THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 
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 ML A Y'^'\ — tAC ^ 5 f 
 
 11.4.^.2.
 
 
 ^ 
 
 BIOGRAPHIES 
 
 OF THIC 
 
 FOUNDERS. PROMINENT EARLY MEMBERS 
 AND EX-PRESIDENTS 
 
 OF THK 
 
 Missouri State Dental Association 
 
 IILLVSTRATED.^ 
 By BURTON LEE 'THORPE, M. D. 
 
 D. D. S. 
 
 Associate editor of The Dental Brief; Author "Biographies of Pioneer American Dentists 
 
 and Their Successors" ; Chairman Committee on History, Missouri State Dental Asso - 
 
 ciation; Chairman Committee on History, St, Louis Society of Dental Science; 
 
 Secretary Committee on History, National Dental Association; Secretary 
 
 Commission on History, Federation Dentaire Internationale ; Member of 
 
 the St. Louis Medical History Club, etc. 
 
 ST. l_OUIS, MISSOURI : 
 
 EV. E. CARRERAS. PRINTER AND BINDER. 
 
 1 909. 
 
 
 ^
 
 
 (ic:)p 
 
 TO THE MEMORY OF THE FOUNDERS 
 OF THE 
 
 /HMssouri State Dental association, 
 
 WHOSE DEVOTION. CONTRIBUTIONS AND GOOD 
 
 WORK IN BROADENING THE SCOPE AND 
 
 RAISING THE STANDARD OF DENTAL 
 
 SURGERY, MAKES EACH MEMBER 
 
 OF THE ASSOCIATION THEIR 
 
 DEBTOR, THIS VOLUME 
 
 IS GRATEFULLY 
 
 DEDICATED BY 
 
 THE AUTHOR.
 
 PREFACE, 
 
 The collection and compilation of data and photographs of the 
 Organizers and Ex-Presidents of the Missouri State Dental Association 
 was begun by the writer in 1899, and continued, at odd moments, until 
 1907, when the Association made an appropriation for the publication 
 of the same. 
 
 The object of this volume is to permanently and as nearly authentically 
 as possible, put on record the work accomplished by the men who were 
 our pioneers in the organization and those who have been elevated to the 
 presidency, the highest honor in the gift of the Association, that 
 
 " When other men our lands will till^ 
 When other men our streets will fill. 
 And other birds will sing as gay — 
 As bright the sunshine as to-day, 
 A hundred years from now," 
 
 future generations may know what these men have achieved. 
 
 The first record of a regular dental practitioner in Missouri appears in 
 The Missouri Gazette (published at St. Louis) December, 1809, which 
 states : 
 
 "A well-bred surgeon -dentist. Dr. Paul, has the honor of 
 informing his friends in particular and the public in general, 
 that he is prepared to practice in all the branches belonging 
 to his profesion, viz., extracting, cleaning, plugging and 
 strengthening the teeth, also making artificial ones." 
 
 In 1830, Dr. D. T. Kvans informed the citizens of St. Louis and its 
 vicinity that he had established himself in this place for the purpose of 
 devoting himself to the practice of dental surgery. 
 
 Following these came the men who are the subjects of these 
 biograj)hies. 
 
 The Missouri State Dental Association in its early days brought about 
 the organization of the Missouri Dental College (1866), The Missouri 
 Dental Journal (1869), the extending of the Dental College Course from one
 
 to two years (1877). the first bill regulating the practice of dental surgery 
 in Missouri by legislative enactment and other important things for profes- 
 sional betterment. It also brought together in professional comradship 
 and continuity the progressive practitioners of Missouri and surrounding 
 States, and made known to the dental world the men whose biographies 
 and likenesses illustrate these pages, some of whom have acquired a repu- 
 tation not only national but international, as expert operators, scientists, 
 authors, inventors and orators. It is questionable if any State in the Union 
 has produced a more dignified, talented or progressive set of men than 
 those prominent in the early days of the Association. 
 
 The author acknowledges with thanks his indebtedness to all those 
 who have assisted in furnishing data or photographs for this work. 
 Hettinger Bros. Mfg. Co., Kansas City, are thanked for their liberal do- 
 nation to cover part of illustrations. He is especially under obligation to 
 the late Dr. H. J. McKellops, Drs. George A. Bowman, A. H. Fuller, 
 Wm. Conrad, the late Dr. Geo. W. Tindall, Drs. J. D. Patterson, 
 Chas. L. Hungerford. Chas. Channing Allen, Chas. H. Darbj', W. L. Reed 
 and F. M. Fulkerson, for the generous assistance they have given him in 
 this labor that has been one of love and duty to his chosen calling. 
 
 St. Lovis, April, 1909. BURTON LEE THORPE.
 
 MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS 
 
 OF THlv 
 
 MISSOURI STATE DENTAL ASSOeiATIOX, 
 
 FIRST MEETING. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo., Oct. 31, 18*J5. 
 
 Pursuant to a call made by prominent St. Louis dentists, about 
 sixty dentists of the State convened at the new Church Hall, corner of 
 Sixth and St. Charles streets, at 10 a. m., to organize a State Associa- 
 tion. Dr. J. S. Clarke, St. Louis, Mo., was called to the chair as Tem- 
 porary Chairman. Dr. G. S. Morse, Columbia, Mo., as Temporary Sec- 
 retary. 
 
 On motion, Drs. L Forbes, A. D. Sloan, L Comstock, H. E. Depp, and 
 W. H. Eames, were appointed by the Chair to draft a Constitution and 
 present to the meeting. 
 
 During the absence of the committee, Dr. Peebles proposed the fol- 
 lowint? query: "Why is it that rubber does not vulcanize to the same 
 extent at ail times with the same amount of heat and length of time?" 
 
 The subject was discussed at some length by Drs. Jones, Blake, 
 Payne, McCoy, Peebles, Hovey, Morse, and others, after which the 
 committee appointed for that purpose reported a form for a Constitu- 
 tion, which was unanimously adopted.* 
 
 On motion a committee of five was appointed to nominate perma- 
 nent officers for the Association. Drs. Peebles, Samuels, Tindall, Blake 
 and McCoy, committee. 
 
 Adjourned to meet 2:30 p. m. 
 
 AFTERNOON SESSION— 2:30 P. M. 
 
 Association met and was called to order by the presiding officer. 
 
 Committee on Nomination reported as follows: President, H. 
 J. McKellops; First Vice-President, G. S. Morse; Second Vice-President, 
 M. McCoy; Recording Secretary, H. Judd; Corresponding Secretary, J. 
 Payne; Treasurer. A. M. Leslie: who were duly elected. Drs. Leslie 
 
 * See Constitution.
 
 and Forbes were appointed by the Chair to conduct the President-elect 
 to the chair. After some appropriate remarks by the President, on 
 motion of Dr. Peebles it was ordered that the blank in Art. 3, Sec. 1, 
 of the constitution be filled by inserting the words, one dollar. 
 
 On motion of Dr. Forbes the Nominating Committee was requested 
 to nominate an Executive Committee. Drs. Blake, Sloan and Samuels 
 were nominated and elected. 
 
 Dr. Leslie was requested to furnish a synopsis of the proceedings 
 of the Association to the dental journals for publication. 
 
 After a short discussion by Drs. Clarke, Hovey and McCoy, upon 
 the use of arsenious acid for destroying the pulp, the Association took 
 a recess to allow members an opportunity to sign the constitution. 
 
 Thirty-six members subscribed their names and paid into the hands 
 of the Secretary the sum of one dollar, the amount required by the 
 Constitution. 
 
 The Association was again called to order and the discussion on the 
 use of arsenic continued by different members. 
 
 Adjourned to meet at 7:30 p. m., at the rooms of the Board of Public 
 Schools. Fifth and Olive streets. HOMER JUDD, Sec'y. 
 
 NIGHT SESSION— 7:30 P. M. 
 
 Association met, pursuant to adjournment, and was called to order 
 by Vice-President Dr. Morse. 
 
 The subject of exposed pulps was taken wp and discussed. (No 
 report of discussion.) 
 
 The subject of vulcanized rubber was again brought up by Dr. 
 Sloan and discussed by Drs. Sloan and E. Hale, Jr. (No report.) 
 
 Inflammation of the dental periostium was presented for discussion 
 by the Executive Committee. 
 
 Dr. Samuel made some remarks. (No report.) 
 
 On motion of Dr. Leslie, Wednesday, 9 a. m., was set apart for 
 clinics. 
 
 On motion the Executive Committee was instructed to fill the 
 vacancy occasioned by the absence of Dr. Blake. Dr. Peebles was 
 appointed. 
 
 Discussion on inflammation of the periostium was resumed by Drs. 
 Eames and .Tudd. (No report.) 
 
 Dr. Payne offered the following resolution: Resolved, That it is 
 the sense of the Association that no man is justified in taking a student 
 for a less term than two years, and then only when said student pledges 
 himself to graduate at a dental college before engaging in practice.
 
 Remarks were made by Drs. Sloan, Forbes, Clarke and others, fol- 
 lowed by an able speech by Dr. Peebles, after which the resolution was 
 unanimously adopted. 
 
 Drs. Forbes, McKellops, Peebles, Payne, Barron and Eames were 
 appointed clinical operators. 
 
 Adjourned to meet at 2 |). m. on Wednesday. 
 
 H. JUDD, Secretary. 
 
 AFTERNOON SESSION— 2 P. M. 
 
 Association called to order by the President, Dr. McKellops. 
 
 Minutes of previous session read and approved. 
 
 On motion a committee consisting of Drs. McCoy, Payne and Jones 
 wfre appointed to report on subject of vulcanized rubber at the next 
 meeting. 
 
 Dr. Spyer was requested to read his paper on the effects of disease 
 of the teeth. After the reading the author was requested to furnish a 
 copy for publication with the proceedings. 
 
 I^etters were received and read from Drs. J. A. Price and J. F. 
 Hassel. 
 
 Drs. Leslie, Hovey and Reed were appointed committee to appoint 
 delegates to the "American Dental Association." 
 
 On motion of Dr. Clarke, it was moved that when the Association 
 adjourned it do so to meet at 7:30 p. m., at the rooms of the Public 
 School Board. It was also moved that when the Association adjourned 
 finally, it do so, to meet at St. Louis on the first Tuesday in .June, 1866. 
 Carried. 
 
 Adjourned to 7:30 p. m. H. .lUDD, Secretary. 
 
 EVENING SESSION— 7:30 P. M. 
 
 The President called the Association to order. Minutes of last 
 session read and approved. 
 
 Dr. McCoy introduced as a subject for consideration, a case of ex- 
 tensive absorption of the lower jaw, and inquired for the best method 
 of retaining- a Icwer pl^te in its place. Dr. McKellops recommended 
 the use of springs; Dr. Payne opposed the use of springs. Drs. Hovey, 
 Spyer and McCoy ?ave their views. (No report ) 
 
 The subject of "fang filling" was taken u]) and parricipatrd in by 
 Drs. Forbes, Clarke, Hovey. Blake. Morrison. .ludd. Eames, Peebles, 
 McKellops and Payne. (No report.) 
 
 Dr. Clarke offered th? following rp-olution. Resolved. That the 
 
 9
 
 thanks of this Association are due. and are hereby tendered, to Dr. H, 
 E. Peebles, for his constant labors to effect a full organization of the 
 dentists of Missouri into a State Association, he having commenced 
 the labor in February, 1856, by extensive correspondence and consulta- 
 tion with the members of the profession. Resolution adopted. 
 
 On motion of Dr. Forbes, it was ordered that a preamble and the 
 resolution be written in plain hand, signed by the President and Secre- 
 tary of the Association, be neatly framed, and presented to Dr. Peebles. 
 The following named gentlemen were appointed delegates to the 
 American Dental Association: 
 
 Dr. J. K. Stark, Independence, Mo. 
 Dr. Edward Hale, Jr., St. Louis, Mo. 
 Dr. E. Hovey, Springfield, Mo. 
 Dr. E. McCune, Louisiana, Mo. 
 Dr. Geo. W. Crawford, St. Louis, Mo. 
 Dr. G. W. Tindall, Kansas City, Mo. 
 Dr. H. Judd, St. Louis, Mo. 
 Dr. J. S. Clarke, St. Louis. IMo. 
 Subject of "Failures in Dental Operations" was taken up. Remarks 
 by Drs. Forbes, Hovey, Sloan, McKellops and Judd. 
 
 On motion it was resolved that the Executive Committee be re- 
 quested to lay out a series of subjects for discussion at our next annual 
 meeting and place the same in the hands of the Corresponding Secre- 
 tary, to be printed, and copies to be sent to each member of the 
 Association. 
 
 On motion of Dr. Forbes, it was ordered that the Executive Com- 
 mittee be authorized to draw on the Treasurer to defray the expenses 
 of the meeting. 
 
 •President appointed Dr. Tash delegate to the American Dental 
 Association. 
 
 On motion of Dr. Mcrrison. a subscription list was opened for "The 
 Dental Register." 
 
 The following resolution was olTered by Dr. Hovey: 
 Resolved, That the thanks of the Association are due and are here- 
 by tendered to Drs. Forbes, McKellops, Peebles. Payne, Eames and 
 Barron, for the courteous consideration and gentlemanly bearing 
 towards the members of this Association, in kindly opening their offices 
 and tendering their services, not only in the clinical exhibitions thus 
 afforded us, but likewise to their readiness to iininut any and all pro- 
 fessional information at their command. 
 
 On UKjtion adjourned to meet June 5, 1866. 
 
 H. JUDD. Recording StHiretary. 
 
 10
 
 FIRST (ONSTrn TIO.X AM) BY-LAWS 
 oi" Tin-; 
 
 MISSOURI STATIi DHNTAL ASSOCIATION. 
 
 ADOITKl) ()(T()KER31, ISCJo. 
 
 ARTICLE 1. 
 Section 1. This society shall be called the Missouri State Dental 
 
 Association. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 Section 1. The officers of this Association shall consist of a Presi- 
 dent, two Vice-Presidents, a Recording Secretary, a Corresponding Sec- 
 retary, a Treasurer, and one Executive Committee of three members. 
 
 Sec. 2. The officers shall be elected by call at each annual meet- 
 ing and hold one year, and until their successors are duly elected. 
 
 Sec. 3. The officers shall discharge all the duties belonging to their 
 
 respective offices. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 
 Section 1. In the formation of this society, every practitioner ot 
 dental surgery, present in person, shall, by enrolling himself, and pay- 
 ing the sum of one dollar to the Recording Secretary, become a mem- 
 ber. 
 
 Sec. 2. After the permanent organization, every dentist, desiring 
 to become a member, shall present his name, through some member, 
 accompanied with the initiation fee of one dollar, whereupon, a two- 
 thirds vote, and the t^igning of the Constitution, he shall be a member 
 in full connection. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 Section 1. Members shall pay the assessment, and, upon the fail- 
 ure for two years, a forfeiture of membership shall ensue. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 Section 1. A membsr may be suspended or expelled, for immoral 
 or unprofessional conduct, mal-practice, or any other gross offense, by 
 a two-thirds vote. 
 
 Sec. 2. Any member in good standing, and square on the Secre- 
 tary's books, may withdraw from the Association by notifying the 
 Secretary in writing. 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 Section 1. The meetings of the Association shall be held at such 
 time and place as shall be determined, at a previous meeting, not less 
 frequent than once a year. 
 
 11
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 
 Section 1. Seven members shall constitute a quorum for the trans- 
 action of business at any meeting. 
 
 Sec. 2. In the event that a quorum be not present at any meeting, 
 the President is hereby authorized to call a meeting at such time and 
 place as he may deem proper, and give notice thereof by a circular. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII. 
 Section 1. Students of members shall be permitted to attend our 
 meetings free of charge, but not to participate in the discussions or 
 business. 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 
 Section 1. This Constitution may be altered or amended by a two- 
 thirds vote, at any stated meeting, notice having been given at any 
 previous meeting. 
 
 BY-LAWS. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 Section 1. This Constitution may be altered or amended by a two- 
 tion shall be deemed the fundamental law of the society. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 Section 1. This Association shall be governed by parliamentary 
 usage. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 Section 1. Order of business: 
 1. Reading minutes. 
 
 Reports of officers, embracing the President's retiring address. 
 
 Reports of committees. 
 
 4. Election of members. 
 
 5. Election of officers. 
 
 6. Reading of essays. 
 Discussions. 
 Miscellaneous business. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 Section I. No member shall Kjjeak twice on the same subject, 
 without |)ermission of the society. 
 
 Sec. 2. . These By-laws may be altered, extended or amended, at 
 any stated nicetin.g, by a two-thirds vote of all the members present. 
 
 12
 
 VALEDICTORY ADDRESS. 
 
 By H. J. McKhli.ops, D. I). S. 
 First President of the Missouri State Dental Association. 
 
 Gentlemen: In retiring from the honorable position to which I 
 have been elevated by my colleagues of the Missouri Dental Association, 
 I feel it a pleasing duty to address you a few words in reference to the 
 position, advancement and progress of Dentistry in relation to the 
 social scale. 
 
 In an address of this kind, I do not propose to make it an oppor- 
 tunity of saying anything new, but to offer some general remarks upon 
 the relation that Dentistry holds to society at large, in order that we 
 may more clearly appreciate the character and extent of that useful 
 mission in which we have all embarked. 
 
 A few years ago, and within the memory of many of us, the science 
 of Dentistry was wholly unknown; and it occupied neither position nor 
 status in the world of medical progress, and was considered a mere 
 appendage of questionable value in the life of the professional man. 
 Since then, step by step, it has advanced, gathering strength by every 
 movement, until now, it justly claims a position, ennobled by the prac- 
 tical applications vivifying influences of those who have labored for 
 its advancement. 
 
 Much has been done, and much more remains to be accomplished, 
 before our art shall have reached that degree of perfection which awaits 
 patient and progressive research in the unexplored fields of experi- 
 mental philosophy. 
 
 To discharge conscientiously the implied contract entered into 
 • with our patients, to effect the most perfect specimen of our handi- 
 craft, is nothing more than is expected in every commercial' trans- 
 action. 
 
 If nothing more than this were done. Dentistry would hardly rise 
 above the level of the numerous trades and callings of life But it has 
 gained an honorable position in the profession of medicine aiid surgery, 
 by the aid of those illustrious men who have devoted energy, industry, 
 and perseverance to its development as a science. 
 
 It should be our aim and ambition: then, to perfect the possession 
 of that inheritance which the genius, the philanthrophy and the devoted 
 -Industry of others have accumulated, and not content ourselves with 
 merely performing a piece of aristic workmanship. 
 
 It should be a special object of the members of this society to still 
 further augment the sphere of its usefulness, and by acquiring an 
 intimate knowledge of physical and biological science which truly be- 
 longs to the domain of odontologic art. 
 
 13
 
 It is the study and application of the laws and principles that gov- 
 ern matter, and the influences they exert upon the vital organism, that 
 marks the advancement of medicine as a science, and which equally 
 pertains to the department of Dentistry, a distinctive branch of the 
 profession. If we begin to study the phenomena and laws of life in 
 man, we shall soon be irresistibly attracted to extend our observations 
 to the successive orders of creation, and so on down to the lowest type 
 of animated matter. As we advance in this study, the beauty, harmony 
 and correlation of organic and inorganic forces open up to our vision. 
 We see the adaptation of those mysterious principles in the vegetable 
 and mineral kingdoms so potent in the consulting room and laboratory, 
 and the knowledge of each plant or mineral becomes more perfectly 
 understood by the multiplying beams of intelligence reflected at every 
 step. 
 
 As lovers of our art, then, let it be our chief pleasure to elevate 
 it, year by year, until it shall have occupied a position prominent among 
 the most dignified specialties in the medical profession. This is to 
 be effected, not merely by the aid of mechanical skill in remedying 
 deformity and relieving suffering, but in applying the principles ot 
 biology and physical science to the prevention of disease, preserva- 
 tion of the teeth, rather than their destruction by mechanical agents. 
 
 Our object should be to comprehend the effort that nature is mak- 
 ing in combatting the adverse influences under w-hich she is laboring. 
 Let us seek to aid her in the conflict, observing and following her 
 laws, that we may minister to her short-comings. If we deviate from 
 this path; if, losing sight of the beacon of observation, we chase the 
 ignis fatuus of speculation, we shall just so surely riiss our aim to 
 benefit our patient. He who would minister to nature must learn to 
 interpret her. It is by the exercise of this prerogative that the edu- 
 cated and accomplished dentist excels the mere mechanic, whose chief 
 merit consists not in preserving the teeth, but in making close imita- 
 tions. 
 
 Besides the channels of investigation just pointed out, the suc- 
 cessful practitioner of Dentistry is required not only to understand the 
 anatomical construction of the teeth, and whatever pertains to their 
 growth, position and relation to other parts of the mouth, but he should 
 continue his research into what constitutes the domain of physiology — 
 a research which carries its investigations in quest of analogies and 
 illustrations into the widest latitudes of the animal and vegetable 
 kingdom, as well as into the most minute inspection of the structures, 
 the functions, and the attributes of their several productions. 
 
 In the practice of dental surgery a profound knowledge of the 
 anatomy of all parts contained within the buccal cavity Is absolutely 
 necessary to success. Anatomy is also the foundation of the diagnosis 
 of diseases that fall under the observation and treatment of the dentist. 
 
 14
 
 It demonstrates the normal condition of .structures in healtti, and sup- 
 plies the means of comparison in the study of dental pathology. Neither 
 anatomy, nor any power of ocular investigation, however accurately it 
 may be conducted, can enable the dentist to obtain a correct knowledge 
 of the constituent formations of the teeth and modifications they un- 
 dergo in their alveoli. These things must be learned through the aid 
 of a microscope, and this adds another auxiliary branch of investigation, 
 to the perfection of Dentistry as a science. 
 
 The art of Dentistry, then, comprehends a perfect knowledge of 
 anatomy, physiology, pathology, the continual use of the microscope, 
 and an understanding of the laws and principles that pertain to biolog- 
 ical and physical science. Let each one of us learn as much of them 
 as we can, always bearing in mind the great object for which they are 
 studied, and never neglecting the purpose to which they are to be ap- 
 plied. We should remember that Dentistry, as a science, was founded 
 and raised upon the natural sciences. All that is beyond a mere em- 
 pirical art, it owes to its dependence upon, and its association with 
 these. It w^ould be difficult to find any one in our ranks who has at- 
 tained great eminence in the dental art, or who, by his writings and 
 precepts, has advanced our knowledge in the treatment of diseased 
 teeth, or other parts within the mouth, who did not lay the foundation 
 of his successes in the distinction which he earned by his researches 
 in the natural sciences. 
 
 We have met here to-day to furnish our quota towards the ad- 
 vancement of our profession, and its elevation among tiie liberal and 
 learned professions. It is the animus that stimulates our energies, and 
 the energies of all those who truly love their calling. We come here 
 to labor for its continued prosperity, and to communicate whatever of 
 interest we may have learned since the last session of this society. 
 We come here imbued with the spirit of progress, and to lay before 
 our professional brethren our views and observations on those sub- 
 jects most calculated to improve and instruct them, and benefit our 
 patrons. Let all participate in the deliberations of the session and 
 whatever of surgical or mechanical interest may have been learned 
 during the past year, let it be given to the society, for the honor of 
 the profession and for the benefit of suffering humanity. If any im- 
 provement in mechanical Dentistry has been made or new operations 
 devised, let the inventor be induced to spread it upon the records of the 
 society and receive the meed of praise due him in contributing his share 
 towards the elevation of his chosen profession. The selfish and em- 
 pirical fashion of secreting improvements, of whatever nature pertain- 
 ing to our calling, for the sake of individual aggrandizement is un- 
 worthy the fellowship of honorable men, and must, sooner or later, 
 recoil in shame and odium upon its author. It is to be hoped that such 
 members of our .-ociety are, like "angels' visits, few and far between." 
 
 IS
 
 Let me invoke the profession in Missouri to enter their protest against 
 acts so derogatory to our high calling as benefactors of the human fam- 
 ily, and let me impress upon them the necessity of instructing their 
 delegates to the National Convention to guard well the portals of the 
 profession and shut out such harpies from all deliberation and asso- 
 ciation in such assemblage. 
 
 Finally, gentlemen, let me call your attention to the importance 
 of aiding, with your money and influence, our only educational insti- 
 tution in the West. I refer to the Ohio Dental College, which is doing 
 a good work in extending the usefulness of the profession and ad- 
 vancing its importance in the social scale. 
 
 In conclusion, permit me to thank you for the honor conferred 
 upon me, in selecting me as your presiding officer for the past year, 
 and the zeal and interest you have manifested in making our science 
 "pure and spotless in the world." 
 
 16
 
 FOUNDERS. 
 
 > 
 
 ^
 
 JOHN SKIXNER Cl.ARK, M. D : D. D. S. 
 
 John Skinner Clark, son of ."\I0se3 and Melicent Clark, was born 
 on a farm three miles from Brooklyn, Connecticut. His early educa- 
 tion was obtained at the district school. As he grew to manhood, dis- 
 liking farm life, he taught school during the summer months to defray 
 his expenses at a neighboring academy during the winters. After com- 
 pleting his college course, he located at Norwich, Connecticut, where 
 he became a clerk in the hat and fur store of his brother-in-law, Mr. 
 Samuel Nourse, and married Miss Caroline Klinne, March 1, 1837. Im- 
 mediately following their marriage they started West, locating at Alton, 
 111., in 183S, where he also was associated with Mr. Nourse in business. 
 During his residence at Alton, he formed the friendship of Elijah Parish 
 Lovejoy. the Abolition editor, and was one of his main supporters the 
 night Lovejoy was killed by the mob. Immediately after this incident, 
 in 1840, he removed to St. Louis and began the practice of dentistry. 
 Who gave him his early instruction is uncertain; he seemed to have 
 a natural bent for the calling and "made a dentist of himself." 
 
 Desiring more scientific knowledge, he attended a course of lec- 
 tures at McDowell's Medical College and from that institution received 
 the degree of Doctor of Medicine. It was a question with him for a 
 time whether to give up Dentistry and become a physician, but he al- 
 ways felt that Dentistry should and could be raised to an equal footing 
 •with the medical fraternity in the eyes of the world, and this was his 
 ambition. He was a natural surgeon and in his medical studies made 
 a specialty of the mouth and teeth. 
 
 Possessing remarkable skill and genius, he soon ranked among 
 the first operators of the time. By invitation of the faculty of the St. 
 Louis Medical College, he delivered a course of lectures on Dentistry 
 to the medical students of that institution. He was a close friend of 
 
 18
 
 the famous surgeon, Dr. Charles A. Pope, and often assisted him in 
 difficult operations. He soon became recognized as a progressive 
 thinker and able teacher, and in consideration of his attainments the 
 Ohio College of Dental Surgery conferred on him the honorary degree 
 of Doctor of Dental Surgery in 1852. 
 
 August, 1853, he joined the American Society of Dental Surgeons 
 and soon became prominent in it as an able speaker and debator. He 
 presented to the society several practical suggestions along advanced 
 lines; amongst them, in 1858, he advocated the necessity of root-filling, 
 stating that he used barbed broaches in removing dead pulps and for 
 carrying disinfecting agents into pulp canals, thus preparing them in 
 so thorough a manner as to avoid subsequent inflammation or alveolar 
 abscess. This he followed by filling the roots with gold foil made into 
 cylinders, a method taught him by a dentist named Badger. 
 
 Dr. Jas. S. Knapp says he introduced Dr. John S. Clark to Dr. F. 
 H. Badger, an excellent operator from Columbia, Tenn., during the 
 winter of 1850-51, and the two held a long and interesting conversation. 
 Dr. Badger showed Dr. Clark his method of making and using cylinders. 
 After folding a cut portion of non-cohesive gold foil consisting of four 
 or more thicknesses he again folded the strip with small tweezers, re- 
 ducing the length of the short strip, and by manipulation causing its 
 form to approach rotundity. Then holding the same in the palm of his 
 left hand he rolled it back and forth until it was nearly as hard as 
 gold wire, and size of a small knitting needle. If he wanted shorter 
 cylinders than the width of the strip, he cut them off the roll with 
 strong scissors. Dr. Badger then punched a hole into the imperfect 
 filling or plug, wherever its want of density would permit, and drove 
 into it two or more small cylinders. 
 
 A short time elapsed when Dr. Clark illustrated to Drs. Badger, 
 Fredrichs and Knapp an improvement by rolling the folded strip of 
 gold on a "cut-off" watchmaker's broach near its handle, furthermore, 
 in contemplation of making the entire plug of gold cylinders of pre- 
 paring a variety of the latter, some large and soft for first introduction, 
 some small and hard and some more or less tapering, these latter to 
 be introduced wherever a want of density would allow a hole to be 
 punched to receive it. If too long, they could be filed off along with 
 other portions of gold. 
 
 Another method claimed as original with him was the rolling of 
 strips of non-cohesive gold foil on a broach, forming cylinders which 
 were used by the wedging principle of cylinder fillings, so as to make 
 a solid and impervious filling, air tight and moisture proof, as described 
 by him in the Dental News Letter. Vol. IX, October. 1856, page fi. If 
 not the first who made use of this method, he certainly is entitled to 
 the credit of bringing the method into more general use. and carrying it 
 to a high degree of perfection. 
 
 19
 
 Dr. John S. Clark took part in the meeting held at Philadelphia, 
 August 2, 3 and 4, 1856, at which was organized the American Dental 
 Convention. He was chairman of the committee which reported the plan 
 and articles of association, and served as its first vice-president, 1855-6. 
 
 It was at this meeting that he made known his method of using 
 gold for filling teeth. Rolling a strip of gold a little wider than the 
 cavity was deep, upon a broach, he formed cylinders differing in size. 
 While this method was not entirely original with him, being announced 
 at a time when Dr. Arthur's method of using gold cohesively was at- 
 tracting attention and when the profession was seeking new and better 
 methods, its suggestions were widely adopted. His method was a slight 
 variation of the very old "Barley-corn" pellet method, and its main 
 distinction lay in making the cylinders differ in size and hardness to 
 suit the position they were to occupy in the cavity. His exposition ot 
 it at this meeting undoubtedly led many operators to modify their for- 
 mer methods, and by so doing to work with much more satisfaction to 
 themselves and to their patients. It would be a revelation to many 
 of the present day, to see an operator roll up a cylinder containing one, 
 two or three sheets of gold foil. No. 5, as some did for a very large 
 cavity, place it in position, pack around it a few pellets, condense, bur- 
 nish and polish until it became as if it had been melted and poured 
 in, all this within not more than fifteen or twenty minutes; and per- 
 haps much more of a revelation to see the same filling in excellent 
 order twenty years later. Nor was this confined to cavities with four 
 strong walls. Large cavities on the proximal surface of incisors, with 
 frail walls, were so filled. It is a misnomer to call these fillings soft 
 gold fillings, or to speak of them as made exclusively with non-cohesive 
 gold. To an expert, whether the gold was cohesive or non-cohesive 
 was a matter of but little moment. He worked with one as well as 
 with the other. 
 
 Dr. Clark was an enthusiastic society worker. He was one of 
 the organizers of the St. Louis Dental Society, December IG, 1856, and 
 elected its second president in 1857. He was also one of the organ- 
 izers of the Missouri State Dental Association and chairman of the 
 meeting of organization, October 31, 1865. 
 
 He was a member of the American Dental Association, the Mis- 
 sissippi Valley Society of Dental Surgeons, the American Dental Con- 
 vention, the American Dental Association, and the New Orleans Acad- 
 emy of Sciences. 
 
 In 1849 he had a severe bronchial attack followed by hemorrhages. 
 His physicians informed him his only hope to prolong life was to re- 
 move to a southern climate. He turned his St. Ix)uis practice to Dr. 
 C. H. Spalding, and located at New Orleans in the fall of 1849, to be 
 followed by his family in 1850. Fortune favored him, aad he soon ob- 
 tained a hicrative practice which increased rapidly and continued un- 
 
 20
 
 til the beginning of the Civil War. Previous to his hjcating in Xew 
 Orleans, artificial teeth, t'olil and other dental material were only ob- 
 tainable at a jeweler's establishment; and seeing the need of a dental 
 depot, he opened one — the first in New Orleans. In 1855 he began pub- 
 lishing The Dental Obturator, "A quarterly journal devoted to the 
 Science and Art cf Dentistry," of which he was proprietor, editor and 
 publisher for two years. 
 
 It was mainly through his untiring efforts that the New Orleans 
 Dental College was organized under a charter dated March 1, 18G1, 
 Dr. Clark was Dean and Professor of Theory and Practice. Associated 
 with him in this enterprise were Drs. James S. Knapp, George J. Fred- 
 richs, A. F. McLain and W. S. Chandler. Owing to the turmoil incident 
 to the Civil War, the college was not a success either from an educa- 
 tional or financial standpoint, and ceased to exist until 18G7, when un- 
 der more favorabl ■ circumstances Dr. Clark's co-laborers were more 
 successful. 
 
 Dr. Clark was well and favorably known as a skilled operator, not 
 only in America, but abroad. Dr. Thos. W. Evans, of Paris, appreciat- 
 ing his ability, solicited him to become his associate, assuring him a 
 large practice. This Dr. Clark was compelled to decline on account 
 of ill health. At the beginning of the Civil War, Dr. Clark retired to 
 his summer residence at Magnolia, Miss., where he owned a hotel and 
 a small plantation. Later, owing to the strenuous times, he was com- 
 pelled to abandon his home and with his family become refugees in 
 Columbus, Ga., where he opened an office, scon having all the work 
 he could do. Here he remained until the close of the war, when he 
 returned to New Orleans, broken in health and fortune, only to remain 
 a short while, returning to his old home in St. Louis in 1865, where 
 he resumed practice until his death the following year. In 1855, while 
 warming some wax for an impression in his laboratory in New Or- 
 leans, the lamp exploded, igniting his clothing and severely burning 
 him. This accident was the ultimate cause of his death, which oc- 
 curred at St. Louis, November 29, 1866. He was buried in Bellefontaine 
 Cemetery. He was survived by three daughters, who are living at 
 this date. They are: Mrs. M. C. Mason, and Mrs. James Boardman 
 Cable, Long Beach, Miss.' and Mrs. John W. Chandler, Oakland, Cal. 
 The only son of Dr. and Mrs. Clark, Arthur Loring Clark, was killed 
 in the battel of Shiloh. Dr. Clark was the preceptor of the late Dr. 
 Geo. F. Fredrichs, of New- Orleans, who writes of him: "Personally 
 he was a handsome man, of classic features, of gay and cheerful 
 temperament. Open-hearted and benevolent, his hand often lightened 
 his pocket to relieve human suffering. Many a stranded dentist found 
 Clark a friend in need. 
 
 "Though fond of sport, he was temperate in his habits, an excellent 
 shot and good billiard i)layer. He was what is generally termed a 
 
 21
 
 man bom a genius, could turn his hand to write a stanza in a lady's 
 album, a song for a public school celebration, or an article for the 
 morning paper. In mechanics he was just as apt, and proved progres- 
 sive in his profession, ever ready to aid others in the advancement 
 of its science and art. Such a word as secretness, the obliquity ol 
 the profession at large at that time, found no resting place in his 
 mind. Willingly would he impart all he knew to his professional con- 
 freres. and thankfully receive any new idea appertaining to dentistry." 
 
 22
 
 ISAIAH FORBES, D. D. S. 
 
 Isaiah Forbes was born in Albany, New York, March 25, 1810. He 
 was the son of Nathaniel and Ruth Lymau Forbes, his mother being 
 a member of the well-known Lyman family of Connecticut. His fa- 
 ther was an architect. Owing to business reverses he was able to give 
 his son only a public school education. 
 
 Young Forbes was a school teacher in early life. In 1830 he went 
 to New York City and was engaged in clerical work. Soon after he 
 went to Buffalo, where he remained two 3-ears, he then began the study of 
 Dentistry with I)rs. Ambler and Kingsbury, 3 Park Place, New York City, 
 and worked so assiduously that he was able to begin practice a year later. 
 
 Dr. Forbes opened a neat office and started fairly well for a be- 
 ginner. He gathered what books he could at that time on Dentistry, 
 and put in all his odd moments in study. Upon being called away 
 from the city to attend the funeral of his sister, he left a friend to 
 care for his practice. During Dr. Forbes' absence this friend sold out 
 everything — instruments, furniture, etc. — and absconded with the pro- 
 ceeds. The loss of the instruments was especially exasperating to 
 Dr. Forbes, who, being left-handed, had made to order many for his 
 special convenience. Nothing daunted. Dr. Forbes began anew and 
 again secured an outfit. 
 
 Exclusiveness and secrecy prevailed at that time among the pro- 
 fession, and the dental student was indebted as much to his ingenuity 
 and cleverness as to the advantage afforded by his instructors for the 
 knowledge gained of his specialty. 
 
 He came to St. Louis in 1837; the pc)])ulation was then eight thousand. 
 He found only ten practicing dentists. Among them Drs. B. B. Brown 
 and Edward Hale, Sr., were the leading men. In less than three years 
 the ten were reduced, from want of patronage, to Drs. Hale, Brown, 
 
 23
 
 and Forbes, who remained the foremost in the profession, until in 
 1849 the California gold fever influenced Dr. Brown to depart for the 
 Pacific slope, leaving Drs. Hale and Forbes the veteran dentists. 
 
 When Dr. Forbes came to St. Louis, Second, Street was the fash- 
 ionable thoroughfare, and on this street he established his first office 
 at Second and Vine Streets, where, from the first, by his skill, he soon 
 commanded a good practice. In 1849 he gave up Dentistrj- and went 
 into the milling business for two years. Owung to business reverses he 
 lost all he owned, and .he again took up his professional work and 
 repaid his outstanding obligations. 
 
 Dr. Forbes was one of the sturdy, progressive kind of men, who, 
 by perseverance and energy, helped advance Dentistry in this section 
 of the West. He w-as a natural bom leader, of dignity and ability, and 
 was identified with nearly all beneficent and progressive efforts of the 
 profession for a period of forty-six years. 
 
 He was one of the leaders in the movement for the organization 
 of the St. Louis Dental Society. The preliminary meeting was held 
 December 9, 1856, when a constitution and by-laws were adopted, and 
 on the sixteenth of the same month the election of officers was held 
 at the office of Drs. S. Dunham and E. Hale, Sr. Dr. Dunham was 
 elected president and Dr. Forbes was elected a member of the Execu- 
 tive Committee. In 1867 Dr. Forbes was elected president of the so- 
 cietj-. The regular meetings were held at the offices of the members, 
 and were followed by a supper. 
 
 Dr. Forbes proved an enthusiastic dental society worker. He at- 
 tended the second annual meeting of the American Dental Convention, 
 1856, and in 1858 was elected president of the convention. 
 
 In 1873 Dr. Forbes was first vice-president of the American Dental 
 Association at St. Louis, October 31, 1865, and was elected correspond- 
 ing secretary at its second annual meeting, 1866, and treasurer in 1867. 
 
 In the organization of the Missouri Dental College, 1866, Dr. Forbes 
 was actively interested, and was elected the first president of the 
 Board of Trustees, a position he held for fifteen years. He was Pro- 
 fessor of Surgical and Operative Dentistry from 1875 to 1877, when he 
 became Emeritus Professor of the Institutes of Dental Science. He 
 received the honorary degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery from the 
 Ohio College of Dental Surgery in 1850. 
 
 In 185S the American Dental Review (quarterly) was established 
 by the A. M. Leslie Dental and Surgical Depot. It was edited by Drs. 
 C. W. Spalding, Isaiah Forbes, and H. E. Peebles. This journal con- 
 tinued until 1863. 
 
 In 1SG3 the Mi.'-souri Dental Journal was organized; tlie first num- 
 ber ai)peared January, 1869. Dr. Forbes was one of its founders. 
 
 In 1838 Dr. Forbes constructed along original lines a dental chair 
 whifli showed remarkable inventive ability. He was an expert oper- 
 
 24
 
 ator, especially excelling in the inanipulatiui of non -cohesive gold- 
 foil, and invented a number of useful oi)erating instruments, among 
 them the Forbes gouge, uied for oi:ening into molar pulp chambers 
 and for immediate pulp extirpation; of these there were six or seven 
 sizes; a set of plug finishing files, which were used universally in fin- 
 ishing fillings; a separate file carrier, and also a tape carrier and 
 polisher, on which various grits for polishing fillings were placed, 
 that period being before the introduction of sandpaper disks and strips. 
 
 He was above the narrowness and secrecy that retarded dental 
 progress at that period, and one of the first, if not the first in St. 
 Louis to tutor students in his office. Among his students were Sol. 
 Horine and Charles Knower. He used his influence to promote a wide 
 interchange of opinions and experience between dentists of different 
 cities, giving the younger men every opportunity to profit by the work 
 and progress of the older men. 
 
 Dr. Forbes was equally as active in secret society as he was in 
 dental society work. He stood high in the Masonic and Odd Fellows 
 circles, and held the highest subordinate offices in both. He was mas- 
 ter of Missouri Lodge, No. 1, A. F. and A. M., 1850. 
 
 Dr. Forbes was initiated in St. Louis Lodge, No. 5, I. O. O. F.. in 
 1841 or 1842, was admitted to Grand Lodge of Missouri, Apiil 24, 1844, 
 elected conductor of the same January 22, 1845, and was made grand 
 representative to Grand Lods.e of the United States and attended the 
 session of that body at Baltimore in J 845. He was elected deputy 
 grand master Missouri Giand Lodge, January 28, 1846, withdrew from 
 St. Louis Lodge, No. 5, to assist in organizing Excelsior Lodge, No. IS, 
 which was instituted September 9. 184G. He was first Noble Grand of 
 No. 18 and afterwards treasurer of the lodge for a number of years. 
 He retained his membershii) till the day of his death, and was buried 
 with the honors of the order. He was made grand master of Missouri, 
 October 18, 1851, having on previous occasions declined the honor in 
 favor of some of his friends, and was grand patriarch of the Encamp- 
 ment Branch of Odd Ft'llowship, 1849. He was at all times ready to 
 respond to any demands for his services in behalf of the order, and 
 received all the honors the order could give him in the State. 
 
 In public and civic affairs he was one of the foremost citizens of 
 St. Louis. At one time he was nominated for mayor, but declined the 
 nomination. He was always interested in educational work, and had 
 some experience in such matters in the public school systems of New 
 York State. His name was a household word in St. Louis School 
 Board, of which he was the practical founder. He was a member of 
 the School Board for fifteen years, and it was largely through his 
 influence that a high school was built. Mr. Carlos Greely, Mr. George 
 Partridge and Dr. Forbes were appointed a committee to choose the 
 location for the first St. Louis high school. He also used his influence 
 
 25
 
 while a director of the School Board to make the salaries of women 
 teachers more in proportion to those paid men. He was president of 
 the board for two terms, 1854-55, and was chairman of the teachers' 
 committee all the years he served except when he was president. He 
 was one of the founders of the St. Louis Academy of Science and the 
 St. Louis Historical Society, and a member of the Society for the Ad- 
 vance ment of Science. Under Mayor MuUanphy's administration he 
 served on the Board of Aldermen, and personally supervised the build- 
 ing of the City Hospital. Dr. Forbes was one of the well-known pub- 
 lic spirited citizens of St. Louis, having friends in every walk of life, 
 and for years dentist to a number of Catholic institutions of St. Louis. 
 
 He was a great reader, thoroughly posted on the most diverse 
 subjects, and an encyclopedia of general knowledge. Theoretically 
 he was a fine musician, possessing a good baritone voice, and sang 
 for years in the Walnut Street Cathedral. He was one of the founders 
 and a guarantor of the old Philharmonic Society, which was the prom- 
 inent musical organization of the day. 
 
 Dr. Forbes contributed several interesting professional papers. 
 These were published in the early volumes of the Missouri Dental 
 Journal and the Dental Register of the West. 
 
 He was married February, 1847, by Bishop Hawkes to Miss Cor- 
 nelia Staars, of Weston, Missouri, a descendant of one of the old New 
 York Knickerbocker families. She died February 16, 1891. To them 
 were born six children, viz.: Daisy, Anna (Mrs. .J. H. Brookmire), 
 Governeur Morris, John B., Cora B., and Isaiah, Jr. 
 
 Dr. Forbes died of senility July 15, 1885, and was buried in Belle- 
 fontaine Cemetery. Funeral services were conducted at Dr. Forbes's 
 residence by his old friend. Rev. Trueman Post, and the Odd Fellows 
 services at the grave were conducted by Dr. Forbes's former associate, 
 Dr. George A. Bowman. 
 
 His hospitable home was always open to his friends; he and his 
 loyal wife often entertained visiting dentists. He was devoted to 
 his professional work and for many years firmly upheld the honor 
 ard interests of St. Louis Dentistry, keeping in touch with new in- 
 ventions and new methods. He greatly aided in the advancement of 
 the profession and he was ever willing to impart and equally anxious 
 to receive knowledge as a student. He traveled many miles attend- 
 ing dental meetings and was the recipient of high honors and the 
 rt I'lesentative man in St. Louis Dentistry of his day. In 1860-07 Dr. 
 Forbes made a tour of Europe, visiting the principal cities and form- 
 ing the acquaintance of the loading dontists abroad who showed him 
 marked attention. 
 
 His kindness and helpfulness toward the young men in tlie pro- 
 fession was proverbial. He was respected by young nnd old. His 
 
 26
 
 honor was unimpeachable, and his standing as a typical professional 
 man and citlaen of the old school \ver(> of the highest order. 
 Of him may be truly quoted: 
 
 •'And so he bore without abuse 
 The grand old name of Gentleman." 
 
 27
 
 ANDREW MACBETH LESLIE, D. D. S. 
 
 Andrew Macbeth Leslie was born in 1S15 at Edinburgh, Scotland. 
 He was the son of John and Margret Scott Leslie, both natives of the 
 village of Stromnest, Orkney Islands. Andrew and his brother, James 
 Leslie (who died February 9, 1905, at Cincinnati, where for many years 
 he was prominent as a dental dealer and manufacturer of gold foils), 
 were both educated in Edinburgh, where their parents resided, their 
 father being a straw bonnet maker of that city. In 1834 the boys came 
 to America with their mother, locating in New York City. Soon after 
 Andrew became an apprentice of Joseph Haynes, a pioneer gold beater 
 of New York City, and began working at this trade in New York City 
 to support the familj', his father having died in his youth. Soon after 
 this they became acquainted with the Parmly family, who were all 
 prominent pioneer dentists. Dr. Eleazer Parmly was their special 
 friend and their Sunday-School teacher, and greatly encouraged them, 
 not only by using their gold exclusively, but also by much encouraging 
 advice. 
 
 In 1837 Andrew began business on his own account in New York 
 City, and taught the business to his brother, James. In 1838 the Les- 
 lie boys moved to Cincinnati and became the pioneer gold beaters of 
 the entire western country, their foils being recognized as the best 
 obtainable, and very "cohesive." Prior to this there were only two 
 standard foils on the market, i. e., the product of Joseph Haynes, of 
 New York, and Marcus Bull of Philadelphia. James Leslie claimed to 
 be the first to discover the cohesive i)roperties of gold foil in 1839. 
 A number of others, however, such as W. H. Dwinelle, Amos Westcott, 
 and Robert Arthur, also made similar claims. 
 
 However, Andrew M. Leslie says, in The American Journal of 
 Dental Science, Vol. V. page 239, regarding the welding properties of 
 
 28
 
 glod foil, "we must claim to having, in 1854, first brought before the 
 profession the fact that gold in a cold state would weld." At the 
 annual meeting of the Mississippi Valley Association of Dental Sur- 
 geons Dr. James Taylor speaks of using the adhesive foil made by 
 James Leslie of Cincinnati. He also showed a finger ring made by 
 A. M. Leslie, from scraps of his adhesive foil, without melting or 
 soldering the same together. These pieces of foil were held together 
 by the adhesive property alone in the gold, the ring having been con- 
 stantly worn for one year. A. M. Leslie also alludes to his brother and 
 himself as the discoverer of the adhesive property of gold foil, in a 
 paper entitled "A Report of Dental Progress," published in The Amer- 
 ican Dental Journal, Vol. V, page 239, 1S55. 
 
 In 1842 Andrew entered actively into the study of Dentistry. In 
 1S45 Dr. James Taylor and his associates organized the Ohio College 
 of Dental Surgery and Andrew matriculated the first year of the col- 
 lege's existence, from which institution he received his degree of 
 D. D. S., in 1847. Andrew Leslie was ever an earnest student, es- 
 pecially so during his college course; he smuggled a skeleton into the 
 garret of his home and spent his evenings in assiduously going over 
 his anatomy and physiology. After he graduated he immediately 
 opened an office in Cincinnati, where he had a reputation as a skillful 
 dentist. Following his graduation he was appointed demonstrator of 
 mechanical Dentistry and Metallurgy, in recognition of his skill and 
 knowledge in that subject. He held this appointment until 1850, when 
 he was appointed professor of Mechanical Dentistry and Metallurgy. 
 
 In 1853 after he had been practicing for twelve years, he became 
 subject to attacks of severe headaches so that he had to give up prac- 
 tice for weeks, and he decided that he must change his daily toil for 
 something more active. He made a visit to St. Louis and met with 
 a genial group of eminent dentists. They were freer from that dis- 
 trust and those small suspicions that prevailed so much among dentists 
 fifty years ago. He met with such men as Forbes, Spalding, Clark, 
 Peebles, Judd, Barron, Morrison, McKellops, Comstock and Park. They 
 took an interest in him and bid him welcome to their midst, and his 
 desire for some change suggesting to him to come to St. Louis and 
 open a dental depot. 
 
 He finally located in St. Louis in 1856, where he established the 
 first dental depot west of the Mississippi River; it was called the 
 Mississippi Valley Dental Depot, and was the predecessor of the pres- 
 ent St. Louis Dental Manufacturing Co. Dr. Leslie was instrumental 
 in materially developing and advancing Dentistry in that section. Al- 
 though a manufacturer and dealer, he lost none of his love for the pro- 
 fession or his sympathy for its practitioners, and materially aided in 
 elevating and educating its members. He w-as a man of active and 
 vigorous mind and indomitable energj-, which aided him materially in 
 
 29
 
 accomplishing many things he tried. He made for himself a reputa- 
 tion as organizer. He was active in the organization of the St. Louis 
 Dental Society and was elected its first secretary. The preliminary 
 meeting of the organization was held December 11, 1856. The so- 
 ciety met the first Tuesday in each month at 79 Market Street (be- 
 tween Third and Fourth Streets), over Dr. Leslie's dental depot, where 
 rooms were rented and furnished. 
 
 At those early meetings they had the diagram of a jaw with the 
 teeth and in every tooth a cavity or two; and each member was re- 
 quested to demonstrate just how he would fill it. To record their 
 views it was suggested that a dental journal be issued, recording their 
 opinion and methods of operating. 
 
 Dr. Leslie was also active in the organization of the Missouri 
 State Dental Association, Oct. 31, 1865, and was elected the first treas- 
 urer of the association. It was upon Leslie's motion at its second 
 meeting that a committee was appointed to organize a dental college 
 from which eventually resulted the organization of the Missouri 
 Dental College, organized September 24, 1866. At this meeting Dr. 
 Leslie was made chairman of a committee, consisting of Drs. Corn- 
 stock, Eames, McCoy and Anderson, appointed to take in considera- 
 tion the subject of dental legislative enactments relative to the pro- 
 tection of the public and profession against quackery. Besides being 
 active in the St. Louis society and Missouri State Dental Association, 
 Dr. Leslie, before his coming to St. Louis, was active in the Mississippi 
 Valley Association of Dental Surgeons, of which he was one of the 
 organizers in 1844. He was the third vice-president in 1848-50, and 
 he was recording secretary of this Association in 1852-53-54-55. Be- 
 fore this association he read a number of very valuable essays, prin- 
 cipally on metallurgy, mechanical Dentistry and gold foils for filling. 
 He had a thorough experimental knowledge of metals and was one of 
 the authorities of the country on that subject. 
 
 When in practice he desired if possible to have a gold plate on 
 which he could use pure gold as a solder, instead of the common 
 article then and still used on gold work. To do this he alloyed his 
 plate with a small quantity of platinum, thereby increasing the melt- 
 ing point of the plate above that of pure gold, and it was a success, 
 and in those days of gold plate work the plates were much cleaner 
 in the mouth. His only objection was that the plates had a slight 
 bluish tinge. He invented a number of dental instruments of value 
 and improved a number then in use, one of special value, the Leslie 
 wisdom tooth forcep. 
 
 Prior to his coming to St. Louis he had some editorial experience 
 as he was appointed one of the editing committee of The Dental 
 Register of the West, succeeding Dr. B. B. Brown, of St. Louis, on 
 that committee. This journal at this time was published by the 
 
 30
 
 Mississippi Valley Association of Dental Surgeons, and edited by Drs. 
 Jonathan Taft and George Watt. After locating in St. Louis Dr. Les- 
 lie took up( II himself the responsibility of publisher and editor of 
 The American Dental Review, issued quarterly, and sent forth the 
 first number February 7, 1858. It soon had a reasonably large circu- 
 lation. 
 
 It was in.structive to the profession at large and soon became pop- 
 ular. It was replete with valuable matter, reviews and theories that 
 appeared new, being one of the first to honor a good thing, and ex- 
 posing all shams. Dr. Leslie loved to honor any man that gave the 
 profession a new or good improvement. 
 
 This sense of justice was acute in this phase of his dental ethics. 
 His paptrs on metallurgy and one on mechanical Dentistry under the 
 nom-de-plume of "Baron Von Hiem" are full of valuable instruction 
 even for twentieth century professional teachers. 
 
 Owing to the trying times of war in 1860 he gave up the publication of 
 The American Dental Review, but would issue a paper occasionally. The 
 Missouri Dental College, chartered September 16, 1866, was organized 
 partly through the active efforts of Dr. Leslie, who was one of the in- 
 corporators to whom the charter was granted. He was a member 
 and secretary of the first Board of Trustees, and one of the most 
 earnest advocates of the institution in its infancy. 
 
 Andrew^ M. Leslie was married to Miss Mary Andrews of New 
 York, May 17, 1838. To them were born nine children, Mary Scott 
 (who married Dr. Chas. Knower, a dental practitioner of St. Louis), 
 Andrew M. Leslie, Edwin Goldsmith Leslie, Arthur .lames Leslie, and 
 Ada Byron (now Mrs. William Keating), and Katy, and three who 
 died in infancy. A. M. Leslie believed he had a mission on earth, 
 that of doing and bettering the calling he spent his life In improving. 
 He was quiet in his disposition and taste, charitable to an extreme 
 and a very religious man. He died of cholera at Memphis, Tenn., 
 where he had gone to close up a branch of his dental depot, November 
 30, 1865, aged 50 years. His death was a shock to his friends and 
 family, and most kindly did the profession meet in St. Louis express- 
 ing their deep sorrow on the death of their "beloved Leslie." He was 
 buried in Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati. 
 
 31
 
 HENRY BARRON, D. D. S. 
 Henry Barron was born November 7, 1820, in Bladensburg, Mary- 
 land, and died January 12, 1883, In Webster Groves, Missouri. He 
 was the fourth son of Zachariah and Annie Ogle (Miliken) Barron. 
 His mother was a great-gi-anddaughter of Samuel Ogle, a colonial 
 governor of Maryland from 1732 to 1743 and from 1747 until his death 
 in 1751. Samuel Ogle's sou, Benjamin, was also governor of Mary- 
 land after it became a State of the Union. Dr. Barron's early life 
 was spent in Maryland, where he attended a private subscription col- 
 lege. At the age of 17 he came West with his parents and located 
 in St. Louis County, near the present town of Clayton. He attended 
 Marion College, at Palmyra, Missouri. Completing his academic edu- 
 cation, he engaged in agricultural pursuits in St. Louis County. At 
 the age of 23 he went to Washington, D. C, where he engaged in 
 commercial business, and later studied Dentistry, scon after he re- 
 turned to St. Louis, where he was married, June 15, 1S47, to Miss Eliza- 
 beth Sarah ilcCutchen. They went to Washington, where Dr. Barron 
 practiced for two years, when he removed to St. Louis and practiced 
 until his death, and was an active worker in the St. Louis Dental So- 
 ciety, of which he was president in 1SG4, and equally active in the or- 
 ganization of the Missouri State Dental Association, of which he was 
 a charter member. He was second vice-i)resident at the fourth an- 
 nual meeting. He was president of the Western Dental Association 
 in ISCO-Cl. During the Civil War he was a strong Southern sym- 
 pathizer and did not hesitate to give expression to his sentiments. He 
 was an elder in the Presbyterian Church, but his feelings were in 
 conflict with those of the pastor, Rev. James Page, at whose instance 
 Dr. Barron and other prominent citizens were placed under arrest. 
 Nothing serious came of this, however. Dr. Barron was raised in the 
 WTiig school of politics, but later became a stanch De.aiocrat. He 
 had a large practice, and was a man of much magnetism and very 
 popular with his patients and the profession. 
 
 32
 
 ELEAZER HOVEY. 
 
 Eleazer Hovey was born in Trenton, Oneida County, New York, 
 September 23, iS16. He was the son of Eleazer and Sybyl (Coburn) 
 Hovey. They moved to Indiana in 1S20, where his father died. In 
 1826 his mother moved to the northeastern portion of Ohio. Dr. Hovey 
 received his education at the common school. He went to Texas 
 County, ^Missouri, in 1840, and worked at the millwright's trade for ten 
 years. He studied dentistry with Dr. J. A. Nattrass, of Springfield, 
 Missouri, and afterwards studied medicine, and practiced them in con- 
 junction at Buffalo, Dallas County, Missouri. He soon abandoned 
 medicine and made Dentistry his specialty. He went back to Ohio 
 and remained a few months in 1850, but soon returned to Missouri, 
 and entered into partnership with his old preceptor. Dr. Nattrass, at 
 Buffalo, Missouri. He practiced until the war commenced and was 
 elected lieutenant colonel of a regiment of Home Guards raised in 
 Dallas County. He went to Springfield in 1SG2, and his family fol- 
 lowed in ISGo. He was a charter member and one of the organizers 
 of the Missouri State Dental Association, and much in evidence in 
 the discussion of all subjects presented at the first meeting of the 
 association in 1865, and one of its first appointed delegates to the 
 American Dental Association. The doctor was well posted in his 
 profession, and was at one time offered a chair in the Missouri Dental 
 College. He practiced his profession in Springfield until the war 
 closed, then, on account of failing health, he sold out to his partner, 
 Dr. Nattrass, and returned to his home in Dallas County. He lived 
 there for fourteen years, and went back to Springfield in 1880. He 
 married the first time in 1836 in Ohio to ]Miss Evelina Abell. They 
 had two children, Mrs. Julia A. H. Colby and Mrs. Ellen A. Lewey. 
 His first wife died on a steamboat at Louisville, on their way back 
 to Ohio, and was buried at that city. In 1848 he was married 
 to Miss Caroline E. Penniman, of Ohio. By her he had three 
 children, viz.: Eva Celestia Roundtree, Romeo Hamlet and Charles 
 Eugene. He died April 19, 1898, at his home at Springfield, Mo. 
 
 33
 
 ISAAC COMSTOCK, D. D. S. 
 
 Isaac Comstock was born in 1813, in Wasliington County, New Yorlt. 
 He came to St. Louis and studied Dentistry with Dr. S. Dunham, who 
 was a pioneer St. Louis dentist. He received the D. D. S. degree from 
 the Missouri Dental College at its first commencement exercises, 1867. 
 Dr. Comstock was one of the charter members of the Missouri State 
 Dental Association and a member of the committee that drafted the 
 first constitution and by-laws, and took a prominent part in the dis- 
 cussions at the early meetings. 
 
 Dr. Comstock was president of the St. Louis Dental Society in 
 1863. He was a very modest man, of a. retiring disposition, and al- 
 though an active attendant at the local and State meetings, in early 
 days, did not take a prominent part. He was a skillful operator of 
 an ingenious turn, and invented what is believed the first rubber-dam 
 clamp, which is, although a very cumbersome pattern compared with 
 those now in use, a very ingenious one. Two of the originals are now 
 in St. Louis, in the possession of Dr. Bowman and Dr. Fuller. 
 
 Dr. Comstock died November 27, 1876. He left a wife and one 
 -child. 
 
 34
 
 HEZEKIAH ELLIS DEPP. 
 
 Hezekiah Ellis Depp, son rf John and Mary Depp, was born Sep- 
 tember 11, 1S29, at Glasgow, Barren County, Kentucky. His father was 
 a wholesale merchant. Dr. Depp received his early education in Ken- 
 tucky, and became interested in Dentistry through association with 
 a Dr. Blanchard, of Boston, who married his oldest sister. In March, 
 1859, he began the study cf his profession with Dr. H. E. Peebles, at 
 the southeast corner of Eighth and Olive Streets, St. Louis. He was 
 present at the meeting of organization, was a member of the first com- 
 mittee on constitution and by-laws of this association, and first vice- 
 president at the fifth annual meeting. He was active in promoting 
 the Missouri Dental Journal. He practiced at St. Louis, Clinton, War- 
 rensburg and Sedalia, dying at the latter city. He was gifted with a 
 superior talent, and invented numerous fuel-saving devices for steam 
 and air engines. He was married on October 28, 1852, to Miss Eliza- 
 beth Sweeney, of Danville, Kentucky. The children by this marriage 
 were Olivia May (now Mrs. J. E. Ritchey, of Sedalia), Walter Chap- 
 man (deceased), Leon Oglesby, of Hosington, Kan., and John Depp, 
 of St. Louis. His second marriage was to Miss Margaret L. Stephens, 
 of Booneville, Mo., on October 11, 18C6. They had no children. 
 
 35
 
 PROMINENT MEMBERS
 
 GREEN VARDIMAN BLACK, M. D., D. D. S., Sc. D., LL. D. 
 
 A banquet given Januarj' 15, 1907, by the St. Louis Society of 
 Dental Science, in honor of Dr. Black, was the expression of the es- 
 teem and appreciation this society has for a man whose long and use- 
 ful career has been devoted to Dentistry. The profession throughout 
 the world hold Dr. Black in the highest esteem, and are his debtors 
 for his many scientiiic contributions. Yet few know much of the per- 
 sonal side of his busy life. This sketch is prepared with the object 
 of enlightening the profession as to "the other side" of the life of one 
 of our greatest benefactors. 
 
 Green Vardiman Black was born near Winchester, Scott County, 
 Illinois, August 3, 18oG, the son of William and Mary S. (Vaughn) 
 Black, grandson of Thomas Gillespie Black, and a great-grandson of 
 Captain William Black. The last named ancestor was a captain of 
 the militia in North Carolina just before the Mecklenburg Rebellion, 
 and one of the first officers who refused to take the oath of allegiance to 
 the British Crown. Capt. William Black, who married a Miss Beard, 
 lived in Rockingham County, North Carolina, and died at the begin- 
 ning of the Revolutionary War. His son, T. G. Black, married Polly 
 Callahan, was born in Milledgeville, Georgia, January, 1772, and died 
 at Milledgeville, November 20, 1823. He served as captain under Gen- 
 eral Jackson in the Seminole War. His son, William, was born in 
 Milledgeville, January 13, 179(j. In 1825 he went to Tennessee and 
 there married Mary S. Vaughn, whence they moved to Scott County, 
 Illinois, about 1834. He was a cabinet maker by trade and also fol- 
 lowed farming. He moved from Scott County to what is now Cass 
 County, Illinois, about 1844, settling on a farm seven miles southeast 
 of Virginia, Illinois, where four of his sons resided. He and his wife 
 are buried in the family burying ground in Cass County. 
 
 37
 
 G. V. Black was reared on the farm and had a very limited coun- 
 try schooling, attending school a few months of several winters. He 
 was, however, an apt student and tireless reader, and developed his 
 own mind largely in the school of Nature. Dr. Black beautifully de- 
 scribed his early boyhood, at the banquet given in his honor in St. Louis, 
 in the following words : 
 
 "My thoughts recur to-night to the boy as I remember him fifty- 
 three years ago in the old home, very slight and frail in health, so 
 much so that he was not expected to do the usual work of boys of 
 his ago. He roamed the prairies and the forests adjoining each other 
 at his home, often with the rifle, oftener without it, and came rapidly 
 to know every bird and every animal of the region, how they built 
 their nests, how they fed, how the lived and their apparent relations 
 to each other. It was a world of the richest interest, teeming with 
 life in its varied forms and filled with the varied struggles for con- 
 tinued existence. Those who watched could not understand why the 
 boy should examine all of these things so intently; neither could he 
 explain further than to say that he loved these birds, these animals, 
 these prairies and the deep woods. Little did the boy think then of 
 the part he should play in the world of science and in Dentistry. Al- 
 most as unconscious of any special merit or aptness as when he ex- 
 amined the birds and the animals, yes, and the reptiles, too, so many 
 years ago, the man has since followed the work beg«n in the frontier 
 settlement." 
 
 At the age of seventeen he made his home at Clayton, Illinois, 
 with his brother. Dr. Thomas G. Black, who was a lieutenant-colonel 
 in the Civil War and twice a member of the Illinois Legislature. With 
 him G. V. Black read medicine, and during that time for a while acted 
 as postmaster. At the age of twenty-one he began the study of 
 Dentistry at Mount Sterling, Illinois, with Dr. J. C. Spear, and after 
 one year established, in 1857, a dental office at Winchester, Scott 
 County, where he remained until 1862, studying constantly in the 
 meantime, until he entered the army as a private. During the Civil 
 War, Dr. Black served as a sergeant, but was engaged most of his 
 time on special scouting duty. He was injured in the knee joint and 
 spent six months in the hospital in Louisville, Kentucky. Returning 
 home he came to Jacksonville, Illinois, and opened a dental office 
 there in 1864 where he continued until 1897. At first he applied him- 
 self to the study of chemistry, establishing a complete working labor- 
 atory in connection with his office. He organized a class in chemistry 
 among the public school teachers, which he taught several years, also 
 taking a prominent part in the medical organizations of the city and 
 country. He has become widely known as an author and lecturer on 
 scientific topics pertaining to his profession. His writings have been 
 translated into many languages and are standard authority on the 
 
 38
 
 subjects they (lisci..-;s. His coiitiibiuions to books are, ■'Forniatiun of 
 Poisons by Micro-organisms" (1884), "Periosteum and Peridental Mem- 
 brane" (1887), Litch's American System of Dentistry," Chapters on 
 "General Pathology," "Pathology of the Dental Pulp," "Diseases of the 
 Peridental Membrane," "Abrasion and Erosion of the Teeth" (1SS7), 
 "Anatomy of the Human Teeth" (1891), "Operative Dentistry" and 
 "Technical Procedures in Filling Teeth" (published for several years 
 for school classes, now prepared as a rej^ular text-book. 1908); 
 "Gold Foil" (Illinois State Dental Society, 1869), "Gold Foil" (New 
 York Odontological Society, 1874), "Management of Enamel Margins" 
 (Dental Cosmos, 1891), "Report of Chairman of Committee on Dental 
 Nomenclature, World's Columbian Dental Congress," Chicago (1893), 
 "An Investigation of the Physical Characters of the Human Teeth in 
 Relation to Their Diseases and to Practical Dental Operations, to- 
 gether with the Physical Characters of Filling Materials" (Dental 
 Cosmos, 1895), "Atrophy of the Teeth" (Chicago Odontograp.iical So- 
 ciety, 1905). 
 
 A prominent feature of his writings are the numerous original draw- 
 ings made by the author himself. He has not only been a writer 
 and teacher, but has always been a practical worker and an inventor. 
 He has the distinction of having invented about 1870 and patented the 
 first cord-driven-transmission dental engine, described and illustrated 
 in the Dental Cosmos, 1905. The patent of this was sold to the S. S. 
 White Dental Mfg. Co. The present plans of scientific cavity prepara- 
 tion in teeth and the methods "of correctly inserting and making both 
 gold and amalgam fillings are largely due to Dr. Black's investigations. 
 He has been pre-eminently an original worker. 
 
 Some of his inventions that have made operative Dentistry scientific 
 are as follows: 
 
 An Amalgam Micrometer for measuring shrinkage and expansion 
 of plastic filling materials. 
 
 A Combination Dynamometer and Micrometer for determining the 
 strength and amount of yielding of substances under pressure and the 
 flow of amalgam. 
 
 The Phago-dynamometer for measuring the crushing strength re- 
 quired for various fillings. 
 
 The Gnatho-dynamometer for measuring the force of the bite. 
 
 The Manu-dynaniometer for testing finger power in the use of 
 instruments. 
 
 The Tupto-dynamometer for measuring the force exerted by blows 
 of pluggcrs. 
 
 From 1870 to 1880, Dr. Black lectured on Pathology, both general 
 and dental, in the Missouri Dental College at St. Louis. Subsequently, 
 from 1SS3 to 1889. he was professor of Dental Pathology in the Chicago 
 
 39
 
 College of Dental Sui-g;:ry. After this he was identified with the 
 Dental Department of the Tniversity of Iowa for one year, 1S90, as 
 professor of Dental Pathology and Bacteriology, from which he was 
 called in 1891 to the Northwestern University Dental School as pro- 
 fessor of Operative Dentistry, Dental Pathology and Bacteriology, being 
 afterward made dean of the Dental Department, the position which 
 he now occupies. During the period of his professional labor, he has 
 held the highest offices in the gift of the dental profession. He joined 
 the Missouri State Dertal Association at its second meeting in St. 
 Louis, June 6, 186G. This was his first dental society affiliation and 
 from it and the early Missouri dentists he got much of his early in- 
 spiration. He has been a member cf the Illinois State Dental Society 
 since 18C8. Was voted a life member of this society in 1867; was 
 president 1870-71. To this society he has contributed many papers. He 
 has been a member of the American Dental Association for many years 
 and of the National Dental Association, of which he was president in 
 190C-01. He is also a member of the Chicago Dental Society, of the 
 Odontorraphic Society of Chicago and of the new Chicago Odonto- 
 graphic Society. He was president of the first State Board of Dental 
 Examiners of Illinois in 1881. Was elected a member of the Odonto- 
 grarhic Society of Pennsylvania in 1887. Wag elected corresponding 
 member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in 1877. 
 Elected honorary member of the Microscopical Society of Central Illi- 
 nois, ISSl. Elected corresponding member First District Dental Society 
 of the State of New York, 1886. Chairman of the section on "Etiology, 
 Pathology and Bacteriology," World's Columbian Dental Congress, 
 Chicago, 1893. Was presented with the first fellowship medal by the 
 Dental Society of the State of New York in 1905. Dr. Black is also 
 a member of many other dental and medical societies. 
 
 For ten years he has represented the Northwestern University in 
 the National Association of Dental Faculties, of which he has been pres- 
 ident. He has frequently been invited to address dental organizations 
 in New York, Boston, Philadelphia, St. Louis, and also many other 
 city and State dental societies, and has been the recipient of numerous 
 other honors at the hands of his professional colleagues. In 1877 the 
 Missouri Dental College conferred the honorary degree of D. D. S. upon 
 him. The Chicago Medical College conferred the honorary degree of 
 M. D. upon him in 1884. He received the Sc.D. degree from the Illinois 
 College in 1892. and the LL. D. degree from the Northwestern Uni- 
 ver.sity in 1898. 
 
 Dr. Black is one of the simplest of men in his personal habits and 
 has been truly and entirely given up to professional and scientific study. 
 His method of study is to take up a subject find pursue it to a con- 
 clusion, avoiding, as far as ])GSsible. for the time, other subjects. It 
 
 40
 
 is his habit to become thoroughly imbued and .saturated with the in- 
 vestigation in hand, using every opportunity to talk aljout it with oth- 
 ers, as well as working at it in his library and laboratory. For examide, 
 his early equipment of a chemical laboratory. He organized clas^ses 
 in chemistry among the public school teachers of Jacksonville, and 
 except when occupied at the chair, continually thought and talked 
 chemistry until he had mastered the subject, in fact the underlying 
 motive of his teaching was to perfect his own knowledge. This fol- 
 lowed closely upon a period devoted almost entirely to devising the 
 dental engine and other machinery, and during that period he equipped 
 and maintained a machine shop, and thought only of mechanics. Later 
 he purchased from a German physician, who had no use for it, one of 
 the first microscopes which was brought to .Jacksonville, and for a 
 number of years devoted his time almost exclusively to mlcrosopic 
 study. 
 
 These studies were net confined to dental subjects but covered 
 the whole range of histology and pathology, a subject which he was 
 first inspired to master while a resident of Clayton, Illinois, where he 
 assisted the village physician in treating a typhoid fever epidemic 
 which resulted in thirty deaths. When Dr. Black started on the micro- 
 scopic study of the tissues of the body he recognized the fact that in 
 order for one to properly interpret the sections as seen through the 
 microscope one must be thoroughly familiar with microscopic tec'inic 
 and microscopic interpretation. He therefore became a microscopist 
 in the old-fashioned sense, mounting and studying all sorts of small 
 objects, and in fact all sorts of small things, even to pieces of wood 
 and fossils. He made a very thorough study of spore life, the small 
 animal and plant forms of bacteria found in stagnant ponds of water 
 and ditches. He dissected all sorts of insects and earth worms, large 
 and small. During this time he was often consulted by physicians for 
 microscopic examinations of various sorts. One day while the doctor 
 was working at the chair a physician came in and holding up a little 
 vial said, "'Here is something that I took out of a man's eye to-day and 
 I wish you would examine it and tell me what it is." The doctor did 
 net ttop his operation but said, "All right, give it to the young lady and 
 sto]) in again in a day or two when you are going by." A few days 
 later the physician again appeared and said, from the doorway, "What 
 was ir I left with you the other day?" "Oh," said Dr. Black, "that w-as 
 the first joint of the third leg of a potato bug." "Well." said the physi- 
 cian, "what was tiiere about that to kick up such an inflammation a-; 
 there was in that man's eye?" Dr. Black replied, "There is a gland 
 at the base of the third leg of a potato bug which secretes a poison and 
 there was a part of the gland sticking to the leg. You remember that 
 when we could not get cantharides for blisters we used to go out and 
 get a lot of potato bugs and grind them up. Well, it was the poison 
 
 41
 
 from that gland that did the work, and eo it is no wonder that there 
 was inflammation in the eye." 
 
 It is said Dr. Black went into detailed minutia in all his researches 
 and even dissected and mounted the sexual organs of a fly. During 
 this time he made and preserved a large collection of microscopic 
 slides, illustrating the normal and morbid characteristics of almost 
 every tissue. He wrote a manuscript on house mould, also a complete 
 thesis or treatise on the reproduction of fungi. He also became inter- 
 ested in the study of the grain of various woods, making a study of 
 them on slides with the microscope. He made a series of classifications 
 ol fossilized woods, a subject on which he is an authority. If Dr. Black 
 had had the time to devote to the further pursuit of his studies on 
 plant life, he might have eclipsed Luther Burbank's wonderful achieve- 
 ments. Another great accomplishment of Dr. Black is his aptness in 
 the science of deduction, at which he almost rivals the powers of "Sher- 
 lock Holmes.'' To concentrate his thoughts he resorts to tobacco as 
 did Holmes, only Dr. Black's sedative or stimulant, whichever it may 
 be, is in the shape of black cigars, a hundred and fifty of which, it is 
 said, he consumes each week. With clouds of smoke surrounding him, 
 walking rapidly up and down the room, Dr. Black has worked out many 
 of the difficult scientific problems he has undertaken to master. 
 
 In 1878 he took the examination before the first Illinois State 
 Boaid of Health, and was licensed to practice medicine. 
 
 It has always been his habit to keep some scientific subject on hand 
 for study. These subjects have covered a rather wide range. Among 
 such subjects may be mentioned a study of the cyclones of Illinois, on 
 which he made quite an extensive report to the Weather Department 
 at Washington. The weather is another subject on which he is an 
 authority. He carries a pocket barometer with which he tells weather 
 conditions, etc. 
 
 During the war he was injured while on scout duty and was con- 
 fined for several months in a military hospital at Louisville, and was 
 never able to resume active service. This, with his habit of incessant 
 work and study, seriously injured his health, and for twenty years it 
 has been necessary for him to take a vacation in thc^ summer. For 
 fifteen years of this period he went to Petosky, on Lake Michigan, 
 where he owned a sailboat called "The Microbe." His boat was equipped 
 with water-tight compartments which he filled with provisions and 
 everything necessary for a six weeks' cruise. He slept in his boat and 
 spent the vacation period in exploring the shore and lakes and rivers 
 of the region, making maps of the same. He always came home from 
 the trips greatly refreshed and restored to health. 
 
 A characteristic of his work has been an inability to put it aside 
 even for sleep, and as a result he is always more or less troubled with 
 
 42
 
 insomnia. If the constant pursuit of one subject, to the exclusion of 
 all others till it is mastered, can be called an eccentricity, that is cer- 
 tainly his most prominent one, and if constant application to scientific 
 and professional study, to the exclusion of most other matters, can 
 be called a characteristic, this is certainly a most prominent one. He 
 Is, and has been, a livlns? illustration of that terse definition of gfnius 
 as being an unlimited capacity for hard work, for he has certainly 
 never allowed the difficulties surrounding a task to interfere with its 
 accomplishment. At the same time he has always taken an active 
 interest in municipal, State and national political affairs, reading regu- 
 larly the daily papers for political information, frequently contributing 
 to the newspapers on current topics, and never neglecting to vo'e the 
 Republican ticket. 
 
 The summer of 1906 Dr. Black received an invitation to l)e the 
 guest of the American Dental Society of Europe at its annual meeting 
 held in Berlin in the first week of August. He accepted. 
 
 On this trip Dr. Black visited the dental schools of Berlin, Dresden, 
 Heidelbei'g, Paris, and London for the purpose of studying their facili- 
 ties and methods. He made copious notes and had something to say on 
 the subject in his paper, "The Limitations of Dental Education," which 
 he presented to the Illinois State Dental Society, May 14-17, 1907. 
 
 After leaving Berlin he visited Hamburg, Cologne, Heidelberg, 
 Paris and London, als.o took the trip up the Rhine and spent several 
 days in Switzerland, where he was the recipient of many attentions 
 from American dentists; but from a scientific point of view his trip 
 was made at a bad time of the year, because very few of the prominent 
 dentists were at home; for example, in London, out of twenty promi- 
 nent dentists on whom he would have called, only one was in the city. 
 
 In 1860, Dr. Black was married to Jane L. Coughennower, of 
 Clayton, a daughter of Henry Coughennower, a miller, and Agness 
 Likely. Agness Likely was a daughter of William and Agness Taylor. 
 Probably th§ latter belonged to the same family as President Zachary 
 Taylor. The Taylors were direct descendants of Rollin Taylor, who 
 was burned at the stake in England for heresy. Mrs. Black was born 
 in Griggsville, 111., March 31. 183S, and died in Cass County, 111., Au- 
 gust 26, 18G3. 
 
 At Jacksonville, in ISC.t. he married Elizabeth Akers Davenport, 
 a daughter of Ira and Minerva (Reid) Davenport, and a niece of Peter 
 Akers, a widely known Methodist preacher and circuit rider. Of the 
 first union two children were born, Horace Vaughn, who died in in- 
 fancy, and Carl E. (A. M., M. D.), of Jacksonville. Illinois. To the 
 second union were born Clara, of Chicago, Arthur D. (B. S., D. D. S., 
 M. D.), of Chicago, Assistant Professor Operative Dentistry and As- 
 sistant in Oral Surgery in the Dental Department of the Northwestern 
 
 43
 
 University, and Margaret Olive, wife of Mark Baldwin, of Duluth, 
 Minnesota. 
 
 Dr. Black is a member of the Masonic order. He also was a 
 member for thirty years of the Monday Night Club at Jacksonville, 
 wLich was composed of the thinking people of the city. It is said 
 that for thirty years he never missed a meeting while he was in that 
 city. In his early days, as previously mentioned, he was a crack rifle 
 shot and fisherman. One of his closest friends tells the following story 
 regarding Dr. Black's prowess as a shot: "In the early days, Dr. Black 
 was out in the woods with a number of fellows shooting squirrels. All 
 except Dr. Black had shot guns, yet he was getting much of the larger 
 bar, because he could reach the further with the rifle he carried. 
 Nearing the edge of the wocds a covey of quails started up, and flew 
 into the stubble field. The boys with the shot guns said: 'It is our turn 
 now, we will get our share this time.' It happened that five quails 
 started up singly at sufficient intervals, and each fiew straight away. 
 Dr. Black got the five in succession with his rifle." 
 
 Dr. Black is truly a man of versatile talents and attainments out- 
 side of his profession. Later in life he became interested, and has ex- 
 celled as a chess player, a game at which he is an expert. For a num- 
 ber of years he was leader of the choir, and played a violin in one of the 
 churches. He used to frequently play at home for the ainusement of 
 himself and friends. Those who know him believe him to be the 
 greatest man of this generation in the dental profession in the whole 
 world. Measured by the beneficent influence of his public uttei-ances 
 and based upon the general belief that a greater number of practition- 
 er, have changed their mode of practice for the better in a greater 
 number of ways in consequence of what he has written and demon- 
 strated, as practitioner, teacher, author, artist, and as a man of many 
 and varied versatilities, he may safely be counter! as a benefactor to 
 humanity and as the greatest Scientist known to the annals of the 
 dental profession. 
 
 44
 
 HENRY SEYMOUR CHASE, M. D., D. D. S. 
 
 Henry Seymour Chase, son of Dr. Jarvis and Rhoda Campbell 
 Chase, was born March (J, 1820, at Rockingham, Vermont. His mother 
 ■was a great-granddaughter of the Duke of Lowden of Scotland. His 
 father was an eminent physician and surgeon of the time, and young 
 Henry seemed destined to follow in his father's footsteps. He first 
 began his career, however, before studying medicine, as a clerli. in a 
 general store in Boston. His early religious training was Puritanical. 
 Its austerity jarred on his sensitive feelings. Its restraint in the home 
 circle chafed him. To have more freedom, with the permission of his 
 parents, at the age of twelve years, he went to Boston and found em- 
 ployment in the dry goods store of Allen and Man on Court Street. 
 Edwin Adams, afterward an actor of note, was a fellow clerk. The 
 family with whom he lived were Episcopalians. He attended their church 
 and subsequently united with it, and while living in Iowa became 
 practically the founder and builder of St. James' Episcopal Church at 
 Independence, Iowa, and after his removal to St. Louis, united with 
 Christ's Church Cathedral, and was a member of the vestry for years. 
 Desiring to see the Western country, he made a trip in his early man- 
 hood to the then far West, via the Pennsylvania canal to Pittsburg and 
 by steamboat to St. Louis. From that city he went to Burlington, the 
 capital of Iowa Territory; purchasing a pony, he rode until he came 
 to a home site of his liking, the quarter section he selected now 
 being the center of Tipton, Iowa. His log house was the first civilized 
 habitation of Tipton; soon after the County Commissioners chose Tip- 
 ton as the county seat and began the erection of a courthouse. The 
 Sac and Fox Indians were numerous in that locality at that period. 
 After a year's residence in Iowa he decided to return to New England 
 and study medicine with his father, then residing at New Bedford, 
 
 45
 
 Massachusetts. Following this he attended a course of lectures at the 
 Boston Medical College, and later he finished his course and graduated 
 as M. D., at the Vermont Medical College at Woodstock, Vermont, in 
 1843. While in Boston he became acquainted with a Dr. Fredericks, 
 a successful dental practitioner, from whom he took a private course 
 of instructions. Later he went to Baltimore, where he formed the ac- 
 quaintance of Chapin A. Harris and attended part of one course of 
 lectures at the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, although he did 
 not graduate from this institution. He returned to Woodstock, Ver- 
 mont, where he engaged in the practice of Dentistry. January 1, 1845, 
 he married Miss Sarah Haskell. They resided at Woodstock until 1856, 
 when he again was overcome with the Iowa fever. He spent the en- 
 tire summer of 1856 driving over the northeastern part of Iowa, seek- 
 ing a favorable home site, finally selecting a section, 640 acres, in Bu- 
 chanan County, six miles northeast of Independence, which he bought 
 outright from the government, at $1.25 per acre; on this he built the 
 first frame house in Byron Township. He returned East for his wife 
 and four children. He was greatly interested in agriculture and was 
 president of the County Agriculture Society. His farming did not 
 'prove remunerative and in 1861 he sold his farm and removed to In- 
 dependence, where he established himself in dental practice. Fayette, 
 the county adjoining, having no dentist, he practiced there ten days 
 of each month, dividing his time between the towns of Fayette and 
 West Union. This he continued until the spring of 1865, when, de- 
 siring his children to attend the State University, he removed to Iowa 
 City. He is the one who took the initiative in organizing the Iowa 
 State Dental Society, which met at Muscatine, July, 1863, for organiza- 
 tion, with five charter members. The four following elected themselves 
 to office. Dr. Chase was elected the first president, J. Hartman, vice- 
 president; W. Kulp, corresponding secretary; A. J. McGarvey, record- 
 ing secretary and treasurer. He practiced until 1867 in Iowa City, when 
 he visited St. Louis to read a paper and so impressed the St. Louis men 
 that he was proffered and accepted the chair of Dental Physiology, 
 Hygiene and Operative Dentistry in the Missouri Dental College at 
 St. Louis. Here he removed in 1868 with his family, taking charge of 
 the practice of Dr. C. W. Spalding, who retired temporarily to his 
 farm. This college connection continued until 1874. In 1868 Dr. 
 Chase joined the Missouri State Dental Association and at once took 
 a prominent part in its proceedings, especially in writing and discus- 
 sion of the papers. It was his motion that a committee be appointed 
 to organize a joint stock company to start a dental journal. The first 
 Issue of The Missouri Dental Journal was issued January, 1869, in 
 St. Louis. The editors were: Homer Judd, M. D., D. D. S.; Henry S. 
 Chase, M. D., D. D. S.; W. H. Eames, D. D. S. Dr. Chase continued 
 as editor until 1S78. He was a talented writer and wielded a 
 
 46
 
 marked influence, especially throughout the Western country. As an 
 editor, essayist and dis-cussor of papers, he also held a prominent 
 position. October, 1877, the Western College of Dental Surgeons was 
 organized. Dr. Chase was Professor of Histology, Microscopy and 
 Dental Physiology. November, the same year, a quarterly journal. The 
 St. Louis Dental Quarterly, was fir.st published, with Drs. C. W. S|)ald- 
 inji; and Dr. Chase as editors. This was devoted mainly to e.\])loitinj{ the 
 new school and the "new dei)arture creed." This school, journal 
 and "new departure," naturally had many antagonists at the time and 
 a merry war was made on this combination by the older coni-ervative 
 practitioners. The school and journal continued for a number of 
 years and finally was discontinued. He united with J. Foster Flagg, 
 and S. R. Palmer in jjromulgating the "New Departure creed." For- 
 merly an all-gold advocate and an expert gold operator, he made a 
 series of experiments which led him to believe that plastic filling 
 materials were of great merit in the saving of the human teeth. He 
 was the author of the celebrated "article one" of the creed; i. e., "In 
 proportion as teeth need saving, gold is the worst material to use." 
 These three men dared to stand as advocates for the plastics against 
 almost the entire profession, who at that time contended gold was 
 the only filling with which to save teeth. For his stand on this ques- 
 tion he was expelled from the Missouri State Dental Association. 
 Chase was of a positive and aggressive nature and a seeker for the 
 truth, yet he possessed a kind and gentle disposition and was almost 
 universally known as "Pa" Chase, and among his anti-plastic opponents 
 he was referred to as "Old Putty." This name pleased him and he in- 
 sisted he be called by it. In 18C5 the Ohio College of Dental Surgery 
 conferred the honorary degree of D. D. S. upon him. He was a mem- 
 ber of the American Dental Association and the Southern Dental As- 
 sociation, which he frequently attended as a delegate for the Mis- 
 souri State Dental Association. He w^as president of the St. Louis 
 Dental Society in 1870, and an honorary member of Illinois, Vermont, 
 and Iowa State Dental societies, Northern Ohio Dental Society, New 
 York Odontological Society, and Boston Academy of Science. His 
 spare moments were put in experimenting along scientific lines and 
 with his literary work. He was the author of many papers published 
 in various dental journals, and a small work "Familiar lectures about 
 the teeth," which was published in two editions, and also author of 
 numerous poems published in Arthurs' Home Journal from 1848 to 
 1852. Dr. Chase was by nature a "reformer." From early childhood 
 he was an earnest advocate of temperance and worked zealously for 
 prohibition by legislation. In 1854 his native State enacted a pro- 
 hibitory law. After he had witnessed the effects of this legislation, 
 he said of it, "all moral effort ceased, public sentiment ceased to 
 
 47
 
 grow and the evil did not abate. Tlie trutli gradually dawned on 
 me that no evil dependant upon human passions and appetites can be 
 abolished by law." 
 
 When he was fifteen years old he saw the mob of 5,000 men pur- 
 sue and attempt to lynch Wm. Lloyd Garrison, while on his way to 
 jail in Boston. This incident made a stanch abolitionist of young 
 Chase. 
 
 Dissatisfied with social conditions, he read Henry George's "Prog- 
 ress and Poverty," which harmonized with his views. He became a 
 convert of The George doctrines and an ardent advocate of "the 
 single tax." In 1SS7 he organized The Benton School of Social Science, 
 which met at his home at Benton Station, St. Louis County. The 
 first three years after this school was organized Dr. Chase distributed 
 individually at his own expense, 8,000 single tax tracts, attended 200 
 public meetings, delivered six lectures and wrote 350 letters on the 
 subject. He was a delegate to the First National Single Tax Con- 
 ference at New York, September 1, 1S90. He wrote and published 
 three books on social problems and political economy, i. e., "Letters 
 to Farmers' Sons," "Dignity of Sex," and "A Pack of Fools." Most 
 of his writings on these subjects was done from 1880 to 1896. Re- 
 tiring from practice. Dr. Chase spent his energy in his single tax 
 efforts and his summer vacations at Excelsior on Lake Minnetonka, 
 Minnesota. He purchased a sailboat which he christened "Single 
 Tax," which he kept stocked with literature on that subject, which 
 he distributed to the cottagers and hotel guests. He was truly "a 
 friend of oppressed humanity." Another one of Dr. Chase's hobbies 
 was his ardent belief in plenty of fresh air. He advocated and prac- 
 ticed sleeping out of doors. He also was a vegetarian in belief and 
 in practice. He invented a number of useful dental instruments. He 
 was one of the first to apply and practice the principle of local 
 anaesthesia by tropical application. In 1851, while practicing in Wood- 
 stock, Vermont, he crudely, though painlessly, operated on sensitive 
 dentine, by dipping a lock of wool in ether, placing it in the cavity. 
 The evaporating of the ether producing cold, thus bringing about the 
 obtunding effect. (See Dental News Letter, Vol. IV, page 23). In 
 1895 he and his wife celebrated their golden wedding anniversary. 
 Children born io them were: Drs. Edward C. and Fred B., both St. 
 Louis dental practitioners. Harry, who became famous as a marine 
 artist, Chas. D., James H., George S., Carrie (who died in infancy), 
 and Fannie E., now Mrs. J. D. Lawson, of Columbia, Missouri. Dr. 
 Chase died of pneumonia at his home, "Kumfort Kottage," at Benton 
 Station, St. Louis County, Missouri, .January 11, 1898. His remains 
 were cremated as was his wish and belief, for he was the first avowed 
 advocate of cremation of the dead in St. I^ouis. and organized the as- 
 sociation which built the first crematory in the West. 
 
 48
 
 CHRISTOPHER WATERMAN SPALDING, D. D. S., M. D. 
 
 Christopher Waterman Spalding, son of Loverwell and Susannah 
 Spalding, was born on his father's farm, March 5, 1814, at Centerville, 
 Rhode Island. Here he obtained his early education and worked in 
 a cotton goods factory, until he began the study of Dentistry in 1840, 
 with a Dr. Miles at Ithaca, N. Y. Here he practiced for a short 
 while, then removed to Savannah, Georgia, where he remained until 
 1849, when he located at St. Louis for practice, and soon took front 
 rank as a practitioner, teacher and society devotee. He was a tal- 
 ented writer and impressive speaker. 
 
 Dr. Spalding joined the Missouri State Dental Association June 3, 
 1868, and at once took prominence in the discussion of scientific sub- 
 jects, at which he had marked ability. In 18C9 he was elected one 
 of the trustees of the Missouri Dental College. From the early rec- 
 ords it appears Dr. Spalding allowed his membership to lapse for a 
 few years and again joined the association June 1, 1875. This affilia- 
 tion he continued until his death. He never held an office in the Mis- 
 souri Dental Association. He received the honorary degree of Doctor 
 of Dental Surgery from the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, 1S52, and 
 the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the Homeopathic Medical Col- 
 lege of Missouri, in 1869. He was an ardent advocate of Homeopathic 
 remedies in dental and general disorders. He joined the Mississippi 
 Valley Association of Dental Surgeons, February, 1857, and was elected 
 president of that society the same day. He was the sixth president 
 of the American Dental Association, 1SG5-G6, president of the Western 
 Dental Association, 1879-80. He was one of the founders and presi- 
 dent of the St. Louis Dental Society in 1877. 
 
 Dr. Spalding was one of the organizers of the Western College of 
 Dental Surgeons at St. Louis in 1877, of which he was dean of the 
 
 49
 
 faculty. He was one of the committee on publication of the Mis- 
 souri Dental Journal, when it was organized in. 1869, and editor of 
 this journal, succeeding Dr. Chase, 1878 to 1883, inclusive. He was 
 also editor of the St. Louis Dental Quarterly in conjunction with Dr. 
 H. S. Chase for a- number of years. 
 
 Dr. Spalding was married November 11. 1838, to Miss Cornelia 
 Anna Herb. They had one son, John Holliman Spalding, D. D. S., of 
 Kirkwood, Missouri. Dr. C. W. Spalding died in 1893, and was buried 
 at Riverpoint, Rhode Island. 
 
 50
 
 JOHN JOSEPH RAVENSCROFT PATRICK, D. D. S. 
 
 John Joseph Ravenscroft Patrick was born in Liverpool, England, 
 February 6, 1828, from where, as a boy, he moved with his father's 
 family to Belfast, Ireland. When he was fourteen years of age, his 
 parents, with their family, emigrated to this country, settling first 
 in New Orleans, removing afterwards to Louisville, Kentucky, and 
 again to Keokuk, Iowa, where his father, Dr. Hugh Patrick, a physi- 
 cian, died in 1847. Young Patrick thought at one time of following 
 in- the footsteps of his father, and to this end took a course of lec- 
 tures in McDowell Medical College at St. Louis, but having a decided 
 mechanical turn of mind, and believing that his mechanical ability, 
 which had been developed by an apprenticeship of some years to a 
 jeweler and diamond setter, would be of greater service in the prac- 
 tice of Dentistry, he took up that study in the office of his brother, 
 Dr. Hugh Patrick, and commenced practice in St. Louis about 1850, 
 associated for a time with Dr. McKellops. 
 
 In 1853, Dr. Patrick removed to Belleville, Illinois, where he 
 prosecuted the practice of Dentistry till, in the fall of 1862, he en- 
 listed in the One Hundred and Thirtieth Illinois Infantry, and served 
 with his regiment until its consolidation in January, 1865, with the 
 Seventy-seventh, having in the meantime been promoted to the 
 captaincy of Company G, One Hundred and Thirtieth Illinois Infantry. 
 He went through the siege of Vicksburg and with General Banks' sec- 
 ond expedition up the Teche River, in western Louisiana, and was 
 under General Ranson in Texas, and at the siege of Jackson, where 
 he was wounded, when he resigned from the army, and resumed the 
 practice of Dentistry at Belleville, continuing until his last illness. 
 
 John J. R. Patrick was one of the notable figures in the history 
 of Dentistry of his day and generation. While working earnestly and 
 
 51
 
 faithfully iu the practical field of his chosen profession, he early felt 
 the need of a wider basis of real understanding of the problems which 
 underlie the practice of Dentistry and he toiled incessantly to con- 
 tribute his share to their solution. Perhaps, to his clear exposition 
 of the facts, more than to any one man's efforts, is due the final dis- 
 persion of the myth that dental caries is a disease of modern origin. 
 He showed conclusively by painstaking examination of thousands of 
 prehistoric skulls, which he dug from the mounds surrounding Belle- 
 ville and in Mexico, that the dentures of the ancient races were af- 
 flicted by the same sort of dental decay as are those of the present 
 inhabitants of the world. So conspicuously well had his work in 
 this direction been done that the American Dental Association made 
 him the curator of the great investigation which it set on foot to 
 examine all the available pre-historic crania in America. The work 
 was carried cut under his direction, the final report, iembracing the 
 detailed tabulation of the dental characteristics of many thousands 
 of dentures, having been printed in the Transactions of the Asso- 
 ciation for 1895. 
 
 On the practical side of dentistry Dr. Patrick also did notable 
 work, as attested by a number of useful inventions, with which he 
 enlarged the armamentarium of the dentist. Among these may be 
 mentioned his well-known devices for the regulation of teeth, a sys- 
 tem for crown work, die plate and a swaging press. He was an 
 expert manipulator of gold as a filling material, also in the use of 
 the blow pipe. 
 
 Besides his labors in behalf of his profession. Dr. Patrick's thirst 
 for knowledge led him into other paths. He was a recognized au- 
 thority on ancient dental history and dental archeology, and his work 
 in the departments of general archeology and ethnology made him 
 known to scientific men the world over. He surveyed the great 
 Cahokia mounds in Illinois, and made models of them which are now 
 in the collections of the Smithsonian Institution and other similar 
 institutions in EJurope. He made several large archeological col- 
 lections, the most important of which, together with his original 
 survey drafts of the Cahokia mounds, is now in the possession of the 
 Missouri Historical Society at St. Louis, and known as the "Patrick 
 Cx)llection." Dr. Patrick was also for many years the correspondent 
 for his section on matters relating to ethnology and archeology of 
 the Smithsonian Institution and various similar bodies in Europe. 
 He made a choice collection of Indian potteries, ceremics, war imple- 
 ments, etc. He lectured on Comparative Anatomy at the Missouri 
 Dental College, St. Louis, and the Dental Department of the University 
 of Iowa. He received the honorary degree of D. D. S. from the Mis- 
 souri Dental College. 
 
 In whatever he undertook to do, he was a tireless worker. No 
 
 52
 
 detail was too deeply hidden to be searched out, or so trivial as to 
 be overlooked if it had a possible bearing on the subject under in- 
 vestigation. As is common among men of great ability, he was of 
 modest demeanor, but of positive convictions. He never made up 
 his mind until he had investigated and knew; but when he had 
 reached a conclusion he was ready and able to defend it against all 
 comers or to take the aggressive if that course would better spread 
 the knowledge of truth. He was a ready speaker, a skilled contro- 
 versialist. He i)ul)lishe(l a number of monographs and contribu- 
 tions to dental and other periodicals, and was a prominent character 
 at the principal dental gatherings of the country, where his intimate 
 and positive knowledge of whatever subject he discussed gave to 
 what he had to say a peculiar value and interest. He collected a 
 splendid general and professional library. 
 
 Of genial disposition, unassuming ways and invincible courage, 
 he gained manj' friends. He was both bon-vivant and raconteur, and one 
 of the most congenial and entertaining men at the dental meetings in 
 the old days. 
 
 Dr. Patrick was a member, honorary or active, of many societies, 
 dental and others. Among them the Illinois State Dental Society, of 
 which he had been President; Iowa State Dental Society; Odontologi- 
 cal Society of New York; Missouri State Dental Association, which 
 he joined. 1874; First District Dental Society of the State of New 
 York; Mississippi Valley Association of Dental Surgeons; American 
 Dental Association; St. Clair Medical Association of Illinois; American 
 Ethnological Society of New York, and Anthropological Society of 
 Washington, D. C. He was also a member of the Grand Army of the 
 Republic, and of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United 
 States. 
 
 Dr.' Patrick was twice married, January 5, 1853, at Lebanon, 111., 
 to Miss Jane Johnson, who died, and on March 15, 1895, to Miss Anna 
 Rischar, who survived him. He died at his residence in Belleville, 
 111., April 10, 1S95, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. 
 
 53
 
 JOSEPH FRANCIS HASSELL, D. D. S. 
 
 Joseph Francis Hassell was born ]May 2, 1828, at Charleston, S. 
 C, where he received his early education. He took a classical course 
 at Baltimore and studied dentistry with Dr. John S. Clark at St. Louis, 
 being a fellow apprentice and student with Dr. H. J. McKellops, com- 
 pleting his apprenticeship. He located at Lexington, Mo., 1847, where 
 he practiced continuously until his death, except during the Mexican 
 and Civil Wars. In the former he served under General Donipha!i, 
 in the company of which Dr. H. J. McKellops was captain. Gen. Doni- 
 phan recruited a brigade, and Dr. Hassel, fired with patriotic zeal, de- 
 serted his instrument case and took up the weary march to Mexico in de- 
 fense of his country, serving until the close of the war, when he 
 returned to Lexington to again begin the practice of dentistry, which 
 was uninterrupted until the outbreak of the Civil War, when he en- 
 listed in the Army of the Confederacy. At the close of his enlistment 
 he returned to Lexington, where he practiced until his last illness. He 
 was noted as a most skillful dentist, especially excelling in the manipu- 
 lation of gold foil, and in plate work. At one time Dr. Hassell went 
 from Lexington to a city in Mexico to construct a set of teeth for a 
 wealthy Mexican woman. He traveled the entire distance in the 
 saddle and received for his services one thousand dollars. He wrote a 
 number of articles of merit published in the "Missouri Dental Journal." 
 
 Dr. Hassel attended a course of lectures at the Missouri Dental 
 College, from which he received the D. D. S. degree, 1881. Later, for 
 a short time, he filled a chair as a teacher in the institution, but 
 soon gave it up, as it required too much of his time. 
 
 He invented a lip and cheek retractor, which the subsequent in- 
 troduction of the rubber dam rendered useless. He joined the Mis- 
 souri State Dental Association June 4, 1867, at the third annual meet- 
 ing at St. Louis. At this time he was elected a delegate to the 
 
 54
 
 American Dental Association at Cincinnati the following month. He 
 allowed his membership to lapse until the ninth meeting at St. 
 Joseph, June 3, 1873, when he again united with the association. The 
 same year he was elected first Vice-President of the Association. 
 He was a faithful and earnest man, always skillfully and conscien- 
 tiously performing the duties of his profession. 
 
 Dr. Hassell was married three times, his first two wives living but 
 a short time. The last. Miss Sarah W. Waddell, whom he married 
 October 1, 1856, was the mother of five children, two of whom sur- 
 vive him. He died at Lexington, Mo., April 27, 1901. 
 
 55
 
 RICHARD JOHNSON POORE. 
 
 Richard Johnson Poore, son of William and Mary Ann Poore, 
 was born July 14, 1824, near Jackson, Ohio. His early youth was 
 spent at Covington, Ind. At the age of sixteen years he removed to 
 Iowa City, where he studied medicine and assisted his stepfather. 
 Dr. Jesse Bowin, in practice. He attended two courses of lectures at 
 the Cleveland Medical College. On account of lack of funds he began 
 as a dental student with Dr. Strickland. After a few months' instruc- 
 tion he started as an itinerant. At various times he visited Dr. S. P. 
 Hullihen, a noted pioneer dentist of Wheeling, W. Va., who freely 
 gave him much valuable instruction. In 1854 Dr. Poore located at 
 Richmond, Ky. Here he practiced until 18G4, when he removed to 
 Lexington, Ky., where he practiced two years. In 1868 he located 
 at St. Louis. He joined the Missouri State Dental Association at the 
 fourth annual meeting, St. Louis, June 2, 1868. served as Treasurer, 
 
 1869. He was the only nominee for President of the association in 
 
 1870, but declined the honor. Was Secretary two years of the St. 
 Louis Dental Society, and its President, ISTl, and a member of the 
 Illinois State Dental Society. 
 
 In 1880 Dr. Poore removed to Cincinnati, where he became a mem- 
 ber of the Cincinnati Odontological Society. He read various papers 
 before societies, and was skilled as an operator. He practiced con- 
 tinuously foi- fifty-five years. He has retired and now lives at 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 In 1857 he married Miss Lucy Busby of Richnion:!. Ky. She died 
 and in 1879 he married Mrs. Lutie D. Moore. 
 
 56
 
 / 
 
 HENRY HOWARD KEITH, D. D. S. 
 
 Keiiry Howard Keith, the only son of Amos B. and Katie M. 
 Keith, was born at Salem, Mass., June 14, 1847. He resided in 
 Boston until the beginning of the Civil War, when the family moved 
 to Chicago. After working a short time in a machine shop to learn 
 the use of tools, he was apprenticed to his uncle of New York, who 
 was a jeweler. In 1864 Dr. Keith went to Philadelphia and entered 
 the laboratory of Dr. Charles J. Essig. He made such rapid progress 
 that when Dr. Essig moved his laboratory to Baltimore in 1868 he 
 took Dr. Keith with him, and while there he met Miss Nana L. Ben- 
 teen, whom he afterwards married. After spending about two years 
 in Baltimore he went to Newark, N. J., for a short time. 
 
 He came to St. Louis in February, 1871, and in the fall of the 
 same year opened a laboratory. He was successively with Drs. Morri- 
 son, Eames. Park and McKellops. He attended the Missouri Dental 
 College and graduated while associated with Dr. Park in 1873, and 
 afterwards held positions in the same college in 1875-6 as Dem- 
 onstrator of Mechanical Dentistry, and was Professor of Mechanical 
 Dentistry from 1876 to 1879, inclusive. 
 
 Dr. Keith's talents lay in the direction of plate work, in which 
 he had no superior, though he had a large practice in operative work. 
 His heart was in his profession, and he spared neither time nor pains 
 when engaged in a difficult piece of work, and the greater the dif- 
 ficulties the more he enjoyed overcoming them, in which he seldom 
 failed. As an operator he was equally skilled and was extremely 
 gentle and considerate of his patients. His chief characteristic 
 seemed to be a desire to help the younger members of the profession. 
 His professional callers met with a pleasant welcome from him, and 
 he always did what he could to advance them. His knowledge was 
 given freely, and he was always eager to help or instruct others. His 
 
 57
 
 summers, for seven years before his death, were spent in Asheville, 
 North Carolina, where he had a beautiful home. He also spent his 
 Christmas and Easter vacations there, as the climate greatly benefited 
 him. He died at St. Louis, September, 1898. and was cremated at the 
 St. Louis Crematory, as he desired. His ashes were buried at Riverside 
 Cemetery, Asheville. 
 
 As an instructor he was one of the few men who seemed capable 
 of imparting his knowledge so that the one instructed could not fail 
 to grasp the ideas of the master mind. He was a member of a Sketch 
 Club and well versed in photography. For that reason he was an adept 
 in illustrating his subject. His office was a study in itself for neat- 
 ness, convenience and all that was new in modern dentistry. His 
 laboratory was equal to that of his office. He was considered one of 
 the best continuous gum workers in the country. All his work in 
 this particular line had the finish of a master artist. 
 
 He was a man who was continually striving to accomplish some- 
 thing that would advance his profession. He was an active member 
 of both State and local societies; of the latter he served four years 
 as Recording Secretary, and in 1882 was the President, and no bet- 
 ter drawing card could be announced than the mere statement that 
 Dr. Keith would either read a paper or give a talk on some dental 
 subject. As a professional man he was a model. He was never 
 known to speak ill of any professional brother. He was always will- 
 ing to assist any dentist, both financially and professionally. 
 
 58
 
 ALTON HOWARD THOMPSON, D. D. S. 
 
 Alton Howard Thompson was born April S, 1849, at Logansport, 
 Indiana. His father was Thomas Boal Thompson and his mother 
 Isabella Adams, who came from .Tuniata County, Pennsylvania. His 
 father was of Scotch-Irish descent and his mother of English ancestry. 
 His father was in the mercantile bu?iness in Logansport until the 
 death of his mother in 1852, when he was taken with a baby sister 
 back to Pennsylvania, and was raised by his mother's people, spending 
 a few years of childhood in Logansport and two years in Dalton, 
 Georgia, where his father was in the banking business in 1856-59. While 
 there he lived with Dr. M. H. Banner, who was a dentist of the old 
 school, and who gave him the first suggestion of taking up dentistry 
 as a vocation, which was carried out in later years. Dr. Banner was 
 afterwards on General Hood's staff in the Confederate Army, and won 
 honors for braver}'. The coming on of the war drove Thompson's father 
 North. He married Miss Jennie Boal and settled in Perry County, 
 Pennsylvania, near the old home. Young Alton received his educa- 
 tion at the country schools and academies, and in Dalton, Georgia, 
 he attended an old-fashioned subscription school. But the war so af- 
 fected the family fortunes that he was unable to go to college, which 
 has been a life long regret. 
 
 In 1866 he went to study dentistry with a Dr. G. L. Derr in Mif- 
 fiintown, the county seat of Juniata County. Pennsylvania, remaining 
 for a year. Afterwards he practiced in Millerstown, Perry County, 
 Pennsylvania, and made an itinerary of other small towns. Failing 
 in this he went to Logansport in 1869, and after clerking there a few 
 months drifted out to Topeka, Kansas. Here he opened an office 
 and practiced a while, and then attended lectures at the Philadelphia 
 Dental College, graduating as D. D. S. in 1872. Returning to Topeka, 
 he has been in practice there ever since. 
 
 59
 
 In 1875 he married Miss Fannie Geiger, wlio died in 1903, by 
 whom he had two children, a daughter, Isabel, who died in 1897, aged 
 seventeen, and a son, Wallace, who is now in Mexico City, employed 
 on "The Mexican Herald." He was married in 190G to Miss Helen 
 Moon, of Topeka, Kansas. 
 
 In 1880 he assisted in founding the Kansas City Dental College, 
 and has been identified with it almost continuously ever since as 
 Professor of "Odontography, Human and Comparative." In the winter 
 of 1899-1900 he went to Philadelphia, and was- connected with the 
 Philadelphia Dental College for the session, teaching Comparative 
 Anatomy, but returned home in the spring. He gave courses at 
 various times on his special study of Comparative Dental Anatomy 
 at the Northwestern University Dental Department of Chicago, the 
 Dental Department of the University of Tennessee at Nashville, the 
 Marion-Sims Dental College at St. Louis, and at the Angle School of 
 Orthodontia at St. Louis for several years. 
 
 He has been a prolific writer for the dental journals, and essayist 
 before various dental societies, mainly on topics relating to his spe- 
 cialty of comparative dental anatomy, on which subject he wrote a 
 text-book, "Comparative Dental Anatomy," for dental students, which 
 was published in 1899, by the S. S. White Dental Manufacturing Com- 
 pany. Following this with his other hobbies, archaeology and 
 anthropology, he carried his studies of the comparative study of the 
 teeth to the different races of mankind and made some extensive in- 
 vestigations on the Peruvians, Mexicans and Mound Builders. He has 
 rrade a collection of skulls of Indians, Pueblos and Mexican races and 
 their potteries and of archaeological specimens. He is much inter- 
 ested in what comparative studies would do for the advancement of 
 the science of the profession, especially in connection with anthro- 
 pology, which is so important as a fundamental science. As a boy at 
 home on the farm. Dr. Thompson was interested in the objects of 
 nature, but could not secure l)ooks suitable for study of this subject. 
 Later the opportunity offered and he secured the books and began the 
 study of nature, which in interest was foremost of his studies. The 
 Kansas Academy of Science and friends found there who were 
 teachers and students of this subject were his great help. Afterwards 
 he made the application of these studies to his chosen profession. It 
 is of a natural evolution, inclination plus opportunity. Anthropology 
 followed odontology in its application to man in its natural enlarge- 
 ment. Archaeology came in naturally as he became proficient in bis 
 other studies. The following is a list of his principal writings: 
 
 "The Canines in Expression," "The Career of Caries of the Teeth," 
 "On the Ultimate Suppression of the Teeth in Man: Will the Coming 
 Man be Toothless?" "Dental Etiquette," "On the Living Cell and its 
 Work," "Histology of Dentine," "Th(> Evolution of Food as Inducing 
 
 60
 
 the SiibdivLsion of Mastication," "The Dynamics of Denial Occlusion," 
 "Retiring Address as President of Kansas State Dental Association" 
 (on American Dental History), "The Potency of Food in .Modifying 
 the Masticating Aijparatus of Animals," "The Influence of Food Se- 
 lection upon the Evolution of Animal Life," "The Homology of the 
 Dental Tissues," "The Conservation of Pulpless Teeth," "The Case of 
 the Wisdom Teeth in Relation to the Hypothesis of the Ultimate Sup- 
 pression of the Teeth in Man," "On a Method of Treating Sensitive 
 Dentine and Exposed Pulps," "Notes on the Antiquity of Man," "The 
 Ideal Filling and the New Departure," "The Autonomous Rights of 
 Races," "Indian Find Near Topeka, Kansas," "Dental Education as a 
 Science," "The Question of Utility in Dental Education," "Combination 
 Tin and Gold Fillings," "The Use and Abuse of Amalgam," "Neuralgias 
 of Dental Origin," "Present Systems and the Impending Education," 
 "Eclecticism and the Extremists," "Dental Ministrations to Children," 
 "Scientific Methods in Practice," "Cases of Absorption of the Roots 
 of the Permanent Teeth," "The Causes of Congenital Defectiveness 
 and Deformities of the Teeth," "Experiments with Cocaine," "Practi- 
 cal Methods in Practice," "Heredity and Development of the Teeth," 
 "Pathological Heredity and Gouty Teeth," "On the Limits of Useful- 
 ness in Dental Operations and the Preservation of Unfit Teeth," "Fill- 
 ing Teeth and Filling Materials," "Protoplasmic Nutrition and Molecu- 
 lar Metamorphosis in the Dental Tissues," "Dental Sanitation," "The 
 Uses of the Cements in Dental Practice," "Pathological Heredity and 
 Congenital Abnormalities of the Teeth," "Does Function Control the 
 Evolution of Structure?" "Dental Anatomy, Human and Comparative," 
 "The Personal Equation in the Dental Profession," "Porcelain Set- 
 tings in the Teeth," "Animal Ethics," "Gum-colored Porcelain Fill- 
 ings," "Editorials, etc.," "Dental Morphology," "The Face," "The Ex- 
 pressional Services Performed by the Face," "Temperament and the 
 Variations it Causes in the Teeth," "Some Phases of Dental Practice," 
 "The Origin and Evolution of the Human Face," "The Study of Com- 
 parative Anatomy and its Value to Dentists," "Scientific Instruction 
 in our Colleges," "Facial Expression and its Psychology," "The 
 Descent of Expression," "Comparative Dental Anatomy," "The Te^th 
 of Invertebrate Animals," "The Architecture of the Upper First Mo- 
 lar," "Evolution of the Human Face," "Cleansing the Teeth and Sani- 
 tation of the Mouth." "The Dentition of the Felidae," "The Ethnology 
 of the Face," "The Grinding Teeth of the Herbivorous Mammalia," 
 "The Pedigree of the Central Incisor," "Porcelain Versus Gold Work 
 on the Teeth," "The Architecture of the Face," "The Physiological 
 Limitations of Mechanical Operations Upon the Teeth," "A Lesson in 
 Altruism," "The Missing Teeth of Man," "A Study of the Premolars," 
 "Books as Tools of Science," "The Progress of Moderate Methods in 
 Dental Practice," "Dental Nomenclature," "Dental .\natomy." Chapter 
 
 61
 
 in "American Medical Text-book." 1895-6; "Temperament in Relation 
 to Dental Prosthesis," "Chapter in American Medical Text-book," 1896; 
 "Identifications by Means of the Teeth," "Utilization of the Mississippi 
 Overflow," "The Point of Contact," "Some Studies in Relation to Mal- 
 posed Teeth," "Filling Materials for Children's Teeth," "Tooth Forms 
 in Relation to Jaw Movements," "The Philosophy of Tooth Forms," 
 "Antiseptics in Dentistry," "The Comparative Method of Teaching 
 Dental Anatomy," "The Ethnology of the Teeth." "Self-culture," 
 "Teeth as Tools and Weapons," "The Etiology of Gnathis Abronmal- 
 ities," "Mechanical Abrasion of the Teeth," "The Evolution of the 
 Complex Molars from the Simple Cone," "The Phylogeny of the Fifth 
 Tubercle of the Second Lower Molar of Men," "Influx into the Dental 
 Profession," "Medical Versus Technical Training in Dental Education," 
 "The Cultural Significance of Primitive Implements and Weapons," 
 "The Comparative Anatomy of the Bicuspids," "Evolution," "The 
 Stone Graves of Tennessee," "Comparative Occlusion and Ortho- 
 dontia," "Ethnographic Odontography," "The Psychic Emergence of 
 Man," "Employment of Tools and Weapons by the Quadrumana," 
 "Dental Malpositions Among the Ancient Peruvians," "Ethnographic 
 Odontography, the Ancient Peruvians," "Ethnographic Odontography, 
 Some Mexican Tribes," "The Beginnings of Culture," "Ethnographic 
 Odontography, the Mound Builders." "Nomenclature," "The Variations 
 of the Molars in the Ancient Peruvians, Mexicans and Mound Build- 
 ers," "Dental Lesions Among the Ancient Peruvians, Mexicans and 
 Mound Builders," "Mutations and the Evolutions of Man," "Culture 
 for Middle Life." "Jumping the Bite in Senile Abrasion," "Anthropology 
 and Orthodontia," "Pre-Darwinian Evolution," "Anthropology as a 
 Science," "Anthropology and Dentistry," "Charles Darwin." 
 
 He is a member of the Presbyterian Church (as becomes one 
 whose Scotch ancestors were driven from Scotland during the perse- 
 cution), and a Republican in politics, but has never held a political 
 office. Dr. Thompson joined the Kansas State Dental Association in 
 1872 at the first meeting after its organization in 1871. and was 
 elected secretary and president, serving 1875-76. This honor was 
 again conferred on him and he served in this capacity in 1881-82. 
 
 He was a member of the old American and of the present National 
 Dental Associations, the American Medical Association, the Missouri State 
 Dental Association, which he joined June 5tli, 1S72, the St. Louis Society 
 of Dental Science, the Kansas City Ortontographic, and other dental 
 societies. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Ad- 
 vancement of Science, was one of the founders and a member of the 
 American Anthropological Association, and a member of the American 
 Ethnological Society and the American Folk I ore Society. He was a 
 member of the section ot Dental and Oral Surgery of the Ninth Inter- 
 national Medical Congress, the Columbian Dental Congress, and vice- 
 president of the fourth International Dental Congress at St. I^uis, and 
 is at the present time honorary president of the Shawnee County 
 (Kansas) Dental Society. 
 
 62
 
 EX-PRESIDENTS.
 
 HENRY JAMES BYRON McKELLOPS, D. D. S. 
 First President. 
 
 Dr. McKellops began the practice of the profession when scarcely 
 half a dozen dentists had offices in St. Louis, his colleagues then being 
 such men as Isaiah Forbes, B. B. Brown, Aaron Blake, Isaac Corn- 
 stock, Edward Hale, Sr.. J. S. Clark and C. \V. vSpalding. 
 
 All of these men had passed away when death closed his career 
 of fifty-six years' active practice. In that time his reputation had ex- 
 tended over the United States and Europe. He had contributed much 
 to the material advancement of the profession of dentistry, more, pos- 
 sibly, than anyone else in St. Louis, and- had been instrumental in 
 bringing to it the prestige it enjoys as one of the learned professions. 
 H. J. B. McKellops was bom at Saline, near Syracuse, N. Y., on Au- 
 gust 31, 1S25. His father, James McKellops, died before his son had 
 entered his teens. He was a large land owner at one time and the 
 pioneer manufacturer of table salt in Western New York. In 1840 
 young McKellops came to St. Louis with his mother and sister, enter- 
 ing one of the public schools. Active and intelligent, he soon after 
 obtained appointment as a messenger in the Missouri Legislature, 
 when General Sterling Price was speaker of the House and General 
 Marmaduke, by virtue of his office as Lieutenant Governor, was Presi- 
 dent of the Senate, using this money, the first he ever earned, for 
 tuition at the University of Missouri at Columbia, where he studied 
 from 1842 to 1844. He next returned to St. Louis and took a course 
 of bookkeeping in Jones' Commercial College. The proprietor, Jona- 
 than Jones, being a good friend of his, aided in getting him employ- 
 ment in the office of John M. Parker, the City Register, where oppor- 
 tunity presented for forming a wide circle of acquaintances, valuable 
 afterwards when he entered the practice of dentistry. Young Mc- 
 
 64
 
 Kellops was of an affable disposition and soon made many friends, 
 among them Dr. Charles A. Pope, the dean of the old St. Louis Medical 
 College, who influenced him to study medicine in 184G and 1S47. For 
 the next six years he attended many of the lectures, but never took 
 the degree of M. D. 
 
 Through th persuasion of his brother-in-law, Dr. George Silvers, 
 a St. Louis dentist, he was drawn from medicine to dentistry. He 
 opened his first office on Fourth street, opposite the Court House. A 
 desire to succeed, natural ingenuity and a love of the mechanical arts 
 soon made him an expert operator, and soon after opening his first 
 office he commanded a clientele of the highest class, which con- 
 tinued until the end of his professional career. -He traveled many 
 thousands of miles during his professional life to attend dental meet- 
 ings to impart his knowledge and demonstrate his skill as an operator. 
 He was equally willing to learn. In 1S5G, when Dr. Robert Arthur of 
 Philadelphia was exploiting sponge gold as a filling material, McKel« 
 lops made a trip to that city to learn the method. When "adhesive 
 foil" was introduced he soon became an expert in its use. He is the 
 father of gold and platinum heavy foil 20-40 and 60 gauge, with which 
 he wrought wonders. Many beautiful examples of his skill are stand- 
 ing today in the mouths of his old patients as monuments to his ex- 
 cellent manipulative skill. Among his students and assistants were 
 such well known men as George L. Field (Detroit), J. B., Wm. N. and 
 Alex. Morrison, John J. R. Patrick, Edgar Park and H. H. Keith, all 
 of whom afterwards made a name for themselves in dentistry. 
 
 ' In 1855 the degree of D. D. S. was conferred on him by the Ohio 
 College of Dental Surgery in recognition of his skill and services to 
 the profession, his fame already having extended through Missouri, 
 and eventually through all the states of the L^nion. A sojourn in 
 London and Paris from 1863 to 1865, and later several visits to Eu- 
 rope, make him known abroad as well. In London, in 1864, he intro- 
 duced the use of the mallet in dentistry first before the Odontological 
 Society of London, also at Paris the same year. Dr. McKellops also 
 introduced in St. Louis the use of continuous gum work, invented by 
 Dr. John Allen of Cincinnati. In his profession he was studious, in- 
 ventive in practice and always to the front in every step of progress 
 in dental surgery. He had a standing order with the leading dental 
 depots to send him every new invention put on the market. He was 
 a subscriber to all the dental periodicals and new books, and pos- 
 sessed, likely, the most extensive dental library in the world, valued 
 at $20,000 at the time of his death. Also a large collection of rare 
 curios, bric-a-brac, instruments, etc. He was fond of fancy dress and 
 had a hobby of collecting and wearing fancy neckties. At the time 
 of his death he had some 2,000 ties. 
 
 A loving cup was left by him on which appears the following: 
 
 65
 
 "Presented to Dr. H. J. McKellops by the First District Dental Society 
 of the State of New York, as an expression of the high esteem and 
 as a token of its appreciation of the inestimable services rendered 
 by him as Supervisor of Clinics at the Annual Meeting, New York 
 City, January 21, 1891." 
 
 A year before his death the local dental society, March 24, 1900, 
 tendered Dr. McKellops a banquet and loving cup as a token of their 
 appreciation of his great professional services. 
 
 He is admitted to have done more than any other dentist in St. 
 Louis to educate the better class of the public to an appreciation of 
 the importance of the care of the teeth, the value of high-class den- 
 tistry in contrast to low-class, and an acquiescence in a proper re- 
 muneration for such services. His influence in these directions will 
 continue to be felt. He was the first dentist on record to advocate 
 the appointment of dentists for the army and navy. 
 
 The observation of the necessity of dentists in the army no doubt 
 prompted Dr. McKellops to introduce a resolution at a meeting of the 
 Western Dental Society, held in Quincy, 111., on July 21, 1858, to 
 the effect that a committee be appointed to memorialize Congress on 
 the necessity of appointing dentists to be attached to the army and 
 navy. The resolution was adopted and a similar resolution passed by 
 the American Dental Convention in August, 1859, also being intro- 
 duced by Dr. McKellops, as follows: "Whereas, Owing to the great 
 inconvenience of the officers and soldiers in procuring competent den- 
 tists, when necessary, and knowing the difficulty in which they are 
 placed, being stationed at distant posts and places where it is im- 
 possible for a dentist to visit; therefore, 
 
 "Resolved, That this society appoint a committee of five for the 
 purpose of memorializing Congress on the necessity for appointing 
 dentists to be attached to the regular army; and that we recommend 
 the matter to the consideration of the general Government." 
 
 It is said Jefferson Davis, then Secretary of War of the Federal 
 Government, favored the employment of dentists for the army and 
 navy, and no doubt would have succeeded in bringing this about at 
 that period had he remained in office. 
 
 Dr. McKellops married Miss Annie Gower of Tennessee, on April 
 4, 1849. Eight children were boi'n, five sons and three daughters. 
 Those now living are Henry L. McKelloi)s and Mrs. Josephine Bouvier, 
 of San Francisco; Linton J. McKellops, of St. Ix)uis, and Dr. Leo G. 
 McKellops, of Mazatlan. Mexico. 
 
 Personally Dr. McKellops was a man of high ideals, convivial and 
 warm-hearted. His sociability found expression in the field of his 
 profession in the organization of dental societies and organizations, 
 which he attended far and near, in the proceedings of which he al- 
 ways took a leading part. He was President of the American Dental 
 
 66
 
 Association 1878, and one of the organizers of the St. Louis Dental 
 Society, founded on December 9, 1856, and in 1879 served as its Presi- 
 dent. He helped organize, also, the Western Dental Association at 
 St. Louis, April 3, 1856. He was Corresponding Secretary of this as- 
 sociation, 1857. He was first President of the Missouri State Dental 
 Association, organized October 31, 1865. President of the Southern 
 Dental Association, 1884. He was also a constant attendant of the 
 Mississippi Valley Association of Dental Surgeons, and an honorary 
 member of the Kansas, Iowa and Illinois State Dental Societies. 
 
 In social life, no less than in his profession, Dr. McKellops was 
 popular, and he was a particularly welcome guest at social gather- 
 ings because of his brilliant powers in entertaining as a speaker and 
 elocutionist. 
 
 Dr. McKellops also had a niilitar}- side to his career. He was 
 Captain of the St. Louis Cadets, commissioned by Governor Edwards 
 in 1842, and in 1845, at the age of twenty years, became a Captain in 
 the St. Louis Legion. In 1846 he commanded the Morgan Riflemen 
 in the Legion's six-months' service in the Mexican War, making the 
 noted six-months' expedition under Colonel Alton R. Easton, which 
 included New Orleans, Brazos, Santiago and up the Rio Grande to 
 Matamoras. At the organization of the St. Louis National Guards in 
 the early fifties, he was enrolled as a member and elected First Lieu- 
 tenant, and served in the riots of those days. Afterwards elected 
 Assistant Adjutant General of the B^rst Brigade Volunteers, First Di- 
 vision of Missouri. In 1858 he marched across the state with the 
 expedition under General D. M. Frost, to put down the invasion of the 
 "Bushwhackers" and "Jayhawkers," who then were ravaging the 
 western counties of Missouri. 
 
 During the Rebellion, in his house was stored and concealed guns, 
 ammunition and other equipments of war which, when discovered, led 
 to his arrest by the Prevost Marshal of St. Louis. Dr. McKellops was 
 put in the Gratiot Street Prison and commanded to take the oath of 
 allegiance. This he refused and he was ordered to leave the city or 
 suffer the consequences. This he did, with the aid of a troop of Fed- 
 eral soldiers, who escorted him to the outskirts of the city. With 
 several others he procured a team and drove westward, bound for 
 California. While en route his early medical training came into play 
 while traveling through the territory of Montana. He enjoyed the 
 distinction of having delivered the first white child born in Montana. 
 
 He returned from his Western trip and went to Europe, where 
 he resided, practicing in Paris until the end of the Civil War, when he 
 returned to St. Louis, where he continued practice until his death, 
 April 23, 1901. 
 
 Dr. McKellops was a man of much individuality, distinguished 
 presence and of the strongest personality, ardent in his beliefs and 
 
 67
 
 equally so in his prejudices. He could love well and hate well. He 
 detested the shams and tricks of the charlatan. He had a scrap book 
 full of advertisements of dentists throughout the country, and his 
 courage never failed him on any occasion to denounce things or men 
 who, in his estimation, were dishonest and unethical. His exact type 
 probably will never again appear in dental history. We may say of 
 him as he who uttered "Thou, O, Shakespeare, to our wonder and as- 
 tonishment hast built for thyself a life long monument." 
 
 68
 
 HENRY E. PEEBLES, D. D. S. 
 Second President. 
 
 From the dental standpoint Henry E. Peebles was the man of 
 whom Hubbard would say "carried the message to Garcia" in Missouri 
 dentistry. Through his tireless efforts the Missouri State Dental Asso- 
 ciation was organized. 
 
 Dr. Peebles was born on a farm in Rockingham County, Vir- 
 ginia, February 10, 1S12. In 1817 his parents removed with their 
 family to Fairfield County, Virginia. Here young Henry spent his boy- 
 hood and grew to manhood. At the age of 22 he attended college at 
 Marietta, Ohio, and acquired a classical education; following this, he 
 studied medicine with a Dr. Hyde, of Rushville, Ohio. Young Peebles 
 proved an apt student and soon acquired a practice which extended 
 over a broad scope of the country, his visits to his patients being 
 made on horseback. During his medical practice he formed the ac- 
 quaintance of an itinerant dentist, who encouraged him to adopt 
 dentistry as his calling. Being a natural mechanic this work appealed 
 to him, and he soon began practice at Rushville; while here he married 
 Miss Elizabeth V. Linville, of Fairfield County. During their life ten 
 children were bom to them. Hearing flattering reports of the then 
 "Far West," Dr. Peebles removed his family in 1842 to Lexington, Mis- 
 souri, where he soon acquired a good reputation as a practitioner and 
 as a citizen. He became a Mason and was prominently identified witti 
 the Methodist Church. He practiced successfully at Lexington for 
 fourteen years, when in 1856 he removed to St. Louis, where, by his 
 force of character and skilled ability, he immediately commanded a 
 large practice. He at once became a leader in the profession. His 
 office at the southeast corner of Eighth and Locust streets became the 
 headquarters and gathering place for the most prominent men in the 
 profession in St. Louis or visiting dentists. Here the various phases 
 
 69
 
 of dentistry, both practical and educational, were discussed. It was 
 here, at some of these gatherings probably, the idea of the society, 
 the college and journal was conceived and Henry E. Peebles, of gen- 
 tlemanly and scholarly attainments, a man of great energy and force 
 of character, with correct views on educational questions — a leader 
 of men — was the Moses who led the profession from darkness to light 
 in this particular section, and did much to bring about a higher grade 
 of literary and scientific attainment for the profession. 
 
 Just after Dr. Peebles' removal to St. Louis the local profession 
 organized the St. Louis Dental Society, December 16, 1856. Dr. Peebles' 
 name appears as having signed the constitution and by-laws as a 
 charter member. He was president of this society in 1866. Nine years 
 after this society's birth, October 31, 1865, some sixty dentists met in 
 St. . Louis and organized the Missouri State Dental Associaton. To 
 Henry E. Peebles belongs the honor of bringing about the organization 
 and his name alone will live in dental history as the Association's 
 father. He personally wrote the letters of invitation sent to every 
 known reputable practitioner in the State that eventually brought 
 about the organization. On the second day of the meeting, evening 
 session, the association adopted the following resolution, in apprecia- 
 tion of Dr. Peebles' services: "Resolved, that the thanks of this as- 
 sociation are due and are hereby tendered to Dr. H. E. Peebles for 
 his constant labors to effect a full organization of the dentists of Mis- 
 souri into a State Association, he having commenced the labor in 
 July, 1864, by extensive correspondence and consultation with the 
 members of the profession." 
 
 This resolution was also ordered "written in a plain hand, signed- 
 by the J)resident and secretary, neatly framed and presented to Dr. 
 Peebles." Possibly there was some delicate and hidden "politics" 
 played when Dr. Peebles was appointed by the temporary chairman, 
 Dr. John S. Clark, as chairman of a committee to nominate permanent 
 officers. As Dr. Peebles was the originator of the association and 
 possessed all the needed qualifications of a president, he seemingly 
 should have been the society's first president, but as he was selected 
 chairman of the nominating committee, the committee could not be- 
 comingly nominate him, and Dr. Henry J. McKellops was nominated 
 and elected the first president. However, at the second annual meet- 
 ing, July 5, 1866, Dr. Peebles was elected to the presidency. 
 
 At this meeting a motion was made that "the officers of the asso- 
 ciation be considered as constituting a dental college committee, 
 endowed with plenary powers and instructed to report at the next 
 annual meeting." As president, Dr. Peebles was chairman of this 
 committee and wielded a marked influence for good towards bringing 
 about the organization of the Missouri DcMital Collogr, which was 
 chartered Septemljer 16, 18G6, beginning ils first course of lectures 
 
 70
 
 on Octoljtr 1, of the same year. Ur. Peebles was one of the incor- 
 porators of the school and its first treasurer as well as tne first Pro- 
 fessor of Surf^ical and Operative Dentistry. 
 
 At the third annual meeting of the Missouri State Dental Asso- 
 ciation a committee, consisting of Drs. Isaiah Forbes, H. J. McKellops 
 and Edgar Park, was appointed to establish a dental journal. At the 
 next (fourth) annual meeting this committee was changed to Drs. H. 
 S. Chase, H. E. Peebles, H. J. McKellops and Homer Judd, who "were 
 appointed to organize a joint stock company to start a dental journal, 
 to be conducted and controlled by an association to be hereafter incor- 
 porated under the laws of the State of Missouri." As a result, "The 
 Missouri Dental Journal" was organized in 18G9. Prior to this date, in 
 1858, "The American Dental Review," the pioneer dental journal of St. 
 Louis, had been established by Dr. A. M. Leslie, with Drs. H. E. 
 Peebles, C. W. Spalding and Isaiah Forbes as editors. The "Journal" 
 was short lived, however. Dr. Peebles was a delegate to the American 
 Society of Dental Surgeons, also to its successor. The American 
 Dental Convention, of which he' was president, at the eleventh annual 
 meeting, held at White Sulphur Springs, Va., August 1-3, 18G5. He 
 was also an active member of the Mississippi Valley Society of Dental 
 Surgeons, contributing freely to it both in papers and in discussions. 
 He was also an active member of the Western Dental Society, whose 
 membership was made up of dentists of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Mis- 
 souri. Of this society he was recording secretary for a number of 
 years. Dr. Peebles was also a member of the Southern Dental Asso- 
 ciation, and identified with all other professional interests that would 
 better his profession in his day. He was a forceful speaker and 
 greatly inspired his hearers at social functions, commencement exer- 
 cises, etc., where he was in demand. His literary contributions found 
 in "The Missouri Dental Journal" and "The American Dental Review" 
 are few, yet those few are well written. In one of his papers he rec- 
 ommends the filling of root canals with plaster of paris. 
 
 Dr. C. P. Plattenburg, of Chicago, a student of Dr. Peebles, says: 
 "Dr. Peebles was a born aristocrat, honorable in everything and would 
 remind one of the old cavaliers. He was a most enthusiastic dental 
 society worker and student of therapeutics, and as a speaker always 
 made his presence felt wherever he was. He was a fastidious 
 operator. He had as office partners Drs. Sylomans Dunham and Jo- 
 seph Payne. Their office was on Fifth street, just north of Olive, and 
 there was a coterie of men within a stone's throw which could not be 
 duplicated. Among them was Dr. Blake, who would remind one in 
 appearance of Thomas H. Benton. Round the corner, on Olive street, 
 were Spalding, Morrison and Eames. We made the most of our in- 
 struments in the laboratory, and we could get up finely-made, well- 
 temi)er(>d instruments with ivory handles and silver ferrule-. Our 
 
 71
 
 favorite handle; however, was made of rings of leather hammered on 
 a plugger or excavator, and trimmed and polished. I have since seen 
 something similar on bicycle handles of late years. Of course, every 
 dentist had to have a case of pearl handled, ruby set, impracticable 
 instruments for show, and a set of Chevalier forceps. Our vulcanizers 
 were made at the brass w'orks. The first modern, up-to-date vulcanizer 
 in our office was a 'Hayes,' and it w-as a nine-day wonder. While I 
 studied with Drs. Peebles, Dunham and Payne, their office was on 
 Fifth street, just north of Olive. Between 1861-5 the term of ap- 
 prenticeship in those days was four years for all students. Dr. Peebles 
 possessed the greatest skill, and did beautiful operations, although he 
 worked under great disadvantages with no rubber dam. no automatic 
 mallet, and with pluggers made from awls by myself. His fillings 
 were made mainly with Abbey's 'adhesion' foil." 
 
 In recognition of the high attainments of Dr. Peebles the Balti- 
 more College of Dental Sui-gery conferred the honorary degree of 
 D. D. S. upon him in 1850. The same year the Ohio College of Dental 
 Surgery honored him with the same degree. 
 
 Dr. Peebles had several students who were a credit, both to him 
 and the profession. Among them were Drs. C. B. Plattenburg, now 
 practicing in Chicago; John R. Mathews, of I^os Angeles, Cal., and 
 J. B. Newby, of St. Louis. 
 
 Dr. Peebles died at his country home at Oakland, St. Louis 
 County, February 14, 1871. of erysipelas and typhoid fever, greatly 
 mourned by his family and professional friends. He was survived by 
 his wife and two daughters, one living in New York City and another, 
 Mrs. A. M. Flournoy, of Pasadena, Califorjiia. 
 
 72
 
 HOMER JIIDD. M. D., D. D. S. 
 
 Third and I'ourth Prt-sident. 
 
 The published genealogical record of the Judd family embraces 
 over 1S50 names up to the year 1845. Surnames to distinguish fami- 
 lies were first taken m England l)y men of rank, and were gradually 
 used by the common people of the thirteenth century. Lower, in his 
 "Essays on Family Nomenclature," printed in London in 1844, sup- 
 poses that surnames did not begin to descend from father to son 
 among the middle and lower classes until about 1300 A. D. 
 
 Lower believes that the surname Judd came from the Christian 
 name Jude, just as many other surnames are found from Christian 
 names, as Peters from Peter, Phillips from Philip. A person called 
 John, the son of Jude, changed his name to John Jude or Judd, and 
 the latter became his surname. Judson, meaning the son of Judd, is 
 a surname, as also is Judkin, signifying little Judd. Judeaus is the 
 Latin for Jew, and is often found in the Latin records of England 
 as Aaron Judaeus, meaning Aaron the Jew. In the "Rotuli Hun- 
 dredorum," or Rolls of the Hundreds, made by commissioners about 
 1274 and 1275, the word Judeus appears many times, a? Leo Judeus, 
 Benedictus Judeus, Solomon Judeus. It may be that Judeus here is 
 sometimes used as a surname. In these rolls many surnames are 
 found similar to those of the present day. 
 
 There are certainly two Judds in the Rolls of the Hundreds about 
 1275, viz., Henry Judde, of the County of Kent, and John Judde, of 
 Oxfordshire. 
 
 The old English poet, Ciower, born in 1320, names one of the com- 
 panions of Wat Tyler Judde. In Rymer's "Foedera" John Judd ap- 
 pears in 1529 and 1533, and he seems to have been In office under 
 Henry YIII. 
 
 73
 
 Sir Andrew Judd was a "skinner" in London, that is, a dealer in 
 skins and furs. He was a son of John Judd, of Tumbridge, in Kent. 
 He was a knight and became Mayor of London in 1550. He was 
 wealthy and endowed a grammar school at Tumbridge, which was 
 called "Judd's Grammar School." 
 
 In the proceedings in Chancery in the reign of Elizabeth, before 
 1600, John Judd, son of Richard Judd, Nicholas Judd and William 
 Judd were concerned in cases relating to lands. 
 
 The Judd coat of arms is described in Burke's "General Armory of 
 England, Scotland and Ireland" (London, 1842) in heraldic language, 
 which few understood. 
 
 Judd. (London and Tumbridge. County Kent. Lord Mayor of 
 London, 1550.) Gules, a fesse raguly between three boars' heads 
 couped argent. (This is Sir Andrew Judd's coat of arms.) 
 
 Judd. (Middlesex.) Gules, on a ducal coronet, or a cockatrice's 
 wings displayed proper. 
 
 Burke gives also three Jurte coats of arms. One of these has 
 three boars' heads. Perhaps some of the Judds, centuries ago, were 
 hunters of the wild boar. 
 
 Thomas Judd, the first of the line in the Judd family in America, 
 came from England in 1633 and settled at Cambridge, Mass. He was 
 granted a home lot of four acres of land August, 1635, upon which 
 he built a house. He was also granted more land, August, 1635, and 
 admitted to the freeman of the colony May 25, 1G36. He removed to 
 Hartford, Conn., in 163(5, traveling through the wilderness to the Con- 
 necticut River, where he was also granted land. Here he was a sub- 
 stantial farmer and an influential man, and was a deputy to the General 
 Court, May, 1647 to 1679. He then removed to North Hampton, of 
 which town he was one of the selectmen, 1682. He was also deacon 
 in the church of the three different communities in which he lived. 
 
 For his influence and service to the colonies he was connected 
 with, large tracts of land were granted to his children and grand- 
 children several times between 1708 and 1730. In 1662 the General 
 Court granted him, for public service, two hundred acres of land. All 
 of this proves that he was an influ?nti:il and respected citizen of the 
 communities in which he lived. 
 
 The direct family from Deacon Thomas Judd may be traced 
 through the genealogical record down to Asa Judd, who married Adah 
 Sweet, May 6, 1812. They livc>d in Tyringham, Mass. To them was 
 born a son named Homer, at Otis, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, 
 March 29, 1820. His father was a respectable farmer and built and 
 operated the first paper mill at Tyringham, Mass., and represented 
 his town, 1841-45, to the General Assembly from Tyringham, 
 
 Homer attended the common schools of the neighborhood, and 
 
 74
 
 afterwards enjoyed the highest advantages of Lee and Worthington 
 Academies, and had as a fellow student Cyrus W. Field, afterwards 
 of Atlantic cable fame. At the academies he was an assiduous student 
 in Greek and Latin, and also became proficient in French, Spanish and 
 German, besides obtaining some acquaintance with Hebrew and 
 Sanscrit. His tastes were literary, and much of his life was spent 
 In study and research. 
 
 As a boy young Judd spent much of his recreation time hunting 
 and fishing, a sport he followed throughout his whole career. He was 
 one of the expert rifle shots of the country. One case is recorded 
 when, in Colorado, at an advanced age, in the last year of his life, 
 with five shots from his rifle he killed five deer. 
 
 After his scholastic course, hearing wonderful tales of "the Far 
 West," he went to Kentucky, where for a short time he taught a 
 subscription school and won neighborhood fame as a "crack" marks- 
 man. Later he traveled to Missouri and followed the same employ- 
 ment in Howard and Boone Counties. Tiring of the monotony of 
 this and longing for better things in life, he returned to Massachusetts 
 and studied medicine- with Dr. James Welch, of the village of Lee, 
 and took a course of lectures at the Berkshire Medical College at 
 Pittsfield, from which he graduated and received the M. D. degree 
 in 1847. Soon after he went to Baltimore and took a private dental 
 course with Dr. Cyreneus O. Cone, a talented teacher of the day, and 
 immediately went to Ravenna, Ohio, where he practiced medicine 
 and dentistry. While here he visited Urbana, a near-by town, and 
 practiced dentistry. 
 
 In 1849, again desiring a taste of Western life, and warmed by 
 the "gold fever," he started with a wagon train to California. He 
 was appointed train surgeon and treated his companions medically 
 on the trip. When the train arrived at Santa Fe. New Mexico, Dr. 
 Judd determined to locate there, and was the first professionally 
 trained dentist to practice in that territory. After remaining there 
 one summer, he returned to Ohio, subsequently to move to Warsaw, 
 111., where he formed a partnership with Dr. Charles Coolidge, a 
 ■ physician, Dr. .Judd practicing dentistry and medicine. There he took 
 a prominent part in all matters relative to progress. He was a 
 member of the School Board for several years, and served one year 
 as Superintendent of the Public Schools. He was also active in the 
 organization of the Hancock County Medical Society. Dr. Charles 
 Hay, father of the late Secretary of State, John Hay, was an intimate 
 and professional friend of Dr. Judd's during his twelve years' 
 residence in Warsaw. 
 
 During the Civil War he was a contract surgeon in the hospital 
 service, and was on duty at Pittsburg Landing, Vicksburg and Fort 
 Donaldson. After the battle of Shiloh he offered his service and 
 
 75
 
 was appointed surgeon of the Thirty-fourth Missouri Infantry, and 
 was one of the four surgeons charged with the care of five hundred 
 wounded soldiers on board of a hospital steamer. Subsequently he 
 was appointed surgeon of the Fortieth Regiment of Missouri Volun- 
 teers, and served with them at the battles of Nashville, Franklin and 
 Spanish Fort. He remained in the service some months after the 
 close of the war, being stationed at the Huntsville (Ala.) Hospital. 
 August, 1S65, he was honorably mustered out of service and returned 
 North to resume his practice. 
 
 When mustered out he removed to St. Louis for the practice of 
 dentistry exclusively. It was here he did his best work. He soon 
 took front rank, and was an office associate with Dr. John S. Clark, 
 one of the most progressive of St. Louis pioneers. Their office was 
 at Sixth and Myrtle streets. 
 
 His special line of research was the study of histology, and for 
 years he served on the section on histology in the American Dental 
 Association. In the proceedings of this society may be found his 
 papers and committee reports on this subject. He spent much time 
 experimenting with the microscope, and was largely instrumental and 
 very active in organizing the St. Louis Mici'oscopical Club. 
 
 Dr. Judd was ever active in doing things to elevate the profes- 
 sion. With Drs. John S. Clark, Isaiah Forbes, William H. Eames, 
 Andrew M. Leslie, H. J. McKellops and others he was active in the 
 organization of the Missouri State Dental Association, of which he 
 was elected the first recording secretary, and at the second annual 
 meeting he was elected president, and at the third annual meeting he 
 was re-elected to that office. He took an active interest in the society 
 and contributed materially in early days to its success. 
 
 Realizing the position that dentistry was one day destined to 
 occupy in relation to general medicine, and prompted by a desire to 
 advance dental education in this section, he was the prime leader 
 in organizing the old Missouri Dental College, the first in this section 
 of the country, and founded on the basis of a medical education in 
 connection with the St. Louis Medical College. The creation of the 
 college was initiated in the Missouri State Dental Association, and 
 the college was the offspring of the association. It was organized in 
 18CG by Drs. Judd, C. W. Rivers, W. H. Eames, H. E. Peebles, Isaiah 
 Forbes, William N. Morrison, George A. Bowman and others. 
 
 Dr. Judd was elected dean, a position he held for seven years. 
 He was the first professor of the Institute of Dental Science in this 
 Institution. The Board of Trustees of this institution, in recognition 
 of his efforts in organizing the college, conferred the degree of Doctor 
 of Dental Surgery upon him in 1866. 
 
 He was of pronounced literary taste, and knowing the value of 
 a dental journal as an educator, led him to take the initiative in or- 
 
 76
 
 ganizing "The Missouri Dental Journal," of which he was the editor- 
 in-chief, a position he occupied five years. He was assisted by Drs. 
 Henry S. Chase and Edgar Park, in charge of the operative depart- 
 ment, and William H. Eames and William N. Morrison, in charge of 
 the mechanical department. This journal was resuscitated in 1884 
 as "The Archives of Dentistry." 
 
 Dr. .Judd was a concise writer on dental topics and wrote many 
 valuable contributions to our literature, many of which are worth 
 reading today. He was a frequent contributor to the newspaper and 
 wrote some descriptive poems of merit. One, a description of a storm 
 on the mountains, published in a Chicago paper, was of high order. 
 
 He also wrote an historical sketch on "The Battle of Nashville," 
 realistic in detail and vivid in description. Dr. Judd was very active 
 in local, state and national dental affairs, and was elevated to the 
 highest honors. He was president of the American Dental Associa- 
 tion,' 1868-69; the Missouri State Dental Association, 1867-68; the St. 
 Louis Dental Society, 1869, and a member of the American Medical 
 Association, the St. Louis Medical Society, the St. Louis Academy of 
 Sciences, the St. Louis Microscopical Society, honorary member of 
 the California, Iowa, Sixth District Society of New York, and the Illi- 
 nois State Dental Association, which he w-as active in organizing and 
 was a constant attendant, contributing to it frequent papers. He was 
 a member of the first State Board of Dental Examiners of Illinois, 
 associated at the time with Drs. G. V. Black, George H. Gushing, C. A. 
 Kitchen and A. W. Harlan. These men, and Dr. M. S. Dean, of 
 Chicago, were his especial friends in Illinois. 
 
 Dr. Judd became an Odd Fellow in 1847 at Ravenna, Ohio, and 
 passed through the chairs of his lodge at Warsaw, and was a repre- 
 sentative to the Grand Lodge at Chicago, 1859. In politics he was a 
 Republican. He was not a church man and had no direct religious 
 affiliations, yet he was a God-fearing, righteous and moral man of 
 much dignity, yet full of subtle humor, loved and respected by those 
 who knew him, especially by his professional "confreres." He was 
 fond of sport with rod and gun, and was also an ardent chess and 
 billiard player. 
 
 He was married, March, 1853, to Miss Emily F. Hodgen, of Pitts- 
 field, 111., a sister of the famous St. Louis surgeon. Dr. John T. 
 Hodgen. Three children w^ere born to them, a son, Frank, who died 
 in infancy, and two daughters, ]Miss Ada M. Judd and Mrs. Mary E. 
 Smith, of Florida. 
 
 In 1880 Dr. Judd's health failed and he retired from practice and 
 went to Colorado, where he was interested in some silver mines. 
 He soon after removed to Mason City, Iowa, thence to Upper Alton, 
 where he spent his last days. He died of cancer of the stomach. May 
 20, 1890, aged seventy years, and was buried at Pittsfield. 111. 
 
 77
 
 Of broad, scholastic mind, natural abilities, zeal and integrity; an 
 eloquent impromptu speaker, who never failed to interest his au- 
 dience; a leader of men and an organizer of the things that have 
 elevated and bettered his chosen calling — he devoted his professional 
 life to the honor and advancement of his profession, and with the 
 life to the honor and advancement of his profession and of many good 
 deeds as an active professional man and humanitarian of the Civil War, 
 Homer Judd did not live in vain. 
 
 78
 
 WILLIAM HKNRY EAMES, D. D. S. 
 Fifth President. 
 
 William Henry Eames, son of George and Sarah Norris Eames, 
 was born at Auburn, N. Y., August 23, 1828. His ancestry were 
 English and among the Pilgrims that landed at Deadham, Mass., in 
 1630. While a small child his father moved to Lee Center, Oneida 
 County, New York His father was a wagon and carriage manufac- 
 turer, and was a public spirited man and interested in schools and 
 other public matters in the community. 
 
 William Henry Eames attended the common schools of Oneida 
 County, New York, and then entered the Clinton Academy in the same 
 state, where he graduated at the age of 18 years. He had a strong 
 desire to enter the medical profession, but before commencing his 
 studies, he taught school for three years. 
 
 In 1851 he entered the medical department of the University of 
 Michigan at Ann Arbor. 
 
 While there he made the acquaintance of Dr. Henry Porter, a 
 prominent dentist of Ann Arbor, and became interested in dentistry. 
 As there was no dental department in the University of Michigan at 
 that time, he went to Cincinnati to attend the Ohio College of Dental 
 Surgery, where he graduated as D.D . S. with honors in 1853. Re- 
 turning to Ann Arbor he entered a partnership jvith Dr. Porter and 
 remained there until 1857, where he built up a considerable practice 
 and earned a high reputation for skill. 
 
 In 1855 he married Laura M. Scofield, of Clinton. Mich. In 1857 
 he removed to Lebanon. Tenn.. and practiced dentistry in that place 
 until the fall of 1862. The strife and turmoil of the Civil War made 
 his stay at Lebanon unpleasant. Desiring a larger field of operation 
 he moved to St. Louis, where the opportunities were naturally much 
 
 79
 
 greater, and it was here that the real work of his life began. He 
 was one of the organizers and charter members of the Missouri State 
 Dental Association, and its fifth president, 1869; also served the 
 association twelve years as recording secretary. It is mainly through 
 the efforts of Dr. Eames that the early minutes and proceedings of 
 the society, from 1865 to 1883, were compiled and published in booklet 
 form. The meeting of organization of the Missouri Dental College 
 was held at his house June, 1866. He was elected the first Professor 
 of Artificial Dentistry, and later Professor of the Institute of Dental 
 Science. For twenty-eight years he was a teacher in this institution. 
 In all of that time, it is said, he never failed to fill his lecture hour. 
 He was Dean of the faculty from 1875 to 1878. He was President of 
 the National Association of Dental Faculties, 1892; President of the 
 St. Louis Dental Society, 1868; President Mississippi Valley Dental 
 Association, 1873-4, and member of the American Dental Association, 
 the Illinois and Iowa State Dental Societies. 
 
 He was for several years associate editor of "The Missouri Dental 
 Journal," organized in 1869, and editor of "The Archives of Dentistry" 
 from 1887 to 1890. 
 
 His writings contain a vast amount of exceedingly valuable in- 
 formation. He was fond of both music and art, and a very good art 
 critic. Was of a quiet, even temperament, coupled with a persistency 
 that knew no such word as fail, and of a very sociable disposition. 
 He was a member of the Episcopal Church and for many years was 
 active in Sunday School work, and a Republican in politics. 
 
 He died in St. Louis, March 29, 1894, leaving a wife and seven 
 children. His children are: Emma Eames Chase, D. D. S.; William 
 S. Eames, architect; Harriet E. Williams, C. Eva Eames, Mary E. 
 Smith, Captain Henry E. Eames, U. S. A., and Laura L. Eames. 
 
 80
 
 JOSEPH CARTER GOODRICH, D. D. S. 
 Sixth President. 
 
 Ttie subject of this sketch was born in Amherst County, Virginia, 
 April 14, 1S25, and was the son of Gideon C. and Elizabeth (Carter) 
 Goodrich. The family was of Welsh descent, and on his mother's 
 side two of our subject's uncles served in the war of 1812. The family 
 has been represented in America for nearly two centuries, and many 
 of its members gained distinction. Our subject's grandfather, Edmund 
 Goodrich, accompanied his father, Thomas, from Carolina County to 
 Amherst County, Virginia, about 1732. Settling in the latter county 
 and becoming identified with its varied interests, the succeeding gen- 
 erations continued to make it their home until the removal of Gideon 
 C. to Callaway County, Missouri, in 1830. Later he settled in Monroe 
 County, where he followed the occupation of farmer. Young Joseph 
 gained the rudiments of his education in the primitive school of these 
 counties. His father's family was large, and in early life it became 
 necessary for him to become self-reliant and self-supporting. 
 
 Prior to the age of twenty-one our subject resided on the home 
 farm. In 1847, when in his twenty-second year, he enlisted in the 
 United States Regular Army for the Mexican War. After less than 
 a year of service he was honorably discharged in July, 1848. On his 
 return home he remained on the farm with his mother for two years. 
 
 His acquaintance with the dental art, as then understood, began 
 at Danville, Mo., under Dr. Socrates Hubbard, a physician who had 
 migrated from one of the Eastern states, and practiced dentistry on 
 occasions. Dr. Goodrich's own independent practice began in Danville 
 in 1852. Here he practiced seven years, then removed to Wentzville, 
 Mo., where he practiced continuously for forty years. He died No- 
 vember 29, 1899, aged seventy-four years. At the time of his death 
 
 81
 
 there were but two others m the state who could claim to have seen 
 longer service, viz., Dr. James A. Price, of Savannah, Mo., and Dr. 
 H. J. McKellops, of St. Louis. 
 
 Dr. Goodrich was an ardent worker in the interest of his pro- 
 fession. He was one of the charter members of the Missouri State 
 Dental Association, of which he was elected President in 1870. It is 
 probable that in all the years that have since elapsed he had not 
 missed more than half a dozen of its meetings since its organization. 
 In 1890 the Missouri Dental College conferred upon him an honorary- 
 degree of D. D. vS., which honor he highly appreciated. 
 
 In 1857 he made a full set of teeth, which were the first made in 
 the counties of Montgomer}-, Warren and Lincoln. He was a man of 
 great energy, well-informed in professional matters and ranked among 
 the most prominent members of the fraternity throughout the state. 
 Dr. Goodrich possessed exceptional skill as a gold foil operator and 
 in prosthetic work. 
 
 Dr. Goodrich was married, first in 1858, at Truxton, Mo., to Miss 
 Ann Franz, who died in 1875; secondly, in 1879, to Mrs. Maria Wom- 
 mack, who died in 1897. Of his eight children — all being issue of his 
 first marriage — three died in infancy and five still survive. The 
 youngest, W. G. Goodrich, D. D. S., of Chillicothe, Mo., was for many 
 years his father's associate in practice. 
 
 Dr. Goodrich was a Democrat in politics and a member of the 
 Christian Church. 
 
 82
 
 JOSEPH WILLIAM LUCKIE. 
 Seventh President. 
 
 Joseph William Luckie, son of John and Mary Luckie, was born 
 at Hopklnsville, Ky., May 28, 1828. His father was a farmer and 
 stock-raiser. Young Joseph was educated in the country schools and 
 worked on his father's farm until the beginning of the Civil War. He 
 entered the Confederate Army, and was wounded in the battle of 
 Springfield. Soon afterwards, while convalescing, he studied dentistry 
 with Dr. T. W. Reed at Mexico, Mo., where he practiced for thirty 
 years. 
 
 The early records do not state the year Dr. Luckie joined the 
 Missouri State Dental Association. However, he served as Corre- 
 sponding Secretary, 1870, and President, 1871. He was a skillful 
 dentist and mechanical genius. He was prominent as an Odd Fellow 
 and Mason, fond of music, and played the violin, and was keenly 
 appreciative of all that was beautiful in nature and art. He was mar- 
 ried April 25, 1865, to Miss Elizabeth Sallee, and was the father of 
 eight children. 
 
 He died November 27, 1901, from a stroke of paralysis, and was 
 buried in the Mexico cemetery. 
 
 83
 
 <fc^T 
 
 JOHN KING STARK, D. D. S. 
 Eighth President. 
 
 John King Starlc, son of John Starlv, was born at Bowling Green, 
 Ky., in 1S30. He attended the district school, assisted his father, 
 who was a merchant, and studied dentistry with a preceptor in Ken- 
 tucky. Here he practiced for a time, and in 1853 removed to Inde- 
 pendence, Mo., for practice. In 1855 he removed to Kansas City. In 
 18G2 Jamison's band arrested him as a Southern sympathizer, but 
 he was released upon the intervention of friends, and left at once for 
 Howard County, later to St. Louis, thence to Havana, Cuba, and later 
 to Mexico. While there he made, it is claimed, the first set of vul- 
 canized rubber dentures made in Mexico City, for which he received 
 $500. He returned to the United States and resumed practice in 
 Kansas City with Dr. George W. Tindall. This association continued 
 until 1873, when his son, W. T. Stark, became associated with him. 
 
 Dr. Stark was one of the organizers and a charter member of the 
 Missouri State Dental Association, 1865, and one of the first delegates 
 chosen to represent the association at the American Dental Associa- 
 tion. He presided as chairman in the absence of President Luckie 
 at the eighth annual session, Kansas City, 1872, at which time he 
 was elected President, presiding as same, 1873, at St. Joseph. He 
 was a member of the Kansas City Dental Society. Dr. Stark was 
 one of the organizers in 1881, and first Dean of the Kansas City 
 Dental College, as a department of the Kansas City Medical College. 
 This institution conferred on him the degree of D. D. S. Dr. Stark 
 was a skillful operator in all branches of dental surgery, and of pro- 
 nounced views on all professional subjects. Although the inventor of 
 several dental instruments, he did not believe the securing of patents 
 on dental appliances consistent with a liberal profession. 
 
 84
 
 He was fond of music and a discriminating critic and performer 
 on several instruments, a lover of nature in its best sense, fond of 
 good horses, the quality of which he was a good judge; a member 
 of the Episcopal Church, a Mason, Knight Templar and a Democrat 
 in politics. He was married in 1854 to Miss Vestine Porter. They 
 had two children, Maud J., now Mrs. .T. E. Guinotte, and William T. D. 
 D. S., a practitioner in Kansas City. His second wife was Miss Ellen 
 "White. They had one child, John Gage, who is a painter. 
 
 Dr. Stark died at Kansas City, January 25, 1895, at which time his 
 former student. Dr. Charles L. Hungerford, in a memoir of him, said: 
 "For nearly forty years a practitioner of dentistry in Jacl^son County, 
 Missouri, he was a witness of all the great epochs in modem dentis- 
 try. Commencing practice when a 'kit of tools,' a bottle of mercury and 
 a Spanish dollar were the dentist's stock in trade, he lived to help 
 and foster those movements that have placed modern dentistry an 
 honorable "confrere" of the learned professions. How much credit 
 is due those men who, struggling against every disadvantage, still 
 pushed their way in advance of the common run, we of the modem 
 dental school can scarcely appreciate. An original worker in cohesive 
 gold foil, long before the telegraph or rapid transit made possible the 
 interchange of professional thought. Dr. Stark built contour fillings 
 that are standing today, living testimonials to the skill, patience and 
 endeavor of the man who, with none to guide, and only hand-pressure 
 instruments, and gold leaf annealed over a shovel full of live char- 
 coal, could achieve such splended results. Of Dr. Sparks' professional 
 attainments, learned in the hard school of experience, his brethren, 
 who were ever anxious to receive the benefits of his knowledge and 
 judgment, speak with but one voice — that of praise and admiration. 
 We well remember his parting words to a fellow student, 'Go, and 
 may God speed you in your work. If you cannot make it, and are 
 hard pressed, remember you can draw on me for any reasonable 
 amount.' These -were words characteristic of the man in all his deal- 
 ings. No one ever came to him with open heart but left to find it 
 full. To do rather than to say was his guiding motive in life, and 
 the sum total of these deeds is the eternal monument he has reared 
 in man's memory, in that temple not made with hands. What words, 
 then, can we use to voice these qualities of heart and mind that 
 endeared him to all who knew him? We who have been his pupil 
 and his friend; we who in nearly twenty years of closest association 
 never heard him speak ill of a brother dentist. To him jealousy 
 was unknown; with hand, heart and purse ever open to the needs of 
 a weary world, he sought in every way to help, encourage and sustain. 
 The young student found in him a patient teacher; the man of prac- 
 tice, a fund of experience that seemed inexhaustible. 
 
 85
 
 "He was a gentleman of the old 'regime,' to whom courtesy and 
 forbearance "were as second nature, bred in the bone and finding ex- 
 pression in all those little courtesies of life that smooth and make 
 pleasant its rough, and stony places. Skilled in every gentlemanly 
 sport, his very presence seemed to exhale his love of nature and her 
 kindly ways, .^enthusiast with rod and gun, he was at home amid 
 field or stream, at peace with all the world. Stricken down in the 
 strength of his manhood, he was bright and cheerful to the end; and 
 if he repined at his fate, he locked the secret within his breast and 
 no word of complaint ever crossed his lips. He had found life's 
 greatest secret, the only never-failing source of human happiness — 
 to do good to his fellow-men. He once said to the writer: 'My boy, 
 learn to love your work, or you will never excel; learn to love it 
 well, and it will pay you back in content that will outweigh your 
 fees.' He was an indefatigable worker, ever at his post, prompt at 
 every appointment and unresting until it was fulfilled. His personal 
 magnetism was intense, influencing all who came in contact with him. 
 The soul of truth and honor, he was ever looking to the light and 
 finding good in everything." 
 
 86
 
 JAMES ALBERT PRICE. 
 Ninth Persident. 
 
 James Albert Price, son of Nathaniel H. and Nancy Lee Price, 
 was born September 7, 1829, in Bedford County, "Virginia. His father 
 was a planter in Virginia, and after his removal to Missouri was 
 Judge of Lafayette County. Young Price received his education at 
 the Van Doren High School, Lexington, Mo., and the Pleasant Hill 
 College, in the class with Senator Cockrell. He began the study of 
 dentistry with Dr. H. E. Peebles at Lexington, Mo., 1850, and in 1851 
 entered the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, where he remained 
 a short time, when an attack of "the California gold fever" caused 
 him to go to the Pacific Coast. Here he practiced at Shasta, Sonoma 
 and Santa Rosa, Cal., until 1857, when he started east. During the 
 fall and winter of 1851 he practiced for the ofRcers and their families 
 at Fort Leavenworth (Kan.), then Indian Territory. Dr. Price claims 
 to have been the first dentist to have practiced in Kansas when 
 there was only one house in the territory outside of Fort Leaven- 
 worth, and that kept by a half-blood Indian named "Johnny Cake," 
 and situated half way between that fort and West Port, Mo. 
 
 Dr. Price located at Weston, Mo., in 1857, where he practiced 
 until 1896. During his residence at Weston he served one term as 
 clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, when he removed to Savannah, 
 Mo., where he practiced until September, 1905, when he returned to 
 his old home in Weston. When the Missouri State Dental Associa- 
 tion was organized in 18G5, Dr. Price was a Colonel in the United 
 States Volunteer Cavalry, and not in active practice. However, he 
 sent a letter tendering his good will and interest in the association. 
 He became a member of the association June 2, 1809. was elected 
 
 87
 
 First Vice-President, 1872, and President, 1873; Treasurer, 1874. This 
 oflBce he held continuously twenty-six years, until 1900. 
 
 Dr. Price most ably served the association as the Committee 
 on Law for years. This was the only protection the registered 
 dentists had in Missouri before the passage of tlie dental law creat- 
 ing the State Board of Dental Examiners in 1897- He is an honorary 
 member of the Kansas State Dental Society. Dr. Price took a prom- 
 inent part in civic and secret society work in Missouri. He was 
 Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of I. O. O. F. of Missouri, Repre- 
 sentative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Missouri, Rep- 
 resentative of the Sovereign Grand Lodge, L O. O. F., for six years. He 
 held the office of L'nited States Assessor for a time, and in 1876 was 
 appointed Postmaster of Weston by President Grant. He was Presi- 
 dent of the School Board and Mayor of Weston, Mo., for eleven 
 years. He always has been rated as a high-class operator in all 
 departments of dentistry, and invented several useful instruments, 
 among them an articulator and extraction forcep for superior third 
 mclars. In 1861 Dr. Price recruited a company at Weston. He was 
 elected Captain, and later advanced to Colonel of the Twelfth Mis- 
 souri Cavalry, serving five years. He was in command of F'ort 
 Leavenworth eighteen months, and was wounded in the battle of 
 Shiloh. For a year after the Civil War he saw service fighting In- 
 dians in the Black Hills. 
 
 He was married to Miss Russella E. Wanier, a granddaughter of 
 Daniel Boone, February 5, 1852. Six children were born to them. She 
 died in 1875. In 1877 he was married to Miss Martha Adela Gibson. 
 On his return to Weston in September, 1905, he lost his sight, since 
 which time he has been unable to practice or do any kind of work. 
 
 88
 
 'iAl 
 
 
 SAMUEL BARNABAS PREVOST. 
 Tenth President. 
 
 Samuel Barnabas Prevost was born at Champlain, Clinton County, 
 New York. His father was Dr. Samuel Prevost, a dentist, and his 
 mother Mary Loomis Prevost. He studied dentistry with his father 
 beginning in 1859 at Greenville, Ohio. Here he continued until 1861, 
 when he enlisted in the Union Army, in the Second Brigade, com- 
 manded by General Summer, with whom he saw service in the opera- 
 tions about Harper's Ferry, Fair Oaks, Seven Pines, Harrison Landing, 
 Antietam, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. He served until the 
 expiration of his enlistment, .Tune 30, 1863, and re-enlisted in the 
 Twenty-first New York Cavalry, and took part in the battles of the 
 Shenandoah Valley, under General Philip Sheridan, during the latter 
 part of his service. He was Orderly Sergeant and was wounded in 
 the knee in a skirmish with Mosby's men. He resumed practice in 
 1867, and came West in 1870 and studied dentistry with Dr. J. K. 
 Stark at Kansas City, where he has practiced for nearly forty years 
 and is at this date (1909) the Dean of the Kansas City Dental Corps. 
 He joined the Missouri State Dental Association at the Kansas City 
 meeting, .June 4, 1872, and was elected President of the association in 
 1875. presiding at the twelfth annual meeting at Sedalia. .June T-S, 
 1876. 
 
 Dr. Prevost is an expert operative dentist and has justiv ac- 
 quired the reputation of being one of the most skillful manipulators 
 of gold foil in the country. He has especially excelled in gold and 
 platinum and gold and tin in combination. 
 
 He was married to Miss Sarah C. Lytle, August 30, 1868. To 
 them were born two children, Harry, D. D. S., and Mrs. Causil 
 Lechtman. August 30, 1896, he married Miss Mary P. Berry. 
 
 He was a charter member of George H. Thomas, G. A. R. Post, 
 and for many years active as a Knight of Pythias. 
 
 89
 
 CHARLES WILLIAM RIVERS, D. D. S. 
 Eleventh President. 
 
 Charles William Rivers, son of Charles and Sarah Stagg Rivers, 
 was born at Jainesville, Ohio, September 15, 1828. His early boyhood 
 days were spent at Mariette, Ohio, where he attended school. Later 
 he lived at Baltimore and at a village called Newtown (now Stephens 
 City), Va., where he worked for his uncle at tailoring. He lived a few 
 years at Lynchburg, Va. In 1856 he moved west to Springfield, 111., 
 then to Quincy, III., Hannibal, Mo., and then to Pittsfield. 111., where 
 he first began the practice .of dentistry. 
 
 He joined the Illinois State Dental Society May 12, 1868, the year 
 Dr. M. S. Dean was President. He came to St. Louis and was a 
 student of Dr. Isaiah Forbes, and was later associated with Dr. H. B. 
 Peebles during the Civil War. He attended lectures at the Missouri 
 Dental College, from which he graduated as D. D. S. in the first class, 
 February 23, 1867, and located at Pittsfield, 111., where he was en- 
 gaged in practice when he joined the Missouri State Dental Associa- 
 tion, June 6, 18G6. He did not move his family to St. Louis until 
 1S72. At the next annual meeting, 18(57. Dr. Rivers offered the fol- 
 lowing resolution: 
 
 "Resolved, That a committee be appointed by the chair to take 
 into consideration the necessity of the establishment of a Dental 
 Journal in the City of St. Louis, and th^t said committee make such 
 arrangements as they may deem proper for the early establishment 
 of such a journal." Adopted. 
 
 From this "The Missouri Dental Journal" was organized. He 
 was one of the delegates chosen to the American Dental Association, 
 1868. When the Missouri Dental College was organized, 1866, Dr. 
 Rivers was appointed a menilier of the first Board of Trustees. He 
 
 90
 
 served in this capacity until 1875. During the session of 1874-8 he 
 was Dean of the faculty and Professor of Operative Dentistry the 
 session of 1874-5 in this school. 
 
 He was elected President of the Missouri State Dental Associa- 
 tion, 1874, and served as President at the eleventh annual meeting, 
 St. Louis, JuiK' 1, 1S75. He was TrL-sideiU of tlit- vSt. Louis Dental 
 Society, 1S74. 
 
 He was married August 5, 1850, to Miss Emoline Widdows, of 
 Stephen City, Va. Seven children blessed their union. He died of 
 tuberculosis in Atlanta, Ga., November 13, 1877, and was buried at 
 Pittsfield, 111. 
 
 91
 
 GEORGE ALEXANDER BOWMAN, D. D. S. 
 
 Twelfth President. 
 
 George Alexander Bowman, son of Joseph and Asenath Bowman, 
 was born at Barnard, Vt., June 6, 1839. His early boyhood was 
 spent on his father's farm. He attended the common school in the 
 native village, and also had an academic course at Royalton and 
 Newbury. Vt. Dr. N. W. Gilbert, an itinerant dentist, visited his 
 father's home; his exhibition of a case of fine dental instruments 
 and some skillful dental operations, in which young Bowman was inter- 
 ested, was the incentive that led him into dentistry. He entered the 
 office of Dr. Gilbert, of Lowell, Mass., October, 1857. A year's tute- 
 lage with him and Dr. H. N. Roberts, rf Ludlow, Vt., was deemed 
 sufficient to enable young Bowman to bp^n an office at Canton, St. 
 Lawrence County, New York, October 8, 1858, where in company 
 with his brother, the late Dr. J. A. Bowman, of Minneapolis, he prac- 
 ticed until September 20, 1862, when he came West, locating at St. 
 Anthony's Falls, Minn, (now East Minneapolis). Here he stayed a 
 year and a half. In May, 1865, he opened an office in Milwaukee. 
 This he sold in October, and came to St. Ivouis, arriving November 
 9, 1865, first becoming associated with Dr. Isaiah Forbes, with whom 
 he remained four years. Here he has practiced to the present time. 
 He assisted in organizing the Missouri Dental College, chartered 
 September 16, 1866, in which he was the first demonstrator of pros- 
 thetic dentistry, and for years a member of the Board of Trustees, 
 and of the Clinical Staff. From this institution he received the D. D. S. 
 degree February 22, 1867, at the first commencement exercises. He 
 and Dr. A. W. French, of Springfield. 111., are the only surviving mem- 
 bers of this class, and the oldest living graduates of the school. He 
 was President of the Missouri Dental College Alumni Association 
 
 92
 
 in 1891. Dr. Bowman joined the Missouri State Dental Association 
 June 4, 1867; was its Secretary 1870-1-2, Vice-President 1875, and 
 President 1876. He was President of the St. I^ouis Dental Society in 
 1873. He is an honorary member of the Illinois and Iowa State 
 Dental Associations, and President, of the St. Louis Society of Dental 
 Science, 1908. If Dr. Bowman is anything he is both an optimist and 
 enthusiast. Always ready to learn from the humblest member of the 
 profession and equally ready to instruct. He has always been experi- 
 menting with the new things in dentistry. Of an ingenious turn, Dr. 
 Bowman has invented a number of useful instruments, amongst them 
 a gum retractor, which preceded the present rubber dam clamp. This 
 was put on the market by the S. S. White Co.; also an improved 
 clamp forcep, manufactured by S. S. White Co., and known as the 
 "Bowman-Allen forcep," as well as a mouth mirror and cheek re- 
 tractor. He was one of the first to use gutta-percha root canal points 
 of his own manufacture. With an exceptional skill as an operator, 
 he has done much to ornament and enhance his profession. His 
 operations are all of the highest order of excellence. 
 
 He was married March 17, 1864, to Miss Jennie E. Homer. To 
 them were born George Homer. Birdie Bell (D. D. S.), Jennie Eliza- 
 beth, Grace Adelle, Paul Homer, Ariadne Josephine and Florence 
 Hope. 
 
 In politics Dr. Bowman is a Republican. He has no church 
 affiliations, believing in "the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood 
 of man" in the true sense of the word. In secret societies Dr. Bow- 
 man has been a "jiner" He is a member of the Masonic (33 degree), 
 and of the I. O. O. F., Knights of Pythias, Royal Arcanum and Legion 
 of Honor, in all of which he has filled the highest offices, and been 
 prominent in the ritualistic and dramatic work. Possessing a fine 
 tenor voice, he sang for twelve years in St. Louis church choirs, also 
 took a prominent part in amateur operas, oratorios, etc. He was a 
 member of the old Philharmonic Society and of the Oratoric Society, 
 as well as of the St. Louis Club and the St. Louis Jockey Club. 
 
 The St. Louis Society of Dental Science, of which Dr. Bowman 
 was President, 1908, in recognition of his long and useful career and 
 his contributions to dental surgery, gave a dinner in his honor on his 
 golden jubilee at the Jefferson Hotel, October 8. 
 
 After the dinner the following program was carried out, each of 
 the speakers dwelling on the splendid service and devotion of Dr. 
 Bowman to his profession: 
 
 Dr. Edward E. Haverstick — Toastmaster. 
 
 Dr. Herman Cassel — Dr. Bowman as a Friend. 
 
 Dr. A. H. Fuller — Absent Ones. 
 
 Dr. E. P. Dameron — Dr. Bowman as Young as Ever. 
 
 93
 
 Dr. Frank O. Hetrick, Ottawa, Kansas — A Good Investment. 
 
 Dr. Charles L. Hungerford, Kansas City — The Ladies. 
 
 Dr. John D. Patterson, Kansas City — Golden Days of Youth. 
 
 Dr. Burton Lee Thorpe — Our Guest, and Why we Honor Him. 
 
 The last speaker presented, in behalf of the Society, a beautiful 
 cut glass loving cup, which was filled and all present drank to the 
 health, future happiness and prosperity of Dr. Bowman, who his "con- 
 freres" hope will be spared for many years of useful service to his 
 calling. 
 
 The Kansas City Dental Society and the Kansas City Odonto- 
 graphies also entertained Dr. Bowman and Dr. A. H. Fuller with a 
 dinner October 16 and 17, 1908. 
 
 94
 
 GEORGE WIT.LIAM TINDALL. 
 Thirteenth President. 
 
 The death of Dr. Tindall, the last surviving organizer of the Mis- 
 souri State Dental Association, occurred April 3, 1908, at his resi- 
 dence in Kansas City. 
 
 George William Tindall, the son of James and Barbara Tindall. 
 sturdy farmer folk, was born in Howard County, Mo., February, 1832. 
 He obtained his early education in the country schools of Howard 
 and Grundy Counties, and became a clerk in a general merchandise 
 store in St. Joseph. He formed the acquaintance of Dr. H. E. Peebles, 
 then a practicing dentist at Lexington, Mo., and afterwards a prom- 
 inent practitioner in St. Louis, where he was largely instrumental in 
 organizing the Missouri State Dental Association, October 31, 1865. 
 Dr. Tindall entered Dr. Peebles' office as a student at Lexington, 
 September, 1853, afterwards, 1854, attended one session at the Ohio 
 College of Dental Surgery at Cincinnati, but did not graduate. 
 
 February 5, 1855, he began practice in Kansas City, establishing 
 the first dental office there. Here he continued practice fifty-three 
 years, until his death. In 1865 he became associated with Dr. J. K. 
 Stark as a partner. This partnership lasted until 1873. 
 
 He was present at the meeting of organization of the Missouri 
 State Dental Association, St. Louis, October 31, 1SG5, and was one of 
 a committee of five appointed to nominate the permanent officers of 
 the association, and also selected as one of the delegates to the 
 American Dental Association. 
 
 At the second annual meeting he was elected Second Vice-Presi- 
 dent. For four years following ill health prevented his attendance. 
 However, he was elected President in 1877 and ably served in this 
 capacity at Sweet Springs in 1878. 
 
 In response to a letter from Dr. Thorpe regarding the early his- 
 
 95
 
 torj- of the Missouri State Dental Association. Dr. Tindall says: "'Dr. 
 J. K. Stark and myself, who were then partners, received a letter from 
 Dr. H. E. Peebles (who had been in partnership with Dr. Stark along 
 in the early fifties, and also with myself in 1855, up to the time the 
 war broke out), asking Stark and myself to come to St. Louis to 
 help form a state society. We both went down. When we got there 
 we found the dentists all at loggerheads. There was a great deal of 
 ill feeling and animosity existing, and prospects for harmonizing them 
 seemed very remote. However, we, with Dr. M. McCoy, of Boonville, 
 and some other country dentists went to work to try to make peace 
 between them. This took a day or two. We saw Drs. Peebles, Forbes, 
 Blake, Spalding, McKellops, Barron, Sloan and others and had a con- 
 ference with them. They agreed to make up their differences and 
 misunderstandings and go into a meeting and form an association. 
 After they got together we had pretty smooth sailing, and the asso- 
 ciation was formed and the Code of Ethics of the American Dental 
 Association was adopted. Dr. McKellops was elected the first Presi- 
 dent. We had an interesting meeting and were all benefited by it." 
 
 Dr. Tindall was'one of the organizers of the Kansas City Dental 
 Society, 1867, and served as its first President. He was a member of 
 the American Dental Association and the Kansas State Dental Society. 
 
 Dr. Tindall was married July 14, 1858, to Miss Marie Macartney. 
 To them were born Charles M., Mary Louise, Laura Lee and George 
 W., Jr. 
 
 Dr. Charles L. Hungerford. in a recent memorial of Dr. Tindall, 
 has beautifully said: 
 
 • "Nay. but as when one layeth 
 ■ His worn-out robes away, 
 •^nd taking new ones, sayeth, 
 'These will I wear today.' 
 So putteth by, the spirit 
 
 Lightly its garb of flesh. 
 And passeth to inherit 
 A residence afresh." 
 
 "So passed behind the scenes the warrior soul of Dr. George W. 
 Tindall. On life's great stage he played the hero to the last drop of 
 the curtain. For fifty years a pioneer in the field of dentistry, he was 
 the last surviving link in the West between the old order of the ages 
 and the new. With hand and heart devoted to his calling, his influ- 
 ence has left an indelible imprint for those high ideals of professional 
 conduct to which we all aspire. For fifty years his hand has been 
 outstretched to all in kindly, helpful greeting; for fifty years a loving 
 husband, father, friend. Who shall say his life was not complete? 
 
 96
 
 standing iii his age and streiii^th upon the shining heights, sur- 
 rounded by all that makes life dear shrouding him in their shining 
 folds, have borne him to that fair land across the seas and far be- 
 yond, but more beautiful than all, we still can hear his voice calling 
 back to us, 'Be faithful even unto the end.' The mists still gather, 
 darkness: then the dawn, and then tomorrow, and yet again tomor- 
 row." 
 
 97
 
 ALBERT HOMER FULLER, D. D. S., M. D. 
 
 Fourteenth President. 
 
 Albert Homer Fuller, son of Albert and Julia Judd Fuller, was 
 born at Sandlsfield, Berkshire County, Mass., October 14, 1841. His 
 father was at first engaged in merchandizing, but in 1850 purchased 
 a paper mill in Fairhaven, Vt., where he engaged in the manufacture 
 of paper, under the firm name of "Fuller & Sweet." Later he engaged 
 in the manufacture of saw mills and mill machinery at Warsaw, 111., 
 where he died in 1880. 
 
 ' Young Albert attended school at Castleton Seminary, Castleton, 
 Vt; Troy Conference Academy, Poultney, Vt., and Granville Academy, 
 North Granville, N. Y. Following this he taught school until 1862. 
 The Civil War breaking out. he enlisted and served until its close 
 with the One Hundred and Eighteenth Illinois Infantry, taking part 
 in the siege of Vicksburg and other operations under Sherman and 
 Grant, retiring as Second Lieutenant of Company E. After the close 
 of the war he came to St. Louis and entered the office of his uncle, 
 Dr. Homer Judd, as a student of medicine and dentistry. He at- 
 tended lectures at the St. Louis Medical College, from which he re- 
 ceived the M. D. degree in 1871, and the D. D. S. degree from the 
 Missouri Dental College in 1871, and practiced continuously for 
 forty years in the City of St. Louis, until 1909, when he retired. 
 
 Dr. Fuller became a member of the Missouri State Dental Asso- 
 ciation June 7, 1871, and was elected a trustee of the Missouri Dental 
 College, 1873, and at once took a prominent part in the association's 
 proceedings — committee work, discussions and reading papers and 
 as a clinician. He was elected President of the Association at Sweet 
 Springs June 4, 1878, and presided at the fifteenth annual meeting 
 at Sweet Springs, June 3-5, 1879. Dr. Fuller has received many honors 
 
 98
 
 at the hands of his professional confreres. He was President of the 
 St. Louis Dental Society, 1878, and was an active member in it until 
 1903, when he resigned with others who became disgusted with the 
 lack of enthusiasm and the political methods of those who dominated 
 the society. He was one of the organizers and first President of the 
 St. Louis Society of Dental Science, 1900; Treasurer American Dental 
 Association, 1887 to 1898; Corresponding member Illinois State Dental 
 Society, honorary member Iowa State Dental Society, member Na^ 
 tional Dental Association. 
 
 Probably Dr. F\iller's greatest work was done as a teacher in the 
 Missouri Dental College. Immediately following his graduation in 
 1871, he was appointed demonstrator of surgical and operative den- 
 tistry. In 1874 he was elected Professor of Mechanical Dentistry, 
 1879 Professor of Operative Dentistry. This chair he filled continu- 
 ously until 1901, when he resigned and was made Emeritus Professor 
 of Operative Dentistry. In 1873 he was elected Secretary of the Fac- 
 ulty and continued in this capacity until 1899. At the death of Dr. H. 
 H. Mudd he succeeded to the oflSce of Dean, serving as such until 
 1901, when he resigned from the faculty. 
 
 Dr. Fuller has written many papers on various subjects read be- 
 fore dental societies and published in our professional periodicals. 
 He first made, used and exhibited the flexible wrist now found on 
 cable dental engines. 
 
 He was married in 1874 to Miss Mary E. Darst. Three children 
 were born to them, Alfred, D. D. S.; Homer A. and Helen J. 
 
 99
 
 CALVIN BLYTHE HEWITT, D. D. S. 
 Fifteenth President. 
 
 Calvin Blythe Hewitt, the son of John and Hephazibah Hewitt, 
 was born March 22, 1847, in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania. His 
 boyhood was spent on his father's farm. He attended the common 
 school, and later the Pine Grove Academy, and followed the vocation 
 of farming. In 18G6 he began the study of dentistry with Dr. R. B. 
 Moore, at Mooresville, Huntingdon County, Pa., and in 1868 located 
 at Kansas City, where he continued practice until 1900, when he re- 
 tired from practice and removed to his country place near Kansas 
 City, where he still resides. 
 
 He commanded a large practice and was noted for his high-grade 
 gold work. He was a frequent contributor of papers to the "Western 
 Dental Journal." 
 
 In 1881 he, in conjunction with Drs. Patterson, Hungerford, Stark 
 and Pearson, organized the Kansas City Dental College, in which he 
 ably filled the chair as Professor of Clinical Dentistry, and from which 
 he received the degree of D. D. S., 1888. 
 
 He joined the Missouri State Dental Association June 5, 1877, and 
 was elected its President. In this capacity he served at the fifteenth 
 meeting at Sweet Springs, June 4, 1879. 
 
 He also was a member of the Kansas State Dental Society and 
 the Kansas City. Denjtal. .Society. , . i . . 
 
 He -^aa msavie^ DecemJber 30,.'1875r iq Tjliss Kate W. Shaffer. 
 
 100
 
 JOHN GEDDES HARPER, D. D. S. 
 Sixteenth President. 
 
 John Geddes Harper, the son of James Wilson and Mary Ann 
 Lj'dick Harper, was born in Crawford County, Ohio, April 18, 1848. 
 His boyhood was spent on his father's farm, and his early education 
 obtained from the common schools in Illinois and Minnesota, and 
 later at the State University of Minnesota. Following this he taught 
 school and clerked. Seeing the advertisement of Dr. Joseph A. Bow- 
 man (a brother of Dr. George A. Bowman, of St. Louis) in a Minne- 
 apolis newspaper, he applied for the position, was accepted and en- 
 tered his office as a student May 1, 1873. Here he remained seven- 
 teen months. He removed to St. Louis in 1874 and entered the Mis- 
 souri Dental College, from which he graduated in 1877, after which 
 he attended the St. Louis Medical College two years of a three years' 
 course. 
 
 Dr. Harper invented a rubber dara weight and contributed a num- 
 ber of papers to the dental journals. He was associate editor of "The 
 Archives of Dentistry" from 1884 to 1890, and editor of same for 1891. 
 
 He joined the Missouri State Dental Association June 4. 1878, 
 was elected a member of the Executive Committee 1879, and Presi- 
 dent 1880, Corresponding Secretary 1881, and Recording Secretary for 
 five years. He was Recording Secretary for five years, beginning 
 1876, of the St. Louis Dental Society, and served three years as Presi- 
 dent of same, i. e., 1883. 1890 and 1898, respectively, and was a mem- 
 ber of the American Dental Association, the Illinois State Dental 
 Society and the Missouri Dental College Alumni Association, of which 
 he was President. 
 
 He was married to Miss Mary E. Houston in 1879. To them five 
 children were born. 
 
 101
 
 CHARLES HAMMOND DARBY, D. D. S. 
 Seventeenth President. 
 
 Charles Hammond Darby was born July 2, 1844, at Green, Che- 
 nago County, New York. His parents were Rev. Chauncey Darby, a 
 Baptist minister of English descent, who married Mary Ann Short, 
 of Quaker descent. 
 
 Young Darby received his preliminary education at the Cincinatus 
 Academy, New York, and at the Normal School at Homer, N. Y. At 
 the beginning of the Civil War he entered the United States Armory 
 at Springfield, Mass. Here he served two years, manufacturing 
 Springfield rifles. This preliminary training greatly developed his me- 
 chanical dexterity. In 1864 he entered the office of Dr. Ranson Walker 
 at Owego, N. Y., as a student. Here he remained one year. His 
 brother, Dr. Edwin T. Darby, now of Philadeli)hia, had preceded him 
 as a student with Dr. Walker, and his cousin, Dr. Frank B. Darby, 
 now of Elmira, N. Y., succeeded him with the same preceptor. In 
 1865 he began practice at Marion, Wayne County, N. Y., where his 
 parents resided. Soon after his family moved to Fairfield, la. Here 
 he practiced nine months, until June, 1866, when he removed to St. 
 Joseph and formed a partnership with Dr. Robert Gunn, who had 
 formerly lived at Lockport, N. Y. In 1877 ho formed a partnership 
 with Dr. J. M. Austin. This association continued for nineteen years. 
 When Dr. Darby located at St. Joseph there were but three dental 
 offices in the city. He there introduced the first dental engine, the 
 first rubber dam and the first nitrous-oxide gas outfit ever seen or 
 used in that section of the country. At the thirty-fifth anniversary of 
 the Chicago Dental Society, Dr. Darby demonstrated the uses of the 
 Jenkins porcelain, the first time it was shown in the West. 
 
 Dr. Darby probably has the best equipped dental office in Mis- 
 souri. Ill ( )c'(ol)fr, 1X66, he went to IMiiladelphia, where he took a course 
 
 102
 
 of lectures at the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, from 
 which he received the D. D. S. degree, 1867. 
 
 Dr. Darby joined the Missouri State Dental Association June 5, 
 1872, at Kansas City, the same day as did Drs. A. H. Thompson, of 
 Topeka, and J. D. Patterson, of Lawrence, Kan. Dr. Darby at once 
 took a prominent part in the discussions and was a constant con- 
 tributor of papers and clinics for years. He was elected second Vice- 
 President, 1873 ; fii'st Vice-President, 1879, and President, 1881. 
 
 Dr. Darby is also a member of the National Dental Association, 
 the Kansas State Dental Society, the Interstate and Delta Sigma 
 Delta Dental Fraternities, the Kansas City Odontographies, of which 
 he was President in 1905. 
 
 In 1880 Dr. Darby was married to Mrs. Ada Leonard Hawks (the 
 widow of Bishop Hawks, the first Episcopal bishop of Missouri). 
 They have one daughter. Mrs. Darby was born and reared at Fayette, 
 Howard County, Mo., and was the daughter of Abiel Leonard, Judge 
 of the Supreme Court of Missouri. 
 
 Dr. Darby has stood for the highest in ethics and ideals in den- 
 tistry. With his skill, fastidiousness and his gentlemanly demeanor 
 he won for himself the most exclusive clientel and hosts of friends 
 in the profession. 
 
 103
 
 JOHN WESLEY REED, D. D. S. 
 Eighteenth President. 
 
 John Weslej' Reed, son of John and Prudence Reed, was born 
 March 27, 1838. in Boone County, Missouri. His father was a farmer. 
 He was educated in the country schools, and at the Missouri State 
 University at Columbia. He commenced the study of dentistry with 
 his brother. Dr. T. W. Reed, at Mexico, later took a course of lec- 
 tures at the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, from which 
 he graduated in 1877. He returned to Mexico, where he practiced 
 until his removal to Butte, Mont., in 1882, where he practiced his 
 profession and served a term as a member of the Montana State 
 Board of Dental Examiners, of which he was President. He was also 
 the first President of the Montana Dental Association. Dr. Reed 
 joinel the Missouri State Dental Association June 1, 1875, at St. 
 Loui'^. He served as second Vice-President, 1880; first Vice-President, 
 1881, and was elected President, 1882. 
 
 He married Miss M. E. Rohwcll, of Callaway County. August 27, 
 18C1. They have four children. 
 
 104
 
 DRl'RV JOHNSTON McMII.LEN, D. D. S, M. D. 
 Nineteenth President. 
 
 Drury Johnston McMillen, son of G. W. and Cornelia McMillan, 
 was born March 2S, 1S40, in Bracken County, Kentucky. His father 
 was a carpenter. His early education was received at Williamstown, 
 Ky.. schools, and at Armstrong and Bennett Academy at Chillicothe, 
 Mo., where his family had moved in 1S57. 
 
 In 1S74 he entered the oflBce of Dr. J. W. Greene, at Chillicothe, 
 as a student. Following this he took a course at the Missouri Dental 
 College, from which he graduated in 1877. Immediately following this, 
 June 5, he was elected a member of the Missouri State Dental Asso- 
 ciation, in which he immediately took a prominent part as an essayist 
 and clinician. In 1878-9 and 1881 he served as second Vice-President, 
 1882 as first Vice-President, and elected President 1883. Aft?^r his 
 graduation he located at Brunswick, Mo. Here he remained nine 
 years, until 188G, when he removed to Kansas City, where he was 
 actively engaged in practice until 1894, when he retired to devote his 
 entire time to college work. He was the leading spirit in the or- 
 ganizing of the Western Dental College, 1890. Soon after its organiza- 
 tion he was elected Dean and Professor of Operative Dentistry: both 
 positions he still holds. The success of the school has been largely 
 due to his strong personality and his untiring energy. He was Presi- 
 dent of the National Affociaticn of Dental Faculties, 1898-9; Vice- 
 President for the West of the National D-i^ntal Association, 190G-7, and 
 honorary member of the Kansas;, Nebraska Texa=, Colorado, Okla- 
 homa and Alabama State Dental Societies. He received the degree 
 of M. D. from the University Mediral Crli^pp 1894. 
 
 Dr. McMillen was married in 1SG8 to Miss Sallie Poindexter. 
 To them were born Frank, D. D. S.: Harry, D. D. S.; Mabel. Bessie 
 and Ruth. 
 
 105
 
 FRANKLIN SWAP. 
 
 Twentieth President. 
 
 Franklin Swap was born in Cohooes, N. Y., near Albany, August 
 19, 1830. In 1848 he moved with his family to Crawford County, 
 Pennsylvania. In his youth he learned the trade of cabinet-maker 
 from his father, which he followed for eight years. In 1854, three 
 years after his marriage, he moved, with his family, to Taylor County, 
 Iowa. He "took up a claim" and tried to work at his trade, but there 
 was no demand for a cabinet-maker on the prairies of Iowa. It was 
 here he acquired a knowledge of dentistry. An itinerant dentist filled 
 some teeth for his wife. In less than two weeks they fell out. Young 
 Swap, being a mechanic, declared he could do better dentistry than 
 that. He secured a copy of Harris' "Principles and Practice of Den- 
 tistry" and began study, making his own instruments, pluggers, ex- 
 cavators, dhisels and forceps in a blacksmith shop from illustrations 
 in this book and in a dental catalogue. He also made himself a cabi- 
 net, chair, bracket, and later in life three automatic mallets. He was 
 an expert of the old school, who loved the laboratory and excelled in 
 gold, continuous gum and rubber plate work. He practiced in Iowa 
 until 1862, at which time he enlisted in the Union Army, serving dur- 
 ing the Civil War, and being musteied out with rank of Captain. For 
 a time he was Provost Marshal of the territory comprising Central 
 Missouri. At the close of the war he returned to Iowa, but in De- 
 cember, 1865, opened an office in Boonville. Mo., where he practiced 
 his profession until declining health and strength made it necessary 
 for him to desist. 
 
 P'roni the time of his advent in Hoonvilli'. Dr. Swap l)t'came 
 prominent in public affairs. He was Secretary of the School Board 
 from 1867 to ISSO. He was for a time Secretary of the Osage Valley 
 and Southern Railway Company. For many years he was Registrar 
 
 106
 
 of the city of Boonville and for several terms its Mayor, his last term 
 having expired in April, 1902. He was a charter member of Golden 
 Gate Lodge, 91, K. of P., and one of the oldest members of Far 
 West Lodge, I. O. O. F. He was esteemed and respected by all who 
 knew him for his excellent ideas of the duties of citizenship. He was 
 ever ready and willing to render efficient service in forwarding the 
 interests of the community in which he lived. He was married to 
 Miss Mary E. Mitchell, of New York, August 2, 185L Four children 
 and his widow survived him. One son, Dr. Charles Swap, is a prac- 
 titioner of dentistry in Boonville. 
 
 Dr. Swap became a member of the Missouri State Dental As- 
 sociation June 4, 1867, at the third annual meeting at St. J.,ouis, Mo. 
 He was the inventor of an ingenious nitrous-oxide gas inhaler, a specimen 
 of which he exhibited to the members of the association at this meet- 
 ing. This inhaler he donated to the Missouri Dental College. He was 
 elected President of the association, 1884. 
 
 While not prominent in the association as a speaker or in execu- 
 tive work, Dr. Swap was one of "the old guard," always faithful and 
 ready for any task assigned him. He died September 4, 1902, at 
 Boonville. 
 
 
 -« 
 
 107
 
 ABLE J. PROSSER, D. D. S. 
 Twenty-first President. 
 
 Joined tlie Missouri State Dental Association June 6, 1877, and 
 was elected President, 1885. 
 
 ("Declines to have his 'obituary' written at this time, etc.") 
 
 108
 
 WILLIAM NEBRASKA CONRAD, D. D. S. 
 Twenty-second President. 
 
 William Nebraska Conrad, son of Simon Conrad (a native of 
 Hanover, Pa.) and Mary Catherine Kincaid Conrad (a native of Lex- 
 ington, Ky.), was born April 29, 1854, in an emigrant wagon in Ne- 
 braslta Territory, while his parents were en route to California. His 
 early education was obtained in the Grammar Schools at Placerville 
 and Petaluua, Cal., and later at Ann Arbor, Mich. He worked as a 
 helper for his fath'er, who was a manufacturer of agricultural imple- 
 ments, and later was a clerk in a law office. He began the study of 
 dentistry in 1877 with Drs. Henry Fisher and C. N. Stark, of St. 
 Louis, attended the Western College of Dental Surgeons at St. Louis, 
 from which he received the D. D. S. degree in 1878. Soon after he 
 became the professional associate of Dr. Henry Fisher. This asso- 
 ciation continued until Dr. Fisher's death in 1893. He attended lec- 
 tures at the Missouri Medical College in 1881. 
 
 Dr. Conrad joined the Missouri State Dental Association at the 
 sixteenth annual meeting at Sweet Springs, June 15, ISSO; at the 
 same session presented a paper on "Anaesthetics;" at the next ses- 
 sion, 1881, he read a paper on "Irregularity." In 1882 he read a paper 
 on "Mercury and Its Effects" before the association, and in 1884 a 
 paper on "Practice," published in the "Missouri Dental Journal," Vol. 
 XV, October, 1883, pages 289-93, in which he probably first described 
 the method on making the so-called Richmond crown: "First take 
 the measure of the root with silver ligature wire — the finer the better. 
 All other methods of taking the size of the root are painful or inac- 
 curate — sometimes both. Make a band to correspond in size with 
 your measure of coin-gold No. 30. W^hen you want a very stiff band, 
 20K. gold will make it. When there is danger of burning the band, 
 the combination plate of gold and platinum is good. Drive the band 
 
 109
 
 accurately on the root, to the process — filing the band so that it will 
 follow the irregularities of the ridge. When the band is driven down 
 to where it is wanted, file the band and root together to where you 
 want it to be, when the case is finished. Sometimes the band will be 
 below the gum, at other times considerably above it — circumstances 
 must regulate the amount of band you desire to show. This done, re- 
 move the band and solder a piece of 18k-2S plate over it. This will 
 make a water-tight cup or cap. To do this, first flow the solder on 
 the piece of plate, and then attach to it the piece of band. Now we 
 have the cup ready for the pin, which is to go into the pulp canal. 
 To do this, punch a hole in the plate of the cap the size j'ou want 
 the pin to be, and then solder in a platinum pin. The cap, with its 
 pin to be, is now ready to be driven onto the root again. Drive it 
 to place — take an articulation, remove the cap from the root, place it 
 in the mark made for it in the articulation, pour with plaster and 
 asbestos, after which proceed just the same as if a plate tooth was 
 to be soldered on to a flat piece of plate — you have a complete articu- 
 lation, and there can be no mistake. By this method of adjusting 
 porcelain crowns, you can let the tooth extend over the edge of the 
 cap at the gum, where the space is large, or the root is small, with 
 perfect ease and safety, thereby doing away with disagreeable spaces 
 at or near the gum. I claim for this method of adjusting porcelain 
 crown ease and perfect adaptation, great beauty, greater strength, 
 and a hermetically sealed root; being able to give the crown any 
 angle, and to feel sure that it will have the same appearance in the 
 mouth you expected it to have while in the laboratory. Dress and 
 finish it perfectly, so that you have nothing else to do when the pa- 
 tient comes but to cement it on the root. I use for this oxy-phos- 
 phate; sometimes it may be necessary to use an amalgam. Openings 
 for the escape of surplus composition are never necessary." Dr. 
 Conrad has been a frequent contributor of papers and clinics, and 
 prominent in the discussions and on various committees, and was 
 elected President, 1886. He was President of the St. Louis Dental So- 
 ciety, 1886; Chairman of the Local Arrangement and Reception Com- 
 mittee and Honorary President of the Fourth International Dental 
 Congress, St. Louis, 1904; Vice-President for the West, National Den- 
 tal Association, 1905-6; member of St. Louis Society of Dental 
 Science; honorary member of the Southern Illinois Dental Society, 
 and the Iowa State Dental Society, and of the Masonic Order, and a 
 Republican in politics. 
 
 Dr. Conrad was married in 1886 to Miss Nelle Plant. They have 
 two children, Helen and William Lightner Conrad. 
 
 110
 
 WILLIA.M NEWTON MORRISON, D. D. S. 
 
 Twenty-third President. 
 
 William Newton iMorrison, the son of John and Sarah Hammond 
 Morrison, was born at East Springfield, Jefferson County, Ohio, May 
 25, 1842. His father operated a saw mill, in which young Morrison 
 worked when not attending the district school. At the age of eight- 
 een he began doing mechanical work, and studied dentistry for three 
 years at St. Louis, with his brothers, Dr. James B. Morrison, the in- 
 ventor of the Morrison dental engine and the Morrison dental chair, 
 and Dr. Alexander W. Morrison. He afterwards took a course of lec- 
 tures at the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, from which he received 
 the D. D. S. degree in 18G4. He returned to St. Louis, where he con- 
 tinued in active practice until his death. His earnestness and skill 
 soon earned him prominence in the profession. 
 
 He took an active part in dental society work throughout his 
 professional career. He was a charter member of the Missouri State 
 Dental Association, October 31, 1865, and much in evidence as an 
 earnest worker in the early meetings of the association. He was 
 Recording Secretary, 1866; Corresponding Secretary, 1867-8; Treas- 
 urer, 1870-1; first Vice-President. 1877, and President, 1887. He es- 
 pecially did valuable work as a clinical demonstrator before the as- 
 sociation, at which he was an expert. He was President of the St. 
 Louis Dental Society, 1891, and a member of the American Dental 
 Association and the Illinois and Iowa State Dental Societies. 
 
 He was one of the founders of the Missouri Dental College, 1866. 
 and elected Demonstrator of Mechanical Dentistry, 186S. and Pro- 
 fessor of Mechanical Dentistry, 1881. He served for years as a 
 member of the Board of Trustees, also gave a series of valuable 
 clinical lectures on root filling, transplantation and re-plantation of 
 teeth. In this operation he especially excelled. 
 
 Ill
 
 Dr. Morrison was an expert operator in all departments of den- 
 tistry, more gifted than the average man. His prosthetic operations 
 werp perfection, and his operative work masterpieces. It is claimed 
 and proven beyond a reasonable doubt that he is the inventor of the 
 first gold band crown. This crown he made and set in January, 1869. 
 The following description of this operation was reported by him in 
 "The Missouri Dental Journal. Vol. I, No. V, May 1869, pages 184-5: 
 "A New Operation." 
 
 "Miss W. came to me with a first left lower molar decayed to the 
 extent that the entire lingual and a greater part of the labial sur- 
 faces below the gum were removed. The roots were filled properly 
 with gold and the crown was built up in good style; but the t vo 
 walls being of such a shape that the filling could not be made self-re- 
 taining. 1 took a natural tooth, corresponding as nearly as possible 
 in size and shape to its fellow of the opposite side, and imbedded its 
 roots in plaster to make a model from which to get a metallic die 
 over which to swage a gold cap. I used a thin piece of pure gold 
 plate, cutting it at the corners; giving but a slight lap for soldering 
 after it was perfectly fitted to the die. I then fitted this cap ac- 
 "curately to the remaining portion of the tooth in the patient's mouth, 
 allowing it to extend under the free margin of the gum quite to the 
 alveolus, which was about the thirty-second part of an inch below 
 the margin of decay. After soldering a bar across the cap from the 
 lingual to the labial surfaces, it was finished and polished at the 
 lathe. I then prepared the patient's mouth as usual for filling; made 
 a thin paste of oxy-chloride of zinc; filled the cap and pressed it to 
 its place. The superfluous cement was crowded out of the cap and 
 removed at the margin of the gum. I ha:l the pleasure of seeing that 
 tooth today, nearly four months after the operation, and had the 
 gratification of seeing and hearing it pronounced a perfect success." 
 
 He also was inventor of the Morrison dental bracket, polishing 
 wheels and many other useful instruments, which he originated or 
 improved. He was a great traveler. This was his "fad." He made 
 a trip around the world, to Europe several times, to the West Indies, 
 and to many other foreign countries. Being a close observer, he 
 gathered a /ast amount of information in his travels. He had a 
 high appreciation for the beautiful in art and nature. 
 
 He contributed many articles of value to the various dental 
 periodicals, and took a prominent part in the discussions before 
 dental societies. He was a member of the Masonic order and a Re- 
 publican in politics. 
 
 He was married October 1, 1868, to Miss Cornelia Holme. They 
 had three children, Peter Holme, D. D. S.; "William N. and James B. 
 
 Dr. Morrison died December 21, 1896, and was buried in Bellefon- 
 taine cemetery, St. I^ouis. 
 
 112
 
 BENJAiMIN Q. STEVENS, D. D. S. 
 Twenty-fourth President. 
 
 Benjamin Q. Stevens was born on a farm in Marion County, Mo., 
 1837. His father. Rev. Benjamin Stevens, was a Baptist minister, 
 and his mother, Sarah Foster, a niece of Sir John Foster, an English 
 nobleman. His parents came to America, 1830, locating in Missouri 
 in 1835. 
 
 Young Stevens obtained his early education in the country schools 
 in Marion County. At the age of eighteen years he. went to Hannibal 
 and worked at the carpenter trade until 1859. He began the study 
 of dentistry with Dr. S. H. Anderson, of Hannibal, with whom he 
 stayed until 1860, paying $250 for this tutelage. 
 
 Dr. Stevens has been actively engaged in practice in Hannibal 
 from 1860 to the present time (1909), with the exception of two years 
 spent at Oskaloosa, Iowa, in the practice of his profession. Dr, 
 Stevens joined the Missouri State Dental Association at the second 
 annual meeting at St. Louis, June 5, 1866, and has been an active 
 member to this date, rarely missing a meeting. At nearly every meet- 
 ing he has contributed his part as an essayist or clinician. His most 
 instructive clinics w'ere preparation of root canals and filling same 
 permanently with wood points and gutta percha, also the proper use 
 of the mouth mirror used in lieu of the operator trying to look di- 
 rectly into the cavity. Dr. Stevens also earnestly advocated the use 
 of the operating stool instead of the operator standing. He was 
 elected President of the Missouri State Dental Association, 1888, and 
 has been a member of the National Dental Association since that date. 
 In 1890 the Missouri Dental College conferred the honorary D. D. S. 
 degree upon him. 
 
 113
 
 He was married in 1863 to Miss Hattie McLeod, of Frederick Couu- 
 ty, Virginia, who died in 1903. Tliey liid five daugliters and one son, 
 1. e., Ben F. Stevens, D. D. S., of Hannibal. 
 
 In 1906 Dr. Stevens married Miss Mary Elizabeth Sturgiss, of 
 Minneapolis, Minn., on January 17. She was the daughter of Dr. 
 S. M. Sturgiss, of Quincy, 111, ex-President of the Illinois Dental 
 Society 
 
 114
 
 HENRY FISHER, D. D. S. 
 Twenty-fifth President. 
 
 Henry Fisher, son of Drummond and Lucinda Fisher, well-to-do 
 farmer folk, was born at Bowdoinham, Maine, December 31, 1842. He 
 received his early education at the country schools in Maine, and fol- 
 lowed farming as an occupation until the beginning of the Civil War, 
 during which he was an engineer in the United States Navy. At the 
 close of the war he came to St. Louis and entered the office of Dr. 
 Homer Judd as a dental student, also took the prescribed course at 
 the Missouri Dental College, from which he received the D. D. S. degree in 
 1869, and immediately began practice in St. Louis, which he actively 
 continued until his death. He was associated in practice with Dr. 
 William Conrad until his death. Dr. Fisher joined the Missouri State 
 Dental Association at the fifth annual meeting, St. Louis, June 1, 
 1869. In 1877 he was elected a member of the Board of Trustees of 
 the Missouri Dental College, and was elected President of the asso- 
 ciation, 1889. He was President of the St. Louis Dental Society in 
 1888. 
 
 Dr. Fisher was an expert operator and left many beautiful monu- 
 ments of his skillful manipulation of gold foil in the mouths of his 
 patients. He contributed many articles to the dental journals. 
 
 He was a good scholar, very literary and artistic in his tastes. 
 He was a member of "Battery A," a St. Louis local military company, 
 also of the G. A. R. and I. O. O. F. 
 
 He died August 1, 1893, of acute indigestion, and was buried at 
 Rockford, 111. He was survived by his widow, who was Miss Alma 
 Horteme Ellis, whom he married June 24, 1874, and three children. 
 Pearl Blanch, Hazel May and Walter C, of Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 115
 
 JAMES FRANKLIN McWILLIAMS. 
 Twenty-sixth President. 
 
 James Franklin McWilliams, son of George and Lavina McWil- 
 liams, was born August 6, 1S45, in Warren County (near Warrenton), 
 Missouri. He worked on his father's farm, attended the common 
 schools and Central College at Fayette, Mo., and later the State Uni- 
 versity at Columbia, studied dentistry with Dr. John W. Reed at 
 Mexico, Mo., took one course at the Missouri Dental College, but did 
 not graduate; commenced practice at Vandalia, Mo., in 187G. Here 
 he remainedV three years, and removed to Mexico, where he continues 
 to practice. 
 
 He joined the Missouri State Dental Association at Sweet 
 Springs, 1883, held several appointive offices, and was elected Presi- 
 dent 1889, and served as same, 1890, at the Louisiana meeting. 
 
 Dr. McWilliams has been a member of the M. E. Church. South, 
 for twenty-five years, and a member of the Board of Stewards of same 
 for fifteen years. He married Miss Nellie Pearson of Mexico. They 
 have no children. 
 
 116
 
 GEORGE LY.MAN SllEPARD, D. D. S. 
 Twenty-seventh President. 
 
 George Lyman Shepard, son of J. Lyman and Emily H. Shepard, 
 ■was born July 25, 1S42, at Westfield, Mass. Received a common 
 school education and attended one term at Westfield Academy. Com- 
 menced the study of dentistry, August 1, 1859, with Dr. E. Lincoln 
 Clarke, of Westfield, Mass., later of Dubuque, Iowa. November 6, 
 1860, went to Battle Creek, Mich., entered the o'ffice of the late Dr. 
 Charles E. Bartlett, enlisted in Union Army July, 1861, served four 
 years and two months in Second Missouri Cavalry, graduated as 
 D. D. S. from Ohio College of Dental Surgery, class of 1866, practiced 
 some months in Greensburg, Ind. 
 
 Located in Tipton, Mo., January, 1867. remained three years at 
 Tipton, and removed to California, Mo., remained seven years, remov- 
 ing to Sedalia, Mo., in 1876, and remained in practice there imtil No- 
 vember, 1907, when, on account of the death of his wife, and children 
 being widely scattered, gave up practice, expecting to spend the 
 remainder of his days at the homes of his children. He was a mem- 
 ber for many years of the Missouri State Dental Association, which 
 he joined at the fourth annual meeting at St. Louis, 1868. He took 
 part in the discussions, served on various committees, and as a dele- 
 gate to the American Dental Association in the early days of the 
 association, and was elected President in 1891. Dr. Shepard, with 
 J P. Gray and L. C. Ellis, was appointed a committee in ISSl by the 
 association to draft a bill for a dental law to be presented to the 
 Legislature. This committee was most ably assisted in bringing about 
 this legislation by Dr. C. W. Spalding of St. Louis. From their ef- 
 forts the first dental legislation in Missouri was enacted, and went 
 into effect April 2, 1883, which, at that period, probably was the best 
 law in existence. The following is a copy: 
 
 117
 
 "An Act to Regulate the Practice of Dentistry in the State of 
 
 Missouri. 
 
 "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Missouri, 
 as follows: 
 
 "Section 1. It shall be unlawful of any person to practice dentistry 
 or dental surgery in the State of Missouri without first having received 
 a diploma from a reputable dental college or a university duly incor- 
 porated or established under the laws of some one of the United 
 States, or of a foreign government: Provided, That nothing in Section 
 1 of this act shall apply to any bona fide practitioner of dentistry or 
 dental surgery in this state at the time of the passage of this act: 
 And, provided. That nothing in this act shall be so construed as to 
 prevent physicians, surgeons or others from extracting teeth. 
 
 Sec. 2. Every person who shall hereafter engage in the practice 
 of dentistry or dental surgery in this state, shall file a copy of his 
 diploma with the Clerk of the County Court in the county in which 
 he resides, and in the City of St. Louis with the City Register, which 
 copy shall be sworn to by the party filing the same, and the Clerk 
 shall give a certificate to such fact, with the seal of the County Court 
 attached thereto, to such, party filing the copy of his diploma, and shall 
 file and register the name of the person, the date of filing, and the 
 nature of the instrument, in a book to be kept by him for that pur- 
 pose, and as a compensation for his services the said clerk, for filing 
 and registering the same, shall receive a fee of one dollar, to be paid 
 by the person filing the diploma. 
 
 Sec. 3. Every bona fide practitioner of dentistry or dental sur- 
 gery residing in this State at the time of the passage of this act, and 
 desiring to continue the same, shall, within ninety days after the 
 passage of this act, file an affidavit of the said facts with the Clerk 
 of the County. Court of the county in which he resides, or with the 
 City Register of the City of St. Louis, if he resides in the City of St. 
 Louis; and the said Clerk of Register, as the case may be, shall reg- 
 ister the name of and give a certificate to the party filing the affidavit, 
 in like manner and of like effect as hereinbefore provided, and for 
 such services shall receive a fee of one dollar, to be paid by the party 
 filing the affidavit. 
 
 Sec. 4. All certificates issued under the provisions of this act 
 shall be prima facie evidence of the right of. the holder to practice 
 under this act, which right it shall be incumbent upon the holder 
 to prove under all prosecutions under this act. 
 
 Sec. 5. Every person violating any of the provisions of this act 
 shall, upon conviction thereof, be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor 
 and be punished by a fine of lot less than twenty-five, nor more than 
 two hundred dollars, for each offense: and all fines so collected shall 
 
 118
 
 belong to and be paid into the common school fund of the county 
 where the offense was committed." 
 
 Dr. Shepard was a member of the Central Missouri and Sedalia 
 Dental Societies, a member of the Congregational Church, the General 
 George R. Smith Post, G. A. R., and a Republican in politics. 
 
 He married Miss Louise Livings, of Allensville, Ind., March 6, 
 1869. They had eleven children, seven of whom are living. 
 
 rrt 
 
 ^ 
 
 119
 
 JOHN DEANS PATTERSON, D. D. S. 
 
 Twenty-eighth President. 
 
 February 9, 184S, in Clear Creek Township, Ashland County, near 
 Savannah, Ohio, a son was born to John and Christina Patterson, 
 sturdy Scotch farmer folk, botli living at this writing and proud of 
 their son, who was christened John Deans Patterson. 
 
 Young Patterson passed much of his boyhood working on his 
 father's farm, and absorbed the lessons of nature, country life and 
 self-dependence, so essential to a successful career. He received his 
 early education at the district school, and later at the Savannah Acad- 
 emy. This education was supplemented by the great fund of learn- 
 ing possessed by his parents. His early life was spent on the farm; 
 then followed two years at carpentering, which further developed him 
 for his future work. He commenced the study of dentistry in the of- 
 fice of Dr. R. Newton, at Savannah, Ohio, where he spent one year. 
 He then went into the office of Dr. Moses De Camp, of Mansfield, 
 Ohio, where he studied and worked two years, that being the pre- 
 scribed term of pupilage for the dental student of those days. 
 
 After leaving Dr. De Camp he practiced for a short time at Sa- 
 vannah, and in 18GS removed to Lawrence, Kan., where he soon took 
 front rank as a practitioner and a citizen, prominently identified with 
 church and social affairs. At this period dentistry was in a chaotic 
 condition in Kansas, without or.ganization, and feeling the need of 
 professional unity, Dr. Patterson, in conjunction with Drs. J. B. Wheel- 
 er, of Lawrence; W. H. Marvin, of Topeka; E. F. Fuller, of Fort 
 Scott; J. H. Sawyer, of Atchison; A. M. Callahan and L. C. Wasson, of 
 Topeka met at Lawrence May 2, 1872, and organized the Kansas 
 State Dental Association. Dr. Patterson was the first Secretary, an 
 office he held until 1870, when he was elected President, holding that 
 
 120
 
 oflBoe until 1S78. Drs. L. C. Wasson and Patterson are the only sur- 
 viving charter members of the Association. 
 
 He was one of the organizers and the first Professor of Operative 
 Dentistry of the Kansas City Dental College in 18S1, and was gi-adu- 
 ated from that institution in 1883. For years he was Secretary of 
 the Faculty and Professor of Dental Pathology, the chair he still 
 occupies. For the past nine years he has been dean of the faculty. 
 
 In 1884 he removed to Kansas City and actively engaged in prac- 
 tice and college work. Soon after this "The Western Dental Journal" 
 was organized with Dr. Patterson as editor-in-chief, a position he oc- 
 cupied until .January, 190G. 
 
 For years Dr. Patterson has been prominently identified with all 
 the best interests in dentistry, and has received all the honors the 
 profession has had to give in recognition of his high standing and 
 assiduous work for its interests. He was President of the Kansas 
 State Dental Association, 1876-8. He joined the Missouri State Dental 
 Association in 1872, and was its President 1892, President of the 
 American Dental Association in 1893, President of the National Asso- 
 ciation of Dental Faculties 1894, President of the Institute of Dental 
 Pedagogics in 1903, President of the Kansas City Odontographies in 
 1902. This society gave a banquet to Dr. Patterson February, 1907, 
 and presented him with a loving cup as a testimonial of their affection 
 for him. He was Honorary President of the Kansas City Dental Col- 
 legs Alumni Association in 19U4-5. Vice-President for Missouri of the 
 Interstate Dental Fraternity in 1905, and Supreme Grand Master ot 
 the Delta Sigma Delta Fraternity 1905-6. Besides holding prominent 
 offices and being an active worker in the National Dental Association, 
 he is an honorary member of the American Academy of Dental 
 Science of Boston, the St. Louis Society of Dental Science, the Ne- 
 braska, Oklahoma, Southern Kansas, Indiana and other State D;ntal 
 Associations. He was a member of the Committee on Orgnni/ntinn 
 of the fourth International Dental Congress. 
 
 Dr. Patterson is one of the best parliamentarians and exf^cutive 
 officers in the profession, and is frequently called upon for opinions 
 and to preside at meetings. Of commanding presence, his clear-cut, em- 
 phatic manner of speaking always receives the attention of his audi- 
 ence. As an essayist and writer he is equally talented, and he has 
 contributed much of value to the literature of the profession. As 
 an essayist, to open discussions and as a banquet orator, he is in 
 demand. 
 
 Dr. Patterson is a natural surgeon, and has devoted much of his 
 time to oral surgery and the successful treatment of pyorrhea and 
 other diseases of the teeth and mouth. 
 
 He was married May 18, 1866, to Miss Caroline Haints Cooper, 
 of Philadelphia, whose death occurred in 1904. 
 
 121
 
 As to the personal side of Dr. Patterson's career: He is fond 
 of music and has an excellent baritone voice, which he has exercised 
 at social gatherings and in church choirs. In days past he has taken 
 an active part in amateur operatic affairs, and has frequently taken 
 leading roles. The writer once saw him appear as the chief pirate in 
 the "Pirates of Penzance." Dr. Patterson looked the part and sang 
 it well. In his early professional career. Dr. Patterson was an ardent 
 devotee to archery, and attended many tournaments, at which he fre- 
 quently took prizes for his skill. With gun and rod he has more than 
 ordinary skill. Chess is his favorite ga-re and the principal recrea- 
 tion of his busy life. 
 
 With a determination and a sense of justice characteristic of his 
 Scotch ancestry, Dr. Patterson never hesitates to express his opinion 
 and is always found on the side of what he believes the right, no mat- 
 ter what the result may be. Another characteristic is his willingness 
 to give everyone a "square deal," and other things being equal, his 
 influence is invariably with the "under dog." He is the man who com- 
 pares favorably with Kipling's ideal, 
 
 "Who dares 
 Greet the embarrassed Gods, 
 Nor fears to shake the iron hand of Fate, 
 Nor match with Destiny for beers." 
 
 His dignity and high ideals have been an inspiration to many 
 young men who have come under his influence as a teacher in his 
 college or in dental society work. He commands the respect of the 
 entire profession and the love of his fellows who know him best and 
 appreciate him for his sterling qualities, and who are happy to apply 
 to him, before his death, Huxley's epitaph: 
 
 "He had intellect to comprehend his highest duty distinctly and 
 force of character to do it: which of us dare ask for a higher sum- 
 mary of his life than that?" 
 
 122
 
 THOMAS WALLER REED, D. D. S. 
 Twenty-ninth President. 
 
 Thomas Waller Reed, son of John and Prudence Reed, was born 
 July 8, 1832, in Boone County, Missouri. He was the brother and 
 preceptor of Dr. J. W. Reed, President of the association in 1882. 
 
 Thomas W. Reed spent his early boyhood on his father's farm 
 and was educated in the country schools. He studied dentistry with 
 Dr. Wilson Lee McMurry at Shelbyville, Mo., about 1855. 
 
 At the organization of the Missouri State Dental Association, Oc- 
 tober 31, 1865, at St. Louis, Dr. Reed signed the constitution as a 
 charter member. At the same meeting he was one of three appointed 
 to select delegates to the American Dental Association. 
 
 At the third annual meeting he sent an essay on "Neuralgia," 
 which was read by President Peebles. He served the society in vari- 
 ous capacities, and was elected Vice-President in 1871 and President 
 in 1893. At the organization of the Missouri Dental College, 1866, 
 Dr. Reed matriculated and graduated as D. D. S. at the first com- 
 mencement, February 22, 1867. 
 
 Dr. Reed practiced at Macon, Glasgow and Mexico. He was mar- 
 ried July 7, 1857, to Miss Adaline Luckie of Mexico. Their children 
 were: W. L. Reed, D. D. S.; F. M. Leslie, John and Mrs. J. R. Black- 
 wood. 
 
 Dr. Reed died of paralysis Novemlier 14. 1S96, and was buried 
 in Oakwood Cemetery. Macon, Mo. 
 
 123
 
 
 JOHN THOMAS FRY, D. D. S. 
 Thirtieth President. 
 
 John Thomas Fry, son of August and Mary Fry, was born on his 
 father's farm, February 2, 1855, in Callaway County, Missouri. He 
 spent his early boyhood at the home of his parents, attended the 
 country schools, and later became a school teacher. This he con- 
 tinued until 1877, when he entered the Missouri Dental College, from 
 which he graduated as D. D. S. in 1879, and immediately began prac- 
 tice at Moberly, where he has continued until the present date. 
 
 He joined the Missouri State Dental Association in 1884, and was 
 elected to the presidency 1894. In 1900 he was elected Treasurer, 
 succeeding Dr. James A. Price, and has each year been continuously 
 elected to that office. 
 
 Dr. Fry has also served the society faithfully on various com- 
 mittees, and as a clinician. He was President of the Northeast Mis- 
 souri Dental Club 1909, and one. of the organizers of the Randolph 
 Dental Club, January 1, 1907, and elected its first President, serving 
 in this capacity for two years. 
 
 He was married October 13, 1886, to Miss I^ucy Diiisle of Moberly. 
 
 124
 
 WILLIA.M EDWIN TUCKER. 
 Thirty-first President. 
 
 William Edwin Tucker, son of William Atherton and Mary A. 
 Leatherman Tucker, was born in Jeffersontown, Kentucky, March 6, 
 1846. His father was a wool carder and farmer. Young Tucker 
 worked for his father at wool carding during the summer and at- 
 tended Jefferson College during the winter months, where he received 
 his early education. At the age of seventeen he began the study of 
 dentistry with his uncle. Dr. Leatherman, at Jeffersontown. Here 
 he continued until his twentieth year of age, when he located at Otter- 
 ville. Mo., for practice. Here he resided four years, when he removed 
 to Butler. Mo., where he practiced until 1891, when he removed to 
 Springfield, Mo., his present home. 
 
 He became a member of the Missouri State Dental Assocaition 
 at the fourth annual meeting at St. Louis, June 2, 1868. At the meet- 
 ing of 1869 he was elected second Vice-President, and President 1895. 
 Dr. Tucker writes: "I owe much to this association of what I know 
 of dentistry." Dr. Tucker is a Mason and Master of Butler Lodge, 
 No. 254, for three years; also District Deputy and Grand Lecturer for 
 several years; a member of the Christian Church and active in church 
 and Sunday School work, an Elder in the church for years, and Super- 
 intendent of the Sunday School for seventeen years. 
 
 He was married February 4, 1879, to Miss Emma Rowena Wil- 
 lard, who died in 1897. They had four children. William Edwin, 
 D. D. S., now his father's associate, was the oldest. 
 
 December 4, 1901, Dr. Tucker married Miss Cora Mitchell. They 
 have two children. In 1896 Dr. Tucker established the Springfield 
 Dental Supply House, which he and his son conduct in conjunction 
 with their practice. 
 
 125
 
 ANTHONY C. GRIGGS. 
 Thirtj^-second President. 
 
 Anthony C. Griggs, son of Anthony Griggs, was born in 1845 at 
 Philadelphia, Pa. He removed with his parents to Boonville, Mo., 
 where, at Kemper's Academy, he received his early education. He 
 studied dentistry with Drs. H. E. Peebles and Menton McCoy at Boon- 
 ville, and located at Warrensburg, Mo., where he has practiced con- 
 tinuously for nearly forty-five years. He became a member of the 
 Missouri State Dental Association at the third meeting at " St. Louis, 
 June 4, 1867, was elected second Vice-President 1871, and President 
 1896. 
 
 Dr. Griggs is a member of the Christian Church and has been a 
 Mason for forty years. 
 
 He was married to Miss Alice Cress. They have two daughters, 
 1. e., Mrs. Allen Kenyon of Lima, Peru, and Miss Gussie V., and one 
 son, L. F. Griggs, D. D. S.. of Garvin, Okla. 
 
 126
 
 DAVID FLEMING ORR, D. D. S. 
 Thirty-third President. 
 
 David Fleming Orr, son of John P. and Precilla Orr, was born in 
 Lee County, Virginia, February 9, 1852. His father was a well-to-do 
 farmer. He spent his early boyhood at home, attended the country 
 schools, and later was engaged in the hotel business in Colorado. He 
 took the prescribed course at the Dental Department of Vanderbilt 
 University, Nashville, Tenn., from which he graduated in 1889, at the 
 same time won the gold medal for pi'oficiency in Operative Dentistry. 
 Following his graduation he located at Liberty, Mo., where he prac- 
 ticed until 1902, when he removed to Moberly and became associated 
 with Dr. J. T. Fry. Here he remained until 1906, when h^ removed to 
 Big Stone Gap, Va., where he still continues to practice. 
 
 Dr. Orr joined the Missouri State Dental Association in 1890, 
 served on various committees, was elected Vice-President 1896, and 
 President 1897. 
 
 He was married in 1S80 to Miss Lizzie Ward of Colu.sa County, 
 California. They have two children, Irma L. and Bernice W. Orr. 
 
 127
 
 .: FRANK SLATER, D. D. S. 
 
 Thirty-fourth President. 
 
 Frank Slater, son of James and Almina K. Drown Slater, was born 
 April S, 1S54, on a farm near Osceola, Stark County, Illinois. In this 
 village he attended school until the age of sixteen, when he became 
 the sole support of his- widowed mother, in the employ of a farmer 
 w^ho operated a grist mill and general store. Here he was employed 
 four years, attending the winter terms of school. In 1874 he went to 
 Grinnell, Iowa, where he attended a fall term of school and taught 
 a district school near Des Moines for two winters, took up the study 
 of photography, and in 1878 opened a studio. This business did not 
 agree with his health, and in the spring of 1880 he began the study 
 of dentistry with Dr. John Houston at Princeville, 111. Here he met 
 and married Miss Emma F. Russell, June 10, 1880. They have five 
 children living. In the fall of 1881 he removed to Guthrie Center, 
 Iowa, for practice, and became a member of the Iowa State Dental 
 Society in 1883. Feeling the need of a better dental education, he 
 closed his office, left his wife and three children and attended the 
 Dental Department of the Iowa State University, from which he re- 
 ceived the D. D. S. degree 1889. In July of the same year he removed 
 to Rich Hill, Mo., where he has practiced for twenty years. For the 
 last five years he has practiced three days of each week, and the bal- 
 ance of the week is spent on his stock farm and in hunting and fishing, 
 at which he is an enthusiast. 
 
 Dr. Slater joined the Missouri State Dental Association at Pertle 
 Springs in 1890, and was elected President at Pertle Springs 1897, and 
 served as same at St. Louis 1898. , 
 
 128
 
 He is of a mechanical turn and invented and patented a farm implement 
 and a dental appliance. He is a lover of niusjc and has been mem- 
 ber of choirs, bands and orchestras. Politically, a Republican, and a 
 member of the I. O. O. F. and Modern Woodmen of America, and 
 Master Mason. 
 
 ■S. 
 
 129
 
 FREDERICK MONROE FULKERSON, D. D. S. 
 Thirty-fifth President. 
 
 Frederick Monroe Fulkerson, son of Nicholas H. and Martha Ann 
 Fulkerson, was born December 19, 1867, near Warrensburg, Mo. His 
 father was a farmer and stock raiser. 
 
 young Fulkerson attended the public schools and then took a 
 three-years' course at the State Normal School at Warrensburg, ob- 
 taining a state certificate to teach school, but never followed that call- 
 ing. Immediately following this he entered the office of Drs. Griggs 
 and Cress at Warrensburg as a dental student, then attended the 
 Philadelphia Dental College for two years, graduated as D. D. S. in 
 1889, and began practice at Pleasant Hill, Mo., April 1, of the same 
 year. Here he practiced two years, when he removed to Butler, Mo., 
 where he practiced four years. Then removed to Sedalia in 1895, 
 where he continues to practice. 
 
 Dr. Fulkerson joined the Missouri State Dental Association in 
 1889, and immediately became active as an essayist, discusser of pa- 
 pers and clinician and committee worker, and was promoted to the 
 presidency in 1899, also President of the Sedalia Dental Society 1901, 
 .and one of the organizers of the Central Missouri Dental Association 
 and its first President. He is an Elder in the Presbyterian Church, 
 Past Master of the Masonic Lodge, a Democrat of several generations, 
 iind a member of the Sedalia City Council for four years. 
 
 He was married May, 1893, to Miss Minnie Logan of Warrensburg. 
 They have two sons, Logan and Frederick M., Jr. 
 
 130
 
 WALLER LUCKIE REED, D. D. S. 
 Thirty-sixth President. 
 
 Waller Luckie Reed, son of Dr. Thomas Waller and Adeline Reed, 
 was born in Mexico, Mo.. May 25, 1858. Here he spent his boyhood, 
 was educated in the public schools and at St. James' Academy at Ma- 
 con, Mo. Entered his father's dental office as a student and attended 
 the Pennsylvania Dental College, from which he graduated as D. D. S. 
 in 1882. He located at Macon, Mo., for practice, later at Laplata and 
 at Mexico, where he has been in active practice since 1883. 
 
 He joined the Missouri State Dental Association at Sweet Springs, 
 1886, and at once entered into the work to promote the usefulness of 
 the society. He served in various capacities on committees, as essay- 
 ist, and rarely was a meeting held that his name was not on the list 
 as a clinician. Dr. Reed has been "one of the faithful," and one of the 
 most earnest and enthusiastic workers in the society, serving with 
 especial merit at various times on the Executive Committee and as 
 Supervisor of Clinics. He was elected second Vice-President 1899, 
 and to the Presidency, serving as same at the meeting at Louisiana, 
 1900. He was an Honorary Vice-President and a member of the Re- 
 ception Committee of the fourth International Dental Congress at St. 
 Louis, 1904, member of the Northeast Missouri Dental Club. 
 
 Dr. Reed was married January 7, 1S96, to Miss Alcinda Allen. 
 They have three children, Allen, Thomas Waller, Jr., and Howard 
 Allen. - |i n 
 
 131
 
 FRANK F. FLETCHER, D. D. S. 
 Thirty-seventh President. 
 
 Frank F. Fletcher was bom in 1857 at Warren, Trumbull County, 
 Ohio. He is the son of Albert M. and Lulu E. Scarsdale Fletcher. 
 Received his early education at Jamestown Seminary and Thiel Col- 
 lege, both of Mercer County, Pennsylvania. Taught school and con- 
 structed telegraph lines until he matriculated in the Chicago College 
 of Dental Surgery, from which he graduated as D. D. S. in 1889. 
 Practiced two years at Pontiac, 111., and at St. Louis since 1891. He 
 joined the Missouri State Dental Association in 1896, and served on 
 the Executive Committee 1898 and 1890. First Vice-President 1899, 
 and President 1901. He was President of the St. Louis Dental So- 
 ciety 1896, Professor of Prosthetic Dentistry in the St. Louis Dental 
 College (formerly the Marion-Sims Dental College), 1900 to 1908. Pro- 
 fessor of Operative Dentistry, same institution, from 1908 to date. 
 
 He is a member of the Masonic Order and a Republican in politics. 
 
 132
 
 k \ 
 
 \l 
 
 33 ::r 
 
 BURTON LEE THORPE, D. D. S., M. D. 
 Thirty-eighth President. 
 
 Burton Lee Thorpe was born June 29th, 1871. Educated in the 
 public schools. Began the study of Dentistry with a preceptor in 1890. 
 Attended the Western Dental College, Kansas City, Missouri, and 
 graduated with the degree of D. D. S., March 5, 1895, immediately after 
 becoming a member of the Mifisouri State Dental Association in which 
 he, from the first, took an active part. He served this society as 
 Corresponding Secretary 1898-99 and 1900, and was elected its Presi- 
 dent 1901. The same year was appointed by Governor A. M. Dock- 
 ery member of the Missouri State Board of Dental Examiners and in 
 1903 re-appointed for five years, serving as President of the board in 
 1903. Elected Vice-President for the West of the National Associa- 
 tion of Dental Examiners 1901-02, and in 1903 was elected President, 
 but resigned August, 1903, when assisted by Drs. D. O. M. LeCron and 
 S. T. Bassett, he organized the Barnes Dental College, of which he 
 was the first Dean of the Faculty, and Professor of Operative Dentist- 
 ry and Dental History. Owing to a disagreement with the trustees, 
 he, with the entire faculty, resigned December, 1905, after two and 
 a half years' service. Dr. Thorpe was the originator of the Fourth In- 
 ternational Dental Congress held at St. Louis 1904. In 1900 he took 
 the initiative and presented the plan of organization to the Missouri 
 State Dental Association and the National Dental Association. He 
 was appointed by the latter society as one of the committee of fif- 
 teen to organize the Congress and did yoeraan's work in assisting 
 making the Congress the great success that it was. The Universal 
 Exposition Company conferred a commemorative diploma and gold 
 medal on him for the important service he rendered in this connection. 
 In 1904 he became associate editor of The Dental Brief, a position he 
 
 133
 
 still retains. 1904 elected Assistant Secretary for five years of the 
 Federation Deutaire Internationale and one of a committee of five 
 delegates to the same, representing the National Dental Association 
 of the United States, to assist in organizing the Fifth International 
 Dental Congress at Berlin, 1909. He was the originator of the James- 
 town Dental Convention held at Norfolk, Va., September 10-12. 1907, and 
 Chairman of its Committee on Organization. Corresponding Secretary 
 of the National Dental Association, 1906-07-08, and Secretary of the 
 Committee on History of the same. Secretary of the International 
 Dental Federation Commission on the History of Dentistry, Chairman 
 Committee on History of the Missouri State Dental Association, and 
 Chairman Committee on History of St. Louis Societ}- of Dental Science and 
 member of the St. Louis Medical History Club and the Fourth Interna- 
 tional Dental Congress Committee on History. President of the St. Louis 
 Societ}- of Dental Science, 1905. Organizer and first President of the 
 St. Louis Auxiliary Supreme Chapter Delta Sigma Delta Fraternity, 
 Member of the American Medical Association, St. Louis Dental Society. 
 Honorary member of the Kansas, Colorado, Virginia, Ohio, Iowa and 
 Southern Illinois Dental Societies and Interstate Dental Fraternity. 
 
 Received the degree of M. D. from the Barnes University, 1904. 
 
 Married December 4, 1895, to Miss Berta Scott, of Gallatin, Mo. 
 
 From his entrance into Dentistry he became interested in the pro- 
 fession's history and has spent his odd moments in collecting historical 
 data, photographs and relics of the past. In 1902 he began, a series of 
 biographical sketches on the pioneers of American Dentistry, published 
 monthly in The Dental Review, appearing until 1904, then appearing 
 monthly until 1909 in The Dental Brief. He is the author of a vol- 
 ume on "Biographical History of Pione :r American Dentists and Their 
 Successors." 
 
 The highest honor in the gift of the dental profession was conferred 
 on Dr. Thorpe at Birmingham, Ala., March 31, 1909, when he was 
 unanimously elected President of the National Dental Association. 
 
 K. P. D.\MERON. 
 
 134
 
 S. C. A. RUBEY, D. D. S. 
 Thirty-ninth President. 
 
 S. C. A. Rubey, only son of Dr. Thomas S. and Cordelia Rubey, was 
 born at Louisiana, Mo., May 29, 1SG6. His father was a physician. 
 Aside from the honor of being a "piker." Dr. Rubey has the unusual 
 distinction of being a representative of three generations of Mis- 
 sourians, both of his grandparents having settled in Missouri before 
 it was admitted, as a State to the Union. He was educated in the pub- 
 lic schools of Louisiana and at Macon, Mo., later attended the Cumber- 
 land University at Lebanon, Tenn. He began the study of Dentistry 
 in 1884 with Dr. A. F. Claywell at Lebanon, Tenn. 
 
 In 1884 he entered the Dental Department of Vanderl)ilt University, 
 from which he graduated as D. D. S. in 1886. Immediately following 
 this, he took a special course of private instructions in the office 
 of Dr. E. Parmly Brown of New York City and located at Clinton, 
 Mo., in 1887 for practice, where he continues. He joined the Mis- 
 souri State Dental Association in 1888 and in 1892 was elected secre- 
 tary of the association, serving in this capacity for five years, follow- 
 ing this he served on various committees and as vice-president in 1897 
 and again in 1902, and as president at the Kansas City meeting in 1903. 
 When the State dental law was passed in 1897, Dr. Rubey was ap- 
 pointed by Governor Stephens a member of the State Board of Dental 
 Examiners and elected secretary of the board. He was re-appointed 
 in 1902 by Governor Dockery and in 1905 by Governor Folk and has 
 served continuously as secretary of the board. 
 
 He is a member of the Central ilissouri Dental Society and of 
 the Modern Woodmen of America and State organizer of the same. 
 
 Dr. Rubey was married .May 28, 1897, to Mrs. .lean S. Barnes. They 
 have one son, Walter B. 
 
 135
 
 JOHN HANGER KENNERLY, D. D. S. 
 Fortieth President. 
 
 John Hanger Kennerly, eon of Dr. Samuel Kennerly (a physician), 
 and Frances Hanger Kennerly was born May 2, 1856, at Hermitage, 
 Virginia. Here he attended the country schools and later, New Hope 
 Academy. 
 
 He began the study of Dentistry with Dr. J. H. Yost at Shelbina, 
 Mo., and took the course of lectures at the Missouri Dental College, 
 from which he received the degree of D. D. S., 1888. 
 
 He was Secretary- and Professor of Prosthetic Dentistry in the I\Ia- 
 rion-Sims Dental College from 1894 to 1899, when he resigned and was 
 made Professor of Mechanical Dentistry and Secretary of the Faculty 
 of the Dental Department, Washington University. 
 
 In 1891 Dr. Fuller, the Dean, resigned and Dr. Kennerly was 
 elected his successor as Dean and Professor of Clinical Dentistry, 
 both positions he continues to fill to this date (1909). 
 
 Dr. Kennerly joined the Missouri State Dental Association 1889, 
 served on various committees and frequently as a clinician. Corre- 
 sponding Secretary 1902, First Vice-President 1903 and President 1905. 
 He was President of the St. Louis Dental Society 1897, Secretary of 
 the National Association of Dental Faculties from 1897 to 1905 and 
 President of same 1906. President Institute of Dental Pedagogics 1908, 
 Member National Dental Association, Central District Dental Society 
 of Missouri, Corresiionding Member Illinois State Society. 
 
 Dr. Kennerly is a Methodi-t in bis church affiliations, a Democrat 
 in politics and a member of the Mascnic order. He married Miss 
 Alice V. Stark, of Dover, Mo. 
 
 136
 
 WILIJAM MARTIN CARTER. 
 Forty-first President. 
 
 William Martin Carter was born October 25, 1857, in Lafajette 
 County, near Dover, Mo., at the home of his uncle, Samuel Hodgens. 
 
 His parents were Jesse Woodward Carter and Margaret Campbell 
 Carter. His mother was a first cousin of Alexander Campbell, the 
 founder of the Christian Church. His father was president of a female 
 seminary at Paris, Mo., for a number of years. His boyhood was spent 
 attending school at Waveiiy, Mo. He entered the office of Dr. .J. W. 
 Meng, at Lexington, Mo., in the fall of 1879, and remained till the 
 spring of 1880. From there he entered the office of Dr. L. O. Ellis 
 at Sedalia, Mo., ren aining there till the fall, when he entered the Mis- 
 souri Dental College, where he only attended one term. In the spring 
 of 1881 he opened an office at Waverly, Mo., where he remained till 
 fall, when he moved to Sedalia, Mo., and bought out Dr. L. O. Ellis 
 where he has remained in practice continuously tb this date (19U9). 
 He joined the Missouri State Dental Association in 1882 and was 
 electe 1 President in 1905, serving in this capacity at Springfield 1906. 
 He was President of the Central Missouri Dental Society in 1905, 
 President of the Sedalia Dental Society in 1902. He has contributed 
 a number of papers and clinics to the societies he has affiliated with. 
 He is an enthusiastic gclf player, an Elder in the Christian Church, 
 Member of the Masonic order, and of the Knights of Pythias. 
 
 Dr. Carter married Mi?s Mary L. Fletcher in 1881. Their children 
 are F. W. Carter, D. D. S., who is associated with his father in prac- 
 tice. Marguerite M. Carter, ninl Francps Ruth Cnrtcr. 
 
 137
 
 FRANK GILBERT WORTHLEY, D. D. S. 
 
 Forty-second President. 
 
 Frank Gilbert Worthley was born at Rocl<Lford, lib, June 23rd, 
 1857. His father, Asa Truman Worthley, was born in Maine, as was 
 also his mother, Caroline Elizabeth Leighton. Both were of English 
 descent, their forebears having been among the early settlers of New 
 England. They were married at Farmington, Me., and removed to 
 Rockford, 111., in 1856, where the subject of this sketch was born. The 
 family lived there until 1871, when the father died. In the same year 
 the family removed to Chillicothe, Mo. 
 
 Dr. Worthley received his education in the public schools of Illi- 
 nois and Missouri. In 1S77 he entered the office of Dr. Myron H. 
 Wilcox, of Chillicothe, as a student. After spending two years in the 
 office of Dr. Wilcox he went to Crete, Nebraska. He practiced in va- 
 rious towns in Nebraska and Kansas until 1885, wJien he quit the 
 piactice of Dentistry to engage in the creamery and commission busi- 
 ness. Not finding this as profitable as he had hoped, in 1890 he re- 
 sumed the practice of Dentistry, locating at Mountain Grove, Mo. 
 
 In 1892 he entered the Western Dental College and graduated in 
 1895, receiving first prize for excellence in his college work. In 1899 
 he accepted the chair of Dental Pathology and Therapeutics, and 
 the position of Demonstrator of Operative Dentistry in the Western 
 Dental College, both positions he still holds. 
 
 Dr. Worthley has been an active member of the Missouri State 
 Dental Association, which he joined in 1899 and was President of in 
 1908, and is a member of the Kansas State Dental Association, and 
 the Kansas City Dental Society, of which he was President 1907-08, 
 and honorary member of the Oklahoma and Indian Territory Asso- 
 ciations. He is also editor of (he Prosthetic l)<>|);iitnioiit of The West-
 
 ern Dental Journal. Dr. Worthley has always been a lover of athletics 
 and outdoor sports and is an enthusiastic hunter and fisherman. His 
 "fish stories" are a proverb among his students. He is a member 
 of the Masonic and Knights of Pythias lodges and the Methodist E\ns- 
 copal Church. 
 
 In 1880 Dr. Worthley was married, to Emma C. Amy, of Friend, 
 Nebraslia. They have one son, Bernard L. Worthley, D. D. S., who 
 is now practicing in Trenton, :\lo. 
 
 139
 
 JAMES WILLIAM HULL, D. D. S. 
 Forty-third President. 
 
 James W. Hull was born at Weston, Mo., May 10th, 1872. His 
 father was a nattye of Kentucky, and located in Missouri in 1849. 
 In his earlier 'iiffe, he was associated with the Burneses in freight 
 transportation by wagon from Leavenworth over the plains to Santa Fe, 
 New Mexico, ^ater in life hib chief occupation was that of a live 
 stock speculator; 
 
 His mother was Susan A. Lowe, daughter of Shelton J. Lowe, a 
 Baptist minister, also of Kentucky, and enjoyed the distinction of a 
 kinship with Jefferson Davis. 
 
 Young Hull attended the public !-:chools and then took a course 
 at the St. Joseph Business University, after which he took the Civil 
 Service examination and secured a Government position in the Post 
 Office Department, which he held fcr a time and was encouraged by 
 a promotion, bUt not being contented with a salaried position, resigned 
 and entered the Dental Department of Washington University, from 
 which he graduated as D. D. S. in 1898, receiving the second prize for 
 the best grade in Operative Dentistry. 
 
 He located in Kansas City, where he cDutinues practice. He was 
 elected a member in 1898 and President of Missouri Dental Associa- 
 tion in 1908. He also is a member of the Kansas State Dental So- 
 ciety, the Kansas City Dental Society, the National Dental Associa- 
 tion, the Section of Stomatology, American Medical Association and 
 Washington University Alumni Association. He was chairman, Mem- 
 bership Committee for Missouri of the Fourth International Dental 
 Congress 1904, and is the Secretary of section three of the National 
 Dental Association 1909. He has given several papers to the different 
 societies, among them "Dentistry as a Fine Art," "Conservatism in 
 Dentistry," l)Oth read before the Missouri State Dental Association, 
 
 140
 
 and the "Evolution of thf Crown," Ijet'ore the Kansas City Dental So- 
 ciety. 
 
 He is a member of the Kansas City Commercial Club, the Uni- 
 versity Club, the Knife and Fork Club and Evanston Golf Club, golt 
 being his chief recreation. 
 
 He is also a Knight Teniplai and a thirty-second degree Mason 
 and Shriner, and is unmarried. 
 
 141
 
 JESSE BENTON McBRIDE, D. D. S. 
 
 Forty -fourth President. 
 
 Jesse Benton McBride was born at Greenfield, Missouri, August 
 14, 1869. He is the son of Wm. H. and Victoria McBride. He was edu- 
 cated in the Public School of Greenfield, Mo. Clerked in his father's 
 store until nineteen years of age. Studied Dentistry with Dr. Bagly 
 at Greenfield, Mo., attended the Philadelphia Dental College, and re- 
 ceived the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery from that institution 
 in 1890. Practiced in Jericho Springs and Greenfield, and moved to 
 Springfield, Mo., in the summer of 1890, where he now resides. He 
 has no particular fads, but is partial to Operative Dentistry, In which 
 he excells. 
 
 He was married to Miss Gertrude McKinley, of Windsor, Mo., De- 
 cember 25, 1901. They have one child, James Benton McBride. 
 
 Dr. McBride joined the Missouri State Dental Association in 1897. 
 He has served on various committees and as a clinician, was elected 
 First Vice-President 1907 and President 1908. 
 
 142
 
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