Croup; Hay fever; Influenza; Medicine — Practice; Pneumonia; Tuberculosis Refer from Church services; Devotional ex- ercises; Liturgies; Prayer; Worship Refer fro?n Fatigue; Hygiene; Mental hy- giene; Nervous system; Overwork; Relaxa- tion (s) ; Therapeutics Refer from Cafes (s) ; Hotels Refer from Combination, Industrial; Com- merce; Interstate commerce; Labor unions; Law; Monopolies; Police power; Trusts Refer from Death; Eschatology; Future life; Theology 2>^i Retaining walls see Walls Retouching see Photography- Retribution see Future life; Future punish- ment; Hell; Punishment; Purgatory Revelation Hee also Apocalyptic literature; Bible; Christianity; Inspiration; Religion; The- ology Revenue see Finance; Tariff; Taxation; also names of countries, subhead Revenue Reviews see Book reviews Revision of the Bible see Bible — Revision Revival of letters see Renaissance Revivals See also Camp meetings; Conversion; Evangelistic work; Keswick movement; Prayer meetings Revolutionary war (U. S.) see U. S. — History — Revolution Revolutions See also French revolution; Rebellion; also under various countries, e.g. France — History — Revolution of 1848 ; Germany — History — Revolution, 1848-1849; U. S. — History — Revolution Revolvers see Pistols Rewards (prizes, etc.) See also Bounties; Nobel prizes; Prizes (international law) Rhaeto-Romanic language see Romansch lan- guage Rheostats See also Electric controllers; Electric resistance Rhetoric ' See also Allegory; Alliteration; Analogy; Composition (English); Conversation; Criti- cism ; Descriptive writing; Drama ; Editorials ; Elocution; Eloquence; Esthetics; Irony; Lectures and lecturing ; Letter writing ; Meta- phor; Onomatopoeia; Oratory; Poetry; Preaching; Precis writing; Prose; Punctua- tion; Satire; Translation; Versification Rheto-Romanic language see Romansch lan- guage Rheumatism Rhodes scholarships, Oxford university Rhyme See also Prosody Rhythm See also Meter Rice Riches see Wealth Riddles See also Charades; Puzzles Riding see Coaches and coaching; Driving; Horsemanship Rifle practice See also Target practice Refer from Apocalyptic literature; Bible Inspiration; Religion; Theology Refer from Christian life and character; Church history; Church work; Conversion; Evangelistic work; Missions; Religion; The- ology Refer from Government; History; Rebellion Refer jrom Compensation (s) ; Prizes (s) Refer from Electric apparatus and appliances ; Electric controllers; Electric resistance; Elec- tric rheostats (s) Refer from Allegory; Alliteration; Composi- tion (English); Composition (rhetoric) (s) ; Criticism; Descriptive writing; Elocution; English composition (s) ; Expression; Figures of speech (s) ; Language; Lectures and lectur- ing; Letter writing; Literature; Metaphor; Oratory; Prose; Speaking (s) ; Style, Liter- ary (s) ; Theme-writing (s) ; Words; Writing Refer from Medicine — Practice Refer from Oxford university; Scholarships Refer from English language — Rhymes (s) ; Poetry; Prosody; Rime (s) ; Versification Refer from Esthetics; Meter; Music; Poetry; Prosody; Versification Refer from Agricultural products; Agricul- ture — Tropics ; Grain Refer from Amusements; Conundrums (s) ; Enigmas (s) ; Literature; Puzzles Refer from Gunnery; Infantry drill _ and tactics; Military art and science; Riiles; Shooting; Target practice 314 Rifles See also Firearms; Guns; Rifle practice; Shooting Right and wrong see Ethics Right-handedness see Left- and right-handed- ness Right of assembly see Assembly, Right of Right of petition see Petition, Right of Right of sanctuary see Asylum, Right of Right of search see Search, Right of Righthandedness see Left- and right-handed- ness Rights, Civil, see Civil rights Rights of women see Woman suffrage ; Women — Law; W^omen — Social condition Rime see Rhyme Ringing jf^ Bells; Chimes and chiming Rings See also Jewelry Riots See also Draft riot, 1863; Lynch law; Strikes and lockouts Riparian rights See also Water rights Rites and ceremonies See also Baptism; Canonization; Christian antiquities; Church dedication; Confirma- tion; Coronations; Fasts and feasts; Fire walk; Flute ceremonies; Funeral rites and ceremonies ; Hymns ; Inaugurations ; Indians — Religion; Liturgies; Manners and cus- toms; Marriage; Marriage customs and rites; Mass; Mysteries (religious); Ordina- tion; Prayers; Ritualism; Sacraments; Totems and totemism ; Worship Ritual see Liturgies; Rites and ceremonies; Ritualism; also names of churches, subhead Liturgy and ritual Ritualism See also Catholic church — Liturgy and ritual; Church of England — Liturgy and ritual; Protestant Episcopal church in the U. S. — Liturgy and ritual; Rites and ceremonies; Worship Rivers See also Dams; Deltas; Embankments; Erosion; Floods; Hydraulic engineering; Hydraulics; Hydrography; Inland naviga- tion; Physical geography; Riparian rights; Valleys; Water pollution; Water power; Waterways — u. s. See also W^aterways — U. S. Riviera See also Fran-ce — Description and travel; Italy — Description and travel; Monaco; Provence Road, Rule of the, see Rule of the road Road engines see Traction engines Road maps Refer from Arms and armor; Carbines (s) ; Firearms; Guns; Shooting Refer from Finger rings (s) ; Jewelry Refer from Crime and criminals; Crowds; Government; History; Alobs (s) ; Strikes and lockouts Refer from Land tenure; Law; Littoral rights (s) ; Real estate; Rivers; Water rights; Waterways Refer from Ceremonies (s) ; Christian antiq- uities; Christian art and symbolism; Church ceremonies (s) ; Church polity; Ecclesiastical ceremonies (s) ; Liturgies; Manners and customs; Religious ceremonies (s) ; Ritual (s) ; Ritualism; Worship Refer from Catholic church; Catholic church — Liturgy and ritual; Church of England; Church of England — -Liturgy and ritual; Church polity; Liturgies; Prayer; Protestant Episcopal church In the U. S. ; Religion; Responsive worship; Rites and ceremonies; Ritual (s) ; Worship Refer from Civil engineering; Engineering; Floods; Hydraulic engineering; Hydraulics; Hydrography; Inland navigation; Physical geography; Streams (s) ; Valleys; Water; Waterways Refer from U. S. — Rivers (s) ; Waterways — U. S. Refer from France — Description and travel ; Italy — Description and travel; Monaco; Provence; Winter resorts Refer from Ma[5s; Roads 315 Roads See also Civil engineering; Dust; Eminent domain ; Indian trails ; Pavements ; Portages ; Railroads; Railroads — Crossings; Road maps; Sidewalks; Street cleaning; Street railroads ; Streets — — Macadamized Roman U. S. See also Cumberland road ; Indian trails ; Oregon trail; Salt Lake trail; Santa Fe trail ; Wilderness road Robbers see Brigands and robbers Robins See also Birds Rochdale system see Cooperation Rock see Rocks Rock drills See also Boring; Mining machinery Rock tombs see Tombs Rocks See also Geochemistry; Geodes ; Geology; Granite; Igneous rocks; Limestone; ^Iin- eralogy; Sandstone; Slate; Stone Rod, The, see Corporal punishment ; Flogging Rodents See also Hares ; Mammals ; Mice ; Rabbits ; Rats Roentgen rays see X rays Roller-skating Rolling mills See also Iron industry; Steel industry Rolling stock see Railroads — Rolling stock Romaic language see Greek language (modern) Romaic literature see Greek literature (modern) Roman Campagna see Campagna di Roma Roman Catholic church see Catholic church Roman emperors See also Rome — History — Empire Roman law see Civil law Roman literature see Latin literature Roman mythology see Mythology, Classical Roman roads see Roads, Roman Romance see Fiction; Romances Romance languages See also Aryan languages; French lan- guage; Italian language; Portuguese lan- guage; Provencal language; Romansch language; Rumanian language; Spanish language Romance literature See also l'"rcnch literature; Italian litera- ture; Portuguese literature; Spanish litera- t u re Romances See also Arthurian romances; Charle- magne — Romances; English metrical ro- mances; Fiction; Legends; Poetry Refer from Civil engineering; Coaches and coaching; Eminent domain; Engineering; Highways (s) ; Pavements; Streets; Thorough- fares (s) ; Transportation; Turnpikes (s) Refer from Macadamized roads (s) ; Pave- ments Refer from Roads — England; Roads — France ; Roads — Italy ; Roman roads (s) Refer from U. S. — Roads (s) Refer from Birds Refer from. Boring; Diamond drilling (s) ; Excavating machinery; Mining engineering; Mining machinery Refer from Chemical geology (s) ; Geo- chemistry; Geology; Granite; Igneous rocks; Lithology (s) ; Metamorphic rocks (s) ; Min- eralogy; Petrography (s) ; Petrology (s) ; Rock (s) ; Sedimentary rocks (s) ; Stone Refer from Flares; Mammals; Mice; Rab- bits ; Rats Refer from Skating; Sports Refer from Iron industry; Mills and mill- work; Steel industry Refer jrom Caesars (s) ; Emperors; Rome — - History — Empire Refer from Ar)an languages; French lan- guage ; Italian language; Language; Latin language; Nco-Latin languages (s) ; Portuguese language; Provencal language; Romansch language; Rumanian language; Spanish lan- guage Refer from French literature; Italian litera- ture; Literature; Portuguese literature; Span- is li literature Refer from Chivalry; Epic poetry; Fiction; Folklore; German literature; German ro- mances (s) ; Legends; Literature; Ro- mance (s) ; Stories (s) 316 Romanism srr Catholic church Romansch language See also Romance languages Romanticism See also Classicism Romany language Romaunsch language see Romansch language Rome — History Kings, B. C. 753-510 Republic, B. C. 510-30 See also Gallic wars; Punic wars Empire, B. C. 30-A. D. 476 See also Barbarian invasions of Rome ; Byzantine empire; Roman emperors Rommany language see Romany language Rood screens Roofs See also Arches; Architecture; Building; Ceilings; Domes; Gables; Girders; Graphic statics; Scaffolding; Skylights; Slate; Steel construction; Strains and stresses; Trusses; Vaulting Root crops See also Vegetables Roots See also Botan}', Structural; Root crops Rope See also Cables; Cordage; Hemp; Knots and splices; Rope driving; Wire Rope driving See also Belting; Power transmission; Pulleys Ropeways see Cableways Rosary Rose see Roses Roses See also Floriculture Roses, Wars of the, see Wars of the Roses Rosetta stone Rosicrucians See also Mysticism Rosin see Gums and resins Rosy cross, Order of the, see Rosicrucians Rotation See also Dynamics; Earth — Rotation; G\roscopc; Rotation of crops Rotation of crops See also Agriculture; Pastures and mead- ows Rotation of the earth see Earth — - Rotation Rough Riders See also U. S. — History — War with Spain Roumanian language see Rumanian language Refer from Rhaeto-Romanic language (s) ; Rheto-Romanic language (s) ; Romance lan- guages ; Romaunsch language (s) Refer from Classicism; Esthetics; Idealism in art; Idealism in literature; Literature Refer from Gipsy language (s) ; Gypsy lan- guage (s) ; Indo-Aryan languages; Rommany language (s) Refer from Gallic wars; Punic wars Refer from Barbarian invasions of Rome; Roman emperors Refer from Church decoration and ornament; Church furniture Refer from Architecture; Building; Carpen- try; Domes; Gables; Girders; Graphic statics; Steel construction; Strains and stresses; Trusses Refer from Agricultural products; Crops; Feeding and feeding stuffs; Roots; Vegetables Refer from Botany — Physiology; Botany, Structural ; Plants Refer from Cables; Cordage; Hemp; Hoist- ing machinery; Manufactures Refer from Belting; Power transmission; Pulleys ; Rope Refer from Beads; Catholic church; Prayers Refer from Floriculture; Flowers; Rose (s) Refer from Egypt ^ Antiquities ; Hiero- glyphics Refer from Mysticism; Order of the Rosy cross (s) ; Religions ; Rosy cross. Order of the (s) ; Secret societies Refer from Dynamics; Motion; Physics Refer from Agriculture; Crop rotation (s) ; Crops; Farm management; Rotation; Soil fertility Refer from U. S. — History — War with Spain; United States volunteer cavalry 317 Round Table see Arthurian romances Round towers .S('(' also Ireland — Antiquities Rowing See also Aquatic sports; Boats and boat- ing; Canoes and canoeing; College athletics Royal descent, Families of 'Rojal supremacy (Church of I''.ngland) see Church of England — Royal supremacy Royalty see Kings and rulers; Monarchy; Princes and princesses ; Queens and em- presses Rubber See also Gutta-percha Rubber tires see Tires Rugs See also Carpets ; House decoration Ruins see Archaeology Rule of the road Rulers see Kings and rulers; also Emperors; Monarchy; Popes; Presidents; Queens and empresses Rules of order see Parliamentary practice Rumanian language See also Romance languages Runes • Running See also Track athletics; Walking Rural architecture see Architecture, Domestic; Bungalows; Cottages; Country houses; Farm buildings; Landscape gardening Rural economy see Agriculture Rural free delivery See also Postal service — U. S. Rural life see Country life; Farm life; Outdoor life Rural poetry see Pastoral poetry Rural schools see Country schools Russian church see Greek church Russian language See also Slavic languages Russian literature See also Sla\'ic literature Russians in the U. S. See also Slavs in the U. S. Russo-Japanese war, 1904-1905 See also Japan — History; Russia — History Russo-Turkish war, 1 853-1 856, see Crimean war Refer from Archaeology-; Ireland — -Antiq- uities ; Towers Refer from Aquatic sports; Athletics; Boats and boating; College athletics; Locomotion; Na\igation; Oarsmanship (s) ; Racing (s) ; Regattas (s) ; Sculling (s) ; Sports Refer from Genealogy; Kings and rulers Refer from Agricultural products; Agricul- ture — Tropics; Caoutchouc (s) ; Chemistry, Technical; Forest products; Gutta-percha; India-rubber (s) ; Indiarubber (s) ; Manufac- tures Refer from Arts and crafts; Carpets; Do- mestic arts; Floors; House decoration; Textile industry and fabrics; Weaving Refer from Collisions at sea; Navigation; Road, Rule of the (s) Refer from Romance languages; Roumanian language (s) Refer from Alphabet; Germanic languages; Inscriptions Refer from Animal locomotion; Athletics; Cross-country running (s) ; Exercise; Foot- racing (s) ; Locomotion; Physical education; Racing (s) ; Sports; Track athletics; Walking Refer from Postal ser\-icc; Postal ser\'ice U S Refer from Sla\ic languages Refer from Sla\'ic literature Refer from Sla\s in the L. S. ; U. S. — For- eign population Refer from Eastern question (Far East); Japan — History; Russia — History 318 Russo-Turkish war, 1877- 1878 See also Russia — History; Turkey — History Rust see Corrosion and anti-corrosives Rustic woodwork See also Garden ornaments and furniture Rustless coatings see Corrosion and anti-cor- rosives Rye House plot See also England — History — Stuarts Sabbatarians see Seventh-day Baptists Sabbath see Sabbath, Jewish; Sunday Sabbath, Jewish Saber see Swords Sabre see Swords Sacraments See also Baptism; Confirmation; Lord's supper; Marriage; Ordination; Penance; Unction Sacred art see Christian art and symbolism Sacred books See also Avesta ; Bible; Eddas; Koran; Talmud ; Vedas Sacred history see Bible — -History; Church history Sacred music see Church music; Oratorios Sacred poetry see Hymns; Religious poetry Sacrifice See also Altars; Atonement Sacrilege Saddlery see Harness Safes See also \'aults Safety devices See also Air brakes; Brakes; Car coup- lings; Employers' liability; Lightning con- ductors ; Railroads — Signals ; Safety lamps ; Safety valves Safety lamps See also Mine accidents; Mine fires Safety valves See also Boilers; Steam engines; Valves and vahe gears Sagas See also Eddas; Folklore; Icelandic litera- ture; Scandinavian literature Sailing See also Aquatic sports; Boats and boat- ing; Canoes and canoeing; Navigation; Skipjacks; Yachts and yachting Sailing directions see Pilot guides Sailors See also Impressment; Missions — Sea- men; Na\'al biograph\'; Pilots and pilotage; Sea stories; Seafaring life Sailors' missions see Missions — Seamen Refer from Eastern question (Near East) ; Russia — History; Turco-Russian war (s) ; Turkey — History; Turko-Russian war (s) Refer from Carpentry; Garden ornaments and furniture; Landscape gardening Refer from England — History — Stuarts Refer from Jews; Jews bath (s) Religion; Sab- Refer from Baptism; Catholic church; Church of England; Church polity; Lord's supper; Protestant Episcopal church in the U. S. ; Religion; Rites and ceremonies; The- ology; Worship Refer from Literature; Religions Refer from Altars; Human sacrifice (s) ; Religion; Theology; Worship Refer from Desecration (s) ; Profanation (s) ; Religion Refer from Vaults Refer from Accidents; Air brakes; Brakes; Employers' liability; Life-saving; Occupations, Dangerous; Railroads; Railroads — Acci- dents; Railroads — Equipment and supplies; Railroads — Safety devices (s) Refer from Explosions; Lamps; Mine acci- dents; Mine fires; Safety devices Refer from Boilers; Safety devices; Steam engines; Valves and valve gears Refer from Eddas; Folklore; Icelandic litera- ture; Legends; Literature; Mythology, Norse; Northmen; Scandinavian literature Refer fro tn Aquatic sports; Boats and boat- ing; Locomotion; Navigation; Regattas (s) ; Ships; Sports; Yachts and yachting Refer from Naval biography; Navigation; Ocean; Ocean travel; Seafaring life; Sea- men (s) ; Ships; Voyages and travels 319 Sailors' songs Sails St. Augustine, Order of, see Augustinians St. Bartholomew's day, Massacre of See also France — History — House of Valois; Huguenots St. John of Jerusalem, Order of, see Malta, Knights of St. Valentine's day see Valentine's day Saints See also Apostles; Bible — Biography; Canonization; Fathers of the church; Le- gends; Martyrs; Saints in art; Shrines Saints in art See also Christian art and symbolism Salads See also Cookery; Sauces Salaries See also Income; Teachers — Salaries, pensions, etc. ; Wages Sale See also Auctions; Commercial law; Con- veyancing; Land titles Salesmanship See also Advertising; Business; Com- mercial travelers Salesmen, Traveling, see Commercial travelers Salic law- Salmon See also Fish ; Trout Salons See also Precieuses Saloons see Liquor problem; Liquor traffic; Temperance Salt See also Condiments; Geology, Economic; Sea water Salt Lake trail Salts See also Chemistry Salutations Salvage .S'(V also Maritime law; Wrecking Salvation See also Atonement; Conversion; Future life; Grace (theology); infant salvation; Justification; Predestination; Regeneration (theology); Sanctification ; Soul; Universal- ism Salvation army Sec also I'arm colonics Refer from Chanteys (s) ; Chanties (s) ; Songs Refer from Ships Refer from Bartholomew, St., Massacre of (s) ; France — History — House of Valois; France — Religious history; Huguenots; Mas- sacres Refer from Apostles; Bible; Bible — Bi- ography; Canonization; Catholic church; Catholic church — Biography; Christian biog- raphy; Fathers of the church; Heroes; Le- gends; Martyrs; Miracles; Relics; Religion Refer from Christian art and symbolism; Iconography (s) ; Saints Refer from Cookery Refer from Compensation (s) ; Economics; Income; Prices; Wages Refer from Commercial law; Contracts; Land titles ; Law ; Personal property ; Property ; Real estate; Selling (s) ; Vendors (s) Refer from Advertising; Business; Com- merce; Commercial travelers; Peddlers and peddling; Selling (s) Refer from France — Law; Inheritance; Law; Property; Women — Law Refer frovi Fish; Fishing; Trout Refer from French salons (s) ; Precieuses; Society; Women in PVance Refer from Condiments; Geology, Economic; Mines and mineral resources Refer from Indian trails; Roads — U. S. ; Trails (s) ; Western states Refer from Chemistry Rejer from Etiquet; Greetings (s) ; Manners and customs Refer Jrom Admiralty; Collisions at sea; Insurance, Marine; International law; Mari- time law ; Prizes (international law); Shipping; Shipwrecks; Wrecking Refer from Conversion; Future life; Jesus Christ; Predestination; Redemption (s) ; Re- generation (theolog}') ; Sin; Soteriology (s) ; Theology Refer from Charities; E\ angelistic work; Sects 320 Samplers San Jose scale Si'e also Scale insects Sanatoriums See also Convalescent homes; Health resorts ; Hospitals Sanctification See also Christian life and character Sanctuary see Asylum, Right of Sand dunes see Dunes Sandemanians Sandstone See also Building stones Sandwiches Sangreal see Grail Sanitariums see Sanatoriums Sanitary affairs see Hygiene, Public; Sanita- tion; also names of countries and cities, subhead Sanitary affairs Sanitary chemistry See also Adulterations; Air pollution; Chemistry, Household; Cleaning; Food — Analysis; Food adulteration and inspection; Refuse and refuse disposal; Sewage; Smoke; Water — Analysis ; Water — Purification ; Water pollution Sanitary engineering See also Filters and filtration; Heating; Hygiene, Public; Municipal engineering; Plumbing; Public comfort stations; Refuse and refuse disposal; Sanitation; Sewage; Sewerage; Street cleaning; Ventilation; Water — Purification; Water supply; also names of countries and cities, subhead Sanitary affairs Sanitary science see Hygiene; Sanitary en- gineering; Sanitation Sanitation See also Cemeteries; Cleanliness; Disin- fection and disinfectants; Hygiene; Hygiene, Public; Military hygiene; Naval hygiene; Refuse and refuse disposal ; Sanitary chem- istry; Sanitary engineering; Sanitation, Household; School hygiene; Sewage; Sewer- age; Smoke; Ventilation; Water — -Purifica- tion; Water supply; also names of countries and cities, subhead Sanitary affairs Household See also Chemistry, Household ; Heat- ing; House cleaning; Plumbing; Ventila- tion Sanscrit see Sanskrit Sanskrit language See also Indo-Aryan languages Sanskrit literature See also Hindu literature; Oriental litera- ture; Vedas Santa Claus See also Christmas Refer from Needlework Refer from Chinese scale (s) ; Insects, In- jurious and beneficial; Scale insects Refer from Health resorts; Hospitals; Medi- cine; Mineral waters; Sanitariums (s) Refer from Christian life and character; Christian perfection (s) ; Holiness (s) ; Perfec- tion, Christian (s) ; Salvation; Spiritual life; Theology Refer from Glassites (s) ; Sects Refer from Building stones; Rocks; Stone Refer from Cookery; Luncheons Refer from Chemistry; Chemistry, House- hold; Chemistry, Sanitary (s) ; Sanitation Refer from Architecture; Building; Civil engineering; Engineering; Engineering, Sani- tary (s) ; Hygiene, Public; Municipal engineer- ing; Municipal improvement; Plumbing; Sanitary science (s) ; Sanitation; Sewerage Refer from Cleanliness; Hygiene; Hygiene, Public; Sanitary affairs (s) ; Sanitary engineer- ing; Sanitary science (s) Refer from Chemistry, Household; Domestic hygiene (s) ; Home economics; House drain- age (s) ; House sanitation (s) ; Household sani- tation (s) ; Housing problem; Hygiene, Do- mestic (s) ; Plumbing; Sanitation Refer from Indo-Ar)'an languages Refer from Hindu literature; Oriental litera- ture Refer from Christmas; Nicholas, St. 321 Santa Fe trail Saracens See also Arabia — History; Arabs; Ca- liphs; Crusades; Moliammedanism ; Moors Sarcophagi Satan see Devil Satellites See also Astronomy; Moon; Perturbation; Planets Satire See also Caricature and cartoons; Humor; Irony; Parodies American See also American literature; Satire, English English See also English literature; Satire, American Greek See also Greek literature Sauces See also Cookery Savages See also Indians; Society, Primitive Saving see Thrift Savings banks See also Banks and banking; Building and loan associations; Postal savings banks; School savings banks; Thrift; Trust com- panies Saw mills see Sawmills Sawmills Saws See also Woodworking machinery Saxon language see Anglo-Saxon language; Old Saxon language Sayings see Epigrams; Maxims; Proverbs; Quotations ; Table-talk Scaffolding See also Building; Shoring and underpin- ning Scalds see Burns and scalds Scale (music) Scale insects See also Hemiptera ; San Jose scale Scalping Scandinavian languages See also Danish language; Germanic lan- guages; Icelandic language; Norwegian language; Swedish language Scandinavian literature See also Danish literature; Eddas ; Ice- landic literature; Norwegian literature; Sagas; Swedish literature Scandinavian mythology see Mythology, Norse Refer from Indian trails; New Mexico; Roads — U. S. ; Southwestern states ; Trails (s) ; Western states Refer from Arabia — History; Arabs; Cru- sades; Mohammedanism; Moors Refer from Bas-relief; Burial; Christian art and symbolism; Sculpture; Tombs Refer from Astronomy; Perturbation; Plan- ets; Secondary planets (s) Refer from Caricature and cartoons; Comic literature (s) ; Humor; Lampoons (s) ; Litera- ture ; Rhetoric Refer from American literature; American satire (s) ; Humor, American; Satire, English Refer from English literature; English satire (s) ; Humor, English; Satire, American Refer from Greek literature; Greek satire (s) Refer from Cookery; Salads Refer from Ethnology; Man; Primitive man (s) ; Society, Primitive; Sociology Refer from Banks and banking; Cooperation; Thrift Refer from Lumber and lumbering; Mills and millwork; Saw mills (s) Refer from Tools; Woodworking machinery Refer from Building; Carpentry; Roofs Refer from Music Refer from Coccidae (s) ; Fruit — Diseases and pests; Hemiptera; Insects, Injurious and beneficial; San Jose scale Refer from Indians Refer from Danish language; Germanic lan- guages; Icelandic language; Norwegian lan- guage; Swedish language Refer from Danish literature; Icelandic literature; Literature; Norse literature^ (s) ; Norwegian literature; Sagas; Swedish litera- ture 322 Scandinavians in the U. S. Sft' also Danes in tlie U. S. ; Norwegians in the U. S. ; Swedes in the U. S. Scarabs Scarlatina see Scarlet fever Scarlet fever Scenarios see Plots (drama, novel, etc.) Scene painting Scenery see Landscape; Nature; Picturesque Scent see Odors; Perfumery; Tracking Scepticism see Skepticism Schism, The great western, 1378-1417 See also Church history — -Middle ages; Popes — History Scholars See also Culture; Degrees, Academic Scholarship see Culture; Education; Scholars Scholarships See also Rhodes scholarships, Oxford university Scholastic philosophy see Scholasticism Scholasticism See also Philosophy, Medieval; Realism School administration and organization See also School grading and promotions; School management; School reports; School superintendents and principals School architecture see Schoolhouses School.athletics See also Baseball ; Basket-ball ; College athletics ; Football School attendance See also Compulsory education; Truancy School books see Textbooks School buildings see Schoolhouses School centralization see Schools — Centraliza- tion School children See also Anthropometry; Child study; Children, Abnormal and backward; Medical inspection of schools; Playgrounds; School attendance; School hygiene; School lunches; School management; Study; Truancy School city See also Self-government (in education) School decoration School discipline see School management School entertainments School cc]ui]-)mcnt see School furniture and equipment School excursions School farms see Farm schools; School gardens Refer from Danes in the U. S. ; Norwegians in the U. S. ; Swedes in the U. S. ; U. S. — For- eign population Refer from Amulets; Beetles; Symbolism Refer from Children — Diseases; Contagion and contagious diseases; Fever; Medicine — Practice; Scarlatina (s) Refer from Painting; Theater Refer from Catholic church — History; Church history — Middle ages; Great schism, 1378-1417 (s) ; Papal schism (s) ; Popes — History Refer from Culture; Education; Learned men (s) ; Learning (s) ; Scholarship (s) ; Study Refer from Colleges and universities; Educa- tion; Education and state Refer from Philosophy; Philosophy, Medie- val; Realism; Scholastic philosophy (s) Refer from School management; School organization (s) Refer from Athletics; College athletics; Games; High school athletics (s) ; High schools; Physical education; School sports (s) Refer from Compulsory education; School children; Truancy Refer from Boys; Children; Girls; Public schools; School hygiene Refer from Citizenship; Education and citizenship; School republics (s) ; Self-govern- ment (in education) Refer from Art in the schoolroom (s) ; Decora- tion and ornament; House decoration; School- houses; Schoolroom decoration (s) Refer from Entertainments Refer from Amusements; Excursions, School (s) 323 School furniture and equipment School gardens Si-r also Gardening; Vacant lot cultivation School grading and promotions School houses see Schoolhouses School hygiene See also Medical inspection of schools ; Open-air schools; Overpressure (education); Playgrounds; School children; School lunches; School nurses School lands School laws See also Compulsory education School libraries See also Libraries and schools School life see Student life School lunches School management See also Corporal punishment; Fire drills; Overpressure (education); School administration and organization; School grading and promotions; Self-government (in education) ; Teaching School music See also Kindergarten — Games and songs School nurses See also Medical inspection of schools School organization see School administration and organization School playgrounds see Playgrounds School principals see School superintendents and principals School reports School republics see School city School savings banks School sports see School athletics School stories See also College stories School superintendents and principals School teaching see Teaching Schoolhouses See also School decoration; School hy- giene; Social centers Schoolmasters see Teachers Sclioolroom decoration see School decoration Schools See also Academies (schools); Auxiliary schools; Charity schools; Church schools; Refer from Furniture; School equipment (s) Refer from Gardening; Gardens; Nature study ; School farms (s) ; Vacant lot cultivation Refer from Grading in schools (s) ; Promo- tion (in schools) (s) ; School administration and organization; School management; Teaching Refer from Children — -Care and hygiene; Hygiene; Hygiene, Public; Medical inspection of schools; Occupations — Diseases and hy- giene ; Sanitation ; School children ; Schoolhous- es Refer from Land; Land grants; Land tenure; U. S.— Public lands Refer from Compulsory education; I'^duca- tional laws (s) ; Law Refer from Children's literature; Libraries; Libraries, Children's; Libraries, School (s) ; Libraries and schools Refer from Children — Care and hygiene; Diet; Luncheons; Penny lunches (s) ; School children ; School hygiene Refer from Corporal punishment; Discipline, School (s) ; School administration and organiza- tion ; School children; School discipline (s) ; Teaching Refer from Music; Singing and voice culture; Songs Refer from Medical inspection of schools; Nurses and nursing; School hygiene Refer from School administration and organi- zation Refer from Banks and banking; Savings banks Refer from College stories; Fiction; Student life Refer from Principals, School (s) ; School administration and organization; School prin- cipals (s) ; Superintendents, School (s) ; Teach- ers Refer from Architecture; Public buildings; School architecture (s) ; School buildings (s) ; School houses (s) Refer from Education; Public schools 324 Schools — Continued Colleges and universities; Correspondence schools and courses; Country schools; Cur- riculum; Education; Evening and continua- tion schools; Farm schools; Grammar schools; High schools; Kindergarten; Li- braries and schools; Normal schools; Open- air schools; Parental schools; Playgrounds; Private schools; Public schools; Ragged schools; Sewing schools; Summer schools; Sunday schools; Trade schools; Truant schools ; Vacation schools ; also headings beginning School C entralization Medical inspection, see Medical inspection of schools Schools and libraries see Libraries and schools ; Children's literature ; Libraries, Children's Schwenkfelders Sciagraphs see Radiography Science See also Anthropology; Astronomy; Bi- ology; Botany; Chemistry; Economics; Ethnology ; Evolution ; Geography ; Geology ; Government; History; Industrial arts; Inventions; Language; Law; Logic; Mathe- matics; Medicine; Meteorology; Micro- scope and microscopy; Military art and science; Mineralogy; Natural history; Na- ture; Nature study; Naval art and science; Occult sciences; Paleontology; Philosophy; Physical geography; Physics; Psychology; Radioactivity; Religion and science; Scien- tific apparatus and instruments ; Scientificex- peditions; Scientific recreations; Scientific research; Scientific societies; Scientists; Sociology; Technology; Theology; Weights and measures; Zoology Study and teaching See also Nature study; Technical edu- cation; also names of sciences Science and religion see Religion and science Science and the Bible see Bible and science Scientific apparatus and instruments See also Astronomical instruments ; Chemi- cal apparatus; Instruments; Optical instru- ments; also names of instruments Scientific associations see Scientific societies Scientific education see Science — Study and tcacliing Scientific expeditions See also Antarctic regions; Arctic regions; Challenger expedition; also names of coun- tries, subhead Exploring expeditions Scientific instruments see Scientific apparatus and instruments Scientific management See also Accounting; Cost accounting; Efficiency, Industrial; Executive ability; Factory management; Foremen's schools; Machine shop management ; Railroads — Management Refer from Centralization of schools (s) ; Concentration of schools (s) ; Consolidation of schools (s) ; Country schools; Public schools; School centralization (s) Refer from Germans in Pennsylvania; Sects Refer from Discoveries (in science) (s) ; Knowledge; Natural history; Natural sci- ence (s) ; Nature; Philosophy Refer from Education, Scientific (s) ; Scientif- ic education (s) Refer from Instruments; Philosophical in- struments (s) ; Physical instruments (s) ; Science; Scientific instruments (s) Refer from Antarctic regions; Arctic regions; Discoveries and explorations; Expeditions, Scientific (s) ; Science; Voyages and travels Refer from Business; Efiicicnc}', Industrial; Executive ability; Factory management; In- dustrial betterment; Labor and laboring class- es; Machine shop management; Management of factories, shops, etc. (s) ; Manufactures; 32s Scientific men see Scientists Scientific recreations See also Mathematical recreations Scientific research See also Laboratories ; Medical research ; Research Scientific societies See also Botanical societies; Chemical societies; Learned societies Scientists See also Astronomers; Botanists; Chem- ists ; Electricians ; Entomologists; Geologists; Inventors; Mathematicians; Naturalists; Ornithologists ; Zoologists Scores (music) see Music — Scores, and refer- ences under that subject Scotch ballads see Ballads, Scottish Scotch in France Scotch in Ireland see Scotch-Irish Scotch-Irish Scotch-Irish in the U. S. Scotch literature see Scottish literature Scotch plaids see Tartans Scottish ballads see Ballads, Scottish Scottish borders see Borders of Scotland Scottish clans see Clans Scottish highlands see Highlands of Scotland Scottish language see English language — Dialects — Scottish; Gaelic language Scottish literature See also Ballads, Scottish; English litera- ture; Gaelic literature; Scottish poetry Scottish marches see Borders of Scotland Scottish poetry See also Ballads, Scottish; English poetry; Scottish literature; Songs, Scottish Scottish songs see Ballads' Scottish; Songs, Scottish Scouring see Cleaning; Dyes and d\-eing Scouts and scouting See also Boy scouts ; Tracking Scrap-books see Scrapbooks Scrapbooks See also Clippings Screw-cutting machines see Screw machines Screw machines See also Machine tools; Screws Screw propellers see Propellers Screws See also Machine design; Screw machines Scriptures see Bible Sculling see Rowing Sculptors See also Artists Sculpture See also Anatomy, Artistic; Art; Bas- relief; Bronzes; Carving (art industries); Drawing; Esthetics; Ivory; Marble; Model- ing; Monuments; Plaster casts; Proportion (art); Sarcophagi; Sculptors; Statues Alills and millwork ; Railroads — Management ; Shop management (s) ; Works management (s) Refer Jrovj Amusements; Science Refer from Research; Science; Stud}- Refer from Learned societies; Science; Scientific associations (s) ; Societies Refer from Authors; Biography; Naturalists: Science; Scientific men (s) Refer fro VI Ireland; Scotch in Ireland (s) Refer fro 771 Irish in the L'. S. ; U. S. — For- eign population Refer from British literature (s) ; English literature; Scotch literature (s) ; Scottish poetry Refer from Ballads, Scottish; British poet- ry (s) ; English poetry; Scottish literature Refer frovi Military art and science Refer from Clippings; Scrap-books (s) Refer from Machine tools; Machinery; Screw-cutting machines (s) ; Screws Refer from Hardware; Machine design; Machinery; Screw machines Refer from Artists; Sculpture Refer from Archaeology; Art; Bas-relief; Carving (art industries); Decoration and ornament; Esthetics; Iconography (s) ; Model- ing; Monuments; Plaster casts; Statues; Stonecutting 326 Scutage See also Feudalism Sea see Ocean Sea bathing see Batlis and bathing Sea coast defense see Coast defense Sea fights see Naval battles Sea fisheries see Fisheries Sea food See also Fish as food ; Oysters Sea kings see Northmen Sea level See also Altitudes Sea life see Marine biology; Seafaring life Sea mosses see Algae Sea plants see Aquatic plants Sea power See also Disarmament; Naval art and science; Naval history; Navies; Warships; also names of countries, subhead Navy Sea serpents See also Animals, Mythical Sea stories Sea walls See also Embankments Sea water Seafaring life ■ See also Sailors; Sea stories; Whaling Seals (animals) See also Carnivora; Fisheries — Alaska Seals (numismatics) See also Numismatics Seamanship see Navigation Seamen see Sailors Seamen's missions see Missions — Seamen Search, Right of See also Maritime law; Neutrality Searchlights Seashore See also Algae; Baths and bathing; Beaches; Coast changes; Dunes; Marine biology; Marine zoology; Ocean Seasickness Seasons See also Autumn: Winter 5pring: Su mmer; Seat work in schools see Busy work Seaweeds see Algae Secession See also Confederate States of America; Federal government; Stale rights; U. S. — History — Civil war Refer from Escuage (s) ; Feudalism; Land tenure ; Taxation Refer from Fish as food; Food; Ocean Refer from Altitudes; Ocean Refer from Disarmament; Dominion of the sea (s) ; International relations; Maritime power (s) ; Military power (s) ; Naval art and science; Naval history; Naval power (s) ; Navies Refer from Animals, Mythical ; Delusions (s) ; Monsters Refer from Fiction; Ocean; Sailors; Seafar- ing life Refer from Embankments; Engineering; Hydraulic engineering; Ocean; VValls Refer from Ocean; Salt; Water Refer from Adventure; Marine life (s) ; Ocean life (s) ; Sailors ; Sea life (s) ; Voyages and travels Refer from Carnivora ; Fisheries ; Fisheries — Alaska; Fur-bearing animals; Fur seals (s) ; Mammals; Marine zoology Refer from Archaeology; Heraldry; In- scriptions; Intaglios; Numismatics; Sigillog- raphy (s) ; Signets (s) ; Sphragistics (s) Refer from International law; Maritime law; Neutrality; Privateering; Right of search (s) Refer from Electric lighting Refer from Beaches; Marine zoology; Ocean; Physical geography; Shore (s) Refer from Medicine — Practice; Naval hygiene; Ocean; Ocean travel Refer from Astronomy; Autumn; Climate; Earth; Meteorology; Months; Nature; Spring; Summer; Winter; Year Refer from Federal government; Govern- ment; State rights; U. S. — Constitution; U. S. — History — Civil war 327 Second advent See also Christadeiphians ; Eschatology; Jesus Christ; Judgment day; Millennium; Second adventists Second adventists Second sight See also Clair\'oyance Secondary batteries see Storage batteries Secondary education see Education, Secondary Secondary planets see Satellites Secondary schools see Academies (schools) ; Education, Secondary; High schools Secret chambers Secret service See also Detectives Secret societies See also Benefit societies; Boxers; Camor- ra ; Carbonari; Fenians (society); Fraterni- ties, College; Fraternities, High school; Freemasons; Grange; Hazing; Ku-Klux Klan; Mafia; Malta, Knights of; Nihilism; Odd Fellows; Rosicrucians ; Templars Secret writing see Ciphers Sectionalism Sects See also Anabaptists; Baptists; Brown- ists ; Catholic apostolic church; Catholic church ; Christadeiphians ; Christian science ; Christian union; Church of England; Church of Scotland; Congregationalism; Disciples of Christ; Dissenters; Dukhobors; Flagellants; Friends, Society of; German Baptist brethren; Harmonists; Huguenots; Hussites; Labadists; Lollards; Lutheran church ; Mennonites ; Methodist Episcopal church; Moravians; Mormons and Alormon- ism; Nestorians; New Jerusalem church; Plymouth brethren ; Presbyterianism ; Protes- tant Episcopal church in the U. S. ; Reformed church in America; Salvation army; Sande- manians ; Schwenkfelders ; Second adventists; Separatist society of Zoar; Seventh-day Baptists; Shakers; Unitarianism ; United brethren in Christ; L'niversalism ; Wal- denses; Wesleyan Methodist church Secularism See also Agnosticism; L-tilitarianism Securities See also Bonds; Investments; Mortgages; Negotiable instruments; Stocks Sedan campaign, 1870 See also l'"ranco-Cjerman war Sedimentary rocks see Rocks Sedimentation and deposition See also Erosion ; Geology Refer from Advent; Eschatology; Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ — Second advent (s) ; Judgment day; Millennium; Prophecies; The- ology Refer from Adventists (s) ; Millerites (s) ; Second advent; Sects Refer from Divination; Occult sciences; Superstition Refer from Architecture; P'ngland — - Historic houses ; Priests' holes (s) Refer from Detectives; U. S. — History — Civil war; U. S. — Secret service (s) Refer from. Benefit societies; Fraternities, College; Societies Refer from Politics; U. S. — Economic con- ditions; U. S. — Politics; U. S. — • Social condi- tions Refer from Belief; Christianity; Church history; Denominations, Religious (s) ; Faith; Protestantism; Religion; Religions; Religious denominations (s) ; Theology Refer from Ethics; Free thought; Religion; Utilitarianism Refer from Bonds; Capitalization (fi- nance) (s) ; Dividends (s) ; Finance; Invest- ments; Loans; Mortgages; Negotiable in- struments; Promoting; Stocks Refer from Franco-German war Refer from Deposition (geology) (s) ; Ero- sion ; Geology 328 Sedition act, 1798, see Alien and sedition laws, 1798 Seedlings Seeds See also Botany — ■ Embryology; Germina- tion Adulteration and inspection Dispersal Distribution Inspection, see Seeds ■ — Adulteration and inspection Selection and testing See also Seeds — Adulteration and inspection Seismology see Earthquakes; Volcanoes Selection, Natural, see Natural selection Self-control Self-culture See also Books and reading; Conversation; Correspondence schools and courses; Educa- tion; Etiquet; Mental discipline; Study; Study clubs; University extension Self-denial Self-education see Self-culture Self-government see Democracy; Home rule; Local government; Representative govern- ment and representation Self-government (in education) See also School city; Self-control Self-help see Conduct of life; Self-culture; Self-reliance; Success Self-inductance see Inductance Self-made men see Success Self-reliance Self-respect Selfishness See also Egoism; Hedonism Selling see Sale; Salesmanship Seminary method See also Research Semites see Semitic race Semitic languages See also Arabic language; Assyrian lan- guage ; Hebrew language ; Oriental languages Semitic race See also Arabs ; Jews Senate see under names of countries and states Senators U. S. • — Election Sensation see Senses and sensation Refer from Botany; Gardening; Plants Refer from Botany; Botany — Embryology; Botany, Structural ; Germination; Plant prop- agation ; Plants Refer from Adulterations; Seeds — Inspec- tion (s) ; Seeds — Selection and testing Refer from Ecology; Geographical distribu- tion of animals and plants Refer from Distribution of seed by the government (s) ; Free seed distribution (s) Refer from Agriculture; Gardening; Grain; Plant breeding Refer from Conduct of life; Self-government (in education) Refer from Conduct of life; Culture; Educa- tion; Home education; Mental discipline; Self-education (s) ; Self-help (s) ; Study; Young men ; Young women Refer from Conduct of life; Ethics Refer from Colleges and universities; Edu- cation; Honor system (s) ; School city; School management; Student self-govern- ment (s) Refer from Conduct of life; Self-help (s) Refer from Conduct of life; Ethics Refer from Conduct of life; Egoism; Ethics; Hedonism Refer from Education; Research; Study; Teaching Refer from Arabic language; Assyrian lan- guage; Hebrew language; Language; Oriental languages Refer from Arabs; Ethnology; Jews; Sem- ites (s) Refer from Statesmen Refer from U. S. — Congress; U. S. — Senate Refer from IClections — U. S. ; Popular election of senators (s) 329 Senses and sensation See also Color sehse ; Hearing; Light; Muscular sense; Pain; Perception; Psy- cholog}' ; Psychology, Physiological; Re- action time; Sight; Smell; Sound; Space perception; Taste (sense); Touch Sentence, Indeterminate, see Indeterminate sentence Separatist society of Zoar Separatists see Separatist society of Zoar Separators, Cream, see Cream separators Sepia painting Sepoy rebellion, see Indian mutiny, 1857-1858 Sepulchers see Tombs Sepulture see Burial Seraglio see Harem Serfdom See also Feudalism; Peonage; Russia — History; Slavery; Villeinage Sericulture see Silkworms Sermon on the mount See also Beatitudes; Bible — New Testa- ment — Matthew Sermons See also Children's sermons; College sermons; Funeral sermons; Preaching Illustrative helps, j-^-i? Anecdotes, Religious Outlines Serpent worship Serpents see Snakes Serum therapy See also Antitoxins; Immunity; Inocula- tion Servants See also Employment agencies ; Indentured servants; Livery; Master and servant; Tipping; Waiters Service-books see Liturgies Settlements see Social settlements Seven wonders of the world Seven years' war, 1756-1763 See also Europe — History — 1492-1789; French and Indian war; Germany — ^ His- tory — • 1740-1815 ; Prussia — History Seventeen-year locusts see Cicadas Seventeenth century See also English literature — ■ History and criticism — 17th century; History, Modern Seventh-day Baptists See also German Baptist brethren Sewage See also Filters and filtration; Sewerage;. Water pollution Sewerage See also Plumbing; Sanitary engineering; Sewage; also names of cities, subhead Sewer- age Refer from Consciousness; Hearing; In- tellect; Perception; Psychology; Psychology, Physiological; Sensation (s) ; Sight; Smell; Space perception; Taste (sense); Touch Refer from Separatists (s) ; Sects; Zoar community (s) ; Zoarites (s) Refer from Painting Refer from Feudalism; Government; Slav- ery ; Villeinage Refer from Beatitudes; Bible; Bible — New Testament — Matthew; Jesus Christ — Teach- ing Refer from Homiletics (s) ; Homilies (s) ; Literature; Preaching; Religion; Theology Refer from Animal worship; Animism; Indians — Religion; Nature worship; Snake worship (s) ; Snakes; Worship Refer from Antitoxins; Immunity; Inocula- tion; Organotherapy; Therapeutics Refer from Domestic service (s) ; Domes- tics (s) ; Home economics ; Housemaids (s) ; Labor and laboring classes; Master and serv- ant; Waiters Refer from History, Ancient ; Wonders of the world (s) Refer from Austria — History; England — History — 1714-1837; Europe — History — 1492-1789; France — History — Bourbons; French and Indian war; Germany — History — 1740-1815; Prussia — ^ History; Sweden — History Refer from Europe — History — 1492-1789; History, Modern Refer from Baptists; Sabbatarians (s) ; Sects Refer from Hygiene, Public; Refuse and refuse disposal; Sanitary chemistry; Sanitary engineering; Sanitation; Sewerage; Waste, Disposal of (s) ; Water pollution Refer from Drainage; House drainage (s) ; Municipal engineering; Sanitary engineering; Sanitation; Sewage; Sewers (s) 330 Sewers see Sewerage Sewing see Needlework Sewing machines Sewing schools See also Needlework Sex See also Hermaphroditism; Marriage; Puberty; Sexual ethics Sex worship see Phallicism Sextant See also Astronomical instruments; Sur- veying instruments Sexual ethics See also Adultery; Chastity; Illegitimacy; IMarriage; Prostitution Shades and shadows See also Geometrj-, Descriptive; Perspec- tive Shadow pantomimes Shadows see Shades and shadows Shaft sinking See also Boring; Mining engineering Shafting See also Belting; Power transmission; Pulleys Shakers Shakespeare, William [These subheads may be used for other authors as needed] Actors, see Shakespeare — Stage presenta- tion Animal lore, see Shakespeare — Natural history Authorship -Bacon-Shakespeare controversy, see Shake- speare — Authorship -Biblical knowledge, see Shakespeare — Learning; Shakespeare — Religion and ethics -Bibliography -Biography -Botanical knowledge, see Shakespeare — Natural history -Celebrations -Characters See also Shakespeare — Stage presenta- -Chronology -Clubs, see Shakespeare — Societies -Collier controversy, see Shakespeare — I'extual criticism -Commemorations, see Shakespeare — - Celebrations -Commentaries, see Shakespeare — Criti- cism -Concordances Refer from Alachlnery; Needlework Refer from Needlework; Schools Refer from Biology; Man; Marriage; Physi- ology ; Women Refer from Astronomical instruments; Sur- veying instruments Refer from Adultery; Ethics; Ethics, Sex- ual (s) ; Marriage; Prostitution; Sex; Social purity (s) Refer from Drawing; Geometry, Descriptive; Perspective; Shadows (s) Refer from Amateur theatricals; Chinese shadows (s) ; Gallanty shows (s) ; Pantomime; Puppet plays Refer from Boring; Mines and mineral re- sources; Mining engineering Refer from Belting; Machinery; Power transmission; Pulleys Refer from Communism; Millennial church (s) ; Sects; Socialism; United society of believers (s) Refer from Bacon-Shakespeare controver- sy (s) ; Shakespeare — Bacon-Shakespeare con- troversy (s) ; Shakespeare-Bacon contro- versy (s) Refer from Shakespeare — ^ Editions (s) Refer from Shakespeare tions (s) Commcmora- Refer from Shakespeare — Fools (s) ; Sliake- speare — Heroines (s) ; Shakespeare — Wo- men (s) Refer from Shakespeare — Indexes (s) 2,3'!^ Shakespeare, William — Continued Contemporary England -Criticism [including commentaries without text; criticism of a single play follows its text] See also Shakespeare — Textual criticism -Cyclopedias, see Shakespeare — Diction- aries -Dictionaries -Editions, see Shakespeare — Bibliography -England in Shakespeare's time, see Shake- speare — Contemporary England -Environment, see Shakespeare — Con- temporary England -Ethics, see Shakespeare — Religion and ethics -Fiction [about] -Folklore and mythology -Fools, see Shakespeare -Forgeries Characters -Grammar, see Shakespeare — Language, pronunciation and versification -Heroines, see Shakespeare — Characters -Home See also Stratford-upon-Avon -Humor -Illustrations -Indexes, see Shakespeare — Concordances -Ireland forgeries, see Shakespeare — For- geries -Knowledge, see Shakespeare — Learning -Language, pronunciation and versification -Learning See also Shakespeare — Folklore and mythology; Shakespeare — Natural his- tory; Shakespeare — Sources -Legal knowledge, see Shakespeare — Learning -Medical knowledge, see Shakespeare — Learning -Miscellaneous -Monuments -Music -Mythology, see Shakespeare — Folklore and mythology -Name -Natural history -Periodicals -Philosophy See also Shakespeare ethics Refer from Elizabethan age (s) ; England — History — Elizabethan period; England — Social life and customs; Shakespeare — Eng- land in Shakespeare's time (s) ; Shakespeare — Environment (s) Refer from Shakespeare — Commentaries (s) Refer from Shakespeare — Cyclopedias (s) Refer from Shakespeare — Learning; Shake- speare — Mythology (s) Refer from Literary forgeries and mystifica- tions ; Shakespeare — Ireland forgeries (s) Refer from Stratford-upon-Avon Refer from Shakespeare — Wit and humor (s) Refer from Shakespeare — Pictures (s) Refer from Shakespeare — Grammar (s) ; Shakespeare — Pronunciation (s) ; Shakespeare — Rhetoric (s) ; Shakespeare — ■ Textual criti- cism; Shakespeare — Versification (s) Refer from Shakespeare — Biblical knowl- edge (s) ; Shakespeare — Knowledge (s) ; Shakespeare — Legal knowledge (s) ; Shake- speare — Medical knowledge (s) ; Shakespeare — Sources Refer from Shakespeare — Animal lore (s) ; Shakespeare — Botanical knowledge (s) ; Shakespeare — Learning ; Shakespeare — Plant lore (s) Religion and 332 Shakespeare, William — Continued Pictures, see Shakespeare — Illustrations; Shakespeare — Portraits Plant lore, see Shakespeare — Natural history Plots See also Shakespeare — Sources Poetry [about] Portraits Pronunciation, see Shakespeare — Lan- guage, pronunciation and versification Religion and ethics Rhetoric, see Shakespeare — Language, pronunciation and versification Societies Sources See also Shakespeare — -Learning; Shakespeare — Plots Stage presentation Stories Study and teaching Tales from Shakespeare, see Shakespeare — Stories Textual criticism See also Shakespeare — Language, pro- nunciation and versification Theology, see Shakespeare — Religion and ethics Versification, see Shakespeare — Language, pronunciation and versification Wit and humor, see Shakespeare — Humor Women, see Shakespeare — Characters Shakespeare-Bacon controversy see Shake- speare — Authorship Shawls Shay's rebellion, 1786-1787 See also Massachusetts — History Sheep See also Feeding and feeding stuffs; Live stock; Lngulata; Veterinary medicine; Wool Sheet-metal work See also Brass; Copper; Dies; Metal work; Punching machinery; Tin; Tin- smithing; Zinc Shell money See also Wampum Shell mounds see Kitchen middens Shells (conchology) see MoUusks Shells (expilosives) see Projectiles Shellwork Shelving (for books) Sheriffs See also Arrest Shinto See also Ancestor worship ; Japan — Re- ligion Refer from Plots (drama, novel, etc.); Shakespeare — Sources Refer from Shakespeare — Pictures (s) Refer from Shakespeare — Biblical knowl- edge (s) ; Shakespeare — Ethics (s) ; Shake- speare — Philosophy ; Shakespeare — The- ology (s) Refer from Shakespeare — Clubs (s) Refer from Shakespeare — Learning; Shake- speare — Plots Refer from Shakespeare — Actors (s) ; Shake- speare — Characters ; Theater Refer from Shakespeare — Tales from Shake- speare (s) Refer from Shakespeare — Collier contro- versy (s) ; Shakespeare — Criticism Refer from Costume; Textile industry and fabrics Refer from Massachusetts — History Refer from Domestic animals; Live stock; Ungulata; Veterinary medicine; Wool Refer from Dies; Machine shop practice; Metal work; Tinsmithing Refer from Indians; Money; Wampum Refer from Arts and crafts ^^/fr/rom Book shelves (s) ; Book stacks (s) ; Bookcases (s) ; Books ; Libraries ; Library archi- tecture; Library fittings and supplies; Stacks (for books) (s) Refer from Arrest; County oflicers; Law Refer from. Ancestor worship; Japan — Re- ligion ; Religions ii5 Ship-building see Shipbuilding Ship canals See also Panama canal Ship fever see Typlius fever Ship railroads Ship subsidies see Subsidies Shipbuilding See also Armored vessels; Boats and boat- ing ; Bulkheads ; Launching ; Marine engines ; Motor boats ; Propellers ; Ships ; Steamboats ; Submarine boats; Torpedo boats; War- ships ; Yachts and yachting Shipping See also Carriers; Commerce; Maritime law; Salvage; Shipbuilding; Ships; Steam- boats; Subsidies; Transportation U. S. Shipping subsidies see Subsidies Shippo see Cloisonne Ships See also Anchors ; Armored vessels ; Boats and boating; Galleys; Ice-breaking vessels; Launching; Naval art and science; Navies; Navigation; Propellers; Sailing; Sailors; Sails; Shipbuilding; Shipping; Shipwrecks; Steam navigation; Steamboats; Submarine boats; Torpedo boats; Warships; Yachts and yachting Shipwrecks See also Castaways; Collisions at sea; Life-saving; Lifeboats; Salvage; Wrecking Shoemakers Shoes see Boots and shoes Shooting See also Archery; Ballistics; Firearms; Game; Game birds; Gunnery; Guns; Hunt- ing; Rifie practice; Rifles; Sports; Target practice Shooting stars see Meteors Shop management see Machine shop manage- ment; Scientific management Shop practice see Machine shop practice Shop window decoration see Window dressing Shoplifting see Larceny Shops see Machine shops ; Railroads — Shops Shore see Seashore Shoring and underpinning See also Building; Foundations Short ballot see Ballot Short-sightedness see Myopia Short stories See also Fiction Shorthand See also Abbreviations; Writing Shot-guns see Shotguns Shotguns Refer from Canals; Interoceanic canals (s) ; Panama canal Refer from Railroads Refer from Architecture, Naval (s) ; Boat building (s) ; Bulkheads; Industrial arts; Marine architecture (s) ; Marine engineering; Naval architecture (s) ; Naval art and science; Navigation ; Ship-building (s) ; Shipping ; Ships ; Steamboats; Vessels (s) Refer from Carriers; Commerce; Maritime law; Mercantile marine (s) ; Merchant ma- rine (s) ; Navigation; Ships; Steamboats; Transportation ; Vessels (s) Refer from U. S. — Commerce; U. S. — Merchant marine (s) ; U. S. — Shipping (s) Refer from Boats and boating; Fleets (s) ; Navigation; Ocean; Shipbuilding; Shipping; Vessels (s) Refer from Accidents; Adventure; Cast- aways ; Collisions at sea ; Disasters ; Life-saving ; Navigation; Ocean; Ships; Wrecks (s) Refer from Biography; Boots and shoes Refer from Ballistics; Firearms; Game; Game birds; Gunnery; Gunning (s) ; Guns; Hunting; Rifles; Sports Refer from Building; Foundations; Scaffold- ing; Underpinning (s) Refer frotn Authorship; Fiction; Literature; Stories (s) Refer from Abbreviations; Brachygraphy (s) ; Business education; Phonography (s); Re- porting; Signs; Stenograph)- (s) ; Tachyg- raphy (s) ; Takigraphy (s) ; Writing Refer from Firearms; Guns; Shot-guns (s) 334 Show cards Show windows see Window dressing Shrines See also Holy wells; Miracles; Pilgrim- ages ; Relics Shrubs See also Botany; Gardening; Hedges; Landscape gardening; Topiary work; Trees Siberia — Exiles Sicilian vespers Sick, The, see Invalids Sidereal system see Stars Sidewalks See also Pavements Sieges See also Battles; Fortification; Military art and science; Mines, Military Sight See also Astigmatism; Blind; Color blind- ness; Color sense; Eye; Myopia; Optical illusions; Senses and sensation; Spectacles Sight reading See also Tonic sol-fa Sigillography see Seals (numismatics) Sign boards see Sign painting; Signs Sign language See also Ciphers; Deaf and dumb; Panto- mime Sign painting See also Lettering; Painting, Mechanical; Signs Signals ' See also Beacons ; Bugle calls ; Fire alarms ; Flags; Fog signals; Railroads — Signals; Telegraph; Wireless telegraphy Signatures see Autographs Signboards see Sign painting; Signs Signers of the Declaration of independence see Declaration of independence — Signers Signets see Seals (numismatics) Signs See also Shorthand; Sign language; Sign painting; Signals Signs (omens) see Omens Sikhs See also India — History Silage see Ensilage Silhouettes Silk See also Silkworms; Textile industry and fabrics Silkworms Silos see Ensilage Silurian period see Geology, Stratigraphic — Silurian; Paleontology — Silurian Silver See also Cyanide process; Precious metals ; Silver (as money); Silver mines and mining; Silversmithing; Silverware Refer jrom Advertising Refer from Catholic church ; Christian antiq- uities ; Church furniture; Holy wells; Miracles; Pilgrimages; Relics; Saints Refer from Botany; Gardening; Hedges; Landscape gardening; Plants Refer from Crime and criminals — Russia; Exile; Penal colonies; Prisons — Russia Refer from Massacres; Sicily — History Refer from Pavements; Roads; Streets Refer from Battles; History; Military art and science; Military history; War Refer from Eye; Light; Optics, Physi- ological (s) ; Perception; Senses and sensation; Vision (s) Refer from Music; Music — Instruction and study; Singing and voice culture Refer from Deaf and dumb; Gesture; Lan- guage; Signs Refer from Advertising; Lettering; Painting, Mechanical; Sign boards (s) ; Signboards (s, ; Signs Refer from Collisions at sea; Flags; Military art and science; Naval art and science; Navi- gation ; Signs Refer from Advertising; Business; Municipal improvement; Sign boards (s) ; Sign painting; Signboards (s) Refer from Ind gion ; Religions History; India — Reli- Refer from Art; Drawing Refer from Animal products; Fibers; Textile Industry and fabrics; Yarn Refer from Cocoons; Moths; Sericulture (s) ; Silk Refer from Precious metals as Silver (as money) See also Bimetallism; Coinage; Money Silver mines and mining Silver-plating see Electroplating; Plating Silv^er question see Money — U. S. ; Silver (as money) Silverplating see Electroplating; Plating Silversmithing See also Arts and crafts; Hall marks; Jewelry; Metal coloring; Plate; Silverware Silverware See also Hall marks; Plate; Silversmithing Silviculture see Forests and forestry; Trees Simony Simple life See also Country life; Leisure Simplified spelling see Spelling reform Sin See also Absolution; Christian ethics; Confession ; Crime and criminals ; Depravity ; Evil; Fall of man; Future punishment; Predestination; Repentance; Salvation; Temptation Sincerity See also Honesty; Truth Singers See also Musicians Singing and voice culture See also Breathing; Chanting; Choirs; Choral societies; Music; Musical accompani- ment; School music; Sight reading; Sing- ers; Songs; Tonic sol-fa; Voice Singing societies see Choral societies Single rail see Railroads — Single rail Single tax See also Land nationalization; Land ten- ure; Physiocrats Sinking funds Sirups see Syrups Sisterhoods See also Carmelites; Convents and nun- neries; Deaconesses; Nuns; Religious or- ders; Sisters of charity; Ursullncs Sisters of charity Six nations see Iroquois Indians Sixteenth century See also History, Modern Skat See also Cards Skating See also Roller-skating; Winter sports Refer from Bimetallism ; Campaign literature; Coinage ; Demonetization of silver (s) ; Finance ; Free coinage of silver (s) ; Money; Resumption of specie payment (s) ; Silver; Silver ques- tion (s) ; Specie (s) ; Specie payment (s) Refer from Mines and mineral resources; Silver Refer from Arts and crafts; Jewelry; Metal coloring; Metal work; Plate; Silver; Silverware Refer from Hall marks; Plate; Silver; Sil- versmithing Refer from Church discipline; Church law Refer from Conduct of life; Country life Refer from Christian ethics; Confession; Depravity; Ethics; Evil; Fall of man; Original sin (s) ; Religion; Temptation; Theology; Total depravity (s) Refer from Ethics; Honesty; Truth Refer from Musicians; Prima donnas (s) ; Singing and voice culture; Vocalists (s) ; Women Refer from Breathing; Chanting; Choirs; Elocution; Music; Music — Instruction and study; Songs; Vocal culture (s) ; Vocal music (s) ; Voice; Voice culture (s) Refer from Betterments (s) ; Land; Land nationalization; Land tenure; Real estate; Taxation Refer from Debts, Public; Finance; Funds (s) Refer from Catholic church; Charities; Church history; Church of England; Church polity ; Monastlcism ; Nuns ; Protestant I'',pIsco- pal church in the U. S. ; Religious orders; Women Refer from Charities; Charity, Sisters of (s) ; Nuns; Nurses and nursing; Sisterhoods Refer from Europe — History — 1492-1789; History, Modern Refer from Cards Refer from Athletics; Ice; Locomotion; Sports; Winter sports 336 Skees and skee-running See also \\ inter sports Skeleton See also Anatomy; Anatomy, Compara- ti\"e ; Bones; Skull; Spine Skepticism See also Agnosticism; Atheism; Deism; Free thought; Materialism; Pantheism; Rationalism Sketching see Drawing; Painting Skiagraphs see Radiography Skiing see Skees and skee-running Skin See also Anatomy; Color of man; Skin grafting; Smallpox Diseases See also Lepros}'; Pellagra Skin grafting Skins see Hides and skins Skipjacks Skis see Skees and skee-running Skull See also Brain; Head; Skeleton; Tre- phining Sky see Astronomy; Meteorology Sk\'-scrapers see High buildings Skylights Skyscrapers see High buildings Slag See^ also Blast furnaces; Cement Slander see Libel and slander Slang See also Americanisms; Briticisms Slate Slate writing see Spiritualism Slaughtering and slaughterhouses ^V^' also Meat; Meat inspection; Packing industry Slave trade See also Kidnapping; Slavery Slavery See also Africa — Colonization; Freed- men ; Galleys; Indentured servants; Ne- groes; Peonage; Redemptioners ; Serfdom; Slave trade Slavery in the U. S. See also Abolitionists; Free soil party; Freedmen; Fugitive slaves; Kansas — His- tory; Kansas-Nebraska bill; Mason and Dixon's line; Missouri compromise; Ne- groes; Southern states; Underground rail- road (sla\cry) Slavic languages See also Aryan languages; Bohemian language; Polish language; Russian lan- guage Refer from Skiing (s) ; Skis (s) ; Sports; Winter sports Refer from Anatomy; Anatomy, Compara- tive ; Anthropology ; Bones; Skull; Spine Refer from Agnosticism; Atheism; Belief; Deism; Doubt (s) ; Faith; Free thought; Infidelity (s) ; Philosophy; Religion; Scepti- cism (s) ; Theology; Unbelief (s) Refer from Absorption (physiology) ; Anat- omy ; Beauty, Personal; Dermatology (s) ; Pigmentation (s) Refer from Cutaneous diseases (s) ; Medicine — Practice Refer from Skin; Surgery Refer from Boats and boating; Sailing Refer from Bones; Craniology (s) ; Ethnol- ogy; Head; Skeleton Refer from Building; Roofs; Windows Refer from Blast furnaces; Iron; Metals; Waste products Refer from Argot (s) ; Dialects; English language; Language; Alanners and customs Refer from Building stones; Rocks; Roofs Refer from Abattoirs (s) ; Butchering (s) ; Hygiene, Public; Markets; Meat; Meat in- spection; Packing industry ^c/zr/roOT African slave trade (s) ; Kidnap- ping; Negroes; Slavery Refer from Abolition of slavery (s) ; Anti- slavery (s) ; Emancipation (s) ; Ethics; Freed- men; Freedom (s) ; Government; History; Labor and laboring classes; Liberty; Negroes; Serfdom; Slave trade; Sociology Refer from Abolition of slavery (s) ; Aboli- tionists; Free soil party; Negroes; Southern states; U. S. — History; U. S. — History — Civil war; U. S. — Slavery (s) Refer from Aryan languages; Bohemian language; Polish language; Russian language 337 Slavic literature See also Bohemian literature; Polish literature; Russian literature Slavic mythology see Mythology, Slavic Slavic race see Slavs Slavonic see Slavic Slavs See also Aryans; Czechs; Ethnology — Russia; Panslavism; Poles (Polanders) Slavs in the U. S. See also Bohemians in the U. S. ; Poles in the U. S. ; Russians in the U. S. Sleep See also Dreams; Hypnotism; Insomnia; Nightmare; Somnambulism; Subconscious- ness Sleep-walking see Somnambulism Sleeping cars Sleeping sickness See also Tsetse flies Sleeplessness see Insomnia Sleepwalking see Somnambulism Sleight of hand see Conjuring Slide rule Slide valves see Valves and valve gears Slojd see Manual training; Woodwork Sloth see Idleness Sloyd see Manual training; Woodwork Slumber songs see Lullabies Slums ' See also Poor; Tenement houses Small arms see Firearms Small fruit see Berries ; Fruit Smallpox See also Inoculation; \'accination ; Vario- loid Smell See also Nose; Senses and sensation Smelting See also Blast furnaces ; Electrometallurgy ; Furnaces; Metallurgy; Ore treatment Smoke See also Fuel; Fumigation; Mechanical draft Smokeless powder see Gunpowder Smoking See also Cigarettes; Cigars; Pipes, To- bacco; Tobacco; Tobacco — Physiological effects Smuggling Snake dance See also Indians — Dances Snake venom see Venom Refer from Bohemian literature; Literature; Polish literature; Russian literature Refer from Aryans; Czechs; Ethnology — Europe; Ethnology — Russia; Poles (Poland- ers) ; Slavic race (s) Refer from Bohemians in the U. S. ; Poles in the U. S. ; Russians in the U. S. ; U. S. — Foreign population Refer from Brain; Dreams; Hygiene; In- somnia; Night; Physiology; Psychology; Rest; Somnambulism; Subconsciousness Refer from Cars; Railroads — Rolling stock Refer from Insects as carriers of contagion; Medicine — Practice; Tropics — Diseases and hygiene; Tsetse flies Refer from Calculating machines; Carpen- try; Logarithms; Mathematical instruments; Measuring instruments Refer from Cities; Poor; Social problems; Tenement houses Refer from Contagion and contagious dis- eases; Epidemics; Inoculation; Medicine — Practice; Skin; Vaccination; Variola (s) ; Varioloid Refer from Nose; Odors; Senses and sensa- tion Refer from Furnaces; Metallurgy; Metals; Ore treatment Refer from Air pollution; Chimneys; Com- bustion ; Fire ; Fuel ; Mechanical draft ; Slunici- pal improvement ; iS'uisances ; Sanitary chemis- try ; Sanitation Refer from Cigarettes; Cigars; Pipes, Tobac- co; Temperance; Tobacco; Tobacco — Physi- ological effects Refer from Commerce; Crime and criminals; Tariff Refer from Indians — Dances 338 Snake worship see Serpent worship Snakes See also Reptiles; Serpent worship; Venom Snow See also Avalanches; Ice; Meteorology Snuff Soap See also Chemistry, Technical Soap bubbles Sobriquets see Nicknames; Pseudonyms Sociables see Church entertainments ; Enter- tainments Social centers See also Playgrounds; Social settlements Social classes see Class distinction Social compact see Social contract Social conditions see Civilization; Social prob- lems; Sociology; also names' of countries and cities, subhead Social conditions Social contract Social democracy see Socialism Social ethics See also Christian ethics; Christian soci- ology; Leisure class; Political ethics; Social problems, and references under that subject; State ethics; Wealth Social evil see Prostitution Social life and customs see Manners and cus- toms; Society; also names of countries and cities, subhead Social life and customs Social pathology see Social problems Social problems See also Charities; Child labor; Christian sociology; Cost of living; Crime and crimi- nals; Defectives; Divorce; Education; Eu- genics; Family; Housing problem; Hygiene, Public; Immigration and emigration; Juve- nile delinquency ; Labor and laboring classes ; Liquor problem; Marriage; Municipal gov- ernment ; Poor ; Prostitution ; Race problems ; Reform; Slums; Social ethics; Social work; Socialism; Unemployed; War Social psychology See also Crowds; Ethnopsychology ; Fash- ion; National characteristics; Public opinion Social purity see Sexual ethics Social reform see Reform ; Social problems Social science see Civilization; Economics; Government; Sociology Social service see Social work Social settlements See also Boys' clubs; City missions; Friendly visiting; Mothers' clubs; Neigh- borhood gilds; Neighborhood improvement; Poor; Social work Social work See also Charities; Christian sociology; Discharged prisoners; Friendly visiting; Industrial betterment; Social centers; Social problems; Social settlements Refer from Reptiles; Ophidia (s) ; Serpents (s) Refer from Meteorology; Storms; Water Refer from Tobacco Refer from Chemistry, Technical; Cleaning, Manufactures Refer from Amusements; Bubbles, Soap (s) ; Liquids; Physics Refer from People's palaces (s) ; Recreation centers (s) ; Schoolhouses ; Social work Refer from Go\-ernment; Law pact (s) ; Sociology; Sovereignty Soci Refer from Christian ethics; Christian soci- ology; Ethics; Ethics, Social (s) ; Religion and sociology (s) ; Social problems; Sociology; State ethics Refer from Christian sociology; Civilization; Ethics; Reform; Social conditions (s) ; Social ethics; Social pathology (s) ; Social reform (s) ; Social work ; Sociology Refer from Crowds; Ethnopsychology; Psy- chology; Psychology, Comparative; Psychol- ogy, Social (s) ; Sociology Refer from Charities ; Church settlements (s) ; Church work; College settlements (s) ; Neigh- borhood work (s) ; Philanthropy; Poor; Settle- ments (s) ; Social centers; Social work; Soci- ology; University settlements (s) Refer from Charities; Christian sociology; Philanthropy; Social problems; Social serv- ice (s) ; Social settlements 339 Socialism Sre also Christian socialism; Communism; Cooperation; Economic determinism; Eco- nomics; Equality; Government ownership; Individualism; Land nationalization; Pater- nalism; Shakers; Socialism and Catholic church; Socialism and Christianity; Utopias Christian, see Christian socialism Socialism and Catholic church See also Socialism and Christianity Socialism and Christianity See also Socialism and Catholic church Socialistic communities see Communism; also names of communities Socialistic Utopias see Utopias Socials see Church entertainments; Entertain- ments Societies See also Agricultural societies; Antiqua- rian societies ; Art societies ; Benefit societies ; Bible societies ; Botanical societies; Charitable societies; Clubs; Corporations; Educational associations; Fraternities, College; Frater- nities, High school; Geographical societies; Gilds; Historical societies; Humane societies; Insignia; Labor unions; Learned societies; Literary societies ; Medical societies ; Mis- sionary societies; Musical societies; Patriot- ic societies ; Scientific societies ; Secret socie- ties ; Tract societies ; Typographical societies ; also names of societies Society [for society life, not sociology] See also Class distinction; Conversation; Courts and courtiers ; Entertaining ; Etiquet ; Salons; Sociology; Solitude; also names of countries and cities, subhead Social life and customs Primitive See also Clans; Industries, Primitive; Savages; Tribes and tribal system; Village communities see Friends Jesuits Society of Society of Friends Society of Jesus se Socinianism See also Arianism; Trinity; Unitarianism Sociology See also Altruism; Anarchism and an- archists; Anthropology; Caste; Charities; Children; Christian socialism; Christian sociology; Christianity; Cities; Civiliza- tion; Class distinction; Colonies and coloni- zation; Communism; Cooperation; Crime and criminals ; Crowds ; Defectives ; Di\orce ; Economics; Education; Equality; Ethics; Ethnopsychology ; Eugenics; Evolution; Family; Feudalism; Gilds; Government; Refer from Collectivism (s) ; Communism; Cooperation; Democracy; Economic deter- minism; Economics; Equality; Government; Government ownership; Individualism; Labor and laboring classes; Land nationalization; Nationalism (s) ; Paternalism ; Property ; Social democracy (s) ; Social problems; Sociology; State socialism (s) ; Utopias Refer frovi Catholic church — Social rela- tions; Catholic church and socialism (s) ; Church and state; Socialism; Socialism and Christianity Refer from Christianity; Christianity and socialism (s) ; Church and state; Socialism; Socialism and Catholic church Refer from Associations (s) ; Clubs; Sociology Refer from Etiquet; Manners and customs; Social life and customs (s) ; Sociology Refer from Anthropology; Civilization; Clans; Ethnology; Government; Industries, Primitive; Primitive society (s) ; Savages; Sociology; Tribes and tribal system Refer from Arianism; Humanitarianism (theology) (s) ; Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ — Divinity; Theology; Trinity; Unitarianism Refer from Anthropology; Civilization; Ethics; Government; History; Labor and laboring classes; Man; People; Science; Social conditions (s) ; Social science (s) ; Society 340 Sociology — Continued Immigration and emigration ; Individualism ; Industry; Insurance; Labor and laboring classes; Law; Leisure class; Man; Manners and customs; Marriage; Peace; People; Poor; Population; Prisons; Progress; Prop- erty ; Punishment ; Race problems ; Religion ; Savages; Slavery; Social contract; Social ethics; Social problems; Social psychology; Social settlements; Socialism; Societies; Society; Society, Primitive; Statistics; Tem- perance; Theology; Utopias; War; Women; also names of countries and cities, subhead Social conditions Christian, see Christian sociology Soil absorption See also Soil moisture Soil bacteriology See also Bacteriology, Agricultural; Nitri- fication; Soil inoculation Soil fertility See also Fertilizers and manures; Rotation of crops Soil inoculation See also Nitrification ; Soil bacteriology Soil moisture See also Agricultural physics; Drainage; Soil absorption Soil surveys Soiling crops see Feeding and feeding stuffs SoUs See also Agricultural chemistry; Agricul- tural physics; Agriculture; Alkali lands; Alluvium; Bacteriology, Agricultural; Clay; Drainage; Fertilizers and manures; Irri- gation; Nitrification; Soil absorption; Soil bacteriology; Soil fertility; Soil inoculation; Soil moisture; Soil surveys; Tillage Sol-fa system see Tonic sol-fa Solar eclipses see Eclipses Solar engines see Solar motors Solar heat see Sun Solar motors Solar parallax see Parallax Solar physics see Astronomy; Astrophysics; Sun Solar spectrum see Spectra Solar system See also Asteroids; Astronomy; Meteoritic hypothesis; Nebular hypothesis; Planetesi- mal hypothesis; Planets [and their names]; Sun Solder and soldering See also Alloys; Welding Soldiers See also Armies; Army life; Mercenary troops; Military art and science; Military biography; Pensions; Soldiers' homes; Soldiers' monuments Refer from Absorption In soils (s) ; Agricul- tural physics; Soil moisture; Soils Refer from Bacteriology; Bacteriology, Agri- cultural; Nitrification; Nitrifying bacteria (sj ; Soil inoculation; Soils Refer from Agriculture; Fertility (s) ; Soils Refer from Agriculture; Fertilizers and manures; Inoculation of soils (s) ; Legume inoculation (s) ; Nitrification ; Soil bacteriology ; Soils Refer from Agricultural physics; Moisture of soils (s) ; Soil absorption ; Soils ; Water, Under- ground Refer from Agriculture; Soils; Surveys (s) Refer from Agricultural chemistry; Agricul- tural physics; Agriculture; Geology; Geology, Economic; Alold, Vegetable (s) ; Tillage; Vegetable mold (s) Refer from Motors; Solar engines (s) ; Sun Refer from Astronomy; Planets; Sun Refer from Alloys; Brazing (s) ; Metal work; Metals; Plumbing; Welding Refer from Armies; Army life; Military an and science; Military biography 341 Soldiers' homes Soldiers' monuments Solicitors see Lawyers Solid geometry see Geometry Solids Solitaire Solitude See also Hermits Soluble ferments see Enzymes Solution (chemistry) iS^^ also Boiling points ; Chemistry ; Chem- istry, Physical; Colloids; Electrolysis; Ions; Osmosis Somnambulism See also Dreams; Hypnotism; Sleep Sonatas See also Musical form Song of birds see Birds — Song Songs See also Anthems; Ballads; Campaign songs; Carols; Children's songs; Choruses and part songs; Church music; College songs; Drinking songs; Duets, Vocal; Folk songs; Glees; Hymns; Kindergarten — Games and songs; Lullabies; Lyric poetry; National songs ; Negro songs ; Sailors' songs ; School music; Singing and voice culture; War songs American Se-e also Ballads, American; Campaign songs; Indians — Music; National songs; Negro songs; Songs, English English See also Ballads, English; Songs, Ameri- can; Songs, Irish; Songs, Scottish Irish See also Ballads, Irish -Scores See also references under Songs -Scottish See also Ballads, Scottish Sonnets See also Lyric poetry American See also American poetry; Sonnets, English English See also English poetry; Sonnets, Ameri- can Sophists .SV^ also Philosophy, Greek Sorcery see Witchcraft Sore throat see Throat Sorghum See also Molasses; Sugar Refer from Homes (Institutions) (s) ; Homes for the aged ; Pensions ; Soldiers Refer from Monuments; Soldiers Refer from Matter; Physics Refer from [Cards; Games; Patience (game) (s) Refer from Conduct of life; Society Refer from Chemistry; Chemistry, Physical; Fluids; Ions; Liquids; Osmosis Refer from Dreams ; Hypnotism ; Medicine — Practice; Night; Psychology; Sleep; Sleep- walking (s) ; Sleepwalking (s) Refer from Instrumental music; Music; Music — Scores; Musical form; Piano music; Piano music — Scores Refer from Ballads; Carols; Folk songs; Glees; Lyric poetry; Music; Poetry; Singing and voice culture; Vocal music (s) Refer from American poetry; American songs (s) ; Ballads, American; Music — U. S. ; Songs, English Refer from Ballads, English; English poetry; English songs (s) ; Music — England; Songs, American Refer from Ballads, Irish; Irish poetry; Irish songs (s) ; Music — Ireland; Songs, English Refer from Music — Scores Refer from Ballads, Scottish; Music — Scotland; Scottish poetry; Scottish songs (s) ; Songs, English Refer from Lyric poetry; Poetry Refer from American literature; American poetry; American sonnets (s) ; Sonnets, English Refer from English literature ; English poetry ; English sonnets (s) ; Sonnets, American Refer fro tn Philosophy; Philosophy, Greek Refer from Forage plants; Molasses; Sugar 342 Soteriology see Salvation Soubriquets see Nicknames; Pseudonyms Soul See also Animal intelligence; Animism; Future life; Personality; Prcexistence ; Psy- chology; Spiritual life; Transmigration Sound See also Acoustics of buildings ; Ear ; Hear- ing; Music; Noise; Phonetics; Phonograph; Physics; Radiation; Telephone; Voice Sounding and soundings Soup See also Cookery South (U. S.) see Southern states South African war, 1 899-1902 See also Jameson's raid, 1895-1896; Transvaal South pole See also Antarctic regions Southern states See also Confederate States of America; Creoles; Ku-Klux Klan; Mountaineers of the South; Negroes; Reconstruction; Slav- ery in the U. S. ; Southwestern states; U. S. — History — Civil war ; also names of states Southwest (U. S.) see Southwestern states Southwestern states See also Santa Fe trail ; Western states ; also names of states Sovereigrts see Caliphs; Emperors; Kings and rulers; Monarchy; Queens and empresses Sovereignty See also Constitutional law; Government; Social contract; State rights Space See also Ether (of space) ; Fourth dimen- sion ; Space perception Space perception See also Perception; Senses and sensation Space telegraphy see Wireless telegraphy Spain — History To 1479 See also Moors in Spain 1479-1700 See also Armada, 1588; Reformation — Spain 1700- See also Austrian succession, War of; Carlists; Peninsular war, 1807-1814; Spanish succession, War of; U. S. — History — War with Spain Spanish America see Latin America Spanish-American war, 1898, see U. S. — His- tory — War with Spain Spanish armada see Armada, 1588 Spanish inciuisition see Inquisition Spanish language [subdivided like German language] See also Romance languages Refer from Animism; Dualism; Ethics; Future life; Man; Materialism; Aletaphysics ; Personality; Philosophy; Preexistence ; Psy- chology ; Salvation ; Spirit (s) ; Theology ; Trans- migration Refer from Acoustics (s) ; Ear; Music; Noise; Physics; Radiation; Senses and sensa- tion; Vibration; Voice; Waves Refer from Deep-sea sounding (s) ; Hydrog- raphy; Navigation; Ocean Refer from Cookery Refer from Anglo-Boer war (s) ; Boer war, 1899-1902 (s) ; Boers; Concentration camps; England — ^ History — Victorian period; Eng- land — History — 1901-; Transvaal Refer from Antarctic regions; Earth; Polar regions (s) Refer from Negroes; Reconstruction; Slavery in the U. S.; South (U. S.) (s) Refer from Southern states; Southwest (U. S.) (s) ; Western states Refer from Constitutional law; Government; International law; Law Refer from Astronomy; Metaphysics; Philos- ophy Refer from Perception; Psychology, Physi- ological; Senses and sensation; Space Refer from Moors in Spain Refer from Armada, 1588; Reformation — Spain Refer from Austrian succession, War of; Carlists; Peninsular war, 1807-1814; Spanish succession, War of Refer from Romance languages 343 Spanish literature See also Authors, Spanish; Romance literature; Spanish poetry Spanish poetry •S^^ also Poets, Spanish; Spanish literature Spanish succession, War of, 1 701 -17 14 See also Europe — History — 1492-1789; Queen Anne's war; Spain — History — 1700- Sparring see Boxing Sparrows See also Birds Spas see Health resorts Speakers see Orators; Recitations and readings Speaking see Elocution; Oratory; Preaching; Rhetoric; Speech; Voice Spear throwers see Throwing sticks Specie see Gold (as money); Money; Silver (as money) Specie payment see Money — U. S. ; Silver (as money) Species See also Evolution ; Hybridization ; Natural selection ; Plant breeding ; Variation (biology) Specific gravity See also Gravitation ; Hydrometer ; Weights and measures Specifications (building) see Building — Con- tracts and specifications Spectacles See also Eye ; Lenses Specters see Apparitions; Ghosts Spectra See also Light; Radioactivity; Spectro- scope; Spectrum analysis Spectres see Apparitions; Ghosts Spectroscope See also Spectrum analysis Spectroscopy see Spectrum analysis Spectrum see Spectra; Spectrum analysis Spectrum analysis See also Spectra; Spectroscope Speculation See also Credit; Investments; Panics; Stock exchange; Stocks; Wall street Speech See also Animals — Language; Aphasia; Conversation; Deaf and dumb; Elocution; Language; Liberty of speech; Lip reading; Stammering; Voice Speech of animals see Animals — Language Speeches see After-dinner speeches; Orations; Oratory Refer from Authors, Spanish; Romance literature; Spanish poetry Refer from Poets, Spanish; Spanish litera- ture Refer from England — History — Stuarts ; Europe — History — 1492-1789; France — History — Bourbons ; Germany — History — 1517-1740; Spain — History — 1700-; War of the Spanish succession (s) Refer from Birds Refer from Biology; Evolution; Heredity; Natural selection ; Origin of species (s) ; Trans- mutation of species (s) ; Variation (biology); Zoology Refer from Density (s) ; Gravitation; Hydro- statics; Matter; Weights and measures Refer from Eye; Eye-glasses (s) ; Optical instruments ; Sight Refer from Absorption spectra (s) ; Astrono- my; Light; Radiation; Solar spectrum (s) ; Spectrum (s) ; Spectrum analysis; Stars; Sun Refer from Astronomical instruments; Opti- cal instruments; Spectra; Spectrum analysis Refer from Analysis, Spectrum (s) ; Astrono- my; Astrophysics; Chemistry; Light; Spectra; Spectroscope; Spectroscopy (s) ; Spectrum (s) ; Sun Refer from Bucket shops (s) ; Commerce; Corners, Commercial (s) ; Economics; Finance; Investments; Panics; Stock exchange; Wall street Refer from Language; Phonetics; Speak- ing (s); Voice 344 speed See also Velocity Speleology see Caves Spellers See also Primers; Spelling Spelling See also Spellers; Spelling, English; Spel- ling reform; Transliteration; also names of languages other than English, e.g. German language — Spelling English See also Spelling reform Spelling reform Spherical astronomy see Astronomy, Spherical and practical Spherical trigonometry see Trigonometry Sphragistics see Seals (numismatics) Sphygmograph Spices See also Condiments; Essences and essen- tial oils; also names of spices Spiders See also Arachnida Spies Spikes see Nails and spikes Spinal meningitis see Meningitis Spine See also Meningitis; Nervous system; Skeleton Spinet see Piano Spinning See also Textile industry and fabrics; Yarn Spinsters Spiral gearing see Gearing Spires See also Church architecture; Towers Spirit see Holy Spirit; Soul Spiritism see Spiritualism Spirits see Apparitions; Demonology ; Ghosts; Spiritualism; Witchcraft Spiritual life See also Christian life and character; New thought; Sanctification Spiritualism See also Apparitions; Clairvoyance; Mind reading; Psychical research Spirituous liquors see Liquors Splashes Splicing see Knots and splices Spoils system see Civil service Sponges See also Invertebrates Refer from Aeronautics; Animal locomotion; Automobiles; High speed (s) ; Railroads; Velocity Refer froyn Spelling; Textbooks Refer from Language; Orthography Phonetics; Spellers; Words Refer from English language; English lan- guage — Orthography (s) ; English language — Spelling (s) ; English spelling (s) ; Spelling Refer from Phonetic spelling (s) ; Simplified spelling (s) ; Spelling; Spelling, English Refer from Blood; Diagnosis; Heart Refer from Agricultural products; Agricul- ture — • Tropics ; Condiments Refer from Arachnida Refer from Military art and science; Spy- ing (s) Refer from Backbone (s) ; Bones; Nervous system; Skeleton; Vertebral column (s) Refer from Textile industrv and fabrics; Yarn Refer from Celibacy; Old maids (s) ; Women Refer from Architecture; Church architec- ture; Steeples (s) ; Towers Refer from Christian life and character; Conduct of life; Ethics; Life; Personal re- ligion (s) ; Religion; Religion, Personal (s) ; Religious experience (s) ; Soul Refer from Animism; Apparitions; Future life; Ghosts; Mediums (s) ; Miracles; Occult sciences; Philosophy; Psychical research; Religions; Slate writing (s) ; Spiritism (s) ; Spirits (s) ; Supernatural; Superstition; Table- moving (s) ; Theology Refer from Capillarity; Liquids; Viscosity Refer from In\ertebrates ; Marine zoology; Porifcra (s) 345 Spontaneous combustion see Combustion Spontaneous generation See also Reproduction Sports See also Acrobats; Aeronautics; Amuse- ments; Aquatic sports; Archery; Athletics; Automobile racing; Betting; Boats and boat- ing; Boxing; Bullfights; Camping; Canoes and canoeing; Coasting; College athletics; Coursing; Cycling; Driving; Falconry; Fencing; Fishing; Gambling; Games, and names of games; Gymnastics; Horse racing; Horsemanship; Hunting; Ice boats; Jiu- jitsu; Kites; Land yachts; Mountaineering; Olympic games; Outdoor life; Physical edu- cation; Roller-skating; Rowing; Running; Sailing; Shooting; Skating; Skees and skee- running; Swimming; Tobogganing; Tourna- ments ; Track athletics ; Training ; Trapping; Walking; Winter sports ; Wrestling; Yachts and yachting Spraying See also Bordeaux mixture; Fruit — Dis- eases and pests; Fungicides; Insecticides Spring See also Seasons Springs See also Geysers and hot springs; Mineral waters; Sulphur springs; Water, Under- ground ; Wells Spying see. Spies Squabs see Pigeons Square (instrument) Squares, Magic, see Magic squares Squaring of the circle see Circle-squaring Stables see Barns and stables Stacks (for books) see Shelving (for books) Stage see Acting; Drama; Theater; Vaudeville Stage-coaches see Coaches and coaching Stage make-up see Make-up, Theatrical Stained glass See also Glass, Ornamental Stains and staining See also Graining; Wood finishing Stair building See also Railings Stairs see Stair building Stairways see Stair building Stammering Stamp act, 1765 See also U. S. — History — Revolution — Causes Refer from Abiogenesis (s) ; Archegony (s) ; Biology; Generation, Spontaneous (s) ; Life — Origin; Reproduction Refer from Adventure ; Amusements ; Aquat- ic sports; Athletics; Country life; Field sports (s) ; Games; Hunting; Manly exer- cise (s) ; Outdoor life; Pastimes (s) ; Physical education; Play; Recreation (s) ; Shooting; Winter sports Refer from Bordeaux mixture; Fruit — Diseases and pests; Fruit culture; Fungicides; Gardening; Insecticides; Insects, Injurious and beneficial ; Plants — Diseases; Trees — Diseases and pests Refer from Seasons Refer from Fountains; Geysers and hot springs; Physical geography; Water; Water, Underground; Wells Refer from Carpenters' square (s) ; Carpen- try; Measuring instruments; Steel square (s) ; Tools Refer from Art; Decoration and ornament; Glass; Glass, Ornamental; Glass nainting (s) ; Painted glass (s) ; Painting; Windows Refer from Graining; Painting, Mechanical; Wood finishing; Woodwork Refer from Architecture; Building; Carpen- try; Stairs (s) ; Stairways (s) Refer from Speech; Stuttering (s) ; Voice Refer from Stamp duties; U. S. — History — Colonial period ; \J. S. — History — Revolu- tion — Causes 346 Stamp duties See also Stamp act, 1765 Stamps see Postage stamps Standard of living See also Cost of living; Luxury; Thrift; Wages Extravagance ; Standard of value see Money; Value Standard time see Time Standards see Flags; Standards of length; Units; Weights and measures Standards of length Standing army see Armies Star atlases see Astronomy — Atlases Stars See also Asteroids ; Astrology ; Astronomy ; Astronomy — Atlases; Astrophysics; Mete- ors; Milky way; Parallax; Planets; Plani- spheres; Spectra; Zodiac Starvation See also Famines State, The, see Government State and education see Education and state State banks see Banks and banking — U. S. State church see Church and state; Church of England — Establishment State constitutions see Constitutions, State State debts see Debts, Public State ethics See also Political ethics; Social ethics State fairs see Agricultural exhibitions State governments See also Constitutions, State ; Local govern- ment; also names of states State ownership see Government ownership State publications see Government publica- tions, and names of states, subhead Govern- ment publications State regulation of industry see Government regulation of industry State rights See also Kentucky and Virginia resolu- tions, 1798; Nationalism, New; Nullifica- tion; Secession; States (U. S.) Refer from Commerce; Internal revenue (s) ; Taxation Refer from Conduct of life; Cost of living; Economics; Ethics; Home economics; Labor and laboring classes; Life; Living, Standard of (s) ; Luxury; Poor; Prices; Thrift; Wages Refer from Length, Standards of (s) ; Stand- ards (s) ; Weights and measures Refer from Astronomy; Astrophysics; Con- stellations (s) ; Double stars (s) ; Sidereal system (s) Refer from Diet; Famines; Fasting Refer from Ethics; Ethics, National (s) ; Ethics, State (s) ; International law; Inter- national relations; National ethics (s); Social ethics Refer from Constitutions, State; Federal government; Government; States (U. S.) Refer from Federal government; Govern- ment; Government regulation of industry; Nullification; Secession; Sovereignty; States (U. S.) ; States rights (s) ; U. S. — Constitution State socialism see Socialism State trials see Trials States (U. S.) See also Constitutions, State; State Refer from State rights; U. S. — States (s governments; State rights States rights see State rights Statesmanship see Diplomacy; Government Statesmen See also Diplomats; Governors; Ministers of state; Prime ministers; Senators Static electricity see Electrostatics Statics See also Dynamics; Elasticity; Electro- statics; Graphic statics; Hydrostatics; Mechanics Refer from Biography; Go\'crnmcnt Refer from Dynamics; Engineering; Equilib- rium (s) ; Mechanics; Physics 347 Stationery See also Ink; Paper Stations, Railroad, see Railroads — Stations Statistics See also Almanacs; Census; Church statistics; Population; Probabilities; Tabu- lating machines; Vital statistics; Yearbooks. For statistics of a special subject, country or place see its name Statues See also Monuments ; Plaster casts ; Sculp- ture Statute of limitations see Limitations (law) Statutes see names of countries and states Staves see Cooperage Stealing see Embezzlement; Larceny Steam See also Boilers; Condensers (steam); Steam engines; Steam heating; Steam launches; Steam navigation; Steam pipes; Steam turbines; Steamboats; Thermody- namics Steam boilers see Boilers; Steam engines Steam engines See also Boilers; Calorimeters and calorim- etry; Condensers (steam); Fire engines; Heat; Indicators for steam engines; In- jectors; Link motion; Locomotives; Marine engines; Power plants. Steam; Railroads; Safety valves; Steam; Steam navigation; Steam turbines; Steamboats; Traction en- gines; Valves and valve gears Steam fitting see Pipe fitting; Steam pipes Steam heating See also Heating; Hot water heating; Steam. pipes Steam injectors see Injectors Steam launches Refer from Manufactures; Paper Refer from Census; Commerce; Economics; Government; History; Population; Sociology Refer from Iconography (s) ; Monuments; Plaster casts; Sculpture Refer from Boilers; Heat; Physics; Power; Steam engines; Thermodynamics; Vapor (s) ; Water Refer from Boilers; Condensers (steam); Engineering; Engines; Heat engines; Indica- tors for steam engines ; Locomotives ; Machinery; Marine engines; Mechanical engineering; Me- chanics; Motors; Power plants, Steam; Rail- roads ; Safety valves ; Steam ; Steam boilers (s) ; Steam navigation; Thermodynamics; Valves and \'al\-e gears Refer from Heating; Steam; Steam pipes Refer from Boats and boating; Launches (s) ; Steam; Steamboats Steam navigation See also Boilers, Marine ; Marine engineer- ing; Marine engines; Navigation; Steam engines; Steam turbines; Steamboats Steam pipes See also Pipe fitting; Steam heating Steam plants see Power plants. Steam Steam power plants see Power plants, Steam Steam pumps see Pumps Steam turbines Steam yachts see Yachts and yachting Steamboat inspection Steamboats See also Boilers, Marine; Bulkheads; Fire boats; IVlarine engines; Ocean travel; Pro- pellers; Shipbuilding; Shipping; Steam launches; Steam navigation; Steamboat in- spection; Steerage; Warships; Yachts and yachting Steamers see Steamboats Steamships see Steamboats Refer from Commerce; Inland navigation; Marine engineering ; Navigation ; Ships ; Steam ; Steam engines; Steamboats; Transportation Refer from Pipe; Pipe fitting; Pipes (s) ; Steam; Steam fitting (s) ; Steam heating Refer from Marine engineering; Marine engines; Steam; Steam engines; Steam naviga- tion; Turbines Refer from Inspection of steamboats (s) ; Maritime law; Steamboats Refer from Navigation; Ocean travel; Propellers; Shipbuilding; Shipping; Ships; Steam; Steam engines; Steam navigation; Steamers (s) ; Steamships (s) ; Transportation; Vessels (s) 348 steel See also Annealing ; Armor plate ; Bessemer process; Corrosion and anti-corrosives; F"oundry work; Iron ; Metallography ; Metals; Nickel steel; Rails; Steel construction; Steel industry; Tool steel; Tubes Steel construction See also Bridges; Building; Concrete, Reinforced; Concrete construction; Corro- sion and anti-corrosives; Girders; Graphic statics; High buildings; Roofs; Strains and stresses; Strength of materials Steel engra\ing see Engraving Steel industry See also Iron industrj- ; Rolling mills Steel rails see Rails Steel square see Square (instrument) Steel ties see Railroads — Ties Steel works see Steel industry Steeplechasing see Horse racing Steeples see Spires Steerage Stellar parallax see Parallax Stencil work Stencilling see Stencil work Stenography see Shorthand Steppes Stereochemistry See also Atoms; Chemistry, Physical; Isomerism Stereography see Geometry Stereopticon See also Lantern slides Refer from Annealing; Bessemer process; Building materials; Iron; Metallography; Metals Refer from Architecture; Building; Civil engineering; Fireproof construction; Girders; Graphic statics; High buildings; Roofs; Steel Refer from Iron industry; Manufactures; Rolling mills; Steel; Steel works (s) Refer from Ocean travel; Steamboats Refer from Arts and crafts; Decoration and ornament; Design, Decorative; Frescoes; Painting; Stencilling (s) Refer from Physical geography; Plains Refer from Atoms; Chemistry; Chemistry, Physical; Isomerism; Molecules; Polarization (light); Sugar ^("/fr/rowj Lantern slides ; Magic lantern (s) ; Optical instruments; Photography Refer from Optical instruments Refer from Geometry, Descriptive; Masonry; Stonecutting Refer from Electrotyping ; Printing Refer from Bev^erages ; Diet; Drugs; Food; Hygiene; Intoxicants (s) ; Medicine; Temper- ance; Therapeutics Refer from Engraving; Etching Stereoscope Stereotomy See also Stonecutting Stereotyping See also Electrotyping; Printing Stimulants See also Alcohol; Beverages; Coffee; Liquors; Tea; Temperance Stipple engraving See also Engraving Stitches see Embroidery; Needlework Stock breeding see Breeding; Live stock Stock companies see Corporations; Joint-stock companies Stock exchange See also 13anks and banking; Brokers and factors; Money ; Panics; Speculation; Stocks; Brokers and factors; Business; Commerce; Wall street Corners, Commercial (s) ; Economics; Ex- change; Finance; Money ; Speculation ; Stocks; Wall street Stock farming see Live stock Stock raising see Live stock Stockings see Hosiery 349 Refer from Arbitrage (s) ; Banks and banking; Stocks See also Bonds; Corporations; In\est- ments; Joint-stock companies; Securities; Stock excliange; \\'all street Stoics See also Philosophy, Greek Stomach See also Digestion ; Digestive system Stone See also Blasting; Building stones; Gran- ite; Marble; Masonry; Precious stones; Quarries and quarrying; Rocks; Sandstone; Stone age; Stone implements; Stonecutting Artificial See also Concrete Philosopher's, see Philosopher's stone Stone age See also Archaeology; Man — Origin and antiquit}-; Picts ; Stone implements Stone-cutting see Stonecutting Stone implements See also Indians — • Implements and weap- ons ; Industries, Primitive; Stone age Stone quarries see Quarries and quarrying Stonecutting See also Building stones; Sculpture; Stereotomy Stones see Stone; Building stones; Precious stones Stoneware see Pottery Storage batteries See also Electric batteries Stores see Business; Department stores Stories see Children's literature; Fairy tales; Fiction; Kindergarten — ^ Stories ; Legends; Romances; Short stories; Story-telling Storms See also Cyclones; Hail; Hurricanes; Insurance, Casualty; Meteorology; Rain; Snow; Thunderstorms; Tornadoes; Winds Story-telling Stoves See also Aladdin oven; Fireless cookers; Heating ; Ovens Strains and stresses See also Arches; Bridges; Building; P'lasti- city; Girders; Graphic statics; Mechanics, Applied; Roofs; Strength of materials; Trusses Strategy see Military art and science; Naval art and science Stratigraphy see Geology, Stratigraphic Strawberries See also Berries Refer from Banks and banking; Bonds; Commerce; Corporations; Dividends (s) ; Economics; Exchange; Finance; Investments; Joint-stockcompanies ; Negotiableinstruments; Securities; Speculation; Stock exchange Refer fro fn Ethics; Materialism; Philosophy; Philosophy, Greek Refer from Abdomen; Digestion; Digestive system Refer from Building materials; Building stones ; Geology ; Geology, Economic ; Masonry; Mineralogy; Quarries and quarrying; Rocks; Stones (s) Refer from Artificial stone materials; Concrete (s) ; Building Refer from Archaeology; Eolithic period (s) ; Man — Origin and antiquity; Neolithic peri- od (s) ; Paleolithic period (s) ; Stone; Stone implements ^^'/^r/rom Archaeology ; Flint implements (s) ; Implements, utensils, etc.; Indians — -Imple- ments and weapons; Industries, Primitive; Stone; Stone age; Tools Refer from Building stones; Masonry; Stereotomy; Stone; Stone-cutting (s) Refer from Accumulators (s) ; Batteries (electric) (s) ; Electric batteries; Secondary batteries (s) Refer from. Blizzards (s) ; Cyclones ; Disasters ; Gales (s) ; Hurricanes; Meteorology; Thunder- storms; Tornadoes; Weather; Whirlwinds (s) ; Winds Refer from Kindergarten; Stories (s) ; Teach- ing Refer from Heating; Iron industr)-; Ovens Refer from Architecture; Arches; Bridges; Building; Elasticity; Girders; Graphic statics; Mechanics, Applied ; Roofs ; Steel construction ; Strength of materials ; Stresses (s) ; Trusses Refer from Berries 350 Streams see Rivers Street cars see Cars; Street railroads Street cleaning See also Refuse and refuse disposal Street cries See also Peddlers and peddling Street lighting see Lighting Street railroads See also Cable railroads ; Electric railroads ; Elevated railroads; Rapid transit; Subways; Suspended railways; also names of cities, subhead Street railroads Streets See also Asphalt; Pavements; Roads; Sidewalks; Street cleaning; also names of cities, subhead Streets Strength of materials See also y\rchitecture ; Building; Building materials; Elasticity; Girders; Graphic statics; Masonry; Strains and stresses; Trusses; also names of materials Stresses see Strains and stresses Strikes and lockouts See also Arbitration and conciliation, In- dustrial; Blacklisting; Boycott; Labor and laboring classes; Labor unions; Open and closed shop; Riots; also special strikes, e.g. Anthracite coal strike, 1902 String figures Stringed instruments See also Guitar; Harp; Harpsichord; Musical instruments; Piano; Violin; Violon- cello Structural botany see Botany, Structural Stucco See also Cement; Gesso; Plaster and plastering Student life See also Class day; College athletics; College stories; Colleges and universities; Fraternities, College ; Hazing ; School stories ; Students Student self-government see Self-government (in education) Student songs see College songs Student volunteer movement Students See also Colleges and universities; Educa- tion; Student life; Student volunteer move- ment; Students' periodicals Students' periodicals See also Amateur journalism Refer from Cities; Cleaning; Hygiene, Pub- lic; \Iunicipal engineering; Refuse and refuse disposal ; Roads ; Sanitary engineering ; Streets ; Sweeping Refer from Advertising; Cities; Cries (s) ; Peddlers and peddling Refer from Electric railroads; Horse rail- roads (s) ; Public serv'ice corporations; Rail- roads; Rapid transit; Roads; Street cars (s) ; Tramways (s) ; Transportation Refer from Cities; Civil engineering; High- ways (s) ; Municipal engineering; Alunicipal improvement; Pavements; Roads; Thorough- fares (s) Refer from Architecture; Building; Building materials; Civil engineering; Columns; Elas- ticity ; Engineering ; Graphic statics ; Masonry ; Materials, Strength of (s) ; Mechanics ; Metals ; Resistance of materials (s) ; Steel construction ; Strains and stresses; Testing (s) ; Timber; Trusses Refer from. Arbitration and conciliation, Industrial; Boycott; Economics; Labor and capital; Labor and laboring classes; Labor unions ; Lockouts (s) ; Riots Refer from Amusements; Cat's cradle (s) ; Games Refer from Bow (music) (s) ; Bowed instru- ments (s) ; Guitar ; Harp ; Musical instruments ; Orchestras; \'iolin ; Violoncello Refer from Building materials; Cement; Decoration and ornament; Mural painting and decoration; Plaster and plastering Refer from College life (s) ; College stu- dents (s) ; Colleges and universities; Hazing; School life (s) ; Students Refer from Colleges and universities ; Mis- sionaries; Alisslons ; Allssions, Foreign; Stu- dents Refer from College students (s) ; Colleges and unl\crsities ; Education; Literary men (s) ; Student life Refer from Amateur journalism; College periodicals (s) ; Colleges and universities; Journalism; Periodicals; Students 351 \ Study See also Education; Research; Scholars; Scientific research; Self-culture; Seminary method; Study clubs; also subhead Study and teaching under various subjects Study clubs Si-r also Literary societies Stuttering see Stammering Style (in dress) see Costume; Fashion Style, Literary, see Rhetoric Subconsciousness See also Faith cure; Hypnotism; Person- ality ; Sleep Sublime See also Esthetics Submarine boats See also Submarine boats warfare ; Torpedo Submarine cables see Cables, Submarine Submarine mines see Mines, Submarine Submarine navigation see Submarine boats Submarine telegraph see Cables, Submarine Submarine warfare See also Mines, Submarine; Submarine boats; Torpedo boats; Torpedoes Subsidies See also Bounties Subsoiling see Tillage Subterranean water see Water, Underground Suburban houses see Architecture, Domestic; Country houses Subways See also Rapid transit; Tunnels Success See also Ambition; Business; Conduct of life ; Fame ; Leadership ; Occupations ; Oppor- tunity; Popularity; Profession, Choice of; Thrift Succession see Inheritance Suffering See also Affliction; Consolation; Pain Suffrage See also Ballot; Citizenship; Election laws; Elections; Naturalization; Negro suffrage; Representative go\-ernment and representation; Woman suffrage Suffragettes see Woman suffrage Sufiism see Sufism Sufism See also Mohammedanism Sugar See also Beets and beet sugar; Chemistry, Technical; Confectionery; Glucose; Mo- lasses; Sorghum; Stereochemistry; Syrups Refer from Education; School children: Self-culture; Teaching Rejer fro7n Clubs; Courses of study (s) ; Literary societies; Self-culture; Study; Wo- men's clubs Refer from Consciousness ; Habit ; Hypnotism; Mind and body; Psychical research; Psychol- ogy ; Sleep ; Suggestion Refer from Esthetics Refer from Boats and boating; Naval art and science; Navigation; Shipbuilding; Ships; Submarine navigation (s) ; Submarine warfare; Torpedo boats ; Warships Refer fro 711 Naval art and science; Submarine boats Refer from Bounties; Commerce; Ship subsidies (s) ; Shipping; Shipping subsidies (s) ; Transportation Refer from Civil engineering; Engineering; Railroads; Railroads, Underground (s) ; Rapid transit; Street railroads; Tunnels; Under- ground roads (s) Refer from Business; Commerce; Conduct of life; Ethics; Fortune (s) ; Luck, (s) ; Oppor- tunity; Self-help (s) ; Self-made men (s) ; Wealth; Young men Refer from Pain Refer from Ballot; Constitutional law; Democracy; Disfranchisement (s) ; Election laws; Elections; I'^lective franchise (s) ; Franchise (s) ; Government; Politics; Repre- sentative government and representation; Universal suffrage (s) ; Voting (s) Refer from Mohammedanism; Mysticism; Sufiism (s) Refer from Agricultural products; Agricul- ture — Tropics; Beets and beet sugar; Chem- istry, Technical; Food; Sorghum 352 Sugar beet see Beets and beet sugar Suggestion See also Animal magnetism; Hj'pnotism; Mental healing; Mental hygiene; New thought ; Subconsciousness ; Suggestive thera- peutics; lliouglit transference Suggestive therapeutics See also Christian science; Emmanuel movement; Faith cure; Hypnotism; Mental healing Suicide Suits at law see Actions at law Sullivan's expedition, 1779 See also U. S. — History — Revolution Sulphur See also Geology, Economic; Sulphur springs Sulphur springs See also Mineral waters Summer See also Seasons Summer cottages see Cottages; also Architec- ture, Domestic; Country houses Summer resorts See also Health resorts Summer schools See also Teachers' institutes; Vacation schools Sumptuary laws Sun See also Astronomy; Astrophysics; Eclips- es; Parallax; Solar motors; Solar system; Spectra; Spectrum analysis; Sun spots Sun dance See also Indians — Dances Sun-dials see Sundials Sun spots Sun w^orship See also Sun dance Sunday See also Church attendance Sunday school entertainments See also Christmas entertainments ; Church entertainments Sunday school lessons See also Bible — Question books; Bible — Study and teaching Sunday school libraries Sunday schools .S'^'^ also Bible — Study and teaching; Religious education; Sunday school enter- tainments; Sunday school lessons; Sunday sciujol libraries Sundials Sunstroke see Heatstroke Refer from Animal magnetism; Autosug- gestion (s) ; Hypnotism ; Mental suggestion (s) ; Mind and body ; Psychical research ; Psychology Refer from Faith cure; Hypnotism; Mental healing; Psychotherapy (s) ; Suggestion; Ther- apeutics Refer from Crime and criminals; Death; Ethics; Insanity; Medical jurisprudence; Mental diseases; Murder Refer from Iroquois Indians; U. S. — History — Revolution — Campaigns and battles Refer from Chemical elements; Geology, Economic; Mines and mineral resources Refer from Mineral waters; Springs; Sulphur Refer from Seasons Refer from Health resorts ; Resorts (s) ; Vacations; Watering places (s) Refer from Education; Schools; V'acation schools Refer from Clotliing; Economics; Extrava- gance; Law; Luxury Refer from. Astronomy; Astrophysics; Eclips- es; Heat; Light; Solar heat (s) ; Solar phys- ics (s) ; Solar system Refer from Indians — Dances; Sun worship Refer from Meteorology; Sun Refer from Nature worship; Worship Refer from Church work; Church polity; Ethics; Fasts and feasts; Religion; Sab- bath (s) ; Theology Refer from Church entertainments; Enter- tainments; Sunday schools Refer from Bible — Stud}- and teaching; Sunday schools Refer from Children's literature; Libraries; Libraries, Sunday school (s) ; Sunda)' schools Refer from Bible — Study and teacliing; Bible classes (s) ; Children; Church work; Education; Religious education; Schools Refer from Archaeology; Dialing (s) ; Dials (s) ; Gnomonics (s) ; Sun-dials (s) ; Timekeepers 353 Superintendents, School, see School superin- tendents and principals Supernatural See also Apparitions; Inspiration; Mir- acles; Psychical research; Religion; Spirit- ualism; Superstition; Theology Superstition Sec also Alchemy; Amulets; Apparitions; Astrology; Charms; Demonology; Devil; Divination; Dreams; Evil eye; Fairies; Fetishism ; Folklore ; Fortune telling ; Ghosts ; Halloween; Legends; Magic; Mythology; Occult sciences ; Omens ; Oracles ; Palmistry ; Relics ; Religions ; Second sight ; Spiritualism ; Supernatural; Totems and totemism ; Vam- pires; Voodooism ; Weather lore; Wer- wolves; Witchcraft Supply and demand See also Competition; Consumption (eco- nomics); Economics; Exchange; Prices; Value Suppuration See also Abscess; Inflammation; Ulcers Supremacy of the pope see Popes — Authority and supremacy Sureties see Guaranties and sureties Surfaces Surgeons see Physicians and surgeons Surgery See also Accidents ; Amputation ; Anatomy ; Anesthetics ; Antiseptics ; Appendicitis ; Au- topsy ; Bandages and bandaging; Blood- letting; Bones; Deformities; Dentistry; Diagnosis; Dislocations; Dissection; First aid in illness and injury ; Fractures ; Medicine ; Physicians and surgeons; Skin grafting; Surgery, Military; Surgery, Naval; Surgical instruments; Trephining; Tumors; Vivisec- tion ; Wounds Military See also Ambulances; Battlefield relief; First aid in illness and injury; Surgery, Naval ; Wounds Naval See also W^ounds Surgical instruments Surnames see Names, Personal Surrogate law see Probate law and practice Surveying See also Altitudes; Civil engineering; Engineering; Geodesy; Geography, Mathe- matical; Hydrography; Logarithms; Mine surveying; Photographic surveying; Rail- road engineering; Surveying instruments; Topographical drawing; Traverse tables; Trigonometry Surveying instruments See also Baronu'tcr ; Compass ; Micrometer ; Planimeter; Sextant; Transit (instrument) Refer from Miracles; Philosophy Superstition Rel igion ; Refer from Delusions (s) ; Demonology; Divination; Errors, Popular; Evil eye; Folk- lore; Ghosts; Idolatry; Mythology; Religion; Supernatural; Witchcraft Refer from Competition; Consumption (eco- nomics); Demand and supply (s) ; Economics; Exchange; Law of supply and demand (s) ; Prices; Tariff question; Value Refer from Abscess; Inflammation; Path- ology; Pus (s) ; Ulcers Refer from Curved surfaces (s) ; Geometry Geometry, Analytic jRf/fr/row Accidents ; Amputation ; Anatomy; Bandages and bandaging; Dislocations; Frac- tures; Medicine; Medicine — Practice; Opera- tions, Surgical (s) ; Wounds Refer from Battlefield relief; Medicine, Mili- tary; Military hygiene; Military surgery (s) ; Surgery Refer from Naval surgery (s) ; Surgery; Surgery, Alllitary Refer from Instruments; Surgery Refer from Civil engineering; Engineering; Geodetic surveying (s) ; Geodesy; Geography; Geography, Mathematical; Land; Land sur- veying (s) ; Leveling (s) ; Logarithms; Mathe- matics; Mensuration; Railroad engineering; Railroads; Topographical surveying (s) ; To- pography (s) ; Traverse tables; Triangula- tion (s) ; Trigonometry Refer from Instruments; Mathematical in- struments; Sextant; Surveying; Transit (in- strument) 554 Surveys see Geological surveys; Soil surveys; also names of countries and states, subhead Surveys Survival of the fittest see Natural selection Survivorship Refer from Inheritance; Law; Medical jurisprudence Suspended animation See also Burial, Premature; Drowning Refer from Animation, Suspended (s) ; Death, Apparent (sj ; Drowning; Medicine — Practice Suspended railways S^f a/jo Cableways ; Telpherage Refer from Cableways ; Electric railroads; Monorailways (s) ; Mountain railroads; Rail- roads; Railroads — Single rail; Railroads, Suspended (s) ; Street railroads Suspended sentence see Probation system Suspension bridges see Bridges Svastika see Swastika Swamps see Alarshes Swastika Refer from Charms; Cross; Fylfot (s) ; Svastika (s) ; Symbolism Swearing See also Oaths Refer from Ethics; Oaths; Profanity (s) Sweating system See also Child labor; Consumers' leagues; ^^/i^r/ro??! Child labor ; Clothing ; Consumers' Home labor ; Women — Employment leagues; Home labor; Hours of labor; Labor and laboring classes; Manufactures; Poor; Wages ; Women — Employment Swedenborgianism see New Jerusalem church Swedes in the U. S. See also Scandinavians in the \] . S. Refer from Scandinavians in the U. S. ; U. S. — Foreign population Swedish language See also Scandina\ian languages Refer from Germanic languages; Scandina- vian languages Swedish literature See also Authors, Swedish; Scandinavian Refer fro yn Authors, Swedish; Scandinavian literature literature Swedish movement cure See also G\'mnastics, Medical; Mechano- Refer from Gymnastics, Medical; Massage; therapy Mechanotherapy; Movement cure (s) ; Thera- peutics Sweeping See also Brooms and brushes; Chimney ^^/^r /row Carpets ; Cleaning ; Floors ; Home sweeping; Street cleaning; Vacuum cleaning economics; House cleaning s\"stems Swimming See also Aquatic sports; Baths and bath- Refer from Animal locomotion; Aquatic ing; Diving sports; Athletics; Baths and bathing; Diving; Drowning; Sports; Water Swindlers and swindling See also Antiques, Forged; Art forgeries; Refer from Crime and criminals; Delu- Fraud ; Quacks and quackery sions (s) ; Fraud; Humbug (s) ; Imposture; Quacks and quackery Swine See also Feeding and feeding stuffs; Live Refer from Domestic animals; Hog (s) ; stock; L'ngulata; Veterinary medicine Hogs (s) ; Live stock; Pig (s) ; Pigs (s) ; Ungu- lata ; Veterinary medicine Switchboards Refer from Dynamos; Electric apparatus and appliances; Electric lighting; Electric switch- boards (s) ; Electricity — Distribution; Tele- phone Switches, Railroad, see Railroads — Switches Swords See also Arms and armor; Fencing Refer from Arms and armor; Broadsword (s) ; Fencing; Saber (s) ; Sabre (s) ; Weapons (s) 355 Syllogisms see Logic Symbolics see Creeds Symbolism Hee also Christian art and symbolism; Cross; Devices; Emblems; Scarabs; Swas- tika ; Symbolism in literature S\"mbc)lism (thcoloey) see Creeds Symbolism in literature Symmetry See also Esthetics ; Proportion (art) Sympathy See also Emotions; Friendship Symphonies See also Orchestral music Symptoms see Diagnosis Synods see Councils and synods Synonyms and antonyms See also Synon)-ms and antonyms, English ; also names of languages other than English — — English Synoptic Gospels see Bible — New Testament — Gospels Syntax see Grammar Syrups See also Molasses Table See also Breakfasts; Carving (meat, etc.); Catering; Cookery; Dinners and dining; Eating; Food; Luncheons; Menus; Waiters Table-moving see Spiritualism Table-talk See also Anecdotes Table tennis see Ping-pong Tableaux See also Amateur theatricals Tables, Interest, see Interest tables Tables, Mathematical, see Mathematics — Tables, etc. ; Logarithms Tabulating machines Tachygraphy see Shorthand Tactics See also Artillery drill and tactics; Ca\-alry drill and tactics; Drill (military); Infantry drill and tactics; Military art and science; Military maneuvers; Naval tactics; War games Taeping rebellion see Taiping rebellion Tailoring See also Dressmaking; Tailors Tailors Taiping rebellion See also China Taj Mahal History Refer from Art; Cross; Devices; Emblems: Religion Refer from French literature; Idealism in literature; Literature; Symbolism Refer from Esthetics; Proportion (art) Refer from Compassion (s) ; Emotions; Ethics; Friendship Refer from Instrumental music; Music; Music — Scores ; Orchestral music Refer from Antonyms (s) ; Language; Words Refer from Dictionaries, English; English language; English language — -Synonyms (s) ; English synonyms (s) ; Synonyms and anto- nyms Refer from Sirups (s) ; Sugar Refer from Catering; Cookery; Dinners and dining; Eating; Food; Home economics; Meals (s) ; Menus Refer from Anecdotes; Aphorisms (s) ; Apothegms (s) ; Biography; Conversation; Epigrams; Humor; Sayings (s) ; Talking (s) Refer from Amateur theatricals; Amuse- ments; Drama; Entertainments Refer from Calculating machines; Census: Machinery; Statistics Refer from Artillery drill and tactics; Cavalry drill and tactics; Drill (military); Infantry drill and tactics; Military art and science; Military maneuvers; Military tactics (s) Refer from Clothing; Cutting (s) ; Dress- making; Fashion; Garment cutting; Needle- work Refer from Biography; Tailoring Refer from China- — -History; Taeping re- bellion (s) Refer from Architecture, Oriental; Tombs 356 Takigraphy see Shorthand Talent See also Ability; Genius Talismans see Amulets; Charms Talking see Conversation; Table-talk Talking machines see Phonograph Tall buildings see High buildings Talmud Tambourine drill see Drills and marches Tamil language and literature See also Dravidian languages; Oriental literature Tammany Hall See also New York (city) — Government and politics Tamul language and literature see Tamil language and literature Tanning See also Hides and skins; Leather Taoism See also China — Religion ; Philosophy, Chinese Taouism see Taoism Tapestry See also Bayeux tapestry; Drapery; Gobelin tapestry Target practice See also Gunnery; Rifle practice Tariff 5^1? also Balance of trade; Commerce: Commercial treaties; Corn laws; Draw- backs; Economics; Reciprocity; Smuggling; Tariff question; Taxation; Warehouses -U. S. See also U. S. Revenue Tariff question See also Balance of trade; Economics: Reciprocity; Supply and demand Free Trade Protection Tartans See also Clans Tartars See also China — History; Manchuria Mongols Taste (esthetics) see Esthetics Taste (sense) See also Senses and sensation Refer from Ability; Genius; Intellect Refer from Bible — Old Testament; Hebrew literature; Jewish literature; Jews — ^ Re- ligion; Sacred books Refer from Dravidian languages; Oriental languages; Oriental literature; Tamul lan- guage and literature (s) Refer from Democratic part}'; Xew York (city) — • Government and politics Refer from Hides and skins; Industrial arts; Leather Refer from China — Religion ; Confucianism ; Philosophy; Philosophy, Chinese; Religions; Taouism (s) Refer from Arts and crafts; Decoration and ornament; Drapery; House decoration; Mural painting and decoration; Needlework; Textile design; Textile industry and fabrics; Wall paper Refer from Artillery drill and tactics; Fire- arms; Gunnery; Infantry drill and tactics; Military art and science ; Naval art and science ; Rifle practice; Shooting Refer from Balance of trade; Commerce; Commercial treaties; Customs (s) ; Duties (s) ; Economics ; Exportation (s) ; Exports (s) ; Finance; Imports (s) ; Revenue (s) ; Taxation; Trade (s) Refer from Taxation — U. S. ; U. S. — Com- merce; U. S. — Economic conditions; U. S. — - Finance; U. S. — Politics; U. S. — Revenue; U. S. — Tariff (s) Refer from Balance of trade; Campaign literature; Commerce; Economics; Free trade (s) ; Protection (s) ; Reciprocitv; Tariff; U. S. — Politics Refer from Clans; Costume — Scotland; Highlands of Scotland; Plaids (s) ; Scotch plaids (s) Refer from China — History; Manchuria; Mongols; Tatars (s) Refer from Senses and sensation 357 Tatars see Tartars Tattooing Ta\'erns see Hotels; Inns Taxation ^ee also Absenteeism; Appraising; Cor- porations — Taxation; Danegeld ; Econom- ics; Finance; Income tax; Inheritance and transfer tax; Internal revenue laws; Munici- pal finance; Poll tax; Railroads — Taxa- tion; Scutage; Single tax; Stamp duties; Tariff; Taxation, Progressive; Tithes; To- bacco — Taxation ; Unearned increment Exemption from See also Church property -Progressive See also Income tax; Inheritance and transfer tax -u. s. See also Boston tea party, 1773 ; Tariff - U. S.; U. S. — Revenue Taxidermy Tea See also Beverages; Boston tea party, 1773 Teachers See also Education; Educational associa- tions; Educators; Normal schools; School superintendents and principals; Teachers' institutes ; Teaching Certificates, see Teachers — Examinations and certificates Examinations and certificates -Pensions, see Teachers — Salaries, pen- sions, etc. -Salaries, pensions, etc. Training See also Normal schools; Teachers' institutes Teachers' certificates see Teachers — Examina- tions and certificates Teachers' examinations see Teachers — Ex- aminations and certificates Teachers' institutes See also Teachers — Training Teachers' pensions see Teachers — Salaries, pensions, etc. Teachers' salaries see Teachers — Salaries, pensions, etc. Teaching See also Busy work; Child study; Corporal punishment; Curriculum; Education; Ex- Refer from Ethnology; Manners and customs Refer from Appraising; Assessment (s) ; Direct taxation (s) ; Economics; Finance; Government; Income tax; Inheritance and transfer tax; Internal revenue (s) ; Land; Land tenure; Personal property; Property; Real estate; Revenue (s) ; Tariff Refer from Church and state; Church finance; Church property; Colleges and universities; Exemption from taxation (s) ; Libraries; Private schools Refer from Graduated taxation (s) ; Income tax; Inheritance and transfer tax; Progressive taxation (s) ; Proportional taxation (s) ; Taxa- tion Refer from U. S. — Economic conditions; U. S. — F'inance; U. S. — Revenue; U. S. — Taxation (s) Refer from Animals; Birds; Natural history; Zoology Refer from Agricultural products; Agricul- ture — -Tropics; Beverages; Stimulants Refer from Biography; Education; Educa- tors; Public schools; Schoolmasters (s) ; Teaching Refer from Certificates, Teachers' (s) ; Examinations; Teachers — Certificates (s) ; Teachers' certificates (s) ; Teachers' examina- tions (s) Refer from Civil service pensions; Pensions; Salaries; Teachers — Pensions (s) ; Teachers' pensions (s) ; Teachers' salaries (s) Refer from Normal schools; Teachers' institutes; Teaching Refer from Institutes, Teachers' (s) ; Sum- mer schools; Teachers; Teacliers — Training; Teaching Refer from Didactics (s) ; Education; In- struction (s) ; Pedagogy (s) ; Professions; 358 Teaching — Continued aminations ; Kindergarten; Memory; Nature study; Object teaching; Psychology, Edu- cational; Quincy system; School grading and promotions; School management; Semi- nary method; Story-telling; Study; Teach- ers; Teachers — Training; Teachers' in- stitutes; also subhead Study and teaching under \'arious subjects Departmental system Technical chemistry see Chemistry, Technical Technical dictionaries Technical education See also Apprentices ; Correspondence schools and courses; Foremen's schools; Forestry schools and education; Industrial education; Manual training; Mechanics' institutes; Mining schools and education; Professional education; Trade schools; Vo- cational education; also subhead Study and teaching under various subjects, e.g. Engi- neering — Study and teaching Technology See also Chemistry, Technical ; Engineer- ing; Industrial arts, and references under that subject; Manufactures; Metallurgy; Photography; Technical dictionaries; Tech- nical education Teeth See also Dentistry Teetotalism see Temperance Telautogfaph Telegraph See also Cables, Submarine; Electric wire and wiring ; Poles ; Postal telegraph ; Telauto- graph ; Telegraph codes; Telephotography; Train despatching; Wireless telegraphy Postal, see Postal telegraph Submarine, see Cables, Submarine Wireless, see Wireless telegraphy Telegraph codes Telegraph poles see Poles Telegraphic codes see Telegraph codes Telegraphy see Telegraph Teleology See also Creation; Evolution; God; Metaphysics; Natural religion Telepathy see Mind reading; Thought trans- ference Telephone See also Electric wire and wiring; Micro- phone ; Poles ; Switchboards ; Telcphonograph Wireless Telephone poles see Poles Telephonograph Telephony see Telephone Public schools; School management; School teaching (s) ; Teachers; Training Refer from Departmental system of teach- ing (s) Refer from Technology Dictionaries; Industrial arts; Refer from Education; Education, High- er (s) ; Education, Technical (s) ; Higher edu- cation (s) ; Industrial arts; Industrial educa- tion ; Manual training ; Polytechnic schools (s) ; Professional education; Science — Study and teaching; Technology; Vocational education Refer from Applied science (s) ; Industrial arts; Manufactures; Science Refer from Anatomy; Beauty, Personal; Dentistry; Digestive system; Mouth; Odon- tology (s) Refer from Electric engineering; Telegraph Refer from Ciphers; Communication; Elec- tric engineering; Electric telegraph (s) ; Elec- tricity; Public service corporations; Signals; Telegraphy (s) Refer from Cable codes (s) ; Cipher codes (s) ; Ciphers; Codes, Telegraphic (s) ; Commerce; Communication; Telegraph; Telegraphic codes (s) Refer from Causation; Creation; Design, Argument for (s) ; Evolution; Final cause (s) ; God; Metaphysics; Philosophy; Theolo'gy; Universe Refer from Communication; Electric engi- neering ; Electricity ; Public service corporations; Sound ; Telephony (s) Refer from Wireless telephony (s) Refer from Phonograph; Telephone 359 Telephotography Telescope See also Astronomical instruments Telpherage See also Cableways ; Conveying machinery Temperament See also Character; Melancholy; Nervous system Temperance See also Alcohol; Alcohol — Physiological effects; Alcoholism; Beverages; Canteens (army); Drinking customs; Liquor laws; Liquor problem; Liquor traffic; Liquors, and names of liquors; Local option; Narcot- ic habit; Opium; Prohibition; Smoking; Stimulants; Tobacco Temperature See also Animal heat; Boiling points; Climate; Cold; Earth — Temperature; Heat; Melting points; Meteorology; Plants, Effect of temperature on Templars See also Chivalry. For the modern order 'ee Freemasons — Templars Temples See also Architecture, architecture; Mosques Oriental ; Church Temporal power of the pope see Popes — Tem- poral power Temptation See also Evil ; Fall of man ; Jesus Christ — Temptation ; Sin Ten commandments see Commandments Ten-hour day see Hours of labor Ten pins see Bowling Ten tribes of Israel see Jews — Lost tribes Tenants see Landlord and tenant Tenement houses See also Apartment houses; Arcliitecture, Domestic ; Housing problem ; Lodging houses; Poor ; Slums Tennis See also Ping-pong; Rackets (game) Tenpins see Bowling Tents See also Camping Tenure of land see Land tenure Tenure of office see Civil service Teratology see Deformities; Monsters Terminology see Names; also under subject, e.g. Botany — -Nomenclature; Medicine — Nomenclature; Zoology — Nomenclature Terra cotta See also Pottery ; Tiles Tcrrariums see Vivariums Refer from Photography; Telegraph ^r,''fr /row Astronomical instruments; Opti- cal instruments; Reflecting telescope (s) Refer from Cableways; Conveying machin- ery; Electricity; Suspended railways; Trans- portation Refer from Character; Nervous system; Pathology; Psychology Refer from Abstinence (s) ; Alcohol; Alcohol- ism; Beverages; Conduct of life; Drinking customs; Drunkenness (s) ; Ethics; Food; Hygiene; Inebriates (s) ; Intemperance (s) ; Intoxication (s) ; Liquor problem; Liquor traffic; Liquors; Prohibition; Saloons (s) ; Sociology; Stimulants; Teetotalism (s) ; Total abstinence (s) ; Wine Refer from Climate; Cold; Heat; Meteor- ology Refer from Chivalry; Freemasons — Tem- plars; Knights and knighthood; Knights tem- plars (military order) (s) ; Order of the temple (s); Religious orders ; Secret societies Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; Archi- tecture, Ancient; Architecture, Greek; Archi- tecture, Oriental; Church architecture; Re- ligious architecture (s) Refer from Ethics; Evil; Sin; Theology Refer from Apartment houses; Architec- ture, Domestic; Building laws; Housing prob- lem; Hygiene, Public; Landlord and tenant; Municipal improvement; Poor; Slums Refer from Games; Lawn tennis (s) Refer from Camping; Military art and science Refer from Building materials; Decoration and ornament; Pottery 360 Terrestrial magnetism j-^-^ Magnetism, Terrestri- Territories (U. S.) see U. S. — Territories Terror, Reign of, see French revolution Tertiary period see Geology, Stratigraphic — Tertiary; Paleontology — Tertiary Testimony see Evidence Testing see Strength of materials; also subject tested, e.g. Boilers — Testing; Electric test- ing Tetanus See also Antitoxins Teutonic knights See also Prussia — History Teutonic languages see Germanic languages Teutonic mythology see Mythology, Germanic Teutonic order see Teutonic knights Teutonic race See also Anglo-Saxons; Aryans; Franks; Goths ; Vandals Teutons see Teutonic race Text-books see Textbooks Textbooks See also Primers; Readers; Spellers Textile design See also Tapestry Textile fabrics see Textile industry and fabrics Textile factories See also Looms; Textile industry and fabrics Textile fibers see Fibers Textile industry and fabrics See also Blankets; Bleaching; Calico printing; Carpets; Chemistry, Technical; Clothing; Cotton; Cotton — Cultivation and manufacture; Dry goods; Dyes and dyeing; Embroidery; Fibers; Flax; Hosiery; Khaki ; Linen ; Mercerization ; Rugs ; Shawls ; Silk; Spinning; Tapestry; Textile design; Textile factories; Underwear; Waterproof- ing; Weaving; Wool; Woolen manufacture; Worsted ; Yarn Thalassography see Hydrography; Marine bioloiry ; Ocean Thanksgiving day Theater See also Acting; Actors; Amateur theatri- cals; Ballet; Drama ; Make-up, Theatrical ; Masques (plays); Minstrel shows; Miracle, morality and mystery plaj-s; Mo\-ing pic- tures; Opera; Pantomime; Passion plays; Puppet plays; Scene painting; Shakespeare, William — -Stage presentation; Theaters; Vaudeville Refer from Lockjaw (s) tice; Trismus (s) Medicine — Prac- Refer from Chivalry; Knights and knight- hood ; Knights of the cross (sj ; Middle ages — History; Order of Teutonic knights (s) ; Poland — -History; Prussia — History; Re- ligious orders; Teutonic order (s) Refer from Anglo-Saxons; Aryans; Civiliza- tion; Germanic race (s) ; Teutons (s) Refer from Books; Education; books (s) ; Text-books (s) School Refer from Calico printing; Decoration and ornament; Design, Decorative; Textile in- dustry and fabrics Refer from Cotton — Cultivation and manu- facture; Cotton mills (s) ; Factories; Mills and millwork; Textile industry and fabrics; Woolen manufacture; Woolen mills (s) Refer from Chemistry, Technical; Cloth (s) ; Clothing; Cotton; Cotton — Cultivation and manufacture; Dry goods; Fibers; Industrial arts; Linen; Manufactures; Silk; Spinning; Textile fabrics (s) ; Textile factories; Weav'ing; Wool; Woolen manufacture; Worsted; Yarn Refer from Fasts and feasts; Holidays; New England — Social life and customs; Pilgrim fathers; Puritans; U. S. — ^ Social life and customs Refer from Acting; Actors; Amusements; Drama; Entertainments; Ethics; Histri- onics (s) ; Stage (s) ; Theatre (s) ; Vaudeville 361 Theater — Continued — u. s. See also American drama; Dramatists, Refer from American drama; U. S. — Tlie- American ater (s) Theater buildings see Theaters Theater fires see Fires; Theaters Theaters [buildings] See also Music hails; also names of cities, Refer from Architecture; Opera houses (s) ; subhead Theaters Theater; Theater buildings (s) ; Theater Theatre see Theater fires {s) Theatrical make-up see Make-up, Theatrical Theatricals, Amateur, see Amateur theatricals Theft see Larceny; also Embezzlement Theism See also Atheism; Christianity; Deism; Refer from Atheism; Christianity; Deism; God; Natural religion; Theology God; Philosopln^ ; Religion; Theology Theme-writing see Rhetoric Theocracy Refer from God; Go\'ernment Theodicy see God Theological education see Theological schools; Theology — Study and teaching Theological schools See also Theolog}- — Study and teaching Refer from Divinity schools (s) ; Education; Theological education (s) ; Theology; Theology — Study and teaching Theology [including the Christian doctrines. For history of religion see Religions. For Christian evidences see Christianity — Evidences] See also Absolute, The; Agnosticism; Refer from Bible; Bible — Theology (s) ; Angels; Annihilation; Antichrist; Antino- Biblical theology (s) ; Christian doctrine (s) ; mianism; Apostles; Apostolic canons; Apos- Christianity; Church history; Creation; 1 i- tolic constitutions; Apostolic succession; vinity (s) ; Doctrinal theology (s) ; Doctrines (s) : Arminianism; Atonement; Authority (in Dogmatic theology (s) ; Faith; God; Natura- religion) ; Baptism ; Belief ; Bible ; Calvinism ; religion; Philosophy; Religion; Re\-elation; Catechrsms; Celibacy ; Christianity ; Church ; Science; Sociology; Supernatural; Theism Church history; Church polity; Clergy; Confession; Confirmation; Conscience; Con- version; Creation; Creeds; Cross; Death; Deism; Depravity; Devil; Eschatology; Ethics ; Evil ; Faith ; Fall of man ; Fanaticism ; Fathers of the church; Free religion; Free- dom of the will; Future life; Future punish- ment; God; Grace (theology); Heaven; Hell; Heresy; Holy Spirit; Incarnation; Infallibility; Inspiration; Jesus Christ; Judgment day; Justification; Kingdom of God; Liberalism; Liberty of conscience; Lord's supper; Manicheism; Mass; Material- ism; Millennium; Miracles; Alodernism; Monotheism; Mysticism; Natural religion; Orthodoxy; Pantheism; Pelagianism; Pen- ance; Philosophy; Plurality of worlds; Prayer; Predestination; Private judgment ; Prophecies; Protestantism; Providence; Purgatory; Quietism; Rationalism; Re- generation (theology); Religion; Religion and science; Repentance; Resurrection; Revelation ; Revivals ; Sacraments ; Sacrifice; Salvation; Sanctification ; Second advent; Sects; Sermons; Sin; Skepticism; Socin- ianism; Soul; Spiritualism; Sunday; Te- leology; Temptation; Theism; Theological schools; Transcendentalism; Transubstanti- ation ; Trinity; Worship; also names of sects, and headings beginning Christian 362 Theology — Continued Natural, see Natural religion ■ Pastoral, see Clergy; Pastoral work Practical, see Christian life and character Study and teaching ^ee also Religious education; The- Refer from Church and education; Profes- ological schools sional education; Religious education; The- ological education (s) ; Theological schools Theory of errors see Errors, Theory of Theory of groups see Groups, Theory of Theor\' of potential see Potential, Theory of Theosophy SV^ a/j-o Cabala ; Neoplatonism ; Vedanta ; Refer from Buddhism; Buddhism, Eso- Yoga teric (s) ; Esoteric Buddhism (s) ; Occult sciences; Philosophy; Religion; Religions; V'edanta Therapeutic gymnastics see Gymnastics, Medi- cal Therapeutics See also Anesthetics; Antiseptics; Anti- Refer from Healing (s) ; H/giene; Materia toxins; Baths and bathing; Bloodletting; medica ; Medicine ; Medicine — Practice; Path- Christian science; Climate; Cupping; Diet; ology ; Remedies (in medicine) (s) Drugs, and names of drugs; Electrothera- peutics; Emmanuel mo\-ement; Exercise; Faith cure; First aid in illness and injury; Gold cure; Gymnastics, Medical; Home- opathy; Hydrotherapy; Inoculation; Mas- sage; Materia medica; Mechanotherapy; Medicine; Medicine — -Practice; Mental healing; Mineral waters; Narcotics; Nurses and nursing; Organotherapy; Osteopath)-; Pathology; Pharmacy; Phototherapy; Poi- sons; Purgatives; Radiotherapy; Rest; Serum therapy; Stimulants; Suggestive therapeutics; Swedish movement cure; X rays • Thermal springs see Geysers and hot springs Thermochemistry see Chemistry, Phj'sical Thermodynamics Scf- a/jo Heat ; Heat engines ; Steam ; Steam Refer from Chemistry, Physical; Dynamics; engines Heat; Heat engines; Physics; Steam Thermometer See also Calorimeters and calorimetry; ^c/^'r/rom Heat ; Meteorological instruments ; Meteorological instruments; Pyrometers and Physics pyrometry Thieves See also Brigands and robbers; Burglary; ^^/^r /row Biography ; Brigands and robbers ; Embezzlement; Larceny Crime and criminals; Larceny Thieving see Larceny Thinking see Thought and thinking Thirt\--nine articles see Church of England — Articles of religion Thirty years' war, 1618-1648 See also Europe — History — 1492-1789; Refer from Counter-reformation; Europe — Germany — History — 1517-1740; Sweden History — 1492-1789; Germany — -History — — History 1517-1740; Reformation; Sweden — History Thorough bass see Harmony Thoroughfares see Roads; Streets Thought and thinking .SVf' also Attention; Intellect; Logic; Refer from Intellect; Philost)]ih\- ; Psy- Mental discipline ; Philosophy; Psychology; chology; Psychology, Educational; Reason; Reason Thinking (s) Thought transference Srr also Clairvoyance; Mind reading; Refer front Clairvoyance; Mind reading; Presentiments ; Psychical research Psychical research; Psychology; Suggestion; Telepathy (s) 363 Thremmatology see Breeding; Plant breeding Threshing Thrift See also Benefit societies; Cost of living; Extravagance; Insurance; Insurance, In- dustrial; Investments; Misers; Old age pensions; Prudence; Savings banks; Stand- ard of living Throat See also Bronchitis; Voice Throwing sticks Thugs Thunderstorms See also Lightning; Storms Tides See also Astronomy; Moon; Ocean Ties, Railroad, see Railroads — Ties Tigers See also Carnivora Tiles See also Bricks; Clay industries; Pottery Tillage See also Agricultural physics; Agriculture; Dry farming; Plows; Soils Timber .SV^ also Building materials; Dry rot; Forests and forestry ; Lumber and lumbering ; Strength of materials; Trees; Wood Presenvation, see Wood — Preservation Time See also Almanacs; Astronomy; Astrono- my, Spherical and practical; Calendar; Chronograph; Chronology; Daylight saving; Days; Eternity; Timekeepers Time, Reaction, see Reaction time Timekeepers See also Clocks and watches; Pendulums; Sundials Tin See also Bronze; Metals; Pewter; Tin- smithing Tinsmithing See also Sheet-metal work Tint\'pe see Ferrotype Tipping Tires See also Automobiles; Wheels Tissues see Histology Tithes See also Church finance; Cliurch rates Title-pages See also Colophons; Titles of books Refer from Agriculture; Grain Refer from Conduct of life; Cost of living; Economics; Economy (s) ; Extravagance; Investments; Poor; Prudence; Saving (s) ; Savings banks; Standard of li\ing; Success Refer from i\mi\.ovay ; Bronchitis; Respiratory- organs ; Sore throat (s) ; Voice Refer from Arms and armor; Atlatl (s) ; Spear throwers (s) Refer from Brigands and robbers; Crime and criminals; Crime and criminals — India; Murder; Phansigars (s) Refer from Lightning; Meteorology; Storms Refer from Astronomy; Hydrography; Moon ; Ocean; Physical geography Refer from Carnivora; Hunting Refer from Bricks; Building materials; Clay industries; Pottery; Terra cotta Refer from Agricultural physics; Agriculture; Cultivating (s) ; Dry farming; Harrowing (s) ; Plowing (s) ; Soils; Subsoiling (s) Refer from Building materials; Forest prod- ucts; Forests and forestry; Lumber and lumbering; Trees; Wood Refer from Astronomy; Astronomy, Spheri- cal and practical; Calendar; Chronology; Metaphysics; Philosophy; Standard time (s) Refer from Clocks and watches ; Horology (s) ; Machinery; Manufactures; Time Refer from Metals; Mines and mineral resources; Sheet-metal work Refer from Industrial arts; Sheet-metal work; Tin Refer from Manners and customs; Servants; Travel ; Waiters Refer from Automobiles; Bicycles and tri- cycles; Pneumatic tires (s) ; Rubber tires (s); Wheels Refer from Church finance; Church law; Church of I'lngland — Finance; Church polity; Cluircii rates; Taxation Refer from Books; Colophons; Printing; Titles of books 364 Titles (land) see Land titles Titles of books See also Copyright; Title-pages Titles of honor and nobility See also Decorations of honor; Degrees, Academic; Heraldry; Peerage Titration see Chemistry — Analysis Toads See also Amphibia ; Frogs Toadstools see Alushrooms Toasts See also After-dinner speeches Tobacco See also Cigarettes; Cigars; Pipes, Tobac- co; Smoking; Sniifi" Cultivation Diseases and pests Manufacture and trade See also Tobacco — Taxation Pests, see Tobacco — Diseases and pests Physiological effects See also Smoking Taxation Trade, see Tobacco — Manufacture and trade Tobacco pipes see Pipes, Tobacco Tobogganing See also Coasting; Winter sports Toes see Foot Toilet See also Baths and bathing; Beauty, Per- sonal; Cosmetics; Costume; Hairdressing ; Manicuring; Perfumery Toleration see Liberty of conscience; Religious liberty Toltecs ' See also Aztecs; Indians of Mexico; Alexico — Antiquities Tombs See also Brasses; Burial; Catacombs; Cemeteries; Cromlechs; Crypts; Epitaphs; Holy sepulcher; Monuments; Mounds and mound builders; Sarcophagi; Taj Mahal; Tombstones; Vaults Tombstones See also Epitaphs; Monuments Tonic sol-fa Tool steel Tools See also Bone implements; Carpentry; Farm implements and machinery; Files and rasps; Implements, utensils, etc.; Indians — Implements and weapons; Ma- chine tools; Machinery; Saws; Square (in- strument); Stone implements; Tool steel Topiary work Refer from Bibliography; Book titles (s) ; Books; Cataloging; Copyright; Title-pages Refer from Decorations of honor; Heraldry; Honorary titles (s) ; Peerage Refer from Amphibia; Frogs Refer from After-dinner speeches; Dinners and dining; Drinking customs; Epigrams; Healths, Drinking of (s) ; Manners and customs Refer from Agricultural products; Agricul- ture — Tropics; Cigars; Narcotics; Pipes, Tobacco; Smoking; Temperance Refer from Agricultural pests; Plants — Diseases ; Tobacco — ■ Pests (s) Refer frot 'I'rade (s) Manufactures; Tobacco — Rejer from Hygiene; Smoking Refer from Taxation; Tobacco — Manu- facture and trade Rejer from Coasting; Sports; Winter sports Refer from Beauty, Personal; Clothing; Cosmetics; Costume; Hairdressing Refer from Aztecs ; Indians of Mexico ; Mexico — Antiquities Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; Buri- al ; Cemeteries ; Christian antiquities; Crypts; Graves (s) ; Mausoleums (s) ; Alonuments; Rock tombs (s) ; Sepulchers (s) ; Vaults Refer from Epitaphs; Gra\'estones (s) ; Headstones (s) ; Monuments; Tombs Refer from Music — Notation ; Sight reading; Singing and voice culture; Sol-fa system (s) Refer from Alachine tools; Steel; Tools Refer from Carpentry; Hardware; Imple- ments, utensils, etc.; Industrial arts; Instru- ments ; Machinery Refer from Landscape gardening; Shrubs; Trees 365 Topographical drawing Si'<' also Map drawing Topographical surveying sre Surveying Topography see Geography; Sur\e\ing; Topo- graphical drawing Tops Tories, American, see Loyalists, American Tories, English See also England — History; England — Politics Tornadoes See also Cyclones; Storms Torpedo boats See also Submarine boats ; Torpedoes Torpedoes See also Mines, Submarine; Torpedo boats Torrens system See also Conveyancing Torts See also Damages; Libel and slander; Trespass Torture See also Inquisition; Punishment Total abstinence see Temperance Total deprax'ity see Depravity; Sin Totems and totemism See also Animal worship Touch See also Senses and sensation Tournaments See also Chi\'alry Towers See also Architecture; Round towers; Spires Town meeting See also Local go\-ernment; Towns Town officers See also Constables ; Police Towns See also Boroughs; Cities; Local govern- ment; Municipal corporations; Municipal government; Town meeting; Town officers; Villages Townships see Towns Toxicology see Poisons Toxins See also Antitoxins; Poisons; Ptomaines Toys See also Dolls ; Electric toys ; Tops Track, Railroad, see Railroads — Track Refer from Drawing; Geography, Mathe- matical; Map drawing; Surveying; Topog- raph ys Refer from Toys Refer from England — History; England — Politics; Political parties Refer from Cyclones; Meteorology; Storms; Winds Refer from Boats and boating; Naval art and science; Shipbuilding; Ships; Submarine boats; Submarine warfare; Torpedoes; War- ships Refer from Explosives; Military art and science; Mines, Submarine; Naval art and science; Submarine warfare; Torpedo boats Refer from Conveyancing; Deeds; Land titles ; Real estate Refer from Injuries (s) ; Law; Libel and slander; Wrongs (s) Refer from Inquisition; Punishment Refer from Animal worship; Ethnology; Indians — Religion; Mythology; Nature wor- ship; Religion; Rites and ceremonies; Super- stition; Tribes and tribal SA'stem; Worship Refer from Feeling (s) ; Senses and sensation Refer from Chivalry; Festivals; Fighting (s) ; Sports Refer from Architecture; Church architec- ture; Spires Refer from Democracy; Government; Local government; Towns Refer from Local government; Towns Refer from Boroughs; Cities; Government; Local government; Municipal corporations; Town meeting; Townships (s) ; Villages Refer from Pathology; Poison (s); Poisons; Ptomaines Refer from Amusements; Games 366 Track athletics See also Athletics; College athletics; Running; Walking Tracking Tract societies See also Bible — Publication and distri- bution ; Tracts Tractarianism see Oxford movement Traction engines Tracts See also Tract societies Trade see Business; Commerce; Tariff Trade, Balance of, see Balance of trade Trade, Boards of, see Boards of trade Trade agreements See also Arbitration and conciliation, Industrial Trade-marks See also Patents ; Printers' marks Trade schools See also Industrial education Trade unions see Labor unions Trade winds see Winds Trades see Industrial arts; Occupations Trades combination see Combination, Indus- trial; Labor unions Trades schools see Trade schools Trades waste see Refuse and refuse disposal ; Waste products Trading Companies See also Commerce — History; Hudson Bay company Traditions see Folklore; Legends Tragedy See also Drama Trailing see Tracking Trails see Indian trails ; also names of trails, e.g. Oregon trail. Salt Lake trail, Santa Fe trail Train despatching Trained nurses see Nurses and nursing Training See also Animals — Training; Athletics; Education; Gymnastics; Horse training; Physical education; Teaching Tramps See also Begging; Unemployed; Way- faring life 'i'rannvays see Street railroads Transcendentalism SV^ also Brook Farm Transcontinental journeys (U. S.) see Over- land journeys to the Pacific Transfer tax see Inheritance and transfer tax Transfiguration of Jesus Christ see Jesus Christ — Transfiguration Transformers see Electric transformers Refer from Athletics; College athletics; Field sports (s) ; Running; Sports Refer from Game; Hunting; Scent (s) ; Scouts and scouting; Trailing (s) Refer from Missions; Societies; Tracts Refer from Engines; Farm motors; Locomo- tives; Road engines (s) ; Steam engines Refer from Colportage (s) ; Literature ; Tract societies Refer from Arbitration and conciliation, Industrial; Collective bargaining (s) ; Con- tracts ; Employers' associations ; Labor unions Refer from Commerce; Law; Manufactures; Partnership; Patents Refer from Education; Industrial education; Manual training ; Schools ; Technical education ; Trades schools (s) ; Vocational education Refer from Commerce; Commerce — History Refe r from Drama Refer from Railroads; Railroads — Man- agement; Telegraph Refer from Athletics; Exercise; Hygiene; Physical education; Sports Refer from Begging; Crime and criminals; Poor; Unemployed; Vagabonds (s) ; Va- grancy (s) ; Wayfaring life Refer from Idealism; Philosophy; Philos- ophy, American; Philosoph\ , German; Philos- ophy, Modern; Rationalism; Theology 367 Transit see Rapid transit; Transportation Transit (instrument) See also yXstronomical instruments; Sur- veying instruments Transits See also Astronomy; Planets; also names of planets Translation Transliteration Transmigration See also Preexistence ; Soul Transmission (biology) see Heredity Transmission of power see Electric power trans- mission ; Power transmission Transmutation of metals see Alchemy Transmutation of species see Species ; Variation (biology) Transportation See also Aeronautics; Animals — Trans- portation; Automobiles; Canals; Carriages; Carriers; Commerce; Communication; De- murrage; Electric railroads; Express com- panies; Ferries; Freight; Harbors; Inland navigation; Marketing of farm produce; Omnibuses; Pack transportation; Packing for shipment; Pneumatic tubes; Postal service; Railroads; Rapid transit; Roads; Shipping; Steam navigation; Steamboats; Street railroads; Subsidies; Telpherage; Vehicles; Waterways Transportation of animals see Animals — Transportation Transportation of criminals see Penal colonies Transubstantiation See also Lord's supper; Mass Trapping See also Fur trade; Hunting; Poaching Trappists See also Cistercians Traps (plumbing) see Plumbing Travel [for books on the art of travel] See also Baggage; Ocean travel; Pass- ports; Pilgrimages; Tipping; Voyages and travels Travelers See also Commercial travelers ; Explorers ; Voyages and travels Traveling libraries see Libraries, Traveling Traveling salesmen see Commercial travelers Travels see Voyages and travels; also names of countries, subhead Description and travel Travels around the world see Voyages and travels around the world Traverse tables See also Navigation; Surveying Treacle see Molasses Treason See also Allegiance Treasure-trove Refer from Astronomical instruments; Sur- veying instruments Refer from Astronomy; Eclipses; Planets Refer from Language; Literature; Rhetoric Refer from Alphabet; Language; Spelling Refer from Animism; Future life; Metempsy- chosis (s) ; Preexistence; Reincarnation (s) ; Soul Refer from Carriers; Commerce; Commer- cial geography; Communication; Economics; Freight; Interstate commerce; Locomotion; Railroads; Shipping; Transit (s) ; Vehicles Refer from Catholic church; Jesus Christ; Lord's supper; Mass; Real presence (s) ; The- ology Refer from Fur trade; Game; Hunting; Sports Refer from Cistercians; Monasticism Refer from Locomotion; Ocean travel; Voyages and travels Refer from Biography; Explorers; Voya- gers (s) ; Voyages and travels Refer from Latitude and longitude; Mathe- matics — Tables, etc. ; Navigation ; Surveying Refer from Crime and criminals; High treason (s) ; Law; Murder; Political offenses Refer from Adventure; Buried treasure (s) ; Pirates 368 Treaties See also Arbitration, International; Com- mercial treaties; Diplomacy; Holy alliance; International law; International relations; Triple alliance, 1883- ; also names of countries, subhead Treaties Treatment of animals see Animals — Treatment Tree planting Set'' also Arbor day; Forest planting Tree worship See also Animism Trees See also Arbor day; Bark; Botany; Ever- greens; Forest nurseries; Forest planting; Forests and forestry; Fruit; Grafting; Hedg- es; Landscape gardening; Leaves; Lumber and lumbering; Nuts; Pruning; Timber; Topiary work; Tree planting; Tree worship; also names of trees, e.g. Oaks Diseases and pests See also Fruit — Diseases and pests; Gips}' moth; Insects, Injurious and bene- ficial; Plants — Diseases; Spraying Fossil See also Petrified forests Historic See also Preservation of landmarks, scenery, etc. Trent affair, 1861 See also L'. S. — History — Civil war — Foreign relations Trepanning see Trephining Trephining Trespass See also Easements Trestles See also Bridges Trial by combat see Wager of battle Trial by jury see Jury Trials See also Actions at law; Courts martial; Evidence; Expert evidence; Impeachment; Jury; Ordeals; Pleading and practice; Wit- nesses Triangulation see Geodesy; Surveying Triassic period see Geology, Stratigraphic — Triassic ; Paleontology — Triassic Tribal system see Tribes and tribal system Tribes and tribal system See also Clans; Consanguinity; Family; Patriarchy; Society, Primitive; Totems and Totemism; Village communities Tricycles see Bicycles and tricycles Tricycling see Cycling Trigonometry See also Geodesy; Geometry; Logarithms; Mathematics; Mensuration; Navigation; Surveying Refer from Diplomacy; Government; His- tory; International law; International rela- tions; Ministers of state Refer from Arbor day; Arboriculture (s) ; Forest planting; Forests and forestry; Neigh- borhood improvement; Planting (s) ; Trees Refer from Animism; Fetisliism; Nature worship; Trees; Worship Refer from Agriculture; Arboriculture (s) ; Bark; Botany; Dendrology (s) ; Evergreens; Forests and forestry; Landscape gardening; Leaves ; Shrubs ; Silviculture (s) ; Timber ; Wood Refer from Agricultural pests; Fruit — Dis- eases and pests; Insects, Injurious and bene- ficial ; Plants — Diseases Refer from Fossil plants; Fossil trees (s) ; Fossil wood (s) ; Petrified forests; Wood, Fossil (s) Refer from Historic trees (s) ; History; Pres- ervation of landmarks, scenery, etc. Refer from Contraband of war; Neutrality; U. S. — History — Civil war — Foreign rela- tions Refer from Brain; Skull; Surgery; Tre- panning (s) Refer from Law; Property; Torts Refer from Bridges; Railroads; Railroads — Construction Refer from Actions at law; Courts; Crime and criminals; Criminal law; Jury; Law; Pleading and practice; State trials (s) Refer from Anthropology; Civilization; Clans; Communism; Family; Government; Patriarchy; Society, Primitive; Tribal sys- tem (s) ; Village communities Refer from Geometry; Logarithms; Mathe- matics; Spherical trigonometry (s) ; Surveying 369 Trilobites Sc-f also Crustacea Trinity Sft' also Arianism; Athanasian creed; God; Holy Spirit; Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ — -Divinity; Socinianism; Uiiitarian- ism Triple alliance, 1883- See also Europe — History — 1789- Trismus sre Tetanus Triumphal arches see Arches of triumph Troglodytes see Cave dwellers Trolley lines see Electric railroads Tropical agriculture see Agriculture — Tropics Tropical diseases see Tropics — Diseases and hygiene Tropical hygiene see Tropics — ■ Diseases and hygiene Tropical medicine see Tropics — Diseases and hygiene Tropical plants Tropics See also Acclimatization; Agriculture — Tropics; Tropical plants Diseases and hygiene See also Acclimatization; Cholera, Asiatic; Medical geography; Sleeping sick'hess; Yellow fever Trotting see Horse; Horse racing Troubadours See also Provencal literature; Trouveres Trouble see Affliction; Misfortune Trout See also Fish; Salmon Trouveres See also Fabliaux; Troubadours Truancy See also School attendance; Truant schools Truant schools See also Parental schools Truck farming see Market gardening Trumpet calls see Bugle calls Trusses ^SV^ also Bridges ; Building ; Girders ; Roofs ; Strains and stresses; Strength of materials Trust companies See also Banks and banking; Trustees Refer from Crustacea; Paleontology Refer from Arianism; God; Holy Spirit; Humanitarianism (theology) (s) ; Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ — Divinity; Socinianism; The- ology; Unitarianism Refer from Alliance, Triple (s) ; Austria — Foreign relations; Austria — -History; Europe — History — 1789-; Europe — Politics; Ger- many — Foreign relations; Germany — His- tory — 1866- ; International relations ; Italy — Foreign relations; Italy — History — 1815-; Treaties Refer from Botany; Plants; Tropics Refer from Acclimatization; Earth; Geog- raphy; Physical geography Refer from Hygiene; Hygiene, Tropical (s) ; Medical geography; Medicine — Practice; Medicine — Tropics (s) ; Tropical diseases (s) ; Tropical hygiene (s) ; Tropical medicine (s) Refer from Bards; Courts of love; French poetry; Minstrels; Poetry; Poets; Provenfal literature; Trouveres Refer from Brook trout (s) ; Fish; Fishing; Salmon Refer froyn Bards; French poetry; Minstrels; Poetry; Poets; Troubadours Refer from Boys; Compulsory education; Juvenile delinquency; Public schools; School attendance; School children Refer from Juvenile delinquency; Parental schools; Public schools; Schools; Truancy Refer front Architecture; Bridges; Building; Girders; Roofs; Strains and stresses; Strength of materials Refer from Banks and banking; Business; Clearing houses; Commerce; Commercial law; Corporations; Finance; Savings banks; Trus- tees 370 Trustees See also Administrators and executors ; Assignments; Guardians; Mortmain; Pro- bate law and practice; Trust companies Trusts See also Capital ; Combination, Industrial ; Competition; Corporation law; Corpora- tions; Monopolies; Restraint of trade Truth See also Axioms; Belief; Certainty; Hon- esty; Lying; Sincerity Tsetse flies See also Insects as carriers of contagion; Sleeping sickness Tuberculosis See also Lungs; Open-air schools; Res- piratory organs — Diseases; Tuberculosis in animals Tuberculosis in animals Tubes See also Pipe Tumbling see Acrobats Tumors See also Cancer Tumuli see IMounds and mound builders Tuning See also Tuning forks Tuning forks Tunkards see German Baptist brethren Tunkers see German Baptist brethren Tunneling see Tunnels Tunnels See also Blasting; Ci\il engineering; Mines, Military ; Mining engineering; Sub- wa\s Turbines See also Hydraulic motors; Steam tur- bines; Water wheels Turco-Russian war see Russo-Turkish war Turf, The, see Horse racing Turkeys See also Poultry Turkish baths see Baths and bathing Turkish language See also Ural-Altaic languages Turkish literature See also Arabic literature Turko- Russian war see Russo-Turkish war Turning See also Lathes ; Woodwork Turning (gymnastics) see Gymnastics Turnpikes see Roads Tuyeres see Blast furnaces; Cupola furnaces; Foundry work Refer from Commercial law; Guardians; Inheritance; Law; Powers (law); Probate law and practice; Trust companies Refer from Capital; Cartels (economics) (s) ; Combination, Industrial; Commerce; Com- mercial law; Competition; Corners, Commer- cial (s) ; Corporation law; Corporations; Economics; Finance; Government regulation of industry; Kartels (economics) (s) ; Monop- olies; Restraint of trade Refer from Belief; Certainty; Ethics; Faith; Knowledge; Lying; Philosophy; Sin- cerity Refer from Diptera; Flies; Insects as carriers of contagion; Sleeping sickness Refer from Consumption (s) ; Lungs; Aledi- cine — Practice; Phthisis (s) ; Respiratory organs — Diseases Refer from Animals — Diseases; Cattle — Diseases; Tuberculosis; Veterinary medicine Refer from Iron; Manufactures; Pipe; Steel Refer from Carcinoma (s) ; Medicine Practice; Pathology; Surgery Refer from Musical instruments; Piano Refer from Musical instruments; Tuning Refer from Civil engineering; Earthwork; Engineering; Excavation; Mining engineering; Railroads; Railroads — Construction; Sub- ways; Tunneling (s) Refer from Engines; Hydraulic engineering; Hydraulic machinery; Hydraulic motors; Motors; Water wheels; Wheels Refer from Poultry Refer from Ural-Altaic languages Refer from Cabinet work; Carpentry; In- dustrial arts; Lathe work (s) ; Lathes; Wood- work 371 Twentieth century See also English literature — History and criticism — 20th century Twins Type See also Printing; Typesetting Typesetting See also Printing; Typesetting machines Typesetting machines Typewriting Typhoid fever See also Typhus fever Typhus fever See also Typhoid fever Typographical societies Typography see Printing Tyranny See also Despotism Ulcers See also Suppuration Ultramontanism See also Catholic church; Popes; Vatican council Umbrellas Unbelief see Skepticism Unclaimed estates see Estates, Unclaimed Unction UndercJothing see Underwear Underground railroad (slavery) See also Fugitive slaves Underground roads see Subways Underground water see Water, Underground Underpinning see Shoring and underpinning Understanding see Intellect; Psychology Underwear See also Garment cutting; Hosiery Unearned increment Unemployed See also Employment agencies ; Farm colonies; Labor exchanges; Poor; Tramps; Vacant lot cultivation Ungulata See also Bison; Cattle; Deer; Goats; Horse; Mammals; Reindeer; Sheep; Swine Uniforms See also Costume; Livery Union, Christian, see Christian union Union shop see Open and closed shop Unions, Labor, see Labor unions Unitarianism See also Arianism; Free religion; Jesus Christ — Divinity; Liberalism; Socinian- ism; Trinity Refer fro >n History, Alodern ; Progress Refer frotn Children Refer from Printing Refer from Composition (printing) (s) ; Printing; Type Refer from Composing machines (s) ; Lino- type (s) ; Machinery; Monotype (s) ; Printing; Typesetting Refer from Business education; Writing Refer from Contagion and contagious dis- eases; Enteric fever (s) ; Fever; Medicine — Practice; Typhus fever Refer from Fever; Aledicine — Practice; Ship fever (s) ; Typhoid fever Refer from Printers; Printing; Societies Refer from Despotism; Government; Mon- archy Refer from Suppuration Refer from Catholic church Refer from Costume Refer from Anointing (s) ; Extreme unc- tion (s) ; Sacraments Refer from Fugitive slaves; Slaverv in the u. s. Refer from Clothing; Textile industry and fabrics; Underclothing (s) Refer from Betterments (s) ; Economics ; Increment, Unearned (s) ; Land; Land tenure; Real estate; Taxation Refer from Economics; Labor and laboring classes; Labor exchanges; Panics; Poor; Social problems; Tramps Refer from Bison; Cattle; Deer; Goats; Horse; Mammals; Reindeer; Sheep; Swine Refer from Clothing; Costume; Costume, Military (s) ; Military costume (s) ; Military uniforms (s) Refer from Arianism; Congregationalism; Humanitarianism (tlieology) (s) ; Jesus Ciirist — Divinity; Liberalism; Sects; Socinianism; Trinity 372 Unitas fratrum see Moravians United brethren see Moravians United brethren in Christ United empire loyalists see Loyalists, American United society of believers see Shakers United States Administration, see U. S. — Government Agriculture, see Agriculture — U. S. Altitudes Annexations See also Gadsden purchase; Louisiana purchase; U. S. — Insular possessions Antiquities See also Indians — Antiquities ; Mounds and mound builders Architecture, see Architecture, American Archives See also U. S. — Government publica- tions Army See also Army life; Canteens (armv) ; U. S. — History, Military ; U. S. — Milit'ia ; U. S. — Navy. For volunteer regiments see under names of states, e.g. New York artillery, New York cavalry. New York infantry; also United States volunteer cavalry, United States volunteer Infantry, for volunteer regiments recruited at large Artillery -Cavalry See also cavalry -Infantry See also L'nited States volunteer States volunteer United . infantry -Art, see Art, American -Asylums, see U. S. — Hospitals and asylums -Atlases, see U. S. — Description and travel ; Maps -Banks, see Banks and banking — L^. S. -Bibliography See also American literature — Bibli- ography -Biography See also Actors, American; Artists, American; Authors, American; Declara- tion of independence — Signers ; Gover- nors ; Hall of fame; Loyalists, American; Painters, American; Pilgrim fathers; Poets, American; Presidents — U. S. ; Statesmen, American; U. S. — Genealogy; also names of wars, subhead Biography -Birds, see Birds — U. S. -Botany, see Botany — U. S. -Boundaries See also Northeast boundary of the U. S. ; Northwest boundary of the U. S. -Business associations -Canals, see Canals — U. S. -Capital and capitol See also Washington, D. C. -Census See also U. S. — Population; U. S. — Statistics; U. S. — Vital statistics -Charities, see Charities — U. S. Refer from Sects Refer from Physical geography — U. S. Refer from U. S. — Expansion (s) ; U. S. — Territorial expansion (s) Refer from Indians — Antiquities; Mounds and mound builders Refer from U. S. — Government publications Refer from U. S. — Defenses ; V. S. — His- tory, Military; U. S. — Military history (s) Refer from U. S. — Genealogy Refer from U. S. — Foreign relations Refer from Washington, D. C. Refer from U. S. — Population; L'. S. Statistics; U. S. — \'ital statistics 373 United States — Continued Chronology, see U. S. — History — Chro- nology Church history, see U. S. — Religious history Cities, see Cities — U. S. Civil and political institutions, see U. S. — Government Civil service, see Civil service — U. S. Civilization See also U. S. — Economic conditions ; U. S. — Social conditions ; U. S. — Social life and customs Claims See also names of wars, subhead Claims Climate See also Meteorology — U. S. Coats of arms, see Heraldry — • U. S. Coinage, see Coinage — U. S. Colleges, see Colleges and universities — U. S. Colonies, see U. S. — Insular possessions [For other countries use Colonies] Commerce See also Embargo laws; Great Lakes; Interstate commerce; Railroads — U. S. ; Shipping— U. S.; Tariff— U. S. ; U. S. — Industries and resources ; Waterways — U. S. Conchology, see Mollusks — U. S. Constitution See also Alien and sedition laws, 1798; Constitutional law; Constitutions, State; Secession; State rights; U. S. — Govern- ment; U. S. — Law Consular service, see U. S. — Diplomatic and consular ser\'ice Conventions and public meetings See also Political conventions Costume, see Costume — U. S. Courts See also Courts, Municipal Crime and criminals, see Crime and crimi- nals — U. S. Currency question, see Money — U. S. Customs, see U. S. — Social life and customs Defenses See also Coast defense; Fortification — U. S.; U. S. — Army; U. S. — Navy Description and travel See also Overland journeys to the Pacif- ic ; also names of cities, states, regions, etc. Gazetteers Guidebooks Maps — Views -Dialects, see English language — Dialects -Diplomatic and consular service -Directories See also U. S. — Registers -Discovery and exploration, see America — Discovery and exploration -Drama, see American drama Refer from U. S. — Social conditions Refer from Meteorology — U. S. Refer from \] . S. — Industries and resources Refer from U. S. — Government; U. S. — Law Refer from Federal courts (s) Refer from U. S. — Travel (s) Refer from U. S. — Refer from U. S. — Refer from U. S. Maps (s) Refer from U. S. — Geography (s) ; U. S. — Gazetteers (s) Guidebooks (s) — Atlases (s) ; U. S. — \jews (s) Refer from U. S. — Consular service (s) U. S. — Foreign relations 374 United States — Continued Ecclesiastical history, see U. S. — Reli- gious history Ecclesiastical institutions, see U. S. — Re- ligious institutions and affairs * Economic conditions See also Immigration and emigration — U. S. ; Labor and laboring classes — U. S. ; Land tenure — U. S. ; Money — U. S. ; Sectionalism ; Tariff — U. S. ; Taxation — U. S. ; U. S. — Finance; U. S. — Foreign population; U. S. — Industries and re- sources; U. S. — Social conditions Education, see Education — U. S. Elections, see Elections — U. S. — ■ — Emigration and immigration, see Immigra- tion and emigration — U. S. Entomology, see Insects — U. S. Epidemics Ethnology, see Ethnology — L^. S. Exhibitions, see Exhibitions — L'. S. Expansion, see Imperialism; V. S. — - Annexations ; V . S. — Insular possessions Exploring expeditions See also Lewis and Clark expedition Fauna, see Zoology — U. S. Finance See also Coinage — U. S. ; Aloney — • U. S. ; Tariff — U. S. ; Taxation — U. S. ; U. S. — Revenue Fine arts, see Art, American P'ish, see Fish — U. S. Fisheries, see Fisheries — U. S. Flora, see Botany — U. S. Folk songs, see Folk songs, American Folklore, see Folklore — U. S. Foreign population See also Bohemians in the V . S. ; Canadians in the U. S. ; Chinese in the U. S. ; Danes in the U. S. ; Dutch in the U. S. ; Germans in the U. S. ; Hungarians in the U. S. ; Immigration and emigration — U. S. ; Irish in the U. S. ; Italians in the U. S. ; Japanese in the U. S. ; Norwegians in the U. S. ; Poles in the U. S. ; Race problems — U. S. ; Russians in the U. S.; Scandinavians in the L^. S. ; Scotch-Irish in the U. S. ; Slavs in the U. S. ; Swedes in the U. S. Foreign relations See also Fisheries — U. S. ; Monroe doctrine; U. S. — Boundaries; U. Diplomatic and consular service; U. Treaties — China .SV(' also Chinese in the U. S. — England See also Alabama claims -Forests and forestry, see Forests forestry — U. S. -Fortifications, see Fortification — U. S. -Gazetteers, see U. S. — Description and travel — Gazetteers -Genealogy See also U. S. — Biography -Geodesy, see Geodesy — U. S. S. — S.— ind Refer from U. S. — Civilization; U. S. — Industries and resources; U. S. — Political economy (s) ; U. S. — Social conditions Refer from L'. S. — Economic conditions Refer from Immigration and emigration — U. S. ; Race problems — U. S. ; U. S. — Eco- nomic conditions; U. S. — Population; U. S. — Social conditions Refer from U. S. — Treaties Refer from U. S. — Biography 375 United States — Continued Geography, see U. S. ■ — Description and travel ; also Physical geography — U. S. Geology, see Geology — U. S. Government See also Civil service — U. S. ; Elec- tions — U.S.; Nationalism, New; U.S. — Constitution ; U. S. — Politics Government publications See also U. S. — Archives Guidebooks, see U. S. — Description and travel — Guidebooks Harbors, see Harbors — U. S. Health resorts, see Health resorts — U. S. Heraldry, see Heraldry — - U. S. Herpctology, see Reptiles — U. S. — — Historic houses, etc. History See also Indians — Wars; Northwest Territory, U. S. ; Slavery in the U. S. Chronology -Military See also Indians — Wars; U. S. — Army; also names of wars -Naval See also U. S. — Navy; also names of vessels and commanders, and subhead Naval operations under wars -Sources -Study and teaching -Colonial period See also America — Discovery and ^exploration; Bacon's rebellion; Colonial life and customs; French and Indian war; Indentured servants; King Philip's war; King William's war; Pequot war; Pilgrim fathers; Pontiac's conspiracy; Queen Anne's war; Redemptioners ; Stamp act, 1765; U. S. — History — Revolution — Causes -French and Indian war, see French and Indian war -Revolution See also Declaration of independence; Fourth of July orations; Loyalists, American -Anecdotes -Bibliography -Biography See also Declaration of independ- ence — Signers; U. S. — History — Revolution — Societies -Campaigns and battles .SV(- also Bunker Hill, Battle of; Sullivan's expedition; W_\-oming massacre -Causes See also Boston massacre; Boston tea party; Stamp act Reje: from U. S. — Administration (s) ; U. S. — Civil and political institutions (s) ; U. S. — • Constitution; U. S. — Politics Refer from U. S. — Archives; U. S. — Public documents (s) Refer from U. S. — • Chronology (s) Refer from U. S. — ■ Army; U. S. — Military history (s) R'fer from U. S. — Naval history (s) ; U. S. — • Navy Refer from American colonial history (s) ; Bacon's rebellion ; Colonial history (U. S.) (s) ; Colonial life and customs; Colonial wars (s) ; French and Indian war; King Philip's war; King William's war; Pequot war; Pilgrim fathers; Pontiac's conspiracy; Queen Anne's war Refer from American revolution (s) ; Bunker Hill, Battle of; Declaration of independence; Bmgland — History — 1714-1837 ; Loyalists, American; Revolutionary war (U. S.) (s) ; Revolutions; Sullivan's expedition; U. S. — Revolution (s) -Claims Refer from Boston massacre; Boston tea party ; Stamp act ; U. S. — History — Colonial period 376 U. S. — History — Revolution — Continued Diplomatic liistory, see U. S. - History — Revolution — Foreign relations Drama Fiction — Foreign relations -French participation -German troops Indian participation Medical and sanitary affairs Naval operations Negro troops Personal narratives Set- also U. S. — History — -Revo- lution — Prison life Poetry Political discussion Prison life Regimental histories Sre also U. S. — History — Revo- lution — State histories and records Societies See also Patriotic societies — State histories and records Sff also U. S. — History — Revolu- tion — Regimental histories Statistics -.1783-1861 -1783-1812 See also Alien and sedition laws, 1798 Embargo laws ; French spoliation claims Louisiana purchase; Ordinance of 1787 Whiskyinsu rrection -War of 1812 [subdivided like Revolu- tion] -1815-1861 See also Black Hawk war; Free soil party; Know-nothing party; Missouri compromise -War with Mexico [subdivided like Revo- lution] -Civil war [subdivided like Revolution] See also Army of the Cumberland; Army of the Potomac; Draft riot, 1863 ; Guerrillas; Memorial day; Reconstruc- tion; Secession; Secret service; Slaver\' in the U. S. -Reconstruction, see Reconstruction -1865 1898 Sff also Reconstruction -War with Spain [subdivided like Revolu- tion] See also Imperialism; Rough Riders -Hospitals and asylums -Hunting, see Hunting — U. S. -Ichthyology, see Fish — U. S. Refer from U. S. — History — Revolution - Diplomatic history (s) Refer Jroni French in America Refer from Germans in the U. S. ; Hessiar in the American revolution (s) Refer from Indians — Wars Refer from Negroes in the American revolu- tion (s) Refer from War poetry Refer from U. S. — History — Revolution — Personal narratives Refer from U. S. — History State histories and records Revolution — Refer from Patriotic societies ; U. S. — History — Revolution — Biography Refer from U. S. — History Regimental histories Revolution — Rfjfr from Alien and sedition laws, 1798; Embargo laws; Louisiana purchase; Ordinance of 1787; Whisky insurrection Rfffr from War of 18 12 (s) Rfffr from Black Hawk war; Free soil party; Know-nothing party; Missouri compromise Refer from Mexican war, 1846-1848 (s) ; Mexico — History Refer from Army of the Cumberland; Army of the Potomac; Civil war (s) ; Gettysburg, Rattle of; Guerrillas; Peninsular campaign, 1862; Rebellion; Secession; Southern states Refer from Reconstruction Refer froyn Rough Riders; Spain — History — 1700-; Spanish-American war, 1898 (s) Refer from Charities Asylums (s) S.; U. S.— 377 United States — Continued Immigration, see Immigration and emi- gration — U. S. Indians, see Indians Industries and resources See also Agriculture — U. S. ; Fisheries — U. S. ; Forests and forestry — U. S. ; Mines and mineral resources — U. S. ; U. S. — Commerce; U. S. — Economic conditions; also names of industries Insects, see Insects — U. S. Insular possessions See also Imperialism -Intellectual life See also Plducation — U. S. ; U. S. — Learned institutions and societies -Internal improvements, see U. S. — Public works -Internal revenue, see U. S. — Revenue -Jurisprudence, see U. S. — Law -Labor and laboring classes, see Labor and laboring classes — U. S. -Labor laws, see Labor laws — U. S. -Land tenure, see Land tenure — \]. S. -Language, see English language -Law See also U. S. — Constitution -Learned institutions and societies -Libraries, see Libraries — L'. S. -Literary institutions, see U. S. — Learned institutions and societies -Literature, see American literature -Malacology, see MoUusks — U. S. -Manners and customs, see U. S. — Social life and customs -Manufactures, see U. S. — Industries and resources -Maps, see U. S. — Description and travel — Maps -Medicine, see Medicine — LT. S. -Merchant marine, see Shipping — U. S. -Meteorology, see Meteorology — U. S. -Military history, see U. S. — History, Military; also U. S. — Army -Military reservations, see National parks and reserves -Militia See also Naval militia; also names of states, subhead Militia -Mineralogy, see Mineralogy — U. S. -Mines and mineral resources, see Mines and mineral resources — U. S. -Mollusks, see MoUusks — U. S. -Money, see Money — U. S. -Moral conditions -Music, see Music — U. S. -National characteristics, see National characteristics, American -National parks and reserves, see National parks and reserves Refer from U. S. — Commerce; U. S. — Economic conditions; U. S. — Manufac- tures (s) ; U. S. — Natural resources (s) ; U. S. — Products (s) ; U. S. — Resources (s) ; V . S. — Useful arts (s) Refer from Imperialism; U. S. — Annexa- tions; U. S. — Colonies (s) ; U. S. — Expan- sion (s) ; L). S. — Territorial expansion (s) Refer from Education Social life and customs U. S.; U. S. — Refer from U. S. Jurisprudence (s) Constitution; U. S. — Refer from \J. S. — Intellectual life; U. S. — Literary institutions (s) ; U. S. — Scientific institutions (s) Refer from National guard, U. S. (s) ; U. S. — Army Refer from U. S. — Social conditions 378 United States -^Continued ■ Natural history, see Natural history — u. s. Natural resources, see U. S. — Industries and resources — ■ — -Naval history, see U. S. — History, Naval ; also U. S. — Navy Naval militia, see Naval militia Navy See also Coaling stations ; U. S. — Refer jrom U. S. — Army ; U. S. — Defenses ; History, Naval; Naval militia; also names U. S. — History, Naval; U. S. — - Naval of vessels history (s) Newspapers, see Newspapers — U. S. Numismatics, see Numismatics — U. S. Ornithology, see Birds — U. S. Painting, see Painting, American Paleontology, see Paleontology — U. S. Patents, see Patents — U. S. Pensions, see Pensions — U. S. Periodicals, see Periodicals — U. S. Philosophy, see Philosophy, American Physical geography, see Physical geog- raphy — U. S. Poetry, see American poetry Police Political economy, see Economics; U. S. — Economic conditions Politics See also Campaign funds; Campaign ^^/^r/rom Campaign literature ; Democratic literature; Civil service reform; Demo- party; Republican party; U. S. — • Gov^ern- cratic party; Elections — U. S. ; Gerry- ment mander; Know-nothing party; NuUifica- cation ; Platforms, Political; Political parties; Primaries; Republican party; Sectionalism ; Tariff — U. S. ; Tariff ques- tion ; U. S. — Government; Whig party (U. S.) Poor, see Poor — U. S. — ■ — Population See also U. S. — Census; U. S. — For- Refer from \]. S. — Census; U. S. — Statis- eign population tics Postal service, see Postal service — U. S. Pottery, see Pottery — U. S. Presidents, see Presidents — U. S. Printing, see Printing — U. S. Prisons, see Prisons — U. S. Products, see U. S. — Industries and resources Public buildings Refer from U. S. — Public works Public documents, see U. S. — Govern- ment publications Public lands See also Forest reserves; Grazing; Refer from Land tenure — U. S. Homestead law; Indians — Land trans- fers; Indians — Reservations; Land grants; National parks and reserves; School lands Public schools, see Public schools — U. S. Public works See also U. S. — Public buildings Refer from U. S. — Internal improve- -Race problems, see Race problems — U. S. -Railroads, see Railroads — U. S. -Reconstruction, see Reconstruction -Reformatories, see Reformatories — U. S. ments (s) 379 i United States — Continued Registers [of officials] Religious history. [For non-Christian countries use Religion] See also Evangelical alliance; L'. S. — Religious institutions and affairs; also names of churches and sects Religious institutions and affairs Reptiles, see Reptiles — U. S. Resources, see U. S. — Industries and resources Revenue See also Internal revenue laws; Tariff — U. S. ; Taxation — U. S. Revolution, see U. S. — History — Revolu- tion Rivers, see Ri\ers — U. S. Roads, see Roads — U. S. Sanitary affairs Schools, see Education schools — U. S. Scientific institutions, see U. S. — • Learn- ed institutions and societies Sculpture, see Sculpture, American Seal U. S.; Public -Secret service, see Secret service -Shipping, see Shipping — U. S. -Slavery, see Slavery in the U. S. -Social conditions See also Immigration and emigration — ■ U. S. ; Labor and laboring classes — U.'S.; Sectionalism; U. S. — Civiliza- tion; U. S. — Economic conditions; U. S. — Foreign population; U. S. — Moral conditions -Social life and customs See also Children in the U. S. ; Colonial life and customs; Costume — U. S. ; National characteristics, American; Thanksgiving day; U. S. — Intellectual life; Women in the U. S. -Sports, see Sports — • U. S. -States, see States (U. S.) -Statistics See also U. S. • — ■ Census ; U. S lation ; U. S. — Vital statistics -Surveys -Tariff, jf^ Tariff — U. S. -Taxation, see Taxation — U -Territorial expansion, see U. S. — Annexations ; U. possessions -Territories -Theater, see Theater — U. S. -Travel, see U. S. — Description and travel -Treaties See also U. S. — Foreign relations -Universities, see Colleges and uni\-crsitics — U. S. -Useful arts, see U. S. — Industries and resources Popu- Imperialism ; S. — Insular Refer from Civil ser\-ice — U. S. ; U. S. — Directories Refer from U. S. — Church history (s) ; L . S. — Ecclesiastical history (s) Refer from U. S. — Ecclesiastical institu- tions (s) ; U. S. — Religious history Refer from Tariff — U. S. ; Taxation — U. S. ; U. S. — Finance; U. S. — Interna! revenue (s) Refer from Heraldry — U. S. ; Numismatics - u. s. Refer from Labor and laboring classes — U. S. ; U. S. — Civilization ; U. S. — Economic conditions Refer from National characteristics, Ameri- can ; U. S. — Civilization; U. S. — Cus- toms (s) ; U. S. — Manners and customs (s) ; Women in the U. S. Refer from U. S. — Census Refer from Territories (U. S.) (s) Refer from U. S. — Foreign relations 380 United States — Continued Views, see U. S. — Description and travel — Views Vital statistics See also U. S. — Census Water power, see Water power — U. S. Water supply, see Water supply — U. S. Waterways, see Waterways — U. S. Weights and measures, see Weights and measures Zoology, see Zoology — U. S. United States volunteer cavalry See also Rough Riders United States volunteer infantry Units See also Electric measurement; Metric system; W^eights and measures Universal history see History, Universal Universal language see Language, Universal Universal suffrage see Suffrage Universalism See also Future life; Future punishment Universe See also Astronomy; Creation; Earth; Metaphysics; Aleteoritic hypothesis; Mon- adology ; Monism ; Nebular hypothesis ; Plan- etesimal hypothesis; Plurality of worlds; Teleology Universities see Colleges and universities University degrees see Degrees, Academic University extension See also Correspondence schools and courses University libraries see Libraries, College University of the U. S., Proposed, see National university for the U. S. L'ni\'ersity settlements see Social settlements Upholstery See also Drapery; Furniture; House decoration Ural-Altaic languages See also Finnish language; Hungarian language; Turkish language Uranography see Astronomy Urinary organs See also Anatomy; Kidneys Urn burial Urns See also Urn burial; Vases Ursidae see Bears Ursulines Usages see Etiquet; Manners and customs Useful arts see Industrial arts; Manufactures Usury see Interest Utensils see Implements, utensils, etc. Utilitarianism See also Philosophy, English; Secularism Refer from U. S. — Census; U. S. — Statis- tics Refer from Cavalry; U. S. — Army; U. S. — Army — Cavalry; Volunteers (U. S. ar- my) (s) Refer from Infantry; L'. S. — Army; L'. S. — Army — Infantry; Volunteers (U. S. ar- my) (s) Refer from Constants (s) ; Physics; Stand- ards (s) ; Weights and measures Refer from Congregationalism; Future pun- ishment; Salvation; Sects Refer from Astronomy; Cosmogony (s) ; Cosmography (s) ; Cosmology (s) ; Creation; Metaphysics; Philosophy; World (s) Refer from Colleges and universities; Educa- tion; Self-culture Refer from Drapery; Furniture; House decoration Refer from Altaic languages (sj ; Finnish language; Hungarian language; Language; Turkish language Refer from Anatom\'; Kidneys; Physiology Refer from Burial; Cremation; Niortuary customs (s) ; Urns Refer from Pottery; Vases Refer from Sisterhoods; Nuns Refer from Ethics; Hedonism; Philosophy; Philosophy, English; Secularism 381 Utopias See also Forecasts; Socialism Vacant lot cultivation See also School gardens Vacation schools See also Summer schools Vacations See also Camping; Holidays; Outdoor life; Summer resorts; Vacation schools Vaccination See also Immunity; Inoculation; Small- pox; Varioloid Vacuum cleaning systems Vagabonds see Gipsies; Tramps; Wayfaring life Vagrancy see Poor; Poor laws; Tramps Valdenses see Waldenses Valency Valentine's day Valleys See also Erosion; Physical geography; Rivers Valor see Courage Valses see Waltzes Value See also Cost; Farm values; Aioney; Prices; Supply and demand Valves and valve gears See also Link motion; Safety valves; Steam engines Vampires See also Animals, Mythical Vandals See also Barbarian invasions of Rome Vanilla See also Flavoring extracts Vanity see Pride and vanity Vapor see Evaporation; Gases; Steam Variation (biology) See also Color of animals ; Color of flowers ; Color of insects ; Color of plants ; Evolution ; Heredity; Mendel's law; Natural selection; Plant breeding; Species Variation of the csmpass see Compass Variations (calculus) see Calculus Variety stage see Vaudeville Variola see Smallpox Varioloid See also Smallpox; Vaccination Refer from Forecasts; Government; Ideal states (s) ; Socialism; Socialistic Utopias (s) ; Sociology Refer from City gardens (s) ; Charities; Commons; Cultivation of vacant lots (s) ; Detroit plan (s) ; Gardening; Municipal im- provement; Neighborhood improvement; Pin- gree plan (s) ; School gardens; Unemployed; Workingmen's gardens (s) Refer from Education; Playgrounds; Public schools; Schools; Summer schools; Vacations Refer from Holidays; Hygiene; Outdoor life Refer from Contagion and contagious dis- eases; Hygiene, Public; Immunity; Inocula- tion; Medicine; Smallpox; V'arioloid Refer from Cleaning; Compressed air; House cleaning; Sweeping Refer fro 771 Chemical elements; Chemistry, Physical Refer from Manners and customs; St. Valentine's day (s) Refer from Erosion; Physical geography; Rivers Refer from Cost; Economics; Prices; Stand- ard of value (s) ; Supply and demand; Wages Refer from Gearing; Link motion; Machin- ery; Safety valves; Slide valves (s) ; Steam engines Refer fro77i Animal lore; Animals, Mythical; Superstition Refer from Barbarian invasions of Rome; Teutonic race; Wandalen (s) Refer fro 771 I'lavoring extracts Refer from Biology; Botany; Evolution; Heredity; Mutation (s) ; Species; Transmu- tation of species (s) ; Zoology Refer fro 7ti Medicine — Practice; Smallpox; Vaccination 382 Varnish and varnishing See also Japanning; Lacquer; Painting, Mechanical; Wood finishing Vascular system See also Anatomy; Arteries; Blood; Blood vessels; Heart; Physiology; Veins Vases See also Pottery; Urns \'assals see Feudalism Vatican See also Catholic church; Popes; Rome (city) Vatican council See also Infallibility; Popes — Infalli- bility Vaudeville See also Theater Vaudois see Waldenses Vaulting See also Arches; Architecture; Domes; Vaults Vaults See also Safes; Tombs; Vaulting Vector analysis See also Quaternions Vedanta See also Philosophy, Hindu; Theosophy; Vedas ; Yoga Vedas See also \'edanta Vegetable diet see Vegetarianism Vegetable gardening see Gardening; Market gardening Vegetable kingdom see Botany; Plants Vegetable mold see Soils Vegetable oils see Essences and essential oils ; Oils and fats Vegetable pathology see Plants — Diseases Vegetable physiology /^^ Botany — Physiology Vegetables See also Beets and beet sugar; Cookery — Vegetables; Gardening; Market gardening; Potatoes; Root crops; Vegetarianism Vegetarianism See also Animal food Vehicles See also Ambulances; Automobiles; Car- riages; Cars; Chariots; Coaches and coach- ing; Omnibuses; Transportation; Wagons; Wheels Veins See also Arteries ; Blood ; Blood vessels Velocipedes see Bicycles and tricycles Velocity See also Kinematics; Speed Refer from Chemistry, Technical; Gums and resins; Japanning; Lacquer; Painting, Mechanical; Wood finishing Refer from Anatomy; Blood vessels; Cir- culatory system (s) ; Physiology Refer frotn Amphorae (s) ; Decoration and ornament; Pottery; Urns Refer from Catholic church; Popes; Rome (city) Refer from Catholic church — History; Councils and synods; Infallibility; Popes; Popes — Infallibility ; Ultramontanism Refer from Acting; Actors; Amusements; Music halls; Stage (s) ; Theater; Variety stage (s) Refer from Arches; Architecture; Building; Masonry; Roofs; Vaults Refer from Architecture; Banks and bank- ing; Safes; Tombs; Vaulting Refer from Algebra; Quaternions Refer from Brahmanism; Hinduism; Pan- theism ; Philosophy, Hindu ; Theosophy ; Vedas ; Yoga Refer from Brahmanism; Hindu literature; Hinduism; Sacred books; Sanskrit literature; Vedanta Refer from Agricultural products; Beets and beet sugar; Botany; Food; Gardening; Market gardening; Potatoes; Root crops Refer from Animal food; Diet; Food; Vegetable diet (s) ; Vegetables Refer from Carriages; Transportation; Wag- Refer from Arteries; Blood; Blood vessels; Vascular system Refer from Kinematics; Motion; Physics; Speed 383 Vendean war, 1793 -1796 See also Chouansj French revolution Vendee, War of, see V'endean war Vendetta \'endors see Sale Veneers and veneering \'enesection see Bloodletting Venom See also Poisons Ventilating fans see Fans, Electric; Fans, Mechanical Ventilation See also Air pollution; Car heating, light- ing and ventilation; Chimneys; Fans, Elec- tric; Fans, Mechanical; Heating; Mine ventilation Ventilation of mines see Mine ventilation Ventriloquism Versailles (palace) Versification See also Alliteration; Meter; Poetry; Prosody; Rhyme; Rhythm Vertebral column see Spine Vertebrates See also Amphibia; Birds; Fish; Mam- mals; Reptiles; Zoology Vessels see Shipbuilding; Shipping; Ships; Steamboats Vestments see Church vestments Veterinary medicine See also Animals — Diseases; Cattle — Diseases; Dogs; Domestic animals; Horse; Sheep; Swine; also names of diseases, e.g. Tuberculosis in animals Veto Viaducts see Bridges Vibration See also Heat; Light; Motion; Physics; Sound ; Waves Vice See also Crime and criminals; Degenera- tion; Ethics; Prostitution Victoria cross Victorian literature see English literature — History and criticism — 19th centurj- Views See also Pictures ; also e.g. New York (city) — Description — Views; U. S. — Descrip- tion and travel — Views Vigilance committees See also L\-nch law Vikings see Northmen Village communities See also Communism; Local government; Mark (land; ; M'ribcs and tribal system Villages See also Local go\-crnment; Towns Refer from Brittany; Chouans ; French revolution; Vendee, War of (s) Refer frorn Feuds (s) ; Manners and customs Refer from Forest products; Furniture; Woodwork Refer from Bites, Venomous (s) ; Poisons ; Snake v'enom (s) ; Snakes Refer from Air; Air pollution; Architecture; Building; Chimneys; Heating; Home econom- ics; Hygiene; Sanitary engineering; Sanita- tion; Sanitation, Household Refer from Amusements; Elocution; Voice Refer from Art — Galleries and museums; France — Description and travel; Palaces Refer from Alliteration; Authorship; Meter; Poetry; Prosody; Rhetoric Refer from Amphibia ; Birds ; Fish ; Mammals : Reptiles; Zoology Refer from Animals — Diseases; Cattle — Diseases; Diseases of animals (s) ; Dogs; Do- mestic animals; Domestic animals — Dis- eases (s) ; Farriery (s) ; Horse; Live stock; Medicine; Sheep; Swine Refer from Executive power; Government; Legislation; Presidents Refer from Motion; Physics; Waves Refer from Crime and criminals; Degenera- tion; Ethics; Immorality (s) ; Prostitution Refer from Decorations of honor Refer from Geography; Pictures Refer from Courts; Crime and criminals; Criminal law; Lynch law; Western states Refer from Commons; Communism; Com- munities (s) ; Government; Land tenure; Local government; Mark (land); Society, Primitive; Tribes and tribal system Refer from Government ; Local govern- ment ; Towns 384 Villainage see Villeinage Villas see Architecture, Domestic; Cottages; Country houses Villeinage See also Feudalism; Serfdom Villenage see Villeinage Vine see Grape; Wine Vines see Climbing plants; Grape Vineyards see Grape Violets See also Floriculture Violin See also Stringed instruments; Violin music ; Violinists Violin music Violinists See also Musicians Violoncello See also Stringed instruments Virgin birth of Christ see Jesus Christ — Birth Virgin Mary see Mary, Virgin Virgin Mary in art see Madonnas Virginal see Piano Virginia resolutions, 1798, see Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, 1798 Virtue See also Chastity; Ethics; Goodness Viscera See also Abdomen; Intestines; Kidneys; Liver Viscosity "See also Hydrodynamics; Matter; Splashes Visigoths see Goths Vision see Color sense; Eye; Sight Visions see Apparitions; Dreams; Illusions and hallucinations Visitations, Heraldic Visiting see Guests Vitagraph see Moving pictures Vital records Vital statistics See also Birth rate; Census; Fecundity; Mortality; Population; Vital records; also names of countries, subhead Vital statistics Vitalism X'itascope see Moving pictures Viticulture see Grape Vivariums See also Aquariums; Menageries Vivisection See also Animal experimentation; Dis- section Vocal culture see Singing and voice culture Refer from Feudalism; Labor and laboring classes; Land tenure; Peasantry; Serfdom; Villainage (s) ; Villenage (s) Refer from Floriculture; Flowers Refer from Bow (music) (s) ; Fiddle (s) ; Musical instruments ; Stringed instruments Refer from Instrumental music; Alusic — Scores ; Violin Refer from Musicians; Violin Refer from Cello (s) ; Musical instruments; Stringed instruments Refer from Conduct of life ; Ethics ; Goodness Refer from Abdomen; Intestines Refer from Fluids; Gases; Hydrodynamics; Liquids; Matter; Physics Refer from Genealogy; Heraldic visita- tions (s) ; Heraldry Refer from Archives; Birth records (s) ; Death records (s) ; Genealogy; Marriage records (s) ; Records of births, marriages and deaths (s) ; Registers of births, marriages and deaths (s) ; Vital statistics Refer from Birth rate; Census; Death; Death rate (s) ; Life; Longevity; Man; Marriage statistics (s) ; Mortality; Popula- tion ; Statistics Refer from Biology; Life Refer from Animals; Menageries; Terrari- ums (s) Refer from Anatomy; Animal experimenta- tion; Animals — Treatment; Dissection; Eth- ics ; Pain ; Surgery 38s Vocal music see Choral music; Church music; Music; Singing and voice culture; Songs Vocal organs see Voice Vocalists see Singers Vocational education See also Industrial education; Professional education; Technical education; Trade schools Vocations see Occupations; Professions Voice See also Elocution; Music; Oratory; Singing and voice culture; Sound; Speech; Stammering; Throat; Ventriloquism Voice culture see Singing and voice culture Volapiik Volatile oils see Essences and essential oils Volcanic rocks see Igneous rocks Volcanoes See also Earthquakes; Geology; Igneous rocks; Lava; Physical geography Volition see Will Voltaic arc see Electric arc Voltaic cell see Electric batteries Voltaic electricity see Electricity Volumetric analysis see Chemistry — Analysis Volunteers (U. S. army) see United States volunteer cavalry; United States volunteer infantry; also under names of states, e.g. New York artillery; New York cavalry; New York infantry Voodooism Voting see Ballot; Elections; Representative government and representation; Suffrage Voting machines Voudooism see Voodooism Voyagers see Explorers; Travelers Voyages and travels See also Adventure; Antarctic regions; Arctic regions; Automobile touring; Buc- caneers; Discoveries and explorations; Ex- plorers; Geography; Ocean travel; Pil- grimages ; Sailors ; Scientific expeditions ; Sea- faring life; Travel; Travelers; Voyages and travels around the world; Whaling Early [to 1650] Voyages and travels around the world Wager of battle See also I3ucling Wagers see Betting Wages See also Cost of living; Economics; Em- ployment agencies; Income; Labor and laboring classes; Labor unions; Prfces ; Profit sharing; Salaries; Standard of living; Sweating system ; Value Wagon painting see Carriage painting Wagons See also Carriages; Vehicles Refer from Colleges and universities; Cur- riculum; Education; Industrial education; Occupations; Professional education; Public schools; Technical education Refer from Breathing; Elocution; Hygiene; Medicine — Practice; Music; Oratory; Physi- ology; Singing and voice culture; Sound; Speaking (s) ; Speech ; Throat ; Vocal organs (s) Refer from Language, Artificial Refer from Earth; Earthquakes; Geology; Lava; Mountains; Physical geography; Seis- mology (s) Refer from Conjuring; Fetishism; Negroes — Social life and customs; Superstition; Vou- dooism (s) Refer from Ballot; Elections Refer from Adventure; Antarctic regions; Arctic regions; Discoveries and explorations; Explorers; Geography; Journeys (s) ; Naviga- tion; Ocean; Ocean travel; Travel; Travelers; Travels (s) Refer from Circumnavigation (s) ; Travels around the world (s) ; Voyages and travels Refer from Battle, Wager of (s) ; Combat, Trial by (s) ; Dueling ; Law ; Trial by combat (s) Refer from Compensation (s) ; Cost of liv- ing; Economics; Income; Labor and capital; Labor and laboring classes ; Labor unions ; Piece work (s) ; Prices; Profit; Salaries; Standard of living; Workmen's compensation (s) Refer from Vehicles 386 Wahabis Set- also Arabia — History ; Mohammedan- ism VVahhabites see Wahabis Waiters See also Servants; Tipping Waitresses see Waiters Waldenses .S'('(' also Albigenscs; Huguenots; Reforma- tion — France Walking See also Running Wall decoration see Mural painting and decoration Wall painting see Mural painting and decora- tion Wall paper See also Mural painting and decoration; Tapestry- Wall street, New York city See also Speculation; Stock exchange Walls See also Building; Dams; Foundations; Masonry; Mural painting and decoration; Sea walls Waltzes See also Dance music Walt2 ing see Dancing Wampum See also Shell money Wandalen see Vandals Wandering Jew War See also Arbitration, International; Ar- mies; Battles; Blockade; Contraband of war; Disarmament; Guerrillas; Imaginary wars and battles; International law; Inter- national relations; Intervention; Martial law; Militarism; Military art and science, and other headings beginning Military; Naval art and science; Navies; Neutrality; Peace; Prisoners of war; Prizes (internation- al law); Recognition (international law); Red cross; Sieges; War correspondence; War games; War poetry; War songs; also names of wars, e.g. French revolution War correspondence War cries see Battle cries War games See also Military maneuvers War of 1812 see U. S. — History — War of l8l2 War of the Austrian succession sec Austrian succession, War of War of the Roses see Wars of the Roses Refer from Arabia — History; medanism ; Wahhabites (s) Moham- Refer from Restaurants; Servants; Table; W'aitresses (s) Refer from Albigenses ; Church history — Middle ages; Huguenots; Reformation — France; Sects; Valdenses (s) ; Vaudois (s) Refer from Animal locomotion; Athletics; Exercise; Locomotion; Outdoor life; Pedes- trianism (s) ; Physical education; Running; Sports; Track athletics Refer from House decoration; Mural paint- ing and decoration ; Paper ; Paper hanging (s) Refer from New York (citj-) — Streets; Speculation; Stock exchange; Stocks Refer from Architecture; Building; Civil engineering; Dams; Earthwork; Engineer- ing; Foundations; Masonry; Retaining walls (s) Refer from Dance music; Valses (s) Refer from Beads; Indians; Money; Shell money Refer from Legends Refer from Arbitration, International; Ar- mies; Disarmament; Ethics; Fighting (s); International law; International relations; Militarism; Military art and science; Naval art and science; Peace; Social problems; Sociology Refer from Correspondence (s) ; Journalism; Reporting; War .R^-Z^r /row Military art and science; Military maneuvers; Tactics; War 387 War of the Spanish succession see Spanish succession, War of War poetry See also War songs; also under various wars, e.g. U. S. — • History — Revolution — - Poetry War-ships see Warships War songs See also War poetry Wards see Guardians Warehouses See also Bailments; Grain elevators Warming see Heating Warnings see Omens Wars see Military history; also names of wars, and names of countries, subheads History and History, Military Wars, Imaginary, see Imaginary wars and battles Wars of the Roses See also England — History — Lancaster and York Warships See also Armor plate; Armored vessels; Galleys; Naval art and science; Navies; Submarine boats; Torpedo boats; also names of countries, subhead Navy Warwick castle See also Castles — England ; Warwick- shire, Eng. Washing see Laundry Wagps See also Hymenoptera Waste, Disposal of, see Refuse and refuse dis- posal; Sewage; Waste products Waste products See also Refuse and refuse disposal; Slag Watches see Clocks and watches Water See also Baths and bathing; Dew; Ero- sion; Feed water; Fog; Frost; Glaciers; Hail; Hydraulic engineering; Hydraulics; Hydrostatics; Ice; Lakes; Meteorology; Mineral waters; Ocean; Physical geog- raphy; Ponds; Rain; Rivers; Sea water; Snow; Springs; Steam; Swimming; Water supply, and other headings beginning Water ; Waterfalls; Waterspouts; Waterways; Waves Analysis See also Bacteriology Purification See also Feed water; Filters and filtra- tion; Water supply Refer from Poetry; Poetry of war (sj ; War; War songs Refer from Battle-songs (s) ; National songs; Patriotic songs (s) ; Songs; War; War poetry Refer from Architecture; Bailments; Busi- ness: Commerce; Tariff Refer from England — History — Lancaster and York; Roses, Wars of the (s) ; War of the Roses (s ) Refer from Armored vessels; Battle-ships (s) ; Battleships (s) ; Cruisers (s) ; Fleets (s) ; Naval art and science; Navies; Sea power; Shipbuild- ing; Ships; Steamboats; War-ships (s) Refer from Castles — England; Warwick- shire, Eng. Refer from Hymenoptera Refer from By-products (s) ; Chemical engi- neering; Chemistry, Technical; Factory waste (s) ; Industrial arts; Manufactures; Refuse and refuse disposal; Trades waste (s) ; Waste, Disposal of (s) Refer from Beverages; Hydraulic engineer- ing; Hydraulics; Hydrology (s) ; Hydrostatics; Ice; Physical geography; Physics; Water supply Refer from Bacteriology; Sanitary chemistry; Water analysis (s) ; Water pollution Refer from Feed water; Filters and filtration; Municipal engineering; Purification of water (s) ; Sanitary chemistry; Sanitary engineering; Sanitation; Water pollution; Water purifica- tion (s) ; Water softening (s) ; Water supply Water — Continued Underground See also Divining rod; Soil moisture: Springs ; Weils Water analysis see Water — Analysis Water birds See also Birds; Ducks; Geese Water color painting See also Painting Water cure see Hydrotherapy Water flow see Hydraulics Water gardens See also Aquariums; Aquatic plants Water heating see Hot water heating Water insects see Insects, Aquatic Water meters Water plants see Aquatic plants Water pollution See also Sewage ; Water — Analysis ; Water — Purification; Water supply Water power See also Flumes; Hydraulic engineering; Hydraulic machinery; Hydraulic motors; Hydro-electric plants Water-power electric plants see Ilydro-clcctric plants Water purification see Water — Purification Water rights See also Riparian rights; Water supply Water softening see Water- — Purification Water sports see Aquatic sports Water supply See also Aqueducts; Artesian wells; Canals; Dams; Droughts; Filters and filtra- tion; Forests and forestry; Fountains; Hy- draulic engineering; Irrigation; Plumbing; Pumping stations; Pumps; Rescr\-oirs; Water; Water — Purification; Water me- ters; Water pollution; Water rights; Wells; also names of cities, subhead Water supply U. S. Water wheels See also Hydraulic motors; Turbines Watercourses see Waterways Waterfalls Waterfowl see Water birds Watering places see Health resorts; Summer resorts Waterloo, Battle of, 1815 See also I'rance — History — Consulate and empire; Napoleonic wars Waterproofing Ser also Corrosion and anti-corrosives; Dampness in buildings Waterspouts See also Meteorology Refer from Ground water (s) ; Hydrology (s) ; Physical geography; Springs; Subterranean water (s) ; Underground water (s) ; Wells Refer from Aquatic birds (s) ; Birds ; Ducks ; Geese; Waterfowl (s) ; Wild fowl (s) Refer from Painting Refer from Aquariums; Aquatic garden- ing (s) ; Aquatic plants; Gardens; Landscape gardening Refer from Meters (s) ; Water supply Refer from Hygiene; Hygiene, Public; Pollution of streams (s) ; Refuse and refuse disposal; Rivers; Sanitary chemistry; Sewage; Water supply Refer from Conservation of resources ; Flumes ; Hydraulic engineering; Hydraulic power (s) ; Hydraulics; Natural resources; Power; Rivers Refer from Irrigation; Riparian rights; Water supply Refer from Civil engineering; Engineering; Filters and filtration; Hydraulic engineering; Hygiene, Public ; Municipal engineering ; Pump- ing stations; Reservoirs; Sanitary engineering ; Sanitation; Water; Water — Purification; Water pollution; Water rights; Water- works (s) Refer from U. S. — Water supply (s) Refer from Hydraulic engineering; Hydrau- lic machinery; Hydraulic motors; Machinery; Motors; '^I'urbincs; Wheels Refer from Cataracts (s) ; Falls (s) ; Physical geography; Water Refer from. Battles; France — History — Consulate and empire; Napoleonic wars Refer from Corr(>sion and anti-corrosi\'es ; I'extilc industry and fabrics Refer from Meteorology; Physical geog- raphy; Water 389 Waterways See also Canals; Ferries; Freight; Inland navigation; Navigation; Riparian rights; Ri\ers U. S. See also Canals — U. S. ; Great Lakes; Rivers — U. S. Waterworks see Water supply Wattmeter Waves See also Electric waves ; Ether (of space) ; Light; Sound; Vibration Wax Wax flowers Waxworks, Living, see Jarley waxworks Wayfaring life See also Minstrels; Outdoor life; Tramps Wealth See also Banks and banking; Business; Capital; Capitalists and financiers ; Econom- ics; Finance; Income; Labor and laboring classes; Leisure class; Luxury; Millionaires; Misers; Money; Property; Prosperity; Success Weapons see Arms and armor; Firearms; Indians — Implements and weapons ; Swords Weariness see Fatigue Weather See also Climate; Droughts; Meteorology; Storms; Weather forecasts; Weather lore; Winds Weather forecasts See also Weather lore Weather lore Weaving See also Basketwork; Beadwork; Blan- kets; Carpets; Lace; Looms; Rugs; Textile industry and fabrics Wedding anniversaries Weddings See also Etiquet; Marriage; Marriage customs and rites; Wedding anniversaries Weeds Weevils See also Beetles; Boll weevil Weights and measures See also Arithmetic; Decimal system; Electric measurement; Gaging; Gravitation; Measuring instruments; Mensuration; Met- ric system; Specific gravity; Standards of length ; Units Weirs see Dams Welding See also Blowpipe; Solder and soldering Welfare institutions for laborers see Industrial betterment Wells See also Artesian wells; Boring; Gas, Natural; Holy wells; Petroleum; Springs; Water, Underground Refer from Canals; Commerce; Communica- tion; Inland navigation; Rivers; Transporta- tion; Watercourses (s) ; Water Refer from Canals — ■ U. S. ; Rivers — U. S. ; U. S. — Commerce; U. S. — Waterways (s) Refer from Electric m.eters; Meters (s) Refer from Hydrodynamics ; Ocean ; Physical geography; Physics; Vibration; Water Refer from Adhesives ; Bees Refer from Artificial flowers; Flowers Refer from Minstrels; Outdoor life; Tramps; Vagabonds (s) Refer from Business; Business ethics; Capital ; Distribution of wealth (s) ; Economics ; Ethics; Finance; Fortunes (s); Income; Luxury; Millionaires; Money; Plutocracy (s) ; Property; Riches (s) ; Social ethics Refer from Climate; Meteorology Refer from. Forecasts; Meteorology; Weather Refer from Folklore ; Meteorology; Proverbs ; Superstition; Weather; Weather forecasts Refer from Arts and crafts ; Carpets ; Cotton ; Domestic arts; Industrial arts; Looms; Man- ual training; Textile industry and fabrics Refer from Anniversaries; Marriage; Wed- dings Refer from Bridal customs (s) ; Etiquet; Marriage; Marriage customs and rites Refer from Agricultural pests; Botany; Botany, Economic; Gardening; Plants Refer from Beetles; Insects, Injurious and beneficial Refer from Cambistry (s) ; Commerce; Decimal system; Gravitation; Measures (s) ; Mensuration; Metric system; Metrology (s) ; Science; Specific gravity; Standards (s) ; Units Refer from Blacksmithing; Blowpipe; Elec- tric welding (s) ; Forging; Ironwork; Machine shop practice; Metal work; Metals; Solder and soldering Refer from Artesian wells; Hydraulic engi- neering; Springs; Water, Ihidcrground ; Water supply 390 Welsh language See also Celtic languages Welsh literature See also Celtic literature Werwolves See also Animals, Mythical Wesleyan Methodist church Wesleyans see Methodist Episcopal church; Wesleyan Methodist church West (U. S.) see Western states Western empire see Holy Roman empire Western Reserve See also Ohio Western states See also Cowboys; Frontier and pioneer life; Indians; Lewis and Clark expedition; New Englanders in the West; Northwest Territory; Northwestern states; Oregon trail; Overland journeys to the Pacific; Pacific states; Prairies; Ranch life; Salt Lake trail; Santa Fe trail; Southwestern states; Vigilance committees; also names of states, cities, etc. Westminster abbey Whales See also Cetacea ; Whaling Whaling See also Harpoons Wharves See also Docks; Piles and pile driving; alst) names of cities, subhead Wharves Wheat See also Flour and flour mills; Grain; Hessian flies Wheeling see Cycling Wheels See also Axles ; Car wheels ; Carriages ; Machinery; Tires; Turbines; Water wheels Whig party (England) Whig party (U. S.) Whipping see Corporal punishment; Flogging Whirlwinds see Storms Whisky insurrection, 1794 See also Pennsylvania — History; L^. S. — History — 1783-1812 Whist ^SV^ also Bridge whist; Cards While league see Ku-Klux Klan While slave trade see Prostitution Widows See also Wives Wife see Wives Wild animals see Animals; Zoology Wild flowers see Flowers Wild fowl see Game birds; Water birds Wild geese see Geese Wilderness road Refer from Celtic languages ; Cymric lan- guage (s) ; Kymric language (s) Refer from Celtic literature; Cymric litera- ture (s) ; Kymric literature (s) Refer from Animal lore; Animals, Mythical; Lycanthropy (s) ; Superstition Refer from Methodism ; Sects ; Wesleyans (s) Refer from Connecticut Reserve (s) ; North- west Territory, U. S. ; Ohio Refer from Frontier and pioneer life; In- dians; Northwestern states; Overland jour- neys to the Pacific; Pacific states; Prairies; Ranch life; Southwestern states; West (U. S.) (s) Refer from Abbeys; London Refer fro77i Cetacea Refer from Seafaring life; Voyages and trav- els ; Whales Refer from Docks; Harbors; Hydraulic engineering; Piers (sj ; Piles and pile driving Refer from Flour and flour mills; Grain Refer from Axles; Carriages; Machinery; Tires ; Vehicles Refer from England — Politics; Political parties Refer from Political parties; U. S. — Poli- tics Refer from Pennsylvania — History; L^ S. — History — - 1783-1812 Refer from Bridge whist; Cards Refer fro 7n Famil\-; Wives; Women Refer from Boone's trail (s) ; Kentucky; Roads — \J. S. ; Virginia 391 Will See also Ethics; Freedom of the will; Psychology Wills See also Administrators and executors ; Guardians; Inheritance; Legacies; Probate law and practice Wind see Winds Wind instruments See also Bagpipes ; Bands (music) ; Flute ; Musical instruments Windmills Window dressing Window gardening See also Floriculture Windows See also Architecture; Glass; Grilles; Lattice; Skylights; Stained glass; Window dressing; Window gardening Winds See also Anemometer; Cyclones; Hurri- canes; Meteorology; Storms; Tornadoes Windsor castle See also Castles — F.ngland Wine See also Grape; Liquors; Temperance Wings See also Birds; Flight Winter See also Seasons ; Winter resorts ; Winter sports Winter gardening see Greenhouses; Window gardening Winter resorts See also Health resorts ; Riviera Winter sports See also Coasting; Curling; Hockey; Ice boats; Skating; Skees and skee-running ; Sports; Tobogganing Wire See also Cables; Electric wire and wiring; Fence wire Wireless telegraphy See also Coherers ; Electric waves Wireless telephony see Telephone, Wireless Wiring, Electric, see Electric conductors; Electric wire and wiring Wise men of the East see Magi Wit and humor see Humor Witchcraft See also Amulets; Charms; Demonology ; Evil eye; Magic; Medicine men; Occult sciences; Superstition Refer from Ethics; Freedom of the will; Philosophy; Psychology; Volition (s) Refer from Administrators and executors; Bequests (s) ; Genealogy; Inheritance; Law; Legacies; Probate law and practice; Property Refer from Bagpipes; Bands (music); Brass instruments (s) ; Hute ; Musical instruments Refer from Farm motors; Irrigation; Ma- chinery; IVIotors Refer from Advertising; Business; Decora- tion and ornament; Shop window decora- tion (s) ; Show windows (s) ; Windows Refer from Floriculture; Flowers; Garden- ing; House plants (s) ; Windows; Winter gardening (s) Refer from Architecture; Building; Glass Refer from Currents (s) ; Gales (s) ; Meteor- ology ; Storms; Trade winds (s) ; Weather; Wind (s) Refer from Castles — England; Palaces Refer from Grape; Liquors; Vine (s) Refer from Birds; Flight; Insects; Zoology Refer from Seasons Refer from Health resorts; Resorts (s) ; Winter Refer from Coasting; Curling; Hockey; Ice boats; Ice sports (s) ; Skating; Skees and skee-running; Sports; Toboganning; Winter Refer from Cables; Metals; Rope Refer from Coherers; Collisions at sea; Communication; Electric engineering; Elec- tric waves; Electricity; Marconigrams (s) ; Radiotelegraphy (s) ; Signals; Space teleg- raphy (s) ; Telegraph; Telegraph, Wireless (s) Refer from Black art (s) ; Charms; Church history; Conjuring; Delusions (s) ; Demon- ology; Evil eye; Exorcism (s) ; Folklore; Magic; Necromancy (s) ; Occult sciences; Persecution; Sorcery (s) ; Spirits (s) ; Super- stition 392 Witnesses See also Evidence: Perjury Expert evidence; Wives See also Domestic relations: Husbands; Marriage; Mothers; Women Wolf see Wolves Wolves See also Carnivora Family ; Widows ; Woman see \'\^omen Woman suffrage See also Women — La\ cial condition Wo I So- Women See also Amazons; Beauty, Personal; Chastity; Children; Costume; Deaconesses; Education of women; Etiquet; Family; Fancy work; Girls; Harem; Home; Home economics; Love; Marriage; Matriarchy; Mothers; Needlework; Nuns; Nurses and nursing; Prostitution; Queens and empress- es; Sex; Singers; Sisterhoods; Spinsters; Widows; Wives; Woman suffrage; Women as artists; Women as authors; Women as lawyers; Women as physicians; Women in literature and art; Women's clubs ; Working women's clubs; Young women Biography Clubs, see Women's clubs Crime 'See also Infanticide; Prostitution Diseases See also Hysteria; Medicine — Prac- tice; Obstetrics; Women — Hygiene Education, see Education of women Employment [the economic question] See also Factory system; Home labor; Sweating system; Women — Occupations — — History Hygiene See also Hygiene, and references under that subject; Women — Diseases Labor question, see Women — Employ- ment Law See also Divorce; Marriage; Salic law; Woman suffrage; Women — Employment; Women — Social condition Occupations See also Women — Employment ; Wo- men as artists; Women as authors; Women as lawyers; Women as physicians; also names of occupations, e.g. Dress- making Political status, see Woman suffrage Rights of women, see Woman suffrage; Women — Law; Women — Social con- dition Refer from Cross-examination (s) ; Evidence; Examination of witnesses (s) ; Law; Perjury; Trials Refer from Domestic relations; Family; Husband and wife (s) ; Husbands; Marriage; Widows ; Wife (s) ; Women Refer from Carnivora; Fur-bearing animals; Wolf (s) Refer from Rights of women (s) ; Suffrage; Suffragettes (s) ; Women; Women — Law; Women — Political status (s) ; Women — Rights of women (s) ; Women — Social con- dition Refer from Anthropology; Ethics; Family; Females (s) ; Girls; Home; Ladies (s) ; Man; Marriage; Mothers; Sociology; Wives; Wo- man (s) ; Young women Refer from Biography Refer from Crime and criminals Refer from Gynecology (s) ; Medicine — Practice; Women — Hygiene Refer from Factory laws; Factory system; Hours of labor; Labor and laboring classes; Sweating system; Women — Labor ques- tion (s) ; Women — Law; Women — Occupa- tions; Working girls (s) ; Working women (s) Refer from Hygiene; Women — Diseases Refer from Law; Rights of women (s) ; Woman suffrage; Women — -Rights of wo- men (s) ; Women — Social condition Refer from Occupations; Profession, Choice of; Professions; Women — Employment 393 Women — Continued Social condition See also Woman suffrage; Women — Law Women as artists Women as authors Women as lawyers Women as physicians Women in literature and art [Enter here works containing delineations or representa- tions of women in art and literature] For the work of women as artists and as authors, see Women as artists, Women as authors Women in the U. S. [Biography of American women should not be entered here, but under U. S. — Biography, and Women — Biography] See also National characteristics, American; U. S. — Social life and customs Women's clubs See also Girls' clubs; Mothers' clubs; Study clubs ; Working women's clubs Wonders of the world see Seven wonders of the world Wood See also Bark; Botany, Structural; Forests and forestry ; Lumber and lumbering ; Poles; Timber; Trees; also headings begin- ning Wood Distillation, see Wood distillation Fossil, see Trees, Fossil Preservation See also Dry rot Wood burning see Pyrography Wood carving See also Arts and crafts; Carving (art industries); Decoration and ornament; Furniture; Woodwork Wood distillation Wood engraving See also Block books Wood finishing See also Graining; Lacquer; Painting, Mechanical; Stains and staining; Varnish and varnishing Wood pulp SV^" also Cellulose; Paper Woodcuts see Wood engraving Woods see Forests and forestry; Wood Woodwork See also Bamboo; Cabinet work; Carpen- try; Graining; Manual training; Pyrog- raphy; Stains and staining; Turning; Veneers and veneering; Wood carving; Wood finishing; Woodworking machinery Refer from Emancipation (s) ; Rights of women (s) ; Woman suffrage; Women — Law; Women — Rights of women (s) Refer from Artists; Women; Women — - Occupations; Women in literature and art Refer from Authors; Women; Women — Occupations; Women in literature and art Refer from Lawyers; Women; Women — Occupations Refer from Physicians and surgeons ; Women ; Women — Occupations Refer from Art; Literature; Vv'omen Refer from National characteristics, Ameri- can; L. S. — Social life and customs Refer froi Clubs (s) Clubs; Women; Women — Refer from Bark; Building materials; Forest products; Forests and forestry; Fuel; Timber; Woods (s) Refer from Dry rot; Kyanizing (s) ; Poles; Preservation of wood (s) ; Railroads — Ties; Timber — Preservation (s) Refer from Arts and crafts; Bas-relief; Car- pentry; Carving (art industries); Decoration and ornament; Fret cutting (s) ; Furniture; Manual training; Woodwork Refer from Chemistry, Technical; Distilla- tion; Wood — Distillation (s) Refer from Block books; Engraving; Wood- cuts (s) ; Xylography (s) Refer from Graining; House decoration; Painting, Mechanical; Stains and staining; Varnish and varnishing; Woodwork Refer from Cellulose; Forest products; Paper; Pulp wood (s) ; Pulpwood (s) Refer from Architecture; Carpcnir\- ; House decoration; Industrial arts; Manual training; Slojd (s) ; Sloyd (s) ; Turning; Wood carving 3Q4 Woodworking machinery See also Lathes; Planing machines; Saws Wool See also Dyes and dyeing; Khaki; Sheep; Textile industry and fabrics ; Woolen manu- facture; Worsted; Yarn Woolen manufacture See also Textile factories; Textile in- dustry and fabrics; Wool Woolen mills see Textile factories; Woolen manufacture Words See also Definition; Etymology; Gram- mar; Language; Names; Pronunciation; Rhetoric ; Spelling ; Synonyms and antonyms; also names of languages Work See also Labor and laboring classes; Overwork ' Workhouses See also Prisons Workhouses (charities) see Almshouses Working classes see Labor and laboring classes Working day see Hours of labor Working girls see Girls; Women — Employ- ment Working girls' clubs see Working women's clubs Working women see Women — Employment Working women's clubs Workingmen's associations see Gilds; Labor unions; Workingmen's clubs Workingmen's clubs Workingmen's dwellings see Housing problem Workingmen's gardens see Vacant lot cultiva- tion Workingmen's insurance see Insurance, Acci- dent; Insurance, Industrial; Insurance, State and compulsory Workmen's compensation see Employers' lia- bility; Wages Works management see Factory management; Machine shop management; Scientific management Workshop receipts see Receipts World see Earth; Universe World politics see International relations Worlds, Plurality of, see Plurality of worlds World's fairs see Exhibitions Worms See also Earthworms; Invertebrates; Parasites Worry See also Fear Worship See also Ancestor worship; Animal wor- ship; Church attendance; Church music; Church services; Devil worship; Devotional Refer from Carpentry; Lathes; Lumber and lumbering; Machinery; Planing machines; Saws ; Woodwork Refer from Animal products; Fibers; Sheep; Textile industry and fabrics; Woolen manu- facture; Worsted; Yarn Refer from Textile industry and fabrics; Wool ; Woolen mills (s) Refer from Etymology; Language; Names Refer from Conduct of life; Hygiene; Labor and laboring classes Refer from Crime and criminals; Prisons; Punishment Refer from Clubs; Women; Women's clubs; Working girls' clubs (s) Refer from Clubs ; Labor and laboring classes ; Workingmen's associations (s) Refer from Ilclminthology (c) ; Invertebrates Refer from Anxiety (s) ; Conduct of life; Fear; Mental hygiene; Mind and body; Nervous system — Diseases; Psychology Refer from Church polity; Church services; Devotion (s) ; Devotional exercises; Idolatry; Liturgies; Prayer; Religion; Religions; Re- 39') exercises; Elements, Worship of; Family worship; Fetishism; Fire worship; Hymns; Idolatr}'; Incense; Litanies; Liturgies; Na- ture worship; Prayer; Prayers; Responsive worship; Rites and ceremonies; Ritualism; Sacraments; Sacrifice; Serpent worship; Sun worship; Totems and totemism; Tree worship Worsted See also Textile industry and fabrics ; Wool ; Yarn Wounds See also Hemorrhage ; Surgery Wrecking See also Salvage Wrecks see Shipwrecks Wrestling See also Jiu-jitsu Writers see Authors Writing See also Abbreviations; Alphabet; Au- thorship; Autographs; Books; Capitaliza- tion; Ciphers; Cuneiform writing; Forgery; Graphology; Hieroglyphics; Ink; Inscrip- tions; Letter writing; Lettering; Manu- scripts; Paleography; Paper; Penmanship; Pens; Picture writing; Punctuation ; Rhetor- ic; Shorthand; Typewriting Writing for the press see Authorship; Journal- ism Wrongs see Torts Wrought iron See also Ironwork Wrought iron work see Ironwork Wyoming massacre, 1778 X ray photograph}- see Radiography X rays See also Cathode rays; Electric discharges through gases; Ions; N rajs; Radiography; Radiotherapy Xylograph)' see Block books; Wood engra\-ing \'achting see Yachts and yachting Yachts and yachting See also America's cup; Aquatic sports; Boats and boating; Land yachts; Naviga- tion ; Sailing Yarn See also Cotton; Flax; Hemp; Silk; Spinning; Textile industry and fabrics; Wool ; Worsted Yawning Year See also Calendar; Chronology; Months; Seasons Year-books see ^'earbooks Yearbooks See also Almanacs; Annuals; Calendars Yeast See also Fcmicnlation ligious services (s) ; Rites and ceremonies; Ritualism; Theology Refer from Textile industry and fabrics; Wool; Yarn Refer from Accidents; Injuries (s) ; Sur- gery; Surgery, Military; Surgery, Naval Refer from Salvage; Shipwrecks Refer from Athletics; Jiu-jitsu; Sports Refer from Alphabet; Books; Chirog- raphy (s) ; Ciphers; Graphology; Hand- writing (s) ; Inscriptions; Language; Manu- scripts; Paleography; Penmanship; Shorthand Refer from Iron; Ironwork Refer from Massacres; Pennsylvania^ History; U. S. — History — Revolution — Campaigns and battles Refer from Cathode rays; Diagnosis; Dis- locations; Electric discharges through gases; Electricity; Fractures; Induction coils; Light; Radiation; Radioactivity; Radiography ; Radi- otherapy; Roentgen rays (s) ; Therapeutics Refer from America's cup; Aquatic sports; Boat building (s) ; Boats and boating; Cup races (s) ; Navigation ; Racing (s) ; Regattas (s) ; Sailing; Shipbuilding; Ships ; Sports ; Steam yachts (s) ; Steamboats; Yachting (s) Refer from Spinning; Textile industry and fabrics; Wool; Worsted Refer from Breathing; Physiology Refer from Calendar; Chronology; Months Refer from Almanacs; Annuals; Calendars; Registers; Statistics; Year-books (s) Refer from Cookery; Fermentation 39^ Yellow fever See also Mosquitoes Yellow journalism see Journalism ; Newspapers "\'ellow peril see Eastern question (Far East); Race problems; Yellow races Yellow races See also Color of man; Mongols; Ethnol- ogy — China ; Ethnology — Japan Yells See also Battle cries Yiddish language Yiddish literature Yoga See also Hinduism; Philosophy, Hindu; Theosophy ; Vedanta Young men See also Boys ; Conduct of life ; Gentlemen ; Men; Self-culture; Success; Youth Young people see Boys; Children; Girls; Young men ; Young women ; Youth Young women See also Conduct of life; Girls; Self-cul- ture; Women; Youth Youth See also Boys; Children; Girls; Pubert\'; Young men ; Young women Zend-Avesta see Avesta Zinc See also Brass; Galvanizing; Metals Zincography See also Etching Zionism See also Jews Zoar community see Separatist society of Zoar Zoarites see Separatist society of Zoar Zodiac See also Astrology; Astronomy Zodiacal light See also Auroras Zoogeography see Geographical tlistribution of animals and plants Zoological gardens See also Menageries Zoological mythology see Animal lore; Ani- mals, Mythical Zoological nomenclature see Zoology — No- menclature Zoologists See also I'lnlomologists ; Naturalists; Or- nithologists Refer jroni Contagion and contagious dis- eases; Epidemics; Fever; Insects as carriers of contagion; Medicine — Practice; Mos- quitoes; Tropics — Diseases and hygiene Refer from Ethnology; Ethnology — Asia; luhnology — China; Ethnology — Japan; Race problems; Yellow peril (s) Refer from College yells (s) ; Cries (s) Refer from German Hebrew (s) ; Hebrew language; Jewish language (s) ; Jews — Lan- guage (s) ; Judaeo-German (s) ; Judeo-Ger- man (s) Refer from Hebrew literature; Jewish litera- ture ; Jews — Literature (s) Refer from Hinduism; Philosophy. Hindu; Theosophy; Vedanta Refer from Boys; Conduct of life; Men; "\'oung people (s) ; "^'outh Refer from Conduct of life; Girls; Women; Young people (s) ; Youth Refer from Adolescence (s) ; Age ; Boys ; Child study; Children; Conduct of life; Girls; Puberty; Young men; Young women; "\'oung people (s) Refer from Metals; Mines and mineral re- sources; Sheet-metal work Refer from Etching; Lithograpln- ; Litho- zincography (s) ; Printing Refer from Jews; Jews — Political and social conditions Refer from Astronomy; Stars Refer from Astronomy; Light Refer from Animals; Animals in capti\ity (s) ; Menageries; Parks; Zoology Refer from Naturalists; Scientists; Zoology 397 Zoology [for systematic works and those dealing with zoology as a science] 5^^ also Anatomy, Comparative; Animal- cules ; Animals ; Aquariums ; Biology ; Birds ; Cave fauna; Cells; Color of animals; Do- mestic animals; Domestication; Ecology; P^lectrophysiology ; Embr}'ology; Evolu- tion; Fish; Fresh-water fauna; Fur-bearing animals; Game; Geographical distribution of animals and plants; Heredity; Horns; Insects; Instinct; Invertebrates; Mammals; Man; Marine zoology; Menageries; Men- del's law; Microscope and microscopy; Monsters; Natural history; Nature study; Nests; Paleontology; Parasites; Phosphor- escence; Physiology, Comparative; Psy- chology, Comparative; Quadrupeds; Repro- duction; Species; Taxidermy; Variation (biology); Vertebrates; Wings; Zoological gardens; Zoologists; also headings beginning Animal, and names of animals and of classes, orders and families of animals Economic See also Animal products; Birds, Useful and injurious; Domestic animals; Fur- bearing animals; Insects, Injurious and beneficial Nomenclature U. S. See also Birds — L . S. ; l''isli — U. S. ; Insects — U. S. ; Mf)llusks — U. S. ; Rep- tiles — U. S. Zootomy see Anatom)", Ci)mparati\-c Zoroastrianism See also Avesta ; Dualism; I'^ire worship; Parsees Zymotic diseases see Contagion and contagious diseases Refer from Anatomy, Comparative; Animal kingdom (s) ; Animals; Beasts (s) ; Biology; Brutes (s) ; Domestic animals; Fauna (s) ; Invertebrates; Mammals; Natural history; Nature; Nature study; Quadrupeds; Science; \'crtebrates ; Wild animals (s) Refer from Animals, Useful and liarmful (s) ; Economic zoology (s) Refer from Names; Nomenclature (s) ; Terminology (s) ; Zoological nomenclature (s) Refer from Natural history — U. S. ; U. S. — Fauna (s) ; U. S. — Zoology (s) Refer from A\-esta; Dualism; Fire worship; Parsees; Religions 3q8 THE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW. Series 9482 „';',; SOUTHERN «•«,',?.?.'"■ i-'Sn*Rv ( D 000 341 120