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 HISTORY OF EUROPE
 
 PIUNTKD BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS, EDINBURGH.
 
 HISTOEY OF EUROPE 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 FALL OF NAPOLEON 
 
 IN MDCCCXV 
 
 ACCESSION OF LOUIS NAPOLEON 
 
 IN MDCCCLII 
 
 SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON, BART., D.C.L. 
 
 Author of the " nistory of Europe from the Commencement of the French 
 Revolution, in 17S9, to too Battle of Waterloo," &e. >fce. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS 
 
 EDINBUKGH AND LONDON 
 
 MDCCCLIX
 
 INDEX 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 To accommodate the Index to the various editions already issued of the History, the refer- 
 ences are made to Volume, Chapter, and Paragraph. The large Roman numerals 
 designate the Volume, the small the Chapter, and the Arabic the Paragraph. 
 
 Abbarane, battle of the, III. xv. 23. 
 
 Abbas Mirza, prince, III. xv. 3 re- 
 peated defeats of, by the Russians, 4 
 defeat of, at Djevan Boulak, 22 
 battle of Abbarane, 23 retreats, 24 
 further defeats of, 25 peace concluded 
 by, 26 capture of two sons of, 28 
 defeats of, by the Russians, VI. xl. 28. 
 
 Abbasabad, fortress of, besieged by the 
 Russians, III. xv. 21 captured, 22. 
 
 Abbeville, Louis Philippe at, IV. xxv. 56. 
 
 Abbey, an American sympathiser, exe- 
 cution of, VI. xxx vii. 108. 
 
 Abbot, Mr, trial of Hone before, I. iv. 21. 
 
 Abbott, Mr, sent to superintend the 
 fortifying of Herat, VI. xl. 84 the 
 artillery under, at Jugdulluck, VIII. 
 xlviii. 88. 
 
 Abbot, the, remarks on, I. v. 10. 
 
 Abdallah Pacha, becomes grand-vizier, 
 III. xiv. 84 deposed, 85 defence of 
 Acre against Ibrahim Pacha, by, V. 
 xxxii. 8. 
 
 Abd-el-Kadr, first appearance of, in 
 Algeria, V. xxx. 30 rise and character 
 of, xxxiii. 99 his first successes, 
 100 defeats General Trezel, 101 
 defeat of, by Clausel, and capture of 
 his capital, 102 defeat of, on the 
 Tafna,105 andagain on the Sickak,?6. 
 forces and position of, 115 confe- 
 rence with Bugeaud, 116 treaty of 
 La Tafna, 117 renewed insurrection 
 of, VI. xxxiv. 58 its outbreak, 59 
 successes of the French, 60 position, 
 &c. of, 1840, VII. xlv. 22 defeat of, 
 
 before Cherchell, 23 operations of, 
 in the Atlas, &c, 24 defeated at the 
 Col de Mouzaia, 25 change in tactics 
 of, 1841, 26 defeat of, near Milianah, 
 27 submission of his adherents to 
 the French, 28 defeat and flight of, 
 29 his reappearance, 30 -capture of 
 his harem, 30, 31 his flight into the 
 desert, ib. retreats to Marocco, and 
 efforts there, 32 terms of treaty with 
 Marocco regarding, 43 fresh efforts of, 
 among the Kabyles, 44 his capitula- 
 tion, and its violation by the French, 45. 
 
 Abdool Rached Khan, betrayal of Ghuz- 
 nee by, VI. xl. 69. 
 
 Abdoollah Khan, death of, at Beh-Meru, 
 VI. xl. 117, 120. 
 
 Abdul-Ahmed, execution of, demanded, 
 III. xiv. 53. 
 
 Abdul-Medjid, sultan, birth of, III. xiv. 
 86 accession of, V. xxxii. 51 pacific 
 views of, 52 reforms under, 53. 
 
 Abercromby, Mr, motion on Parliamen- 
 tary Reform, by, 1824, IV. xx. 29 
 appointed chief baron, xxii. 26 
 opposes the Irish coercion bill, V. 
 xxxi. 42 becomes master of the mint, 
 129 majority for, as Speaker, VI. 
 xxxv. 22 resignation of, as Speaker, 
 xxxvii. 137. 
 
 Aberdeen, lord, and the French expedi- 
 tion to Algiers, III. xvii. 41 answer 
 of, to the application on behalf of 
 Donna Maria of Portugal, IV. xxi. 13 
 becomes foreign secretary, 97 colo- 
 nial secretary, 1835, VI. xxxv. 16 note 
 A
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Aberdeen, lord, continued. 
 
 foreign secretary under Peel, VII. 
 xli. 14 settlement of the right of 
 search question with the United States 
 by, 88 settlement of the Oregon 
 question by, 94 settlement of the 
 Tahiti affair by, 101 on the increase 
 of the slave trade since emancipation, 
 xliii. 14, 18 efforts of, for suppression 
 of the slave trade, xliv. 47 efforts of, 
 to secure ratification of the slave- 
 trade treaty, 51 treaty with France 
 regarding right of search for slaves, 
 xlvi. 12 views of, on the Spanish 
 marriages, 40 arrangements regarding 
 the Spanish marriages, 41, 42 on the 
 arrest of Mr Pritchard, xlvii. 2 his 
 pacific policy, 3. 
 
 Aberdeen, member given by reform bill 
 to, IV. xxiii. 116 ratio of mortality 
 in, VII. xliii. 93 note. 
 
 Abingdon bank, failure of the, 1847, 
 VII. xliii. 101. 
 
 Abisbal, the conde d', invasion of France 
 in 1815 by, II. vii. 40 measures of, 
 regarding the revolt at Cadiz, 57 at 
 first arrests it, 58 treachery of his 
 proceedings, ib. deprived of the com- 
 mand, 59 measures of, against Riego, 
 67 fresh treachery of, 70 forces 
 under, 1823, xii. 71 surrender of 
 Madrid by, 74, 75 his flight, 75. 
 
 Able-bodied poor, absence of provision 
 for, under Scotch poor-law, VII. xlii. 
 29 principles of statute law regard- 
 ing them, ib. note relief of the, in 
 Scotland, 1848, xliii. 126. 
 
 Abolition de la Propriety, secret society 
 called, V. xxx. 42 note. 
 
 Abrantes, the duchess of, her Memoirs, 
 III. xviii. 52. 
 
 Absenteeism, extent and effects of, in 
 Ireland, IV. xx. 12- alleged to be no 
 evil, 13 alleged influence of the 
 Union in inducing, V. xxxi. 120. 
 
 Absolutism, confirmation of, in Europe, 
 by the Revolution of 1848, I. i. 24 
 elevation of the drama under, V. 
 xxviii. 2. 
 
 Absolutists, attempts of the, on Portu- 
 gal, IV. xxi. 50. 
 
 Academies, institution of, in Turkey, 
 V. xxxii. 53 number of, in Prussia, 
 xxvii. 9. 
 
 Academy, the, opposes the re-establish- 
 ment of the censorship, III. xvi. 59. 
 
 Acarnania, insurrection throughout, III. 
 xiv. 35. 
 
 Achaian Gates, forcing of the, by the 
 Turks, III. xiv. 87. 
 
 Achelous, losses of the Turks at the, 
 III. xiv. 74. 
 
 Achmet Bey, joinf the league against 
 the French, V. xxxiii. 104 defence of 
 Constantine by, ] 20 et seq. his flight, 
 122. 
 
 Achmet Pacha, defence of Silistria by, 
 III. xv. 119. 
 
 Aci, prince, murder of, at Palermo, II. 
 vii. 111. 
 
 Ackerman, negotiations between Russia 
 and Turkey at, III. xv. 15 conven- 
 tion of, 16, 17 treaty of, confirmed 
 by that of Adriaiiople, 137. 
 
 Acland, Sir Thomas, returned for Devon- 
 shire, 1830, IV. xxii. 57- motion by, 
 on the Irish tithe bill, 1838, VI. xxxvi. 
 67. 
 
 A'Court, Sir Wm., efforts of, to preserve 
 peace between France and Spain, II. 
 xii. 27 refuses to accompany the 
 King to Cadiz, 78. 
 
 Acrata, defeat of the Turks at, III. xiv. 
 87. 
 
 Acre, pacha of, revolt of, in 1823, III. 
 xiv. 8 1 quarrel between Mehemet 
 Ali and, V. xxxii. 5. 
 
 Acre, views of Mehemet Ali on, V. xxxii. 
 5 siege of, by Ibrahim Pacha, 8 its 
 capture, 9 pachalic and fortress of, 
 conditions of treaty of the five powers 
 regarding, 57 position of, 63 bom- 
 bardment and fall of, 72 magnitude 
 of conquest of, and its effects, 73 the 
 capture of, as an instance of naval 
 attack on land defences, VI. xxxiv. 29. 
 
 Acro-Coriuthus, siege and capture of, by 
 the Greeks, III. xiv. 42 capitulation 
 of, to the Greeks, 92. 
 
 Acropolis, the, capture of, by the 
 Greeks, III. xiv. 73 again besieged 
 by the Turks, 113, 146 progress of 
 the siege, 149 its capture, 150. 
 
 Acte Additionnel, the, I. iii. 14. 
 
 Action and reaction, rapidity of, in mo- 
 dern times, I. i. 54. 
 
 Actors, modern French, III. xviii. 78 
 Talma, ib. Mademoiselle Georges, 79 
 Mademoiselle Mars, SO Rachel, 81. 
 
 Acz, battle of, VIII. lv. 56. 
 
 Adam, lord chief commissioner, I. iv. 19. 
 
 Adam, Sir Charles, on the English navy 
 in 1840, V. xxxii. 81. 
 
 Adam, Mr, provisional governor-general 
 of India, VI. xxxix. 54. 
 
 Adana, Ibrahim Pacha at, V. xxxii. 14 
 proposed surrender of, to Mehemet 
 Ali, 25, 28. 
 
 Adda, retreat of the Sardinians across 
 the, VIII. Hi. 73. 
 
 Addington administration, attack by 
 Canning on the, II. xi. 3 note. 
 
 Addison, the essays of, I. v. 42. 
 
 Address, the, motions on, 1833, V. xxxi. 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 27 debate on, in parliament, 1835, 
 VI. xxxv. 231837, xxxvi. 57 de- 
 feat of the Melbourne ministry on, 
 1841, xxxviii. 581842, VII. xli. 27 
 debate on, in France, 1840, VI. 
 xxxiv. 104 the French, vote on, 
 1844, VII. xlvi. 4 the last to Louis 
 Philippe, debate on, xlvii. 26 et seq. 
 division on it, 40. 
 Adelaide, princess, of Saxe-Meiningen, 
 queen of William IV., character of, 
 
 IV. xxii. 52 jointure voted by Par- 
 liament to, IV. xxiii. 60 insults of 
 the populace to, 109 and notes. 
 
 Adelaide, madame, sister to the Duke of 
 Orleans, interview between, and the 
 envoys sent to offer him the crown, 
 IV.xxiv. 17 urges his acceptance of it, 
 17 urges Chateaubriand's acceptance 
 of the foreign ministry, 40 and note 
 during the revolt of St Meri, V. 
 xxix. 73 views and influence of, 
 xxxiii. 12 present at Alibaud's at- 
 tempt on Louis Philippe, 64 death 
 of, VII. xlvii. 43. 
 
 Adige, the, military line of, VIII. Hi. 27 
 retreat of Radetsky to, 32 retreat 
 of the Austrians behind, 38. 
 
 Adjar, check of the Russians in, III. xv. 
 107. 
 
 Adlesberg, colonel, II. viii. 123. 
 
 Admiralty, motion for reducing the 
 board of, II. x. 143 the, at St Peters- 
 burg, viii. 61, 94. 
 
 Adolphus, prince, president of the estates 
 of Silesia, V. xxvii. 74. 
 
 Adramyti, naval victory of the Greeks 
 at, III. xiv. 34. 
 
 Adrianople, pacha of, III. xiv. 89, xv. 
 Ill population of, xiii. 32 note the 
 advance of the Russians in 1829 to, 
 56 advance of Diebitch to, and its 
 surrender, xv. 134 treaty of, 137 et 
 seq. policy of Russia as shown in it, 
 xv. 146 weakness of Turkey after 
 treaty of, V. xxxii. 2 establishment of 
 academy at, 53. 
 
 Adriatic, coast of, proposed cession of, 
 to Austria, vii. xli. 120. 
 
 Advertisements, reduction in duty on, 
 
 V. xxxi. 59 note. 
 
 ^Etolia, insurrection in, III. xiv. 28, 35. 
 
 Affghans, invasions of India by the, VI. 
 xl. 18 character ofthe, 21. 
 
 Affghanistan, danger from war in, VI. 
 xxxviii. 32 as the barrier to India 
 on the north, xl. 20 character of 
 the population, 21 general character 
 of its history, 22 extent of the em- 
 pire in 1810, 23 treaty with England, 
 1808, 26 treaty with Pei-sia regard- 
 ing, 27 as the barrier against Russia, 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 33 means by which it might have 
 been retained in interest of England, 
 34 state of, in 1835, 35 expulsion 
 of Shah Soojah, and accession of Dost 
 Mahommed, 36 true policy of the 
 British toward, 37 claim of Persia 
 on, 38 jealousy between, and the 
 Sikhs, 40 intrigues of Russia in, 41 
 policy of Lord Auckland toward, 42 
 policy resolved on toward, 52 error 
 of this, 53 treaty for restoration of 
 Shah Soojah, 54 preparations, and 
 forces for expedition, 56, 57 com- 
 mencement of the march, 59 its 
 difficulties, 60 passage of the Indus, 
 61 the Bolan Pass, 62 increased 
 sufferings of the troops, 63 reception 
 of Shah Soojah in Candahar, 64 
 passage of the Kyber, 65 movement 
 towards Cabul, 67 description of 
 Ghuznee, and plans of Dost Mahom- 
 med, 68 tragedy before it, 69 its 
 capture, 70 et seq. results of this, 72 
 efforts of Dost Mahommed to make a 
 stand, and his flight, 73 entry- into 
 Cabul, 74 flattering appearances in 
 the country, 76 real causes of em- 
 barrassment, 77- plans for the future, 
 78 attack on Khelat, 79 quarters 
 of the troops, 80 their growing diffi- 
 culties, 81, 83 disquieting intelli- 
 gence from Herat, 84 progress, &c. 
 of the insurrection, 86 conflicts in 
 the Bamian, 87, 88 defeat of Dost 
 Mahommed, 89 fresh attempt by 
 him, 90 and victory, 92 his sur- 
 render, 93 increased tranquillity' of 
 the country, 94 renewedinsurrection, 
 and victories of the British, 95, 96 
 progress of the insurrection in eastern, 
 97 last insurrection, 98 state of 
 affairs at Cabul, 99 forces there, 100 
 infatuation of defensive arrangements, 
 101 conduct of the British, 102 
 progress of insurrection, and death of 
 Burnes, 103 inactivity of those in 
 command, 104 loss of commissariat 
 fort, 105 further loss of stores, 106 
 fatal effects of these losses, 107 
 storming of Mahommed Shereef 's fort, 
 108 jealousy between the com- 
 manders, 109 storming of the Ricka- 
 bashee fort, 110 results of this, 111 
 actions on the heights, 112 Mac- 
 naghten calls up the troops from 
 Candahar and Jellalabad, 113 disas- 
 ter in Kohistan, 114 proposed re- 
 moval into Bala-Hissar, 115 attempt 
 at negotiation, 116 defeat of the 
 British, 117, 118 renewed negotia- 
 tions, 119, 120 and arrival of Akbar 
 Khan, 120 capitulation of the British, 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Affghanistan, continued. 
 
 121 faithlessness of the enemy, and 
 misery of the troops, 122 secret ne- 
 gotiation of Macnaghten with Akbar, 
 123 murder of Macnaghten, 124 its 
 effects, &c, 125 fresh treaty, 126 
 final treaty, 127 commencement of 
 march, 128 its increasing horrors, 129 
 passage of the Coord Cabul, 130 
 ascent of the plateau, and surrender 
 of the ladies, 131 continued losses, 
 132 retreat to Jugdulluck, 133 ar- 
 rival of the survivor at Jellalabad, 134 
 conduct of Sale and Nott, 135 
 injustice of the expedition, 137 errors 
 in its conception, 138 disproportion 
 of force employed, 139 error in the 
 final military arrangements, 141 
 causes of this, 142 real causes of the 
 disasters, 143, 144 Peel's conduct on 
 intelligence of the disaster in, VII. xli. 
 61 danger of India after retreat from, 
 VIII. xlviii. 47 divided councils re- 
 garding it, 51 passage of the Kyber 
 Pass, 61 et seq. relief of Jellalabad, 
 63 Ellenborough's views regai-ding, 
 70 position of the British in Canda- 
 har, 71 et seq. defeat of England, 78 
 fall of Ghuznee, 79 defence of 
 Khelat - i - Ghilzye, 80 murder of 
 Shah Soojah, 82 views of Lord Ellen- 
 borough, 81 and of Pollock, &c, 83 
 condition of the troops, 85 expe- 
 dition to Shinwaree, 06 advance of 
 Pollock, 87 victory at Jugdulluck, 
 88 and at Tezeen, 90 operations of 
 Nott, 93, 94 capture of Ghuznee, 95 
 removal of gates of Somnauth, 96 
 advance to Cabul, 97 destruction of 
 bazaar, 98 expedition to Istaliff, 99 
 general submission, 100 recovery 
 of the prisoners, 101 et seq. final re- 
 tirement of the British from, 106 
 joy in India at these successes, 107 
 restoration of Dost Mahommed, 108 
 moral lessons from the war in, 111 
 Sikh population in, xlix. 51. 
 
 Affre, archbishop of Paris, murder of, 
 VIII. 1. 92. 
 
 Afrancesados, measures of the Spanish 
 government toward the, II. vii. 76 
 measures of the Cortes regarding, 85. 
 
 Afredis, the, defence of the Kyber Pass 
 by, VI. xl. 65. 
 
 Africa, influence of the slave trade on 
 the civilisation of, V. xxxi. 78 affairs 
 of, 1837, xxxiii. 93 et seq. affairs 
 of, after capture of Constantino, VI. 
 xxxiv. 57 et seq. proposed relaxa- 
 tion of laws against deportation of 
 labourers from, VII. xliii. 8 effect of 
 the restriction, 10. Sic also Algeria. 
 
 The L 
 
 African campaign, Vernet's paintings 
 from the, III. xviii. 85. 
 
 African races, Christianity not adapted 
 to the, I. i. 73. 
 
 Afzul Khan, son of Dost Mahommed, 
 defeat and flight of, VI. xl. 72. 
 
 Agathon, Wieland's, V. xxviii. 8. 
 
 Agier, M. defection of, from the royalists, 
 III. xvii. 29. 
 
 Agion-Oros, defeat of the Turks at, III. 
 xiv. 76. 
 
 Agitation, increase of, in Ireland since 
 Catholic emancipation, IV. xxi. 160 
 effects of, in Ireland, 164 cessation 
 of, in Ireland, 171 the Catholic, 
 effects of, in relation to reform, xxii. 
 5 increase of, in Ireland, 1830, xxiii. 
 26 increased, against tithes in Ireland, 
 V. xxxi. 18, 21 importance given to, 
 by its results in case of free trade, 
 VII. xliii. 1. 
 
 Agogna, defeat of the Sardinian insur- 
 gents at, II. viii. 83. 
 
 Agra, bank of, VI. xxxix. 31 note road 
 from Bombay to, VIII. xlix. 113 note. 
 
 Agram, insurrection organised in, VIII. 
 liv. 14. 
 
 Agrarian disturbances and crimes, in- 
 crease of, in Ireland in 1823, II. x. 
 119 origin and objects of, there, IV. 
 xx. 13 prevalence of, 1823, 20 
 diminution of, 1824, 23 increase of, 
 1845, VII. xlii. 21, 70. 
 
 Agrarian law, partial establishment of, 
 in Prussian Poland, VII. xlvi. 14. 
 
 Agricultural classes, effects of the high 
 prices of 1817 on the, I. iv. 9 parlia- 
 mentary measures for relief of the, 
 1822,11. x. 129 arguments used by 
 the anti-corn-law agitators to the, VII. 
 xli. 25 distress of the, 1847, &c, 
 xliii. 117. 
 
 Agricultural depression, influence of, on 
 the immigration from Ireland, IV. 
 xxiii. 122. 
 
 Agricultural distress, debates in parlia- 
 ment on, 1816, I. ii. 33 et seq. ap- 
 pointment of committee to inquire 
 into, 1820, ii. x. 68 Brougham's 
 speech on it, 69 ct seq.- answer by 
 Ricardo, 72 new committee of in- 
 quiry into, 1821, 99 its report, 104 
 continued prevalence of, 1S23, III. 
 xix. 8 effects of, in inducing Catholic 
 emancipation, IV. xxi. 159 preval- 
 ence of, in Ireland, 1829, xxii. 18 in- 
 fluence of, in rousing the passion for 
 reform in the counties, xxiii. 133 
 motion on, 1835, VI. xxxvi. 20- com- 
 mittee on, 1836, 49 motion by Cob- 
 den on, 1845, VII. xlii. 33 and of 
 Mr Miles for its relief, 34. 
 
 irge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Agricultural districts, disturbances in, 
 1830, IV. xxii. 70 immigration of 
 workmen to the manufacturing from, 
 VII. xli. 28 effects of railway system 
 in promoting emigration from, xlii. 
 9 mortality in, compared with manu- 
 facturing, xliii. 93. 
 
 Agricultural horses, repeal of the tax on, 
 II. x. 103. 
 
 Agricultural institutions, decree for 
 establishing, in the Papal States, VII. 
 xlvi. 66. 
 
 Agricultural interest, repi'esentation of 
 the, under the old constitution of 
 England, IV. xxiii. 123 causes of the 
 decay of the, 127 preponderance of 
 the commercial over, since the reform 
 bill, VII, xlii. 87 influence of this 
 with regard to the corn laws, 89. 
 
 Agricultural labourers, numbers of, in 
 England and Ireland, VI. xxxvi. 60. 
 
 Agricultural population, effects of the 
 free - trade policy on the, in Great 
 Britain, I. i. 10 proportion of, in 
 Russia and Great Britain, II. viii. 15 
 that of Ireland, state of the, and its 
 causes, x. 1 1 6 of Germany, character 
 of the, V. xxvii. 79. 
 
 Agricultural produce, comparison of the 
 old and new state as to raising, I. i. 
 43 fall in prices of, on the peace, ii. 
 6, 43 effects of fall of prices of, on 
 Ireland, II. x. 118 continued fall in 
 price of, x. 128 value of, in Eng- 
 land and France, III. xvii. 38 rise 
 in prices of, in England, 1823, &c, 
 xix. 7 annual value of, in England, 
 42 depreciation of, distress caused 
 by, in Ireland, IV. xx. 19 low prices 
 of, xxi. 33 influence of low price of, 
 in Ireland, V. xxxi. 53 fall in value 
 of, 1833, and distress resulting from 
 it, 55 increase of, Canada, VI. xxxvii. 
 112 falling off of, in the West Indies, 
 125. 
 
 Agricultural Protection Society, the, 
 VII. xlii. 39. 
 
 Agriculture, decline of, from free trade 
 in England, I. i. 10 causes of the de- 
 cay of, in Rome, 33 inapplicability 
 of steam to, and its results, 42 et seq. 
 comparison between the old and 
 the new state with regard to, 43 
 alleged excessive development of, 
 during the war, ii. 36 pressure of 
 taxation on, 39 of the poor-rate, 40 
 low state of, in Russia, II. viii. 14 
 predominance of, there, 20 impetus 
 given to, in Russia, by free trade in 
 England, 53 revival of, in France, 
 ix. 2 Council of, formed in France, 7 
 prosperous condition of, in France, 
 
 1824, III. xvi. 12 alleged effect of 
 division of properties on, 46 French, 
 prosperity of, 1830, xvii. 38 import- 
 ance of, as compared with manufac- 
 tures, xix. 42 superiority of interests 
 of, in England, ib. prosperous state 
 of, in the beginning of 1825, 62, 63 
 joint-stock companies for, 1825, 66 
 note small proportion engaged in, 
 IV. xxi. 37 large number in France, 
 38 depression of, by free trade, and 
 its effects in Ireland, 169, 170 influ- 
 ence of the railway system in develop- 
 ing, xxii. 64 classes dependent on, 
 xxiii. 136 numbers dependent on, 
 160 jealousy between, and manufac- 
 tures in Prussia, V. xxvii. 6Q pro- 
 gress of, in Germany since the peace, 
 7 distressed state of, 1833, xxxi. 56 
 continued depression of, 1834, 111 
 improvement of, in Algeria, xxxiii. 
 7 depressed state of, 1835, VI. xxxv. 
 14 English and Irish, comparison of, 
 60 anticipated effects of corn-law 
 repeal on, VII. xlii. 61 Sir R. Peel's 
 measure the withdrawal of protection 
 from, 90 depression of, under free 
 trade in Ireland, and influence of this 
 in inducing emigration, xliii. 48 
 influence of capital in, compared with 
 manufactures, 155 decline of, in 
 France, 158 state of, in China, VIII. 
 xlviii. 11, 12 great improvements in, 
 consequent on free trade, lvi. 21 
 effects of the railway system on, 22. 
 
 Agriculturists, distress among the, on 
 the peace, I. ii. 4, 6 Lord Liverpool on 
 the necessity of protection to the, II. 
 x. 67 increased desire for parliamen- 
 tary reform among the, 105 aliena- 
 tion of, from the Wellington ministry, 
 IV. xxii. 58 distress of, and motion 
 in parliament for their relief, VI. 
 xxxv. 26 distress of the, in Great 
 Britain, 1839, xxxvii. 39 the Irish, 
 wages of, 1839, 45 influence of con- 
 traction of the currency on the, 
 xxxviii. 36 opposition to the sliding 
 scale among the, VII. xli. 41 alarm 
 on the new tariff among the, 55 
 advantages of the railway system to, 
 xlii. 9 depressed condition of the, 
 1845, and use made of it by the Free- 
 traders, 33 proposed relief to the, 
 under the corn-law abolition act, 50 
 alarm of the, on Sir R. Peel's pro- 
 posed changes, 56 motion for relief 
 to the, 1849, VIII. lvi. 18 outcry 
 among them, 24. 
 
 Ahmed, prince, death of, III. xiv. 86. 
 
 Ahmed Bey, siege of Akhalzikh by, III. 
 xv. 87 his defeat, 88. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Ahmed Bey of Constantine, see Achmet. 
 
 Ahnfrau, Grillparzer's drama of, V. 
 xxviii. 26. 
 
 Aidez-toi Society, the, in France, III. 
 xvi. 70 directed against the Poliguac 
 ministry, xvii. 6. 
 
 Aidos, pass through the Balkan hy, III. 
 xv. 129 defeat of the Turks at, and 
 advance of the Russians to, 13). 
 
 Airdrie, riot at, 1842, VII. xli. 23 in- 
 tended rising in, 1848, xliii. 129. 
 
 Aisue and Marne Canal, the, VII. xliv. 
 43. 
 
 Aivaly, revolt and desperate conflict in, 
 III. xiv. 35. 
 
 Aix, the Duke of Orleans at, V. xxx. 6 
 resistance to tbe new valuation in, 
 
 VII. xliv. 01. 
 
 Aix-la-Chapelle, the congress of sove- 
 reigns, &c. at, I. vi. 60 the ambassa- 
 dors, &c. at it, 61, 62 the treaty of, 
 64 secret treaty, 65 secret proto- 
 cols, 67, 68 military arrangements, 
 69 secret royalist memoir presented, 
 70 Alexander at, II. viii. 64 dis- 
 turbances in, 1830, IV. xxiv. 82. 
 
 Aizzabal, cannon foundry at, seized by 
 the Spanish insurgents, II. vii. 69. 
 
 Ajaccio, Murat at, I. iii. 99. 
 
 Ajeet Singh, murder of Shere Singh by, 
 
 VIII. xlix. 33 his death, lb. 
 
 Akbar Khan, arrival of, at Cabul, VI. xl. 
 116, 120 secret negotiation of Mac- 
 naghten with, 123 murder of the 
 latter by him, 124 reflections onit,125 
 surrender of the ladies to, 131 
 during the retreat, 132 blockade of 
 Jellalabad by, VIII. xlviii. 57, 60 
 defeat of, 65 spoliation of Futteh 
 Jung by, 87 note position chosen by, 
 90 his defeat, 91 submission of, 
 100 death of, xlix. 92. 
 
 Akhalkalaki, capture of, by the Russians, 
 III. xv. 72. 
 
 Akhalkali ceded to Russia, III. xv. 137. 
 
 Akhalzikh, pacha of, III. xv. 68 march 
 of the Russians on, 72 capture of it, 
 79 et seq. attack on, by the Turks, 
 85 its defence, 86, 87 and deliver- 
 ance, 88 again attacked and relieved, 
 89 ceded to Russia, 137. 
 
 Akhtar Khan, insurrection and defeat of, 
 VI. xl. 97 again in insurrection, 
 98. 
 
 Akram Khan, junction of, with Shere 
 Singh, VIII. xlix. 103- flight of, 106 
 retires to Afghanistan, 107. 
 
 Alabama, statistics of banks in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 7 note increase of banks in, 
 1837, 23. 
 
 Aladdin, Oehlenschlager's, V. xxviii. 24. 
 
 Alava, general, during, the attack of the 
 guard on Madrid, II. xi. 66 parting 
 of Ferdinand from, xii. 90. 
 
 Alazan, the marquis, II. vii. 80. 
 
 Albania, insurrections against the Turks 
 in, III. xiii. 76 state of, in 1821, xiv. 
 13. 
 
 Albanians, race of the, III. xiii. 7 revolt 
 of the, from Turkey, xiv. 94 junction 
 of the, with Redschid Pacha, 129. 
 
 Albemarle, lord, master of the horse, 
 1830, IV. xxiii, 6 note. 
 
 Alberg, the duke de, made member of 
 Chamber of Peers, I. iii. 20. 
 
 Albert, prince, marriage of Queen Vic- 
 toria to, VI. xxxviii. 3 reflections on 
 it, 4 his family, and Protestant prin- 
 ciples, 5 present during debate on 
 repeal of corn laws, VII. xiii. 48 
 at Wellington's funeral, VIII. lvi. 77, 
 79. 
 
 Albert, the archduke, captures Mortara, 
 VIII. Iii. 91 at Novara, 93, 94. 
 
 Albert, M., appointed one of provisional 
 government, VII. xlvii. 75 socialist 
 demonstration organised by, VIII. 1. 
 52 conspiracy in favour of, 57 votes 
 for, 1848, 64 note discontent of, 70 
 arrested, 74. 
 
 Albi, resistance to the new valuation in, 
 VII. xliv. 61. 
 
 Albion, the, at the battle of Algiers, I. 
 ii. 77 at Xavarino, III. xiv. 160, 161, 
 162, 163. 
 
 Albrecht, M., VIII. liii. 33. 
 
 Albufera, the duke of, made a peer, I. 
 vi. 96 at the birth of the Duke de 
 Bordeaux, II. ix. 84, 85. 
 
 Aldobrandini, movement of, at Rome, 
 VII. xlvi. 72. 
 
 Alentejo, invasion of, from Spain, IV. 
 xxi. 50. 
 
 Aleppo, earthquake of August 18, 1823, 
 in, III. xiv. 81 capture of, by Ibra- 
 him Pacha, V. xxxii. 11 cession of, 
 to Mehemet Ali, 28. 
 
 Alessandria, revolutionary movement at, 
 II. vii. 119 occupation of, by the 
 Austrians, viii. 84, 86 conditions of 
 armistice regarding, VIII. Iii. 98. 
 
 Alessandrini, heads the insurgents at 
 Bologna, VIII. Iii. 105. 
 
 Alexander, the emperor, I. iii. 131 de- 
 mands the disbanding of the army of 
 the Loire, 25 alienation of, from Tal- 
 leyrand, 41- intimacy of Richelieu 
 witli, 43 views of, in the negotiations, 
 46, 47 views of, in the Holy Alliance, 
 50 its terms, 51 views of, regarding 
 the punishment of Ney,&c, 75 efforts 
 of, regarding the army of occupation, 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 &c, vi. 29, 30 arrival of, at Aix-la- 
 Chapelle, 62 conversation of, with 
 the Duke de Richelieu, 63 visit of, 
 to Louis XVIII at Paris, 74 ships of 
 war bought by Spain from, II. vii. 50 
 acquisition of the grand-duchy of 
 Warsaw by, viii. 3 educational 
 measures of, 21 establishment of mi- 
 litary colonies by, 43 on the univer- 
 sal corruption in Russia, 49 return 
 of, to Russia in 1815, 57 his benefi- 
 cent measures, 58 marriage of his 
 sister, &c, 59 incessant travels of, 
 60 his various measures, 61 his 
 arrival at Warsaw in 1818, 62 his 
 speech to the Polish Diet, 63 his 
 journey to his southern provinces, 64 
 efforts of, for the enfranchisement 
 of the serfs, 65 measures, &c. dur- 
 ing 1819, 66 expulsion of the Jesuits, 
 67 change wrought in his mind by 
 the 1-evolution of 1820, 68 dissolu- 
 tion of the Polish Diet in 1820, 69 
 the Congress of Troppau, 70, 71 at 
 that of Lay bach, 72 measures of, 
 against the Piedmontese insurgents, 
 81 revolt in a regiment of his guards, 
 87 refuses to support the Greeks, 
 88 his views on the Greek revolt, ib. 
 extension of his empire in North 
 America, 89 suppression of free- 
 masons' and other secret societies, 90 
 failure of his philanthropic schemes, 
 91 his charity after the inundation at 
 St Petersburg, 96 parentage, cha- 
 racter, &c. of his empress, 98 the 
 conspiracy in the army revealed to 
 him, 119 congratulations of, on 
 the birth of the Duke de Bordeaux, 
 ix. 86 at the Congress of Verona, 
 xii. 11 his views, 13 views of, on 
 the Spanish question, 20 denuncia- 
 tion of the Spanish constitution by, 
 34 ui-ges moderation on Ferdinand. 
 95 his offer of assistance in Spain re- 
 jected by France, 1 00 acquisition of 
 Georgia by, III. xiii. 70 a rumoured 
 member of the Hetairia, xiv. 5 
 reasons for supporting the Greek in- 
 surgents, 18 he remains neutral, 19 
 official declaration of, against the 
 Greek insurgents, 29 opposes the re- 
 cognition of Greece by the Congress of 
 Verona, 83 pacific tendencies of, 
 toward the close of his reign, xv. 2 
 friendship of, for Diebitch, 114 note 
 countenance given to the expectation 
 of liberal institutions by, V. xxvii. 14 
 amours of, and alienation from his 
 empress, II. viii. 99 death of his na- 
 tural daughter, 100 reconciliation to 
 
 the empress, 101 service in the ca- 
 thedral of Kazan, 102 his departure, 
 103 his arrival at Taganrog, 104 
 his last illness, 105 and death, 106 
 his funeral, 107 character of, 109 
 his failings, 110 extent of Russia 
 under, 54 note. 
 
 Alexander the Great, the invasion of 
 India by, VI. xl. 18 his route, 19, 20 
 proportion of European and Asiatic 
 troops in army of, xxxix. 27. 
 
 Alexander's column, arrival of the British 
 at, VIII. xlviii. 103. 
 
 Alexander's Triumph, Thorwaldsen's,V. 
 xxviii. 75. 
 
 Alexandretta, capture of, by Ibrahim 
 Pacha, V. xxxii. 12. 
 
 Alexandria, Constantinople supplied with 
 grain from, III. xiii. 21 improvement 
 of harbour of, by Mehemet Ali, V. 
 xxxii. 3 defection of the Turkish 
 fleet at, 50 blockade of, by the Brit- 
 ish, 65. 
 
 Alfieri, marquis, VII. xlvi. 70. 
 
 Alfort, veterinary school of, decree dis- 
 banding, V. xxix. 67. 
 
 Algeria, see for conquest, &c, Algiers 
 further successes in, 1830, IV. xxv. 18 
 affairs of, V. xxx. 28 origin of the 
 Zouaves in, 29 military successes, and 
 establishment of the colony, 30 
 flourishing state of, 1834, xxxiii. 7 
 affairs of, 1837, 93 et seq. the migra- 
 tory Arabs and their annual migration, 
 94 the conquests of the Romans and 
 Saracens, 95 faults of the French 
 government after the revolution, 96 
 the Numidian horsemen, 97 early 
 difficulties of Clause!, 98 character of 
 Abd-el-Kadr, 99 his first successes, 
 100 disaster of General Trezel, 101 
 victory of Clausel, 102 capture and 
 recapture of Klemsen, 103 Ahmed 
 Bey joins theleague against the French, 
 104 operations in the west, and vic- 
 tory of the Sickak, 105 preparations 
 for siege of Constantine, 106 com- 
 mencement of expedition, 107 march 
 on Constantine, and its hardships, 108 
 description of it, 109 repulse of 
 the French, 110 their disastrous re- 
 treat, 111 forces voted for, 114 di- 
 verging views of the commanders, 115 
 conference between Bugeaud and 
 Abd-el-Kadr, 116 treaty of La Tafna, 
 117 indignation at it in France, 118 
 preparations for expedition against 
 Constantine, 119 commencement of 
 siege, 120 its progress, 121 death of 
 Damremont, 122 storming of it, ib. 
 joy in France on the successes 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the A rabic to the Paragraph.
 
 8 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Algeria, continued. 
 in, VI. xxxiv. 1 force voted for, 
 1838, 16 affairs of, after storming 
 of Constantino, 57 their threat- 
 ening aspect, 58 commencement of 
 the insurrection, 59 defensive mea- 
 sures, and successes of the French, 60 
 description of, VII. xlv. 1 the 
 Sahara, 2 influence arising from its 
 character to the rulers of the Tel, 3 
 varieties of the climate, 4 the Kabyles, 
 .5 statistics of the colony, 6 diffi- 
 culties of it in respect to industry, 7 
 exports and imports, 8 its importance 
 as a school for war, 9 qualities called 
 out in the officers and soldiers, 10 
 characters of the French generals en- 
 gaged in, 11 et seq. state of, in 1840, 
 22 first operations, and storming of 
 Medeah, 23 expedition against Mili- 
 anah, 24 combat on the Col de 
 Mouzaia, 25 campaign of 1841, 26 
 successes during it, 27 submission of 
 various tribes, 28 final defeat and 
 flight of Abd-el-Kadr, 29 his reap- 
 pearance, 30 capture of his harem, 
 31 difficulties and rupture with 
 Marocco, 32, 33 first hostilities, 34 
 conference with the Marocco chief, 35 
 failure of it, 36 commencement of 
 hostilities by sea and land, 37 bom- 
 bardment of Tangiers and Mogadore, 
 38 critical position of the French, 39 
 
 battle of Isly, 40 et seq peace with 
 
 Marocco, 43 campaign against the 
 Kabyles, and fresh efforts of Abd-el- 
 Kadr, 44 capitulation of Abd-el- 
 Kadr, 45 general submission and 
 pacification of the country, 46 gene- 
 ral view of it, 47 diminutive scale of 
 its industrial resources, 48 parallel 
 between it and the British empire in 
 India, 49 reception of the revolution 
 of 1848 in, VIII. 1. 41. 
 
 Algerines, defeat of, by the Greeks, III. 
 xiv. 98. 
 
 Algesiraz, reception of Riego at, II. vii. 
 66. 
 
 Algiers, the expedition to, motives which 
 led to it, I. ii. 68 outrages of the 
 Algerines, 69 first negotiations with 
 the Dey regarding piracy, &c, 69 
 description of, its defences, harbour, 
 &c, 70 the force for the attack on it, 
 71 et seq. preparations for defence, 
 74 arrival of the fleet at, 75 battle, 
 76 et seq. its results, 80 submission 
 of the government, liberation of the 
 prisoners, &c, 81 et seq. reflections 
 on the battle, 83 the French expedi- 
 tion to, III. xvii. 40 grounds of the 
 quarrel, and negotiations with Eng- 
 
 land on it, 41 departure of the expe- 
 dition, 42 its landing, 43 attack on 
 the town, 46 its surrender, 47 sta- 
 tistics of, 48 true objects of the 
 expedition to, 118 expense of the 
 expedition to, IV. xxiv. 63 suspicion 
 excited in Turkey by the French in- 
 vasion of, V. xxxii. 22 demand of 
 Turkey of tribute from France for, 44 
 dissensions in cabinet regarding go- 
 vernor of, xxxiii. 3 note improve- 
 ment in town of, 7 province of, 
 terms of treaty of La Tafna regarding, 
 117 the bombardment of, as an in- 
 stance of naval attack on land defences, 
 VI. xxxiv. 29 population of province 
 of, VII. xlv. 6 city of, danger of, in 
 1840 from the Arabs, 25 province of, 
 47. 
 
 Ali Bey, appointed grand- vizier, III. xiv. 
 86. 
 
 Ali Pacha, the dethronement, &c. of, 
 III. xiii. 23 the revolt of, against 
 Turkey, 36 victory of the Suliotes 
 over, 75 sketch of his career, 78 
 note insurrection of, 78 betrayal of 
 the Hetairia to, xiv. 6 the cession of 
 Parga demanded by, 8 its surrender 
 to him, 10 besieged in Janina, 44 
 capitulation of, 55 his perfidious 
 seizure and death, 56 rejoicings at 
 Constantinople on his fall, 57. 
 
 Ali Musjid, capture of fort of, VI. xl. 65 
 attempt to relieve, and its abandon- 
 ment, VIII. xlviii. 55 recapture of, 
 63. 
 
 Ali Yar, governor of Tauris, III. xv. 
 25. 
 
 Alibaud, the attempt of, to assassinate 
 Louis Philippe, V. xxxiii. 64 his trial 
 and execution, 65. 
 
 Alicante, declared a free port, II. vii. 
 51 violence of the royalists in, xii. 
 81. 
 
 Alien Act, continuation of the, I. iv. 46 
 renewal of the, 1824, IV. xx. 29 re- 
 flections on it, 30 passing of the, 
 1845, VII. xlii. 32. 
 
 Aliens, statistics regarding, IV. xx. 29 
 true principles of legislation regarding, 
 30. 
 
 Alison, Rev. Archibald, on the peace, I. 
 ii. , 4 5 the works of, v. 40. 
 
 Alison, Dr, his efforts on behalf of the 
 poor of Scotland, VII. xlii. 28. 
 
 Aliwal, movement of the Sikhs to, VIII. 
 xlix. 77 battle of, 78 et seq.- its re- 
 sults, 79. 
 
 Allaghez mountains, the, III. xv. 67. 
 
 Allais, a spy, VIII. lvii. 31. 
 
 Allan, Sir William, the paintings of, I. 
 v. 92. 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 <) 
 
 Allemagne Constitutionelle, journal call- 
 ed, prohibited in Germany, IV. xxv. 29. 
 
 Allemandi, general, invasion of the Tyrol 
 by, VIII. lii. 34 his defeat, 35. 
 
 Alliance, first divergence of policy in the, 
 II. viii. 73. 
 
 Allied indemnities, arrangement with 
 regard to the, in 1818, 1, vi. 59. 
 
 Allied powers, treaty with the, regarding 
 the right of search, VII. xliv. 49. 
 
 Allied sovereigns, the, arrival of, in Paris, 
 
 I. iii. 22 secret memoir of the French 
 royalists to, vi. 70 preparations of, 
 against the Piedmontese insurgents, 
 
 II. viii. 81. 
 
 Allies, the, occupation of France by, 
 their requisitions, &c, I. iii. 4 de- 
 mand the punishment of the Napo- 
 leonists, 18 compel the disbanding 
 of the army of the Loire, 25 first 
 requisitions of, on France, 28 settle- 
 ments of their troops in the country, 
 and their exactions, 29 difficulties of 
 the negotiations with, 46 convention 
 between, for exclusion of Napoleon 
 from France, 49 moderation toward 
 France shown by, 53 views and in- 
 fluence of, with regard to the punish- 
 ment of Ney, 75 the indemnity from 
 Franco to, vi. 28 new convention 
 with, regarding the army of occupa- 
 tion, 30 evacuation of France agreed 
 to by, 64 secret treaty between them 
 and France, 65 secret protocols be- 
 tween them, 67, 68 evacuation of 
 France by their troops, 71 new 
 arrangements, &c, regarding Greece 
 by, V. xxxii. 35 treaty of, for settle- 
 ment of Eastern question, 57 their 
 preparations to enforce it on Mehemet 
 Ali, ib. conciliatory note from them 
 to France, 59 plans of, and forces for 
 the operations in Syria, 62 note from 
 the French government to, 69 paci- 
 fication of the East as arranged by, 75 
 their treaty of 15th July 1840 on 
 the affairs of the East, VI. xxxiv. 92 
 memorandum to France, 93 final 
 treaty of, regarding the East, and re- 
 cognition of that of Unkiar-Skelessi, 
 114 reflections on it, 116 et seq. 
 
 Allonville, M. d', the Memoires d'un 
 Homme d' Etat, by, III. xviii. 50. 
 
 Allowance system, proposed abolition of 
 the, V. xxxi. 149. 
 
 Almassy, Count Ernest, VIII. liv. 72. 
 
 Almodavar, count d', evades the trial of 
 Elio, II. xi. 72. 
 
 Almora, capture of, by the British, VI. 
 xxxix. 43. 
 
 Alo, establishment of university at, II. 
 viii. 65. 
 
 Alpuente, a leader in the Cortes of 1820, 
 
 II. vii. 84. 
 
 Alsace, cession of, demanded by Austria, 
 
 I. iii. 47. 
 
 Alskhur, capture of, by the Russians, 
 
 III. xv. 81. 
 
 Alta Mira, Don Jose de, becomes minis- 
 ter of the interior, II. xi. 52. 
 Altai mountains, the gold mines of the, 
 
 II. viii. 47. 
 
 Altenburg, accepts the Germanic con- 
 stitution of 1848, VIII. liii. 77. _ 
 
 Althorpe, lord, on the resumption of 
 cash payments, I. iv. 34 motion by, 
 regarding British enlistment in foreign 
 service, II. xii. 104 dissensions in 
 Goderich cabinet regarding, IV. xxi. 
 94 opposes the grant to Canning's 
 family, 99 bearing of the test and 
 corporation acts on, 104 vote of, on 
 the address, 1830, xxii. 25 motion 
 by, on the regency, 1830, 54 chan- 
 cellor of the exchequer, xxiii. 6 
 note his opinion of the reform bill, 
 10 note budget of, 1831, and its 
 defeat, 28 thanks voted by the 
 political unions to, 84 announces re- 
 signation of ministers, 107 budget 
 of, 1832-1833, V.xxxi. 10 note argu- 
 ments of, on the Eusso-Belgian loan, 
 11 motion by, for forenoon hours in 
 the house, 29 statistics of crime in 
 Leinster, 30 note arguments of, for 
 Irish coercion bill, 31 bill for reduc- 
 tion of Irish church introduced by, 45 
 arguments of, for Irish church bill, 
 49 budget of, 1833, 58 taxes taken 
 off by, 59 opposes the partial repeal 
 of the malt tax, ib. counter motion 
 by, 60 bank charter act introduced 
 by, 64 arguments for it, 66 argu- 
 ments of, for the India bill, 70 
 motion by, on the Irish church, 129 
 declaration of, on the Irish chui'cb, 
 133 views of, on the Irish coercion 
 bill, 138 resigns, 140 but resumes 
 office, 142 modified coercion bill 
 brought in by, 143 brings in the poor- 
 law amendment act, 147 arguments 
 for it, 148 et seq. becomes Earl 
 Spencer, 160. 
 
 Alzkow, ceded to llussia, III. xv. 137. 
 
 Amai - , preparations for siege of Constan- 
 tine at, V. xxxiii. 119. 
 
 Amarante, the conde d', attempt of, to 
 arrest the revolution of 1820, II. vii. 
 96 royalist insurrection under, xii. 
 97 defeated, and retires into Spain, ib. 
 
 Amaranth, Redwitz's poem of, V. xxviii. 
 38. 
 
 Amarillas, the marquis las, exiled from 
 Madrid, II. xi. 70. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 10 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Amatola, defeat of the British in, VIII. 
 lvi. 48 operations at, 49, 50. 
 
 Amazon steamer, loss of the, VIII. lvi. 71. 
 
 Amazon and Tiger, Kiss's, V. xxviii. 76. 
 
 Ameer Khan, leader of the Patans, VI. 
 xxxix. 46. 
 
 Ameers of Scinde, the, VIII. xlix. 2. 
 See Scinde. 
 
 Ameile, selected for punishment in 1815, 
 I. iii. 19. 
 
 Amelie, princess, sister of Louis Philippe, 
 IV. xxiv. 53. 
 
 Ameen Oollah Khan, an Affghan chief, 
 proposed seizure of, VI. xl. 123 
 defeat of, at Istaliff, Villi xlviii. 99 
 submission of, 100. 
 
 America, increased emigration to, I. i. 
 10 exports from Great Britain to, iv. 
 107 note settlement of the Russian 
 boundaries in, II. viii. 97 Chateau- 
 briand's residence in, xi. 6 note, III. 
 xviii. 8 Tocqueville's democracy in, 
 xviii. 58 reaction against popery in, 
 IV. xxi. 173 emigration to, xxiii. 122 
 immigration from Germany and the 
 British Isles into, V. xxvii. 1 note 
 acquisitions of Russia in, VI. xl. 29 
 food growing districts of, VII. xli. 37 
 Irish emigrants to, 1841-1855, xliii. 
 46 note. See also United States, 
 Canada, South America, &c. 
 
 Americans, the aboriginal, disappearance 
 of, V. xxxi. 77. 
 
 American mines, influence of the dis- 
 covery of the, on Europe, I. i. 33 
 their diminished produce, 36. 
 
 American sympathisers, efforts of the, 
 in Canada, VI. xxxvii. 89 disclaimed 
 by their government, 91 renewed 
 efforts and defeats of the, 1838, 105 
 execution of the leaders, 108. 
 
 Amersham, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Amherst, Lord, appointed governor of 
 Canada, VI. xxxvi. 27 appointed 
 governor-general of India, and com- 
 mencement of the Burmese war, III. 
 xix. 17, VI. xxxix. 54 commences 
 hostilities, 55. 
 
 Amiens, Louis Philippe at, IV. xxv. 56. 
 
 Amis du Peuple, society of, dissolved by 
 government, IV. xxiv. 65 at Lamar- 
 que's funeral, V. xxix. 58. 
 
 Amnesty, professed general, in Spain, II. 
 vii. 37, 43 proclamation of, in Spain 
 on the marriage of the king, G3 the 
 pretended, of Ferdinand, II. xii. 95 
 law of exceptions to the, repealed in 
 France, IV. xxiv. 61 proclamation of, 
 in Prussia, on the 300th anniversary 
 of the Reformation, V. xxvii. 61 
 
 xxxii. 37 proposed, in France, 1834, 
 xxxiii. 3 discussion on it, 5 general, 
 on the marriage of the Duke of Orleans, 
 88 general, on the Duke de Nemours' 
 marriage, VI. xxxiv. 75 general, pro- 
 claimed by Pius IX., and transports on 
 it, VII. xlvi. 65 political, proclaimed 
 in Naples, 85 Venice, VIII. Iii. 119 
 general, proclaimed in Austria, liv. 20. 
 
 Amoy, storming of, VIII. xlviii. 34 
 opening of, 45. 
 
 Amphitheatre, the, at Verona, II. xii. 12. 
 
 Anagnostoros, gallant defence and death 
 of, at Sphacteria, III. xiv. 122. 
 
 Anapa, capture of, by the Russians, III. 
 xiii. 70 cession of, to Russia, 73 
 again captured by the Russians, xv. 
 43 and ceded to Russia, 137. 
 
 Anatolia, amnesty from Turkey to, 1833, 
 V. xxxii. 28. 
 
 Anatoliko, revolt in, III. xiv. 35 siege 
 of, by the Turks, 96 is raised, ib. 
 
 Anatolicon, fort of, Missolonghi, III. 
 xiv. 129 captured, 136 captured by 
 the Greeks, xv. 141. 
 
 Ancillon, M. d', at the Congress of Muntz 
 Graetz, V. xxx. 25 supports France 
 at the congress, 27. 
 
 Ancona, democratic insun-ection in, 1830, 
 
 IV. xxv. 26 its suppression, 28 ex- 
 pedition to, resolved on by France, 
 and reasons for it, V. xxix. 25 its 
 success, 29 sensation caused by it, 
 30 evacuation of, by the French, VI. 
 xxxiv. 21 capture of, by the Aus- 
 trians, VIII. Iii. 105. 
 
 Andalusia, brigandage in, II. vii. 35 
 disturbances in, 1819, 54 ravages of 
 yellow fever in, 61 secret royalist 
 committee in, 80 revolt of the 
 Carabineers in, xi. 65 their defeat, 
 C8 advance of the French into, xii. 77. 
 
 Andersen, Hans, the autobiography of, 
 
 V. xxviii. 55 the novels of, 60. 
 Anderson, brigadier, wounded at Man- 
 gore, VIII. xlix. 41. 
 
 Anderson, captain, defeat of the Ghilzies 
 
 by, VI. xl. 86 operations of, at Cabul, 
 
 112. 
 Anderson, lieutenant, murder of, at 
 
 Mooltan, VIII. xlix. 94. 
 Andilla, the baron d', appointed governor 
 
 of Cadiz, II. xi. 44 his appointment 
 
 resisted, 45 evades presiding at 
 
 Elio's trial, 72. 
 Andros, defeat of the Turkish fleet near, 
 
 III. xiv. 125. 
 Androuzzo, a Greek naval leader, III. 
 
 xiv. 63. 
 Andujar, the decree of, II. xii. 81, 82. 
 Angerstein Gallery, purchase of the, by 
 
 the nation, III. xix. 15. 
 
 general, proclaimed by Otho in Greece 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 11 
 
 Anglesea, marquis of, becomes master- 
 general of the ordnance, IV. xxi. 66 
 lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 97 note 
 letter from, on Catholic emancipation, 
 xxi. 125 recalled, ib. lord-lieuten- 
 ant of Ireland, 1 830, xxiii. 6 note 
 master-general of ordnance, 1846, VII. 
 xliii. 4 note at Wellington's funeral, 
 VIII. lvi. 78,79. 
 
 Anglo-Mexican Mining Company, the, 
 III. xix. 66 note. 
 
 Anglo-Saxons, Turner's History of the, 
 I. v. 52 in England, II. vii. 1 per- 
 sistent character of the, i. 60. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon character, adaptation of, to 
 the office assigned to it, I. i. 72. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon race, influence of the re- 
 form bill on the spread of the, IV. 
 xxiii. 121 practical character of the, 
 V. xxxi. 4. 
 
 Angora, population of, III. xiii. 32 
 note. 
 
 Angouleme, the duke d', I. iii. 29 
 views of, regarding the electoral ordi- 
 nance of 1815, 16 difficulties expe- 
 rienced by him in the south, ib. 
 made member of Chamber of Peers, 
 20 proceedings of, at Nimes, 35 
 views of, as to the ordinance of 
 Sept. 5, 133 procures the with- 
 drawal of the Spanish troops, II. vii. 
 40 at the funeral of the Duke de 
 Berri, ix. 51 patronage of Villele by, 
 xi. 10 note commands the army of 
 invasion in Spain, xii. 61 first diffi- 
 culties of, in Spain, 68 forces of, 70 
 passage of the Bidassoa, 72 his pro- 
 gress, 73 advances to Madrid, 74 
 its capitulation, 75 and his entry, 76 
 advances into Andalusia, and de- 
 cree of Andujar, 81 at the siege 
 of Cadiz, 84 et seq. negotiations of, 
 with the Cortes, 88 his reception of 
 the king, 89, 90 urges moderation 
 on him, 91 triumphant return of, to 
 Paris, 99 declared Dauphin, III. xvi. 
 4 counsels measures against the 
 Jesuits, 81 superintends the prepa- 
 ration of the expedition to Algiers, 
 xvii. 42 during the Three Days, 75 
 appointed generalissimo, 84 opposes 
 concession, 85 violent attack on 
 Marmont by, 90 agrees at last to 
 abdication, 91 at Valognes, 96 ob- 
 jects and effects of his invasion of 
 Spain, 118. 
 
 Angouleme, the duchess d', inveteracy 
 of, against Xey, I. iii. 88 and Lava- 
 lette, 93 intercession of, on behalf 
 of Clausel, &c, 106 on the ordin- 
 ance of Sept. 5, 133 demands the 
 dismission of Decazes, II. ix. 43 at 
 
 the funeral of the Duke de Berri, 51 
 influence of, over the king, 107 
 secures the ratification of Ouvrard's 
 contract, xii. 69 absent during the 
 Three Days, III. xvii. 75 during the 
 retreat to the coast, 94 at Valognes, 
 96 at Cherbourg, 98 views of, at 
 Holyrood, V. xxix. 39 during the 
 last years of Charles X., xsxiii. 74. 
 
 Anhalt, representation of, in the Diet, 
 V. xxvii. 4 note population and 
 military contingent, 5 note accepts 
 the Germanic constitution of 1848, 
 VIII. liii. 77. 
 
 Animal food, comparative consumption 
 of, in France and England, III. xvii. 
 126. 
 
 Ann, the grand-duchess, marriage of, to 
 the Prince of Orange, II. viii. 59. 
 
 Anne, queen, creation of peers under, 
 IV. xxiii. 157 the copyright act of, 
 VII. xii. 62. 
 
 Annellini, a member of the Roman 
 triumvirate, VIII. Iii. 110. 
 
 Annual parliaments, one of the objects 
 of the Radicals, V. xxxi. 1 one of the 
 points of the charter, VI. xxxvii. 63. 
 
 Annual Register, Burke's essays in the, 
 I. v. 42 picture of the state of Eng- 
 land in 1825 from the, iii. xix. 62. 
 
 Annuitants, injustice of the income tax 
 on, VII. xii. 58. 
 
 Anti-Catholic party, gains of the, by the 
 election of 1826, IV. xxi. 44. 
 
 Anti-corn-law League, origin of the, VI. 
 xxxvii. 70 causes of its success, 71 
 increased efforts of the, xxxviii. 36, 38 
 use made of the distress of 1842, &c. 
 by the, VII. xii. 24 opposite argu- 
 ments adduced by them, 25 increased 
 agitation of the, 85 arguments of the, 
 on railways, xlii. 7 progress of the, 
 1845, &c, 33 increased efforts of, on 
 the appearance of the potato disease, 
 39 great influence of the, 89. 
 
 Anti-corn-law movement, the Chartists 
 hold aloof from the, VI. xxxvii. 64. 
 
 Anti-corn-law Rhymes, publication and 
 influence of the, VI. xxxviii. 38. 
 
 Antigua, free negroes in, V. xxxi. 96. 
 
 Antijacobin, Canning's contributions to 
 the, II. xi. 3 note. 
 
 Anti Lebanon, range of, V. xxxii. 6. 
 
 Antioch, fearful earthquake in, III. xiv. 
 81. 
 
 Antiochia, repulse of the Russians at, 
 
 III. xv. 116. 
 
 Antiquary, the, remarks on, I. v. 10. 
 Antiquity, increased reverence for, in 
 
 France, III. xviii. 2. 
 Anti-Union association, the, in Ireland, 
 
 IV. xxii. 59. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the A rabic to the Paragraph.
 
 12 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Antoinette, Louise, V. xxix. 78. 
 
 Antomarchi, Dr, Napoleon's conversa- 
 tions as recorded by, III. xviii. 43. 
 
 Antwerp, democratic spirit in, IV. xxiv. 
 71 outbreak of the insurrection in, 
 73 capture of town of, by the insur- 
 gents, and occupation, of citadel by 
 General Chasse", SO Dutch party in, 
 xxv. 60 cessation of the armistice at, 
 69 the siege of, its effect on Ger- 
 many, V. xxvii. 47 importance of, in 
 all ages, xxix. 84 convention be- 
 tween France and England for ceding 
 it to Belgium, 85 preparation for 
 its siege, 88 description of the cita- 
 del, 89 the siege, 90 et seq. its sur- 
 render, 92 reflections on the siege, 93. 
 
 Anunghoy, capture of forts of, VIII. 
 xlviii. 29. 
 
 Apollo, action between the, and the 
 Stanislaus, I. ii. 69 note. 
 
 Apostoli, Nicholas, III. xiv. 63. 
 
 Appa Sahib, a Pindarree leader, VI. 
 xxxix. 52. 
 
 Appeal, supreme court of, proposed by 
 Prussia, &c. VIII. liii. 85. 
 
 Appeal cases, increase of, IV. xx. 32 
 note. 
 
 Appeals, judicial, proportion of, in India, 
 
 VI. xxxix. 29 note. 
 
 Appel, general, at Novara, VIII. lii. 93, 
 
 94 occupies Milan, 100. 
 Appenzell, supports the Sunderbund, 
 
 VII. xlvi. 95 neutral in the contest 
 between the Radicals and Sunder- 
 bund, 102. 
 
 Appleby, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note discussion regarding disfran- 
 chising of, 74. 
 
 Appony, count, V. xxxii. 68 views of 
 Metternich on Italy as addressed to, 
 
 VII. xlvi. 76. 
 
 Apprenticeship, proposed system of, in 
 West Indies, V. xxxi. 92 failure of 
 it, 108, VI. xxxvii. 117 its abolition, 
 121 reception of this, 122 difficul- 
 ties consequent on it, 123. 
 
 Appropriation clause, the, in the Irish 
 church bill, V. xxxi. 144 arguments 
 against it, VI. xxxv. 38 et aeq. 
 defeat of Melbourne ministry on it, 
 xxxvi. 19 compromise regarding it, 
 67. 
 
 Apslcy House, attack by the reform 
 rioters on, IV. xxiii. 67, 83. 
 
 Apthorp, major, wounded at Ilykulzie, 
 
 VIII. xlviii. 78. 
 
 Aquila, the comte d', sent as lieutenant- 
 general to Sicily, VII. xlvi. 85, VIII. 
 lii. 16 his position at Palermo, 17. 
 
 Aquila, capture of, by the Austrians, 
 II. viii. 79. 
 
 Arabs, persistent character of the, I. i. 
 60 the conquests of the, III. xiii. 4 
 in Turkey, 7 number of, in Algiers, 
 xvii. 48 note, VII. xlv. 6 hostility of 
 the, in Algeria. V. xxx. 28 the mi- 
 gratory, of Algeria, xxxiii. 94 con- 
 quests of the Romans and Saracens 
 over, 95 as horsemen, 97 long hos- 
 tility of, in Algeria, VII. xlv. 9. 
 
 Arad, siege and relief of, VIII. lv. 9 
 blockaded by the Hungarians, 40 sur- 
 render of, to the Austrians, 83. 
 
 Arago, Emmanuel, counsel for Hubert, 
 VI. xxxiv. 19. 
 
 Arago, Etienne, connected with the 
 Spanish liberals, IV. xxiv. 66 op- 
 poses insurrection, VII. xlvii. 56 a 
 member of the provisional govern- 
 ment, 75 note heads the insurrection 
 of June 1849, VIII. lvii. 17. 
 
 Arago, Francjois, conference on the part 
 of the liberals with Marmont, III. 
 xvii. 78 dissuades Marmont from 
 arresting the liberal leaders, 105 
 returned to Chamber in 1831, IV. xxv. 
 57 one of the deputation to the king 
 after the revolt of St Meri, V. xxix. 
 74 heads the liberal committee in 
 Paris, his career and character, VI. 
 xxxiv. 3, 4 report on railway lines 
 by, 8 speech of, on parliamentary 
 reform, VII. xliv. 24 et seq. heads 
 the reform movement, 31 speech of, 
 on the wages question, 34 et seq. on 
 the Polish banquet, 52 nominated 
 one of the provisional government, 
 xlvii. 74, 75 note votes for, 1848, 
 VIII. 1. 64 note a member of the 
 executive commission, 67 note 
 moves commission on the working 
 classes, 68 elected to the Assembly, 
 li. 16. 
 
 Aragon, brigandage in, II. vii. 35 secret 
 royalist committee in, 80 reception 
 of the decree against the priests in, 
 89 royalist insurrection in, xi. 48 
 movements of the royalists in, 60. 
 
 Aranjuez, tumult at, ii. xi. 58. 
 
 Ararat, cession of, to Russia, III. xiii 
 73 mount, 60. 
 
 Araxes, the, Russia advanced to, III. 
 xiii. 69 defeat of the Persians on, 
 xv. 21 passage of, by the Russians, 
 101. 
 
 Arbois, insurrection at, 1834, IV. xxx. 
 47. 
 
 Arbouzoff, lieutenant, a Russian couspi- 
 rator, II. viii. 123. 
 
 Arc de l'Etoile, completion of the, v. 
 xxx. 18 grant for it, ib. note. 
 
 Arc de Triomphe, inauguration of the, 
 V. xxxiii. 66. 
 
 The Laryc Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 13 
 
 Area, Val d', forced by the Austrians, 
 VIII. Hi. 59. 
 
 Arcadia, capture of, by Ibrahim Pacha, 
 
 III. xiv. 126_Ibrahim Pacha in, 158. 
 
 Archangel, the first sea-port of Russia 
 
 II. viii. 39. 
 
 Archipelago, the seamen of the, III. xiii. 
 12 commercial prosperity of the 
 islands of the, xiv. 2 the revolt in 
 the, 22. 
 
 Architecture, recent progress of, in 
 England, I. v. 87 imitative character 
 of, in Russia, II. viii. 41 modern, in 
 Paris, III. xviii. 82 modern German, 
 V. xxviii. 79. 
 
 Arco-Arguerro, seiior, appointed cap- 
 tain-general of Estremadura, II. vii. 
 92. 
 
 Arcos, capture of, by the insurgent 
 Spaniards, II. vii. 64. 
 
 Arcot, bursting of tanks in, 1827, VI. 
 xxxix. 13. 
 
 Ardabil, capture of, by the Russians, III. 
 xv. 28. 
 
 Ardagan, capture of, by the Russians, 
 
 III. xv. 81. 
 
 Ardennes, revolutionary tumult in, II. 
 vii. 118. 
 
 Ardokhan, defeat of the Russians at, III. 
 xv. 65. 
 
 Arenenburg, chateau of, the head-quar- 
 ters of the Napoleonists, V. xxxiii. 68 
 Napoleonist intrigues at, 76, VI. 
 xxxiv. 20. 
 
 Arethusa, capture of La Pomone by the, 
 I. ii. 69 note. 
 
 Argenson, M. d', a leader of the conspir- 
 acy of 1816, I. iii. 126 in the Cham- 
 ber of 1816, vi. 10 heads the ex- 
 treme liberals in 1819, II. ix. 27 a 
 leader of the conspiracy in the army, 
 80, 81 one of the leaders of the 
 French Carbonari, xi. 18 named a 
 member of Berton's provisional go- 
 vernment, 19 objects of the party of, 
 
 III. xvii. 102. 
 
 Argos, capture of, by the Turks, III. 
 xiv. 70 civil contest in, V. xxxii. 34 
 massacre by the French in, 37. 
 
 Argout, M. d', mission of, to Charles X., 
 III., xvii. 80 abortive attempt of, to 
 negotiate, 86 becomes minister of 
 marine, IV. xxv. 8 appointed min- 
 ister of public instruction, 47- resig- 
 nation of, V. xxx. 40 appointed 
 minister of finance, xxxiii. 47, 52 note 
 report on the bank, 1848, VIII. 1. 
 23. 
 
 Argovia, changes in constitution of, 1830, 
 
 IV. xxiv. 86 decree suppressing con- 
 vents in, VII. xlvi. 92. 
 
 Arguelles, seiior, arbitrary punishment 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 of, II. vii. 40 becomes minister of 
 the interior, 75 denounced by the 
 clubs, 88 votes for the deposition 
 of the king, xii. 78. 
 Ariadne of Danneker, the, V. xxviii. 76. 
 Aristocracy, territorial and commercial, 
 difference between, I. iv. 5, 6 con- 
 nection of, with the army in England, 
 III. xvii. 109 effects of the destruc- 
 tion of, in France, 120, 127, xviii. 75 
 a landed, effects of want of, in 
 France, xvii. 136 jealousy of Can- 
 ning among, IV. xxi. 65 transference 
 of political power from, xxiii. 1 al- 
 leged effect of the reform bill on, 44 
 representation of, under the old con- 
 stitution of England, 123 diminished 
 influence of, iu France, xxv. 104 
 superiority of, as statesmen, 106 
 causes of this, 107, 108 importance 
 of their interests being identified with 
 those of production, 109 effect of 
 their heading the English movement, 
 V. xxxi. 5 confined to the towns of 
 the United States, VI. xxxvii. 10 
 unrepresented under Louis Philippe 
 in France, VII. xliv. 9 of fashion, rise 
 of the, and its influence, I. v. 108, 109. 
 Aristocratic ascendancy, results of, in 
 
 England, I. iv. 5. 
 Aristocratic classes, Catholic emancipa- 
 tion a triumph of the, IV. xxi. 158. 
 Aristocratic predominance, fall of, with 
 
 the reform bill, VI. xxiii. 134. 
 Arlanger, general d', operations and 
 
 defeat of, V. xxxiii. 105. 
 Armagh, the archbishop of, address on 
 the Irish church presented to the 
 king by, V. xxxi. 131. 
 Armagh, great Protestant muster at, IV. 
 xxi. 116 conflict between Catholics 
 and Orangemen in, xxii. 19 falling 
 off in Protestants in, VI. xxxv. 34. 
 Armenians, number of, in Constantin- 
 ople, III. xiii. 42 note. 
 Armorica, secret society of the, V. xxvii. 
 
 39. 
 Armoughi, defeat of the Greeks at, III. 
 
 xiv. 97. 
 Arms, act authorising searching for, II. 
 x. 35 bill regarding the importation 
 of, into Ireland, 1 23 act for Ireland, 
 passing of the, VII. xli. 70 bill, the 
 Irish, brought forward by the Russell 
 ministry, xliii. 29 skill of the 
 Turks in the use of, III. xiii. 47 
 law against unauthorised possession 
 of, in France, V. xxx. 51. 
 Ai'mies, correspondence between France, 
 &c, regarding reduction of, 1834, V. 
 xxx. 33 various continental, statis- 
 tics of, 26 note British and foreign, 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 14 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Armies, continued. 
 different composition of the, VII. 
 xliii. 25. 
 
 Army, course to be followed by, in re- 
 volutionary movements, II. vii. 124. 
 
 Army, the Austrian, organisation, &c. of 
 the, VIII. liii. 8 its fidelity, liv. 26, 75. 
 
 Army, &c, the British, 1815, I. ii. 2 
 reduction in it, on the peace, 9 
 strength of it, 1792 and 1816, 27 
 sums, &c. voted for it, 1816, 32 
 1818, iv. 42 comparison of it, 1792 
 and 1821, II. x. 103 note improve- 
 ment in it, under the Duke of York, 
 
 IV. xxi. 59 impossibility of relying 
 on it in 1828, 122 motion for reduc- 
 tion of it, xxii. 29 reductions in it, 
 1832, V. xxxi. 10 and 1833, 58 re- 
 duced state of, in 1841, xxxii. 81 
 suppression of Orange lodges, VI. 
 xxxvi. 20 its weakness, 1836, 51 
 weakness of the British empire from 
 its smallness, xxxvii. 2 additions to 
 it, 1839, xxxviii. 34 weakness of it, 
 1841, VII. xli. 18 flogging in it, dis- 
 cussion on, 1846, xliii. 22 et seq. 
 motion on the subject, and Welling- 
 ton's order on it, 23 reflections on 
 the subject, 24 class from which it 
 is drawn, 25 necessity for flogging in 
 the field, 26 its available strength, 
 1846, 27 introduction of system of 
 limited service into it, 94 et seq. its 
 strength, 1847-8, xlvi. 107 and in 
 1849, &c, VIII. lvi. 33 in 1850, 60. 
 
 Army, the Chinese, VIII. xlviii. 5. 
 
 Army, the Egyptian, its organisation 
 under Mehemet Ali, V. xxxii. 3. 
 
 Army, the French, changes introduced 
 into, in 1817, I. vi. 2G its fidelity 
 in 1820, II. ix. 61 new organis- 
 ation of it, 92 ordonnance of 
 Charles X. regarding it, III. xvi. 13 
 in 1826, 52- state of it in 1829, 90 
 its treachery during the Three Days, 
 xvii. 106 effects of this on freedom 
 in France, 107 its peculiar constitu- 
 tion, 109 increase in it after the Re- 
 volution of 1830, and expense of it, IV. 
 xxv. 19 increased expenditure for it 
 under Louis Philippe, 37, V. xxix. 
 22, xxx. 60 in 1832, xxix. 87 great 
 increase of it under Louis Philippe, 
 xxx. 1 how secured on behalf of his 
 government, 3 vote for increase of it, 
 1834, 51 its fidelity under Louis 
 Philippe, 61, VII. xlvii. 1 in 1834, 
 
 V. xxxiii. 3 note disclosures regard- 
 ing it, VI. xxxiv. 14 in 1838, 1839, 
 16 increase of it on the Eastern 
 crisis, 95, 97 force, &c. of it in 
 
 the province as a school for it, 9, 10 
 in Algeria, 1850-5, 48 and note 
 frauds connected with supply of grain 
 to it, 10 increase of it, 1848, VIII. 1. 
 44 in 1848, lvii. 7 motion in the 
 Assembly regarding it, 44. 
 
 Army of the Germanic Confederacy, V. 
 xxvii. 5 it the expression of general 
 opinion in Germany, 86 effects of its 
 fidelity in Germany, 1843, VIII. liii. 
 105. 
 
 Army, the Greek, V. xxxii. 38. 
 
 Army, the East Indian, strength, &c. of, 
 VI, xxxix. 25 and note statistics of it, 
 1817-51, 25 note it not excessive, 
 26 its popularity among the natives, 
 27 danger of reducing it there, 28 
 undue reduction of it after the Bur- 
 mese war, xl. 1 abolition of corporal 
 punishment in it, 6 great reductions 
 in it, 7 abstraction of officers to fill 
 civil situations, 8 in 1857, VIII. 
 xlix. 123. 
 
 Army, decree for reorganising the, in the 
 Papal States, VII. xlvi. 66. 
 
 Army, the Polish, reorganisation of, 
 under Constantine, II., viii. 10 in 
 1830, IV. xxvi. 10, 45 organisation 
 and strength of, 25. 
 
 Army, the Portuguese, revolutionary 
 movement of, 1820, II. vii. 95, 96. 
 
 Army, the Prussian, regulations regard- 
 ing, V. xxvii. 43 its fidelity, VIII. 
 liii. 63. 
 
 Army, the Roman, failure of, from de- 
 ficient currency, II. x. 6. 
 
 Army, the Russian, its composition, 
 strength, &c, II. viii. 42 its dis- 
 cipline, training, &c, 45 secret 'so- 
 cieties, &c, in it, II. viii. 117 in 
 1826, III. xv. 5 in Poland, 1S30, IV. 
 xxvi. 45. 
 
 Army, the Spanish, disposition, &c. of, 
 II. vii. 15 danger to the crown 
 from it, 41 its state, 1818, 50 
 causes of its revolt at Cadiz, 55 
 the first outbreak, 57 measures of 
 d'Abisbal, 58 its treason. 71 report 
 to the Cortes on its state, 1820, 83. 
 
 Army, the Turkish, III. xiii. 44 entirely 
 recruited from the Turks, 11. 
 
 Army of occupation in France, new con- 
 vention regarding the, I. vi. 30. 
 
 Arnim, count d', V. xxxii. 68 at the 
 meeting of Estates at Berlin, 69 
 ministry of, in Prussia, VIII. liii. 24 
 retires, 27. 
 
 Arnold, Dr, the History-of Rome by, I. 
 V. 66, V. xxviii. 43 on the paper 
 currency of Rome during the Punic 
 war, II. x. 6 note on Sir Robert Peel, 
 143. 
 
 Algeria, VII, xlv. 8 importance of 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 15 
 
 Arnoldi, a Russian general, III. xv. 
 125. 
 
 Arracan, flight of peasantry from Burmali 
 into, VI. xxxix. 54 defeat of the 
 British on frontier of, 61 storming 
 of, by the British, 67 cession of, to 
 the British, 72. 
 
 Arrest,discussioninthe French Chamber 
 on new law of, I. iii. 70 et seq. pro- 
 posed new law of, and discussion on 
 it, in France, II. ix. 52 et seq. 
 
 Arrondissements, colleges of, 1815, 1, iii. 
 15 colleges of electors for, II. ix 63. 
 
 Arsenal, capture of the, by the Parisian 
 insurgents, 1832, V. xxix. 65. 
 
 Art, the works of, carried off from 
 France, I. iii. 27 patronage of, by the 
 Russian nobility, II. viii. 41. 
 
 Arta, captured bv the Greeks and retaken 
 by the Turks, III. xiv. 44 defeat of 
 the Turks near, 91 atrocities of 
 brigands in, V. xxxii. 38. 
 
 Artesian wells, early invention of, in 
 China, VIII. xlviii. 17. 
 
 Arthur, Sir George, appointed Governor 
 of Upper Canada, VI. xxxvii. 93. 
 
 Artificial wants, absence of, as a restraint 
 in Ireland, IV. xx. 4 restraints im- 
 posed on population by, VII., xlii. 28. 
 
 Artillery, efforts of Lord Hardinge for 
 increasing the, VIII. lvi. 68. 
 
 Artisans, emigration and combination of, 
 repeal of laws against, III. xix. 52 
 strikes among, and violence employed 
 in these, 53. 
 
 Artois, the count d', supports Fouche, 
 I. iii. 8, 9 views of, regarding the elec- 
 toral ordinance of 1815, 16 opposi- 
 tion to him in the north, ib. made 
 member of Chamber of Peers, 20 
 procures the dismissal of Fouche", 39, 
 40 party in the Chambers headed by, 
 56 objects to taking the oath of fidel- 
 ity, 62 and the ordinance of Sept. 5, 
 132, 133 feelings of, on the appoint- 
 ment of St Cyr, vi. 41 conversation 
 between the king and, on the elections 
 of 1819, II. ix. 22 at the deathbed of 
 the Duke de Berri, 37 demands the 
 dismission of De'cazes, 43 supports 
 the Richelieu ministry, 44 dissatis- 
 faction of, with the ministry, 1821, 
 105 influence of, over the king, 107 
 secures Chateaubriand being created 
 a peer, xi. 6 note influence of, with 
 the king, xii.120 at his deathbed, 122 
 - See afterwards Charles X. 
 
 Arundel, partially disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Arvillars, general d', at Santa Lucia, 
 VIII. Hi. 41. 
 
 Arzew, taken by Abd-el-Kadr, and re- 
 
 taken by the French, V. xxxiii. 100 
 terms of treaty of La Tafna regarding, 
 117. 
 
 Arzobisbo, capture of bridge of, by the 
 French, II. xii. 77. 
 
 Ascot, attack on the king at, V. xxxi. 2. 
 
 Ashburnham, brigadier, at Sobraon, 
 VIII. xlix., 82, 84. 
 
 Ashburton, lord, sent out to settle the 
 Maine boundary question, VII. xli. 90 
 treaty concluded by him, 91 reflec- 
 tions on it, 92 on the commercial 
 crisis of 1825, xliii. 113 and note. 
 
 Ashburton, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Ashley, lord, bill for regulating factory 
 labour by, V. xxxi. 109 bills brought 
 in by, for regulating infant labour, 
 VII. xli. 78 -his ten hours bill, 80 
 on the approaching fall of the corn 
 laws, xlii. 40 his advocacy of the 
 factory operative, xliii. 92. 
 
 Asia, the, at Xavarino, III. xiv. 160, 
 161, 162, 163. 
 
 Asia, Turkish ship, destruction of, III. 
 xiv. 124. 
 
 Asia, passion for migration in, III. xiii. 
 2 conquests and settlements of the 
 tribes of, 4 interventions of Russia 
 in, 67 earthquake in, 1823, xiv. 81 
 cession of fortresses in, demanded by 
 Russia, xv. 15 commencement of 
 campaign of 1828 in, xv. 66 forces 
 of the Russians, ib. the scene of 
 operations, 67 terrible wars between, 
 and Europe, IV. xxvi. 1 causes of 
 this perpetual strife, 2 opposite 
 sources of their strength and weak- 
 ness, 3 effect of the raising of the 
 siege of Herat in, VI. xl. 51 in- 
 creased influence of England from it, 
 52 effects of want of a middle class 
 in, VIII. xlviii. 13. 
 
 Asia Minor, description of, III. xiii. 62 
 its military resources, 63 moun- 
 tainous nature of, and want of roads, 
 64 cruelties of the Turks in, xiv. 26 
 preparations and forces of the Turks 
 in, 1828, xv. 33 scene of campaign 
 of 1828 in, 67 terms of treaty of 
 Adrianople regarding, 137 physical 
 structure of, V. xxxii. 6 its military 
 character, 7 excitement in, on the 
 battle of Konieh, 20 progress of 
 Ibrahim Pacha in, 25 importance of 
 Syria in relation to, 63. 
 
 Asiatics, characteristics of, IV. xxvi. 2 
 sources of their strength and weak- 
 ness, 3. 
 
 Asiatic habits, prevalence of, among the 
 Russians, II. viii. 19. 
 
 Asiatic monarchies, the revolt of distant 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 16 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Asiatic monarchies, continued. 
 
 provinces the usual cause of their de- 
 cay, V. xxxii. 1. 
 
 Asiatic races, Christianity not adapted 
 to the, I. i. 73. 
 
 Asiatic and European troops, right pro- 
 portion of, in India, VI. xxxix. 27. 
 
 Asiatic Turkey, natural defences of, III. 
 xiii. 59. 
 
 Askani, occupied by the Russians, III. 
 xv. 82. 
 
 Asnieres, cholera at, V. xxix. 32 note. 
 
 Asperu, campaign of, Pelet's account of, 
 III. xviii. 47. 
 
 Aspre, baron d', forces under, in Italy, 
 VIII. lii. 4 surrender of Treviso to, 
 59 at Custoza, 67 entry of, into 
 Milan, 75 defeat of Garibaldi by, 77 
 movements of, on renewal of the 
 war, 91 at Novara, 93 intervention 
 of, at Leghorn, 104 captures Bologna, 
 105. 
 
 Assam, successes of the British in, 1825, 
 VI. xxxix. 66. ' 
 
 Assassination, open recommendation of, 
 in the French press, II. ix. 30. 
 
 Assembly, the Canadian, refuse the sup- 
 plies, VI. xxxvi. 27 opening of, 1835, 
 and demands of the opposition, 29 
 report by, on the wants of Canada, 
 xxxvii. 94 effect of the union of the 
 provinces on, 111. 
 
 Assessed taxes, reduction of the, 1823, 
 III. xix. 10 and 1825, 70 note class 
 by which paid, IV. xxiii. 125 reduc- 
 tion in, 1833, V. xxxi. 59 note ad- 
 ditions to, 1839, VI. xxxviii. 31. 
 
 Assignat system, effects of the, in 
 France, II. x. 8. 
 
 Assignats, destruction of capital by the, 
 III. xvii. 131. 
 
 Association, law proposed against, in 
 France, V. xxx. 35 violent debate 
 on it, 36 et serj. it is passed, 40. 
 
 Association, the Central, in Dublin, its 
 organisation, &c, V. xxxi. 32. 
 
 Assumption, church of the, Paris, attack 
 by the mob on, IV. xxv. 45. 
 
 Astrakhan, population of, II. viii. 20 
 note conquest of, by Ivan the Ter- 
 rible, 38. 
 
 Astros, meeting of the Greek National 
 Assembly at, III. xiv. 88. 
 
 Asturias, reception of the decree against 
 
 the priests in, II. vii. 8.0. 
 Asurghur, surrender of, to the British, 
 VI. xxxix. 46 capture of, by the 
 British, 52. 
 Ateliers Nationaux, formation of the, 
 in Paris, VIII. 1. 13 who was respon- 
 sible for them, 14 Louis Blanc"s 
 share in them, 15 admissions to them, 
 
 26 their cost, 78 revolt of the work- 
 men of the, 82 et seq dissolved, 98. 
 
 Ateliers Sociaux, Louis Blanc's proposed, 
 
 VIII. 1. 16. 
 Athalin, general, ambassador from Louis 
 
 Philippe to Russia, IV. xxiv. 48. 
 Athens, advantages of her colonies to, 
 II. vii. 3 commencement of the in- 
 surrection in, III. xiv. 22 formation 
 of a senate at, 28 siege of Acropolis 
 raised, 38 again besieged by the 
 Greeks, ib. surrender of the Acropolis 
 to the Greeks, and violation of the 
 capitulation, 73 reoccupied by the 
 Turks, 91 again abandoned by the 
 Turks, 92 abandoned and again oc- 
 cupied by the Greeks, 1 1 3 statistics 
 of, population, &c, 1824, 117 siege 
 of, by the Turks, 1826, 149 its fall, 
 150. 
 Athos, mount, the monks of, III. xiv. 
 
 46 massacre of hostages from, 69. 
 Atlas, nomad races of the, V. xxxiii. 94 
 extension of the French conquests 
 into the, VI. xxxiv. 57 expedition 
 into the, 58 the ascent from Algeria 
 to, VII. xiv. 1 the Great and Little, 
 2 the climate of the, 4 passage of 
 the, by the French, 23. 
 Atlas tribes, number of, in Algiers, III. 
 
 xvii. 48 note. 
 Atmeidan, defeat of the Janizaries in 
 
 the, III. xv. 11. 
 Attala and Rene, Chateaubriand's, II. xi. 
 
 6 note, III. xviii. 8. 
 Attica, commencement of the insurrec- 
 tion in, III. xiv. 22 ravaged by the 
 Turks, 38 again evacuated by 
 them, ib. 92 the Turks again expelled 
 from, 113 statistics of, 1824, 117 
 operations in, 1825, 146 invaded by 
 the Turks, ib. 
 Attila, Werner's drama of, V. xxviii. 28. 
 Attock, route to India by, VI. xl. 19, 20 
 cession of, to Runjeet Singh agreed 
 to by Shah Soojah, 54 capture of, 
 by the Sikhs, VIII. xlix. 99. 
 Attwood, Mr, speech of, on the currency 
 question, 1822, II. x. 136 et seq. his 
 speech on the causes of Irish distress 
 and agitation. IV. xxii. 11 motion by, 
 on the currency, 1 830, 32 and note 
 speech of, on the state of the country, 
 1 833, V. xxxi. 56 motion by, for in- 
 vestigation into the currency, VI. 
 xxxvi. 49 motion by, on the case 
 of the Vixen, 72 presentation of 
 Chartist petition by, xxxvii. 63 mo- 
 tion by, on the Charter, 65. 
 Aubospere, M. do 1', VII. xlvii. 65. 
 Auchter'arder church case, the, VI. 
 xxxvii. 74. 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 17 
 
 Auckland, lord, president of board of 
 trade, 1830, IV. xxiii. 6 note be- 
 comes first lord of the admiralty, V. 
 xxxi. 129 and again, 1835, VI. xxxv. 
 44 and note appointed governor- 
 general of India, and his character, 
 xl. 16 policy of, toward Dost Ma- 
 hommed, 42 interference of, at 
 Herat, 50 treaty for restoration of 
 Shah Soojah, 54 forces, &c. for the 
 expedition into Affghanistan, 56, 57 
 meeting, &c. of, with Runjeet Singh at 
 Lahore, 58 created an earl, 75 plans 
 of, for the future in Affghanistan, 78 
 efforts of, to retain Herat in British 
 interest, 84 appointment of General 
 Elphinstone by, 99 efforts of, to re- 
 trieve the Affghanistan disaster, VIII. 
 xlviii. 47 recall of, VI. xl. 136 
 succeeded by Lord Ellenborough, 
 VIII. xlviii. 66 his visit to Runjeet 
 Singh, xlix. 53 first lord of admiralty, 
 1846, VII. xliii. 4 and note. 
 
 Auctions, proposed reduction of duties 
 on, IV. xxiii. 29 note. 
 
 Audry de Puyraveau, M., III. xvii. 67 
 note, 74 note meeting of liberals in 
 house of, 74 counsels of, ib. views of, 
 79 signs dethronement of the king, 
 87 objects of the party of, 102 
 heads the committee of the secret 
 societies, V. xxx. 41 demanded as 
 counsel by the prisoners for treason, 
 xxxiii. 19 letter by, on their trial, 
 23 first chairman of the Assembly, 
 VIII. 1. 65. 
 
 Auersperg, count, during insurrection of 
 Vienna, VIII. liv. 55, 57, 58 opera- 
 tions there, 59 joined by Jellachich, 
 61. 
 
 Auerswald, M. d', moves demand for 
 constitution in Diet of Eastern Prussia, 
 V. xxvii. 62 minister of interior in 
 Prussia, VIII. liii. 24 ministry of, 
 51 its fall, 52 attack on, 54. 
 
 Auerswald, major, murder of, VIII. liii. 
 66. 
 
 Augusta, surrender of, to the Neapoli- 
 tans, VIII. lii. 109. 
 
 Auldborough, York and Suffolk, dis- 
 franchised, IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Aulich, general, at Tapio-Biscke, VIII. 
 lv. 25 at Isaszeg, 27 forces passage 
 of the Danube, 44 -wounded, 47 
 execution of, 85. 
 
 Aumale, the duke d', the Bourbon estates 
 bequeathed to, IV. xxiv. 58 triumphal 
 entiy of, into Paris, VII. xliv. 66 
 in Algeria, xlv. 22 capture of Abd-el- 
 Kadr's harem by, 30, 31 appointed 
 governor of Algeria, 44 surrender of 
 Abd-el-Kadr to, 45 proposed mar- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 riage of Queen of Spain to, xlvi. 38 
 proclamation of, on leaving the army, 
 1848, VIII. 1. 41. 
 
 Aumont, the duke d', made member of 
 Chamber of Peers, I. iii. 20. 
 
 Austen, admiral, operations under, in 
 Burmah, VIII. xlix. 114. 
 
 Austen, Miss, the novels of, I. v. 76. 
 
 Austerlitz, bridge of, storming of, by 
 the troops, V. xxix. 71 pillar of, at 
 Paris, III. xviii. 82. 
 
 Australia, effects of the revolution of 
 1830 on, I. i. 9 effects of the gold 
 discoveries in, 30, 40 rapid progress 
 of, 39 effects of the gold discoveries on 
 emigration, 66 rate of exports per 
 head to, II. vii. 6 note, x. 75 note, VI. 
 xxxix. 9 recent progress of Great 
 Britain in, II. viii. 1 effects of the 
 discovery of the gold - fields on the 
 price of gold, x. 9 present population, 
 revenue, and exports, IV. xxi. 29 
 Mr Hume on, xxiii. 75 influence of 
 the reform bill on, 121 exports to, 
 ib. note emigration to, 122 state of, 
 since the reform bill, 148 Irish emi- 
 grants to, 1841-1855, VII. xliii. 46 
 note effects of the monetary crisis in 
 England on, 141 effects of the in- 
 creased supply of gold from, 146 ef- 
 fects of transportation S3'stem on, VIII. 
 Ivi. 37 loyalty in, under the new co- 
 lonial system, 45 the gold discoveries 
 in, 72. 
 
 Austregal court, establishment of the, in 
 Germany, its powers, &c, V. xxvii. 
 23. 
 
 Austria, effects of the alliance of France 
 and England on, I. i. 8 violence of 
 the Revolution of 1848 in, 19 sup- 
 pression of it, 21 standing army of, 
 23 position of the forces of, in 
 Prance, iii. 29 exorbitant demands 
 of, from France, 47 contribution from 
 France to, 48 note a party to the 
 Conventionof the 20th November 1815, 
 49 a party to the Holy Alliance, 51 
 representatives of, at Aix-la-Cha- 
 pelle, vi. 61 coercion of Naples by, 
 II. vii. 102 acquisition of, from 
 Poland in 181 5, viii. 5 population per 
 square mile in, 17 note representa- 
 tives of, at the Congress of Troppau, 
 70 march of the troops of, against 
 Naples in 1820, 77, 78 loans raised 
 by, 1817-18, x. 18 note number of 
 children receiving education in, 57 
 representatives of, at the Congress of 
 Verona, xii. 1 1 views of, at the con- 
 gress, 13 the empress of, at the con- 
 gress, 14 treaty for the evacuation of 
 Piedmont and Naples by, 15 decla- 
 
 the Paragraph. B
 
 18 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Austria, continued. 
 
 ration of, regarding South American 
 independence, 17 views of, on the 
 Spanish question, 20 withdraws her 
 ambassador from Spain, 27 acquisi- 
 tions of, from Turkey, III. xiii. 35 
 support of, necessary to the Russian 
 conquest of Turkey, 57 efforts of, to 
 avert a rupture between Russia and 
 Turkey in 1821, xiv. 52 efforts of, to 
 bring about accommodation between 
 Russia and Turkey, xv. 136 repay- 
 ment of loans by, xix. 11 reciprocity 
 treaty with, 29 note recognition of 
 Louis Philippe by, IV. xxiv. 49 
 want of representative institutions, 
 and state of political feeling in, 81 
 repression of the excitement in Italy 
 in 1830 by, 87 jealousy toward 
 France excited in, xxv. 1 a party to 
 convention for separation of Belgium 
 and Holland, 20, 22 policy of, in 
 Italy, 1830, 25 intervention of, in 
 Italy, 1830, 27 suppresses the insur- 
 rection in Bologna, &c, 28 defensive 
 measures of, 1830, 30 share of , in the 
 partition of Poland, xxvi. 5, 6 con- 
 ference between, and Prussia and 
 Russia regarding Poland, 27 secret 
 views of, 28 treatment of Dwernicki 
 and his companions by, 69 retreat of 
 the Polish troops into, 92 pi^esidency 
 of the confederacy assigned to, V. 
 xxvii. 4 votes given to her in the 
 Diet, ib. note population, military 
 contingent, &c, 5 and note education 
 in, 9 statistics of it in relation to 
 crime, 10 emperor of, letter to the 
 Diet from, 1819, 21 resolutions 
 proposed by, against liberalism, 21 
 circular from, on the repressive mea- 
 sures in Germany, 31 and on the 
 Neapolitan revolution, 32 increasing 
 influence of, in the Diet, 33 with- 
 holds all approach to constitutional 
 government, 35 resolution regarding 
 Holstein moved by, 36 military pre- 
 parations of, on the French Revolution 
 of 1830, 45 effect of the Belgian and 
 Polish revolutions in, 46 repressive 
 measures against the press by, 48 
 occupation of Frankfort by troops of, 
 51 martial law proclaimed by, in that 
 city, 53 the emperor of, at Congress 
 of Miinchengratz,52 death of the Em- 
 peror Francis, and unchanged policy 
 of, 55 law regarding state criminals, 
 56 extension of the railway mania to, 
 ib. extension of railways in, 1841, 67 
 effect of the refusal of the promised 
 constitution in, 81 influence of her 
 preponderance in the Diet, 84 sup- 
 
 The La 
 
 ported by the Catholic states, 85 her 
 jealousy of Russia, 87 attitude of, to- 
 ward France, 1832, xxix. 22, 25 in- 
 tervention in Romagna, 1831, 26 and 
 again in 1832, 27, 29 supports Prus- 
 sia on the Antwerp question, 86 but 
 compelled to remain quiet, 95 mea- 
 sures of, against the Polish refugees in 
 Switzerland, xxx. 24 a party to the 
 Congress of Muntz-Graetz, 25, 26 sta- 
 tistics of army of, 26 note reasons of, 
 against disarming, 1834, 33 com- 
 mercial treaty with England, xxxii. 
 43 views of, regarding Russia and 
 Turkey, 1839, 55 a party to treaty 
 for settlement of the East, 57 mili- 
 tary preparations to enforce it, 58 
 forces prepared by, for enforcing 
 the treaty, 61 naval force for opera- 
 tions in Syria, 62 a party to the 
 treaty of March 1841, regarding the 
 Dardanelles, 76 a party to the occu- 
 pation of Cracow, xxxiii. 61 recep- 
 tion of the Duke of Orleans in, 63 
 measures of, against the refugees in 
 Switzerland, 68 demands the expul- 
 sion of Louis Napoleon from Switzer- 
 land, VI. xxxiv. 20 amnesty pro- 
 claimed in Italy by, &c, 21 sides 
 with England on the Eastern ques- 
 tion, 90 proportion of army to popu- 
 lation in, xxxix. 26 position of, to- 
 ward England, 1841, VII. xli. 15 
 proportion of children at school in, 81 
 note proposed share of, in partition 
 of Turkey, 120 class from which the 
 army is drawn in, xliii. 25 details of 
 army of, 28 note effects of the mo- 
 netary crisis in England on, 141 
 negotiations with, regarding the slave 
 trade, xliv. 49 policy of, in her Po- 
 lish provinces, xlvi. 15 et scq. con- 
 duct of, during the insurrection in 
 Gallicia, 22 retreat of her troops 
 from Cracow, 23 recaptures it, 24 
 annexation of Cracow, 25 her con- 
 duct in the insurrection, 27 formal 
 cession of Cracow to, 52 views and 
 policy of, 1847, in the Papal States, 
 73, 76 charge brought by Palmerston 
 against, in regard to Italy, 88 policy 
 of, toward Switzerland, 90 supports 
 the Swiss conservatives, 97, 99 a 
 party to the proposed league against 
 England, 106 entry of troops of, 
 into Modena, VIII. lii. 2 forces of, in 
 Italy at outbreak of revolution, 4 
 feeling in Lombardy on her rule, 8 
 the Pope declares war against, 24 the 
 war with Sardinia, 25 et seq. difficul- 
 ties of Radetsky from distracted state 
 of, 62 renewal of the war with Sar- 
 
 rge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 19 
 
 dinia, 84 forces for it, 86 armistice 
 concluded, 98 intervention of, at Leg- 
 horn, 104 occupation of Bologna, 
 105 peace concluded with Sardinia, 
 1 20 had previously agreed to the se- 
 paration of Lombardy, 121 different 
 races in, liii. 3 population of empire 
 by race, ib. note statistics of Ger- 
 man, 5 note commerce of, 1831- 
 45, ib. note peculiar military sys- 
 tem of, 8 composition of her army, 
 ib. note views of, at the general Diet, 
 33 increasing jealousy at the cen- 
 tral government, 69 breach between 
 them, 72 views of, on the German 
 constitution, 76 withholds her con- 
 currence from the Prussian constitu- 
 tion, 85 measures of, against Prussia, 
 90 dissension between them regard- 
 ing Hesse - Cassel, 91 treaty with 
 Russia, 92 the Olmutz Convention, 
 93 accedes to settlement of Schleswig 
 question, 97 liberal excitement in 
 Vienna, liv. 1 et seq. tumults in the 
 capital, 3 et seq. resignation of Met- 
 ternich, 5, 6 progress of revolution, 
 7 commencement of troubles in Bo- 
 hemia and Hungary, 8 et seq. sup- 
 pression of the revolt in the former, 
 12 et seq commencement of the re- 
 volt in Hungary, 1 5 constitution for 
 the latter, 16 general constitution 
 for the empire, 17 animosity of races 
 in, 18 hostility of Hungarians to 
 Austrians, 19 conciliatory measures 
 of government, 20 fidelity of the 
 Croats, 21 increased disturbances 
 in Vienna, 22 flight of the emperor 
 from Vienna, ib. 23 fresh revolu- 
 tionary movements in Vienna, 24 
 proclamation from Innspruck, 25 
 fidelity of the army, 26 rupture be- 
 tween Magyars and Croats, 27 meet- 
 ing of the Hungarian deputies, and 
 their proceedings, 28, 29 meeting of 
 Constituent Assembly, 30 return of 
 the emperor to Vienna, 31 differ- 
 ences with the Hungarian govern- 
 ment, 32 parties in Hungary, 34 et 
 seq. preparations for war, 43 plans 
 of, 44 appointment of Lamberg in 
 Hungary, &c, 47 Hungary declared 
 in a state of siege, 50 the insurrec- 
 tion in Vienna, 51 et seq. murder of 
 Latour, 55 conduct of the Consti- 
 tuent Assembly, 57 retirement of 
 the emperor to Olmutz, 58 march of 
 Jellachich on Vienna, 60 et seq. cap- 
 ture of the city, 65 et seq. exe- 
 cution of Blum, &c, 74 Schwartzen- 
 berg ministry, 75 resignation of the 
 emperor, and accession of Francis 
 
 Joseph, 76 proclamation by the new 
 emperor, lv. 1 new constitution, 2 
 its reception, 3 the Hungarian war, 
 4 et seq. execution of Bathiany, 12 
 Welden appointed to command against 
 the Hungarians, 31 Hungarians de- 
 clare their independence, 36 despe- 
 rate condition, and resolves to seek 
 the aid of Russia, 38, 39 continued 
 disasters, 40 capitulation of Georgey, 
 and close of the war, 80 et seq. exe- 
 cution of the leaders, 85 jealousy be- 
 tween, and Russia after the war, 86 
 demands of, for expulsion of Hungarian 
 refugees from Turkey, lvi. 56 the re- 
 presentative of, absent from Welling- 
 ton's funeral, 77 - final results of 
 the French Revolution to, lvii. 54. 
 
 Austria proper, education and crime in, 
 xxvii. 11 note. 
 
 Austrians, their mode of fighting the 
 Turks, III. xiii. 52. 
 
 Austrian empire, representative institu- 
 tions inapplicable to the, I. i. 63. 
 
 Austrian Poland, statistics of, IV. xxvi. 
 23. See Gallicia. 
 
 Aiitichamp, count, force under, for in- 
 vasion of Spain, II. xii. 70. 
 
 Autobiographers, German, v. xxviii. 54, 
 55. 
 
 Autos-da-fe, abolition of, in Spain, II. 
 vii. 34. 
 
 Auxerre, insurrection at, 1834, V. xxx. 
 47 reform banquet at, VII. xliv. 32 
 resistance to the new valuation in, 
 61. 
 
 Ava, advance of the British toward, VI. 
 xxxix. 70. 
 
 Avaray, the duke d', made member of 
 Chamber of Peers, I. iii. 20. 
 
 Ave Maria, the Countess Hahn-Hahn's, 
 
 V. xxviii. 58. 
 
 Avellino, revolutionary movement at, 
 II. vii. 106. 
 
 Aventura, crew of the, liberated at Al- 
 giers, III. xvii. 47. 
 
 Aversa, capitulation of, to the Austrians, 
 II. viii. 79. 
 
 Avezzana, revolt of, at Genoa, VIII. 
 Iii. 101 breaks the armistice, 103 
 letter from, to Lord Hardwicke, ib. note 
 heads the insurgents at Rome, 110. 
 
 Avignon, murder of Marshal Brune at, 
 I. iii. 33 railway from Marseilles to, 
 
 VI. xxxiv. 8. 
 
 Avray, the duke d', resignation of, IV. 
 
 xxiv. 44. 
 Axel and Walburg, Oehlenschlager's, V. 
 
 xxviii. 25. 
 Aya, defeat of the Turks at, III. xiv. 126. 
 Ayans, institution of, in Turkey, III. 
 
 xiii. 29. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 20 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Aylesbury, election of 1830 for, IV. 
 
 xxii. 57. 
 Aylmer, lord, recalled from Canada, VI. 
 
 xxxvi. 27. 
 Aymar, general, during the revolt at 
 
 "Lyons, 1834, V. xxx. 46. 
 Ayr, reform riots at, 1831, IV. xxiii. 67 
 
 intended rising in, 1848, VII. xliii. 129. 
 Aytoun, W. E., the poems of, I. v. 85. 
 
 Azarba, general, capitulation of,, at Ge- 
 noa, VIII. lii. 101. 
 
 Azeglio, marquis d', influence of the 
 works of, VII. xlvi. 63. 
 
 Azof, regiment of, destroyed before 
 Varna, III. xv. 59. 
 
 AzofF, the, atNavarino, III. xiv. 160, 161. 
 
 Azrow, capture of, by the French, VII. 
 xlv. 44. 
 
 15 
 
 Babaud-Laribiere, M., VIII. lvii. 4. 
 
 Babylone, barracks of, captured by the 
 insurgents, III. xvii. 82. 
 
 Bach, M., minister of justice, VIII. liv. 
 33, 75 measures of, during insurrec- 
 tion of Vienna, 55. 
 
 Bachelors, the, in the Hetairia, III., 
 xiv. 5. 
 
 Bacheluz, general, a leader of the con- 
 spiracy in the army, II. ix. 81. 
 
 Back settlements, extension of the Ame- 
 rican banks in the, and enmity of the 
 democrats at this, VI. xxxvii. 16. 
 
 Backhouse, captain, VIII. xlviii. 105 
 the artillery under, at Jugdulluck, 
 88. 
 
 Backwoodsmen, the American, VI. 
 xxxvii. 11. 
 
 Baden, contributions from France to, I. 
 hi. 48 note the princess of, married 
 to the Emperor Alexander, II. viii. 98 
 representative institutions in, IV. 
 xxiv. 81 revolutionary excitement, 
 &c. in, 1831, xxv. 32 votes of, in 
 the Germanic Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note 
 population and military contingent, 5 
 note establishment qf representative 
 assembly in, 17- suppression of 
 newspapers in, 49 army of, xxx. 2(3 
 note statistics of, VIII. liii. 5 note 
 a member of the Zollvcrcin, 13 con- 
 cessions of government of, 184S, 21 
 revolt under Struve in, 67 accepts 
 the Germanic constitution of 1848, 
 77 renewed insurrection in, 82 its 
 suppression, 83. 
 
 Bagdad, population of, III. xiii. 32 note 
 cholera in, xiv. 81 establishment 
 of academy at, V. xxxii. 53. 
 
 Bager, general, defence of Arad by, 
 VIII. lv. 9. 
 
 Ba<*ot, Sir C, governor-general of India, 
 VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Bahama, free negro labour in, V. xxxi. 
 96. 
 
 Baibout, submission of, to the Russians, 
 III. xv. 104 evacuated by them, 10G 
 
 77ic 
 
 occupied by the Turks, 108 their 
 defeat at, 109. 
 
 Baillie, Joanna, the poems and dramas 
 of, I. v. 26. 
 
 Baillot, M., III. xvii. 67 note. 
 
 Bailly, the marquis de, III. xvi. 14. 
 
 Bajazeth, overrun by the Russians, III. 
 xv. 82 defeat of the Turks at, 103. 
 
 Baka, capture of, by the Russians, III. 
 xiii. 70. 
 
 Bakers, reforms regarding, in Turkey, 
 V. xxxii. 53. 
 
 Balaguer, retreat of the royalists from, 
 II. xi. 76. 
 
 Bala-Hissar, entry of Shah Soojah into 
 the, VI. xl. 74 importance of posses- 
 sion of, by the British, 100 its neglect 
 by them, 101 its strengthening urged 
 by the engineers, ib. note proposed 
 removal of the troops into the, 115 
 evacuation of, by the British, 122 
 the neglect to occupy, 141. 
 
 Bakklava, parallel between Sieroczyu 
 and, IV. xxvi. 54. 
 
 Balanzat, brigadier, made minister-at- 
 war, II. xi. 52. 
 
 Balbek, position of Ibrahim Pacha at, 
 V. xxxii. 73. 
 
 Balbi, his estimate of the population of 
 China, VIII. xlviii. 3. 
 
 Balbo, comte di, influence of the works 
 of, VII. xlvi. 63. 
 
 Bale, the railway to, VII. xliv. 42 
 growth of radicalism in, xlvi. 91 
 decision of, on the Sunderbund, 95 
 neuter in the contest between the 
 Radicals and Sunderbund, 102. 
 
 Balkan, defensive line of the, III. xiii. 
 55 difficulties presented by it, ib. 
 the country between it and Constan- 
 tinople, 56 defences of the. 58 de- 
 scription of the passes of the. xv. 129 
 preparations of Diebilch for passing 
 it, 130. 
 
 Balkh, route to India by, VI. xl. 19. 
 
 Ballarat, the gold-fields of, VIII. lvi. 72. 
 
 Ballarat, M., attack on, at Brest, II. ix. 90. 
 
 Large Roman numerals refer to the Vol une,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 21 
 
 Ballasteros, general, measures recom- 
 mended in 1820 by, II. vii. 70 during 
 the attack of the Guard on Madrid, 
 xi. 66 forces under, in 1823, xii. 71 
 capitulation of, to the French, 79 
 junction of, with Riego, 86. 
 
 Ballingarry, rising of Smith O'Brien at, 
 VII. xliii. 139. 
 
 Ballini, general, heads the insurgents at 
 Bologna, VIII. lii. 105. 
 
 Ballot, the, petition in favour of, IV. 
 xxiii. 31 would only increase corrup- 
 tion, 155 one of the objects of the 
 Radicals, V. xxxi. 1 one of the points 
 of the charter, VI. xxxvii. 63 estab- 
 lished in France by constitution of 
 1848, VIII. li. 17. 
 
 Ballybay, great popish meeting at, IV. 
 xxi. 116. 
 
 Baltic, the Russian navy in the, II. viii. 
 46 the storm of Nov. 1824 in the, 
 92 the Russian navy in the, 1836, 
 VI. xxxvi. 51. 
 
 Baltic states, statistics of exports to the, 
 III. xix. 33. 
 
 Baltic trade, British and foreign shipping 
 employed in the, III. xix. 31. 
 
 Baltimore, the crash of 1837 in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 28. 
 
 Bamberg, democratic excitement in, 
 1831, IV. xxv. 32. 
 
 Bamford, trial and sentence of, for sedi- 
 tion, II. x. 29 on military training 
 among the Radicals, 35 note. 
 
 Bamian Pass, the, VI. xl. 19, 20 occu- 
 pation of, by the British, 83 checks 
 of the British in, 87, 88 defeat of 
 Dost Mahommed at, 89 the British 
 captives sent to, VIII. xlviii. 101. 
 
 Bancroft on the English language, I. 
 iv. 3. 
 
 Bandon, insurrectionary gathering at, 
 1822, II. x. 119. 
 
 Bangalore, road from Madras to, VIII. 
 xlix. 113 note. 
 
 Banishment, expedience of punishing 
 political offences with, I. iii. 140. 
 
 Bank acts for Scotland and Ireland, the, 
 1845, VII. xli. 115. 
 
 Bank cash payment bill, debate on the, 
 1821, II. x. 100. 
 
 Bank charter, bill for renewal of the, V. 
 xxxi. 64 arguments against it, 65 
 and for it, 66 reflections on this de- 
 bate, 67 renewal act, effect of, in 
 stimulating industry, 112. 
 
 Bank charter act, 1844_, VII. xli. 107 et 
 seq. arguments for it, 108 et seq. 
 and against, 112 reflections on it, 
 116 et seq. its influence on the rail- 
 way and other speculations, xlii. 1 
 operation of it in the crisis of 1847, 
 
 xliii. 74 defence of it in 1847 by Sir 
 R. Peel, 81 suspension of it, 102 re- 
 flections on this, 103 great and imme- 
 diate effect of it, 104 Queen's speech 
 on its suspension, 105 Sir R. Peel's 
 
 statement on it, 106 et seq answer 
 
 of Lord George Bentinck, &c., 109 
 report of the parliamentary commit- 
 tees on it, 112 reflections on the 
 debate on it, 113 objects of Sir R. 
 Peel in it, 151 effects which have 
 followed it, 152 how it inflamed 
 speculation, 153. 
 
 Bank restriction act, debates on the, 
 1819, I. iv. 57 the committee on it, 
 ib. its alleged influence on the na- 
 tional distress, 1830, IV. xxii. 22 
 Graham on its effects, 28 Mr Baring, 
 &c. on its effects, 32 note fall of 
 prices caused by it, and influence of 
 this in compelling repeal of taxes, 40. 
 
 Bank of Belgium, cash payments sus- 
 pended by, 1848, VIII. liii. 18. 
 
 Bank of England, discussion in parlia- 
 ment in 1816 regarding the resump- 
 tion of cash payments by, I. ii. 45 et 
 seq. its prosperity, 1818, iv. 31 
 its increased issues, 32 debates on 
 the resumption of cash payments, 33 
 ct seq. its petition against the re- 
 sumption of cash payments, 61-^-its 
 circulation, 1814 to 1817, 68 metallic 
 drain on it, 1817-18, II. x. 18 effects 
 of the act for the resumption of cash 
 payments on its issues, 22 its issues, 
 1818-22, 22 note its discounts, 
 1808-22, ib. its circulation, 1817- 
 20, 138 and 1824, III. xix. 6 
 purchase of the military and naval 
 pensions by it, 1 2 its circulation, &c, 
 1824-5, 65 drain of specie from it, 
 caused by the South American specu- 
 lations in 1825, 68 drain of specie 
 from it, 79 and note pressure on 
 it, 80 measures of government, 81 
 increased issues, 1825, xxi. 5 bullion 
 in, 1823-4, 14 pressure on it, 1825, 
 ib. suppression of the small notes, 
 16 circulation of notes, 1818-32, 
 as compared with exports, &c, 19 note 
 act authorising establishing country 
 branches, 23 additional issues and 
 loans, 56 reduction in its notes, xxii. 
 22 run on it, 1832, xxiii. 109 
 effect of the bank charter act regard- 
 ing its notes, V. xxxi. 112 circulation 
 of, 1832-6, ib. note restriction of its 
 issues, VI. xxxv. 2, 5 evils of its paper 
 being convertible, 5 aid given by it 
 to United States Bank, 1838, xxxvii. 
 31 effects of distress of 1839 on its 
 circulation, &c, 40 averages of, 1838- 
 
 tuc Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 2-2 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Bank of England, continued. 
 
 40 ib. note circulation of notes, 
 1838 - 40, #>. 1837 - 41, 41 note- 
 contraction of them, 1840, 41 drain 
 of gold, &c. from it, 1842, &c, 
 VII. xli. 17 fall in its circulation, 
 ib. bullion and circulation of, 1840-5, 
 76 and note Peel's proposed changes 
 in it, 109 bullion in, issues, rates of 
 discount, &c, 1844, xlii. 1 and note 
 drain of gold, &c, from, 1845-7, xliii. 
 71 and note- proceedings of, during 
 the crisis of 1847, 73 increased dis- 
 counts, 83 raising of discount and 
 other proceedings, Aug. 1847, 100 
 its perilous state, 101 suspension of 
 the charter act, 102 its rates of in- 
 terest, Oct. 1847 to Nov. 1848, 104 
 note preparations against the Chai-- 
 tists at, 132 drain of gold from, 
 1856, 146 variations in gold held by 
 it since act of 1844, 153. 
 
 Bank of France, discounts, &c, of the, 
 1831, IV. xxv. 38 rise in value of 
 shares of, 1836, V. xxxiii. 46 and 
 1837 to 1841, VI. xxxiv. 10 note- 
 measures of, on the crisis of 1846, VII. 
 xlvii. 6 enlarged issues of notes 
 authorised, 8 circulation, specie, &c, 
 1846-7, ib. note state of, 1848, VIII. 
 1. 23 cash payments suspended, 24 
 efforts, &c, of, 1848, 26. 
 
 Bank of Ireland, act of 1845 regarding 
 the, VII. xli. 115. 
 
 Banks, failure of, in Russia, II. viii. 91 
 country, failures of, 1825, III. xix. 80 
 their stability, 82 state of the, 
 opening of 1826, IV. xxi. 1 pressure 
 on the, 1825, and its causes, 14 the 
 Scottish, their circulation, and stabi- 
 lity during 1825, 24 defence of them 
 by Sir Walter Scott, 25 run on the, 
 urged by O'Counell in 1830, xxii. 59 
 of issue, regulations of the new bank 
 charter act regarding, V. xxxi. 64 
 public companies for, in France, VI. 
 xxxiv. 7 note restriction of paper 
 issues of the, "xxxv. 2, 5 private, cir- 
 culation of, 1834-6, 13 note joint- 
 stock, mania for, 1835-6, 14 number 
 of, in the United States, 1814, xxxvii. 
 5 failures of, 1811 to 1820, ib. gene- 
 ral prudence of, in the United States, 
 7 statistics of them, ib. and note 
 jealousy of the, in the United States 
 on the part of the democratic party, 
 13 measures of General Jackson 
 against them, 14 causes of complaint 
 against them, 15 enmity to their ex- 
 tension in the back settlements, 16 
 commencement of the crusade, 17 
 crash among the, 20 New York peti- 
 
 tion in favour of, 21 increased mad- 
 ness of the, in the West, 23 their 
 operations, 24 treasury order regard- 
 ing cash payments, 25 general crash 
 among them, 1837, 28 increased 
 measures against them, 29 their in- 
 fluence, 30 note general suspension 
 of them, 31 effect in Canada of Jack- 
 son's crusade against them, 79 the 
 joint-stock, of Great Britain, circula- 
 tion of, 1836, 40 statistics of, in 
 India, xxxix. 31 note the American, 
 effects of their distress in Great Britain, 
 
 VII. xli. 25 private, the act of 1844 
 as regards, 110 absence of run on, in 
 the crisis of 1847, xliii. 74 failures of, 
 1847, 101 suspension of cash pay- 
 ments by the, in France, VIII. 1. 26. 
 
 Bank notes, sudden contraction of, and 
 its effects, I. ii. 11 committee on pro- 
 venting forgery of, iv. 47 circula- 
 tion of, in England, 1816-19, II. x. 19 
 note circulation of, 1818 to 1822, 22 
 note circulation of, 1817 to 1820, 138 
 circulation of, in England, as com- 
 pared with price of wheat, 1820-24, 
 III. xix. 6 note and of wheat and 
 cotton, 1815-25, ib. note circulation 
 of, in England, 1824-5, 65 alleged 
 over-issues of, 1825, IV. xxi. 5 pre- 
 ference of, to coin, 10 circulation of, 
 compared with price of wheat, 1818- 
 26, 80 note diminished circulation 
 of, xxii. 27 circulation of, 1830 to 
 1833, V. xxxi. 55 note proposed 
 declaration of them a legal tender, 64 
 circulation of, 1832-6, 112 note 
 contraction of, 1840, VI. xxxvii. 41 
 1837-41, ib. note small circulation 
 of, in India, xxxix. 31 circulation 
 of, 1839, &c, VII. xli. 17 increased 
 circulation of, 1840-4, 76 circula- 
 tion of, as regulated by act of 1844, 
 109, 110 total circulation of, under 
 Peel's acts, 115 note circulation of, 
 1844, xlii. 11844 to 1846, ib. note- 
 contraction of, by bank charter act, 
 xliii. 103 table of circulation of, 
 1844-51, ib. note enlarged issue of, 
 in France, 1847, xlvii. 8 1846-7, ib. 
 note circulation of, in France, 1848, 
 
 VIII. 1. 27 made inconvertible in 
 Belgium, 1848, liii. 18. 
 
 Bank stocks, high prices of,lS24, III. xix. 
 61. 
 
 Bankers, over-issues of the, alleged as the 
 cause of the crisis of 1825, IV. xxi. 5 
 private, now act regarding number 
 of partners, 23 prosperity of the, in 
 France, xxiv. 3 -the country, alarm of, 
 on the bank act, VII. xli. 107. 
 
 Banking, Adam Smith on, II. x. 10 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 23 
 
 mania for, in the western United 
 States, 1837, VI. xxxvii. 23, 24. 
 
 Banking companies, new, 1825, III. xix. 
 66 note. 
 
 Banking department of the Bank, the, 
 as arranged by act of 1844, VII. xli. 
 109. 
 
 Banking system, the, in Scotland and 
 Ireland, IV. xxi. 24. 
 
 Bankes, Mr, opposes the grant to Can- 
 ning's family, IV. xxi. 99 arguments 
 of, against Catholic emancipation, 140 
 vote of, on the address, 1830, xxii. 
 25 vote of, on the civil list, 1830, 
 79 thrown out for Dorsetshire, xxiii. 
 68. 
 
 Bankhead, Dr, physician to Lord Castle- 
 reagh, II. x. 154. 
 
 Bankruptcies, reduced number of, in 
 1818, I. iv. 31 increase of, 1819, II. 
 x. 23 number of, in Great Britain, 
 1834 to 1841, VI. xxxvii. 43 and note- 
 number of, in France, 1838, &c, 44 
 commercial, 1847, VII. xliii. 101 
 increase of, during 1847, and subse- 
 quent years,114 number of, in Berlin, 
 1848, VIII. liii. 63. 
 
 Bankruptcy cases, increase of, in Chan- 
 cery, IV. xx. 32 note. 
 
 Banos, Lopez, appointed captain-genei-al 
 of Navarre, II. vii. 92. 
 
 Banquet, the French liberals resolve on 
 a, VII. xlvii. 41 preparations for it, 
 44 compromise agreed to, ib. 
 
 Banquet agitation, commencement of 
 the, in France, VII. xlvii. 19 its de- 
 cline at the end of the year, 24 re- 
 newal of, in France, VIII. li. 20. 
 
 Baptist missionaries, the, connection of, 
 with the slave insurrection of 1831, V. 
 xxxi. 88 in the West Indies, VI. 
 xxxvii. 123. 
 
 Baqurut Rao, appointed Maharajah of 
 Gwalior, VIII. xlix v 35. 
 
 Baraguay d'Hilliers, general, operations 
 of, in Algeria, VII. xlv. 28 a candi- 
 date for the vice-presidentship, VIII. 
 Ivii. 4 appointed to command in 
 Paris, 34. 
 
 Barante, M., appointed to the ministry 
 of the interior, I. iii. 16 made a 
 councillor of state, vi. 82 supported 
 by the Doctrinaires, II. ix. 24 course 
 followed by, after the fall of Decazes, 
 50 dismissed from the Council of 
 State, 87 one of the Doctrinaires, III. 
 xvii. 9 a writer for the daily press, 
 xviii. 74 the works of, 33. 
 
 Barbadoes, great hurricane in, 1831, V. 
 xxxi. 87. 
 
 Barbara, captain, and Murat, I. iii. 100 
 betrays him, 102. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Barbarians, the conquests of the, III. 
 xiii. 4 their settlements in Eastern 
 Europe, 5 successive inroads of, into 
 Austria,VIII. liii. 3. 
 
 Barbarous tribes, tendency to migration 
 among, I. i. 69. 
 
 Barbe Marbois, M., a member of the Ri- 
 chelieu ministry, I. iii. 42 law against 
 seditious cries introduced by, 64. 
 
 Barbes, Armand, a leader of the Societe" 
 des Saisons, VI. xxxiv. 36 heads the 
 insurrection of 12th May, 37 taken 
 prisoner, ib. trial of, 41 his convic- 
 tion and sentence, 42 views of, in the 
 conspiracy, 43 liberation of, VlII. 1. 
 11 duriug the revolt of May 15, 72 
 appointed by mob to provisional 
 government, 73 taken prisoner, ib. 
 implicated in the revolt of June, li. 2. 
 
 Barcelona, conspiracy in, 1817, II. vii. 
 46 execution of political prisoners at, 
 1819, 54 proclamation of the Consti- 
 tution at, 73 violence of the people 
 against the priests in, 89 arrests of 
 royalists at, xi. 31 the Communeros 
 in, 40 ravages of yellow fever in, 43 
 contests between the royalists and 
 republicans in, 54 holds out for the 
 revolutionists, xii. 79. 
 
 Bardaxi, Don Eusebio, becomes minister 
 of foreign affairs, II. xi. 29. 
 
 Baring, Mr Alex., on the commercial 
 crisis of 1825, VII. xliii. 113 and note. 
 
 Baring, Sir F., chairman of the commit- 
 tee on the bank charter act, VII. xliii. 
 112. 
 
 Baring^H., a lord of the treasury, 1841, 
 VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Baring, Mr T., arguments of, against 
 bank charter act, 1847, VII. xliii. 109 
 a member of the committee on it, 
 112. 
 
 Baring, Hon. W., secretary of board of 
 control, 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Baring, Mr, arguments of, against the 
 continuance of the income tax, I. ii. 
 13 at Aix-la-Chapelle, vi. 61 peti- 
 tion on free trade presented by, II. x. 
 64 speech of, on the resumption of 
 cash payments, 101 arguments of, 
 against the suppression of small notes, 
 IV. xxi. 12 motion by, on the cur- 
 rency, 1830, xxii. 32 and note speech 
 of, on the abandonment of the sinking 
 fund, 36 et seq. attack on his house 
 by the reform rioters, xxiii. 67 
 proposed as chancellor of the ex- 
 chequer, 108 arguments of, in favour 
 of the bank charter act, V. xxxi. 66 
 president of board of trade, 1835, VI. 
 xxxv. 16 note arguments of, against 
 retention of income tax, VII. xlii. 16 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 24 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Baring, Mr, continued. 
 
 illustration of the crisis of 1847 by, 
 xliii. 73 speech of, on the commercial 
 crisis of 1847, 75. 
 
 Baring and Hope, Messrs, loans contract- 
 ed for by, 1817, &c, II. x. 18. 
 
 Barley, produce of, in France, III. xvii. 
 128 note prices of, in England, 1822- 
 5, xix. 7 note prices of, 1824-5, 
 64 note proposed new duties on, 
 1827, IV. xxi. 78 average price of, 
 for forty-four years, 1827, 80 fall of 
 prices of, 1782-1837, VI. xxxvii. 46 
 note proposed sliding scale of duties 
 on, VII. xli. 34. 
 
 Barlow, Sir George, concludes the Mah- 
 ratta peace, VI. xxxix. 36 recalled, 
 37. 
 
 Barnsley, riots at, 1829, IV. xxii. 17. 
 
 Barr, lieut., during the Afghanistan ex- 
 pedition, VI. xl. 65. 
 
 Barrackpore, the mutiny at, VI. xxxix. 
 76 its vigorous suppression, 77 re- 
 flections on it, 78. 
 
 Barrett, major-general, at the storming 
 of the forts of Canton, VIII. xlviii. 32. 
 
 Barricade do St Meri, society called, V. 
 xxx. 42 note. 
 
 Barricades, the first, in Paris, III. xvi. 
 71 how to attack, xvii. 111. 
 
 Barrier fortresses, abandonment of tho 
 treaty regarding the, V. xxix. 97. 
 
 Barrington, Mr, on the state of Ireland, 
 1833, V. xxxi. 36. 
 
 Barrot, Odillon, III. xvii. 62 political 
 banquet under, at Paris, 33 embassy 
 of, to the king, 91, 93 at the Hotel 
 de Ville, IV. xxiv. 23 favours the 
 attempt to revolutionise Spain, 67 
 and the mob, xxv. 5 his dismissal 
 demanded by the Doctrinaires, and 
 resisted by the Republicans, 7 tenders 
 his resignation, but withdraws it, 17 
 is leader of the Opposition in 1831, 57 
 arguments of, for the abolition of 
 the hereditary peerage, 91 opposition 
 of, to the civil list, V. xxix. 21 pre- 
 parations for new insurrection by, 56 
 one of the deputation to the king 
 after the revolt of St Meri, 74 on the 
 law against associations, xxx. 37 at 
 the funeral of Lafayette, 52 majority 
 against, as president, 1834, 58 votes 
 for, as president, 1834, xxxiii. 2 de- 
 claration of, in the Deputies, after the 
 accession of Thiers, 58 demand of 
 Thiers regarding, VI. xxxi v. 33 ma- 
 jority against, as president, 34 attacks 
 of the press on, 1839, 40 views of, on 
 the suffrage, 1839, 63 supports the 
 Thiers ministry, 75 joins the reform 
 party, VII. xliv. 31 arguments of, 
 
 Tfie L 
 
 on reform, 1841, 56 cbaracter of, 99 
 oppdsition of, to the Jesuits, xlvi. , 
 11 heads the coalition against the 
 government, xlvii. 18 speech of, at 
 the Chateau Rouge banquet, 19 on 
 the affair of M. Petit, 27 declaration 
 of, regarding the procession, 46 ap- 
 pointed minister of the interior, 59 
 orders the withdrawal of the troops, 
 61, 62 becomes premier, 64 argu- 
 ments of, against single chamber in 
 Assembly, VIII. li. 9 et seq. presi- 
 dent of council under Louis Napoleon, 
 31 a member of Louis Napoleon's 
 cabinet, lvii. 3 at Bugeaud's funeral, 
 19 a member of the permanent com- 
 mission, 28 formation of a ministry 
 intrusted to, 37 on the revision of 
 the constitution, 38. 
 
 Barry, the new houses of parliament 
 designed by, I. v. 88. 
 
 Barslem, riots at, 1842, VII. xli. 20. 
 
 Barter, prevalence of, in France, 1848, 
 VIII. 1. 12. 
 
 Barth<5, M., III. xvii. 62 becomes minis- 
 ter of public instruction, IV. xxv. 17 
 appointed minister of justice, 47 - 
 arguments of, for the law against asso- 
 ciations, V. xxx. 36 resignation of, 
 40 becomes president of Court of 
 
 Accounts, ib becomes minister of 
 
 justice, xxxiii. 86 announcement of 
 amnesty on the marriage of the Duke 
 of Orleans, &c, 88. 
 
 Barthelemy, M., I. vi. 83 arguments of, 
 for a change in the electoral law, 84, 
 88 et seq. 
 
 Bartholdy's War in the Tyrol, on, V. 
 xxviii. 53. 
 
 Bartley, general, VIII. xlviii. 43. 
 
 Barukzvc clan, the, in Afghanistan, VI. 
 xl. 36. 
 
 Barzykowsky, a member of the National 
 Council of Poland, IV. xxvi. 32. 
 
 Bascher, Charles de, murder of, V.xxix. 49. 
 
 Basque provinces, political feelings pre- 
 valent in the, II. vii. 14. 
 
 Bassano, the duke de, indemnity to, II. 
 ix. 102 note becomes premier, V. 
 xxxiii. 5. overthrown with his minis- 
 try, 6. 
 
 Bassano, garrisoned by Radctsky, VIII. 
 Hi. 60. 
 
 Basscin, storming of, VI II. xlix. 116. 
 
 Bassermann, M., on the state of Berlin, 
 1848, A' I II. liii. 57 note arguments of, 
 against the Frankfort insurgents, 68. 
 
 Bassora, population of, III. xiii. 32 note. 
 
 Bastard children, regulations of new poor- 
 law regarding, V. xxxi. 150 argu- 
 ments against this, 152 amendment 
 carried, ib. 
 
 arr/r Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Bastia, capture of, by the papal troops, 
 V. xxix. 27. 
 
 Bastide, M., violence of, at the Hotel de 
 Ville, IV. xxiv. 22 and the Duke of 
 Orleans, 33- and the Polish banquet, 
 VII. xliv. 52 minister of foreign 
 affairs, 1848, VIII. 1. 69 note urges 
 the appointment of Cavaignac, 85 
 minister of marine under Cavaignac, 
 97 note. 
 
 Bastile, post of the, captured by the in- 
 surgents, V. xxix. 69 barricade of 
 the, carried by the troops, 71 monu- 
 ment de la, grant for, xxx. 1 8 note 
 place of the, inauguration of pillar to 
 Insurrection on, VI. xxxiv. 79. 
 
 Bath, reform riots at, IV. xxiii. 91. 
 
 Baths, joint-stock companies for, 1825, 
 III. xix. 66 note. 
 
 Bathiany, count, heads the Hungarian 
 liberals, VIII. liv. 9 succeeds Kossuth, 
 32 conference with Jellachich, 33 
 heads the aristocratic party, 34 arrest 
 and execution of, lv. 12. 
 
 Bathurst, earl, on the detention of 
 Napoleon at St Helena, I. ii. 59 
 arguments of, for the foreign enlist- 
 ment bill, iv. 96 et seq. resigns on 
 Canning's appointment, IV. xxi. 64 
 becomes president of the council, 
 95. 
 
 Bathurst, Mr, becomes president of the 
 Board of Control, II. x. 90. 
 
 Bathurst, Mr \V. L., struck off as com- 
 missioner of the navy, IV. xxii. 31. 
 
 Bathurst, captain, killed at Navarino, 
 III. xiv. 163. 
 
 Bati, the Tartar invasion of Russia by, 
 II. viii. 38. 
 
 Batta question, the, VI. xl. 5. 
 
 Baude, M., signs the protest against the 
 ordonnances, III. xvii. 63 becomes 
 prefect of police, IV. xxv. 17. 
 
 Baudin, admiral, bombardment of St 
 Juan d'Ulloa by, VI. xxxiv. 27 at 
 Naples, VIII. lii. 20. 
 
 Baudin, M., aids in the escape of Lava- 
 lette, I. iii. 96. 
 
 Baudrand, general, recognition of, in 
 England as ambassador from Louis 
 Philippe, IV. xxiv. 47. 
 
 Bava, general, defeats the Austrians at 
 Goito, VIII. lii. 31,52 movement 
 of, on Governolo, 64 further move- 
 ments of, 6S at Valeggio, 71 re- 
 moved from the command, 85 his 
 intended plans, 88. 
 
 Bavaria, position of the forces of, in 
 France, I. iii. 29 contributions from 
 France to, 48 note the queen of, II. 
 viii. 98 the kiug of, his death, 104 
 the crown-prince of, said to be a mem- 
 
 ber of the Hetairia, III. xiv. 5 demo- 
 cratic excitement in, 1831, IV. xxv. 
 32 votes of, in the Germanic diet, V. 
 xxvii. 4 note population and military 
 contingent, 5 note suppression of 
 newspapers in, 48 army of, xxx. 26 
 note auxiliary force furnished to 
 Greece by, xxxii. 35 expansion of her 
 paper currency by, VII. xliii. Ill king 
 of, proposals of, regarding Greece, xiv. 
 58 statistics of, VIII. liii. 5 note a 
 member of the Zollverein, 13 excite- 
 ment in, on the French Revolution of 
 1848, 21 revolution in, 26 opposi- 
 tion to Prussia in, 27 rejects the 
 Germanic constitution of 1848, 76 
 aids in suppression of revolt in Baden, 
 83 withholds her concurrence from 
 the Prussian constitution, 85 dis- 
 solution of Chamber, 86 a party to 
 treaty with Russia, 92 system of 
 prison labour in, Ivii. 8. 
 
 Bavoux, M., III. xvii. 67 note, 74 note. 
 
 Bayley, Mr Butterworth, VI. xxxix. 86 
 opposes the abolition of half batta, 
 VI. xl. 5. 
 
 Bayley, Mr Justice, trial of Hunt, &c. 
 before, II. x. 29. 
 
 Bayonne, proposed railway from Paris 
 to, VI. xxxiv. 8 resistance to the new 
 valuation in, VII. xliv. 61 proposed 
 railway from Paris to, 79. 
 
 Bazardjik, combat of, III. xv. 44. 
 
 Baze, M., motion by, for censure on the 
 government, VIII. Ivii. 40 arrested, 
 48. 
 
 Beauchamp, Alphonse,Fouche's Memoirs 
 compiled by, III. xviii. 50. 
 
 Beaumont, M. de, heads the violent 
 royalists at Paris, V. xxix. 39. 
 
 BeaumoDt, Gustave de, a revolutionary 
 leader, 1847, VII. xlvii. 18. 
 
 Beauvais, the bishop of, III. xvi. 82. 
 
 Beauvois, M. Josse de, I. iii. 67. 
 
 Bebutoff, prince, occupies Akhalzikh, 
 III. xv. 82 defence of Akhalzikh by, 
 86 et seq. at Debrcczin, VIII. lv. 66. 
 
 Bechir, the emir, convention between, 
 and the allies, V. xxxii. 71. 
 
 Bedeau, general, occupies Tlemsen, VII. 
 xiv. 29 defeats Abd-el-Kadr, 30 
 defeat of the Moors by, 34 confer- 
 ence with the Marocco chief, 35 
 during the insurrection of 1848, xlvii. 
 61 a member of the provisional gov- 
 ernment, 75 note during the insur- 
 rection of June, VIII. 1. 84, 87 
 wounded, 94 foreign minister under 
 Cavaignac, 97 note arrested, Ivii. 
 48. 
 
 Bedford, state of corporation of, VI. 
 xxxvi. 9. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 2G 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Bedwin, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Bedworth, riots at, 1829, IV. xxii. 17. 
 
 Beef, fall on, 1818 to 1822, II. x. 23 
 note comparative consumption of, in 
 France and England, III. xvii. 126 
 prices of, 1824-5, xix. 64 note fall of 
 prices of, 1/82-1837, VI. xxxvii. 46 
 note imported, proposed new tariff 
 on, VII. xli. 47 note fall in price 
 of, 1841 to 1845, xlii. 35 note. 
 
 Beer, rise in the duty on, I. ii. 39 
 alleged diminished consumption of, 
 VI. xxxv. 27. 
 
 Beer duty, repeal of the, 1830, IV. xxii. 
 34. 
 
 Beeralston, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Beethoven as a composer, V. xxviii. 81. 
 
 Beet-root sugar, discussion on duties on, * 
 in France, VII. xliv. 33. 
 
 Bdfort, abortive conspiracy at, 1822, II. 
 xi. 18. 
 
 Begging, prevalence of, in Ireland, IV. 
 xx. 2. 
 
 Begramee, position, &c. of Akbar Khan 
 at, VIII. xlviii. 90. 
 
 Beguin, M., returned to the Deputies in 
 1817, I. vi. 42. 
 
 Beh-Meru, defeat of the British at, VI. 
 xl. 116 et seq. 
 
 Behrend, attack by the mob on, VIII. 
 liii. 55. 
 
 Belfast, increase of, since the Union, V. 
 xxxi. 124 note proposed reform of 
 corporation of, VI. xxxvi. 33 foun- 
 dation of secular college of, VII. xlii. 
 22. 
 
 Belgian loan, discussion on the, 1832, 
 V. xxxi. 11. 
 
 Belgians, queen of the, dowry of, V. 
 xxxiii. 87. 
 
 Belgide, the duke de, dismissed from 
 office, II. xi. 70. 
 
 Belgium, effects of the alliance of France 
 and England on, I. i. 8 position, &c. 
 of the forces of, in France, iii. 29 
 designs of France on, III. xvii. 49 
 state of, and its disposition, 1830, IV. 
 xxiv. 69 causes of discord, 70 the 
 revolutionary pnrty, and its iucrease 
 by the French Revolution, 71 com- 
 mencement of the Revolution, 72 
 progress of the insurrection, 73 
 negotiations of insurgents with king, 
 74 demands of the leaders of the 
 Revolution, 75 king's speech on 
 opeuing the Chambers, 76 the army 
 directed on Brussels, 77, 78 its de- 
 feat, and retreat on Antwerp, 79 
 spread of the insurrection, and sepa- 
 ration from Holland decreed, 80 
 
 The Lai 
 
 jealousy excited in Europe by the re- 
 volution in, xxv. I competition for 
 crown of, and its final separation from 
 Holland, 20 crown offered to Duke 
 de Nemours, and refused, 21 proto- 
 cal fixing its limits, 22 feeling in Eng- 
 land on refusal of its crown by Louis 
 Philippe, 23 its weak and distracted 
 state, 24 danger of war between, and 
 Germany, 29 want of preparation in, 
 and defenceless state of, 60 what the 
 London Congress should have done 
 regarding, 61 views of France and 
 England, 62 reasons which led them 
 to support her, 63 Prince Leopold 
 elected king of, 64 change this elec- 
 tion made in the views of, 65 change 
 in policy of Great Britain regarding, 
 66 change in language of France and 
 England regarding Luxembourg, 67 
 negotiations, and secret treaty between 
 these powers, 68 Holland declares 
 war, 69 her forces, 70 their defeat, 
 71 intervention of the French, 72 
 armistice, and withdrawal of the 
 French, 73 acquiescence of the 
 Northern Powers in the intervention, 
 74 advantages gained by Holland 
 by the iuvasion, 75 final arrange- 
 ments t proposed by the conference, 
 ib. excitement caused in Paris by 
 the intervention in, 78 the revolu- 
 tion in, its effect in Germany, V. 
 xxvii. 46 convention for cession of 
 Antwerp to, xxix. 85 siege and cap- 
 ture of Antwerp, 90 et seq. reasons 
 of, for desiring accommodation, 95 
 treaty with Holland, 96 abandon- 
 ment of the barrier treaty, 97 reso- 
 lution of Congress of Muntz Graetz 
 regarding, xxx. 26 proposed railway 
 from Paris to, VI. xxxiv. 8 affairs of, 
 1838, 22 military preparations, and 
 views of the republicans, 23 views of 
 the English cabinet, 24 obstinacy of 
 the Belgians, and preparations of 
 France and Prussia, 25 failure of 
 bank of Brussels, and settlement of 
 the question, 26 views of the repub- 
 licans regarding Limbourg, &c, 43 
 panic in, and failure of the bank of, 
 1838, xxxvii. 44 increase of exports 
 to, 1S37-40, VII. xli. 29 prosperity 
 of, 1847, xliii. Ill miles of railway 
 in, 122 note proposed railway from 
 Paris to, xliv. 79 attempt of the 
 French to revolutionise, 1848, VIII. 
 1. 42 acknowledgment of the French 
 republic by, 46 effects of the French 
 revolution of 1848 in, liii. 17 
 monetary and commercial crisis in, 
 18 system of prison labour in, lvii. 8. 
 
 yc Human numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 27 
 
 Belef, death of the Empress Elizabeth 
 at, II. viii. 108. 
 
 Belief, impossibility of unity of, IV. xxi. 
 162. 
 
 Bell, Mr, the affair of the Vixen, VI. 
 xxx vi. 71 et seq. 
 
 Belleisle, imprisonment of the insurgents 
 of June in, VIII. 1. 94. 
 
 Bellepoule, the, sent to St Helena for 
 the remains of Napoleon, VI. xxxiv. 
 78. 
 
 Bellerophon, the, at Acre, V. xxxii. 
 72. 
 
 Belliard, general, reception of, in Aus- 
 tria, as ambassador from Louis Phi- 
 lippe, IV. xxiv. 49 French minister 
 at Brussels, xxv. 69 evacuation of 
 Belgium by, 73. 
 
 Bellido, general, capture of Cervera by, 
 II. xi. 57. 
 
 Bello, general de, saved by the Duchesse 
 d'Angouleme, I. iii. 106. 
 
 Belluno, the duke of, see Victor. 
 
 Beloochees, the, capture of Khelat by, 
 VI. xl. 86 iu Scinde, VIII. xlix. 2. 
 
 Beloochistan, expedition of Napier into, 
 VIII. xlix. 10. 
 
 Belsbazzar's Feast, Martin's, I. v. 95. 
 
 Belvidere, colonel, forces under, VIII. 
 Iii. 89. 
 
 Belvidere palace, capture of the, by the 
 Polish insurgents, IV. xxvi. 16. 
 
 Belzyec, defeat of the Poles at, IV. xxvi. 
 68. 
 
 Bern, general, character of, VIII. liv. 
 64 during the defence of Vienna, 
 69 forces under, in Transylvania, lv. 
 5 operations and successes there, 9 
 operations of, in Transylvania, 20, 
 21 -successes there, 21 forces under, 
 51 the supreme command offered to, 
 63 disasters of, in Transylvania, 68 
 defeated at Segeswar, 69 and 
 finally at Hermanstadt, 70 at battle 
 of Temesvar, 74 jealousy of Georgey, 
 77 interview between them, 79 
 his flight, ib. takes refuge in Turkey, 
 83 becomes Mussulman, lvi. 56. 
 
 Benauglen, armed muster of Catholics 
 at, IV. xxii. 19. 
 
 Benavarre, defeat of the Constitutional- 
 ists at, II. xi. 74. 
 
 Benbow, the, at Acre, V. xxxii. 72. 
 
 Benckher, M., VIII. liii. 46, 64. 
 
 Bencoolen, cession of, to the Dutch, VI. 
 xxxix. 86. 
 
 Beneventum, revolutionary movement 
 in, II. vii. 117. 
 
 Bengal presidency, finances of, 1S39- 
 
 52, VI. xxxix. 15 note the Zemindar 
 
 system in, 23 revenue from the salt 
 
 monopoly in, 24 bank of, 31 note. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Benkendorf, general, operations of, in 
 Persia, III. xv. 21. 
 
 Bentham, Jeremy, the works of, I. v. 82. 
 
 Bentinck, Lord George, arguments of, 
 for the corn laws, VII. xlii. 59 argu- 
 ments of, against Irish coercion bill, 
 77 arguments of, against the change 
 in the sugar duties, xliii. 9 views of, 
 on Ireland, 53 his railway scheme 
 for it, and arguments in favour of 
 this, 54 answer of ministers and Sir 
 Robert Peel, 59, 60 et seq. division 
 on the subject, 63 his character, 64 
 his family and early history, 65 
 his mental qualities, 66 what gave 
 him his ascendancy, 67 his private 
 character and habits, 68 speech of, 
 on the commercial crisis of 1847, 75 
 arguments of, against bank charter 
 act, 1847, 109. 
 
 Bentinck, Lord William, governor of 
 Madras, VI. xxxix. 37 recalled, ib. 
 
 . governor-general of India, charac- 
 ter of, xl. 4 his first measures of 
 economy, 5 further economical re- 
 forms, 6 reduction of army, 7 ab- 
 straction of officers for civil situations, 
 8 abolition of suttee, 9 destruction 
 of the Thugs, 10 removal of civil 
 forfeitures on conversion, 11 political 
 transactions, 12 restoration of j>assage 
 by Red Sea, 13 return to England, 
 14 failure of his abolition of flogging 
 in the Indian army, xliii. 26 treaty 
 with the Ameers of Scinde, VIII. xlix. 
 3 visit of, to Runjeet Singh, 53. 
 
 Benvenuto Cellini, Goethe's life of, V. 
 xxviii. 13. 
 
 Bequests, church, law regarding in 
 France, I. vi. 32. 
 
 Beranger, his songs in favour of Napo- 
 leon, II. ix. 28 the songs of, III. 
 xviii. 65 supports the Orleanists, IV. 
 xxiv. 14 efforts of, on behalf of the 
 Duke of Orleans, 21 efforts of, to 
 restrain the crowd at the Hotel de 
 Ville, 29 chosen vice-president of 
 Deputies, 1831, xxv. 59 letter from, 
 to Louis Napoleon, VI. xxxiv. 84. 
 
 Berar, incorporation of, VIII. xlix. 120. 
 
 Berard, M., III. xvii. 67 note. 
 
 Berbes, M. de, vote for, for the Presi- 
 dency, III. xvii. 21. 
 
 Berenger, M., made a councillor of state 
 I. vi. 82 majority for, as vice-presi- 
 dent of Deputies, V. xxx. 14 votes 
 for, 1848, VIII. 1. 64 note. 
 
 Beresford, marshal, II. vii. 96 efforts 
 of, against the revolution in Portugal, 
 and his return to England, 98 return 
 of the British officers to England with, 
 99. 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 28 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Bergami, Bartolomeo, II. x. 83 dismis- 
 sal of, by the queen, 80. 
 
 Bergamo, revolt in, VIII. Hi. 12. 
 
 Bergato, fort of, stormed by the Sardi- 
 nians, VIII. Hi. 102. 
 
 Bergman, general, garrisons Kars, III. 
 xv. 82. 
 
 Berici, Monte, storming of, by the Austri- 
 ans, VIII. Hi. 57. 
 
 Berlin, recent public buildings of, V. 
 xxvii. 8 establishment of university 
 of, 43- estates of, demand of the 
 freedom of the press by, 65 railway 
 from, to Kothen, 67 meeting of 
 general estates of Prussia at, 69 
 demands of the magistracy of, against 
 the Puritans, 73 demands of the 
 estates of, 74 synod convoked in 
 1846 at, 75 decree, indemnity claim- 
 ed by the Americans for, xxxiii. 15 
 reception of the Dukes of Orleans and 
 Nemours at, 63 excitement in, on 
 the French He volution, VIII. Hii. 22 
 tumult in, 24 conflict, and sub- 
 mission of the king, 25 riots in, on 
 promulgation of the constitution, 51 
 Wrangel appointed to command, 
 52 disorders, and conduct of the 
 burgher guard, 54 aspect of, after 
 the revolution, 63 state of siege 
 terminated, 88 congress summoned 
 by Prussia at, 90. 
 
 Bermond, M. de, an adherent of the 
 Duchess de Berri's, taken prisoner, V. 
 xxix. 43. 
 
 Bermuda, transportation of the Cana- 
 dian insurgents to, VI. xxxvii. 96 
 difficulty on their arrival there, 98. 
 return of the Canadian prisoners from, 
 VI. xxxvii. 103. 
 
 Bern, colonel, at Ostrolenka, IV. xxvi. 
 76. 
 
 Bernard, general, becomes minister-at- 
 war, V. xxxiii. 5, 71 note directs the 
 evacuation of Ancona, VI. xxxiv. 21. 
 
 Bernard, Martin, a leader of the Societo 
 des Saisons, VI. xxxiv. 36 trial of, 
 41 his conviction and sentence, 42 
 liberation of, VIII. 1. 11. 
 
 Bernay, Louis Philq>pe at, 1832, V. xxx. 
 20. 
 
 Bernburg, representation of, in the Diet, 
 V. xxvii. 4 note population and 
 military contingent, 5 note. 
 
 Berne, excitement in, on the French Re- 
 volution, IV. xxiv. 86 aristocratic 
 constitution of, VII. xlvi. 89 growth 
 of radicalism in, 91 democratic revo- 
 lution in, 95. 
 
 Bernstorff, baron, at Aix-la-Chapelle, f. 
 vi. 61 count, at the Congress of Trop- 
 pau, II. viii. 70 represents Prussia 
 
 The La 
 
 at the Congress of Verona, xii. 11 
 his picture of the state of Germany, 
 V. xxvii. 30 circular of, regarding the 
 provincial estates, 38 character of, 
 as a statesman, 42. 
 
 Berri, the duke de, made member of 
 Chamber of Peers, I. Hi. 20 views of, 
 as to the ordinance of Sept. 5, 133- 
 marriage of, vi. 27 his character, &c, 
 II. ix. 31 his previous history. 32 
 his marriage to Caroline of Naples, 
 33 sketch of his assassin, 34 his 
 assassination, 35 his last moments, 
 36, 37 his death, 38 sensation it 
 produced, 39 Chateaubriand on it, 
 40 funeral of, 51 funeral service 
 for, 1831, and tumult caused by it, 
 IV. xxv. 43. 
 
 Berri, the duchesse de, birth of her son, 
 the Duke de Bordeaux, II. ix. 84 
 her generosity, 85 during the Three 
 Days, III. xvii. 75 during the retreat 
 to the coast, 94 at Valognes 69 at 
 Cherbourg, 98 during the cholera at 
 Paris, V. xxix. 36 violent views of, 
 
 39 resolves on insurrectionary at- 
 tempt in France, and repairs to Massa, 
 
 40 sets sail for France, 41 her 
 landing there, 42 abortive attempt 
 at Marseilles, 43 resolves to cross 
 France to La Vendee, 44 escapes 
 into La Vendee, 45 her attempt op- 
 posed by the royalist committee, 46 
 she nevertheless resolves on a rising, 
 48 its suppression, 49 her adven- 
 tures, 50- takes refuge in Nantes, 51 
 her betrayal by Deutz, 53 and arrest, 
 54 imprisoned in chateau of Blaye, 
 55 results to Louis Philippe of the 
 defeat of her attempt, xxx. 1 . 
 
 Berryer, M., the defence of Ney by, I. 
 
 Hi. 84 et seq character of, III. xvii. 
 
 11 arguments of, against the address, 
 23 offered office, but declines, 30 
 opposes the law against the Bourbons, 
 
 IV. xxv. 87 arguments of, against 
 the abolition of the hereditary peer- 
 age, 96 heads the moderate royalists, 
 
 V. xxix. 39 opposes the attempt of 
 the Duchess de Berri, 46, 48 trial 
 and acquittal of, 52 arrest of, 77 
 opposes the new laws against the press, 
 1836, xxxiii. 44 defence of the Gaz- 
 ette de France by, 1841, VII. xliv. 
 51 character and influence of, 102 
 opposes the constitution of 1848, 
 VIII. li. 16. 
 
 Berthozene, general, difficulties of, in 
 Africa, V. xxxiii. 98 defeated there, 
 ib. 
 
 Bertin, M., letter from Chateaubriand to, 
 V. xxix. 77 note. 
 
 rge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 29 
 
 Bertin de Vaux, M., III. xvii. 67 note, 74 
 note on the measures for reduction 
 of the debt, xvi. 35 at the meeting 
 at Lafitte's, xvii. 79 efforts of, to 
 arrest the revolution, 86. 
 
 Berton, general, heads the insurrection 
 at Thouars, II. xi. 1 9 his execution, 
 ib. 
 
 Bertrand, general, proscribed in 1815, 
 I. iii. 19 at St Helena, II, ix. 116 
 at the reinterment of Napoleon, VI. 
 xxxiv. 87. 
 
 Bertrand du Lys, Manuel, a member of 
 the Cortes of 1822, II. xi. 51. 
 
 Berzagliers, the Piedmontese, VIII. Hi. 25. 
 
 Bes, general, at Novara, VIII. Iii. 91. 
 
 Besancon, Louis Philippe at, IV. xxv. 56. 
 
 Besborough, earl of, lord-lieutenant of 
 Ireland, 1846, VII. xliii. 4 note. 
 
 Besika, the French and English fleets in 
 bay of, V. xxxii. 61. 
 
 Bessarabia, arrangements of Alexander 
 for colonising, II. viii. 64 establish- 
 ment of military colonies in, 67. 
 
 Bestoujif, Alexander, a Russian conspi- 
 rator, II. viii. 122, 123 note heroism 
 of, 145 note. 
 
 Bestoujif-Rumine, Michel, a leader of 
 the revolt, II. viii. 134 condemned 
 to death, 137 his execution, 139. 
 
 Bethmont, M., a member of the pro- 
 visional government, VII. xlvii. 75 
 note votes for, 1848, VIII. 1. 64 note 
 minister of public worship, 1848, 
 69 note minister of justice under 
 Cavaignac, 97 note. 
 
 Bethnal Green, riots of silk-weavers in, 
 1830, IV. xxii. 9. 
 
 Bettroni, signora, VIII. Iii. 35. 
 
 Bewdley, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Bexley, lord, III. xix. 17 chancellor of 
 the duchy of Lancaster, IV. xxi. 66 
 note. 
 
 Beylau, battle of, V. xxxii. 12. 
 
 Beyrout, bombardment of, V. xxxii. 65. 
 
 Bhootwal, seizure of, by the Ghoorkas, 
 VI. xxxix. 38. 
 
 Bhurti Singh, a Ghoorka chief, death of, 
 VI. xxxix. 42. 
 
 Bhurtpore, commencement of the differ- 
 ence with the rajah of, VI. xxxix. 79 
 increased disturbances, and inter- 
 ference of the British, 80 commence- 
 ment of the war, and forces, 81 com- 
 mencement and difficulties of the siege, 
 82 its progress, 83 the assault, 84 
 its decisive results, 85 undue re- 
 duction of force after war with, xl. 
 1 expense of it, 2. 
 
 Biala, defeat of the Russians at, IV. 
 
 Bidassoa, scene at the passing of the, by 
 the French, II. xii. 72 defeat of the 
 Spanish refugees on the, IV. xxiv. 68. 
 
 Biddle, Mr, chairman of the United 
 States Bank, VI. xxxvii. 17 on the 
 effects of General Jackson's measures 
 against the banks, 26. 
 
 Bignon, M., on the capitulation of Paris 
 as regarded Ney, I. iii. 86 in the 
 Chamber of 1816, vi. 10 a member of 
 Louis Philippe's first cabinet, IV. 
 xxiv. 44 resignation of, xxv. 7 
 arguments of, on foreign affairs, 1831, 
 79 et seq. motion by, on Poland, 85 
 arguments of, for the abolition of the 
 hereditary peerage, 91 votes for, as 
 president, 1834, V. xxxiii. 2. 
 
 Bija, a robber chieftain, overthrow of, 
 VIII. xlix. 48. 
 
 Bilderbuch ohne Bilder, Andersen's, V. 
 xxviii. 60. 
 
 Bill of pains and penalties, the proceed- 
 ings on the, II. x. 83 et seq. its failure, 
 87. 
 
 Billault, M., speech of, on the address, 
 1848, VII. xlvii. 31. 
 
 Bir, preparations of the Turks at, V. 
 xxxii. 48. 
 
 Bird, lieut., at the storming of the Ricka- 
 basheefort, VI. xl. 110. 
 
 Birkenhead steamer, loss of the, VIII. 
 lvi. 71. 
 
 Birmingham, intended insurrection in, 
 I. iv. 14 Radical meeting at, II. x. 
 32 proposed transference of the 
 franchise from East Retford to, IV. 
 xx. 83 decision against transferring 
 East Retford franchise to, xxi. 96 
 motion for giving representation to, 
 1830, xxii. 43 formation of the poli- 
 tical union of, 44 members given to, 
 xxiii. 42 note preparations for insur- 
 rection of the political unions of, 1831, 
 69 great meeting of the political 
 unions at, 84 the petition from, on 
 the resignation of the Grey ministry, 
 1 09 .note the elections for 1833 in, V. 
 xxxi. 26 declaration of the political 
 union against the Grey ministry, 62 
 elections of 1835 in, VI. xxxv. 19 the 
 Chartist riot in, 1839, xxxvii. 66 
 Wellington on it, 67 anti-corn-law 
 association formed at, 70 small pro- 
 portion of children at school at, VII. 
 xli. 81 note the bankruptcies in, 
 during 1847, x^iii. 114 high rate of 
 infant mortality in, 157. 
 
 Birnie, Mr, arrest of the Cato Street con- 
 spirators by, II. x. 46, 47. 
 
 Births, legitimate and illegitimate, in 
 Paris, IV. xxv. 42 bill for registra- 
 tion of, England, VI. xxxvi. 48. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic lo the Paragraph.
 
 30 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Biscay, royalist insurrection in, II. xi. 
 48, 55, 60. 
 
 Bishops, efforts to intimidate the, on the 
 reform bill, IV. xxiii. 78 motion 
 against their sitting in the Peers, VI. 
 xxxvi. 23 oppose the bill for abolition 
 of church-rates, 64. 
 
 Bishop's Castle disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Bishoprics, proposed abolitions of, in 
 Ireland, V. xxxi. 45. 
 
 Bistrom, general, defeated before Varna, 
 III. xv. 58, 59. 
 
 Bixio, M., VIII. lvii. 3 minister of 
 commerce, 1848, VIII. li. 31. 
 
 Blacas, M. de, prime-minister to Louis 
 XVIII. at Ghent, I. iii. 7 dismissed, 
 ib. made member of Chamber of 
 Peers, 20 concordat with Rome con- 
 cluded by, vi. 27 a leader of the Parti- 
 pretre, III. xvi. 10 heads the violent 
 royalists at Holyrood, V. xxix. 39. 
 
 Black Joke, affair of the, at Canton, VIII. 
 xlviii. 24. 
 
 Black Sea, the Russian fleet in the, II. 
 viii. 46 terms of treaty of Adrianople 
 regarding the, III. xv. 137 closing of 
 the, to all war-ships but Russian, V. 
 xxxii. 31 stipulations of commercial 
 treaty with England regarding, 42 
 command of, given to Russia by 
 treaty of Unkiar-Skelessi, VI. xxxiv. 
 116, 117. 
 
 Blackburn, Mr, Irish attorney-general, 
 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Blackburn, member given to, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Blackfeet, Dr Doyle on the, V. xxxi. 35. 
 
 Blackfriars Bridge, preparations against 
 the Chartists at, VII. xliii. 132. 
 
 Blackmore, chief-justice, trial of Meagher 
 before, VII. xliii. 140. 
 
 Blackwood's Magazine, rise of, I. v. 43 
 opposes the reform bill, IV. xxiii. 71 
 views of, on Ireland, 1833, V. xxxi. 
 54 note. 
 
 Blagowich. general, joins the Hungarians, 
 VIII. liv. 45. 
 
 Blaise-Foumas, don, interim commander 
 at Cadiz, II. vii. 61. 
 
 Blake, captain, VIII. lvi. 71 note. 
 
 Blanc, Louis, his account of the inter- 
 view between Odillon Barrot and 
 Charles X., III. xvii. 93 on the ob- 
 jects of the French liberals, 102 note 
 on the prevalent (distress in Paris 
 after the Revolution of 1830, IV. xxiv. 
 45 on the state of government after 
 the Revolution, xxv. 39 on the pre- 
 valent corruption in France, 41 on 
 the abolition of the hereditary peer- 
 age, 104 picture of the condition of 
 
 The La 
 
 the working classes after the Revolu- 
 tion, by, V. xxix. 3 on the trials for 
 treason in 1835, xxxiii. 27 heads the 
 liberal committee in Paris, and his 
 character, VI. xxxiv. 5 on state of 
 society in 1838, &c, 11 picture of 
 France in 1841 by, VII. xliv. 17 
 views and character of, 101 declara- 
 tion of, against the reform procession, 
 xlvii. 47 opposes insurrection, 56 
 appointed one of provisional govern- 
 ment, 75 share of, in the Ateliers 
 Nationeaux, VIII. 1. 15 his real fault, 
 1 7 socialist demonstration organised 
 by, 52 during the demonstration of 
 March 17th, 53, 54, 55 conspiracy in 
 favour of, 57 dissensions between, 
 and Lamartine, 61 votes for, 1848, 
 64 note motion by, against the exe- 
 cutive commission, 68 discontent of, 
 70 appointed one of provisional 
 government, 73 his trial negatived, 
 75 reported by the commission as ac- 
 cessary to the revolt, li. 2 withdraws 
 to England, ib. 
 
 Blancs Manteaux, capture of the, by the 
 insurgents, V. xxix. 69. 
 
 Blandford, the marquis of, motion by, 
 on reform, 1 830, IV. xxii. 43. 
 
 Blanqui, a leader of the Socidte des 
 Saisons, VI. xxxiv. 36 trial and sen- 
 tence of, 42 views of, in the con- 
 spiracy, 43 liberation of, VIII. 1. 11 
 reception of Smith O'Brien at his 
 club, 38 heads the socialist demon- 
 stration, 52, 54 efforts of Lamartine 
 to conciliate, 56 dissension between, 
 and Ledru-Rollin, 58 a party to in- 
 surrection of May 15th, 70, 72 ap- 
 pointed by mob to provisional govern- 
 ment, 73 implicated in the revolt of 
 June, li. 2. 
 
 Blaquiere, M., arrival of, in Greece, III. 
 xiv. 100. 
 
 Blaye, chateau of, imprisonment and 
 accouchement of the Duchess de Berri 
 in, V. xxix. 55. 
 
 Blessington's Conversations with Lord 
 Byron, on, V. xxviii. 54 note. 
 
 Bletchingley, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Blois, reform banquet at, VII. xliv. 32. 
 
 Blondof, M., II. viii. 131. 
 
 Blood, captain, artillery under, VIII. 
 xlix. 20. 
 
 Blucher, prince, vote of thanks by par- 
 liament to, I. ii. 63. 
 
 Blum, M., vice-president of the Vor par- 
 liament, VIII. liii. 32. 
 
 Blum, Robert, a member of the Diet, 
 VIII. liii. 33 takes part with the 
 Viennese insurgents, liv. 65 his exe- 
 
 rge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 31 
 
 cution, 74 effect of the execution of, 
 on the Diet at Frankfort, liii. 71. 
 
 Blum, general, defeat of the Poles by, 
 VIII. liii. 49. 
 
 Blume, general, death of, IV. xxvi. 17. 
 
 Boards of Health, institution of, in Eng- 
 land, V. xxxi. 9. 
 
 Bocca Romana, the duke de, I. iii. 97. 
 
 Bocca Tigris, forcing of the passage of 
 the, 1834, VIII. xlviii. 20 capture of 
 forts of, 27. 
 
 Bodin, M., motion by, on Poland, IV. 
 xxv. 85. 
 
 Bodmin, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Boerne, the works of, V. xxx. 23. 
 
 Bceotia, successes of the Turks in, III. 
 xiv. 38 devastations of the war in, 
 114. 
 
 Bohemia, the revolt of, in 1848, I. i. 19 
 its suppression, 21 originally a 
 part of Poland, IV. xxvi. 7 the glass 
 manufactures of, V. xxvii. 7 educa- 
 tion and crime in, 1 1 note the insur- 
 rection in, VIII. Iii. 62 commence- 
 ment of agitation in, and its objects, 
 liv. 8 liberal constitution for, 10 
 Sclavonic assembly at Prague, and its 
 proceedings, 11 revolt at Prague, 12 
 et seq. suppression of the insurrec- 
 tion, 14 declares against the insur- 
 rection in Vienna, 63. 
 
 Boin, M., amendment on the new elec- 
 toral law moved by, II. ix. 74 on the 
 law against seditious cries, I. iii. 67. 
 
 Boinvilliers, M., interview of, as the 
 head of the Republicans, with the 
 Duke of Orleans, IV. xxiv. 33. 
 
 Boirier, Victor, attempt on the life of 
 Louis Philippe by, and his sentence, 
 V. xxxiii. 88. 
 
 Boisgelin, Alexander de, I. iii. 56. 
 
 Bois le Comte, M., French ambassador 
 to Switzerland, VII. xlvi. 99. 
 
 Boissel, M., VII. xlvii. 44. 
 
 Bokhara, khan of, imprisonment of Dost 
 Mahommed by, VI. xl. 87. 
 
 Bolan Pass, the, VI. xl. 20 passage of 
 the, by the Affghanistan expedition, 62 
 passage of the, by England, VIII. 
 xlvii. 77. 
 
 Boldero, captain, clerk of ordnance, 1841, 
 VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Bolivia, reciprocity treaty with, III. xix. 
 29 note. 
 
 Bologna, revolutionary excitement in, 
 1830, IV. xxiv. 87 democratic in- 
 surrection in, 1830, xxv. 25, 20 
 its suppression, 28 occupied by the 
 Austrians, 1831, V. xxix. 27 and 
 again in 1832, 29 decree for reorgan- 
 ising the university of, VII. xlvi. 66 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 occupied by the Austrians, VIII. Hi. 
 77 reduction* of, by the Austrians, 
 105. 
 
 Bolton, intended insurrection in, I. iv. 
 14 member given to, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note elections of 1835 in, VI. xxxv. 
 19 rates of mortality in, 1841, VII. 
 xli. 17 note small proportion of chil- 
 dren at school at, 81 note. 
 
 Bomarsund, capture of, as an instance 
 of naval attack on land defences, VI. 
 xxxiv. 30. 
 
 Bombay presidency, finances of, 1839- 
 52, Vl. xxxix. 15 note road to Agra 
 from, VIII. xlix. ] 13 note and from 
 Calcutta to, ib. railways from, ib. 
 bank of, VI. xxxix. 31 note. 
 
 Bona, outrage by the Algerines at, I. ii. 
 69 continued hostilities in, 1834, V. 
 xxxiii. 7. 
 
 Bonald, M. de, character of, I. iii. 57 
 argument of, against the law of 
 divorce, 121 arguments of, for a pro- 
 prietary clergy, vi. 33. 
 
 Bonck, chevalier, VIII. liv. 75. 
 
 Bond, cornet, VIII. Ivi. 71 note. 
 
 Bonded corn, letting out of, 1826, IV. 
 xxi. 3. 
 
 Bonham, J. R., store-keeper of ordnance, 
 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Bonin, general, defeated at Fredericia, 
 VIII. liii. 96. 
 
 Bonjeau, M., minister of commerce, 
 VIII. lvii. 34. 
 
 Bonn, establishment of university of, V. 
 xxvii. 43 university of, proceedings 
 of archbishop of Cologne against, 58. 
 
 Bonnemaine, general, operations of, 
 against Riego, II. xii. 86 defeats 
 him, 87. 
 
 Bonnet, trial of, for the insurrection of 
 12th May, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 41 his 
 conviction and sentence, 42. 
 
 Bonnet Phrygien, secret society called, 
 V. xxx. 42 note. 
 
 Bonnymuir, -the battle of, II. x. 51. 
 
 Bonton, attempt by, on the Duchess de 
 Berri, II. ix. 85. 
 
 Books, decree prohibiting, in Spain, II. 
 vii. 45. 
 
 Booth, lieutenant, VIII. Ivi. 71 note. 
 
 Boots, proposed reduction of duties on, 
 VII. xlii. 49. 
 
 Bordeaux, the duke de, birth of, II. ix. 
 84 at the deathbed of Louis XVIIL, 
 xii. 123 appointment of a preceptor 
 to, III. xvi. 54 during the Three 
 days, xvii. 75 abdication of Charles 
 X. in favour of, 91 at Valognes, 96 
 the Duke of Orleans proposed as lieute- 
 nant-general for him, IV. xxiv. 14 
 defence of the lights of, by Chateau- 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 32 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Bordeaux, the duke de, continued. 
 briand, 37 marriage of, VII. xlvi. 
 32. 
 
 Bordeaux, legitimate and illegitimate 
 children iu, III. xvii. 1 22 note pros- 
 perity of wine - merchants of, IV. 
 xxiv. 3 the Revolution of 1830 at, 
 46 depressed state of the workmen 
 of, 1831, V. xxix. 2 railway from 
 Paris to, VI. xxxiv. 8 reform ban- 
 quet at, 1840, VII. xliv. 31 resistance 
 to the new valuation in, 61 proposed 
 railway between Marseilles and, 79 
 unemployed workmen in, 1818, VIII. 
 1. 20 suspension of cash payments by 
 bank of, 26 disturbed state of, 97. 
 
 Bordesoult, general, II. xii. 99 corps 
 under, for invasion of Spain, 70 ope- 
 rations under, in Spain, 77. 
 
 Bordjoiu, defeat of the Turks at, III. 
 xv. 88. 
 
 Borelli, general, created a peer, VI. 
 xxxiv. 62. 
 
 Borghese, movement of, at Rome, VII. 
 xlvi. 72. 
 
 Borias, the leader of the conspiracy at 
 Rochelle, II. xi. 20 his trial and exe- 
 cution, 21. 
 
 Borodino, colonel, at the siege of Kars, 
 
 III. xv. 70 at that of Akhalkalaki, 
 72 at Akhalzikh, 78 at the assault, 
 79 slain, 80. 
 
 Boroughs, interests of the, at variance 
 with those of the counties in England, 
 
 IV. xxii. 3 principle adopted with 
 regard to the disfranchisement of, 
 xxiii. 30 list of, disfranchised, &c. 
 by the reform bill, 42 note proposed 
 elective franchise for, 43- class from 
 which the majority of their voters 
 now taken, 136 error in the uniform 
 representation in the, 143 new influ- 
 ences, &c. made predominant in the, 
 144 jealousy of the, on the part of 
 the feudal noblesse, V. xxvii. 44 re- 
 striction of time of polling in, under 
 the reform act, xxxi. 24. 
 
 Borough constituencies, the, character, 
 
 &c. of, IV. xxiii. 134. 
 Borough electors, increase of corruption 
 
 among the. IV. xxiii. 154. 
 Borough members, increase of, under 
 
 new reform bill, IV. xxiii. 94 total 
 
 number of, under the reform bill. 
 
 119 disproportion between, and 
 
 county, 1 36. 
 Boroughbridge, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 
 42 note. 
 Boroughmongcrs, outcry against the, IV. 
 
 xxiii. 5 universal hostility against 
 
 them, 131. 
 Borout, count. 11. xii. 70. 
 
 The La 
 
 Borstel, general, army under, 1830, V. 
 xxvii. 45. 
 
 Borstow prison, statistics of, VIII. lvi. 
 42 note. 
 
 Borthezene, general, at Sidi-Feruch, III. 
 xvii. 45. 
 
 Boscawen, major, defeat of Affghan in- 
 surgents by, VI. xl. 94. 
 
 Boslowsky, prince, condemned to Sibe- 
 ria, II. viii. 137. 
 
 Bosna Serai, population of, III. xiii. 32 
 note. 
 
 Bosnia, prosperous state of, III. xiii. 26 
 proposed cession of, to Austria, VII. 
 xii. 120. 
 
 Bosphorus, the, III. xiii. 40 terms of 
 treaty with Mehemet Ali regarding, 
 V. xxxii. 75 and of the whole 
 European powers, 76. 
 
 Bosquet, general, character of, VII. xlv. 
 18. 
 
 Bossiney, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Bossonis, arrest of Ney at, I. iii. 83. 
 
 Boston, the crash of 1837 in, VI. xxxvii. 
 28. 
 
 Boudroum, the Turkish fleet at, III. xiv. 
 111. 
 
 Bougon, M., surgeon to the Duke de 
 Berri, II. ix. 36. 
 
 Bouille, the countess de, III. xvii. 95. 
 
 Boulatoff, colonel, one of the conspira- 
 tors against Nicholas II. viii. 126, 
 128 note. 
 
 Boulay de la Meurthe, M., elected vice- 
 president, VIII. lvii. 4. 
 
 Boulogne, expedition of Louis Napo- 
 leon to, and its failure, VI. xxxiv. 80 
 et seq. 
 
 Bourbon, the duke de, suspicious death 
 of, IV. xxiv. 57 reports circulated 
 against Louis Philippe in connection 
 with it, 58. 
 
 Bourbon dynasty, attacks of the press on 
 the, in 1820, II. ix. 61. 
 
 Bourbons, conspiracy in the army for de- 
 thronement of the, II. ix. 81 the 
 overthrow of the, the object of the 
 French libei - als, x. 1 fidelity of Cha- 
 teaubriand to the, xi. note cause 
 of the fall of the, 26 danger to the, 
 from the Spanish revolution, xii. 1 
 the hostility of the liberals against 
 the. III. xvii. 102 vehement opposi- 
 tion to the, in France, 113 they 
 identified with the national disasters, 
 115- proscription of the, in France, 
 IV. xxv. 50 bloody law proposed 
 against the, 87 debate on it, 88 et 
 seq.- motions for repeal of laws against 
 the, VIII. lvii. 32, 36 final expulsion 
 of the, 5 1. 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 33 
 
 Bourbon, isle of, conquered by the Bri- 
 tish, VI. xxxix. 38. 
 
 Bourdonnaye, M. de la, refuses the oath 
 of fidelity, I. iii. 62 arguments of, 
 against the new laws regarding per- 
 sonal freedom and the liberty of the 
 press, vi. 21 moves the expulsion 
 of Manuel from the Deputies, II. xii. 
 59 votes for, for the presidentship, 
 1829, III. xvi. 86 minister of the in- 
 terior, 91 character, &c. of, xvii. 3 
 retires from the ministry, 8. 
 
 Bourgas, advance of the Russians to, III. 
 xv. 131 advance of Russian squadron 
 to, V. xxxii. 24, 25. 
 
 Bourges, Michel de, V. xxxiii. 1 9. 
 
 Bourges, reform banquet at, VII. xliv. 
 32 proposed railway from Paris to, 
 79 revolutionary banquet at, 1848, 
 VIII. li. 20. 
 
 Bourgeois class, the, in Russia, II. viii. 
 26 prosperity of the, in Paris under 
 the Restoration, III. xvii. 126 pro- 
 sperity of the, in France, IV. xxiv. 3 
 their interests at variance with those 
 of labour, 4 separation between, and 
 the working classes in France, VII. 
 xliv. 4 prosperity of, under Louis 
 Philippe, xlvii. 1. 
 
 Bourgeoisie, strength given to the gov- 
 ernment by the, IV. xxiv. 6 effects 
 of the supremacy of, in France, V. 
 xxx. 62 motives of, for supporting 
 Louis Philippe, xxxiii. 45 support 
 given to Guizot by, VII. xliv. 15 
 state of, under Louis Philippe, 107 
 rule of, destroyed in France by revo- 
 lution of 1848, VIII. 1. 1 discontent 
 it had excited, 2. 
 
 Bourier, condemned for attempt on the 
 Due d'Orleans, VII. xliv. 66. 
 
 Bourmont, general count, evidence of, 
 against Ney, I. iii. 85 forces under, 
 for invasion of Spain, ii. xii. 70 ope- 
 rations under, in Spain, 77 entrance 
 of, into Seville, 79 minister-at-war, 
 III. xvi. 91 character of, xvii. 4 
 commands the expedition to Algiers, 
 42 battle of Sidi-Feruch, 44 second 
 victory, 45 siege of the city, 46 its 
 surrender, 47 resigns on the de- 
 thronement of Charles X. IV. xxv. 18 
 - accompanies the Duchess de Berri in 
 her insurrectionary attempt, V. xxix. 
 41, 42 accompanies her into La Ven- 
 due, 44 prevents the rising in La 
 Vendee, 48. 
 
 Bourmont, Amadie de, death of, III. 
 xvii. 45. 
 
 Bourmont, the mademoiselles, V. xxix 53. 
 
 Bourne, Mr Sturges, becomes home 
 secretary, IV. xxi. 66. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Bourrienne, M. de, party with which 
 connected, I. iii. 56 his Memoirs of 
 Napoleon, III. xviii. 51. 
 
 Bourse, the, at Paris, III. xviii. 82. 
 
 Boutenieff, M., force offered to Turkey 
 by, against Egypt, V. xxxii. 24 ne- 
 gotiations of the Porte with, 25. 
 
 Bouterwek, the criticisms of, III. xviii. 
 16. 
 
 Bouvier-Dumolard, M., see Dumolard. 
 
 Borier, procession to commemorate the 
 execution of, IV. xxiv. 64. 
 
 Borilla, leader of the insurrection in 
 Modena, execution of, IV. xxv. 27. 
 
 Boville, M. de, and the coup d'etat, VIII. 
 lvii. 48. 
 
 Bovines, a royalist assassin at Nimes, I. 
 iii. 35. 
 
 Bowring, Dr, anti-corn-law banquet to, 
 
 VI. xxxvii. 70 on the condition of 
 the labouring classes in Prussia, VII. 
 xii. 31 motion by, for abolition of 
 flogging in the army, xliii. 23. 
 
 Boyd, captain, advances to relieve com- 
 missariat fort at Cabul, VI. xl. 105 
 supplies procured by, at Cabul, 
 108. 
 
 Boyer, general, V. xxxiii. 123. 
 
 Boylan, ensign, VIII. lvi. 71 note. 
 
 Boys, act regulating employment of, in 
 mines, VII. xii. 78. 
 
 Bozzaris, Mark, successes of, and capture 
 of Arta, III. xiv. 44 defeat of, at 
 Pelta, 68 defence of Missolonghi by, 
 74 successes of, in Epirus, 91 
 forces under, and plan of attack, 94 
 his victory and death, 95. 
 
 Bozzaris, Constantine, conducts the de- 
 fence of Anatolico, III. xiv. 96. 
 
 Bozzaris, Corta, at the battle of Modon, 
 III. xiv. 121. 
 
 Bozzaris, Nothi, commands the garrison 
 of Missolonghi, III. xiv. 129. 
 
 Bozzili, M., VIII. Iii. 18. 
 
 Brackley, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Bradford, Sir Thomas, II. x. 33. 
 
 Bradford, member given to, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note rates of mortality in, 1841, 
 
 VII. xii. 17 note. 
 
 Brahilow, exports of grain from, III. 
 xiii. 21 the fortress of, 54 threat- 
 ened by the Russians, xv. 36 descrip- 
 tion of it, 38 commencement of siege, 
 39 repulse of assault, 40 its fall, 41 
 loss in the assault of, in 1 828, xiii. 
 50. 
 
 Bramber, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Brandenburg, count de, premier, VIII. 
 liii. 55 measures of, 56 ct seq., 60 
 his system of representation by classes, 
 
 to the Paragraph. ^
 
 34 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Brandenburg, count de, continued. 
 
 106 demands of, at Warsaw confer- 
 ence, 92 views of, ib. his death, ib. 
 
 Brandenburg, resistance to the revolu- 
 tion in, VIII. liii. 27. 
 
 Brandenburg Gate, the, Berlin, V. xxvii. 
 8, xxviii. 79. 
 
 Brandenburg House, death of Queen 
 Caroline at, II. x. 109 the funeral 
 procession from, 111. 
 
 Brandreth, John, insurrection headed by, 
 I. iv. 14 his execution, ib. 
 
 Brandy, increased consumpt of, during 
 railway mania, VII. xlii. 8 note pro- 
 posed reduction of duties on, 49. 
 
 Braquey, M., character, &c, of, I. iii. 58. 
 
 Bray, major, at Maharajpore, VIII. xlix. 
 39. 
 
 Brayer, proscribed in 1815, I. iii. 19. 
 
 Brazil, exports from Great Britain to, I. 
 iv. 107 Southey's History of, v. 20 
 effects on Portugal of the removal of 
 the government to, II. vii. 25 crea- 
 tion of the kingdom of, 44 British 
 exports to, xii. 105 note reciprocity 
 treaty with, III. xix. 29 note in- 
 creased exports of manufactures to, V. 
 xxxi. 104 and note increased pro- 
 duction of, since emancipation, 106 
 increased importation of slaves into, 
 107, VII. xliii. 14 increased produc- 
 tion and importation of sugar, since 
 1847, 17 and note imports from, 17 
 note line of steamers from Nantes 
 to, xliv. 43. 
 
 Brazilian Mining Company, the, III. xix. 
 66 note. 
 
 Brazilian slaver, picture of a, VII. xliii. 
 14 note. 
 
 Brazilians, the, and the slave trade, VI. 
 xxxvii. 118. 
 
 Brea, general, during the insurrection of 
 June, VIII. 1. 88 murdered, 89. 
 
 Bread, high price of, in France in 1817, 
 I. vi. 25 reforms regarding, in Tur- 
 key, V. xxxii. 53 Peel on effects of 
 reduction in price of, VII. xli. 30, 
 31. 
 
 Bredy, general, death of, VIII. liv. 
 54. 
 
 Bremen, contributions from France to, 
 I. iii. 48 note reciprocity treaty with, 
 III. xix. 29 note representation of, 
 in the Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note popula- 
 tion and military contingent, 5 note 
 progress of, since the peace, 7- rail- 
 way to, 67 accepts the Germanic 
 constitution of 1848, VIII. liii. 77. 
 
 Bremer, Sir Gordon, operations under, 
 at Canton, VIII. xlviii. 29, 30. 
 
 Brentford, insults to the king and queen 
 at, IV. xxiii. 109. 
 
 Brereton, colonel, trial and suicide of, 
 
 IV. xxiii. 90. 
 
 Brescia, insurrection in, VIII. Iii. 10, 
 12 revolt in, and its suppression, 
 100. 
 
 Breslau, establishment of university of, 
 
 V. xxvii. 43 religious excitement in, 
 1846, 75. 
 
 Breslau, the, at Navarino, III. xiv. 160, 
 161. 
 
 Bressiere, M. de, French ambassador to 
 Sicily, VII. xlvi. 87. 
 
 Bresson, M., becomes foreign minister, 
 V. xxxiii. 5 arranges the alliance for 
 the Duke of Orleans, 87 notification 
 through, regarding Belgium, VI. 
 xxxiv. 24 connection of, with the 
 Spanish marriages, VII. xlvi. 43 
 death of, 87 the Prince de Joinville 
 on his death, xlvii. 2. 
 
 Bressore, M., aids in the escape of Lava- 
 lette, I. iii. 96. 
 
 Brest, disturbances at, 1820, II. ix. 90 
 preparations at, for the expedition to 
 Algiers, III. xvii. 42. 
 
 Brewster, Sir David, I. v. 41. 
 
 Bribery, universality of, in Russia, II. 
 viii. 49 discussions on, 1827,1V. xxi. 
 83 increase of, under the reform bill, 
 xxiii. 154, V. xxxi. 24 the ballot and 
 extension of the suffrage would still 
 further increase it, IV. xxiii. 155. 
 
 Bricqueville, M., law against the Bour- 
 bons proposed by, IV. xxv. 87. 
 
 Bride of Lammermoor, the, remai-ks on, 
 I. v. 10. 
 
 Bride of Messina, Schiller's, V. xxviii. 19, 
 20. 
 
 Bridges, neglect of, in India, VI. xxxix. 
 13. 
 
 Bridport, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Brigandage, prevalence of, in Greece, V. 
 xxxii. 38. 
 
 Bright, Mr, as a leader of the Anti-corn- 
 law League, VI. xxxviii. 36 his views 
 on the corn laws adopted by Peel, VII. 
 xli. 5 arguments of, in favour of free 
 trade, VIII. lvi. 26. 
 
 Brighton, member given to, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Brighton railway, fall in, 1846-52, VII. 
 xliii. 120 note. 
 
 Brind, colonel, at Chillianwallah, VIII. 
 xlix. 100. 
 
 Brisbane, Sir James, operations_ under, 
 in Burmah, VI. xxxix. (>9. 
 
 Briscoe, Mr, motion by, on the compen- 
 sation to the slave-owners, V. xxxi. 
 99. 
 
 Brissac, count de, I. iii. 70 et seq. 
 fidelity of, to Charles, X., III. xvii. 95 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 35 
 
 an adherent of the Duchess de 
 Berri's, V. xxix. 42. 
 
 Bristol, petition from, against the re- 
 sumption of cash payments, I. iv. 57, 
 58 Radical meeting at, 1819, II. x. 32 
 rpetition against reform bill from the 
 merchants and bankers of, IV. xxiii. 
 71 commencement of the riots at, 
 86 fearful disorders, 87 destruction 
 of property, 88 their suppression, 89 
 trial of the rioters, 90 the elections 
 for 1833 in, V. xxxi. 26 election of 
 1835 in, VI. xxxv. 19. 
 
 British, effect of the banishment of the, 
 from Portugal in 1820, II. vii. 99. 
 
 British America, exports from England 
 per head to, II. x. 75 note. 
 
 British army, peculiar character, &c. of 
 the officers in the, III. xvii. 109. See 
 Army. 
 
 British colonies, self-direction of the, I. 
 i. 71. 
 
 British Critic, the, I. v. 43. 
 
 British empire, approaching disruption 
 of the, I. iv. 2 probable results of 
 this, 3 causes which induced it, 5 
 vast growth of the, in India and Aus- 
 tralia, II. viii. 1. 
 
 British Isles, emigration to America 
 from the, V. xxvii. 1 note. 
 
 British manufactures, attempt of O'Con- 
 nell, &c. to exclude from Ireland, 
 VII. xli. 67. 
 
 British Museum, library of George III. 
 presented to the, III. xix. 15. 
 
 British nobility, contrast between their 
 conduct and that of the French, V. 
 xxxi. 6. 
 
 British North America, rate of exports 
 per head to, II. vii. 6 note shipping 
 employed with, ib. See Canada, &c. 
 
 British officers, conduct of the, at Cabul, 
 VI. xl. 102. 
 
 British shipping, proportion of, to for- 
 eign, 1820-51, I. i. 28 note rights 
 conferred by the navigation laws on, 
 III. xix. 20 effects of the reciprocity 
 system on, 30 statistics of, 1801-49, 
 ib. note effects of repeal of navigation 
 laws on, VIII. lvi. 17. See Shipping. 
 
 Broadfoot, captain, measures of, to 
 strengthen Jellalabad, VIII. xlviii. 57, 
 59 atJugdulluck,88 atTezeen,91 
 at Istaliff, 99 major, in the Punjaub, 
 xlix. 60 death of, at Ferozeshah, 
 74. 
 
 Broadfoot, lieut., death of, VI. xl. 92. 
 
 Broadfoot, Mr, murder of, at Cabul, VI. 
 xl. 103. 
 
 Broglia, general, VIII. lii. 41. 
 
 Broglie, the duke de, made a councillor 
 of state, I. vi. 82 supports the De- 
 
 cazes ministry, II. ix. 24 views of, in 
 1819, 27 new electoral law agreed to 
 by, 28 efforts of, against the Polignac 
 ministry, III. xvii. 6 a leading Doc- 
 trinaire, 9 at Lafitte's, IV. xxiv. 25 
 minister of public instruction and 
 premier under Louis Philippe, 44 
 party of, in the ministry of 1830, 
 and his views, xxv. 2 dissensions in 
 his ministry, ib. his resignation, and 
 dissolution of his ministry, 7, 8 be- 
 comes foreign minister, V. xxix. 83, 
 xxx. 9 arguments of, for a general 
 disarming, 33 resignation of, 40 
 becomes premier, xxxiii. 11 character 
 of, 14 arguments of, for further mea- 
 sures of repression, 35 et seq. diffi- 
 culties of, 1836, 47 his views on re- 
 duction of the interest of the debt, ib. 
 resignation of, with his colleagues, 51 
 on Algeria, 106 applied to to form 
 a ministry after Soult's fall, VI. xxxiv. 
 73 arranges treaty regarding right of 
 search for slaves, VII. xlvi. 12 nego- 
 tiations with Palmerston regarding 
 Switzerland, 101 views of, as to the 
 Socialists, VIII. lvii. 25 supports re- 
 vision of the constitution, 38. 
 
 Bron, Mariette, II. x. 87. 
 
 Brosinwski, a Gallician noble, murder 
 of, VII. xlvi. 23. 
 
 Brotherton, Mr, VII. xliii. 92. 
 
 Brougham, Mr, afterwards lord, argu- 
 ments of, against the continuance of 
 the income tax, I. ii. 13 arguments 
 of, on agricultural distress, 1816, 34 
 motion regarding the Holy Alliance 
 by, 58 on the distress, &c. in 1817, 
 iv. 1 1 motion by, on trade and manu- 
 factures, 24 on Lord Sidmouth, 41 
 note opposes the alien act, 46 -his 
 committee on charities, ib. as an 
 essayist, v. 45 speech of, 1820, on the 
 queen's case, II. x. 43 project by, for 
 general education in England, 56 
 statistics of education in England by 
 him, 57 speech of, on the agricul- 
 tural distress question, 69 et seq. 
 negotiations between, and the minis- 
 try, regarding the queen, 78, 79 fresh 
 negotiations of, on behalf of the queen, 
 and their failure, 83 at the trial of 
 the queen, 84 his speech in defence, 
 86 speech and motion by, on agricul- 
 tural distress, 1822, 129 supports Mr 
 Western's motion on the currency, 
 131 speech of, on the Spanish ques- 
 tion, xii. 32 et seq. Canning's reply 
 to, on the South American question, 
 III. xix. 66 altercation between, and 
 Canning, IV. xx. 22 defence of the 
 Catholic Association by, 38 attack on 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 36 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Brougham, lord, continued. 
 
 the Duke of York by, 48 moves the 
 disfranchisement of East Retford, &c, 
 xxi. 83 supports the bill for dis- 
 franchising the forty-shilling freehold- 
 ers, 151 vote of, on the address, 
 1830, xxii. 25 eulogy on William IV. 
 by, 50 and note encomiums on Wil- 
 liam IV. by, 54 motion on slavery 
 by, 1830, 55 returned for the West 
 Riding of Yorkshire, 57 his plan of 
 reform, 75 speech of, on the post- 
 ponement of the king's visit to Lon- 
 don, 78 difficulties of, regarding his 
 position in the ministry, and appoint- 
 ed lord chancellor, xxiii. 6 character 
 of, 11 his merits as a judge, 12 his 
 character as a statesman, 13 his style 
 of oratory, 14 anecdote by, regarding 
 the reform bill, 46 note scene be- 
 tween, and the king regarding the dis- 
 solution of parliament, 02, 63 speech 
 of, in favour of the reform bill, 81 
 advocates the creation of peers, 101 
 receives permission to create peers, 
 112 one of the commission for giv- 
 ing the royal assent to the bill, 115 
 advocacy of negro emancipation by, 
 V. xxxi. 37 declaration of, on Earl 
 Grey's resignation, 142 supports the 
 modified coercion bill, 143 his jour- 
 ney in Scotland, 1834, 159 recrimi- 
 nations between him and Lord Dur- 
 ham, ib. not in office under Lord 
 Melbourne, 1835, VI. xxxv. 44 moves 
 vote of censure on Lord Normanby, 
 xxxvi. 65 on the Irish church bill, 
 1838, 67 on the poor law, xxxvii. 47 
 note hostility of, to the Melbourne 
 ministry, 100 picture by, of the in- 
 creasing horrors of the slave trade, 
 118 on Lord Norman by's liberation 
 of prisoners, xxxviii. 28 motion by, 
 for abolition of corn laws, VII. xli. 
 40 arguments of, against the income 
 tax, 50 adheres to O'Connell's sen- 
 tence, 73 supports the life preserva- 
 tion bill for Ireland, xlii. 70 argu- 
 ments of, against the change in the 
 sugar duties, xliii. 9 picture of Ireland 
 during the famine by, 38 arguments 
 of, against Mr Fielden's factory bill, 91 
 opposes the limited service system, 
 95 supports the education scheme of 
 1847, 96. 
 
 Brougham, Mr W. H., called on to resign 
 his seat, V. xxxi. 62. 
 
 Broussa, population of, III. xiii. 32 note 
 establishment of academy at, V. xxxii. 
 53. 
 
 Brown, Dr Thomas, the philosophical 
 works of, I. v. 31. 
 
 Brown, captain, at Hyderabad, VIII. 
 xlix. 13. 
 
 Brown, lieutenant, VIII. xlix. 27. 
 
 Brown, staff surgeon, VIII. lvi. 71 note. 
 
 Brown, a leader of the Canadian in- 
 surgents, VI. xxxvii. 82. 
 
 Bruat, F. F., counsel for Hubert, VI. 
 xxxiv. 19. 
 
 Bruce, Mr, aids in the escape of La- 
 valette, I. iii. 95 his trial, &rc, 96 
 his defence, ib. note. 
 
 Bruchsal, revolutionary outbreak at, 
 VIII. liii. 82. 
 
 Bruges, the vicomte, L iii. 56. 
 
 Bruges, Dutch party in, IV. xxv. 60. 
 
 Brune, marshal, proceedings of, in the 
 south of France, I. iii. 32 murdered 
 at Avignon, 33. 
 
 Brunei, the engineer, I. v. 39. 
 
 Bruuow, baron, on the British inter- 
 ference at Herat, VI. xl. 52 and the 
 affair of Don Pacifico, VIII. lvi. 58. 
 
 Brunswick, the duke of, Chateaubriand 
 under, II. xi. 6 note. 
 
 Brunswick, interment of Queen Caroline 
 at, II. x. 112 revolution in, 1830, and 
 flight of the duke, IV. xxiv. 85 
 affairs in, 1831, xxv. 33 representa- 
 tion of, in the Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note 
 population and military contingent, 
 5 note accession of, to the Zollverein, 
 66, VIII. liii. 13 statistics of, 5 note 
 accepts theGennanie constitution of 
 1848, 77. 
 
 Brunt, one of the Cato Street conspira- 
 tors, II. x. 45 execution of, 48. 
 
 Brussels, strength of democratic spirit in, 
 IV. xxiv. 71 outbreak of the insur- 
 rection in, 72 its progress, 73 nego- 
 tiations with the insurgents, 74 re- 
 ception of the Prince of Orange, 75 
 the army directed on, 77 conflict in 
 the city, 78 defeat and retreat of the 
 troops, 79 Dutch party in, xxv. 60 
 danger of, from the Dutch in 1831, 71 
 entrance of the French into, 72 
 Polish committee at, V. xxx. 22 bank 
 of, its failure in 1838, VI. xxxiv. 26 
 attempted revolutionary movement at, 
 1848, VIII. liii. 17. 
 Bry, Jean do, indemnity to, II. ix. 102 
 note. 
 
 Brydon, Dr, the survivor of the Cabul 
 retreat, his arrival at Jellalabad, VI. 
 xl. 134. 
 
 Bubna, count, efforts of. for the escape of 
 Nov, I. iii. S3 operations under, 
 against the Piedmontese, II. viii. 82. 
 Buccleuch, duke of, becomes Lord Privy 
 Seal, 1812, \U. xli. 27 conduct of, 
 with regard to corn-law repeal, xlii. 92 
 and note. 
 
 The Lnrqc Rom":: numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 37 
 
 Bucharest, treaty of, between Russia and 
 Turkey, III. xiii. 70 terms of treaty 
 of, regarding the Principalities, 75 
 note occupation of, by Ipsilanti, xiv. 
 30 abandoned by him, 32 treaty of, 
 confirmed by convention of Ackerman, 
 xv. 17 occupied by the Russians, 31 
 treaty of, confirmed by that of 
 Adrianople, 137. 
 
 Buchez, M., and the intended Polish 
 banquet, VII. xliv. 52 votes for, 
 1848, VIII. 1. 64 note president of 
 the Assembly, 66 during the revolt 
 of 15th May, 72. 
 
 Buckingham, marquess of, created a duke, 
 II. x. 113 privy seal, 1841, VII. xli. 
 14 note resignation of, 27 supports 
 the sliding scale, 40. 
 
 Buckingham, Mr Silk, on the East India 
 bill, V. xxxi. 73 and the Indian press, 
 VI. xl. 14. 
 
 Buckingham, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Buckinghamshire, the earl of, I. iv. 26. 
 
 Buckinghamshire, disturbances in, 1830, 
 IV. xxii. 70. 
 
 Buckland, Dr, I. v. 41. 
 
 Buckwheat, produce of, in France, III. 
 xvii. 128 note proposed abolition of 
 duty on, VII. xlii. 49. 
 
 Buda, citadel of, VIII. Iv. 4 siege and 
 storming of, 43. 
 
 Buddhism, prevalence of, in China, VIII. 
 xlviii. 16. 
 
 Budget, debate on the, 1816, I. ii. 25 et 
 seq. discussion on the, 1820, II. x. 55 
 defeat of the Grey ministry on the, 
 1831, IV. xxiii. 28 the Whig, 1841, 
 VI. xxxviii. 42 their defeat on it, 43 
 the debate, 44 Disraeli's, 1852, 
 debate on, VIII. lvi. 70 the French, 
 for 1816, and discussions on it, I. iii. 
 115 et seq See Finances. 
 
 Buenos Ayres, recognition of, by Great 
 Britain, II. xii. 104 British exports 
 to, 105 note and Spanish, ib. formal 
 recognition of, by England,III. xix. 66. 
 
 Buffa, M. announces the resignation of 
 Charles Albert, VIII. Iii. 97. 
 
 Buffalo, the American sympathisers in, 
 
 VI. xxxvii. 89. 
 Buffet, M., VIII. lvii. 3. 
 
 Bugeaud, general, duel between M. 
 Dulong and, V. xxx. 32 during the 
 insurrection of 1834, 50 landing of, 
 in Algeria, victory of the Sickak, and 
 relief of Tlemsen, &c, V. xxxiii. 105 
 jealousy between, and Damremont, 
 114 views and proceedings of, 115 
 conference with Abd-el-Kadr, 116 
 treaty of La Tafna, 117 character of, 
 
 VII. xlv. 16 appointed to the chief 
 
 command in Algeria, 26 successes 
 there during 1841, 27 created a 
 marshal, 31 negotiations with the 
 Moors, 35, 36 ci'itical position of, 39 
 battle of Isly, 40 et seq. treaty con- 
 cluded with Marocco, 43 subjugation 
 of the Kabyles, 44 appointed to com- 
 mand in Paris, 1848, xlvii. 59 suc- 
 cesses against the insurgents, 61 
 ordered to withdraw the troops, ib. 
 opposes the King's abdication, 66 
 measures against the mob, 67 re- 
 turned to National Assembly, VIII. 1. 
 77 formation of army of Alps under, 
 lvii. 2 death and funeral of, 19. 
 
 Bukkur, passage of the Indus by the 
 Affghanistan expedition at, VI. xl. 61. 
 
 Bukowski, murder of, IV. xxvi. 86. 
 
 Buldeo Singh, rajah of Bhurtpore, VI. 
 xxxix. 79 his death, ib. 
 
 Bulgaria, increase of population in, III. 
 xiii. 16' prosperous state of, 26 
 terms of treaty of Adrianople regard- 
 ing, xv. 137 proposed cession of, to 
 Russia, VII. xli. 120. 
 
 Bulgarians, race of the, III. xiii. 7. 
 
 Euller, Mr C, on the position of the 
 Melbourne ministry, VI. xxxvi. 24. 
 
 Bullion, stock of, in Bank of England, 
 1838-40, VI. xxxvii. 40 note im- 
 ports of, to India, 1849-54, xxxix. 32 
 note. See Precious Metals, Gold, 
 Specie, &c. 
 
 Bullion committee, disappointment of 
 the predictions of the, I. ii. 11. 
 
 Bullion question, Peel's views on the, 
 VII. xli. 11. 
 
 Bullion Report, Horner the author of 
 the, I. iv. 28. 
 
 Bullionists, arguments of the, for their 
 system, VI. xxxv. 9 answer to it, 10 
 views of the, as to the export of 
 gold, VII. xliii. 147, 149. 
 
 Bulldog, the, at Messina, VIII. Iii. 22. 
 
 Bull-ring, Birmingham, the Chartist riot 
 in the, VI. xxxvii. 66. 
 
 Bulwer, Sir H., alleged intrigue of, in 
 the Spanish marriage question, VII. 
 xlvi. 42 Palmerston's letter to him, 
 44 note by, on the marriages, 47. 
 
 Bulwer Lytton, Sir E., the novels, &c. 
 of, I. v. 71, 72 on the relations of 
 intellect to virtue, i. 47 note. 
 
 Bulwunt Singh, recognition of, by the 
 British, as Rajah of Burtpore, VI. 
 xxxix. 80. 
 
 Bundeschied's Gericht, proposed by 
 Prussia, &c, VIII. liii. 85. 
 
 Bundoola, commander of the Burmese, 
 death of, VI. xxxix. 65. 
 
 Bunsen, the chevalier, sent as ambassador 
 to the court of Rome, V. xxvii. 59. 
 
 (he Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 38 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Buonaparte, Eliza, and Chateaubriand, 
 
 II. xi. 6 note. 
 
 Buonaparte, Louis Napoleon, see Louis. 
 
 Buonaparte, Napoleon, see Napoleon. 
 
 Buonaparte et les Bourbons, Chateau- 
 briand's, II. xi. 6 note, III. xviii. 8. 
 
 Buonapartes, the, included in the law 
 against the Bourbons, IV. xxv. 87. 
 
 Burdett, Sir Francis, bill for Catholic 
 emancipation introduced by, 1825, 
 IV. xx. 43 arguments of, against re- 
 peal of the corn laws, xxi. 37 his 
 character, 42 speech of, on the Ca- 
 tholic bill, 1827, 71 on the currency 
 as the cause of agricultural depression, 
 80 motion by, 1828, in favour of Ca- 
 tholic emancipation, 100 vote of, on 
 the address, 1830, xxii. 25 attack on 
 Wellington by, 26 note defends the 
 dissolution of parliament, xxiii. 64 
 presides at the formation of the na- 
 tional political union, 91 called on to 
 resign his seat, V. xxxi. 62. 
 
 Burdwan, railway from Calcutta to, 
 VIII. xlix. 113 note. 
 
 Burger, the poems of, V. xxviii. 34. 
 
 Buigh reform bill for Scotland, the, 
 VI. xxxvi. 5. 
 
 Burghers, the French, discontent among, 
 
 III. xvii. 39 representation of the, in 
 Germany, VIII. liii. 9 views of the, 
 in Vienna, 1848, liv. 23. 
 
 Burgher class, elevation of the, in 
 France, I. i. 7 competition among 
 the, in France, III. xvii. 132 alone 
 represented in France, 133. 
 
 Burgher Guard, formation, &c. of the, 
 in Brussels, IV. xxiv. 73, 74 the Ber- 
 lin, conduct of, VIII. liii. 51, 54 it 
 dissolved, 58, 60 formation of a, in 
 Vienna, liv. 6. 
 
 Burgher party, the, in the Broglie mi- 
 nistry, IV. xxv. 2 their views, ib. 
 ministry from the, 8. 
 
 Burghersh, lord, at the Congress of 
 Verona, II. xii. 11. 
 
 Burgos, advance of the French to, II. 
 xii. 73, 74. 
 
 Burgoyne, general, noticesof, I. ii. 69 note. 
 
 Burgoyne, Sir J., Wellington's letter to, 
 on the defences of the country, VII. 
 xliii. 27 note. 
 
 Burgundy, the Dukes of, Barante's His- 
 tory of, III. xviii. 33. 
 
 Burke, Mr, on capital felonies, I. iv. 84 
 as a speaker in the House of Com- 
 mons, II. xi. 4, 5 on the right basis 
 of representation, VI. xxxvi. 18 note. 
 
 Burmah, origin of the war with, VI. 
 xxxix. 54 aggressions of, 55 mili- 
 tary resources, &c, 56 first opera- 
 tions, and capture of Eangoon. 57 
 
 further operations and successes, 58, 
 59 reverses of the British, 60 re- 
 verses on Arracan frontier, 62 con- 
 flicts before Rangoon, 63, 64 advance 
 on Prome, 65 its capture, 66 storm- 
 ing of Arracan, 67- advance of the 
 British toward Ava, and submission 
 of the court, 70 hostilities renewed, 
 and final defeat of the Burmese, 71 
 conclusion of peace, 72 reflections on 
 the war, 73 it unavoidable, 74 
 army of India at conclusion of the 
 war, 25 undue reduction of force 
 after war with, xl. 1 expense of 
 it, 2 the second war with, and cap- 
 ture of Martaban, VIII. xlix. 114 
 storming of Rangoon, 115 and of 
 Bassein, 116 capture of Prome and 
 Pegu, 117 peace, 118. 
 
 Burn, William, the architect, I. v. 88. 
 
 Burnaga, a member of the Cortes of 
 1822, II. xi. 51. 
 
 Burnes, Sir Alex., mission of, to Dost 
 Mahommed, VI. xl. 41 his difficulties 
 from the parsimony of the govern- 
 ment, 42 opposes the restoration of 
 Shah Soojah, 54, 56 supplies pro- 
 cured for the expedition by, 63 on 
 the feeling in favour of Shah Soojah, 
 64 recommends abandonment of Ca- 
 bul, 92 murder of, 103. 
 
 Burnes, lieut., murder of, at Cabul, VI. 
 xl. 103. 
 
 Burney, Miss, the novels of, I. v. 68. 
 
 Burning of widows, abolition of, in 
 India, VI. xl. 9. 
 
 Burr, colonel, at the battle of Kirkee, 
 
 VI. xxxix. 47. 
 
 Burrell, Sir C, VI. xxxv. 22. 
 Burschenschaft, the, in Germany, V. 
 
 xxvii. 29. 
 Burton, judge, trial of O'Connell before, 
 
 VII. xii. 72. 
 
 Burtsdorff, general, at the assault of 
 Akhalzikh, III. xv. 80 relief of 
 Akhalzikh by, 88 again relieves it, 
 89 operations under, 1829, 90, 91 
 attacks Milli-Duz, 93 subsequent 
 movements, 94 at battle of Kainly, 
 96, 97 advance of, to Hassan-Kale, 
 101 occupies Baibout, 104 defeated 
 and wounded at Khart, 105. 
 
 Bury, rates of mortality in, 1S41, VII. 
 xii. 17 note. 
 
 Bushe, Mr, becomes solicitor-general for 
 Ireland, II. x. 115. 
 
 Bussewitz, M. do, royal commissioner to 
 provincial estates of Prussia, V. xxvii. 
 65. 
 
 Bussolengo, abandonment of, by the 
 Austrians, VIII. hi. 38. 
 
 Butcher meat, first fall of, on the new 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 3D 
 
 tariff, 1842, VII. xli. 55 fall in prices 
 of, 1852, &c, VIII. lvi. 24. 
 
 Butler, Mr, on the legality of a Catholic 
 sitting in parliament, IV. xxi. 114. 
 
 Butter, foreign, proposed reduction of 
 duty on, VII. xlii. 49 increased con- 
 sumption of, 1843-6, xliii. 70 note. 
 
 Butterby, insurrectionary movement at, 
 I. iv. 14. 
 
 Buxton, Mr Fowell, petition from silk- 
 weavers presented by, III. xix. 49 
 advocacy of negro emancipation by, 
 V. xxxi. 87 arguments of, for im- 
 mediate emancipation, 97 motion by, 
 on the compensation to the slave- 
 owners, 99 on the increase of the 
 slave trade, 107, VII. xliii. 14, 18. 
 
 Bygrave, captain, VIII. xlviii. 100. 
 
 Byng, Sir John, commander of forces in 
 Ireland, 1830, IV. xxiii. 6 note. 
 
 Byng, Mr, banquet to, in Drury Lane 
 Theatre, VI. xxxvi. 55. 
 
 Byron, lord, the works of, I. v. 11 his 
 merits and defects, 12 his dramas, 
 and Don Juan, 13 his conversation 
 &c, ib. note on Castlereagh's death, 
 
 II. x. 154 note arrival of, in Greece, 
 
 III. xiv. 100 his efforts to allay the 
 dissensions, 101. 
 
 Byzantine empire, disastrous effects of 
 conquest of, IV. xxvi. 4 cause of the 
 decay of the, V. xxxii. 1. 
 
 Bzoski, M., massacre in chateau of, VII. 
 xlvi. 22. 
 
 c 
 
 Ca Ira, secret society called, V. xxx. 42 
 note. 
 
 Cabet, M., arrest of, V. xxix. 77 a 
 leader of the socialist demonstration, 
 VIII. 1. 52 a party to insurrection of 
 15th May, 70 appointed by mob to 
 provisional government, 73. 
 
 Cabul, route to India by, VI, xl. 19 
 arrival of the British expedition at, 65 
 entrance of the British into, 74 
 force accumulated in, 76 force left 
 in, 78 quarters of the troops at, 80 
 growing discontent in, 81 advance of 
 Dost Mahommed on, 91 state of 
 affairs at, 99 forces in and around 
 it, 100 infatuation of defensive ar- 
 rangements, 101 conduct of the 
 British, 102 commencement of the 
 insurrection at, and murder of Burnes, 
 103 capture of commissariat fort, 
 105 and of stores, 106 storming of 
 Mahommed Shereef's fort, 108 . 
 jealousy between leaders, 109 storm- 
 ing of the Rickabashee fort, 110 
 action on the heights, 112 arguments 
 for removal into the Bala-Hissar, 115 
 defeat of the British at Beh-Meru, 
 117 etseq negotiations, 11 9 capitula- 
 tion, 121 the retreat from, 128 et seq. 
 views of Ellenborough regarding 
 advance to, VIII. xlviii. 81 and of 
 Pollock, Nott, &c, 83 advance re- 
 solved on, ib. advance of Pollock 
 toward, 87 march of Nott to, and his 
 arrival, 97 destruction of the Bazaar, 
 98. 
 
 Cabul river, the, VIII. xlix. 1. 
 
 Cachar, entry of the Burmese into, VI. 
 xxxix. 61. 
 
 Cadiz, the duke de, marriage of Isabella 
 of Spain to, VII. xlvi. 46. 
 
 Cadiz, former importance of the trade of, 
 II. vii. 7, 8 composition, &c. of the 
 Cortes of 1812 at, 20 declared a 
 free port, 51 efforts of the liberals 
 of, to win over the troops in the 
 Isle of Leon, 56 the insurrection at, 
 57 at first arrested, 58 measures 
 of government against the revolt, 60 
 the yellow fever at, 61 first attempt 
 of the revolted troops on, 64 massacre 
 at, 74 refuses to receive the governor 
 appointed by the king, xi. 44, 45 the 
 authorities of, defy the government, 
 47, 48 republican conspiracy at, and 
 its suppression, 68 retreat of the 
 Cortes with the king to, xii. 78- the 
 revolutionary forces in, 79 strength, 
 &c. of the revolutionists in, 80 pro- 
 gress of siege, 84 assault of the 
 Trocadero, 85 negotiations at, and 
 assault of Santa Petri, 88 deliverance 
 of the king and dissolution of the 
 Cortes, 89. 
 
 Cadore, capture of, by the Austrians, 
 VIII. lii. 59. 
 
 Caen, resistance to the new valuation in, 
 
 VII. xliv. 61. 
 
 CafftS, trial and death of, for the insurrec- 
 tion at Thouars, II, xi. 19. 
 
 Caffi, signor, execution of, and excite- 
 ment caused by it, VIII. lii. 24. 
 
 Caffraria, British, ravaged by the Caffres, 
 
 VIII. lvi. 49. 
 
 Caffre war, its origin and first disasters, 
 VIII. lvi. 48 its progress, 49 ter- 
 mination, 50 subsequent transactions, 
 51. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 40 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Cahors, resistance to the valuation in, 
 
 VII. xliv. 61. 
 Caiffa, evacuation of, by the Egyptians, 
 
 V. xxxii. 73. 
 
 Caille, M., embassy of, to Mehemet Ali, 
 
 VI. xxxiv. 54. 
 
 Calabria, the duke of, II. vii. 108. 
 
 Calais, journey of Louis Philippe to, 
 1832, V. xxx. 20. 
 
 Calamata, proclamation of the Greek in- 
 surgents from, III. xiv. 22 organisa- 
 tion of the insurrection at, 28 opera- 
 tions of Ibrahim at, 158. 
 
 Calatrava, seiior, a leader in the Cortes 
 of 1820, II. vii. 84 new society headed 
 by, xi. 49 opposes the law against the 
 press, 50 a member of the Spanish 
 committee in France, IV. xxiv. 66. 
 
 Calcraf't, Mr, motion by, on the salt tax, 
 II. x. 143. 
 
 Calcutta, ravages of cholera in, VI. 
 xxxix. 50 -depression at, after the 
 Affghanistau disaster, VIII. xlviii. 52 
 various roads from, xlix. 113 note 
 railroad to Burdwan, ib. 
 
 Calderon, the conde de, appointed to 
 command at Cadiz, II. vii. 59 made 
 prisoner by the insurgent troops, 64. 
 
 Calerji, M., VII. xlvi. 56. 
 
 Calhoun, Mr, views of, on the bank 
 question, VI. xxxvii. 19. 
 
 Calico printers, strike of the, 1834, in 
 Glasgow, &c, VI. xxxvii. 53. 
 
 Calicoes, printed, proposed reduction of 
 duty on, IV. xxiii. 29 note. 
 
 California, effects of the discovery of the 
 gold-mines of, I. i. 30, 38, 39, 40, VII. 
 xliii. 146, VIII. lvi. 72 their effects 
 on emigration, I. i. 6G and on the 
 price of gold, II. x. 9. 
 
 Caligula, Dumas' drama of, VI. xxxiv. 12. 
 
 Callimachi, Prince Charles, appointed 
 hospodar of Wallachia, III. xiv. 15. 
 
 Callington, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Calmon, M., dismissal of, III. xvii. 30 
 vice-president of the Chamber, V. 
 xxxiii. 55. 
 
 Calves, consumption of, in Paris, 1789- 
 1840, III. xvii. 126 note. 
 
 Calviens, M., I. iii. 129. 
 
 Camarilla, the secret, in France, under 
 Charles X.. Ill.xvi. 5. 
 
 Camarilla, the Spanish, II. vii. 34 
 further arbitrary proceedings of the, 
 37. 
 
 Cambridge, the duke of, VII. xli. 28 
 viceroy of Hanover, measures of, there 
 in 1831, IV. xxv. 34 present during 
 debate on repeal of corn laws, VII. 
 xlii. 48 at Wellington's funeral, VIII. 
 lvi. 77, 79. 
 
 The L 
 
 Cambridge, state of corporation of, VI. 
 xxxvi. 9. 
 
 Cambridgeshire, election of 1830 for, IV 
 xxii. 57. 
 
 Cambronne, general, I. iii. 106 pro- 
 scribed in 1815, 19. 
 
 Camelford, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Camille-Jourdan, M., one of the presi- 
 dents of colleges, I. iii. 132 in the 
 Chamber of 1816, vi. 10 arguments 
 of, for new law of elections, 12 on a 
 proprietary clergy, 36 opposes the 
 law regarding the press, 55 called to 
 the council of state, 82 arguments of, 
 against the re-establishment of the 
 censorship, II. ix. 55 amendment on 
 the new electoral law moved by, 73 
 dismissed from the council of state, 
 87. 
 
 Camp followers, lai'ge proportion of, in 
 India, VI. xxxix. 27. 
 
 Campana, general, II. vii. 107. 
 
 Campbell, Sir John, afterwards lord, the 
 biographical works of, I. v. 52 attor- 
 ney-general, 1835, VI. xxxv. 44 note 
 decision of, on O'Connell's case, VII. 
 xli. 73 on the Maine boundary ques- 
 tion, 89 note chancellor of duchy of 
 Lancaster, 1846, xliii. 4 note. 
 
 Campbell, Sir Archibald, operations of, 
 in Burmah, VI. xxxix. 58 repulse at 
 Kykloo, 60 victory of, before Pan- 
 goon, 64 advances on Prome, 95 
 capture of it, 66 further victories, 68 
 advance of, toward Ava, 70 victory 
 at Milloon, 71. 
 
 Campbell, captain, at Maharajpore, VIII. 
 xlix. 39. 
 
 Campbell, general, at Chillianwallah, 
 VIII. xlix. 100,101. 
 
 Campbell, Thomas, the genius of, I. v. 
 16 his lyrical poems, 17. 
 
 Camphausen, M., ministry of, in Prussia, 
 VIII. liii. 27. 
 
 Campoolie, railway from Bombay to, 
 VIII. xlix. 113 note. 
 
 Campo-Frauco, count, seci'ct marriage of 
 the Duchess de Berri to, V. xxix. 55. 
 
 Campo Verde, general, placed in com- 
 mand at Granada, II. vii. 73. 
 
 Canada, effects of the changes of 1830 
 on, I. i. 9 members proposed to be 
 given to, IV. xxiii. 75 note the old 
 protective system toward, 124 state 
 of, since the reform bill, 148 com- 
 mencement of the troubles in, 1835, 
 VI. xxxvi. 27 demands of the discon- 
 tented in both the provinces, 28 
 opening of the Assembly, and demands 
 of the Opposition, 29 increasing dis- 
 contents of, and settlement of Upper, 
 
 arge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 41 
 
 53 violent proceedings in the Assem- 
 bly of Lower, 54 disturbed state of, 
 xxxvii. 3 affairs of, 1839, 77 diffe- 
 rent temper of Lower and Upper, 78 
 effects of the crusade against the banks 
 in the States, 79 approach of the con- 
 test in Lower, 80 commencement of 
 insurrection, 81 defeats of insurgents, 
 82, 83 effects of these successes, 84 
 insurrection in Upper, 85 advance of 
 the rebels, 86 their defeat, 87 con- 
 duct of the militia, 88 efforts of the 
 American sympathisers to invade, 89 
 burning of the Caroline, 90 these 
 proceedings disclaimed by the Ameri- 
 can government, 91 measures of the 
 home government, 93 report of the 
 committee of the Assembly on the 
 wants of the province, 94 state on 
 Lord Durham's arrival, 95 course 
 followed by him, 96 mistake in the 
 ordinance for transportation of the 
 prisoners, 97 difficulty when they 
 arrived in Bermuda, 98 annulling of 
 Lord Durham's ordinance, 100 he 
 resigns, and is succeeded by Lord 
 Sydenham, 101 his report on it, 102 
 the rebellion again breaks out, 103 
 defeats of the insurgents, 104 and of 
 the American invaders, 105 the latter 
 again defeated, 106 trials of leaders, 
 107 and of American sympathisers, 
 108 great change in institutions of, 
 after the rebellion, 110 effect of this 
 on the local government, 111 growth 
 of, since 1841, 112 reflections on this, 
 113 recent growth of this prosperity, 
 115 contrast in 1838 and at present, 
 116 system of land grants in, xxxviii. 
 11 danger from the rebellion in, 32 
 exports per head to, xxxix. 9 diffi- 
 culties regarding, 1841, VII. xli. 15 
 proportion of children at school in, 81 
 note threatened hostilities between, 
 and the States, 1843, 86 Irish emi- 
 grants to, 1841-55, xliii. 46 note - 
 cry from, for repeal of the navigation 
 laws, VIII. lvi. 6 progress of, com- 
 pared with Australia, 37 note loyalty 
 in, under the new colonial system, 45. 
 
 Canadian timber, proposed reduction of 
 duty on, VII. xli. 47. 
 
 Canals of China, the, VIII. xlviii. 8 
 grant for, in France, 1833, V. xxx. 18 
 and note companies for, 1825, III. 
 xix. 66 note importance of, to India, 
 VI. xxxix. 19 Indian, under Lord 
 Dalhousie, VIII. xlix. 113 and note. 
 
 Canaris, Constantine, attack on the 
 Turkish fleet by, III. xiv, 65 naval 
 victory of, at Tenedos, 78 at the 
 capture of Ipsara, 106 his escape, 
 
 108 defeats 'the Turkish fleet off 
 Samos, 109, 110 daring attack on the 
 Turks by, and wounded, 148. 
 
 Candahar, route to India from the north 
 by, VI. xl. 19, 20 arrival of the 
 British expedition at, 63 reception of 
 Shah Soojah, 64 force left in, 78 
 renewed insurrection at, 95 defeat of 
 the insurgents near, ib. the troops at, 
 ordered up to Cabul, 113 conduct of 
 Nott at, 135 position of the British 
 in, VIII. xlviii. 71 commencement of 
 the revolt at, 72 measures for its se- 
 curity, 74 attack by the Affghans, 75 
 its defence, 76 advance of England 
 to, 84. 
 
 Candeish, close of the Pindarree war in, 
 
 VI. xxxix. 52. 
 
 Candia, the conquest of, by the Turks, 
 III. xiii. 34 massacre by the Turks 
 in, xiv. 47 revictualled by the Turks, 
 59 operations in, 1823, 75, 97 suc- 
 cesses of the Greeks in, 1829, xv. 141 
 excluded from kingdom of Greece, 
 142 still excluded from Greece, V. 
 xxxii. 35. 
 
 Candidates, system of requiring pledges 
 from, under the reform bill,V. xxxi. 25. 
 
 Candles, fall in price of, 1841 to 1845, 
 
 VII. xlii. 35 note proposed reduction 
 of duties on, 49. 
 
 Candole, M. de, an adherent of the 
 Duchess de Berri's, taken prisoner, V. 
 xxix. 43. 
 
 Canea, blockade of the Turks in Crete in, 
 III. xiv. 47, 75 ravages of the plague 
 in, 97 the Turks besieged in, 1829, 
 xv. 141. 
 
 Canning, Mr, return of, from Lisbon, and 
 his appointment to the board of con- 
 trol, I. iv. 26 on the state of the 
 criminal law, 88 et seq. at Aix-la- 
 Chapelle, vi. 61 resignation of, 1821, 
 II. x. 90 speech of, on Catholic eman- 
 cipation, 1821, 95 and in 1822, 124 
 speech of, against parliamentary re- 
 form, 1822, 125, 126 sketch of the 
 career of, xi. 3 note his character as 
 foreign secretary, &c, 3 his peculiar 
 style of eloquence, 4 his defects, 5 
 succeeds Castlereagh as foreign secre- 
 tary, xii. 8 his views on Spain, and 
 French intervention there, 9 instruc- 
 tions of, to Wellington at Verona re- 
 garding the slave trade, 16 and on the 
 Spanish question, 19 his views on it, 
 but resolves on non-interference, 40 
 feelings and views of, on the French 
 invasion of Spain, 64 letters to Cha- 
 teaubriand from, against intervention 
 in Spain, 64 note portrait of him by 
 M. Marcellus, 65 his opinion on the 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 42 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Canning, Mr, continued. 
 
 probable duration of the war, 66 hia 
 admiration of Chateaubriand,65 note 
 continues neutrality with regard to 
 Spain, 78 opposes the intervention of 
 Russia in Spain, 100 views of, in the 
 recognition of the South American re- 
 publics, 101 et seq. his proceedings in 
 pursuance of this, 104 speech of, at 
 Plymouth on the prospect of war, 107 
 on the conduct of the French inva- 
 sion of Spain, 127 negotiations of, in 
 favour of Greece, III. xiv. 143 efforts 
 of, to secure recognition of the South 
 American republics, xvi. 41 appoint- 
 ed minister for foreign affairs, xix. 17 
 formal recognition of the South 
 American states by, 66 altercation be- 
 tween Brougham and, IV. xx. 22 Mr 
 North a protege" of, 24 on the alien 
 act, 29 arguments of, against the Ca- 
 tholic Association, 34 arguments of, 
 for suppression of small notes, xxi. 5, 
 17 heads the pro-Catholic party in 
 1826, 44 speech of, on Portugal, 50 
 etseq. its effect, 54 first brought into 
 the cabinet by Lord Liverpool, 63 
 becomes premier after the retirement 
 of the latter, 64 jealousy of him 
 among the aristocracy, 65 effect of 
 his accession to the premiership, 67 
 speech of, 1827, on the corn laws, 77 
 et seq. on Wellington's opposition to 
 the corn bill, 79 partial disfran- 
 chisement of Penryn proposed by, 83 
 proud position of, 84 his suscep- 
 tible disposition and increasing illness, 
 85 his last illness and death, 86 
 expectations formed of him, 87 he 
 would have disappointed these, 88 
 review of his last acts, 89 his cha- 
 racter as a statesman and orator, 90 
 peerage and grant to his family, 99 
 death of his eldest son, ib. note vote 
 of his party on the address, 1830, xxii. 
 25 they oppose the proposed reduc- 
 tions of the army and navy, 29 their 
 disinclination to reform, 42 Earl 
 Grey's speech against, xxiii. 8 on the 
 dangers of reform, 52, 53 resolutions 
 of, in 1823, regarding slavery, V. xxxi. 
 85 views of, as to the course to bo 
 followed in the West Indies, VI. 
 xxxvii. 131 character of Sir Thomas 
 Munro by, xxxix. 52 Peel's argu- 
 ments for emancipation borrowed 
 from, VII. xli. 5 and the Oregon 
 question, 93 connection of Lord 
 George Bcntinck with, xliii. 65. 
 
 Canning, lord, foreign under-secrctary, 
 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Canning, Mr, afterwards Sir Stratford, 
 
 The L 
 
 terms of accommodation for Greece 
 arranged by, III. xiv. 143 vote of, on 
 the address, 1 830, IV. xxii. 25. 
 
 Canova, the works of, V. xxviii. 75. 
 
 Canrobert, general, character of, VII. 
 xlv. 15. 
 
 Canterbury, the archbishop of, IV. xxiii. 
 91 motion by, on Irish church bill, 
 V. xxxi. 51 at Wellington's funeral, 
 VIII. lvi. 79. 
 
 Cantillon, trial of, for the attempt to 
 assassinate Wellington, I. vi. 73 be- 
 quest by Napoleon to, II. ix. 120. 
 
 Canton, population of, VIII. xlviii. 6 
 powers of viceroy of, 10 opium 
 smuggling at, 22 seizure of it there, 
 and violent proceedings of Lin, 23, 
 24 commencement of hostilities at, 
 25 storming of the forts of, 31, 32 
 opening of, 45. 
 
 Cantons, the Swiss, effects of the differ- 
 ent constitutions, &c. of the, VII. 
 xlvi. 89. 
 
 Cape of Good Hope, state of, since the 
 reform bill, IV. xxiii. 148 the Caf- 
 fres at the, 1841, VII. xli. 15 progress 
 of, compared with Australia, VIII. 
 lvi. 37 note discontent at, 1851, and 
 its causes, 47 the Caffre war, 48 et 
 seq. its termination, 50 subsequent 
 transactions, 51. 
 
 Cape wines, proposed duty on, IV. xxiii. 
 29 note. 
 
 Capefigue, the works of, III. xviii. 39 
 denunciation of Lafayette by, IV. xxv. 
 16. 
 
 Capefigue, M. Angles, murder of, at 
 Madrid, I. iii. 31. 
 
 Capellan, admiral, at the battle of Al- 
 giers, I. ii. 74, 80. 
 
 Capellari, cardinal, accession of, to the 
 Pontificate, IV. xxiv. 87. 
 
 Capelle, M., private secretary to the 
 Count d'Artois, and a member of the 
 Richelieu ministry, II. ix. 44. 
 
 Capelli, Treuta, encounter of Murat 
 with, I. iii. 101 arrests him, 102. 
 
 Capital, accumulation of, during the war 
 in Great Britain, and its effects, I. i. 
 6 effects of the contraction of the 
 currency on, 37 want of, for cultiva- 
 tion in Russia, II. viii. 32 destruc- 
 tion of, in France by the Involution, 
 III. xvii. 131 necessity of combina- 
 tion by labour against, xix. 54 grow- 
 ing antagonism between, and rural 
 industry, IV. xxii. 6 undue influ- 
 ence given to, by the railway system, 
 66 increased influence of, xxiii. 4 
 accumulation of, by the trading classes, 
 163 the struggle between, and labour, 
 in France, xxiv. 4, 5 abundance of, 
 
 urge Roman numerals refer to tlie Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 43 
 
 in France, 1836, V. xxxiii. 46 rise of 
 interest during crises not due to want 
 of, VI. xxxv. 8 effect of want of, on 
 Irish agriculture, xxxvi. 60 predo- 
 minance of, in Great Britain, xxxvii. 3 
 abundance of, during crisis of 1847, 
 VII. xliii. 74 want of, alleged as 
 the cause of the crisis of 1847, 107 
 alleged want of, in England, 149 
 influence of, in agriculture as com- 
 pared with manufactures, 155 de- 
 struction of, in France during the 
 Eevolution, xliv. 39 the struggle of, 
 against labour in France, 78. 
 
 Capitals, progress and splendour of the, 
 in Germany, V. xxvii. 8. 
 
 Capital felonies, number, &c. of, I. iv. 
 83 examples of them, 85. 
 
 Capital offences, number of, in Great 
 Britain, 1822, II. x. 127. 
 
 Capital punishment, Mackintosh on, I. 
 iv. 85, 86 nominal abolition of, in 
 Russia, II. viii. 36 abolition of, 
 save for murder, in England, x. 94 
 frequency of, in the French army, 
 VII. xliii. 26. 
 
 Capitalists, the English, support given 
 to the Spanish revolutionists by, 
 
 II. xii. 7 influence of, IV. xxii. 
 41 effect of the contraction of the 
 currency on, xxiii. 130 their posses- 
 sion of the close boroughs, 131 fall 
 of their predominance with the re- 
 form bill, 134, 135 their predomi- 
 nance, and how obtained, 163 is this 
 the result of a general law ? 165 the 
 reform movement caused by their 
 policy, xxiv. 1 Louis Blanc on, in 
 France, V. xxix. 3 schism between, 
 and the working classes in France 
 after 1830, xxx. 63 hostility of the 
 Chartists directed against, VI. xxxvii. 
 64. See also Moneyed interest. 
 
 Capitan Pacha, the, successes of, in 1823, 
 
 III. xiv. 91 defeat of his fleet near 
 Andros, 125 at the siege of Misso- 
 longhi, 130 his defeat and flight, 131 
 operations of, 1826, 148 defeated 
 by Miaulis, ib. at Navarino, 161, 162 
 at Varna, xv. 61. 
 
 Capitation tax, the, in Russia, II. viii. 
 26 produce, &c. of it there, 47 in 
 Turkey, III. xiii. 19. 
 
 Capo d'lstria, count, III. xv. 27 at 
 Aix - la - Chapelle, I. vi. 61 at the 
 Congress of Troppau, II. viii. 70 a 
 member of the Hetairia, III. xiv. 4, 5 
 becomes president of Greece, xv. 
 14t), 141 settlement of Greece under 
 presidency of, V. xxxii. 33 his over- 
 throw and assassination, 34. 
 
 Capo d'Istria, count Augustin, chosen 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the A rabic 
 
 president after his brother's death, 
 and resistance to him, V. xxxii. 34 
 abdication of, 36. 
 
 Capua, capitulation of, to the Austrians, 
 II. viii. 79. 
 
 Carabil, defeat of Ballasteros at, II. xii. 
 79. 
 
 Carabuso, extirpation of pirates of, III. 
 xv. 141. 
 
 Caraccas, arsenal of, captured by Riego, 
 II. vii. 66. 
 
 Caraman, count, at the Congress of 
 Troppau, II. viii. 70. 
 
 Carascosa, general, II. vii. 107 defen- 
 sive measures of, against the Austrians, 
 viii. 78, 79 escapes, 79. 
 
 Carbonari, origin and history of the, in 
 Italy, II. vii. 105 revolutionary 
 movements of the, 1820, 106 revolu- 
 tionary proceedings of the, in Sicily, 
 110 character of the, in Piedmont, 
 118 disclosures regarding the, on the 
 trial of the Rochelle conspirators, xi. 
 20 plan of, for the escape of the con- 
 demned, 21 efforts of the, in Italv, 
 VII. xlvi. 63 in Lombardy, VIII. 
 Hi. 8. 
 
 Carbonarism, general introduction of, 
 into France, II. xi. 17. 
 
 Carbonneau, arrest and execution of, I. 
 iii. 126. 
 
 Cardinal, a Canadian insurgent, execu- 
 tion of, VI. xxxvii. 107. 
 
 Cardwell, Mr, arguments of, on the mo- 
 netary crisis of 1847, VII. xliii. 79. 
 
 Caretto, engineer to Ali Pacha, treachery 
 of, III. xiv. 55. 
 
 Carignan, the prince of, II. vii. 118 
 appointed Regent of Piedmont, 121 
 at the siege of Cadiz, xii. 85. 
 
 Carlisle, lord, becomes lord privy seal, 
 
 IV. xxi. 91 a member of the Grey 
 cabinet, xxiii. 6 note again lord privy 
 seal, V. xxxi. 129 resignation of, 142. 
 
 Carlisle, riots in, 1826, IV. xxi. 2 dis- 
 tress in, 1841, VII. xii. 19. 
 
 Carlist war, the, in Spain, VII. xlvi. 36. 
 
 Cai - lo- Alberto, embarkation of the 
 Duchess de Berri for France in the, 
 
 V. xxix. 42 its capture, 45. 
 
 Carlos, don, marriage of, to a Portu- 
 guese princess, II. vii. 43 danger of, 
 at Araujuez, xi. 58 the head of the 
 Absolutist party, IV. xxiv. 89 exclu- 
 sion of, from the Spanish crown, VII. 
 xlvi. 36. 
 
 Carlos Louis, the Infant, Parma, &c. 
 assigned to, II. vii. 48. 
 
 Carlovingian princes, Thierry's History 
 of the, III. xviii. 30. 
 
 Carlow, anti-tithe meeting at, 1832, V. 
 xxxi. 21 small amount of tithes 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 44 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Carlow, continued. 
 
 individually due in, 22 effects of the 
 coercion act in, 44 note proclaimed 
 in 1848, VII. xliii. 138. 
 
 Carlowitz, the archbishop of, VIII. liv. 
 42. 
 
 Carlsbad, congress of, and resolutions 
 against liberalism adopted by, V. 
 xxvii. 21. 
 
 Carlsruhe, excitement in, on the French 
 Revolution of 1848, VIII. liii. 20 
 revolutionary outbreak at, 82 occu- 
 pied by the forces of the Confederacy, 
 83. 
 
 Carlyle, Thomas, the works of, I. v. 79. 
 
 Carnac, Sir James, governor of Bombay, 
 
 VI. xl. 17. 
 
 Carnd, M. de, on the French national 
 
 character, VII. xliv. 21. 
 Carnot, M., returned for Paris, 1 842, 
 
 VII. xliv. 80 joins the coalition 
 against the government, xlvii. 18 a 
 member of the provisional govern- 
 ment, 75 note circular of, to the 
 electors, 1848, VIII. 1. 34 votes for, 
 1848, 64 note- minister of public in- 
 struction, 1848, 69 note, 97 note 
 proposed primary instruction mea- 
 sures, lvii. 9 election of, for Paris, 23. 
 
 Carolina d'Arguellos, betrayal of Riego 
 at, II. xii. 87. 
 
 Caroline, queen, omission of her name 
 in the liturgy, and discussion on it, 
 II. x. 42 commencement of troubles 
 about, 76 sketch of her previous 
 life, 77 her conduct abroad, and pro- 
 ceedings in consequence of it, 78 
 omission of her name in the liturgy, 
 and her return to England, 79 her 
 reception there, 80 failure of fresh 
 negotiations, and commencement of 
 the inquiry, 83 her trial, 84 et seq. 
 her defence, and failure of the bill, 
 87 withdrawal of the bill, ib. first 
 enthusiasm in her favour, 8ii and 
 rapid reaction, 89 demand of, for 
 her coronation, 106 is refused ad- 
 mittance to it, and her death, 109 
 her funeral, 111 conduct of George 
 IV. toward, IV. xxii. 49. 
 
 Caroline, ex-queen of Naples, last letter 
 of Murat to, I. iii. 103 origin of the 
 Carbonari under, 11. vii. 105. 
 
 Caroline of Naples, marriage of the 
 Duke de Berri to, I. vi. 27, II. ix. 33 
 the assassination of her husband, 
 35 during his last moments, 36 
 ct seq. Sec Berri, duchesse de. 
 
 Caroline, capture and burning of the, 
 VI. xxxvii. 90. 
 
 Carou, colonel, insurrection at Colinar 
 under, 11. xi. 23 his execution, U>. 
 
 The La 
 
 Carpenitza, defeat of the Turks by Boz- 
 zaris at, III. xiv. 95. 
 
 Carrel, Armand, character, &c. of, as a 
 republican leader, V. xxix. 18 mis- 
 sion of, to Rouen, on behalf of the 
 Duke of Orleans, IV. xxiv. 15 efforts 
 of, to win Clausel to the insurgents, 
 V. xxix. 69 and the revolt at Lyons, 
 xxx. 43 demanded as counsel by the 
 prisoners for treason, xxxiii. 19 21 
 arrested as an accomplice of Fieschi's, 
 34 arguments of, against the pro- 
 posed repressive laws, 39 et seq. 
 
 Carrel, one of the conspirators at BeTort, 
 II. xi. 18. 
 
 Carrelot, general, appointed to com- 
 mand round Paris, VIII. lvii. 34. 
 
 Carriages, proposed reduction of duties 
 on, VII. xlii. 49. 
 
 Carrickfergus, increase of, since the 
 Union, V. xxxi. 124 note. 
 
 Carthagena, arbitrary arrest, &e. of 
 royalists at, II. xi. 31 the Com- 
 muneros in, 40 surrender of, to the 
 French, xii. 79 violence of the royal- 
 ists in, 81. 
 
 Carthagenian war, true cause of the de- 
 termination of the, II. x. 6. 
 
 Cartwright, colonel, during the mutiny 
 at Barrackpore, VI. xxxix. 76. 
 
 Carvajal, general, illegal appointment 
 of, by the king, II. vii. 90. 
 
 Carysfort, the, at Acre, V. xxxii. 72. 
 
 Carystos, the Turks shut up in, III. xiv- 
 91 relieved, ib. 9S, 104. 
 
 Casa del Campo, defeat and surrender 
 of the Guard at, II. xi. 67. 
 
 Casa-Irugo, marquis, becomes premier, 
 
 II. xii. 95 note. 
 
 Casavia, treachery of, at Dragaschan, 
 
 III. xiv. 33. 
 
 Cash payments, effects of the suspension 
 of, I. i. 34 prolongation of the suspen- 
 sion,' ii. 45 discussion in parliament 
 regarding it, 46 ct seq. reflections on 
 it, 53 debates on the resumption, 
 1818, iv. 33 ct seq. 57 petition from 
 Bristol against it, 58, 59 and from 
 London, 61 the great debate on it, 
 62 et seq. decision of parliament, 78 
 reflections on the subject, 79 
 causes which brought it about, II. 
 x. 14 dangers with which attended, 
 17 its disastrous effects, 21 debate 
 on it, 1821, 100 and 1S22, 131 et seq. 
 political changes in progress from 
 it, 158 small notes resumed during 
 suspension, IV. xxi. 6 fall of prices 
 caused by resumption, and influence 
 of this in compelling the remission of 
 taxes, xxii. 40 the resumption as lead- 
 ing to reform, xxiii. 128 suspension 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 45 
 
 of, in the United States during the 
 war with England, VI. xxxvii. 5 
 their resumption, ib. suspension of, 
 by Bank of France, 1848, VIII. 1. 24 
 effects of this, 25, 26 extended to 
 country banks, 26 and by the French 
 savings banks, 45 suspended in Bel- 
 gium, 1848, liii. 18. 
 
 Cashel, arrears of tithes in diocese of, 
 V. xxxi. 15 tithe murders, &c. at, 19. 
 
 Cashmere, included in the old Douranee 
 empire, VI. xl. 23 Sikh population 
 of, VIII. xlix. 51,52. 
 
 Casos, subjugation of island of, by the 
 Turks, III. xiv. 104. 
 
 Caspian Sea, Russia established on the, 
 III. xiii. 69, VI. xl. 29. 
 
 Cassagnac, general, VIII. lvii. 46. 
 
 Cassandra, insurrection in, III. xiv. 28 
 ravages of the Turks in, 38 forcing 
 of the lines of, and massacre at, 
 46. 
 
 Cassaro, prince de, VII. xlvi. 85. 
 
 Cassay, M., II. xi. 69. 
 
 Cassel, society for liberty of the press 
 at, V. xxx. 23. See Hesse-Cassel. 
 
 Cassius, mount, V. xxxii. 6. 
 
 Castanos, general, invasion of France in 
 1815 by, II. vii. 40 suppression of 
 revolt in Barcelona by, 46 removed 
 by the Liberals from his government, 
 73. 
 
 Castelbajac, M. de, I. iii. 129 on the 
 endowment of the clergy, 118 argu- 
 ments of, against the new law of elec- 
 tion, vi. 14 and against the new 
 laws regarding personal freedom and 
 the liberty of the press, 21 speech 
 of, on the law regarding the press, II. 
 xi. 15. 
 
 Castelfollit, capture of, by Mina, II. xi. 
 75. 
 
 Castellamare, capture of, by the Sicilian 
 revolutionists, II. vii. 1 10 recaptured, 
 111. 
 
 Castellane, M. de, arguments of, for 
 change in the electoral law, I. vi. 88. 
 
 Castellane, madame de, married to 
 Fouche, I. iii. 39, 40. 
 
 Castes, prevalence of, in Russia, II. viii. 
 25. 
 
 Castile, guerilla and robber bands in, 
 II. vii. 35 New, disturbances in, 
 1819, II. vii. 54 Old, secret royalist 
 committee in, 80 reception of the 
 decree against the priests in, 89. 
 
 Castle Pollard, outrage at, 1831, IV. 
 xxiii. 99. 
 
 Castle Rising, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Castlereagh, lord, arguments of, for con- 
 tinuance of the income tax, I. ii. 16 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 his error, 21 on the budget for 1816, 
 28 on agricultural distress, 1816, 41 
 on the detention of Napoleon at St 
 Helena, 59 views of, in the negotia- 
 tions, iii. 47 measures of, against the 
 Radical movements in 1817, iv. 13 
 committee on income moved by, SO 
 on the state of the criminal law, 88 
 et seq. arguments of, for the foreign 
 enlistment bill, 96 et seq. at Aix-la- 
 Chapelle, vi. 61 efforts of, on behalf 
 of Poland in 1815, II. viii. 3 decla- 
 ration of, regarding the Congress of 
 Laybach, 72, 76 impression made on 
 the Radical leaders by, x. 36 the six 
 acts introduced in the Commons by, 
 35 negotiation with the queen, 83 
 at her trial, 84 firmness of, after her 
 acquittal, 90 on the effect of her 
 trial, 106 at the coronation of George 
 IV., 108 bills for pacification of Ire- 
 land, 1823, 123 measures for relief of 
 the agricultural distress, 129, 130 
 opposes Mr Western's motion on the 
 currency, 131 on the salt tax, 143 
 reductions of taxation, 1822, 144 on 
 the small notes bill, 149 death of, 
 154 his character, 155 his firmness, 
 156 his domestic policy, 157 the 
 last of the true rulers of England, 160 
 his duel with Canning, xi. 3 note 
 intended as representative at the Con- 
 gress of Verona, xii. 11 last instruc- 
 tions of, on the Spanish question, 19 
 his views on the corn laws adopted 
 by Peel, VII. xli. 5 on the Oregon 
 question, 93. 
 
 Castlereagh, lady, at the Congress of 
 Aix-la-Chapelle, I. vi. 62. 
 
 Castletown, collision between the pea- 
 autry and the police at, IV. xxi. 118. 
 
 Castor, the, at Acre, V. xxxii. 72. 
 
 Castro, Perez de, minister of the exte- 
 rior in 1820, II. vii. 75. 
 
 Catalani, madame, at the Congress of 
 Aix-la-Chapelle, I. vi. 62. 
 
 Catalonia, brigandage in, II. vii. 35 
 royalist insurrection in, xi. 55, 60 
 successes of the royalists in, 73 
 continued civil war in, xii. 83 in- 
 vaded bv refugees in 1830, and their 
 defeat, IV. xxiv. 68. 
 
 Catania, capture of, by the Neapolitans, 
 VIII. Iii. 108. 
 
 Cathcart, general, operations of, against 
 the Caffres, VIII. lvi. 50. 
 
 Cathelineau, statue of, mutilated, V. 
 xxix. 42 death of his son, 49. 
 
 Catherine, the empress, on the French 
 revolution, I. i. 3 schools established 
 by, and her views on them, II. viii. 21 
 gains of Russia under, 54 note views 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 4G 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Catherine, continued. 
 
 of, on Constantinople, III. xiii. 75 
 intrigues of, in Greece, 76 share of 
 Poland secured by, IV. xxvi. 6. 
 
 Catholics, the, strength of, in the re- 
 formed parliament, V. xxxi. 27 of 
 Belgium, jealousy between, and the 
 Dutch Protestants, IV. xxiv. 70 
 dissensions between, and the Protes- 
 tants in Prussia, 1848, VIII. liii. 27. 
 See Roman Catholics, &c. 
 
 Catholic agitation, effect of the, in in- 
 ducing the cry for reform, IV. xxii. 5. 
 
 Catholic Association, formation, &c. of 
 the, in Ireland, III. xix. 60 rise of 
 it, IV. xx. 26 its real objects, 27 
 bill for repression of, and debate 
 on it, 33 it is carried, and evaded, 
 
 42 new, and its objects, &c, ib 
 
 increased vigour of the, xxi. Ill 
 entire command of the forty-shilling 
 freeholders obtained by it, 113 in- 
 creased power and pretensions of the, 
 115 orders the suspension of the 
 great meetings, 116 interferes to sup- 
 press insurrection, 118 the king on 
 the bill against it, 121 declaration of, 
 regarding the forty-shillingfrceholders, 
 126 declaration in King's speech 
 against it, 128 bill for its suppression 
 passed, 129 Peel on the difficulties 
 with regard to it, 135 inefficiency of 
 the bill for its suppression, ib. Sir 
 R. Inglis on it, 141 acquiesce in the 
 bill for disfranchising the forty-shil- 
 ling freeholders, 151 revival of, in 
 Ireland, VI. xxxvi. 44. 
 
 Catholic emancipation, effects of, as re- 
 gards reform, I. i. 6 debate on, 1821, 
 II. x. 95 ardour with which advocat- 
 ed, 117 urged by the liberals as the 
 remedy for the state of Ireland, IV. xx. 
 17 its effects, 1 8 debate on, 1 824, 22 
 the real object of the Catholic Asso- 
 ciation, 27 bill carried in the Com- 
 mons for, 1825, 43 rejected in the 
 Lords, 44 remote cause of, xxi. 17, 19 
 rejection of the bill, 1827, 71 Peel's 
 speech against it, 72 et seq, majority 
 on, 1828, 100 majority against it in 
 the Peers, ib. King's speech on, 128 
 arguments for bill in Commons, 
 130 et seq. and against it, 140 etseq. 
 division on it, 117 speech of Wel- 
 lington in the Lords, 148 carried 
 there, 149 a victory of the educated 
 classes over the people, 158 it was 
 aided by the contraction of the cur- 
 rency and the power of the Catholic 
 clergy, 159 difference between its 
 results and what was predicted, 160 
 it was a wise and great measure, 161 
 
 The L 
 
 spirit in which received by the 
 Catholics, 163 how it failed, 164 its 
 beneficial effects on the English go- 
 vernment, 165 would equally have 
 failed if earlier or more complete, 166 
 retribution brought on both par- 
 ties by it, 167 it induced the re- 
 form bill, 168 division among the 
 Tories caused by, xxii. 6 its in- 
 fluence in increasing the desire for 
 reform, 7 failure of, to pacify Ire- 
 land, 58 influence of, in inducing the 
 fall of the Wellington ministry, xxiii. 
 3 increase of crime in Ireland with, 
 V. xxxi. 30 and note. 
 
 Catholic party, gains of the, in Ireland 
 by the elections of 1826, IV. xxi. 45. 
 
 Catholic question, the, debate on, 1822, 
 II. x. 124 during the elections of 1 826, 
 IV. xxi. 44 increasing importance of, 
 111 decided views of the king on, 
 121 first yielding in the cabinet on, 
 123 Peel on the disunion caused by, 
 131 and on the vacillations in the 
 Commons on it, 1 32 effect of its un- 
 settled state on Ireland, 134 Peel's 
 change of view on, VII. xli. 2. 
 
 Catholic Rent, collection of, by the 
 Catholic Association, IV. xx. 27. 
 
 Catholicism, alleged political tendencies 
 of, IV. xxi. 73. 
 
 Cato Street conspiracy, history of the, 
 II. x. 44 et seq. arrest and execution 
 of the conspirators, 47, 48. 
 
 Catolica, prince, murder of, at Palermo, 
 II. vii. 111. 
 
 Cattle, exports of, from Germany, V. 
 xxvii. 7 imported, proposed reduction 
 of duty on, VII. xli. 47 note. 
 
 Caucasus, the, the Russian army of, II. 
 viii. 48 the range of, III. xiii. 59 as 
 a military barrier, 60 the passes 
 through it, 61 the tribes inhabiting, 
 their character, habits, &c, 65 
 Russian intervention in, 68 their 
 establishment in it, 69 wars between 
 Russia and the native tribes, 70, 71 
 progress of Russia to the south of, xv. 
 3. 
 
 Cauchy, M., announces his sentence to 
 Ney, I. iii. 88. 
 
 Caulaincourt, M., heads the Napoleonists 
 in 1819, II. ix. 28. 
 
 Caussidiere, M., account of the scene at 
 the Hotel de Villc by, VIII. 1. 5 con- 
 spiracy in favour of, 57 votes for, 
 1848, 64 note at the meeting of the 
 Assembly, 65 resignation of, 74 re- 
 turned to Assembly, 77 implicated in 
 the revolt of June, li. 2 withdraws to 
 England, ib. 
 
 Caux, M. de, becomes minister-at-war, 
 
 ar'je Roman numerals reft? to lie Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 47 
 
 III. xvi. 73 on the state of the army, 
 90. 
 
 Cavan, proclaimed in 1848, VII. xliii. 
 138. 
 
 Cavaignac, general, created a peer, VI. 
 xxxiv. 62 character of, VII. xlv. 13, 
 14 defeats Abd-el-Kadr at Cherchell, 
 23 surrender of Abd-el-Kadr to, 45 
 votes for, 1848, VIII. 1. 64 note- 
 appointed minister-at-war, 74 forces 
 under, against the revolt of June, 83 
 his preparations and plans, 84 
 appointed dictator, 85 his measures 
 against the insurgents, 86 et seq. con- 
 tinuation of dictatorship to, 97 his 
 ministry, ib. note first measures of 
 his government, 98 advocates con- 
 tinuance of state of siege, li. 6 con- 
 test between him and Louis Napoleon 
 for presidency, 21 -his position and 
 views, 22 his address to the electors, 
 23 measures at Rome, 28 results 
 of election, 29 conduct of, on Louis 
 Napoleon's election, 30 on the re- 
 version of the constitution, lvii. 39 
 votes for the motion of the quEestors, 
 44 arrested, 48. 
 
 Cavaignac, M., V. xxx. 47 note and the 
 Duke of Orleans, IV. xxiv. 33 trial 
 of, 1831, and disturbances caused by it, 
 xxv. 55 refuses to plead, V. xxxiii. 
 21. 
 
 Cavalry, the Turkish, III. xiii. 45 in 
 1828, xv. 44, 45. 
 
 Cavalry horses, importation of, into 
 France, III. xvii. 128. 
 
 Cavendish, lord, on the budget for 1816, 
 I. ii. 25. 
 
 Cayenne, transportation of the insurgents 
 of June to, VIII. 1. 94. 
 
 Cavla, the countess du, influence of, over 
 the king, II. ix. 107, xii. 120, 122. 
 
 Cayley, Mr, motion by, on the currency, 
 1835, VI. xxxvi. 20 on the losses by 
 the crisis of 1847, VII. xliii. 115 and 
 note on the diminished supply of 
 cotton, 116. 
 
 Cazet, M., French missionary in Tahiti, 
 VII. xli. 98. 
 
 Cecaldo, Colonna, reception of Murat by, 
 I. iii. 98. 
 
 Cedars of Lebanon, the, V. xxxii. 6. 
 
 Celts, persistent character of the, I. i. 60 
 the invasion of Austria by, VIII. 
 liii. 3. 
 
 Celtic races, characteristics of the, IV. 
 xx. 7. 
 
 Censorship, the, reinstituted on the 
 second restoration in France, I. iii. 17 
 new scheme of, proposed, vi. 20 law 
 abolishing, II. ix. 10 discussion 
 on its proposed re - establishment, 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 55 et seq. it is carried, 59 new law 
 regarding the, 103 discussion on it, 
 1 04 abolition of it, 1824, III. xvi. 7 
 re-established, 57 et seq. 68 new 
 powers given to it, 1835, V. xxxiii. 43 
 relaxation of it in Piedmont, VII. 
 xlvi. 79 partial removal of it, in 
 Prussia, V. xxvii. 71. 
 
 Census, the, of 1831, adopted as the 
 basis of the new reform bill, IV. xxiii. 
 931851, VIII. lvi. 34. 
 
 Central America, British exports to, II. 
 xii. 1 05 note. 
 
 Central Europe, agitated state of, 1848, 
 VIII. liii. 1. 
 
 Central government, influence of the 
 railway system on the, IV. xxii. 65. 
 
 Central police, proposed, for repression 
 of strikes, III. xix. 58 et seq. 
 
 Centralisation, influence of the railway 
 system on, IV. xxii. 66 general 
 corruption produced by, in France, 
 xxv. 41 increasing, in France, V. 
 xxix. 1 completeness of, in China, 
 VIII. xlviii. 10. 
 
 Centralising system, influence of the, 
 in France, IV. xxv. 104. 
 
 Centre, the, in the Chamber of Deputies, 
 1834, V. xxxiii. 12. 
 
 Centuries, representation by, in ancient 
 Rome, VI. xxxvi. 18. 
 
 Cephissus, defeat of the Turks at, III. 
 xiv. 92. 
 
 Cereals, comparative productiveness of, 
 and of the potato, VII. xlii. 37 dimi- 
 nished produce of, in Ireland, 1849-53, 
 VII. xliii. 160 note See Wheat, &c. 
 
 Ceruti, Don Ramon, a leader of the re- 
 publican conspiracy at Cadiz, II. xi. 68. 
 
 Cervera, desperate assault and capture 
 of, II. xi. 57. 
 
 Cesena, defeat of the Romagnese insur- 
 gents at, V. xxix. 27. 
 
 Cevallos, Don Pedro, appointment of, to 
 the ministry in Spain, II. vii. 41. 
 
 Ceylon, increased production of coffee in, 
 V. xxxi. 106. 
 
 Chabellon, cholera unknown in, V. xxix. 
 32 note. 
 
 Chabrol, M. de, III. xvi. 73 minister of 
 finance, 91 character of, xvii. 5 re- 
 signation of, 50. 
 
 Chacon, the betrayer of Porlier, murder 
 of, II. vii. 69. 
 
 Chalmers, Dr, the works of, I. v. 84 
 , proceedings of, on the veto act, VI. 
 xxxvii. 74 maintenance of old Scotch 
 pooi'-law by, VII. xlii. 28 note. 
 
 Chalons, riot at, on the funeral of the 
 Duke de la Rochefoucauld, III. xvi. 
 61 Louis Philippe at, IV. xxv. 56 
 insurrection at, 1834, V. xxx. 47. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 48 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Chamber of Commerce, the, at Paris, 
 declaration of, against the wages tariff, 
 V. xxix. 9. 
 
 Chambers, colonel, defeat of insurgent 
 Ghilzyes by, VI. xl. 98. 
 
 Chambers, the Belgian, the meeting of, 
 1830, IV. xxiv. 76. 
 
 Chambers, difficulties regarding the con- 
 vocation of, in 1815, I. hi. 13 how 
 secured on behalf of government of 
 Louis Philippe, V. xxx. 3. See 
 Deputies, Peers. 
 
 Chambers, the Polish, IV. xxvi. 10. 
 
 Cuambray, defeat of French revolu- 
 tionists at, VIII. lii. 30. 
 
 Chambre des Deputes, grant for, V. 
 xxx. 18 note. 
 
 Chambrier, M., account of the secret 
 societies in Switzerland by, V. xxxiii. 
 67. 
 
 Chamco, mother of Ali Pacha, III. xiii. 
 78 note. 
 
 Champ de Mars, catastrophe in the, on 
 the marriage of the Duke of Orleans, 
 
 V. xxxiii. 89. 
 
 Champagne, progress of Louis Philippe 
 through, IV. xxv. 56. 
 
 Champlatreaux, Count Mold's fete at, VI. 
 xxxiv. 15. 
 
 Champs Elysee's, expenditure on obelisk 
 in the, V. xxxiii. 59. 
 
 Chancellors, Campbell's Lives of the, I. 
 v. 62, 
 
 Chancery, court of, accumulation of 
 business in the, IV. xx. 32 Brougham 
 as a judge in, xxiii. 12. 
 
 Chancery reform, measures of, 1825, 
 IV. xx. 32. 
 
 Chandos, marquess of, motion by, for ad- 
 mission of tenants-at-will, IV. xxiii. 76 
 hisclause retained in new reform bill, 
 93 motion for repeal of malt tax by, 
 
 VI. xxxv. 26 motion by, on agricul- 
 tural distress, 1835, xxxvi. 20 and 
 for agricultural relief, 49 supports 
 ministers on the Irish coercion bill, 
 
 VII. xlii. 81. 
 
 Changarnier, general, during the retreat 
 from Constantine, V. xxxiii. Ill 
 character of, VII. xlv. 11, 12 ap- 
 pointed to command at Milianah, 25 
 during the revolt of March 1858, VIII. 
 1. 60, 61 returned to National Assem- 
 bly, 77 appointed to command Na- 
 tional Guard, 97 note votes for, as 
 president, li. 29 and the Garde 
 Mobile, lvii. 13 suppresses the in- 
 surrection of June 1S49, 17 at 
 Bugeaud's funeral, 19- supports the 
 enlarged settlement on the president, 
 28 joins coalition against Louis 
 Napoleon, 30 the review at Satory, 
 
 The La 
 
 ib. rupture with the president, 31 
 his dismissal resolved on, 33 super- 
 seded, 34 votes for the motion of the 
 quaestors, 44 on the evening of the 
 coup d'etat, 48 arrested, ib. 
 
 Change, general passion for, in France, 
 I. iii. 2 causes of it, III. xvii. 99 
 constancy of, in human affairs, I. iv. 1. 
 
 Channel, proposed railway from Paris to 
 the, VII. xVw. 79. 
 
 Channel Islands, newspapers published 
 in, 1782, 1790, and 1821, II. x. 126 
 note members proposed to be given 
 to the, IV. xxiii. 75 note garrison 
 needed by the, VII. xliii. 27 note. 
 
 Channing, Dr, on the state, &c. of the 
 United States, VI. xxxvii. 32 note. 
 
 Chantelauze, M., becomes keeper of the 
 seals, III. xvii. 50 proposes the coup- 
 d'etat, 53 report on the ordonnances 
 by, 54 et seq. arrest of, IV. xxiv. 60 
 demeanour of, before trial, xxv. 4 
 and at it, 6 defended by M. Sauzet, 11 
 sentence of, 12 liberation of, V. 
 xxxiii. 73. 
 
 Chantrey, the works of, I. v. 97. 
 
 Chapalangarra, defeat and death of, 1830, 
 IV. xxiv. 68. 
 
 Chapman, Sir Stephen, difficulty of, 
 regarding the Canadian prisoners, VI. 
 xxxvii. 98. 
 
 Chapoo, capture of, by the British, VIII. 
 xlviii. 39. 
 
 Charbonnel, M., death of, VIII. 1. 91. 
 
 Chardel, M., III. xvii. 67 note, 74 note. 
 
 Charekas, destruction of the Goorkha 
 regiment at VI. xl. 114 destruction 
 of, VIII. xlviii. 99. 
 
 Charette, M. de, III. xvii. 98 letter 
 from the Duchess de Berri to, V. xxix. 
 48. 
 
 Charitable funds, abuse of, in the old 
 corporations, VI. xxxvi. 9. 
 
 Charitable trusts, &c, committee of the 
 House of Commons on, I. iv. 46. 
 
 Charities, Irish; grants to, since the 
 Union, V. xxxi. 124 note. 
 
 Charleroi, terms of treaty of Aix-la-Cha- 
 pelle regarding, I. vi. 69. 
 
 Charles I., parallel between case of, and 
 of Charles X. in 1830, III. xvii. 103. 
 
 Charles II., the navigation act confirmed 
 under, III. xix. 20. 
 
 Charles IV. of Spain, death of, II. vii. 
 52 alleged alteration of the order of 
 succession by, IV. xxiv. 90. 
 
 Charles X., advantages of, on his acces- 
 sion, 111. xvi. 1 his character, 2 
 his defects, 3 secret camarilla by 
 which governed, 5 his entry into 
 Paris, 6 proposes the abolition of 
 the censorship, 7 dangers of his 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 49 
 
 abolishing the censorship, 8 increas- 
 ing influence of the Jesuits, 9 ad- 
 dresses, &c, on his accession, 12 
 ordonnance regarding the army, 13 
 opening of the Chambers, and his 
 speech, 14 settlement on, 16 coron- 
 ation of, 36 recognition of the in- 
 dependence of St Domingo, 40 re- 
 view of the National Guard, and his 
 reception, 62 disbands it, 63 his 
 conduct in doing so, 65 ordonnance 
 re-establishing the censorship, 68 
 new creation of peers, and dissolution 
 of the Chambers, 69 dissolution of 
 the Villele ministry, 73 his want of 
 confidence in the Martignac ministry, 
 76 his answer to the address, 77 
 ordonnances against the Jesuits, 81 
 preparations for change of ministry, 
 88 meeting of the Chambers, and his 
 speech, 84 his secret joy at the 
 defeat of ministers, 88 conversation 
 with M. de Caux, 90 appoints Prince 
 Polignac premier, 91 early intimacy 
 of Prince Polignac with, xvii. 1 his 
 confidence in La Bourdonnaye, 3 and 
 in Bourmont, 4 attacks of the press 
 on him, 6 Memoir on the state of 
 the country laid before him, 13 et seq. 
 opening of the Chambers, 1830, 20 
 the address, 21 his answer to it, 
 31 prorogues the Chambers, 31, 32 
 his plans, 32 dissolves the Chambers, 
 50 coup d'etat resolved on, 52, 53 
 report on the ordonnances, 54 et seq. 
 the ordonnances, 58 signs the ordon- 
 nances, 59 his security on the first 
 disturbances, 65 his firmness, 75 - 
 decisive resolution of the liberal chiefs 
 against, 79 mission from the liberals 
 to him, and his obstinacy, 80 inter- 
 view of Marmont with, 83 delibera- 
 tions of the council, 84 concessions 
 resolved on, ib. et seq. dismisses the 
 ministry, 85 attempts to form a new 
 and liberal ministry, 86 further con- 
 cessions and formal deposition of, 87 
 last attempt at negotiation, 88 
 offers the Duke d' Orleans the lieuten- 
 ant-general cy, 89 withdraws to Tri- 
 anon, 90 formally abdicates at Ram- 
 bouillet, 91 interview with Maison, 
 and falsehoods of the latter, 93 jour- 
 ney to Main tenon, and parting with 
 the Guard, 94 the journey to Cher- 
 bourg, 95 parting with the Guard at 
 Valognes, 96 last interview with 
 Polignac, 97 embarkation for Eng- 
 land, 98 residence at Holyrood, ib. 
 error of, regarding the choice of his 
 ministers, 100 error as to the ground 
 he took for resistance, 103 want of 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 preparation, 104 legality of the or- 
 donnances, 134 review of his con- 
 duct, 137 influence of his fall in 
 England, IV. xxii. 45, 56 fall of, 
 the royal speech on the, 71 the 
 Revolution directed against, as the 
 organ of the Jesuits, xxiv. 1 recep- 
 tion of his ordonnance dismissing 
 Polignac, 19 final rejection of his 
 terms, 22 trial of the ex-ministers, 
 xxv. 3 et seq. comparison of finances 
 under him and Louis Philippe, 32 
 note proscription of, and his family 
 in France, 50 degradations of the 
 peerage under, 105 civil list of, con- 
 trasted with that of Louis Philippe, 
 V. xxix. 21 and expenditure under 
 the two, 22 the court of, at Holy- 
 rood, and his own views, 39 consents 
 to the attempt of the Duchess de 
 Berri, 40 vindication of the ordon- 
 nances under Louis Philippe, 101 
 results to France of his overthrow, 59 
 last years and death of, xxxiii. 74. 
 See, previous to his accession, Artois, 
 count d'. 
 Charles Albert, King of Sardinia, views 
 and policy of, 1847, VII. xlvi. 70 
 views of, on the Austrian occupation 
 of Ferrara, 75 reforms by, and his 
 popularity, 79 forces and movements 
 of, VIII. lii. 13 his biography and 
 character, 14 his son elected king of 
 Sicily, but declines, 21 forces at dis- 
 posal of, 25, 26 first operations 
 and successes of, 31 difficulties of his 
 position, 33 invasion of the Tyrol, 
 34 his plan of operations, 36 pass- 
 age of the Mincio, 37 capture of Pas- 
 trengo, and retreat of the Austrians, 
 38 blockades Peschiera and Mantua, 
 39 repulsed at Rivoli, 40 battle of 
 Sta Lucia, 41 his views after it, 42 
 position of his forces, and refuses the 
 crown of Lombardy, 48 siege of 
 Peschiera, 49 repulse at Curtatone, 
 51 victory at Goito, 52 fall of Pes- 
 chiera, 53 advantageous position of, 
 54 threatens Verona, and captures 
 Rivoli, 58 importance of the loss of 
 Vicenza, 59' further preparations and 
 reinforcements, 61 movement against 
 Mantua, 63 blockades it, 64 checks 
 the Austrians at Rivoli, 66 battle of 
 Custoza, 67 subsequent movements, 
 68 success at the Somma Campagna, 
 69 subsequent movements, 70 bat- 
 tle of Valeggio, 71 his retreat, 72 
 retires across the Oglio, 73 and to 
 Milan, 74 insults to, in Milan, and 
 its capitulation, 75 armistice, 76 
 proclamation of, on fall of Milan, 79 
 
 to the Paragraph. D
 
 50 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Charles Albert, continued. 
 
 and note forced to renew the war, 
 84 his forces, 85 proclamation, 87 
 first movements, 89 defeats of, 
 91 battle of Novara, 92 et seq. its 
 residts, 95 his abdication and escape, 
 96 death of, 120 military conduct 
 of, 123. 
 
 Charles Felix, King of Sardinia, II. viii. 
 81. See also Sardinia. 
 
 Charles, the archduke, VIII. liv. 2 the 
 Military History of, V. xxviii. 51 re- 
 nunciation of the throne by, VIII. 
 liv. 76. 
 
 Charles, prince, of Prussia, II. viii. 144 
 at the coronation of Nicholas, 148. 
 
 Charlotte, queen, death and character 
 of, I. iv. 55. 
 
 Charlotte, the princess, marriage of, 
 
 I. ii. 60 death of, iv. 29 grief occa- 
 sioned by it, 30. 
 
 Charlotte, the princess, of Prussia, mar- 
 riage of the Grand-duke Nicholas to, 
 
 II. viii. 59. 
 
 Charras, M., minister-at-war, 1848, VIII. 
 1. 69 note. 
 
 Charras, colonel, arrested, VIII. Ivii. 48. 
 
 Charter, the, modification of, by royal 
 ordinance in 1815, I. iii. 14 were the 
 ordonnances an infraction of, III. xvii. 
 134 previous similar invasions of it, 
 135 as modified by the constitution 
 of 1830, IV. xxiv. 43. 
 
 Charter, the six points of the, VI. xxxvii. 
 63. 
 
 Chartism, circumstances which gave rise 
 to, VI. xxxvii. 3, 50, 62. 
 
 Chartist movement, progress of the, VII. 
 xli. 85 suppression of the, 1848, I. i. 
 20. 
 
 Chartist petition, the, 1843, VII. xli. 
 85 the great, of 1848, xliii. 130 its 
 demands, 131 presentation of it, 133 
 detection of the frauds in it, 134 
 wholesale fabrication of signatures at 
 Glasgow, ib. note. 
 
 Chartists, views of the, after the reform 
 bill, V. xxxi. 127 their real object, 
 VI. xxxvii. 64 rise and progress of 
 their movement, ib. the riots at Bir- 
 mingham, 66 the rising of, at New- 
 port, 68 their defeat, 69 riots or- 
 ganised by, 1842, VII. xli. 20 open- 
 ing of letters of, by Sir James Graham, 
 xlii. 31 commencement of the insur- 
 rection of the, 1848, xliii. 130 their 
 preparations, 131 those of the gov- 
 ernment against them, 132 their de- 
 feat, 133 abortive attempt at Glas- 
 gow, 134 impression produced on 
 the Continent by the suppression of 
 the insurrection, 136 renewed agita- 
 te L 
 
 tion, its suppression, and trial of the 
 leaders, 137. 
 
 Chartrand, general, execution of, I. iii. 
 106. 
 
 Chartrand, murder of, and acquittal of 
 the murderers, VI. xxxvii. 95. 
 
 Chartres, the bishop of, III. xvi. 82 at 
 the deathbed of the Duke de Berri, 
 II. ix. 37, 38. 
 
 Chartres, the duke de, made a chevalier 
 of the Cordon Bleu, III. xvi. 36 his 
 arrest and release, IV. xxiv. 15 
 VII. xlvii. 72 narrow escape of, 77. 
 
 Chartrouin, M. de, opposes the law 
 against the Bourbons, IV. xxv. 87. 
 
 Chasse', general, holds the citadel of 
 Antwerp, IV. xxiv. 80 denounces 
 the armistice at Antwerp, xxv. 69 
 force under, in the citadel of Ant- 
 werp, V. xxix. 89 the siege, 90 sur- 
 renders, 92. 
 
 Chasseurs d'Afrique, organisation of the, 
 V. xxx. 29. 
 
 Chateau d'Eau, capture of, by the insur- 
 gents, 1832, V. xxix. 65 conference 
 between Guizot and Louis Philippe at, 
 xxxii. 68. 
 
 Chateaus, destruction of the, in Gallicia, 
 VII. xlvi. 21. 
 
 Chateaubriand, viscount de, services of, 
 at Ghent, I. iii. 7 opposes the ad- 
 mission of Fouche to the ministry, 
 8 delines office, 9 made member of 
 chamber of peers, 20 section headed 
 by, in the peers, 56 character of, 59 
 speech of, on the law against sedi- 
 tious cries, 73 opposes the projwsed 
 amnesty, 108 views of, on the ordi- 
 nance of 5th September, 133 support 
 given to the royalists by his writings, 
 vi. 9 arguments of, against the new 
 law of recruiting, 51 on the character 
 of the Spaniards, II. vii. 17 on the ex- 
 tinction of freedom in Spain, 33 note 
 conversation between Alexander 
 and, on the Greek revolt, viii. 88 
 note and the royalist journals, ix. 14 
 on the assassination of the Duke 
 de Berri, 40 on Decazes, 43 votes 
 against re-establishing the censorship, 
 59 account of the views of the roy- 
 alists by, 89 note sent as ambassador 
 to Berlin, 97 resigns the Berlin em- 
 bassy, 106 on the death, &c. of Na- 
 poleon, 123 on the reputation of 
 Pitt, x. 155 on the change in the 
 character of statesmen, 160 sketch of 
 his career, xi. 6 note his character, 
 6 his merits as an orator, 7 his 
 character as a statesman, 8 his de- 
 fects, 9 represents France at the 
 Congress of Verona, xii. 11 note of, 
 
 arge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 51 
 
 at the congress, regarding South Ame- 
 rican independence, 17 views of, on 
 the results of the congress, 22 suc- 
 ceeds Montmorency in the ministry of 
 foreign affairs, 25 directs the with- 
 drawal of the ambassador from Spain, 
 27 speech of, on the Spanish ques- 
 tion, 41 et seq. Manuel's answer to 
 it, 56 et seq. letters from Canning to, 
 against the intervention, 64 note 
 letter from M. Marcellus to, ib. Can- 
 ning's admiration of him, 65 note 
 declines the assistance of Eussia in 
 Spain, 1 00 designs of, with regard to 
 the South American States, 106 sup- 
 ports the law of septenniality, 111 
 conduct of, on that for reducing the 
 interest of the debt, 114 position of, 
 in 1824, 116 his dismissal, 117 the 
 Emperor Alexander to, on the Greek 
 insurrection, III. xiv. 19 opposed to 
 the ultramontane party, xvi. 11 op- 
 poses the law against sacrilege, 33 
 opposes the re-establishment of the 
 censorship, 59 society for defending 
 the liberty of the press headed by, 
 68 dislike of Charles X. to, 73 de- 
 clines office under Martignac, 76 vote 
 of, on the address, ib. resigns the em- 
 bassy to Rome, xvii. 30 on the ex- 
 tension of the French frontier to the 
 Rhine, 49 opinion of, as to the fall of 
 Charles X., 100 objects of, in the 
 Spanish war, 118 his political reasons 
 for the project of advancing France to 
 the Rhine, 119 the works of, xviii. 
 7 sketch of his life, 8 his character 
 as a writer, 9 his beauties, 10 his 
 influence on Christianity, 11 his style 
 on religious subjects, 12 his defects, 
 13 as a writer of memoirs, 53 a 
 writer for the daily press, 74 views 
 of, as to the succession to Charles X., 
 xxiv. 14 declaration of, in favour of 
 Charles X., 20^ noble speech of, in 
 the Peers, 34 he refuses the ministry 
 of foreign affairs under Louis Philippe, 
 40 his conversation with the latter, 
 ib. note resignation of, 44 the auto- 
 biography of, V. xxviii. 54 on the 
 refusal of the Duchess de Berri's gift 
 during the cholera, 36 heads the 
 moderate royalists, 39 opposes the 
 attempt of the Duchess de Berri, 46 
 arrest of, 77 letter from, to Louis 
 Napoleon, VI. xxxiv. 84 course of, 
 regarding the slave trade, VII. xliv. 
 47. 
 
 Chateaubriand, madame de, II, xi. 6 
 note. 
 
 Chateau Rouge, the reform banquet at, 
 VII. xlvii. 19. 
 
 Chateau-Thierry, grain riots at, 1817, I. 
 vi. 25 Louis Philippe at, IV. xxv. 56. 
 
 Chatelherault, resistance to the valua- 
 tion in, VII. xliv. 61. 
 
 Chatenay, cholera unknown in, V. xxix. 
 32 note. 
 
 Chatham, garrison of, 1846, VII. xliii. 
 27 that needed by it, ib. note - 
 prison, statistics of, VIII. lvi. 42 note. 
 
 Chatillon, great reform banquet at, VII. 
 xliv. 32. 
 
 Chatillon-sur-Seine, grain riots at, 1817, 
 I. vi. 25. 
 
 Chatres, count de la, made member of 
 Chamber of Peers, I. iii. 20. 
 
 Chatterton, colonel, suppression of the 
 Chartist riot at Birmingham by, VI. 
 xxxvii. 66. 
 
 Chauvelin, M. de, returned to the De- 
 puties in 1817, I. vi. 42 vote of, on 
 the new electoral law, II. ix. 73. 
 
 Cheapening system, rise of the, and its 
 effects, IV. xxiii. 127 predominance 
 given to the, by the reform bill, 
 143. 
 
 Cheduba, capture of, by the British, VI. 
 xxxix. 58 cession of, to them, 72. 
 
 Cheese, foreign, proposed reduction of 
 duty on, VII. xlii. 49 -increased con- 
 sumption of, 1843-6, VII. xliii. 70 
 note. 
 
 Chelsea pensioners, summoning out of 
 the, 1819, II. x. 33. 
 
 Cheltenham, member given to, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Chemin de Versailles, proposed reform 
 banquet in the, VII. xlvii. 44. 
 
 Chenab river, the, VIII. xlix. 52. 
 
 Chenchine, general, assassination of, II. 
 viii. 123. 
 
 Chenier, Dr, a leader of the Canadian 
 insurgents, death of, VI. xxxvii. 83. 
 
 Cherbourg, preparations at, for the ex- 
 pedition to Algiers, III. xvii. 42 
 journey of the royal family to, 95 
 their embarkation there for England, 
 98 Louis Napoleon at, 1850, VIII. 
 lvii. 29. 
 
 Cherchell, capture of, by the French, 
 VII, xlv. 22 defeat of Abd-el-Kadr 
 before, 23. 
 
 Chernicheff, general, II. viii. 131 at Aix- 
 la-Chapelle, I. vi. 61. 
 
 Cheshire, additional members for, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Chester, bishop of, votes for the reform 
 bill, IV. xxiii. 105. 
 
 Chester, intended rising at, 1817, I. iv. 
 15 diocese, statistics of church ac- 
 commodation in, I. iv. 44 note. 
 
 Chevallon, M., a Spanish revolutionist, 
 IV. xxiv. 67. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 52 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Chevalier, M., advocates the views of the 
 St Simonians, V. xxix. 7 trial of, 
 xxx. 8. 
 
 Childe Harold, remarks on, I. v. 11, 12. 
 
 Children, number of, receiving education 
 in England, II. x. 57 in factories, 
 bill regulating labour of, V. xxxi. 109 
 Lord Ashley's factory bill regarding, 
 
 VII. xli. 80 necessity for protection 
 to, in manufacturing districts, 81 
 Mr Fielden's bill for limiting the fac- 
 tory labour of, xliii. 86 large mor- 
 tality among, in factory districts, 87 
 employment of, in factories, 9*2 
 mortality among, in town and rural 
 districts, 93.. 
 
 Chili, British consul appointed to, II. 
 
 xii. 104 and exports to, 105 note. 
 Chillianwallah, preparations, &c. for, 
 
 VIII. xlix. 100 battle of, 101 et seq. 
 its results, 102 recovery of the guns 
 taken at, 106. 
 
 Chilman, M., V. xxxiii. 21. 
 
 Chios, extension of the insurrection to, 
 III. xiv. 60 massacre of, 61, 62 re- 
 newed massacre, 67 expedition under 
 Fabvier against, xv. 141 excluded 
 from kingdom of Greece, 142. 
 
 China, non-progressive state of, I. i. 67 
 petitions against the restrictions on 
 the trade to, II. x. 64 opening of 
 the trade to, V. xxxi. 69 increase of 
 trade with, since, 73 and note danger 
 from the war in, VI. xxxviii. 32 
 value of opium exported from India 
 to, xxxix. 24 the war with, 1841, 
 VII. xli. 15 alleged effects of inter- 
 ruption of commerce with, 28 pro- 
 posed reduction of duties on sugar 
 from, 106 restrictions on importa- 
 tion of labourers into the West Indies 
 from, xliii. 10 England first brought 
 into collision with, VIII. xlviii. 1 
 constancy of national character, 2 
 extent and population, 3 revenues, 
 4 land and sea forces, 5 great towns, 
 6 geographical description, 7 canals, 
 8 climate and productions, 9 system 
 of government, 10 agriculture, 11, 12 
 land tenures, 13 form of govern- 
 ment, 14 practical checks on despo- 
 tism, 15 religion, 16 education, 17 
 cautious management of the trade 
 by the East India Company, 18 
 change on its being thrown open, 19 
 passage of the Bocca Tigris, 20 
 affairs in 1835-6, 21 increase in the 
 opium smuggling trade, 22 measures 
 of the Viceroy Lin, 23 violent pro- 
 ceedings of Chinese, 24 commence- 
 ment of hostilities, 25 capture of 
 forts of Canton, 27 treaty disavowed, 
 
 28 storming of forts, 29 further 
 hostilities, fresh armistice, and renewed 
 war, 30 attack on forts of Canton, 
 31, 32 new terms of accommodation, 
 33 storming of Amoy, 34 second 
 capture of Chusan, 35 of Chinghae, 
 36 and of Ningpo, 37 defeats of 
 Chinese, 38 capture of Chapoo, 39 
 forcing of the Yang-tze-Kiang, &c, 40, 
 41 failure of negotiations, and fur- 
 ther advance, 42 storming of Chin- 
 Kiang-foo, 43 arrival at Nankin, 44 
 treaty concluded, 45, 46. 
 
 China proper, extent and population of, 
 VIII. xlviii. 3. 
 
 Chinese Tartary, extent, &c. of, VIII. 
 xlviii. 3. 
 
 Chinghae, storming of, by the British, 
 VIII. xlviii. 36 defeat of the Chinese 
 at, 38. 
 
 Chin-Kiang-foo, importance of, VIII. 
 xlviii. 40 storming of it, 42, 43. 
 
 Chippenham, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Chippewa, attack by the American sym- 
 pathisers on, VI. xxxvii. 89. 
 
 Chisholm, lieutenant, death of, VI. 
 xxxix. 48. 
 
 Chismonda, Redwitz's poem of, V. xxviii. 
 38. 
 
 Chiswick, death of Canning at, IV. xxi. 86. 
 
 Chiusa, the defile of, II. xii. 12. 
 
 Chlapowski, general, invades Lithuania, 
 IV. xxvi. 73 throws himself into 
 Lithuania, 80. 
 
 Chlopicki, general, a member of the pro- 
 visional government of Poland, IV. 
 xxvi. 18, 22 saves Krasinski from the 
 mob, 21 seizes the dictatorship, 22 
 his biography and character, 23 his 
 views as to the revolution, 24 his 
 military preparations, 25 civilities 
 between, and Coustantine, 26 unsuc- 
 cessful negotiation with Nicholas, 27 
 resigns the dictatorship on the 
 meeting of the Diet, and is reappoint- 
 ed, 31 his first acts, 32 vain efforts 
 at accommodation, 39 resigns, ib. 
 wounded at Praga, 51. 
 
 Chocronea, defeat of the Turks at, III. 
 xiv. 92. 
 
 Choiseul, the duke of, a member of the 
 Council of Agriculture, II. ix. 7 share 
 of the indemnity received by, III. xvi. 
 32 during the Three Days, xvii. 74. 
 
 Cholera, ravages of, in Hungary, IV. 
 xxv. 30 ravages of, among the Poles, 
 xxvi. 67 death of Diebitch and Con- 
 stantino of, 78- conduct of Nicholas 
 during, 94 first appearance of, in 
 Paris, V. xxix. 31 its unlooked-for 
 symptoms, 32 uncertainty in its 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 53 
 
 mode of treatment, 33 commissions 
 in Paris on it, 34 its ravages, 35 
 details of it in Paris, ib. note forti- 
 tude and benevolence during it, 36 
 appearance of, in England, and its in- 
 fluence in checking the reform mania, 
 xxxi. 9 ravages of, in the army in 
 India, 1817, VI. xxxix. 50 ravages 
 of, among the Russians in Hungary, 
 VIII. lv. 54. 
 
 Chosrow, Capitan Pacha, operations of, 
 in the Archipelago, III. xiv. 104 
 attack on Spezzia and Ipsara, 105 
 capture of the latter, ib. 
 
 Chourchid Pacha, operations of, against 
 the Greeks in the Morea, III. xiv. 36 
 against Ali Pacha, xiii. 78, xiv. 44 
 capture and execution of Ali Pacha by, 
 55, 56 plan of the campaign, 58 
 defeated by the Suliotes, 59 grand 
 invasion of the Morea by, 70 his 
 danger and losses, 71 his disastrous 
 retreat, 72 repeated defeats of, 73 
 his death, ib. 
 
 Christian VII., death of, VIII. liii. 34. 
 
 Christian VIII., destruction of the, VIII. 
 liii. 95. 
 
 Christian monarchy, importance of es- 
 tablishing a, in place of Turkey, III. 
 xiv. 172, 173. 
 
 Christian slavery, abolition of, in Al- 
 giers, I. ii. 81. 
 
 Christians, the, in the Turkish empire, 
 III. xiii. 8 position of, as the indus- 
 trious class in Turkey, 12 their in- 
 crease as compared with the Turks, 
 13 numbers of, in European Turkey, 
 17 note cannot become proprietors 
 of land there, 20 massacres of, in 
 Smyrna, xiv. 43 threatened massacre 
 of, in Constantinople, 52 massacres of, 
 in Jassy, 81 and Mahommedans, all 
 recent European wars between, xv. 1 
 regulation regarding dress of, in Tur- 
 key, 14. 
 
 Christianity, destiny of the Japhetian 
 race with regard- to, I. i. 73 its in- 
 creasing influence in Europe, 74 
 waning of Mahommedanism before, ii. 
 83, 84 destined triumph of, in 
 Turkey, III. xv. 151 Chateaubriand's 
 influence in reviving, xviii. 11 as- 
 cendant over Mahommedanism now ob- 
 tained by, V. xxxiii. 125 removal of 
 civil forfeitures onconversion to, in 
 India, VI. xl. 11 spread of, in the 
 South Sea Islands, VII. xli. 97. 
 
 Christie, captain, before Ghuznee, VIII. 
 xlviii. 95 at Chillianwallah, xlix. 101. 
 
 Christina, queen, marriage of Ferdinand 
 VII. to, IV. xxiv. 89 birth of her 
 daughter, 90 VII. xlvi. 36 proposals 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 to Louis Philippe for double marriage, 
 which he declines, 38, 39 further 
 conferences, 40 offers her daughter's 
 hand to Prince Leopold, 42 subse- 
 quent negotiations, &c. regarding the 
 marriages, 43 et seq. 
 
 Christopher, Mr, motion by, 1842, on the 
 corn laws, VII. xli. 40. 
 
 Chrzanowski, general, at Iganie, IV. 
 xxvi. 66 expedition of, into Volhynia, 
 and its defeat, 72 appointed to com- 
 mand the Sardinians, VIII. lii. 85 
 defeats of, and falls back to Novara, 
 91 battle of Novara, 92 et seq. its 
 results, 95. 
 
 Church, general, attack on, in Palermo^ 
 II. vii. 110 operations of, at Athens, 
 and his defeat, III. xiv. 150. 
 
 Church, the, discussion regarding its 
 endowment, I. iii. 118 et seq. 
 law regarding bequests to it, in 
 France, vi. 32 discussion on it, 
 33 decision, 38 character and 
 tendencies of, in Spain, II. vii. 16 
 the Russian, statistics of, viii. 22 
 additional endowments for, in France, 
 ix. 100 alliance of the royalists with, 
 in France, and its results, xi. 26 
 position, &c. of, in France under Louis 
 Philippe, VII. xliv. 23. 
 
 Church of England, alleged influence of 
 the test and corporation laws on, IV. 
 xxi. 106, 107 influence of their repeal 
 on it, 110 bill for better discipline of, 
 &c, 1835, VI. xxxv. 30. 
 
 Church of Scotland, the Free Kirk se- 
 cession from the, VI. xxxvii. 74 et seq. 
 
 Churches, new, grant in 1818 for build- 
 ing of, I.iv. 44 and 1823, III. xix. 15. 
 
 Church cess, proposed abolition of, in 
 Ireland, V. xxxi. 45. 
 
 Church establishment, further reduction 
 of, in Spain, II. xi. 55. 
 
 Churchmen, jealousy between, and Dis- 
 senters on the education question, VII. 
 xliii. 96. 
 
 Church party, views of, on the Irish 
 church commission, V. xxxi. 135. 
 
 Church property, effects of the confisca- 
 tion of, in France, I. iii. 1 IS aliena- 
 tion of, in France, vi. 38 decree re- 
 garding, in Spain in 1820, II. vii. 78 
 confiscation of, by the Cortes in 1820, 
 86, xi. 37 effects on education of the 
 confiscation of the, x. 58 amount of 
 the confiscation of, in Spain, 61 
 effects of its confiscation on the work- 
 ing classes in France, III. xvii. 127 
 its resumption by the Papists, one 
 object of the Catholic Association, 
 IV. xx. 27 proposed confiscation of, 
 by the Irish church bill, V. xxxi. 47. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 54 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Church-rates, bill for abolition of, 1837, 
 VI. xxxvi. 64. 
 
 Chusau, opium smuggling at, VIII. xlviii. 
 22 capture and occupation of, by the 
 British, 26 second capture of, by the 
 British, 35 terms of the treaty re- 
 garding, 45. 
 
 Chutoo, a Pindarree chief, death of, VI. 
 xxxix. 51. 
 
 Chuttur Singh, revolt of, in the Punjaub, 
 VIII. xlix. 95 operations of, 96 
 capture of Attock by, 99 junction of, 
 with Shere Singh, 103 battle of 
 Goojerat, 104 et seq. 
 
 Ciacchi, cardinal, ministry of, VIII. lii. 
 24. 
 
 Cider, reduction of duties on, 1825, III. 
 xix. 70 note repeal of duty on, 1830, 
 
 IV. xxii. 34. 
 
 Circassia, the affair of the Vixen, VI. 
 xxxvi. 70 et seq. 
 
 Circulating medium, danger of an un- 
 stable, VI. xxxv. 2. 
 
 Cities, progress and splendour of the, in 
 Germany, V. xxvii. 8 the great, of 
 Germany, feeling, &c. in, 79 Soult's 
 views as to the military defence of, 
 VI. xxxiv. 112 greater mortality of, 
 than of country districts, VII. xliii. 
 157 the French, rapid growth of, 
 under Louis Philippe, xliv. 2 the 
 great, of China, VIII. xlviii. 6. 
 
 Ciudad Real, capitulation of royalists at, 
 II. xi. 68. 
 
 Civil cases, introduction of jury trial in, 
 into Scotland, I. iv. 19 its failure, 
 20. 
 
 Civil forfeitures, removal of, on conver- 
 sion in India, VI. xl. 11. 
 
 Civil list, the French, III. xvi. 16 defeat 
 of the Wellington ministry on the, IV. 
 xxii. 79 voted to William IV., &c, 
 xxiii. 60 debate on the, in France, 
 1831, xxv. 87 voted to Louis Philippe, 
 
 V. xxix. 20 its extravagance, 21 
 vote of the Legislative Assembly on, 
 VIII. lvii. 28. 
 
 Civil offices, number of, in France, IV. 
 xxiv. 7 injudicious employment of 
 military officers in India in, VI. xl. 
 140. 
 
 Civil servants, Ellenborough's deprecia- 
 tion of, VIII. xlviii. 69. 
 
 Civil service, new regulations regarding 
 salaries in the, in India, VI. xl. 6. 
 
 Civil .situations, large employment of 
 officers in, in India, VI. xl. 8. 
 
 Civil war, Sir R. Inglis on the dangers of, 
 IV. xxi. 142 Wellington on, 148 
 danger of, during the reform mania, 
 xxiii. 114. 
 
 Civilisation, effects of the discovery of 
 
 The La 
 
 the American mines on, I. i. 33 rela- 
 tions of, to morality, 47 migratory 
 passions of men in the youth of, 69 
 and in its maturity, 70 obstacles to, 
 from serfdom in Russia, II. viii. 33 
 obstacles to, in Russia, 39 it confined 
 to the higher ranks, 40 in Europe 
 and in France, Guizot's works on, 
 
 III. xvii. 9, xviii. 22 influence of the 
 slave trade on, in Africa, V. xxxi. 78, 
 79 effects of the European revolu- 
 tions on, VIII. lvii. 56. 
 
 Civita Vecchia, insurrection of the galley- 
 slaves in, II. vii. 117. 
 
 Clam, count, at Santa Lucia, VIII. lii. 41 
 at Curtatone, 54 lv. 46. 
 
 Clanricarde, lord, postmaster -general, 
 1846, VII. xliii. 4 note motion by, on 
 free trade, VIII. Ivi. 32. 
 
 Claparede, general, made a peer, I. vi. 96. 
 
 Clare, the famine of 1823 in, II. x. 122 
 note operation of the insurrection 
 act in, 1824, IV. xx. 23 note election 
 of O'Connell for, xxi. 114 results of 
 this, 115 re-election of O'Connell 
 for, 153 conflict between Catholics 
 and Orangemen in, xxii. 19 distur- 
 bances in, 1831, xxiii. 72 extraordi- 
 nary murder in, -V. xxxi. 33 note 
 monster repeal meeting in, VII. xli. 
 68 agrarian outrages in, 1846, xlii. 74, 
 76 note increase of crime in, 1847, 
 xliii. 97 and note. 
 
 Claremont House, residence of the 
 Princess Charlotte, &c. at, I. ii. 60 
 Louis Philippe retires to, VII. xlvii. 77. 
 
 Clarence, the duke of, becomes lord high 
 admiral, IV. xxi. 66 resignation of, 
 96. See William IV. 
 
 Clarendon, earl of, president of board of 
 trade, 1846, VII. xliii. 4 note applies 
 for continued suspension of habeas 
 corpus act in Ireland, VIII. Ivi. 52. 
 
 Clark, lieutenant, at storming of Arra- 
 can, VI. xxxix. 67. 
 
 Clark, see Feltre, duke de. 
 
 Clarke, Dr, on corporal punishment in 
 Russia, II. viii. 36 description of 
 Greece by, III. xiii. 81. 
 
 Class government, results of, to freedom, 
 V. xxx. 62. 
 
 Class legislation, invariable results of, I. 
 iv. 8 danger of, under the reform bill, 
 
 IV. xxiii. 162 the invariable result of 
 uniform representation, 166. 
 
 Class representation, necessity and im- 
 portance of, IV. xxiii. 167. 
 
 Classes, the subdivision of, in Russia, II. 
 viii. 23 return to representation by, 
 in France, ix. 109 representation of, 
 under the old constitution of England, 
 IV. xxiii. 123 representation should 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 55 
 
 be based on, VI. xxxvi. 1 8 voting by, 
 established in Prussia, VIII. liii. 87 
 its results, 88 its effects there, 106. 
 
 Classical drama, Lessing's criticisms on 
 the, V. xxviii. 7. 
 
 Classical school, extinction of the, in 
 French literature, III. xviii. 4 the 
 early, in German literature, V. xxviii. 4. 
 
 Clausel, general, afterwards marshal, I. 
 iii. 106 proscribed in 1815, 19 in- 
 demnity to, II. ix. 102 note succeeds 
 Bourmont in Algeria, and his successes 
 there, IV. xxv. 18 arguments of, on 
 foreign affairs, 1831, 79 et seq. at La- 
 marque's funeral, V. xxix. 58, 61 
 efforts of the insurgents to win, 69 
 difficulties of, in Algeria, xxx. 28, 
 xxxiii. 98 sent back to Algeria, and 
 victory obtained by, 102 returns to 
 France to procure supplies, 104 
 difficulties of, with the Deputies, &c, 
 106 commencement of expedition to 
 Constantine, forces for it, &c, 107 
 the march and its hardships, 108 
 his repulse before Constantine, 110 
 and disastrous retreat, 111 recalled, 
 114. 
 
 Clausenberg, defeat of the Austrians at, 
 VIII. lv. 9. 
 
 Clausewitz, general, the Memoirs of, III. 
 xviii. 48, v. xxviii. 52. 
 
 Clay, Mr, views of, on the bank question, 
 VI. xxxvii. 19, 22. 
 
 Cleopatra, capture of the, by the Nymph, 
 
 I. ii. 69 note. 
 
 Cler, defeat of the Italians at, VIII. Hi. 
 35. 
 
 Clergy, views of the ultra-royalists re- 
 garding the, I. iii. 117 discussion 
 regarding their endowment, 118 et 
 seq. the French, state of, 118 the 
 Russian, numbers, character, &c. of, 
 
 II. viii. 22 unrepresented under 
 Louis Philippe in France, VII. xliv. 
 9 alienation of, from Louis Philippe, 
 xlvii. 1 favour the revolution of 
 1848, VIII. 1. 18 representation of 
 the, in Germany, liii. 9. 
 
 Clerk, Sir George, supports Peel against 
 the reform bill, IV. xxiii. 54 secre- 
 tary of Treasury, 1841, VII. xli. 14 
 note. 
 
 Clerk, Mr, counsels of, after Affghanistan 
 retreat, VIII. xlviii. 51 efforts of, to 
 reinforce Nott, 77 and to provide 
 carriage for the troops in Affghan- 
 istan, 85. 
 
 Clerkenwell, suppression of Chartist 
 meeting at, VI. xxxvii. 67 Chartist 
 gathering in, VII. xliii. 137. 
 
 Clermont, resistance to the new valua- 
 tion in, VII. xliv. 61, 63. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Clermont - Tonnerre, the marquis, be- 
 comes minister of marine, II. ix. 107 
 supports Montmorency on the Spanish 
 question, xii. 25 appointed minister- 
 at-war, 117 efforts of, to proselytise 
 the army, III. xvi. 9 fortification of 
 Paris proposed by, 1826, V. xxx. 15 
 his memoir on it, ib. note. 
 
 Clibborne, major, at Meanee, VIII. xlix. 
 15. 
 
 Climate, influence of, in urging Russia 
 to foreign conquest, II. viii. 34 great 
 varieties of, in Algeria, VII. xlv. 4 
 variety of, in China, VIII. xlviii. 9. 
 
 Clitheroe, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Clitheron, general, dispersion of the 
 Canadian insurgents by, VI. xxxvii. 
 104. 
 
 Clogher, bill abolishing bishopric of, V. 
 xxxi. 45 note. 
 
 Cloncurry, lord, and the prosecution of 
 O'Connell, IV. xxiii. 27 note. 
 
 Clonfert, bill abolishing bishopric of, 
 V. xxxi. 45 note. 
 
 Clonmel, intimidation of juries in, V. 
 xxxi. 33 increase of, since the Union, 
 124 note liberation of prisoners by 
 Lord Normanby at, VI. xxxviii. 28. 
 
 Clontarf, suppression of monster meet- 
 ing at, VII. xli. 71. 
 
 Clorumeneros, Don Diego, becomes co- 
 lonial minister, II. xi. 52. 
 
 Close boroughs, the, increasing jealousy 
 of, IV. xxii. 3 holders of, opposed 
 to reform, 74 strength given to 
 capital by them, xxiii. 4 causes of 
 the outcry against them, 5 ministe- 
 rial plan regarding them, 42 their 
 alleged value as admitting talent, 50 
 universal hostility against them, 131 
 this increased by the talent admit- 
 ted by them, 132. 
 
 Club of Clubs, the, VIII. 1. 56 revolt 
 organised by, 58 and the revolt of 
 June, li. 2. 
 
 Clubs, revolutionary, establishment of, 
 in Spain, II. vii. 77 decree for clos- 
 ing them, !56 their violence, 88 
 their increased activity, .92 their 
 violence in Madrid, xi. 34, 36 law 
 regarding them, 36 their denuncia- 
 tions of Murillo, 39 enmity of Chlo- 
 picki to them in Poland, IV. xxvi. 23 
 formation of secret, by the French 
 republicans, V. xxx. 11 declaration 
 against the Irish, 1848, VII. xliii. 138 
 democratic, formation of, in the 
 Swiss cities, xlvi. 91 reopening of 
 them in Paris, 1848, VIII. 1. 1 1 great 
 demonstration of the, 17th March, 52 
 et seq. closing of them by Cavaignac, 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 56 
 
 HISTOKY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Clubs, revolutionary, continued. 
 
 98 law suppressing them, li. 4 re- 
 newed agitation of them against the 
 constitution, 18 their influence on 
 the Frankfort Assembly, liii. 73 
 motion for closing them in France, 
 lvii. 12 their efforts against Louis 
 Napoleon, 13 decree for closing 
 them, 14 finally suppressed, 18 
 their continued activity, 23. 
 
 Clyde, lord, VIII. Hi. 123. 
 
 Coaches and carriages, public companies 
 for, in France, VI. xxxiv. 7 note. 
 
 Coal, want of, in Spain, and its effects, 
 II. vii. 10 proposed reduction of 
 duties on sea-borne, IV. xxiii. 29 and 
 note fall in price of, 1782-1837, VI. 
 xxxvii. 46 note. 
 
 Coal districts, pressure in the, 1847, 
 VII. xliii. 102. 
 
 Coal-mines, joint stock companies for, 
 1825, III. xix. 66 note. 
 
 Coals, remission of duty on, 1824, III. 
 xix. 11 exported, proposed duty 
 on, IV. xxiii. 29 note exported, 
 proposed duties on, VII. xli. 46 
 abolition of export duty on, xlii. 
 15. 
 
 Coalition ministry, Pitt's overthrow of 
 the, compared with the overthrow of 
 Wellington's, IV. xxiii. 1. 
 
 Cobbett, Mr, on the resumption of cash 
 payments, II. x. 24 on the case of 
 the queen, 81 note answer of, to 
 Sir Robert Gifford on the queen's 
 case, 87 views of, on the French 
 intervention in Spain, xii. 106 reso- 
 lutions carried by, for reduced expendi- 
 ture, &c, III. xix. 8 on the resump- 
 tion of cash payments as leading to 
 reform, IV. xxiii. 128 motion by, 
 on the address, 1833, V. xxxi. 27 
 on the bank question in the United 
 States, VI. xxxvii. 20 on the potato 
 in Ireland, VII. xlii. 38 note. 
 
 Cobden, Mr, character of, as the leader 
 of the anti-corn-law movement, VI. 
 xxxvii. 72, xxxviii. 36 his views on 
 the corn laws adopted by Peel, VII. 
 xli. 5 motion by, for entire abolition 
 of corn laws, 40 strong language of 
 Peel toward, 85 motion by, on agri- 
 cultural distress, xlii. 33, 34 opposes 
 the Irish coercion bill, 81 Sir It. 
 Peel on, 84 arguments of, against 
 Mr Fielden's factory bill, xliii. 89. 
 
 Coblentz, excitement in, 1(348, VIII. 
 liii. 22. 
 
 Cochineal, prices of, 1824-5, III. xix. 64 
 note fall in, 1825-6, 79 note. 
 
 Cochrane, lord, on the battle of Algiers, 
 I. ii. 82 engaged in the Creek ser- 
 
 The La 
 
 vice, III. xiv. 142 operations of, to 
 raise the siege of Athens, 150. 
 
 Cockburn, H., solicitor-general for Scot- 
 land, 1830, IV. xxiii. 6 note. 
 
 Cockermoutb, partially disfranchised, 
 
 IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Cocoa, new taxes on, 1819, I. iv. 81 
 produce of, West Indies, 1828-41, 
 
 V. xxxi. 104 note increased con- 
 sumption of, during railway mania, 
 VII. xlii. 8 note imports of, from 
 West Indies, 1847-9, xliii. 17,note. 
 
 Coddington, captain, wounded at Maha- 
 rajpore, VIII. xlix. 39. 
 
 Code Napoleon, law of, against associa- 
 tions, V. xxx. 35. 
 
 Codrington, Sir Edward, naval force 
 under, III. xiv. 155 forces under, at 
 Navarino, 160 the battle, 161 ef seq. 
 
 Codrington, captain, at Messina, VIII. 
 lii. 19. 
 
 Coercion bill, the Irish, 1833, V. xxxi. 
 30 arguments for it, 31 et seq. and 
 against it, 36 it is carried, 42 reflec- 
 tions on it, 43 new, for Ireland, 
 1847, VII. xliii. 97. 
 
 Coercion bills, the various Irish, VII. 
 xlii. 71 effects of these in reducing 
 crime, 75. 
 
 Coffee, new taxes on, 1819, I. iv. 81 - 
 prices of, 1824-5, III. xix. 64 note 
 reduction of duties on, 1825, 70 note 
 fall in, 1825-6, 79 note imports of, 
 1827-9, IV. xxii. 16 note produce 
 of, Jamaica, before and after emanci- 
 pation, V. xxxi. 104 note and the 
 West Indies, 1828-41, ib. increased 
 production of, in Ceylon, 106 con- 
 sumption of, in England, 1722 and 
 1833, VI. xxxv. 27 fall in price of, 
 1782-1 837, xxxvii. 46 note exports of, 
 from West Indies, before and after 
 emancipation, 125 note proposed re- 
 duction of duty on, VII. xli. 47 im- 
 ports of, 1839-44, 77 note reduction 
 of duties on, 105 increased con- 
 sumption of, during railway mania, 
 xlii. 8 note -fall in price of, 1841 to 
 1845, 35 note imports of, from West 
 Indies, 1847-9, xliii. J. 7 and note 
 increased consumption of, 184 3-6, 70 
 note prices of, 1845-51, 115 note. 
 
 Coin, reformation of, under Elizabeth, 
 I. iv. 70 preference of bank-notes to, 
 IV. xxi. 10. 
 
 Coinage, new silver, in Great Britain, I. 
 ii. 64 total amount of, in Great 
 Britain, 1817 to 1821, II. x. 20 note 
 and to 1822, 22 note decimal 
 system of, IV. xx. 31. 
 
 Colbome, Sir John, defeats of the Cana- 
 dian insurgents by, VI. xxxvii. 83 
 
 vje Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 57 
 
 interim governor of Lower Canada, 
 93 energetic measures of, on the 
 second outbreak of the insurrection, 
 104. 
 
 Colchester, lord, on the state of the 
 navy, 1840, VI. xxxviii. 35 and the 
 recall of Lord Ellenborough, VIII. 
 xlix. 45. 
 
 Cold, severity of the, in Great Britain, 
 1838, VI. xxxvii. 36. 
 
 Coldbathfields meeting, the, 1833, V. 
 xxxi. 62. 
 
 Coldbathfields prison, education among 
 criminals in, VII. xliii. 96 note. 
 
 Coleridge, S. T., poetic character of, I. 
 v. 23. 
 
 Coletti, M., heads the opposition to 
 Capo d'Istria, V. xxxii. 34 Greek 
 minister, VII. xlvi. 57 his death, ib. 
 
 College de France, grant for, V. xxx. 18 
 note. 
 
 Colleges, secular, bill for establishing, in 
 Ireland, VII. xlii. 22. 
 
 Colleges of arrondissements, proposed 
 new constitution, &c. of, I. iii. 111. 
 
 Colleges of departments, proposed new 
 constitution, &c. of, I. iii. 112. 
 
 Colleges of electors, provisions of the 
 new electoral law regarding, II. ix. 63. 
 
 Colletta, general, suppression of the 
 Sicilian revolt by, II. vii. 115. 
 
 Colliers, strike among the, VI. xxxvii. 
 57 institution of the darg among, 
 60 low wages of, in England, 1841, 
 VII. xli. 16 riots of the, in England, 
 1S42, 20 -and iron miners, great 
 strike of the, in Lanarkshire, 1842, 
 21 its result, 23 rise in wages of, 
 during railway mania, xlii. 8. 
 
 Collin, general, evacuation of Cracow by, 
 VII. xlvi. 23 returns to it, 24. 
 
 Colloredo, count, negotiations by, for 
 league against England, VII. xlvi. 106. 
 
 Colloredo, general, at Kapolna, VIII. 
 lv. 17. 
 
 Colmar, insurrection at, II. xi. 23 
 Louis Philippe at, IV. xxv. 56. 
 
 Colocotroni, commencement of the Greek 
 insurrection under, III. xiv. 21 vic- 
 tory of, at Valtezza, 36, 37 besieges 
 Tripolitza, 40 its capture, 41- opera- 
 tions of, in the Morea, 71, 72 cap- 
 ture of Napoli di Romania by, 76 at 
 the battle of Mount Helicon, 92 re- 
 tires to Napoli di Romania, 93 
 measures of, against the legislative, 
 99 gives in his adhesion to the senate, 
 101 renewed dissensions caused by, 
 115 rebellion and imprisonment of, 
 ib. defeated by Ibrahim, and evacu- 
 ates Tripolitza, 127 again defeated, 
 128 forces under, 1826, 147 a parti- 
 te Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 san of Capo d'Istria's, V. xxxii. 34 
 new revolt headed by, 36. 
 
 Colocotroni, Kanos, resistance of, to the 
 legislative, III. xiv. 101. 
 
 Cologne, archbishop of, proceedings of, 
 regarding mixed marriages, disputes 
 with the Prussian government in con- 
 sequence, and his forcible removal, V. 
 xxvii. 58 adjustment of dispute with, 
 64. 
 
 Cologne, Diet of, demand of the freedom 
 of the press by, V. xxvii. 65 demands 
 of the estates of, 74 disturbances in, 
 1830, IV. xxiv. 82 the cathedral of, 
 
 V. xxvii. 8, xxviii. 79 commence- 
 ment of works by Prussian govern- 
 ment on it, xxvii. 60 its inaugura- 
 tion, and speech of the King of 
 Prussia at it, 68. 
 
 Colomb, general, VIII. liii. 49. 
 Colombus, condemned for attempt on 
 
 the Due d'Orleans, VII. xliv. 66. 
 Colonial administration, complaints of, 
 
 by the Canadian Assembly, VI. xxxvii. 
 
 94. 
 Colonial government, true principles of, 
 
 II. vii. 5. 
 Colonial empire of England, effects of 
 
 the changes of 1830 on the, I. i. 9 
 
 influence of the reform bill on it, IV. 
 
 xxiii. 121 danger to it from the 
 
 uniform representation system, 167. 
 Colonial interest, growth of the, under 
 
 the protective system, IV. xxiii. 4. 
 Colonial lands, new system regarding, 
 
 VI. xxxviii. 12. 
 
 Colonial produce, exports and deprecia- 
 tion of, IV. xxii. 12 and note. 
 
 Colonial settlements, necessity of repub- 
 lican institutions to, I. i. 71. 
 
 Colonial shipping, change in the laws 
 regarding, 1825, III. xix. 77. 
 
 Colonial sugar, motion regarding, 1844, 
 
 VII. xli. 106. 
 
 Colonial system, the new, of England, 
 VI. xxxviii. 12 anticipated results of 
 repieal of the corn laws on, VII. xlii. 62. 
 
 Colonial timber, proposed _duty on, IV. 
 xxiii. 29 note. 
 
 Colonial trade, value of, as compared 
 with the foreign, II. x. 75 British, 
 great increase of the, III. xix. 32. 
 
 Colonies, true principles of government 
 of, III. xix. 78 benefit to the parent 
 state from, II. vii. 3 support they 
 afford to the mother country, 4 true 
 principles of government of, 5 loss 
 to the mother country from separa- 
 tion of, 6. 
 
 Colonies, the British, their present state, 
 I. i. 28 total exports to, II. vii. 7 
 note average exports per head to, x. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 58 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Colonies, the British, continued. 
 
 75 note shipping employed in trade 
 with, III. xix. 32 present value of 
 exports to, IV. xxi. 29 motion for 
 giving members to xxiii. 75 indirect 
 representation of, under the old con- 
 stitution, 123 practical disfranchise- 
 ment of, by the reform bill, 143, 145 
 subjected by it to adverse interests, 
 146 prospective abandonment of the, 
 148 this defended by the Free-traders, 
 149 adaptation of democratic govern- 
 ment to, VI. xxxvii. 114 advantages 
 of convict labour to, xxxviii. 7 in- 
 crease of exports to, 1837-40, VII. 
 xli. 29 value of exports, xliii. 11 
 proof of their disfranchisement by the 
 reform bill, 21 troop3 required for, 
 184G, 27 self-government conceded 
 to, VIII. lvi. 43 difficulties of their 
 direct representation, 44 discontent 
 produced by the results of the reform 
 bill, 45 new system toward them, 46. 
 
 Colonies, effect of want of, in France, 
 III. xvii. 119 effects of the loss of 
 them, 131. 
 
 Colonies, difficulties arising in Germany 
 from the want of, V. xxvii. 83. 
 
 Colonies of Spain, her decline not due to 
 them, II. vii. 2 her tyrannical rule 
 over them, 7. 
 
 Colonisation, important resolution of par- 
 liament regarding, 1839, VI. xxxviii. 
 9 the debate on it, 10, 
 
 Columbia, British consul appointed to, 
 II. xii. 104 formal recognition of, by 
 England, III. xix. 66. 
 
 Columbia river, the, involved in the 
 Oregon question, VII. xli. 93 terms 
 of Oregon treaty regarding it, 95. 
 
 Columbian Mining Company, the, III. 
 xix. 66 note. 
 
 Combermere, lord, siege and capture of 
 Bhurtpore by, VI. xxxix. 81 et seq. 
 resignation of, xl. 5 at Wellington's 
 funeral, VIII. lvi. 78, 79 note. 
 
 Combes, colonel, seizure of Ancona by, 
 
 V. xxix. 29 at assault of Constantine, 
 xxxiii. 122 wounded, ib. his death, 
 123 parsimony of the Deputies to 
 his widow, ib. pension to widow of, 
 
 VI. xxxiv. 77. 
 Combination, repeal of laws against, III. 
 
 xix. 52 effects of this, 53 arguments 
 in favour of the repeal, 54 and 
 against it, 55 evils induced by, ib. 
 system to be followed regarding, 58 
 et scq. increasing frequency of, in 
 Paris, VII. xliv. 36. 
 Combination crimes, frequency of, and 
 difficulty of convicting for them, VI. 
 xxxvii. 52. 
 
 Combination laws, effect of the repeal of 
 the, VI. xxxvii. 52 parliamentary 
 committee on the, 56. 
 
 Comedy, German, defects of, and causes 
 of these, V. xxviii. 29, 30. 
 
 Comet, the, the first British steam-boat, 
 v. 3 note. 
 
 Commerce newspaper, the, supports the 
 Duke of Orleans, IV. xxiv. 15. 
 
 Commerce, contempt for, among the 
 Affghans, VI. xl. 21. 
 
 Commerce, improvement of, in Algeria. 
 V. xxxiii. 7 its amount, VII.xlv. 8, 48. 
 
 Commerce, British, 1792 and 1815, I. ii. 
 2 prosperous state of, 1818, iv. 32 
 state of, 1818, 43 contrasted state of, 
 1815 and 1817, 68 effects of the re- 
 sumption of cash payments on, II. x. 
 22 acts relating to, passed in 1822, 
 151 statistics of, 1820-5, III. xix. 
 8 note 1815-23, 9 extension of, by 
 the reciprocity system, 29 alleged 
 effect of the protective system on, 
 38 annual value of, 42 statistics of, 
 1838-53, 47 note numbers dependent 
 on, IV. xxiii. 160 stagnation of, dur- 
 ing 1833, V. xxxi. 55 amount of, 
 with West Indies, 91 improved con- 
 dition of, 1834, 1111845-9, VI. xxxv. 
 6 note prosperous state of, 1834-6, 
 13 and note state of, 1837-42, xxxvii. 
 34 comparison of navy with, 1792 
 and 1838, xxxviii. 35 note 1839-43, 
 VII. xli. 17 note effects of the dis- 
 tress on it, 17 improvement in, 1839- 
 44, 77 and note 1815 and 1845, 117 
 note effects of the railway system 
 on, xlii. 9 flourishing state of, 1845, 
 131842 to 1847, ib. note falling off 
 in, 1847, xliii. 1231853-6, 165 note 
 1846 to 1852, VIII. lvi. 4 and note. 
 
 Commerce of Canada, increase of, since 
 1841, VI. xxxvii. 112. 
 
 Commerce, foreign, small amount of, 
 in China, VIII. xlviii. 6 indifference 
 of the Chinese to, 9. 
 
 Commerce, French, revival of, with the 
 peace, II. ix. 2 statistics of, 4 its 
 progress, III. xvii. 38 effects of want 
 of, 119 stagnation in, after revolution 
 of 1830, IV. xxv. 19 depression of, 
 1831, 35, 38 Louis Blanc on state of, 
 V. xxix. 3 improvement in, 1836, 
 xxxiii. 46 prosperous state of, 1838, 
 &c, VI. xxxiv. 9 and note French, 
 English, and American, compared, 
 
 VII. xliii. 165 note. 
 Commerce, want of, in Germany, V. 
 
 xxvii. 83 growth of, during the peace, 
 
 VIII. liii. 5 note effects of the Zoil- 
 verein on, 14. 
 
 Commerce, Indian, increase of, since 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 59 
 
 abolition of the monopoly, V. xxxi. 
 73 statistics of it, VI. xxxix. 9 and 
 note decline of, under British rule, 
 22. 
 
 Commerce, Ireland, statistics of, 1793- 
 1823, IV. xx. 6' before and since the 
 Union, V. xxxi. 124 note. 
 
 Commerce, slight esteem for, in Russia, 
 II. viii. 14 comparative want of it, 20. 
 
 Commerce, Spanish, decline of, II. vii. 
 6 that with her colonies, 7 advan- 
 tages of Spain for, 1 0. 
 
 Commerce, Turkish, in the hands of the 
 Greeks, III. xiii. 12 position of Con- 
 stantinople as regards. 38. 
 
 Commerce, United States, 1824-36, VI. 
 xxxvii. 6 note. 
 
 Commerce, West Indies, before and 
 after emancipation, VI. xxxvii. 125 
 note. 
 
 Commercial aristocracy, effects of the 
 currency bill of 1819 on the, I. i. 6 
 danger from ascendancy of a, iv. 6 
 transference of political power from 
 the, IV. xxiii. 1. 
 
 Commercial bank, the, in India, VI. 
 xxxix. 31 note. 
 
 Commercial capital, destruction of, in 
 France by the Revolution, III. xvii. 
 131. 
 
 Commercial cities, comparative want of, 
 in Germany, V. xxvii. 83. 
 
 Commercial classes, growth of the, in 
 England, as indicated by the free- 
 trade movement, III. xix. 41 in- 
 creased influence of the, and necessity 
 for reform from this, IV. xxiii. 141. 
 
 Commercial code, probable effect of re- 
 laxation of, in India, VI. xl. 3. 
 
 Commercial crisis, disastrous effects of, 
 II. x. 12 causes which led to that of 
 1847, VII. xliii. 71 effects of the 
 Irish famine, 72 progress of the 
 panic, 73 difference between this and 
 former ones, 74 debates in parlia- 
 ment on it, 75 et seq. that of 1856, 
 146 and note of 1857, 150 note in 
 France after the revolution of 1848. 
 VIII. 1. 22. 
 
 Commercial discounts, diminution of, by 
 the resumption of cash payments, II. 
 x. 23 amounts of, 1818-32, as com- 
 pared with exports, &c, IV. xxi. 19 
 note. 
 
 Commercial distress, effect of, in induc- 
 ing the desire for reform, IV. xxii. 8 
 1847, queen's speech on, VII. xliii. 105. 
 
 Commercial embarrassments, increasing, 
 in Great Britain, 1847, VII. xliii. 99, 
 100. 
 
 Commercial houses, general bankruptcy 
 of, in America, 1839, VI. xxxvii. 31. 
 
 Commercial interest, growth of the, 
 under the protective system, IV. xxiii. 
 4 representation of it, under the old 
 constitution of England, 123 its com- 
 parative prosperity, 1842, VII. xli. 
 24 preponderance of it over the agri- 
 cultural, xlii. 87 influence of this 
 with regard to the corn laws, 89 
 effects of its growth, xliii. 3. 
 
 Commercial losses, amount of, during 
 crisis of 1847, VII. xliii. 115. 
 
 Commercial morality, influence of the 
 railway mania on, VII. xlii. 6. 
 
 Commercial policy, results of the change 
 of, in Great Britain, I. i. 10 the new 
 system of, begun by Huskisson, III. 
 xix. 18 change in, induced by the 
 reform bill, IV. xxiii. 143 necessity 
 for liberal system of, in India, VI. 
 xxxix. 28. 
 
 Commercial reciprocity, advantages of, 
 to India, VI. xxxix. 18. 
 
 Commercial spirit, predominance of the, 
 in Great Britain, I. i. 27. 
 
 Commercial towns, want of representa- 
 tion of the, in Great Britain, IV. xxii. 
 2 of Germany, feeling, &c. in the, 
 
 V. xxvii. 79. 
 
 Commercial wealth, increase of, its effect 
 in stimulating the desire for reform, 
 IV. xxii. 2 destruction of, in France 
 during the Revolution, VII. xliv. 
 39. 
 
 Commissariat, difficulties of the French 
 regarding, in Spain, II. xii. 68 under- 
 taken by Ouvrard, 69. 
 
 Commissariat fort at Cabul, position of 
 the, VI. xl. 101 its capture by the 
 insurgents, 105. 
 
 Commission d' Enquete, the, VIII. 1. 74, 
 75 its report on the revolts, li. 2. 
 
 Commissions, purchase of, advantages of 
 system, III. xvii. 109. 
 
 Committals, great increase of, in Eng- 
 land, VIII. lvi. 38, 41. 
 
 Common Council of London, address of 
 the, in 1816, I. ii. 66. 
 
 Commons, the, influence of Canning in, 
 II. xi. 4 Peel on the vacillation on 
 the Catholic question in, IV. xxi. 132 
 influence of realised capital -in, 
 xxiii. 4 the old, all classes represented 
 in, 123 this proved from its acts, 124 
 admission of talent through the 
 close boroughs to, 132 the command 
 of, gained by the shopkeepers, 136 
 the debates in, as contrasted with the 
 Lords, IV. xxv. 106 opposition to the 
 Irish coercion bill in, V. xxxi. 42 
 danger from collision with the Lords, 
 
 VI. xxxvi. 41 majority for the sliding 
 scale in, VII. xli. 40 report of com- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 60 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Commons, the, continued. 
 
 mittee of, on bank charter act, xliii. 
 112. See Parliament. 
 
 Commons, regulations for division of, in 
 Prussia, V. xxvii. 43. 
 
 Coinmuneros of Spain, the, II. xi. 40 
 their increased violence, 49. 
 
 Communication, want of means of, in 
 Russia, II. viii. 31, 39 effect of the 
 want of means of, in Turkey, III. xiii. 
 26 defective means of, in India, VI., 
 xxxix. 19. 
 
 Communism, advocacy of, by the French 
 republicans, VI. xxxiv. 43 Louis 
 Blanc's principles of, VII. xliv. 101. 
 
 Commutation of tithes, recommended by 
 committee on Ireland, V. xxxi. 13 
 its advantages, 14 scheme for com- 
 pulsory, 17 bill for, 1835, VI. xxxv. 
 30. See Tithes. 
 
 Comorn, see Komorn. 
 
 Compagnies d' Elite, decree dissolving 
 the, VIII. 1. 50 demonstration against 
 this, 51. 
 
 Compass, early knowledge of the, in 
 China, VIII. xlviii. 17. 
 
 Competition, excessive, in France after 
 the Revolution, and its effects, III. 
 xvii. 132 alleged influence of, on the 
 national distress of 1830, IV. xxii. 23. 
 
 Comptoirs Nationaux, establishment of, 
 in France, VIII. 1. 26. 
 
 Concession, alleged effects of in Ireland, 
 
 IV. xxi. 140. 
 Conciliation, failure of, in Ireland, II. x. 
 
 115. 
 
 Concilii, a leader of the Neapolitan re- 
 volution, II. vii. 106. 
 
 Concordat, failure of the law for estab- 
 lishing the, I. vi. 57. 
 
 Conde, the prince of, II. ix. 46 objects 
 to taking the oath of fidelity, I. iii. 
 62. 
 
 Condurriottis, appointed commander in 
 the Morea, III. xiv. 120 defeated, 
 121 an opponent of Capo d' Istria's, 
 
 V. xxxii. 34 chosen president, 36. 
 Confiscation, abolition of, in Turkey, III. 
 
 xv. 14 effects of the early, in Ireland, 
 IV. xx. 7 reform with regard to, in 
 Turkey, V. xxxii. 52. 
 
 Confucius, followers of, in China, VIII. 
 xlviii. 16. 
 
 Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, the, I. vi. 
 60 the ambassadors, &c. at it, 61, 62 
 the treaties of, 64, 65 secret pro- 
 tocols, 67, 68 military arrangements, 
 69 secret royalist memoir jiresented, 
 70. 
 
 Congress of Troppau, the, II. viii. 70 
 of Laybach, 72 discussion in parlia- 
 ment on them, x. 93. 
 
 The Lara 
 
 Congress of Verona, the, agreed to, II. 
 xii. 10. See Verona. 
 
 Congress, the American, renewal of the 
 bank charter by, VI. xxxvii. 17 
 decision in, on the withdrawal of the 
 public deposits from it, 19. 
 
 Coni, occupation of, by the Austrians, II. 
 viii. 86. 
 
 Connaught, state of the peasautry in, II. 
 x.116 famine in, 1823, 122 Catholics 
 and Protestants in, IV. xx. 25 note. 
 
 Conneau, Dr, aids Louis Napoleon to 
 escape, VII. xlvi. 31. 
 
 Connecticut, statistics of banks in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 7 note. 
 
 Conolly, Edward, VI. xl. 83 death of, 
 90. 
 
 Conolly, captain, description of Herat by, 
 VI. xl. 44 urges removal into the 
 Bala-Hissar, 119. 
 
 Conquest, general character of, VI. 
 xxxix. 2 passion for, in Russia, II. 
 viii. 14 foreign, forced on Russia by 
 her climate, 34 the destiny of Russia, 
 54 necessity of, to France, III. xvii. 
 117 and to the British in India, VI. 
 xxxix. 14. 
 
 Conscription, objections to the, in France, 
 I. vi. 46 partial abandonment of it, 
 47 effects of its cessation, VII. xliv. 
 40 effects of, on the continental 
 armies, xliii. 25. 
 
 Conseil, the expedition of, organised in 
 Switzerland, VII. xlvi. 90. 
 
 Conservateur, the, the royalist journal in 
 1818, I. vi. 75. 
 
 Conservatism, decline of, among the 
 higher classes in Britain, I. v. 110, 112 
 reaction in favour of, VI. xxxv. 45. 
 
 Conservative press, the, in England, 1 835, 
 VI. xxxv. 18. 
 
 Conservatives and reformers, clear di- 
 vision of, in England, IV. xxiii. 54 
 early error of the, regarding the re- 
 form bill, 138 what their course 
 should have been, 139 their error in 
 throwing out the Wellington ministry, 
 140 faults of, regarding the reform 
 bill, 159 their triumph in 1815 left 
 the seeds of revolution in all European 
 states, V. xxvii. 91 effect of their 
 firmness during the reform mania, 
 xxxi. 6 course taken by them on the 
 Russo-Belgian loan, 11 general re- 
 fusal of pledges by, 25 their losses in 
 the elections of 1833, 26 support 
 government on the address, 1833, 27 
 opposition of, to the bill for reducing 
 the Irish church establishment, 46 - 
 patriotic conduct of, 1S33, 63 argu- 
 ments of, against corporate reform 
 bill, VI. xxxvi. 12 complaints against 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 61 
 
 William IV. by, 77 gains of, by the 
 elections of 1841, xxxviii. 57 different 
 views of Peel taken by, at different 
 times, VII. xli. 1 the new school of 
 libera], xliii. 2 at elections of 1852, 
 VIII. lvi. 69. See also Tories. 
 
 Conservatives, the Swiss, policy, &c. of, 
 VII. xlvi. 91 supported by France 
 and Austria, 97. 
 
 Considerant, appointed by mob to pro- 
 visional government, VIII. 1. 73. 
 
 Constant, Benjamin, defeated in the 
 elections for 1817, I. vi. 42 returned 
 as member to the Deputies, 75 the 
 works of, prohibited in Spain, II. vii. 
 45 elected a member of the Deputies, 
 ix. 9 heads the extreme liberals in 
 1819, 27 arguments of, against the 
 proposed law of arrest, 52 inflamma- 
 tory address of, 75 attack on, at 
 Saumur, 90 named a member of 
 Berton's provisional government, xi. 
 19 proposed to head the Spanish re- 
 volutionists, xii. 62 on the disband- 
 ing of the National Guard, III. xvi. 67 
 returned for Paris in 1827, 71 83 
 efforts of, against the Polignac 
 ministry, xvii. 19 objects of the 
 party of, 102 at Lafitte's, IV. xxiv. 
 25 accompanies the Duke of Orleans 
 to the Hotel de Ville, 29. 
 
 Constant, Casimir, returned for Paris, 
 1824, II. xii. 108. 
 
 Constantine, the grand-duke, III. xv. 30 
 visit of, to Paris, I. vi. 74 placed 
 at the head of the grand-duchy of 
 Warsaw in 1815, II. viii. 3 his pre- 
 vious history, 6 his character, 7 first 
 measures of, as King of Poland, and 
 training of the army, 8 state to which 
 he brought the latter, 10 his claim 
 to the crown, and circumstances con- 
 nected with it, 111 he refuses the 
 throne, 112 circumstances which led 
 to this, 113 his previous renunciation 
 of his right, 114 plans of the con- 
 spirators with regard to, 120 the re- 
 volt nominally in his favour, 123 at 
 the coronation of Nicholas, 1 48 
 tyranny of, as viceroy of Poland, IV. 
 xx vi. 10 proposed assassination of, 
 14 his supineness, 75 his narrow 
 escape from the insurgents, 16 re- 
 treats from Warsaw, 17 negotiations 
 of the provisional government with, 
 19 he sends back the Polish troops 
 and retreats into Russia, 20 strange 
 conduct of, during his retreat, 26 
 movements of, on Warsaw, 47 death 
 of, 78. 
 
 Constantine, the grand-duke, VIII. liii. 
 40 at battle of Waitzen, lv. 60. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Constantine, Bey of, defeated by the 
 French, V. xxxhi. 7 joins the league 
 against the French, 104. 
 
 Constantine, forces, &c. for the expe- 
 dition to, V. xxxiii. 107 the march 
 and its hardships, 108 description 
 of it, 109 repulse of the French, 110 
 their retreat, 111 preparations for 
 second expedition to, 119 commence- 
 ment of siege, 120 its progress, 121 
 the assault, 122 joy in France on 
 the capture of, VI. xxxiv. 1 province 
 of, VII. xlv. 47. 
 
 Constantinople, tendency of Russia to- 
 ward, II. viii. 34 importance of their 
 possession of, to the Turks, III. xiii. 
 10 -encouragement of importation 
 into, 21 population of, 32 note in- 
 fluence of, on the fortunes of mankind, 
 37 rits situation, 38 description of 
 the city, 39 as seen from the sea, 40 
 its interior, 41 its population, and 
 equality of the sexes, 42 natural 
 barriers to conquest of, 53 the coun- 
 try between the Balkan and, 56 un- 
 changing views of Russia on, 75 
 excitement in, on the Greek insurrec- 
 tion, and murder of the Patriarch, 
 xiv. 23 fresh murders, 24 threaten- 
 ed massacre of the Christians in, 52 
 rejoicings in, on the death of Ali 
 Pasha, 57 revolution at, in favour of 
 the Janizaries, 84 great fire at, 85 
 revolt and destruction of the Janizaries 
 at, xv. 9 et seq. great fire in, 13 
 warlike preparations at, 50 excite- 
 ment in, on the passage of the Balkan, 
 136 surrender of, to Russia, agreed 
 to by the Polignac ministry, xvii. 49 
 cholera in, V. xxix. 31 effects of 
 possession of, on Turkey, xxxii. 1 
 danger of, after the battle of Konieh, 
 20 Russian fleet at, 26 academy 
 established at, 53 military arrange- 
 ments of the allies regarding, 57 
 danger of, from treaty of Unkiar- 
 Skelessi, VI. xxxiv. 116, 177 secret 
 proposals of Russia regarding, VII. 
 xli. 120. 
 
 Constituencies, large, their jealousy of 
 talent, IV. xxiii. 152. 
 
 Constituency, the, in France, under the 
 Restoration, III. xvii. 114. 
 
 Constituent Assembly, the Austrian, 
 meeting of, VIII. liv. 30 its composi- 
 tion, ib. 
 
 Constituent Assembly, the French, dis- 
 cussion on constitution, VIII. li. 6 
 argument for single Chamber, 7 et seq. 
 and against it, 9 division, 11 dis- 
 cussion on election of president, 12 
 et seq. division on it, 15 adoption 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 62 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Constituent Assembly, continued. 
 
 of constitution, 16 efforts of the re- 
 publicans against Louis Napoleon, lvii. 
 12, 13 motion for its dissolution 
 carried, 14. 
 
 Constituent Assembly, the Spanish, of 
 1812, its composition, proceedings, 
 &c, II. vii. 20. 
 
 Constitution, the new Austrian, 1849, 
 VIII. lv. 2. 
 
 Constitution, Danish, 1848, VIII. liii. 
 34. 
 
 Constitution, the new, of France after 
 the fall of Charles X., IV. xxiv. 42, 
 43 discussion on it, 1848, VIII. li. 6 
 et seq. adoption and proclamation of 
 it, 16 summary of it, 17 revision of 
 it, VIII. lvii. 38 vote against it, 40. 
 
 Constitution, the old, of Great Britain, 
 principle of, IV. xxiii. 123 its work- 
 ing as shown by the acts of the House 
 of Commons, 124 what first broke 
 it up, 127. 
 
 Constitution, the German, 1848, VIII. 
 liii. 44, 76 new, agreed to by Prussia, 
 &c, 84 et seq. 
 
 Constitution, Greece, proclamation of a, 
 III. xiv. 54 new, VII. xlvi. 55. 
 
 Constitution, establishment of, in Hano- 
 ver, IV. xxv. 34. 
 
 Constitution, new, Holland, 1848, VIII. 
 liii. 19. 
 
 Constitution, publication of a, in Naples, 
 
 VII. xlvi. 85 proclamation of a, 1848, 
 
 VIII. Hi. 18. 
 
 Constitution, Piedmont, VII. xlvi. 86. 
 
 Constitution, the Polish, violations of, by 
 Russia, IV. xxvi. 10. 
 
 Constitution, revival of question of, in 
 Prussia, on accession of Frederick 
 William IV., V. xxvii. 62 answer of 
 the king to demand for it, 63 grant- 
 ing of a, 77 that of 1848, VIII. liii. 
 28 et seq., 50 new, 62. 
 
 Constitution, proclaimed in Rome, 
 VIII. lii. 23. 
 
 Constitution, the Spanish, of 1812, II. 
 vii. 20 its democratic character and 
 tendency, 21 its unsuitableness to 
 the people, 22 unpopularity of, 23, 
 29 annulled by the decree of Valencia, 
 30 rejoicings at this, 32 of 1820, 
 acceptance of, by the king, 70 adopt- 
 ed by the Portuguese revolutionists, 
 99 acceptance of, by the King of 
 Naples, 108 adopted in Piedmont, 
 121. 
 
 Constitution, proclaimed in Tuscany, 
 VII. xlvi. 86, VIII. lii. 25. 
 
 Constitutional assemblies, provision for, 
 by the constitution of the Germanic 
 Confederacy, V. xxvii. 4. 
 
 7V La 
 
 Constitutional governments, final act of 
 the Germanic Diet regarding, V. xxvii. 
 33 its effect, 34. 
 
 Constitutional monarchy, selection of 
 ministry under, III. xvii. 100. 
 
 Constitutional party, increasing demands 
 of the, in France, II. ix. 6. 
 
 Constitutionalism, resolution of the Ger- 
 manic Diet against, V. xxvii. 19. 
 
 Constitutionnel newspaper, the, II. ix. 
 14 prosecution of it, III. xvi. 37 
 its circulation, xvii. 19 note its tone, 
 1839, VI. xxxiv. 40 in 1840, sup- 
 ports Thiers, 76. 
 
 Constructive treason, the English law of, 
 I. iv. 22. 
 
 Considate and Empire, Thiers' History 
 of the, III. xvii. 12, xviii. 37. 
 
 Consumers, policy of government to- 
 ward, in Turkey, III. xiii. 21 influ- 
 ence of free trade on interests of, xix. 
 43 et seq. and producers, collision of 
 interests between, IV. xxii. 3, 4, xxiii. 
 127 increased sway of, in Great Bri- 
 tain, 1 undue influence given by the 
 reform bill to them, 160, VII. xliii. 
 21 interests of, urge to repeal of the 
 corn laws, xlii. 89. 
 
 Constantadini, murder of Rossi by, VIII. 
 lii. 80. 
 
 Continent, reaction on the, against 
 France, I. i. 1 change of policy in 
 Britain toward, 29 strain on the 
 money market, &c, 1819, II. x. 17, 
 18 the first railway on, V. xxvii. 56 
 impression produced by the suppres- 
 sion of the Chartist insurrection in 
 England, VII. xliii. 136 effects of the 
 monetary crisis in England on, 141. 
 
 Continental armies, composition of, com- 
 pared with the British, VII. xliii. 25. 
 
 Continental policy, change in, since the 
 reform bill, IV. xxiii. 120. 
 
 Continental powers, Brougham on the 
 conduct of the, toward Spain, II. xii. 
 32 how conciliated on behalf of gov- 
 ernment of Louis Philippe, V. xxx. 3. 
 
 Contributions, amount of, levied by the 
 allies on France, I. iii. 48. 
 
 Convents, law regarding, in France, III. 
 xvi. 34 measures of the revolutionists 
 regarding, in Switzerland, VII. xlvi. 92. 
 
 Conversion, removal of civil forfeitures 
 on, in India. VI. xl. 11. 
 
 Convicts, efforts for amelioration of, in 
 France, II. ix. 7 the ticket-of-leave 
 system for, and its results, VIII. lvi. 
 42. 
 
 Convict labour, advantages of, to infant 
 colonies, VI. xxxviii. 7. 
 
 Convict settlement, proposed French, in 
 the Marquesas, VII. xli. 98. 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 63 
 
 Convictions, difficulty of, in Ireland, 
 
 VII. xlii. 73, 74. 
 Conyngham, the marquess of, visit of 
 George IV. to, II. x. 110 becomes 
 postmaster-general, V. xxxi. 129. 
 Cooper, lieut., defeat of Akhtar Khan by, 
 
 VI. xl. 97. 
 
 Coord Cabul defile, the retreat through 
 
 the, VI. xl. 130 ascent of the plateau, 
 
 131. 
 
 Coorg, rajah of, deposition of, VI. xl. 12. 
 
 Coote, lieut., at Hyderabad, VIII. xlix. 
 
 25. 
 Copenhagen, Nelson's attack on, as an 
 illustration of naval attack on land 
 defences, VI. xxxiv. 29. 
 Copley, Sir John, becomes Lord Lynd- 
 hurst and Lord Chancellor, IV. xxi. 
 66. See Lyndhurst. 
 Copons, general, appointed captain-gene- 
 ral of Madrid, II. xi. 70 compelled to 
 resign, 71. 
 Copper, reduction in price of, on the 
 peace, I. ii. 8 reduction of duties on, 
 1825, III. xix. 76. 
 Coppons, M. de, II. xii. 87. 
 Copyright, debate on the law of, in 
 
 France, 1841, VII. xliv. 57. 
 Copyright act, passing of the, VII. xli. 
 
 62 reflections on it, 63. 
 Corbet, M., his arrest ordered, V. xxix. 
 
 67. 
 Corbiere, M. de, character of, I. iii. 57, 
 II. xi. 12 in the Chamber of Deputies 
 of 1816, I. vi. 9 proposed as presi- 
 dent, 10 conferences of, with Riche- 
 lieu for a union with the royalists, ii. 
 ix. 87 placed at the head of the com- 
 mission for public instruction, 93 
 appointed minister of public instruc- 
 tion, 97 resignation of, 106 minister 
 of the interior in the Villele ministry. 
 107 supports Villele on the Spanish 
 question, xii. 25 resignation of, III. 
 xvi. 73. 
 Corbin, colonel, at assault of Constan- 
 
 tine, V. xxxiii. 122. 
 Corcelles, M. de, violent language of, in 
 the Deputies, II. ix. 77 a leader 
 of the conspiracy in the army, 80, 81 
 one of the conspirators at Bdfort, 
 xi. 18. 
 Cordon, baron, VIII. liv. 75. 
 Cordova, reception of the French in, 
 
 II. xii. 77. 
 Corfe Castle, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 
 42 note. 
 Corinne, Madame de Stael's, III. xviii. 
 
 15. 
 Corinth, capture of the citadel of, by 
 the Greeks, III. xiv. 42 seat of gov- 
 ernment transferred to, 54 surrender 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 of the citadel of, to the Turks, 70 op- 
 position government at, 1831, V. xxxii. 
 34. 
 Cork, memorial of magistrates of, on the 
 state of the county in 1822, II. x. 120 
 note trials and sentences in, 121 
 the famine of 1823 in, 122 note 
 crimes in, 1823, IV. xx. 20 opera- 
 tion of insurrection act in, 1824, 23 
 note anti-tithe meeting at, 1832, V. 
 xxxi. 21 bill abolishing bishopric of, 
 45 note proposed reform of corpora- 
 tion of, VI. xxxvi. 33 foundation of 
 secular college of, VII. xlii. 22 garri- 
 son required for, xliii. 27 note defen- 
 sive measures of government at, 1848, 
 138. 
 Cormack's house, defeat of Smith O'Brien 
 
 at, VII. xliii. 139. 
 Cormenin, M. de, advocates a republic, 
 V. xxix. 20 heads the committee of 
 the secret societies, xxx. 41 letter 
 by, on the treason trials, xxxiii. 23 
 pamphlet by, against the dotation of 
 the Duke de Nemours, VI. xxxiv. 
 72. 
 Corn, dependence of Great Britain on 
 foreign countries for, I. i. 10 supply 
 of, companies for, 1825, III. xix. 66 
 note bonded, letting out of, 1826, 
 IV. xxi. 3 proposed alteration in 
 duties on, VI. xxxviii. 42. 
 Corn law, modified, in 1822, II. x. 130 
 
 bill of 1828, the, IV. xxi. 101. 
 Corn laws, the, effects of the abolition 
 of, on Russia, II. viii. 53 statistics 
 illustrating the effects of the abolition 
 of, III. xix. 47 note remote cause of 
 the repeal, 17 it due to national 
 suffering, 18 motion for repeal of, 
 1826, IV. xxi. 33 arguments for it, 
 34 and against it, 37 division, 41 
 temporary relaxation of, 1826, 47 
 
 outcry for abolition, 1839, VI. 
 xxxviii. 36 Mr Villiers' motion on 
 them, 37 increased agitation on 
 the subject, 38 motion by Lord 
 John Russell on, 1841, 42 declara- 
 tion of Peel against repeal, 1841, 
 46 Peel's change of view on, VII. 
 xli. 2 arguments used by the League 
 against, 25 excitement against, 1842, 
 28 Sir R. Peel's plan, and his speech 
 in favour of it, ib. et seq. the sliding 
 scale, 34 arguments against it, 35 
 
 it is passed, 40 reception of it, 
 41 Peel on the effect of total 
 repeal, 32 increased agitation against, 
 85 new efforts and arguments of the 
 League against, 1845, xlii. 33 declar- 
 ations in parliament on them, 34 - 
 further divisions on them, 35 their 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 64 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Corn laws, the, continued. 
 
 abolition had become inevitable, 36 
 increased efforts of the League against, 
 on the appearance of the potato dis- 
 ease, 39 Lord John Russell's letter, 
 41 et seq. announcement in Times of 
 their repeal being resolved on, 46 
 declaration in queen's speech on, 47 
 Sir R. Peel's argument for the re- 
 peal, 48 etseq. reception of the mea- 
 sure in the country, 56 answer of 
 Disraeli, 57 arguments against bill, 
 59 result of debate, 65 Wellington's 
 speech in the Lords, 66 was a return 
 to them after the scarcity practicable ? 
 87 the danger of scarcity past before 
 the bill for their abolition was brought 
 in, 88 durable reasons for their re- 
 peal, 89 their repeal not free trade, 
 but removal of protection from agri- 
 culture, 90 conduct of the Irish 
 members on the question, 91 con- 
 duct of the Duke of Wellington re- 
 garding, 92 and of Sir R. Peel, 93 
 their repeal inevitable, 94 breaking 
 up of the old Tory party by the re- 
 peal, xliii. 2 the demand for it caused 
 by the currency laws, 3 modification 
 of, in France, II. ix. 101. 
 
 Corn trade, fall of houses engaged in the, 
 1847, VII. xliii. 100. 
 
 Cornegliano, the duke of, made a peer, 
 I. vi. 96. See Moncey. 
 
 Corneille, the dramas of, V. xxviii. 2. 
 
 Cornwall, additional members for, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note election of 1831 for, 
 68. 
 
 Cornwallis, lord, the Zemindar system 
 as established by, VI. xxxix. 15 his 
 second administration of India, 34 
 his death, 36. 
 
 Coron, castle of, relieved by the Turks, 
 III. xiv. 91 evacuation of, by the 
 French, V. xxxii. 38. 
 
 Coronation oath, modification of the, in 
 France, III. xvi. 36. 
 
 Corporal punishment, universality of, in 
 Russia, II. viii. 36 abolition of, in 
 the Indian army, VI. xl. 6 sentences 
 of, in the army, 1839-43, VII. xliii. 23 
 - necessity for it in the field, 26. 
 
 Corporate funds, administration of, un- 
 der municipal reform bill, VI. xxxvi. 
 7,8. 
 
 Corporations, the, in Russia, II. viii. 
 26 exclusion of dissenters from, by 
 the test act, IV. xxi. 103 the Eng- 
 lish, government report on, VI. xxxvi. 
 6 bill for reform of, 7 enactments 
 of municipal reform bill regarding, 7 
 the Irish, state of, 31 government 
 plan of reform, and debate on it, 32 
 
 The La 
 
 et seq. bill carried in Commons, 38 
 altered in Lords, and finally rejected, 
 39. 
 
 Corporation reform, proposed by the 
 Melbourne ministry, VI. xxxvi. 4 
 demand for, in Ireland, VII. xlii. 
 78. 
 
 Correggio, Oehlenschlager's drama of, 
 V. xxviii. 24. 
 
 Correl, M., signs the protest against the 
 ordonnances, III. xvii. 63. 
 
 Corruption, universality of, in Russia, II. 
 viii. 49 Irish, debate on, 1824, IV. 
 xx. 22 alleged prevalence of, in par- 
 liament, xxiii. 51 increase of, under 
 the reform bill, 154 which would 
 still more increase under the ballot 
 and extended suffrage, 155 preva- 
 lence of, in France under Louis Phi- 
 lippe, xxiv. 7 universal, in France, 
 xxv. 41 foundation of the govern- 
 ment of Louis Philippe on, V. xxx. 2 
 government, increase of, under 
 Louis Philippe, 60 increase of, under 
 the reform act, xxxi. 24 alleged ac- 
 complishment of the Irish union by, 
 118 government patronage used as the 
 means of, in France, VI. xxxiv. 13 
 great increase of it, 14 employment 
 of, under the government of Louis 
 Philippe, VII. xliv. 15 its universa- 
 lity, and causes of this, 17 great ex- 
 tent of, among the ministerial majority 
 in France, 104, 105 general, in 
 France, 1847, xlvii. 1 in the French 
 government departments, 9 events 
 which brought it to light, 10. 
 
 Corry, Hon. H. L., a lord of the admir- 
 alty, 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Corsaire, suppression of the, V. xxix. 
 67. 
 
 Corsica, lauding and movements of 
 Murat in, I. iii. 98. 
 
 Corsini, prince, a member of the provi- 
 sional government at Rome, VIII. Iii. 
 82. 
 
 Corte, M., signs the protest against the 
 ordonnances, III. xvii. 63. 
 
 Cortes, the Spanish, of 1812, composition, 
 &c. of, II. vii. 20 as settled by that 
 constitution, 21 their unpopularity, 
 23 their influence on South America, 
 24 reception of Ferdinand VII. by, 
 28 their universal unpopularity, 29 
 their proceedings annulled by the de- 
 cree of Valencia, 30 the summoning 
 of them promised by that decree, 31 
 their dispersion, &c., 32 meeting and 
 composition of, in 1820, 79 opening 
 of, 82 report on the state of the army, 
 83 the majority, and leaders in, 84 
 suppression of the Jesuits, and mea- 
 
 rge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 65 
 
 sures regarding entails, 85 financial 
 measures of the, 86 closing of the 
 session, and rupture with the king, 
 88 proposals for assembling, in Por- 
 tugal, 99 mode of doing so, 100 
 meeting of, in Spain, and the king's 
 speech, xi. 28 their conduct on the 
 dismissal of the ministry, and appoint- 
 ment of new one, 29 revolutionary 
 laws passed by, 32 conduct of, on 
 the murder of Vinuesa, 34 their fur- 
 ther proceedings, 36 closing of the, 
 37 extraordinary convocation of, 
 46 contradictory resolutions, 47 
 composition of the new, 51 new 
 laws against the press, &c, 50 dis- 
 tmion between, and the government, 
 54 their proceedings, 55 severe 
 laws passed by, 59 extraordinary 
 powers given the ministry by, 61 
 reply of, to the French manifes- 
 to, xii. 30 retire from Madrid on 
 the advance of the French, 74 pro- 
 ceedings of, and deposition of the 
 king, 78 negotiations of, with the 
 French, 88 their dissolution, 89 
 the Portuguese, insurrection against, 
 97 overthrown, 98. 
 
 Cortlandt, colonel, operations of, against 
 the Sikhs, VIII. xlix. 95. 
 
 Corunna, former importance of the trade 
 of, II. vii. 7,8 revolt of General Porlier 
 at, 38 declared a free port, 51 in- 
 surrection at, 69 transportation of 
 roj T alistsfrom,xi. 31 theCommuneros 
 in, 40 revolt of Mei'ia at, 45 holds 
 out for the revolutionists, xii. 79 
 surrender of, 83. 
 
 Corvee, the, in Russia, II. viii. 29. 
 
 Corvees, disputes regardiug the, in 
 Gallicia, VII. xlvi. 16 abolition of, 
 by Hungarian Diet, VIII. liv. 29. 
 
 Corvetto, M., I. vi. 39 report by, on the 
 finances for 1818, 58 retirement of, 
 from the ministry, 76. 
 
 Cosmos, Humboldt's, III. xviii. 61. 
 
 Cossacks, organisation, &c. of the, II. 
 viii. 44 abolition of torture among 
 the, III. xv. 20 number of, in Russia, 
 1831, IV.xxvi. 41 note. 
 
 Cote, Dr, a leader of the Canadian in- 
 surgents, VI. xxxvii. 104. 
 
 Cottenham, lord, decision of, on O'Con- 
 nell's case, VII. xii. 73 lord chan- 
 cellor, 1846, xliii. 4 and note. 
 
 Cotton, Sir Stapleton, see Combermere. 
 
 Cotton, general, afterwards Sir W., sup- 
 pression of the -slave insurrection by, 
 V. xxxi. 88 victory of, before Ran- 
 goon, VI. xxxix. 64 further opera- 
 tions under, 65, 69 at battle of 
 Milloon, 71 during the Affghanistan 
 
 expedition, xl. 63 created a knight, 
 75 left in chief command after Sir 
 J. Keane retires, 78 retires from 
 command at Cabul, 99 occupation of 
 Khyrpore by, VIII. xlix. 6. 
 Cotton, fall in, 1818 to 1822, II. x. 23 
 note, 136 prices, as compared with 
 currency in England, III. xix. 6 note 
 prices, in England, 1822-5, 7 note 
 increased export from England, 
 1822, 9 prices, 1824-5, 64 note con- 
 sumption, 1822-5, ib. fell in, 1825-6, 
 79 note prices, 1818-32, as com- 
 pared with currency, &c, IV. xxi. 19 
 note prices, 1827-9, xxii. 16 note 
 imports, 1827-9, ib. raw, proposed 
 duty on, 29 note prices, 1824-32, 130 
 note reduction of duty on, 1833, 
 
 V. xxxi. 58, 59 note fall in, in 
 America, 1837, VI. xxxvii. 28, 31 
 prices, 1835 to 1839, 31 note fall in, 
 1782-1837, 46 note neglect of India 
 as a field for production of, xxxix. 1 9 
 imports, 1839-44, VII. xii. 77 note 
 abolition of duty on, xlii. 15 slave- 
 grown, Lord John Russell on the admis- 
 sion of, xliii. 6 failure of the crop, 
 its alleged influence on the monetary 
 crisis of 1847, 79, 84 great rise in, 
 from the crash of 1839 in America, 
 116 prices, 1845 to 1851, 115 note. 
 
 Cotton goods, increase in exports of, 
 from Great Britain, I. v. 4 their dimi- 
 nished value, ib. increased duties on 
 importation of, into Prussia, V. xxvii. 
 76 export of, to India, xxxi. 73 
 decline of exported, from India, VI. 
 xxxix. 22. 
 
 Cotton manufacture, progress of, in 
 Great Britain, I. v. 4 progress of, in 
 Germany, V. xxvii. 7 of India, effects 
 of our commercial code on, VI. xl. 3 
 proposed reduction of duties on, VII. 
 xlii. 48, 49 growth of, xliii. 92 ex- 
 ports of, 1840-56, ib. note. 
 
 Cotton spinners, depressed state of the, 
 in France, 1831, V. xxix. 2 great 
 strike of the, in Glasgow, 1837, and its 
 break up, VI. xxxvii. 53 indictment 
 of the committee, 54 their trial and 
 sentence, 55. 
 
 Cotton-spinners' trial at Edinburgh, the, 
 III. xix. 56 note. 
 
 Cotton wool, imports ofj 1841 to 1847, 
 VII. xliii. 84 note. 
 
 Cotton yarn, fall in price of, 1782-1837, 
 
 VI. xxxvii. 46 note. 
 
 Council of Public Credit, the, in Russia, 
 II. viii. 61. 
 
 Council of State, the French, admission of 
 liberals into, I, vi. 82 debate on re- 
 form in, VII. xliv. 67 measures re- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph. 
 
 B
 
 66 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Council of State, the French, continued. 
 garding, VIII. lvii. 9 vote in, for dis- 
 solution of Assembly, 11. 
 
 Counsel to prisoners, bill regarding, VI. 
 xxxvi. 48. 
 
 Count Egrnont, Goethe's, V. xxviii. 12. 
 
 Counties, interests of the, at variance 
 with those of the boroughs, IV. xxii. 
 3 proposed elective franchise for, 
 xxiii. 43 majority for the, 1831, in 
 favour of the reform bill, 68 the, 
 strength of the reform feeling in, 133 
 comparative absence of bribery in, 
 154 restriction of time of polling in, 
 under the reform act, V. xxxi. 24 the 
 elections of 1841 for, VI. xxxviii. 57. 
 
 Country, universality of love of, VI. 
 xxxix. 1 causes of this, 2 crowding of 
 population into towns from, in France, 
 III. xvii. 130 fall in the value of in- 
 dustry in the, IV. xxii. 27 mortality 
 in, compared with that in towns, VII. 
 xliii. 93 note. 
 
 Country bankers, over-issues of the, 1825, 
 III. xix. C6 pressure on the, 1825, 
 and failures among them, 80 their 
 stability, 82 alleged over-issues of the, 
 1825, IV. xxi. 5 alleged cause of the 
 insecurity of, 9 anticipated effect of 
 the suppression of small notes on the, 
 12 defence of the, from the charge 
 of over-speculation, 13 pressure on 
 the, and its causes, 1823, 14 alarm of 
 the, on the bank act, VII. xli. 107. 
 
 Country banks, circulation of, 1 818-32, 
 as compared with exports, &c, IV. 
 xxi. 19 note. 
 
 Country districts, difference between the, 
 and the towns in Spain, II. vii. 14 
 comparative mortality of, VII. xliii. 
 157, VIII. lvi. 35. 
 
 County members, majority of the, 
 against the reform bill, IV. xxiii. 57 
 note number of, under new reform 
 bill, 94, 119 the reform bill carried 
 by the, 135. 
 
 County and borough members, dispro- 
 portion between, IV. xxiii. 136. 
 
 County rates, expenditure of the, in 
 Ireland, IV. xx. 11. 
 
 Coup d'etat, arguments for a, in 1816, I. 
 iii. 129 preparations for the, and its 
 execution, VIII. lvii. 48. 
 
 Coups d'etat, repeated, in France, I. vi. 
 99 these all on the popular side, 100 
 frequency and necessity of, in 
 France, III. xvii. 135 origin of this, 
 136. 
 
 Courand, captain, desertion of Murat by, 
 I. iii. 100. 
 
 Courcelles, M., on reform, 184], VII. 
 xliv. 56. 
 
 Courier, Paul, opposed to the ultra- 
 montane party, III. xvi. 11 efforts 
 of, against the Polignac ministry, xvii. 
 19 the works of, xviii. 66. 
 
 Courland, enfranchisement of the serfs 
 of, II. viii. 65 the acquisition of, by 
 Russia, III. xiii. 68. 
 
 Courrier newspaper, the organ of the 
 Doctrinaires, II. ix. 14. 
 
 Courrier de l'Europe, suppression of the, 
 
 V. xxxi. 67. 
 
 Courrier Francais, the, on Charles X., III. 
 xvi. 7 prosecution of, 37 circulation 
 of, xvii. 19 note supports the Duke of 
 Orleans, IV. xxiv. 15 denunciations 
 of Casimir Perier by, xxv. 51 sup- 
 pression of it, V. xxix. 67 its tone, 
 
 1839, VI. xxxiv. 40 supports Thiers, 
 
 1840, 76. 
 
 Courrier de Gand, the, I. iii. 7. 
 
 Courrier de la Sarthe, prosecution of the, 
 VII. xliv. 65. 
 
 Courtais, general, and the Compagnies 
 d'Elite, VIII. 1. 51 conduct of, on the 
 revolt of March, 59, 61 irresolution 
 of, on the revolt of 15th May, 71 dis- 
 missed from command, 74. 
 
 Courtarvel, M., motion by, regarding the 
 censorship of the press, II. ix. 103. 
 
 Courts-martial, law passed in France 
 establishing, I. iii. 68 proceedings of 
 the, and their dissolution, V. xxix. 78. 
 
 Courvoisier, M. de, in the Chamber of 
 1816, I. vi. 10 arguments of, in fa- 
 vour of the new laws regarding personal 
 freedom and the liberty of the press, 
 23 arguments of, on a proprietary 
 clergy, 36 arguments of, for the new 
 law of recruiting, 48 amendment on 
 the new electoral law moved .by, II. 
 ix. 74 minister of justice, III. xvi. 91 
 character of, xvii. 5 resignation of, 
 50. 
 
 Cousin, M., the writings of, III. xviii. 54 
 a leader of the liberals in the Peers, 
 
 VI. xxxiv. 2 minister of public in- 
 struction under Thiers, 73 note op- 
 position of, to the bill regarding Jesuit 
 schools, VII. xlvi. 5 and to the 
 Jesuits, 11 at the last council of 
 Louis Philippe, 65. 
 
 Coussergues, Clausel de, charge brought 
 
 against Dccazes by, II. ix. 41. 
 Covent Garden Theatre, the anti-corn-law 
 
 bazaar in, VII. xlii. 39. 
 Coventry, riots at, 1829,1V. xxii. 17 
 
 reform riots at, xxiii. 91. 
 Cowley, lord, and the Spanish marriage 
 
 question, VII. xlvi. 44. 
 Cox, inspector, dispersion of Smith 
 
 O'Brien's followers by, VII. xliii. 
 
 139. 
 
 The Larrjc Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 67 
 
 Crabbe, Rev. George, the poems of, I. v. 
 25. 
 
 Cracow, establishment of the republic of, 
 II. viii. 5 its population and l-evenue, 
 1831, iv. xxvi. 42 insurrection in, 
 and its occupation by Russia, V. xxvii. 
 76 the occupation of, by the allies, 
 and negotiations of France regarding 
 it, xxxiii. 61 disturbances at, and its 
 abandonment by the Austrians, VII. 
 xliv. 23 its recapture, 24 and annex- 
 ation, 25 et seq. excitement caused by 
 this, 26 it justified by the conduct of 
 the insurgents, 27 formal incorpora- 
 tion of, with Austria, xlvi. 52 Lamar- 
 tine on the annexation of, xlvii. 32 
 insurrection organised in, VIII. liv. 
 14. 
 
 Cradock, Sir John, regulations of, regard- 
 ing the sepoys,VI. xxxix. 37 recalled, 
 ib. 
 
 Craigie, captain, defence of Khelat-i- 
 Ghilzye by, VIII. xlviii. 80. 
 
 Cranidi, the Greek senate retires to, III. 
 xiv. 99. 
 
 Creation, Haydn's, V. xxviii. 83. 
 
 Credit, contraction of, by the suppression 
 of small notes, and effect of it, IV. 
 xxii. 8 depressed state of, in France, 
 1831, xxv. 38 effects of the revolu- 
 tion of 1830 on, V. xxx. 63 stoppage 
 of, in Great Britain, 1840, VI. xxxvii. 
 41 prostration of, in France, 1848, 
 VIII. 1. 12. 
 
 Creeds, variety of, in India, VI. xl. 
 11. 
 
 Cremieux, M., opposes a regency, VII. 
 xlvii. 73 nominated one of the pro- 
 visional government, 74, 75 note 
 votes for, 1848, VIII. 1. 64 note- 
 minister of justice, 1848, 69 note 
 motion by, on divorce, li. 4 after the 
 coup d'etat, lvii. 50. 
 
 Cremona, revolt in, VIII. lii. 12. 
 
 Creole brig, affair of the, VII. xli. 87. 
 
 Crete, insurrection in, III. xiv. 22 ope- 
 rations in, during 1821, 47 and 1823, 
 xiv. 75, 97 Mehemet Ali confirmed 
 in government of, V. xxxii. 28. See 
 also Candia. 
 
 Creton, general, a member of the perma- 
 nent commission, VIII. lvii. 28 moves 
 repeal of the laws against the Bourbons, 
 32 and again, 36. 
 
 Criers, law against, in Paris, V. xxx. 
 34. 
 
 Crime, proportion of, to education in 
 various countries, I. i. 48 why edu- 
 cation fails to arrest, 49 on the causes 
 of the increase of, iv. 83 its increase 
 with the relaxation of the criminal code, 
 92 true principles with regard to its 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 treatment, 94 increase of, caused by 
 reduction of the duties on spirits, III. 
 xix. 72 commitments for, and spirits 
 consumed, 1821-48, 73 note statistics 
 of, in Ireland, as compared with Scot- 
 land and England, 1822-34, IV. xx. 16 
 note prevalence of, in Ireland, 1823, 
 20 increase of, in Ireland, 1831, xxiii. 
 99 statistics of, in relation to educa- 
 tion, V. xxvii. 10 in Prussia, ib in 
 
 Austria, 11 increase of, in Ireland, 
 1832, xxxi. 19, 20, 30 statistics of it, 
 30 note, 33 its diminution uuder the 
 coercion act, 44 Mr Attwood on the 
 increase in, 56 increase of, in Eng- 
 land, 1842, VI. xxxvii. 451833 to 
 1842, ib. note ratio of, to population 
 in Glasgow, 1 822-38, 57 note inci-ease 
 of, in Ireland, 1837-9, xxxviii. 26 
 committals for, 1825-40, ib. note 
 decrease of, in Ireland, during the 
 temperance movement, VII. xli. 66 
 again increases, ib. from 1839 to 1849, 
 ib. notes diminution of, during the 
 railway mania, xlii. 8 increase of, in 
 Ireland, 1845, VII. xlii. 21 and 
 1844-5, 70 and note and 1847, xliii. 
 97 and note its increase, 1847-8, 125 
 committals,! 844-9, ib. note violent, 
 increase of, in England, VIII. lvi. 86 
 effects of the gold discoveries on, 74 
 and note. 
 
 Crimes and punishments, the act of, VI. 
 xxxviii. 6. 
 
 Crimea, last journey of the Emperor 
 Alexander in the, II. viii. 104 the 
 acquisition of, by Russia, III. xiii. 68 
 frequency of flogging in the, VII. 
 xliii. 26. 
 
 Crimean war, causes of the, VIII. lvii. 
 53. 
 
 Criminal code, relaxations of the, in Great 
 Britain, I. iv. 47 increase of crime 
 with its relaxation, 92. 
 
 Criminal committals, England, 1833-42, 
 VI. xxxvii. 45 note. 
 
 Criminal courts, Irish, scenes at, IV. xx. 
 15. 
 
 Criminal law, Mackintosh's arguments for 
 reform in, I. iv. 82 et seq. reflections 
 and results of experience on the sub- 
 ject, 91, 92 efforts of Sir J. Mackin- 
 tosh to improve the, II. x. 94 motion 
 by Sir James Mackintosh on it, 1 822, 
 127 continuation of Peel's reforms of 
 it, IV. xxi. 82 further reforms of, VI. 
 xxxviii. 6 Peel's ameliorations of,VII. 
 xli. 7. 
 
 Criminal law commissioners, the report 
 of the, VI. xxxviii. 6. 
 
 Criminal procedure, commission on, in 
 the Papal States, VII. xlvi. 66. 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 08 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Criminal punishment, amelioration in, in 
 Great Britain, I. iv. 25. 
 
 Criminal trials, demands of Estates of 
 Prussia for reform in, V. xxvii. 74 
 law for disjunction of, in France, 
 xxxiii. 82 arguments against it, 83, 
 and for it, 84 its rejection, 85 pub- 
 licity of, decreed in Piedmont, VII. 
 xlvi. 79. 
 
 Criminals, release of, in Ireland under 
 Lord Normanby, VI. xxxvi. 65 in- 
 discriminate liberation of, by him, 
 xxxviii. 28 large proportion of par- 
 tially educated, VII. xli. 81 proposed 
 new regulations regarding support of, 
 xlii. 50 statistics of education among, 
 xliii. 96 note introduction of ticket- 
 of-leave system for, VIII. lvi. 42. 
 
 Crispin, lieut, death of, VI. xl. 92. 
 
 Croatia, proposed union of, to Hungary, 
 VIII. liv. 16. 
 
 Croats, the, hostility of, to the Magyars, 
 VIII. liv. 1G fidelity of, to the Aus- 
 trian government, 21 rupture be- 
 tween, and the Magyars, 27 prepare 
 to oppose the revolutionists, lb. op- 
 posed to the Magyars, 46. 
 
 Croi, the duke de, resignation of, IV. 
 xxiv. 44. 
 
 Croix-Rouge, meeting of the Lyons work- 
 men at, V. xxix. 9 insurrection at the, 
 10 destruction of the, VIII. 1. 40. 
 
 Croker, Mr, rejected from Dublin Uni- 
 versity, 1830, IV. xxii. 57 and the 
 details of the reform bill, xxiii. 75. 
 
 Croker, captain, at the assault of Ghuz- 
 nee, VI. xl. 71. 
 
 Croly T , Dr, the works of, I. v. 80. 
 
 Crompton, Mr, solicitor-general for Ire- 
 land, 1830, IV. xxiii. 6 note. 
 
 Cromwell, support given to the press by, 
 I. i. 52 the navigation laws originated 
 by, III. xix. 20. 
 
 Cronstadt, population of, II. viii. 20 note 
 the inundation of Nov. 1824 at, 95 
 the Russian fleet at, 16. 
 
 Crops, decline of, in West Indies, from 
 exhaustion of the soil, V. xxxi. 100 
 deficiency of the, in France, 1845 and 
 1846, Vli. xlvii. 5. 
 
 Cross of the Baltic, Werner's, V. xxviii. 
 28. 
 
 Crosses, decree ordering removal of, from 
 chinches of Paris, IV. xxv. 15. 
 
 Crown, the, power of, as defined by the 
 Spanish constitution of 1812, II. vii. 
 21 power given to, by the Tchinn in 
 Russia, viii. 21 -alleged danger to, 
 from reform, !Y. xxiii. 52 increased 
 power of, in France, by the suppres- 
 sion of the peerage, V. xxix. 1 aug- 
 mentation of power of, under Lnuis 
 
 Philippe, xxx. 1 power of, in Hol- 
 land by constitution of 1848, VIII. 
 liii. 19. 
 
 Crown colonies, members proposed to 
 be given to the, IV. xxiii. 75 note. 
 
 Crown debtors, amnesty to, in Prussia, 
 V. xxvii. 61. 
 
 Crown domains, the, in Russia, II. viii. 
 47. 
 
 Crown lands, new system regarding, VI. 
 xxxviii. 12. 
 
 Crown peasants, the, in Russifi, II. viii. 26 . 
 
 Crown serfs, enfranchisement of the, by 
 Alexander, II. viii. 65. 
 
 Croydon, reform disturbances at, IV. 
 xxiii. 91. 
 
 Croz, prince of, fidelity of, to Charles X., 
 III. xvii. 95. 
 
 Crusades, Michaud's History of the, III. 
 xviii. 32. 
 
 Crux, don Jose" de la, minister-at-war, 
 II. xii. 95 note. 
 
 Csaryi, count, execution of, VIII. Iv. 85. 
 
 Csoritch, general, defeat of, VIII. Iv. 41. 
 
 Cuba, acceptance of the constitution in, 
 II. vii. S3 number of slaves in, V. 
 xxxi. 76 free negro labour in, 96 
 increased exports of manufactures to, 
 104 and note increased production of, 
 since emancipation, 106 increased 
 importation of slaves into, 107, VI. 
 xxxvii. 118 increased production, &c, 
 of sugar in, since 1847, VII. xliii. 17 
 and note exports to, 1846 to 1855, 
 17 note imports from, ib. 
 
 Cubieres, general, envoy to Rome on the 
 seizure of Ancona, V. xxix. 29 his 
 defence of that step, 30 minister-at- 
 war, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 33 note, 73 note 
 the trial, &c. of, VII. xlvii. 11, 12. 
 
 Cufrey, the Chartist, trial and sentence 
 of, VII. xliii. 137. 
 
 Cultivation, rapid extension of, in the 
 United States, VI. xxxvii. 6. 
 
 Cultivators, contrast between the, in 
 England and Russia, II. viii. 31. 
 
 Cumberland, the duke of, attack on, by 
 the Loudon mob, IV. xxiii. 83 and 
 the Orange lodges, VI. xxxvi. 20 ac- 
 cession of, to throne of Hanover, 76. 
 
 Cumberland, additional members for, IV. 
 xxiii. 4 2 note. 
 
 Cunin-Gridaine, M., minister of com- 
 merce under Soult, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 
 38 note, 102 note. 
 
 Cunniughame, Mr J., solicitor-general for 
 Ireland, 1835, VI. xxxv. 44 note. 
 
 Cureton, brigadier, at Aliwal, VIII. xlix. 
 77, 78 at Sobraon, 82 death of, at 
 Ramnuggur, 98. 
 
 Currants, reduction of duties on, VII. 
 xli. 105 increased consumption of, 
 
 The Large Human numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 GO 
 
 during railway mania, xlii. 8 note 
 fall in price of, 1841-5, 35 note in- 
 creased consumption of, 1843-6, xliii. 
 70 note. 
 Currency, the, contraction of, dangers 
 to Great Britain from, I. i. 26 effects 
 of an abundant, 32 influences of con- 
 traction and expansion of, 33 its 
 expansion during the war, 34 effects 
 of the contraction, since the peace, 35 
 amount of the contraction, 36 - 
 contraction of, 1817, and its effects, 
 IV. 9 Horner's errors on, 28 in- 
 creased, 1818, and its effects, 32, 42 
 insufficiency of, to population, 73 
 deficient, during the fall of the Roman 
 empire, II. x. 6 great effects of vari- 
 ations in, 10 value of an inconvertible 
 one, 12 fluctuations to which sub- 
 ject when based on the precious 
 metals, 13 danger of it when thus 
 circumstanced, 15 true system of it, 
 16 effects of extension of, in England 
 in 1818, 19 contraction of, in Eng- 
 land in 1819, and its effects, 21 effects 
 of the contraction in Ireland, 118 
 motion of Mr Western on, 1822, 131 
 Attwood on the contraction of, 1 38 - 
 contraction of, by bill of 1819, III. 
 xix. 2 causes which augmented it, 
 in England, 1823, 4 the rise of 
 prices from its augmentation not im- 
 mediate, 5 extension of, in Eng- 
 land, 1824, and prosperity caused 
 by it, 65 increased paper, autho- 
 rised in 1825, 81 true principles 
 on which to be based, 83 advantage 
 which would have accrued to Ireland 
 from extension of, IV. xx. 17 the 
 distress of 1825 due to system of, xxi. 
 4 contraction of, the alleged cause of 
 the distress of 1825, 12 the fluctua- 
 tions in, as the cause of the crash of 
 1825, 14 invariable effect of contrac- 
 tion of, on pi-ices, 2 1 measures which 
 should have been followed with it, 22 
 amounts of, 1818-32, as compared 
 with exports, &c, 19 note amount 
 of, compared with prices of wheat, 
 1818-26, SO note contraction of, its 
 effects with regard to Catholic eman- 
 cipation, 159 and in stimulating the 
 desire for reform, xxii. 4 state of, 
 and petitions for reform in relation to 
 this, 1820-30, 4 note division among 
 the Tories caused by the effects of its 
 contraction, 6 diminution of, by the 
 suppression of small notes, and effect 
 of it, 8 state of, alleged as the cause 
 of the national distress, 1830, 22 
 comparative amount of, during the 
 war and in 1830, 24 note exa- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 mination of Wellington's statement 
 regarding, 27 motion by Mr Attwood 
 on, 32 contraction of, the cause of 
 the abandonment of the sinking fund, 
 40 and of the cry for reform, 41 
 contraction of, urged on by the advo- 
 cates of the cheapening system, xxiii. 
 127 contraction of, the fall of 
 prices caused by it as inducing the 
 passion for reform, 129 contraction 
 of, its effects on the moneyed and 
 producing classes, 163 Mr Attwood 
 on the effects of the changes in, 
 V. xxxi. 56 reply of ministers on it, 
 57 influence of change in, on price 
 of sugar, 102 effect of recent changes 
 in, 1834, on industry, 112 contraction 
 of, its effect with regard to the poor- 
 rates, 146 contraction of, its effect 
 on the foreign relations of the coun- 
 try, xxxii. 80 danger of one depend- 
 ing on retention of the precious me- 
 tals, VI. xxxv. 4 double danger of 
 its being dependent on that of gold, 6 
 necessity for a double, 7 motion 
 on, 1835, xxxvi. 20 motion for in- 
 vestigation into, 1836, 49 effects of 
 the distress in Great Britain on, 1839, 
 xxxvii. 40 contraction of, 1840, 41 
 contraction of, its results, 1840, 
 xxxviii. 36 deficiency of, in India, 
 xxxix. 31 Peel's views on, VII. 
 xli. 11 contraction, the fall of prices 
 caused by it made the new tariff ne- 
 cessary, 56 results which would have 
 ensued from its expansion, 57 im- 
 proved state of, from fine harvest of 
 1843, 76 amount of, 1844, xlii. 1 
 inadequacy of, in France, and its 
 effects, VII. xliv. 19 contraction of, 
 1840, and its effect on wages, &c, 41 
 the French, 1846-7, xlvii. 8 note. 
 
 Currency bill of 1819, effect of the, I. 
 i. 6 causes which brought it about, 
 II. x. 14. 
 
 Currency laws, the, effects of the in- 
 creased stringency of, in Great Britain, 
 I. i. 10 great effect during the peace 
 of the changes in, VI. xxxv. 1 their 
 leading evils, 2 errors from which 
 these spring, 3 effects of, in inducing 
 the prosperity of 1835, 12 their 
 operation leads to corn - law repeal, 
 VII. xliii. 3. 
 
 Currency question, discussion of the, 
 in relation to the recent history of 
 Great Britain, II. x. 3 et seq. 
 
 Currency system, the distress of 1842, 
 &c. due to the, VII. xli. 25 fall of 
 prices from the, xlii. 36 the new, its 
 action with regard to Hie corn laws, 
 8.9 Mr Baring, &c. on the, as the 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 70 
 
 HISTORY OF EUEOPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Currency system, continued. 
 
 cause of the crisis of 1847, xliii. 75 
 et seq. dangers of, combined with 
 free trade, 142, 144, 150. 
 
 Curse of Kehama, remarks on the, I. v. 19. 
 
 Curtatone, storming of, by the Austi'ians, 
 VIII. lii. 51. 
 
 Curtis, Dr, letter to Wellington from, 
 and his reply, IV. xxi. 125. 
 
 Curwen, Mr, speech of, on agricultural 
 distress, II. x. 99. 
 
 Custine, the marquis, on the position of 
 the Russian serf, II. viii. 28 note on 
 the climate, &c. of Russia, 34 on 
 Russia, 55 anecdote of Nicholas by, 
 151 note. 
 
 Custom-house duties, the, in Russia, II. 
 viii. 47. 
 
 Customs, addition to the, 1839, VI. 
 xxxviii. 31 revenue from, in India, 
 xxxix. 24 large produce of, 1844, 
 VII. xli. 104 comparative contribu- 
 tions per head to, in Scotland and 
 Ireland, xliii. 58. 
 
 Customs League, the, see Zollverein. 
 
 Custoza, battle of, VIII. lii. 67. 
 
 Cuvier, M., supports the establishment 
 of courts-martial, I. iii. 68 made a 
 councillor of state, vi. 82 supports 
 re-establishing the censorship, III. 
 
 xvi. 59 the works of, xviii. 60 death 
 
 of, V. xxix. 37. 
 Cydonia, bloody conflict in, III. xiv. 35. 
 Cypriani, one of Napoleon's attendants 
 
 at St Helena, II. ix. 116. 
 Cyprus, the conquest of, by the Turks, 
 
 III. xiii. 35 massacres in, xiv. 27 
 fortresses of, revictualled by the Turks. 
 59 operations in, during 1823, 75 
 excluded from kingdom of Greece, 
 xv. 142 proposed cession of, to Eng. 
 land, VII. xli. 120. 
 
 Cyrille, the patriarch, execution of, III. 
 
 xiv. 24. 
 Czartoryski, Prince Adam, a member of 
 
 the provisional government of Poland, 
 
 IV. xxvi. 18, 22 negotiations with 
 Constantine, 19 appointed member 
 of national council, 32 speech of, in 
 the Diet, 40 VIII. liii. 48. 
 
 Czartoryski, Prince Constantine, IV. 
 
 xxvi. 57. 
 Czercky, religious movement headed by, 
 
 V. xxvii. 73. 
 
 Czernitz, commencement of the revolt 
 
 in Wallachia at, III. xiv. 15. 
 Czerny George, the revolt of, against 
 
 Turkey, III. xiii. 36, 74. 
 Czysto, struggle at bridge of, IV. xxvi. 
 
 91. 
 
 D 
 
 D'Abisbal, see Abisbal. 
 
 Dacca, cotton manufacture in, VI. xl. 3 
 bank, the, xxxix. 31 note. 
 
 Dadur, route of the Affghanistan expe- 
 dition by, VI. xl. 59, 65. 
 
 Dahlmann, M., vice-president of the Vor 
 parliament, VIII. liii. 32 rejected 
 for the general Diet, 33. 
 
 Daily News, the, on the fall of the East 
 India Company, VIII. xlix. 126. 
 
 Daily press, different class of writers for 
 the, in France and England, III. xviii. 
 74 influence of the destruction of 
 property on it in France, 75 and of 
 the facility of revolution, 76. 
 
 Daine, general, Belgian forces under, IV. 
 xxv. 70. 
 
 Dalhousie, lord, declaration of, against 
 the veto act in the General Assembly, 
 VI. xxxvii. 74 grants for public 
 works under, xxxix. 14 appointed 
 governor-general of India, and his cha- 
 racter, VIII. xlix. 93 disturbances in 
 the Punjaub, 94 second Sikh war, 95 
 et seq. preparations, 96 pacific im- 
 provements and public works under, 
 
 The L 
 
 112, 113 second Burmese war, 114 
 peace, 118 annexation of Oude, 119. 
 
 Dalkeith palace, visit of George IV. to, 
 II. x. 153. 
 
 Damas, M. de, becomes minister of for- 
 eign affairs, II. xii. 117. 
 
 Damas-Caux, the duke de, resignation 
 of, IV. xxiv. 44. 
 
 Damascus, population of, III. xiii. 32 
 note cession of, to Mehemet Ali, V. 
 xxxii. 28. 
 
 Dambray, the vicomte, resigns under 
 Louis Philippe, IV. xxiv. 44. 
 
 Damesne, general, during the insurrec- 
 tion of June, VIII. 1. 84, 88 wound- 
 ed, ib. 94. 
 
 Damietta, naval successes of the Greeks 
 at, III. xiv. 78. 
 
 Dainjanics, general, at Tapio - Biscke, 
 VIII. lv. 25 at Isaszeg, 27- subse- 
 quent movements, 29 opposed to de- 
 claration of independence, 36 views 
 of, 42 wounded, 47 execution of, 
 85. 
 
 Damremont, general, appointed to com- 
 mand in Algeria, V. xxxiii. 114 jeal- 
 
 arye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 71 
 
 ousies between him and Bugeaud, ib. 
 views of, as conveyed to the latter, 
 115 forces, &c. of, for siege of Con- 
 stantine, 119 commencement of 
 siege, 120 its progress, 121 his 
 death, 122 parsimony of the Depu- 
 ties, 123. 
 
 Danby, the paintings of, I. v. 96. 
 
 Danes, the, in England, II. vii. 1. 
 
 Danesi, M., the affair of, III. xiv. 49 
 his sentence commuted to exile, 52. 
 
 Danewirke, defeat of the Danes at, VIII. 
 liii. 39 defeat of the Holstein insur- 
 gents at, 1 02. 
 
 Danish states, railway from Prussia to 
 the, V. xxvii. 67. 
 
 Danneker, the works of, V. xxviii. 76. 
 
 Dantzic, the duke of, made a peer, I. vi. 
 96. 
 
 Dantzic, diminished export of wheat 
 from, IV. xxi. 34 average price of 
 wheat at, VII. xli. 36 prices of grain 
 at, VIII. lvi. 20. 
 
 Danube, the, line of, as a frontier de- 
 fence to Turkey, III. xiii. 54 passage 
 of, by the Russians, xv. 36 the 
 Russians withdrawn across, 64 pas- 
 sage of, by them, 1829, 116 islands 
 at mouth of, ceded to Russia, 137 
 fortresses on, terms of the treaty 
 of Adrianople regarding them, 138 
 society for promoting the navigation 
 of, V. xxvii. 56 stipulations of treaty 
 with Austria regarding, xxxii. 43 in 
 Hungary, VIII. lv. 4. 
 
 Daradis, defiles of, III. xv. 25. 
 
 Darbaud de Jouque, M., at Nimes, I. iii. 
 35. 
 
 Dardanelles, the, the Greek fleet in, III. 
 xiv. 35 terms of treaty of Adrianople 
 regarding, xv. 137 and of Unkiar- 
 Skelessi, V. xxxii. 30 stipulations of 
 commercial treaty with England re- 
 garding, 42 terms of treaty with Me- 
 hemet Ali regarding, 75 and of the 
 whole European powers, 76 treaty 
 of the allies regarding closing of, VI. 
 xxxiv. 114 reflections on this, 116 et 
 seq. danger of, from Russia, 52 en- 
 tered by the British fleet, VIII. lvi. 
 56. 
 
 Darfour, assigned by treaty to Mehemet 
 Ali, V. xxxii. 75 treaty between 
 Turkey and Mehemet Ali regarding, 
 VI. xxxiv. 114. 
 
 Darg, institution of the, among colliers, 
 &c, VI. xxxvii. 60. 
 
 Dariel, pass of, III. xiii. 61. 
 
 Darmes, the attempt of, to assassinate 
 Louis Philippe, his trial and sentence, 
 VI. xxxiv. 85. 
 
 Dartmouth, the, at Navarino, III. xiv. 
 
 161, 162 prison, statistics of, VIII. 
 lvi. 42 note. 
 
 Daru, views of, before the coup d'etat, 
 VIII. lvii. 45. 
 
 Daulis, defeat of Albanians near, III. 
 xiv. 149. 
 
 Daumenil, general, repulse of the mob 
 at Vincennes by, IV. xxv. 5 recep- 
 tion of the ex-ministers by, 13. 
 
 Daunow, M., elected to the Deputies, II. 
 ix. 9. 
 
 David, M., heroism of, at Smyrna, III. 
 xiv. 26. 
 
 Davidoff, colonel, condemned to Siberia, 
 II. viii. 137. 
 
 Davidson, one of the Cato Street conspi- 
 rators, II. x. 45 execution of, 48. 
 
 Davila, the prose writings of, V. xxviii. 
 41. 
 
 Davis, Mr, chief commissioner at Can- 
 ton, VIII. xlviii. 20, 21. 
 
 Davoust, marshal, strength of the army 
 of the Loire under, I. iii. 23 his sub- 
 mission, and proclamation to his 
 troops, 24 on the capitulation of 
 Paris as regarded Ney, 86. 
 
 Davix, general Moreno, appointed gov- 
 ernor of Seville, II. xi. 45. 
 
 Davy, Sir Humphry, I. v. 39. 
 
 Dawes, capt., at Chillianwallah, VIII. 
 xlix. 101. 
 
 Dawson, Mr, mission of, resolved on by 
 the ministry, IV. xxi. 123 his speech 
 at Londonderry, 124 disavowed, and 
 dismissed from office, ib. 
 
 Dead weight, what, and equalisation of 
 it in 1822, II. x. 147 conversion of 
 it, III. xix. 12. 
 
 Death, inexpedience of punishing politi- 
 cal offences with, I. iii. 139 punish- 
 ment of, motion for abolition of, VI. 
 xxxviii. 6 it abolished for political 
 offences in France, VIII. 1. 36, li. 17. 
 
 Debates, publicity of, demands of the 
 estates of Prussia for, V. xxvii. 74 it 
 decreed in Piedmont, VII. xlvi. 79. 
 
 Ddbats, the, circulation of, III. xvii. 19 
 note on the appointment of Casimir 
 Perier, IV. xxv. 48. 
 
 Debreczin, removal of the Hungarian 
 government to, VIII. lv; 7 capture 
 of, by the Russians, 54 battle of, 66 
 et seq. 
 
 Debts, increased weight of, from the 
 currency bill of 1819, I. i. 6 effects of 
 the contraction of the currency on, 
 26. 
 
 Decaen, general, I. iii. 106. 
 
 Deccan, settlement of Pindarrees in the, 
 
 VI. xxxix. 52. 
 Decay, causes which led to, in France, I. 
 iv. 4 and in England, 5. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Decazes, M., at the entry of Louis XVIII. 
 into Paris, I. iii. 11 solicitations of 
 Fouche" to, 40 influence of, with 
 Louis XVIII., 42 minister of police 
 under Richelieu, ib. biography and 
 character of, 45 introduces law sus- 
 pending individual liberty, 65 efforts 
 of, for the escape of the proscribed 
 Napoleonists, 77 views of, as to the 
 electoral law, 128 arguments of, for 
 a coup d'etat, 129 raised to the peer- 
 age, Vl. 5 arguments of, against the 
 new law of elections, 14 carries it 
 . in the Peers, 17 arguments of, in 
 favour of the new laws regarding per- 
 sonal freedom and the liberty of the 
 press, 23 memoir of the Royalists 
 against, 70 the Emperor Alexander's 
 estimate of him, 74 his views in 1818, 
 78 tenders his resignation, ib. his 
 removal demanded by Richelieu, 79 
 minister of interior, ib. 80 first mea- 
 sures of, 81 arguments of, against 
 change in the electoral law, 85 diffi- 
 culties of his ministry, II. ix. 13 
 feelings of, on the elections of 1819, 
 22 ordered to prepare a new elec- 
 toral law, ib. becomes president of 
 the council, 23 attacks of the press 
 on, 24 general indignation against, 
 after the death of the Duke de Berri, 
 41 the king resolves on supporting 
 him, 42 his dismission i-esolved on, 
 43 he resigns, 44 appointed ambas- 
 sador to London, ib. character of, 48 
 merits of his measures as a states- 
 man, 49 effects of his fall on the 
 distribution of parties, 50 at the 
 death- bed of Louis XVIII. xii. 12:3 
 a leading Doctrinaire, III. xvii. 
 9. 
 
 Decazes, madame, I. vi. 79. 
 
 Decimal svstem of coinage, advantages 
 of, IV. xx. 31. 
 
 Deficit, the French, under Louis Phi- 
 lippe, V. xxxiii. 60. 
 
 Degerando, M., made a councillor of 
 state, I. vi. 82. 
 
 Delamain, captain, VIII. xlviii. 94. 
 
 Delatot, M., III. xvi. 76 vote for, for 
 the presidency, xvii. 21. 
 
 Delavan, M., a leader of the Parti-pretre, 
 III. xvi. 10. 
 
 Delaware, statistics of banks in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 7 note. 
 
 Del Caretto, the Neapolitan minister, 
 VIII. Iii. 18. 
 
 Delegation, introduction of system of, 
 under the reform bill. V. xxxi. 25. 
 
 Delessert, M. , III. xvii. 67 note returned 
 to the Deputies in 1817, I. vi. 42 
 majority for, as vice-president of De- 
 
 The La 
 
 puties, V. xxx. 14 arguments of, 
 against reduction of interest on debt, 
 xxxiii. 50. 
 
 Delhi, state of the country round, VI. 
 xxxix. 13 bank, the, 31 note. 
 
 Delille, the abbe", the works of, III. 
 xviii. 64. 
 
 Delonny, general, during the Three 
 Days, III. xvii. 74. 
 
 Delphine, Madame de Stael's, III. xviii. 
 15. 
 
 Deluge, Martin's, I. v. 95. 
 
 Demarcay, general, named a member of 
 Berton's provisional government, II. 
 xi. 19. 
 
 Dembewielkie, defeat of the Russians at, 
 IV. xxvi. 61, 62. 
 
 Dembinski, general, inaction of, at 
 Wilna, IV. xxvi. 81 successful re- 
 treat of, ib. appointed commander- 
 in-chief, 85 position and forces of, 
 87 victories of, 88 assault of War- 
 saw, 89 at battle of Kapolna, VIII. 
 lv. 15 et seq , 17 displaced from the 
 chief command, 19 forces under, 51 
 defeated atTzombor, 61 defeat of, 
 at Szegedin, 72 jealousy of Georgey, 
 and his retieat, 77 takes refuge in 
 Turkey, 83 becomes Mohammedan, 
 lvi. 56. 
 
 Dembrowski, general, services of Chlo- 
 picki under, IV. xxvi. 23. 
 
 Dembrowski, Leon, a member of the 
 national council, IV. xxvi. 32. 
 
 Demerara, slave insurrection in, and 
 death of Smith the missionary, V. 
 xxxi. 86 decline of population in, and 
 increase of punishments, 95. 
 
 Deinir-Kapi, pass of, III. xiii. 61. 
 
 Democracy, tendency to, in the Spanish 
 towns, II. vii. 14 and in the army, 15 
 Castlereagh's opposition to, x. 157 
 
 in America, Tocqueville's, III. 
 xviii. 58 Canning on the dangers 
 of, IV. xxiii. 53 England now the 
 leader of, 120 strength given to the 
 British government by, 161 connec- 
 tion between Poland and the cause of, 
 xxvi. 9 influence of, on Poland and 
 Russia, 96, 97 measures of Austria 
 and the Diet against, V. xxvii. 21, 22 
 strength of, in the country in the 
 United States, VI. xxxvii. 11 Ciuizot 
 on the characteristics of, VII. xli. Gi 
 
 purposes answered by, VIII. lvii. 
 66. 
 
 Democrats, indignation among the, in 
 France, IV. xxv. 39 extravagances 
 adopted by the, 40 arrest of leaders 
 of, V. xxix. 77 disappointment of 
 the, with the revolution of 1S30, VII. 
 xlvii. 1. 
 
 njc Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 73 
 
 Democratic ascendancy, results of, in 
 Great Britain, I. i. 58 in the United 
 States, 59 results of, in France, iv. 4. 
 
 Democratic Committee, efforts of the, to 
 rouse Paris in 1820, II. ix. 75. 
 
 Democratic feeling, rise, &c. of the, in 
 Germany, V. xxvii. 79 progress of, 
 in Switzerland, VII. xlvi. 89, 90. 
 
 Democratic government, effects of estab- 
 lishment of, in Canada, VI. xxxvii. 
 113 its adaptation to new colonies, 
 114. 
 
 Democratic institutions, expansive char- 
 acter of, VII. xli. 96. 
 
 Democratic party, measures of the, 
 against the banks in the United 
 States, VI. xxxvii. 13 et seq. their 
 enmity to their extension in the back 
 settlements, 15. 
 
 Democratic passion, persistence of, in 
 France, I. i. 2 development of, dur- 
 ing the peace, 3 violence of, in towns, 
 62. 
 
 Democratic press, treatment of the, 
 under Louis Philippe, V. xxx. 3. 
 
 Democratic spirit, strength of the, in 
 Flanders, IV. xxiv. 71. 
 
 Denison, Mr, motion by, on the Speaker- 
 ship, 1835, VI. xxxv. 22. 
 
 Demnan, Mr, afterwards lord, negotiation 
 conducted by, on behalf of the queen, 
 
 II. x. 83 at the trial of the queen, 
 84 his defence of the queen, 87 at- 
 torney-general, 1830, IV. xxiii. 6 note 
 on the Stockdale case and privilege 
 of parliament, VI. xxxviii. 21 deci- 
 sion of, on O'Connell's case, VII. xli. 
 73. 
 
 Denmark, contributions from France to, 
 I. iii. 48 note reciprocity treaty with, 
 
 III. xix. 29 note shipping employed 
 in trade with, 31 exports to, 1840-9, 
 33 note votes of, in the Germanic 
 Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note king of, refusal 
 of constitution to Holstein by, 36 the 
 income tax in, VII. xli. 60 note treaty 
 with, regarding the slave trade, xliv. 
 49 first encroachments of Germany 
 in Schleswig-Holstein, VIII. liii. 34 
 history of the question, 35 claims of 
 the Duchies, 36 their invasion by 
 Prussia, 37 victory of the Danes, 33 
 renewed invasion, and victories of 
 the Prussians, 39 intervention of 
 Sweden, &c, 40 armistice, 42 reso- 
 lution of the Diet at Frankfort regard- 
 ing, 64 renewal of hostilities in the 
 Duchies, 95 et seq. treaty with Prus- 
 sia, 97 renewal of war, 98 final 
 settlement, 102, 103. 
 
 Dennie, colonel, at the assault of Ghuz- 
 nee, VI. xl. 70, 71 pursuit, &c. of 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Dost Mahommed by, 89 death of, 
 before Jellalabad, VIII. xlviii. 65. 
 
 Dennis, general, at Maharajpoi - e, VIII. 
 xlix. 38. 
 
 Dent, Mr, case of, at Canton, VIII. 
 xlviii. 23. 
 
 Dentici, prince, VIII. Hi. 18. 
 
 Deothul, defeat of the Ghoorkas at, VI. 
 xxxix. 42. 
 
 Departments, colleges of, 1815, I. iii. 
 15 colleges of electors for, II. ix. 
 63. 
 
 Departmental municipalities, law for the, 
 III. xvi. 87. 
 
 Deptford, preparations against the Char- 
 tists at, VII. xliii. 132. 
 
 Deputies, Chamber of, change in the 
 mode of election for the, I. iii. 14 
 new constitution and mode of elec- 
 tion of, 15 ultra- royalist character 
 of, 1815, 38 their violent temper and 
 disposition, 54 their composition, and 
 parties in, 55 1815, the provincial 
 members, 57 the opposition and its 
 leaders, 58 opening of, and the king's 
 speech, 60 their reception of it, 
 61 difficulties about the oath of fide- 
 lity, and election of president, 62 
 their answer to the royal speech, 63 
 law against seditious cries, 64 law 
 suspending individual liberty, 65 dis- 
 cussion on it, 66 and on the former, 
 67 reception of the proposed amnesty 
 by, 108 new law of elections propos- 
 ed in, 110 discussion on it, 111 dis- 
 cussion on the two projected laws of 
 election, 114 that of the royalist's 
 carried, ib. the budget, 115 et seq. 
 proposition regarding the clergy, 117 
 discussion on the endowment of the 
 church, 118 et seq. discussion on the 
 law of divorce, 121 changes regarding, 
 by the ordinance of September 5th, 
 132 state of parties after the elections 
 of 1816, vi. 5 opening of, 1816, and 
 the king's speech, 8 state of parties, 
 9 the centre and left, 10 discussion 
 on the new law of elections, 11 et seq. 
 discussion on laws regarding indivi- 
 dual freedom, and the liberty of the 
 press, 19 e( seq. vote by, to relieve 
 the scarcity of 1817, 25 debate on the 
 law regarding bequests to the church, 
 33 et seq. the elections of 1817, 42 
 discussion on the new law of recruit- 
 ing, 46 et seq. discussion on law re- 
 garding the liberty of the press, 1818, 
 55 the elections of 1818, 75 ascend- 
 ancy of the liberals in, 1S18, 97 
 number of electors for, II. ix. 5 in- 
 creasing strength of the liberals, 9 - 
 new law regarding the press, 10 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 74 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Deputies, Chamber of, continued. 
 
 debate on tho return of the proscribed 
 persons, 11 the elections of 1819, 17 
 king's speech on opening the session, 
 25 strength of parties in, 26 new 
 electoral law decided on by govern- 
 ment for, 29 new distribution of 
 parties after the fall of Decazes, 50 
 the government law of arrest, and dis- 
 cussion on it, 52 et seq. discussion on 
 the censorship of the press, 55 debate 
 on the royalist committee and the 
 secret government, 62 discussion on 
 the new electoral law, 64 et seq. 
 amendment on it moved, 73 and 
 further one carried by ministers, 74 
 violent debates during the riots in 
 Paris, 77 change in, by the elections 
 of 1820, 96 king's speech on opening 
 the session, and answer, 98 law fix- 
 ing the boundaries of the electoral 
 districts, 99 for providing additional 
 ecclesiastical endowments, 100 modi- 
 fication of the corn laws, 101 law for 
 indemnity to imperial donatories, 102 
 new law regarding censorship of the 
 press, 103 discussion on it, 104 dis- 
 cussion on the new law regarding the 
 press, xi. 15 meeting of, and the 
 king's speech, xii. 28 discussion on 
 the Spanish question, 41 etseq. Talley- 
 rand on it, 54 vote for carrying on 
 the war, 55 speech of Manuel, 56 
 excitement caused by it, 58 his ex- 
 pulsion, 59 scene on his expulsion, 
 60 dissolution, 1823, and elections 
 for 1824, 108 opening of, and king's 
 speech, 110 law of septenniality, 111 
 it is carried, 112 law for reducing 
 the interest of the national debt, 11 '6 
 
 strength of the Jesuit party in, III. 
 xvi. 10 opening of, 1824, and strength 
 of parties, 14 settlement on the 
 crown, and restoration of the Orleans 
 estates, 16 law of indemnity to tho 
 emigrants, 17 et seq. law against sa- 
 crilege, 33 and regarding religious 
 societies of women, 34 measure for 
 reducing the debt, 35 measures rela- 
 tive to St Domingo, 42 discussion on 
 proposed change in law of succession, 
 43 et seq. it is thrown out, 50 discus- 
 sion on the new law regarding the cen- 
 sorship, 60 difficulty of government 
 with, 67 a dissolution resolved on, 68 
 
 dissolution, 69 meeting of, 1828, 
 and address to the crown, 7 6 the king's 
 answer, 77 exclusion of government 
 employes from the suffrage, 78 open- 
 ing of, 1829, 84 kind's speech, ib. 
 state of parties in, 86 law for depart- 
 mental municipalities, 87 meeting of, 
 
 The La 
 
 1830, xvii. 20 vote on the presidency, 
 and address to the crown, 21 debate 
 on the latter, 22 vote on it, 29 pro- 
 rogation of, 31, 32 dissolution of, 
 50 the elections, 51 ordonnance 
 dissolving, 58 point at issue be- 
 tween them and Charles X., 100 the 
 working classes unrepresented in, 133 
 meeting of, in favour of the Duke of 
 Orleans, IV. xxiv. 19 preparation of 
 the constitution, and offer the crown 
 to Louis Philippe, 41 scene at his 
 acceptance of it, 42 duration, &c. of, 
 as fixed by it, 43 age of members, as 
 fixed by the constitution of 1830, 43 
 election of president, and first mea- 
 sures, 61 discussion on electoral law, 
 62 financial measures, 63 proceed- 
 ings against popular societies, 64, 65 
 decree the trial of the ex-ministers of 
 Charles X., xxv. 3 statement by 
 Lafitte of the principles of his minis- 
 try, 9 their dismission demanded by 
 Lafayette, 15 discredit into which 
 fallen, 49 proscription of the Bour- 
 bons, 50 Casimir Perier's statement 
 of his principles of government, 52 
 issue of the elections, 57 opening, 
 and king's speech, 58 defeat of go- 
 vernment on election of president, &c, 
 59 debate on foreign affairs, 1831, 79 
 et seq. violence of the debate on 
 Poland, 85 debate on proposed law 
 
 against the Bourbons, 87 et seq and on 
 
 the abolition of the hereditary peerage, 
 90 et seq. address on the Lyons 
 insurrection, V. xxix. 17 motion 
 for a republic, 18 opposition to the 
 civil list, 21 deputation to the king 
 after the suppression of the revolt of 
 St Meri, 74 how secured on behalf of 
 government of Louis Philippe, xxx. 3 
 opening of, 1832, and king's speech, 
 1 3 election of president, and trials of 
 strength, 14 project for fortifying 
 Paris, 15 opposition to it, and its 
 postponement, 16 large grants for 
 public works, 17 finances, 1833,19 
 opening of, 1834, and violence of 
 parties, 32 law against public criers, 
 andimposingstamp duty on pamphlets, 
 34 law against associations, 35 de- 
 bates on it, 36 et seq.. passing of these 
 laws, 40 law against possession of 
 arms, and supplementary vote for the 
 army, 51 dissolution of, and result of 
 the elections, 58 meeting of, 1834, 
 and king's speech, xxxiii. 2 declara- 
 tions of ministers in favour of eco- 
 nomy, 4 convocation of, 6 first de- 
 bate on the address, 8 answer of M. 
 Guizot, 9 majority for ministers, 10 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 75 
 
 debate on the treason trials, 24 
 arguments of ministers for further 
 measures of repression, 35 et seq ar- 
 guments against these, 39 etseq. laws 
 proposed for this purpose, 43 these 
 passed, 44 fall of de Broglie, 47 
 proposed reduction of interest of debt, 
 48 arguments for it, 49 and against 
 it, 50 vote of, on reduction of the 
 interest, and fall of the Broglie minstry 
 in consequence, 51 first trial of 
 strength of the Thiers ministry, 55 
 declaration of Thiers, 56 of Guizot, 
 57 and of Odillon Barrot, 58 nullity 
 of legislative measures from balance of 
 parties, 59 financial statements, 60 
 debate on law for disjunction of trials, 
 
 82 et seq allowance to the Duke of 
 
 Orleans, and dowry to the Queen of 
 the Belgians by, 87 dissolution, 92 
 composition of the new, ib. and note 
 faults of, toward Africa after the Revo- 
 lution, 96 unwillingness to grant sup- 
 plies for Algeria, 104 debate on it, 106 
 king's speech on Algeria, 1837, 113 
 supplies voted for it, 114 parsimony 
 of, with regard to Algeria, 1 23 minis- 
 terial majority in, 1837, VI. xxxiv. 2 
 king's speech on opening, 1837, 6 
 military force voted, 1838-9, 16 coali- 
 tion against ministers in, their dissolu- 
 tion, and new Chamber, 32 votes of, 
 on the presidency, &c, 1839, 34 new 
 division of parties, 40 vote on secret 
 service money, 1839, 45 discussions 
 on railways, ib. debate on affairs of 
 the East, 46 Lamartine's speech on 
 the subject, 47 et seq. arguments of 
 Villemain on other side, 51 et seq. 
 meeting of, 1840, and king's speech, 
 65 debate on address, and Thiers' 
 speech on Eastern question, 66 king's 
 answer to the address, 70 their 
 temper, 71 refuse dotation to Duke 
 de Nemours, 72 statement of Thiers, 
 and his majority, 74 bill regarding 
 infant labour, &c, 77 opening of, 
 
 1840, and king's speech, 103 vote on 
 the fortifications of Paris, 112 speech 
 of Guizot on the Tahiti affair, VII. xli. 
 101 support of Louis Philippe by, 
 xliv. 1 growing discontent with them, 
 
 1841, 6 trifling subjects in debate, 7 
 debate on parliamentary reform, 23 
 et seq. discussion on the labour ques- 
 tion, 33 etseq. railway scheme as autho- 
 rised by them, 43 debate in, on slave 
 trade treaty, 52 debate on parliamen- 
 tary reform, 56 and on literary pro- 
 perty, 57 movement in favour of re- 
 form, 69 debate on it, 70 et seq. 
 debate on railway system, &c, 79 
 
 close of session, and new elections, 80 
 debate on the regency question, 91 
 corrupt state of the ministerial majo- 
 rity, 104, 105 debate on the Jesuits, 
 xlvi. 6 et seq. decision on the Jesuit 
 question, 9 debate in, on the Polish 
 question, 28 dissolution and new 
 elections for, 33 majority for mi- 
 nisters in the new, ib. want of con- 
 fidence in them, xlvii. 1. excitement 
 on the Tahiti affair, 2 Guizot on it, 3 
 vote on it, 4 authorise enlarged 
 issues of notes, 8 meeting of, and 
 king's speech, 25 discussion on the 
 address, 26 et seq. last budget, 39 
 division on address, 40 appearance of 
 the Duchesse d'Orleans before them, 
 69, 72 opinion in, 70 republic de- 
 manded, 71 provisional government 
 nominated, 73, 74. 
 
 Deputies, meeting and dissolution of 
 the, at Naples, VIII. lii. 20. 
 
 Deputies, the Sardinian, urge renewal of 
 the war, VIII. lii. 84 proceedings in, 
 after Novara, 97 armistice concluded, 
 98 they reject it, and are dissolved, 
 99 election of, 120. 
 
 Derajat, the, included in the old 
 Douranee empire, VI. xl. 23. 
 
 Derbcnd, the pass of, III. xiii. 61 cap- 
 ture of, by the Russians, 70 Gates of, 
 acquired by Russia, II. viii. 58. 
 
 Derby, lord, arguments of, against repeal 
 of navigation laws, VIII. lvi. 1 1 et seq. 
 speech of, on affair of Don Pacifico, 
 59 the ministry of, 1852, 64 and 
 note his character as an orator, 65 
 character of his cabinet, 66 defeated 
 on the budget, and resigns, 70. See 
 also Stanley. 
 
 Derby, riots in, 1819, II. x. 33 reform 
 riots at, IV. xxiii. 85. 
 
 Derbyshire, insurrection in, I. iv. 14 
 additional members for, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Dermoncourt, general, V. xxix. 48 
 capture of the Duchess de Berri by, 55. 
 
 Descamisados, secret society of the, in 
 Spain, II. xi. 49. 
 
 Deschamps, M., proceedings of, at Rouen, 
 1848, VIII. 1. 62. 
 
 Deserters, annual number of, in the 
 army, cost of recovering &c, VII. 
 xliii. 23 and note. 
 
 Desewffy, general, execution of, VIII. 
 Iv. 85. 
 
 Desmichels, general, successes of, against 
 Abd-el-Kadr, and peace concluded 
 with him, V. xxxiii. 100 defeated, 
 101. 
 
 Desmousseaux de Gevre", M., motion by, 
 on the address, 1848, VII. xlvii. 26, 40. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 76 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Des Piques, society called, V." xxx. 42 
 note. 
 
 Despotic countries, character stamped on 
 literature of, V. xxviii. 1. 
 
 Despotism, support given to the press 
 by, I. i. 52 re-establishment of, under 
 Ferdinand in Spain, II. vii. 34 origin 
 of secret societies under, 104 uni- 
 versality of, in Russia, viii. 35 educa- 
 tion adverse to, II. x. 62 Castle- 
 reagh's efforts against, 156, 157 
 character and influence of, in Turkey, 
 
 III. xiii. 18 introduction of, into 
 France by the revolt of the troops, 
 xvii. 107 established in France by 
 universal suffrage, 114 strength and 
 weakness given to Asia by, IV. xxvi. 
 3 character of the drama under, V. 
 xxviii. 2 form of, in China, VIII. 
 xlviii. 14 checks on it there, 15. 
 
 Dessau, representation of, in the Diet, 
 V. xxvii. 4 note population and 
 military contingent, 5 note accepts 
 the Germanic constitution of 1848, 
 VIII. liii. 77. 
 
 Dessoles, general, becomes premier in 
 1818, I. vi. 79, 80 arguments of, 
 against change in the electoral law, 92 
 views of, on the electoral law, II. ix. 
 22 dismissed from the ministry, 23. 
 
 Destitution, effects of, in causing in- 
 crease of population, VII. xlii. 28. 
 
 Detroit, efforts of the American sym- 
 pathisers at, VI. xxxvii. 92. 
 
 Deutsche Beobachter, suppression of the, 
 V. xxvii. 23. 
 
 Deutz, career of, and his treachery to- 
 wards the Duchess de Berri, V. xxix. 
 53, 54. 
 
 Deux Moulins, capture of the, by the in- 
 surgents, III. xvii. C9. 
 
 Deux Ponts, society for liberty of press 
 at, V. xxx. 23. 
 
 Deux-Sevres, department of, declared 
 in state of siege, V. xxix. 50. 
 
 Dcville, proscribed in 1815, I. iii. 19. 
 
 Devilliers, general, I. iii. 80. 
 
 Devizes, defeat of ministeral candidate 
 in, 1835, VI. xxxvi. 23 Chartist riot 
 at, 1839, xxxvii. 66. 
 
 Devon, lord, motion by, on the corporate 
 reform bill, VI. xxxvi. 15. 
 
 Devon Commission, report of the, on 
 railways in Ireland, VII. xliii. 56. 
 
 Devonshire, duke of, lord chamberlain, 
 
 IV. xxi. 66 note death of Canning at 
 his house, 86 lord chamberlain, 
 1S30, xxiii. 6 note. 
 
 Devonshire house, social influence of, I. 
 
 v. 111. 
 Devonshire, state of, 1817. I. iv. 16 note 
 
 election of 1830 for, IV. xxii. 57 
 
 additional members for, xxiii. 4.2 note 
 defeat of Lord John Russell in, 1835, 
 VI. xxxvi. 3. 
 
 Dewitt, general, movements of, in Po- 
 land, IV. xxvi. 47 at Grochow, 48. 
 
 Dhulup Singh, proclaimed maharajah of 
 the Punjaub, VIII. xlix. 33 recep- 
 tion of, by Lord Hardiuge, 88. 
 
 Dhurum-Kote, capture of, by the British, 
 VIII. xlix. 76. 
 
 Dhyan Singh, minister of Shere Singh, 
 VIII. xlix. 32 conspiracy under, 33. 
 
 Diana war-steamer, the, in the Burmese 
 war, VI. xxxix. 63, 64, 65. 
 
 Diarbekir, population of, III. xiii. 32 
 note. 
 
 Dick, General Sir Robert, at Sobraon, 
 VIII. xlix. 82 slain, 86. 
 
 Dick, major, at Maharajpore, VIII. xlix. 
 39. 
 
 Dickens, Charles, the novels of, I. v. 74. 
 
 Didier, the outbreak of, at Grenoble, I. 
 iii. 124 his capture and execution, 
 125 violence of, on his trial for 
 treason, V. xxxiii. 24. 
 
 Diderot on the Russians, II. viii. 40. 
 
 Diebitch, general count, II. viii. 105 
 forces under, for the war with Turkey, 
 
 III. xv. 30 operations of, at Schumla, 
 46 appointed to the command in 
 1829, 114 sketch of his career, ib. 
 note crosses the Danube and besieges 
 Silistria, 117, 1 19 et seq. throws him- 
 self on the enemies' communications, 
 121 battle of Kouleftscha, 124 
 movements after the battle, 127 
 surrender of Silistria, 128 prepara- 
 tions for passing the Balkan by, 130 
 its passage, 1 31 subsequent move- 
 ments, 132 danger of his position, ib. 
 defeats the Turks at Slwno, 133 
 captures Adrianople, 134 his sub- 
 sequent dispositions, 1 35 measures of, 
 against the Pacha of Scodra, 139 
 appointed to command against Poland, 
 
 IV. xxvi. 33 forces under, 45 
 advance of, towards Warsaw, 47 dis- 
 position, &c. of his forces, 48 battle 
 of Grochow, 49 battle of Praga, 50 
 refuses to negotiate, 58 total defeat 
 of, before Warsaw, 61 et seq. com- 
 mences operations, 71 advance of 
 the Poles against his right, 73 he 
 marches against their rear, 74 victory 
 at Ostrolenka, 75 et seq. his death, 
 78. 
 
 Diest, capture of, by the Dutch, IV. 
 xxv. 71. 
 
 Diet, new Germanic, proposed by Prussia, 
 VIII. liii. 85, see Germanic the Po- 
 lish, convocation of, IV. xxvi. 22. 
 See Polish. 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 77 
 
 Digeon, count, interim war - minister, 
 1823, II. xii. 68. 
 
 Dijon, reform banquet at, VII. xliv. 32 
 red flag hoisted at, 1847, xlvii. 22. 
 
 Dillon, an Irish insurgent, VII. xliii. 1 38. 
 
 Dinaut, terms of treaty of Aix-la-Cha- 
 pelle regarding, I. vi. 69. 
 
 Diuo, general, successes of, in Spain, II. 
 xii. 77. 
 
 Dino, mademoiselle de, VI. xxxiv. 17. 
 
 Diplomatic situations, large employment 
 of officers in, in India, VI. xl. 8. 
 
 Direct taxation, the French franchise 
 founded on, I. vi. 2 unequal distribu- 
 tion of, in England, IV. xxiii. 147 sub- 
 stitution of, for indirect, VII. xlii. 20. 
 
 Direct taxes, inexpediency of, I. ii. 21 
 statistics regarding, in France, vi. 
 11 produce of, France, 1830, III. 
 xvii. 36 weight of them there, 129 
 additions to them, 1848, VIII. 1. 
 28 indignation caused by the addi- 
 tions, 29 falling off in them, 1848, li. 
 33. 
 
 Disbanded soldiers, number and influ- 
 ence of, in Gallicia, VII. xlvi. 19. 
 
 Discontent, effects of, caused by fall of 
 prices in inducing the desire for re- 
 form, iv. xxii. 4. 
 
 Discount, low rates of, 1844 to 1846, 
 VII. xlii. 1 and note rates of, during 
 the crisis of 1847, xliii. 73. 
 
 Discount banks, establishment of, in 
 France, VIII. 1. 26, 
 
 Disfranchisement, ministerial plan of, by 
 the reform bill, IV. xxiii. 42. 
 
 Disfranchising clauses, the, retained in 
 new reform bill, IV. xxiii. 94. 
 
 Disraeli the elder, the works of, I. v. 40. 
 
 Disraeli, the novels of, I. v. 73 picture 
 of Queen Victoria on her accession by, 
 
 VI. xxxvi. 74 on Sir Robert Peel, 
 
 VII. xii. 5 declaration of, on corn 
 laws, 1845, xlii. 34 attack on Sir li. 
 Peel by, 57 arguments of, against the 
 corn-law abolition bill, 59 arguments 
 of, against Irish coercion bill, 77 his 
 account of the division on the Irish 
 coercion bill, 82 arguments of, against 
 the change in the sugar duties, xliii. 
 9 on the disfranchisement of the 
 colonies by the reform bill, &c., 21 
 note on Lord George Bentinck, 64 
 arguments of, against repeal of navi- 
 gation laws, VIII. lvi. 1 1 et seq. mo- 
 tion by, for relief to agriculturists, 18 
 arguments against free trade, 29 et 
 scq motion on it, 30, 31 chancellor of 
 the exchequer, 1852, 64 note as 
 leader of the House of Commons, 66 
 - his budget, and defeat of ministers 
 on it, 70. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the A rabic 
 
 Dissent, increase of, from deficient church 
 accommodation, I. iv. 44 obstacles 
 presented by, to a system of national 
 education, II. x. 59. 
 
 Dissenters, the, oppose Brougham's 
 scheme of education in 1820, II. x. 56 
 bearing of the test and corporation 
 acts on, IV. xxi. 103, 107 numbers 
 of, in Ireland, V. xxxi. 45, VI. xxxvi. 
 19 note views and objects of, V. 
 xxxi. 127 bill regarding marriages of, 
 VI. xxxv. 30 bill regarding mar- 
 riages of, passed, xxxvi. 48 opposi- 
 tion of, to the factory and education 
 bill, VII. xii. 79 and to the education 
 grants, xliii. 96. 
 
 Dissimulation, prevalence of, in Russia, 
 
 II. viii. 37. 
 
 Distances, effect of, in Russia, II. viii. 39. 
 
 Distraining, power of, in Ireland, IV. 
 xx. 3 its frequency there, II. x. 118 
 crimes resulting from it, VII. xlii. 
 77, 79. 
 
 Distress, general, which ensued on the 
 peace, I. ii. 4 not due to the peace, 
 9 influence of, in England, II. x. 2 
 the prevalent, 1830, the Royal speech 
 on it, IV. xxii. 20 debate in the Peers 
 on it, 21 et seq. universality of the, 
 and cry for reform caused by it, 41. 
 
 Dittmar, baron de, VIII. liii. 26. 
 
 Divorce, law of, discussion on, in France, 
 
 I. iii. 121 rejection of new law on, in 
 France, 1848, VIII. li. 4. 
 
 Djcham, defeat of the Persians on the, 
 
 III. xv. 4. 
 
 Djemillah, occupation of, by the French, 
 VI. xxxiv. 57. 
 
 Djevan-Boulak, battle of, III. xv. 22. 
 
 Doab, neglect of public works in, and its 
 results, vi. xxxix. 13. 
 
 Dobrogoyski, a Pole, transported to Si- 
 beria, II. viii. 90. 
 
 Dobshoff, M. VIII. liv. 57. 
 
 Dockvard men, military organisation of 
 the, VII. xliii. 28. 
 
 Doctoroff, operations of, against Ryweki, 
 
 IV. xxvi. 92. 
 
 Doctrinaires, the, feeling of, on the 
 elections of 1817, I. vi. 42 party of, 
 
 II. ix. 14 support the Decazes mi- 
 nistry, 24 new electoral law agreed 
 to by, 28, 29 course followed by, 
 after the fall of Decazes, 50 vote 
 against re-establishing the censorship, 
 59 course followed by, regarding the 
 electoral law, 74 rupture of, with the 
 ministry, 87 their views, 88 vehe- 
 mence of, against the Richelieu minis- 
 try, 105 party of, III. xvii. 9 in 
 the Broglie ministry, IV. xxv. 2 
 their views, ib.- resignation of, 7 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 ! 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Doctrinaires, the, continued. 
 
 ministry from, V. xxix. 83, xxx. 9 
 formerly oppose the law against asso- 
 ciations, 35 general retirement of, 40 
 resignation of, xxxiii. 5 views 
 of, on the conspiracy of Fieschi, 45 
 ministry from, 71 removed from the 
 ministry, 86 views of, on Algeria, 
 106 schism between, and Count Mole, 
 VI. xxxiv. 15 negotiation between 
 Thiers and, 1839, 33 excluded from 
 the second Thiers ministry, 74. 
 
 Doherty, chief justice, trial of Smith 
 O'Brien, &c. by, VII. xliii. 140. 
 
 Dohony, an Irish insurgent, VII. xliii. 
 138. 
 
 Dolgorowsky, prince, appointed minister 
 of justice, III. xv. 20. 
 
 Dolma, storming of battery of, Misso- 
 longhi, III. xiv. 136. 
 
 Domestic policy, change in, from the 
 fall of the Wellington ministry, IV. 
 xxiii. 1. 
 
 Don Carlos, Schiller's, V. xxviii. 19. 
 
 Don Juan, remarks on, I. v. 13. 
 
 Don Roderick, remarks on, I. v. 19. 
 
 Don Sylvio di Rosalva, Wieland's, V. 
 xxviii. 8. 
 
 Donabru, first repulse of the British at, 
 and its subsequent capture, VI. xxxix. 
 65. 
 
 Donegal, outrages in, 1832, V. xxxi. 20. 
 
 Donnadieu, general, suppression of the 
 outbreak at Grenoble by, I. iii. 124 
 his subsequent severities, 125 re- 
 turned as member to the Deputies, 
 and his character, II. ix. 96. 
 
 Doon, cession of, to the British, VI. 
 xxxix. 44. 
 
 Doorjun Saul, usurpation of the throne 
 of Bhurtpore by, VI. xxxix. 79 the 
 British declare against him, 80, 81 
 taken prisoner, 85. 
 
 Dorset, duke of, master of the horse, 
 1835, VI. xxxv. 16 note. 
 
 Dorchester, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Dorsetshire, elections for 1831 in, IV. 
 xxiii. 68 wages in, 1839, VI. xxxvii. 
 45-distress in, 1841, VII. xli. 19. 
 
 Dost Mahommed, capture of Herat by, 
 VI. xl. 36 expelled from it, ib. 
 seizes the throne of Afghanistan, ib. 
 true interest of the British to sup- 
 port him, 37 mission of Sir Alex. 
 Burnes to, 41 policy pursued by Lord 
 Auckland toward him, 42 liberal 
 promises of the Russian agent, 43 
 determination of the British govern- 
 ment to dethrone, 52 error of this, 
 53 his ability and popularity, ib. 
 
 54 plans, &c. of, 67, 68 capture of 
 Ghuznee, 70 et seq. effect of fall of 
 Ghuznee on, 72 vain efforts to make 
 a stand, and his flight, 73 further 
 pursuit of, 76 adventures and escapes 
 of, 87 defeated at the Bamian Pass, 
 88, 89 his fresh efforts, 90 his 
 threatening advance, 91 victory, 92 
 and surrender to the British, 73 
 effects of his surrender, 94 terms 
 of the capitulation regarding, 121 
 injustice of the attack on, 137 libe- 
 ration and restoration of, VIII. xlviii. 
 108. 
 
 Douanes, loi des, in France, VII. xliv. 
 58. 
 
 Double standard, a, proposed in Eng- 
 land, IV. xxii. 32 arguments against 
 it, ib. note. 
 
 Doudeauville, M., a leader of the Parti- 
 pretre, III. xvi. 10. 
 
 Douglas, Mr Keith, on colonial repre- 
 sentation, IV. xxiii. 75 note. 
 
 Douglas, Sir Howard, opposes the limit- 
 ed service system, VII. xliii. 95. 
 
 Douglas, Monteith, VI. xl. 135. 
 
 Douranee empire, extent of the, in 
 1810, VI. xl. 23. See Affghanistan. 
 
 Douranees, insurrection and defeat of, 
 
 VI. xl. 98. 
 
 Douro, defeat of the Portuguese royal- 
 ists on the, II. xii. 97. 
 
 Dover, reception of the queen at, II. x. 
 80, 81 embarkation of Louis Phil- 
 ippe at, VII. xli. 118 garrison re- 
 quired for, xliii. 27 note. 
 
 Dowlat Rao Scindia, death of, VIII. 
 xlix. 35. 
 
 Downton, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Doyle, Dr, on the state of Ireland, 
 1833, V. xxxi. 35. 
 
 Dragaschan, defeat of Ipsilanti at, III. 
 xiv. 33. 
 
 Draguignan, the Duke of Orleans at, V. 
 xxx. 6. 
 
 Drainage act, benefits derived from the, 
 
 VII. xliii. 30 employment afforded 
 under the, in Scotland, 52. 
 
 Draining, general introduction of, into 
 Great Britain, VIII. lvi. 21. 
 
 Drama-Ali, defeat of, by Niketas, III. 
 xiv. 87. 
 
 Drama, decline of the, in England, and 
 its cause, I. v. 107 the modern 
 French, its corrupt character, III. 
 xviii. 6 decline of it in France, 67 
 causes of this, (58 character stamped 
 ou it in despotic states, V. xxviii. 
 2. 
 
 Dramantis, a Greek leader in Eubcea, 
 III. xiv. 104. 
 
 treaty for restoration of Shah Soojah, 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 79 
 
 Drapeau Blanc newspaper, prosecution 
 of the, III. xvi. 37 its circulation, 
 xvii. 19 note. 
 
 Drapeau rouge, demand of the mob for 
 the, and conduct of Lamartine re- 
 garding it, VIII. 1. 8. 
 
 Drave river, the, VIII. lv. 4. 
 
 Dresden, revolutionary disturbances in, 
 1830, IV. xxiv. 84 and 1831, xxv. 
 33 the china of, V. xxvii. 7 the 
 museum and palace of, 8 railway to, 
 67 outbreak at, 1848, VIII. liii. 81 
 final arrangement of affairs of Ger- 
 many at, 1851, 94. 
 
 Dreux-Breze, M. de, a leader of the 
 Legitimists, VI. xxxiv. 2. 
 
 Drew, lieutenant, captm-e of the Caro- 
 line by, VI. xxxvii. 90. 
 
 Drink, annual expenditure by the work- 
 ing classes on, IV. xxiii. 164. 
 
 Droits de l'Homme, Society of, at La- 
 marque's funeral, V. xxix. 58 report 
 on it, xxxiii. 17 note. 
 
 Droit wich, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Dromore, bill abolishing bishopric of, 
 V. xxxi. 45 note. 
 
 Drouet, general, I. iii. 106 the arrest 
 of, ordered, 19. 
 
 Drought, excessive, in Great Britain, 
 1826, IV. xxi. 43 the season of, in 
 India, VI. xxxix. 10. 
 
 Drouillard, M., trial of, for bribery, VII. 
 xlvii. 11. 
 
 Drouyn de Lhuys, M., foreign minister 
 under Louis Napoleon, VIII. li. 31 
 ambassador to London, lvi. 58 a 
 member of Louis Napoleon's cabinet, 
 lvii. 3 appointed foreign minister, 34. 
 
 Drouineau, lieutenant, Vl. xxxiv. 41. 
 
 Drouot, general, proscribed in 1815, I. 
 iii. 19 dismissed from service, III. 
 xvi. 13. 
 
 Druey, M,, member of the Swiss Diet, 
 VII. xlvi. 100. 
 
 Drummond, lieutenant, IV. xxiii. 93. 
 
 Drummond, Mr, secretary to Sir R. 
 Peel, murder of, VII. xli. 85. 
 
 Drunkenness, increase of, by cheapen- 
 ing spirits, III. xix. 73 influence of, 
 on cholera, V. xxix. 32 note, 
 
 Drury Lane Theatre, banquet to Mr 
 Hume in, VI. xxxvi. 55. 
 
 Druses, revolt of the, against Mehemet 
 AH, V. xxxii. 56. 
 
 Dublin, the archbishop of, on the tithe 
 system, V. xxxi. 16. 
 
 Dublin, rejoicings in, on the acquittal of 
 the queen, II. x. 88 reception of 
 George IV. in, 110 grants from 
 Great Britain to the charities of, IV. 
 xx. 5 trials for riot at theatre of, 
 
 1823, 19 distress in, 1826, xxi. 2 
 ravages of cholera in, V. xxxi. 9 
 increase of, since the Union, 124 note 
 the corporation of, VI. xxxvi. 32 
 proposed reform of it, 33 the Irish 
 police placed under central office in, 
 xxxviii. 26 speech of O'Connell at 
 meeting in, 1839, 27 the election of 
 1841 for, 57. 
 
 Dublin Society, grant to the, IV. xx. 5 
 note. 
 
 Dublin University, election of 1830 for, 
 IV. xxii. 57. 
 
 Dubouchaze, M., dismissed from the 
 ministry, I. vi. 39. 
 
 Dubourg, general, during the Three 
 Days, III. xvii. 81 mission of, from 
 the Republicans to the Orleanists, IV. 
 xxiv. 15 reception of Louis Philippe 
 at the Hotel de Ville, 30. 
 
 Dubreton, general, made a peer, I. vi. 96. 
 
 Du Cayla, the countess, character, &c. 
 of, II. ix. 46 her introduction to 
 Louis XVIII. , and influence with 
 him, 47, xii. 120, 122. 
 
 Duchaffant, M., III. xvii. 67 note, 74 
 note. 
 
 Duchatel, M., resignation of, V. xxxiii. 
 5 votes for, as vice-president of 
 the Deputies, 55 becomes min- 
 ister of finance, 71 note removed 
 from ministry of finance, 86 minister 
 of interior, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 38 and 
 under Soult, 1840, 102 note motion 
 by, on reform, 1841, VII. xliv. 56 
 character, &c. of, 103 answer of, on 
 the address, 1848, xlvii. 33 proposals 
 of, regarding the reform procession, 
 46 resignation of, 55 decree against, 
 VIII. 1. 10. 
 
 Duckworth, Sir John, his attack on 
 Constantinople, III. xiii. 43- 
 
 Duclerc, M., minister of finances, 1848, 
 VIII. 1. 69 note, 78 removal of, from 
 the finances, li. 1. 
 
 Ducos, M., minister of marine, VIII. 
 lvii. 34. 
 
 Dudley, lord, on the resumption of cash 
 payments, II. x. 21 note on the dis- 
 franchisement of Grampound, 63 note 
 on the queen, 80 note picture of 
 the state of the empire, 1825, III. 
 xix. 61 becomes foreign secretary, 
 IV. xxi. 66 at first retains office 
 under Vrellington, D5 afterwards 
 resigns, 96. 
 
 Dudley, member given to, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note riots at, 1842, VII. xli. 20. 
 
 Dudon, M., president of the mixed com- 
 mission in France, I. vi. 29 returned 
 as member to the Deputies, II. ix. 
 96. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 80 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Dufaure, M., minister of public works 
 under Soult, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 38 
 note. 
 
 Duff, Captain Grant, on the character 
 of the sepoys, VI. xxxix. 78. 
 
 Duffaud, madame, the romances of, III. 
 xviii. 71. 
 
 Duffy, letter from, to Smith O'Brien, 
 VII. xliii. 140 and note. 
 
 Dufour, general, appointed commander- 
 in-chief by the Swiss Diet, VII. xlvi. 
 96 captures Fribourg and Lucerne, 
 103. 
 
 Duland, admiral, withdrawal of, from 
 the Levant, VI. xxxiv. 100. 
 
 Dulaure, efforts of, against the Polignac 
 ministry, III. xvii. 19. 
 
 Dulong, M., death of, in a duel, V. xxx. 
 32. 
 
 Dumas, Alexandre, the romances of, 
 III. xviii. 70 a writer for the daily 
 press, 74 the Caligula of, VI. xxxiv. 
 12. 
 
 Dumas, General Mathieu, iii. xvii. 67 
 note made a councillor of state, I. 
 vi. 82 the writings of, III. xviii. 46. 
 
 Dumas, M. de, a leader of the Parti-pre- 
 tre, III. xvi. 10 fidelity of, to Charles 
 X., xvii. 95. 
 
 Dumbarton, reform riots at, IV. xxiii. 
 67 intended rising in, 1848, VII. 
 xliii. 129. 
 
 Dumolard, M., attempt of, to fix tariff 
 of wages at Lyons, V. xxix. 8 at- 
 tempts to draw back, 9 dissension 
 between him and the governor, 10 
 efforts of, to bring about accommoda- 
 tion, his arrest and liberation, 12 
 further measures of, 15 censured, and 
 resigns, 16. 
 
 Dumoulin, M., proposes to proclaim the 
 empire in 1830, IV. xxiv. 24. 
 
 Duncannon, lord, one of the committee 
 for preparing the reform bill, IV. 
 xxiii. 30 appointed home secretary, 
 V. xxxi. 142 O'Connell's letters to, 
 157 commissioner of woods and for- 
 ests, 1835, VI. xxxv. 44 note. 
 
 Duncombe, Mr, the Chartist petition 
 presented by, VII. xli. 85 brings 
 forward the letter - opening charge 
 against Graham, xlii. 31. 
 
 Dundalk, increase of, since the Union, 
 V. xxxi. 124 note. 
 
 Dundas, intimacy of Huskisson with, 
 III. xix. 19 note. 
 
 Dundas, Mr It. , struck off as commis- 
 sioner of the navy, IV. xxii. 31. 
 
 Dundas, colonel, defeat of the American 
 sympathisers by, VI. xxxvii. 105. 
 
 Dundas, Sir D., solicitor-general, 1840, 
 VII. xliii. 4 note. 
 
 Dundee, member given by reform bill 
 to, IV. xxiii. 116 ratio of mortality 
 in, VII. xliii. 93 note. 
 
 Dunin, lieutenant, at Sieroczyn, IV. 
 xxvi. 53. 
 
 Dunkennin, tithe murders at, VI. xxxvi. 
 43. 
 
 Dunoyer, captain, invades the Chamber 
 of Deputies, VII. xlvii. 74. 
 
 Dunwich, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Dupanloup, M., attends Talleyrand on 
 his death-bed, VI. xxxiv. 17. 
 
 Duperre, admiral, becomes minister of 
 marine, V. xxxiii. 6 minister of ma- 
 rine under Thiers, 52 note and under 
 Soult, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 38 note, 102 
 note. 
 
 Dupetit-Thouars, admiral, proceedings, 
 &c. of, at Tahiti, VII. xli. 98 takes 
 possession of the island, 99 outrage 
 on Mr Pritchard, 100 his seizure of 
 the island disavowed, 101 excitement 
 caused by the disavowal of his acts, 
 xlvi. 2, 4. 
 
 Dupin, M., III. xvii. 62, 67 note the 
 defence of Xey by, I. iii. 84 et seq. 
 defence of the liberal press by, III. 
 xvi. 37 on the natural children in 
 France, xvii. 122 resignation of, IV. 
 xxv. 7 announces the dismissal of La- 
 fayette, 16 attack by the mob on, 
 and his escape, 46 on the prevalence 
 of physical deformity in the manufac- 
 turing districts, V. xxix. 5 majority 
 for, as president of Deputies, xxx. 14 
 and again, 1834, 58, xxxiii. 2 
 speech of, in favour of economy, 4 
 becomes minister of marine, 5 argu- 
 ments of, against the law for disjunc- 
 tion of trials, 83 views of, on Algeria, 
 106, 112 majority for, as president, 
 1839, VI. xxxiv. 32 accompanies the 
 Duchessc d'Orleans to the Deputies, 
 VII. xlvii, 69 announces the king's 
 abdication, 70 returned to National 
 Assembly, VIII. 1. 77 at Bugeaud's 
 funeral, lvii. 19- -after the coup 
 d'etat, 50. 
 
 Dupin aim;, M., III. xvii. 67 note a 
 member of Louis Philippe's first cabi- 
 net, IV. xxiv. 44 chosen president 
 of Legislative Assembly, VIII. lvii. 15. 
 
 Duplessis, M., opposes the indemnity to 
 the imperial donatories, II. ix. 102. 
 
 Dupont de l'Eure, M., returned to the 
 Deputies in 1817, I. vi. 42 returned 
 for Paris in 1S27, III. xvi. 71 keeper 
 of seals and minister of justice under 
 Louis Philippe, IV. xxiv. 44 violent 
 language of, in the council, 56 con- 
 nected with the refugee liberals from 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 81 
 
 Spain, 66 party and views of, iu the 
 ministry, xxv. 2 threatens to resign if 
 Barrot is dismissed, 7 resignation of, 
 1 7 chosen vice-president of Chamber, 
 1831, 59 majority against, as vice- 
 president of Deputies, V. xxx. 14 
 letter of, on resigning his seat in the 
 Deputies, 36 note views of, 1837, 
 
 VI. xxxiv. 5 demand of Thiers re- 
 garding, 33 views of, on the franchise, 
 1839, 63 returned to Deputies, 1842, 
 
 VII. xliv. 80 nominated one of the 
 provisional government, xlvii. 74, 75 
 note votes for, 1848, VIII. 1. 64 note 
 at the meeting of the Assembly, 65. 
 
 Dupoty, M., prosecution of, VII. xliv. 
 67. 
 
 Duppeln, battle of, VIII. liii. 41. 
 
 Dupuytrien the surgeon, at the death- 
 bed of the Duke de Berri, II. ix. 37. 
 
 Duquette, a Canadian insurgent, execu- 
 tion of, VI. xxxvii. 107. 
 
 Durand, lieutenant, at the assault of 
 Ghuznee, VI. xl. 70 chief engineer 
 at Cabul, urges occupying the Bala- 
 Hissar, 101 note. 
 
 Durando, general, forces under, VIII. 
 Hi. 36 movements of, on the Piave, 
 45 forces under, at Vicenza, 56 
 defeat and capitulation there, 57 at 
 Novara, 94, 96. 
 
 Duras, the duke de, I. iii. 82. 
 
 Duree Pass, the, VIII. xlviii. 89. 
 
 Durham, earl of, lord privy seal, IV. 
 xxiii. 6 note one of the committee 
 for preparing the reform bill, 30 ad- 
 vocates the creation of peers, 101 
 one of the commission for giving the 
 royal assent to the bill, 115 views of, 
 on the Irish coercion bill, V. xxxi. 
 138 recrimination between, and Lord 
 Brougham, 159 festival to, at Glas- 
 gow, ib. mission of, to St. Peters- 
 burg, its objects, his reception, &c, 
 xxxii. 27 appointed governor of Ca- 
 nada, VI. xxxvii. 93 its state on his 
 
 arrival, 95 difficulties of, regarding 
 the trial of the prisoners, ib. course 
 followed by him, 96 mistake in the 
 ordinance for their transportation, 97 
 inefficient support given him by the 
 home government, 100 he resigns, 
 101 report by him on Canada, 102 
 comparison between Canada and the 
 United States by, 115 his return to 
 England, and death, 116 note. 
 
 Durham, lady, VI. xxxvii. 116 note. 
 
 Durham, continuance of military training 
 in, 1820, II. x. 49 additional mem- 
 bers for, IV. xxiii. 42 note pressure 
 in coal districts of, 1847, VII. xliii. 
 102. 
 
 Dusseldorf, excitement in, 1848, VIII. 
 liii. 22. 
 
 Dutch loan, discussion on the, V. xxxi. 
 11. See Holland. 
 
 Duval, M.Maurice, at Lafitte's, IV. xxiv. 
 25 suppression of revolt at Toulouse 
 by, VII. xliv. 63. 
 
 Duvergier de Hauranne, M., VII. xliv. 
 99 returned to Deputies in 1831, 
 IV. xxv. 57 -joins the coalition against 
 the government, VII. xlvii. 18 speech 
 of, at the Chateau Rouge banquet, 20 
 one of the ministry under Thiers, 
 62 at the last council of Louis Phil- 
 ippe, 65. 
 
 Duvivier, general, at the Col de Mouzaia, 
 VII. xlv. 23 appointed to command 
 at Medeah, 25 commander of the 
 Garde Mobile, VIII. 1. 59 votes for, 
 1848, 64 note during the insurrection 
 of Juno, 84 wounded, 90, 94. 
 
 Dwernicki, general, successes of, against 
 Geismar, IV. xxvi. 53 further opera- 
 tions of, 55 movements assigned to, 
 59 forces under, 60 invades Volhy- 
 nia, is defeated, and retreats, 69. 
 
 Dynasties, the struggle between, in 
 France, III. xvii. 101. 
 
 Dysentery, sufferings of the British in 
 Burmah from, VI. xxxix. 61, 68. 
 
 E 
 
 Eagnon, a leader of the Canadian in- 
 surgents, VI. xxxvii. 104. 
 
 Earthenware, reduction of duties on, 
 1825, III. xix. 76. 
 
 Earthquake, destructive, in Asia, III. 
 xiv. 81. 
 
 East, the, Chateaubriand's travels in, II. 
 xi. 6 note, III. xviii. 8 character of 
 the wars of, III. xiii. 1 the wars be- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 tween it and the West, 3, IV. xxvi. 1 
 its lasting conquests over the West, 
 
 III. xiii. 4 Chateaubriand in, xviii. 8 
 its unity constitutes its strength, 
 
 IV. xxvi. 98 debate in the Deputies 
 on the affairs of, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 46 
 Lamartine's speech on the subject, 47 
 and answer of Villemain, 51- mea- 
 sures of Soult in, 54 threatening 
 
 the Paragraph. F
 
 82 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 East, the, continued. 
 
 aspect of affairs in, 1840, 88 Guizot's 
 account of British policy there, 89 
 Thiers' reply, 90 the allied treaty, 92 
 memorandum of the allies to France, 
 93 treaty of Feb. 13, 1841, regarding, 
 114 power of Russia in, xxxvi. 52 
 permanence of the village system in, 
 xxxix. 16 obstacles to indirect taxa- 
 tion in, 20 - increasing jealousy of 
 Russia in, xl. 28 her rapid progress 
 there, 29, 30 effect of the raising of 
 the siege of Herat on British influence 
 in, 51 jealousy of France regarding, 
 1840, VII. xliv. 46. 
 
 East India Company, the, shipping, &c. 
 employed by, II. x. 64 expiry of 
 charter of, and its modified renewal, 
 
 V. xxxi. 68 et seq. public works of, 
 
 VI. xxxix. 13 difficulties of, with re- 
 gard to public works, 14 revenues of, 
 21 and note management of the 
 China trade by, VIII. xlviii. 18 
 revenue derived from opium, 21 - 
 opposed to the Afghanistan expedi- 
 tion, 47 pacific improvements of, 
 1849, &c, xlix. 1 12 et seq. the pacific 
 policy of, 121 reflections on the fall 
 of, 125. See also India. 
 
 East India directors, discreditable treaty 
 with Scindia and Holkar, VI. xxxix. 
 35 the recall of Lord Ellenborough 
 by, VIII. xlix. 44, 45 appoint Sir H. 
 Hardinge, 46 policy recommended to 
 him, 47 letter of, on railways, 49 note. 
 
 East India question, the, feeling of the 
 country on it, V. xxxi. 68 govern- 
 ment plan on the subject, 69 argu- 
 ments for the bill, 70 et seq. it is 
 passed, 73 injustice done to the in- 
 habitants of India by it, 74. 
 
 East India sugar, motion regarding, VII. 
 xli. 106 reduction of duty on, 1845, 
 xlii. 15. 
 
 East India trade, statistics of the, V. xxxi. 
 71. 
 
 East Tndies, estimated supply of sugar 
 from the, 1847, VII. xliii. 5 note. 
 
 East Retford, conviction of, for bribery, 
 and its disfranchisement, IV. xxi. 
 83 resignation of Huskisson and his 
 friends on the question, 96 import- 
 ance of the division on it, xxiii. 138. 
 
 Eastern Counties Railway, parliamentary 
 expenses of, VII. xlii. 5 note. 
 
 Eastern Europe, character of wars of, 
 III. xiii. 5. 
 
 Eastern Prussia, demands of Diet of, on 
 accession of the new king, V. xxvii. 
 62. 
 
 Eastern question, difficulties of the, III. 
 xiv. 171 causes of present difficulties 
 
 of the, xv. 43 effects of treaty of 
 Unkiar-Skelessi on the, V. xxxii. 31 
 causes of discord remaining in the, 
 1833, 39 jealousy awakened on it in 
 the English cabinet, 40 divergence 
 of view regarding it between France 
 and England, 41 causes of this, 42 
 increasing coldness between Turkey 
 and France, 44 treaty of 15th July 
 1840 for settlement of the, 57 speech 
 of Thiers on, 1840, VI. xxxiv. G6 et seq. 
 reflections on this debate, 70 me- 
 morandum from Guizot to the British 
 government on, 98 views of the 
 former on it, 99 speech of Thiers on, 
 1840, 104 answer of Guizot, 107 
 escape of Europe from war on the, 
 1840, 115 alienation of France from 
 England by the, 1841, VII. xli. 15. 
 
 Eastern states, their decay brought 
 .about by revolt of distant provinces, 
 V. xxxii. 1. 
 
 Eastlake, Sir Charles, the paintings of, I. 
 v. 92. 
 
 Ebrington, lord, re turned for Devonshire, 
 1830, IV. xxii. 57 moves the vote of 
 confidence in the Whig ministry, xxiii. 
 82 his motion against the Wellington 
 ministry, 111 address to Earl Grey 
 got up by, V. xxxi. 130 becomes 
 lord-lieutenant of Ireland, VI. xxxvi. 
 65. 
 
 Ecclesiastical affairs, ministry of, in 
 France, II. xii. 120. 
 
 Ecclesiastical endowments, law for pro- 
 viding additional, in France, II. ix. 100. 
 
 Ecclesiastical peers, great creation of, in 
 France, III. xvi. 69 motion against 
 the, VI. xxxvi. 23. 
 
 Ecclesiastical property, amount of, in 
 Turkey, III. xiii. 20. 
 
 Ecclesiastical States, the, entrance of the 
 Austrians into, VIII. lii. 77 anarchy 
 in, 82 republic proclaimed, 83. See 
 Rome, &c. 
 
 Ecclesiastical statistics, 1818, I. iv. 44 
 note. 
 
 Echo Francais, publication of the alleged 
 letters of Louis Philippe by the, VII. 
 xliv. 53. 
 
 Echo do la Fabriquc, the, a manufactur- 
 ing journal, V. xxx. 43. 
 
 Eckcnfiorde, naval disasters of the 
 Danes at, VIII. liii. 95 recaptured, 
 101- Williscn defeated at, 102. 
 
 Eckmuhl, the prince of, made a peer, I. 
 vi. 96. 
 
 Ecoles des Beaux Arts, grant for, V. Xxx. 
 18 note. 
 
 Ecolo Militaire, catastrophe at the, on 
 the marriage of the Duke of Orleans, 
 V. xxxiii. 89. 
 
 77ie Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 83 
 
 Ecole Polytechnique, re- establishment of 
 the, I. iii. 131 declaration of the 
 pupils of the, for republicanism, IV. 
 xxiv. 23. 
 
 Economists, the, the school of, I. v. 37, 
 38 arguments of, on machinery, IV. 
 xxiv. 5. 
 
 Economy, effects of, in Great Britain, I. 
 i. 26 cry for, on the peace, ii. 9 
 danger of England in 1841 from the 
 passion for, V. xxxii. 81 dangers from 
 undue, in the army, VI. xl. 146. 
 
 Edgeworth, Miss, the novels of, I. v. 
 69. 
 
 Edict of Nantes, revocation of, the silk 
 manufacture in England due to, III. 
 xix. 48. 
 
 Edinburgh, the architecture of, I. v. 87 
 rejoicings in, on the acquittal of the 
 queen, II. x. 88 the king's visit to, 
 1 52 et seq. motion for reform in 
 representation of, 1824, IV. xx. 29 
 illuminations and riots in, on the dis- 
 solution of parliament, 1831, xxiii. 
 66, 67 anti-reform meeting at, 71 - 
 reform meeting at, 85 violent reform 
 meeting at, 104 two members given 
 to, by reform bill, 116 the Grey 
 banquet at, V. xxxi. 159 ratio of 
 mortality in, VII. xliii. 93 note dis- 
 turbances in, 1848, 130. 
 
 Edinburgh, the, at Acre, V. xxxii. 72. 
 
 Edinburgh Review, the, rise of, I. v. 43 
 Horner's contributions to, iv. 28 
 Horner on it, ib. note Mackintosh's 
 essays in, 53 supports the reform 
 bill, IV. xxiii. 71 -on the position of 
 the Melbourne ministry, 1835, VI. 
 xxxvi. 24. 
 
 Edinburgh yeomanry squadron, the, in 
 1820, II. x. 51. 
 
 Edinburghshire, saving effected by con- 
 solidating the road trusts in, VII. xli. 
 84 note. 
 
 Edmonstone, Mr, opposes the Affghan- 
 istan expedition, VI. xl. 54 note. 
 
 Educated classes, the, views, &c. of, in 
 Russia, II. viii. 55 difficulties con- 
 nected with the disposal of, x. 61 
 Catholic emancipation a triumph of, 
 IV. xxi. 158 election of public func- 
 tionaries from, in China, VIII. xlviii. 
 15. 
 
 Education, relations of, to morality, I. i. 
 47 causes why it fails to arrest crime, 
 49 statistics of, among criminals, IV. 
 93 note measures for, in Poland 
 under Russia, II. viii. 9 insufficient 
 provision for, in Russia, 21- measures 
 of the Emperor Alexander for, 66 
 general, scheme of, for England, pro- 
 posed by Brougham in 1820, x. 56 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the xirabic to 
 
 statistics connected with it there, 57 
 inefficiency of the voluntary system, 
 and necessity for endowments, 58 
 difficulties of the question, 59 way 
 in which to be solved, 60 effects of, 
 in promoting the dispersion of man, 
 62 spread of, in Greece, III. xiv. 3 
 law for removing it from the hands of 
 the Jesuits, xvi. 81 society for, 
 Dublin, grant to the, IV. xx. 5 note 
 unrepresented under the reform bill, 
 xxiii. 151 universal diffusion of, in 
 Germany, V. xxvii. 9 anomalous re- 
 sults of, on crime, 10 statistics of 
 the two in Prussia, ib. and in Aus- 
 tria, 11 efforts of government for 
 diffusion of, in Prussia, 43 effect of 
 the diffusion of, in increasing the pas- 
 sion for freedom in Germany, 82 
 spread of, in Ireland since the Union, 
 xxxi. 124 note measures for, in Tur- 
 key, xxxii. 53 the national board of, 
 in Ireland, VI. xxxv. 36 factory, 
 bill to regulate, VII. xli. 79 imper- 
 fect, in manufacturing districts, 81 
 foundation, &c. of secular colleges in 
 Ireland, xlii. 22 measures, &c, for, 
 
 1847, xliii. 96 statistics of, among 
 criminals, ib. note national, error in 
 the system of, under Loiiis Philippe, 
 xliv. 12 its irreligious character, 13 
 new bill regarding, in France, xlvi. 
 5 debate on it, 6 et seq. measures 
 for promoting, in Tuscany, 69 state 
 of, in China, VIII. xlviii. 17 enact- 
 ments of French Assembly regarding, 
 
 1848, li. 4 general diffusion of, in 
 Germany, liii. 6 provisions of Aus- 
 trian constitution regarding, lv. 2 
 measures proposed by French Assem- 
 bly for, lvii. 9 new regulations of 
 Louis Napoleon regarding, 22. 
 
 Edward VI., debasement of the coin 
 under, I. iv. 70. 
 
 Edwardes, lieutenant, operations of, 
 against the Sikhs, VIII. xlix. 95 
 major, at siege of Mooltan, 109. 
 
 Edwards, betrayal of the Cato Street 
 conspirators by, II. x. 45, 46. 
 
 Egerton, Lord Francis, VI. xxxv. 22 
 motion by, on Irish corporation bill, 
 xxxvi. 38. 
 
 Eglinton, earl of, lord - lieutenant of 
 Ireland, 1852, VIII. Ivi. 64 note. 
 
 Egoa, M., minister of marine, II. xi. 
 69. 
 
 Eguia, general, displaced by the revolu- 
 tionists at Granada, II. vii. 73 
 royalist insurrection under, xi. 60. 
 
 Egypt, the revolt of, against Turkey, 
 III. xiii. 36 pacha of, subjugation of 
 Crete by, xiv. 97 position. &c. of, 
 
 the Paragraph,
 
 84 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Egypt, continued. 
 
 under Mehemet Ali, V. xxxii. 2 -his 
 system of civil government, 4 origin 
 of the war with Turkey, 5 suspected 
 designs of France on, 22 interfer- 
 ence of Russia between her and 
 Turkey, 23 et seq. surrender of, to 
 Mehemet Ali agreed to by Turkey, 
 25 treaty between, and Turkey, 28 
 Mehemet Ali confirmed in, ib. 
 jealousy of England regarding French 
 predominance in, 40 ultimate de- 
 mands of the parties regarding, 56 
 conditions of treaty of the five powers 
 regarding, 57 importance of Syria 
 in relation to, 63 terms of treaty be- 
 tween Mehemet Ali and Turkey rc- 
 garding, 75 Thiers's policy toward, 
 
 VI. xxxiv. 88 treaty regarding, be- 
 tween Turkey and Mehemet Ali, 114 
 proposed cession of, to England, 
 
 VII. xli. 120. See also Mehemet 
 Ali. 
 
 Egyptian fleet, junction of, with the 
 Turkish, III. xiv. 111. 
 
 Egyptian troops, the, engaged for re- 
 conquest of Greece, III. xiv. 103. 
 
 Egyptians, race of the, III. xiii. 7. 
 
 Eichhorn, M., a leader of the Puritan 
 party in Prussia, V. xxvii. 73. 
 
 Ejectments, commencement of, in Ire- 
 land, II. x. 118 number of, in Ire- 
 land, VII. xlii. 78 enactments re- 
 garding, 79. 
 
 Elbe, regulations regarding the free navi- 
 gation of the, V. xxvii. 41 terms of 
 treaty with Austria regarding the, 
 xxxii. 43. 
 
 Elbceuf, disorders at, 184S, VIII. 1. 62. 
 
 Elbruz mountain, the III. xiii. 60 and 
 note. 
 
 Eldon, lord chancellor, opposes the relaxa- 
 tion of the criminal code, I. iv. 47 
 opposed to the resumption of cash 
 payments, II. x. 21 note on the 
 Manchester meeting, 29 note- on the 
 conduct of the magistrates there, 31 
 note bill to prevent postponing trial 
 brought in by, 35 anticipations of, 
 regarding the queen, 81 at the trial 
 of the queen, !S4 on the admission 
 of the Grenvilles into the ministry, 
 113 on the liberal tendencies of the 
 cabinet in 182.''>, ill. xix. 17 opposes 
 the silk bill, 49 opposes the bills for 
 enfranchising the English Catholics, 
 IV. xx. 28 his alleged indecision in 
 Chancery, 32 resignation of, on Can- 
 ning's appointment, xxi. 64 on the 
 bitterness of party spirit, 1827, 6/5 
 note reception of, on his secession 
 from the Canning ministry, 68 his 
 
 The La 
 
 retirement from public life, and cha- 
 racter, 69 his character as a states- 
 man, 70 arguments of, against repeal 
 of the test and corporation acts, 108, 
 109 121 George IV.'s account to, 
 of the discussion with ministers on 
 the Catholic question, 127 note on 
 the bill for suppressing the Catholic 
 Association, 135 interview of, with 
 George IV. regarding the Catholic bill, 
 150 and note his judgments on 
 Scotch cases, xxiii. 12. 
 
 Election, mode of, changed by ordinance 
 in France in 1815, I. iii. 14. 
 
 Elections, temper of France during those 
 of 1815, I. iii. 37 their ultra-royalist 
 character, 38 proposed new law of, 
 110 tt seq. debate on it, 111 change 
 in the law, and defects of it, vi. 1 
 those of 1 8 1 6, 3 their result, 5 new- 
 law proposed, 11 arguments for it, 
 \2 et seq. and against it, 14 it is 
 carried, 17 reflections on it, 18 of 
 1819, preparations for, II. ix. 16 
 their result, 17 of 1820, their results, 
 95 1821, xi. 251827,' III. xvi. 
 71 in Great Britain, command of 
 them the object of the Catholic As- 
 sociation, IV. xx. 27 1826, xxi. 44 
 interference of the priests in those of 
 Ireland, 45 1830, excitement during, 
 and influence of the French revolution 
 on them, xxii. 56 gain to the liberals 
 by them, 57 those of Ireland, 58 
 violence of those of 1831, xxiii. 66 
 results of them, 6S petitions against, 
 for bribery, 1852, 154 the first, under 
 Louis Philippe, unfavourable issue of, 
 IV. xxv. 57 the French, 1834, re- 
 sults of, V. xxx. 58 the first, under 
 the reform act, xxxi. 26 the French, 
 1S34, results of, xxxiii. 2 of 1837 in 
 France, 92 note, VI. xxxiv. 2 the 
 English, 1835, xxxv. 1!) the Scottish, 
 20 the Irish, 21 Great Britain, 
 1841, xxxviii. 57 of 1817, the, in 
 Great Britain, VII. xliii. 98 the last 
 in France under Louis Philippe, xlvi. 
 33 the French, 1848, decree regulat- 
 ing, VIII. 1. 30 postponed, 31 efforts 
 of government to control them, 49 
 their results, 56, 64 June 1S48, 77 
 law of, by Prussian constitution of 
 1848. liii. 29 of 1852. in England, 
 lvi. 69 for the Legislative Assembly 
 in France, 18-49, lvii. 14. 
 
 Elective franchise, the proposed, under 
 the reform bill, IV. xxiii. 43. 
 
 Electoral colleges, new constitution of 
 the, in France, 1815, I. iii. 15 pro- 
 posed new constitution of, 111, 112, 
 113 new constitution of, by ordi- 
 
 rje Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 85 
 
 nance of Sept. 5, 132 project regard- 
 ing, vi. 11. 
 
 Electoral corruption, increase of, under 
 the reform act, V. xxxi. 24. 
 
 Electoral districts, law fixing the boun- 
 daries of, in France, II. ix. 99 equal 
 division of, one of the objects of the 
 Radicals, V. xxxi. 1, VI. xxxvii. 63. 
 
 Electoral law, the, preparations of gov- 
 ernment for a change in, I. iii. 128 
 changes in, by the ordinance of Sept. 
 5, 132 movement in the Peers against, 
 vi. 83 arguments for change in it, 
 84 discussion in the Peers on, 87 
 the motion for change in it carried, 
 95 new, proposed in France, II. ix. 
 28 and decided on, ib. the proposed 
 new, for France, 63 discussion on it 
 in the Deputies, 64 et seq. amend- 
 ment on it moved and carried, 73 
 further one carried by ministers, 74 
 effects of the change in, 109 
 ordonuance changing the, III. xvii. 58 
 various changes in, by ordonnance, 
 135 discussion on, after accession 
 of Louis Philippe, IV. xxiv. 62 
 change in, xxv. 49 new, in Belgium, 
 VIII. liii. 17 new, Prussia, 87. 
 
 Electoral reform in France, see Reform. 
 
 Electoral right, extension of, in Hun- 
 gary, VIII. liv. 16. 
 
 Electoral rights, new law of, in France, 
 VIII. lvii. 26.- 
 
 Electoral suffrage, exclusion of govern- 
 ment enrployes from, III. xvi. 78. 
 
 Electors, number of, in France, I. vi. 1, 
 II. ix. 5 royal circular to, 1820, 94 
 the constitution of 1C30 in France re- 
 garding age of, IV. xxiv. 43 number 
 of, under Louis Philippe, V. xxx. 60 
 system of registering, under the re- 
 form bill, xxxi. 24 proposed qualifica- 
 tion of, under municipal reform act, 
 VI. xxxvi. 9, 10 Ledru Rollin's 
 circular to, 1848, VIII. 1. 31 and 
 Carnot's, 34 new circular from Ledru 
 Rollin to, 47 et seq. 
 
 Electric telegraph, the, advantages and 
 dangers of, I. i. 53 in India, VIII. 
 xlix. 1 13 and note influence of, lvii. 65. 
 
 Electricity, connection of potato disease 
 with, VII. xlii. 38. 
 
 Eleusis, priests of, in the Hetairia, III. 
 xiv. 5. 
 
 Elgin, lord, on Canada, VI. xxxvii. 113. 
 
 Elgin marbles, the purchase of the, 1. ii. 
 62. 
 
 El Guennaoni, a Moorish chief, VII. xlv. 
 35 conference with the French, 36. 
 
 Elijah, Mendelssohn's, V. xxviii. 85. 
 
 Elio, general, suppression of the insurrec- 
 tion in Valencia by, II. vii. 45 fresh 
 
 revolt in Valencia suppressed by, 54 
 severities of, at Valencia, 60 called to 
 defend Madrid, 70 overthrow and 
 imprisonment of, 73 condemnation 
 of, xi. 44 attack on, at Valencia, and 
 his danger, 58 second trial, and exe- 
 cution of, 72. 
 
 Elipoo, Chinese commissioner, negotia- 
 tions with, VIII. xlviii. 42. 
 
 Elizabeth, reformation of the coin under, 
 I. iv. 70 Ireland during the reign of, 
 V. xxxi. 117. 
 
 Elizabeth, empress of Russia, parentage, 
 character, &c. of, II. viii. 98 aliena- 
 tion of Alexander from her, 99 re- 
 conciliation between them, 101 her 
 arrival at Taganrog, 104 during the 
 emperor's last illness, 105 her death 
 and funeral, 1 08. 
 
 Elizabethpol, battle of, III. xiii. 72 
 defeat of the Persians near, xv. 4. 
 
 Ellenborough, lord chief-justice, trial of 
 Hone before, I. iv. 21 death and cha- 
 racter of, 50. 
 
 Ellenborough, lord, lord privy, seal, IV. 
 xxi. 97 note on the East India bill, 
 V. xxxi. 73 president of board of 
 control, 1835, VI. xxxv. 16 note on 
 the want of public works in India, 
 xxxix. 13 president of board of 
 control under Peel, VII. xli. 14 ap- 
 pointed governor-general of India, VI. 
 xl. 136 proclamation of, to garrison 
 of Jellalabad, VIII. xlviii. 66 his 
 character, 67 causes of his early re- 
 call, 68 his preference of the military 
 authorities, 69 his views regarding 
 Affghanistan, 70 measures to rein- 
 force Nott, 77 abandons the idea of 
 advance to Cabul, 81 agrees to it, S3 
 orders the removal of the gates of 
 Somnauth, 96 proclamation on re- 
 tirement from Affghanistan, 106, 108 
 note object in re.>toring the gates of 
 Somnauth, 109 his conduct in it, 110 
 views of, as to Scinde, xlix. 7 his 
 instructions to Napier, ib. and note 
 new treaty proposed to the Ameers, 8 
 and forced on them, 9 reinforce- 
 ments sent Napier by, 20 annexation 
 of Scinde, 21 proclamation of, on an- 
 nexing Scinde, 29 first proceedings in 
 Scinde, 30 the war with Gwalior, 34 
 et seq. brilliant results of his adminis- 
 tration, 43 personal credit due to 
 him, 44 causes of his recall, 45 
 preparations of, for the Sikh war, 53 
 reflections on policy of, 121. 
 
 Ellice, Mr, made pr'soner by the Cana- 
 dian insurgents, VI. xxxvii. 103. 
 
 Elliot, lord. Irish secretary, 1841, VII. 
 xli. 14 note. 
 
 the Small to the ChiqAcr, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 86 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Elliot, captain, assistant commissioner at 
 Canton, VIII. xlviii. 21 representa- 
 tions of, on the opium smuggling, 22 
 surrender of the opium by, 23 
 further proceedings of, at Canton, 
 24 commences hostilities, 25 treaty 
 concluded, 27 and disavowed, 28 
 recalled, ib. 34 again negotiates, 29 
 terms agreed to, 33. 
 
 Ellis, Mr Agar, commissioner of land 
 revenue, IV. xxiii. 6 note. 
 
 El (Juffia, tribe of, destroyed by the 
 French, V. xxxiii. 98. 
 
 Elphin, bill abolishing bishopric of, V. 
 xxxi. 45 note. 
 
 Elphinstone, general, succeeds to com- 
 mand at Cabul, and his character, VI. 
 xl. 99 his defective defensive arrange- 
 ments, 102 inactivity of, on the out- 
 break of the insurrection, 104 and 
 during the murder of Burnes, &c, ib. 
 indecision of, during siege of com- 
 missariat fort, 105 recommends capi- 
 tulation, 108 jealousy between him 
 and Shelton, 109 storming of the 
 Rickabashee fort, 110 his continued 
 indecision, 112 indecision of, as to re- 
 moval into the Bala-Hissar, 115 at- 
 tempts to negotiate, 116 refuses to 
 support Shelton at Beh-Meru, 118 
 capitulation, 120, 121 faithlessness of 
 the Aft'ghans, 122 last instructions 
 of Macnaghten to, 124 fresh treaty 
 entered into, 126, 127 the retreat, 
 128 et seq. surrender of, 134 effect 
 of his indecision, &c, 141 causes of 
 his appointment, 143. 
 
 Elphinstone, lord, governor of Bombay, 
 
 VI. xl. 99 note. 
 
 Elphinstone, Hon. Mountstuart, treaty 
 concluded with Aft'ghanistan by, VI. 
 xl. 26 opposes the Affghanistan ex- 
 pedition, 54. 
 
 Elschmiadzine, fortress of, captured by 
 the Russians, III. xv. 21 attacked by 
 the Persians, 23. 
 
 Ely, riots in, 1819, II. x. 33. 
 
 Emancipation, difficulties in the way of, 
 in Russia, II. viii. 32, 33. 
 
 Emauu Ghur, expedition of Napier 
 against, VIII. xlix. 10 its capture 
 and destruction, 1 1. 
 
 Emigrants, proposed indemnity to tho 
 French, 111 xvi. 17. 
 
 Emigrants, numbers of, lS20to 1833, IV. 
 xxi. 26 and note present number of, 
 28 influx of, 1837, into the United 
 States, VI. xxxvii. 4 number of, to 
 Canada, 1847-54, M3 and note 
 Irish, remittances from, 1848-54, 
 
 VII. xliii. 49 and note. 
 Emigration, increased, from Great Britain 
 
 The La 
 
 caused by free trade, I. i. 10 from 
 Ireland, 1843 to 1852, ib. note from 
 Great Britain, 1850 to 1852, ib. in- 
 crease of, to America, 65 exclusively 
 internal in Russia, II. viii. 52 as a 
 means of relieving the distresses of 
 Ireland, x. 117 influence of the 
 passion for freedom in promoting, III. 
 xiii. 2 from Great Britain, 1838-52, 
 xix. 47 note of artisans, repeal of laws 
 against, 52 public, advantage which 
 would have accrued to Ireland from, 
 IV. xx. 17 increase of, in Ireland 
 from free trade, xxi. 170 vast increase 
 of, from England, xxiii. 121 due to 
 changes produced by the reform bill, 
 122 its amount, 1825-32 and 1846-53, 
 121 note amount from Ireland as 
 compared with price of wheat, 122 
 note great increase of, since the 
 reform bill, 150 characteristics of the 
 passion for, among the English and 
 Germans, V. xxvii. 1 its amount, ib. 
 note amount of , from Ireland, 1851-4, 
 xxxi. 53 note discussion in parlia- 
 ment on, 1839, VI. xxxviii. 10 neces- 
 sity of, in Ireland, 29 amount of, 
 from Ireland during the famine, VII. 
 xliii. 45, 46 table of, 1841 to 1855, 
 46 note its effect on the population, 
 47 extensive, from Scotland, after 
 the famine, 52 increase of, from 
 Great Britain, 125 table of, 1841 to 
 1852, ib. note Irish, statistics of, 159 
 note tables of, 1 62 notes small 
 amount of, to Algeria, xlv. 7 statis- 
 tics of, 1846 to 1852, VIII. lvi. 4 note 
 influence of, 1849, &c.,19 effects of, 
 on census of 1851,34 effects of the 
 gold discoveries on, 74 and note what 
 drives an established nation to, lvii. 
 57 et seq. from Germany and Eng- 
 land, 59 influence of steam naviga- 
 tion, &c. on, 65. 
 
 Emigration fund, formation of, by 
 sale of crown lands, VI. xxxviii. 
 12. 
 
 Emigration question, commencement 
 of the discussion of the, IV. xxi. 
 26 appointment of a committee on 
 it, 27 debates on it, 28 reflections 
 on the subject, and its importance, 
 29. 
 
 Emine, wife of Ali Pacha, III. xiii. 7S 
 note. 
 
 Emperor, provisions of Austrian consti- 
 tution regarding the, VIII. lv. 2. 
 
 Emperor's Fort, capture of the, at Algiers, 
 III. xvii. 46. 
 
 Empire, danger to the independence of 
 Germany on the dissolution of the, V. 
 xxvii. 3. 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 87 
 
 Empire and Restoration, Capefigue's 
 History of the, III. xviii. 39. 
 
 Employers, combination of workmen 
 against, III. xix. 54 and employed, 
 growing irritation between, IV. xxiii. 
 130 competition between, and war 
 with employed in France, V. xxix. 3, 
 xxx. 63. 
 
 Employment, want of, the great cause of 
 Irish distress, IV. xx. 24 want of, 
 for the educated classes in Germany, 
 V. xxvii. 88 government, general 
 passion for, in France, VII. xliv. 
 104. 
 
 Enars, the duke d', made member of 
 Chamber of Peers, I. iii. 20. 
 
 Encumbered Estates Commission, the, 
 in Ireland, IV. xxi. 170. 
 
 Encumbered estates bill 'for Ireland, 
 passing of the, VII. lvi. 53 working 
 of it, and its effects, 54, 55. 
 
 Endowments, necessity of, to national 
 education, II. x. 58. 
 
 Enfantin, M., leader of the St Simonians, 
 V. xxix. 7 trial of, xxx. 8. 
 
 Enfranchisement, ministerial plan of, by 
 the reform bill, IV. xxiii. 42. 
 
 Engelhardt, general, defeat of the Hun- 
 garians by, VIII. lv. 21. 
 
 Enghien, the Duke d', Chateaubriand's 
 conduct on the murder of, III. xviii. 
 8. 
 
 England, general, force organised under, 
 VIII. xlviii. 77 his advance to the 
 Kojuck, and defeat, 78 -passes the Ko- 
 juck Pass, and joins Nott, 84 retires 
 through the Kojuck, 93. 
 
 England, reduced produce of wheat in, 
 from free trade, I. i. 10 proportions 
 of educated and uneducated criminals 
 in, 48 iniquities perpetrated by juries 
 in, iii. 138 the trials for treason in 
 1817 in, iv. 22 want of the parochial 
 school system in, 46 statistics of crime 
 in, 92 note and of criminals, 93 note 
 Lingard's History of, v. 53, 54 
 Lord Mahon's, 58 Macaulay's, 59 
 Martineau's, 61 proposed introduc- 
 tion of the school system of Scotland 
 into, II. x. 56 statistics of education 
 in, 57 newspapers published in, 1782, 
 1790, and 1821, 126 note residence 
 of Chateaubriand in, xi. 6 note con- 
 sumption of animal food and wheaten 
 bread in, compared with France, III. 
 xvii. 126 average produce per acre 
 in, 128 crime in, 1822, 1830, xix. 72 
 note expense of the poor in, com- 
 pared with Ireland, IV. xx. 2 grants 
 from, at various times to Ireland, 5 
 effects of the conquest of Ireland by, 
 7 criminal committals in, 1822-34, 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 16 note the collection, &c. of tithe3 
 in, 21 bill for enfranchising the Ca- 
 tholics in, tin-own out, 22, 28 bills 
 regarding the Catholics in, 1824, 28 
 bill prohibiting circulation of Scotch 
 notes in, xxi. 102 great Protestant 
 meetings in, 1828, 120 retribution on, 
 for Catholic emancipation, 167 in- 
 crease of poor-rates in, 1823-30, xxii. 
 16 and note majority of members for, 
 against the reform bill, xxiii. 57 note 
 change in representation of, by the 
 reform bill, 119 education in, V. 
 xxvii. 9 the early prose writers of, 
 x xviii. 41 result of the elections of 
 1835 in, VI. xxxv. 19 diminished 
 consumption of beer in, 27 govern- 
 ment report on corporations of, xxxvi. 
 6 bill for their reform, 7 immigra- 
 tion of Irish labourers into, 45 tithe 
 bill for, and bill for registration of 
 births, &c, 48 ratio of increase of 
 population in, 63 pauperism and 
 crime in, 1842, xxxvii. 45 the early 
 struggles of Scotland with, 73 the 
 elections of 1841 for, xxxviii. 57 note 
 the supremacy of, destroyed by the 
 reform bill, 61 riots in, 1842, VII. 
 xli. 20 bank act of 1844 for, 107 et 
 seq. number of miles of railway com- 
 pleted in, to 1850, xlii. 5 note dimi- 
 nution of crime in, during railway 
 mania, 8 note poor-rates and paupers, 
 1842-7, 13 note proposed new turn- 
 pike regulations for, 50 employment 
 and relief afforded by railways in, xliii. 
 53, 55 relative amount of poor-rate 
 in, 70 ratio of mortality in, 93 note 
 miles of railway in, 122 note pauper- 
 ism and expenditure for it, 1847-8, 
 124 and note committals for crime 
 in, 1844-9, 125 note town and 
 country rates of mortality in, 157 
 average prices of wheat in, 1845-54, 
 160 note paupers relieved in, 1848- 
 56, 162 note. See for the empire 
 Great Britain. 
 English, numbers of, in Paris, 1819,11. 
 ix. 3 tendency of, to concentrate 
 their interest on one subject, IV. xxii. 
 41 war not natural to the, V. xxvii. 
 1. 
 English bankers, the, oppose the circula- 
 tion of Scotch notes in England, IV. 
 xxi. 103. 
 English and Irish Exchequers, consolida- 
 tion of the, I. ii. 56. 
 English farmers, jealousy of, in Ireland, 
 
 IV. xx. 12. 
 English forces, position of the, in France, 
 
 I. iii. 29. 
 English institutions, unfitness of, for the 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 88 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 English institutions, continued. 
 
 Irish, IV. xx. 15 effects of the ex- 
 tension of, to Ireland, xxi. 112. 
 
 English government, effects of Catholic 
 emancipation on, IV. xxi. 165. 
 
 English law, defect in, as regards trea- 
 son, I. iv. 22. 
 
 English mind, influence of the practical 
 character of the, V. xxxi. 4. 
 
 English Revolution, contrast between, 
 and the French, III. xvii. 136 Guizot's 
 History of the, xviii. 20, 22. 
 
 English and French silks, comparison 
 between, III. xix. 48. 
 
 English spirits, increase of duties on, IV. 
 xxii. 34. 
 
 English workmen, the expulsion of, from 
 France, VIII. 1. 21 expulsion of, 
 from Rouen, 1848, 62. 
 
 Ennis, violent speech of O'Connell at, 
 IV. xxi. 154. 
 
 Enos, advance of the Russians to, III. 
 xv. 135. 
 
 Enrique, don, one of the candidates for 
 the hand of the Queen of Spain, VII. 
 xlvi. 44, 45. 
 
 Entail, law of, its necessity, III. xvi. 43. 
 
 Entails, measures of the Cortes of 1820 
 regarding, II. vii. 85. 
 
 Eothen, remarks on, I. v. 86. 
 
 Epernay, prosperity of wine-merchants 
 of, IV. xxiv. 3. 
 
 Epirus, intrigues of the Empress Cathe- 
 rine in. III. xiii. 76 general insurrec- 
 tion in, xiv. 28 Greek expedition 
 into, 68 successes of Bozzaris in, 91 
 operations of Bozzaris in, 94 opera- 
 tions in, 1824, 113 ravages of bri- 
 gands in, V. xxxii. 38. 
 
 Episcopalians, numbers of, in Ireland, V. 
 xxxi. 45. 
 
 Equality, passion for, in France, III. 
 xvii. 117 practical establishment of, 
 in Poland, IV. xxvi. 8. 
 
 Equestrian order, the, in the States- 
 general of Prussia, V. xxvii. 77 note. 
 
 Erche, M., minister of commerce, VIII. 
 liii. 55. 
 
 Erekli, capture of, by the Egyptians, V. 
 xxxii. 14. 
 
 Erfurth, congress of princes summoned 
 at, YIIT. liii. 90. 
 
 Eristoff, prince, operations of, against 
 the Persians, IT I. xv. 25. 
 
 Erivan, capture of, by the Russians, III. 
 xiii. 73 ceded to them, ib. again 
 taken by them, xv. 24 permanently 
 surrendered to Russia, 26 province 
 of, ceded to Russia, III. xv. 28, VI. xl. 
 28. 
 
 Erlon, the count d', his arrest, &c. or- 
 dered, I. iii. 19. 
 
 The La 
 
 Ernest, prince, at the Somma Campagna, 
 VIII. Iii. 69. 
 
 Ernest, the archduke, at Custoza, VIII. 
 Hi. 67 defeat of Garibaldi by, 117. 
 
 Erolles, the baron d', heads the royalist 
 insurrection, II. xi. 55 a member of 
 the regency at Urgel, 73 proclama- 
 tion by, ib. note victory of, at Urgel, 
 74 defeated, 76 retires to France, 
 ib. 
 
 Erzeroum, population of, III. xiii. 32 
 note, 62 forces under pacha of, 63 
 forces under him, 1822, xiv. 58 and 
 182S, xv. 33, 68 preparations for de- 
 fence of, 84 capture of, by the Rus- 
 sians, 102 retreat of Paskewitch to, 
 106. 
 
 Escovedo, political chief at Seville, II. 
 xi. 44 elected to the Cortes of 1822, 
 51. 
 
 Eski-Arnautlar, combats at, III. xv. 117, 
 118. 
 
 Eski-Stamboul, attack by the Turks on, 
 III. xv. 52, 53. 
 
 Espelata, governor of Pampeluna, &c, II. 
 vii. 73. 
 
 Espinosa, Don Carlos, appointed captain- 
 general of Old Castile, II. vii. 92 
 defeat of Quesada by, xi. 76. 
 
 Espionage, attempt to introduce system 
 of, in India, VI. xl. 6. 
 
 Essai Historique, Chateaubriand'?, II. 
 xi. 6 note, III. xviii. 7, 11. 
 
 Essais sur l'Histoire de France, Guizot's, 
 III. xviii. 22. 
 
 Essays on the History of France, Thier- 
 ry's, III., xviii. 31. 
 
 Esseck, capture of, by the Austrians, 
 VIII. Iv. 8. 
 
 Essex, additional members for, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Essione, fort of, stormed by the Sar- 
 dinians, VIII. Iii. 102. 
 
 Established Church, Lord John Russell, 
 &c. on an, VI. xxxv. 33 numbers be- 
 longing to the, in Ireland, xxxvi. 19 
 note. 
 
 Estar, count d', indemnity to, II. ix. 
 102 note. 
 
 " Estates," establishment of, in Hanover, 
 Baden, &c, V. xxvii. 17. 
 
 Estates, meeting of the general, in Prus- 
 sia, in 1842, V. xxvii. 69 the Hun- 
 garian, VIII. liii. 10- the Prussian, 
 meeting of, 1848, 28 decree convok- 
 ing the, in Austria, liv. 6, 7. 
 
 Estates, hereditary, in Russia, II. viii. 
 23 sales of, in Ireland, under en- 
 cumbered estates act, VIII. lvi. 54, 55. 
 
 Esterhazy, prince, VIII. liv. 33. 
 
 Esthonia, enfranchisement of the serfs 
 of, 1 1, viii. 65. 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 89 
 
 Estrernadura, guerilla and robber bands 
 in, II. vii. 35 disturbances in, 1819, 
 54, xi. 45. 
 
 Ettlingen, defeat of the Baden insur- 
 gents at, VIII. liii. 83. 
 
 Etriffa, defeat of the Arabs on the, VII. 
 xiv. 23. 
 
 Etruria, the queen of, treaty with Spain 
 regarding, II. vii. 48. 
 
 Eu, Chateau d', visit of Queen Victoria 
 to Louis Philippe at, and conferences 
 on the Spanish marriages, VII. xlvi. 
 41. 
 
 Eubcea, insurrection in, III. xiv. 70 
 pacha of, 89 successes of the Greeks 
 in, 91 the Turkish garrison in, re- 
 lieved, 104^defeats, &c. of the Greeks 
 in, 1825, 146. 
 
 Eugene, prince, victories of, over the 
 Turks, III. xiii. 35. 
 
 Eugene, prince, attack on, before Sebum- 
 la, III. xv. 52, 53, 56 defeat of, be- 
 fore Varna, 58, 59. 
 
 Eugene, prince, of Savoy, VIII. lii. 88. 
 
 EuropUische Sclavenleben, Haklander's, 
 V. xxviii. 59. 
 
 Europe, exhaustion of the governments 
 of, by the war, I. i. 3 effects of the 
 alliance of France and England on, 8 
 calamitous effects of the revolution 
 of 1848 on, 18 injury done to the 
 cause of freedom by it, 24 influence 
 of increased supplies of gold on, 33 
 ratio of increase of population in, 39 
 rapidity of reaction in, after the re- 
 volution of 184S, 54 general failure 
 of representative institutions in, 56 
 commencement of the wars of races 
 in, 62 increased emigration from, 65 
 increasing influence of religion in, 74 
 increased influence of Russia in, II. 
 viii. 12 sensation in, on the deatb of 
 Napoleon, ix. 122 simultaneous out- 
 break of the revolutionary spirit over, 
 1S19 and 1820, x. 1C2 effects of the 
 Spanish revolution in, xii. 1 character 
 of the wars of, III. xiii. 1 influence 
 of the passion for freedom in, 2 wars 
 of races in east of, 5 interest created 
 in, by the defence of Missolonghi, xiv. 
 141 sensation caused by Navarino 
 throughout, 167 character of the wars 
 of, from 1815 to 1830, xv. 1 excite- 
 ment in, on the passage of the Balkan, 
 &c, 136 annual number of emigrants 
 from, IV. xxi. 29 interest excited by 
 the debate on Navarino in, 98 new 
 policy of England in, since the reform 
 bill, xxiii. 120 influence of the 
 French revolution of 1830 in, xxiv. 
 91 change in attitude of France to- 
 ward, 1830, xxv. 1 terrible wars be- 
 
 tween, and Asia, xxvi. 1 causes of this 
 perpetual strife, 2 opposite sources 
 of their strength and weakness, 3 
 disastrous effects of the conquest of 
 the Byzantine empire, and the parti- 
 tion of Poland on, 4, 5 importance of 
 the restoration of Poland to, 99 sen- 
 sation caused by the arbitrary decrees 
 of the Germanic Diet in, V. xxvii. 50 
 effect of the triumph of the Con- 
 servatives in 1815 on states of, 91 
 advantages of the German confederacy 
 to the peace of, 93 Schlosser's History 
 of, xxviii. 48 hostility in, towards 
 Louis Philippe, xxix. 22 inci-eased 
 consideration of France after the sup- 
 pression of the revolt of the cloister 
 St Meri, 80 powers of, how con- 
 ciliated on behalf of government of 
 Louis Philippe, xxx. 3 excitement in, 
 on the successes of Ibrahim Pacha, 
 xxxii. 20 views of the powers regard- 
 ing Russia and Turkey in 1839, 55 
 excitement in, on the bombardment of 
 Beyrout, 66 escape of, from war on 
 the Eastern question, 1840, VI. xxxiv. 
 115 political feeling of landholders 
 in, contrasted with the United States, 
 xxxvii. 9 effect of recent changes in, 
 on power of Russia, xl. 31 threaten- 
 ing aspect of, 1841, VII. xli. 15 Peel 
 on increase of exports to, 29 con- 
 sumption of sugar per head in, 31 
 sensation in, on the Afghanistan dis- 
 aster, 61 effect of the Spanish mar- 
 riages in, xlvi. 49 alarm excited by 
 the revolutionary policy of England, 
 105 formation of league against her, 
 106 excitement caused by annexation 
 of Cracow, xlvii. 26 effects on civilisa- 
 tion of the revolutions in, VIII. lvii. 56 
 operation of causes to arrest popula- 
 tion, 64. 
 
 European discipline, &c, introduction of, 
 by Mehemet AH, V. xxxii. 3 effects 
 of Mahmoud's introduction of, 51. 
 
 European powers, treaty agreed to by 
 the, regarding the Dardanelles and 
 Bosphorus, V. xxxii. 76. 
 
 European and Asiatic troops, right pro- 
 portion of, in India, VI. xxxix. 27. 
 
 European Turkey, preparations for cam- 
 paign of 1829 in, III. xv. 111. 
 
 Europeans, characteristics of, IV. xxvi. 2 
 sources of their strength and weak- 
 ness, 3. 
 
 Euxine, the, closing of, to all war-ships 
 but Russian, V. xxxii. 31. See Black 
 Sea. 
 
 Evans, colonel, returned for "West- 
 minster, V. xxxi. 62. 
 
 Evans, sheriff, and the privilege of par- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arahic to the Paragraph.
 
 90 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Evans, sheriff, continued. 
 
 liament, VI. xxxviii. 21 committal 
 of, 22. 
 
 Evans, Sir de Lacy, defeated in West- 
 minster, 1841, VI. xxxviii. 57 argu- 
 ments of, for the limited service sys- 
 tem, VII. xliii. 95 opposes the em- 
 bodying of the militia, VIII. lvi. 
 67. 
 
 Everett, Mr, on the emigration into the 
 United States, I. i. 65 note. 
 
 Evesham, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Ewart, Mr, bill introduced by, for giving 
 counsel to prisoners, VI. xxxvi. 48 
 motion by, for abolition of punish- 
 ment of death, xxxviii. 6. 
 
 Exaltados, the, in Spain, II. xi. 54 
 views of, in Cadiz, xii. 80. 
 
 Examiner, the, on the ten pound fran- 
 chise, IV. xxiii. 54 on the ministerial 
 plan of reform, ib. note supports the 
 reform bill, 71. 
 
 Excelmans, general, efforts of, to save 
 Labedoyere, I. iii. 79 indemnity to, 
 
 II. ix. 102 note reception of, by 
 Charles X., III. xvi. 6 dismissed from 
 service, 13 revolutionary force under, 
 xvii. 92. 
 
 Exchequer bills, refusal of government 
 to issue, 1825, IV. xxi. 1, 23 fall in 
 value of, 1847, VII. xliii. 73, 101. 
 
 Exchequers, the English and Irish, con- 
 solidation of, I. ii. 56. 
 
 Excise, additions to the, 1839, VI. 
 xxxviii. 31 comparative contributions 
 per head to, in Scotland and Ireland, 
 VII. xliii. 58. 
 
 Exclusive system, spread of the, in Eng- 
 land, I. v. 108 its effect on society, 
 109. 
 
 Excursion trains, first starting of, and 
 benefits from them, VII. xlii. 10. 
 
 Executions, diminution in number of, I. 
 iv. 91 conduct of the Irish peasantry 
 at, IV. xx. 16. 
 
 Executive, weakness of the, in Turkey, 
 
 III. xiii. 23 increased power of the, 
 in Fiance, IV. xxv. 104 views of the 
 French liberals as to the government 
 of the, VI. xxxiv. 64. 
 
 Executive commission, weakness of the, 
 in France, VIII. 1. 77. 
 
 Exeter, election of 1S3.5 in, VI. xxxv. 19. 
 
 Exinouth, lord, sketch of the career of, 
 I. ii. G9 note his first proceedings 
 and demands at Algiers, 69 his pre- 
 parations forthe attack'on Algiers, 71 
 the force under him, &c, 72 his last 
 demands, 75 the battle, &c, 76 
 honours conferred on him, 82 his 
 attack on Algiers as an instance of 
 
 naval attack on land defences, VI. 
 xxxiv. 29 offer of, to Murat, iii. 
 98. 
 
 Expenditure, reduction of, on the peace, 
 I. ii. 9 increase of, under Louis Phil- 
 ippe, IV. xxiv. 7. See Finances. 
 
 Export, manufactures for, how they 
 arrest population, VIII. lvii. 62. 
 
 Export merchants, distress among the, 
 on the peace, I. ii. 5. 
 
 Exports, ratio of, to shipping, 1820-1851 
 I. i. 28 note British, 1792 and 1815, 
 ii. 2 large increase of, on the peace, 
 5 increase of, 1817, iv. 16 and 
 1818, 32 amount of, 1818, 43 fall- 
 ing off in, 1819, 56 diminished, to 
 South America, 107 increase of, for 
 France, 1816 to 1821, II. i*. 4 fall in 
 British, 1818 to 1821, x. 23 French, 
 1825-6, III. xvi. 52 and 1822-30, xvii. 
 38 note British, to South America, 
 1817-25, xix. 3 British, 1820-5, 8 
 note 1815-23, 9 failure of the reci- 
 procity system to increase, 33 1838- 
 53, 47 note excess of imports over, 
 1825, 65, 67 falling off in, 1825, 79 
 Irish, 1793-1823, IV. xx. 6 British, 
 1818-32, as compared with currency, 
 &c, xxi. 19 note Irish, diminution of, 
 xxii. 11 British, real and official 
 values of, 12 and note increase in, 
 1814 to 1825, 27 note comparative, 
 to France, Russia, and Australia, xxiii. 
 121 note French, fall in, after the Re- 
 volution, xxv. 38 British, 1830 to 
 1833, V. xxxi. 55 note increase of, to 
 India and China, 1827-49, 73 note 
 Irish, before and since the Union, 124 
 note French, 1834-6, xxxiii. 46 
 1837-41, VI. xxxiv. 9 note British, 
 1S45-9, xxxv. 6 note 1834-6, 13 note 
 United States, 1824-36, xxxvii. 6 
 note Great Britain to United States, 
 1835-42, 32 note British, excess of 
 imports over, 1837-42, and its effects, 
 34 Canada, increase of, since 1841, 
 112 West Indies, before and after 
 emancipation, 125 note comparison 
 of navy with, 1792 and 1838, xxxviii. 
 35 note India, xxxix. 9 and note 
 decline of, from India under British 
 rule, 22 India, 1849-54, 32 note- 
 Great Britain, effects of distress in 1841, 
 &c. on them, VII. xli. 17 1839-43, f/j. 
 note decrease of, to United States, 
 1835 to 1843, 25 Peel on the state of, 
 as affected by the coin laws, 29 1839- 
 44, 77 note 1815 and 1845, 117 note 
 increase in, 1S42 to 1847, xlii. 13 and 
 note great increase of imports over, to 
 1S47, xliii. 71 table of, 1841-9 ib. note 
 1846-9, 118 note falling off in, 1S47, 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 91 
 
 123 1845-50, ib. note greatexcess of 
 imports over, its causes and conse- 
 quences, 144, 145 increase of, by the 
 gold discoveries, 165 1853-6, ib. note 
 France, increase of, 1841 to 1847, 
 xliv. 2 and note Algeria,xlv. 8 1850- 
 5, 48 and note France, 1845-50, 
 VIII. 1. 27 note Germany, liii. 5 
 note England, 1846 to 1852, lvi. 4 
 
 and note effect of the gold discoveries 
 
 on, 74 and note. 
 Exportation, duties on, in Turkey, III. 
 
 xiii. 21 regulations regarding, in 
 
 Germany, V. xxvii. 41. 
 Eye, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 Eyre, lieutenant, operations of, at Cabul, 
 
 V I . xl. 1 1 2 account of the retreat from 
 
 Cabul by, 128,129,132. 
 
 r 
 
 Fabvier, general, I. iii. 127 at the funeral 
 of Lafayette, V. xxx. 52. 
 
 Fabvier, colonel, efforts of, to sow dis- 
 affection in the French army, II. xii. 
 62 at the passage of the Bidassoa, 72 
 defeated near Missolonghi, III. xiv. 
 137 force raised and operations 
 under, 1825, 146 successes of, near 
 Athens, 149 defeat of, in attempt on 
 Chios, xv. 141. 
 
 Faction, strength and efforts of, in Great 
 Britain in 1816, I. ii. 66. 
 
 Factory bill, the, 1833, its provisions, 
 &c, V. xxxi. 109. 
 
 Factory and education bill, Sir Jame3 
 Graham's, VII. xli. 79. 
 
 Factory bill, new, introduced by Sir 
 James Graham, and Lord Ashley's ten 
 hours' amendment, VII. xli. 80. 
 
 Factory children, state, &c. of, in France, 
 V. xxix. 5. 
 
 Factory districts, large mortality in, VII. 
 xliii. 87. 
 
 Factory labour, Mr Fielden's bill for 
 limiting, VII. xliii. 86 arguments for 
 it, ib. et seq. and agaiust it, 89 it 
 is passed, 91 reflections on it, 92. 
 
 Fain, baron, the work of, III. xviii. 49. 
 
 Falloux, M., VIII. lvii. 3. 
 
 Faltchy, crossing of th . Prutb by the 
 Russians at, III. xv. 31. 
 
 Famagusta, massacre of the Greeks in, 
 III. xiv. 27. 
 
 Families, la Societe des, organisation, &c. 
 of, VI. xxxiv. 35 it is changed into 
 that des Saisons, 36. 
 
 Family compact, danger of a renewal of 
 the, to England, II. xi. 5. 
 
 Famine, outbreak of, in Ireland, 1823, 
 II. x. 122 partial, in Ireland, 1830, IV. 
 xxiii. 26 the protectionists on the 
 dangers of, in Ireland, VII. xlii. 60, 64 
 difficulty of return to the corn laws 
 after the, 87 the danger of it had 
 passed, 8S commencement of the, in 
 Ireland, xliii. 31 inefficiency of the 
 poor-laws to meet it, 32 government 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 plans of relief, 33 extent of the dis- 
 tress, 34, 35 mortality in Ireland 
 from the, 43 reflections on it, 50 
 government provision against, in China, 
 VIII. xlviii. 4. 
 
 Famines, Irish, 1823, &c. caused by po- 
 tato disease, VII. xlii. 38 cessation 
 of, in India under the Zemindar system, 
 VI. xxxix. 15. 
 
 Fanariot Greeks, the, III. xiii. 41 
 murders of, xiv. 24. 
 
 Fancourt, colonel, death cf, during the 
 mutiny at Vellore, VI. xxxix. 37. 
 
 Fane, Sir Henry, at first commands the 
 Affghanistan expedition, VI. xl. 57, 58. 
 
 Farms, splitting of, in Ireland for po- 
 litical purposes, IV. xx. 9 small, 
 multiplication of, in Ireland, xxi. 
 112. 
 
 Farmers, the Irish, the agrarian outrages 
 headed by, II. x. 121 and note iden- 
 tity of interest between, and the manu- 
 facturer, IV. xxi. 38 desire for reform 
 among the, xxii. 6 opposition to the 
 sliding scale among them, VII. xli. 41 
 their state, 1845, xlii. 34. 
 
 Farming, system of, in China, VIII. 
 xlviii. 12. 
 
 Farrington, captain, defeat of the Aff- 
 ghan insurgents by, VI. xl. 95. 
 
 Fashion, the aristocracy of, and its in- 
 fluence, I. v. 108, 109. 
 
 Fathers of the Faith, title of, assumed by 
 the Jesuits, VII. xlvi. 10. 
 
 Faubourgs, insurrection of the, 1830, 
 III. xvii. 69. 
 
 Faucher, Leon, proposal of, regarding 
 unemployed workmen, VIII., 1. 79 
 new loan proposed by, 80 one of 
 the committee on electoral rights, lvii. 
 26. 
 
 Faucit, Miss Helen, the acting of, I. v. 
 106. 
 
 Faust, Goethe's, V. xxviii. 11 Spohr's 
 opera of, V. xxviii. 86. 
 
 Fear, universal prevalence of, in Russian 
 government, II. viii. 35. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 92 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Federal union, influence of the revolu- 
 tionary war in inducing the, in Ger- 
 many, V. xxvii. 80 influence of, in 
 Germany, 84 influence of, on the 
 interests of mankind, 95 future pos- 
 sibilities of it, 96. 
 
 Federici, general, at Tastrengo, VIII. 
 Hi. 38. 
 
 Felangiers, general, appointed governor 
 of Naples, II. vii. 108. 
 
 Felix, Don Ramon, becomes minister of 
 the Transmarine provinces, II. xi. 29. 
 
 Fellows, captain, at Navariiio, III. xiv. 
 162. 
 
 Felony, bill for allowing 'counsel to 
 persons accused of, rejected, IV. xx. 29. 
 
 Feltre, the duke de, minister-at-war 
 under Richelieu, I. iii. 42 intro- 
 duces law establishing courts-martial, 
 68 as minister-at-war, I. vi. 6 
 changes introduced into the army by, 
 1817, 26 dismissed from the minis- 
 try, 39. 
 
 Females, exclusion of, from the Spanish 
 throne, IV. xxiv. 88 decree abolish- 
 ing this, 90 act regarding the em- 
 ployment of, in mines, VII. xli. 78 
 bill for limiting the factory labour of, 
 xliii. 86. 
 
 Ferdinand, the emperor, accession of, 
 and his communication to the Diet, V. 
 xxvii. 55 VIII. liv. 4 resignation of 
 Metternich, 5 his indecision, 6- 
 concessions made, ib. further con- 
 cessions, 7 flight of, from Vienna, 
 22, 23 proclamation from Innspruck, 
 and measures there, 25 disavows 
 the proceedings of Jellachich, 27, 28 
 returns to Vienna, 31 concessions 
 of, during insurrection of Vienna, 57 
 retires to Olmutz, 58 abdication 
 of, 76. 
 
 Ferdinand of Naples, instructions of, 
 regarding Murat, I. iii. 103 note 
 breach of his promise of a constitu- 
 tion, II. vii. 102 progressive reforms 
 introduced by him, 103 accepts the 
 constitution, 108 constitution grant- 
 ed by, in 1848, Yll. xlvi. 85, VIII. Iii. 
 18 difficulties of, wfth the Chamber, 
 and defeat of the insurgents, 20 
 dethroned in Sicily, 21 orders the 
 withdrawal of his troops from the 
 seat of war, 47 terms offered the 
 Sicilians by, 107. 
 Ferdinand VII., the character of, II. vii. 
 27 his return to Spain, and treat- 
 ment by the Cortes, 28 the decree of 
 Valencia annulling the constitution, 
 30 terms of the decree, and pledges 
 in favour of liberty, 31 enthusiasm 
 with which received during his jour- 
 
 The La 
 
 ney to Madrid, and his arrival there, 
 32 courses open to him, 33 his des- 
 potic measures, 34 re-establishes the 
 inquisition, ib. further arbitrary 
 proceedings of, 37, 38 increasing 
 tyranny of, 40 difficulties of, and 
 change of ministry, 41 marriage of, 
 to the daughter of the king of Portu- 
 gal, 43 treaty regarding the queen of 
 Etruria, 48 marriage of, to the Prin- 
 cess Maria of Saxony, 63 vacillation 
 of, 1820, 70 accepts the constitution, 
 ib. opening of the Cortes by, 82 
 refuses his assent to the decree against 
 the priests, but at last yields, 88 
 illegal measures of, and his submis- 
 sion, 90 returns to Madrid, 91 
 humiliations to which subjected, 93 
 position of, and attempt to resume his 
 authority, xi. 27 attack by him on 
 his ministers in the Cortes, 28 new 
 ministry selected, 29 appoints Mu- 
 rillo captain-general at Madrid, 35 
 vetoes the law regarding the clubs, 
 36 closing of the Cortes, 37 speech 
 of, on opening the extraordinary 
 Cortes, 46 his irresolute conduct, 
 48 retires from Madrid to Toledo, 
 54 danger of, at Aranjuez, 58 com- 
 plete prostration of bis authority, 69 - 
 retires to St Udefonso, ib. compelled 
 to abandon Madrid on the advance of 
 the French, xii. 74 deposition of, by 
 the Cortes, 78 position of, in Cadiz, 
 SO negotiations with the French, 88 
 . deliverance of, 89 scene at it, 90 
 his first acts, 91 cruelties of, after 
 his restoration, 92 his entry into 
 Madrid, and new ministry, 95 pro- 
 claimed by the Portuguese absolutists 
 King of Portugal, IV. xxi. 50 Louis 
 Philippe on, xxiv. 67 marriage of, to 
 Christina, 89 decree altering the 
 order of succession, 90. 
 
 Ferdinand, the archduke, at the storm- 
 ing of Sid on, V. xxxii. 71. 
 
 Fergusson, Mr, arguments of, for repeal 
 of the test and corporation acts, IV. 
 xxi. 104. 
 
 Fergusson, Mr Cutlar, opposes the Irish 
 coercion bill, V. xxxi. 42 becomes 
 judge-advocate, 129 opposes Lord 
 Londonderry's appointment, VI. xxxv. 
 28 judge-advocate, 1835, 44 note 
 on the depression of Indian industry 
 by our commercial code, xl. 3. 
 
 Fermanagh, conflict between Catholics 
 and Protestants in, IV. xxii. 19. 
 
 Ferns, arrears of tithes in diocese of, V. 
 xxxi. 15. 
 
 Ferozepore, meeting of the governor- 
 general and Runjeet Singh at. &c, VI. 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 93 
 
 xl. 58 preparations, &c. of Hardiuge 
 
 at, VIII. xlix. 57. 
 Ferozeshah, retreat of the Sikhs and 
 
 march of the British to, VIII. xlix. 
 
 65 position of the Sikhs, 66 battle 
 
 of, 68 et seq. second battle, 72 et seqt 
 
 their results, 74. 
 Ferrand, count, I. iii. 92. 
 Ferrandiniers, secret society of the, V. 
 
 xxx. 43. 
 Ferrara, democratic insurrection in, 1830, 
 
 IV. xxv. 26 occupation of, 1847, by 
 
 the Austrians, VII. xlvi. 73 relief of 
 
 citadel of, VIII. Iii. 64 occupied by 
 
 the Austrians, 77, 84, 105. 
 Ferrari, general, movements of, VIII. 
 
 Iii. 45. 
 Ferretti, cardinal, VII. xlvi. 65. 
 Ferrol, revolt at, II. vii. 69 holds out 
 
 for the revolutionists, xii. 79 sur- 
 render of, 83. 
 Fcrronnays, the count de la, made 
 
 member of Chamber of Peers, I. iii. 20 
 
 represents France at the Congress of 
 
 Verona, II. xii. 11 minister of foreign 
 
 affairs, III. xvi. 73 retires from office, 
 
 83. 
 Fetes, public, decree of the Germanic 
 
 Diet regarding, V. xxvii. 49. 
 Feucheres, madame de, connection of, 
 
 with the duke de Bourbon, IV. xxiv. 
 
 57 his bequest to her, and reports 
 
 circulated in consequence, 58 death 
 
 of, VII. xliv. 53. 
 Feuds, prevalence of, in Affghanistan, 
 
 VI. xl. 21, 22. 
 Feudal exactions, number, &c. of, in 
 
 Gallicia, VII. xlvi. 15. 
 Feudal militia of Turkey, the, III. xiii. 
 
 52. 
 Feudal privileges, abolished in Prussia, 
 
 VIII. liii. 62. 
 Feudal tenure, abolition of, in Hungarv, 
 
 VIII. liv. 16. 
 Feutrier, M., minister of public worship, 
 
 III. xvi. 73. 
 Fever, ravages of, among the army in 
 
 Burmah, VI. xxxix. 61, 68 in Ireland 
 
 during the famine, VII. xliii. 43, 44. 
 Fever hospital, Dublin, grant to the, IV. 
 
 xx. 5 note. 
 Fichte, the philosophy, &c. of, V. xxviii. 
 
 64. 
 Fielden, Mr, on the new poor-law, 1839, 
 
 VI. xxxvii. 49 bill brought in by, to 
 
 limit factory labour, VII. xliii. 86. 
 Fielding, the novels of, I. v. 68. 
 Fielding, Copley, the paintings of, I. V. 
 
 91. 
 Fieschi, attempt to assassinate Louis 
 
 Philippe by, V. xxxiii. 30 his arrest, 
 
 31 sketch of his career, ib. note his 
 
 trial and execution, 34 effects of the 
 conspiracy of, on the position of the 
 king, 45. 
 
 Filanghieri, general, capture of Messina 
 by, VIII. Hi. 22 commands against 
 the Sicilians, 106 operations there, 
 109. 
 
 Filibustering, origin of, in the United 
 States, VI. xxxvii. 32. 
 
 Financial crisis of 1818 in France, the, 
 I. vi. 76. 
 
 Financial year, proposed change in the, 
 in France, I. vi. 95. 
 
 Finance, difficulties regarding, 1841, VII. 
 xii. 18. 
 
 Finance committee, dissensions in the 
 Goderich cabinet regarding the, IV. 
 xxi. 94 appointment of the, 100. 
 
 Finances, Algeria, VII. xlv. 6 and note. 
 
 Finances, Belgium, 1848, VIII. liii. 
 18. 
 
 Finances, China, VIII. xlviii. 4. 
 
 Finances, the French, desperate state of, 
 in 1815, I. iii. 281816, 116, vi. 6 
 difficulties regarding, in 1817, 28 
 1817, 311818, 58 improvement in 
 them, 1816 to 1820, II. ix. 41819, 
 151820 and 1821, 791822, xi. 24 
 flourishing state of, on the accession of 
 Charles X., III. xvi. 15 1826-7, 52 
 1827, 67 1830, xvii. 36 under 
 Louis Philippe, 1S30, IV. xxiv. 63 
 1831, xxv. 36 comparison of 
 them, 1826, 32, ib. note indignation 
 excited by the statement, 37 1S32, V. 
 xxix. 22 improved condition of, after 
 suppi'ession of revolt of St Meri, 81 
 1833, 1834, and 1835, xxx. 19 under 
 Louis Philippe, statements regarding, 
 xxxiii. 601836, 461837-41, VI. 
 xxxiv. 9 note state of, 1841, 113 
 increasing embarrassment of, 1841, 
 VII. xliv. 5 disastrous state of, 1840, 
 44 speech of the finance minister on 
 them, 45 1841, and report on them, 
 59 1S42, 79 increasing disorder of, 
 under Louis Philippe, 107 state of, 
 
 1847, xlvii. 7 speech of Thiers on, 
 
 1848, 28 last budget of Louis 
 Philippe, 39 state of, 1848, VIII. 1. 
 27, 78 under Louis Napoleon, li. 32 
 disastrous state of, 1848, lvii. 5 
 1848-9, 7. 
 
 Finances, Great Britain, contrast be- 
 tween, 1792 and 1815, 1, ii. 2 for 1815 
 and 1816, 24 note 1816 and 1817, IV. 
 17 improvement in, 1818, 31 ISIS, 
 42, 43 discussion in parliament on, 
 801819, 80 note 1820, II. x. 55 
 1822, 1451823, III. xix. 10 1S24, 
 11 detailed statement of, 1823, 1S24, 
 14 note 1825, 69, 701826, IV. xxi. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 94 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Finances', Great Britain, continued. 
 321826, 1827, 1828, 811829, xxii. 
 19 1830, 331831, xxiii. 28, 98 
 distressed state of, 1832, V. xxxi. 10 
 1832 and 1833, ib. note 1833, 58 
 1834, 1561835, VI. xxxv. 131836, 
 21 1837, 50 deplorable state of, 
 1839, xxxviii. 311840-42, VII. xli. 
 17 note distressed state of, 1842, 42 
 proposed measures of Peel, 43 
 1839-44,77 note favourable aspect 
 of, 1844, 104 flourishing state of, 1842 
 to 1847, xlii. 13 and note Peel's 
 statement of, 1845, 141846, 68 
 1847, xliii. 69 depressed state of, 
 1848, 123 1849 to 1852, VIII. lvi. 33. 
 
 Finances, deplorable state of, in Greece, 
 1826, III. xiv. 147. 
 
 Finances, Irish, before and since the 
 Union, V. xxxi. 124 note. 
 
 Finances, India, 1839-52, VI. xxxix. 15 
 note how raised, &c, 21 and note 
 items of the revenue, 23 embarrassed 
 state of, xl. 21857, VIII. xlix. 123. 
 
 Finances, Poland, 1831, IV. xxvi. 42 of 
 Gallicia and Posen, 43 of Russian 
 Poland, 44. 
 
 Finances, powers of the States-general of 
 Prussia regarding, V. xxvii. 77' 1848, 
 VIII. liii. 63. 
 
 Finances, the Russian, statistics of, II. 
 viii. 471819, 661826, III. xv. 5 
 1831, IV. xxvi. 41 note. 
 
 Finances, the Spanish, state of, from the 
 loss of South America, II. vii. 19 in 
 1815, 41, 51 measures of the Cortes 
 regarding, 86 state of, and measures 
 regarding them, xi. 37 1822, 53 
 deplorable state of, 61. 
 
 Finances, Turkish, III. xiii. 31. 
 
 Finances, United States, effects of the 
 crusade against the banks on the, VI. 
 xxxvii. 29, 30. 
 
 Fine Arts, recent progress of, in England, 
 
 I. v. 87 ct seq. in France, III. xviii. 
 82 ct seq. in Germany, V. xxxviii. 74 
 ct seq. Guizot's essay on the, III. 
 xviii. 20. 
 
 Finland, the acquisition of, by Russia, 
 
 II. viii. 2 population of, 1831, IV. 
 xxvi. 41 note. 
 
 Finlay, Mr, the affair of, VIII. lvi. 57. 
 Finlay, Mr Kirkman, free trade petition 
 
 presented by, II. x. 64. 
 Finn, Mr, motion of, on Orange lodges, 
 
 VI. xxxvi. 20. 
 
 Finsbury Square, Chartist gathering in, 
 
 VII. xliii. 137. 
 
 Fisheries, conqjanics for, 1825, III. xix. 
 
 66 note. 
 Fitzclarence, captain, at the arrest of the 
 
 Cato Street conspirators, II. 46 note. 47. 
 
 The La 
 
 Fitzgerald, lord, motion by, on the Irish 
 corporation bill, VI. xxxvi. 39. 
 
 Fitzgerald, camel force in Scinde under, 
 VIII. xlix. 31. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Mr Vesey, becomes president 
 of board of trade, IV. xxi. 97 new 
 corn-law introduced by, 1828, 101 - 
 defeat of, for the county of Clare, 114. 
 
 Fitzherbert, Mrs, conduct of George III. 
 toward, IV. xxii. 49 death of, and her 
 career, VI. xxxvi. 77. 
 
 Fitzjames, the duke de, I. iii. 59 argu- 
 ments of, for the government law of 
 arrest, II. ix. 54 takes the oaths to 
 Louis Philippe, IV. xxiv. 44 at 
 Lamarque's funeral, V. xxix. 60 
 arrest of, 77. 
 
 Fitzwilliam, earl, I. iv. 41 dismissed 
 from his lord-lieutenancy, II. x. 32 - 
 
 Fiume, prices of wheat at, 1817 and 1819, 
 
 II. x. 17 note. 
 
 Five per cents, proposed reduction of 
 
 the, in France, V. xxxiii. 48 ct seq. 
 Five powers, mediation of the, declined 
 
 by Switzerland, VII. xlvi. 104. 
 Fixed duty, arguments of Peel against a, 
 
 VII. xli. 33 Lord John Russell, &c. 
 
 on, 38. 
 Flahault, count, efforts of, to save 
 
 Labedoyere, I. iii. 79 efforts of, to 
 
 retain Prussia neutral toward Poland, 
 
 IV. xxvi. 83. 
 Flax, consumption of, in England, 1822-5, 
 
 III. xix. 64 note abolition of duty 
 on, VII. xlii. 15. 
 
 Flaxman, the works of, I. v. 98. 
 
 Flemings, jealousies between, and the 
 Dutch, IV. xxiv. 70. 
 
 Fleury de Chaboulon, M. I. iii. 78. 
 
 Flocon, M., VII. xliv. 64 on the pro- 
 posed reform banquet, &c., xlvii. 
 48 proceedings of, 55 urges insur- 
 rection, 56- appointed one of pro- 
 visional government, 75 and note 
 votes for, 1848, VIII. 1. 64 note 
 minister of commerce, 1848, 69 note. 
 
 Flogging, prevalence of, in Russia, II. 
 viii. 36 abolition of, in the Indian 
 army, VI. xl. 6 failure of this, VII. 
 xliii. 26 discussion ou, 1846, 22 ct seq. 
 motion on the subject, and Welling- 
 ton's order on it, 23 reflections on it, 
 24 necessity of it in the field, 26. 
 
 Florence, proposed congress at, II. xii. 
 1 1 revolutionary excitement in. 1830, 
 
 IV. xxiv. 87 reception of Lord Minto 
 at, VII. xlvi. 78 excitement in, on 
 the fall of Milan, VIII. Iii. 78 
 declares for a republic, S3 counter 
 revolution at, 104. 
 
 Floret, M. prefect of Toulouse, VII. 
 xliv. 62. 
 
 ye Po.nan numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 95 
 
 Florida, sale of, by Spain to tbe United 
 States, II. vii. 62. 
 
 Flotte, M. de, elected for Paris, VIII. 
 lvii. 23 note. 
 
 Flour, fall in price of, 1782-1837, VI. 
 xxxvii. 46 note. 
 
 Flushing, the bombardment of, as an in- 
 stance of naval attack on land defences, 
 VI, xxxiv. 29. 
 
 Fo, religious system of, in China, VIII. 
 xlviii. 16. 
 
 Folard, the military history of, III. xviii. 
 41. 
 
 Follett, Sir W., solicitor-general, 1835, 
 VI. xxxv. 16 note solicitor-general, 
 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Fontana d'Oro, the club of the, II. xi. 44. 
 
 Fontanes, M. de, defence of the law of 
 arrest by, I. iii. 71 arguments of, for 
 change in the electoral law, vi. 88. 
 
 Fonblanque, statistics of population 
 from, VIII. Ivi. 34. 
 
 Fontenay, cholera at, V. xxix. 32 note. 
 
 Foo-choo, opening of, VIII. xlviii. 45. 
 
 Food, inapplicability of free-trade prin- 
 ciple to, III. xix. 51 high price of, 
 in Great Britain, 1841, VII. xli. 16 
 Peel on effects of redaction in price 
 of, 30, 31 rise in prices of, 1845, 
 xlii. 40 effects of free trade on prices 
 of, xliii. 160. 
 
 Forbes, lieutenant, at the siege of Bhurt- 
 pore, VI. xxxix. 83. 
 
 Forbiu des Essarts, M., moves the ex- 
 pulsion of Manuel, II. xii. 59. 
 
 Force, foundation of the government of 
 Louis Philippe on, V. xxx. 2. 
 
 Ford, captain, at Meanee, VIII. xlix. 16. 
 
 Foreign affairs, debate on, 1821, II. x. 
 93 Casitnir Perier's account of his 
 policy regarding, IV. xxv. 53 debate 
 in the French Chamber on, 1831, 79 
 threatening aspect of, 1841, VII. xli. 
 15 Lamartine's speech on, 1848, 
 VIII. 1. 66. 
 
 Foreign aggression, universal feeling of 
 resistance to, VI. xxxix. 1 causes of 
 this, 2. 
 
 Foreign enlistment bill, arguments in 
 parliament in favour of the, I. iv. 96 
 et seq. and against it, 100 is carried, 
 102. 
 
 Foreign grain, effects of free trade on 
 price of, VIII. Ivi. 20. 
 
 Foreign market, comparison of, with the 
 home, III. xix. 43. 
 
 Foreign periodicals, decrees of the Ger- 
 manic Diet regarding, V. xxvii. 49. 
 
 Foreign policy, change of, in England 
 after 1830, I. i. 8 change in British, 
 and dangers from this, 29 -change in, 
 from the fall of the Wellington minis- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 try, IV. xxiii. 1 change in, since the 
 reform bill, 120. 
 
 Foreign shipping, proportion of, to 
 British, 1820-51, I. i. 28 note dis- 
 couragement of, by the navigation 
 laws, III. xix. 20 effects of the re- 
 ciprocity system on, 30 statistics of, 
 1801-49, ib. note comparison of, with 
 British, 1842-56, VII. xliii. 166 note 
 effects of repeal of navigation laws 
 on, VIII. Ivi. 17 See Shipping. 
 
 Foreign states, Lamartine's circular to, 
 1848, VIII. 1. 37. 
 
 Foreign trade, value of, as compared 
 with home, II. x. 75. 
 
 Foreign wheat, importation of, 1816-18, 
 
 I. ii. 7. 
 
 Foreign writers, explanation by, of the 
 conduct of England in regard to 
 slavery, VII. xliii. 19. 
 
 Foreigners, prosperity caused in Paris 
 by expenditure of, IV. xxiv. 3 alien 
 act for registration of, VII. xlii. 32. 
 
 Forests, comparative want of, in Spain, 
 
 II. vii. 10 of Poland, value of the, 
 
 IV. xxvi. 7. 
 
 Forli, capture of, by the Papal troops, 
 
 V. xxix. 27. 
 
 Fort Cox, siege of, by the Caffres, VIII. 
 Ivi. 49. 
 
 Fort Hare, Caffraria, operations at, VIII. 
 Ivi. 49. 
 
 Forte, M., votes for, as vice-president of 
 the Deputies, V. xxxiii. 55. 
 
 Forte, marquis de la, VIII. 1. 96. 
 
 Fortified places, mode of defence of, by 
 the Turks, III. xiii. 49, 50. 
 
 Fortune newspaper, advocates a repub- 
 lic, V. xxix. 20. 
 
 Forty-shilling franchise, unsuitability of, 
 to the Irish, IV. xx. 15. 
 
 Forty-shilling freeholders, influence of 
 creation of, in Ireland, IV. xx. 9 faci- 
 lities given by system of, to designs of 
 Catholic Association in Ireland, xxi. 
 112 command of them obtained by 
 it, 113 violent declaration of the 
 Catholic Association regarding the, 126 
 bill for disfranchising the, 151 the 
 Irish, excluded by the reform bill, 
 xxiii. 116. 
 
 Foster, Mr Leslie, on the Irish church, 
 IV. xx. 25 opposes the Catholic 
 emancipation bill of 1825, 43. 
 
 Foucault, M. de, arrest of Manuel by, II. 
 xii. 60. 
 
 Fouche", discussions as to his appointment 
 to the ministry, I. iii. 8 appointed 
 minister of police, 9 opposes reac- 
 tionary measures, 12 advocates re- 
 storing the freedom of the press, 17 
 lists of the Napoleonists for punish- 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 96 
 
 HISTORY OF EUEOPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Fouche", continued. 
 
 naeut prepared by, 1 8, 1 f) efforts of, 
 during the elections of 1815, 37 dis- 
 missed from the ministry, 39 his 
 fall and death, 40 efforts of, for the 
 escape of the proscribed Napoleonists, 
 77 and to save Labedoyere, 78 
 efforts of, for the escape of Ney, S3 
 and to save Lavalette, 92 the Me- 
 moirs of, III. xviii. 50. 
 
 Foucher, general, during the insurrection 
 of June, VIII. 1. 87 wounded during 
 insurrection of July, 94. 
 
 Fould, M., returned to national assembly, 
 VIII. 1. 77. 
 
 Foundlings, total number of, in France, 
 
 III. xvii. 122 note how managed 
 when young, 125 number of, born 
 in Paris, 1829-31, IV. xxv. 42 note- 
 annual number of, in France, VI. 
 xxxiv. 16. 
 
 Foundling hospital, Dublin, grant to the, 
 
 IV. xx. 5 note. 
 
 Foundling hospitals, the, of France, III. 
 xvii. 123 their management of the 
 ehildren, 125 defence of, by Lamar- 
 tine, VI. xxxiv. 16. 
 
 Four per cents, reduction of the, 1830, 
 IV. xxii. 34 reduction of the, in Eng- 
 land, VI. xxxv. 13. 
 
 Four powers, the convention of 20th 
 Nov. 1815 between the, I. iii. 49. 
 
 Fourvieres, destruction of the, VIII. 1. 40. 
 
 Fowey, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Fox, C. J., views of, with regard to the 
 sinking fund, IV. xxii. 36 conduct of 
 George IV. to, in reference to Mrs 
 Fitzherbert, 49 and Mrs Fitzherbert, 
 VI. xxxvi. 77. 
 
 Foy, general, I. vi. 81 returned to the 
 Deputies in 1819, II. ix. 17 his pre- 
 vious career and character, 1 9 on the 
 death of the Duke de Berri, 41 argu- 
 ments of, against the proposed law of 
 arrest, 52 arguments of, against the 
 new electoral law, 64 named a mem- 
 ber of Berton's provisional govern- 
 ment, xi. 19 protests against the 
 expulsion of Manuel, xii. 61 returned 
 for Paris, 1824, 108 on the ordon- 
 nance regarding the army, III. xvi. 
 13 on the proposed indemnity to tho 
 emigrants, 23, 33 note death and 
 character of, 38. 
 
 Foy, Fernand, elected for Paris, VIII. 
 lvii. 23 note. 
 
 Franc - Communeros, society of the, in 
 Spain, Il.vii. 93. 
 
 France, position and social state of, at 
 the close of the war, 1. i. 2 causes in, 
 which predisposed to the revolution 
 of 1830, 5 the middle class ele- 
 
 vated to power by the revolution of 
 1830, 7 the alliance with England 
 which followed, 8 arrest of the re- 
 volution of 1848, 20 restoration of 
 military despotism by Louis Napoleon, 
 22 standing army of, 23 distress 
 from contraction of the currency, 35 
 proportion of crime to education, 48 
 rapidity of reaction after 1848. 54 
 effects of representative institutions on, 
 57 increasing influence of religion, 
 74 difficulties of the government after 
 Waterloo, iii. 1 difficulties from the 
 changeable disposition of the people, 2 
 effects this produced in 1815, 3- 
 effects of the first restoration, ib. 
 humiliation and sufferings after Water- 
 loo, 4 reaction against Napoleon, &c, 
 5 difficulties of Louis XVIII. in con- 
 sequence, 6 ministry of 1815, 9 
 proclamation of Louis XVIII. , 10 
 entry of the king into Paris, 11 vio- 
 lence of the royalists, 12 difficulty 
 regarding the Chambers, 13 new 
 electoral constitution, 14 et seq. 
 royalist difficulties, 16 partial re- 
 storation of the freedom of the press, 
 17 the punishment of the Napoleon- 
 ists resolved on, 18 ordinance regard- 
 ing the Chamber of Peers, 20 making 
 the peerage hereditary, 21 the allied 
 troops in, 22 the army of the Loire, 
 23 reorganisation of the army, 26 
 restoration of the works of art 
 from, 27- desperate state of the finan- 
 ces, 28 statement of them, ib. re- 
 venue and expenditure, 1812 to 1816, 
 ib. note royalist reaction in the 
 south, 30 massacres, &c. there, 31, 
 et seq. persecution of Protestants, 36 
 temper during the elections, 37 
 their ultra-royalist character, 38 fall 
 of the Talleyrand ministry, 41 that of 
 the Duke de Richelieu, 42- difficulties 
 of the negotiations with the allies, 46 
 demands of the allies, 47 the treaty 
 of Paris, 48 moderation of the allies, 
 53 meeting and temper of the Cham- 
 ber of Deputies, 54 opening of the 
 Chambers, and the king's speech, 60 
 difficulties about taking the oath of 
 fidelity, 62 influences urging the gov- 
 ernment to the punishment of Ney, 
 &c. 75 considerations which weighed 
 with the court, 76 general amnesty" 
 proclaimed, H7 proposed new law of 
 elections, 110 e( seq. the budget for 
 1816, 115 et seq. discussion on the 
 endowment of the church, 118 et seq. 
 discussion on the law of divorce, 1 2 1 
 changes in the administration, 122 
 conspiracy of the liberal party, 123 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 97 
 
 outbreak of Didier at Grenoble, 124 
 subsequent severities, 125 conspiracy 
 in Paris, 126 and at Lyons, 127 pre- 
 parations for a change in the electoral 
 law, 128 ordinance of 5th Sept., 132 
 feelings on it, 133 effects of it, 134 
 reflections on the reaction of 1815, 
 136 it was forced on the government, 
 137 iniquities perpetrated by juries 
 in, 138 illustration of human vicissi- 
 tude from, iv. 2 causes which led to 
 the failure of the Revolution, 4 
 effects of the coup d'etat of 5th Sept. 
 vi. 1 democratic basis on which the 
 franchise was now founded, 2 the 
 elections of 1815, 3 efforts of the 
 royalists and liberals, 4 result of 
 the elections of 1815, 5 internal 
 government after the coup d'etat, 6 
 general distress in, 7 opening of the 
 Chamber of Deputies, 8 state of 
 parties in it, 9 et seq. discussion on 
 new law of election, 11 et seq. pro- 
 posed new laws regarding individual 
 freedom and the liberty of the press, 1 9 
 et seq. scarcity in, and measures of 
 government to relieve it, 25 more 
 liberal system in the army, 26 con- 
 cordat between, and Rome, 27 great 
 difficulty regarding the finances, 28 
 efforts of Wellington and the Emperor 
 Alexander with regard to the in- 
 demnities, 29 convention regard- 
 ing the army of occupation, 30 
 the budget for 1817,31 law regard- 
 ing bequests to the church, 32 argu- 
 ments for a proprietary clergy, 33 
 et seq. changes in the ministry, 39 
 the elections of 1817, 42 state of 
 public opinion, 43 new law of recruit- 
 ing, 46 et seq. expiry of the laws re- 
 garding personal freedom and prevotal 
 courts, 56 failure of that for establish- 
 ing the concordat, 57 budget for 
 1818, 58 -arrangement concluded re- 
 garding the indemnities, 59 repre- 
 sentatives of, at Aix-la-Chapelle, 61 
 terms of the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 
 regarding, 64 secret treaty with the 
 allies, 65 and secret protocols, 67, 68 
 evacuation of, by the allied troops, 
 71 the elections of 1818, 75 financial 
 crisis in, 76 breaking up of the 
 ministry, 78 new ministry formed, 
 79 measures of the new ministers, 
 81 general promotion of the liberals, 
 82 movement against the electoral 
 law in the Peers, 83 discussion on it, 
 84 excitement in, with regard to the 
 law of elections, 86 defeat of the 
 ministry, 95 their measures, 96 
 great creation of peers, ib. ascend- 
 
 thc Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 ancy of the liberals in the Deputies, 
 97 results of the change already 
 made, 98 repeated coups d'etat, 99 
 those all on the popular side, 100 
 flight of Spanish liberals into, II. vii. 
 36 invasion of, by the Spaniards in 
 1815, 40 population per square'mile, 
 viii. 17 note representative of, at the 
 Congress of Troppau, 70 neutrality 
 of, at the Congress of Laybach, 72 
 first symptom of alliance with Eng- 
 land, 73 evils of, at the close of 1816, 
 ix. 1 rapid flow of prosperity during 
 the following year, 2 exports, imports, 
 and revenue, 4 thorough establish- 
 ment of representative institutions, 5 
 increasing demands of the liberal 
 party, 6 popular acts of the new 
 ministry, 7 return of parties pro- 
 scribed, 8 increasing strength of the 
 liberals, 9 law regarding the press, 10 
 debate on the return of the pro- 
 scribed parties, 11 sensation excited 
 by this debate, 13 increasing violence 
 of the press, 14 the budget for 1819, 
 15 preparations for the elections of 
 1819, 16 their results, 17 change in 
 the ministry, 23 attack by the press 
 on the new one, 24 king's speech at 
 opening of session, 25 strength of 
 parties in the Chamber, 26 designs of 
 the liberals in Paris, 27 new electoral 
 law proposed, 28 and decided on by 
 the government, 29 opposition of the 
 liberals to it, 30 assassination of the 
 Duke de Berri, 35 sensation caused 
 by it, 39 indignation against the 
 ministry, 41 fall of Decazes, and for- 
 mation of a new ministry, 44 first 
 measures of the session, and discussion 
 on the law of arrest, 52 et seq. dis- 
 cussion on re-establishing the censor- 
 ship, 55 et seq. reflections on it, 60 
 alarming state of, and defensive mea- 
 sures of government, 61 denunciation 
 of the secret government, 62 pro- 
 posed new electoral law, 63 discus- 
 sion on it, 64 et seq. disturbances in 
 Paris, 75 et seq. the budget for 1820 
 and 1821, 79 organisation and objects 
 of the conspiracy in the army, 80, 81 
 its failure, 82 prosecutions which fol- 
 lowed, 83 birth of the Duke de Bor- 
 deaux, 84 rejoicings on it, 85 con- 
 gratulations and promotions on the 
 birth of the prince, 86 rupture with 
 the Doctrinaires, 87 disturbances in 
 the provinces, and internal measures 
 of government, 90 changes in the 
 royal household, 91 new organisation 
 of the army, 92 ordonnance regarding 
 public instruction, 93 the king's cir- 
 
 the Paragraph. "
 
 98 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 France, continued. 
 
 cular to the electors, 94 result of the 
 elections, 95 effect of the change in 
 the Assembly, 96 change in the 
 ministry, 97 speech of the king on 
 opening the session, 98 measures 
 fixing the electoral districts, 99 law 
 for additional ecclesiastical endow- 
 ments, 100 modification of the corn 
 laws, 101 law for indemnity to im- 
 perial donatories, 102 new law re- 
 garding censorship of press, 103 in- 
 creasing irritation, and difficulties of 
 the ministry, 105 fall of the Richelieu 
 ministry, 10C the new one, 107 im- 
 portance of the accession of the royalist 
 ministry, 108 effects of the change in 
 the electoral law, 109 defects of the 
 representative system in, 110 undue 
 ascendancy of the Parti-pretre, 111 
 cause of the reaction against liberal 
 institutions, 11-2 death of Napoleon, 
 113 et seq. objects of the liberals in, 
 as compared with England, x. 1 
 difference in the causes which pro- 
 duced discontent in the two, 2 effects 
 of over-issues of paper in, during the 
 Revolution, 8 monetary crisis in, 
 1819, 18 loans raised in 1817-18, 18 
 note number of children receiving 
 education, 57 exports from England 
 per head to, 75 note number of 
 capital offences in the code of, 127 
 character of the revolutionary attempts 
 of 1819-20, 163 divergence from 
 England on the Spanish question, xi. 
 1 law regarding the press, 13 rise 
 of the Carbonari and secret societies 
 in, 16, 17 conspiracy at Befort, 18 
 declaration regarding South Ameri- 
 can independence, 17 instructions to 
 her representatives regarding Spain, 
 18 questions proposed on the Spanish 
 question, 21 the results of the con- 
 gress to her advantage, 22 insurrec- 
 tion at Thouars, 19 conspiracy at La 
 Rochelle, 20 insurrections at (Jolmar, 
 Marseilles, and Toulon, 23 budget of 
 1822, 24 favourable result of the 
 elections to the royalists, 25 state of 
 public opinion, 26 effects of the 
 Spanish revolution in,xii. 1 necessity 
 for the intervention in Spain, 2 views 
 with which the intervention is re- 
 garded in England, 4 danger of a 
 renewal of the family compact, 5 re- 
 presentatives of, at the Congress of 
 Verona, 11 views of, at the congress, 
 13 the slave trade carried on under 
 flag of, and her resistance to its sup- 
 pression, 16 division in the cabinet 
 on the Spanish question, 25 con- 
 
 The L 
 
 tinued warlike preparations, 26 
 unanimity in favour of war, ib. 
 withdrawal of the ambassador from 
 Spain, 27 opening of the Cham- 
 bers, and the royal speech, 28 reply 
 of the Spanish government, 30 - 
 discussion in the Deputies on the 
 
 Spanish question, 41 et seq effect 
 
 produced by Chateaubriand's speech, 
 53 Talleyrand on the war, 54 vote 
 for carrying it on, 55 enthusiasm ' 
 for the Spanish war, 61 efforts of the 
 liberals to sow disaffection in the 
 army, 62 first difficulties in the 
 Spanish campaign, 68 forces, 70- 
 the invasion of Spain, 72 et seq. de- 
 clines the intervention of Russia in 
 Spain, 100 elections of 1824, and 
 strength of the royalists, 108 opening 
 of the Chambers, 110 law of septen- 
 niality, 111 law for reducing the 
 interest of the national debt, 113 
 difference between the funds of, and 
 those of England, 115 changes in the 
 ministry, 117 statistics, 118 death, 
 &c, of Louis XVIII. 123 merit of 
 the invasion of Spain in 1823, 127 
 it nearly established the throne of the 
 restoration, 128 it was justifiable, 
 129 efforts of, to avert a rupture be- 
 tween Russia and Turkey in 1821, III. 
 xiv. 52 and on behalf of the Princi- 
 palities, 1823, 82 views of, regarding 
 Greece, 143 the treaty of 6th July 
 regarding Greece, 151 naval prepara- 
 tions to enforce it, 155 final note to 
 Turkey, 157 expedition from, against 
 Ibrahim Pacha in Greece, xv. 140 
 position of, on the accession of Charles 
 X., xvi. 1 his character, 2 ct seq. 
 the Duke d'Angouleme declared dau- 
 phin, 4 secret camarilla of priests, 5 
 censorship of the press abolished, 
 7 dangers of this, 8 increasing in- 
 fluence of the Jesuits, 9 their strength 
 in the legislature and ministry, 10 
 general prosperity in, 12 injudici- 
 ous measure regarding the army, 13 
 meeting of the Chambers, 14 state 
 of the finances, 15 civil list, and 
 restoration of the Orleans estates, 16 
 proposed indemnity to the emi- 
 grants, 1 7 difficulties of the govern- 
 ment in connection with it, 23 argu- 
 ments against it, 24 et seq. effects 
 of the indemnity to the emigrants, 31 
 law against sacrilege, 33 measures 
 for the reduction of the debt, 35 
 coronation of the king, 36 pro- 
 secutions of the liberal press, 37 re- 
 cognition of the independence of St 
 Domingo, 40, 42 proposed change in 
 
 arne Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 99 
 
 law of succession, 43 et seq. finances, 
 1826 and 1827, 52 measures of the 
 Jesuits, 53 jubilee in, ib. Jesuit 
 preceptor to the Duke de Bordeaux, 
 54 re-establishment of the censor- 
 ship, 57 et seq. indignation caused by 
 this, 59 passing of the law, 60 
 disbanding of the National Guard 
 of Paris, 63- results of this, 64 
 treaty of 6th July regarding Greece, 
 and convention regarding the slave 
 trade, 66 financial projects and em- 
 barrassments of the government, 67 
 a dissolution resolved on, 68 censor- 
 ship re-established by ordonnance, ib. 
 creation of peers, and dissolution, 
 69 preparations of the parties, 70 
 elections and riots in Paris, 71 re- 
 criminations between the ministry and 
 the Jesuits, 72 dissolution of the 
 Villele ministry, 73 the Martignac 
 ministry, ib. meeting of the Cham- 
 bers, 76 law excluding government 
 employe's from the suffrage, 78 et seq. 
 new law regarding the press, 80 
 law against the Jesuits, 81 prepara- 
 tions for change of ministry, 83 
 opening of the Chambers, 1829, 84 
 state of parties in the Deputies, 86 
 accession of the Polignac ministry, 91 
 importance of this, 92 distrust of 
 de la Bourdonnaye, xvii. 3 and of 
 Bourmont, 4 attacks of the press on 
 the ministry, 6 Lafayette in the 
 south, 7 retirement of La Bourdon- 
 naye, 8 Polignac's Memoir on the 
 state of, 13 influence of the press in, 
 18 their hostility to the Polignac 
 ministry, 19 meeting of the Cham- 
 bers, 20 votes on the presidency, and 
 address, 21 prorogation of the Cham- 
 bers, and designs of the king, 31, 32 
 prosecutions of the press, 33 report 
 of finance minister, 34 population, 
 &c, 35 taxes and revenue, 36 pub- 
 lic debt, 37 general prosperity, 38 
 and discontent, 39 the expedition to 
 
 Algiers, 40 et seq negotiations with 
 
 England on the subject, 41 agree- 
 ment with Russia for extending the 
 frontier to the Rhine, 49 dissolution 
 of the Chambers, 50 result of the 
 elections, 51 coup d'etat resolved on, 
 52, 53 the ordonnances, 58 want 
 of preparation on the part of the gov- 
 ernment, 61 issuing of the ordon- 
 nances, and their first effect, 62 
 commencement of the insurrection, 
 63 commencement of the conflict in 
 Paris, 68 measures of the govern- 
 ment, 70 proceedings of the liberals, 
 and formation of provisional govern- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 ment, 74 state of affairs at St Cloud, 
 and firmness of the king, 75 forces, 
 &c, on the 29th, 77 meeting of 
 liberals at Lafitte's, 78 and their reso- 
 lution, 79 continued successes of the 
 insurgents, 81 et seq. Paris evacuated 
 by Marmont, 83 concessions resolved 
 on, 84 et seq. attempt to form a new 
 ministry, 86 completion of the re- 
 volution at Paris, 87 last attempt 
 at negotiation, 88- the lieutenant- 
 generalcy refused by the Duke d'Or- 
 leans, 89 the king retires from St 
 Cloud, 90 and abdicates, 91 de- 
 parture of Charles X., &c, for Eng- 
 land, 94 et seq. reflections on the fall 
 of the Restoration in, 99 errors of the 
 king in the conflict, 100 difference 
 in this respect in England, 101 secret 
 objects of the liberal opposition, 102 
 error of the king in his ground of 
 resistance, 103 want of preparation 
 by the government, 104 error of the 
 government in not arresting the liberal 
 leaders, 105 effects of the treachery 
 of the troops, 106 results of this to 
 the cause of freedom in, 107 error of 
 the military commanders, 108 cause 
 of this in the composition of the army, 
 109 military errors committed, 110 
 influence of the Parti-pretre on gov- 
 ernment, 112 vehemence of the op- 
 position to the restoration, 113 the 
 constitution as popular as the country 
 could bear, 114 the Bourbons iden- 
 tified with the national disasters, 115 
 effect of the continuance of peace, 
 116, 117 causes of the expeditions to 
 Spain and Algiers, 118 political 
 reasons for these, 119 effects of the 
 destruction of the aristocracy, 120 
 absence of religious restraint in the 
 towns, 121 number of natural chil- 
 dren in these, 122 political efiect of 
 this, 123 these as combatants in 
 Paris, 124 circumstance which miti- 
 gated these evils, 125 decline in 
 the comforts of the working classes, 
 126 causes of this, 127 effects of 
 the division of land on industry, 
 128 burdens on the land in, 129 
 crowding of the inhabitants into 
 towns, 130 effects of destruction of 
 commercial wealth during the revolu- 
 tion, 131- general competition and 
 misery of working classes, 132 want 
 of representation of them, 133 were 
 the ordonnances illegal, 134 previous 
 ones not objected to, 135 necessity 
 for coups d'etat in, 136 conduct of 
 the king, 137 sketch of the litera- 
 ture of, during and after the restora- 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 100 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 France, continued. 
 tion, xviii. 1 et seq. Sismondi's 
 history of, 27 during the eighteenth 
 century, Lacretelle's history of, 38 
 Capefigue's history of, 39 reciprocity 
 treaty with, xix. 29 note exports to, 
 1840-9, 33 note exports of silks 
 from England to, 49 note preponder- 
 ance of agricultural population in, IV. 
 xxi. 38 origin of the differences be- 
 tween, and Portugal, 1826, 48, 49 
 disavows the proceedings there, 54 
 tendency of, toward military conquest, 
 xxiii. 120 exports to, compared with 
 Australia, 121 note effects of uni- 
 form representation in, 166, 167 
 objects of the revolution in, xxiv. 1 
 its failure, 2 prosperity of the bour- 
 geois class, 3 their interests adverse to 
 those of labour, 4 effects of spread of 
 machinery, &c, 5 increased strength 
 of government, 6 dangers to which 
 this led, 7 the Republicans, 8 the 
 Napoleonists, 9 the Orleanists, 10 
 the duke remains in retirement, 11 
 he proposed as king, 12, 13 the duke 
 proposed as lieutenant-general for the 
 Duke de Bordeaux, 1 4 first placards 
 in the Orleans interest, 15 his situa- 
 tion, 16 interview between Thiers 
 and the duchess, 17 irresolute con- 
 duct of the duke, 18 meetings of 
 the Deputies and Peers, 19 meeting 
 at the Chamber of Peers, 20 -meeting 
 of republicans, 21 scene at the Hotel 
 de Ville, 22 defeat of the Napoleon- 
 ists, 24 panic of the Orleanists, 25 
 arrival of the duke at Paris, 26 he 
 accepts the lieutenant-generalship, 27 
 Guizot's proclamation of the princi- 
 ples of the government, 28 visit of 
 the duke to the Hotel de Ville, 29 
 efibrts of his partisans to popularise 
 his dynasty, 32 conversation between 
 him and the republicans, 33 speech 
 of Chateaubriand, 34 acceptance of 
 the crown by Louis Philippe, 41 
 speeches on his accepting the consti- 
 tution, 42 changes in the constitu- 
 tion after the revolution, 43 resigna- 
 tion of peers, and ministers who were 
 appointed, 44 distress in Paris, 45 
 reception of tht! revolution at Lyons, 
 Bordeaux, and in the provinces, 46 
 recognition of Louis Philippe by 
 the English government, 47 recep- 
 tion of Louis Philippe's accession on 
 the Continent, 48 he recognised by 
 Austria, 49 and by Prussia, 50 his 
 character, 51 ct seq. dissensions in 
 the council, and violence of deputa- 
 tion of National Guard, 56 death 
 
 The Lar 
 
 and will of the Duke de Bourbon, 57 
 reports spread on the bequest of 
 his property to the Duke d'Aumale, 
 58 attitude of Lafayette, and its 
 dangers, 59 arrest of the ex-ministers, 
 and disturbances in Paris, 60 first 
 legislative measures, 61 discussion 
 on electoral law, 62 financial mea- 
 sures, 63 proceedings against popu- 
 lar societies, 64 attempt to revolu- 
 tionise Spain from Paris, 66 this 
 secretly favoured by Louis Philippe 
 and his ministers, 67 its failure, 68 
 influence of the revolution in Ger- 
 many, 81- in Switzerland, 86 and in 
 Italy, 87 resume - of the influence of 
 the revolution in, 90 change in her 
 attitude toward the continental powers, 
 xxv. 1 cabinet divisions, and fall of 
 the ministry, 2 trial of the ex-minis- 
 ters of Charles X., 3 et seq.- dissolu- 
 tion of the ministry, 7 Lafitte's 
 
 ministry, 8 et seq sentence on the 
 
 ex-ministers, 12 disaffection of the 
 National Guard, and misery in Paris, 
 14 demands of Lafayette, 15 his 
 dismissal from command of Guard, 16 
 changes in the cabinet, 17 favour- 
 able accounts from Algiers, 18 great 
 additional expenditure for the army, 
 19 crown of Belgium offered to Duke 
 de Nemours, 21 views on its refusal, 
 23 a party to convention for separa- 
 tion of Belgium and Holland, 20, 22 
 at first declares against Austrian in- 
 tervention in Italy, 27 violence of 
 parties, and misery in Paris, 35 
 budget of 1831, and its effects, 36 
 indignation it excited, 37 state of 
 commerce and credit, 3S indignation 
 of the democrats, 39 extravagant 
 ideas afloat, 40 corruption resulting 
 from the system of centralisation, 41 
 moral statistics of Paris, 42 tum- 
 ult in church of St Germain l'Auxer- 
 rois, 48 disturbances in Paris, and 
 weakness of government, 45, 46 fall 
 of Lafitte, and appointment of Casi- 
 mir Perier, 47 views of parties on 
 this change of ministry, 48 change 
 in electoral law, 49 proscription of 
 the Bourbons, 50 opposition of the 
 liberal journals to Perier, and forma- 
 tion of National Association, 51 
 Perier's statement of the principles of 
 his government, 52 efforts of the 
 king to conciliate the electors, 54 
 disturbances in Paris, 55 the king's 
 progresses into Normandy and Cham- 
 pagne, 56 unfavourable issue of the 
 elections, 57 the king's speech, 5S 
 defeat of government in choice of 
 
 ge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 101 
 
 president, &c, 59 views of, regard- 
 ing Holland and Belgium, 62 reasons 
 which led her to support the Belgians, 
 63 supports the election of Prince 
 Leopold, 64 change in her language 
 regarding Luxembourg, 67 pro- 
 gress of negotiation, and secret treaty 
 with England, 68 intervention of 
 her troops in Belgium, 72 armistice, 
 and withdrawal of them, 73 acqui- 
 escence of the northern powers in her 
 settlement of Belgium, 74 forcible 
 intervention of, in Lisbon, 76 com- 
 pels the submission of Portugal, 77 
 excitement on the affairs of Belgium, 
 78 arguments of the opposition on 
 foreign affairs, 79 answer of minis- 
 ters, 82 violence in the Chamber on 
 the debate on Poland, 85 excitement 
 on the fall of Warsaw, 86 law against 
 the Bourbons, 87 proposed abolition 
 of the hereditary peerage, 90 debate 
 on it, 91 et seq. it is carried, 102 et 
 
 seq. reflections on it, 104 et seq 
 
 previous degradation of the peerage, 
 105 secret views regarding Poland, 
 xxvi. 29 efforts to retain Prussia 
 neutral toward Poland, 83 modera- 
 tion displayed by Germany toward, on 
 the peace, V. xxvii. 2 education in, 
 9 statistics of crime and education 
 compared with Prussia, 10 dread of, 
 awakened in Germany by the revolu- 
 tion of 1830, 45, 46 and by the 
 alliance between her and England, 47 
 feeling in, on the arbitrary measures 
 of the Germanic diet, 50 influence 
 on Germany of the war with, 80 
 great increase of the power of the 
 crown from previous changes, xxix. 1 
 social dangers of the government, 2 
 picture of the working classes at this 
 time, 3 their miserable condition, 4 
 their consequent profligacy, 5 these 
 evils aggravated by the revolution, 6 
 commencement of the Lyons insur- 
 rection, and condition of the work- 
 men there, 7 attempt to fix a tariff 
 for wages, 8 the insurrection at 
 Lyons, 10 et seq. measures of the 
 government against it, 14 its sup- 
 pression, 16 views on it entertained, 
 1 7 renewed efforts of the republicans, 
 and sketches of their leaders, 18 et seq. 
 strength of the republican press, 
 and extravagance of the court, 20 
 the civil list, 21 increase in the 
 general expenditure, and budget for 
 the year, 22 conspiracy of Notre 
 Dame and the Rue Prouvaires, 23 
 conspiracy at Grenoble, 24 remon- 
 strates against the Austrian inter- 
 ne Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 vention in Romagna, 26 expedition 
 to Ancona resolved on, and reasons for 
 it, 25 occupation of Ancona, 29 
 effects of this, 30 first appearance of 
 cholera in Paris, 31 commissions on 
 it, 34 its ravages, 35 fortitude and 
 benevolence shown, 36 death of Casi- 
 mirPerierand of Cuvier, 37 attempt 
 of the Duchess de Berri in the west, 
 39 her descent in France, 41 her 
 landing, 42 abortive attempt at Mai'- 
 seilles, 43 the duchess resolves on 
 crossing to La Vendee, 44 she escapes 
 into it, 45 disquietude and measures 
 of the royalists, 46 vain attempt at 
 insurrection, 47 the duchess resolves 
 on a rising, which fails, 48 incidents 
 of the civil war, 49 adventures of the 
 duchess, and extinction of the revolt, 
 50 the duchess in Nantes, 51 for- 
 bearance of the government towards 
 the adherents of the duchess, 52 
 her betrayal by Deutz, capture, and 
 imprisonment, 53 et seq. discontent 
 and democratic movement in Paris, 
 56- death of Lamarque, 57 his fune- 
 ral, and commencement of the insur- 
 rection, 58 preparations of the gov- 
 ernment, 59 the insurrection, 60 et 
 seq. vigorous measures of govern- 
 ment, 63 mysterious meeting at La- 
 fitte's, 64 progress of the insurrection, 
 65 moral chances on both sides, 66 
 measures and forces of government, 
 67 Soult's military measures, 68 
 successes of the insurgents, and con- 
 sternation of military chiefs, 69 
 forces on both sides, and scene of the 
 struggle, 70 successes of the troops, 
 71 storming of St Meri, 72 conduct 
 of the king, and results of the conflict, 
 73 deputation from the Chamber, 
 74 answer of the king, and Paris de- 
 clared in state of siege, 75 resistance 
 to this, and legal decision regarding it, 
 76 arrest of royalist leaders, 77 
 proceedings of the courts-martial, 78 
 war with the press, 79 increased 
 consideration of the government from 
 the suppression of the revolt, 80 im- 
 proved condition of the country and 
 revenue, 81 connection by marriage 
 of Leopold with, 82 changes in min- 
 istry, and new creations of peers, 83 
 preparations for war with Holland, 
 84 convention with England for ces- 
 sion of Antwerp to Belgium, 85 
 negotiations on the subject, 86 
 preparations for war, 87 prepara- 
 tions for siege of Antwerp, 88 
 the siege of Antwerp, 90 effects of 
 its capture in, 94 abandonment of 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 102 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 France, continued. 
 
 the barrier treaty, 97 additions thus 
 made to her power, 98 vindication 
 of Polignac's coup d'etat, 101 results 
 of the double victory over the royal- 
 ists and republicans, xxx. 1 force 
 and corruption the principle of the 
 government, 2 its general policy, 3 
 its danger in the end, 4 liberation 
 of Duchess de Berri, 5 journey of 
 Duke of Orleans through the south, 6 
 licentiousness of romances and 
 theatres, 7 trial of the St Simonians, 
 8 changes in ministry, and creation of 
 peers, 9 Soult's circular to the pre- 
 fects, 10 state and views of the re- 
 publicans, 11 death of Napoleon's 
 son, 12 opening of Chambers, and 
 king's speech, 13 trials of strength 
 in the Chambers, 14 project for 
 fortification of Paris, 15 opposition 
 to it, 16 large grautsfor public works, 
 and their distribution, 17, 18 in- 
 come and expenditure, 1833, 19 
 king's journey to Normandy, and 
 answers to addresses, 20 new spirit of 
 propagandism, 2 1 remonstrances of 
 Russia, &e., against Polish committee, 
 22 propagandist organisation in Ger- 
 many, 23 efforts of propagandists in 
 Switzerland and Italy, 24 affairs of 
 Algeria, 28 et seq. violence of the 
 press in Paris, 1833 and 1834,31 
 opening of Chambers, 1834, and 
 violence of parties, 32 correspondence 
 with the allies on a general disarming, 
 33 discussion on, at Congress of 
 Muntz-Graetz, 27 laws against public 
 criers, and imposing stamp duty on 
 pamphlets, 34 law against association, 
 35 violent debates on it, 36 et seq. 
 passing of the repressive measures, and 
 changes in cabinet, 40 resistance to 
 the law against secret societies, 41 
 their organisation and objects, 42 
 insurrection resolved on at Lyons, 43 
 its causes, 44 outbreak of the re- 
 volt, 45 desperate struggle, and final 
 success of the troops, 46 insurrec- 
 tionary movements over the country, 
 47 and in Paris, 48 defensive mea- 
 sures of government, 49 their victory, 
 and massacre in the Hue Transnonaine, 
 50 their measures after victory, 51 
 death of Lafayette, 52 rise of La- 
 martine, and his character, 55 dis- 
 solution of the Chamber, and results of 
 the elections, 5(5 results of the re- 
 volution of July, 59 change for the 
 worse it had induced, GO error of the 
 liberal explanation of these changes, 
 61 how the revolution failed, 62 
 
 The Lar 
 
 schism between proprietors and pro- 
 letaires, 63 reasons against Turkey 
 applying for aid to, xxxii. 22 inter- 
 vention of, between Turkey and 
 Egypt, 25 acquiesces in the Russian 
 intervention, 26 remonstrances of, 
 against treaty of Unkiar-Skelessi, 31 
 views and policy of, regarding Greece, 
 33 evacuation of Greece by troops of, 
 38 coldness between, and Russia, 39 
 alliance with Mehemet Ali, ib. 
 jealousy in England regarding this, 40 
 divergence between them on the 
 Eastern question, 41 causes of the 
 coldness between them, 42 in- 
 creasing coldness between Turkey 
 and, 44 efforts of, to avert hostilities 
 between Turkey and Mehemet Ali, 
 46 policy of, in the Eastern question, 
 1839, 55 excluded from treaty for 
 settlement of the East, 57 concilia- 
 tory note of the allies to, 59 extreme 
 irritation in, 60 danger of rupture 
 between her and Great Britain, 61 
 excitement in, on the bombardment 
 of Beyrout, &c, 66 views of Louis 
 Philippe at this crisis, 67 conference 
 between him and Guizot, and its 
 results, 68 change in views and policy 
 
 of, ib note from M. Thiers to the 
 
 allied powers, 69 fall of Thiers and 
 accession of Guizot, 70 terms of 
 treaty between Mehemet Ali and 
 Turkey arranged by, 75 a party to 
 the treaty regarding the Dardanelles 
 and Bosphorus, 76 danger of Eng- 
 land from, in 1840, 81 repeated de- 
 feats of the republicans, xxxiii. 1 
 opening of the Chamber, 1834, and 
 great majority for ministers, 2 minis- 
 terial changes, 3 declaration of the 
 new ministers in favour of economy, 
 4 further changes, and Count Mole 
 premier, 5 fall of new ministry, and 
 restoration of old one, 6 flourishing 
 state of Algiers, 7 first debate on 
 address, 8 majority for ministers in 
 the Chamber, 10 Mortier succeeded 
 by de Broglie as premier, 11 cause of 
 the long ministerial crisis, 12 di- 
 vergence of Thiers and Guizot, 13 
 character of de Broglie, 14 settle- 
 ment of question with the United 
 States, 15 commencement of the 
 trials for treason, 16 effect of mode 
 of trial resolved on, 17 contest with 
 the bar, 18 contest about the choice 
 of counsel, 19 commencement of the 
 proceedings, 20 refusal of the accused 
 to plead, 21 progress of the trial, 22 
 continued disorders, 23 proceed- 
 ings in Deputies on the subject, 24 
 
 ye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 103 
 
 the trials disjoined, and escape of the 
 Parisian leaders, 25 conclusion of the 
 trials, 26 reflections on them, 27 et 
 seq. -fete of July, and conspiracy 
 against the king, 29 explosion of the 
 infernal machine, 30 arrest of the 
 assassin, &c, 31 effect produced by 
 this in Paris, 32 funeral of Mortier 
 and the other victims, 33 execution 
 of the murderers, 34 proposed new 
 law of repression, 35 et seq. answer 
 of the opposition, 39 et seq. laws 
 proposed for this purpose, 43 im- 
 proved position of government in 1 836, 
 45 increased prosperity, and begin- 
 ning of railway mania, 46 fall of the 
 duke de Broglie, 47 proposed reduc- 
 tion of the interest of the debt, 48 
 views of ministers on the subject, and 
 their resignation, 51 Thiers becomes 
 premier, 52 postponement of the 
 question of the reduction of the in- 
 terest, and first trial of strength in the 
 Chambers, 55 Thiers's profession of 
 faith, 56 declaration of Guizot, 57 
 and of Odillon Barrot, 58 legislative 
 measures, 59 important financial 
 statements, 60 negotiations regarding 
 occupation of Cracow, 61 other diplo- 
 matic treaties, 62 journeys of the 
 Dukes of Orleans and Nemours to 
 Berlin and Vienna, 63 Alibaud's 
 attempt to assassinate the king, 64 
 his seclusion in his palace, 66 the 
 secret societies in Switzerland, 67 
 measures against them, 68 the 
 Spanish question and its dangers, 70 
 change of ministry, and accession 
 of Count Mole, 71 liberation of 
 Polignac, &c, 73 death of Charles 
 X., 74 Louis Napoleon's attempt at 
 Strasbourg, 75 et seq. conduct of the 
 government toward him, 80 trial and 
 acquittal of his fellow conspirators, 81 
 law for disjunction of trials, which 
 is rejected, 82 et seq. modification of 
 ministry, 86 alliance arranged for 
 Duke of Orleans, 87 preparations for 
 it, and general amnesty, 88 the mar- 
 riage, and subsequent catastrophe, 89 
 inauguration of Versailles as a palace 
 of the arts, 90 fresh political societies, 
 91 dissolution of the Chamber, 92 
 affairs of Africa, 93 et seq. faults of 
 the government in Africa after the 
 Revolution, 96 increased efforts of, 
 in Algeria, 102 views of parties on 
 Algeria, 106 recriminations on the 
 disaster before Constantine, 112 in- 
 dignation in, on the treaty of La Taf na, 
 118 necessary rigour of the govern- 
 ment of Louis Philippe in, 124 joy 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 in, on the storming of Constantine, 
 VI. xxxiv. 1 fresh creation of peers, 
 2 leaders of opposition, 3 et seq. 
 opening of Chambers, 6 growth of 
 railway companies, 7 M. Arago's 
 report on railway lines, 8 general 
 prosperity, 9 fever of speculation, 10 
 frauds on the public, 11 influence of 
 passion for gain on literature and the 
 press, 12 change induced on system 
 of government, 13 great increase of 
 corruption, 14 position of Count 
 Mole", and his attention to the Court, 
 15 statistics of the army, and social 
 concerns, 16 death and character of 
 Talleyrand, 17 et seq. conspiracy of 
 Hubert, 19 Louis Napoleon expelled 
 from Switzerland, 20 evacuation of 
 Ancona, 21 views of, on the Belgian 
 question, 1838, 24 warlike prepara- 
 tions of, 25 differences with Mexico, 
 27 coalition against government, and, 
 dissolution of Chambers, 32 minis- 
 terial crisis, and attempt to form a 
 liberal administration, 33 attempts to 
 form a ministry, 34 organisation of 
 la Socie"te des Families, 35 insurrec- 
 tion of 12th May, 37 second ministry 
 of Soult, 38 state of parties after this 
 change, 40 trial of Barbes and the 
 conspirators, 41 their conviction and 
 sentences, 42 their views in the con- 
 spiracy, 43 progress of the Napoleon 
 party, 44 increased strength of the 
 government, 45 debate on affairs of 
 the East, 45 et seq. Soult's measures 
 there, 54 Jouffroy's exposition of the 
 system of government, 55 affairs of 
 Africa, 57 their threatening aspect, 
 58 the insurrection there, 59 suc- 
 cesses against it, 60 death of Princess 
 Marie, 61 creation of peers, 62 
 commencement of agitation for lower- 
 ing the suffiage, 63 views of liberals 
 as to government of executive, 64 
 opening of session of 1840, and king's 
 speech, 65 speech of Thiers on the 
 Eastern question, 66 etseq. reflections 
 on this debate, 70 marriage of the 
 Duke de Nemours and Princess of Saxe- 
 Coburg, 71 dotation to Duke de 
 Nemours refused by the Deputies, 72 
 second ministry of Thiers, 73 it 
 supported by first division, 74 early 
 measures of the ministry, 75 state of 
 the press, 76 bill regarding infant 
 labour, 77 project for removing the 
 bones of Napoleon to Paris, 78 pillar 
 to Insurrection on the Place of the 
 Bastile, 79 expedition of Louis Na- 
 poleon to Boulogne, 80 et seq. 
 Darmes' attempt to assassinate the 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 10-t 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 France, continued. 
 king, 85 reinterment of Napoleon's 
 remains, 86 et seq. affairs in the East, 
 89 Guizot's account of British policy 
 there, 90 memorandum of the allies, 
 93 indignation on the treaty of 15th 
 July, 94 vigorous measures of the 
 cabinet, 95 different views as to the 
 fortifying of Paris, 96 great prepara- 
 tions, 97 memorandum to English 
 government, 98 Guizot's views on 
 the Eastern question, 99 withdrawal 
 of the fleet from the Levant, 100 
 cause of the downfall of Thiers, 101 
 new ministry, 102 king's speech at 
 opening the Chamber, 103 debate on 
 
 the address, 104 et seq division in 
 
 favour of government, 110 fortifica- 
 tions of Paris continued, 111 Soidt's 
 view with regard to these, 1 1 2 state 
 of the finances, 113 treaty of February 
 13 regarding the East, 114 danger of 
 England from, xxxvii. 2 commercial 
 panic in, 1838, 44 cause of the decay 
 of her colonies, 114 danger from war 
 with, 1839, xxxviii. 32 her navy, 
 1840, contrasted with the British, 35 
 restrictive system of, 50 proportion 
 of army to population, xxxix. 26 
 intrigues with Zemaun Shah for in- 
 vasion of India, xl. 24 alliance with 
 Persia, 1808, 26 effect of the re- 
 volution in augmenting the danger 
 from Russia in the East, 31 aliena- 
 tion from England, 1841, VII. xli. 15 
 increased irritation of, by the 
 Tahiti affair, 18 consumption of 
 sugar per head, 31 origin of the 
 dispute regarding Tahiti, 97 inter- 
 ference of the French missionaries 
 there, 98 the island taken possession 
 of by her, 99 affair of Mr Pritchard, 
 100 adjustment of the matter, 101 
 negotiations with England on the 
 Spanish marriages, 102 class from 
 which the army is drawn in, xliii. 25 
 army of, 1846, 27 navy, ib. de- 
 tails of her army, 28 note expansion 
 of her paper currency, 111 miles of 
 railway in, 122 note effects of the 
 monetary crisis in England on, 141 
 change in distribution of population, 
 158 increased protective system, 163 
 exports and imports with, 164 note 
 comparative exports of, and those of 
 England, &c, 165 note prosperous 
 condition of, 1841, xliv. 1 great 
 material prosperity, 2 thirst for 
 gain, 3 increasing discontent among 
 the working classes, 4 the de- 
 ficits in the revenue, 5 increasing 
 discontent, 6 trifling subjects of de- 
 
 Tke L 
 
 bate in the Chambers, and serious 
 objects of Thiers, 7 objects of general 
 thought and interest, 8 causes of this 
 divergence, 9 Chamber of Peers 
 afforded no remedy for the evils, 1 
 danger of this state of things, 11 
 mistake committed in the national 
 education, 1 2 its irreligious character 
 induced socialism, 13 blindness of 
 the government, &c. to this, 14 cor- 
 ruption the great engine of govern- 
 ment, 15 efforts of the liberals to 
 discredit the government, 16 Louis 
 Blanc's picture of the country, 17 
 spread of socialist principles, 1 8 want 
 of an adequate currency, 19 general 
 demand for reform, 20 feeling re- 
 garding subserviency to England, 21 
 different objects on which the atten- 
 tion of government was set, 22 posi- 
 tion and movements of the clergy, 23 
 speech of Arago on reform, 24 
 answer of Thiers on reform, 28 re- 
 flections on the debate, 30 succession 
 of reform banquets, 31 banquet at 
 Chatillon, 32 growing importance of 
 the question of wages, 33 speech of 
 Arago on it, 34 et seq. commence- 
 ment of combination and riot in Paris, 
 36 riots in 1840, 37 measures of 
 government to suppress them, 39 
 their causes, 39, 40 effect of the 
 
 general monetary crisis, 41 failure 
 
 of the attempt to form private railway 
 lines, 42 the government takes them, 
 43 state of the finances in conse- 
 quence, 44 et seq. untoward com- 
 mencement of the Guizot ministry, 46 
 treaties with England regarding the 
 slave trade, 48 treaty of Dec. 1841 
 with the allied powers, 49 its pro- 
 visions, 50 indignation excited by 
 this treaty, 51 interdiction of the 
 Polish banquet, 52 publication of 
 letters ascribed to Louis Philippe, 53 
 prosecutions against the publishers 
 of these, 54 ambiguity regarding their 
 authorship, 55 debate on reform and 
 its refusal, 56 law on literary pro- 
 perty, 57 first step in favour of free 
 trade, 58 disastrous state of the 
 finances, 59 proposed new valuation, 
 60 discontent excited by it, 61 
 troubles at Toulouse, 62 their sup- 
 pression, 63 death of Gamier Pages, 
 and election of Ledru llollin, 64 his 
 trial and acquittal, 65 attempted as- 
 sassination of the Duke of Orleans, &c, 
 0'J doctrine of moral complicity, 67 
 debate on reform in the council of 
 state, 68 movement in its favour in 
 the Chamber, 69 debate on it, 70 
 
 urge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 10.' 
 
 et seq. reflections on the debate, 78 
 extension of the railway system, 79 
 close of the session and new elections, 
 80 death of the Due d'Orleans, 81 
 its importance, 82 division of jmrties 
 on the regency question, 83 debate 
 on it, 84 et seq. result of the debate, 
 and reflections on it, 91 sketches of 
 leading men, 92 et seq. corruption of 
 ministerial majority, 104 et seq. de- 
 moralisation of the National Guard, 
 106 resume of state at this time, 107 
 the war in Algeria, 1840-8, xlv. 1 
 et seq. differences and rupture with 
 Marocco, xlv. 33 treaty with Marocco, 
 43 true value of Algeria to, 48 her 
 occupation of it, and the British of 
 India, 49 change in external policy 
 of, during the last years of Louis 
 Philippe's reign, xlvi. 1 excitement 
 on affair of Otaheite, 2 pacific views 
 of the king and Guizot, 3 violence of 
 the public journals, 4 affair of the 
 university, 5 argument of Thiers 
 against the Jesuits, 6 answer of 
 ministers, 8 decision of the Chamber, 
 9 negotiations with Rome, and ordon- 
 nance against the Jesuits, 10 effect 
 of these measures, 11 treaty regard- 
 ing right of search for slaves, 12 ex- 
 citement in, on annexation of Cracow, 
 26 embarrassment of the government 
 on the Polish question, 28 renewed 
 attempt to assassinate the king, 29 
 escape of Louis Napoleon from Ham, 
 30 marriage of the Due de Bordeaux, 
 32 last election under Louis Philippe, 
 33 the Spanish marriages, 34 et 
 seq. danger to England, of alli- 
 ance with Spain, 35 proposals for 
 double marriage from Spain, 38 
 further conferences, 40 further ne- 
 gotiations and intrigues, 41 et seq. 
 the marriages contracted, 46 cold- 
 ness in consequence with Great 
 Britain, 47 its effects, 48, 49 who 
 was to blame in them 1 50 effects of 
 this disunion on Poland, 52 differ- 
 ences on treaty of Utrecht, 53 cordi- 
 ality before the marriages, 54 disac- 
 cord with England regarding Greece, 55 
 increasing coldness with England re- 
 garding Greece, 57, 58 disunion with 
 England regarding Portugal and La 
 Plata, 59 measures and policy of, in 
 the Papal States, 73, 74 policy to- 
 ward Switzerland, 90 supports the 
 Swiss conservatives, 97, 99 a party to 
 the proposed league against England, 
 106 causes of her different policy 
 and that of England in 1847, 109 
 the completeness of the revolution in, 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 110 internal state in end of 1847, 
 xlvii. 1 the Prince de Joinville'a 
 letter, 2 et seq. views of the king, 4 
 deficient crops of 1845 and 1846, 5 
 potato failure, 1846, and monetary 
 crisis, 6 financial state of, 1847, and 
 great loan, 7 enlarged issues of bank- 
 notes, 8 currency, 1846-7, ib. note 
 corruption in the government de- 
 partments, 9 events which brought 
 it to light, 10 further scandals, trials 
 of Teste, &c, 11, 12 the murder of 
 the Duchess de, Praslin, 13, 14 use 
 made of these abuses by the revolu- 
 tionists, 15 cry for reform, 16 dis- 
 content of the National Guard, 17 
 coalition against government, and 
 measures agreed on, 18 commence- 
 ment, &c. of the banquet agitation, 
 1 9 efforts of the liberals to keep back 
 the socialists, 22 Lamartine's views, 
 23 decline of the banquet agitation, 
 24 meeting of Chambers, and king"s 
 speech, 25 discussion on address, 26 
 et gey. last budget of Louis Philippe, 
 39 division on address, 40 opposi- 
 tion resolve on a banquet, 41 agita- 
 tion in Paris, 42 death of the Princess 
 Adelaide, 43 preparations for ban- 
 quet, 44 and for the procession, 45 
 difficulties regarding it, 46 decision 
 of the liberal chiefs against it, 47 
 strength of the republicans, 49 forces 
 and measures of government, 50 
 aspect of the people, 51 policy of the 
 National Guard, 52 they in effect 
 join the insurgents, 53- consternation 
 at the palace, 54 Guizot resigns, 55 
 its reception, 56 catastrophe in 
 front of his house, 57 the dead 
 bodies paraded, 58 Thiers sent for, 
 59 agitation during the night, 60 
 success of Marshal Bugeaud, 61 
 the troops withdrawn, 62 effects of 
 this concession, 63 abandonment of 
 the Palais Royal, 64 last hours of the 
 monarchy, 65 the king abdicates, 66 
 his flight, and pi-oceedings of the 
 generals, 67 escape of the royal 
 family, 68 heroism of the Duchesse 
 d'Orleans, 69 opinion in the Cham- 
 ber, 70 treachery of Lamartine, 71 
 entry of the Duchesse d'Orleans into 
 the Chamber, 72 she is refused a 
 hearing, and compelled to retire, 73 
 nomination of provisional government, 
 74 and of another, and proclamation 
 of republic, 75 portrait of the revolu- 
 tionists, 76 escape of the Duchesse 
 d'Orleans, &c, 77 causes of the re- 
 volution, 78 et seq. analogy between 
 the revolutions of 1830 and 1848, 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 106 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 France, continued. 
 
 VIII. 1. 1 discontent with rule of 
 middle class, 2 first acts of provi- 
 sional government, 3 disorders round 
 Paris, 4 confusion, &c. at the Hotel 
 de Ville, 5 cares of the government, 
 6 disorders in Paris, 7 conduct of 
 Lamartine with regard to the Drapeau 
 Rouge, 8 institution of Garde Mobile 
 and volunteers, 9 decrees against ex- 
 ministers, 10 re-opening of clubs, &c, 
 11 prostration of credit, and forma- 
 tion of Ateliers Nationaux, 12, 13 
 their origin, 14, 15 principles of the 
 Socialists, 16 absence of religious 
 jealousy, 19 socialist demands of 
 working classes, 20 acts against free 
 trade, and expulsion of English work- 
 men, 21 financial crisis, and resigna- 
 tion of the finance minister, 22 
 Gamier Pages, finance minister, and 
 state of the bank, 23 suspension of 
 cash payments, 24 et seq. state of 
 finances, 27 indirect taxes taken off, 
 and additions to direct, 28 indignation 
 at this, 29 decree convoking the As- 
 sembly, 30 it postponed, 31 Ledru 
 Rollin's circular to electors, 32 and 
 Carnot's, 34 fresh measures of inti- 
 midation, 35 abolition of punishment 
 of death for political offences, 36 
 Lamartine's foreign circular, 37 his 
 answer to Irish deputation, 38 dis- 
 orders in Lyons, &c, 40, 41 recep- 
 tion of revolution in Algeria, 41 
 attempt to revolutionise Belgium, 42 
 declaration to Poles, 43 military 
 preparations, 44 suspension of cash 
 payments by savings banks, 45 re- 
 cognition of the republic by the Uni- 
 ted States and Great Britain, 46 new 
 circular of Ledru Rollin, 47 efforts to 
 control the elections, 49 dissolution of 
 flank companies of the National Guard, 
 50 et seq. republican demonstration, 
 52 et seq. repulse of requisitionists, 
 55 elections, 56 preparations for 
 revolt, 57 conspiracy against Ledru 
 Rollin, 58 insurrection at Paris, and 
 its suppression, 59 et seq. disorders 
 at Rouen, &c, 62 great review in 
 Paris, 6 3 the elections, 64 first meet- 
 ing of the Assembly, 65 appoint- 
 ment of executive commission, fi7 
 discontent of the Socialists, 68 divi- 
 sion between them and the Assembly, 
 69 insurrection of May 15, 70 et seq. 
 measures which followed its sup- 
 pression, 74 subsequent proceedings 
 of Assembly, 75 agitation in favour 
 of Louis Napoleon, 76 increasing 
 conservatism of electors, and weakness 
 
 'The Lai 
 
 of government, 77 state of finances, 
 78 insurrection of June, 79 et seq. 
 Cavaignac dictator, 85 termina- 
 tion of insurrection, 93 its results, 
 94 disturbances in provinces, 97 
 first measures of Cavaignac's govern- 
 ment, 98 conclusions from these 
 changes, 99 et seq. the revolutionists 
 punished each other, 101 embarrass- 
 ment of the finances, li. 1 inquiry on 
 the revolts, 2 violence of Proudhon, 
 3 repressive measures, 4 proposed 
 assessment of income, 5 discussion 
 on constitution, 6 et seq. consti- 
 tution adopted, 16 summary of it, 
 17 renewed club agitation, 18 re- 
 turn of Louis Napoleon, and his entry 
 into the Assembly, 19 renewed ban- 
 quet agitation, 20 contest for the 
 presidency, 21 embarrassment from 
 events at Kome, 28 election of presi- 
 dent, 29 ministry, 31 state of fin- 
 ances, 32 failure of indirect taxes 
 and imposts, 33 effects of revolution 
 on universal suffrage, 34 effects of 
 the revolution upon Italy, lii. 3 re- 
 volutionary attempt on Savoy from, 
 30 protest by, against the Austrian 
 occupation of Bologna, 77 the min- 
 ister of, opposes resumption of hostili- 
 ties by Sardinia, 84 negotiates the 
 armistice, 98 intervention of, at Leg- 
 horn, 104 assistance to the Sicilians 
 from, 106 the government resolve to 
 attack Pome, 111 et seq. intervention 
 of, in favour of the Italian revolution- 
 ists, 122 invasion of Belgium from, 
 and its defeat, liii. 17 sides with 
 England regarding the Hungarian 
 refugees, lvi. 56 part taken by, in the 
 affair of Don Pacifico, 57 danger of 
 war with, 58 naval strength of, ] 850, 
 60 the representative of, at Welling- 
 ton's funeral, 77 state of govern- 
 ment after the election of the presi- 
 dent, lvii. 1 formation of army of 
 the Alps, 2 divisions and changes in 
 cabinet, 3 appointment of vice-presi- 
 dent, 4 state of finances, and debate 
 on salt duties, 5 increased duty on 
 successions, 6 -financial state, 1848 
 and 1849, 7 laws regarding prison 
 labour, 8 measures on primary edu- 
 cation and the council of state, 9 
 reaction against the revolution and 
 the Assembly, 10 proposed dissolu- 
 tion of the latter, 11 conspiracy of 
 January 29, 12 et seq. the general 
 election in May, 14 meeting of the 
 Assembly, 15 insurrection of June, 
 16 et seq. flight of the Radicals, and 
 repressive measures of government, 
 
 'je Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 107 
 
 18 revolt in Lyons, 19 change of 
 ministers, 20 impression made by 
 this, 21 measures of Louis Napoleon, 
 22 election in Paris, 23 its effects, 
 24 meeting of Louis Napoleon 
 with the electors, 25 new law on 
 electoral rights, 26 effect of it, 27 
 hostile spirit of the Assembly, 28 
 president's tour in the provinces, 29 
 - parliamentary coalition against him, 
 30 rupture between president and 
 Changarnier, 31 opening of new 
 session of Assembly, 32 rupture b*e- 
 tween it and the president, 33 vio- 
 lent proceedings in it, 34 hostile 
 vote against him, 35 change of 
 ministry and exhaustion of parties, 
 36 new ministry, 37 revision of 
 constitution, 38 the president and 
 Cavaignac on it, 39 vote against 
 revision of constitution, and proroga- 
 tion of Assembly, 40 state of parties 
 and change of ministry, 41 opening 
 
 , of session, 42 motion of qusestors, 
 43 it rejected, 44 views of leaders, 
 45 military meeting, 46 conspiracy 
 in Assembly, 47 preparations for 
 coup d'etat, 48 president's proclama- 
 tion, 49 dispersion of National As- 
 sembly, 50 combat in Paris, 51 
 majority for Louis Napoleon, 52 
 final results of the great convulsion 
 in, 54 et seq. diminished increase in 
 population of, 59. 
 
 France, Isle of, residence, &c. of Villele 
 in, II. xi. 10 note. 
 
 Franchise, peculiar, established in France 
 and England by the revolution of 
 1830, I. i. 7 the, change in, in France, 
 and effects of it, vi. 1 its democratic 
 basis, 2 as defined by the Spanish 
 constitution of 1812, II. vii. 21 in 
 France under the Restoration, III. 
 xvii. 114, 133 influence of the low, 
 in Ireland, IV. xx. 9 terms of, as 
 arranged for the reform bill, xxiii. 30 
 admission of tenants-at-will to, 76 
 settlement of, in Ireland by the re- 
 form bill, 116 as regulated by con- 
 stitution of 1830 in France, xxiv. 43 
 demands of Lafayette regarding, 
 xxv. 15 lowering of, under Louis 
 Philippe, 49 effects of this, V. xxx. 
 60 commencement of agitation for 
 lowering the, in France, VI. xxxiv. 63 
 proposed reduction of, in Ireland, 
 xxxviii. 41 extension of, in Belgium, 
 1848, VIII. liii. 17 Holland, by con- 
 stitution of 1848, 19 the Prussian, 
 by constitution of 184S, 29, 62 new 
 form of, in Prussia, 87 in Hungary, 
 liv. 16 the proposed, in Austria, 17 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 bill lowering the, in Ireland, lvi. 
 62. 
 
 Francis II., the emperor, a party to the 
 Holy Alliance, I. iii. 5 1 arrival of, at 
 Aix-la-Chapelle, vi. ' 62 at the Con- 
 gress of Troppau, II. viii. 70 at that 
 of Laybacb, 72 measures of, against 
 the Piedmontese insurgents, 81 re- 
 cognition of Louis Philippe by, IV. 
 xxiv. 49 at the Congress of Muntz- 
 Graetz, V. xxx. 25 -death of, xxvii. 55. 
 
 Francis Joseph, accession of, VIII. liv. 
 76 proclamation by, lv. 1 declared 
 Viceroy of Bohemia, liv. 10 joins the 
 army, lv. 55. 
 
 Francis, Sir Philip, death and character 
 of, I. iv. 51. 
 
 Francisco, don, marriage of, to the 
 Queen of Spain, VII. xlvi. 46 aliena- 
 tion of the queen from, 60. 
 
 Francois, general, during the insurrec- 
 tion of June, VIII. 1. 87. 
 
 Frankfort - on - the - Maine, contributions 
 from France to, I. iii. 48 note popu- 
 lation of, V. xxvii. 83 reciprocity 
 treaty with, III. xix. 29 note fixed 
 as the meeting-place of the Germanic 
 Diet, V. xxvii. 4 representation of, 
 in the Diet, 4 note population and 
 military contingent, 5 note progress 
 of, since the peace, 7 suppression of 
 newspaper in, 48 riot in, and its oc- 
 cupation by the Austrian?, 51 fresh 
 riot in, and placed under martial law, 
 53 society for liberty of the press at, 
 xxx. 23 outbreak at, ib. statistics of, 
 VIII. liii. 5 note excitement in, on the 
 French revolution of 1848, 20 meet- 
 ing of the Germanic Diet at, 32 out- 
 break in, 65 combat in, 66 accepts 
 the Germanic constitution of 1848, 77 
 removal of National Assembly from, 
 79 meeting of the old Diet at, 94. 
 
 Franklin, Dr, intimacy of Huskisson 
 with, III. xix. 19 note and the 
 Maine boundary question, VII. xli. 89. 
 
 Franks, colonel, at Goojerat, VIII. xlix. 
 104. 
 
 Fraser, captain, wounded at Purwan- 
 duriah, VI. xl. 92. 
 
 Fraser's Magazine, I. v. 43 opposes the 
 reform bill, IV. xxiii. 71. 
 
 Fraud, universality of, among function- 
 aries in Russia, II. viii. 50 et seq. 
 
 Frauds, extension of facilities for, dur- 
 ing railway mania, VII. xlii. 6. 
 
 Fraysaenous, count, appointed to mini- 
 stry of ecclesiastical affairs, II. xii. 
 120 minister of ecclesiastical affairs, 
 III. xvi. 10. 
 
 Frederick the Great, Jomini's Life of, III. 
 xviii. 45. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 108 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Frederick VII., accession of, in Denmark, 
 VIII. liii. 34 bis views on the 
 Schleswig question, 517 protests 
 against the Prussian invasion, 37 
 armistice, 42. 
 
 Frederick, prince,at Vicenza, VIII. Hi. 57. 
 
 Frederick, prince, receives the command 
 against Brussels, IV. xxiv. 77 his 
 attack on it, 78- defeated and re- 
 treats to Antwerp, 79. 
 
 Frederick, prince, heads the Schleswig 
 revolt, VIII. liii. 36. 
 
 Frederick, general, wounded during the 
 revolt at St Petersburg, II. viii. 123. 
 
 Frederick William, King of the Nether- 
 lands, negotiations of the insurgents 
 with, IV. xxiv. 74 his speech on 
 opening the Chambers, 76 his de- 
 thronement declared in Brussels, 79 
 resolution of, to withstand the cession 
 of Luxembourg, xxv. 65 protests 
 against its cession, 67, 68 declares 
 war, 69 forces under, 7 successes of, 
 71 armistice concluded on the inter- 
 vention of the French, 73 advantages 
 gained by him, 75. See Holland. 
 
 Frederick William II. and Chateaubriand, 
 anecdote of, II. xi. 6 note. 
 
 Frederick William III., a party to the 
 Holy Alliance, I. iii. 51 arrival of, at 
 Aix-la-Chapelle, vi. 62 interview be- 
 tween, and Alexander, II. viii. 64 
 recognition of Louis Philippe by, IV. 
 xxiv. 50 at Congress of Miinschen- 
 gratz, V. xxvii. 52 death of, 62 his 
 testament, ib. note. 
 
 Frederick William IV., accession of, and 
 his first acts, V. xxvii. 62 his answer 
 to the demand for a constitution, 63 
 speech of, on the inauguration of 
 the cathedral of Cologne, 68 at the 
 general meeting of estates, 69 his 
 speech on dismissing them, 70 con- 
 cessions of, 71 declines to interfere 
 against the Puritan party, 73 visit of 
 Queen Victoria to, 74 and note mea- 
 sures of, to calm the religious excite- 
 ment of 1846, 75 speech of, on open- 
 ing the States-general, 73 at the 
 Congress of Muntz-Graetz, xxx. 25 
 proclamation by, 1848, VIII. liii. 23 
 yields to the demands of the liberals, 
 
 25 - new constitution, 28 e t seq 
 
 change in views of, 45 proclamation 
 regarding Posen, and insurrection 
 there, 48 measures to arrest the 
 revolution, 52 appoints Wrangel to 
 command of the troops, 53 change 
 of ministry, 55 further measures, 56, 
 57 dissolves the Assembly, 58 his 
 victory, 61 new constitution, 62 
 address to the troops, 63 the imperial 
 
 The L 
 
 crown offered to, 74 he refuses it, 75 
 note from Austria to, 76 the smaller 
 states urge him to accept the imperial 
 crown, 77 dissolves the new Chamber, 
 86 new electoral law, 87 speech to 
 new Chamber, 88 attempt to assassi- 
 nate, 91 views of, at the Warsaw 
 conference, 92. 
 
 Frederick William, prince, at the Con- 
 gress of Troppau, II. viii. 70. 
 
 Frederick William of Hessc-Cassel, made 
 co-regent with his brother, IV. xxv. 33. 
 
 Fredericia, defeats of the Prussians at, 
 VIII. liii. 96. 
 
 Frederickstadt, bombardment of, VIII. 
 liii. 102. 
 
 Free Bands, attack on Lucerne by the, 
 VII. xlvi. 63. 
 
 Free cities, the, effect of the act of the 
 Germanic Diet on, V. xxvii. 34. 
 
 Free corps, the, in the Tyrol, VIII. Iii. 
 34 their defeat, 35. 
 
 Free countries, character stamped on 
 literature of, V. xxviii. 1. 
 
 'Free Kirk movement, the, in Scotland, 
 VI. xxxvii. 73 et seq. effects of it, 75 
 reflections on it, 76. 
 
 Free-labour sugar, proposed reduction 
 of duties on, VII. xli. 106 reduction 
 of duty on, 1845, xlii. 15. 
 
 Free press, alleged danger to the crown 
 from, IV. xxiii. 52. 
 
 Free trade, the true authors of, I. i. 51 
 Brougham on, iv. 24 doctrine of, 
 first broached in parliament, II. x. 64 
 applications of, to raw material, III. 
 xix. 51 further measures toward, 
 1825, 76 remote cause of, IV. xxi. 17 
 arguments for the application of, to 
 corn, 34 effects of reform in induc- 
 ing, 169 its effects on Ireland, 170 
 influence of, on the Tory landholders, 
 xxii. 6 motion by Mr Hunt against, 
 xxiii. 97- establishment of, among the 
 states of Germany, V. xxvii. 41 in- 
 ternal, established in Prussia, 43 
 establishment of. between England and 
 Turkey, 42 effects of establishment 
 of, on Canada, VI. xxxvii. 113 de- 
 claration of Peel against, 1 841 . xxxviii. 
 45 and of Palmerston in favour of, 
 49 excitement in favour of, 1841, 56 
 Peel's change of view on, VI 1. xli. 2 
 first steps to, as regards sugar, 106 
 arguments of the supporters of, 
 1845, xlii. 33 application of, to 
 grain inevitable, 36 conduct of the 
 Irish members in supporting, and its 
 effects on Ireland. 91 its adoption 
 inevitable, 94 vast results of intro- 
 duction of, xliii. 1 alleged effect of, 
 in producing the crisis of 1847, 111 
 
 urge Roman numerals refer to the Volume)
 
 INDEX. 
 
 109 
 
 and fettered currency, dangers of, 142, 
 144 the monetary crisis of 1847 due 
 to them, 143, 150 ultimate effects of, 
 irrespective of the currency, 154 - 
 commencement of national decline 
 with, 159 at first induces cheap and 
 ultimately dear food, 160 was forced 
 upon Sir II. Peel, 161 effects of it on 
 national progress and independence, 
 162 its effects to be judged before 
 1852, 1 65 first step toward, in France, 
 xliv. 58 approaches to, in Tuscany, 
 xlvi. 69 acts of the provisional 
 government of France against, VIII. 
 1. 21 necessity for its universal ex- 
 tension, lvi. 1 effects of, on prices 
 and imports of grain, 5 effects of, on 
 price of foreign grain, 20 motion in 
 parliament on, 26 et seq. result of 
 debate, 31 its effects how modified, 
 32- cry for, induced by rise of prices, 
 lvii. 61. See also Corn laws. 
 
 Free-trade measures, influence of the, 
 as regards the depopulation of Ireland, 
 VII. xliii. 48. 
 
 Free-trade policy, results of the intro- 
 duction of, in Great Britain, I. i. 10. 
 
 Free-trade system, danger arising from 
 the, in Great Britain, I. i. 28 effects 
 of the introduction of, on Russia, II. 
 viii. 53 commencement of the, III. 
 xix. 36 arguments in its favour, 37 
 et seq. indication thus afforded of 
 growth of commercial class, 41 ai'gu- 
 meuts against it, 42 its results as 
 shown by experience, 47 introduced 
 with reference to silk trade, 49 in- 
 fluence of, in leading to repeal of the 
 corn laws, VII. xlii. 89 influence of 
 the, on British shipping, VIII. lvi. 17 
 and note. 
 
 Free-traders, the, arguments of, on the 
 agricultural distress question, II. x. 
 72 et seq. advocate the abandonment 
 of the colonies, IV. xxiii. 1 49 exulta- 
 tion of, on Sir R. Peel's measure, VII. 
 xlii. 56 oppose the Irish coercion 
 bill, 81 -oppose Mr Fielden's factory 
 bill, xliii. 89 attitude of, 1852, VIII. 
 lvi. 25 their arguments, 26. 
 
 Freedom, disastrous effects of the re- 
 volution of 1843 on, I. i. 24 sympathy 
 in England with all struggles for, II. 
 xii. 3 influence of the passion for, in 
 promoting the dispersion of man, III. 
 xiii. 2 effects of the treason of the 
 French troops to Charles X. on the 
 cause of, xvii. 107 amount of, in 
 France under the Restoration, 113 
 the desire of, not the spring of the 
 revolution, 117 influence of religion 
 on, in England, 121 effects of the 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 murder of Kotzebue on, V. xxvii. 26 
 effect of the act of the Germanic con- 
 federacy on, 34 ultimate effect of the 
 Prussian reforms on, 44 -effect of the 
 French revolution in checking it in 
 Germany, 45 effect of the revolu- 
 tionary war in increasing the passion 
 for, in Germany, 81 and of general 
 education, 82 effects of the Germanic 
 confederacy on the progress of, 94 
 causes which shipwrecked it in Ger- 
 many, 97 class government destruc- 
 tive of, xxx. 62 effects of long- 
 continued, in England, xxxi. 63 
 causes of the failure of the efforts of, 
 in Germany, 1848, VIII. liii. 104 et 
 seq. final results of French revolution 
 to, lvii. 54 et seq. over-estimate of 
 capacity of nations for, 68. See also 
 Liberty. 
 
 Freedom of corporations, abolition of, 
 VI. xxxvi. 7. 
 
 Freedom of the pi - ess, partial restoration 
 of the, in Frauce, I. iii. 17 demands 
 of the estates of Prussia for, V. xxvii. 
 74 society for establishing, in France, 
 xxx. 41 establishment of, in India, 
 VI. xl. 14 reflections on it, 15. See 
 also Press. 
 
 Freedom of thought, passion for, in 
 France, II. xi. 26. 
 
 Freeholds, number and value of, in Ire- 
 land, IV. xx. 9 and note multiplica- 
 tion of small, there, xxi. 112. 
 
 Freeman tie, Sir T., secretary of Treasury, 
 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Freemasons, democratic tendency of the, 
 in Spain, II. vii. 92 conspiracy headed 
 in Poland by the, III. xv. 20. 
 
 Freemasons' societies, suppression of, in 
 Russia, II. viii. 90. 
 
 Freemen, proposed extinction of the, 
 
 VI. xxxvi. 10, 11 arguments against 
 it, 12 et seq. it prevented by the 
 Lords, 15. 
 
 Freiligrath, the poems of, V. xxviii. 35. 
 
 French, the, changeable disposition, &c. 
 of, I. iii. 2 their system of govern- 
 ment in Egypt, V. xxxii. 4 their 
 stationary condition in Lower Canada, 
 
 VII. xli. 96. 
 
 French domination, reaction against, on 
 
 the Continent, I. i. 1. 
 French drama, Lessing's criticisms on the, 
 
 V. xxviii. 7 character of, 72. 
 French missionaries, proceedings and 
 
 interference of, in Tahiti, VII. xli. 98. 
 French nobility, contrast between their 
 
 conduct and that of the English, V. 
 
 xxxi. 6. 
 French officers, large employment of 
 
 by Runjeet Singh, VI. xl. 39. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 110 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 French party, majority obtained by the, 
 in the Canadian Assembly, VI. xxxvii. 
 111. 
 
 French and German philosophy, contrast 
 between, V. xxviii. 62. 
 
 French physicians, heroism of, during 
 the yellow fever at Barcelona, II. xi.43. 
 
 French propagandists, efforts of the, in 
 Switzerland and Italy, V. xxx. 24. 
 
 French Revolution, the, completion of 
 its first drama, I. i. 1 opening of 
 the second, 2 the true authors of, 
 51 Thiers* History of, III. xvii. 12 
 the first, Earl Grey's defence of, 
 IV. xxiii. 7 its influence on the re- 
 form question, 52 the reform bill a 
 result of it, 120 objects to which 
 directed, xxiv. 1 its failure, 2 
 results of its infidelity, V. xxxiii. 
 125 its final results, VIII. lvii. 54 
 et seq. 
 
 French revolution of 1830, causes which 
 predisposed to, I. i. 5 its influence 
 on Great Britain, 6 influence of it 
 on the elections of 1830 in England, 
 IV. xxii. 45, 56, 57 the royal speech 
 on it, 71 impetus to the reform pas- 
 sion given by it, xxiii. 133 objects to 
 which directed, xxiv. 1 influence of 
 it in Belgium, 71 and in Germany, 
 81 review of its influence, 90- its 
 influence on the revenue, xxv. 35, 36 
 Casimir Perier on it, 52 influence 
 of it on the nobility, 104, 105 and in 
 Poland, xxvi. 13 great effect of, in 
 checking freedom in Germany, V. 
 xxvii. 45 its disastrous effects there, 
 89 its effects on the condition and 
 morals of the working classes, xxix. 6 
 its results to, 1834, xxx. 59 change 
 for the worse it had induced, 60 
 error of the liberal explanation of 
 this, 61 how it failed, 62 schism 
 induced between proprietors and pro- 
 letaires, 63 influence of it in Switzer- 
 land, VII. xlvi. 90 disappointment 
 from it, xlvii. 1 analogy between, and 
 1848, VIII. 1. 1. 
 French revolution of 1848, the, I. i. 16 
 ct seq. its effects in Europe, 18 
 effects of it on Great Britain, in aggra- 
 vating the monetary crisis, VII. xliii. 
 118 diminished exports to, 1846-9, 
 ib. note on the Glasgow outbreak of 
 1848, 127 and in Germany, VIII. 
 liii. 1, 16, 20 effects of the news of, 
 in Vienna, liv. 1 in Hungary and 
 Bohemia, ?! ct seq. 
 French revolutions of 1830 and 1848, 
 
 increase of Russia from, I. i. 13. 
 French silks, cheapness, &c. of, III. xix. 
 48. 
 
 French wines, reduction of duties on, 
 
 1825, III. xix. 70 note. 
 Frew, ensign, at the assault of Ghuznee, 
 
 VI. xl. 71 note. 
 Freyre, general, measures of, against the 
 insurgents at Cadiz, II. vii. 65, 66 
 proceedings of, at Cadiz, 74 conspi- 
 racy under, in Portugal in 1817 95. 
 Fribourg, society for liberty of the press 
 at, V. xxx. 23 protest by, against 
 the suppression of the convents, VII. 
 xlvi. 92 a member of the Sunder- 
 bund, 94 capture of, by the revolu- 
 tionists, 103. 
 Fridrichs, colonel, operations under, 
 
 III. xv. 94. 
 Friends of the Constitution, society of 
 
 the, in Spain, II. xi. 49. 
 Friends of Ireland, the society of, IV. 
 xxii. 58 put down by proclamation, 
 95. 
 Frimont, general, operations of, against 
 the revolution at Naples, II. viii. 77 
 suppression of insurrection in Bologna 
 by, IV. xxv. 27,28 occupies Bologna, 
 v. xxix. 27. 
 Frioce, M. de, the writings of, I. vi. 9. 
 Frith, major, in battle before Prome, 
 VI. xxxix. 69 at battle of Milloon, 71. 
 Frome, member given to, IV. xxiii. 42 
 
 note. 
 Frondeville, the marquis de, on the law 
 
 against seditious cries, I. iii. 72. 
 Frost, Mr John, the leader of the Char- 
 tists at Newport, VI. xxxvii. 68 his 
 trial and sentence, 69 his conduct 
 on returning from transportation, ib. 
 note. 
 Frost, severity of the, in Great Britain, 
 
 1838, VI. xxxvii. 36. 
 Fullerton, lord, supports right of able- 
 bodied poor to relief, VII. xlii. 29 note. 
 Fulton, first application of steam to 
 
 navigation by, I. v. 3 note. 
 Funds, the, rise of, in 1817 and 1818, I. 
 iv. 31 fall in, on the resumption of 
 cash payments, II. x. 23 reduction 
 of the five per cents, 146 price of, 
 1824, III. xix. 12 reduction of the 
 four per cents, 13 high price of, 1824, 
 64 fall in. 1825, 82 reduction of the 
 four per cents, 1S30, IV. xxii. 34 
 transfers in, proposed duty on, xxiii. 
 29 note the French, fall in, after the 
 revolution of 1^30, xxv. 19, 38 rise 
 in, after suppression of revolt of St 
 Men, V. xxix. 81 and in 1836, xxxiii. 
 46 votes of Chambers on reduction 
 of interest on, 1837, VI. xxxiv. 6 
 rise in, 1838, 91837-41, 10 note fall 
 of, during the Eastern crisis, 98 the 
 English, rise in, 1S34, xxxv. 13 re- 
 
 Tlie Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Ill 
 
 duction of the four per cents, ib. rise 
 in, on announcement of the income 
 tax, VII. xli. 49 high rate of the 
 British, 1844, and conversion of the 
 three and a half per cents, 103 fall 
 in, 1847, xliii. 73 investments of 
 the Emperor of Russia in, 99 con- 
 tinued fall, 1847, 100, 101 losses on, 
 during crisis of 1847, 115 fall of, 
 in Paris, 1848, VIII. 1. 12. 
 
 Fundholders, Mr Attwood on the posi- 
 tion of the, V. xxxi. 56. 
 
 Fusseli, a Chartist, trial and sentence of, 
 VII. xliii. 137. 
 
 Futteh Jung, accession of, in Affghanis- 
 tan, VIII. xlviii. 82 his dethrone- 
 ment and flight to the English, 87 
 note brief sovereignty of, 100. 
 
 Futteh Khan, treachery and death of, 
 VI. xl. 36. 
 
 G 
 
 Gaeta, flight of the Pope'to, VIII. lii. 81. 
 
 Gage, Sir W., a lord of the admiralty, 
 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Gagern, M. von, VIII. liii. 33 president 
 of the Diet, 43, 46 ministry of, 69 
 conduct toward Austria, 72. 
 
 Gagern, general von, murder of, VIII. 
 liii. 43. 
 
 Gain, passion for, in France, 1838, VI. 
 xxxiv. 10 its effects on literature and 
 the press, 12 absorbing passion for, 
 during railway mania, VII. xlii. 3, 4 
 universal passion for, in France, xliv. 3 
 
 Galata,the suburb of, III. xiii. 40 great 
 fire at, xiv. 85 school for Franks esta- 
 blished at, V. xxxii. 53. 
 
 Galatz, exports of grain from, III. xiii. 
 21 revolt of the Greeks and massacre 
 of the Turks at, xiv. 16 defeat of the 
 Greek insurgents at, 31 capture of, 
 by the Russians, xv. 31. 
 
 Gallois, general, operations under, in 
 Africa, VI. xxxiv. 58. 
 
 Galiano, a member of the Cortes of 1822, 
 II. xi. 51 moves the deposition of 
 the king, xii. 78. 
 
 Galicia, insurrection in, II. vii. 69 
 royalist revolt in, 1820, 80, xi. 48, 58 
 reception of the decree against the 
 priests in, vii. 89 continued civil war 
 in, xii. 83. 
 
 Galicia (Austrian Poland), see Gallicia. 
 
 Galiote, post of the, captured by the in- 
 surgents, 1832, V. xxix. 65. 
 
 Galley-slaves, liberation of, by the Pal- 
 ermo revolutionists, II. vii. Ill re- 
 volt of, at Civita Vecchia, 117. 
 
 Gallicia, defensive preparations of 
 Austria in, IV. xxv. 30 spread of the 
 secret societies to, xxvi. 12 prepara- 
 tions of Austria in, 1831, 28 statistics 
 of, 43 retreat of Dwernicki into, 69 
 and of the Podolian insurgents, 70 
 their disarming there, 92 state of, 
 under Austria, 1845, VII. xlvi. 15 
 disputes about the corv<5es, 16 spread 
 
 (he Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 of socialism, 17 injurious influence of 
 the Jews, 18 and of the disbanded 
 soldiers, 19 the insurrection in, 20 
 et seq its horrors, 22. 
 
 Gallipoli,'population of, III. xiii. 32 note. 
 
 Gallitzin, Prince Alexander, II. viii. 131. 
 
 Galloway, major-general, at the siege of 
 Bhurtpore, VI. xxxix. 83. 
 
 Galtelli, a Roman revolutionist, VIII. lii. 
 81. 
 
 Galway, the famine of 1823 in, II. x. 122 
 note disturbances in, 1831, IV. xxiii. 
 72 increase of, since the Union, V. 
 xxxi. 124 note proposed municipal 
 reform of, VI. xxxvi. 33 proclaimed 
 in 1848, VII. xliii. 138. 
 
 Gamboldo, defeat of the Sardinians at, 
 VIII. lii. 91. 
 
 Gamboloito, combat at, VIII. lii. 75. 
 
 Game laws, the, as a source of crime, I. 
 iv. 83. 
 
 Gamelle, secret society called, V. xxx. 
 42 note. 
 
 Gandja, capture of, by the Russians, III. 
 xiii. 70. 
 
 Ganges Canal, the, VIII. xlix. 113 note. 
 
 Gantheaume, admiral, made member of 
 Chamber of Peers, I. iii. 20. 
 
 Garabats, hospitality of the, in Algeria, 
 V. xxx. 30. 
 
 Gai*ay, Don Martin de, heads revolt in 
 Navarre, II. vii. 69. 
 
 Garde Mobile, institution of the, VIII. 
 1. 9 on the revolt of March, 59, 60 
 during the revolt of 15th May, 71 
 during the insurrection of June, 83 
 cruelty of the insurgents of June to, 
 95 discontent of, lvii. 13. 
 
 Garibaldi, forces under, VIII. lii. 75, 76 
 incursion of, into Lombardy, and its 
 defeat, 77 return of, to Rome, 83- 
 heads the insurgents at Rome, 110 
 moves against the Neapolitans, 113 
 defensive preparations, 115 his flight, 
 116 dispersion of his bauds, and his 
 escape, 117. 
 
 to (he Paragraph.
 
 112 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Gamier Pages, see Pages. 
 
 Garotti, Don Nicolas, becomes minister 
 of justice, II. xi. 52. 
 
 Garter, investiture of Louis Philippe with 
 the, VII. xli. 118. 
 
 Gas, joint-stock companies for, 1825, III. 
 xix. 66 note. 
 
 Gasco, a leader in the Cortes of 1820, II. 
 vii. 84 becomes minister of the inte- 
 rior, xl. 69. 
 
 Gascoigne, general, vote of, on the ad- 
 dress, 1830, IV. xxii. 25 returned for 
 Liverpool, 1830, 57 motion by, 
 against the reform bill, xxiii. 58 
 thrown out for Liverpool, 1831, 68 
 his amendment introduced into new 
 reform bill, 93. 
 
 Gaskill, J. M., a lord of the Treasury, 
 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Gasparin, M. de, becomes minister of in- 
 terior, V. xxxiii. 71 note removed 
 from that office, 86 again minister of 
 the interior, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 33 note. 
 
 Gasser, captain, VIII. lii. 29. 
 
 Gassicourt, M., views of, in 1819, II. ix. 
 27. 
 
 Gates of Derbend, pass of the, III. xiii. 
 61. 
 
 Gateshead, member given to, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Gatton, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Gatz, general, VIII. lv. 29 defeat and 
 death of, 30. 
 
 Gaugieux, M., on the labour question, 
 VII. xliv. 33. 
 
 Gaul, persistent character of the, I. i. 60. 
 
 Gaul under the Romans, Thierry's, III. 
 xviii. 30. 
 
 Gautier, M., finance minister, 1839, VI. 
 xxxiv. 33 note. 
 
 Gazan, general, dismissed from service, 
 III. xvi. 13. 
 
 Gazette des Cultes, circulation of the, 
 III. xvii. 19 note. 
 
 Gazette de France, the, circulation of, 
 
 III. xvii. 19 note extension of suffrage 
 advocated by, VI. xxxiv. 63 pub- 
 lication of alleged letters by Louis 
 Philippe in, VII. xliv. 53 prose- 
 cution of it for this, 54 suppression 
 of, VIII. li. 6. 
 
 Gazette de Prusse, the, V. xxvii. 71. 
 
 Gefion frigate, capture of the, VIII. liii. 
 95 recaptured, 101. 
 
 Gcismar, general, forces and operations 
 under, 1828, III. xv. 47 defeat of, by 
 Pacha of Widdin, 63 defeats him and 
 takes Kalafat, ib. forces under, 1829, 
 112 measures of, against the Pacha of 
 Scodra, 139 operations of, in Poland, 
 
 IV. xxvi. 47 defeats of, by Dwernicki, ' 
 53 defeat of, before Warsaw, 61. 
 
 The La 
 
 General Association, formation of the, in 
 Ireland, VI. xxxvi. 44. 
 
 Generals, meeting of, in support of Louis 
 Napoleon, VIII. lvii. 46. 
 
 Geneva, vote of, on the Jesuit question 
 and the Suuderbund, VII. xlvi. 95. 
 
 Geneva, increased consumpt of, during 
 railway mania, VII. xlii. 8 note pro- 
 posed reduction of duties on, 49. 
 
 Genevois, the duke de, becomes king of 
 Sardinia, II. viii. 84. 
 
 Genie du Christianisme, Chateaubriand's, 
 II. xi. 6 note, III. xviii. 8. 
 
 Genoa, the duke de, elected king of 
 
 Sicily, VIII. lii. 21 declines, ib 
 
 forces under, &c., 25 besieges Pes- 
 chiera, 49 at Goito, 52 operations 
 under, 68 at Novara, 93, 94. 
 
 Genoa, strength of the revolutionary 
 spirit in, II. viii. 81 death of O'Connell 
 at, VII. xli. 75 reception of Lord 
 Miuto at, xlvi. 78 democratic excite- 
 ment in, 1848, VIII. lii. 2 insurrec- 
 tion in, 101 its suppression, 102 
 system of prison labour in, lvii. 8. 
 
 Genoa, the, at Navarino, III. xiv. 160, 
 161,162, 163. 
 
 Gentz, M., at the Congress of Troppau, 
 
 II. viii. 70. 
 
 Gentleman's Magazine, the, I. v. 42. 
 
 Geoiffeux, colonel, murder of, II. xi. 71. 
 
 Geoffrey, circumstances connected with 
 trial of, V. xxix. 78. 
 
 Geology, recent progress of, I. v. 41. 
 
 George III., death of, II. x. 38 impres- 
 sion made by it on the country, 39 
 library of, presented to the nation, 
 
 III. xix. 15. 
 
 George IV., while prince regent, open- 
 ing of parliament in 1817 by, I. iv. 11 
 attack on him by the mob, ib. on 
 Lord Sidmouth, II. x. 33 accession of, 
 38 alarming illness of, 41 the cir- 
 cumstances of his marriage to Queen 
 Caroline, 76 her after life, 77 c* seq. 
 he presses for a divorce, 78, 79 
 conditions demanded by, with regard 
 to the queen, 83 her trial, S4 in- 
 creasing popularity of, and his corona- 
 tion, 106, 107 his appearance on the 
 occasion, 108 visit of, to Ireland, 110 
 visit of, to Scotland, 1822, \52et seq. 
 speech of, on opening parliament, 
 1823, xii. 29 views of, on the Spanish 
 war, 67 presentation of the library 
 of George III. to the nation by, lit. 
 xix. 15 his personal dislike to Can- 
 ning, 17 speech of, July 1825, 79 
 speech of, in parliament, 1826, IV. xxi. 
 3 opening of parliament, and hi.-; 
 speech, 46 message regarding Portu- 
 gal, 48 his dislike to Canning, but ap- 
 
 rge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 113 
 
 points him premier, 64 new ministry, 
 66 Goderich appointed premier after 
 Canning's death, 91 -the royal speech 
 on Navarino, 98 urges decided 
 measures against the Catholics, 121 
 his firmness on the subject, 123 diffi- 
 culties of the ministry with, on the 
 Catholic question, 127 at last gives 
 in, ib. account of the discussion to 
 Lord Eldon, ib. note his speech on 
 opening parliament, 128 reluctance 
 of, to the Catholic bill after it is passed, 
 150 circumstances of his consent to 
 bring in the bill, ib. note royal speech 
 of, at meeting of parliament, 1830, xxii. 
 20 last illness and death of, 45 -his 
 character as given by opposite parties, 
 46 great events of his reign, 47 his 
 talents, 48 his failings and vices, 49 
 the marriage of, to Mrs Fitzherbert, 
 VI. xxxvi. 77. 
 
 George XIII., prince of Georgia, bequest 
 of his dominions to Russia by, III. 
 xiii. 69. 
 
 George, a Moldavian leader, III. xiv. 33. 
 
 George, an American sympathiser, exe- 
 cution of, VI. xxxvii. 108. 
 
 George Sand, the romances of, III. xviii. 
 71. 
 
 Georges, mademoiselle, the actress, III. 
 xviii. 79. 
 
 Georges, Polignac engaged in the conspi- 
 racy of, III. xvii. 1. 
 
 Georges, general, forces under, 1831, IV. 
 xxv. 70 successes of, 71. 
 
 Georgey, general, character of, VIII. liv. 
 36 et seq. execution of Count Zichy 
 by, 49 at Schwechat, 71 views of, 
 on the prospects of Hungary, lv. 3 
 forces under, 5 his first movements, 
 6 ability of his retreat, 7 able move- 
 ments of, 10 difficulties of his retreat, 
 11 battle of Kapolna, 15 et seq. re- 
 treat of, after Kapolna, 18 defeats 
 Schlick, 22 succeeds to the chief 
 command, 23 plans and movements, 
 24 battle of Tapio-Biscke, 25 and of 
 Isaszeg, 26 et seq. movements after 
 it, 28, 29 generous conduct of, 30 
 division between him and Kossuth, 32 
 et seq. his views, 34 et seq. opposed 
 to declaration of independence, 36 
 relieves Komorn,and further successes, 
 40 views of, after capture of Pesth, 
 42 capture of Buda, 43 further suc- 
 cesses, 44 et seq. total forces of, 47, 
 51 opposed to democratic party, and 
 causes of delay in opening the cam- 
 paign, 52 battle of Pered, 53 battle 
 of Acz, and wounded, 56 battle of 
 Komorn, 58 throws Klapka into it, 
 and retreats, 59 battle of Waitzen, 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 60 proposals to him to capitulate, 62 
 dismissed from the command, but 
 restored, 63 results of the campaign, 
 64 ability of his movements, 65 
 combat at Porozlo, ib. again defeat- 
 ed, 77 declared dictator, 78 inter- 
 view with Bern, 79 his capitulation, 
 80 pardoned, 85. 
 
 Georghaki, a leader of the insurgent 
 Moldavians, III. xiv. 32. 
 
 Georgia, intervention of Peter the Great 
 in, III. xiii. 68 bequeathed to Russia, 
 69, 70 acquisition of, by Russia, 
 xv. 3 routes from, into Asia Minor, 
 67. 
 
 Georgia (United States), statistics of 
 banks in, VI. xxxvii. 7 note majority 
 against Van Buren in, 29. 
 
 Gerard, M., III. xvii. 67 note, 74 note. 
 
 Gerard, general, views of, in 1815, 1, iii. 23 
 
 during the Three Days, III. xvii. 74 
 the command of Paris offered to, 79 
 
 appointed minister - at - war, 85 
 secretary-at-war under Louis Philippe, 
 IV. xxiv. 44 marshal, secretly favours 
 the attempt to revolutionise Spain, 68 
 resignation of, xxv. 8 intervention 
 of, in Belgium, 71, 72 force for the 
 coercion of Holland under, V. xxix. 85 
 forces for the siege of" Antwerp, 88 
 commencement of it, 90 its sur- 
 render, 92 becomes minister-at-war, 
 xxxiii. 3 speech of, in favour of eco- 
 nomy, 4 advocates a general amnesty, 
 5 resigns, ib. at the last council of 
 Louis Philippe, VII. xlvii. 65. 
 
 Gerard, violence of, on his trial before 
 the Peers, V. xxxiii. 24. 
 
 Gergenti, surrender of, to the Neapoli- 
 tans, VIII. 'Iii. 109. 
 
 Germans, war not natural to the, V. 
 xxvii. 1 number of, in Austrian em- 
 pire, VIII. liii. 3 note. 
 
 German frontier, proposed railway from 
 Paris to the, VII. xliv. 79. 
 
 German literature, Madame dc Stael's 
 criticisms on, III. xviii. 16 reflec- 
 tions on, V. xxviii. 71 its general 
 character, 72 its romantic and senti- 
 mental character, 73. 
 
 German Tribune, suppression of the, V. 
 xxvii. 48. 
 
 German unity, declaration of Frederick 
 William on, V. xxvii. 68. 
 
 Germanic Confederacy, sago constitution 
 and immense strength of the, V. xxvii. 
 4 its military forces, 5 pledge of re- 
 presentative governments to the, 15 
 advantages of, to the peace of Europe, 
 93 its effects on domestic peace and 
 the progress of freedom, 94 statistics 
 of forces of, xxx. 26 note. 
 
 to the Paragraph. H
 
 114 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Germanic Diet, resolution of the, regard- 
 ing Luxemburg, IV. xxv. 29 consti- 
 tution, votes, &c. in the, V. xxvii. 4 and 
 notes resolution of the, regarding in- 
 ternal affairs of the confederacy, 19 
 its effect in suppressing liberty, 20 
 letter of the Emperor of Austria to, 
 21 resolutions adopted in conse- 
 quence, 22 final act of the, regarding 
 constitutional governments, 33 its 
 effect, 34 refuses to sanction a con- 
 stitution in Holstein, 36 measures 
 of, 1832, against the press, 48 decree 
 of July 5th on the subject, 49 vari- 
 ous decrees of the, 1835, 54 death of 
 the Emperor Francis, and communica- 
 tion of his successor to, 55 refusal of 
 the, to restore the constitution of 
 Hanover, 57 influence of the consti- 
 tution of the, 84 additional restric- 
 tions on the press by the, 1833, xxx. 
 23 first proceedings of, on revolution 
 of 1848, VIII. liii. 20 reconstruction 
 of the old, 94. 
 
 Germanos, the archbishop, blockades Pa- 
 tras, III. xiv. 42. 
 
 Germany, violence of the revolution of 
 1848 in, I. i. 18 increased emigration 
 from, 65, II. viii. 52 character of the 
 democratic attempts of 1820 in,x. 163 
 sympathy with Greece in, III. xiv. 
 143 Madame de Stael's work on, 
 xviii. 15 prices of wheat in, IV. xxi. 
 33, 34 state of political feeling in, 
 1830, xxiv. 81 disturbances in 
 Cologne, &c. 82 convulsions over all 
 the north, 83 in Dresden, Leipsic, 
 &c. 84 and in Brunswick, 85 affairs 
 of, 1831), and precautionary measures, 
 xxv. 29 defensive measures in Austria, 
 30 state of feeling in Prussia, 31 
 fermentation in the lesser states, 32 
 troubles in Saxony and Hesse-Cassel, 
 33 insurrection in Hanover, 34 
 peace necessary to, after the efforts of 
 the war, V. xxvii. 1 moderation of de- 
 mands on the peace, 2 dangers to 
 her independence on the dissolution 
 of the empire, 3 constitution and 
 strength of the confederacy, 4 its 
 military forces, 5 peace and pros- 
 perity thus secured to, 6 statistics, 
 7 splendour of capitals and chief 
 cities, 8 universal education, 9 re- 
 lations between this general education 
 and crime, 10,11 seeds of discontent 
 arising from the general prosperity, 
 12 way in which this came about, 
 13 expectation of liberal institutions 
 after the peace, 14 evidence from 
 public acts regarding this, 15 delay 
 in the governments in performing 
 
 The Lev 
 
 these engagements, 16 representative 
 assemblies established in Hanover, 
 Wurtemberg, and Baden, 17 tardy 
 promises of the Prussian government, 
 18 resolution of the Diet regarding 
 internal affairs of the confederacy, 19 
 effects of this, 20 effect of the 
 Spanish and Italian revolutions, 21 
 resolution of the Diet on the pro- 
 positions of Austria, 22 supreme 
 Austregal court, 23 assassination of 
 Kotzebue, 24 sensation excited by 
 the execution of Sand, 25 results of 
 this to freedom, 26 circular of 
 cabinet of Berlin, 27 et seep reflec- 
 tions on this picture of Germany, 30 
 circular of Metternich on the effects 
 of the repressive measures, 31 and 
 on the Neapolitan revolution, 32 
 final act of the confederation regard- 
 ing constitutional governments, 33 
 effect of this on the liberty of, 34 
 illusory edict of Prussia regarding 
 provincial Diets, 35 refusal of the 
 Diet to sanction the demand of Hol- 
 stein for a constitution, 36 the con- 
 stitution of the provincial estates of 
 Prussia by edict of June 5th 1823, 37 
 circular on it, 38 proceedings of 
 Prussia against the secret societies, 39 
 the real value of the provincial 
 estates, 40 causes which prevented 
 an outbreak, 41 wisdom of internal 
 government of Prussia, 42 et seq . 
 effect of the French revolution of 
 1830 in checking freedom, 45 and of 
 the Belgian and Polish revolutions, 46 
 effect of the siege of Antwerp, 47 
 measures of the Diet against the press, 
 48 decree against foreign publica- 
 tions, 49 sensation caused by these 
 measures, 50 riot in Frankfort, and 
 its occupation by the Austrians, 51 
 congress of sovereigns at Miinchen- 
 gratz, 52 fresh riot in Frankfort, and 
 placing of it under martial law, 53 de- 
 crees of 1835 in the Diet, 54 death of 
 the Emperor Francis, and his succes- 
 sor's communication to the Diet, 55 
 change in public mind toward material 
 objects, 56 the Diet refuses to restore 
 the constitution of Hanover, 57 dis- 
 pute of Prussia with the Pope, 58 
 sensation excited by it, 59 internal 
 regulations of the Prussian govern- 
 ment, 60 amnesty in Prussia, and 
 reciprocity treaty with Holland, 61 
 death of the King of Prussia, and 
 revival of the constitution question, 
 62 answer of King of Prussia to 
 demand for a constitution, 63 excite- 
 ment on meeting of estates of Prussia, 
 
 r/e Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 115 
 
 65 extension of Zollverein, 66 great 
 system of railways in Northern, 67 
 progress of constitutional ideas, 71 
 et seq. great religious movement in 
 1845, 73 constitutional progress in 
 1845, 74 and in 1846, 75 increased 
 demand for reform, 76 session of the 
 Prussian States-general, 78 extra- 
 ordinary political state of, 79 effect 
 of the revolutionary war on the two 
 parties which divided it, 80 increas- 
 ing passion for freedom, 81 -effect of 
 general education, 82 difficulties from 
 the want of foreign commercial colo- 
 nies, 83 causes which held her to- 
 gether, the Diet and federal union, 84 
 
 effect of the preponderance of 
 Catholics, 85 the army the expres- 
 sion of general opinion, 86 influence 
 of Russia on Prussia and the lesser 
 states, 87 influence of want of em- 
 ployment in forcing men to become 
 government employe's, 88 effects of 
 the revolutions of 1820 and 1830, 89 
 
 counteracting influence of these 
 causes, 90 influence of these causes 
 on literature of, 92 advantages of 
 confederacy to peace of Europe, 93 
 effect of it on domestic peace and the 
 progress of freedom, 94 causes which 
 shipwrecked liberty, 97 sketch of 
 literature of, during first half of 19th 
 century, xxviii. 1 et seq. religious 
 character of, and its origin, 67 re- 
 action to rationalism, 68 sketch of 
 
 the fine arts in, 74 et seq sculpture 
 
 in, 75 painting, 77 architecture, 79 
 music, 80 et seq. effect of recent 
 disasters on the mind of, 87 progress 
 of the cholera over, xxix. 31 increas- 
 ing influence of Russia in, 99 memoir 
 by Prussia on state of, 1832, xxx. 22 
 efforts of the French propagandists, 
 and revolutionary organisation in, 23 
 restrictive system of, VI. xxxviii. 50 
 increase of exports to, 1837-40, VII. 
 xli. 29 consumption of sugar per 
 head in, 31 class from which the 
 army is drawn in, xliii. 25 exports 
 to, 1846-9, 118 note miles of railway 
 in, 122 note agitated state of, 1848, 
 VIII. liii. 1 passions of religion and 
 race in, 2 different races in Austria, 3 
 prosperity in, during the peace, 5 
 great extent of education in, 6 effect 
 of the military system, 7 division of 
 parties on the representative system 
 in, 9 demand for unity in, 12 the 
 Zollverein, 13 et seq. prevalence of 
 visionary ideas in, 15 effects of the 
 French revolution on, 16 progress of 
 revolution of 1848 in, 20 the lesser 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph. 
 
 sovereigns yield, 21 disturbances, &c, 
 in Prussia, 22 submission of the king 
 there, 25 revolution in Bavaria, 26 
 dispute between Prussia and the Gene- 
 ral Diet, 30 elections for the latter, 
 32 composition of the General Diet, 
 33 attack on Schleswig-Holstein, 34 
 et seq. armistice there, 42 meeting 
 of the Diet, and revolt in the south, 
 43 new constitution, and Archduke 
 John chosen regent, 44 composition 
 of the Diet, ib. note dissatisfaction of 
 Prussia, 45 installation of the regent, 
 46 changes effected by the National 
 Assembly, ib. declaration of the As- 
 sembly on Prussia, 60, 61 proceed- 
 ings of the Diet and the regent, 64 
 outbreak at Frankfort, 65 revolt in 
 Baden, 67 debate on the prosecution 
 of those implicated, 68 increasing 
 jealousy of Austria, 69 execution of 
 Blum, 71 breach with Austria, 72 
 influence of the clubs, 73 the crown 
 offered to the King of Prussia, 74 he 
 declines it, 75 views of Austria, 76 
 the constitution accepted by the lesser 
 states, 77 its character, 78 breach 
 between the Assembly and Prussia, 79 
 violent proceedings of the Assembly, 
 and its dissolution, 80 insurrection 
 in Saxony and Hanover, 81 and in 
 Baden and the Palatinate, 82 consti- 
 tution agreed to by Prussia, &c, 84 
 further changes in Prussia, 86 et seq. 
 final arrangement of Diet and constitu- 
 tion, 89 state of Hesse-Cassel, and 
 threatened war, 91 intervention of 
 Russia, 92 the Olmutz convention, 
 93 final arrangement at Dresden, 94 
 renewal of hostilities in Schleswig- 
 Holstein, 95 final settlement of the 
 question, 102, 103 causes of the 
 failure of the liberal movement in, 
 104 effects of the loyalty of the 
 army, 105 and of the Prussian repre- 
 sentation of classes, 106 emigration 
 from, lvii. 59. See also Austria, Prus- 
 sia, and the other States. 
 
 Gevaudeau, views of, in 1819, II. ix. 
 27. 
 
 Ghazees, massacre of, by Shah Soojah, 
 VI. xl. 69. 
 
 Ghazipoor, death of Lord Cornwallis at, 
 VI. xxxix. 36. 
 
 (jhebel, colonel, arrest of the Mouravieffs 
 by, II. viii. 135 his death, ib. 
 
 Ghent, the court, &c. of Louis XVIII. 
 at, I. iii. 7 democratic spirit in, IV. 
 xxiv. 71 outbreak of the insurrection 
 in, 73 disorders and pillage in, 77 
 succours to Brussels from, 79 Dutch 
 party in, xxv. 60.
 
 116 
 
 HISTOllY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Ghilzies, insurrection of the, in Afgha- 
 nistan, VI. xl. 86 defeat of the, at 
 Khelat-i-Ghilzye, 96 defeat of, by Col. 
 Chambers, 98. 
 
 Ghirek, defeat of insurgent Affghans at, 
 VI. xl. 97. 
 
 Gholab Singh, intrigues of, at Lahore, 
 VIII. xlix. 58 terms of treaty regard- 
 ing, 88 -resistance by the Sikhs to 
 him, 91. 
 
 Ghoorkas, first collision with the, VI. 
 xxxix. 38 the war with, 39 their 
 character, 40 early disasters, 41 
 successes of Ochterlony, 42 further 
 successes, and conclusion of peace, 
 43, 44 destruction of regiment of, in 
 Kohistan, xl. 114 at Sobraon, VIII. 
 xlix. 82, 86. 
 
 Ghouras, defence of the Acropolis by, 
 III. xiv. 91 shut up in the Acropolis 
 of Athens, 104 victory of, at Mara- 
 thon, 113 execution of Odysseus by, 
 116 operations assigned to, in 1825, 
 120 besieged in the Acropolis, 1826, 
 149 killed, ib. 
 
 Ghumicole-Kane, captured by the Rus- 
 sians, III. xv. 106. 
 
 Ghuznee, description of, VI. xl. 68 
 tragedy before it, 69 its assault and 
 capture, 70 et seq. results of this, 72 
 force to occupy, 78 the fall of, 
 VIII. xlviii. 79 recapture of, by Nott, 
 95 destruction of fortifications of, 
 107. 
 
 Giannone, the prose of, V. xxviii. 41. 
 
 Gibbon, the works of, prohibited in 
 Spain, II. vii. 45 Guizot's edition of 
 his Rome, III. xviii. 22 the autobio- 
 graphy of, V. xxviii. 54. 
 
 Gibbs, genera], monument to, I. ii. 62. 
 
 Gibberti, the ablie, influence of the 
 works of, VII. xlvi. 63. 
 
 Gibson the sculptor, the works of, I. v. 
 99. 
 
 Gidera, general, VIII. Iv. 20. 
 
 Gielgud, general, forces under, IV. xxvi. 
 60 operations of, 61 at Ostrolenka, 
 74, 75 cut off from the main body, 
 77 throws himself into Lithuania, 
 80 defeat of, at YVilna, 81 retreats 
 into Prussia, and his murder, ib. 
 
 Gilford, Sir Robert, his speech in the 
 Queen's case, II. x. 87. 
 
 Gifford, Mr, editor of the Antijacobin 
 Review, II. xi. 3 note. 
 
 Gilbert, Graham, the paintings of, I. v. 
 92. 
 
 Gilbert, general, afterwards Sir Walter, 
 at Moodkee, VI 1 1. xlix. 64 at Feroze- 
 shah, 68 at Sobraon, 82, 84 oper- 
 ations of, against the Sikhs, 99 at 
 Chillianwallah, 100, 101 at Goojerat, 
 
 Tlie La 
 
 104 overthrow of the Affghans and 
 capture of Attock by, 107. 
 
 Gillespie, general, monument to, I. ii. 
 62. 
 
 Gillespie, colonel, suppression of the 
 mutiny at Velloreby, VI. xxxix. 37 
 forces under, against the Ghoorkas, 39 
 repulse and death of, 41. 
 
 Gilly, general, I. iii. 106 proscribed in 
 1815, 19 indemnity to, II. ix. 102 
 note. 
 
 Ginguene, M., the works of, III. xviii. 
 57. 
 
 Girardin, Emile de, mission of, to the 
 king, III. xvii. 80 charges against 
 the ministry by, VII. xlvii. 11 urges 
 the abdication of Louis Philippe, 66 
 imprisonment of, VIII. 1. 98. 
 
 Girardol, lieutenant, VIII. lvi. 71 note. 
 
 Girod, a leader of the Canadian insur- 
 gents, death of, VI. xxxvii. 83. 
 
 Girod de 1' Ain, M., president of the 
 Chamber, 1831, IV. xxv. 59 report 
 by, on the secret societies, V. xxxiii. 
 17 minister of justice, 1839, VI. 
 xxxiv. 33 note. 
 
 Gironde, depressed state of the vine- 
 growers of the, 1831, V. xxix. 2. 
 
 Girondists, Lamartine's history of the, 
 III. xviii. 24. 
 
 Gisquet, M., advocates holding the Tuil- 
 eries in 1832, V. xxix. 69 measures 
 of, after the revolt of St Meri, 7677 
 disclosures on trial of, VI. xxxiv. 
 14. 
 
 Oiulay, general, at Verona, VIII. Iii. 
 58. 
 
 Giurgevo, terms of treaty of Adrianople 
 regarding, HI. xv. 138. 
 
 Gladstone, Mr, on the imports into Liver- 
 pool, I. iv. 68 arguments of, against 
 the Jamaica bill, VI. xxxvii. 130. 
 
 Gladstone, W. E., master of mint, 1841, 
 VII. xli. 11 note becomes colonial 
 secretary, 45 arguments of, for re- 
 peal of navigation laws, VIII. lvi. 7 
 et seq. arguments of, in favour of 
 free trade, 26 on Sir 11. Peel, 61. 
 
 Glandevos, M., conversation between, and 
 Laiitte, on the Duke of Orleans, IV. 
 xxiv. 12, 13. 
 
 Glaneure, the, a manufacturing journal, 
 V. xxx. 43. 
 
 Glasgow, insurrection planned in, I. iv. 
 12 secret society in, 14 great meet- 
 ing of Radicals in, 1819, II. x. 24 
 fall of wages in, 1819, 34 note con- 
 tinuance of military training near, 
 1820, 49 attempted insurrection in, 
 1820, 50 its suppression, 51 rejoic- 
 ings in, on the acquittal of the queen, 
 88 effect of the repeal of the coin- 
 
 (jc Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 117 
 
 bination laws in, III. xix. 53 distress 
 in, 1826, IV. xxi. 2 petition for 
 government assistance from, 1826, 23 
 reform meeting at, xxiii. 85 violent 
 reform meeting at, 104 two members 
 given by reform bill to, 116 statistics 
 of voters registered in, 136 note 
 ratio of infant mortality in, V. xxix. 
 6 note peculiarities of cholera in, 32 
 note ravages of cholera in, xxxi. 9 
 importance of the slave trade to, 76 
 the Durham festival at, 159 the elec- 
 tions of 1835 in, VI. xxxv. 20 ad- 
 dress of the working classes of, against 
 the Lords, xxxvi. 23 banquet to Sir 
 R. Peel at, 56 the great cotton-spin- 
 ners' strike in, 1837, xxxvii. 53 
 population, crime, &c. in, 1822-38, 57 
 note anti-corn-law association formed 
 at, 70 results of Free Kirk move- 
 ment in, xxxvii. 75 note depar- 
 ture of first emigrants for New Zea- 
 land from, xxxviii. 14 danger of, 
 1842, from the rioters, VII. xli. 21, 
 22 and Greenock Railway, parliamen- 
 tary expenses of, xlii. 5 note annual 
 increase of population in, 9 Irish 
 immigration into, during the famine, 
 xliii. 45 the subscription for the re- 
 lief of the Highlands in, 1847, 52 
 ratio of mortality in, 93 and note 
 the bankruptcies in, during 1847, 114 
 vast influx of destitute Irish into, 
 119 extreme suffering in, 1848, 126 
 outbreak in March, 127 further 
 riots, and their suppression, 128 
 effects of this success, 129 abortive 
 attempt at insurrection in, on the 10th 
 April, 134 fabrication of signatures 
 to Chartist petition at, 135 note 
 high rate of infant mortality in, 
 157. 
 
 Glasgow Chamber of Commerce, free- 
 trade petition from the, II. x. 64. 
 
 Glasgow university, Sir R. Peel elected 
 lord rector of, VI. xxxvi. 56. 
 
 Glasgow, the, at the battle of Algiers, I. 
 ii. 77, 79. 
 
 Glass, reduction of duties on, 1825, III. 
 xix. 76 proposed reduction of duties 
 on, IV. xxiii. 29 note reduction of 
 duties on, VII. xli. 105 abolition of 
 duty on, xlii. 15. 
 
 <jlenelg, lord, VI. xxxvi. 3 course fol- 
 lowed by, regarding the Canadian 
 prisoners, xxxvii. 99 measures of, 
 at the Cape, VIII. lvi. 47. See also 
 Grant, C. 
 
 Globe, le, circulation of. III. xvi. 19 
 note prosecution of, 33 the advo- 
 cate of the views of the St Simonians, 
 IV. xxv. 40, V. xxix. 7. 
 
 Glory, passion for, in France, VII. xliv. 
 
 21. 
 Gloucester county prison, destruction 
 
 of the, by the Bristol rioters, IV. 
 
 xxiii. 88. 
 Gloucestershire, additional members for, 
 
 IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Gloves, reduction of duties on, 1825, III. 
 xix. 76 proposed reduction of duties 
 on, VII. xlii. 49. 
 
 Gliick, the works of, V. xxviii. 86. 
 
 Glyptothek, the, at Munich, V. xxvii. 
 8 architecture of the, xxviii. 79. 
 
 Godby, brigadier, at Aliwal, VIII. xlix. 
 78 at ChilManwallah, 101. 
 
 Goderich, viscount, becomes colonial 
 secretary, IV. xxi. 66 appointed pre- 
 mier after Canning's death, 91 weak- 
 ness of his cabinet, 92 its dissolution, 
 94 colonial secretary, 1830, xxiii. 6 
 note. 
 
 Godefroi, M., V. xxxiii. 21. 
 
 Godwin, colonel, afterwards general, 
 capture of Martaban by, VI. xxxix. 
 60 operations of, in Burmah, VIII. 
 xlix. 114 storming of Rangoon, 115 
 and of Bassein, 116 capture of 
 Prome and Pegu, 117. 
 
 Goethe, parallel between Wordsworth 
 and, I. v. 22 Madame de Stael's criti- 
 cism on, III. xviii. 1 6 -the works of, 
 
 V. xxviii. 10 his Faust, 11 his mar- 
 vellous contradictions, 12 his moral 
 and religious deficiencies, 13 his 
 great versatility, 14 his universal 
 popularity, 15 his picture of the 
 influence of the stage, 16 parallel 
 between him and Schiller, 17 the 
 autobiography of, 55 influence of his 
 Werter, 56 his novels, 57 on the 
 popular orator, VII. xli. 64. 
 
 Gohud, surrender of, to Scindia, VI. 
 xxxix. 35. 
 
 Goito, defeat of the Austrians at, VIII. 
 lii. 31 passage of the Mincio by the 
 Sardinians at, 38 repulse of the 
 Austx-ians at, 52. 
 
 Gokla, a Mahratta chief, death of, VI. 
 xxxix. 49. 
 
 Gold, influence of the supply of, on 
 society, I. i. 33 diminished produce 
 of, in South America, and increased 
 in Russia, 36 effects of the discovei'ies 
 of, in California, 38, 39, 40 their 
 effects in promoting emigration, 66 
 increased price and diminished 
 supply of, ii. 10 return of, to Great 
 Britain, and fall in its price, 1 1 
 variations in the price of, 49, 51 
 prices of, at various times, iv. 73 
 dangers of its rise abroad, 75 
 views of Adam Smith on, II. x. 4 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 118 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Gold, continued. 
 
 deficient supplies of, during the fall of 
 the Roman empire, 6 varying value 
 of, at the present time, 9 liability of, 
 to be drained away, 13 causes and 
 effects of influx of, into the country, 
 15 paper as the representative of or 
 substitute for, III. xix. 1 coinage and 
 circulation of, 1822, &c., IV. xxi. 7 
 exportation of, in 1825, and its effects, 
 22 withdrawal of, to the Continent, 
 &c, xxii. 27 foundation of the cur- 
 rency system of England on, VI. xxxv. 
 2 danger of a currency based on its 
 retention, 4, 6 causes of drain of, 10 
 terror caused by the export from 
 England of, xxxvii. 42 the effects of 
 it, 43 drain of, from England to 
 India, xxxix. 32 drain of, from Eng- 
 land, 1839, &c, VII. xli. 17 the 
 distress of 1842, &c. due to export of, 
 25 cessation of drain of, from fine 
 harvest of 1843, 76 Peel on, as the 
 standard of value, 108 proportion of 
 paper circulation to be based on, under 
 act of 1844, 111 Mr Hawes on its 
 alleged depreciation, 112 increased 
 supplies of, from South America and 
 Russia, xlii. 1 Mr Baring on the ex- 
 ports of, xliii. 75 increased produce 
 of, in Russia, 99 alleged effect of 
 issue of paper on, 110 constant drain 
 of, to meet the excess of imports, 145 
 effects of increased supply of it, 146 
 drain of, 1856, ib. argument of the 
 bullionists as to export of, 147 
 danger of its merely passing through 
 the richer states, 148 errors of the 
 bullionists on this, 149 variations in 
 quantity held by the Bank since the 
 act of 1844, 153 supply of, from 
 Russia to France during the monetary 
 crisis, xlvii. 6 increased supply of, 
 and its effects, VIII. lvi. 73 ct set/. 
 
 Gold currency, liability of, to be with- 
 drawn, IV. xxi. 21. 
 
 Gold discoveries in California, &c, the, 
 effects of, I. i. 30, VIII. lvi. 72 et seq. 
 due to the monetary crisis in Eng- 
 land, VII. xliii. 141 effects of, in 
 modifying those of free trade, 165, 
 VIII. lvi. 2 their effects on prices, 16 
 their influence on the cause of pro- 
 tection, 19 and on emigration, lvii. 65. 
 
 Gold mines, government revenue from, 
 in Russia, II. viii. 47. 
 
 Golden Horn, the, III. xiii. 39, 40. 
 
 GoldinK, lieutenant, treacherous attack 
 on, VIII. xlviii. 72. 
 
 Goldoni, the comedies of, V. xxviii. 
 29. 
 
 Golowniu, general, commands the cover- 
 
 The La 
 
 ing force at Varna, III. xv. 55 general, 
 forces, and position of in the Polish 
 war, IV. xxvi. 83 defeat of, 88. 
 
 Contaut, madame de, II. ix. 38 III. 
 xvi. 54 fidelity of, to Charles X., 
 xvii. 95. 
 
 Gonzalvi, cardinal, negotiates the con- 
 cordat of 1817 with France, I. vi. 27. 
 
 Gooch, Mr, motion by, on agricultural 
 distress, 1821, II. x. 99. 
 
 Goojerat, retreat of the Sikhs toward, 
 VIII. xlix. 103 battle of, 104 its 
 results, 106. 
 
 Goolai, capture and destruction of, VIII. 
 xlviii. 86. 
 
 Gordon, lion, captain, a lord of the 
 admiralty, 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Gordon, Sir John Watson, the portraits 
 of, I. v. 92. 
 
 Gordon, Sir Robert, English ambassador 
 to Turkey, III. xv. 136. 
 
 Gordon, mademoiselle, a partisan of 
 Louis Napoleon's, V. xxxiii. 81. 
 
 Gore, general, monument to, I. ii. 62. 
 
 Gore, colonel, check of, at St Denis, VI. 
 xxxvii. 81 captures it, 82. 
 
 Gorgon, the, at Acre, V. xxxii. 72. 
 
 Gorjakowski, count, preparations of, at 
 Mantua, VIII. Hi. 31. 
 
 Gortschakoff, general, combat at Porozlo, 
 VIII. lv. 65. 
 
 Goru, check of the Russians at, IV. xxvi. 
 55. 
 
 Gosford, lord, sent as governor to 
 Canada, VI. xxxvi. 28 his measures 
 there, 29 proceedings of, in Lower 
 Canada, 1836, 54 at the commence- 
 ment of the insurrection, xxxvii. 80 
 on its suppression, 84 resignation of, 
 93. 
 
 Gossett, major, at the battle of Algiers, 
 I. ii. 78. 
 
 Goths, the, conquests of, III. xiii. 4 
 descendants of, in Austria, VIII. liii. 
 3 settlement of, in Prussia, 4. 
 
 Gothic architecture, revival of, in Great 
 Britain, 1. v. 88. 
 
 Gottingen, insurrection in, 1831, IV. 
 xxv. 34. 
 
 Gouben, trial and execution of, for the 
 llochelle conspiracy, II. xi. 21. 
 
 Goudchoux, M., a member of provisional 
 government, VII. xlvii. 75 note re- 
 signation of, VIII. 1. 22 finance 
 minister under Cavaignac, 97 note 
 first financial measures, li. 1 proposes 
 taxation of income, 5 duty on suc- 
 cessions proposed by, lvii. 6. 
 
 Gough, Sir II., afterwards lord, takes the 
 command in China, VIII. xlviii. 30 
 measures of, against the Canton forts, 
 31, 32 storming of Amoy, 34 of 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 119 
 
 Chusan, 35 of Chinghae, 36 and of 
 Niugpo, 37 victories there, 38 cap- 
 ture of Chapoo, 39 of Chiu-kiang-foo, 
 43 advance to Nankin, 44 becomes 
 commander-in-chief in India, xlix. 37 
 forces for war with Gwalior, ib. 
 victory at Maharajpore, 38 character 
 of, 55 urges the concentration of the 
 troops, 59 battle of Moodkee, 63 
 march to Ferozeshah, 65 junction 
 with Littler, 66 resolves on attack, 
 67 battle of Ferozeshah, 68 et seq. 
 heroic conduct of, 71 renewed battle, 
 72 results, 74 subsequent opera- 
 tions, 75, 76 battle of Aliwal, 78 
 position, 80 forces and preparations, 
 81 battle of Sobraon, 82 et seq. con- 
 duct, &c. of, at Sobraon, 87 advance 
 to Lahore, ib. -treaty, 88 honours 
 bestowed on him, 89 resumes com- 
 mand on the second Sikh war, 96 
 battle of Ramnuggur, 97 further ope- 
 rations, 99 battle of Chillian wallah, 
 100 et seq. conduct of, at Chillian- 
 wallah, 102 his forces, 103 battle of 
 Goojerat, 104 at Wellington's fune- 
 ral, lvi. 78, 79 note. 
 
 Gough, brigadier, at Moodkee, VIII. 
 xlix. 63, 54. 
 
 Gouin, M., motion by, for reduction of 
 interest on national debt, V. xxxiii. 
 48 arguments for it, 49 minister of 
 commerce under Thiers, VI. xxxiv. 
 73 note. 
 
 Goulburn, Mr, becomes secretary for 
 Ireland, II. x. 115 tithe composition 
 act introduced by, IV. xx. 21 bill for 
 suppression of the Catholic Association 
 brought in by, 33 his arguments 
 against it, 34 becomes chancellor 
 of the exchequer, xxi. 95 arguments 
 of, against the Irish church bill, V. 
 xxxi. 46 et seq. home secretary, 1835, 
 VI. xxxv. 16 note proposed as 
 Speaker, xxxvii. 137 chancellor of the 
 exchequer under Peel, VII. xli. 14 
 bill for reducing the three and a half 
 per cents, 103 budget for 1844, 104 
 taxes reduced, 105 reduction of 
 duties on sugar, 106 on the protec- 
 tion still retained to manufactures, xlii. 
 90 note memorandum of, on the 
 dangers of corn-law repeal, 93 note. 
 
 Gourgaud, general, at St Helena, II. ix. 
 116 Napoleon's memoirs dictated to, 
 III. xviii. 43 at the reinterment of 
 Napoleon, VI. xxxiv. 87. 
 
 Government, absolute necessity for, I. i. 
 50 fear the universal element of, in 
 Russia, II. viii. 35 weakness of the 
 central, in Turkey, III. xiii. 25 mild- 
 ness of its theory, 28 increased 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 strength given by the reform bill to, 
 IV. xxiii. 161 strength given to, in 
 France by the support of the bour- 
 geoisie, xxiv. 6 indifference of, to 
 strikes, VI. xxxvii. 58 form of, in 
 China,VIII. xlviii. 14 checks on it, 15. 
 
 Governments, exhaustion of the, by the 
 war, I. i. 3 their difficulties now with 
 their subjects, 4. 
 
 Government employe's, number, &c. of, in 
 Germany, V. xxvii. 88. 
 
 Government employment, competition 
 for, in France, III. xvii. 132, IV. xxiv. 
 7 distribution of, in France, V. xxx. 
 3, 4. 
 
 Government functionaries, corruption 
 among, in France, VII. xlvii. 9. 
 
 Government offices, multiplication of, in 
 France, III. xvi. 78 vast number of, 
 in the United States, VI. xxxvii. 12. 
 
 Government patronage, great amount of, 
 in France under Louis Philippe, VI. 
 xxxiv. 13. 
 
 Governolo, check of the Austrians at, 
 VIII. lii. 64. 
 
 Gower, Nephews, & Co., bankruptcy of, 
 1847, VII. xliii. 101. 
 
 Grabbe, general, forces under, VIII. lv. 
 46 movements of, 55 at Komorn, 
 57 at Waitzen, 60. 
 
 Grabowsky, general, occupation of Bo- 
 logna by, V. xxix. 28. 
 
 Graham, Sir James, on the small notes 
 bill, II. x. 149 moves for committee on 
 circulation of Scotch notes in England, 
 IV. xxi. 103 his speech on the sub- 
 ject, ib. note motion by, for reducing 
 the salaries of public officers, xxii. 28 
 his speech, ib. note motion by, on 
 the treasurership of the navy, 31 first 
 lord of the admiralty, 1830, xxiii. 6 
 note administrative powers of, 22 
 his inconsistencies, 23 one of the 
 committee for preparing the reform 
 bill, 30 views of, on the creation of 
 peers, 101 resignation of, V. xxxi. 
 129 declines to join Sir R. Peel's 
 ministry, VI. xxxv. 16 arguments of, 
 against the Irish church motion, 38 
 et seq. arguments of, against the mu- 
 nicipal reform bill, xxxvi. 12 opposes 
 Lord Chandos's motion on agricultural 
 distress, 1836, 49 home secretary 
 under Peel, VII. xli. 14 his factory 
 and education bill, 79 new factory bill 
 introduced by, 80 on the Chartist pe- 
 tition, 1843, 85 bill for establishing 
 secular colleges in Ireland brought in 
 by, xlii. 22 charge of opening letters 
 against, 31 declaration of, on corn 
 laws, 1845, 34 on the results of the 
 new tariff, 35 brings in the life pre- 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 120 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Graham, Sir James, continued. 
 
 servation bill for Ireland, 72 argu- 
 ments for it, 73 anticipations of, re- 
 garding the potato disease, xliii. 31 
 arguments of, against Mr Fielden's fac- 
 tory bill, 89 arguments of, for repeal 
 of navigation laws, VIII. Ivi. 7 tt seq. 
 
 Graham, Lord William, attack by the re- 
 form rioters on, IV. xxiii. 67. 
 
 Grain, dependence of England on foreign 
 countries for, I. i. 28 power of the 
 old and new state as to production of, 
 43 fall in prices of, on the peace, ii. 
 6 importation of, 1818, IV. 33 de- 
 ficiency of, in France in 1816, vi. 7 
 exportation of, from Russia, II. viii. 53 
 note consumption, importation, &c. 
 of, in France, ix. 101 price of, and 
 pressure of taxation, Huskisson on, x. 
 134 exports of, from Turkey, and 
 supplies to Constantinople, III. xiii. 
 21 prohibition of export of, from 
 Russia, xv. 48 price of, in France, 
 1824, xvi. 15 average produce of, per 
 acre in France, xvii. 128 imports of, 
 into Great Britain, 1838-53, xix. 47 
 note foreign, bill for admission of, 
 1 826, IV. xxi. 41 temporary relaxa- 
 tion of duties on, 1826, 47 export of, 
 from Germany, V. xxvii. 7 com- 
 mencement of the agitation for free 
 trade in, VI. xxxvii. 70 see Anti-corn- 
 law large importations of, into Eng- 
 land, 1842, VII. xli. 17 Peel on the 
 average import of, 32 rise in prices 
 of, 1845, xlii. 40 Sir R. Peel's new 
 tariff regarding, 49 facilities for 
 import of, into Ireland during the 
 famine, xliii. 39 importations of, 
 into Ireland, 1847, 41 table of im- 
 portations of, 1845 to 1856, 48 note 
 importations of, caused by the 
 Irish famine, and their effect in bring- 
 ing on the monetary crisis, 72 table 
 of, 1843-50 ib. note importations 
 and fall of price of, 1847, 100 expen- 
 diture for purchase of, alleged as the 
 cause of the crisis of 1847, 108 value 
 of, imported in 1848, 123 importa- 
 tions of, into England since free trade. 
 159 suspension of duties on, in 
 Franco, 1846, xlvii. 5 increased im- 
 portations of, 6 imports of, 1846-7, 
 8 note adulterations of, for the 
 French navy, 10 payment of Chinese 
 revenue in, VIII. xlviii. 4 low prices 
 of, in England, 1848 to 1852, lvi. 5 
 foreign, effects of free trade on price of, 
 20 diminished production of, in Ire- 
 land, 21. 
 
 Grain riots, prevalence of. in France, 
 1817, I. vi. 25. 
 
 Grammont, the duke de, I. iii. 59. 
 
 Grampound, disfranchisement of, II. x. 63. 
 
 Gran, fortress of, VIII. lv. 4. 
 
 Granada, proceedings of the revolution- 
 ists at, II. vii. 73 violence during the 
 elections at, xi. 51. 
 
 Granby, marquess of, opposes the Irish 
 coercion bill, VII. xlii. 81 on Lord 
 George Bentinck's railway scheme, 
 xliii. 61 his arguments against free 
 trade, VIII. lvi. 29 et seq. 
 
 Grand jury, the Dublin, proceedings of, 
 regarding the theatre riots, IV. xx. 19. 
 
 Grand jury law, demand for modifica- 
 tion of, in Ireland, VII. xlii. 78. 
 
 Grand juries, unsuitable to Ireland, IV. 
 xx. 1 5. 
 
 Grandscha, see Georgia. 
 
 Grandville, arrest of Polignac at, IV. 
 xxiv. 60. 
 
 Granger, M., V. xxxiii. 21. 
 
 Granicus, the, at the battle of Algiers, 
 I. ii. 77, 80. 
 
 Grant, Mr C, at first retains office under 
 Wellington, IV. xxi. 95 afterwards 
 resigns, 96 vote of, on the address, 
 1830, xxii. 25 president of board of 
 control, 1830, xxxiii. 6 note colonial 
 secretary in Melbourne ministry, VI. 
 xxxv. 44 and note created Lord 
 Glenelg, which see, xxxvi. 3. 
 
 Grant, Sir Charles, arguments of, for the 
 India bill, V. xxxv. 70. 
 
 Grant, Francis, the portraits of, I. v. 92. 
 
 Grant, Mr R., appointed governor of 
 Bombay, V. xxxi. 129. 
 
 Grant, Sir Wm., on the state of the cri- 
 minal law, I. iv. 84. 
 
 Grant, captain, at Maharajpore, VIII. 
 xlix. 39. 
 
 Grant, Dr, death of, VI. xl. 114. 
 
 Grantham, the election for 1831 in, IV. 
 xxiii. 68. 
 
 Granville, lord, succeeds Lord Palmer- 
 ston, VIII. lvi. 63. 
 
 G rattan, Mr, death and character of, II. 
 x. 52 his character as a statesman 
 and orator, 53. 
 
 Gratz, death of Charles X. at, V. xxxiii. 
 74. 
 
 Gravenstein, defeat of the Prussians at, 
 VIII. liii. 40. 
 
 Gravia, defeat of the Turks at, III. xiv. 
 113. 
 
 Gravin, attempt by, on the Duchess de 
 Berri, II. ix. 85. 
 
 Grazing districts, alarm at the new tariff 
 in the, VII. xli. 55. 
 
 Great Britain, position of, at the close of 
 the war, I. i. 1 causes which made 
 her share in the French revolution of 
 1830, 6 the middle class elevated to 
 
 The Luvje Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 121 
 
 power by the changes of 1830, 7 the 
 alliance with France which followed, 
 8 and consequent change in her 
 foreign policy, ib. its effects on her co- 
 lonial empire, 9 results of the change 
 in her commercial policy, 10 emigra- 
 tion from, 1850-52, ib. note reduced 
 produce of wheat in, ib. great recent 
 advances of, in India, 14, 15 the 
 stand against revolution in, 1848, 20 
 dangers to, from the revolutionary 
 movements of 1848, 25 cavises which 
 have rendered its condition so precari- 
 ous, 26 defenceless state of, in 1851, 
 ib. diminution of the warlike spirit 
 in, 27 dangers arising from the free- 
 trade system in, 28 and from change 
 in her foreign policy, 29 distress in, 
 from contraction of the currency, 35 
 contraction of the paper circulation 
 of, 36 its effects on industry in, 37 
 effect of representative institutions on, 
 58 commanding position of, at the 
 close of the war, ii. 1 statistics show- 
 ing her general prosperity, 2 antici- 
 pation of prosperity in, 3 distress 
 which ensued on the peace, 4 scarcity 
 in, 1816, 7 contraction of the paper 
 currency, and effects of this, 11 de- 
 bates on property tax, 13 on the 
 budget for 1816, 25 land forces, 
 
 1816, 32 debates on agricultural 
 distress in, 33 et seq. consolidation of 
 the Irish exchequer with its, 56 new 
 silver coinage, 64 reflections on the 
 parliamentary history for 1816, 65 
 efforts of the factious to stir up sedi- 
 tion, 66 the Spafield riots, 67 the 
 expedition to Algiers, 68 proceedings 
 regarding Algiers, 69 the force pre- 
 pared by, &c, 71 et seq. a party to 
 the convention of the 20th Nov. 1815, 
 iii. 49 declines being a party to the 
 Holy Alliance, 52 subsidy to Russia 
 from, ib. the charge of Napoleon 
 committed to, ib. illustration of 
 human vicissitude from, iv. 2 results 
 of democratic ascendancy in, 5 con- 
 tinued distress and discontent in, 1817, 
 9 plan of a general insurrection in, 
 10 meeting of parliament, and attack 
 on the prince regent, 1 1 measures of 
 government against the discontent in 
 
 1817, 12 suspension of habeas corpus, 
 and seditious meetings act, 13 in- 
 surrectionary movements and their 
 suppression, 14 effect of the measures 
 of government, and improved pi*o- 
 spects, 16 finances, 17 state of Ire- 
 land, 18 debate in parliament on the 
 trade and manufactures, 23 general 
 establishment of savings banks, 25 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 ameliorations in criminal punishment, 
 ib. sensation caused by the death of 
 the Princess Charlotte, 30 improved 
 condition of the country, 31 and its 
 causes, 32 debates on the resumption 
 of cash payments, 33 et seq. discussion 
 on bill of indemnity, 41 military and 
 naval forces, and revenue, 1818, 42 
 commerce and shipping, 43 grant for 
 building new churches, 44 treaty 
 with Spain for the abolition of the 
 slave trade, 45 the alien act con- 
 tinued, 46 committee on charities, 
 ib. relaxation of the criminal code, 
 47 opening and close of the year 
 1819, 56 commencement of the de- 
 bates on the currency question, 57 et 
 seq. Mr Vansittart's finance resolu- 
 tions, 80 finances for 1819, 26. note 
 discussions on criminal law reform, 82 
 et seq. statistics of criminals in, 93 
 note clandestine succours sent to the 
 South American insurgents, 95 dis- 
 cussion in parliament on this, 96 
 continued succours to the South 
 American insurgents, 103, 104 ulti- 
 mate results of this, 105 losses sus- 
 tained by her intercourse with South 
 America, 106 decline in her exports 
 thither, 107 exports from, to Brazil, 
 ib. and to America, ib. note pro- 
 gress of literature, science, &c. in, after 
 the war, v. 1 et seq. progress of steam 
 navigation, 3 and of the cotton manu- 
 facture, 4 and in other manufactures, 
 5 rise of the Reviews, 42 the 
 modern historians, 51 the new school 
 of novelists, 68 recent progress of 
 architecture, 87 of painting, 89 etseq. 
 decline of the drama, and causes of 
 this, 107 spread of the exclusive 
 system, and its effects, 108, 109 in- 
 creasing liberalism of the higher ranks, 
 110 influence on society of the great 
 Whig houses, 111 and want of this 
 on the Conservative side, 112 rise 
 and influence of the newspaper press, 
 114 it all on the popular side, 115 
 representatives of, at Aix-la-Chapelle, 
 vi. 61 analogy of her early history to 
 that of Spain, II. vii. 1 advantages of 
 her colonies to, 3 benefits from her 
 colonies, ib. her exports to them, 6 
 total exports to her colonies, 7 note 
 influence of, in Portugal, 26 treaty 
 with Spain for limitation of the slave 
 trade, 49 influence of, on Portugal, 
 95 trades unions and secret societies 
 in, 104 proportion of agricultural 
 population in, viii. 15 population per- 
 square mile in, 17 note position of 
 her cultivators, and those of Russia, 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 122 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Great Britain, continued. 
 
 31 danger from the Russian fleet to, 
 46 emigration from, 52 impetus 
 given to agriculture in Russia by free 
 trade in, 53 decline of the production 
 of wheat, ib. representative of, at the 
 Congress of Troppau, 70 neutrality 
 of, at the Congress of Lay bach, &c, 72, 
 76 first symptom of alliance with 
 France, 73 the conduct of, with re- 
 gard to the captivity of Napoleon, 
 ix. 114 exaggerations regarding his 
 treatment, 115 the instructions from 
 government regarding Napoleon at St 
 Helena, 118 their instructions on in- 
 telligence of his illness, 120 sensation 
 caused by his death in, 122 objects 
 of the liberals in, as compared with 
 France, x. 1 difference in the causes 
 which produced discontent in the two, 
 2 effects of the change in the mone- 
 tary laws, 3 influence of the gold dis- 
 coveries on, 13 causes which brought 
 about the currency bill of 1819, 
 14 effects of extension of the cur- 
 rency in 1818 and 1819, 19 great in- 
 ternal prosperity, 20 contraction of 
 the currency in 1819 and its effects, 
 21 total circulation, &c. of, 1818-22, 
 22 and note effects of the contraction 
 of the currency on prices, 23 in- 
 creasing disaffection in, from the dis- 
 tress in 1819, &c. 24 the Peterloo 
 meeting, &c, 25 et seq. other sedi- 
 tious meetings, 32 deficient military 
 force in, during the disturbances of 
 1819, 33 meeting of parliament in 
 1819, 34 Lord Sidmouth's six acts, 35 
 death of the Duke of Kent, 37 and 
 of George 111., 38 impression the 
 death of the latter made, 39 illness 
 of George IV., 41 meeting of parlia- 
 ment, and discussion on the queen, 
 42 the Cato Street conspiracy, 44 
 disturbances in Scotland and the north 
 of England, 49 meeting of the new 
 parliament, 1820, 52 increase of the 
 yeomanry, 54 the finances, 55 pro- 
 ceedings of the parliamentary session 
 of 1820, 50 committee appointed on 
 agricultural distress, 08 rate of ex- 
 ports per head to different countries, 
 75 note commencement of the 
 troubles about the queen, 70 her 
 return, 79 and enthusiastic recep- 
 tion, 80 the trial of the queen, 84 
 et seq. feelings in, on the queen's ac- 
 quittal, 88 firmness of the ministry, 
 90 return of popularity to them, 91 
 meeting of parliament, 1821, 92 
 debates on foreign affairs, 93 reforms 
 of the criminal law, 94 continued 
 
 The L 
 
 agricultural distress, and new com- 
 mittee of inquiry, 99 demands for 
 reduction of taxation, 103 military 
 force, 1792 and 1821, ib. note the re- 
 port of the Agricultural Distress Com- 
 mittee, 104 changes in the ministry, 
 113, 114 subscription for the Irish 
 famine, 1823, 122 crime in, as com- 
 pared with France, and its alleged 
 causes, 127 continued fall of prices 
 in, 128 measures for relief of agri- 
 cultural classes, 129 repeated defeats 
 of ministers, 143 reduction of taxa- 
 tion, 1822, 144 the budget, 145 
 reduction of the five per cents, 146 
 equalisation of the dead-weight, and 
 naval and military pensions, 147 
 small notes bill, 149 the king's visit 
 to Scotland, 152 et se^. effect of the 
 resumption of cash payments, 158 et 
 seq. Castlereagh, the last of the true 
 rulers of, 160 character of the de- 
 mocratic outbreaks of 1819-20 in, 163 
 divergence of, from France on the 
 Spanish revolution, xi. 1 views in, 
 regarding the Spanish revolution, and 
 French intervention there, 3 repug- 
 nance to French intervention, 4 
 danger to, from the family compact be- 
 tween them, 5 influence of the South 
 American revolution and the Spanish 
 bondholders, 6 views of the cabinet 
 on the subject of Spain, 8 and of 
 Mr Canning, 9 representatives of, at 
 the Congress of Verona, 11 views of, 
 13 note of, at the congress regard- 
 ing South American independence, 17 
 instructions to her representatives 
 at the congress regarding Spain, 1 9 
 the results of the congress to her dis- 
 advantage, 22 king's speech on open- 
 ing parliament, 1823, 29 debate on 
 the Spanish question, 32 the govern- 
 ment resolve on non-intervention in 
 Spain, 40 feelings in, on the French 
 invasion, 63 maintains neutrality, 78 
 opposes the intervention of Russia, 
 100 recognition of the South Ameri- 
 can republics by, 101 et seq. effects 
 of this, 105 and France, difference 
 between the funds in, 1 1 5 her inter- 
 vention in South America unjustifi- 
 able, 130 its ultimate disastrous 
 effects, 131 Parga garrisoned by, III. 
 xiv. 8 its surrender and evacuation, 
 10 debates in parliamenton it, 11 ef- 
 forts of, on behalf of the Principalities, 
 1823, 82 increasing sympathy with 
 Greece in, 100 the Greek blockade 
 recognised by, 102 views of, regard- 
 ing Greece, 143 protocol regarding 
 Greece agreed to, 144, 145 the treaty 
 
 urge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 123 
 
 of 6th July regarding Greece, 151 
 naval preparations to enforce it, 155 
 final note to Turkey, 157 views ou 
 the battle of Navarino, 168 efforts 
 to bring about accommodation be- 
 tween Russia and Turkey, xv. 136 
 concurs in French expedition to 
 Greece in 1828, 140 effects of pri- 
 mogeniture in, xvi. 51 convention 
 with France regarding the slave trade, 
 66 agricultural progress in, compared 
 with France, xvii. 38 negotiations 
 with France regarding the expedition 
 to Algiers, 41 embarkation of Charles 
 X. for, 97, 98 difference between, 
 and France, as regards the selection 
 of ministers, 101 position of the 
 crown in, as compared with that of 
 Charles X. in France, 102 intended 
 coalition against, 118 the political 
 reasons for it, 119 association of reli- 
 gion and order in, 121 contrast be- 
 tween, and France as regards their re- 
 volution, 136 class of newspaper writ- 
 ers in, compared with France, xviii. 
 74 advantages and evils of paper 
 currency in, xix. 1 contraction of 
 currency by bill of 1819, 2 effect of 
 the South American revolutions on 
 its currency, 3 exports to South 
 America, 1817-25, ib. note cause 
 which augmented the currency in 
 1823, 4 change of prices not imme- 
 diate but gradual, 5 effect of the 
 expanded currency on them in 1823 
 and 1824, 6 general prosperity in 
 1823-4, 7 symptoms of increased 
 prosperity, 8 picture of state of 
 country from 1815 to 1823, 9 bud- 
 get of 1823, 10 and 1824, 11 con- 
 version of dead-weight, 12 reduction 
 of four per cents, 13 arrangements 
 regarding national debt, 14 grants 
 for new churches, Windsor Castle, 
 and National Gallery, 15 prosperous 
 state of the country, 16 ministerial 
 changes, 1822 to 1825, 17 liberal 
 measures of the cabinet, 18 the na- 
 vigation laws, 20 Mr Wallace's five 
 free-trade bills, 1822, 22 retaliatory 
 measures threatened by Prussia, 23 
 debate on the reciprocity system, 
 24 et seq. effect of it on her shipping, 
 30 increase of colonial trade, 32 
 statistics of shipping employed with 
 her colonies, 32 note failure of re- 
 ciprocity system to increase her ex- 
 ports, 33 causes of this, 34, 35 
 commencement of the free-trade sys- 
 tem, 36 indication thus afforded of 
 the growth of the commercial class, 
 41 results of this system, 47 state 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 of the silk trade, 48 introduction of 
 free trade in reference to it, 49 com- 
 parative importance of agriculture and 
 manufactures in, 42 the home and 
 foreign markets, 43 reduction of 
 duties on wools, 50 effects of these 
 changes, 51 repeal of laws against 
 emigration of artisans and combina- 
 tions among workmen, 52 effects of 
 this change, 53 cause of frequency of 
 strikes, 57 affairs in the West Indies 
 and Ireland, 60 picture of the state 
 of the empire in 1825, 61 et seq. 
 sound condition of trade and manu- 
 factures to end of 1824, 64 this 
 owing to extended currency, 65- 
 causes of danger, 66 excess of im- 
 ports over exports, 67 drain of 
 specie produced by South American 
 speculations, 68 budget for 1825, 69 
 reductions of taxation, and public 
 accounts, 70 reduction of duty on 
 spirits, 71 consequent increase of 
 crime, 72 spirits consumed, and 
 criminal commitments, 1821-48, 73 
 note temperance leagues, 75 renew- 
 ed measures in favour of free trade, 
 76 change in laws regarding colonial 
 shipping, 77 its effects, 78 approach 
 of the monetary crisis, 79 severity of 
 the crash, 80 increased circulation 
 forced on government, 81 causes of 
 it, 82 immigration from Ireland into, 
 IV. xx. 4 grants from, to Ireland, 5 
 exports from Ireland to, 6 renewal 
 of alien act, 29 act for uniformity 
 of weights and measures, 31 chancery 
 reform, 32 act to suppress the Catho- 
 lic Association, 33 Catholic emanci- 
 pation bill, 43 it rejected by the 
 Lords, 44 impression produced by 
 the Duke of York's declaration, 48 
 gloomy state of, in opening of 1826, 
 xxi. 1 riots in various places, 2 
 king's speech, and letting out of bonded 
 grain, 3 real causes of the distress, 
 and its remedy, 4 debate on the sup- 
 pression of small notes, 5 et seq. bill 
 for it carried, 16 importance of this 
 decision, 17 its effects, ib. et seq. 
 passion for political change, 17 error 
 in the debates on it, 18 et seq. 
 measures of relief proposed, 23 the 
 banking system in Scotland and Ire- 
 land, 24 et seq. the emigration ques- 
 tion, 26 appointment of committee 
 on it, 27 debates on it, 28 impor- 
 tance of the subject, 29 finances, 32 
 debate on repeal of the corn 
 laws, 33 et seq. interim admission of 
 foreign grain, 41 heat and drought 
 in 1826, 43 dissolution of parliament, 
 
 tlie Paragraph.
 
 124 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Great Britain, continued. 
 
 and elections, 44 opening of the new 
 one, 46 temporary relaxation of the 
 corn laws, 47 king's messsge regard- 
 ing Portugal 48 causes of the differ- 
 ence, 49 debates on the subject, 50 
 et seq. sailing of expedition for Lis- 
 bon, 54 improved state of the coun- 
 try in 1827, 56 death of the Duke of 
 York, 57 retirement of Lord Liver- 
 pool, 60 appointment of Mr Canning 
 as his successor, 64 composition 
 of new cabinet, 66 importance of 
 these events, 67 reception of the 
 change in parliament, 68 the Catholic 
 bill rejected, 71 ministerial measure 
 on the corn laws, 77 finances of 
 1826, 1827, 1828, 81 proceedings in 
 parliament regarding silk weavers and 
 shipowners, 82 commencement of 
 the reform question, 83 death of 
 Canning, 86 sensation caused by it, 
 87 et seq. reconstruction of the cabi- 
 net, 91 reduction of the yeomanry, 
 93 dissolution of the Goderich min- 
 istry, 94 Wellington becomes pre- 
 mier, 95 resignation of Huskisson 
 and his friends, 96 reconstruction of 
 cabinet by Wellington, 97 notice of 
 Navarino in king's speech, 98 grant 
 to Canning's family, 99 finance com- 
 mittee and Catholic question, 100 
 corn-law bill, 101 bill for suppression 
 of small notes, 1 02 repeal of test and 
 corporation acts, 103 increase of 
 disturbances in Ireland, 111 in- 
 fluence of the Catholic Association 
 there, 113 election of O'Connell for 
 Clare, 114 results of this triumph, 
 115 proclamation against the meet- 
 ings, 119 Protestant meeting at 
 Penenden Heath, 120 the king urges 
 proceedings against the Catholics, 121 
 difficulties of the question, 122 
 commencement of the yielding in the 
 cabinet, 123 Mr Dawson's speech, 
 124 letters of the Duke of Welling- 
 ton and lord-lieutenant, 125 in- 
 creased violence of the Catholic leaders, 
 126 difficulties with the king, 127 
 the king's speech, 128 sensation 
 caused by it, 129 Mr Peel's argu- 
 ment in favour of the Catholics, 130 
 et seq. answer of the anti-Catholics, 
 140 et seq. division, and resistance to 
 the bill in the country, 147 speech 
 of Wellington in the Lords, 148 bill 
 carried in the Peers, 149 reluctance 
 of the king to it, 150 bill for disfran- 
 chising the forty -shilling freeholders, 
 151 decision against O'Connell's sit- 
 ting, 152 his re-election, 153 the re- 
 
 The Lai 
 
 suits of Catholic emancipation,! 58 el seq. 
 effects of emancipation on govern- 
 ment of, 165 the reform bill induced 
 by it, 168 effects of reform in induc- 
 ing free trade, 169 effects of these 
 changes on Ireland, 1 70 and on the 
 empire, 171 reaction against Catholi- 
 cism, 172 interval between emancipa- 
 tion and the reform bill occupied by 
 reform, xxii. 1 want of representation 
 for the commercial towns, 2 interests 
 of boroughs now at variance with those 
 of the country, 3 effects of the con- 
 traction of the currency on the desire 
 for reform, 4 effect of Catholic 
 agitation in stimulating the desire 
 for reform, 5 division among the 
 Tories from the effects of the contrac- 
 tion of the currency, 6 the desire for 
 reform aided by Catholic emancipa- 
 tion, 7 effect of the suppression of 
 small notes, 8 motion on the distress 
 of the silk- weavers, 9 the budget for 
 1829, 10 Attwood on the causes of 
 Irish distress and agitation, 11 effect 
 of the monetary system on manufac- 
 tures, 12 refusal of government to 
 interfere in Portugal, 13 the expedi- 
 tion to Terceira, 14 distress during 
 
 1829, 16 riots, 17 agitation for re- 
 peal of the union in Ireland, 18 riots 
 there, 19 meeting of parliament, 
 
 1830, 20 debate on the public distress 
 in the Peers, 21 declared changes in 
 parliament, 25 position of Welling- 
 ton, 26 motion for reducing the 
 salaries of public officers, 28 for re- 
 duction of the army and navy, 29 
 for a revision of the system of taxa- 
 tion, 30 defeat of ministers, 31 -Mr 
 Attwood's motion on the currency, 32 
 
 financial measures, and great re- 
 ductions by government, 33 taxes 
 remitted, 34 failure of the budget to 
 relieve the distress, 35 Mr Baring on 
 the abandonment of the sinking fund, 
 36 reflections on this, 33 it arose 
 from the repeal of indirect taxes, 39 
 and this from contraction of the cur- 
 rency, 40 which caused the cry for 
 reform, 41 disinclination of the 
 Whigs to reform, 42 various motions 
 on it during session of 1830, 43 rise 
 of the political unions, and their in- 
 fluence, 44 illness and death of 
 George IV., 45 the events of his 
 reign, 47 accession of William IV., 
 and his character, 50 position of 
 ministers after his accession, 53 de- 
 bate on a regency, 54 prosecutions of 
 the press, and West India question, 55 
 
 dissolution of parliament, 56 
 
 fje Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 125 
 
 result of the elections, 57 state of 
 Ireland, 58 the elections there, 59 
 opening of Manchester and Liverpool 
 Eailway, 60 death of Huskisson, 61 
 reflections on the railway system, and 
 its rapid growth, 62 et seq. disturb- 
 ances and incendiarism in the south, 
 70 the king's speech, 71 Lord Grey's 
 declaration on reform, 72 Welling- 
 ton's against it, 73 effect produced by 
 it, 74 Brougham's plan' of reform, 75 
 postponement of king's visit to the 
 city, 76 ministers in a minority, and 
 their resignation, 79 reflections on the 
 the fall of the Wellington ministry, xxiii. 
 1 causes which rendei - ed the change 
 so decisive, 2 origin of these, 4 im- 
 portance of the Duke's declaration 
 against reform, 5 difficulty in fixing 
 the ministry, and Mr Brougham's 
 claims, 6 character of the leading 
 members of the ministry, 7 et seq. 
 distracted state of the country during 
 the winter, 25 agitation, &c, in Ire- 
 land, 26 agitation for repeal of the 
 Union, and illusive prosecution of 
 O'Connell, 27 the budget, and its 
 defeat, 28 description of taxes to be 
 taken off and laid on, 29 committee 
 on the reform bill, 30 feeling in the 
 country, and petitions, 31 introduc- 
 tion of the bill, 32 et seq. exposition 
 of the ministerial plan, 42 et seq. its 
 reception in the House, 46 argu- 
 ments against it, 47 et seq. leave 
 granted to bring in the bill, and 
 division of Conservatives and Re- 
 formers in the country, 54 agitation 
 in the country, 55 petition from 
 the merchants and bankers of London 
 against the bill, 56 division on the 
 second reading, 57 General Gas- 
 coigne's motion against ministers, 58 
 dangers on both sides in ulterior 
 measures, 59 settlement on royal 
 family, 60 efforts of the ministry to 
 win the king, 61 means by which he 
 is induced to dissolve parliament, 62 
 violent scene in the House, 64 
 and in the House of Lords on the dis- 
 solution, 65 violence at the elections, 
 66 riots in Scotland, 67 results of 
 the elections, 68 preparations for in- 
 surrection by ihe political unions, 69 
 delusions among the people, 70 
 parties opposed to the reform bill, 71 
 king's speech on opening parlia- 
 ment, 72 majority for the bill, 73 
 discussion on particular boroughs, 74 
 motion to give members to the 
 colonies, 75 motion on 50 tenants, 
 76 third reading of the bill, 77 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 efforts to intimidate the Peers, 78 
 Earl Grey's speech in the House of 
 Lords, 79 bill thrown out in the 
 House of Lords, 81 vote of con- 
 fidence earned in the Commons, 82 
 disorders in London and the country, 
 83 meeting of political unions at 
 Birmingham, 84 riots at Derby and 
 Nottingham, 85 and at Bristol, 86 
 et seq. effects of these scenes, 90 
 disturbances in other quarters, 91 
 proclamation against the unions, 92 
 introduction of the new reform bill, 
 93 its increased democratic character, 
 94 division on it, 95 majority on 
 third reading, 96 general distress, 
 and motion regarding it, 97 declining 
 state of the revenue, 98 state of Ire- 
 land, 99 resolution to create peers, 
 101 agitation and reluctance of the 
 king, 102 negotiations with the 
 waverers, 103 revolutionary meetings 
 to coerce the Peers, 104 majority for 
 second reading in Peers, 105 and for 
 Lord Lyndhurst's amendment, 106 
 ministers resign, 107 Wellington sent 
 for, 108 excitement in the country, 
 109 Wellington fails in forming a 
 ministry, 110 Lord Ebrington's mo- 
 tion carried, 111 the king gives 
 authority to create peers, 112 his 
 circular to the opposition peers, 1 13 
 the bill passed, and receives the royal 
 assent, 115 the Scotch and Irish bills 
 passed, 116 vast effects of them, 117 
 lasting and important effects of the 
 bill, 118 its results on the imperial 
 parliament, 119 effects of this change 
 on our external relations, 120 and on 
 internal and social state, 121 the 
 great emigration due to changes caused 
 by it, 122 principle of the old con- 
 stitution, 123 this proved by the acts 
 of the House of Commons, 124 equal 
 distribution of public burdens, 125 
 causes of difficulties of representative 
 system, 126 what first broke up the 
 old constitution, 127 the reform bill 
 an effect of the increase of realised 
 wealth, 128 and of fall of prices 
 caused by contraction of currency, 
 129 how this fall caused the passion 
 for reform, 130 prices in, from 1824- 
 32, ib. note cause of the hostility to 
 the close boroughs, 131 this increased 
 by the talent which got in through 
 them, 132 changes of opinion during 
 the reform movement, 133 the new 
 constituencies some time of discover- 
 ing their power, 134 mistake in the 
 estimates as to the reform bill, 135 
 command of the Commons given by 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 126 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Great Britain, continued. 
 
 the bill to the shopkeepers, 136 
 errors on both sides during the con- 
 test, 137 great and early fault of the 
 Conservatives, 138 what they should 
 have done, 139 their error in throw- 
 ing out the Wellington ministry, 140 
 the Duke's declaration against re- 
 form, 141 error of the liberals in 
 forcing on reform at this time, 142 
 error in the uniform representation 
 of the boroughs, 143 mistake of the 
 Whigs as to the influence in the 
 boroughs, 144 practical disfranchise- 
 ment of the colonial and shipping 
 interests, 145 subjection of these to 
 adverse interests, 146 consequent ex- 
 emption of the urban interests from 
 direct taxation, 147 prospective 
 abandonment of the colonies, 148 
 this defended by the government and 
 Free-traders, 149 labour was unre- 
 presented, 150 want of representa- 
 tion of intelligence and education, 
 151 danger from this, 152 talent 
 driven to the press, 153 increase of 
 corruption, 154 the ballot and ex- 
 tended suffrage would further increase 
 this, 155 fault of the liberals in the 
 way the bill was carried, 156 danger 
 of coercing the House of Peers, 157 
 wisdom of the withdrawal of the 
 peers, 158 summary of the faults on 
 both sides, 159 the producing classes 
 still a majority in number and value, 
 160 the bill has strengthened govern- 
 ment, 161 where the risk now lies, 
 162 way in which the moneyed 
 classes had got the command of the 
 producing, 163 sums spent by work- 
 ing classes on drink, 164 political 
 truth evolved by the bill, 166 ef- 
 fects of uniform representation in, 
 167 recognition of Louis Philippe 
 by the government of, xxiv. 47 
 reception of the Duke of Brunswick 
 in, 85 jealousy in, as to the re- 
 volution in Belgium, xxv. 1 a 
 party to convention for separation of 
 Belgium and Holland, 20, 22 feeling 
 on Louis Philippe's refusal of the 
 crown of Belgium for his son, 23 
 views regarding Holland and Belgium, 
 62 reasons which led her to support 
 the Belgians, 63 change in her policy 
 toward Belgium, 66 change in her 
 language regarding Luxembourg, 67 
 progress of negotiation, and secret 
 treaty with, 68 concurs in the French 
 intervention in Belgium, 72 sailing 
 of her fleet for the Scheldt, ib. acqui- 
 escence of the northern powers in her 
 
 The Lay 
 
 interference, 74 assents to the French 
 intervention in Portugal, 76 experi- 
 ence as to the advantages of a here- 
 ditary peerage, 106 causes of the 
 superiority of the aristocracy as states- 
 men, 107, 108 importance of their 
 interests being identified with those 
 of production, 109 declines to inter- 
 vene with France in Poland, xxvi. 30 
 imports of grain from Germany into, 
 V. xxvii. 7 effect of the liberal move- 
 ment on Germany, 21 effect in Ger- 
 many of her alliance with France, 47 
 feeling in, on the arbitrary measures 
 of the Germanic Diet, 50 commercial 
 treaty of Prussia with, 1841, 66 in- 
 crease of duties in Prussia on her 
 cottons, 76 opposes the Austrian in- 
 tervention in Italy, xxix. 27 prepara- 
 tions with France for war with 
 Holland, 84 convention between 
 them for ceding Antwerp to Belgium, 
 85 want of preparation in, 87 pre- 
 parations for the siege, 88 feeling on 
 the capture of Antwerp, 94 influence 
 of these events on her power, 100 
 danger of, on the passing of the re- 
 form bill, xxxi. 1 assaults on the 
 Duke of Wellington and the king, 2 
 power at the disposal of ministers, 3 
 influence of the practical turn of the 
 English mind at this crisis, 4 the 
 nobility were at the head of the move- 
 ment, 5 effect of the Conservatives 
 remaining at their posts, 6 modera- 
 tion of government, 7 beneficial in- 
 fluence in Ireland of the See of Rome 
 at this time, 8 influence of the 
 cholera in checking the reform mania, 
 9 distressed state of the finances, 10 
 the Russo-Belgian loan, 11 state of 
 Ireland, and resistance to tithes, 12 
 declaration of government on the 
 subject, and recommendations of the 
 committee, 13 reflections on this, 14 
 facts brought out in the evidence 
 and the debate, 15, 16 government 
 plan, which is opposed by O'Connell, 
 17 increased agitation and violence 
 in Ireland, lfi murders and burnings 
 there, 19 ineffectual efforts of the 
 government, 20 renewed efforts of 
 theagitators, and their falsehoods, 21 
 small amount of the individual arrears, 
 22 king's speech on proroguing 
 parliament, 23 success of the re- 
 gistration of electors law, 24 system 
 of requiring pledges from candidates, 
 25 result of the new elections, 26 
 opening of parliament, 27 wordiness 
 of the new House, and regulations 
 in consequence, 28 regulations for 
 
 ye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 127 
 
 forenoon hours in it, 2 9 coercion bill 
 for Ireland, 30 debate on the coercion 
 bill, 31 et seq. reflections on it, 43 
 its wisdom and necessity, 44 bill for 
 reduction of Irish church establish- 
 ment, 45 progress of the bill, 51 
 new ministerial project regarding 
 tithes, 52 general distress in the 
 country, 55 Mr Attwood's picture of 
 state of country, 56 answer of minis- 
 ters, 57 the budget for 1833, 58 
 ministers defeated on malt tax, 59 
 and this vote rescinded, 60 results of 
 these votes on public opinion, 61 
 decline in popularity of minister.-;, 62 
 patriotic conduct of government and 
 the Conservatives, 63 renewal of the 
 bank charter, 64 arguments against 
 bill, 65 and for it, 66 feeling of the 
 country on the East India question, 
 68 government plan on it, 69 the 
 bill, and arguments for it, 70 et seq. 
 passing of it, 73 injustice done to 
 India by it, 74 the West India 
 question, 75 sketch of its history, 76 
 et seq. what government should have 
 done, 83 progressive emancipation 
 rejected by the planters, 85 refusal 
 of the colonies to act on the resolu- 
 tions of parliament, 80 Orders in 
 Council on slavery, slave insurrection, 
 and its suppression, 87, 88 resistance 
 of the colonists to Orders in Council, 
 89 feeling in favour of immediate 
 emancipation, 90 arguments for it, 
 91 result of debate, 97 counter re- 
 solution of the West India proprietors, 
 98 grant of 20,000,000 to them, 99 
 
 reasons which induced them to 
 acquiesce in the arrangement, 100, 
 103 large and unjust taxes to which 
 their produce was exposed, 101 
 causes which rendered these bearable 
 during the war, 102 ultimate effects 
 of the measui'e on the West India 
 Islands, 104 its effects to the negroes, 
 105 effects of emancipation on the 
 slave trade, 106, 107 causes of its 
 failure, &c, and abandonment of the 
 apprenticeship system, 108 bill re- 
 garding shortening infant labour in 
 factories, 109 close of session, and 
 review of its proceedings, 110 im- 
 proved state of commercial interests, 
 and continued depression of land, 111 
 effect of changes in currency in 
 stimulating industry, 112 difficulties 
 of ministers from the Irish members 
 and Radicals, 113 commencement of 
 agitation for repeal of the Union, 114 
 
 attack on Baron Smith, 115 
 O'Connell's argument for repeal, 116 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 et seq. answer of government, 121 
 et seq. result of debate, 125 increas- 
 ed agitation, 126 its chances of 
 success, 127 divisions of government 
 on Irish church question, 128 re- 
 signation of Stanley, Graham, &c, 129 
 
 effect of this secession on the 
 government, 130 king's declaration 
 on Irish church, 131 effect of this 
 speech, 132 the movement party 
 resolve to force on Mr Ward's motion, 
 133 question brought befoi'e House 
 of Lords, 134 effect of these declara- 
 tions on the part of government, 135 
 tithe bill, 136 it opposed by all 
 parties, 137 division in cabinet on 
 Irish coercion bill, 138 negotiation 
 of Lyttleton with O'Connell, 139 
 resignation of Lyttleton, Althorpe, and 
 Grey, 140 Lord Melbourne premier, 
 and changes in cabinet, 142 modified 
 coercion bill, 143 fate of Irish church 
 bill, 144 poor-law amendment bill, 
 145 effect of the contraction of 
 the currency on this matter, 146 
 report of poor-law commissioners re- 
 commending a change, 147 debate on 
 the bill, 148 et seq. it is carried, 151 
 
 . its further progress, 152 its ulti- 
 mate effect, 154 prorogation of par- 
 liament, 155 financial state, 156 
 weakness of government, and dis- 
 turbances in Ireland, 157 riot at 
 Rathcormack, 158 hostility of the 
 press to the ministry, 159 their dis- 
 missal, and Wellington applied to, 160 
 
 application of Turkey to, after 
 battle of Konieh, and its rejection, 
 xxxii. 21 acquiesces in the Russian 
 intervention, 26 mission of Lord 
 Durham, to St Petersburg, 27 re- 
 monstrances against treaty of Unkiar- 
 Skelessi, 31 views and policy regard- 
 ing Greece, 33 jealousy regarding 
 Egypt, 40 divergence of view on the 
 Eastern question between her and 
 France, 41 causes of the coldness be- 
 tween them, 42 commercial treaty 
 with Turkey, ib. and with Austria, 43 
 efforts to avert hostilities between 
 Turkey and Mehemet Ali, 46 views 
 of, regarding Russia, &c, 47 note a 
 party to treaty for settlement of the 
 East, 57 military preparations to en- 
 force it, 58 irritation of France 
 against her, 60 danger of a rupture 
 between them, 61 naval forces for 
 the operations in Syria, 62 violence 
 of the French press against, 66 
 anxiety of, for accommodation with 
 Mehemet Ali, 74 a party to the 
 treaty of March 1841 regarding the 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 128 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Great Britain, continued. 
 Dardanelles, &c., 76 rejoicings on it, 
 77 and on the successes at Acre, &c, 
 ib. the advantage to her more appa- 
 rent than real, 78 fatal effects of her 
 refusal of aid to Turkey, 79 this 
 arose from the reform bill and the 
 contraction of the currency, 80 
 danger in 1841 from the mania for 
 reduction, 81 remonstrance against 
 occupation of Cracow, xxxiii. 61 in- 
 adequacy of military force, 1838, VI. 
 xxxiv. 16 Louis Napoleon takes re- 
 fuge in, 20 views of government on 
 the Belgian question, 1838, 24 applica- 
 tion from France to, for the remains 
 of Napoleon, 78 Guizot's account of 
 her policy on the Eastern question, 
 90 Thiers on this, &c, 91 memo- 
 randum of Guizot to, on the Eastern 
 question, 98 position of, on the 
 Eastern crisis, 100 great effect of the 
 changes in the currency laws during 
 the peace, xxxv. 1 their leading evils, 
 2 error from which they sprang, 3 
 danger of a currency based on reten- 
 tion of bullion, 4 partial recognition 
 of these principles, 5 double danger 
 of currency based on retention of 
 gold, 6 remedy for these evils, 7 
 cause of rise of interest, 8 argument 
 of the bullionists for their system, 9 
 answer to it, 10 currency to be based 
 on the national security, 11 effect of 
 the monetary laws in inducing the 
 prosperity of 1835, 12 growing pro- 
 sperity of 1835 and 1836, 13 joint- 
 stock mania, 14 burning of the two 
 Houses of Parliament, 15 Sir P. 
 Peel's cabinet, 16 peaceable manner 
 in which the change of ministry was 
 received, 18 result of elections' in 
 England, 19 in Scotland, 20 the 
 Irish elections, and junction of Libe- 
 rals and Catholics there, 21 division 
 on choice of a Speaker, 22 division on 
 the address, 23 the king's reception 
 of it, 24 indignation of the Whigs 
 at Peel's not resigning, 25 motion 
 for repeal of malt tax, 26 diminu- 
 tion in consumption of beer, 27 de- 
 bate on Lord Londonderry's appoint- 
 ment as ambassador to St Petersburg, 
 28 he declines, 29 Sir P. Peel's 
 remedial measures, 30 debate on 
 Irish church question, 32 ct seq. di- 
 vision on it, and resignation of mini- 
 sters, 43 new ministry, 44 import- 
 ance of Sir P. Peel's administration, 
 45 it averted the danger of revolu- 
 tion, 46 l-estoration of House of 
 Peers to its functions, 47 its effects 
 
 Tlce La 
 
 on Ireland, 48 liberal measures forced 
 on government, 49 Lord Melbourne's 
 announcement of his principles of gov- 
 ernment, xxxvi. 1 defeats of mini- 
 sters at new elections, 3 ministerial 
 measures of reform, 4 Scotch burgh 
 reform bill, 5 government report 
 on the English corporations, 6 the 
 ministerial corporate reform bill, 7 
 political features of the bill, 8 
 debate on the bill, 9 its fate in the 
 Commons and Peers, 15 reflections 
 on it, 16 et seq. ministerial bill for 
 church reform, 19 motions on the 
 currency, agricultural distress, and 
 Orange lodges, 20 the budget, and ex- 
 tinction of the surplus, 21 O'Con- 
 nell's crusade against the Peers, 22 
 spread of these views, 23 apprehen- 
 sions of the ministerialists, 24 crea- 
 tion of Whig peers, 25 state of West 
 Indies, 26 commencement of troubles 
 in Canada, 27 et seq. opening of par- 
 liament, and king's speech, 1836, 30 
 state of Irish corporations, 31 govern- 
 ment plan, and abuses complained of, 
 32 debate on the bill, 33 et seq. the 
 bill carried in the Commons, 38 it is 
 altered in the Lords and finally rejected, 
 39 Irish church bill again carried in 
 the Commons andrejected in the Lords, 
 40 perils of these collisions, 41 in- 
 creased agitation against the House of 
 Lords, 42 effects of this in Ireland, 43 
 re-cstablishmeiit of Catholic Associa- 
 tion, 44 recommendation of poor law 
 for Ireland, 45 Mr Nicholl's report 
 ou it, 47 English tithe bill, and bill 
 for registration of births, &c, 48 
 Agricultural Distress Committee, and 
 refusal of currency investigation, 49 
 the budget, 50 weakness of army and 
 navy, 51 Lord D. Stuart on the Rus- 
 sian power in the East, 52 increasing 
 discontent in Canada, and settlement 
 of the upper province, 53 violence 
 of the Assembly in the lower province, 
 54 public meetings on both sides, 55 
 the Glasgow banquet to Sir P. Peel, 
 56 opening of parliament, 57 Irish 
 corporations bill, 58 Irish poor-law 
 bill, 59 statistics of Irish destitution, 
 60, 61 establishment of poor law 
 there, 62 ministerial plan for abo- 
 lishing church-rates, 64 Lord Nor- 
 manby's administration in Ireland, 65 
 compromise on the appropriation 
 clause and the municipal bill, 06 
 settlement of Irish municipal bill, 68 
 affair of the Vixen, 70 ct acq. proceed- 
 ings in parliament on it, 72 death of 
 the king, 73 accession of Queen Vic- 
 
 ge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 129 
 
 toria, 74 her speech to the privy 
 council, 75 separation of Hanover 
 from, 76 character of William IV., 78 
 et seq. beneficial effect of the change 
 of ministry and dissolution, 80, 81 
 extent and prosperity of empire on ac- 
 cession of Victoria, xxxvii. 1 its 
 sources of weakness, 2 general dis- 
 content in, 3 exports to the United 
 States, 10, 32 note effect of the bank- 
 ing crisis in the United States, 33 
 excess of imports over exports, 34 
 bad seasons from 1836 to 1841, 35 
 calamitousharvests of 1 838 and 1839, 36 
 bad crop of 1839, 37 those of 1840 
 and 1841, 38 distress during these 
 years, 39 effect of these changes on 
 the currency, 40 contraction of cur- 
 rency, rise of interest, and stoppage of 
 credit, 41 general terror at export of 
 gold from, 42 effects of it, 43 panic 
 in Belgium and France from it, 44 
 distress in the country, 45 decline of 
 prices the cause of this suffering, 46 
 effects of these disasters on new poor- 
 law act, 47 dissatisfaction with it, and 
 its practical abrogation by the distress 
 of 1839, 48 debate on it in the House 
 of Commons, 49 trades unions and 
 strikes, chartism and ribbonism, 50 
 origin of trades unions, 51 increase of 
 strikes from 1834 to 1837, 52 great 
 cotton-spinners' strike in 1837, and its 
 break up, 53 trial of the leaders for 
 conspiracy and murder, 54 its results, 
 55 beneficial results of the trial, 56 
 importance of subject of strikes, and 
 reflections on it, 57 et seq. remedy 
 against them, 61 rise of chartism, 62 
 its popularity, 63 real objects of it, 
 64 progress of the movement, 65 
 Chartist riot at Birmingham, 66 moral 
 effect of this outbreak, 67 the New- 
 port riots, 68 origin of the Anti-corn 
 law League, 70 causes of its success, 
 71 first proceedings in parliament on 
 the subject, 72 Free Kirk movement 
 in Scotland, 73 origin of the secession, 
 and severance of the church there, 74 
 effects of the schism, 75 the affairs 
 of Canada, 77 et seq. the insurrection 
 there, 81 that in Upper Canada, 85 
 et seq. excitement on the outbreak in 
 Canada, and measures of government, 
 93 course followed by government 
 regarding the Canadian prisoners, 99 
 state of parties, and weakness of 
 government, 100 resignation of Lord 
 Durham, 101 fresh outbreak of the 
 rebellion in Canada, 103 ct seq. 
 exports from, to Canada, 112 clamour 
 for the abolition of the apprenticeship 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 system in the West Indies, 121 its 
 abolition, 122 falling off in exports 
 to West Indies, 125 note position of 
 the ministry, 126 debate on measure 
 suspending constitution of Jamaica, 
 127 et seq. small majority for mini- 
 sters, and their resignation, 1 32 Sir 
 R. Peel is sent for, 134 difficulty re- 
 garding the household appointments, 
 and failure of the negotiation, 135 
 observations of Peel, Melbourne, and 
 Wellington on this, 136 election of 
 speaker, and second Jamaica bill, 137 
 popularity of the queen after her 
 accession, xxxviii. 1 her coronation, 
 2 her marriage, 3 reforms in cri- 
 minal law, 6 reflections on this, and 
 the neglect of secondary punishments, 
 7 mode in which this was brought 
 about, 8 resolution of parliament re- 
 garding colonisation, 9 facts brought 
 out in this debate, 10 mal-administra- 
 tion of her colonial lands, 11 new 
 colonial system, 12 first settlement 
 in New Zealand, 13 post-office reform, 
 Mr Hill's plan, 18 its results, 19 
 causes of its failure as a source of 
 revenue, 20 Stockdale's case, and the 
 privilege of parliament, 21 committal 
 of the sheriffs, 22 reflections on the 
 subject, 23 murder of Lord Norbury, 
 and statistics of crime in Ireland, 25, 
 26 alliance of government with O'Con- 
 nell, 27 Lord Norinanby's libera- 
 tion of prisoners, 28 inadequacy of 
 remedies applied to Irish misery, 29 
 it the battle-field of parties, 30 state 
 of the finances, 31 increased perils of 
 the country in various quarters, 32 
 injustice of general opinion on this, 33 
 increase of army in 1839, 34 weak- 
 ness of navy, 35 cry for abolition of 
 corn laws, 36 motion for it lost, 37 
 increased agitation on it, 38 Oxford's 
 attack on the queen, 39 difficulties 
 of ministers, 40 new reform bill for 
 Ireland and its fate, 41 budget, 1841, 
 42 debate on the budget, 43 et seq. 
 vote of want of confidence, 54 dis- 
 solution of parliament, 55 excitement 
 in the country, 56 result of the 
 elections in favour of the Tories, 57 
 defeats of ministers, and their resigna- 
 tion, 58 reflections on their fall, 59 
 her supremacy destroyed by the 
 reform bill, 61 causes to which this 
 was owing, 62 the empire of, in India, 
 xxxix. 3 advantages of her govern- 
 ment there, 4 and its evils, 5 extent 
 of its empire there, 6 great pay- 
 ments drawn to, 7 injury to in- 
 dustry from the connection with, 9 
 
 the Paragraph. I
 
 130 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Great Britain, continued. 
 difficulties as regards public works in 
 India, 14 drain of precious metals to 
 India, 32 energetic preparations 
 against the Burmese, 62 treaty with 
 Persia, 1814, xl. 27 jealousy of Russia 
 in the East, 28 effect of the political 
 changes with regard to Russia, 31 
 effect of her interference at Herat on 
 her influence in the East, 51, 52 
 honours conferred on the leaders of 
 the Affghanistan expedition, 75 in- 
 justice of the Affghanistan expedition, 
 137 character of Sir R. Peel, and its 
 influence on the destinies of the 
 country, VII. xli. 1 et seq. forma- 
 tion of Peel ministry, 14 difficulties 
 in foreign affairs, 15 aspect of in- 
 ternal affairs, 16 statistical details 
 showing general distress, 17 diffi- 
 culties in finance, and from inadequate 
 national armaments, 18 distress in 
 manufacturing districts, 19 riots in 
 England, 1842, 20 and in Scotland, 
 21 measures of repression, "22 their 
 effects, 23 use made of the general 
 distress against the Peel ministry, 24 
 agitation by the Anti-corn-law League, 
 and real causes of the distress, 25 
 session of 1841, 26 opening of parlia- 
 ment of 1842, 27 Sir R. Peel's plan, 
 28 et seq. proposed sliding scale, 31 
 answer of opposition, 32 et seq. bill 
 carried, 40 reception of it, 41 fin- 
 ancial difficulties of the ministry, 42 
 financial measures proposed, 43 re- 
 ception of the plan by the opposition 
 and the country, 49 argument against 
 the income tax, 50 passing of the 
 bill, 55 reflections on the tariff, and 
 reasons for it, 56 advantages which 
 would have ensued from extension of 
 the currency, 57 the income tax, 58 
 its partiality, &c, 59 reasons of this 
 injustice, 60 intelligence of Affghan- 
 istan disaster, 61 copyright act, 62 et 
 seq. extension of dangers of literature, 
 64 the temperance movement in Ire- 
 land, 65 its progress and decline, 66 
 commencement of the repeal agita- 
 tion, 67 monster meetings, 68 their 
 character, .and language used, 69 
 measures of government, and arms 
 bill, 70 arrest, trial, &c, of O'Connell, 
 71 effect of these proceedings, 74 
 fine harvest of 1842, and improvement 
 in the country in 1843, 76, 77 Lord 
 Ashley's bill for infant labour, 78 Sir 
 James Graham's factory and education 
 bill, 79 new factory bill, and ten 
 hours amendment, 80 Rebecca riots, 
 82 their increase, 83 bill removing 
 
 The L 
 
 their cause, 84 the Chartist and anti- 
 corn-law movemente, 85 -'differences 
 with America, 86 question of right 
 of search, 87 its settlement, 88 dis- 
 pute about the Maine boundary, 89 
 et seq. treaty for its settlement, 91 
 the Oregon question, 93 its settle- 
 ment, 94, 95 reflections on these 
 treaties, 96 the Tahiti dispute with 
 France, 97 et seq, adjustment of it, 
 101 negotiations with France on the 
 Spanish marriages, 102 reduction of 
 the three-and-a-half per cents, 103 fa- 
 vourable financial statement of 1844, 
 104 reduction of taxes, 105 and of 
 sugar duties, 106 bank charter act, 107 
 debate on it, 108 et seq. bill passed, 
 114 similar bills for Scotland and 
 Ireland, 115 population, commerce, 
 &c, 1815 and 1845, 116 note visit of 
 Louis Philippe to, 118 and of the 
 Emperor Nicholas, 119 its political 
 objects, 120 proposed share of, in 
 partition of Turkey, ib. public pros- 
 perity, and the railway mania, xlii. 1 
 its extent, 2 its effect on society, 3 
 and on the public mind, 4 its im- 
 mediate benefits to some classes, 5 
 great effect of these speculations, 6 
 division in the landed interest occa- 
 sioned by it, 7 its good effects on the 
 labouring classes, 8 effect of railway 
 system on commerce and manufac- 
 tures, 9 beneficial effect of railways 
 on working classes, 10 bill reducing 
 deposits to a half, 11 effect of this, 
 12 flourishing state of trade and re- 
 venue, 13 financial statement, 14 
 income tax continued, and indirect 
 taxes repealed, 15 reflections on this, 
 19 causes of the change, 20 increase 
 in Irish crime, 21 grant to secular 
 colleges, 22 enlarged grant to May- 
 nooth, 23 its failure, and causes of 
 this, 24, 25 Scotch poor-law bill, 26 
 et seq. charge of opening letters 
 against Sir James Graham, 31 the 
 alien act, 32 progress of Anti-corn- 
 law League, 33 division on Mr Miles' 
 motion, 34 further divisions on corn 
 laws, and close of session, 35 exten- 
 sion of free trade unavoidable, 36 
 first appearance of the potato disease 
 in, 38 increased efforts of Anti-corn- 
 law League, 39 general alarm, and 
 symptoms of change, 40 Lord John 
 Russell's letter, 41 approach to re- 
 peal of corn laws, and resignation of 
 Sir R. Peel, 44 failure of Russell to 
 form a ministry, and restoration of 
 Peel, 45 announcement of the repeal 
 in the Times, 46 Queen's sjjeech, 47 
 
 irrje Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 131 
 
 the debate on repeal of the corn 
 laws, 48 et seq. reception of the 
 measure in the country, 56 Mr 
 Disraeli's attack on Peel, 57 budget 
 for 1846, 68 determination of the 
 Protectionists to drive Peel from 
 power, 69 increased agrarian out- 
 rages in Ireland, 70 act for their sup- 
 pression, ib. coalition against govern- 
 ment, 71 debate on bill, 72 et seq. 
 defeat of ministers on Irish coercion 
 bill, 81 Sir R. Peel resolves to resign, 
 83 his concluding address, 84 et seq. 
 reflections on his free-trade measures, 
 86 was a return to the corn laws 
 practicable ? 87 the danger of scarcity 
 past before the bill was brought 
 forward, 88 durable reasons for re- 
 peal of the corn laws, 89 real free- 
 trade not introduced, but protection 
 taken from agriculture, 90 conduct 
 of the Irish members on the question, 
 91 adoption of free trade inevitable, 
 94 vast effects of its introduction, 
 xliii. 1 the Whigs and Tories de- 
 stroyed by their own leaders, 2 
 causes which led to these changes, 3 
 formation of new cabinet, 4 meet- 
 ing of parliament, and government 
 plan for sugar duties, 5 et seq. passing 
 of the bill, 16 its results to the West 
 Indies, 1 7 explanation of the feeling 
 of the country on the slave-sugar bill, 
 20 proof of the disfranchisement 
 of the colonies by the reform bill, 21 
 discussion on flogging in the army, 
 22, 23 reflections on it, 24 composi- 
 tion of the army, 25 necessity of cor- 
 poral punishment in the field, 26 
 Lord Palmerston's minute on the de- 
 fences of the country, 27 enrolment 
 of pensioners, 28 details of army, 28 
 note arms bill for Ireland, 29 
 measures for relief of the suffering 
 in Ireland, 30 commencement of 
 the famine, 31 deplorable state of 
 the country, 32 government plans, 
 33 extent of the distress, 34 
 woeful scenes in the country, 35 
 queen's speech, 36 ministerial 
 plan for relief of Ireland, 37, 39- Lord 
 Brougham's picture of the country, 38 
 amended poor and temporary relief 
 act, 40 its results, 41 et seq. morta- 
 lity of the period, 43 pecuniary efforts 
 made, 44 great extent of emigration, 
 45, 46 effects of this exodus, 47 this 
 due to free trade, 48 small amount 
 of voluntary relief, 49 reflections on 
 the famine, 50 potato famine in Scot- 
 land, 51 means taken to combat it, 
 52 Lord George Bentinck's project 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 for Irish railways, 53 his railway 
 scheme, 54 it is opposed by minis- 
 ters, 59 Sir R. Peel's speech against 
 it, 60 division on it, 63 budget of 
 1847, 69 causes which led to the 
 monetary crisis, 71 effect of the Irish 
 famine, 72 progress of the panic, 73 
 difference between this and former 
 crises, 74 debates on it in parliament, 
 75 et seq. debate on navigation laws, 
 85 Mr Fielden's bill to limit factory 
 labour, 86 bill passed, 91 difference 
 of mortality in manufacturing towns 
 and in the country, 93 introduction 
 of limited service system, 94 public 
 education, 96 Irish coercion bill, 97 
 prorogation and dissolution of par- 
 liament, 98 commercial embarrass- 
 ments, 99 increased monetary pres- 
 sure, 100 bankruptcies, 101 sus- 
 pension of bank charter act, 102 its 
 great and immediate effect, 104 
 meeting of parliament and queen's 
 speech, 105 Peel's statement on bank 
 charter act, 106 et seq. answer of 
 Lord George Bentinck, &c., 109 etseq. 
 result of the debate, and reports of 
 the committees on the bank chai'ter 
 act, 112 distress from the monetary 
 crisis, 114 details of the railway and 
 commercial losses, 115 rise in cotton, 
 116 great variation in the price of 
 provisions, 117 effect of the French 
 revolution of 1848, 118 influx of de- 
 stitute Irish, 119 pressure on middle 
 classes, 120 immediate benefits of 
 the railway expenditure, 121 magni- 
 tude and perfection of the system, 122 
 fall in the exports and revenue, 123 
 great increase of paupers and crimi- 
 nals, 124 emigration and decline of 
 population, 125 extreme suffering in 
 Glasgow and the manufacturing dis- 
 tricts, 126 outbreak in Glasgow, 127 
 effects of the suppression of the 
 Glasgow outbreak, 129 commence- 
 ment of the Chartist outbreak, 130 
 their preparations, 131 and those of 
 the government, 132 defeat of the 
 Chartists, 133 attempt at insurrec- 
 tion in Glasgow, 134 detection of the 
 frauds in the Chartist petition, 135 
 renewed agitation by them, its sup- 
 pression, and their trials, 137 pre- 
 parations for rebellion in Ireland, 1 38 
 its defeat, 139 trial of O'Brien, and 
 revealing of the designs of the con- 
 spirators, 140 effects of monetary 
 crisis of 1847, 141 lesson it taught, 
 142 it due to free trade and a fet- 
 tered currency, 143 dangers of the-^e, 
 144 they keep the nation constantly 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 1.32 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Great Britain, continued. 
 
 on the verge of a monetary crisis, 145 
 effects of increased supply of gold, 
 146 argument as to export of gold, 
 147 arguments of the bullionists, 
 149 to what the crisis was due, 150 
 Peel's object in the act of 1844, 151 
 the opposite effects have followed, 
 152 how the monetary laws inflamed 
 speculation, 153 ultimate effects of 
 free trade, 154 capital facilitates 
 manufactures more than agriculture, 
 155 greater mortality in cities than 
 in the country, 157 how these cir- 
 cumstances affect population, 158 
 effect of these laws combined, 159 
 effects of free trade on prices, 1 60 it 
 forced on Sir 11. Peel, 161 effects of 
 it on national progress and independ- 
 ence, 162 its effects to be judged of 
 before 1852, 165 necessity of mari- 
 time superiority, 166 contrast be- 
 tween national character of, and that 
 of France, xliv. 21 feeling in France 
 on the subservience to, ib. jealousy 
 of, in France, 1840, 46 efforts of, for 
 suppression of the slave trade, 47 
 treaties of 1831 and 1833 with France 
 regarding it, 48 and that of 1841, 49 
 its provisions, 50 parallel between 
 her position in India and the French 
 in Algeria, xlv. 49 the early alliance 
 with Louis Philippe and its causes, 
 xlvi. 1 excitement caused by the 
 Tahiti affair, 2 treaty with Franco 
 regarding right of search for slaves, 12 
 excitement on annexation of Cracow, 
 26 embarrassment of the government 
 on the Polish question, 28 danger to, 
 from alliance of France and Spain, 35 
 effects on her interests of the abro- 
 gation of the Salic law, 36, 37 views 
 of government on the Spanish mar- 
 riages, 40 conferences on the subject 
 at the Chateau d'Eu and Windsor, 41 
 further history of the marriages, 42 
 ct seq. coldness between France and, 
 47 effects of this, 48, 49 effects of 
 this disunion on Poland, 52 differ- 
 ences regarding treaty of Utrecht, 53 
 cordiality between them before the 
 marriages, 54 disunion regarding 
 Greece, 55 increasing coldness be- 
 tween them on it, 57, 58 disunion re- 
 garding Portugal and La Plata, 59 
 policy of the government of, in Italy, 
 1847,77- the Swiss Radicals supported 
 by, 98 policy pursued toward Switzer- 
 land, and its results, 99 et seq. alarm 
 excited by her support of the revolu- 
 tionists, 105 formation of league 
 against her, 106 her weakness at sea 
 
 The La, 
 
 and land, 107 disproportion of the 
 danger and her means of resistance, 
 108 causes of her policy, 109 the 
 incompleteness of the revolution the 
 cause of it, 110 the Prince de Join- 
 ville on the alienation of, xlvii. 3 
 escape of Louis Philippe to, 77 first 
 brought into collision with China, 
 VIII. xlviii. 1 origin and history of 
 the war with China, 18 et seq. treaty 
 * concluded with China, 45, 46 danger 
 of, in India, after the Afghanistan 
 retreat, 47 retirement from Affghan- 
 istan, 108 her conduct in the war, 
 111 the conquest and annexation of 
 Scinde, xlix. 1 et seq. honours con- 
 ferred, &c. on conquest of Scinde, 29 
 the war with Gwalior, 34 et seq. 
 recall of Lord Elleuborough, 44, 45 
 appointment of Sir H. Hardinge, 46 
 the Sikh war, 50 et seq. alliance of 
 Eunjeet Singh, 53 treaty with the 
 Sikhs, 88 joy on the successes in the 
 Punjaub, 89 second Sikh war, 94 
 et seq. excitement on the battle of 
 Chillian wallah, 102 financial and 
 commercial state, 1S58, 1. 27 note 
 Lamartine's answer to the Irish re- 
 volutionists, 38 acknowledgment of 
 the French republic, 46 probable 
 results of universal suffrage, li. 35, 36 
 mediation between Sardinia and 
 Austria, hi. 77 her ambassador op- 
 poses resumption of hostilities by 
 Sardinia, 84 negotiates the armistice, 
 98 assistance to the Sicilians from, 
 106 urges the separation of Lom- 
 bard} 7 , 121 her conduct during the 
 crisis in Italy, 122 the Zollvcrein 
 dhected against, liii. 13 error in 
 dealing with the commercial crisis of 
 1848, 18 mediates on the Schleswig 
 question, 42, 97 flight of Metternich 
 to, liv. position of, with regard to 
 Hungarian war, lv. 90 extension of 
 free trade, lvi. 1 importance of period 
 from 184S to 1852, 2 loyal temper of 
 the people, 3 and real sufferings, 4 
 prices of grain, 5 cry for repeal of 
 navigation laws, 6 debates on it, 7 
 et seq. results of repeal of navigation 
 laws, 16 ct seq. motion for relief 
 to agriculturists, 18 circumstances 
 which weakened the cause of protec- 
 tion, 19 rise in foreign grain, 20 
 improvements in agriculture, 21 
 effect of the railway system, 22 ct seq. 
 outcry among agricultural classes, 
 24 attitude of the Free-traders, 25 
 their arguments, 26 ct seq. decision 
 of parliament on it, 31 reflections on 
 it, 32 finances from 1849 to 1852, 
 
 ye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 133 
 
 census for 1851, 34 mortality of 
 town and country districts, 35 in- 
 crease in violent crimes, 36 relin- 
 quishment of transportation system, 
 and its effects, 37 et seq. measures 
 of government regarding criminals, 
 and introduction of the ticket-of-leave 
 system, 42 concession of self-govern- 
 ment to the colonies, 43 difficulties 
 of their direct representation, 44 
 discontent produced in them by the 
 reform bill, 45 new colonial system, 
 46 affairs of the Cape, 47 the Caffre 
 war, 48 subsequent transactions, 51 
 renewed predial outrages in Ireland, 
 52 the Irish encumbered estates bill, 
 53 differences with Russia regarding 
 the Hungarian refugees, 56 quarrel 
 with the Greek government, 57 
 danger of war with France, 58 pro- 
 ceedings in parliament on the subject, 
 59 naval and military strength at the 
 time, 60 death of Sir R. Peel, 61 
 bill lowering the franchise in Ireland, 
 62 removal of Palmerston from 
 office, 63 defeat of ministers on the 
 militia bill, their resignation, and 
 accession of Lord Derby, 64 militia 
 embodied, and increase of the army, 
 67 dissolution of parliament, 69 
 defeat of Lord Derby, and return of 
 the Whigs to office, 70 loss of the 
 Amazon and Birkenhead steamers, 71 
 effects of the gold discoveries on, 74 
 death of the Duke of Wellington, 
 and his funeral, 75 et seq. final re- 
 sults of the French Revolution to, 
 lvii. 54 emigration from, 59. 
 
 Great Fish River, the British frontier 
 withdrawn to, VIII. lvi. 47. 
 
 Great towns, influence of the railway 
 system on, IV. xxii. 67. 
 
 Great Trunk Road, the, in India, VIII. 
 xlix. 113. 
 
 Great Western Railway, parliamentaiy 
 expenses of, VII. xlii. 5 note fall in, 
 1846-52, xliii. 120 note. 
 
 Greece, Mitford's History of, I. v. 63 
 Grote's, 64 Thirlwall's, 65 discus- 
 sion at the Congress of Verona on 
 the state of, II. xii. 15 the conquest 
 of, by the Turks, III. xiii. 35 statis- 
 tics of, 79 defensible nature of the 
 country, 80 Clarke's description of, 
 81 elements remaining of insurrec- 
 tion in, xiv. 1 recent favourable cir- 
 cumstances in her condition, 2 
 spread of information, and passion 
 for independence, 3 society of the 
 Hetairists, 4 its constitution, 5 et seq. 
 dependence on Russia, 7 effects of 
 the Spanish revolution on, 12 com- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 mencement of the insurrection, 21 
 it spreads over the whole country, 
 22, 28 formation of a constitution, 
 and independence proclaimed, 54 
 increasing interest in, 100 arrival 
 and efforts of Lord Byron, ib. con- 
 tinued dissensions in, 101 loan con- 
 tracted on behalf of, in London, 102 
 devastations of the war to 1824, 114 
 renewed dissensions, 1 1 5 prospects 
 of, in the opening of 1825, 118 in- 
 fluence of the defence of Missolonghi, 
 141 deplorable condition of, 1826, 
 142, 147 commencement of the ne- 
 gotiations for her independence, 143 
 first protocol in favour of, 144 
 its terms, 145 the treaty between 
 France, England, and Russia regard- 
 ing, 151 its provisions, 152 reply 
 of the Turkish government, 153 et seq. 
 Capo d'Istrias appointed president, 
 165 rejoicings in, on the battle of 
 Navarino, 166 the war one of reli- 
 gion and race, 169 prosperity of, 
 since the revolution, 173 affairs of, 
 1828, xv. 140 convention fixing 
 limits, &c. of, 142 errors in this con- 
 vention, 143 et seq. what should have 
 been the limits of, ib. France a 
 party to treaty of 6th July regarding, 
 xvi. 66 reciprocity treaty with, xix. 
 29 note justification of Canning's 
 interference on behalf of, IV. xxi. 89 
 the affairs of, after treaty of 1829, 
 V. xxxii. 32 first settlement under 
 presidency of Capo d'Istrias, 33 it is 
 overturned, and his assassination, 34 
 Otho elected king, 35 successes of 
 the popular opposition, and over- 
 throw of the government, 36 arrival 
 of Otho, and joy of the inhabitants, 
 37 institutions, and military force, 
 38 cause of the decay of the colo- 
 nies of, VI. xxxvii. 114 affairs of, 
 and disunion between France and 
 England regarding, VII. xlvi. 55 the 
 constitutionalists disowned by Rus- 
 sia, 56 increasing coldness between 
 France and England regarding, 57, 58 
 civil war in, 58 the affairs of Don 
 Pacifico, &c, VIII. lvi. 57 part taken 
 by France and Russia, 58 proceed- 
 ings in parliament, and settlement, 59. 
 
 Greek church, clergy of the, in Russia, 
 II. viii. 22 note synod of the, V. 
 xxxii. 38 number belonging to the, 
 in Austria, VIII. liii. 5 note. 
 
 Greek committee in London, their ad- 
 dress, III. xiv. 100 note mismanage- 
 ment of the loan by them, 1 IS. 
 
 Greek insurrection, commencement of 
 the, in Wallachia, III. xiv. 15 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 134 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Greek insurrection, continued. 
 
 spreads to Moldavia, and its progress 
 there, 16 et seq. See Greece. 
 
 Greek islands, prosperity, &c. of the, 
 before the revolution, III. xiv. 2. 
 
 Greek loan, the first, III. xiv. 102 mis- 
 management of it in London, 118 
 new, guaranteed by the allies, V. 
 xxxii. 35 payment of her share of, 
 by France, xxxiii. 62. 
 
 Greek war, superiority of the Egyptian 
 troops in, V. xxxii. 3. 
 
 Greeks, the, support refused by Alex- 
 ander to, II. viii. 88 race of, III. 
 xiii. 7 position of, in the civil ad- 
 ministration of Turkey, 12 of the 
 Fanar, 41 number of, in Constanti- 
 nople, 42 note value of, as sailors to 
 Turkey, 43 repeated insurrections of, 
 76 exasperation between, and the 
 Turks, before the revolt, 77 mas- 
 sacres of, at Constantinople, xiv. 24 
 naval successes of, 34 defeats of, in 
 the Morea, 1821, 36 defeats of, at 
 Kapoli de Romania, &c, 45 naval 
 successes of, in 1823, 77, 78 results 
 of campaign of 1823, 79, 80 applica- 
 tion of, to the Congress of Verona, 
 83 divisions among, 88 plans and 
 preparations of, for campaign of 1823, 
 SO increasing divisions, 93, 99 pre- 
 parations of, for campaign of 1825, 
 118 successes of, 1829, xv. 141. 
 
 Green crops, failure of, in Great Britain, 
 1826, IV. xxi. 43 increased produce 
 of, in Ireland, 1849-53, VII. xliii. 160 
 note increased production of, VIII. 
 lvi. 21. 
 
 Greenock, ratio of mortality in, VII. 
 xliii. 93 note intended rising in, 
 1848, VII. xliii. 129. 
 
 Green wicli, members given to, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Gregoire, the abbe", returned to the 
 Deputies in 1819, II. ix. 17 sketch 
 of his previous career, 18 on the ac- 
 cession of Louis Philippe, IV. xxiv. 31. 
 
 Gregory XVI., Pope, accession of, IV. 
 xxiv. 87 death and character of, VII. 
 xlvi. 61. 
 
 Gregory, the patriarch, murder of, III. 
 xiv. 23. 
 
 Gregory, bishop of Modon, cruel treat- 
 ment and death of, 111. xiv. 123. 
 
 Greig, admiral, III. xv. 43, 135 opera- 
 tions against Varna, 55 fleet under, 
 1829, 115 repulse of the Turkish 
 fleet by, 116 naval force under, 
 offered by llussia to Turkey against 
 Egypt, V. xxxii. 23. 
 
 Grenada, reciprocity treaty with, III. 
 xix. 29 note. 
 
 The L 
 
 Grenoble, the outbreak of Didier at, and 
 its repression, I. iii. 124 reception of 
 Lafayette in, III. xvii. 7 outbreak at, 
 1832, V. xxix. 24 insurrection at, 
 1834, xxx. 47 reform banquet at, 
 VII. xliv. 32 resistance to the new 
 valuation in, 61. 
 
 Grenville, lord, accessions to the minis- 
 try from friends of, II. x. 113. 
 
 Greppe, M., arrested, VIII. lvii. 48. 
 
 Greuben, count, VIII. xlix. 70 note. 
 
 Grey, earl, on the distress, &c. in 1817, 
 I. iv. 11 at the trial of the queen, II. 
 x. 84 motion by, on the Congress of 
 Laybach, &c, 93 attack on Canning 
 by, IV. xxi. 65 reception of it, 68 
 motion by, on the regency, 1830, xxii. 
 54 declaration of, on reform, 1830, 
 72 Wellington's answer, 73 called 
 to form a ministry, and difficulties re- 
 garding Brougham, xxiii. 6 premier, 
 ib. note character of, 7- his charac- 
 ter as an orator, and in private, 8 
 his defects and errors, but noble use 
 of power, 9 was misled as to the 
 effects of the reform bill, 10 an- 
 nouncement of his principles of gov- 
 ernment by, 24 and the prosecution 
 of O'Connell, 27 note franchise first 
 proposed by, 30 first intention of, 
 regarding reform, 30 note means by 
 which he induces the king to dissolve 
 parliament, 62 his speech on the 
 reform bill in the Peers, 79 deputa- 
 tions from the political unions to, 91 
 on the new reform bill, 94 opposed 
 to the creation of peers, 101 induces 
 the king to consent to it, 102 on 
 Lord Lyndhurst's amendment, 106 
 resigns, 107 receives permission to 
 create peers, 112 closing speech of, 
 in the Peers on the bill, 115 one of 
 the commission for giving it the royal 
 assent, ib. views of, as to the borough 
 members under the bill, 119 and note 
 his course compared with Pitt's, 
 142 error of, as to predominating 
 influence in the boroughs, 144 views 
 of, on tithes in Ireland, V. xxxi. 13 
 brings in Irish coercion bill, 30 argu- 
 ments for it, 31 ct seq. arguments of, 
 for Irish church bill, 49 the Ebring- 
 ton address to, and his answer, 130 
 declaration of, on Irish church, 134 
 views of, on the! Irish coercion bill, 
 138 -resigns, 110 his parting address 
 as minister, 111 banquet to, at Edin- 
 burgh, 159 reflections on his fall, 161 
 his merit in resisting the movement 
 after the bill was passed, 162 review 
 of his administration, 163 error of, 
 as to the effects of the reform bill, 
 
 aryc Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 135 
 
 VI. xxxviii. 60 effect of his coercion 
 bill in Ireland, VII. xlii. 75. 
 
 Grey ministry, the, IV. xxiii. 6 note 
 defeat of, on General Gascoigne's mo- 
 tion, 58 measures of, to conciliate 
 the king, 60 means by which they 
 induce him to dissolve parliament, 
 61 et seq. vote of confidence in, 82 
 proclamation by, against the political 
 unions, 92 resolution of, to create 
 peers, 101 induce the king to con- 
 sent to it, 102 resign on Lynd- 
 hurst's amendment being carried, 107 
 return to office, and permission 
 given them for creation of peers, 112 
 oppose the restoration of the forty - 
 shilling freeholders in Ireland, 116 
 power at their disposal, V. xxxi. 3 
 their moderation after the passing of 
 the bill, and its effects, 7 defeat of, 
 on the malt tax, 59 rapid decline in 
 their popularity, 62 their patriotic 
 conduct, 63 embarrassment of, on 
 factory question, and bill regarding it, 
 109 their conduct of the session, 
 110 divided state of, on the Irish 
 church, 128 resignation of Stanley, 
 Graham, &c, 129 effect of this se- 
 cession on, 130 motion by, on the 
 Irish church, 133 division in, on 
 the renewal of the Irish coercion bill, 
 138 resignation of Althorpe, Grey, 
 &c, 140 poor-law reform begun by, 
 145 appointment of committee of 
 inquiry by, and their report, 147 
 difficulties of, from Irish members 
 and Radicals, xxxv. 113. 
 
 Grey, earl (son of above), refuses to 
 take office along with Palmerston, 
 
 VII. xlii. 45 colonial secretary, 1846, 
 xliii. 4 and note on the limited ser- 
 vice system, 95 note the new colo- 
 nial system due to, VIII. lvi. 45. See 
 also Howick, lord. 
 
 Grey, earl de, first lord of the Admiralty, 
 1835, VI. xxxv. 16 note lord-lieuten- 
 ant of Ireland, 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Grey, Sir George, arguments of, for the 
 Jamaica bill, VI. xxxvii. 128 home 
 secretary, 1S46, VII. xliii. 4 and note 
 Irish coercion bill introduced by, 97 
 moves continued suspension of ha- 
 beas corpus act in Ireland, VIII. lvi. 52. 
 
 Grey, general, invasion of Gwalior by, 
 
 VIII. xlix. 37 victory of, at Mangore, 
 41. 
 
 Gre3 T , lieutenant, during the Chartist ris- 
 ing at Newport, VI. xxxvii. 69. 
 
 Griffin, captain, defeat of Akhtar Khan 
 by, VI. xl. 98. 
 
 Griffiths, major, moved up from Coord- 
 Cabul to Cabul, VI. xl. 104. 
 
 Grillparzer, the works of, V. xxviii. 26. 
 
 Grimsby, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Grinstead, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Grochow, position and forces of parties 
 at, IV. xxvi. 48 battle of, 49 paral- 
 lel between, and Inkerman, 54. 
 
 Grogan, colonel, seizure of, as hostage 
 for Mr M'Leod, VII. xli. 86. 
 
 Gronville, Laure, an accomplice of Hu- 
 bert's, VI. xxxiv. 19, 
 
 Gros, M., a partisan of Louis Napoleon's, 
 V. xxxiii. 81. 
 
 Grosbois, M., character of, I. iii. 57. 
 
 Grossochen, defeat of the Baden insur- 
 gents at, VIII. liii. 83. 
 
 Grote, the History of Greece by, I. v. 
 64 motion by, in favour of the bal- 
 lot, VI. xxxvi. 24 Radical views of, 
 at the Hume banquet, 55. 
 
 Grottenheim, general, operations of, 
 against Bern, VIII. lv. 68. 
 
 Grouchy, marshal, proscribed in 1815, 
 I. iii. 19 reception of, by Charles X., 
 III. xvi. 6 dismissed from active ser- 
 vice, 13. 
 
 Grudzinska, Jeanne, wife of the Grand- 
 duke Constantine, II. viii. 113. 
 
 Guard, fidelity of the, during the Three 
 Days, III. xvii. 106 parting between 
 Charles X. and the, 94, 96. 
 
 Guards, National, see National Guard. 
 
 Guastalla, treaty regarding duchy of, II. 
 vii. 48. 
 
 Guebourg, mademoiselle de, V. xxix. 54. 
 
 Guerazzi, movement of, at Leghorn, 
 VIII. Iii. 2, 78 defeat of, at Florence, 
 104. 
 
 Gueriera, Don Alphonso, a leader of the 
 republican conspiracy at Cadiz, II. xi. 
 68. 
 
 Guerilla life, natural tendency of the 
 Spaniard to a, II. vii. 17. 
 
 Guerillas, l-avages of, in Spain, 1S21, II. 
 xi. 37. 
 
 Guernon de Ranville, M., joins the 
 Polignac ministry, III. xvii. 8 op- 
 poses all concession by the king, 84 
 arrest of, IV. xxiv. 60 demeanour of, 
 before ti'ial, xxv. 4 sentence of, 12 
 V. xxxiii. 28 note liberation of, 73. 
 
 Guerre aux Chateaux, secret society 
 called, V. xxx. 42 note. 
 
 Guibert, the military history of, III. 
 xviii. 41. 
 
 Guicciardini, the prose of, V. xxviii. 
 41. 
 
 Guiche, the duke de, made member of 
 Chamber of Peers, I. iii. 20 II. xii. 
 99 fidelity of, to Charles X., III. 
 xvii. 95. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 136 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Guildhall, Soult at the banquet at, VI. 
 xxxviii. 2. 
 
 Guilds, the, in Russia, II. viii. 26 
 want of representation of, under 
 municipal reform bill, VI. xxxvi. 8. 
 
 Guildford, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Guilleminot, general, on the capitula- 
 tion of Paris as regarded Ney, I. iii. 86 
 chief of the staff' in Spain, II. xii. 69. 
 
 Guinard, M., V. xxxiii. 21. 
 
 Guizot, M., appointed minister of justice, 
 I. iii. 16 retirement of, from the 
 Richelieu ministry, 122 made a coun- 
 cillor of state, vi. 82 as a leader of the 
 Doctrinaires, II. ix. 14 supports the 
 Decazes ministry, 24 new electoral 
 law agreed to by, 28 course followed 
 by, after the fall of Decazes, 50 dis- 
 missed from the council of state, 87 
 pamphlet by, against the Bichelieu 
 ministry, 105 joins the .royalists 
 against Martignac, III. xvi. 87 attacks 
 of, on the Polignac ministry, xvii. 6 
 biography of, 9 his character as 
 a writer and statesman, 10 efforts of, 
 against the Polignac ministry, 19 
 arguments of, for the address, 1830, 
 23 course counselled by, 74, 
 xvii. 67 note, 74 note at the 
 meeting at Lafitte's, 79 efforts of, to 
 arrest the revolution, 86 early rise 
 of, xviii. 18 his style of thought, 19 
 and of writing, 20 his mode of 
 viewing human affairs, 21 his chief 
 publications, 22 a writer for the daily 
 2^ress, 74 employment of corruption 
 by, in France, IV. xxiv. 7 supports 
 the Orleanists, 10 proclamation 
 drawn up by, of the principles of the 
 Orleans government, 28 efforts of, 
 to popularise the new dynasty, 32 
 secretary for the interior under Louis 
 Philippe, 44 favours the attempt to 
 revolutionise Spain, 67, 68 party and 
 views of, in the ministry, xxv. 2 his 
 resignation, 7, 8 defence of the 
 foreign policy of ministers by, 82 et 
 seq. arguments of, against the aboli- 
 tion of the hereditary peerage, 96 
 on the system of government under 
 Louis Philippe, V. xxx. 2 becomes 
 minister of public instruction, xxix. 
 83, xxx. 9 formerly opposed the law 
 against associations, 35 arguments 
 for it, 38 his jealousy of Thiers, 40 
 views of, on the crisis of 1840, 
 xxxii. 68 note conference with Louis 
 Philippe at the Chateau d'Eu, and 
 its results, ib. succeeds Thiers as 
 premier, 70 arranges treaty between 
 ^khemet Ali and Turkey, 75 resigna- 
 
 tion of, xxxiii. 5 resumes office, 6 an- 
 swer of, on the address, 9 divergence 
 of views between, and Thiers, 13 in- 
 trigues of, against de Broglie, 47 de- 
 claration of, in the Deputies after 
 the accession of Thiers, 57 becomes 
 minister of public instruction under 
 Mold, 71 note removed from minis- 
 try of public instruction, 86 articles 
 by, on the state of society in France, 
 
 1838, VI. xxxiv. 12 defence of the 
 system of corruption in France by, 
 13 negotiations between, and Thiers, 
 
 1839, 33 excluded from the Soult 
 ministry, 38 party headed by, 40 
 appointed ambassador to London, 71 
 account of the policy of England on 
 the Eastern question, 90 Thiers' re- 
 ply to, 91 memorandum to the Brit- 
 ish government on the Eastern ques- 
 tion, 98 his views on it, 99 confer- 
 ence with the king at the Chateau 
 d'Eu, ib. communication from Thiers 
 to, 100 note becomes minister of 
 foreign affairs, 102 and note speech 
 of, on the address, 107 majority for 
 him, 110 anecdote of Sir R. Peel by, 
 VII. xli. 10 account of Peel by him, 
 14 on the tendencies of democracy, 
 64 settlement of the Tahiti affair by, 
 101 blindness of, to the prevalent 
 socialism, xliv. 14 his principles of 
 government, 15 unpopularity of his 
 ministry from its subservience to 
 England, 21 its untoward com- 
 mencement, 46 efforts of, for sup- 
 pression of the slave trade, 47 treaty 
 with the allies concluded by T , re- 
 garding the slave trade, 49 interdicts 
 the Polish banquet, 52 arguments of, 
 against reform, 1841, 56 views of, 
 on reform, 68 arguments against it, 
 70 et scq.- his error in these, 78 
 extension of railway system, 79 
 losses of his ministry by elections of 
 1842, 80 arguments of, for the re- 
 gency bill, 84 et scq. position taken 
 up by, 91 as a statesman. 92 as an 
 orator, 93 inadequate parliamentary 
 support of, 103 difficulties of, from 
 the character of the Chambers, &c, 
 104 answer of, on the case of the 
 Jesuits, xlvi. 8 treaty with England 
 regarding right of search for slaves, 12 
 speech of, on the Polish question, 
 28 increased majority for, 1S46, 33 
 arrangements regarding the Spanish 
 marriages, 41 subsequent negotia- 
 tions, <\c., 43 rt scq. the double 
 marriage arranged, 45 announcement 
 of the double marriage by, 47 his 
 breach of faith on it, 50, 51 measures 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 137 
 
 and policy of, in the Papal States, 73, 
 74, 77 on the Swiss constitution, 89 
 policy of, toward Switzerland, 97, 
 99 note of, to Lord Palmerston and 
 the other powers on Switzerland, 101 
 negotiations for league against Eng- 
 land, 106 causes of the conservative 
 policy of, 109, 110 his pacific policy 
 on the Tahiti affair, xlvii. 3 charges 
 against his ministry, 11 dissatisfac- 
 tion caused by his foreign policy, 15 
 answer of, to the opposition on the 
 address, 1848, 33 compromise re- 
 garding the reform banquet, 44 pro- 
 hibits the procession, 46, 47 forces 
 and preparations, 50 resignation of, 
 55 catastrophe before his house, 57 
 advises the sending for Mo\6, 59. 
 
 Gulistan, treaty of, III. xiii. 70. 
 
 Gumput Rao, mutiny against, VI. 
 xxxix. 51. 
 
 Gundamuck, arrival of the Cabul fugi- 
 tives at, VI. xl. 134 advance of Pol- 
 lock to, VIII. xlviii. 87 retirement 
 of the British by, 107. 
 
 Gunpowder, early knowledge of, in China, 
 VIII. xlviii. 17. 
 
 Guriel, province of, submits to the Rus- 
 sians, III. xv. 82 combats in, 1829, 
 107. 
 
 Gurney, Mr, arguments of, against the 
 resumption of cash payments, I. iv. 
 73 et seq. arguments of, against the 
 suppression of small notes, IV. xxi. 
 12, 16. 
 
 Gurney, baron, trial of the Rebecca 
 rioters before, VII. xli. 83. 
 
 Guy Mannering, remarks on, I. v. 10. 
 
 Guyon, count, at Schwechat, VIII. liv. 
 71 movements of, lv. 11 successes 
 of, near Komorn, 40. 
 
 Gwalior, surrender of, to Scindia, VI. 
 xxxix. 35 affairs of, VIII. xlix. 34 
 its condition, 35 rupture with Bri- 
 tain, 36 its invasion, 37 victories of 
 the British, 38 et seq. treaty con- 
 cluded, 42 reflections on the war in, 
 121. 
 
 Gypsies, numbers of, in Austrian em- 
 pire, VIII. liii. 3 note. 
 
 II 
 
 Haarlem, capture of, by the Dutch, IV. 
 xxv. 71. 
 
 Habeas Corpus Act, suspension of the, 
 1817,1. iv. 13 extension of this, 15 
 advantages and principle of the sus- 
 pension of the, 23 suspension ex- 
 pires, 41 its suspension in Ireland, 
 1823, II. x. 123 its suspension in Ire- 
 land in 1828 urged by the king, IV. 
 xxi. 121 difficulties in the way of this, 
 122 suspended in Ireland, 1848, VII. 
 xliii. 138 this continued, VIII. lvi. 
 52. 
 
 Habitans, the Canadian, views, &c. of,VI. 
 xxxvii. 78 stationary condition of the, 
 VII. xli. 96. 
 
 Hachems, defeat of the, by the French, 
 VII. xlv. 28, 29. 
 
 Haddington, earl of, supports Peel against 
 the reform bill, IV. xxiii. 54 lord- 
 lieutenant of Ireland, 1835, VI. xxxv. 
 1 6 note first lord of the Admiralty, 
 VII. xli. 14. 
 
 Haddington, virulence of cholera in, V. 
 xxxi. 9. 
 
 Hadgi Hassan, defeat of, III. xv. 91. 
 
 Hadgi-Hassan-lar, defeat of Turks at, III. 
 xv. 58. 
 
 Hadgi Pacha, forces, &c. under, 1829,111. 
 xv. 90 position of, in the Saganlugh, 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 92 operations against him, 93,94 at 
 
 battle of Kainly, 96 defeated at Milli- 
 
 Duz, 99 taken prisoner, lb. 
 Hadgi-Saleh, Pacha of Maidan, III. xv. 
 
 84. 
 Hadjee Khan, betrayal of Dost Mahom- 
 
 med by, VI. xl. 74. 
 Hadjoutes. hostility of the, in Algeria, V. 
 
 xxx. 30.' 
 Haeling, defence of Chin-Kiang-foo by, 
 
 VIII. xlviii. 43 his death, ib. 
 Hafiz Pacha, defeat of, at Nezib, V. 
 
 xxxii. 49. 
 Haft-Kotul, see Huft Kotul. 
 Hagkhi Pacha of Siraz, III. xv. 84. 
 Hahu-Hahn, the countess, the novels of, 
 
 V. xxviii. 58. 
 Haklander, the works of, V. xxviii. 59. 
 Halal-Effendi, execution of, demanded, 
 
 III. xiv. 53 overthrow and execution 
 
 of, 84. 
 Half-batta question, the, VI. xl. 5. 
 Halib, population of, III. xiii. 32 note. 
 Halifax, member given to, IV. xxiii. 42 
 
 note elections of 1835 in, VI. xxxv. 19. 
 Halil Pacha, disgraced, III. xv. 84 
 
 terms agreed to toward Mehemet Ali, 
 
 Y. xxxii. 25. 
 Hallam, the historical works of, I. v. 51. 
 Haller, count, VIII. lii. 66. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 138 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Halyburton, Mr Justice, on the neglect 
 
 of the colonies, VII. xliii. 21 note. 
 Ham, imprisonment of the ex-ministers 
 of Charles X. in, IV. xxv. 13 condi- 
 tion of Prince Polignac, &c. in, and his 
 release, V. xxxiii. 73 imprisonment 
 of Louis Napoleon at, VI. xxxiv. 83 
 his life there, 84 escape of Louis 
 Napoleon from, VII. xlvi. 30 et seq. 
 Hams, imported, proposed new tariff on, 
 
 VII. xli. 47 note. 
 Hamburg, contributions from France to, 
 I. iii. 48 note reciprocity treaty with, 
 III. xix. 29 note representation of, 
 in the Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note popula- 
 tion and military contingent, 5 note 
 progress of, since the peace, 7 railway 
 to, 67 railways extended to Trieste 
 from, 72 population of, 83 statistics 
 of, VIII. liii. 5 note accepts the Ger- 
 manic constitution of 1848, 77- 
 Hammer, order of the, instituted at 
 
 Madrid, II. xi. 34. 
 Hamelen, madame, I. iii. 19 note. 
 Hamelin, admiral, fleet under, 1829, III. 
 
 xv. 115. 
 Hamilton, colonel, at Maharajpore, VIII. 
 
 xlix. 39. 
 Hamilton, Sir George, ambassador at 
 
 Florence, VII. xlvi. 88. 
 Hamilton, Sir William, the philosophical 
 
 works of, 1. v. 33. 
 Hamilton, Lady Anne, accompanies the 
 
 queen to the coronation, II. x. 109. 
 Hamilton, intended rising in, 1848, VII. 
 
 xliii. 129. 
 Hampden clubs of 1817, the, I. iv. 12. 
 Hampshire, disturbances in, 1830, IV. 
 xxii. 70 additional members for, 
 xxiii. 42 note elections of 1835 in, VI. 
 xxxv. 19. 
 Handel as a composer, V. xxviii. 84. 
 Hannchen, defeat of the Baden insurgents 
 
 at, VIII. liii. 83. 
 Hanover, position of the forces of, in 
 France, I. iii. 29 contributions from 
 Prance to, 48 note visit of George IV. 
 to, II. x. 110 designs of Prance on, 
 III. xvii. 49 intended spoliation of, 
 118 reciprocity treaty with, xix. 29 
 note revolutionary movements in, 
 1831, IV. xxv. 34 votes of, in the 
 Germanic Diet,V. xxvii. 4 note popu- 
 lation and military contingent, 5 note 
 establishment of representative assem- 
 bly in, 17 the king of, abrogation of 
 the constitution by, 57 refusal of the 
 Diet to restore it, ib. reciprocity' 
 treaty of, with Holland, 61 separation 
 of, from Great Britain, VI. xxxvi. 76 
 statistics of, VIII. liii. 5 note the 
 king protests against the proceedings 
 
 of the National Assembly at Frankfort, 
 46 rejects the Germanic constitution 
 of 1848, 76 revolutionary outbreak 
 in, 1848, 81 Germanic constitution 
 agreed to by, 84 et seq. 
 
 Hansard, Messrs, and the Stockdale case, 
 VI. xxxviii. 21. 
 
 Hanse Towns, treaty with, regarding the 
 slave trade, VII. xliv. 49. 
 
 Hardenberg, prince, at Aix-la-Chapelle, 
 
 I. vi. 61 at the Congress of Troppau, 
 
 II. viii. 70 represents Prussia at the 
 Congress of Verona, xii. 11 the me- 
 moirs of, III. xviii. 50 character of, 
 as a statesman, V. xxvii. 42. 
 
 Hardinge, Sir Henry, afterwards lord, 
 becomes secretary-at-war, IV. xxi. 97 
 Wellington's secoud in his duel with 
 Lord Winchelsea, xxii. 7 note chal- 
 lenge to O'Connell from, 59 note 
 Irish secretary, 1835, VI. xxxv. 16 
 note secretary-at-war, 1841, VII. xli. 
 14 note on the defencelessness of 
 London, 1841, 18 re-establishment of 
 flogging in the Indian army by, xliii. 
 26 results of his limited service 
 system, 95 note appointed governor- 
 general of India, and his character, 
 VIII. xlix. 46, 54 policy recommend- 
 ed to him, 47 his arrival, and early 
 pacific measures, 48 measures for 
 establishing railways, 49 position of 
 the troops, &c, 57 resists their con- 
 centration, 59 his views, ib. note 
 hostile movements, 62 battle of 
 Moodkee, 63 serves as second in 
 command, 66 battle of Ferozeshah, 
 63 heroic conduct of, 71 renewed 
 battle, 72 results, &c, 74 farther 
 preparations, 75 battle of Aliwal, 79 
 positions, 80 forces and prepara- 
 tions, 81 battle of Sobraon, 82 et seq. 
 conduct, &c. of, at Sobraon, 87 ad- 
 vance to Lahore, ('A. treaty concluded, 
 88 reception of the Maharajah, and 
 proclamation, ib. honours bestowed 
 on him, 89 his resignation, 92 the 
 pacific policy of, 121 master-general 
 of ordnance, 1852, lvi. 64 note mea- 
 sures of. for increasing the artillery, 
 68 at Wellington's funeral, 78. 
 
 Hardinge, .Mr, VIII. xlix. 71. 
 
 Hardwicke, the earl of, proceedings of, 
 at Genoa, VIII. Iii. 102, 103 and note. 
 
 Hardwicke, Mr, postmaster - general, 
 1852, VIII. lvi. 64 note. 
 
 Hardware, increased export of, from 
 England, 1S22, I II. xix. 9. 
 
 Harewood, lord, motion by, on behalf of 
 the West India proprietors, V. xxxi. 89. 
 
 Harford, general, defeated at Herman- 
 stadt, VIII. Iv. 70. 
 
 Tlte Large Roman numerals refer to (he Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 139 
 
 Harispe, general, dismissed from service, 
 III. xvi. 13. 
 
 Harris, Mr, defence of the monetary 
 system by, IV. xxii. 32 note. 
 
 Harrowby, earl of, plan for the murder of 
 the ministers while assembled at house 
 of, II. x. 46 lord president, IV. xxi. 
 66 note resignation of, 91 speech of, 
 against the reform bill, xxiii. 81 ne- 
 gotiations with, to withdraw his op- 
 position to the bill, 103 amendment 
 by, on free trade, VIII. lvi. 32. 
 
 Hart, Sir A., vice-chancellor, IV. xxi. 66 
 note becomes chancellor of Ireland, 
 91. 
 
 Halting, general, defeat of, near Varna, 
 III. xv. 58. 
 
 Hartonem, takes part with the Viennese 
 insurgents, VIII. liv. 65. 
 
 Harvest, deficient, in France in 1816, I. 
 vi. 7 the early, of 1826, IV. xxi. 43 
 the British, from 1836 to 1841, VI. 
 xxxvii. 35 the bad, of 1838 and 1839, 
 36, 37 those of 1840 and 1841, 38 
 that of 1842 in England, VII. xli. 76 
 of 1845, character of, xlii. 331847 to 
 1856, 48 of 1847, 99, 100, VIII. lvi. 
 2 deficiency of, iu France, 1845, VII. 
 xlvii. 5. 
 
 Harvey, Sir John, on the state of the 
 Irish clergy in 1832, V. xxxi. 16. 
 
 Harvey, brigadier, at Goojerat,VIII. xlix. 
 104. 
 
 Harwich, embarkation of the body of the 
 queen from, II. x. 111. 
 
 Haslemere, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Haspinger, Joseph, VIII. lii. 29. 
 
 Hassan-Kale, preparations of the Turks 
 at, III. xv. 84 position of the Turks 
 at, 90 capture of, by the Russians, 
 101. 
 
 Hassan Khan, defeat of, on the Araxes, 
 III. xv. 21. 
 
 Hassan Pacha, defeat of, near Arta, III. 
 xiv. 44 attempt to arrest Ali Pacha 
 by, 56. 
 
 Hassel, classification of the population of 
 Turkey by, III. xiii. 17 note. 
 
 Hasselt, defeat of the Belgians at, IV. 
 xxv. 71. 
 
 Hassonpflug, M., VIII. liii. 91. 
 
 Hastings, marquis of, governor-general 
 of India, VI. xxxix. 39 the Ghoorka 
 war, ib. further operations against 
 the Ghoorkas, 43 the Pindarree war, 
 46 et scq. ravages of cholera in the 
 army, 50 victory of, and termination 
 of the war, 51 close of his adminis- 
 tration, 52 reflections on it, 53 re- 
 fuses to expel the Mughs from Arra- 
 can, 55. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 Hastings, Warren, death of, I. iv. 51. 
 Hastings, Captain Frank Abney, III. 
 
 xiv. 63. 
 Hats, proposed reduction of duties on, 
 
 VII. xlii. 49. 
 Hatherton, lord, Mr Lyttleton created, 
 
 VI. xxxvi. 3. 
 
 Hatzen Plotz, cession of, to Prussia, 
 
 VII. xlvi. 52. 
 
 Haughton, lieutenant, escape of, from 
 Charekar, VI. xl. 114. 
 
 Haureau, M., trial and sentence of, VII. 
 xliv. 65. 
 
 Haussey, M. d', minister of marine, III. 
 xvi. 91 character of, xvii. 5. 
 
 Haute Vente, the, at Paris, V. xxx. 47 
 instigate the revolt of 1834, 48. 
 
 Hautpoul, general, dismissal of, VIII. 
 lvii. xxxii. 
 
 Havanuah, embarkation of part of the 
 army at Cadiz for the, II. vii. 58 
 slavers belonging to, &c, VI. xxxvii. 
 118. 
 
 Havelock, captain, at Jellalabad, VIII. 
 xlviii. 65 wounded at Ramnuggur, 
 xlix. 98. 
 
 Havre, preparations at, for the expedi- 
 tion to Algiers, III. xvii. 42 Louis 
 Philippe at, IV. xxv. 56 proposed 
 railway from Paris to, VI. xxxiv. 8 
 line of steamers from, to New York, 
 VII. xliv. 43 suspension of cash 
 payments by bank of, VIII. 1. 26. 
 
 Hawes, Mr, arguments of, against the 
 bank charter act, VII. xli. 112. 
 
 Hawick, l'eform riots at, IV. xxiii. 67 
 election riots, 1835, VI. xxxv. 20. 
 
 Hawkins, lieut., at Khelat-i-Ghilzye, VI. 
 xl. 96. 
 
 Haxo, general, views of, in 1S15, I. iii. 
 23 suppression of a revolt in Sara- 
 gossa by, II. vii. 80. 
 
 Haxthausen, M., on the Russian serfs 
 and their enfranchisement, II. viii. 
 32. 
 
 Hay, general, monument to, I. ii. 62. 
 
 Hay, Mr Drummond, consul at Tangiers, 
 VII. xiv. 37, 38. 
 
 Hay harvest, failure of the, in Great 
 Britain, 1826, IV. xxi. 43. 
 
 Haydn as a composer, V. xxviii. 83. 
 
 Hayes, commodore, operations under, 
 in Burmah, VI. xxxix. 66. 
 
 Haynau, marshal, VIII. lii. 66 the 
 regiment of, at the Somma Cam- 
 pagna, 69 besieges Peschiera, 72 
 at Brescia, 100 siege and capture of 
 Venice by, 118 appointed to chief 
 command, Iv. 46 sketch of his 
 career, 48 addition to forces of, 50 
 battle of Pered, 53 operations on 
 the Waag, 55 battle of Acz, 56 and 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 HO 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Haynau, marshal, continued. 
 
 of Komorn, 57 advances toSzegedin, 
 71 victory there, 72 relief of Temes- 
 var, 73 et seq. battle of Temesvar, 
 74 proclamation to his troops after 
 the close of the war, 86. 
 
 Hazard, the, at Acre, V. xxxii. 72. 
 
 Hazlitt, William, the works of, I. v. 
 81. 
 
 Head, Sir Francis, proceedings of, in 
 Upper Canada, 1830, VI. xxxxi. 53 
 measures of, on the insurrection, 
 xxxvii. 85 governor of Upper Ca- 
 nada, 78 his confidence with regard 
 to it, 80 resignation of, 93 account 
 of the armies of Europe by, 1840, 
 VII. xliii. 28 note. 
 
 Healy, trial and sentence of, for sedi- 
 tion, II. x. 29. 
 
 Hearsay, major, defeated by the Ghoor- 
 kas, VI. xxxix. 43. 
 
 Heat, excessive, in Great Britain, 1820, 
 IV. xxi. 43. 
 
 Heber on the increase of British manu- 
 factures in India, V. xxxi. 73. 
 
 Hebrus, the, at the battle of Algiers, I. 
 ii. 74, 78. 
 
 Hecker, revolt under, VIII. liii. 43. 
 
 Hedcmann, general, defeat of, VIII. liii. 
 39 battle of Duppeln, 41. 
 
 Hedon, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Heera Singh, VIII. xlix. 33. 
 
 Hecren, the works of, V. xxviii. 44. 
 
 Heidelberg, the students of, at Sand's 
 execution, V. xxvii. 25 revolutionary 
 proceedings at, 1848, VIII. liii. 21 
 great meeting of liberals at, 31. 
 
 Heidcn, admiral, III. xv. 135, 130 
 naval force under, xiv. 155 forces 
 under at Navarino, 1G0 the battle, 
 101 et seq. 
 
 Heine, Theodore, V. xxx. 23. 
 
 Helen-Louisa, the princess, marriage of 
 the Duke of Orleans to, V. xxxiii. 87 
 her reception in France, and catas- 
 trophe at the marriage, 89. 
 
 Helicon, mount, victory of the Greeks 
 at, III. xiv. 92. 
 
 Hellas frigate, the, III. xiv. 150. 
 
 Helston, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Ilemans, Mrs, the poems of, I. v. 24. 
 
 Hemp, reduction of duties on, 1825, 
 
 III. xix. 70 note imports of, 1839- 
 44, VII. xli. 77 note abolition of 
 duty on, xlii. 15. 
 
 Henderson, captain, at Mcanee, VIII. 
 
 xlix. 15 at Hyderabad, 25. 
 Henley, Mr, president of board of trade, 
 
 1852, VIII. lvi. 64 note. 
 Henry II., the conquest of Ireland by, 
 
 IV. xx. 7 note. 
 
 Henry VIII., debasement of the coin 
 under, I. iv. 70. 
 
 Hentzi, general, garrisons Buda, VIII. 
 Iv. 41 siege and capture of it, 43 
 his death, ib. 
 
 Herat, route to India from the north 
 by, VI. xl. 19, 20 importance of 
 fortress of, 33 treacherous seizure of, 
 by Dost Mahommed, 30 recaptured 
 by Kamram, ib. Russian designs 
 on, 38 treaty for the surrender of, 
 to Russia and Persia, 43 desci'iption 
 of it, 44 commencement of the siege, 
 45 its progress, 46 et seq. last 
 assault, 48 distress of the besieged, 
 49 interference of the English, and 
 raising of the siege, 50 effects of 
 this, 51 treachery of the vizier of, 
 84 junction of vizier with the Per- 
 sians, 95. 
 
 Herbert, captain, capture of Howqua 
 fort by, VIII. xlviii. 30 at the 
 storming of Chinghae, 36. 
 
 Herbert, lion. Sidney, secretary to Ad- 
 miralty, 1841, VII. xli. 14 note in- 
 troduction of limited service system 
 by, xliii. 95 note motion by, on the 
 army and navy, VIII. lvi. 60. 
 
 Hercule, the, at Messina, VIII. lii. 22. 
 
 Herder, the works of, V. xxviii. 47. 
 
 1 lereditary peerage, views of Louis Phi- 
 lippe on the, IV. xxiv. 33 question 
 of the abolition of the, in France, 
 xxv. 90 arguments for the abolition, 
 91 et seq. and against it, 96 et seq. 
 
 it carried in the Deputies, 102 
 
 and forced through the upper 
 house by a creation of peers, 103 
 
 reflections on this, 101 its pre- 
 vious degradation, 105 experience 
 of England in regard to a, 1 00 in- 
 crease of the power of the crown in 
 France by its abolition, V. xxix. 1 
 effect of its destruction, VII. xliv. 10. 
 
 Hereditary right, not recognised in Tur- 
 key, III. xiii. 19. 
 
 Heritable property, insecurity of ten- 
 ure of, in Turkey, III. xiii. 19. 
 
 Heritors, the, and the old Scotch poor- 
 law, VII. xlii. 27- under the new, 
 29. 
 
 Herman and Dorothea, Goethe's, V. 
 xxviii. 12. 
 
 Hermann, M., becomes minister of 
 finance, V. xxix. 83, xxx. 9 resig- 
 nation of, xxxiii. 5 proposes reduc- 
 tion of interest on debt, and resigns, 
 47 finance minister under Soult, 
 1840, VI. xxxiv. 102 note on the 
 state of the finances, 113. 
 
 Hermanstadt, combats at, VIII. Iv. 20 
 defeat of the Russians at, 21 taken 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 141 
 
 by the Hungarians, ib. taken by the 
 Russians, 68 finaldefeat of Bern at, 70. 
 
 Hermes, Dr, dispute between Prussia 
 and the Pope regarding, V. xxvii. 58. 
 
 Hermopolis, the bishop of, defence of 
 the Jesuits by, III. xvi. 56. 
 
 Hero and Leander, Schiller's, V. xxviii. 
 20. 
 
 Herreras, Seiior Garcia, arbitrary punish- 
 ment of, II. vii. 40 minister of justice 
 in 1820, 75. 
 
 Herries, Mr, becomes chancellor of the 
 exchequer, IV. xxi. 91 tenders his 
 resignation, 94 at first retains office 
 under Wellington, 95 a member of 
 the finance committee, 100 motion 
 by, on the Russo-Belgian loan, V. xxxi. 
 11 war secretary, 1835, VI. xxxv. 10 
 note a member of the committee on 
 the bank charter act, VII. xliii. 112 
 arguments of, against repeal of naviga- 
 tion laws, VIII. lvi. 11 et seq. presi- 
 dent of board of control, 1852, 64 note. 
 
 Herrings, imported, proposed new tariff 
 on, VII. xli. 47 note. 
 
 Herschel, the discoveries of, I. v. 40. 
 
 Hertford prison, education among cri- 
 minals in, VII. xliii. 96 note. 
 
 Hertwitz, capture of, by the Russians, 
 III. xv. 72. 
 
 Hess, general, character of, VIII. lii. 7 
 plans of, 89. 
 
 Hesse, general, forces under, 1828, III. 
 xv. 67. 
 
 Hesse, army of, V. xxx. 26 note a 
 member of the Zollverein, VIII. liii. 13. 
 
 Hesse-Cassel, contributions from Fiance 
 to, I. iii. 48 note character of the 
 elector of, and revolutionary disturb- 
 ances in, 1830, IV. xxiv. 84 revolu- 
 tionary movement in, 1831, xxv. 33 
 votes of, in the Germanic Diet, V. 
 xxvii. 4 note population and military 
 contingent, 5 note dissolution of the 
 Chamber in, 51 statistics of, VIII. 
 liii. 5 note affairs in, and dissensions 
 between Austria and Prussia regard- 
 ing, 91 intervention of Russia, 92 
 final settlement of affairs, 93. 
 
 Hesse - Darmstadt, contributions from 
 France to, I. iii. 48 note votes of, in 
 the Germanic Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note 
 population and military contingent, 
 5 note statistics of, VIII. liii. 5 note 
 accepts the Germanic constitution 
 of 1848, 77. 
 
 Hesse-Homburg, accession of, to the 
 Zollverein, V. xxvii. 6G. 
 
 Hesse Oldenburg, accepts the Germanic 
 constitution of 1848, VIII. liii. 77. 
 
 Hetairists, formation of the society of 
 the, in Greece, III. xiv. 4 its organisa- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 tion, 5 secresy maintained regarding 
 its affairs, 6 begin the insurrection 
 in Wallachia, 15 headed by Alex- 
 ander Ipsilanti, 16 note. 
 
 Hey gate, alderman, arguments of, against 
 the resumption of cash payments, I. 
 iv. 73 et seq. speech of, on the budget, 
 1820, II. x. 55 arguments of, against 
 the suppression of small notes, IV. 
 xxi. 12. 
 
 Heymes, colonel, IV. xxiv. 26. 
 
 Heytesbury, lord, appointed governor- 
 general of India, but the appointment 
 cancelled, VI. xl. 16. 
 
 Heytesbury, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Hicks, brigadier, at Aliwal, VIII. xlix. 78. 
 
 Hides, proposed reduction of duties on, 
 VII. xlii. 49. 
 
 Higgins, Dr, declaration of, for repeal, 
 .VII. xli. 69. 
 
 High Church party, indignation of the, at 
 Catholic emancipation, IV.xxii. 7 ob- 
 jects of the, in desiring reform, 74. 
 
 High ti-eason, punishment of death 
 abolished for, in France, VIII. 1. 36. 
 
 Higham Ferrers, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Higher classes, spread of liberalism 
 among the, in England, I. v. 110 
 civilisation confined to the, in Russia, 
 
 II. viii. 40 proportion of taxation 
 paid by the, IV. xxiii. 147. 
 
 Highlands, the, the potato disease and 
 
 famine in, 1846, VII. xliii. 31, 51 
 
 means taken for their relief, 52. 
 Hill, major, defence of Pegu by, VIII. 
 
 xlix. 117. 
 Hill, Rowland, his plan of post-office 
 
 reform, VI. xxxviii. 18. 
 Hindia, surrender of, to the British, VI. 
 
 xxxix. 46. 
 Hindon, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 
 note. 
 Hindoo Coosh, advance of the British to 
 
 the, VI. xl. 78. 
 Ilindostan, non-progressive state of, I. i. 
 
 67 proposed opening of trade to, V. 
 
 xxxi. 72 neglect of manufactures of, 
 
 by act of 1833, 71 repeated conquests 
 
 of, VI. xxxix. 3. See India. 
 Hirchova, capture of, by the Russians, 
 
 III. xv. 42 passage of the Danube by 
 the Russians at, 116. 
 
 HistoireXaturelle, Museum d', grant for, 
 
 V. xxx. IS note. 
 History, special character of present, I. 
 
 i. 75, 76 Herder's philosophy of, V. 
 
 xxviii. 47 Schlegel's, 50. 
 Hoang-ho river, the, VIII. xlviii. 7. 
 Hobhouse, Mr, afterwards Sir John 
 
 Cam, IV. xxii. 79 resignation of, 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 H2 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Hobhouse, Mr, continued. 
 
 and thrown out for Westminster, V. 
 xxxi. 62 appointed to woods and 
 forests, 1 42 president of board of 
 control, 1835, VI. xxxv. 44 note argu- 
 ments of, for corporate reform bill, 
 xxxvi. 9 on the British interference 
 at Herat, xl. 52 president of board of 
 control, 1846, VII. xliii. 4 note. 
 
 Hodde, Lucien de la, on the republican 
 forces in 1848, VII. xlvii. 49. 
 
 Hodorynski, a Gallician noble, death of, 
 
 VII. xlvi. 23. 
 
 Hoffman, denunciations of the ultra- 
 montane party by, III. xvi. 11. 
 Hoffman, general, defeat of Struve by, 
 
 VIII. liii. 67. 
 
 Ilohenlohe, prince, created a peer, III. 
 xvi. 69 corps under, for invasion of 
 Spain, II. xii. 70. 
 
 Hohenzollern, representation of, in the 
 Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note population 
 and military contingent, 5 note 
 accepts the Germanic constitution of 
 1848, VIII. liii. 77. 
 
 Hohenzollern-Hechingcn, representation 
 of, in the Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note. 
 
 Holbeck, rates of mortality in, 1841, VII. 
 xli. 17 note. 
 
 Ilolkar, the treaty with, VI. xxxix. 34 
 its discreditable terms, 35 defeat and 
 final submission of, 51. 
 
 Holland, lord, on the bill for detaining 
 Napoleon at St Helena, I. ii. 59 argu- 
 ments of, against the foreign enlist- 
 ment bill, iv. 100 et seq. on the 
 treatment of Napoleon at St Helena, 
 II. ix. 115 chancellor of duchy of 
 Lancaster, 1830, IV. xxiii. 6 note one 
 of the commission for giving the royal 
 assent to the reform bill, 115 
 chancellor of duchy of Lancaster, 
 1835, VI. xxxv. 41 note. 
 
 Holland House, social influence of, I. v. 
 111. 
 
 Holland, number of children receiving 
 education in, II. x. 57 designs of 
 France regarding, III. xvii. 49 the 
 navigation laws directed against, xix. 
 20 Mr Wallace's act regarding, 22 
 dissensions between, and Belgium, IV. 
 xxiv. 69 jealousies between them, 70 
 final separation of Belgium from, 
 xxv. 20 protocol fixing its limits, 22 
 warlike prepai'ations of, 23 the 
 king of, application of, to the Ger- 
 manic Diet, 29 warlike preparations 
 in, 00 what the London congress 
 should have done regarding, 61 
 views of France and England, 62 
 reason which led them to support the 
 Belgians, 63 change the election of 
 
 The L 
 
 Prince Leopold made on views of, 65 
 change in policy of Great Britain, 
 66 change in language of France and 
 England regarding Luxembourg, 67 
 further negotiations, and secret treaty 
 between France and England, 68 the 
 five powers deviate from act of separa- 
 tion, and she declares war, 69 com- 
 mencement of hostilities, and forces 
 on both sides, 70 defeat of the 
 Belgians, 71 intervention of the 
 French, 72 armistice, and withdrawal 
 of the French, 73 acquiescence of the 
 northern powers in the intervention 
 of France and England, 74 advan- 
 tages gained by her by the hostilities, 
 75 final terms proposed by the five 
 powers ib. reciprocity treaty of 
 Prussia, &c. with, V. xxvii. 61 pre- 
 parations of England and France for 
 war with, xxix. 84 convention regard- 
 ing Antwerp, 85 negotiations on the 
 subject, 86 military preparations of, 
 89 siege and capture of Antwerp, 90 
 et se<7. reasons of, for desiring accom- 
 modation, 95 treaty with Belgium, 
 96 resolution of the Congress of 
 Muntz-Graetz regarding, xxx. 26 
 Limhourg and Luxembourg assigned 
 by the treaty to, VI. xxxiv. 22 fresh 
 protocol regarding Belgium accepted 
 by, 26 the Indian possessions of, 
 ceded to the English, xxxix. 86 in- 
 crease of exports to, 1837-40, VII. xli. 
 29 award by king of, on the Maine 
 boundary, 90 changes in constitution 
 of, 1848, VIII. liii. 19 system of 
 prison labour in, lvii. 8. 
 
 Holmes, Mr, at the opening of the Man- 
 chester and Liverpool Railway, IV. 
 xxii. 61. 
 
 Holstein, votes of, in the Germanic Diet, 
 V. xxvii. 4 note population and mili- 
 tary contingent, 5 note refusal of the 
 Diet to sanction a constitution in, 36 
 statistics of, VIII. liii. 5 note. See 
 also Schleswig-Holstein. 
 
 Holy Alliance, the, motion regarding, I. 
 ii. 58 causes which led to, iii. 50 its 
 terms, 51 and the Congress of Trop- 
 pau, II. viii. 70 share of, in the con- 
 gresses of Troppau and Laybach, 75. 
 
 Holy coat of Treves, the, and religious 
 movement caused by it, V. xxvii. 73. 
 
 Holy Cross, mountain of the, III. xiii. 61. 
 
 Holy Trinity, storming of convent of, 
 Missolonghi, III. xiv. 136. 
 
 Holyrood, arrival of Charles X. at, III. 
 xvii. 98 his court at, V. xxix. 39 
 his departure, xxxiii. 74. 
 
 Home and foreign markets, comparative 
 value of, in England, 111. xix. 43. 
 
 arge Roman numeral* refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 14-3 
 
 Home trade, value of, as compared with 
 
 foreign, II. x. 75 the total value of 
 
 British, 75 note importance of, III. 
 
 xvii. 127. 
 Homme des Champs, Delille's, III. xviii. 
 
 64. 
 Homme d' Etat, the Me"rnoires d'un, III. 
 
 xviii. 50. 
 Horns, battle of, V. xxxii. 10. 
 Hondia, Don Narcisso de, minister of 
 
 justice, II. xii. 95 note. 
 Hone, trials and acquittal of, for libel, I. 
 
 iv. 21. 
 Hong Kong, proposed cession of, to the 
 
 British, VIII. xlviii. 27 its cession, 45. 
 Honiton, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 Hood, lord and lady, accompany the 
 
 queen to the coronation, II. x. 109. 
 Hooker, the prose of, V. xxviii. 41. 
 Hope, G. W., colonial uuder-secretary, 
 
 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 Hope, the banker, at Aix-la-Chapelle, I. 
 
 vi. 61. 
 Hope and Baring, Messrs, I. vi. 76. 
 Hopetoun House, embarkation of George 
 
 IV. from, II. x. 153. 
 Hops, foreign, proposed reduction of 
 
 duty on, VII. xlii. 49. 
 Hornbost, M., VIII. liv. 57. 
 Home, Sir W., solicitor-general, 1830, 
 
 IV. xxiii. 6 note. 
 Horner, Mr, arguments of, 1816, for the 
 
 resumption of cash payments, I. ii. 
 
 46 reflections on his views, 53, 54 
 
 death of, iv. 26 sketch of his career 
 
 and character, 27 his character as an 
 
 orator and political philosopher, 28 
 
 Peel a follower of, VII. xli. 5. 
 Horrmuck, surrender of the Sikhs at, 
 
 VIII. xlix. 106. 
 Horse Guards, preparations against the 
 
 Chartists at the, VII. xliii. 132. 
 Horses, importation of, into France, III. 
 
 xvii. 128. 
 Hort, defeat of the Austrians at, VIII. 
 
 Iv. 22. 
 Hortense, queen, influence of, with 
 
 Labedoyere, I. iii. 78. 
 Horticulture, improvement of, in France, 
 
 II. ix. 2. 
 Horton, Mr Wilmot, his proposals on 
 
 emigration, and how received, II. x. 
 
 117 on the emigration question, IV. 
 
 xxi. 27, 28. 
 Hospitals, deaths in, in Paris, III, xvii. 
 
 132 the Parisian, statistics of admis- 
 sions to, &c, IV. xxv. 42 decree for 
 
 establishing, in the Papal States, VII. 
 
 xlvi. 66. 
 Hospitalitv, prevalence of, in Affghanis- 
 
 tan, VI. xl. 21. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Hospodars of "Wallachia and Moldavia, 
 the, III. xiii. 74. 
 
 Hotel de Ville, the, capture of, by the 
 insurgents, 1830, III. xvii. 69 re- 
 captured, 71 provisional government 
 at, their reception of the concessions of 
 the king, 86 importance of its cap- 
 ture, 1 04 scene at, between the 
 Orleanists and Republicans, IV. xxiv. 
 22 visit of the Duke of Orleans to, 
 29 his reception, 30 capture of, by 
 the insurgents of 12th May 1839, VI. 
 xxxiv. 37 appointment of provisional 
 government at, 1848, VII. xlvii. 75 
 first proceedings of the provisional 
 government, VIII. 1. 4 confusion, 
 &c. at, 5 demonstration of March 
 17th at, 53 preparations for defence 
 at, 60 insurrectionary provisional 
 government at, 73. 
 
 Hotel Bourbon, meeting of the Orleanist 
 deputies and peers at the, IV. xxiv. 19. 
 
 Hottentots, effects of the emancipation 
 of the, at the Cape, VIII. lvi. 47 
 their desertion, 48. 
 
 Houdetot, general d', at the Col de Mou- 
 zaia, VII. xlv. 23. 
 
 Houses, increased value of, in France, 
 III. xvii. 35. 
 
 House tax, the, its inequality, IV. xxiii. 
 147 motion for repeal of it, V. xxxi. 
 60 proposals of Mr Disraeli regarding 
 it, VIII. lvi. 70. 
 
 Household suffrage, Brougham's pro- 
 posal of, IV. xxii. 75 note establish- 
 ed in Prussia, 1848, VIII. liii. 29. 
 
 Howard, monument erected by Alex- 
 ander to, II. viii. 64. 
 
 Howick, lord, declaration by, on reform, 
 1829, IV. xxii. 42 note motion by, 
 on it, 1830, 43 arguments of, on the 
 Irish church, VI. xxxv. 33 secretary - 
 at-war, 1835, 44 note on the emigra- 
 tion from Ireland, 1837, xxxvi. 59 
 new system of land sales introduced 
 by, in South Australia, xxxviii. 11 
 votes against Mr Villiers' motion on 
 the corn laws, 37 motion by, on the 
 Irish franchise, 41 thrown out for 
 Northumberland, 1841,57. See after- 
 wards Grey, earl. 
 
 Howlett, major, in battle before Prome, 
 VI. xxxix. 69. 
 
 Howqua fort, capture of, by the British, 
 VIII. xlviii. 30. 
 
 Hrabovski, commandant of Buda, VIII. 
 liv. 48. 
 
 Huber, liberation of, VIII. 1. 11 a leader 
 of the revolt of May 15th, 72. 
 
 Hubert, the conspiracy of, his trial and 
 sentence, VI. xxxiv. 19. 
 
 Huckscher, M., VIII. liii. 46, 64. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 IU 
 
 HISTORY OP EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Huddersfield, seditious assemblage at, 
 II. x. 49 manufacturing distress iu, 
 1829, IV. xxii. 16 member given to, 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Hudson's Bay Company, terms of Oregon 
 treaty regarding, VII. xli. 95. 
 
 Huft Kotul, the retreat down the, VI. 
 xl. 133 forcing of it by the British, 
 VIII. xlviii. 91. 
 
 Hugh Lindsay, first voyage by the, from 
 Bombay to Suez, VI. xl. 13. 
 
 Hugo, Victor, the romances of, III. xviii. 
 70 a writer for the daily press, 74 
 La Tour du Nesle by, V. xxx. 7 
 elected for National Assembly, VIII. 
 1. 77 speech of, against the Ateliers 
 Nationaux, 79 opposes the constitu- 
 tion of 1848, li. 16. 
 
 Huish, captain, at Chillianwallah, VIII. 
 xlix. 101. 
 
 Hulks, prisoners in the, VIII. lvi. 42 
 note. 
 
 Hull, mercantile losses in, on the peace, 
 I. ii. 5 election of 1835 in, VI. xxxv. 
 19 non-registration of foreigners at, 
 VII. xlii. 32. 
 
 Hullin, general, indemnity to, II. ix. 102 
 note. 
 
 Hulot, general, suppression of outbreak 
 at Grenoble by, V. xxix. 24. 
 
 Human species, provision for the general 
 diffusion of the, I. i. 46. 
 
 Humann, M , report on the finances by, 
 1841, VII. xliv. 59 new valuation 
 proposed by, 60. 
 
 Humboldt, Alexander de, at Aix-la-Cha,- 
 pelle, I. vi. 61 the works of, III. 
 xviii. 61 his energy, 62 character of, 
 as a statesman, V. xxvii. 42. 
 
 Hume, David, the autobiography of, V. 
 xxviii. 54 religious influence of, in 
 Germany, 68 on colonial govern- 
 ment, xxxi. 101. 
 
 Hume, lord, on the right of the able- 
 bodied poor to relief, VII. xlii. 29 
 note. 
 
 Hume, Dr, murder of, by the American 
 sympathisers, VI, xxxvii. 106, 
 
 Hume, Joseph, discussion on the queen 
 originated by, LI. x. 42 motion by, 
 for reduction of taxation, 1821, 103 
 moves the repeal of the combination 
 laws, III. xix. 52 motion by, on the 
 Irish church, IV. xx. 25 on the emi- 
 gration question, xxi. 27 opposes the 
 expedition to Portugal, 54 opposes 
 the grant to Canning's family, 99 
 vote of, on the address, 1830, xxii. 
 25 motion by, for reduction of the 
 army and navy, 29 motion by, for 
 giving members to the colonies, xxiii. 
 75 on the opposition of the Beers to 
 
 The Lu 
 
 the bill, 109 note motion by, on the 
 address, V. xxxi. 27 arguments of, 
 against the coercion act, 36 et seq. 
 on the reductions of taxation, 1833, 
 58 coalition of, with the Irish mem- 
 bers, 1 1 3 motion by, against the 
 Lords, VI. xxxvi. 23 opposes the ad- 
 dition to the navy, 1836, 51 and 
 moves the reduction of the army, ib. 
 banquet to, in Drury-Lane Theatre, 
 55 moves the stoppage of the sup- 
 plies, 1837, 58 motion by, on the 
 allowance to Prince Albert, xxxviii. 3 
 opposes addition to the army, 1839, 
 34 urges reduction of the army and 
 navy, VII. xli. 105 arguments of, 
 against Mr Fieldeu's factory bill, xliii. 
 89 opposes increase of the army, 
 VIII. lvi. 70. 
 
 Hun, persistent character of the, I. i. 
 60. 
 
 Huns, the conquests of the, III. xiii. 
 4. 
 
 Hunchback of Notre Dame, Hugo's, III. 
 xviii. 70. 
 
 Hungarians, the struggle of the, against 
 the Turks, IV. xxvi. 4 fidelity of the, 
 iu Italy, VIII. lii. 86. 
 
 Hungarian refugees, differences between 
 Great Britain and llussia regarding, 
 VIII. lvi. 56. 
 
 Hungary, the revolt of, iu 1848, I. i. 19 
 its suppression, 21 the conquest of, 
 by the Turks, III. xiii. 35 excite- 
 ment in, 1830, and measures of the 
 government, IV. xxv. 30 enthusiasm 
 in, in favour of the Poles, xxvi. 33 
 the insurrection in, VIII. lii. 62 its 
 effects iu Italy, 84 successive inva- 
 sions of, liii. 3 the constitution of, 
 10 exclusive privileges in, 11 com- 
 mencement of troubles in, liv. 8 de- 
 mands of the liberals, 9 constitution 
 for, ib. commencement of the revolt, 
 1 5 constitution granted, 1 6 hostility 
 in, to the Austrian rule, 19 concilia- 
 tory measures of Austria, 20 prepar- 
 ations of Jellachich against, 27 meet- 
 ing of the Deputies, 28 first acts of 
 the parliament, and internal reforms, 
 29 first differences between, and 
 Austria, 32 state of parties in, 34 
 the democrats, 35 character of the 
 leaders, 36 et anj. revolt of the Uazen, 
 42 preparations for war, 43 plan of 
 the campaign by the Austrians, 44 
 by the Hungarians, 45 efforts of the 
 latter, 46 proclamation of the Diet, 
 47 murder of Lamberg, 48 Diet 
 dissolved, and declared in a state of 
 siege, 50 reception of constitution 
 of 1819 in, lv. 3 military description 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 145 
 
 of, 4 forces and plans of Austrians, 
 5 their advance to Komorn, &c, 6, 
 7 movements of Georgey, 8 and of 
 Bern, 9 difficulties, &c. of Georgey, 
 10,11 efforts of Kossuth, &c, 12 
 execution of Bathiany, 13 discord 
 among the chiefs, and displacement of 
 Dembinski, 1 9 operations in Transyl- 
 vania, 20 et seq. renewed advance of 
 the insurgents toward Pesth, 22 
 battle of Tapio-Biscke, 25 and of 
 Isaszeg, 26 et seq. further successes of 
 
 Georgey, 29 et seq division among 
 
 the leaders, 32 et seq. declaration of 
 independence, 36 preparations, and 
 government declared revolutionary, 
 37 retreat of the Austrians from, 41 
 divided opinion as to the course to 
 be followed, 42 storm of Buda, 43 
 further successes, 44, 45 plan of 
 Austrians and Russians, 46 forces of 
 Hungarians, 47 and of their oppon- 
 ents, 50 total forces of insurgents, 
 51 causes of delay in opening the 
 campaign, 52 entry of the Russians, 
 54 operations on the Waag, 55 
 battle of Acz, 56 and of Komorn, 57 
 proposals for capitulation, 62 re- 
 sults of campaign hitherto, 64 battle 
 of Debrecziu, 66 disasters in Transyl- 
 vania, 68 suppression of the insurrec- 
 tion there, 70 continued disasters, 
 71 et seq. capitulation of Georgey, 
 and close of the war, 80 et seq. exe- 
 cutions of leaders, 85 interest of the 
 war in, 87 the insurrection unjustifi- 
 able, 88 results to freedom had it 
 succeeded, 89. 
 
 Huningen, terms of the treaty of Paris 
 regarding, I. iii. 48. 
 
 Hunt, Henry, and the Spafield riots, I. 
 ii. 67 insurrectionary efforts of, 1817, 
 iv. 10 at the Peterloo meeting, II. x. 
 26, 27 his arrest, 27- trial and sen- 
 tence of, 29 pusillanimity of, 36 
 motion by, on the general distress, 
 IV. xxiii. 97. 
 
 Huntingdonshire, the election of 1826 
 for, IV. xxi. 44. 
 
 Huntington, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Husband and wife, proposed separation 
 of, under new poor - law, V. xxxi. 
 153. 
 
 Huskisson, Mr, on the resumption of 
 cash payments in 1818, I. iv. 38, 40 
 note speech of, on the agricultural 
 distress question, II. x. 71 note re- 
 solutions on the agricultural distress 
 proposed by, 130 speech of, 1822, on 
 
 the currency question, 132 et seq 
 
 becomes president of rboard of trade, 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 III. xix. 17 heads the liberal section 
 of the cabinet, 18 his character, 19 
 sketch of his career, ib. note argu- 
 ments of, for the l'eciprocity system, 
 24 et seq. errors of, in his reciprocity 
 system, 34 the silk bill brought in 
 by, 49 reduction of the duties on 
 foreign wool, 50 bill for regulating 
 strikes brought in by, 53 renewed 
 free - trade measures, 1825,76 new 
 laws regarding colonial shipping, 77 
 arguments of, for suppression of 
 small notes, IV. xxi. 5 assents to 
 the retention of small notes in Scot- 
 land, 25 first brought into the cabi- 
 net by Lord Liverpool, 63 misunder- 
 standing between Wellington and, on 
 the corn bill, 79 note reply of, to 
 the complaints of the silk-weavers, 
 &c, 82 becomes colonial secretary, 
 91 tenders his resignation, 94 at 
 first retains office under Wellington, 
 95 resigns on the East Retford ques- 
 tion, 96 a member of the finance 
 committee, 1 00 arguments of, against 
 repeal of the test and corporation 
 laws, 107 vote of, on the address, 
 1830, xxii. 25 defence of the mone- 
 tary system by, 32 note declaration 
 by, on reform, 1829, 42 note re- 
 turned for Liverpool, 1830, 57 at 
 the opening of the Manchester and 
 Liverpool Railway, 60 his death, 
 61. 
 
 Hussein Pacha, measures of, against the 
 Janizaries, III. xv. 1 1 operations of, 
 1828, 42 forces for relief of Acre 
 under, V. xxxii. 8 defeated, and 
 abandons Aleppo, 11 again defeated 
 at Beylau, 12 removed from the 
 command, 13. 
 
 Hutchinson, Mr, aids in the escape of 
 Lavalette, I. iii. 95 his trial, &c, 
 96. 
 
 Hutt, Mr, new alien act brought in by, 
 VII. xlii. 32. 
 
 Hutton, the geologist, I. v. 41. 
 
 Hutton, Mi-, at the Peterloo meeting, 
 II. x. 27. 
 
 Huy, terms of treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 
 regarding, I. vi. 69. 
 
 Hyacinth, the, combat between, and 
 Chinese junks, VIII. xlviii. 25. 
 
 Hyde de Neuville, M., supports Fouche, 
 I. iii. 8 his character, 58 motion 
 by, regarding the inferior judges, 69 
 and the royalist journals, II. ix. 14 
 on the Spanish question, xii. 31 
 sketch of his career, ib. note minister 
 of marine, III. xvi. 73 resignation 
 of, 91 after the fall of Charles X., 
 
 IV. xxiv. 19 opposes the attempt of 
 
 to the Paragraph. K
 
 14C 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Hyde de Neuville, continued. 
 
 the Duchess de Berri, V. xxix. 46 
 arrest of, 77. 
 
 Hyder Khan, forces under, for defence 
 of Ghuznee, VI. xl. 68 taken pri- 
 soner, 72. 
 
 Hyderabad, contribution levied by Shall 
 Soojah on, VI. xl. 60 town of 
 (Scinde), VIII. xlix. 2 admission of 
 British agent to, 4 treacherous at- 
 tack on the Residency at, 13 capture 
 of, 19 battle of, 24 et seq. its re- 
 sults, 26. 
 
 Hyderabad, fort of, capture of, by the 
 British, VIII. xlix. 107. 
 
 Hydra, maritime importance of, III. xiii. 
 43 prosperity of, xiv. 2 revolt of, 
 22 organisation of the insurrection 
 at, 28 attack on, proposed by the 
 Turks, 103 energetic conduct of, 
 after the fall of Ipsara, 1 09 opposition 
 government to Capo d'Istrias at, V. 
 xxxii. 34 blockaded by Russia, ib. 
 
 Hydriotes, naval successes of the. III. 
 xiv. 34 attack on the Turkish fleet at 
 Chios by the, 63 et seq. 
 
 Hykulzie, defeat of England at, VIII. 
 xlviii. 78. 
 
 Hythe, partially disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Ibrahim Pacha, offers of the Sultan to, 
 regarding Greece, III. xiv. 103 his 
 plans for campaign of 1824, ib. sub- 
 jugation of Casos by, 104 disasters 
 of, at sea, 112 forces and plans of, for 
 campaign of 1825, 119 his landing in 
 the Morea, 120 victory of, near 
 Modon, 121 captures Sphacteria, 122 
 captures Navarino, 123 losses of 
 his fleet, 124 defeat of his fleet off 
 Modon, ib. successes of, on land, 126 
 losses of, his further successes, and 
 capture of Tripolitza, 127 defeat of 
 the Greeks at Tricorphse, &c. by, 128 
 operations of, after the fall of Mis- 
 solonghi, 147 state of his forces, 148 
 reinforcements received by, 156 
 war of extermination by him in the 
 Morea, 158 account of the battle of 
 Navarino by, 162 note his proceed- 
 ings after it, 164 evacuates Greece, 
 ib. operations of, after the battle of 
 Navarino, xv. 140 evacuation of 
 Greece by, ib. forces under, against 
 Pacha of Acre, V. xxxii. 5 lays siege 
 to Acre, 8 skilful operations of, and 
 its capture, 9 victory at Horns, 10 
 captures Aleppo, 1 1 victory of Beylau, 
 12 results of the campaign to, 13 
 advance of, to Konieh, 14 successes, 
 and preparations for decisive battle, 15 
 forces of, 16 battle of Konieh, 
 17 et seq. its results, and his further 
 successes, 20 interference of Russia, 
 23 et seq. terms offered by Turkey 
 to, 25 withdraws on treaty to Syria, 
 28 forces, ike. of, for campaign 
 of 1838, 48 victory of Nezib, 
 49 dispersion of his troops, 71 
 his defeat by Napier, ^.-bom- 
 bardment and fall of Acre, 72 losses 
 
 of, and his position after fall of Acre, 
 73 probable results of his advancing 
 to Constantinople, VI. xxxiv. 118. 
 
 Ida, Mount, defeat of the Cretans on, III. 
 xiv. 97. 
 
 Idees Napole"onnees, Louis Napoleon's, V. 
 xxxiii. 75, VI. xxxiv. 44, VII. xlvi. 30. 
 
 Idstedt, position of the forces at, VIII. 
 liii. 98 battle of, 99 et seq. its re- 
 sults, 102. 
 
 Iganie, victory of the Pol^s at, IV. xxvi. 
 66. 
 
 Ilchester disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Illegal meetings, uncertainty of the law 
 regarding, II. x. 30. 
 
 Illegitimate children, proportion of, in 
 France, III. xvii. 122 political effects 
 of this, 123 proportion of, to le- 
 gitimate, in Paris, IV. xxv. 42 
 regulations of new poor law re- 
 garding, V. xxxi. 150 arguments 
 against this, 152 amendment carried, 
 ib. proportion of, in Paris, 1838, VI. 
 xxxiv. 16. 
 
 Illicit distillation, suppression of. III. 
 xix. 73. 
 
 Illinois, statistics of banks in, VI. xxxvii. 
 7 note miles of railway in, VII. xliii. 
 122 note. 
 
 Imagination, modern French works of, 
 their pernicious character, III. xviii. 
 5 Delille's poem called, 64. 
 
 Imitation, as the characteristic of early 
 literature, V. xxviii. 4. 
 
 Immigration, amount of Irish, into 
 Great Britain during the famine, VII. 
 xliii. 15. 
 
 Immoral publications, law against the 
 criers of, in Paris, V. xxx. '64. 
 
 Immorality, prevalence of, in the great 
 
 TJ.c Lar'je Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 147 
 
 towns of France, and its effects, III. 
 xvii. 122 et seq. prevalence of, in 
 France under Louis Philippe, IV.xxv. 
 41 statistics showing, in Paris, 42 
 prevalence of, among the working 
 classes in France, V. xxix. 4, 5. 
 
 Imperial Canal of China, the, VIII. 
 xlviii. 8. 
 
 Imperial donatories, law for indemnity 
 to the, in France, II. ix. 102. 
 
 Imports, Algeria, VII. xlv. 81850-5, 
 48 and note. 
 
 Imports, Canada, increase of, since 1841, 
 
 VI. xxxvii. 112. 
 
 Imports, France, increase of, 1816 to 
 1821, II. ix. 41825-6, III. xvi. 52 
 1822-30, xvii. 38 note fall in, after 
 the revolution, IV. xxv. 381834-6, 
 V. xxxiii. 461837-41, VI. xxxiv. 9 
 note increase of, 1841 to 1847, VII. 
 xliv. 2 and note 1845-50, VIII. 1. 27 
 note falling off in, 1848, li. 34. 
 
 Imports, Germany, VIII. liii. 5 note. 
 
 Imports, Great Britain, ratio of, to ship- 
 ping, 1820-51, I. i. 28 note 1792 and 
 1815, ii. 2 falling of in, 1817, iv. 10 
 increased amount of, 1818, 32 - 
 amount of, 1818, 43 falling off in, 
 1819, 56 increase of, 1816-18, II. x. 
 20 and note fall in, 1818 to 1821, 23 
 1820-25, III. xix. 8 note 1838-53, 
 47 note excess of, over exports, 1825, 
 65, 67 excessive, 1825, 791818-32, 
 as compared with currency, &c, IV. 
 xxi. 19 note diminution of, 1829, 
 xxii. 161830 to 1833, V. xxxi. 55 
 note 1845-9, VI. xxxv. 6 note- 
 1834-6, 13 note excess of, over ex- 
 ports, 1837-42, and its effects, xxxvii. 
 34 comparison of navy with, 1792 
 and 1838, xxxviii. 35 note 1839-43, 
 
 VII. xli. 1 7 and note improvement 
 in, 1839-44, 77 note 1815 and 1845, 
 117 note increase in, 1842 to 1847, 
 xlii. 13 and note great increase of, 
 over exports, 1847, xliii. 71 table of, 
 1841-9, ib. note increase of, 1847, &c., 
 1231845 to 1850, ib. note great 
 excess of, over exports, its causes and 
 consequences, 144, 145 effects of the 
 gold discoveries on, 165 and note 1846 
 to 1852, VIII. lvi. 4 and note effect 
 of the gold discoveries on, 74 and note. 
 
 Imports, India, VI. xxxix. 9 and note 
 
 1849-54, 32 note. 
 Imports, Irish. 1793-1823, IV. xx. 6 
 
 before and since the Union, V. xxxi. 
 
 124 note. 
 Imports, United States, 1824-36, VI. 
 
 xxxvii. 6 note. 
 Imports, West Indies, before and after 
 
 emancipation, VI. xxxvii. 125 note. 
 the Small, to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Import duties, proposed reductions of, 
 by Peel, VII. xli. 46, 47. 
 
 Importation, duties on, in Turkey, and 
 injury done by it, III. xiii. 21. 
 
 Impregnable, the, at the battle of Al- 
 giers, I. ii. 72, 77, 79, 80. 
 
 Imprisonment, arbitrary power of, under 
 Louis Philippe, V. xxix. 79 frequency 
 of, in Paris under Louis Philippe, xxx. 
 31 sentences of, in the army, 1839 to 
 1843, VII. xliii. 23 increase of, in 
 England, VIII. lvi. 41. 
 
 Imprisonment for debt, re-enactment of, 
 in France, VIII. li. 4. 
 
 Incendiarism, prevalence of, 1830, IV. 
 xxii. 70 continued prevalence of, in 
 England, xxiii. 25. 
 
 Income, see Finances. 
 
 Incomes, proposed taxation of, in France, 
 VIII. li. 5 estimated total amount of, 
 in 1816, 1, ii. 20 Peel'sestimate of total 
 amounts of, VII. xli. 46 perishable, 
 injustice of the income tax on, 58. 
 
 Income tax, inequality and injustice of 
 the, I. ii. 22, IV. xxiii. 147 amounts of, 
 paid by the agricultural and the manu- 
 facturing interests, III. xix. 42 class 
 by which paid, IV. xxiii. 125 pro- 
 portion of, paid by land, &c, 136, 160 
 proposed, on'the Irish clergy, V. 
 xxxi. 45 threatened imposition of, 
 VI. xxxv. 26 Peel's scheme of, VII. 
 xli. 46 alarm excited by, 49 argu- 
 ments against it, 50 it is passed, 55 
 it was justifiable, 58 its injustice on 
 perishable incomes, 59 how levied in 
 Denmark, 60 note produce of, 77, 
 104 continuance of it, 1845, xlii. 15 
 arguments against it, 1Q et seq. re- 
 flections on it, 191849, &c, VIII. 
 lvi. 33. See also Property tax. 
 
 Incorporated trades, unrepresented un- 
 der municipal reform bill, VI. xxxvi. 8. 
 
 Incorporations, value of, in Turkey, III. 
 xiii. 29. 
 
 Inconvertible currency, value of an, II. 
 x. 12. 
 
 Indefatigable, mutiny onboard the, I. ii. 
 69 note. 
 
 Indemnities, final arrangement between 
 France and the allies regarding the, I. 
 vi. 59. 
 
 Indemnity, bill of, 1818, I. iv. 41 the 
 law of the, passed, III. xvi. 30 its 
 results, 31 its distribution, 32. 
 
 Independence, passion for, in Greece, 
 III. xiv. 3 increasing passion for, in 
 Poland, IV. xxvi. 11 universal pas- 
 sion for,VI. xxxix. 1 causes of this, 2. 
 
 India, vast increase of the British power 
 in, I. i. 14, 15 vast recent growth of 
 the British empire in, II. viii. 1 
 
 to the Paragraph,
 
 148 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 India, continued. 
 petition against the restrictions on the 
 trade to, x. 64 British exports to, 75 
 note the recent wars of England in, 
 against Mahommedans, III. xv. 1 
 members proposed to be given to, IV. 
 xxiii. 75 note state of, under the East 
 India Company compared with its for- 
 mer state, V.xxxi. 70 increase of trade 
 with, since abolition of the monopoly, 
 73 and note injustice done by new 
 act to inhabitants of, 74 the British 
 system of government in, xxxii. 4 im- 
 portance of Egypt with regard to, 40 
 peculiarities of the British empire, 
 VI. xxxix. 3 advantage of the Eng- 
 lish government, 4 and its evils, 
 5 extent of the British empire, 6 
 great payments drawn to Eng- 
 land, 7 exclusion of natives from 
 situations of trust, 8 injury to in- 
 dustry from the connection with 
 Great Britain, 9 causes of the pov- 
 erty of the inhabitants, 10 means 
 of irrigation furnished by nature, 11 
 great extent of sea-coast, 12 public 
 works which formerly existed, 13 
 difficulties of the British government 
 as regards puHic works, 14 results 
 of the Zemindar system, 15 the vil- 
 lage system, 16 general increase of 
 produce in, 17 effect of a real reci- 
 procity if established, 18 neglect of, 
 as a cotton-producing country, 19 
 impossibility of augmenting indirect 
 taxes, 20 revenues of the Company, 
 21 decline of industry under former 
 British administrations, 22 items of 
 revenue, 23 monopolies of opium and 
 salt, and other sources of revenue, 24 
 
 military establishment, 25 this 
 not excessive, 26 the Sepoy troops, 
 27 true policy to be pursued by the 
 government, 28 judicial establish- 
 ment, 29 the protected States, and 
 their rapid decline, 30 great want of 
 a paper circulation, 31 drain of the 
 precious metals from England to, 32 
 splendour of recent history, 33 
 Lord Cornwallis's second administra- 
 tion, 31 discreditable treaty with 
 Scindia, &c, 35 accession of Sir 
 George Barlow, and conclusion of 
 Mahratta peace, 36 mutiny at Vel- 
 lore, 37 Lord Minto's administration, 
 C* Earl Moira's administration, the 
 Ghoorka war. 39 early disasters, 41 
 
 successes of Ochterlony, 42 -further 
 successes, and conclusion of peace, 43 
 ratification of it, 44 causes of the 
 Pindarree war, and their outrages, 45 
 commencement of it, 46 battle of 
 
 The Lai 
 
 Kirkee, &c, 47 second check of the 
 Peishwah, 48 further successes of 
 the British, 49 ravages of cholera in 
 the army, 50 further successes, 51 
 end of the war, and of Lord Hast- 
 ing's administration, 52 reflections 
 on it, 53 Amherst administration, 
 and war with Burmah, 54 causes 
 which led to it, 55 resources of the 
 Burmese, and difficulties of the war, 
 56 first operations of it, 57 its slow 
 progress, and sickness among the 
 troops, 58 their successes, 59 re- 
 verses in Burmah, 60 sufferings of 
 the troops in Rangoon, 61 reverses 
 on Arracan frontier, 62 fresh efforts 
 of the British, and their success, 63 
 victories before Rangoon, 64 ac- 
 tions during advance on Prome, 65 
 capture of Prome, 66 storming of 
 Arracan, 67 renewed difficulties from 
 sickness, 68 decisive victories, 69 
 advance toward Ava, and submission 
 of Burmese, 70 renewed hostilities, 
 and final victory, 71 peace concluded, 
 72 reflections on the war, 73 it 
 was unavoidable, 74 treaty with 
 King of Siam, 75 mutiny at Bar- 
 rackpore, 76 its suppression, 77 re- 
 flections on it, 78 difference with 
 Rajah of Bhurtpore, 79 increased 
 disturbances, and interference of the 
 British, 80 commencement of the 
 war, and forces, 81 siege and capture 
 of Bhurtpore, 82 et seq. its results, 
 85 acquisition of Singapore, 86 
 consequences of these triumphs in 
 causing undue reduction of army, xl. 
 1 embarrassed state of finances, 2 
 probable effects of relaxing the com- 
 mercial code, 3 Lord William Ben- 
 tinck, governor-general, and his cha- 
 racter, 4 his first measures, 5 
 further economical reforms, 6 large 
 reductions in the army, 7 abstrac- 
 tion of officers to fill diplomatic situa- 
 tions, 8 abolition of the Suttee, 9 
 destruction of the Thugs, 10 removal 
 of civil forfeitures consequent on 
 conversion to Christianity, 11 political 
 transactions, deposition of Rajah of 
 Coorg, &c , 12 restoration of passage 
 by Red Sea, 13 Metcalfe's interim 
 government, and liberation of the 
 press, 14 reflections on this, 15 
 character of Lord Auckland, 16 
 deposition of Rajah of Sattara, 17 
 the north the quarter of danger to, 
 18 Persia the chief barrier, 19 de- 
 scription of A Afghanistan, 20 character 
 of its population, 21 threatened in- 
 vasion of Zemaun Shah, &c, 24 
 
 ge Roman numerals refer to (he Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 149 
 
 treaty with Persia in 1801, 25 rup- 
 ture with Persia, and alliance with 
 Afghanistan, 26 renewed alliance 
 with Persia, 27 jealousy of Russia 
 regarding, 28 her progress, and views, 
 29 chances of invasion by her, 32 
 Affghanistan the barrier against her, 
 33 means by which it might have 
 been retained in interest of England, 
 34 its state, 35 ad vantages from sup- 
 porting Dost Mahommed, 37 Rus- 
 sian designs on Herat, 38 kingdom 
 of the Sikhs, 39 jealousy between 
 them and the Affghans, 40 Russian 
 intrigues at Cabul, 41 policy pur- 
 sued toward Dost Mahommed, 42 
 siege of Herat, 44 et seq. interference 
 of the English, and raising of it, 50 
 effects of this, 51 policy toward 
 Affghanistan resolved on, 52 treaty 
 for restoration of Shah Soojah, 54 
 et seq. preparations for the expedi- 
 tion, 56 forces for it, 57 displays 
 in the Punjaub, 58 the march into 
 Affghanistan, 59 et seq. reception of 
 Shah Soojah, 64 sensation caused 
 by these events, 66 further move- 
 ments and successes, 67 et seq. cap- 
 ture of Ghuznee, 70 et seq. flight 
 of Dost Mahommed, 73 entry into 
 Cabul, 74 honours conferred on the 
 leaders, 75 flattering appearances in 
 Affghanistan, 76 real causes of em- 
 barrassment, 77 plans for the future 
 in Affghanistan, 78 attack on Khelat, 
 79 growing difficulties of the troops, 
 81, 83 disquieting intelligence from 
 Herat, 84 death of Runjeet Singh, and 
 hostile disposition of the Sikhs, 85 
 progress, &c. of the insurrection in 
 Affghanistan, 86 checks in the Bam- 
 ian Pass, 87, 88 defeat of Dost Ma- 
 hommed, 89 his fresh attempts, 90 
 and victory, 92 his surrender, 93 
 increased tranquillity, 94 renewed in- 
 surrection, and victory of Nott, 95 
 victory of Wymer, 96 progress of the 
 insurrection in Affghanistan, 97 et seq. 
 proceedings at Cabul, 101 et seq. 
 death of Burnes, 103 losses of the 
 British, &c, 105 terms of the capi- 
 tulation in Affghanistan, 121 the 
 retreat from Affghanistan, 128 et seq. 
 recall of Auckland and appointment of 
 Ellenborough, 136 injustice of the 
 Affghanistan expedition, 137 errors 
 in it, 138, 139 the conferring of 
 civil offices on military officers, 140 
 difficulties regarding, 1841, VII. xli. 
 15 reinforcements sent to, after the 
 Affghanistan disaster, 61 estimated 
 supply of sugar from, 1847, xliii. 5 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 note capabilities of, for production 
 of sugar, 10 alleged effect of ad- 
 mission of slave - grown sugars on, 
 1 1 the abolition and resumption of 
 flogging in, 26 the British empire in, 
 and the French in Algeria, xlv. 49 
 exports of opium from, VIII. xlviii. 21 
 disastrous state of, after the Aff- 
 ghanistan retreat, 47 collection of 
 troops at Peshawur, 48 views of 
 government regarding Affghanistan, 
 51 general despondence, 52 agita- 
 tion and incipient conspiracy, 53 
 depressed state of troops, 54 rejoic- 
 ings in, on the relief of Jellalabad, &c, 
 66 final retirement of the British 
 from Affghanistan, 106 joy on these 
 successes, 107 the conquest and an- 
 nexation of Scinde, xlix. 1 et seq. the 
 war with Gwalior, 34 et seq. results 
 of Lord Ellenborough's administra- 
 tion, 43 his recall, 44 et seq. ap- 
 pointment of Sir H. Hardinge, 46 
 discontents among the Sepoys, 47 
 arrival of Hardinge, and his first mea- 
 sures, 48 importance of railways, 49 
 measures for constructing them, lb. 
 history of the Sikh war, 50 e( seq. 
 treaty with the Sikhs, 88 joy on 
 these successes, 89 second Sikh war, 
 94 et seq. annexation of the Punjaub, 
 110 peace, 111 -pacific improve- 
 ments of the Company, 112- great 
 works undertaken, 113 second Bur- 
 mese war, 114 et seq. peace, 118 
 annexation of Oude, 119 picture of 
 the British empire in, 1857, 123 
 causes of its prosperity, 124 reflec- 
 tions on the fall of the Company, 125 
 
 danger of direct government, 126. 
 Indians, language and philosophy of the, 
 
 Schlegel's work on, V. xxviii. 65. 
 Indian corn, proposed abolition of duty 
 
 on, VII. xlii. 49 importations, &c. of, 
 
 1847, xliii. 41 meal, government sales 
 
 of, in Ireland, 30. 
 Indian press, liberation of the, VI. xl. 
 
 14 reflections on it, 15. 
 Indiana, statistics of banks in, VI. xxxvii. 
 
 7 note increase of banks in, 1 837, 23 
 
 miles of railway in, xliii. 122 
 note. 
 
 Indigo, prices of, 1824-5, III. xix. 64 note 
 and sugar, joint-stock companies for, 
 1825, 66 note fall in, 1825-6, 79 note 
 prices of, 1824-32, IV. xxiii. 130 
 note fall in price of, 1782-1837, VI. 
 xxxvii. 46 note. 
 
 Indirect i*epresentation, the system of, 
 in England, IV. xxii. 2, 3. 
 
 Indirect taxation, progressive abandon- 
 ment of, VII. xlii. 20. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 150 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Indirect taxes, advantages of, I. ii. 21 
 produce of, France, III. xvii. 3C 
 the repeal of, the cause of the abandon- 
 ment of the sinking fund, IV. xxii. 39 
 amount repealed, ib. note their re- 
 peal due to the contraction of the cur- 
 rency, 40 impossibility of augment- 
 ing, iu India,VI. xxxix. 20 repeal of, 
 in France, 1848, viii. 1. 28 falling off 
 in them there, 1848, li. 1, 33. 
 
 Individual liberty, law suspending, passed 
 by the French Chambers, I. iii. 65 dis- 
 cussion on it, 66 and in the Peers, 70. 
 
 Indoor and outdoor paupers, comparison 
 of, 1840-8, V. xxxi. 153 note. 
 
 Indus river, the, VIII. xlix. 52 probable 
 route of Russia toward, VI. xl. 32 
 army of, 57 violation of treaty with 
 Ameers of Scinde regarding, GO pass- 
 age of it by the Afghanistan expedi- 
 tion, 61 course, &c. of, VIII. xlix. 1 
 efforts of the British to obtain posses- 
 sion of it, 3 treaties regarding it, ib. 
 4 measures for improvement of, 
 31. 
 
 Industrial Association of Vienna, com- 
 mencement of liberal movement in the, 
 VIII. liv. 2. 
 
 Industrial capabilities, effects of machi- 
 nery on, IV. xxiv. 5. 
 
 Industrial exhibition in the Louvre, the, 
 1819, II. ix. 16. 
 
 Industrial interests, growth of the, in 
 England, IV. xxiii. 4. 
 
 Industrious classes, alienation of the, 
 from the Wellington ministry, IV. 
 xxiii. 3. 
 
 Industry, effects of the currency bill of 
 1819 on, I. i. 6, 37 progress of, in 
 Poland under Russia, II. viii. 9 how 
 stimulated by paper currency, III. xix. 
 1 revival of, in Great Britain in 1822, 
 3 progress of, Ireland, IV. xx. C 
 effects of the railway system on, xxii. 
 63 depression of, by the reform 
 passion, xxiii. 97 interests of, and 
 those of capital at variance, 131, 132 
 depressed state of, in France, 1831, 
 xxv. 35 improved condition of, in 
 France, 1S32, V. xxix. 81 stagnation 
 of, in England, 1832, xxxi. 10 pros- 
 perous state of, 1831, from the new 
 bank act, 112 revival of, in Greece 
 under Otho, xxxii. 37 chartism di- 
 rected to reorganisation of, VI. xxxvii. 
 64 injury to, in India, from connec- 
 tion with Great Britain, xxxix. 9, 22 
 obstacles to, in Algeria, VII. xlv. 7. 
 
 Industry, House of, Dublin, grant to the, 
 
 IV. xx. 5 note. 
 
 Infant labour, act regulating, in factories, 
 
 V. xxxi. 109 bill for regulating in 
 
 The L 
 
 France, VI. xxxiv. 77 Lord Ashley's 
 bills for regulating, 1843, VII. xli. 78 
 Sir James Graham's, 79 necessity 
 for regulating, in manufacturing and 
 mining districts, 81 . 
 
 Infant mortality, ratios of, in large towns 
 of Great Britain, V. xxix. 6 high 
 rate of, in great cities, VII. xliii. 157. 
 
 Iiifantado, the duke del, measures of, 
 against Murat, I. iii. 101 joins Ferdi- 
 nand VII., II. vii. 28 receives the 
 Portuguese princesses, 43 appointed 
 president of the Council of Castile, 92 
 exiled from Madrid, xi. 70 placed at 
 the head of the royal household, xii. 
 91 dismissal of, from office. 95. 
 
 Infanticide, prevalence of, in France, V. 
 xxix. 5 alleged encouragement to, by 
 the new poor-law, xxxi. 151. 
 
 Infernal machine, the explosion of the, 
 V. xxxiii. 30 its discovery, 31. 
 
 Influence, employment of, under Louis 
 Philippe in France, VII. xliv. 15. 
 
 Information, spread of, in Greece, III. 
 xiv. 3. 
 
 Ingilby, Sir W., motion by, on the malt 
 tax, V. xxxi. 59. 
 
 Inglis, Sir R., returned in opposition to 
 Peel at Oxford, IV. xxi. 129 argu- 
 ments of, against Catholic emancipa- 
 tion, 140 arguments of, against the 
 reform bill, xxiii. 47 arguments of, 
 against the Irish church bill, V. xxxi. 
 46 et seq.- opposition of, to the tithe 
 bill, 137. 
 
 Ings, one of the Cato Street conspirators, 
 II. x. 45 execution of, 48. 
 
 Inkerman, parallel between Grochow 
 and, IV. xxvi. 54 General Bosquet at, 
 
 VII. xlv. 18. 
 
 Innovation, extinction of passion for, in 
 
 France, III. xviii. 2. 
 Innspruck, flight of the emperor to, 
 
 VIII. liv. 22, 23 measures there, 25. 
 Inquisition, the, re-establishment of, in 
 
 Spain, II. vii. 34 proclamation by, 
 against the secret societies, 38 effects 
 of, in Spain, 50 again abolished in 
 Spain in 1820, 78. 
 
 Institutions, relations of, to national 
 character, I. i. 61. 
 
 Insurance companies, English, 1825, III. 
 xix. 66 note public companies for, in 
 France, VI. xxxiv. 7 note. 
 
 Insurrection, threatened, in England, 
 1817, I. iv. 10 sympathy in England 
 with, II. xii. 3 urban, how to be 
 combated, III. xvii. Ill preparations 
 of the political unions for, 1831, IV. 
 xxiii. 69 inauguration of pillar to, in 
 Paris, VI. xxxiv. 79 frequency of, in 
 China, VIII. xlviii. 15. 
 
 arijc Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 151 
 
 Insurrections, the repeated, against Louis 
 Philippe, VII. xliv. 1. 
 
 Insurrection act of 1817 for Ireland, the, 
 I. iv. 18 passing of it, 1823, and its 
 provisions, II. x. 123 renewal of it, 
 
 1 824, IV. xx. 21 its effects, 23. 
 Intellect, relations of the cultivation of, 
 
 to morality, I. i. 47 increasing influ- 
 ence of, in governments, II. x. 161. 
 
 Intelligence, unrepresented under the 
 reform bill, IV. xxiii. 151. 
 
 Intemperance, prevalence of, in Gallicia, 
 VII. xlvi. 18. 
 
 Interest, low rate of, in the opening of 
 
 1825, III. xix. 62, 63, IV. xxi. 14 and 
 1829, xxii. 16 rise of, during a mone- 
 tary crisis, to what due, VI. xxxv. 8 
 rise in, 1840, xxxvii. 41 low rate of, 
 1844 to 1846, VII. xlii. 1 and note- 
 rates of, during the crisis of 1847, xliii. 
 73 enormous rates of, 1847, 101 
 rates of, Oct. 1847 to Nov. 1848, 104 
 note high rate of, 1856, 146 varia- 
 tions in, under the bank charter act, 
 152. 
 
 Interest of debt, votes of Chambers on 
 reduction of, 1837, VI. xxxiv. 6. 
 
 Interests, representation as based on, I. 
 i. 64 separation of, caused by fall of 
 prices, and its effects, IV. xxii. 4 
 dauger to representative system from 
 diversity of, xxiii. 126. 
 
 Internal communication, obstacles to, in 
 Spain, II. vii. 10. 
 
 Internal navigation, public companies 
 for, in France, VI. xxxiv. 7 note. 
 
 Internal state, influence of the reform 
 bill on, IV. xxiii. 121. 
 
 Intervention, limits of the right of, II. 
 viii. 74 the Russian policy of, III. 
 xiii. 66, 67 as pursued by Peter the 
 Great, 68 true principles of, IV. xxi. 
 55. 
 
 Intimidation, employment of, during 
 strikes, III. xix. 55 means of pre- 
 venting it, VI. xxxvii. 61. 
 
 Intoxicating liquors, annual expenditure 
 by the working classes on, IV. xxiii. 
 164. 
 
 Inundations, destruction by, in France, 
 1841, VII. xliv. 52. 
 
 Invalides, Hotel des, at Paris, III. xviii. 
 82 capture of the, by the insurgents, 
 xvii. 82 reinterment of Napoleon in, 
 VI. xxxiv. 87 attempt of the mob on, 
 1848, VIII. 1. 7. 
 
 Inverness, Lord Brougham at, V. xxxi. 
 159. 
 
 Inverness-shire, election of 1835 for, VI. 
 xxxvi. 3. 
 
 Ionian Islands, treaty regarding the, I. 
 iii. 52. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Ipatska, crossing of the Pruth by the 
 Russians at, III. xv. 31. 
 
 Iphigenia in Tauris, Goethe's, V. xxviii. 
 10, 12. 
 
 Iphigenie, Gluck'a opera of, V. xxviii. 86. 
 
 Ipsara, maritime importance of, III. xiii. 
 43 prosperity of, xiv. 2 revolt of, 
 22 attack on, proposed by the Turks, 
 103 its means of defence, 105 its 
 capture and destruction, 106 et seq. - 
 effects of the fall of, 109 recaptured 
 but abandoned, ib. excluded from 
 Kingdom of Greece, xv. 142. 
 
 Ipsilanti, Alexander, career of, III. xiv. 
 16 note begins the insurrection in 
 Moldavia, II. viii. 88, III. xiv. 16 his 
 proclamation to the Greeks, ib. note 
 his first measures, 17 disowned by 
 the Russian government, 19 mea- 
 sures of the Turks against him, 20 
 official declaration of Russia against, 
 29 operations of, 30 successive dis- 
 asters of, 32 totally defeated and re- 
 tires into Austria, 33. 
 
 Ipsilanti, Demetrius, III. xiv. 37 be- 
 sieges Tripolitza, 39 failure of, before 
 Napoli di Romania, 45 operations of, 
 in the Morea, 71, 72 dissensions be- 
 tween, and Mavrocordato, 88 disper- 
 sion of corps of, 128. 
 
 Irati, establishment of Quesada at, II. 
 xi. 73. 
 
 Ireland, effects of the free-trade policy on 
 the agricultural population of, I. i. 10 
 emigration from, 1843 to 1852, ib. 
 note reduced produce of wheat in, 
 ib. -the rebellion of 1848 in, 20 pro- 
 portion of educated and uneducated 
 criminals in, 48 the debt, revenue, 
 &c. of, ii. 56 consolidation of its ex- 
 chequer with that of England, ib. 
 lightness of taxation in, 57 state of, 
 1817, and insurrection act, iv. 18 
 statistics of criminals in, 93 note 
 policy of the Romish church in, II. vii. 
 1 6 Ribbonismin,104 visit of George 
 IV. to, x. 110 Marquess Wellesley ap- 
 pointed lord-lieutenant of, and new 
 system of government there, 115 
 causes of its wretchedness, 116 what 
 would have relieved it, 117 effects of 
 the contraction of the currency on, 
 118 progress of agrarian disturbances 
 in, 1 1 9 government of Lord Wellesley 
 in, 120 examples made in the dis- 
 turbed districts, 121 famine in 1823 
 in the south and west, 122 suspension 
 of habeas corpus, and insurrection act, 
 123 newspapers published in, 1782, 
 1790, and 1821, 126 note the change 
 of system in, due to the resumption of 
 cash payments, 159 the union with, 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 152 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Ireland, continued. 
 Canning's speeches in favour of, xi. 3 
 note assessed taxes of, repealed, III. 
 xix. 10 agriculture and manufactures 
 in, 42 exports of grain to England 
 from, 1 838-53, 47 note gloomy aspect 
 of affairs in, 1825, 60 reduction of 
 duties on spirits in, and its effects, 72 
 crime in, 1822-30, ib. note tem- 
 perance league in, and its results, 75 
 O'Connell's account of the peasantry, 
 IV. xx. 1 statistics of condition of 
 poor, 2 effect of power of landlord, 3 
 large and redundant population, 4 
 large grants from England to, 5 
 increase of industry and production, 
 6 causes of the wretched situation of, 
 7 effects of the Roman Catholic re- 
 ligion, 8 splitting of farms for politi- 
 cal purposes, 9 effects of the potato, 
 10 want of poor laws, 11 absentee 
 proprietors, 12 Ribbonmen and secret 
 societies, 13 Orange lodges, 14 ir- 
 regularities in administration of justice, 
 15 intimidation of juries and wit- 
 nesses, 16- committals for crime, 
 1822-34, ib. note Catholic emancipa- 
 tion the remedy proposed by the 
 liberals, 17 its effects, 18 disturb- 
 ed state in 1823, 19, 20 renewal 
 of insurrection act, and composition 
 for tithes, 21 debates on Irish cor- 
 ruption and Catholic emancipation, 22 
 improvement in 1824, 23 Mr 
 North's picture of its state, 24 work- 
 ing of tithe composition bill, 25 rise 
 of Catholic Association, 26 its real 
 objects, 27 bill for its suppression, 
 33 the banking system of, xxi. 24 
 opposition in, to the repeal of small 
 notes, 25 emigration the remedy for 
 the evils of, 29 the elections of 1826 
 in, and interference of the priests in 
 them, 45 Peel on the relations of the 
 Catholic question to the state of, 75 
 rapid increase of disturbances in, 111 
 facilities given to the agitators by 
 the forty-shilling freeholders, 112 
 command of them obtained by the 
 Catholic Association, 113 election of 
 O'Connell for Clare, 114 results of 
 this, 115 Lawless's progress to the 
 north, 116 Mr Sheil's description of, 
 117 proceedings of the Association, 
 118 government puts down the meet- 
 ings, 119 Peel on the state of, in 
 connection with the Catholic question, 
 134 ft seq on the danger of rebellion 
 in, 139 mission of Mr Dawson, 123 
 his speech at Londonderry, 124 
 letter of the lord-lieutenant, and his 
 recall, 125 increased violence of the 
 
 The la 
 
 Catholics, 126 effects of agricultural 
 distress, and the power of the Catholic 
 clergy in bringing about emancipation, 
 159 difference between its predicted 
 and its real results, 160 spirit in 
 which it was received in, 163 effects 
 of reform in, 168 and of free trade, 
 169 effects of these changes on the 
 Catholics and population of, 170 its 
 population, 1805-51, ib. note Mr Att- 
 wood's speech on the causes of distress 
 in, xxii. 11 distress in, 1829, and 
 commencement of agitation for repeal 
 of the Union, 18 riots between Ca- 
 tholics and Protestants, 19 distracted 
 state of, and failure of emancipation to 
 pacify it, 58 the elections of 1830 in, 
 59 increased agitation and misery in, 
 1830, xxiii. 26 agitation for repeal of 
 the Union, and prosecution of O'Con- 
 nell, 27 proposed scheme of reform 
 for, 45 the reform bill carried by the 
 members for, 57 note majority re- 
 turned for, in favour of the reform 
 bill, 68 royal speech on the disturb- 
 ances in, 1831, 72 the reform bill for, 
 73 state of, 1831, 99 tithe outrages, 
 100 passing of the reform bill for, 
 116 effects of it, 117 county and 
 borough members of, under the reform 
 bill, 1 1 9 emigration from, 1849-53, 
 122 effects of the reform bill in, V. 
 xxxi. 1 beneficial effects of Rom- 
 ish influence in, after the reform bill, 
 8 distracted state of, 1832, and re- 
 sistance to tithes, 12 declaration of 
 government on the subject, and re- 
 commendation of the committee, 13 
 reflections on this, 14 the evidence 
 brought before the committee, 15, 16 
 government plan, and O'Connell's 
 opposition to it, 17 increased agita- 
 tion and violence, 18 murders and 
 burnings, 19 efforts of government, 
 20 increased agitation against tithes, 
 and falsehoods of their opponents, 21 
 small amount of them individually 
 due, 22 coercion bill for, 1833, 30 
 increase of crime in, ib. note debate 
 on the bill, and arguments for it, 31 
 et seq. and against it, 36 it is carried, 
 42 reflections on it, 43 its wisdom 
 and necessity shown by its results, 44 
 bill for reducing church establish- 
 ment, 45 arguments against it, 46 
 and for it, 48, 49 its progress, 51 
 new ministerial project regarding 
 tithes in, 52 true causes of the evil 
 of, ,53 emigration from. 1851 - 4, 
 ib. note effects of the measures of 
 1833 in, 110 commencement of 
 agitation for repeal of the Union, 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 153 
 
 114 attack on Baron Smith, 115 
 debate on motion for repeal, 116 el 
 seq. statistics connected with, be- 
 fore and since the Union, 124 note 
 increased agitation for repeal, 126 
 modified coercion bill for, 143 
 increased agitation and disorders in, 
 157 predial outrages, and riot at 
 Rathcormack, 158 the elections of 
 1835 in, VI. xxxv. 21 alleged falling 
 off in Protestantism in, 34 effect of 
 the administration of Peel in 1 835 with 
 regard to, 48 effects of the agitation 
 against the Lords in, xxxvi. 43 the 
 Catholic Association revived in, 44 
 report recommending poor-law, 45 
 history of the measure, and causes of 
 its long abeyance, 46 Mr Nicholl's 
 report on the subject, 47 poor-law 
 bill for, introduced, 59 statistics of 
 destitution in, 60 difference in its 
 statistics and those of Great Britain, 
 61 final establishment of poor laws 
 in, 62 Lord Normanby's administra- 
 tion in, 65 effects of agitation in, 
 xxxvii. 3 importations of wheat from, 
 1838-41, 38 from 1834 to 1844, ib. 
 note agricultural wages in, 1839, 45 
 paupers in, 1840, ib. murder of Lord 
 Norbury, and increase of crime, 
 xxxviii. 25 statistics of it, 1837, 
 1838, and 1839, 26 committals for it, 
 1825-40, ib. note alliance of govern- 
 ment with O'Connell, 27 wholesale 
 liberation of prisoners, 28 inadequacy 
 of the remedies applied, 29 it the 
 battle-field of parties, 30 new reform 
 bill for, 1841, and its fate, 41 the 
 election of 1841 for, 57 note liberal 
 majority returned by, 61 this due to 
 Catholic ascendancy in, 62 proposed 
 exemption of, from income tax, and 
 increase of duties on spirits, VII. xli. 
 46 the temperance movement in, 65 
 its progress and decline, 66 crime 
 in, 1839-49, ib. note commencement 
 of the repeal agitation in, 67 monster 
 meetings, 68 their character, and 
 language used, 69 measures of gov- 
 ernment, and arms bill, 70 suppres- 
 sion of the Clontarf meeting, and trial 
 of O'Connell, 71, 72 sensation on his 
 conviction, 73 destruction of O'Con- 
 nell's influence in, 75 banking act of 
 1845 for, 115 miles of railway com- 
 pleted in, to 1850, xlii. 5 note dimi- 
 nution of crime in, during railway 
 mania, 8 note effects of railway sys- 
 tem on emigration from, 9 increase 
 of agrarian crime in, 1845, 21 grants 
 to secular colleges in, 22 extensive 
 culture of the potato in, and first ap- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 pearance of the disease, 38 the potato 
 failure in, 1845, 40 the Protectionists 
 on the danger of famine in, 60, 64 
 increased agrarian outrages in, 70 
 life preservation bill for, 69 antici- 
 pated effects of free trade in, 91 ex- 
 ports of grain from, 1845-49, ib. note 
 troops required for, 1846, xliii. 27 
 
 arms bill for, 29 measures for 
 relief of the suffering in, 30 com- 
 mencement of the famine, 31 deplor- 
 able state of the country, 32 govern- 
 ment plans, 33 extent of the distress, 
 34 woeful scenes which occurred, 35 
 the queen's speech on it, 36 min- 
 isterial plans of relief, 37, 39 Lord 
 Brougham's picture of the country, 
 38 amended poor and temporary re- 
 lief act, 40 relief afforded under it, 
 41 ratio of indigent, relieved, 42 
 great mortality, 43 immense pecu- 
 niary efforts in Great Britain, 44 vast 
 extent of emigration, 45 that to 
 foreign parts, 46 effects of this exo- 
 dus on the population, 47 free-trade 
 mainly the cause of it, 48 small 
 amount of voluntary relief, 49 reflec- 
 tions on the famine, 50 importation 
 of wheat from, 1845-56, 48 note 
 Lord George Bentinck's views on, 53 
 his railway scheme for it, and argu- 
 ments for it, 54 answer of govern- 
 ment and Sir R, Peel, 59, 60 et seq. 
 division on the subject, and reflections 
 on it, 63 the advances to, 1847, 70 
 relative amount of poor-rate in, ib. 
 
 new coercion bill for, 97 the 
 queen's speech on, 1847, 105 miles 
 of railway in, 122 note pauperism, 
 and expenditure on it, 1847 - 8, 124 
 and note committals for crime in, 
 1844-9, 125 note preparations for a 
 rebellion in, 138 its defeat, 139 
 effects of the monetary crisis on, 141 
 commissioners' report on emigra- 
 tion from, 159 and note statistics of 
 crops in, since free trade, 160 note 
 paupers relieved in, 1848-56, 162 note 
 
 Lamartine's answer to revolutionary 
 deputation from, VIII. 1. 38 probable 
 results of universal suffrage in, li. 36 
 pauperism in, 1848, &c, lvi. 4 and note 
 effects of free trade on agriculture of, 
 21 diminution in population of, 1851 , 
 34 renewed predial outrages in, 1849, 
 52 bill for sale of encumbered es- 
 tates, 53 working of it, 54, 55 bill 
 lowering the franchise in, 62 effects 
 of the gold discoveries on, 74. 
 
 Irish, probable effects of the increasing 
 numbers of, in America, I. i. 63 
 characteristics of the, IV. xx. 7 des- 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 154 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Irish, continued. 
 titution among the, in Scotland, VII. 
 xlii. 28 effects of the vast influx into 
 Great Britain of, xliii. 119. 
 
 Irish Association, agitation by the, 1832, 
 V. xxxi. 18. 
 
 Irish charities, imperial grants to, IV. 
 xx. 5 note. 
 
 Irish church, discussion on the, 1824, 
 IV. xx. 25 the attacks of the Roman 
 Catholics on, and their effect, V. xxxi. 
 8 revenues of, 45 divided state of 
 the ministry on, 128 Mr Ward's mo- 
 tion on it, ib. resignation of Stanley, 
 &c. on the question, 129 declaration 
 of the king on it, 131 commission of 
 inquiry appointed, 132 discussion in 
 House of Lords on, 134 fate of bill, 
 144 alleged wealth and inefficiency 
 of, VI. xxxv. 33 merits of Lord John 
 Russell's motion on, 51 bill for re- 
 form of, xxxvi. 19 details of its re- 
 venues, &c.,ib. note bill again passed 
 by the Commons and thrown out by 
 the Lords, 40 bill is passed without 
 the appropriation clause, 67. 
 
 Irish church commission, the, V. xxxi. 
 133 views of parties on the, 135. 
 
 Irish church establishment, bill for re- 
 duction of the, V. xxxi. 45 argu- 
 ments against it, 46 et seq. O'Con- 
 nell's speech on it, 48 arguments for 
 it, 49 its progress through both 
 Houses, 51. 
 
 Irish church question, attack on Peel's 
 ministry by the Whigs on the, VI. 
 xxxv. 31 Lord John Russell's motion 
 on the, 32 arguments for motion, 33 
 and against it, ib. division on it, 43. 
 
 Irish clergy, state of the, from non-pay- 
 ment of tithes, V. xxxi. 15. 
 
 Irish coercion bill, division in the cabi- 
 net on its renewal, V. xxxi. 138 mo- 
 dified one, 143. See Coercion bill. 
 
 Irish constabulary, transference of main- 
 tenance of, to government, VII. xlii. 50. 
 
 Irish corporations, the state of the, VI. 
 xxxvi. 31 government plan, and 
 abuses complained of, 32 debate on 
 the bill, 33 et seq. arguments against 
 it, 34 bill carried in Commons, 38 
 altered in Lords and finally rejected, 
 39. 
 
 Irish corporations bill, the, again brought 
 forward, 11137, VI. xxxvi. 5)!. 
 
 Irish corporation commissioners, the 
 report of the, VI. xxxvi. 32. 
 
 Irish emigrants, number of, 1837, VI. 
 xxxvi. 59 remittances from, 1348-54, 
 V 1 1, xliii. 49 and note. 
 
 Irish famine, the, effect of, in inducing 
 the monetary crisis of 1847, VII. xliii. 
 
 The I 
 
 72 relations of, to the monetary 
 crisis, 143. 
 
 Irish Felon newspaper, the, VII. xliii. 138. 
 
 Irish five per cents, the reduction of the, 
 II. x. 146. 
 
 Irish hearth tax, abolishment of the, II. 
 x. 144. 
 
 Irish manufactures, joint - stock com- 
 panies for, 1825, III. xix. 66 note. 
 
 Irish Melodies, remarks on the, I. v. 14. 
 
 Irish members, the, difficulties of the 
 Grey ministry from, V. xxxi. 113 
 predominance of, in the Commons, 
 VI. xxxv. 48 conduct of, on the 
 corn-law question, VII. xlii. 91. 
 
 Irish municipal bill, settlement of, 1838, 
 
 VI. xxxvi. 68 et seq. 
 
 Irish party, Sir Robert Peel on the, VII. 
 xlii. 83 note. 
 
 Irish peasantry, the, account of, by 
 O'Connell, IV. xx. 1 estrangement 
 of, from their landlords, 12 their 
 association in secret societies, 13 Mr 
 North's picture of, 24 their improvi- 
 dence, &c, xxi. 164. 
 
 Irish police, the, supported by Great 
 Britain, IV. xx. 5. 
 
 Irish poor, wretched condition of the, 
 IV. xx. 2 Mr Nicholl's report on the 
 state of the, VI. xxxvi. 47. 
 
 Irish poor-law bill, passing of the, VI. 
 xxxvi. 59 et seq. 
 
 Irish prelates, the address of the, to the 
 king, and his answer, V. xxxi. 132. 
 
 Irish priesthood, effects of education at 
 Maynooth on, VII. xlii. 25. 
 
 Irish spirits, increase of duties on, 1830, 
 IV. xxii. 34. 
 
 Irish tithe bill, progress of the, V. xxxi. 
 136 opposition of all parties to it, 
 137. 
 
 Irish volunteers, association of, IV. xxii. 
 59 new association of, 1833, V. xxxi. 
 32. 
 
 Iron, reduction in price of, on the peace, 
 I. ii. 8 increased manufacture of, in 
 Great Britain, v. 5 fall in, 1818-22, II. 
 x. 23 note, 136 prices of, in England, 
 1S22-5, III. xix. 7 note prices of, 
 1824-5, 64 note reduction of duties 
 on, 1825, 76 prices of, 1.X27-29, IV. 
 xxii. 16 note and 1824-32, xxiii. 130 
 note public companies for works in 
 France, VI. xxxiv. 7 note fall in 
 price of, 1782-1837, xxxvii. 46 note 
 rise in price during the railway mania, 
 
 VII. xlii. 8 prices of, 1845-51, xliii. 
 1 15 note. 
 
 Iron Gate of the Caucasus, the. II I. xiii.61. 
 
 Iron Gates, pass of the, in the Atlas, 
 
 passed by the French, VI. xxxiv. 58. 
 
 Tron miners, strikes among the, VI. 
 
 unje Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 15o 
 
 xxxvii. 57 institution of the Darg 
 among, 60 low wages of, in England, 
 
 1841, VII. xli. 16 riots of, in England, 
 
 1842, 20 strike of, in Lanarkshire, 
 1842, and their violence, 21 rise in 
 wage3 of, during railway mania, xlii. 8. 
 
 Irrawaddy, the, the valley of, &c., VI. 
 xxxix. 56 command of, obtained by 
 the British, VIII. xlix. 118. 
 
 Irreligion, prevalence of, in the French 
 towns, III. xvii. 121. 
 
 Irrigation, great importance of works of, 
 in India, VI. xxxix. 10 great means 
 of it furnished by nature, 11 canals 
 of, in China, VIII. xlviii. 8. 
 
 Isabella of Spain, birth of, IV. xxiv. .90 
 proposed marriage of the Due d'Au- 
 inale to, VII. xlvi. 38 marriage of, 
 to the Duke de Cadiz, 46 alienation 
 of, from her husband, 60. 
 
 Isaktchi, capture of, by the Russians, 
 III. xv. 36. 
 
 Isaszeg, battle of, VIII. Iv. 26. 
 
 Islands of the Archipelago, maritime 
 importance of the, III. xiii. 43. 
 
 Isly, forces at battle of, VII. xlv. 39 
 French dispositions, 40 battle of, 41 
 et seq. 
 
 Issue department of the Bank, the, as 
 arranged by act of 1844, VII. xli. 109. 
 
 Istaliff, expedition to, VIII. xlviii. 99. 
 
 Isturitz, M., a member of the Spanish 
 committee in France, IV. xxiv. 66 
 note from English ambassador to, on 
 the Spanish marriages, VII. xlvi. 47. 
 
 Italian drama, character of, V. xxviii. 72. 
 
 Italian literature, Ginguene's history of, 
 III. xviii. 57. 
 
 Italian republic, efforts of the liberals 
 for a, VII. xlvi. 68. 
 
 Italian Republics, Sismondi's Annals of 
 the, III. xviii. 27. 
 
 Italian revolution, its influence on Ger- 
 many, V. xxxvii. 21, 89. 
 
 Italy, violence of the revolution of 1848 
 in, I. i. 18 commencement of the 
 revolutionary movements in, II. vii. 
 101 origin and secret history of 
 secret societies in, 104, 105 the re- 
 volution in Naples, 106 et seq. and in 
 Piedmont, 118 et seq. character of the 
 revolution of 1820, 122 causes of its 
 fuilure, 123 suppression of the re- 
 volutionary movements in, viii. 77 
 reaction in, and harsh measures of the 
 royalists, 85 character of the revolu- 
 tions of 1820 in, x. 163 Carbonarism 
 introduced from, into France, xi. 17 
 effect produced in Spain by the crush- 
 ing of the revolution, 30 treaties at 
 the Congress of Verona regarding, xii. 
 15 effect of the French revolution in, 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 IV. xxiv. 87 perilous state of, 1830, 
 xxv. 25 insurrections in Bologna, &c, 
 26 intervention of Austria in, 27 
 suppression of the insurrection, 28 
 the early prose writers of, V. xxviii. 
 41 situation of affairs in, 1832, xxix. 
 26 intervention of the Austrians in 
 Romagua, &c, 27 their entry into 
 Bologna, 28 occupation of Ancona by 
 the French, 29 sensation caused by 
 this, 30 efforts of the French pro- 
 pagandists and Polish refugees in, xxx. 
 24 amnesty proclaimed by the Aus- 
 trians in, VI. xxxiv. 21 exports to, 
 1846-9, VII. xliii. 1 1 8 note affairs of 
 death of the Pope, xlvi. 61 election 
 and character of Pius IX. 62, 64 
 state of Italian opinion, 63 general 
 amnesty, and transports on it, 65 
 first acts of the Pope, 66 difficulties 
 which beset his government, 67 these 
 increased by concourse of liberals at 
 Rome, 68 adoption of the same policy 
 in Tuscany, 69 movements in Sar- 
 dinia, &c, 70 papal declaration 
 against liberalism, 71 revolutionary 
 movement in Rome, 72 measures of 
 Austrian and French cabinets, 73, 74 
 effects in Piedmont, 75 views of 
 Metternich, 76 Guizot's policy, 77 
 policy of the English government, 78 
 the mission of Lord Minto to, and his 
 instructions, ib. and note reforms in- 
 troduced into Piedmont, 79 revolu- 
 tion at Lucca, and its annexation to 
 Tuscany, 80 excitement on Lord 
 Minto's arrival at Rome, 81 riot 
 there, 83 revolt in Sicily, 84 pub- 
 lication of constitution at Naples, 85 
 sensation caused by this, 86 con- 
 vulsions in Sicily, 87 credulity of 
 Palmerston to the liberal agents, 88 
 Lamartine on the state of, 1848, xlvii. 
 32 state of, in beginning of 1848, 
 VIII. Hi. 1 proximate causes of the 
 revolution, 2 effects of that in France, 
 3 forces of Austria, 4 feeling in 
 Lombardy, 8 insurrection there, and 
 retreat of the Austrians, 9 spread of 
 the insurrection, 12 forces, &c, of 
 Charles Albert, 13 revolution in 
 Sicily, 15 et seq. affairs of Naples 
 and Sicily, 18 et seq. change of mini- 
 stry in Rome, 23 Pope declares war 
 against Austria, 24 the war between 
 Sardinia and Austria, 25 et seq. in- 
 creased excitement after the fall of 
 Milan, 77 events at Florence, &c, 78 
 new ministry at Rome, 79 revolu- 
 tion there, and flight of the Pope, 81 
 designs of the revolutionists after 
 Rossi's death, 82 republic proclaimed 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 156 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Italy, continued. 
 in Rome, 83 renewal of war between 
 Austria and Piedmont, 84 et seq. 
 abdication of Charles Albert, 96" 
 counter revolution in Tuscany, 104 
 affairs of Naples, 106 et seq. general 
 confluence of the insurgents at Rome, 
 110 intervention of the French there, 
 and its fall, 111 et seq. siege and 
 capture of Venice, 118 et seq. re- 
 storation of Grand-duke of Tuscany, 
 and peace between Sardinia and Aus- 
 tria, 120 repeated interventions of 
 France and England in, 122 conduct 
 of the military commanders, 123 to 
 what her defeat was owing, 124 her 
 
 divisions, 125 want of military organ- 
 isation in southern, 126 unfit for 
 freedom, 127. 
 
 Italians, numbers of, in Austrian empire, 
 VIII. liii. 3 note. 
 
 Itineraire de Paris h, Jerusalem, Cha- 
 teaubriand's, II. xi. 6 note, III. xviii. 
 8. 
 
 Itztein, M., vice-president of the Vor 
 Parliament, VIII. liii. 32. 
 
 Ivan III., extent of Russia under, II. 
 viii. 54 note. 
 
 Ivan IV., deliverance of Russia from the 
 Tartars by, and his own tyranny, II. 
 viii. 38 extent of Russia under, 54 
 note. 
 
 Jabat, Don Juan, minister of marine in 
 1820, II. vii. 75. 
 
 Jablonowsky, general, at Waitzen, VIII. 
 lv. 30. 
 
 Jaca, repulse of the royalists at, II. xi. 
 74. 
 
 Jackson, general, character of, and his 
 measures against the banks, VI. 
 xxxvii. 14 vetos the renewal of the 
 bank charter, 17 withdraws the pub- 
 lic deposits from it, 18 his answer 
 to the New York petition, 21 in- 
 creased hostility against the banks, 
 22 account of the operations of the 
 western banks by, 24 treasury order 
 regarding cash payments for lands, 
 25 retires from office, 28. 
 
 Jackson, Mr, Irish solicitor- general, 
 1835, VI. xxxv. 16 note and 1S41, 
 VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Jacob, Mr, his report on the corn laws, 
 IV. xxi. 33, 34. 
 
 Jacobi, philosophical system and works 
 of, V. xxviii. 66. 
 
 Jacobins, Proudhon on the, VIII. li. 3. 
 
 Jacobs, major, successes of, against 
 Sheer Mahommed, VIII. xlix. 28. 
 
 Jacqueminot, general, commander of 
 the National Guard of Paris, VII. 
 xlvii. 52 proposals of, regarding the 
 reform procession, 46 displaced, 
 59. 
 
 Jaen, defeat of Riego at, II. xii. 87. 
 
 Jaffa, position of, A', xxxii. <>''> evacua- 
 tion of, by the Egyptians, 73. 
 
 Jail delivery, Lord Normauby's, VI. 
 xxxvi. 65. 
 
 Jaimes, a royalist leader in Murcia, II. 
 xi. 58. 
 
 Jakoubovitch, a Russian conspirator, 
 
 The La 
 
 II. viii. 122, 126 attempt on the 
 emperor by, 129 his firmness and 
 daring, 130. 
 
 Jamaica, slave insurrection in, 1831, V. 
 xxxi. 87, 88 protest by parliament of, 
 against the Orders in Council, 89 
 grant to meet the losses by the insur- 
 rection, ib. increased production of 
 sugar, and decline of population in, 
 95 average produce of, before and 
 after emancipation, 104 note ad- 
 dress of House of Assembly, 1835, 
 VI. xxxvi. 26 the Assembly abolish 
 the apprenticeship system, xxxvii. 
 121 how received by the negroes in, 
 122 refractoriness of, and its disso- 
 lution, 124 the bishop of, on the 
 abolition of the apprenticeship sys- 
 tem, 122 bill suspending the consti- 
 tution of, 127 arguments for it, 128 
 et seq. and against it, 130 et seq. 
 small majority for it, 132 second 
 bill, 137. 
 
 James I., Ireland during the reign of, 
 V. xxxi. 117 the Irish corporations 
 founded by, VI. xxxvi. 31. 
 
 James, G. P. R., the novels of, I. v. 
 70. 
 
 Janina, population of, III. xiii. 32 note 
 Ali l'aeha's fortress at, 78 and note 
 -pacha of, xv. Ill operations of 
 Chourchid Pacha against, and its fall, 
 xiv. 44. 
 
 Janizaries, the, organisation, &c. of, 
 
 III. xiii. 44 state of, in 1821, xiv. 
 14 measures of Sultan Mahmoud 
 against, 25 revolution at Constanti- 
 nople in favour of, S4 measures 
 resolved on by the Turkish govern- 
 ment against, xv. 7 new statute 
 
 iv/c Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 157 
 
 regarding them, 8 their insurrection, 
 9 their defeat and destruction, 10 
 et seq. general massacre of them, 
 12 effect of their destruction, V. 
 xxxii. 51. 
 
 Jankowski, attempt of, in Lithuania, 
 IV. xxvi. 71 murder of, 86. 
 
 Janson, M., on the peculations in the 
 naval department, VII. xlvii. 10. 
 
 Jardin Turc, explosion of the infernal 
 machine at the, V. xxxiii. 30. 
 
 Jardins, Delille's poem called, III. 
 xviii. 64. 
 
 Jarnac, count de, French ambassador 
 at London, VII. xlvi. 44. 
 
 Jassy, terms of treaty of, regarding the 
 Principalities, III. xiii. 75 note com- 
 mencement of the insurrection of 
 Moldavia at, xiv. 1 6 massacres of the 
 Christians in, 81 occupied by the 
 Russians, xv. 31. 
 
 Jaucourt, M., minister of marine in 1815, 
 I. iii. 9 retires with Talleyrand, 42. 
 
 Jauregui, general, dismissed from gover- 
 ship of Cadiz, II. xi. 44 but retains 
 it, ib. 45. 
 
 Java, reduction of duties on sugar from, 
 VII. xli. 106. 
 
 Jeanne, trial, &c. of, V. xxix. 78 note. 
 
 Jedburgh, reform riots at, IV. xxiii. 67. 
 
 Jefferson, intimacy of Huskisson with, 
 III. xix. 19 note. 
 
 Jeffrey, lord, on the works of Sir Wal- 
 ter Scott, I. v. 8 the works of, 44 
 lord advocate in 1830, IV. xxiii. 6 
 note arguments of, in favour of the 
 reform bill, 33 and the Edinburgh 
 riots, 1831, 67 on emigration, &c, 
 VI. xxxviii. 29 supports right of 
 able-bodied poor to relief, VII. xlii. 
 29 note. 
 
 Jellachich, count, VIII. Iii. 43 Ban of 
 Croatia, liv. 21 measures of, against 
 the Hungarians, 27 disavowed by 
 the government, but continues his 
 preparations, 28 restoration of, 32 
 crosses the Drave, ib. 42 conference 
 with Bathiany, 33 his character, 39 
 last negotiations of, 43 move- 
 ments assigned to, 44 first defeats, 
 47 nominated commander-in-chief 
 in Hungary, 50 defeated, 51 move- 
 ments of, against the insurrection in 
 Vienna, 60 his approach, 61 at- 
 tempts to gain him, 62 during the 
 assault of the city, 67 at the abdica- 
 tion of the emperor, 76 defeat of 
 Georgey by, lv. 6 at Tapio-Biscke, 25 
 operations assigned to, 41 losses 
 of, 45 forces under, 50. 
 
 Jellalabad, force left to garrison, VI. 
 xl. 78 forces under Sale at, 100 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 arrival of the survivor of the Cabul 
 retreat at, 134 conduct of Sale 
 at, 135 efforts of Sale, &c. at, VIII. 
 xlviii. 57 earthquake at, 58 re- 
 newed efforts of garrison, 59 con- 
 tinued blockade, 60 arrival of Pol- 
 lock at, 63 its previous heroic de- 
 fence, 64 defeat of the Affghans 
 before, 65 Elleuborough's proclama- 
 tion to the garrison, 66 advance of 
 Pollock from, 87 destruction of for- 
 tifications of, 107. 
 
 Jenibazar, combat near, III. xv. 45 
 Wittgenstein retires to, 56 cavalry 
 combat at, 123. 
 
 Jersey, lord, lord chamberlain, VI. xxxv. 
 16 note. 
 
 Jerusalem, pachalic of, conferred on 
 Mehemet Ali, V. xxxii. 28 submis- 
 sion of, to the sultan, 73. 
 
 Jervis, Sir J., attorney-general, 1846, 
 VII. xliii. 4 note. 
 
 Jesbelloni, prince, forces under, VIII. 
 lv. 5. 
 
 Jesuits, the, re-establishment of, in 
 Spain, II. vii. 42 decree abolishing, 
 in Spain in 1820, 78 decree of the 
 Cortes of 1820 regarding, 85 expul- 
 sion of, from Russia, viii. 67 -in- 
 trigues of, at the Congress of Verona, 
 xii. 14 increasing influence of, with 
 Charles X., and their efforts in France, 
 III. xvi. 9 strength of their party 
 in the legislature and ministry, 10 
 denunciations of, by the press, 37 
 continued efforts of, for supremacy, 
 53 denunciation of them, 55 their 
 answer, 56 re-establishment of the 
 censorship by, 57 urge the disband- 
 ing of the National Guard, 63 de- 
 feated in the Paris elections, 1817, 
 71 dissensions between, and the 
 ministry, 72 law against, 81 
 their indignation, 82 dangerous in- 
 fluence of, on the government of 
 Charles X., xvii. 112 hatred of, in 
 France, 121 the second French re- 
 volution directed against them, IV. 
 xxiv. 1 jealousy of them, in France, 
 VII. xliv. 13 encroachments of, on 
 the University in France, xlvi. 5 
 argument of Thiers against them, 6 
 answer of government, 8 decision of 
 the Chamber, 9 ordonnance against 
 them, 10 invitation from Lucerne 
 to, 92, 93 decree for expelling them 
 from Switzerland, 95. 
 
 Jews, the, persistent character of, I. i. 
 60 absorption of the capital of 
 Poland by, II. viii. 9 discovery of a 
 paper currency by, x. 7 in Turkey, 
 III. xiii. 7 number of, in European 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Jews, the, continued. 
 
 Turkey, 17 note and in Constanti- 
 nople, 42 note atrocities of, in 
 Greece, xiv. 69 first subjected to 
 the conscription in Russia, xv. 27 
 number of, in Algiers, xvii. 48 note 
 in Russian Poland, IV. xxvi. 24 
 provision in tbe Germanic constitu- 
 tion regarding, V. xxvii. 4 emanci- 
 pation of, demanded by the estates of 
 Prussia, 74 Herder's essay on their 
 poetry, xxviii. 47 injurious influence 
 of, in Poland, VII. xlvi. 18 persecu- 
 tion of, in France, 1848, VIII. 1. 41 
 numbers of, in Austrian empire, 
 liii. 3 note, 5 note. 
 
 Jeypoor, political arrangements witb, 
 1834, VI. xl. 13. 
 
 Jezierski, count, negotiations of, with 
 Nicholas, IV. xxvi. 27. 
 
 Jhelum river, the, VIII. xlix. 52. 
 
 Joan of Arc, Schiller's, V. xxviii. 19, 20. 
 
 John, the archduke, VIII. lii. 36 at 
 the General Diet, liii. 33 elected re- 
 gent, 44 his. installation, 46 circular 
 letter of, on Prussia, 60 and note 
 ministry appointed by, 46, 64 further 
 proceedings, 64 resigns the regency, 
 74 withdraws his resignation, 79 
 collision with the Assembly, ib. 
 deposed by it, 80 finally resigns, 89. 
 
 John Hunniades, the struggle of, against 
 the Turks, IV. xxvi. 4. 
 
 Johnson, the essays of, I. v. 42 on 
 primogeniture, ill. xvi. 51. 
 
 Johnson, captain, attack on, at Cabul, 
 
 VI. xl. 103 at Cabul, 106 supplies 
 procured by, 108 continued supplies 
 procured by, 116 surrender of, 134 
 measures of, for liberating the cap- 
 tives, VIII. xlviii. 102. 
 
 Johnston, trial and sentence of, for sedi- 
 tion, II. x. 29. 
 
 Joinville, the prince de, his horse wound- 
 ed by the infernal machine, V. xxxiii. 
 30- at St Juan d'Ulloa, VI. xxxiv. 27 
 at the reinterment of Napoleon, 87 
 operations under, against the Menus, 
 
 VII. xlv. 37 bombardment of Tan- 
 gier's and Mogadore, 38 on the treaty 
 with Marocco, 43 his letter to the. 
 Due de Nemours, 1847, xlvii. 2, 3. 
 
 Joint-stock banks, proposed establish- 
 ment of, IV. xxi. 15 Peel on the 
 effects of the, VII. xli. 28. 
 
 Joint-stock companies, first benefits from 
 the, 1825, III. xix. G2 high prices of 
 shares in, 1824, 64 of 1825, classifica- 
 tion of the, 66 and note increase of, 
 in Fiance, 1837, VI. xxxix. 7 mania 
 for, 1834, &c., xxxv. 14 facilities, &c. 
 for frauds in, VII. xlii. 6. 
 
 The L 
 
 Jomini, general, at Aix-la-Chapelle, I. vi. 
 61 the writings of, III. xviii. 45. 
 
 Jones, Sir Harford, treaty negotiated 
 with Persia by, VI. xl. 27 on the 
 weakness of Persia against Russia, 
 28. 
 
 Jones, one of the leaders of the Newport 
 Chartists, VI. xxxvii. 68 his trial and 
 sentence, 69. 
 
 Jones, Ernest, Chartist leader on the 
 10th April, VII. xliii. 133 trial and 
 sentence of, 137. 
 
 Joolgah, check of the British at, VI. xl. 
 90. 
 
 Jordan, M., vice-president of the Vor 
 parliament, VIII. liii. 32. 
 
 Jordan, Mrs, the mistress of William IV. 
 IV. xxii. 52. 
 
 Jordan, valley of the, V. xxxii. 6. 
 
 Joubert, M., minister of public works 
 under Thiers, VI. xxxiv. 73 note. 
 
 Jouffroy, M., exposition by, of the gov- 
 ernment system in the East, VI. 
 xxxiv. 55 et seq. 
 
 Jourdan, marshal, made a peer, I. vi. 96 
 made a chevalier of the Cordon Bleu, 
 III. xvi. 36. 
 
 Jourdan, Camille, see Camille - Jour- 
 dan. 
 
 Journals, censorship continued to the, 
 in France, I. iii. 17 suppressions of, 
 in Germany, V. xxvii. 23- prosecu- 
 tions of, under Louis Philippe, xxix. 
 79 new law regarding, in France, 
 xxxiii. 43 and periodicals, public 
 companies for, in France, VI. xxxiv. 
 7 note measures of Cavaignac against 
 the, VIII. 1. 98. 
 
 Journal of Agriculture, the, on raising 
 the potato from seed, VII. xlii. 37 
 note. 
 
 Journal de Commerce, the, prosecution 
 of, III. xvii. 33 suppression of, V. 
 xxix. 67. 
 
 Journal des Debats, the, denunciations 
 of the ultramontane party by, III. xvi. 
 11 attacks of, on the Polignac min- 
 istry, xvii. 6 on the Lyons insurrec- 
 tion, V. xxix. 17 on the arrest of 
 Chateaubriand, 77 tone of the, 1839, 
 VI. xxxiv. 40 opposed to Thiers, 
 1840, 76 violence of, on the Eastern 
 question, 94 on the proposed ban- 
 quet, V 1 1, xlvii. 42. 
 
 Journal du Peuple, prosecution of editor 
 of, VII. xliv. 67 violence, &c. of the, 
 VIII. li. 3. 
 
 Journalists, influence of the, in France, 
 III. xvii. 18 their attacks on the 
 Polignac ministry, 19. 
 
 Jubilee, general, in Franco, III. xvi. 53. 
 
 Judges, proposal regarding the inferior, 
 
 arge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 150 
 
 in France, I. iii. 69 venality of, in 
 Turkey, III. xiii. 24 decision of the, 
 on O'Connell's case, VII. xli. 73 pro- 
 visions of French constitution of 1848 
 regarding, VIII. li. 17 principles of 
 Prussian constitution of 1848 regard- 
 ing, liii. 62. 
 
 Judgment, Kant's treatise on, V. xxviii. 
 63. 
 
 Judicial establishment, the, of India, 
 VI. xxxix. 29. 
 
 Jugdulluck, arrival of the fugitives from 
 Cabul at,VI. xl. 1 33 victory of Pollock 
 at,VIII.xlviii.88 the pass beyond, 89. 
 
 Jukasinsky, a Pole, transported to Si- 
 beria, II. viii. 90. 
 
 Julienne, the princess, of Saxe-Coburg, 
 II. viii. 113. 
 
 Jumilhac, the countess de, I. iii. 44. 
 
 Jumna Canal, the, VIII. xlix. 113 
 note. 
 
 Junge Deutschland, society of, de- 
 nounced by the Diet, V. xxvii. 54. 
 
 Junius, the Letters of, the authorship of, 
 
 I. iv. 51. 
 
 Junta, formation of a joint, at Lisbon, 
 
 II. vii. 97 proceedings of the revo- 
 lutionary, in Palermo, 112. 
 
 Juramentados, measures of the govern- 
 ment of 1820 toward the, II. vii. 
 76. 
 
 Juries, danger of, in times of excite- 
 ment, and iniquities perpetrated by 
 them, I. iii. 138 offences of the press 
 declared punishable by, in France, II. 
 ix. 10 proposed withdrawal of of- 
 fences of the press from, xi. 14, 15 
 unanimity of, impossible in Ireland, 
 
 IV. xx. 15 intimidation of, in Ire- 
 . land, 16 unanimity of, evils from 
 
 law requiring, in Ireland, 20, xxi. Ill, 
 122 intimidation, &c. of, in Ireland, 
 
 V. xxxi. 33 modification of the law 
 regarding, in France, xxxiii. 43. 
 
 Jury trial, introduction of, in civil cases, 
 into Scotland, I. iv. 19 its failure, 20 
 
 demanded by the Polish Diet, II. 
 viii. 69 failure of, in Ireland, IV. xx. 
 15 change in law of, in France, 
 1848, VIII. li. 4 proposed establish- 
 ment of, in Austria, liv. 17. 
 
 JussufF Pacha, operations of, before Pa- 
 tras, III. xiv. 2 victory of, at Galatz, 
 31 operations against Ipsilanti, 32 
 successes of, in the Morea, 36 
 defeats the Greeks at Patras, 45 
 forces under, at Corinth, 72 defeat 
 of, in an attempt to relieve Napoli, 76 
 defence of Varna intrusted to, xv. 42 
 surrender of Varna by, 61, 62 
 proof of his treachery, 62. 
 
 Juste Milieu, the, in France, V. xxx. 
 58. 
 
 Justice, imperfect administration of, in 
 Russia, II. viii. 35 its venality there, 
 49 measures for improving the ad- 
 ministration in France in 1819, ix. 7 
 venality and corruption of, in Turkey, 
 III. xiii. 24 measures for reforming 
 administration there, xv. 1 4 measures 
 for reform of, in Russia, 20 irregular 
 and uncertain administration of, in 
 Ireland, IV. xx. 15- advantage which 
 would have accrued to Ireland from 
 right administration of, 17 in Ire- 
 land, debate on administration of, 22 
 administration of, in Chancery, 
 measures for, 32 interference of the 
 Catholic Association with the adminis- 
 tration of, 33, 35 change in adminis- 
 tration of, in West Indies, V. xxxi. 94 
 administration of, under Otho in 
 Greece, xxxii. 38 reforms on adminis- 
 tration of, in Turkey, 52 administra- 
 tion of, under municipal reform bill, 
 VI. xxxvi. 7 administration of, in 
 India, xxxix. 29. 
 
 Justinian, deficient and deteriorated cur- 
 rency under, II. x. 6. 
 
 Jutland, invasion of, by the Prussians, 
 VIII. liii. 39 invasion of, by Prussia, 
 95. 
 
 K 
 
 Kabyles, hospitality of the, in Algeria, 
 V. xxx. 30 character, &c. of the, VII. 
 xlv. 5 operations against the, and 
 their subjugation, 44 their complete 
 submission, 46. 
 
 Kadi-laskar, the, in Turkey, III. xiii. 
 24. 
 
 Kaffir war, the, III. xiii. 65. See Caffres. 
 
 Kahun, siege of, by the insurgent Aff- 
 ghans, VI. xl. 86. 
 
 Kainardji, terms of treaty of, regarding 
 the Principalities, III. xiii. 75 note 
 treaty of, confirmed by that of Adrian- 
 ople, xv. 137. 
 
 Kainly, battle of, III. xv. 95 et seq. 
 
 Kaiserslautern, revolutionary outbreak 
 at, VIII. liii. 82. 
 
 Kakhofski, a Russian conspirator, II. viii. 
 122 assassination of Milaradowitch 
 by, 127 slays Colonel Strosler, 129 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragrajih.
 
 100 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Kakhofski, continued. 
 
 condemned to death, 137 las exe- 
 cution, 139. 
 Kalafat, capture of, by the Russians, III. 
 
 xv. 63. 
 Kalahi, siege of the Acropolis by, III. 
 
 xiv. 149. 
 Kalavatsch, passage of the Danube by 
 
 the Russians at, III. xv. 116. 
 Kalchberger, captain, VIII. lv. 22. 
 Kale, capture of, by the Russians, III. 
 
 xv. 113. 
 Kaluckzyu, advance of the Poles to, IV. 
 
 xxvi. 64 and of the Russians, 71. 
 Kalunga, defeat of the British before, 
 
 and its ultimate capture, VI. xxxix. 41. 
 Kaminsky, general, death of, at Ostrol- 
 
 enka, IV. xxvi. 77. 
 Kamran, priuce, expulsion of Dost Ma- 
 
 homined from Herat by, VI. xl. 36 
 
 inclination of, toward the British alli- 
 ance, 38. 
 Kamtjik, pass through the Balkan by the, 
 
 III. xv. 129. 
 Kaut, the works and system of, V. xxviii. 
 
 63. 
 Kapolna, movements before, VIII. lv. 15 
 
 battle of, 16 et seq. 
 Kara river, scenery, i&c.^f the, III. xiii. 62. 
 Kara Ali, made Capitau Pasha, III. xiv. 
 
 42 capture and massacre of Chios by, 
 
 60 et seq. attack of the Greek fleet 
 
 on, 64 destruction of his ship, and 
 
 his death, 65, 66. 
 Kara Tasso, a Greek chief, murder of his 
 
 wife, III. xiv. 69. 
 Karadjeinem, a Turkish chief, III. xv. 42. 
 Karaiskaski, during the sortie from Mis- 
 
 solonghi, III. xiv. 139 efforts of, to 
 
 raise the siege of the Acropolis, 149 
 
 various successes, ib. 
 Karanicher, capitulation of Hungarians 
 
 at, VIII. lv. 83. 
 Karczew, check of the Russians at, IV. 
 
 xxvi. 55. 
 Kargu, general, defeat of, VIII. lv. 19. 
 Kariffeki, general, at the siege of Kars, 
 
 III. xv. 70. 
 Karkow, establishment of university at, 
 
 II. viii. 65. 
 
 Karlsburg, defeat of the Hungarians at, 
 
 VIII. lv. 70. 
 Karnabat, pass through the Balkan by, 
 
 III. xv. 129. 
 
 Karrack, landing of British expedition 
 
 for relief of Herat at, VI. xl. 50. 
 Kars, siege of, by the Russians, III. xv. 
 
 68 description of it, 69 its fall, 70. 
 Kartellan, a member of the national 
 
 council of Poland, IV. xxvi. 32. 
 Kaschau, retreat of Georgey to, and 
 
 defeat of the Austrians at, VIII. lv. 11. 
 
 Kataensky, M., Russian ambassador to 
 Greece, VII. xlvi. 56. 
 
 Kaye, Mr, account of the proceedings of 
 British officers at Cabul by, VI. xl. 102 
 on the murder of Macnaghten, 126 
 his history of the xYffguanistan war, 
 VIII. xlviii. 48. 
 
 Kazan, population of, II. viii. 20 note 
 conquest of, by Ivan the Terrible, 38 
 establishment of university at, 65 
 service in the cathedral of, on the de- 
 parture of Alexander for Taganrog, 
 102. 
 
 Kazimoiz, defeat of the Poles at, IV. xxvi. 
 68. 
 
 Kean, Charles, the acting of, I. v. 105. 
 
 Keane, Sir John, afterwards lord, ap- 
 pointed to command the Afghanistan 
 expedition, VI. xl. 57 march of the 
 army, 59 operations of, during the 
 march, 63 marches on Cabul, 65, 67 
 - capture of Ghuznee, 70 et seq. 
 honours, &c. conferred on, 75 further 
 operations of, 76 withdrawal of, 78 
 general Nott superseded by, 95 - 
 his passage through Scinde, and dis- 
 cussion to which it gives rise, VIII. 
 xlix. 5. 
 
 Kei river, withdrawal of the British 
 frontier from the, VIII. lvi. 47 it 
 again advanced to, 50. 
 
 Kei], fort of, at Antwerp, V. xxix. 89. 
 
 Kellerman, general, views of, in 1815, I. 
 iii. 23 votes for the capital punish- 
 ment of Ney, 87. 
 
 Kellett, lieutenant, defeat of the Burmese 
 flotilla by, VI. xxxix. 64. 
 
 Kelly, Sir F., solicitor - general, 1852, 
 VIII. lvi. 64 note. 
 
 Kemble, John, as an actor, I. v. 102. 
 
 Keinble, Miss Fanny, as an actress, I. v. 
 103. 
 
 Kemendiue, capture of, by the British, 
 VI. xxxix. 57. 
 
 Kempt, Sir James, master - general of 
 ordnance, 1830, IV. xxiii. 6 note. 
 
 Kendal, member given to, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Kenilworth, remarks on, I. V. 1 0. 
 
 Kcnmure, reversal of attainder of, IV. 
 xx. 29. 
 
 Kennington Common, intended meeting 
 of the Chartists at, VII. xliii. 131. 
 
 Kent, the duke of, death of, II. x. 37. 
 
 Kent, disturbances in, 1830, IV. xxii. 70 
 additional members for, xxiii. 42 
 note elections of 1831 for, 68. 
 
 Kentucky, statistics of banks in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 7 note. 
 
 Kephalas, captain, at the storming of 
 Tripolitza, III. xiv. 41. 
 
 Kcrgolay, M. dc, an adherent of the 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 161 
 
 Duchess de Bern's, V. xxix. 42 bis 
 arrest, 44. 
 
 Kergu-Walla, the Dada, VIII. xlix. 35. 
 
 Kerratry, M v a leader of the Doctrinaires, 
 II. ix. 14. 
 
 Kerry, operation of insurrection act in, 
 1824, IV. xx. 23 note the election of 
 1835 for, VI. xxxv. 21 Protestants 
 and Catholics in, 34 proclaimed in 
 1848, VII. xliii. 138. 
 
 Kersal Moor, great Chartist meeting at, 
 VI. xxxvii. 65. 
 
 Kersovie, captain, V. xxx. 48. 
 
 Key, Sir John, motion by, for repeal of 
 the house and window duties, V. xxxi. 
 CO. 
 
 Khadeno, defeat of the Turks at, III. 
 xiv. 97. 
 
 Khart, defeat of the Russians at, III. xv. 
 105 and of the Turks, ib. 
 
 Kbelat, supplies obtained from, for the 
 Affghanistan expedition, VI. xl. 63 
 capture of, by the British, 79 recap- 
 ture of, by the insurgents, 86 recap- 
 ture of, by the British, 94. 
 
 Khelat - i - Ghilzye, defeat of insurgent 
 Affghans at, VI. xl. 96 danger of, 
 VIII. xlviii. 74 defence of, 80. 
 
 Khiva, Russian expedition against, and 
 its defeat, VI. xl. 82. 
 
 Khooloom, Wullee of, fidelity of, to 
 Dost Mahommed, VI. xl. 87 compell- 
 ed to abandon him, 89. 
 
 Khorassan, route to India by, VI. xl. 19 
 included in the old Douranee empire, 
 23. 
 
 Khoree Pass, passage of, by the British, 
 VIII. xlix. 106. 
 
 Khyber Pass, the, VI. xl. 20 passage of, 
 by the Affghanistan expedition, 65 
 return of Keane through, 83 attempt 
 of Wyld to force, VIII. xlviii. 55 re- 
 tirement of the British by, 107. 
 
 Khyrpore, town of, VIII. xlix. 2 en- 
 trance of the British into, 6 ameer 
 of, refuses to sign the treaty, 12. 
 
 Kicki, general, at battle of Praga, IV. 
 xxvi. 51 fall of, at Ostrolenka, 77. 
 
 Kidderminster, member given to, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Kiel, commencement of the Schleswig 
 revolt at, VIII. liii. 36. 
 
 Kiev, population of, II. viii. 20 note. 
 
 Kihaya Bey, defeat of, at Valtezza, III. 
 xiv. 36, 37. 
 
 Kildare, operation of the insurrection 
 act in, 1824, IV. xx. 23 note effects 
 of the coercion act in, V. xxxi. 44 note 
 bill abolishing bishopric of, 45 note 
 proclaimed in 1848, VII. xliii. 138. 
 
 Kilkenny, the assizes for 1822 in, II. x. 
 12b operation of insurrection act in, 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 1824, IV. xx. 23 note outrages in, 
 1832, V. Xxxi. 20 intimidation of 
 juries in, 33 proclaimed under the 
 coercion act, and diminution of crime 
 in, 43 and note increase of, since the 
 Union, 124 note falling off in Pro- 
 testants in, VI. xxxv. 34 proposed 
 reform of corporation of, 33. 
 
 Killar, a shepherd, ascent of Elbruz by, 
 III. xiii. 60 note. 
 
 Killala, bill abolishing bishopric of, V. 
 xxxi. 45 note. 
 
 Kilmarnock, intended rising in, 1848, 
 VII. xliii. 129. 
 
 Kilnoe, monster repeal meeting at, VII. 
 xli. 68. 
 
 Kinburn, the capture of, as an instance 
 of naval attack on land defences, VI. 
 xxxiv. 30. 
 
 King, colonel, at Ramnuggur, VIII. xlix. 
 98. 
 
 King Ottakar, Grillparzer's drama of, V. 
 xxviii. 26. 
 
 King's College, Lord Winchelsea's obser- 
 vations on Wellington's conduct re- 
 garding, -IV. xxii. 7 note. 
 
 King's County, effects of the coercion act 
 in, V. xxxi. 44 note. 
 
 Kingslake, Mr, the writings of, I. v. 
 86. 
 
 Kingston, attack of the American sym- 
 pathisers on, VI. xxxvii. 92. 
 
 Kinkel, the poems of, V. xxviii. 39. 
 
 Kinnaird, lord, I. iv. 27. 
 
 Kioitei, defeat of the Russians at, III. xv. 
 51. 
 
 Kiossa Mahomet Pacha, defeat of, at 
 Akhalzikh, III. xv. 74 et seq. dis- 
 graced, 84. 
 
 Kiow, defeat of the Podolian insurgents 
 at, IV. xxvi. 70. 
 
 Kipamos, capture of, by the Candians, 
 III. xiv. 97. 
 
 Kirk sessions, the, and the old Scotch 
 poor-law, VII. xlii. 27 under the 
 new, 29. 
 
 Kirkee, battle of, VI. xxxix. 47. 
 
 Kisker, M., minister of justice, VIII. liii. 
 55. 
 
 Kiss, Colonel Ernest, execution of, VIII. 
 Iv. 85. 
 
 Kiss, the works of, V. xxviii. 76. 
 
 Kisselef, general, III. xv. 139. 
 
 Klapka, colonel, junction of, with 
 Georgey, VIII. Iv. 11 dissatisfaction 
 with Dembinski, 19 plans proposed 
 by, 24 at Tapio-Biscke, 25 at 
 Isaszeg, 27 subsequent movements, 
 29 captures Waitzen, 30 battle of 
 Komorn, 57 et seq. garrisons it, 59 
 victory of, before Komorn, 76 capitu- 
 lates at Komorn, 83. 
 
 the Paragraph. -^
 
 1G2 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Kieber, his system of government in 
 Egypt, V. xxxii. 4. 
 
 Klein, general, VIII. Hi. 47. 
 
 Klopstock, Madame de Stael's criticisms 
 on, III. xviii. 16 the Messiah of, V. 
 xxviii. 22 as a lyric poet, 23. 
 
 Kmetz, general, VIII. lv. 29. 
 
 Knatchbull, Sir E., at the meeting on 
 Penenden Heath, IV. xxi. 120 vote 
 of, on the address, 1830, xxii. 25 
 offered office under Earl Grey, xxiii. 6 
 supports Peel against the reform 
 bill, 54 thrown out for Kent, 68 
 paymaster of forces, 1835, VI. xxxv. 
 16 note treasurer of navy, 1841, VII. 
 xli. 14 note. 
 
 Knezich, captain, execution of, VIII. 
 lv. 85. 
 
 Kniesen, defeat of the Austrians at, 
 VIII. lv. 44. 
 
 Knocktopher, massacre of the police at, 
 V. xxxi. 18. 
 
 Knout, punishment of the, in Russia, 
 II. viii. 36, VII. xliii. 24. 
 
 Knowledge, relations of, to morality, I. 
 i. 47. 
 
 Kochanowski, a member of the provi- 
 sional government of Poland, IV. xxvi. 
 18, 22. 
 
 Kochlin, a leader of the secret societies 
 in France, II. xi. 23. 
 
 Koglof, captain, loyalty of, II. viii. 136. 
 
 Koh-i-Noor diamond, the, VI. xl. 35. 
 
 Kohistan, insurrection under Dost Ma- 
 hommed in, VI. xl. 90 operations of 
 Sale in, 91 disaster of the Ghoorka 
 regiment in, 114. 
 
 Kojuk Pass, the, VI. xl. 67 defeat of 
 General England in, VIII. xlviii. 78 
 forcing of, by him, 84. 
 
 Kolding, struggle at town of, VIII. liii. 
 95. 
 
 Kollowrath, count, at Novara, VIII. lii. 
 93 liv. 2,3 ministry of, 6. 
 
 Kolodno, defeat of Dwernicki at, IV. 
 xxvi. 69. 
 
 Kolysko, iusui-rection in Podolia under, 
 IV. xxvi. 70. 
 
 Koniorn, fortress of, VIII. lv. 4 ad- 
 vance of the Austrians to, 7 
 blockaded, 8 raising of siege of, 40 
 battle of, 57 defeat of the Austrians 
 before, 76 surrender of, to the 
 Austrians, 83. 
 
 Konich, population of, III. xiii. 32 note 
 advance of Ibrahim Pacha to, V. 
 xxxii. 14 preparations for battle of, 
 15 forces on both sides, 16 battle 
 of, 17 ct seq. its results, 20. 
 
 Konigsberg, petitions for the States- 
 general from, V. xxvii. 71 religious 
 excitement in, 1846, 75. 
 
 ?'A< L 
 
 Koolangtoo, capture of, by the British, 
 VIII. xlviii. 34. 
 
 Kordofan, assigned by treaty to Mehemet 
 Ali, V. xxxii. 75 treaty between 
 Turkey and Mehemet Ali regarding, 
 VI. xxxiv. 114. 
 
 Kbrner, the poems of, and their influ- 
 ence, V. xxvii. 13, 14 the songs of, 
 xxviii. 32 as a dramatic poet, 33. 
 
 Korsalice, Mademoiselle Eulalie de, V. 
 xxix. 51 taken with the Duchess de 
 Berri, 54. 
 
 Koi-olkofl', general, death of, III. xv. 77. 
 
 Koshen, appointed viceroy at Canton, 
 VIII. xlviii. 27 treaty concluded, ib. 
 its disavowal, and his recall, 28- 
 degraded, 30. 
 
 Kosseir, defeat of the Turks near, V. 
 xxxii. 9. 
 
 Kossuth, Louis, heads the liberals in 
 Hungary, VIII. liv. 8 demands of, 9 
 resignation of, 32 his character as 
 leader of the democratic party, 38 
 efforts to raise forces, &c, 46 procla- 
 mation, 47 declares Keizig and Jel- 
 lachich traitors, 50 at battle of 
 Schwechat, 71, 72 removes with the 
 government to Debreczin, lv. 7 pro- 
 clamation, 8 movements directed to 
 Georgey by, 10 efforts to organise 
 forces, 11 displaces Dembinski, 19 
 division between, and Georgey, and 
 his views, 32 et seq. declaration of 
 independence, and he chosen governor, 
 36 energetic preparations, 37 dis- 
 sensions between, and Georgey, &c, 42 
 his jealousy of Georgey, 51 entry 
 of, into Pesth, 55 increasing jealousy 
 between, and Georgey, 62 dismisses 
 Georgey, but compelled to restore him, 
 63 resignation of, 78 takes refuge 
 in Turkey, and evades turning Mussul- 
 man, lvi. 56. 
 
 Koste, general, wounded during insur- 
 rection of July, VIII. 1. 94. 
 
 Kothen, representation of, in the Diet, 
 V. xxvii. 4 note population and mili- 
 tary contingent, 5 note railway from 
 Berlin to, 67. 
 
 Kotrce, defeat of the Affghau insurgents 
 at, VI. xl. 94. 
 
 Kot/.ebue, the dramas of, V. xxviii. 27 
 the assassination of, II. ix. 27, V. 
 xxvii. 24 execution of his murderer, 
 25 injury done by the murder to the 
 cause of freedom, 26. 
 
 Kouleftscha, battle of, III. xv. 121. 
 
 Kouprianoff, general, operations under, 
 1829, III. xv. 117. 
 
 Kouprikios, preparations of the Turks 
 at, III. xv. 130 their defeat at, 131. 
 
 Kourchid Pacha, see Chourchid. 
 
 arje Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 163 
 
 Kragb, general von, -victory of, at 
 Idstedt, VIII. liii. 99 et seq. 
 
 Krajowa, defeat of the Russians at, III. 
 xv. 63. 
 
 Krasinski, general, attack by the mob 
 on, IV. xxvi. 21. 
 
 Krasowsky, general, III. xv. 132, 133 
 operations of, in Persia, 23 left to 
 conduct the siege of Silistria, 121 
 operations of, before Schumla, 135. 
 
 Krasucki, general, operations of, against 
 Dwernicki, IV. xxvi. 69. 
 
 Krauss, M., VIII. liv. 75. 
 
 Kremlin, the architecture of the, II.viii.41. 
 
 Kreutz, general, cavalry combat under, 
 III. xv. 123 operations under, IV. 
 xxvi. 55 defeats of, ih. successes of, 
 against Sierawicki, 68 at first de- 
 feated by Chrzanowski, and ultimately 
 drives him back, 72 at assault of 
 Warsaw, 91. 
 
 Kronstadt, threatened by the Hun- 
 garians, and occupied by the Russians, 
 VIII. lv. 20 taken by the Hungarians, 
 21. 
 
 Krudener, madame, I. vi. 62 and the 
 Emperor Alexander, iii. 50 her in- 
 fluence over him, II. viii. 110. 
 
 Krukowieckski, general, at Praga, IV. 
 xxvi. 50 becomes president of the 
 council, 85, 86 attempts to negotiate, 
 90 surrenders, 91. 
 
 Kuban river, scenery, &c. of the, III. 
 
 xiii. 62. 
 Kuchelbecker, a Russian conspirator, II. 
 
 viii. 129. 
 Kuhne, M., minister of finance. VIII. 
 
 liii. 55. 
 Kulitza, general, at battle of Kouleftscha, 
 
 III. xv. 125. 
 Kumaon, expulsion of the Ghoorkas 
 
 from, VI. xxxix. 43. 
 Kupfer, M., ascent of Elbruz by, III. 
 
 xiii. 60 note. 
 Kurnatzski, general, attempt to assassi- 
 nate, IV. xxvi. 21. 
 Kurow, defeat of the Russians at, IV. 
 
 xxvi. 55. 
 Kurrachee, admission of English agent 
 
 to, VIII. xlix. 4 entrance of the 
 
 British into, 6 construction of pier 
 
 and harbour at, 31, 113. 
 Kurruck Singh, death of, VIII. xlix. 
 
 32. 
 Kurteppe, defeat of the Russians at, III. 
 
 xv. 58, 59. 
 Kusanlik, pass through the Balkan by, 
 
 III. xv. 129. 
 Kustendji, capture of, by the Russians, 
 
 III. xv. 37, 42. 
 Kutahieh, advance of Ibrahim Pacha to, 
 
 V. xxxii. 20. 
 Kykloo, repulse of the British at, VI. 
 
 xxxix. 60 its capture, ib. 
 
 Labanoff-Rastowsky, prince, dismissed 
 from office, III. xv. 20. 
 
 Labbey de Pompieres, M., III. xvii. 67 
 note. 
 
 Labedoyere, colonel, the arrest and trial 
 of, ordered, I. iii. 19 the treason of, 
 78 his arrest, 79 his trial and con- 
 demnation, 80 his death, 81 in- 
 demnity to, II. ix. 102 note. 
 
 Labedoyere, a revolutionary leader, 1847, 
 VII. xlvii. 18. 
 
 Laboissieie, M., his arrest ordered, V. 
 xxix. 67 arrest of, 77. 
 
 Laborde, count, indemnity to, II. ix. 102 
 note. 
 
 Laborde, M. de, signs the protest against 
 the ordonnances, III. xvii. 63 meet- 
 ing of liberal chiefs at house of, 67. 
 
 Labouchere, Mr, Jamaica bill introduced 
 by, VI. xxxvii. 127 arguments for it, 
 128 on the colonisation resolutions, 
 xxxviii. 9 secretary for Ireland, 1846, 
 \ II. xliii. 4 note a member of the 
 committee on the bank charter act, 112 
 
 motion by, for repeal of the naviga- 
 tion laws, VIII. lvi. 6 arguments for 
 it, 7 et seq. 
 Labour, rural, no demand for, in France, 
 III. xvii. 128 necessity of combina- 
 tion in favour of, xix. 54 reduudanco 
 of, and its effect in Ireland, IV. xx. 4 
 practical representation of, under 
 the old system, xxiii. 124 effect of 
 the contraction of the currency on 
 wages of, 130 want of representation 
 of, under the reform bill, 150 high 
 price of, in old communities, 168 
 the interests of the bourgeoisie opposed 
 to those of, xxiv. 4 the struggle be- 
 tween it and capital in France, ib. 5 
 principles of the St Simonians regard- 
 ing, IV. xxv. 40 effects of revolution 
 of 1830 on, in France, V. xxx. 63 
 bill for regulating hours, &c. of, in 
 factories, xxxi. 109 high rates of, in 
 the United States, VI. xxxvii. 4 low 
 rates of, in Hindostan, xxxix. 7 price 
 of, reduced by the contraction of tho 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 164 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Labour, rural, continued. 
 
 currency, VII. xli. 56 wages of, in- 
 justice of income tax on, 58 demand 
 for, caused by railways in England, 
 xliii. 53, 55 alleged influence of pro- 
 posed factory bill on remuneration of, 
 89 price of, in rich and poor states, 
 156 effects of inadequate currency 
 on, in France, xliv. 19 growing im- 
 portance of state of, in France, 33 
 discussion in the Chamber, and speech 
 of Arago on it, ib. et seq. effects of the 
 conscription on the demand for, in 
 France, xliv. 40 the struggle between 
 capital and, in France, 78 high price 
 of, in Algeria, xlv. 7 attention to in- 
 terests of, in revolution of 1848, VIII. 
 1. 20 decree fixing hours of, ib. new 
 law regulating hours of, in France, li. 
 4 prison system of, in France, &c. 
 lvii. 8. 
 
 Labour rate act for Ireland, expenditure 
 under the, VII. xliii. 44 note. 
 
 Labourdonnaye, M., speech of, against 
 the proposed amnesty, I. iii. 108 
 elected president of the Deputies, III. 
 xvi. 76. 
 
 Labourers, crowding of, into towns in 
 France, III. xvii. 130. 
 
 Labouring classes, the, effects of varia- 
 tions of the currency on, II. x. 12 
 discontent of, in Great Britain, VI. 
 xxxvii. 3 position of, here and abroad, 
 
 VII. xli. 30, 31 effects of the railway 
 mania on, xlii. 8 motion regarding, 
 1845, 35. 
 
 Lacambre, a leader of the extreme part}-, 
 
 VIII. 1. 54. 
 
 Lachau, M. do, nn adherent of the 
 
 Duchess de Berri's, taken prisoner, V. 
 
 xxix. 43. 
 Lachasse de Verigny, general, killed by 
 
 the explosion of the infernal machine, 
 
 V. xxxiii. 30. 
 La Chatre, reform banquet at, VII. xliv. 
 
 32. 
 La Contcmporaine, alleged connection 
 
 of, with the Louis Philippe letters, 
 
 VII. xliv. 55. 
 
 Lacretelle, M., the works of, III. xviii. 
 38 opposes the re-establishment of 
 the censorship, and dismissed from 
 office, xvi. 59. 
 
 Lacrosse, M., VIII. lvii. 3. 
 
 Lacy, admiral, minister of marine, 1848, 
 
 VIII. 1. 0.9 note. 
 
 Lacy, general, conspiracy under, in 
 Barcelona, and his death, II. vii. 
 46. 
 
 Ladcnburg, M., minister of public in- 
 struction, VIII. liii. 55. 
 
 Ladoga, lake, II. viii. 93. 
 
 Tlie L' 
 
 Lady of the Lake, on the, I. v. 7. 
 Ladvocat, M., proposes to proclaim the 
 
 empire in 1830, IV. xxiv. 24. 
 Laez, Don Victor, the king's confessor, 
 
 dismissed, II. xii. 95. 
 Lafayette, the marquis de, and the con- 
 spiracy of 1815, I. iii. 124, 126 de- 
 feated in the elections for 1817, vi. 42 
 returned as member to the Deputies, 
 75 heads the extreme liberals in 
 1819, II. ix. 27 arguments of, against 
 the re-establishment of the censorship, 
 55 and against the new electoral law, 
 64 efforts of, in 1820, to corrupt the 
 military, 80 expectations of, from 
 the conspiracy in the army, 81 heads 
 the secret societies of France, xi. 18 
 named a member of Berton's provi- 
 sional government, 19 instigates the 
 conspiracy at Rochelle, 20 plan of, 
 for the escape of the condemned, 21 
 at the expulsion of Manuel, xii. 60 
 protests against it, 61 share of the 
 indemnity received by, III. xvi. 32 
 denunciation of multiplication of 
 government offices hj, 78 prepara- 
 tions of, against the Polignac ministry, 
 xvii. 6 his journey in the south, 7 
 during the Three Days, 74 at the 
 meeting of the liberals at Lafitte's, 79 
 accepts the command of Paris, ib. 
 established in the Hotel de Ville, 81 
 objects of the party of, 102 ^per- 
 plexity and irresolution of, IV. xxiv. 
 15 reception of the republican depu- 
 tation by, 22 his indecision, 23 con- 
 tinued indecision of, and visit of the 
 Duke of Orleans to, 29 yields, and 
 recognises the latter, 30, 31 deputa- 
 tions of National Guards, &c. to, 56 
 attitude of, and its dangers, 59 oj> 
 poses the dismissal of Odillon Barrot, 
 xxv. 7 demands of, as commander of 
 National Guard, 15 dismissed from 
 the command, 16 arguments of, for 
 the abolition of the hereditary peerage, 
 91 preparations for new insurrec- 
 tion by, V. xxix. 56 at Lamarque's 
 funeral, 58 his indecision, 62 motion 
 made by, at the meeting at Lafitte's, 
 64 his arrest urged, 67 propagandist 
 committee headed by, xxx. 23 heads 
 the republicans, 32 heads the com- 
 mittee of the secret societies, 41 in- 
 surrectionary movements organised by, 
 1834, 47 death of, 52 his character, 
 53 et seq. 
 Lafitte, M., in the Chamber of 1816, I. 
 vi. 10 returned to the Deputies in 
 1817, 42 motion by, with regard to 
 the electoral law, 87 part} - of, in the 
 Deputies, 1S19, II. ix. 20 views of, 
 
 vrge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 165 
 
 in 1819, 27 violent language of, in 
 
 the Deputies, 77 subscription by, for 
 
 General Foy's family, III. xvi. 38 re- 
 turned for Paris in 1827, 71 during 
 
 the Three Days, xvii. 74 meeting of 
 
 liberals at house of, 78 their resolu- 
 tion, 79 efforts of, to arrest the re- 
 volution, 86 heads the Orleanists, IV. 
 
 xxiv. 10, 11 arguments of, for the 
 
 duke's being called to the crown, 12, 13 
 
 meeting and proceedings of the Or- 
 leanists at the hotel of, 15 letter from, 
 
 to the duke, 16 further proceedings 
 
 of, in his favour, 19 proceedings of 
 
 the Orleanists against the Napoleonists 
 
 at his hotel, 24 their panic on the 
 
 irresolution of the Duke of Orleans, 
 
 25 accompanies the duke to the 
 
 Hotel de Ville, 29, 30 member of 
 
 Louis Philippe's first cabinet, 44 at 
 
 the court of Louis Philippe, 56 
 
 chosen president of Chamber, 61 for- 
 mation of ministry of, xxv. 8 his 
 
 statement of its principles, 9 changes 
 
 in it, 17 fall of his ministry, 47 his 
 
 character, and cause of his fall, 48 
 
 opposition candidate for the presi- 
 dency of the Chamber, 1831, 59 on 
 
 the increase of the army, V. xxix. 22 
 
 meeting of opposition to organise 
 
 new insurrection at his hotel, 56 at 
 
 Lamarque's funeral, 58 meeting at 
 
 his hotel during the insurrection, 64 
 
 his arrest urged, 67 meeting after 
 
 suppression of the revolt, and their 
 
 deputation to the king, 74 majority 
 
 against, as president of Deputies, 
 
 xxx. 14 and again, 1834, 58 votes 
 
 for, as president, xxxiii. 2 republican 
 
 views of, 1837, VI. xxxiv. 5 views of, 
 
 on the suffrage, 1839, 63 at reform 
 
 banquet, 1840, VII. xliv. 24 heads 
 
 the reform movement, 31. 
 Lafitte, general, a leader of the con- 
 spiracy in the army, II. ix. 81. 
 Lafontaine, general, wounded during in- 
 surrection of duly, VIII. 1. 94. 
 Lagarde, M. de, ambassador to Spain, II. 
 
 xii. 24 withdrawal of, 27. 
 Lagardt, general, royalist attack on, at 
 
 Nimes, I. iii. 35. 
 Lagrange, M., conduct of, on his trial, V. 
 
 xxxiii. 23 declaration of, in favour of 
 
 reform procession, VII. xlvii. 47 an 
 
 insurgent leader in 1848, 57 invades 
 
 the Chamber of Deputies, 74 returned 
 
 to Assembly, VIII. 1. 77 arrested, lvii. 
 
 48. 
 La Guillotiere, straggle in the, during 
 
 the revolt at Lyons, V. xxx. 46. 
 La Harpe, the preceptor of Alexander, 
 
 II. viii. 110. 
 
 theSiuall to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph. 
 
 La Hette, M. de, elected for Paris, VIII.' 
 lvii. 23 note. 
 
 Lahore, city of, VIII.' xlix. 52 Sikh 
 population of, 51 advance of the 
 British toward, 87 treaty regarding 
 subsidiary force at, 91. 
 
 Lahour, major, execution of, VIII. lv. 
 85. 
 
 Laine, M. de, chosen president of the 
 Chamber, I. iii. 62 becomes minister 
 of the interior, 122 views of, regard- 
 ing .the electoral law, 128 measures 
 of, to relieve the distress of 1816, vi. 
 7 in the Chamber of 1816, 10 bill 
 regarding bequests to the church 
 brought in by, 32 his arguments for 
 it, 33 policy advocated by, in 1818, 
 78 tenders his resignation, ib. 
 rupture of, with the Doctrinaires, II. 
 ix. 87 resigns the ministry of public 
 instruction, 97 intimacy of MartJguae 
 with, III. xvi. 76. 
 
 Laing, lieutenant, death of, at Beh-Meru, 
 
 VI. xl. 117. 
 Laity, lieutenant, a partisan of Louis 
 
 Napoleon's, V. xxxiii. 81 pamphlet in 
 
 favour of Louis Napoleon by, and his 
 
 trial and sentence for it, VI. xxxiv. 
 
 20. 
 Lake, lord, on the proportion of European 
 
 and Asiatic troops, VI. xxxix. 27 re- 
 monstrances of, against the treaty with 
 
 Holkar, &c, 35 his resignation and 
 
 death, 36. 
 Lake, lieutenant, at siege of Mooltan, 
 
 VIII. xlix. 109. 
 Lakes, number, &c. of, in China, VIII. 
 
 xlviii. 7. 
 Lai Singh, VIII. xlix. 58. 
 Lalande, admiral, and the treacherous 
 
 surrender of the Turkish fleet, V. 
 
 xxxii. 50 recalled from the Levant, 
 
 08. 
 Lalla-Maghonia, dispute with Marocco 
 
 regarding, VII. xlv. 33 defeat of the 
 
 Moors near, 36. 
 Lalla Rookh, remarks on, I. v. 15. 
 Lallemand, a student, death of. II. ix. 75 
 
 his funeral, and efforts to renew the 
 
 disturbances at it, 78. 
 Lallemand, the brothers, the arrest and 
 
 trial of, ordered, I. iii. 19. 
 Lalli, marquis de, I. vi. 80. 
 L;'.lly Tollendal, arguments of, against 
 
 change in the electoral law, I. vi. 85. 
 La Malonia. defeat of Abd-el-Kadr at, 
 
 VII. xlv. '44. 
 La Marmora, general, VIII. Iii. 36 sup- 
 pression of the revolt at Genoa by, 
 102. 
 
 Lamarque, general, indemnity to, II. ix. 
 102 note arguments of, on foreign
 
 1G6 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Lamarque, general, continued. 
 
 affairs, 1831, IV. xxv. 79 et seq. on 
 Poland, 85 duel between, and 
 Sebastiani, ib. note deatb of, V. xxix. 
 56 bis previous career and character, 
 57 his funeral, and commencement 
 of insurrection at it, 58 et seq. * 
 Lamartine, M. de, on the national char- 
 acter of the French, I.iii. 2 anecdote 
 of, II. viii. 151 note on the state of 
 Paris in 1819, ix. 27 on the proceed- 
 ings of the liberals in 1820, 80 
 account of Napoleon's exile at St 
 Helena by, 116 on the danger to 
 France from the Spanish revolution, 
 xii. 1 character of Louis XVIII. by, 
 121 picture of Servia and the 
 Servians by, III. xiii. 14, 15 refuses 
 office under Polignac, xvii. 30 on the 
 ordonnances of Charles X. 57 on the 
 foundlings of Paris, &c, 125 note the 
 works of, xviii. 23 his defects as a 
 historian, 24, 25 as a writer of me- 
 moirs, 53 a writer for the daily press, 
 74 the autobiography of, V. xxviii. 
 54 rise and character of, in public 
 life, xxx. 55 his conduct during the 
 revolution of 1848, 56 his qualities 
 as a statesman and orator, 57 argu- 
 ments of, against the laws proposed 
 against the press, 1835, xxxiii. 39 
 
 et seq opposes the new laws against 
 
 the press, 1836, 44 on the trial of 
 the confederates of Louis Napoleon, 
 81 arguments for the law for dis- 
 junction of trials, 84 speech of, 
 against the suppression of foundling 
 hospitals, VI. xxxiv. 16 speech of, 
 on the Eastern question, 1839, 47 
 speech of, on literary property, VII. 
 xliv. 57 arguments of, in favour of 
 reform, 76 his error in these, 78 
 arguments of, in favour of the Duel) esse 
 d'Orleans as regent, 88 et seq. effect 
 of his joining the liberals, 91 his 
 character as a statesman, 97 his ex- 
 cessive vanity and its results, 98 on 
 the trial of Teste, &c, xlvii. 13 
 speech of, at reform banquet at Macon, 
 21 his ulterior views, 23 speech of, 
 on the address, 1848, 32 demands a 
 republic, 71 his picture of the 
 Duchesse d'Orleans, 72 his proceed- 
 ings, 73 appointed one of the pro- 
 visional government, 74 picture of 
 the revolutionists by, 76 account of 
 the difficulties of the provisional 
 government by, VFII. 1. 6 his con- 
 duct in regard to the Drapeau rouge, 8 
 . opposition of, to free trade, 21 dis- 
 claims Ledru-Rollin's circular, 34 
 appointed a member of College of 
 
 The L 
 
 France, 35 efforts of, against the 
 extreme party, 36 pacific circular to 
 foreign states, 37 answer to Irish 
 deputation, 38 his secret views, 39 
 disclaims the attempt on Belgium, 42 
 declaration of, to the Poles, 43 
 communications between, and Lord 
 Normanby, 46 reception of, by the 
 Compagnies d'Elite, &c, 51 during 
 the socialist demonstration, 55 at- 
 tempts to conciliate Blanqui, &c, 56 
 preparations against the revolt, 59, 
 60, 61 dissensions between, and his 
 colleagues, 61 popularity of, May, 64 
 votes for, ib. note speech on foreign 
 affairs, 66 a member of the executive 
 commission, 67 coalition with Ledru- 
 Rollin, ib. on republicanism in 
 France, 69 during the revolt of May 
 15th, 71, 73 efforts of, against Louis 
 Napoleon, 76 urges resignation of 
 executive commission, 77 on the 
 revolt of June, 83 arguments of, for 
 single Chamber in Assembly, li. 7 et 
 seq. views and arguments of, on 
 election of president, 11, 13 et seq. 
 votes foi-, as president, 29 the 
 political fall of, 30. 
 
 Lamb, Mr, secretary for Ireland, IV. xxi. 
 66 note. 
 
 Lamberg, count, appointed commander- 
 in-chief in Hungary, VIII. liv. 47 
 his murder, 48. 
 
 Lambert, commodore, at Rangoon, VIII. 
 xlix. 114. 
 
 Lambrecht, M., a Jacobin, returned to 
 the Deputies in 1819, II. ix. 17. 
 
 Lambuschini, Cardinal, papal legato to 
 France, a member of the Camarilla, 
 III. xvi. 5 denounced by the liberals, 
 VII. xlvi. 72. 
 
 Lamenais, the abb6 de, the writings of, 
 III. xviii. 55 demanded as counsel 
 by the prisoners for treason in 1834, 
 V. xxxiii. 19 prosecution of, 1841, 
 VII. xliv. 52. 
 
 Lamoriciero. general, at assault of Con- 
 stantino, V. xxxiii. 122 wounded, ib. 
 character of, VII. xlv. 17 at the 
 Col de Mouzaia, 23 operations of, 
 against Abd-el-Kadr, 28, 29 defeat of 
 the Mo.ors by, 34 further operations, 
 35, 36 surrender of Abd-el-Kadr to, 
 44, 45 appointed commander of the 
 National Guard, xlvii. 59, 60 pro- 
 ceedings of, at the Tuileries, 65, 67 
 during the revolt of June, VIII. 1. 84, 
 86, 87, 88, 93 war-minister under 
 Cavaignac. 97 note a member of the 
 permanent commission, Ivii. 28 votes 
 for the motion of the quaestors, 44 
 arrested, 48. 
 
 urge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 167 
 
 Lanark, reform riots at, IV. xxiii. 67. 
 
 Lanarkshire, trials in the Sheriff Court 
 of, I. iv. 20 note insurrectionary 
 movements in, 1820, and their sup- 
 pression, II. x. 51 statistics of voters 
 registered in, IV. xxiii. 136 note 
 cost of various strikes in, VI. xxxvii. 
 61 note riots in, 1842, VII. xli. 21 
 their suppression, 23 pressure, &c. of 
 tolls in, 84 note ratio of mortality 
 in, xliii. 93 suffering and pauperism 
 in, 1848, 126 results of establish- 
 ment of police in, VIII. lvi. 36 note 
 recommitments of ticket-of-leave con- 
 victs in, 42 note. 
 
 Lancashire, continuance of military train- 
 ing in, 1820, II. x. 49 distress in, 
 1826, IV. xxi. 2 riots in, 41 no 
 small notes issued in, 13 additional 
 members for, xxiii. 42 note elections 
 of 1835 in, VI. xxxv. 19 pauperism 
 in. 1839, xxxvii. 48 failures of banks 
 in, 1847, VII. xliii. 101 the bank- 
 ruptcies in, during 1847, 114. 
 
 Lancaster, intended rising at, 1817, I. iv. 
 15. 
 
 Lancasterian schools, establishment of, 
 in Russia, II. viii. 66. 
 
 Land, unequal pressure of the poor- 
 rates on, I. ii. 40 Brougham on the 
 burdens imposed on, II. x. 6.9 extent 
 of, held in mortmain in Turkey, III. 
 xiii. 20 effects of the subdivision of, 
 in France, xvii. 127 burdens on, in 
 France, 129 necessity of, to the Irish 
 peasantry, IV. xx. 1 competition for, 
 and effects of this in Ireland, 4 great 
 subdivision of, in Ireland, for political 
 pui-poses, 9 dependence of the Irish 
 poor on the possession of, 11 effects 
 of subdivision of, in Ireland, xxi. 164 
 transference of, in Ireland under the 
 Encumbered Estates Commission, 170 
 burdens on, xxiii. 125 and note 
 proportion of income tax paid by the, 
 136 predominance given to the shop- 
 keeping interest over, 1 43 direct taxes 
 on, 147 numbers dependent on, taxes 
 paid by, &c, 160 continued depres- 
 sion of, 1834, V. xxxi. Ill specula- 
 tions in, in the United States, 1837, 
 VI. xxxvii. 24 treasury order regard- 
 ing cash payments 'for, 25 system of 
 sale of, in the United States, and in 
 the British colonies, xxxviii. 10, 11 
 high prices paid by railway companies 
 for, VII. xlii. 7 burdens on, Mr 
 Ward's motion regarding, 1845, 35 
 Mr Goulburn on the burdens on, 90 
 note mortgages on, in Ireland, xliii. 49 
 pressure of mortgages and taxes on, 
 in France, xliv. 4 changes in laws 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 regarding sale, &c. of, in Prussian 
 Poland, xlvi. 14 taxes paid by, in 
 France, VIII. Ii. 5 statistics regard- 
 ing, in Prussia, liii. 4 note new sys- 
 tem of sale of, in the colonies, lvi. 46. 
 
 Lands, large purchases of, in the United 
 States through the paper currency, VI. 
 xxxvii. 8. 
 
 Land defences, the attack of, by naval 
 forces, VI. xxxiv. 28 et seq. 
 
 Land offices, the, of the United States, 
 VI. xxxviii. 10. 
 
 Land tax, the, pressure of, in France, III. 
 xvii. 129, IV. xxiv. 2 additions to, 
 1831, in France, xxv. 36 proposed 
 substitution of, for tithes in Ireland, 
 V. xxxi. 136 how levied under the 
 Zemindar system, VI. xxxix. 15 and 
 under the village, 1 6 amount, &c. of, 
 in India, 23 in China, VIII. xlviii. 13. 
 
 Land tenure, insecurity of, in Turkey, 
 III. xiii. 19, 20. 
 
 Land tenures, system of, in China, VIII. 
 xlviii. 13. 
 
 Landabura, the murder of, II. xi. 62. 
 
 Landaries, M., moves the trial of Louis 
 Blanc, VIII. 1. 75. 
 
 Landau, surrendered by France to the 
 allies, I. iii. 48 provision of the Diet 
 regarding, V. xxvii. 5. 
 
 Landed aristocracy, effects of the cur- 
 rency bill of 1819 on the, I. i. 6 
 effects of want of, in France, III. xvii. 
 136 transference of political power 
 from the, IV. xxiii. 1. 
 
 Landed interest, the, continued depres- 
 sion of, in England, 1823, III. xix. 8 
 growth of, under the pi'otective 
 system, IV. xxiii. 4 not predominant 
 under the old constitution, 124 
 effects of the contraction of the 
 currency on, 144 opposition to the 
 sliding scale among, VII. xli. 41 divi- 
 sion of, by the railway mania, xlii. 
 7 burdens of, VIII. lvi. 18. 
 
 Landed property, distribution of the, in 
 Spain, II. vii. 18 effects of the exces- 
 sive subdivision of, in France, VII. 
 xliv. 39. 
 
 Landed proprietors, Louis Blanc on the, 
 in France, V. xxix. 3 indifference of, 
 to strikes, VI. xxxvii. 58 want of, in 
 China, VIII. xlviii. 6, 13. 
 
 Landholders, the, desire for reform 
 among, IV. xxi. 6 the Irish, extrava- 
 gance, &c. of, 164 representation 
 of, under the old constitution of 
 England, xxiii. 123 Mr Attwood on 
 the position of, V. xxxi. 56 political 
 feeling of, in America, VI. xxxvii. 
 9 the Scotch, liberality of, during 
 the famine, VII. xliii. 52. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 ica 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Landlord, absolute power of the, in Ire- 
 land, and its effects, IV. xx. 3. 
 
 Landlords, splitting up of farms for poli- 
 tical purposes in Ireland by the, IV. 
 xx. 9 Irish, absenteeism among, 12 
 their association in Orange lodges, 
 13 political influence of, over their 
 tenantry in Ireland, xxi. 113 exorbi- 
 tant powers conferred on, in Ireland, 
 
 VII. xlii. 79. 
 Landolphe, M., V. xxxiii. 21. 
 Landon, Miss, the poems of, I. v. 86. 
 Landon, captain, defeat of the American 
 
 sympathisers by, VI. xxxvii. 105. 
 
 Landowners, the Irish, conduct of, dur- 
 ing the famine, VII. xliii. 49 number 
 of, in Prussia, VIII. liii. 4 note repre- 
 sentation of, in Germany, 9. 
 
 Landseer, the paintings of, I. v. 93. 
 
 Landwehr, the Prussian, V. xxvii. 43. 
 
 Langerman, general, at Ostrolenka, IV. 
 xxvi. 76. 
 
 Langeron, count, operations of, against 
 the Turks, III. xv. 113. 
 
 Languinan, M. de, arguments of, against 
 change in the electoral law, I. vi. 92. 
 
 Langley, Mr, on the crisis of 1847, VII. 
 xliii. 73. 
 
 Lanjuinais, M., opposes the law of un- 
 limited arrest, I. iii. 70 amendment 
 by, regarding dissolution of Assembly, 
 
 VIII. lvii. 11. 
 
 Lansdowne, marquess of, arguments of, 
 against the foreign enlistment bill, I. 
 iv. 100 et seq. speech of, in favour of 
 free trade, II. x. 64 at the trial of 
 the queen, 84 bill for enfranchising 
 the English Catholics brought in by, 
 IV. xx. 28 becomes home secretary, 
 xxi. 66 threatens resignation, 91 
 resignation of, 95 president of the 
 council, xxiii. 6 note one of the com- 
 mission for giving the royal assent to 
 the reform bill, 115 president of 
 council, 1835, VI. xxxv. 44 note 
 supports the life-preservation bill for 
 Ireland, VII. xlii. 70 estimate by, 
 of the agricultural loss in 1848, xliii. 
 46 on the education question, 1817, 
 96 supports government on the 
 Greek affair, VIII. lvi. 59. 
 
 Lansdowne House, social influence of, 
 
 i. v. in. 
 
 Lansfeld, countess of (Lola Montes), 
 
 VIII. liii. 21. 
 Lanza, a Sardinian deputy, VIII. Iii. 
 
 84 motion by, against the armistice, 
 
 99. 
 Lao-Kiun, system of, in China, VIII. 
 
 xlviii. 16. 
 Lapas, a Creek chief, at Thermopylae, 
 
 III. xiv. 38. 
 
 The La 
 
 La Penissiere, defence of, by the Ven- 
 deans, V. xxix. 49. 
 
 La Place, votes for re-establishing the 
 censorship, III. xvi. 69.. 
 
 Laplaque, M., becomes minister of 
 finance, V. xxxiii. 86. 
 
 La Plata, affairs of, 1847, VII. xlvi. 59. 
 
 Lapoukhine, prince, II. viii. 114. 
 
 Larcom, captain, his report on the di- 
 minished produce of wheat, I. i. 10 
 note report by, on the diminished 
 produce of wheat in Ireland, VII. xlii. 
 91 and note. 
 
 Lard, imported, proposed new tariff on, 
 VII. xli. 47 note. 
 
 Lareche, an agent of Lafayette's, II. xi. 20. 
 
 Lareguy, supports the Orleanists, IV. 
 xxiv. 14. 
 
 Larissa, pacha of, III. xiv. 89. 
 
 Larochejaqueleih, Auguste de, fidelity 
 of, to Charles X., III., xvii. 95, 98. 
 
 Larochejaquelein, M. de, opposes the 
 constitution of 1848, VIII. li. 16. 
 
 Las Amarillas, the marquis, minister-at- 
 war in 1820, II. vii. 75. 
 
 La Sancta, capture "of. by the Sicilian 
 revolutionists, II, vii.410 recaptured, 
 111. 
 
 La Sarthe, Ledru - Rollin elected for, 
 1842, VII. xliv. 80.. 
 
 Las Cabezas, commencement of the re- 
 volt of the Spanish army at, II. vii. 64. 
 
 Las Casas, Napoleon's conversations as 
 recorded bj T , III. xviii. 43. 
 
 Lascours, generalj during the insurrec- 
 tion of 1834, V. xxx. 50. 
 
 Latakia, capture of, by the allies, V. 
 xxxii. 71. 
 
 La Tafna, conference between Eugeaud 
 and Abd-el-Kadr at, V. xxxiii. 116 
 terms of treaty of, 117 indignation 
 at treaty in France, 118. 
 
 La Tentation, opera of, V. xxx. 7. 
 
 Latil, cardinal, head of the Camarilla in 
 France, III. xvi. 5 great influence 
 of, 10, 82. 
 
 Latour, count, defection of, VIII. Iii. 83. 
 
 Latour, count, war - minister, prepara- 
 tions of, for the Hungarian war, A' II I. 
 liv. 43 plans of, for the war, 44 
 measures of, to reinforce Jellachich, 51 
 during the insurrection at Vienna, 
 53, 54 his murder, 55. 
 
 T.a Tour du Kcslc, drama of, V. xxx. 7. 
 
 Latour-Dupin, M., resignation of, IV. 
 xxiv. 44. 
 
 Latour-Maubourg, general, votes for the 
 capital punishment of Key, I. iii. 87 
 made a peer, vi. 96 becomes minister- 
 at-war, II. ix. 23 new organisation 
 given to the army by, 92 appointed 
 member of the privy council, and 
 
 rr/e Human numerals refer la the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 1G9 
 
 governor of the Iuvalides, 107 re- 
 signsunder Louis Phil ippe, IV. xxiv. 44. 
 
 La Tourette, rising at, V. xxix. 43. 
 
 Latre, general, suppression of the revolt 
 at Corunna by, II. xi. 45. 
 
 Lauderdale, lord, on the detention of 
 Napoleon at St Helena, I. ii. 59. 
 
 Laudrin, M., elected to the Assembly, 
 VIII. Ii. 16. 
 
 Lauenberg, the duchy of, VIII. liii. 34 
 statistics of, 5 note accepts the Ger- 
 manic constitution of 1848, 77. 
 
 Laugnawaga, defeat of Canadian insur- 
 gents at, VI. xxxvii. 103. 
 
 Launceston, partially disfz'anchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Lauris'tOD, marshal, II. xii. 99 placed 
 at the head of the household, ix. 91 
 supports Villele on the Spanish ques- 
 tion, xii. 25. 
 
 Lauzet, M., on the position of the king 
 toward the Chamber, 1834, V. xxxiii. 
 10. 
 
 Laval, M., French missionary in Tahiti, 
 VII. xii. 98. 
 
 Lavalette, M., proscribed in 1815, I. iii. 
 19 the trial of, 92 condemned, 93 
 his escape, 94 et seq. 
 
 Lavalette, madame, efforts of, on behalf 
 of her husband, I. iii. 93 takes his 
 place in prison, and enables him to 
 escape, 94 severity of the court to 
 her, 95. 
 
 La Vendue, see Vendue. 
 
 Law, reforms in, introduced by Nicho- 
 las, II. viii. 146 powerlessness of, in 
 Ireland, against the secret societies, 
 IV. xx. 20 alleged powerlessness of, 
 in Ireland, V. xxxi. 33 the adminis- 
 tration of,- in India, VI. xxxix. 29. 
 
 Law expenses, amount of, on land in 
 France, ifl. ' xvii. 129. 
 
 Law proceedings, remission of duties 
 in, 1824, III. xix. 11. 
 
 Law reform, committee for, in Pied- 
 mont, II. vii. 101. 
 
 Lawless, Mr, progress of, in the north 
 
 ' of Ireland, "IV. xxi. 116 -held to bail, 
 119. . 
 
 Lawrence, Sir Thomas, the portraits of, 
 
 *' I. v. 59. 
 
 Lawrence, escape of, on the murder of 
 Mactiaghten, VI. xl. 124 one of the 
 Affgban captives, VIII. xlviii. 102. 
 
 Lawrence, major, compelled to evacuate 
 Peshawur, VIII. xlix. 95. 
 
 Lawtie, lieutenant, death of, VI. xxxix. 
 43. 
 
 Lawyers, the French, rancour of, against 
 the Bourbons, III. xvii. 39. 
 
 Layard, Mr, motion by, regarding limit- 
 ed service in the army, VII. xliii. 23 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 supports the limited service system, 
 95. 
 
 Laybach, the congress of, II. viii. 72 
 
 preparations at, against the Pied- 
 
 moutese insurgents, 81 discussion 
 
 in parliament on it, x. 93. 
 Laymen, admission of, to the" papal 
 
 council, VII. xlvi. 82. 
 Lazar, general, execution of, VIII. lv. 85. 
 Lazes, defeat of the, at Khart, III. xv. 
 
 105. 
 Leach, Sir John, Master of the Rolls, IV. 
 
 xxi. 66 note. 
 Lead, reduction of duties on, 1825, III. 
 
 xix. 76. 
 League newspaper, the, VII. xlii. 39. 
 Leander, the, at the battle of Algiers, 
 
 I. ii. 72, 77, 78, 80. 
 Learning, early progress of, in Germany, 
 
 V. xxviii. 6 state, &c. of, in China, 
 
 VIII. xlviii. 17. 
 Leather, rise in the duty on, I. ii. 39 
 
 abolishment of war tax on, II. x. 
 
 144 remission of duties on, 1830, 
 
 IV. xxii. 34. 
 
 Lebauon, valleys of, increase of popula- 
 tion in, III. xiii. 16 aspect of the 
 villages, &c. of, 26 range of, V. 
 xxxii. 6 the mountaineers of, join 
 the allies, 71. 
 
 Lebeschu, mademoiselle, captured and 
 mistaken for the Duchess de Berri, 
 
 V. xxix. 45. 
 
 Leblond, M., arguments of, on election 
 of president, VIII. Ii. 11, 12 et seq. 
 
 Lebon, M., V. xxxiii. 21. 
 
 Lebzeltern, count, II. viii. 130 at the 
 Congress of Verona, II. xii. 11. 
 
 Le Capitole, the organ of the Napoleon- 
 ists, VI. xxxiv. 44. 
 
 Lechnowski, prince, murder of, VIII. 
 liii. 66. 
 
 Lecomte, attempt of, to assassinate Louis 
 Philippe, VII. xlvi. 29. 
 
 Lecourbe, general, evidence of, against 
 Ney, I. iii. 85. 
 
 Ledru-Iiollin, election of, as member of 
 the Deputies, VII. xliv. 64 prosecu- 
 tion and acquittal of, 65 re-election 
 of, 1842, 80 heads the opposition on 
 the i - egency question, S3 refuses to 
 attend the Chateau Rouge banquet, 
 xlvii. 19 violent speech of, at Lille, 
 22 opposes the compromise regard- 
 ing the banquet, 45 declaration of, 
 against the reform procession, 47 
 opposes insurrection, 56 opposes a 
 regency, 73 nominated one of the 
 provisional government, 74, 75 note 
 
 circular of, to the electors, 1S48, 
 VIII. 1. 31 et seq. further measures 
 to sway the elections, 35 attempt 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 170 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Ledru-Rollin', continued. 
 
 of, to revolutionise Belgium, 42 
 new and violent circular of, 47 et 
 seq. dissolution of the Compagnies 
 d'Elite by, 50 a party to the social- 
 ist demonstration, 52 during it, 53, 
 54, 55 intrigues of, 57 conspiracy 
 against, 58 refuses to act with 
 Blanqui, ib. preparations against the 
 revolt, 59 dissensions between, and 
 Lamartine, 61 votes for, 1848, 64 
 note coalition with Lamartine, 67 
 a member of the executive com- 
 mission, ib. note during the revolt 
 of 15th May, 71 implicated in 
 the revolt of June, li. 2 violent 
 banquet speech of, 20 votes for, as 
 president, 29 moves the accusation 
 of Louis Napoleon, lvii. 12 elected to 
 Legislative Assembly, 14 moves the 
 accusation of ministers, 16 his flight, 
 18 avowal of socialist principles by, 
 23. 
 
 Leeds, duke of, master of the horse, IV. 
 xxi. 66 note. 
 
 Leeds, Radical meeting at, 1819, II. x. 
 32 first transference of the members 
 of Grampound to, 63 Protestant 
 meeting at, 1828, IV. xxi. 120 
 motion for giving representation to, 
 1830, xxii. 43 members given to, 
 xxiii. 42 note- violent reform meet- 
 ing at, 104 the elections for 1833 in, 
 V. xxxi. 26 election of 1835 in, VI. 
 xxxv. 19 banquet to Lord Morpeth 
 at, xxxvi. 55 anti-corn-law associa- 
 tion formed at, xxxvii. 70 ratio 
 of mortality in, 1841, VII. xli. 17 
 note distress in, 1841, 19 small 
 proportion of children at school at, 
 81 note. 
 
 Lefebvre, M , III. xvii. 67 note. 
 
 Lefebvre-Lesnouettcs, general, selected 
 for punishment after Waterloo, I. 
 iii. 19 indemnity to, II. ix. 102 note. 
 
 Lefevre, Mr Shaw, elected Speaker, VI. 
 xxxvii. 137 re-election of, as Speaker, 
 xxxviii. 58. 
 
 Lc Flos, general, arrested, VIII. Ivii. 
 48. 
 
 Lel'rege, M., sent as ambassador to 
 Home, VIII. Hi. 114. 
 
 Legal tender clause, the, in the bank 
 charter act, VII. xli. 110. 
 
 Legendre, general, death of, IV. xxvi. 16. 
 
 Leghorn, insurrectionary movement at, 
 1848, VIII. Iii. 2 revolt at, 78 de- 
 clares for a republic, 83 suppression 
 of the revolution in, 104. 
 
 Legion of Honour, re-constitution of the, 
 I. iii. 131. 
 
 Legislative Assembly, the elections for 
 
 The L 
 
 the, VIII. Ivii. 14 meeting of it, 15 
 first proceedings, 16 reject the 
 accusation of the president, 17 
 change of ministry, 20 feeling on it, 
 21 various measures by president, 
 22 new law of electoral rights, 26 
 vote on the civil list, &c, 28 coali- 
 tion against the president, 30 open- 
 ing of new session, 32 rupture with 
 president, 33 violent proceedings, 
 34 hostile vote against him, 35 
 change of ministry, and exhaustion of 
 parties, 36 revision of constitution, 
 38 vote against revision of constitu- 
 tion, and prorogation, 40 state of 
 parties, 41 opening of session, 42 
 motion of the quaestors, 43 its rejec- 
 tion, 44 views of the leaders, 45 
 conspiracy in, 47 its dispersion, ib. 
 
 Legislative power, powers of the States- 
 general of Prussia regarding, V. xxvii. 
 77. 
 
 Legislature, Prussian, by constitution of 
 1848, VIII. liii. 62 by the Germanic 
 constitution of 1848, 78 as regulated 
 by Austrian constitution of 1849, lv. 2. 
 
 Legitimate children, proportion of, to 
 illegitimate in France, III. xvii. 122 
 in Paris, IV. xxv. 421838, VI. 
 xxxiv. 16. 
 
 Legitimists, the, denunciations of La- 
 fayette by, IV. xxv. 16 discontent 
 of, 35 during the elections of 1834, 
 V. xxx. 58 leaders of, in 1837, VI. 
 xxxiv. 2 views of, on the suffrage, 
 1839, 63 tone of, toward the Thiers 
 ministry, 76. 
 
 Legnago, defeat of the Italians near, 
 VIII. Iii. 39. 
 
 Le Gros, the paintings of, III. xviii. 84. 
 
 Leibnitz, as the father of German philo- 
 sophy, V. xxviii. 62. 
 
 Leicester, arrests and executions for 
 high treason at, I. iv. 14 intended 
 rising at, 1817, 15 Protestant meet- 
 ing at, 1828, IV. xxi. 120. 
 
 Leicestershire, additional members for, 
 IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Leiningen, prince of, president of the 
 council under the Archduke John, 
 VIII. liii. 46, 64 speech of, on Ger- 
 man unit}', 70 on the failure of the 
 German revolution, 104 at battle 
 of Komorn, lv. 58. 
 
 Leiningen, count, relief of Arad by, 
 VIII. lv. 9 garrisons Temesvar, 40 
 execution of, 85. 
 
 Leinster, the duke of, VI. xxxviii. 27. 
 
 Leinstcr, state of the peasantry in, II. x. 
 116 Catholics and Protestants in, IV. 
 xx. 25 note statistics of crime in. 
 1S29-33, V. xxxi. 30 note. 
 
 urge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 IXDEX. 
 
 171 
 
 Leipsic, revolutionary disturbances in, 
 1830, IV. xxiv. 84 railway between 
 Magdeburg and, V. xxvii. 67 religious 
 excitement in, 1846, 75 society for 
 liberty of the press at, xxx. 23 revolt 
 in, 1848, VIII. liii. 81. 
 
 Leith, mercantile losses in, on the peace, 
 I. ii. 5 landing of George IV. at, II. 
 x. 153 ratio of mortality in, VII. xliii. 
 93 note. 
 
 Leitrim, agrarian outrages in, 1846, VII. 
 xlii. 74, 76 note. 
 
 Lelewel, a member of the provisional 
 government of Poland, IV. xxvi. 22, 
 
 Le Man, reform banquet at, VII. xliv. 32. 
 
 Lemnos, defeat of the Turkish fleet off, 
 III. xiv. 98. 
 
 Lenormand,* mademoiselle, at the Con- 
 gress of Aix-la-Chapelle, I. vi. 62. 
 
 Leominster, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Leon, isle of, force collected in the, for 
 South America, II. vii. 53 causes of 
 the revolt there, 55 its first outbreak, 
 57 at first arrested, 58 ravages of 
 yellow fever among the troops in, 61 
 the army in, broken up, 87 recep- 
 tion of the decree against the priests 
 in, 89. 
 
 Leonora, Burger's, V. xxviii. 34. 
 
 Leopol, privilege of holding lands per- 
 mitted to burghers of, VII. xlvi. 
 15. 
 
 Leopold, Prince, marriage of the Princess 
 Charlotte to, I. ii. 60 the throne of 
 Greece offered to, III. xiv. 143 re- 
 fuses it, V. xxxii. 35 proposed as 
 King of Belgium, IV. xxv. 24 elected 
 to that crown, 64 efforts of, to se- 
 cure Luxembourg, 68 further de- 
 mands and negotiations, and Holland 
 declares war, 69 forces under, 70 
 his defeat, 71 marriage of, to the 
 Princess Louise Marie, xxix. 82 
 reasons for desiring peace, 95 treaty 
 with Holland, 96 abandonment of 
 the barrier treaty, 97 recognition of, 
 agreed to at Congress of Muntz-Graetz, 
 xxx. 26 acceptance of the treaty of 
 London by, VI. xxxiv. 22 warlike 
 measures forced by the republicans on 
 him, 23 attempt of the French revo- 
 lutionists to overthrow, 184S, viii. 1. 42 
 proceedings of, on the French re- 
 volution of 1848, liii. 17. 
 
 Leopold, prince of Saxe-Coburg, a candi- 
 date for the hand of Queen Isabella, 
 VII. xlvi. 40 arrangements regarding 
 him, 41 her hand offered to him by 
 the queen-regent, 42. 
 
 Leopold, grand- duke of Tuscan)', liberal 
 movement of, VII. xlvi. 69. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Leopoldstadt, capture of, by the Austri- 
 ans, VIII. lv. 8. 
 
 Lepanto, defeat of Turkish garrison of, 
 HI. xiv. 149 captured by the Greeks, 
 xv. 141. 
 
 Lerida, ravages of yellow fever in, II. xi. 
 43. 
 
 Lcrma, defeat of the royalists at, II. xi. 
 76. 
 
 Lerminier, change of views by, VI. xxxiv. 
 12. 
 
 Leroux, Pierre, appointed by mob to 
 provisional government, VIII. 1. 73 
 returned to Assembly, 77 opposes the 
 constitution of 1848, li. 16. 
 
 Los Martyrs, Chateaubriand's, II. xi. 6 
 note, III. xviii. 8. 
 
 Lesio, captain, revolutionary movement 
 of, at Turin, II. vii. 119. 
 
 Leslie, captain, the artillery under, at 
 Hykulzie, VIII. xlviii. 78 artillery 
 under, xlix. 20 at Hyderabad, 24. 
 
 Lesmaiscons, M. Humbert de, I. iii. 67. 
 
 Lessing, the works of, V. xxviii. 7. 
 
 Le Temps, attacks of, on the Polignac 
 ministry, III. xvii. 6. 
 
 Lethbridge, Sir Thomas, arguments of, 
 for repeal of the corn laws, IV. xxi. 34. 
 
 Letters, increase of, under the new post- 
 age system, VI. xxxviii. 19 and note 
 the charge against Sir James Graham 
 of opening, VII. xlii. 31. 
 
 Leuchtenberg, the duke of (the son of 
 Napoleon), IV. xxiv. 9 a candidate 
 for the crown of Belgium, xxv. 20 
 declaration of France against, 21, 24. 
 
 Levant, the, trade of Greece in, III. xiv. 
 2 recall of the French fleet from, V. 
 xxxii. 68 withdrawal of the French 
 fleet from, VI. xxxiv. 100. 
 
 Lcvassier, general, suppresses the revolt 
 after the coup d'etat, VIII. lvii. 51. 
 
 Levis, duke de, fidelity of, to Charles X., 
 III. xvii. 95. 
 
 L'Homme Libre newspaper, the, 1839, 
 VI. xxxiv. 40. 
 
 Liancourt, the duke of, a member of the 
 Council of Agriculture, II. ix. 7. 
 
 Liber Studiorurn and Veritatis, the, I. v. 
 90. 
 
 Liberals, majority obtained by the, in 
 the Canadian Assembly, VI. xxxvii. 
 111. 
 
 Liberals, the French, conspiracy of, I. iii. 
 123 their outbreak at Grenoble, 124 
 efforts of, in the elections of 1815, 
 vi. 4 their majority, 5 their triumph 
 in the elections of 1817, 42 their 
 measures and views in 1817, 44 their 
 gains by the elections of 1818, 75 
 their general promotion, 82 their 
 ascendancy in 1818, 97 their increas- 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 172 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Liberals, the French, continued. 
 
 ing demands, II. ix. 6 their increas- 
 ing strength, 9 their gains by the 
 elections of 1819, 17 their designs in 
 Paris, 1819, 27 their opposition to 
 the proposed new electoral law, 30 
 their position in the Deputies after 
 the fall of Decazes, 50 their efforts 
 to seduce the army, 61 their proceed- 
 ings on the new electoral law, 73 
 support of the Paris rioters by them, 
 77 their efforts to rouse conspiracy 
 in the army, 80 their excitement, 
 
 1820, 90 their vehemence against 
 the Richelieu ministry, 105 their 
 views on the Spanish revolution, xi. 1. 
 oppose the new law regarding the 
 press, 15 losses by elections of 
 
 1821, 25 their indignation on the 
 murder of Landabura, 63 their re- 
 joicings on the success of the Spanish 
 revolutionists, xii. 1 oppose the ex- 
 pulsion of Manuel from the Deputies, 
 60 efforts of, to sow disaffection in 
 the army, 62 losses by elections of 
 1824, 108 their measures to make 
 head against the church party, III. xvi. 
 70 their triumph in the elections for 
 Paris, 1827, 71 coalition between 
 them and the royalists against Martig- 
 nac, 87 their preparations against 
 the Polignac ministry, xvii. 6 their 
 gains by the elections of 1830, 
 51 meeting of them before the 
 insurrection, 67 proceediugs of their 
 chiefs, and formation of provisional 
 government, 74 meeting of them at 
 Lafitte's, 7S their decisive resolution, 
 79 attempt to form a ministry from 
 them under Charles X., 86 their 
 views during the Restoration, 102 
 error of the government in not arrest- 
 ing their leaders, 105 various ordon- 
 nances issued by them, 1 '.',5 law 
 against the Bourbons proposed by 
 them, IV. xxv. 87 their continued 
 efforts for the destruction of the here- 
 ditary peerage, 104 their opposition 
 to the fortification of Paris, V. xxx. 16 
 on the failure of the revolution of 
 1830, 61 opposed to occupation of 
 Algeria, VI. xxxiv. 1 their views on 
 the suffrage, 1839, 63 and as to the 
 government of the executive, 64 
 their efforts to discredit the govern- 
 ment, VII. xliv. 16 their violence on 
 the Tahiti affair, xlvi. 2, 4 use made 
 of the government abuses, &c. by them, 
 xlvii. 15 coalition of, with the re- 
 publicans, 1847, 18--their efforts to 
 keep back the socialists, 22 their de- 
 feat on the addrebs, 40 resolve on a 
 
 The L 
 
 banquet, 41 compromise agreed to, 
 44 difficulties regarding procession, 
 46 the chiefs decide against it, 47 
 their forces, 49. 
 Liberals, the, Great Britain, different 
 objects contended for by, and in 
 France, II. x. 1 their increasing 
 strength in the cabinet, III. xix. 
 17 measures introduced by them 
 there, 18 Catholic emancipation 
 urged as the remedy for Ireland 
 by them, IV. xx. 17 their predictions 
 as to its results, xxi. 160 their charge 
 against emancipation as too late, 166 
 their gains by the elections of 1830, 
 xxii. 57 their error in forcing on re- 
 form, xxiii. 142 their error in the uni- 
 form representation in the boroughs, 
 
 143 their mistake as to the influ- 
 ence predominant in the boroughs, 
 
 144 their faults in the way the 
 reform bill was carried, 156 and in 
 connection with it, 159 power in 
 their hands, after the reform bill, V. 
 xxxi. 3 their conduct with regard to 
 pledges, 25 their gains in the elec- 
 tions of 1833, 26 their declarations 
 and movements' on Irish church 
 question, 135 junction of, with 
 Catholics in Ireland against Peel, VI. 
 xxxv. 21 their resistance to an Irish 
 poor-law, .xxxvi. 46 distinction be- 
 tween them and the Whigs, xxxviii. 
 59 attack on the navigation laws by 
 them, 1S47, VII. xliii. 85 then- 
 gains by elections of 1847, 98. See 
 also Whigs. 
 
 Liberals, the Italian, struggle of Gregory 
 XVI. against, VII. xlvi. 61 gene- 
 ral concourse of, at Rome, 68 de- 
 claration of Pius IX. against them, 
 71 counsels of Ilossi to them, 82 
 their transports on the publication of 
 the constitution in Naples, 86 credu- 
 lity of Lord Palmerston to, 8S their 
 excitement in the beginning of 1848, 
 VIII. lii. 1. 
 
 Liberals, ministry from the, in Prussia, 
 VIII. liii. 24 -and in Bavaria, 26. 
 
 Liberals, the Spanish, formation of secret 
 societies by, II. vii. 38 arbitrary 
 sentences pronounced on them, 40 
 their efforts to gain the troops in the 
 Isle of Leon, 56 -their majority in 
 the Cortes of 1820, S4 their objects 
 in altering the order of the succession, 
 IV. xxiv. 89. 
 
 Liberals, the Swiss, objects, &c. of, VII. 
 xlvi. 89. 
 
 Liberal Conservatives, the new school 
 of, NIL xliii. 2 course taken by, on 
 the slave-sugar question, 16. 
 
 uv'jc Roman numerals refer to (he Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 173 
 
 Liberal institutions, causes of the re- 
 action against, in France, II. ix. 112 
 passion for, caused by the war of 
 liberation in Germany, V. xxvii. 13 
 general expectation of them, 14 
 promises of them by the government, 
 15 delay in fulfilling these, 16. 
 
 Liberal journals, the, punishment of their 
 editors, &c. in Spain, II. vii. 37 their 
 circulation in France, III. xvii. 19 
 note the French, 120. 
 
 Liberal press, prosecutions of the, under 
 Charles X:, III. xvi. 37 denunciations 
 of Gasimir Perier by, IV. xxv. 51 
 tone, &c. of, in England, 1835, VI. 
 xxxv. 18. 
 
 Liberalism, spread of, among the higher 
 classes in Great Britain, I. v. 110 
 England now the leader of, IV. xxiii. 
 120 measures of the Germanic Diet 
 to check, V. xxvii. 21. 
 
 Liberte, secret society called, V. xxx. 
 42 note. 
 
 Liberty, injury done to, by the Spanish 
 revolution, II. xii. 126 the desire of, 
 not the spring of the revolution, III. 
 xvii. 117 effect of the act of the 
 Germanic confederacy on, V. xxvii. 
 34 effects of class government on, 
 xxx. 62 passion for, in Prussia, VIII. 
 liii. 4. See also Freedom. 
 
 Liberty of the press, the, proposed new 
 law regarding, in France, I. vi. 19, 20 
 it is carried, 24 law regarding, 
 1818, 55 it is thrown out, ib. new 
 restrictions on, in France, II. xi. 14 
 law against, in France, III. xvi. 57 
 et seq. ordonnance suspending, xvii. 
 58 union for, in Germany, V. xxx. 
 23. -See also Press. 
 
 Libzeltern, count, II. viii. 130, xii. 
 11. 
 
 Lichnowsky, count, repulse of, at Rivoli, 
 VIII. lii."65. 
 
 Lichtcnstein, pi-ince, relieves Ferrara, 
 VIII. lii. 64 at Custoza, 67 at 
 Valeggio, 71 defeated at Volta, 72 
 occupies Modena, 77 at Schwechat, 
 liv. 71, 72 at Temesvar, lv. 74. 
 
 Lichtenstein, representation of, in the 
 Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note population and 
 military contingent, 5 note. 
 
 Liddell, Mr, opposes Mr Ricardo's mo- 
 tion on the navigation laws, 1847, 
 VII. xliii. 85. 
 
 Lieder ohne Worte, Mendelssohn's, V. 
 xxviii. 85. 
 
 Liege, outbreak of the revolt in, IV. 
 xxiv. 73 disorders and pillage in, 77 
 succours to Brussels from, 79. 
 
 Liefkenshoek, fort of, V. xxix. 92. 
 
 Lieven, prince, II. viii. 123 at Aix-la- 
 
 Chapelle, I. vi. 61 convention re- 
 garding Greece arranged by, III. xiv. 
 144. 
 
 Lieven, the princess, at the Congress of 
 Aix-la-Chapelle, I. vi. 62. 
 
 Life preservation bill for Ireland, intro- 
 duction of the, VII. xlii. 69 passed 
 in the Lords, 70 its progress in the 
 Commons, 72 arguments for it, 73 
 et seq. and against, 77 is thrown 
 out, 81. 
 
 Light horse, the Turkish, former value 
 of, III. xiii. 45 effects of their trans- 
 ference to Russia, 46. 
 
 Lighthouses, grant for, in France, 18^3, 
 
 V. xxx. 18 and note. 
 
 Lille, reform banquet at, VII. xliv. 32 
 railway to, 43 resistance to the new 
 valuation in, 61, G3 Ledru-Rollin at, 
 xl-vii. 22 suspension of cash pay- 
 ments by bank of, VIII. 1. 26 reac- 
 tionary meeting at, lvii. 10. 
 
 Lillo, fort of, V. xxix. 92. 
 
 Lima, fate of the first expedition to, II. 
 vii. 53. 
 
 Limanski, general, death of, III. xv. 
 59. 
 
 Limburg, holds out for Holland, IV. 
 xxiv. 80 cession of, demanded by 
 Belgium, xxv. 65 proposed settle- 
 ment of, 75 still held by the Bel- 
 gians in defiance- of the treaty, 1838, 
 
 VI. xxxiv. 22. 
 
 Limerick, the assizes of 1822 in, II. x. 
 121 the famine of 1823 in, 122 note 
 increase of, since the Union, V. 
 xxxi. 124 note proposed reform of 
 corporation of, VI. xxxvi. 33 foun- 
 dation of secular college of, VII. xlii. 
 22 agrarian outrages in, 1S46, 
 74, 76 note increase of crime in, 
 1847, xliii. 97 and note defensive 
 measures of government at, 1848, 
 138. 
 
 Limited liability, companies on princi- 
 ple of, in France, VI. xxxiv. 7. 
 
 Limited service, motion on introducing 
 into the army, VII. xliii. 23 its sub- 
 sequent introduction and working, 
 24, 94 et seq. 
 
 Limoges, reform banquet at, VII. xliv. 
 32 ardour of the Radicals at, xlvii. 
 22 disorders at, 1848, VIII. 1. 62. 
 
 Lin, viceroy, appointment of, and his 
 violent proceedings at Canton, VIII. 
 xlviii. 23 recall of, 27. 
 
 Linange, general, VIII. lv. 36. 
 
 Lincoln, earl of, chief commissioner of 
 woods and forests, 1841, VII. xii. 14 
 note. 
 
 Lincolnshire, additional members for, 
 IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 174 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Linens, increased export of, from Eng- 
 land, 1822, III. xix. 9 foreign, re- 
 duction of duties on, 1825, 76. 
 
 Lingard, the historical works of, I. v. 
 53, 54. 
 
 Linois, admiral, trial and acquittal of, I. 
 iii. 106. 
 
 Linseed, consumption of, in England, 
 1822-5, III. xix. 64 note. 
 
 Liutz, death of Fouche at, I. iii. 40. 
 
 Lisbon, the government at, after removal 
 of the royal family to Brazil, II. vii. 
 25 revolution at, 1820, 96 estab- 
 lishment of joint regency at, 97 junta 
 of, moderate measures advocated by, 
 99 prices of wheat at, 1817 and 1819, 
 x. 17 note landing of the British ex- 
 pedition at, IV. xxi. 54 intervention 
 of the French fleet at, xxv. 76. 
 
 Liskeard, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Liston, the comedian, I. v. 105. 
 
 Literary men, Napoleon's estimate of, 
 V. xxx. 55. 
 
 Literary property, Lord Mahon's act 
 for securing, VII. xli. 62 debate on, 
 in France, 1841, xliv. 57. 
 
 Literature, impulse given to, by the 
 war, I. v. 1 brilliant eras in, which 
 succeed times of public danger, 6 
 invariable characteristics of early, V. 
 xxviii. 4 extension of the dangers 
 of, VII. xli. 64. 
 
 Literatui-e of France, effects of the re- 
 volution on the, III. xviii. 1 its dis- 
 tinguishing features, 2 antagonism 
 between the opposite schools, 3 
 character of the romantic school, 4 
 character of works of imagination, 5 
 the drama, its corrupt character, 6 
 leading authors, Chateaubriand, 7 
 Madame de Stael,14 Guizot, 18 
 Lamartine, 23 Sismondi, 27 Au- 
 gusts and Amade'e Thierry, 30 
 Michaud, 32 Barante, 33 Salvandy, 
 34 Thiers, 35 Lacretelle, 3S Cape- 
 Ague, 39 Michelet, 40 military his- 
 tories and memoirs, 41 Napoleon, 42 
 Jomini, 45 Mathieu Dumas, 46 
 General Belet, 47- Count Segur, 48 
 Baron Fain, 49 memoirs during the 
 Revolution, 50 Bourrienne, 51 
 Luchesse d'Abrantes, 52 Chateaubri- 
 and and Lamartine as memoir writers, 
 53 Cousin, 54 Laiuenais, 55 Ville- 
 main, 56 Guinguene, 57 de Tocque- 
 ville, 5S Cuvier, 00 Humboldt, 61 
 decline of poets, 63 the Abbe 
 Delille, 64 Bdranger, 05 Paul Cou- 
 rier, 66 decline of the drama, 67 
 causes of this, 68 romance writers, 
 69 Victor Hugo, 70 George Sand, 
 
 The L 
 
 71 Eugene Sue, 72 periodical liter- 
 ature, 73 different class of writers in 
 daily press in France and England, 
 74 causes of this, 75 the stage 
 Talma, 78 Mademoiselle Georges, 79 
 Mademoiselle Mars, 80 Rachel, 81 
 architecture of Paris, 82 modern 
 school of painting, 83- Le Gros, 84 
 Vernet, 85 Villemain's History of the, 
 56 effect of the passion for gain on, 
 VI. xxxiv. 12. 
 Literature of Germany, importance of, 
 during early part of the century, V. 
 xxviii. 1 it the index to general opin- 
 ion, 2 cause of its romantic charac- 
 ter, 3 its dawn, 4 causes of its back- 
 wardness, 5 science and learning 
 before the middle of eighteenth cen- 
 tury, 6 Lessing and Winkelman, 7 
 Wieland, 8 Goethe, 10 Schiller, 17 
 Klopstock, 22 Oehlenschlager, 24 
 
 Grillparzer, 26 Kotzebue, 27 
 Werner, 28 defects of its comedy, 
 29 Tieck, 31 Korner, 32 Burger, 
 34 Freiligrath, 35 Uhland, 36 
 Ruckhart, 37 Redwitz, 38 Kinkel, 
 39 character of its prose, 40 and 
 causes of this, 4 1 , 42 Niebuhr, 43 
 Heeren, 44 Miiller, 45 Von Ham- 
 mer, 46 Herder, 47 Schlosser, 48 
 
 Ranke, 49 Schlegel, 50 the Arch- 
 duke Charles, 51 Clausewitz, 52 
 Bartholdy, Varnhagen von Ense, and 
 Stein, 53 autobiographies, 54 those 
 of Goethe, Oehlenschlager,. and xVnder- 
 sen, 55 character of romances, 56 
 the philosophic novelists, 57 Coun- 
 tess Hahn-Hahn, 58 Haklandei 1 , 59 
 Andersen, 60 Jean Paul Richter, 
 61 the philosophic school, 62 Kant, 
 03, Fichte and Schelliug, 64 F. 
 Schlegel, 65 Jacobi, 66 religious 
 character of, 67 reaction against 
 this rationalism, 68 Strauss, 69 
 reflections on it, 71 its general char- 
 acter, 72 its romantic and sentimen- 
 tal character, 73 circumstances which 
 gave it its peculiar character, 92. 
 
 Literature of Great Britain, impulse 
 given to, after the war, I. v. 1 causes 
 of this, 2 sketch of it Sir Walter 
 Scott, 7 et scq. Lord Byron, 11 et 
 scq. Moore, 14 et scq. Campbell, 16 
 it scq. Rogers, lb Southey, 19 et 
 scq. Wordsworth, 21 et scq. Cole- 
 ridge and Shelley, 23 Mrs Hemaus, 
 24-Crabbe, 25 -Joanna Baillie, 20 
 Tennyson, 27 prose writers, 28 
 Dugald Stewart, 29 Dr Thomas 
 Brown, 31 Paley, 32 Hamilton, 33 
 
 Malthus, 34 et scq. Ricardo, 
 M'Culloch, Senior, and Mill, 38 
 
 arge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 17c 
 
 Davy. Brunei, Telford, Rennie, Ste- 
 phenson, 39 Herschel, Playfair, 
 DTsraeli, Alison, 40 Buckland, Sedge- 
 wick, Lyell, Brewster, 41 the re- 
 views and essays, 42 Edinburgh and 
 Quarterly Reviews, and Blackwood's 
 Magazine, 43 Jeffrey, 44 Brougham, 
 45 Mackintosh, 46 Sydney Smith, 
 47 Macaulay, 48 Lockhart, 49 
 Wilson, 50 Hallam, 51 Sharon 
 Turner and Palgrave, 52 Lingard, 
 53 et seq.- Tytler, 55 et seq. Napier, 
 57 Lord Mahon, 58 Macaulay's 
 history, 59 Miss Strickland, 60 
 Miss Martineau, 61 Lord Campbell, 
 62 Mitford, 63 Grote, 64 Thirl- 
 wall, 65 Arnold, 66 Mill, 67 Miss 
 Edgeworth, 69 G. P. R. James, 70 
 Bulwer Lytton, 71 Disraeli, 73 
 Dickens, 74 Thackeray, 75 Miss 
 Austen and Miss Sinclair, 76 Mrs 
 Norton, 77 Warren, 78 Carlyle, 79 
 Croly, 80 Hazlitt, 81 Bentham, 
 82 Sir J. Sinclair, 83 Chalmers, 84 
 Monkton Milnes and Aytoun, 85 
 L. E. L., Warburton, &c, 86 archi- 
 tecture, 87 et seq. Lawrence, 89 
 Turner, 90 Fielding, Williams, 
 Thomson, 91 Grant, Pickersgill, &c, 
 92 Landseer, 93 Wilkie, 94 Mar- 
 tin, 95 Danby, 96 Chantrey, 97 
 Flaxman, 98 Gibson, 99 Marochetti, 
 100 Mrs Siddons, 101 John Kem- 
 ble, 102 Fanny Kemble, 103 Miss 
 O'Neil, 104 Keau, 105 Helen 
 Faucit, 106. 
 
 Lithuania, acquisition of, by Russia, IV. 
 xxvi. 6 originally a province of Po- 
 land, 7 demands of the Poles regard- 
 ing, 27 statistics of, 44 insurrection 
 in, and its suppression, 71 invaded by 
 Chlapowski, 73 insurrection in, and 
 its first successes, 80 the peasants of, 
 take part with Russia, 1848, VIII. 
 liii. 49. 
 
 Littler, general Sir John, at Maharajpore, 
 VIII. xlix. 38, 39 commands at Fero- 
 zepore, 59 junction with Gough, 66 
 at Ferozeshah, 68. 
 
 Littleport, occupation of, by the Ely 
 rioters, II. x. 33. 
 
 Littleton, Mr, on the tithe arrears, V. 
 xxxi. 22. 
 
 Liturgy, omission of the queen's name 
 in the, II. x. 79. 
 
 Live stock, alarm excited by new tariff 
 on, VII. xli. 55 foreign, proposed 
 abolition of duty on, xlii. 49. 
 
 Liverpool, lord, arguments of, for con- 
 tinuance of the income tax, I. ii. 
 16 speech of, on the budget, 1816, 
 28 arguments of, on agricultural dis- 
 
 tress, 1816, 41 against the resump- 
 tion of cash payments in 1816, 50 
 reflections on his views, 53 for the 
 foreign enlistment bill, iv. 96 et seq. 
 on the position of the ministry in 
 1819, II. x. 21 note speech of, 
 in 1820, on free trade, 65 terms 
 proposed to, regarding the queen, 78 
 introduces the bill of pains and 
 penalties, 83 at the trial of the 
 queen, 84 withdraws the bill against 
 the queen, 87 firmness of, after the 
 acquittal of the queen, 90 early con- 
 nection of Canning with, xi. 3 note 
 on the Spanish war, xii. 67 in favour 
 of the bills for enfranchising the Eng- 
 lish Catholics, IV. xx. 28 arguments 
 of, for suppression of small notes, xxi. 
 5 illness and retirement of, 60 his 
 character, and its adaptation to the 
 times, 61 the death of, 76 his views 
 on the corn laws adopted by Peel, 
 VII. xli. 5. 
 
 Liverpool, insurrection planned in, I. iv. 
 12 statistics of church accommoda- 
 tion in, 44 note imports into, 1817, 
 &c. 68 Radical meeting at, 1819, II. 
 x. 32 rejoicings in, on the acquittal 
 of the queen, 88 Canning's speeches 
 at, xi. 3 note influence of the mer- 
 chants, &c. of, with Canning, xii. 9 
 speculation in, 1825, iv. xxi. 13 
 petition for government assistance 
 from, 1826, 23 election of 1830 for, 
 xxii. 57 funeral of Huskisson at, 61 
 the elections of 1831 for, xxiii. 68 
 reform meeting at, 85 violent reform 
 meeting at, 104 ratio of infant mor- 
 tality in, V. xxix. 6 ravages of cholera 
 in, xxxi. 9 the elections for 1833 in, 
 26 importance of the slave trade to, 
 76 elections of 1835 in, VI. xxxv. 19 
 provisions of the municipal reform bill 
 regarding, xxxvi. 7 anti-corn-law 
 association formed at, xxxvii. 70 
 annual increase of, VII. xlii. 9 Irish 
 immigration into, during the famine, 
 xliii. 45 discount in, during panic of 
 1847, 75 large infant mortality in, 87 
 failure of royal and other banks in, 
 1847, 101 reception of deputation 
 from, on bank charter act, 1847, 102 
 the bankruptcies in, during 1847, 114 
 vast influx of destitute Irish into, 
 and its effects, 119 high rate of in- 
 fant mortality in, 157. 
 
 Livonia, enfranchisement of the serfs of, 
 II. viii. 65 the acquisition of, by 
 Russia, III. xiii. 68. 
 
 Llovd, major, at Meanee, VIII. xlix. 15, 
 17. 
 
 Loans, amount of, 1817, I. iv. 171819, 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to (he Paragraph.
 
 1<7G 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Loans, continued. 
 
 81 amount of, to South America, 
 and losses by them, 106 difficulty of, 
 in France in 1817, vi. 31 the French, 
 for 1818, 58 continental, and their 
 results in 1817 and 1818, II. x. 18 
 the Spanish, 1822, contracted in Lon- 
 don, xi. 53 extent of, to South 
 America and Spain, xii. 7 Russian, 
 1828, III. xv. 48 proposed, in France, 
 1831, IV. xxv. 36 French, 1832, V. 
 xxix. 81 France, 1833, xxx. 19 rates 
 of interest on, during the war, VI. 
 xxxv. 8 East Indian, 1821, 1825, xl. 
 2 British, 1841, VII. xli. 26 1847, 
 xliii. 70 foreign, from British capital- 
 ists, 18-17, 99 French, 1841, xliv. 5 
 1840, 451847, xlvii. 71848, VIII. 
 1. 78, li. 1. 
 
 Loan offices, establishment of, in France, 
 VIII. 1. 26. 
 
 Lobau, count, III. xvii. 67 note, 74 note 
 signs dethronement of the king, 87 
 at the Hotel de Ville, IV. xxiv. 23 
 opposed to the Duke of Orleans, 29 
 reception of, in Prussia as ambassador 
 from Louis Philippe, 50. 
 
 Local purposes act for Ireland, expendi- 
 ture under the, VII. xliii. 44 note. 
 
 Locard, M., arrest ef Ney by, I. iii. 83. 
 
 Loch, captain, defeat of, in Burmah, 
 VIII. xlix. 118. 
 
 Lock Hospital, Dublin, grant to the, IV. 
 xx. 5 note. 
 
 Lockhart, J. G., as editor of the Quarter- 
 ly, &c, I. v. 49. 
 
 Logge, sergeant, at the arrest of the 
 Cato Street conspirators, II. x. 47. 
 
 Logotheti, operations of, off Chios, III. 
 xiv. CO. 
 
 Lointiers', meeting of the republicans at, 
 IV. xxiv. 21 efforts of the republi- 
 cans at, against Louis Philippe, 41. 
 
 Loire, army of the, in 1815, I. iii. 23 
 its submission, 24 disbanded, 25. 
 
 Loire-Inferieurc, department of, declared 
 in state of siege, V. xxix. 50. 
 
 Lola Montes, expulsion of, from Bavaria, 
 VIII. liii. 21, 26. 
 
 Lombard, M., a partisan of Louis Na- 
 poleon's, V. xxxiii. 81. 
 
 Loinbardy, the revolt of, in 1848, I. i. 
 19 its suppression, 21 revolutionary 
 excitement in, 1830, IV. xxiv. 87 
 feeling in, on the war, VIII. Iii. 8 in- 
 surrection in Milan, and expulsion of 
 the Austrinns, 9 ct seq. crown of, re- 
 fused by Charles Albert, 48 con- 
 ditions of armistice regarding, 98 its 
 separation had been agreed to by 
 Austria, 121. 
 
 London, the bishop of, IV. xxi. 57 
 
 The 
 
 votes for the reform bill, xxiii. 105 
 at Wellington's funeral, VIII. lvi. 79. 
 London, mercantile losses in, on the 
 peace, I. ii. 5 the Common Council of, 
 their address in 1816, 66 statistics of 
 church accommodation in,iv. 44 note- 
 petition from, against the resumption 
 of cash payments, 61 recent archi- 
 tectural embellishments of, v. 87 - 
 Common Council of, petition of the, on 
 the Manchester massacre, II. x. 32 
 free trade petition from the mer- 
 chants of, 64 enthusiastic reception 
 of the queen in, 82 rejoicings in, on 
 the acquittal of the queen, 88 news- 
 papers published in, 1782, 1790, and 
 1821, 126 note Spanish loan con- 
 tracted in, 1822, xi. 53 proportion of 
 natural children in, III. xvii. 122 
 wages in, compared with Paris, 132 
 Chateaubriand's residence in, xviii. 7 
 merchants of, their petition in favour 
 of free trade, xix. 37 ct seq. joint- 
 stock companies for improvements in, 
 1825, 66 note alleged over-specula- 
 tion in, 1825, IV. xxi. 13 election of 
 1830 for, xxii. 57 influence of the 
 railway system on the markets of, 64 
 and undue influence given to it, 66 
 postponement of the king's visit to, 
 76 consternation caused by it, 77 
 Brougham's speech on it, 79 ad- 
 ditional members for, xxiii. 42 the 
 merchants' and bankers' petition 
 against the reform bill, 5G illumina- 
 tion in, on dissolution of parliament, 
 1831, 66 riots in, 67 the elections 
 of 1831 for, 08 illumination in, on 
 the passing of the reform bill, 77 
 disorders in, on the rejection of the 
 bill by the Peers, 83 ratio of infant 
 mortality in, V. xxix. 6 Polish com- 
 mittee at, xxx. 22 attack on the 
 Duke of Wellington in, xxxi. 2 deaths 
 from cholera in, 9 introduction of 
 system of delegation in, 25 the elec- 
 tions for 1833 in, 26 Radical agitation 
 in, 1833, 62 fresh protocol regarding 
 Belgium signed at, VI. xxxiv. 26 the 
 elections of 1835 in, xxxv. 19 exemp- 
 tion of, from municipal reform bill, 7 
 banquet to Mr Hume and Mr Byng in, 
 1S36, 55 auti-corn-law association 
 formed at, xxxvii. 70 the coronation 
 of Queen Victoria in, xxxviii. 2 the 
 elections of 1841 for, 57 and Eastern 
 Bank, the, xxxix. 31 note rates of 
 mortality in, 1841, VII. xli. 17 note 
 defencelessness of, from invasion, 1841, 
 18 reception of the proposed income 
 tax in, 49 fall in butcher-meat on 
 the new tariff, 1842, 55 visit of the 
 
 T.ar'jc Roman nuuierals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 177 
 
 Emperor Nicholas to, 119 annual in- 
 crease of population in, xlii. 9 Lord 
 John Russell's letter to electors of, on 
 the corn laws, 41 et seq. state of, 
 during panic of 1847, discount in, &c, 
 xliii. 73, 75 disturbances in, 1848, 
 130 the Chartist movement of the 
 10th April, and its failure, 131 et seq. 
 renewed agitation of the Chartists in, 
 137 arrest, &c. of the leaders, ib. 
 high rate of mortality in, 157 con- 
 ference at, on the Schleswig question, 
 VIII. liii. 40 the funeral of the Duke 
 of Wellington, lvi. 75 et seq. 
 
 London bankers, pressure on the, and its 
 causes, 1825, IV. xxi. 14 meeting 
 and resolution of the, 1847, which 
 compels suspension of the bank char- 
 ter act, VII. xliii. 102 and note. 
 
 London Bridge, the architecture of, I. v. 87. 
 
 London congress, the, their right course 
 regarding Holland and Belgium, IV. 
 xxv. 61 declaration of, regarding 
 Luxembourg, 67 further negotia- 
 tions, and deviation from the act of 
 separation, 69, 70 resolution of, re- 
 garding intervention in Belgium, 74 
 final arrangements proposed, 75 its 
 practical breaking up, V. xxix. 85. 
 
 London merchants, resolutions of the, 
 on the crash of 1825, III. xix. 81. 
 
 Loudon press, hostility of, to the Mel- 
 bourne ministry, V. xxxi. 159. 
 
 London University, motion on, 1835, 
 VI. xxxv. 30. 
 
 London and Birmingham Railway, parlia- 
 mentary expenses of, VII. xlii. 5 note. 
 
 London and North-Western Railway, fall 
 in shares of, 1846-52, VII. xliii. 120 note. 
 
 London and South- Western Railway, par- 
 liamentary expenses of, VII. xlii. 5 note. 
 
 Londonderry, Castlereagh becomes mar- 
 quess of, II. x. 108. See Castlereagh. 
 
 Londonderry, the marquess of, IV. xxiii. 
 65 at the Congress of Verona, II. xii. 
 11 attack on, by the London mob, 
 IV. xxiii. 83 debate on his appoint- 
 ment as ambassador to St Petersburg, 
 VI. xxxv. 28 he resigns the appoiut- 
 ment, 29 president of the council, 
 
 1846, VII. xliii. 4 note opposes the 
 limited service system, 95 repre- 
 sentations by, on bank charter act, 
 
 1847, 102 efforts of, on behalf of 
 Abd-el-Kadr, xlv. 45 at Wellington's 
 funeral, VIII. lvi. 78, 79 note. 
 
 Londonderrv, speech of Mr Dawson at, 
 
 IV. xxi. 124. 
 Longa, general, exiled from Madrid, II. 
 
 xi. 70. 
 Longevity, cases of, among negroes, V. 
 
 xxxi. 77. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Longford, effects of the coercion act in, 
 V. xxxi. 44 note. 
 
 Lonsdale, earl of, president of council, 
 1852, VIII. lvi. 64 note. 
 
 Loodiana, escape of Shah Soojah to, VI. 
 xl. 36 preparations, &c. of Hardinge 
 at, VIII. xlix. 57. 
 
 Looe, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Lope de Vega, the comedies of, V. xxviii. 
 29. 
 
 Lopez-Ballasteros, Don Luis, minister 
 of finance, II. xii. 95 note. 
 
 Lopez-Banos, general, defeat of Quesada 
 by, II. xi. 60 becomes minister-at- 
 war, 69 defeat of Quesada by, 73 
 pillage of Seville by, xii. 79. 
 
 Lord, Dr, death of, VI. xl. 92. 
 
 Lord-lieutenant of Ireland, trials for 
 attack on the, 1823, IV. xx. 19. 
 
 Lord Mayor, the, at the Spafield riots, I. 
 ii. 67. 
 
 Lords, the House of, trial of the queen 
 before, II. x. 84 motion on Catholic 
 emancipation thrown out by, 97 
 proposed admission of Catholics to, 
 124 increase of appeal cases to, IV. 
 xx. 32 note rejection of Catholic bill 
 of 1825 by, 44 majority in, for sup- 
 pression of small notes, xxi. 16 
 hostility in, to the Canning ministry, 
 68 rejection of new corn bill in, 1827, 
 79 debate on repeal of test act, 108 
 discussion on Catholic bill, 148 
 majority for it, 149 debate on the 
 national distress in, 1830, xxii. 21 et seq. 
 scene in, on the proposed dissolu- 
 tion, 1831, xxiii. 65 efforts to in- 
 timidate, on the reform bill, 78 Eail 
 Grey's speech, 79 bill thrown out, 
 81 creation of, resolved on by the 
 cabinet, 101 and at last agreed to 
 by the king, 102 secret negotiations 
 with the waverers, 103 revolutionary 
 meetings to coerce them, 104 
 majority for second reading, 105 and 
 for Lox'd Lyndhurst's amendment, 106 
 ministers demand authority for crea- 
 tion of them, 107 permission given 
 for creation of, 112 the Opposition 
 withdraw till the bill is passed, 113 
 passing of it, 115 position of House 
 of, under the old constitution of Eng- 
 land, 123 the threat of the liberals 
 to swamp, 156 danger of coercing 
 them, 157 prudence of the with- 
 drawal of the opposition ones, 158 
 character of the debates in, xxv. 
 106 passing of the Irish coercion 
 bill in, V. xxxi. 42 opposition in, to 
 Irish church bill, 51 address voted 
 by, on the repeal of the Union, 125 
 debate on the Irish church in, 134 
 
 to the Paragraph. ^
 
 178 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Lords, the House of, continued. 
 
 parting address of Lord Grey as min- 
 ister in, 140, 141 proceedings in, on 
 the modified coercion bill, 143 throw 
 out the titho bill, 144 amendment to 
 new poor-law in, 152 debate on Lord 
 Londonderry's appointment, VI. xxxv. 
 29 effect of Peel's administration 
 with regard to, 47 Lord Melbourne's 
 announcement of his principles of 
 government in, xxxvi. 1 modifica- 
 tions of the corporate reform bill in. 
 15 rejection of the appropriation 
 clause by, 19 crusade of O'Connell 
 against, 22 feeling against, among the 
 working classes, 23 additions by the 
 Whigs to, and liberal majority thus 
 obtained by them, 25 creations of, 
 since 1830, ib.- modifications of the 
 Irish corporation bill by, 39 again 
 throw out the Irish church bill, 40 
 danger from collision with the Com- 
 mons, 41 increased agitation against 
 them, 42 postpone the Irish corpora- 
 tions bill, 1837, 58 vote of, on Lord 
 Normanby's Irish administration, 65 
 compromise between, and the Com- 
 mous on the appropriation clause, &c, 
 66 again modify the Irish municipal 
 bill, 1838, 68 finally pass it, 69 
 Lord Melbourne's statement of his 
 resignation, 1839, xxxvii. 133 modi- 
 fication of the Jamaica bill by, 137 
 final defeat of the Melbourne ministry 
 in, xxxviii. 58 majority in, for the 
 sliding scale, VII. xli. 40 reversal of 
 O'Connell's sentence by, 73 passing 
 of the bank charter act in, 114 vote 
 of, on the enlarged grant to Maynooth, 
 xlii. 23 division in, on the repeal of 
 the corn laws, 65 Wellington's de- 
 claration in, 66 the life preservation 
 bill for Ireland introduced into, 70 
 division in, on the slave-sugar question, 
 xliii. 16 discussion on the Irish 
 famine in, 38 division on Mr Fielden's 
 factory bill, 91 report of committee 
 of, on bank charter act, 112. <S'ec Par- 
 liament. 
 
 Lords, House of, in Hungary, VIII. liii. 10. 
 
 Lorraine, cession of, demanded by Aus- 
 tria, I. iii. 47. 
 
 Lorrenzini, tlie club, II. vii. 87 closed, ib. 
 
 Lostwithiel, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Loughlin, arrears of tithes in diocese of, 
 V. xxxi. 15. 
 
 Louis XIV., literature of Franco under, 
 1 1 1. xviii. 1 Capefiguo's history of, 39. 
 
 Louis XVI., prohibition of services com- 
 memorating death of, IV. xxv. 50. 
 
 Louis XVlli., hazards and difficulties of 
 
 The La 
 
 his position, I. i. 5 difficulties of, on 
 his second restoration, iii. 6 his 
 difficulties in the choice of his minis- 
 ters, 7 his first ministry, 8 et seq. 
 on the admission of Fouche" into the 
 ministry, 9 his proclamation from 
 Cambray, 10 his entry into Paris, 11 
 his difficulties from the violence of 
 the royalists, 12 changes the mode 
 of election by a royal ordinance, 14, 
 15 division between him and his 
 brother, &c. regarding it, 16 opposed 
 to the removal of the censorship, 17 
 ordinance regarding the Chamber 
 of Peers, 20 and making the peerage 
 hereditary, 21 opposed to the heredi- 
 tary peerage, ib. feeling of, on the 
 royalist massacres, 35 efforts of, 
 against them, 36 dismissal of Talley- 
 rand, &c. by, 41 ministry of the Duke 
 de Richelieu, 42 speech of, at the 
 opening of the Chambers, 60 difficul- 
 ties with regard to the oath of fidelity, 
 62 efforts of, for the escape of the 
 proscribed Napoleonists, 77 efforts 
 on behalf of Labedoyere with, 81 
 Ney's death determined on, 88 con- 
 duct of, with regard to the death of 
 Ney, 90 his answer to applications 
 on behalf of Lavalette, 93 general 
 amnesty proclaimed by, 107 opposi- 
 tion of the Chamber to it, 108 the 
 conspiracy of Didier against, 124 - 
 conspiracy in Paris, &c, 126 a coup 
 d'etat recommended to him, 129 
 views of, regarding the charter, 131 
 issues the ordinance of 5th September 
 1816, 132 its effects, 134 indigna- 
 tion of, at Chateaubriand, 133 
 changes in the law made by royal 
 ordinance under him, 135 the re- 
 action of 1815 forced upon him, 137 
 views of, in 1S16, vi. 3 measures 
 of, to relieve the distress of 1816, 7 
 his speech on opening the Chamber, 
 8 efforts of, on behalf of the new law 
 of elections, 17 feeling of, regarding 
 the law of bequests to the clergy, 32 
 restoration of the Orleans estates by, 
 45 anxiety of, for the withdrawal of 
 the allied troops, 58 instructions of, 
 to Richelieu regarding the Congress of 
 Aix-la- Cbapelle, 61 visit of the 
 Emperor Alexander to, 74 views of, 
 as to the ministry in 1S18, 78 new 
 ministry. 79 views and feelings of, 
 in 1818, 81, 82 feeling of, with re- 
 gard to the electoral law, 87 largo 
 creation of peers by, 96 visits of, to 
 the Louvre exhibition in 1819, II. ix. 
 16 feelings of, on the elections of 
 1819, and conversation with the Count 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer lv the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 170 
 
 d'Artois on it, 22 speech of, on open- 
 ing the session of 1819, 25 at the 
 death-bed of the Duke de Berri, 38 
 supports Decazes after the murder of 
 the Duke de Berri, 42 but at last 
 dismisses him, 43 inclination of, for 
 Platonic attachments, 45 the Countess 
 du Cayla, 46 her first interview with 
 him, 47 at the funeral of the Duke 
 de Berri, 51 at the birth of the Duke 
 de Bordeaux, 84 new organisation of 
 his household, 91 circular by, to 
 the electors, 1820, 94 his alarm at 
 the result of the elections, 95 speech 
 of, on opening the session of 1820, and 
 answer of the Chamber, 98 speech 
 of, and reply, session 1821, 106 re- 
 signation of the Richelieu ministry, ib. 
 the Villele ministry, 107 his fail- 
 ing health, ib. danger to, from the 
 Spanish revolution, xii. 1 views of, 
 regarding the Spanish intervention, 
 13 views of, on the results of the 
 Congress of Verona, 23 interview 
 with Wellington on the Spanish 
 question, ib. his anxieties on it, 24 
 supports Villele on the Spanish ques- 
 tion, 25 speech of, at the opening of 
 the Chambers, 1823, 28 reception of 
 d'Angouleme by, on his return from 
 Spain, 99 speech of, on opening the 
 Chambers in 1824, 110 failing powers 
 of, 119 his declining days, 120 his 
 conversational powers, 121 his last 
 religious impressions, 122 his death, 
 123 and character, 124 his private 
 qualities and weaknesses, 125 Cha- 
 teaubriand at the restoration of, II. xi. 
 6 note personal economy of, III. xvi. 
 15 his regulations regarding the 
 army, and their result, xvii. 109 
 various ordonnances issued by, 135 
 repeated degradations of the peerage 
 under, IV. xxv. 105. 
 Louis, the archduke, VIII. liv. 3, 4, 5. 
 Louis, baron, minister of finance in 
 1815, I. iii. 9 first operations of, as 
 finance minister in 1815, 28 retires 
 with Talleyrand, 42 becomes finance 
 minister in 1818, vi. 79 views of, on 
 the electoral law, II. ix. 22 dismissed 
 from the ministry, 23 returned for 
 Paris in 1827, III. xvi. 71 xvii. 67 
 note finance minister under Louis 
 Philippe, IV. xxiv. 44, xxv. 47 ten- 
 ders his resignation, 59. 
 Louis Bois, cholera at, V. xxix. 32 note. 
 Louis Napoleon, restoration of military 
 despotism in France by, I. i. 22 the 
 coup d'etat of, III. xvii. 105 estab- 
 lished by universal suffrage, 114 
 heads the Napoleonists, V. xxxiii. 
 
 68 early life of, 75 preparations 
 for attempt at Strasburg, 76 break- 
 ing out of the conspiracy, 77 its first 
 success, 78 and ultimate failure, 79 
 conduct of the government toward 
 him, and his banishment to America, 
 80 return of, to Europe, compell- 
 ed to leave Switzerland, and retires 
 to England, VI. xxxiv. 20 his Idee3 
 Napole'oniennes, 44 expedition of, to 
 Boulogne, 80 failure of the enterprise, 
 81, 82 his trial, and sentence of im- 
 prisonment, 83 his life in prison, and 
 its beneficial results, 84 enrolment 
 of, as a special constable, 1848, VII. 
 xliii. 132 liberation of Abd-el-Kadr 
 by, xlv. 45 escape of, from prison of 
 Ham, xlvi. 30 et seq. his expedition 
 organised in Switzerland, 90 com- 
 mencement of agitation in favour of, 
 VIII. 1. 76 elected to the Assembly, 
 ib. chances of, for the presidency, li. 
 15 election of, to the Assembly, and 
 his speech, 19 contest for the pre- 
 sidency, 21 his address to electors, 
 25 et seq. his election, 29 ministry 
 appointed, 31 financial measures, 32 
 resolves on intervention at Rome, 
 lii. Ill feeling of the Assembly to- 
 ward, lvii. 1 formation of army of 
 the Alps, 2 changes of ministry, 3 
 conspiracy of 29th Jan. against him, 
 12 et seq. difficulties of his position, 
 14 insurrection of June and its sup- 
 pression, 17, 18 entire change of his 
 ministers, 20 his first measures as an 
 independent magistrate, 22 meeting 
 with the electors of Paris, 25 effect 
 of the new law of elections on him, 27 
 hostility of the Assembly, 28 his 
 tour in the provinces, 29 coalition 
 in Assembly against him, 30 rup- 
 ture with Changarnier, 31 opening 
 of new session, 32 commencement of 
 rupture with Assembly, 33 new mi- 
 nistry, &c, 34 vote against him, 35 
 ministry again changed, 36 on the 
 revision of the constitution, 39 views 
 on the electoral law, 41 new minis- 
 try, ib. opening of session, 42 mo- 
 tion of qurcstors against him, 43 
 meeting of generals in his favour, 46 
 conspiracy in Assembly, 47 pre- 
 parations for coup d'etat, 48 pro- 
 clamation,, 49 dispersion of Assem- 
 bly, 50 majority over France for 
 him, 52. 
 Louis Philippe see, before his accession, 
 Orleans, duke of difficulties of the 
 position of, I. i. 16 causes of his 
 fall, 17 the choice and overthrow 
 of, in France, III. xvii. 99 the 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 180 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Louis Philippe, continued. 
 
 royal speech on, IV. xxii. 71 
 animosity of the working classes 
 against government of, xxiv. 5 
 strength given to his government by 
 the support of the bourgeoisie, 6 
 danger to which it at last exposed him, 
 7 offers the foreign ministry to Cha- 
 teaubriand, 40 conversation between 
 them, ib. note acceptance of the 
 crown by him, 41 speeches on his ac- 
 ceptance of the constitution, 42 ap- 
 pointments of ministers, 44 recogni- 
 tion of him by the English govern- 
 ment, 47 reception of his accession 
 on the Continent, 48 recognised by 
 Austria, 49 and by Prussia, 50 his 
 character, and opposite views of it, 51 
 its seeming contradictions, 52 his 
 good and bad qualities, 53 his career, 
 and its influence on him, 54 difficul- 
 ties with which he had to contend, 55 
 dissensions in the council, and vio- 
 lence of National Guard deputation, 
 56 clanger from Lafayette to, and his 
 efforts to counteract the influence of 
 the latter, 59 secretly favours the 
 attempt to revolutionise Spain, 67 
 distrust excited in the European 
 powers toward, xxv. 1 views of, as to 
 the ex-ministers of Charles X., 3 his 
 alarm on the emeute of 18th October, 
 5 his efforts to save them, and disso- 
 lution of the ministry, 7 changes in 
 ministry, 17 declines the crown of 
 Belgium for his son, 21 general dis- 
 content under, 35 dismissal of La- 
 fitte, 47 change in electoral law, 49 
 proscription of the Bourbons, and 
 his ingratitude, 50 efforts of, to con- 
 ciliate the electors, 54 his progresses 
 into Normandy and Champagne, 56 
 his speech on opening the Chambers, 
 58 attacks on, in the Portuguese 
 press, and intervention in consequence, 
 76 debate on settlement on, 87 in- 
 crease of power of, by abolition of 
 hereditary peerage, V. xxix. 1 social 
 dangers to which exposed, 2 address 
 of the deputies to, on the Lyons insur- 
 rection, 17 private fortune and civil 
 list of, 20 extravagance of the latter, 
 21 conduct of, during the cholera, 36 
 orders of, regarding the Duchess do 
 Berri, 45 conspiracy of the democra- 
 tic opposition against, 56 prepara- 
 tions of the government, 59, 62 reso- 
 lution shown by, during the revolt of 
 1832, 67 conduct of, during the re- 
 volt of St Mori, 73 deputation from 
 the Chamber to him, 74 his answer, 
 75 compelled to dissolve the courts- 
 
 martial, 78 arbitrary imprisonments, 
 and war with the press, 79 increased 
 consideration from suppression of the 
 revolt, 80 marriage of his daughter to 
 Leopold of Belgium, 82 changes in 
 ministry, and creation of peers, 83 
 vindication of the ordounauces of 
 Charles X. under, 101 results of his 
 double victory over the royalists and 
 republicans, xxx. 1 force and corrup- 
 tion the principle of his government, 
 2 way in which this was worked out, 
 3 its danger in the end, 4 changes in 
 ministi - y and creation of peers, 9 
 hostility of the secret societies to, 11 
 effect of the death of the Duke of 
 Reichstadt, 12 opening of the Cham- 
 bers, his speech, and attempt at his 
 assassination, 13 journeys to Nor- 
 mandy and Calais, and answers to ad- 
 dresses, 20 discussion on, at congress 
 of Muntz-Graetz, 27 opening of the 
 Chambers, 1834, and his speech, 32 
 changes made in the cabinet, 40 re- 
 sults of his devotion to the throne, 59, 
 60 reasons against Turkey's applying 
 for aid to, xxxii. 22 views of, in sup- 
 porting Mehcmet Ali, 39 views, &c. 
 of, on the treaty of the allies for settle- 
 ment of Turkey, 60 views of, on the 
 bombardment of Beyrout, 67 con- 
 ference with Guizot, and its results, 
 68 repeated triumphs of, over the re- 
 publicans, xxxiii. 1 his speech on 
 opening the Chambers, 1834, 2 
 opposes an amnesty, 3, 5 views of, on 
 government of Algeria, ib. note 
 contest of, with the Chamber, 10 re- 
 signation of Mortier, and sends for 
 do Broglie, 11 his views as to the 
 choice of his ministers, 12 ordon- 
 nance of, constituting the Peers a court 
 for political trials, 16 ordonnance re- 
 garding selection of counsel by the 
 accused, IS at the fete of July, 
 in 1835, and conspiracy to murder 
 him, 29 explosion of the infer- 
 nal machine, 30 coolness of, on 
 the occasion, 31 his after feelings, 
 32 improved position of, 1836, 45 
 alienation of, from Broglie, 47 oppos- 
 ed to reduction of debt, and resigna- 
 tion of the ministry, 51 new ministry, 
 Thiers premier, 52 Alibaud's attempt 
 to assassinate, 64 announcement of 
 his seclusion in his palace, 66 views 
 of, on the Spanish question, resigna- 
 tion of Thiers, and accession of Mole, 
 71- liberation of Prince Polignac, &c., 
 73 the conspiracy of Louis Napoleon 
 against, 76 its outbreak, 77 its fail- 
 ure, 79 sentence on Louis Napoleon, 
 
 Tlte Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 181 
 
 80 modifications of the ministry, 86 
 marriage of the Duke of Orleans nego- 
 tiated, 87 preparations for it, and 
 general amnesty, 88 attempt on his 
 life by Meunier, &c., ib. inauguration 
 of Versailles as a palace of the arts, 90 
 dissolves the Chamber, 92 views of, 
 on Algeria, 106 firmness of, on the 
 disaster before Constantine, 113 ne- 
 cessary rigour of his government, 124 
 influence of the successes in Algeria 
 on, VI. xxxiv. 1 fresh creation of 
 peers, 2 opening of Chambers, 1837, 6 
 visit of, to the dying Talleyrand, 17 
 the conspiracy of Hubert, 19 at- 
 tempt to form a liberal ministry after 
 Mole's resignation, and conditions de- 
 manded, 33 commutation of senten- 
 ces of Barbes and lilanqui, 42 in- 
 creased strength of government, 45 
 death of his daughter the Princess 
 Marie, 61 fresh creation of peers, 62 
 speech of, on opening the Chambers, 
 1840, 65 his answer to the address, 
 70 marriage of the Duke de Nemours, 
 71 dotation to him thrown out by 
 Deputies, 72 Thiers' second ministry, 
 73 at the inauguration of the pillar 
 on the Place of the Bastille, 79 at- 
 tempt of Darmes to assassinate, 85 
 at the reinterment of Napoleon, 87 
 measures resolved on, on the Eastern 
 crisis, 95 views of, as to the fortifi- 
 cations of Paris, 96 communications 
 from Guizot on the Eastern question, 
 98 conference with Guizot at the 
 Chateau d'Eu, ib. pacific views of, 
 99, 101 resignation of Thiers, 101 
 new ministry, 102 speech on opening 
 the Chamber,103 visit of, to England, 
 VII. xli. 118 connection of the mone- 
 tary crisis in England with the fall of, 
 xliii. 141 position of, 1841, xliv. 1 
 Louis Blanc's character of, 17 prin- 
 ciples of the government of, 22 at re- 
 view of National Guard of Paris, 1840, 
 31 publication of letters ascribed to, 
 53 extracts from them, ib. note 
 prosecutions for their publication, 54 
 ambiguity as to their genuineness, 
 55 declaration of, against reform, 68 
 at the death-bed of the Ducd' Orleans, 
 81 danger of, from the state of the 
 Chambers, 104 and from the demo- 
 ralisation of the National Guard, 106 
 change in external policy during latter 
 years of his reign, xlvi. 1 his pacific 
 views on the Tahiti affair, 3 Le- 
 comte's attempt to assassinate, 29 
 proposals from Queen Christina for 
 double marriage, 38 further confe- 
 rences on the subject, 40 visit of 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Queen Victoria to, at the Chateau 
 d'Eu, and of his to Windsor, and con- 
 ferences on the Spanish marriages, 41 
 subsequent negotiations, &c. regard- 
 ing them, 43 et seq. the double mar- 
 riage arranged, 45 and contracted, 46 
 holograph letter from Queen Victoria 
 to, on the marriages, 47 his breach 
 of faith in them, 50, 51 policy of, in 
 Portugal, 59 causes of the conserva- 
 vative policy of, 109, 110 increasing 
 obstinacy, &c. of, xlvii. 1 the Prince 
 de Joinville on him, 2, 3 views of, on 
 the crisis of 1847, 4 discontent of the 
 NationalGuard with, 17 lastspeech to 
 deputies, 25 debate on address, 26 
 et seq. last budget, 39 division on 
 address, 40 determination of, against 
 reform, 42 death of his sister, 43 
 opposes the compromise regarding tho 
 banquet, 45 resignation of Guizot, 55 
 his indecision, and sends for Thiers, 
 59 Odillon Barrot premier, 64 his 
 last council, 65 forced to abdicate, 
 66 his flight, 67 and escape, 68 
 escape of, to England, 77 causes of 
 his fall, 78 et seq. hostility of his go- 
 vernment to the church, VIII. 1. 18 
 finances at date of his fall, 28 note. 
 
 Louisa Fernanda, the Infanta, proposed 
 marriage of the Duke de Montpensier 
 to, VII. xlvi. 38 the marriage, 46. 
 
 Louisa Maria, queen of Charles IV., death 
 of, II. vii. 52. 
 
 Louise Marie, the princess, marriage of, 
 to Leopold of Belgium, V. xxix. 82. 
 
 Louisiana, statistics of banks in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 7 note. 
 
 Louisville, insurrection at, 1834, V. xxx. 
 47. 
 
 Louie Bourgas, advance of the Russians 
 to, III. xv. 135. 
 
 Louvain, defeat of the Belgians at, IV. 
 xxv. 71. 
 
 Louvel, career and character of, II. ix. 
 34 assassinates the Duke de Berri, 35 
 his capture, 36 Decazes charged as 
 the accomplice of, 41 trial and exe- 
 cution of, 51. 
 
 Louvel, secret society called, V. xxx. 42 
 note. 
 
 Louvre, the, at Paris, III. xviii. 82 
 breaking up of the museum of, I. hi. 
 27 the exhibition of industry, &c. in, 
 II. ix. 16. 
 
 Loveday, lieutenant, at capture of Khelat, 
 VI. xl. 79 murder of, by the Beloo- 
 chees, 86. 
 
 Loverdi, general, operations of, against 
 Riego, II. xii. 86. 
 
 Loverdo, general, at Sidi-Feruch, III. 
 xvii. 45. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 182 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Lowe, Sir Hudson, character of, and his 
 conduct at St Helena, II. ix. 117. 
 
 Lower Canada, discontent in, VI. xxxvi. 
 27 demands of the Opposition in, 28 
 violent proceedings of the Assembly 
 of, 1836,54 different temper of, from 
 Upper, xxxvii. 78 approach of the 
 contest in, 80 commencement of the 
 insurrection, 81 defeats of the insur- 
 gents, 82, 83 effect of these successes, 
 84 insurrection again breaks out in, 
 103 its suppression, 104 and Upper, 
 union of, 110 government lands of, 
 xxxviii. 11 stationary condition of 
 French population of, VII. xli. 96. 
 See also Canada. 
 
 Lowhouse, Sir H. F., operations under, 
 at Canton, VIII. xlviii. 29. 
 
 Lowicz, the princess, wife of the Grand- 
 duke Constantine, II. viii. 113 escape 
 of, on the insurrection, IV. xxvi. 16. 
 
 Lowinski, attempt of, in Lithuania, IV. 
 xxvi. 71. 
 
 Lowth, effects of the coercion act in, V. 
 xxxi. 44 note proclaimed in 1848, 
 
 VII. xliii. 138. 
 
 Lowther, lord, treasurer of the navy, 
 1835, VI. xxxv. 16 note postmaster- 
 general, 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 " Loyalists," the, in Lower Canada, VI. 
 xxxvii. 78. 
 
 Lozere, Andre" de la, one of the presi- 
 dents of colleges, I. iii. 132. 
 
 Lubartow, success of the Poles at, IV. 
 xxvi. 72. 
 
 Lubeck, contributions from France to, 
 I. iii. 48 note reciprocity treaty with, 
 III. xix. 29 note representation of, in 
 the Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note population 
 and military contingent, 5 note pro- 
 gress of, since the peace, 7 accepts 
 the Germanic constitution of 1848, 
 
 VIII. liii. 77. 
 
 Lubeuki, prince, IV. xxvi. 18 negotia- 
 tions of, with Nicholas, 27. 
 
 Lubienski, general, forces under, IV. 
 xxvi. 60 successes of, in pursuit of 
 the Russians, 63 at (Jstrolenka, 74, 75 
 detached from Warsaw to Plock, 
 88. 
 
 Lubis, trial of, for the forgery of the 
 Louis Philippe letters, VILxliv. 55. 
 
 Lucan, lieutenant, VIII. lvi. 71 note. 
 
 Lucca, states of, assigned to Queen of 
 Etruria, II. vii. 48 revolution at, and 
 its annexation to Tuscany, VII. xlvi. 
 80. 
 
 Lucchese-Palli, Count Hector, secret mar- 
 riage of the Duchess de Berri to, V. 
 xxix. 55. 
 
 Lucerne, changes in constitution of, 
 1830, IV. xxiv. 86 protest by, against 
 
 The L 
 
 the suppression of the convents, VII. 
 xlvL 92 attack on it by the Free 
 Bands, 93 a member of the Sunder- 
 bund, 94 defeat of the Sunderbund 
 before, and its surrender, 103. 
 
 Luders, general, intervenes in Hungaiy, 
 VIII. lv. 20 movements assigned to, 
 46 successes of, against Bern, 68 
 defeats him at Segeswar, 69 and 
 again at Hermanstadt, 70. 
 
 Ludgershall, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Ludlam, a Radical, execution of, I. iv. 
 14. 
 
 Ludowicski, chief of police at Warsaw, 
 death of, IV. xxvi. 16. 
 
 Ludre,M., on the law against associations, 
 V. xxx. 36 heads the committee of 
 the secret societies, 41. 
 
 Luneville, Louis Philippe at, IV. xxv. 56. 
 
 Lushington, captain, at Tezeen, VIII. 
 xlviii. 91. 
 
 Lushington, Dr, called on to resign his 
 seat, V. xxxi. 62 arranges treaty re- 
 garding right of search for slaves, VII. 
 xlvi. 12. 
 
 Luther, Werner's drama of, V. xxviii. 28. 
 
 Luxembourg, the duke de, commander 
 of the guard, III. xvii. 93 fidelity of, 
 95. 
 
 Luxembourg, the, execution of Ney at, 
 I. iii. 89 meeting of the peers at, 
 after the fall of Charles X. IV. xxiv. 
 19 their proceedings, 20 trial of the 
 ex-ministers of Charles X. in, xxv. 6. 
 
 Luxembourg, duchy and fortress of, 
 holds out for Holland, IV. xxiv. 80 
 annexed to Holland, xxv. 22 views 
 of the Belgians on, and their abandon- 
 ment, 29 cession of, demanded by 
 Belgium, 65 change in language of 
 France and England regarding, 67 
 proposed settlement of question re- 
 garding, 75 provision of the Diet re- 
 garding, V. xxvii. 5 votes of, in the 
 Germanic Diet, 4 note population 
 and military contingent, 5 note re- 
 solution of Congress of Muntz-Graetz 
 regarding, xxx. 26 still held by the 
 Belgians in defiance of the treaty, 
 1838, VI. xxxiv. 22 statistics of, 
 VIII. liii. 5 note. 
 
 Luxembourg Commission, formation of 
 the, VIII. 1. 15. 
 
 Luzy, mademoiselle de, connection of, 
 with the Praslin case, VII. xlvii. 14. 
 
 Luzzo, Prince Michael, III. xiv. 29. 
 
 Lycurgus, governor of Samos, prepara- 
 tions of, for defence, III. xiv. 110. 
 
 Lyell, Sir Charles, I. v. 41. 
 
 Lyme Regis, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 irje Roman numerate refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 183 
 
 Lymington, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Lynch law, organised society for ad- 
 ministering, in Spain, II. vii. 93. 
 
 Lyndhurst, lord, at the trial of the 
 queen, II. x. 84 becomes lord chan- 
 cellor, IV. xxi. 66, 97 note speech of, 
 against the reform bill, 81 amend- 
 ment on it, 106 advises Wellington 
 as the head of the ministry on Grey's 
 resignation, 108 proposed as chan- 
 cellor, ib becomes lord chancellor, V. 
 
 xxxi. 160 again lord chancellor, VI. 
 xxxv. 16 note motions by, on the cor- 
 porate reform bill, xxxvi. 15 argu- 
 ments of, against Irish corporation 
 bill, 34 motion by, 1838, on Irish 
 municipal bill, 68 lord chancellor 
 under Peel, VII. xli. 14 adheres to 
 O'Connell's sentence, 73. 
 
 Lyons, Sir Edmund, English ambassador 
 to Greece, VII. xlvi. 56, 57. 
 
 Lyons, conspiracy at, in 1816, I. hi. 127 
 grain riots in, during 1817, vi. 25 
 prosperous condition of, 1824, III. xvi. 
 12 reception of Lafayette at, xvii. 7 
 legitimate and illegitimate children 
 in, 122 note prosperity of the silk 
 manufacturers of, IV. xxiv. 3 the 
 revolution of 1830 in, 46 depressed 
 state of the silk weavers of, 1831, V. 
 xxix. 2 condition of the working 
 classes and commencement of the 
 insurrection, 7 measures of the 
 governor, &c. for fixing tariff of wages, 
 8 progress of the strife between the 
 masters and workmen, 9 the insur- 
 
 rection, 10 its spread and success, 11 
 
 . insurgents joined by National Guard, 
 and make the prefect prisoner, 12 
 desperate strife in the streets, 13 
 measures of government against the 
 insurrection, 14 its state after the 
 revolt, 15 arrival of Soult, &c. and 
 submission of the city, 16 a second 
 insurrection resolved on at, xxx. 43 
 its causes, 44 commences with the 
 trial of the leaders of the strike, 45 
 desperate struggle, and victory of the 
 troops, 46 reform banquet at, 1840, 
 VII. xliv. 31 damage by inundation 
 in, 1841, 52 republicans in, xlvii. 49 
 unemployed workmen in, 1848, VIII. 
 1. 20 suspension of cash payments by 
 bank of, 26 disorders at, 1848, 40 
 its state, 41 insurrection at, May 
 18th, 75 revolt in, June 1849, and 
 its suppression, lvii. 19 Louis Na- 
 poleon at, 29. 
 
 Lyre and Sword, Korner's, V. xxviii. 
 32. 
 
 Lysagora, commencement of the Gallician 
 insurrection at, VII. xlvi. 21. 
 
 Lyttleton, Mr, proposed as Speaker, 1833, 
 V. xxxi. 27 statement of, regarding 
 Irish tithe bill, 136 secret negotiation 
 of, with O'Connell, 1 39 resigns, 140 
 motion by, on Irish tithe bill, 144 
 arguments of, for poor-law amend- 
 ment act, 148 et seq. becomes Lord 
 Hatherton, VI. xxxvi. 3. 
 
 Lytton, Sir E. B., the novels, &c. of, I. 
 v. 71, 72 arguments against free 
 trade, VIII. lvi. 29 et seq. 
 
 M 
 
 Maberly, landing of the Duchess de 
 Berri at, V. xxix. 42. 
 
 Macanay, M. de, imprisonment of, in 
 Spain, II. vii. 37. 
 
 Macartney, lord, his estimate of the 
 population of China, VIII. xlviii. 3. 
 
 Macaulay, T. B., the works of, I. v. 48, 
 59 arguments of, in favour of the 
 reform bill, IV. xxiii. 33* violent 
 speech of, against the "Wellington 
 ministry, 111 on the rigour of re- 
 volutionary governments, V. xxxiii. 
 124 efforts of, against the copyright 
 act, VII. xli. 62 paymaster-general, 
 1846, xliii. 4 note on education and 
 crime, 96 note -VIII. xlix. 44. 
 
 Macbean, general, operations of, in 
 Burmah, VI. xxxix. 58 defeat of the 
 Burmese by, 59. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 M'Caskill, brigadier, afterwards Sir John 
 at the Huft-Kotul, VIII. xlviii. 91 
 expedition to Istaliff under, 99 at 
 Moodkee, xlix. 64 death of, there, 
 65. 
 
 Macclesfield, the silk manufactures of, 
 III. xix. 48 strike at, and rioting, 
 1829, IV. xxii. 17 member given to, 
 xxiii. 42 note rates of mortality in, 
 1841, VII. xli. 17 note. 
 
 M'Culloch, Mr, the works of, I. v. 38 
 views of, on emigration, IV. xxi. 
 27. 
 
 Macdonald, marshal, supports Fouchd, 
 I. iii. 8 reorganisation of the army 
 under, 26. 
 
 Macdonald, general, preparations of, 
 against the Irish rebels, VII. xliii. 
 139. 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 184 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Macdonnell, Sir James, dispersion of 
 Canadian insurgents by, VI. xxxvii. 
 104. 
 
 Macedonia, aspect of, III. xiii. 26 
 spread of the insurrection to, xiv. 28 
 insurrection in, and its suppression, 
 69. 
 
 Macedonians, the invasion of India by 
 the, VI. xl. 18. 
 
 Macerata, M., VIII. lii. 82. 
 
 Macerone, colonel, aide-de-camp to Murat, 
 I. iii. 98, 99. 
 
 Macgillivray, Mrs, grandmother of Sir 
 James Mackintosh, I. iv. 52. 
 
 M'Grath, Mr, a Chartist leader on the 
 10th April, VII. xliii. 183. 
 
 M'Gregor, captain, resident at Jellala- 
 bad, VI. xl. 105 decides on disobey- 
 ing the summons to Cabul, 113 at 
 Jellalabad, VIII. xlviii. 56, 58. 
 
 M'Gregor, Sir Gregor, seizure of Porto- 
 bello by, I. iv. 95. 
 
 M'Hale, Dr, his letter to the Duke of 
 Wellington, V. xxxi. 158. 
 
 Machinery, exportation of, repeal of 
 laws against, III. xix. 52 alleged in- 
 fluence of, on the distress of 1830, 
 IV. xxii. 23 effects of, on the struggle 
 between labour and capital, xxiv. 5 
 advantages given British manufactures 
 by, VII. xliii. 164. 
 
 Machynicki, a Pole, transported to Si- 
 beria, II. viii. 90. 
 
 Mackenzie, the novels of, I. v. 68. 
 
 Mackenzie, captain, compelled to aban- 
 don stores, &c, VI. xl. 106 escape of, 
 on the murder of Macnaghten, 124 
 one of the Affghan captives, VIII. 
 xlviii. 102. 
 
 Mackenzie, Lieut. Murray, pursuit of 
 Dost Mahommed by, VI. xl. 78 de- 
 feats him, 89. 
 
 Mackenzie, V. L., the leader of the 
 Canadian insurrection, VI. xxxvii. 85 
 advances to Toronto, 86 his flight, 
 87. 
 
 Mackintosh, Sir James, efforts of, against 
 the seditious meetings act, I. iv. 13 
 on the relaxation of the criminal code, 
 47 sketch of the career of, 52 his 
 character as a statesman and writer, 
 53 his character as a parliamentary 
 speaker, 54 his History of England, 
 on, 53 arguments of for criminal 
 law reform, 82 ct $eq. his motion car- 
 ried, 90 as an essayist, v. 46 on 
 Grattan, II. x. 53 motion by, on the 
 Congress of Laybach, 93 efforts of, 
 for reforming the criminal law. 94 
 motion by, 1 822, on the criminal law, 
 127 defence of the Catholic Associa- 
 tion by, IV. xx. 38 eulogium on 
 
 Canning by, xxi. 99 supports the 
 bill for disfranchising the forty-shil- 
 ling freeholders, 151 the views of, 
 on criminal law adopted by Peel, VII. 
 xli. 7. 
 
 M'Intosh, captain, death of, at Beh- 
 Meru,VI. xl. 117. 
 
 M'Kinnon, colonel, defeat of, by the 
 Caffres, VIII. lvi. 49. 
 
 Mackrell, colonel, storming of the Ricka- 
 bashee fort by, VI. xl. 110 mortally 
 wounded, ib. 
 
 M'Laren, colonel, operations under, at 
 Candahar, VIII. xlviii. 72 at Ma- 
 harajpore, 39 death of, at Sobraon, 
 86. 
 
 M'Laren, major, garrison of Ghuznee 
 under, VI. xl. 78. 
 
 M'Leod, Mr, arrest and trial of, in the 
 United States, VII. xli. 86. 
 
 Macmahon, general, subjugation of the 
 Kabyles by, VII. xlv. 46. 
 
 M'Manus, an Irish leader, trial of, VII. 
 xliii. 140 and note. 
 
 M'Murdo, Mr, wounded at Meanee, VIII. 
 xlix. 17. 
 
 M'Nab, Sir Allan, measures of, for de- 
 fence of Toronto, VI. xxxvii. 86 
 defeats the rebels, 87 capture and 
 destruction of the Caroline by, .90. 
 
 Macnaghten, Mr, on the reception of 
 Shah Soojah at Candahar, VI. xl. 64 
 . created a baronet, 75 confidence 
 of, as to the security of Affghanistan, 
 83 urges the annexation of Herat, 
 84 on the hostile disposition of the 
 Sikhs, 85 continued confidence of, 
 86 surrender of Dost Mahommed to, 
 93 recommendation with regard to 
 him to the government, ib. over-con- 
 fidence of, at Cabul, 99 defective 
 defensive arrangements of, 101 and 
 note measures of, on the insurrec- 
 tion at Cabul, 105 orders removal of 
 stores from Bala-Hissar, 106 Elphin- 
 stone proposes a capitulation to, 108 
 urges attack of the Rickabashee fort, 
 110 and of the enemy on the heights, 
 112 orders up Sale and llawlinson, 
 113 opposes removal into the Bala- 
 Hissar, 115 directs attack on Beh- 
 Meru, 116 negotiation, 119, 120 
 capitulation, 121 his account of it, 
 ib. secret negotiation with Akbar 
 Khan, 123 his murder, 124 defec- 
 tive arrangements of, and their result, 
 Ml. 
 
 M'Neill, Mr Duncan, at the anti-reform 
 meeting in Edinburgh, IV. xxiii. 71 
 solicitor-general for Scotland, 1835, 
 
 VI. xxxv. 16 note and again, 1841, 
 
 VII. xli. 14 note Scotch poor-law 
 
 The Lar'jc Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 185 
 
 introduced by, xlii. 26 its provisions, 
 '29. 
 
 M'Neill, Sir John, on the progress of 
 Russia in the East, VI. xl. 29 on the 
 policy to be pursued toward Dost Ma- 
 hommed, 42 note urges interference 
 on behalf of Herat, 50 placed at head 
 of board of supervision, VII. xlii. 
 29. 
 
 Macon, damage by inundation in, 1841, 
 VII. xliv. 52 reform banquet and 
 Lamartine's speech at, xlvii. 21. 
 
 Macready, the acting of, I. v. 105. 
 
 Macroom, insurrectionary gathering at, 
 1822, II. x. 119. 
 
 Mactier, brigadier, at Moodkee, VIII. 
 xlix. 63, 64. 
 
 Madara, advance of the Russians to, III. 
 xv. 122. 
 
 Madawaska, settlement of, ceded to 
 United States, VII. xli. 91. 
 
 Madeleine, the, at Paris, III. xviii. 82 
 completion of, V. xxx. 18 grant for 
 it, ib. note excess of expenditure 
 above that voted on, xxxiii. 59. 
 
 Madier, M. denunciation of the secret 
 government by, II. ix. 62. 
 
 Madoc, remarks on, I. v. 19. 
 
 Madrid, return of Ferdinand VII. to, II. 
 vii. 32 political arrests in, 1814, 35 
 conspiracy at, in 1816, 41 its sup- 
 pression, and arrests in consequence, 
 42 revolution at, 1820, 70 rapid 
 progress of the revolution in, 72 
 establishment of revolutionary clubs 
 in, 77 secret royalist committee in, 
 80 tumult in, 1820, 87 return of 
 Ferdinand to, 91 murder of the 
 priest Vinuesa in, xi. 33 institution 
 of the Order of the Hammer, 34 
 Murillo appointed captain-general at, 
 35 fresh tumults in, 39 the Com- 
 muneros in, 40 tumults at, on the 
 arrest of Riego, and their suppression, 
 42 riots in, on the passing of law 
 against the press, 50 contests be- 
 tween the royalists and republicans in, 
 54 the king retires from, ib. riot in, 
 and death of Landabura, 62 the 
 strife between the Royal Guard and the 
 garrison, 63 et seq. attack of the 
 guard on it, and its defeat, 66 ad- 
 vance of the French to, xii. 74 its 
 capitulation, 75 entry of the French, 
 76 excitement of the royalists in, 83 
 entry of the king into, 95. 
 
 Madras, bank of, VI. xxxix. 31 note 
 railway from, to Vellore, VIII. xlix. 
 113 note road to Bangalore from, 
 ib. presidency, finances of, 1839-52, 
 VI. xxxix. 15 note the ryotwar sys- 
 tem in, 23 pressure of taxation in, 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 xl. 2 irrigation works in, VIII. xlix. 
 113 note. 
 
 Maori Noros, defile of, seized by the 
 Turks, III. xiv. 121. 
 
 Maestricht, holds out for Holland, IV. 
 xxiv. 80 proposed settlement of, xxv. 
 75. 
 
 Magazines, want of, in France, III. xviii. 
 73. 
 
 Magasins ge'ne'raux, establishment of, 
 in France, VIII. 1. 26. 
 
 Magdeburg, ^railway between Leipsic 
 and,V. xxvii. 67 religious excitement 
 in, 1846, 75. 
 
 Magistracy, restoration of the, by Louis 
 Napoleon, VIII. lvii. 22. 
 
 Magistrates, conduct of the, at the Peter- 
 loo meeting, II. x, 31 duties of the, 
 in connection with such meetings, ib. 
 note. 
 
 Magnan, general, military meeting at 
 house of, VIII. lvii. 46. 
 
 Magyars, the, settlement of, in Hungary, 
 VIII. liii. 3 numbers of, ib. note 
 predominance of, in Hungary, 10 
 hostility between, and the Croats, 16 
 hostility between, and the Sclavo- 
 nians, 1 8 their hatred to the Austrian 
 government, 19 rupture between, 
 and the Croats, 27 the party of, in 
 Hungary, 34. 
 
 Mahanamion, a Burmese chief, death of, 
 VI. xxxix. 69. 
 
 Maharajpore, battle of, VIII. xlix. 38. 
 
 Mahmoud Pacha, defeat of, near Cleonse, 
 III. xiv. 72. 
 
 Mahmoud Shah, dethronement of his 
 brother Zemaun by, VI. xl. 25 de- 
 throned by Shah Soojah, 26 again 
 dethrones Shah Soojah, 35 dethroned 
 by his vizier, 36 escapes to Herat, 
 ib. 
 
 Mahmoud, sultan, first measures of, 
 against the Janizaries, III. xiii. 44 
 measures of, to conciliate the Jani- 
 zaries, xiv. 25 change of government 
 forced on, 84 preparations for cam- 
 paign of 1824, 86, 103 measures re- 
 solved on against the Janizaries, xv. 
 7 new statute regarding them, 8 
 their insurrection, 9 his vigorous 
 measures, 10 their defeat and de- 
 struction, 11 et seq. their massacre, 
 12 effect of this, and his unpopular- 
 ity, 13 civil reforms introduced by, 
 14 negotiations with Russia, 15 
 further reforms of, 19 firmness of, 
 1828, 50 position of, on the passage 
 of the Balkan, 136 treaty of Adrian- 
 ople, ib. et seq. commencement of 
 hostilities against Egypt, V. xxxii. 47, 
 4S his death and character, 51. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 186 
 
 HISTORY OP EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Mahmoud, sultan, of Ghuzni, the tomb 
 of, and removal of its gates, VIII. 
 xlviii. 96. 
 
 Mahommed Atta Khan, insurrection un- 
 der, VIII. xlviii. 72 defeat of, 73. 
 
 Mahommed Khan, an Affghan leader, 
 
 VI. xl. 119. 
 Mahommed Khan, abandons Emaun- 
 
 Ghur, VIII. xlix. 11. 
 
 Mahommed Shereef's fort, capture of, 
 by the Cabul insurgents, VI. xl. 105 
 recaptured by the British, 108 re- 
 captured by the Affghans, 120. 
 
 Mahommedaus, the recent wars of 
 Europe all against, III. xv. 1- of 
 India, exclusion of, from situations of 
 trust, VI. xxxix. 8 agitation among 
 the, in India, 1842, VIII. xlviii. 53. 
 
 Mahommedan corps, organisation of, by 
 the Russians, III. xv. 83. 
 
 Mahommedan kings of India, public 
 works of the, VI. xxxix. 13. 
 
 Mahommedan priests, numbers of, in 
 Russia, II. viii. 22 note. 
 
 Mahommedanism, waning of, before 
 Christianity, I. ii. 83, 84, V. xxxiii. 
 125. 
 
 Mahomet II., the conquests of, III. xiii. 
 35. 
 
 Mahomet Pacha, appointed admiral, and 
 his defeat by the Greeks, III. xiv. 77 
 approach of, to raise the siege of 
 Kars, xv. 71 combat with, 73 defeat 
 of, 74. 
 
 Mahomet Selim Pacha, grand-vizier, III. 
 xv. 50 joins the army, ib. 
 
 Mahon, lord, the historical works of, I. 
 v. 58 his copyright bill, VII. xli. 
 62. 
 
 Mahon, O'Gorman, proposes O'Connell 
 for Clare, IV. xxi. 114. 
 
 Mahrattas, discreditable terms of the 
 treaty with the, VI. xxxix. 35 it 
 finally concluded, 36 fresh confede- 
 racy of the, 45 their forces, 46 and 
 note the war with them, 47 et scq. 
 its conclusion, 51. 
 
 Mahul, M., appointed prefect of Tou- 
 louse, VII. xliv. 62. 
 
 Maidstone prison, education among cri- 
 minals in, VII. xliii. 96 note. 
 
 Maine, statistics of banks in, VI. xxxvii. 
 7 note increase of banks in, 1837, 
 23. 
 
 Maine boundary question, origin of the, 
 
 VII. xli. 89 proceedings regarding 
 it, 90 the Ashburton treaty regard- 
 ing it, 91 reflections on it, 92. 
 
 Maine-et- Loire, department of, declared 
 in state of siege, V. xxix. 50. 
 
 Maintenon, parting of Charles X. and 
 the Guard at, 111. xvii. 94. 
 
 Maison, marshal, compels Ibrahim Pacha 
 to evacuate Greece, III. xv. 140 
 offered the command of the National 
 Guard, xvii. 86 embassy of, to the 
 king, 91 his discharge of it, 93 be- 
 comes minister of foreign affairs, IV. 
 xxv. 8 becomes minister- at- war, V. 
 xxxiii. 11, 52 note. 
 
 Maitland, Sir Thomas, and the cession 
 of Parga, III. xiv. 9. 
 
 Maitland, general, defeat of American 
 sympathisers by, VI. xxxvii. 92. 
 
 Maitland, Mr, solicitor-general for Scot- 
 land, 1846, VII. xliii. 4 note. 
 
 Maitland, Admiral Sir Frederick, sent 
 out to China, VIII. xlviii. 23. 
 
 Maitland, Sir Peregrine, at Wellington's 
 funeral, VIII. lvi. 79 note. 
 
 Maize, produce of, in France, III. xvii. 
 128 note. 
 
 Majocchi, Theodore, his evidence against 
 the queen, II. x. 85. 
 
 Majorats, the law of, in France, III. xvi. 
 43. 
 
 Malacca, cession of, to the British, VI. 
 xxxix. 86. 
 
 Malachowski, general, forces under, IV. 
 xxvi. 60 at battle of Warsaw, 61, 
 62 at the assault of Warsaw, 89 
 retreat of, after the fall of Warsaw, 
 and refuses the chief command, 92. 
 
 Malaga, reception of Riego at, II. vii. 66 
 operations of Riego at, xii. 86. 
 
 Malagrowther's Letters, publication and 
 influence of, IV. xxi. 25. 
 
 Malcolm, captain, afterwards Sir John, 
 alliance negotiated with Persia in 
 1801 by, VI. xl. 25 unsuccessful em- 
 bassy to Persia, 27. 
 
 Malcolm, Sir Pulteney, at St Helena, II. 
 ix. 117. 
 
 Maldon, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Malghera, fort, at Venice, VIII. lii. 118 
 captured by the Austrians, 119. 
 
 Malibran, madame, I. v. 105. 
 
 Malleville, Leon de, minister of interior 
 under Louis Napoleon, VIII. Ii. 31 
 a member of Louis Napoleon's cabi- 
 net, lvii. 3 resigns, ib. 
 
 Malligum, capture of, by the British, 
 VI. xxxix. 52. 
 
 Malmesbury, earl of, foreign secretary, 
 1852, VIII. lvi. 64 note, 66. 
 
 Malmesbury, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Malmce, the armistice of, VIII. liii. 64. 
 
 Maloun, defeat of the Ohoorkas at, VI. 
 xxxix. 42 surrender of. to the British, 
 43. 
 
 Malt, rise in the duty on, I. ii. 39 fall 
 in price of, 1782-1837, VI. xxxvii. 46 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 187 
 
 note increased consumpt of, during 
 railway mania, VII. xlii. 8 note. 
 
 Malt duties, bill for repeal of the, 1821, 
 II. x. 103. 
 
 Malt tax, the war, abolition of, I. ii. 
 23 the annual, repeal of, II. x. 129 
 defeat of ministers on the, 1833, V. 
 xxxi. 59 this vote rescinded, 60 
 motion for repeal of the, 1835, VI. 
 xxxv. 26. 
 
 Malta, Marquess of Hastings appointed 
 governor of, and his death there, VI. 
 xxxix. 52. 
 
 Malte Brun, classification of the popula- 
 tion of Turkey by, III. xiii. 17 note. 
 
 Malthus, the doctrines and works of, I. 
 v. 34 influence and spread of these, 
 35 his errors, 36 his character as a 
 political philosopher, 37 on free 
 trade in corn, VII. xli. 35. 
 
 Malwa, settlement of Pindarrees in, VI. 
 xxxix. 52. 
 
 Mama Sahib, regency of, in Gwalior, 
 VIII. xlix. 35 his dismissal, 36. 
 
 Mamelukes, massacre of, at Marseilles, 
 I. iii. 31 the massacre of the, in 
 Egypt, V. xxxii. 4. 
 
 Mamiani, M., Roman minister, fall of, 
 VIII. Iii. 77 again minister, 81 
 retires, 82. 
 
 Mammo-Khail, defeat of the Affghans at, 
 VIII. xlviii. 87. 
 
 Mamula, general, VIII. lv. 40 block- 
 ades Peterwaradein, 45. 
 
 Man, effects of education in promoting 
 the dispersion of, II. x. 62. 
 
 Manchester, insurrection planned in, I. 
 iv. 12, 14, 15 arrests at, 14 statis- 
 tics of church accommodation in, 44 
 note the Catholic cathedral at, v. 8(3 
 massacre, the so-called, II. x. 25 et 
 seq. yeomanry, at the Peterloo meet- 
 ing, 27 or Peterloo meeting, reflec- 
 tions on the, 30 and on the conduct 
 of the magistrates regarding it, 31 
 fall of wages in, 1819, 34 note effect 
 of the repeal of the combination laws 
 in, III. xix. 53 distress in, 1826, IV. 
 xxi. 2 commencement of the specu- 
 lation of 1825 in, 13 petition for, 
 government assistance from, 1826, 23 
 proposed transference of the East 
 Retford franchise to, 9G motion for 
 giving representation to, 1830, xxii. 
 43 members given to, xxiii. 42 note 
 violent reform meeting at, 104 
 violence in, on the dismissal of the 
 Grey ministry, 109 ratio of infant 
 mortality in, V. xxix. 6 the elections 
 for 1833 in, xxxi. 26 elections of 
 1835 in, VI. xxxv. 19 bill creating 
 bishopric of, 30 speech of O'Connell 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 against the Peers at, xxxvi. 22 great 
 Chartist meeting near, 1839, xxxvii. 65 
 suppression of Chartist meetingat, 67 
 commencement of the Anti-corn-law 
 League at, 70 distress in, 1841, VII. 
 xli. 19 riots in, 1842, 20 small pro- 
 portion of children at school at, 81 
 note annual increase of, xlii. 9 
 anti-corn-law meeting and subscription 
 at, 1845, 39 comparative mortality 
 in, and Surrey, xliii. 87 failure of 
 banks in, 1847, 101 amount of the 
 bankruptcies in, 1847, 114 disturb- 
 ances in, 1848, 130 high rate of in- 
 fant mortality in, 157. 
 
 Manchester and Leeds Railway, parlia- 
 mentary expenses of, VII. xlii. 5 
 note. 
 
 Manchester and Liverpool Railway, open- 
 ing of the, IV. xxii. 60. 
 
 Mandarins, powers of the, in China, 
 VIII. xlviii. 14. 
 
 Maiiderstein, general, IV. xxvi. 47. 
 
 Mangore, defeat of the Mahrattas at, 
 VIII. xlix. 41. 
 
 Manheim, murder of Kotzebue at, V. 
 xxvii. 24 execution of his murderer, 
 25 society for liberty of the press 
 at, xxx. 23. 
 
 Manilla, reduction of duties on sugar 
 from, VII. xli. 106. 
 
 Manin, a Venetian revolutionist, VIII. 
 Iii. 3 dictator of Venice, 118 et seq. 
 
 Mankind, power of thought over, 1. i. 
 50 causes which favour the disper- 
 sion of, III. xiii. 2. 
 
 Mann, captain, on the potato disease in 
 Ireland, VII. xliii; 31 note. 
 
 Mansoura, defeat of the Arabs at, V. 
 xxxiii. 110. 
 
 Manteuffel, baron de, V. xxvii. 48 
 note minister, VIII. liii. 55 views 
 of, at the Warsaw conference, 92, 
 93. 
 
 M;mtua, Austrian preparations at, VIII. 
 Iii. 31 blockade of, by the Sardinians, 
 39 movement of Charles Albert 
 against, 63 blockaded, 64 raising 
 of siege, 72. 
 
 Manuel, M., a leader of the conspiracy 
 of 1816, I. iii. 126 defeated in the 
 elections for 1817, vi. 42 returned 
 as member to the Deputies, 75 argu- 
 ments of, against the re-establishment 
 of the censorship, II. ix. 55 inflam- 
 matory address of, 75 a leader of 
 the conspiracy in the army, 80 one 
 of the leaders of the French Carbonari, 
 xi. 18 named a member of Berton's 
 provisional government, 1 9 speech 
 of, on the Spanish question, xii. 56 
 et seq. excitement caused by it, 58 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 188 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Manuel, M., continued. 
 
 his expulsion decreed, 59 scene on 
 it, 60 objects of the party of, III. 
 xvii. 102. 
 
 Manufactures, comparative exemption of, 
 from poor rates, I. ii. 40 advantages 
 of colonies as consumers of, II. vii. 3, 
 4 want of, in Spain, 8 disadvan- 
 tages of Spain for, 1 progress of, in 
 Poland under Russia, viii. 9 compar- 
 tive want of, in Russia, 20 improve- 
 ment in state of, 1821, x. 99 effects 
 of the want of, on the population of 
 Ireland, 116, IV. xxi. 164, V. xxxi. 
 53 prosperous condition of,in France, 
 
 1824, III. xvi. 12 failure of the home 
 market for, in France, xvii. 127 in- 
 creased production of, in Great Bri- 
 tain, 1817-25, xix. 3 increased pro- 
 duction of, in Great Britain, 1823-4, 8 
 comparison between importance of, 
 and agriculture, 42 total annual 
 value of, in Great Britain, ib. pros- 
 perous state of, in the beginning of 
 
 1825, 62 sound condition of, in Eng- 
 land, to end of 1824, 64 alleged 
 identity of interest of, with the far- 
 mer, IV. xxi. 38 exposition of the 
 effects of the monetary system on, 
 xxii. 12 difference between real and 
 official values of, ib. and note de- 
 pression in, 1829, 16 depreciation 
 of, 1830, 21 classes dependent 
 on, xxiii. 136 numbers dependent 
 on, 160 progress of, in Germany, 
 V. xxvii. 7 jealousy between, and 
 agriculture in Prussia, 66 com- 
 parative want of, in Germany, 83 
 distressed state of, 1833, xxxi. 56 
 India, influence of act of 1833 on, 74 
 consumption of, in the West Indies, 
 81 diminished exports of, to West 
 Indies, 104 and note improved con- 
 dition of, in England, 1834,111 pub- 
 lic companies for, in France, VI. xxxiv. 
 7 note bill in France for regulating 
 infant labour in, 77 British, imports 
 of, into the United States, xxxvii. 10 
 Peel on the deficient exports of, VII. 
 xli. 29 proposed reduction of duties 
 on, 47 improved state of, 1843, &c, 
 77 effects of railway system on, xlii. 
 9 proposed withdrawal of protective 
 duties on, 48 anticipated results of 
 corn-law repeal to, 61, 62 reten- 
 tion of protection to, 90 comparative 
 consumption of, in West Indies and 
 United States, xliii. 11 anticipated 
 effects of Mr Fielden's factory bill on, 
 89 depression caused to, 1817, by 
 high price of cotton. 116 influence 
 of capital in, compared with agricul- 
 
 The L 
 
 ture, 155 for export, influence of, in 
 arresting population, VIII. lvii. 62. 
 Manufacturers, the, distress among, on 
 the peace, I. ii. 4, 8 combinations 
 among, III. xix. 53 distress among, 
 in the opening of 1826, IV. xxi. 1 
 agitation among, 1826, for repeal 
 of the corn laws, 33 revolt among, in 
 Prussia, 1844, V. xxvii. 72 schism 
 between, and the working classes in 
 France, xxx. 63 distress of, in 
 France, 1837, xxxiii. 91 distress 
 of, in Great Britain, 1839, VI. 
 xxxvii. 39 influence of contraction 
 of the currency on, xxxviii. 36 
 arguments used by the anti-corn-law 
 agitators to, VII. xli. 25. 
 
 Manufacturing capital, destruction of, in 
 France by the revolution, III. xvii. 131. 
 
 Manufacturing classes, effects of the 
 high prices of 1817 on the, I. iv. 9 
 distress among the, 1826, IV. xxi. 41. 
 
 Manufacturing districts, the, threatening 
 state of, 1817, I. iv. 15 grant for new 
 churches in, III. xix. 15 of Germany, 
 feeling, &c. in, V. xxvii. 79 prevalence 
 of physical deformity in, in France, 
 xxix. 5 infant mortality in those of 
 England, 6 rates of mortality in, 
 1841, VII. xli. 17 note general dis- 
 tress in, 1841, 19 immigration of 
 workmen to, 28 necessity for regu- 
 lating infant labour in, 81 large mor- 
 tality in, xliii. 87 extreme suffering 
 in, 1848,' 126 of France, increase in 
 population of, 158. 
 
 Manufacturing interest, the, growth of, 
 under the protective system, IV. xxiii. 
 4 representation of, under the old 
 constitution, 123 the old protective 
 system toward, 124 strength of, and 
 its influence on the repeal of the corn 
 laws, VII. xlii. 89. 
 
 Manufacturing towns, the, inability of, 
 to support their population, I. i. 44 
 and note the refusal by the Con- 
 servatives of representation to, IV. 
 xxiii. 138, 139 opposition to the 
 sliding scale in, VII. xli. 41 small 
 proportion of children at school in, 81 
 note statistics of mortality in, com- 
 pared with the country, xliii. 93 the 
 French, disorders in, 1S4S, VIII. 1. 62. 
 
 Manufacturing wealth, increase of, its 
 effect in stimulating the desire for re- 
 form, I V. xxii. 2. 
 
 Manures, imported, abolition of dutvon, 
 VII. xlii. 15. 
 
 Manuring, system of, in China, VIII. 
 xlviii. 12. 
 
 Mapu, M., minister of public works, VIII. 
 lvii. 34. 
 arjc Roman numerals refer to (he Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 189 
 
 Mar, reversal of attainder of family of, 
 
 IV. xx. 29. 
 
 Maranon, Antonio, the Trappist, II. xi. 
 55 his character, followers, &c. 56 
 defeat of, at Cervera, 57 captures 
 Urgel, 60 successes of, 74 defeated 
 and retires to France, 76. 
 
 Maransin, general, a leader of the con- 
 spiracy in the army, II. ix. 81. 
 
 Marash, defeat of the Turks at, III. xv. 
 127. 
 
 Marathon, defeat of the Turks at, III. 
 xiv. 113. 
 
 Marbois, M. de, dismissed from the 
 ministry, I. hi. 122 retirement of, 
 
 V. xxx. 40. 
 
 Marcellus, M., ambassador at London, 
 letter to Chateaubriand from, II. xii. 
 64 note portrait of Canning by him, 
 65 conversation between them, 67 
 note on the views of Canning regard- 
 ing the South American republics, 101 
 note refuses office under Polignac, 
 III. xvii. 30. 
 
 Marchand, one of Napoleon's attendants 
 at St Helena, II. ix. 116. 
 
 Marchangy, M., conducts the trial of the 
 Bochelle conspirators, II. xi. 20. 
 
 Marchant, Sir Denis le, IV. xxiii. 4G 
 note. 
 
 Marche des Innocens, defeat of the Swiss 
 Guard at the, III. xvii. 73. 
 
 Marche St Martin, capture of the, by the 
 insurgents, V. xxix. 69. 
 
 Marchetti, count, ministry of, VIII. Hi. 
 24. 
 
 Marengo, campaign of, Dumas' account 
 of, III. xviii. 46. 
 
 Marenit, trial of, for the attempt to 
 assassinate Wellington, I. vi. 73. 
 
 Maret, Duke of Bassano, return of, to 
 France, II. ix. 8. 
 
 Maria, the princess, daughter of Louis 
 Philippe, death of, VI. xxxiv. 61. 
 
 Maria, donna, dethronement of, in 
 Portugal, IV. xxii. 13 expedition on 
 her behalf, 14 its failure, 15 pro- 
 jects of the Spanish liberals regarding, 
 xxiv. 67 Queen of Portugal, VII. 
 xlvi. 59. 
 
 Maria Francisca de Acis, the Infanta, 
 marriage of Don Carlos to, II. vii. 43. 
 
 Maria Isabel Francisca, the Infanta, 
 marriage of Ferdinand VII. to, II. vii. 
 43 death of, 52. 
 
 Maria Josephine, the princess, marriage 
 of Ferdinand VII. to, II. vii. 63. 
 
 Maria Theresa of Modena, the princess, 
 marriage of, to Due de Bordeaux, VII. 
 xlvi. 32. 
 
 Mariano, M., becomes minister of fin- 
 ance, II. xi. 69. 
 
 Marie, M., returned for Paris, 1842, VII. 
 xliv. 80 violent speech of, 1847, xlvii. 
 22 declares for a republic, 73 nomi- 
 nated one of the provisional govern- 
 ment, 74, 75 note organisation of 
 the Ateliers Nationaux by, VIII. 1. 15 
 votes for, 1848, 64 note a member 
 of the executive commission, 67 note. 
 
 Marie- Antoinette, godmother to Prince 
 Polignac, III. xvii. 1. 
 
 Marie Louise, the ex-empress, at Verona 
 during the congress, II. xii. 14. 
 
 Marie-Theresa, the princess, V. xxxiii. 
 63. 
 
 Marienburg, surrendered by France to 
 the allies, I. iii. 48 terms of treaty of 
 Aix-la-Chapelle regarding, vi. 69. 
 
 Marine insurance, abolition of duty on, 
 V. xxxi. 59 note reduction of duties 
 on, VII. xii. 105. 
 
 Maritime superiority, necessity of, to 
 Great Britain, VII. xliii. 166. 
 
 Marlborough, creation of peers to over- 
 throw, IV. xxiii. 157. 
 
 Marlborough, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Marley, general, forces under, for the 
 Ghoorka war, VI. xxxix. 39. 
 
 Marlow, partially disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Marmion, on, I. v. 7. 
 
 Marmont, marshal, II. xii. 99 votes for 
 the capital punishment of Ney, I. iii. 
 87 and Madame Lavalette, 93 paci- 
 fication of Lyons by, 127 solicits 
 command of the expedition to Algiers, 
 III. xvii. 42 commands the military 
 in Paris, 61 first arrangements of, 
 and force under him, 66 his plan of 
 operations, and commencement of the 
 conflict, 68 measures of, 70 his 
 offensive movements and their tem- 
 porary success, 71 et seq. dispositions 
 and preparations of, on the 29th, 77 
 conference with M. Arago, 78 capture 
 of the Louvre, 81 compelled to re- 
 treat, 82 interview of, with Charles 
 X. at St Cloud, 83 violent attack by 
 the Duke d'Angouleme on, 90 
 commands the escort of Charles X. to 
 the coast, 94 warrant to arrest the 
 liberal leaders given to, 105 mili- 
 tary errors committed by, in combat- 
 ing the insurrection, 110. 
 
 Marna, Ibrahim Pacha at, III. xiv. 
 158. 
 
 Marochetti, the works of, I. v. 100. 
 
 Marocco, commencement of difficulties 
 between the French government and, 
 VII. xiv. 32 which lead to a rupture, 
 33 hostilities of her troops, 34 
 bombardment of Tangicrs, 38 battle 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 190 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Marocco, continued. 
 
 of Isly, 41 et seq. peace concluded, 
 43. 
 
 Maronites, revolt of the, against Mehemet 
 Ali, V. xxxii. 56. 
 
 Marquesas, proposed formation of French 
 settlemeut in the, VII. xli. 98. 
 
 Marrast, M., editor of the Tribune, V. 
 xxx. 49, xxxiii. 21 character of, VII. 
 xliv. 100 declaration of, against the 
 Socialists, xlvii. 22 opposes the com- 
 promise regarding the banquet, 45 
 on the proposed reform banquet, 48 
 urges insurrection, 56 appointed 
 one of provisional government, 75 
 appointed a member of the College of 
 France, VIII. 1. 35 preparations of, 
 during the revolt of March, 60 votes 
 for, 1848, 64 note. 
 
 Marriage, absence of restraint on, in Ire- 
 laud. IV. xx. 4 views of the St 
 Simonians regarding, xxv. 40 Louis 
 Blanc on, in France, V. xxix. 4 de- 
 nunciation of, by the St Simonians, 
 xxx. 8 principles of Prussian con- 
 dition of 1848 regarding, VIII. liii. 62. 
 
 Marriages, encouragement of, by the 
 priests in Ireland, IV. xxi. 164 Dis- 
 senters' bill regarding, VI. xxxv. 30, 
 xxxvi. 48. 
 
 Marryat, Mr, arguments of, against the 
 reciprocity system, III. xix. 27. 
 
 Marryat, captain, operations of, in Bur- 
 mah,'VI. xxxix. 59. 
 
 Mars, mademoiselle, the actress, III. 
 xviii. 80. 
 
 Marseilles, royalist reaction in, after 
 Waterloo, I. iii. 30 massacres by the 
 royalists in, 31 insurrectionary at- 
 tempt at, 1821, II. xi. 23 the revolu- 
 tion of 1830 at, IV. xxiv. 46 landing 
 of the Duchess do Berri at, V. xxix. 
 42 abortive rising at, 43 the Duke 
 of Orleans at, xxx. 6 insurrection at, 
 1834, 47 proposed railway from Paris 
 to, VI. xxxiv. 8 and to Avignon 
 from, ib. reform banquet at, VII. 
 xliv. 32 line of steamers to Mexico 
 from, 43 proposed railway from 
 Paris to, 79 and from Bordeaux, ib. 
 suspension of cash payments by bank 
 of, VIII. 1. 26 revolt at, 97. 
 
 Marshall, colonel, defeat of AfFghan in- 
 surgents by, VI. xl. 94. 
 
 Marta, defeat of the French near, V. 
 xxxiii. 101. 
 
 Martaban, capture of, by the British, VI. 
 xxxix. 60 capture of fort of, VIII. 
 xlix.114 defeat of the Burmese at,l 16. 
 
 Martial law, proposed by the coercion 
 act of 1833, V. xxxi. 34. 
 
 Martignac, M. dc, proclamation to the 
 
 The L 
 
 Spaniards drawn up by, II. xii. 75 
 arguments of, for the indemnity to the 
 emigrants, III. xvi. 17, 18 73 mi- 
 nistry formed by, ib.- his character, 
 75 approaching fall of, 86 defeat of, 
 87 his reception by the king, 88 
 his position, 89 dismissed from office, 
 91 takes the oaths to Louis Philippe, 
 IV. xxiv. 44 counsel for Peyronnet 
 on his trial, xxv. 1 arguments of, on 
 the law against the Bourbons, 89. 
 
 Martin, the paintings of, I. v. 95. 
 
 Martin du Nord, M., becomes minister 
 of commerce, V. xxxiii. 71 note 
 minister of justice, VI. xxxiv. 102 
 note arguments of, on the case of the 
 Jesuits, VII. xlvi. 8 moves continu- 
 ing the dictatorship to Cavaignac, 
 VIII. 1. 97. 
 
 Martineau, Miss, the works of, I. v. 61 
 on the examination of the Radical 
 leaders, II. x. 36 on the increased 
 desire for reform in the country, 105 
 note on the death of Lord Castle- 
 roagh, 154 note on emigration, IV. 
 xxi. 26 on the Catholic question, 
 1829, 129 on O'Connell, 154 on the 
 results of emancipation in Ireland, 1C3 
 on the general distress in 1829, 
 xxii. 16 on the character of O'Con- 
 nell, 59 note on the preparations of 
 the political unions, 1831, xxiii. 69 on 
 the anti-reform petition from Bristol, 
 71 note -on the vote of the bishops 
 for the reform bill, 105 character of 
 Earl Grey by, V. xxxi. 163 on the 
 benefit to the working classes from 
 railways, VII. xlii. 10. 
 
 Martinez de la Rosa, Ignaco, president 
 of the privy council, II. xii. 95 a 
 member of the Spanish committee iu 
 France, IV. xxiv. 66. 
 
 Mary, the princess, afterwards Duchess 
 of Parma, daughter of the Duke de 
 Berri, II. ix. 33. 
 
 Maryborough, lord, postmaster-general, 
 1835, VI. xxxv. 16 note. 
 
 Maryland, statistics of banks in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 7 note. 
 
 Marylebono, statistics of church accom- 
 modation in, I. iv. 44 note. 
 
 Mascara, capture of, by the French, V. 
 xxxiii. 102 destroyed, 103 again 
 captured by them, VII. xlv. 27. 
 
 Massa, the Duchess de Berri at, V. xxix. 
 40 her departure from it, 41. 
 
 Massachusetts, statistics of banks in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 7 note increase of banks in, 
 1837, 23 miles of railway in, VII. 
 xlvii. 122 note. 
 
 Mastai, cardinal, elected Pope as Pius 
 IX., VII. xlvi. 62. 
 
 anjc Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ]91 
 
 Masters, contest between the, and the 
 workmen at Lyons, V. xxix. 9 com- 
 mencement of war between, and work- 
 men, VIII. lvi. 3. 
 
 Masterman, Mr, return of, for London, 
 
 VI. xxxviii. 57. 
 
 Matadoff, general, defeat of the Turks 
 by, III. xv. 127. 
 
 Matchin, fort of, III. xv. 38 surrenders 
 to the Russians, 42. 
 
 Mathew, Father, and the temperance 
 movement, VII. xli. 65. 
 
 Mathews, the comedian, I. v. 105. 
 
 Mathieu, General Maurice, made a peer, 
 I. vi. 96. 
 
 Mattaflorida, the marquis, II. vii. 85. 
 
 Mauguiu, M., III. xvii. 62, 67 note, 74 
 note during the Three Days, 74 
 signs dethronement of the king, 87 
 at the Hotel de Ville, IV. xxiv. 23 
 arguments of, on foreign affairs, 1831, 
 xxv. 79 et seq. preparations for new 
 insurrection by, V. xxix. 56 at La- 
 marque's funeral, 58, 61. 
 
 Mauguin, captain, murder of, VIII. 1. 89. 
 
 Maule, Mr Fox, war secretary, 1846, 
 
 VII. xliii. 4 note opposes Mr Layard's 
 motion on the army, 23 introduction 
 of limited service system into the 
 army, 94. 
 
 Maulian, defeat of Spanish refugees at, 
 
 IV. xxiv. 68. 
 Maupas, M. de, and the coup d'etat, 
 
 VIII. lvii. 48. 
 
 Mauritius, conquest of the, by the 
 British, VI. xxxix. 38 estimated 
 supply of sugar from the, 1847, VII. 
 xliii. 5 note. 
 
 Mavro, Peter, a leader of the Greek 
 insurrection, III. xiv. 21. 
 
 Mavrocordato, prince, defeat of, at 
 Patras, III. xiv. 45 first president of 
 Greece, 54 expedition into Epirus 
 under, and his failure, 68 defence of 
 Missolonghi by, 74 dissensions be- 
 tween, and Ipsilanti, 88 at the battle 
 of Mount Helicon, 92 supports the 
 legislative against Colocotroni, 99 
 operations under, in 1825, 120 escape 
 of, at Sphacteria, 122 negotiations 
 between, and Mr Stratford Canning, 
 143 Greek minister, VII. xlvi. 57 
 civil war under, 58. 
 
 Mavromichaelis, resignation of, III. xiv. 
 93 measures of, against the legisla- 
 tive, 99. 
 
 Maximilian, accession of, to the crown of 
 Bavaria, VIII. liii. 26. 
 
 May, captain, death of, VIII. xlviii. 78. 
 
 Mayence, provision of the Diet regard- 
 ing, V. xxvii. 5 society for liberty of 
 the press at, xxx. 23. 
 
 Mayerhofer, colonel, movements assign- 
 ed to, VIII. liv. 44 lv. 45. 
 
 Mayne, Inspector, on the 10th April 
 1848, VII. xliii. 133. 
 
 Maynooth College, opposition to the 
 grant to, IV. xxi. 160 enlarged grant 
 to, 1845, VII. xlii. 23 failure of the 
 measure, and its causes, 24, 25. 
 
 Mayors, vote of the Legislative Assem- 
 bly on the, VIII. lvii. 28. 
 
 Mazaghan, terms of treaty of La Tafna 
 regarding, V. xxxiii. 117. 
 
 Maziare, colonel, a leader of the conspi- 
 racy in the army, II. ix. 81. 
 
 Mazeena, defeat of the Affghans at, 
 VIII. xlviii. 86. 
 
 Mazzini, policy of, in Italy, VII. xlvi. 
 88 proclamation, &c. by, VIII. lii. 
 76 heads the insurgents at Rome, 
 110 his flight, 116. 
 
 Meagher, Mr, warrant for arrest of, VII. 
 xliii. 138 trial and sentence of, 140 
 and note. 
 
 Meal, prices of, in England, 1822-1825, 
 III. xix. 7 note. 
 
 Meanee, forces on both sides, position, 
 &c. at, VIII. xlix. 14 battle of, 15 
 its results, 18. 
 
 Measures, act for uniformity of, IV. xx. 
 31. 
 
 Meat, consumption of, here and in 
 Prussia, VII. xli. 31 reduction of 
 excise on, in France, 1848, VIII. 1. 
 28. 
 
 Meath, tithe agitation in, V. xxxi. 18 
 effects of the coercion act in, 44 
 note. 
 
 Mea-toom, a Burmese freebooter, defeat 
 of, VIII. xlix. 118. 
 
 Meaux, the bishop of, V. xxix. 82 
 Louis Philippe at, IV. xxv. 56. 
 
 Mechanical labour, effects of the appli- 
 cation of steam to, I. i. 41. 
 
 Mechin, M., views of, in 1819, II. ix. 
 27 indemnity to, 102 note III. xvii. 
 67 note, 74 note. 
 
 Mecklenburg, reciprocity treaty with, 
 III. xix. 29 note accepts the Ger- 
 manic constitution of 1848, VIII. liii. 
 77. 
 
 Mecklenburg Schwerin, contributions 
 fi'om France to, I. iii. 48 note repre- 
 sentation of, in the Diet, V. xxvii. 4 
 note population and military contin- 
 gent, 5 note alliance of the Duke of 
 Orleans, to princess of, xxxiii. 87 
 statistics of, VIII. liii. 5 note. 
 
 Mecklenburg Strelitz, representation of, 
 in the Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note popula- 
 tion and military contingent, 5 note. 
 
 Medea and Jason, Grillparzer's drama 
 of, V. xxviii. 26. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 192 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Medeah, capture of, by the French, IV. 
 xxv. 18 captured by Abd-el-Kadr, 
 and defeat of the French near, V. 
 xxxiii. 101 difficulties of the French 
 in, 104 effects of the cession of, to 
 Abd-el-Kadr, VII. xlv. 22 storming 
 of it by the French, 23 blockaded 
 by the Arabs, 26 relieved, 27. 
 
 Medicine, academy of, established in 
 France, II. ix. 93. 
 
 Medgeers, submission of, to the French, 
 VII. xlv. 28. 
 
 Medgoz, preparations for siege of Con- 
 stantine at, V. xxxiii. 119. 
 
 Medina, population of, III. xiii. 32 note. 
 
 Mediterranean, French and English 
 fleets in the, 1840, V. xxxii. 61 pro- 
 posed railway from the, to the Rhine, 
 
 VII. xliv. 79. 
 
 Meer Moorad Ali, governor of Scinde, 
 
 VIII. xlix. 3. 
 
 Meer-Mussidu, an Affghan chief, death 
 of, VI. xl. 120. 
 
 Meerpoor, capture of, by the British, 
 VIII. xlix. 27. 
 
 Meerza Ahmed, plans of, against Can- 
 dahar, VIII. xlviii. 75 his defeat, 
 76. 
 
 Meetings, large popular, dangers of, II. 
 x. 30 proclamation suppressing, in 
 Ireland, IV. xxi. 119. 
 
 Mehemet Ali, character and policy 
 of, V. xxxii. 3 his system of civil 
 government, 4 origin of the war with 
 Turkey, 5 forces for conquest of 
 Syria, ib. siege of Acre, 8 et seq. 
 further operations of war in Syria, 9 
 et seq. interference of Russia between 
 him and Turkey, 23 ct seq. terms 
 offered by Turkey to, 25 treaty be- 
 tween Turkey and, 28 France in- 
 clines to support him, 39 increasing 
 cordiality between France and, 44 
 mutual recriminations between, and 
 Turkey, 45 efforts of France and 
 England to avert hostilities, 46 com- 
 mencement of hostilities, 47' forces 
 of, 48 directions for the campaign, 
 ib. ultimate demands of, regarding 
 Egypt and Syria, 56 revolt of the 
 Druses, &c. against him, ib. treaty 
 of five powers for settlement of ques- 
 tions at issue, 57 its conditions regard- 
 ing him, ib. he refuses the terms, and 
 preparations of the allies against him, 
 58 submission of, after fall of Acre, 
 74 final treaty arranged, 75 support 
 given by France to, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 
 54 Thiers' support of, 88 the treaty 
 of February 13, 1841 regarding. 114. 
 
 Mehrab Khan, defence of Khelat by, and 
 his death, VI. xl. 79. 
 
 The Large lloman numerals reft 
 
 Meiuingen, accepts the Germanic con- 
 stitution of 1848, VIII. liii. 77. 
 
 Melbourne, lord, home secretary, IV. 
 xxiii. 6 note character of, 21 be- 
 comes pi'emier, V. xxxi. 142 dis- 
 missal of, by the king, 160 becomes 
 premier on Peel's resignation, VI. 
 xxxv. 44 announcement of the prin- 
 ciples of his government by, xxxvi. 1 
 Sydney Smith's character of him, 2 
 arguments of, for corporate reform 
 bill, 9 views of, as regards the creation 
 of peers, 25 motion by, on the Irish 
 corporation bill, 39 anxiety of, for 
 compromise between the two Houses, 
 66 on the annulling Lord Durham's 
 ordinance, xxxvii. 101 reasons given 
 by, for his resignation, 133 returns 
 to office, 1 35 on the household ques- 
 tion, 136 on repeal of the corn laws, 
 xxxviii. 37 declaration of, on repeal 
 of the Union, 41 announces the re- 
 signation of the ministry, 58 motion 
 by, 1842, on the corn laws, VII. xli. 
 40. 
 
 Melbourne ministry, the, formation of, 
 V. xxxi. 142 its weakness, 157 
 attacks of the press on it, 159 dis- 
 missal, 160 return to power, VI. 
 xxxv. 44 defeats of, in the elections, 
 xxxvi. 3 their proposed measures 
 of reform, 4 defeat of, on Irish church 
 bill, 19 apprehensions of, 24 gradual 
 creation of Whig peers by them, 25 
 measures of, toward Canada, 28 
 measure of, regarding the Irish cor- 
 porations, 32 attacks of the Radicals 
 on, 1837, 57 plan for abolishing 
 church-rates, 64 weakness of, 1S38, 
 and inefficient support to Lord Dur- 
 ham in Canada, xxxvii. 100 posi- 
 tion of, 126 measure suspending 
 constitution of Jamaica, 127 et seq. 
 their small majority, and resign, 132 
 real reasons for this, 133 failure of 
 the negotiation with Feel, and their 
 return to power, 135 second Jamaica 
 bill, 137 allowance to Prince Albert 
 proposed by, xxxviii. 4 reforms of 
 criminal law, 6 alliance of, with 
 O'Connell, 27 difficulties of, 1841, 40 
 new reform bill for Ireland, and its 
 fate, 41 their budget, 42 vote of 
 want of confidence in them, 54 dis- 
 solve parliament, 55 losses in the 
 elections, 57 defeated, and their re- 
 signation, 58 reflections on their fall, 
 59 et seq. 
 
 Melbourne, present price (1853) of gold 
 in, II. x. 9. 
 
 Melideah, capture of, by the French, IV. 
 xxv. IS. 
 
 to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 193 
 
 Melville, lord, resigns on Canning's ap- 
 pointment, IV. xxi. 64 becomes 
 first lord of the Admiralty, 95. 
 
 Members, number of, raised by new 
 reform bill, IV. xxiii. 93 county 
 and borough, disproportion between, 
 136. 
 
 Memoir writers, German, V. xxviii. 
 53. 
 
 M^moires d'Outre Tombe, Chateau- 
 briand's, III. xviii. 13. 
 
 Memoirs, various French, during the Re- 
 volution, III. xviii. 50. 
 
 Men, want of, in the United States, VI. 
 xxxvii. 4. 
 
 Mendelssohn as a composer, V. xxviii. 
 85. 
 
 Mendicancy, prevalence of, in Ireland, 
 IV. xx. 2. 
 
 Mendizabal, M., a member of the Spanish 
 committee in France, IV. xxiv. 66. 
 
 Meneval, anecdote of Napoleon by, III. 
 xviii. 44. 
 
 Mengee Bundoola, commander of the 
 Burmese, VI. xxxix. 63 death of, 65. 
 
 Menichini, a leader of the Neapolitan re- 
 volution, II. vii. 106. 
 
 Menotti, leader of the insurrection in 
 Modena, IV. xxv. 26 execution of, 
 27. 
 
 Menschikoff, prince, mission of, to Persia, 
 III. xv. 3 capture of Anapa by, 43 
 wounded before Varna, 55. 
 
 Mequinenza, ravages of yellow fever in, 
 II. xi. 43 capture of and massacre in, 
 by the royalists, 73 besieged by Mina, 
 76. 
 
 Mercantile aristocracy, danger from as- 
 cendancy of a, I. iv. 6 in the United 
 States, VI. xxxvii. 18. 
 
 Mercantile bank, the, in India, VI. xxxix. 
 31 note. 
 
 Mercantile capital, tax on, in Russia, II. 
 viii. 47. 
 
 Mercantile character, influence of the 
 railway mania on, VII. xlii. 6. 
 
 Mercantile interests, Peel's sympathy 
 with the, VII. xli. 10. 
 
 Merchants, the exporting, distress among, 
 on the peace, I. ii. 5 first adoption of 
 free-trade ideas by, II. x. 64 state of, 
 opening of 1826, IV. xxi. 1 and 
 bankers of London, the petition of, 
 against the reform bill, xxiii. 56 
 prosperity of, in France, xxiv. 3 anti- 
 cipations of, from the opening of the 
 East India trade, V. xxxi. 68. 
 
 Meria, revolt of, at Corunna, II. xi. 
 45. 
 
 Merick, the peasants of, immunities to, 
 
 II. viii. 65. 
 Merilhou, M., a leader of the conspiracy 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 in the army, II. ix. 80 becomes 
 minister of public instruction, IV. xxv. 
 8 succeeds Dupont de l'Eure in the 
 ministry of justice, 17 dismissal of, 
 
 47;. 
 
 Merino, the Cure, heads the insurrection 
 in Navarre, II. xi. 35 defeat of, 76 
 joined by the Conde d'Amarante, xii. 
 97. 
 
 Merithon, M., III. xvii. 62. 
 
 Merten, general, a leader of the conspir- 
 acy in the army, II. ix. 81. 
 
 Mesliers, abortive attempt at rising at, 
 V. xxix. 47. 
 
 Meslin, produce of, in France, III. xvii. 
 128 note. 
 
 Mesnard, count de, fidelity of, to Charles 
 X., III. xvii. 95 an adherent of the 
 Duchess de Berri's, V. xxix. 42. 
 
 Mesnard, mademoiselle de, V. xxix. 54. 
 
 Messager des Chambres, circulation of 
 the, III. xvii. 19 note: 
 
 Messenger of the West, suppression of 
 the, V. xxvii. 48. 
 
 Messenhauser, commander of the Vien- 
 nese insurgents, VIII. liv. 69, 70 his 
 execution, 74. 
 
 Messiah, Klopstock's, V. xxviii. 22. 
 
 Messina, insurrection at, and its bom- 
 bardment, VIII. lii. 19 desperate 
 contest in, 22 its capture, ib. 
 
 Mesta, council of the, its privileges re- 
 vived in Spain, II. vii. 37. 
 
 Metal mines, joint-stock companies for, 
 1825, III. xix. 66 note. 
 
 Metallic basis, danger of a currency based 
 on a, II. x. 14. 
 
 Metallic currency, liability of, to be 
 withdrawn, IV. xxi. 21. 
 
 Metaphysics, the Scotch school of, I. v. 
 29. 
 
 Metaxa, count, envoy from Greece to the 
 Congress of Verona, III. xiv. 83 
 Greek minister, VII. xlvi. 55 resigns, 
 57. 
 
 Metcalfe, Sir Charles, on the Bhurtpore 
 case, VI. xxxix. 80 opposes the aboli- 
 tion of half-batta, xl. 5 interim ad- 
 ministration of, in India, 14. 
 
 Metcalfe, Mr, opposes the Affghanistan 
 expedition, VI. xl. 54 note. 
 
 Metidjah, the, occupation of, by the 
 French, V. xxx. 28 its cultivation, 
 29 -terms of treaty of La Tafna re- 
 garding, xxxiii. 117 character, ex- 
 tent, &c. of, VII. xlv. 1 ravaged by 
 Abd-el-Kadr, 22 again by the Arabs, 
 25. 
 
 Metternich, prince, application of Fouche 
 to, I. iii. 40 at Aix-la-Chapelle, vi. 61, 
 76 at the Congress of Troppau, II. 
 viii. 70 represents Austria at the 
 
 to the Paragraph. ^
 
 194 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Metternicb, prince, continued. 
 
 Congress of Verona, xii. 11 interview 
 between, and Montmorency, 13 secret 
 views of, on the Spanish question, 20 
 on the influence of the press in 
 France, III. xvii. 18 on the insurrec- 
 tion against Charles X., 104 recep- 
 tion of ambassador from LouisPhilippe 
 by, IV. xxiv. 49 jealousy of France 
 aroused in, xxv. 1 policy of, in Italy, 
 1830, 25 circular of, on the effect of 
 the repressive measures, V. xxvii. 31 
 and on the Neapolitan revolution, 
 32 repressive measures of, against 
 the press, 48 unchanged supremacy 
 of, on the death of the emperor, 55 
 requires the removal of the Duchess de 
 Berri from Massa, xxix. 41 at the 
 Congress of Muntz-Graetz, xxx. 2i 
 supports France at Congress of Muntz- 
 Graetz, 27 arguments of, against dis- 
 arming, 1834, 33 arranges the treaty 
 for settlement of the East, xxxii. 57 
 opposes the proposed alliance between 
 the Princess Marie-Amelia and the 
 Duke of Orleans, xxxiii. 63 demands 
 the expulsion of Louis Napoleon from 
 Switzerland, VI. xxxiv. 20 policy of, 
 in Gallicia, VII. xlvi. 15 views and 
 policy of, 1847, in the Papal States, 
 73, 76 on the designs of the Italian 
 liberals, 88 policy of, toward Switzer- 
 land, 97 views of, on representation, 
 VIII. liii. 9 note of, to the Frankfort 
 Assembly, 72 sacking of the hotel of, 
 liv. 4 his resignation, 5, 6 retires to 
 England, 6". 
 
 Metternich, the princess, VIII. liv. 6. 
 
 Metz, M., motion by, regarding Luxem- 
 bourg, VI. xxxiv. 23. 
 
 Metz, Louis Philippe at, IV. xxv. 56 
 reform banquet at, 1840, VII. xliv. 31, 
 32. 
 
 Meunier, Francois, attempt on the life 
 of Louis Philippe by, and his sentence, 
 V. xxxiii. 88. 
 
 Mouse, navigation of, opened to Belgium, 
 V. xxix. 96. 
 
 Mexico, recognition of, by Great Britain, 
 II. xii. 104 British exports to, 105 
 note and Spanish, ib. reciprocity 
 treaty with, III. xix. 29 note formal 
 recognition of, by England, (J6 differ- 
 ences between, and France, 1S39, VI. 
 xxxiv. 27 restrictive tariff of, xxxviii. 
 50 line of steamers from Marseilles 
 to, VII. xliv. 43. 
 
 Meyer, E., letter from, during the siege 
 of Missoloughi, III. xiv. 140 note. 
 
 Miaulis, Andreas, III. xiv. 63 his career 
 and character, ib. note attack on the 
 Turkish fleet by, 64 defeat of the 
 
 Turkish fleet off Lemuos by, 98' 
 operations of, at sea, 1 09 victories of, 
 112 attempts of, to relieve Sphacteria, 
 122 naval successes of, 124 ap- 
 proaches Missolonghi, 130 raises the 
 blockade, 131 again relieves it, 134 
 again attempts it, 137, 138 de- 
 feats the Capitan Pacha near Samos, 
 148. 
 
 Michael I., extent of Russia under, II. 
 viii. 54 note. 
 
 Michael, the Grand-duke, II. viii. 112, 
 116, 131 during the revolt at St 
 Petersburg, 128 his danger, 129 - 
 fires the first cannon, ib. at the 
 coronation of Nicholas, 148 opera- 
 tions assigned to, 1828, III. xv. 34 
 commences the siege of Brahilov, 36 
 during the assault, 40 its surrender, 
 41. 
 
 Michael, a leader of the Greek insurrec- 
 tion, III. xiv. 21. 
 
 Michaud, the works of, III. xviii. 32 
 opposes the re-establishment of the 
 censorship, and dismissed from office, 
 xvi. 59. 
 
 Michel, prince, accession of, in Servia, V. 
 xxxii. 54. 
 
 Michelet, the works of, III. xviii. 40. 
 
 Michigan, statistics of banks in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 7 note. 
 
 Microcosm, Canning's connection with 
 the, II. xi. 3 note. 
 
 Microslawski, general, defence of Catania 
 by, VIII. lii. 108 revolt under, 1848, 
 liii. 49 taken prisoner, ib. heads 
 the revolt in Baden, and defeated there, 
 83. 
 
 Middle class, elevation of, to power in 
 France and England, I. i. 7 rise of a, 
 in Prussia, V. xxvii. 44 how enlisted 
 on behalf of government of Louis 
 Philippe, xxx. 3 distress of the, 1847, 
 in France, VII. xlvii. 15 discontent 
 caused by rule of, in France, VIII. 
 1.2. 
 
 Middle classes, the, prosperity of, in 
 England in the opening of 1825, III. 
 xix. 63 influence of the railway sys- 
 tem on, IV. xxii. 64 delusions among, 
 regarding the reform bill, xxiii. 70 
 predominance of, since the reform 
 bill, and danger from it, 162 annual 
 savings of, 163 alarm of, at the in- 
 come tax, VII. xii. 49 pressure of 
 the monetary crisis of 1847 on, xliii. 
 120. 
 
 Middleman, power of the, in Ireland, 
 IV. xx. 3 origin of system of, there, 
 7. 
 
 Middlesex, election of 1830 for, IV. xxii. 
 
 I'/ie Lanjc Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 195 
 
 Middleton, lord, destruction of his seat, 
 IV. xxiii. 85. 
 
 Midhurst, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Midiab, capture of, by the Russians, III. 
 xv. 135. 
 
 Midland Counties Railway, fall in, 1S46- 
 52, VII. xliii. 120 note. 
 
 Mignet, M., announcement of, regarding 
 the Duke d' Orleans, III. xvii. 79 
 supports the Orleans party in 1830, IV. 
 xxiv. 14 proceedings of, against the 
 Napoleonists, 24 efforts of, to popu- 
 larise the new dynasty, 32. 
 
 Migration, tendency to, in the youth of 
 civilisation, I. i. 69. 
 
 Miguel, Dom, heads the counter revolu- 
 tion in Portugal, II. xii. 98 named 
 generalissimo, ib. insurrection under, 
 IV. xxi. 49 usurpation of, in Portu- 
 gal, xxii. 13 refugee expedition 
 against him, 14 its failure, 15 re- 
 fused aid by England against France, 
 xxv. 77. 
 
 Miguel, M., statement of, on the Spanish 
 question, II. xii. 30. 
 
 Milah, advance of the Duke of Orleans 
 to, VI. xxxiv. 58. 
 
 Milan, democratic excitement in, 1830, 
 IV. xxv. 25 excitement against the 
 Austrians in, VII. xlvi. 78, VIII. lii. 2 
 - insurrection at, aud retreat of the 
 Austi'ians, 9 et seq. measures of pro- 
 visional government at, 30 retreat 
 of the Sardinians to, 74 its capitula- 
 tion, 75 effects of its fall in Italy, 
 77 feelings in, on the armistice, 
 100. 
 
 Milanese, conduct of the, to Charles 
 Albert, VIII. lii. 75. 
 
 Milans, general, conspiracy under, in 
 Barcelona, II. vii. 46. 
 
 Milaradowitch, general, suppression of a 
 revolt in a regiment by, II. viii. 87 
 murder of, 127. 
 
 Milav, prince, accession of, in Servia, and 
 his death, V. xxxii. 54. 
 
 Milbank Penitentiary, preparations 
 against the Chartists at, VII. xliii. 132 
 statistics of, VIII. lvi. 42 note. 
 
 Milberg, general, joins Skrzynecki, IV. 
 xxvi. 64. 
 
 Milborne, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Miles, Mr, motion by, on the sugar du- 
 ties, VII. xii. 106 motion by, for 
 relief of agricultural distress, 1845, 
 xlii. 34. 
 
 Milford Haven, garrison required for, 
 VII. xliii. 27 note. 
 
 Milianah, difficulties of the French at, V. 
 xxxiii. 104 effects of cession of, to 
 
 Abd-el-Kadr, VII. xlv. 22 French 
 expedition against, 24 blockaded by 
 the Arabs, 26 relieved by the French, 
 27. 
 
 Military, the, course to be followed b}*-, 
 in revolutionary movements, II. viL 
 124 fidelity of, during the riots in 
 Paris, 1820, ix. 78 efforts of Lafayette 
 &c, to seduce, 80, 81 at the Peterloo 
 meeting, x. 27 appearances of dis- 
 affection among, 1820, 82 first symp- 
 toms of hesitation among, in Paris, 
 III. xvi. 71 entii'e strength of, in 
 Paris at the issuing of the ordonnauces, 
 xvii. 61 defection of, at Lyons, &c, 
 1830, IV. xxiv. 46 conduct of, in 
 Belgium, 73 treachery of part of, at 
 Lyons, 1834, V. xxx. 45 conduct of, 
 at Glasgow, 1848, VII. xliii. 129 
 attempts to corrupt, in Glasgow, 1848, 
 134 the French, fidelity of, to Louis 
 Philippe, xliv. 1. 
 
 Military authorities, Ellenborough's pre- 
 ference of, VIII. xlviii. 69. 
 
 Military caste, the, in Turkey, III. xiii. 
 11. 
 
 Military colonies of Russia, organisation, 
 &c. of the, II. viii. 43 measures of 
 Alexander for extending, 66 improve- 
 ments in, 1826, III. xv. 5. 
 
 Military despotism, restoration of, by 
 Louis Napoleon in France, I. i. 22 
 general establishment of, iu Europe, 
 29 invariably the result of revolution, 
 III. xvii. 99 the result of the treason 
 of the troops in France, 107. 
 
 Military force of Great Britain, compari- 
 son of, 1792 and 1821, II. x. 103 note 
 inefficiency of, in England, 1841, 
 VII. xii. 18. See Army. 
 
 Military histories and memoirs, modern 
 French, III. xviii. 41 German, char- 
 acter of, V. xxviii. 51 et seq. 
 
 Military officers, employment of, in 
 civil situations in India, VI. xl. 8, 
 140. 
 
 Military operations, relations of the 
 railway system to, IV. xxii. 68, 69. 
 
 Military organisation, the Prussian sys- 
 tem of, V. xxvii. 43 want of, in 
 Southern Italy, VIII. lii. 126. 
 
 Military passion, strength of the, in 
 France, III. xvii. 115. 
 
 Military pensions, conversion of, 1824, 
 III. xix. 12. 
 
 Military school, establishment of, in 
 Turkey, V. xxxii. 53 value of Algeria 
 as a, VII. xlv. 9, 10. 
 
 Military service, reforns regarding lia- 
 bility to, in Turkey, V. xxxii. 52. 
 
 Military spirit, predominance of, in 
 Russia, II. viii. 14. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 19G 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Military strength, necessity for exhibi- 
 tion of, in India, VI. xxxix. 28. 
 
 Military system, effects of the, in Ger- 
 many, VIII. liii. 7. 
 
 Military training, continuance of, among 
 the Radicals, 1820, II. x. 49. 
 
 Military treason, true results of, as ex- 
 emplified in Spain, II. xii. 126. 
 
 Militia, the, embodiment of, under Lord 
 Derby, I. i. 26 note, VIII. lvi. 67 
 conduct of, in Canada during the in- 
 surrection, VI. xxxvii. 88 the Duke 
 of Wellington on, VII. xliii. 27 
 note. 
 
 Militia bill, defeat of the Russell minis- 
 try on the, VIII. lvi. 64. 
 
 Milk, joint-stock companies for, 1825, 
 III. xix. 66 note. 
 
 Mill's History of British India, I. v. 
 67. 
 
 Mill, Mr Stuart, the works of, I. v. 38. 
 
 Miller, Mr, of Dalswinton, his steam 
 boat, I. v. 3 note. 
 
 Milleret, M., III. xvii. 67 note. 
 
 Milli-Duz, pass of, III. xv. 92 combat 
 at, 93 storming of intrenched camp 
 of, by the Russians, 99. 
 
 Milloon, defeat of the Burmese at, VI. 
 xxxix. 71. 
 
 Milne, admiral, second in command at 
 Algiers, I. ii. 72, 79, 80 knighted, 
 81. 
 
 Milnes, Monkton, the poems of, I. v. 
 85. 
 
 Milodau, defeat of the Poles at, VIII. 
 liii. 49. 
 
 Milosch, prince, dethronement of, in 
 Servia, V. xxxii. 54. 
 
 Milton, the prose of, V. xxviii. 41. 
 
 Milton, lord, moves the disfranchise- 
 ment of East Retford, &c, IV. xxi. 83 
 conduct of, on the resignation of 
 the Grey ministry, xxiii. 109 defeated 
 in Northamptonshire, 1835, VI. xxxvi. 
 23. 
 
 Mina, Espoz y, revolt of, in Navarre, II. 
 vii. 36 again enters Navarre in 1820, 
 69 proceedings of, at Saragossa, &c, 
 73 appointed captain - general of 
 Galicia, 92, xi. 70 appointed captain- 
 general in Catalonia, 74 savage pro- 
 clamation and energetic proceedings 
 of, 75 successes against the royalists, 
 76 forces under, 1823, xii. 71 re- 
 treat of, before the French, 74 con- 
 tinues the war in Catalonia, 79, 83 
 revolutionary attempt of, 1S30, IV. 
 xxiv. 68 defeat and flight of, ib. 
 
 Mincio, the, retreat of Radetsky to, VIII. 
 lii. 12 passage of, by the Sardinians, 
 25 military line of. 27 operations 
 on, 31 retreat of the Sardinians 
 
 to, and its passage by the Austrians, 
 72. 
 
 Mind, influence of, in human affairs, I. i. 
 51. 
 
 Minden, imprisonment of Archbishop of 
 Cologne in, V. xxvii. 58. 
 
 Minden, the, at the battle of Algiers, I. 
 ii. 74, 77. 
 
 Minehead, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Miners, institution of the Darg among, 
 VI. xxxvii. 60. 
 
 Mines, revenue from, in Russia, II. viii. 
 47 act regarding employment of 
 females, &c. in, VII. xii. 78. 
 
 Miniacki, M., negotiations of, with Russia 
 III. xv. 6. 
 
 Mining companies, the South American, 
 of 1825, III. xix. 66 and note. 
 
 Mining districts, necessity for regulating 
 infant labour in, VII. xii. 81. 
 
 Ministers, responsibility of, declared by 
 constitution of 1830, IV. xxiv. 43. 
 
 Ministry, the selection of the, under a 
 representative government, III. xvii. 
 100 provisions of French constitu- 
 tion of 1848 regarding, VIII. Ii. 17. 
 
 Minto, earl of, postmaster-general, 1835, 
 VI. xxxv. 44 note on the state of the 
 navy, 1840, xxxviii. 35 becomes 
 governor-general of India, xxxix. 37 
 his administration, 38 treaty con- 
 cluded with Affghanistan by, xl. 26 
 privy seal, 1846, VII. xliii. 4 note 
 mission of, to Italy, 1847, xlvi. 78 
 the instructions to him, ib. note ex- 
 citement caused by his arrival at 
 Rome, 81 effects of his visit to 
 Naples, 84. 
 
 Miralles, a royalist leader, II. xi. 60. 
 
 Miranda, the count, II. vii. 90. 
 
 Mirbel, dismissed from the council of 
 state, II. ix. 87. 
 
 Misas, heads the royalists in Catalonia, 
 II. xi. 55 defeat of, 58. 
 
 Missionaries, riots of the planters against 
 the, V. xxxi. 86 connection of. with 
 the slave insurrection of 1831, 88 in 
 the West Indies, VI. xxxvii. 123 the 
 English, in Tahiti and the South Sea 
 Islands, VII. xii. 97 interference of 
 the French, 98. 
 
 Missionary enterprise, failure of, I. i. 
 73. 
 
 Mississippi, statistics of banks in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 7 note. 
 
 Missolonghi, revolt of, III. xiv. 35 first 
 siege of, 74 commencement of second 
 siege of, 96 is raised, ib. arrival of 
 Lord Byron at, 101 preparations of 
 the Turks for the siege of, 119 in- 
 vested by the Turks, 121 commcncc- 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 197 
 
 ment of second siege of, 129 first 
 operations of it, 130 the blockade 
 raised by sea, 131 attack on the 
 town by a mound and its defeat, 132 
 third assault repulsed, 133 critical 
 position of the Turks, 134 heroism 
 of the garrison, 135 progress of the 
 Turks, 136 plan of a general sortie, 
 137, 138 its commencement, 139 
 and issue, 140 effects of the defence, 
 141 recaptured by the Greeks, xv. 
 141 included in Kingdom of Greece, 
 142. 
 
 Missouri, statistics of banks in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 7 note. 
 
 Mitchell, John, the Irish revolutionist, 
 VII. xliii. 138. 
 
 Mitford, the historical works of, I. v. 
 63. 
 
 Mitford, ensign, VIII. lvi. 71 note. 
 
 Mittermayer, M., president of the Vor 
 parliament, VIII. liii. 32. 
 
 Mitylene, population of, III. xiii. 32 
 note. 
 
 Mixed commission, the, for settling the 
 allied claims against France, I. vi. 
 29. 
 
 Mixed marriages, dispute between Prus- 
 sia and the Pope regarding, V. xxvii. 
 58 final arrangement of the question, 
 59. 
 
 Mixed standard, a, proposed, IV. xxii. 
 32 arguments against it, ib. note. 
 
 Mocenigo, count, II. viii. 82. 
 
 Modena, the princess of, at Verona 
 during the congress, II. xii. 14 revo- 
 lutionary excitement in, 1830, IV. 
 xxiv. 87 democratic insurrection in, 
 1830, xxv. 25, 26 its suppression, 27 
 duke of, applies for aid to Austria, 
 1830, ib. entry of Austrians into 
 duchy of, 1848, VIII. lii. 2 volun- 
 teers, &c. from, 26 terms of armi- 
 stice regarding, 76, 98 occupation of, 
 by the Austrians, 77. 
 
 Modlin, fortress of, IV. xxvi. 45, 46 
 surrender of, to the Poles, 25. 
 
 Modon, defeat of the Greeks near, III. 
 xiv. 120, 121 defeat of the Egyptian 
 fleet at, 124 sale of Greek captives 
 at, 128 surrender of, by the Turks, 
 xv. 140 evacuation of, by the French, 
 
 V. xxxii. 38. 
 
 Moerder, colonel, II. viii. 1 24. 
 Mogadore, bombardment of, by the 
 
 French, VII. xlv. 38. 
 Mogul emperors, public works of the, 
 
 VI. xxxix. 13. 
 
 Mohammed ben Abdallah, an Arab chief, 
 
 VII. xlv. 28. 
 
 Moharem Bey, the, at Navarino, III. 
 xiv. 161, 162. 
 
 Moira, earl, see Hastings. 
 
 Molasses, increased consumpt of, during 
 railway mania, VII. xlii. 8 note im- 
 ports of, from West Indies, 1847-9, 
 17 note. 
 
 Moldavia, the revolt of Prince Ipsilanti 
 in, II. viii. 88 exports of grain from, 
 III. xiii. 21 obstacles presented to 
 an invading army by, 53 affairs of, 
 74 state of, in 1821, xiv. 13 com- 
 mencement of the insurrection in, 16 
 its suppression, 29 et seq. negotia- 
 tions regarding, in 1823, 82 demands 
 of Russia regarding, at Ackerman, xv. 
 15 provisions of that convention 
 regarding, 1 7 terms of treaty of 
 Adrianople regarding, 137, 138 pro- 
 posed cession of, to Russia, VII. xli. 
 120. 
 
 Mole, count, views of, as to the electoral 
 law, I. iii. 128 accession of, to the 
 ministry, vi. 39 sketch of his career, 
 character, &c, 40 policy advocated 
 by, in 1818, 77, 78 offers his resig- 
 nation, 78 arguments of, against the 
 new law of succession, III. xvi. 44 et 
 seq. foreign secretary under Louis 
 Philippe, IV. xxiv. 44 party and 
 views of, in the ministry, xxv. 2 
 resigns, 7 formation of ministry of, 
 1834, V. xxxiii. 5 its fall, 6 pro- 
 posed as premier, 52 ministry formed 
 by, 71 his character, 72 proposes 
 law for the disjunction of trials, 82 
 defeated on it but still holds on, 85 
 modification of his ministry, 86 
 alliance arranged for the Duke of 
 Orleans by, 87 dissolves the Cham- 
 ber, 92 majority for, in the Depu- 
 ties, 1837, VI. xxxiv. 2 majority for, 
 on the address and the secret service 
 money, 6 schism between him and 
 the Doctrinaires, and his attention to 
 the court, 1 5 negotiations with Eng- 
 land regarding Belgium, 24 coalition 
 against his ministry, and their resig- 
 nation, 32 applied to by the king 
 after Soult's fall, 73 character and 
 influence of, VII. xliv. 103 sent for 
 after Guizot's dismissal, xlvii. 59 re- 
 turned to National Assembly, VIII. 1. 
 77 at meeting with the president, 
 lvii. 25 one of committee on elec- 
 toral rights, 26 a member of the 
 permanent commission, 28 views of, 
 before the coup d'etat, 45. 
 
 Molesworth, Sir VV., on the position of 
 the Melbourne ministry, VI. xxxvi. 
 24 on the progress of Australia, 
 xxxviii. 11 new system with regard 
 to colonial lands introduced by, and 
 his death, VIII. lvi. 46. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 198 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Moliere, the comedies of, V. xxviii. 29. 
 'Moliere, marshal, at Bugeaud's funeral, 
 VIII. lvii. 19. 
 
 Molitor, count, corps under, for invasion 
 of Spain, II. xii. 70 operations of, 
 in Spain, 73 operations of, against 
 Riego, 86. 
 
 Molkte, general, defeat of the Prussians 
 by, VIII. liii. 96. 
 
 Molosch, prince, of Servia, III. xiii. II 
 the revolt of, against Turkey, 36 
 opposed to Russia, xv. 15. 
 
 Moluccas, conquest of the, by the Brit- 
 ish, VI. xxxix. 38. 
 
 Monarchy, alleged danger from reform 
 to the, IV. xxiii. 52 results of the 
 French revolution with regard to, 
 VIII. lvii. 51. 
 
 Monasteries, the, suppression of, by the 
 Cortes in 1820, II. vii. 86 violence 
 against, in Barcelona, &c, 89. 
 
 Moncey, marshal, declines presiding at 
 the trial of Key, I. iii. 84 corps 
 under, for invasion of Spain, II. xii. 
 70 operations of, in Spain, 74. 
 
 Monetary bill of 1819, fall of prices on 
 the, III. xix. 2. See Currency. 
 
 Monetary crisis of 1825 in England, the 
 III. xix. 79 its severity, 80 causes 
 of rise of interest during, VI. xxxv. 8 
 causes which led to the, 1847, VII. 
 xliii. 71 effects of the Irish famine 
 on it, 72 progress of the panic, 73 
 difference between this and former 
 ones, 74 debates in parliament on it, 
 75 et seq. increase of, August 1847, 
 100 bankruptcies, 101 the queen's 
 speech on, 105 increasing distress 
 from it, 114 details of railway and 
 mercantile losses, 1 1 5 immense effects 
 of, 141 lesson it taught the British 
 people, 142 it due to free trade and 
 a fettered currency, 143, 150 danger 
 of, from drain of gold, 145 approach 
 of one, 1856, 146 of 1857, 150 note 
 effects of the general, in France, 
 xliv. 41 in France, xlvii. 6, VIII. 
 1. 22 in Belgium, liii. 18. 
 
 Monetary laws, the, great effects of the 
 change in, in Great Britain, II. x. 3 
 the crash of 1825 due to, III. xix. 82 
 eii'ects of, in inducing the prosperity 
 of 1835, VI. xxxv. 12. 
 Monetary measures, influence of, in ar- 
 resting population, VIII. lvii. 62. 
 Monetary system, the, exposition of the 
 effects of, on manufactures, IV. xxii. 
 12 arguments of Mr Attwood, &c. 
 against, 32 note relations of the 
 railway system to, 63 its influence in 
 inducing the fall of the Wellington 
 ministry, xxiii. 3 effects of, on the 
 
 moneyed and producing classes, 163 
 peculiarities of, England, VI. xxxv. 5 
 Peel's, how it fosters speculation, 
 VII. xliii. 152, 153. 
 Money, increased value of, from the 
 currency bill of 1819, I. i. 6 effects 
 of the contraction of the currency on 
 the value of, 26 changes in the value 
 of, and effects of its abundance, 32 
 policy of the Spanish government 
 with regard to, II. vii. 12 effect of 
 the bank restriction act on value 
 of, IV. xxii. 28 effect of the contrac- 
 tion of the currency on the value of, 
 xxiii. 130 want of, in the United 
 States, VI. xxxvii. 4 change in value 
 of, by the gold discoveries, VII. xliii. 
 165 scarcity of, in Paris, 1848, VIII. 
 
 I. 12. 
 Moneyed aristocracy, predominance given 
 
 by the reform bill to the, VI. xxxvii. 
 3. 
 
 Moneyed classes, the, danger from as- 
 cendancy of, I. iv. 6 their possession 
 of the close boroughs, IV. xxiii. 131 
 influence of, in the boroughs, 144 
 way in which they obtained their pre- 
 dominance, 163 is it the result of a 
 general law ? 165 dangers from pre- 
 dominance of, in France, VII. xliv. 
 78. 
 
 Moneyed interest, the, predominance of, 
 in Great Britain, and its effects, I. i. 6 
 strength of, and its influence on 
 the repeal of the corn laws, VII. xlii. 
 89. 
 
 Mouiteur, circulation of the, III. xvii. 19 
 note declaration in the, on the 
 alleged letters of Louis Philippe, VII. 
 xliv. 53. 
 
 Moniteur Republicain, the, tone of, 1 839, 
 VI. xxxiv. 40. 
 
 Monks, imprisonment of, in Saragossa, 
 
 II. vii. 80. 
 Monnier, general, made member of 
 
 Chamber of Peers, I. iii. 20. 
 Monsoon, effects of the, in India, VI. 
 
 xxxix. 11. 
 Monster meetings, the Irish, VII. xii. 
 
 68 their character, and language used 
 
 at them, 69. 
 Mont Blanc, Coleridge's ode to, I. v. 
 
 23. 
 Mont de Mnrsan, resistance to the valua- 
 tion in, VII. xliv. 61. 
 Mont St Michel, imprisonment of Barbus, 
 
 &c. in, VI. xxxiv. 42. 
 Montagues, secret society called, V. xxx. 
 
 42 note. 
 Montalembert, M. dc, a leader of the 
 
 Legitimists, VI. xxxiv. 2 heads the 
 
 clerical party in France, VII. xliv. 9 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 199 
 
 declaration of, as the head of the 
 Catholic pai-ty, xlvi. 9 on the Polish 
 question, 28 circular to the electors 
 by, 1846, 33 on the state, &c. of Italy, 
 88 on the violation of the capitula- 
 tion of Fribourg, 103 opposes the 
 constitution of 1848, VIII. li. 16 on 
 dissolution of Assembly, lvii. 11 on 
 state of France, 18 views of, as ex- 
 pressed to the president, 25 one of 
 the committee on electoral rights, 
 26 views of, before the coup d'etat, 
 45. 
 
 Montalivet, M., secretly favours the 
 Spanish revolutionists, IV. xxiv. 68 
 becomes minister of the interioi", xxv. 
 8 accompanies Polignac to prison, 13 
 tenders his resignation, 59 employ- 
 ment of Deutz by, V. xxix. 53 refuses 
 the Duchess de Berri's gift during the 
 cholera, 36 succeeds Casimir Perier 
 as premier, 37 placed at head of civil 
 list, 83, xxx. 9 minister of the in- 
 terior under Thiers, xxxiii. 52 note 
 becomes minister of interior, 86 VII. 
 xlvi. 29. 
 
 Montarlot, implicated in Riego's plot, II. 
 xi. 41. 
 
 Montauban, colonel, surrender of Abd- 
 el-Kadr to, VII. xlv. 45. 
 
 Montbel, M. de, minister of public in- 
 struction, III. xvi. 91 character of, 
 xvii. 5 becomes minister of finance, 
 50. 
 
 Montcalm, the marquise de, I. iii. 44. 
 
 Montebaldo, defeat of the Sardinians at, 
 VIII. Iii. 40 repulse of the Austrians 
 at, 65. 
 
 Montebello, the duke of, demands of, 
 regarding the refugees in Switzerland, 
 
 V. xxxiii. 68 foreign minister, 1839, 
 
 VI. xxxiv. 33 note decree against, 
 VIII. 1. 10. 
 
 Montebello, fort of, at Antwerp, V. xxix. 
 
 89. 
 Montecuculli, count, VIII. liv. 3 
 
 ministry of, 6 attempts to dissolve 
 
 the university legion, 24. 
 Moutego Bay, slave insurrection at, V. 
 
 xxxi. 88. 
 Monteith, colonel, at Jellalabad, VIII. 
 
 xlviii. 58, 65 expedition into the 
 
 Shinwarree valley under, 86 at the 
 
 Iluft-Kotul, 91. 
 Montemart, the duke de, dismissed from 
 
 office, II. xi. 70 appointed premier, 
 
 III. xvii. 85 attempt to form a 
 
 ministry under him, 86 last interview 
 
 of Polignac with, 87 last attempt at 
 
 negotiation by, 88. 
 Montero, defeat of the royalists at, II. 
 
 xi. 68. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 Montesquieu on the character of the 
 Spaniards, II. vii. 17 comparison be- 
 tween, and Guizot, III. xviii. 19. 
 
 Montesquieu, the abbe", made member of 
 Chamber of Peers, I. iii. 20. 
 
 Montesquiou, M. de, IV. xxiv. 18. 
 
 Montessuy, M., proceedings of, in Sicily, 
 VII. xlvi. 87. 
 
 Monte Video, the blockade of, 1847, VII. 
 xlvi. 59. 
 
 Montfaucon, cholera at, V. xxix. 32 
 note. 
 
 Moutgomerie's Tavern, defeat of the 
 Canadian insurgents at, VI. xxxvii. 
 87. 
 
 Montholon, count, at St Helena, II. ix. 
 116 Napoleon's memoirs dictated to, 
 
 III. xviii. 43 accompanies Louis 
 Napoleon to Boulogne, VI. xxxiv. 
 81. 
 
 Monthly Review, the, I. v. 42, 43. 
 
 Montjoie, madame de, IV. xxiv. 17. 
 
 Montlaville, M. Chapuis, on the law 
 against associations, V. xxx. 36. 
 
 Montlouis, the count de, an opponent of 
 the Parti-pretre, III. xvi. 11 de- 
 nunciation of the Jesuits by, 55. 
 
 Montmorency, Count Mathieu de, made 
 member of Chamber of Peers, I. iii. 
 20 becomes minister of foreign 
 affairs, II. ix. 107 character of, xi. 12 
 interview between, and Metternich, 
 xii. 1 3 represents France at the Con- 
 gress of Verona, 11 instructions of 
 the government to, on the Spanish 
 question, 1 8 views of, on the results 
 of the congress, 22, 23 created a 
 duke, 23 account by him of his pro- 
 ceedings, 24 his resignation of office, 
 25 a leader of the Parti-pretre, III. 
 xvi. 1 resigns under Louis Philippe, 
 
 IV. xxiv. 44. 
 
 Montmorency, the prince de, III. xvi. 
 
 14. 
 Montmorency, duke de, preceptor to the 
 
 Duke de Bordeaux, and his death, III. 
 
 xvi. 54. 
 Montmorency family, share of the 
 
 indemnity received by the, III. xvi. 
 
 32. 
 Montour, trial of, for the forgery of the 
 
 Louis Philippe letters, VII. xliv. 
 
 55. 
 Montpellier, depressed state of, 1831, V. 
 
 xxix. 2 resistance to the valuation in, 
 
 VII. xliv. 61. 
 Montpensier, due de, proposed marriage 
 
 of Infanta of Spain to, VII. xlvi. 38 
 
 the marriage, 46 measures recom- 
 mended at cabinet council by, xlvii. 
 
 55 urges the abdication of Louis 
 
 Philippe, 6Q. 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 00 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Montpensier, the ducbesse de, VII. xlvii. 
 65. 
 
 Montreal, loyalty of, during the insur- 
 rection, VI. xxxvii. 80 trials, &c. of 
 insurgents at, 1 07. 
 
 Montrouge, the Jesuit seminary at, III. 
 xvi. 9. 
 
 Monza, advance of the Austrians to, 
 VIII. Hi. 75. 
 
 Moodie, colonel, murder of, by the Cana- 
 dian insurgents, VI. xxxvii. 85. 
 
 Moodkee, battle of, VIII. xlix. 63 its 
 results, 65. 
 
 Mookoor, check of the British at, VIII. 
 xlviii. 94. 
 
 Moolraj, revolt of, and murder of Ander- 
 son and Vans Agnew, VIII. xlix. 94 
 defence of Mooltan by, 108 his 
 surrender and trial, 109. 
 
 Mooltan, Sikh population of, VIII. xlix. 
 51 fortress of, 52 revolt of, and 
 murder of Anderson and Vans Agnew, 
 94 defeats of the Sikhs near, and 
 commencement of siege, 95 it is 
 raised, 96 resumption of siege of, 
 108 storming of it, 109. 
 
 Moors, the, in Spain, II. vii. 1 national 
 character of, in Spain, 9 their expul- 
 sion and its effects, ib. effects of the 
 long-continued hostility with them, 
 11 number of, in Algiers, III. xvii. 
 48 note. 
 
 Moore, Thomas, the lyrical poems of, I. 
 v. 14 his oriental turn of mind, and 
 satires, 15 his conversation, &c, ib. 
 note his Life of Byron, 14. 
 
 Moorhouse, an associate of Hunt's, II. x. 
 29. 
 
 Morai, defeat of the Russians at, III. 
 xv. 52. 
 
 Moral complicity, doctrine of, advanced 
 by the French lawyers, dangers of it, 
 &c, VII. xliv. 67. 
 
 Morality, relations of education to, I. i. 
 47 why education fails to advance, 49. 
 
 Moravia, originally a part of Poland, IV. 
 xxvi. 7 education and crime in, Y. 
 xxvii. 11 note. 
 
 Morea, the, insurrections against the 
 Turks in, III. xiii. 76 depopula- 
 tion of it, ib. commencement of the 
 insurrection in, xiv. 21 its spread 
 there, 22 successes of the Turks in, 
 36 fortresses of, relieved by the 
 Turks, 59 invasion of, by Chour- 
 chid Pacha, 70 his defeat and re- 
 treat, 71 landing and first operations 
 of Ibrahim Pacha in, 120 guerilla 
 warfare in, 128 operations in, after 
 the fall of Missolonghi, 147 opera- 
 tions and cruelties of Ibrahim in, 158 
 expulsion of the Turks from, xv. 
 
 The La 
 
 140 ravages of brigands in, V. xxxii. 
 38. 
 Morea, castle of, relieved by the Turks, 
 
 III. xiv. 91 captured from the 
 Turks, xv. 1 40. 
 
 Moreda, arrest of Riego by, II. xi. 41 
 obliged to resign, 44. 
 
 Morelli, a leader of the Neapolitan re- 
 volution, II. vii. 106. 
 
 Moreno, a leader in the Cortes of 1820, 
 II. vii. 84. 
 
 Moreno, colonel, a Spanish revolutionist, 
 
 IV. xxiv. 67. 
 
 Morey, execution of, as an accomplice 
 of Fieschi's, V. xxxiii. 34. 
 
 Morgui, cession of, to the British, VI. 
 xxxix. 72. 
 
 Morier, Mr, British minister in Switzer- 
 land, VII. xlvi. 99. 
 
 Morning Journal, prosecution of the, 
 IV. xxii. 55. 
 
 Moray, M. de, VII. xlvii. 77 and the 
 coup d'etat, VIII. lvii. 48. 
 
 Morousi, Prince Constantine, execution 
 of, III. xiv. 24. 
 
 Morpeth, lord, amendment to address 
 moved by, 1835, VI. xxxv. 23 intro- 
 duces the Irish church bill, xxxvi. 
 40 banquet to, at Leeds, and his 
 speech, 55 brings in the Irish muni- 
 cipal bill, 1840, 69 defeated in York- 
 shire, 1841, xxxviii. 57 joins the 
 Anti-corn-law League, VII. xlii. 40 
 again returned for Yorkshire, 45 
 effect of his coercion bill in Ireland, 
 75 commissioner of woods and 
 forests, 1846, xliii. 4 note. 
 
 Morpeth, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Morrier, M., refuses to arrest Manuel, II. 
 xii. 60. 
 
 Morris, colonel, at the storming of the 
 forts of Canton, VIII. xlviii. 32. 
 
 Morris, colonel, at the battle of Isly, 
 VII. xiv. 42. 
 
 Morrison, general, operations under, in 
 Burmah, VI. xxxix. 66 storming of 
 Arracan, 67. 
 
 Mort aux Tyrans, society called, V. xxx. 
 42 note. 
 
 Mortality, ratio of, to population in 
 Glasgow, 1822-38, VI. xxxvii. 57 
 note increased, in manufacturing 
 districts, 1841, VII. xli. 17 note- 
 amount of, in Ireland during the 
 famine, xliii. 43 average rates of, in 
 Manchester and Surrey, 87 compara- 
 tive, in manufacturing towns and the 
 country, 93 comparative rates of, in 
 town and country districts, 157, VIII. 
 lvi. 35. 
 
 Mortanegem taken by Abd - el - Kadr, 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 201 
 
 and retaken by the French, V. xxxiii. 
 100 fortifying of, by Abd-el-Kadr, 
 103 terms of treaty of La Tafna re- 
 garding, 117. 
 
 Mortara, defeat of the Sardinians at, 
 VIII. lii. 91. 
 
 Mortemart, M. de, letter from Lafayette 
 to, IV. xxiv. '23 interview of, with 
 the Duke of Orleans, 26 takes the 
 oaths to Louis Philippe, 44. 
 
 Mortgages, amount of, on land in France, 
 III. xvii. 129 amount of, in Ireland, 
 
 VII. xliii. 49 pressure of, on land in 
 France, xliv. 4. 
 
 Mortier, marshal, made a chevalier of 
 the Cordon Bleu, III. xvi. 36 mission 
 of, to St Petersburg on the Eastern 
 question, V. xxxii. 27 becomes pre- 
 mier and minister-at-war, xxxiii. 6 
 difficulties of, as premier, and his re- 
 signation, 11 killed by the explosion 
 of the infernal machine, 30 his fune- 
 ral, 33. 
 
 Mortmain, extent of land held in, in 
 Turkey, III. xiii. 20. 
 
 Mosconissi Isles, revolt in the, III. xiv. 
 35. 
 
 Moscow, population of, II. viii. 20 
 educational establishments in, 21 
 the Russian army of reserve at, 48 
 measures of Alexander at, 61 organ- 
 isation of university of, 65 regiment 
 of, the revolt in, 123 coronation of 
 the Emperor Nicholas at, 148 the 
 headquarters of the Hetairia at, III. 
 xiv. 5 ravages of cholera in, V. xxix. 
 31. 
 
 Moscow campaign, Segur's account of 
 the, III. xviii. 48. 
 
 Moseley, colonel, at the passage of the 
 Khyber, VIII. xlviii. 62. 
 
 Moshesh, a Caffre chief, VIII. lvi. 50. 
 
 Mosques, landed possessions held by, in 
 Turkey, III. xiii. 20. 
 
 Moss, Mr, attack by the Chinese on, 
 
 VIII. xlviii. 24. 
 
 Mouctar, son of Ali Pacha, III. xiii. 78 
 
 and note. 
 Mouillah, combat on the, VII. xiv. 34. 
 Mouiins, reform banquet at, VII. xliv. 
 
 32. 
 Mounier, M., appointed president of the 
 
 mixed commission, I. vi. 29 called 
 
 to the council of state, 82 efforts of, 
 
 on behalf of the new electoral law, II. 
 
 ix. 63 municipal law introduced by, 
 
 99 the royalists on, 105. 
 Mountain, brigadier, at Chillianwallah, 
 
 VIII. xlix. 101 passage of the Khoree 
 
 Pass by, 10G. 
 Mountain districts, security of the, in 
 
 Turkey, III. xiii. 26. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Mountaineers, characteristics of, III. xiii. 
 
 68. 
 Mouravieff, Alexander, a leader of the 
 
 Russian conspiracy, II. viii. 118 
 
 Madame Alexander, accompanies her 
 
 husband to Siberia, 141. 
 Mouravieff, Hippolyte, arrest of, II. viii. 
 
 136. 
 Mouravieff, Captain Nikitas, a leader of 
 
 the Russian conspiracy, II. viii. 118 
 
 madame, accompanies her husband to 
 
 Siberia, 141. 
 Mouravieff - Apostol, Mathew, a leader 
 
 of the revolt, II. viii. 134 arrested, 
 
 135, 136 condemned to Siberia, 137. 
 Mouravieff-Apostol, Serge, a leader of 
 
 the revolt, II. viii. 134 arrested, 
 
 135, 136 condemned to death, 137 
 
 his execution, 139. 
 Mouravieff, general, operations under, 
 
 1829, III. xv. 91, 92 at battle of 
 
 Kainly, 95 at Milli-Duz, 99. 
 Mourillon arsenal, fire, &c. in the, VII. 
 
 xlvii. 10. 
 Moussoul, population of, III. xiii. 32 
 
 note. 
 Mouton Duvernet, general, proscribed 
 
 in 1815, I. iii. 19 execution of, 106 
 
 indemnity to, II. ix. 102 note. 
 Mouzaia, victory of the French at the, 
 
 VII. xiv. 23 reoccupied by the 
 Arabs, 24 second battle of the, 25. 
 
 Moveable property, proposed taxation 
 of, in France, VIII. li. 5. 
 
 Movement newspaper, a republic advo- 
 cated by the, V. xxix. 20. 
 
 Movement party, the English, headed 
 by the aristocracy, V. xxxi. 5. 
 
 Moza, general, defeat of, at Schwechat, 
 
 VIII. liv. 71. 
 
 Mozambano, passage of the Mincio by 
 
 the Sardinians at, VIII. lii. 32. 
 Mozart as a composer, V. xxviii. 82. 
 Muffling, baron, the memoirs of, V. 
 
 xxviii. 53. 
 Mughs, irruption of the, from Burmah 
 
 into the British territories, VI. xxxix. 
 
 54, 55. 
 Mukha-Estatt, defeat of the Turks at, 
 
 III. xv. 107. 
 Mukwanpoor, defeat of the Ghoorkas at, 
 
 VI. xxxix. 44. 
 
 Mulgrave, the earl of, becomes privy 
 seal, V. xxxi. 142 lord-lieutenant of 
 Ireland, VI. xxxv. 44 note. 
 
 Mulbar Rao, submission of, to the 
 British, VI. xxxix. 51. 
 
 MUller, the works of, V. xxviii. 45. 
 
 Mullingar, language at repeal dinner at 
 
 VII. xli. 69. 
 
 Munah, M. de, V. xxvii. 48 note. 
 Munich, prices of wheat at, 1817 and 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 202 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Munich, continued. 
 
 1819, II. x. 17 note the galleries, &c. 
 
 of, V. xxvii. 8 society for liberty of 
 
 the press at, xxx. 23 tumults at, on 
 
 the French revolution of 1848, VIII. 
 
 liii.21. 
 Muuicipal administration, reform of, in 
 
 Piedmont, VII. xlvi. 79. 
 Muuicipal assemblies, introduction of, 
 
 into Naples, II. vii. 103. 
 Municipal Guard, disbanding of the, 
 
 VIII. 1. 9. 
 Municipal institutions, establishment of, 
 
 in Sicily, II. vii. 109. 
 Municipal law, proposed new, in France, 
 
 II. ix. 99. 
 Municipal reform, effects of, in Ireland, 
 
 IV. xx. 18 amendment to address 
 on, 1835, VI. xxxv. 23 bill, the 
 Scotch, xxxvi. 5 the English, 6 
 heads of it, 7 its political bearings, 
 8- arguments for it, 9 et seq. 
 and against it, 12 et seq. its fate in 
 the House, 15 reflections on it, 16 
 its great defects, 17 true principles 
 of legislation on the subject, 18 the 
 Irish, 32 arguments for it, 33 and 
 against it, 34 et seq carried in the 
 Commons, 38 altered in the Lords, 
 and finally rejected, 39. 
 
 Municipal system, proposed reform of 
 the, in Rome, VII. xlvi. 66. 
 
 Municipalities, proposed new law for 
 the, III. xvi. 87 collision between, 
 and the government, on the valua- 
 tion, VII. xliv. 61. 
 
 Munro, SirThomas, rise of, VI. xxxix. 52. 
 
 Munscheugratz, see Muntz-Graetz. 
 
 Minister, the earl of, IV. xxii. 52. 
 
 Minister, state of the peasantry in, II. x. 
 116 famine in, 1823, 122 Catholics 
 and Protestants in, IV. xx. 25 note. 
 
 Mii nster, riot in, on the arrest of the 
 Archbishop of Cologne, V. xxvii. 59. 
 
 Muntz, Mr, motion by, against bank 
 charter act, VII. xli. 114. 
 
 Muntz-Graetz, congress of sovereigns at, 
 
 V. xxvii. 52 congress of, its objects, 
 proceedings, &c, xxx. 25, 26 resolu- 
 tion of it against propagandism, 27. 
 
 Murat, adventures of, after Waterloo, 
 I. iii. 97 lands in Corsica, 98 
 arrival, &c. at Ajaccio, 99 his land- 
 ing in Naples, 100 failure of, at 
 Pizzo, HH is arrested, 102 con- 
 demned by a court-martial, 103 his 
 execution, 104 reflections on his 
 death, &c, 105 organisation of the 
 Carbonari under, II. vii. 105 pension 
 to the widow of, VI. xxxiv. 44. 
 
 Muralfc, colonel von, at Catania, VIII. 
 Iii. 108. 
 
 Murchio, David, a leader of the revolt 
 
 at Genoa, VIII. Iii. 101. 
 Murchison, Sir Roderick, I. v. 41. 
 Murcia, royalist insurrection in, II. xi. 58, 
 Murders, increase of, in Ireland, 1832, 
 
 V. xxxi. 19 frequency of, in Ireland, 
 1838, VI. xxxviii. 26. 
 
 Murillo, general, appointed captain- 
 general at Madrid, II. xi. 35 energetic 
 proceedings of, against the mob, 38 
 resigns, 39 suppression of the tu- 
 mults caused by Riego's arrest, 42 
 energy of, against the Madrid rioters, 
 50 trial of, demanded, 55 indeci- 
 sion of, with regard to the insurrec- 
 tion of the Guard, 64, 65 defeats 
 their attack on Madrid, 66 deprived 
 of his command, 70 desertion of, to 
 the royalists, xii. 79. 
 
 Murray, Sir George, becomes colonial 
 secretary, IV. xxi. 97 master-general 
 of ordnance, 1835, VI. xxxv. 16 note 
 master-general of ordnance, 1841, 
 
 VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Murray, Mr J. A., lord advocate, 1835, 
 
 VI. xxxv. 44 note. 
 
 Museum, breaking up of the, at Paris, 
 I. iii. 27. 
 
 Mush, the pacha of, joins the Russians, 
 III. xv. 83, 84 submission of, to the 
 Russians, 104. 
 
 Music, general passion for, in Germany, 
 V. xxviii. 80 the great composers of 
 Germany, 81 et seq. 
 
 Musselburgh, virulence of cholera in, 
 V. xxxi. 9. 
 
 Mussulmans, the, in the Turkish em- 
 pire, III. xiii. 8 numbers of, in 
 European Turkey, 17 note number 
 of, in Constantinople, 42 note. 
 
 Mustapha, vizier of Scodra, III. xiv. 89. 
 
 Mustapha Pacha, defeat of, by Pozzaris, 
 III. xiv. 94, 95 commences the siege 
 of Missolonghi, 96 raises it, and re- 
 treats, lb. 
 
 Musters, Mr, destruction of his seat, and 
 death of his wife, IV. xxiii. 85. 
 
 Mutiny, appearances of, 1844, in India, 
 
 VIII. xlix. 47. 
 
 Mutiny of the fleet, Lord Exmouth's 
 conduct during the, I. ii. 69 note. 
 
 Mutton, prices of, 1824-5, III. xix. 64 
 note fall in price of, 1841 to 1845, 
 
 VII. xlii. 35 note. 
 
 Mutuellistes, secret society of the, V. 
 
 xxx. 4 3. 
 Mydan, defeat of the Affghans at, VIII. 
 
 xlviii. 97. 
 Mysore, political arrangements with, 
 
 *1834, VI. xl. 13. 
 Mysteries of Paris, Eugene Sue's, III. 
 
 xviii. 72. 
 
 The Large Romannumerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 203 
 
 N 
 
 Naatcha, Cavaignac at the siege of, VII. 
 xlv. 15. 
 
 Nadiri, Mr, at the Peterloo meeting, II. 
 x. 27. 
 
 Nadir Shah, the siege of Kars by, III. 
 xv. 69 the invasion of India by, VI. 
 xl. 18 route of, 20. 
 
 Naglos, M. de, V. xxvii. 48 note. 
 
 Nagpore, treaty with rajah of, VI. xxxix. 
 86 political arrangements with, 
 1834, xl. 13 the ex-rajah of, 17. 
 
 Nagy Sandor, general, defeat of, VIII. 
 lv. 66 execution of, 85. 
 
 Nairn, reversal of attainder of family of, 
 IV. xx. 29. 
 
 Nakbitcbevan, capture of, by the Rus- 
 sians, III. xiii. 73 province of, ceded 
 to Russia, xv. 28. 
 
 Namur, terms of treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 
 regarding, I. vi. 69. 
 
 Nanek, the founder of the Sikhs, VIII. 
 xlix. 50. 
 
 Naukin, population of, VIII. xlviii. 6 
 advance of the British to, 44. 
 
 Kan-Ling mountains, the, VIII. xlviii. 7. 
 
 Nantes, concealment of the Duchess de 
 Berri in, v. xxix. 51 her betrayal 
 and arrest, 53, 54 imprisonment of 
 Duchess de Berri in castle of, 55 
 proposed railway from Paris to, VI. 
 xxxiv. S reform banquet at, 1840, 
 VII. xliv. 31 line of steamers to 
 Brazil from, 43 proposed railway 
 from Paris to, 79 suspension of cash 
 payments by bank of, VIII. 1. 26 
 disorders at, 1848, 62. 
 
 Nantil, captain, a leader in the conspir- 
 acy in the army, II. ix. 81 escapes, 
 82. 
 
 Nao-Nehol Singh, a Sikh chief, VI. xl. 
 85. 
 
 Napier, admiral, forces under, for the 
 campaign in Syria, V. xxxii. 62 de- 
 feat of Ibrahim Pacha by, 71 at 
 bombardment of Acre, 72 offer of, 
 to Mehemet Ali, 74 measures of, in 
 Ireland, 1848, VII. xliii. 138. 
 
 Napier, Sir Charles, appointed to chief 
 command in Oude, VIII. xlix. 7 
 his first proceedings there, 8 com- 
 mences hostilities, 9 expedition 
 against Emaunghur, 10 its capture, 
 11 returns to the Indus, and fresh 
 negotiations, 12 his determination 
 to attack the Ameers, 13 advances 
 to Meanee, and his forces, 14 battle 
 of Meanee, 15 et seq. its results, 18 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 capture of Hyderabad, 19 rein- 
 forcements received by, 20 sum- 
 moned by Shere Mahommed to sur- 
 render, 22 his answer, ib. position, 
 23 battle of Hyderabad, 24 its re- 
 sults, 26 capture of Meerpoor and 
 Omercote, 27 final defeat of Shere 
 Mahommed, 28 honours conferred 
 on, 29 his civil administration, 30, 
 31 on the discontents among the 
 sepoys, 47 character of, 56 retire- 
 ment of, 92 appointed commander- 
 in-chief in India, 102 on the battle 
 of Chillianwallah, ib. note at Wel- 
 lington's funeral, lvi. 78, 79 note. 
 Napier, lord, proceedings of, in Sicily, 
 
 VII. xlvi. 87 proceedings of, in 
 China, VIII. xlviii. 19, 20 his death, 
 20. 
 
 Napier, Sir W., at Wellington's funeral, 
 
 VIII. lvi. 78 his History of the 
 Peninsular War, remarks on, I. v. 
 57. 
 
 Napierville, dispersion of Canadian in- 
 surgents at, VI. xxxvii. 104. 
 
 Naples, landing and failure of Marat in, 
 I. iii. 100 et seq. his death resolved 
 on by the court, 103 reforms intro- 
 duced into, II. vii. 101, 103 breach 
 of the king's promise of a constitu- 
 tion, 102 influence of Spain on, and 
 commencement of the revolution in, 
 106 defection of the garrison of, 107 
 the revolution in Sicily, 109 et seq. 
 rupture of negotiations between, and 
 Sicily, 113 suppression of the insur- 
 rection in Palermo, 114, 115 meet- 
 ing of the parliament, 116 the king 
 of, at the Congress of Laybach, viii. 72 
 - proceedings resolved on against the 
 revolution in, ib. war declared against 
 the revolutionists by the Congress of 
 Laybach, 77 its subjugation, and re- 
 turn of the king, 79 entrance of the 
 Austrians into, ib. reaction in, and 
 harsh measures of the royalists, 85 
 treaty" at the Congress of Verona re- 
 garding, xii. 15 reciprocity treaty 
 with, III. xix. 29 note attempted in- 
 surrection in, 1830, IV. xxv. 26 the 
 revolution in, circular of Metternich 
 regarding, V. xxvii. 32 exports to, 
 1846-9, VII. xliii. 118 note treaty 
 with, regarding the slave trade, xliv. 
 49 reception of Lord Minto in, xlvi. 
 78 publication of a constitution in, 
 1848, 85 revolution in Sicily, VIII. 
 
 to the Paragraph,.
 
 204 
 
 HISTORY OP EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Naples, continued. 
 
 Iii. 15 the king resolves to grant a 
 constitution, 18 spread of the revo- 
 lution in Sicily, 19 Neapolitan in- 
 surgents defeated by Swiss, 20 king 
 dethroned in Sicily, 21 contest in 
 Messina, 22 effect of the counter 
 revolution at, on the war in the north, 
 47 reaction in, 82 assistance from 
 England and France to the Sicilians, 
 10b' renewal of hostilities, 107 
 capture of Catania, 108 submission 
 of Palermo, and conclusion of the war, 
 109 intervention of, in Home, 113. 
 
 Napoleon, the fall of, as the completion 
 of the first drama of the Revolution, I. 
 i. 1 the press the supporters of the 
 despotism of, 52 discussion on bill 
 for the detention of, ii. 59 reaction 
 throughout France against, in 1815, 
 iii. 5 convention excluding him and 
 his family from the throne, 49 and 
 regarding the disposal of his person, 
 52 bequest by, to Cantillon, vi. 73 
 law for indemnity to donatories of, II. 
 ix. 102 character of, as revealed at 
 St Helena, 113 reflections on his cap- 
 tivity there, 111 exaggerations re- 
 garding the English treatment of him, 
 115 Lamartine's account of his exile, 
 116 irritation between him and Sir 
 H. Lowe, 117 change on him before 
 his death, 119 his death, 120 his 
 funeral, 121 sensation excited in 
 Europe, 122 the last of the men who 
 rule their age, 123 and Chateau- 
 briand, xi. 6 note, III. xviii. 8 con- 
 spiracy of Polignac, &c. against, xvii. 1 
 - causes of overthrow of, 99 the later 
 disasters of, ascribed to the Bourbons, 
 114 necessity of conquest to, 117 
 as a writer of military memoirs, xviii. 
 42 hia merits and defects, 43 his 
 disregard of truth, 44 Jomini's Life 
 of, 45 Bourrienne's Memoirs of, 51 
 the Duchess d'Abrantes', 52 at Eylau, 
 Le Gros's, 84 statue of, restored to 
 the Vendome column, IV. xxv. 55 
 services of Chlopicki under, xxvi. 23 
 estimation of Antwerp by, V. xxix. 
 84 additions to the citadel by him, 
 89 death of his son, xxx. 12 forti- 
 fication of Paris projected by, 15 
 his estimate of literary men, 55 on 
 the importance of Acre, xxxii. 7 his 
 estimate of Egypt, 40 proposed 
 removal of remains (if, to France, 
 VI. xxxiv. 78 removal of re- 
 mains of, from St Helena, 86 their 
 reinterment in the Church of the 
 Invalides, 87 political manifestations 
 on the occasion, 88 -intrigues of, 
 
 with Zemaun Shah for invasion of In- 
 dia, xl. 24 alliance of Persia with, 26. 
 
 Napoleon III., see Louis Napoleon. 
 
 Napoleonists, punishment of the leading, 
 resolved on, L iii. 18 the, views of, 
 on the conspiracy of 1815, 123 
 feelings of, on the appointment of 
 St Cyr, vi. 41 renewed activities and 
 hopes of, 1819, II. ix. 28 conspiracy 
 among, 1820, 81 views of, in France, 
 HI. xvii. 101 in France after the 
 fall of Charles X., and their chances 
 of success, IV. xxiv. 8 their defeat, 
 24 discontent of, xxv. 35 excite- 
 ment of, on the restoration of the 
 statue of Napoleon, 55 conspiracy of 
 1832, V. xxix. 23 effect of the death 
 of the Duke of Reichstadt on, xxx. 
 12 intrigues, &c. of, in Switzerland, 
 xxxiii. 68 progress of, in France, VI. 
 xxxiv. 44. 
 
 Napoli di Malvasia, capture of, by the 
 Creeks, III. xiv. 37. 
 
 Napoli di Romania, failure of the Creeks 
 before, III. xiv. 45 relieved by the 
 Turks, 59 and again, 70 capture of, 
 by the Greeks, 76 removal of the 
 legislative body to, and its surrender 
 to them, 101 assassination of Capo 
 d'Istria at, V. xxxii. 34 establish- 
 ment of Augustin Capo d'Istria at, ib. 
 
 Narisischkine, madame, accompanies her 
 husband to Siberia, II. viii. 141. 
 
 Naselli, general, proceedings of, during 
 the revolution at Palermo, II. vii. 110 
 his failure and flight, 111. 
 
 Nassau, representation of, in the Diet, 
 V. xxvii. 4 note population and 
 military contingent, 5 note statistics 
 of, VIII. liii. 5 note a member of 
 the Zollverein, 13 excitement in, on 
 the French Revolution of 1848, 20. 
 
 Nassau, liberation of American slaves at, 
 
 VII. xli. 87. 
 
 Nation newspaper, the, in Ireland, VII. 
 xliii. 138 treasonable language of, 
 
 VI II. lvi. 52. 
 
 Nations, provision for the ultimate de- 
 cline of, I. i. 45 o\#r-estimate of 
 their capacity for freedom and its 
 results, VIII. lvii. 08. 
 
 National Assembly, decree convoking 
 the, 1848, VI ILL 30 postponed, 31 
 the elections for the, 64 its first 
 meeting, 65 Lamartine's speech on 
 foreign affairs, (S6 appointment of 
 executive commission, 67 division 
 between, and the Socialists, 69 in- 
 surrection against the, 70 its disper- 
 sion by the mob, 71, 72 its victory, 
 73, 7-1 subsequent proceedings, 75-- 
 Louis Napoleon elected to, 76 elec- 
 
 The Larye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 20." 
 
 tion3 for June, 77 measures of, 
 against the insurrection of June, 85- 
 sentence on the prisoners, 94 con- 
 tinue dictatorship to Cavaignac, 97 
 restrictive measures of, after revolt of 
 June, li. 4 election of Louis Napo- 
 leon, and his address, 19 debate on 
 Cavaignac's conduct, 22 declare Louis 
 Napoleon president, 29 feeling of, 
 toward Louis Napoleon, lvii. 1 elec- 
 tion of vice-president, 4 the finances, 
 and debate on salt duties, 5 addi- 
 tional duty on successions, 6 laws 
 regarding prison labour, 8 reaction 
 against it, 10 proposition for its dis- 
 solution, 11. 
 
 National Assembly, the German, its pro- 
 ceedings, VIII. liii. 64 debate on the 
 Frankfort insurrection, 68 jealousy 
 of Austria, 69 proceedings on the 
 execution of Blum, 71 breach with 
 Austria, 72 influence of the clubs, 73 
 crown offered to King of Prussia, 74 
 note of Austria to, 76 breach with 
 Prussia, 79 remove to Stuttgardt, ib. 
 violent proceedings there, and dis- 
 solution, 80. 
 
 National Assembly, the Greek, divisions 
 in, 1823, III. xiv. 88. 
 
 National Assembly, the Prussian, pro- 
 ceedings of, VIII. liii. 54 riot at the 
 hall, 55 collision with the crown, 56 
 they resolve to resist, 57 dissolved 
 by force, 58 continued contest, 59 
 finally dissolved, 61 the new, in 
 Prussia, proceedings of, 86 dissolved, 
 ib. new, and its measures, 88. 
 
 National Association, formation of the, 
 in France, IV. xxv. 51. 
 
 National character, not dependent on 
 institutions, I. i. 61 causes which 
 have formed, in Russia, II. viii. 37, 38 
 the British, influence of its practical 
 tendency, V. xxxi. 4 constancy of, 
 in China, VIII. xlviii. 2. 
 
 National Convention, the Chartist, VI. 
 xxxvii. 631848, VII. xliii. 133. 
 
 National danger, peculiai - , accruing from 
 the revolution of 1848, I. i. 23. 
 
 National debt, the French, law for re- 
 ducing the interest of, II. xii. 113 
 passed by the Deputies, but thrown 
 out by the Peers, 114 measures for 
 reducing it, III. xvi. 35 1827, 52 
 statistics of it, xvii. 37 confiscation 
 of, during the revolution, 131 the 
 proposed reduction of the interest on, 
 1836, V. xxxiii. 47 difficulty of ques- 
 tion regarding it, 48 arguments for 
 it, 49 and against it, 50 fall of the 
 ministry on the question, 51 course 
 taken by Thiers on the question, 55 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 increase of, under Louis Philippe, VII. 
 xliv. 5. 
 
 National debt, Great Britain, statistics 
 of, 1820, II. x. 55 note sum applied 
 to its reduction, 1823, III. xix. 10 
 and 1824, 1 1 simplifying of the ac- 
 counts, and provision for its permanent 
 reduction, 1823, 14 reduction of, 
 1821 to 1826, 16 amount of, paid off, 
 1822-25, IV. xxi. 32 note reduction 
 of, 1S26-8, 81 amount paid off, 1829, 
 xxii. 10 practical abandonment of 
 the sinking fund, 36 et seq. increase 
 of it to 1854, 38 note reduction of it 
 from 1815 to 1830, ib. state of, 1834, 
 V. xxxi. 156 and 1845, VII. xlii. 20 
 1833 and 1852, VIII. lvi. 33 et seq. 
 
 National debt, the, of India, VI. xxxix. 
 21 note 1857, VIII. xlix. 123. 
 
 National debt, the Russian, II. viii. 47 
 note, 61 note. 
 
 National debt, the Spanish, 1818, II. vii. 
 511820, 86 note. 
 
 National defences, Lord Palmerston's 
 cabinet minute on the, VII. xliii. 27. 
 
 National distress, Mr Attwood's speech 
 on, 1833, V. xxxi. 561842, Peel on 
 the causes of, VII. xli. 28. 
 
 National education, see Education. 
 
 National Gallery, foundation of the, III. 
 xix. 15. 
 
 National Guard, review of the, by Chai'les 
 X., III. xvi. 62 its disbanding, 63 
 results of this, 64 reflections on it, 
 65 re-establishment of, by constitu- 
 tion of 1830, IV. xxiv. 43 violence of 
 the deputations of, to the king, 56 
 threatening position of, under La- 
 fayette, 59 disaffection of, in Pai'is, 
 xxv. 1 4 demands of Lafayette on its 
 behalf, 15 he is dismissed from its 
 command, 1 6 of Lyons, review of, V. 
 xxix. 10 part of them join the in- 
 surgents, 12 indecision of, during the 
 insurrection of 1832, 66 the artillery 
 disbanded, 67 failure of those of 
 Paris, 68 of the banlieue, fidelity of, 
 68, 72 fidelity of, under Louis 
 Philippe, xxx. 61 of Paris, reform 
 movement among, 1840, VII. xliv. 31 
 of Toulouse, insurrection of, 62 
 dissolved, 63 demoralisation of, in 
 France, 106, 107 discontent of, 1847, 
 xlvii. 17 invidious policy of , 1848, 52 
 they in effect join the insurgents, 
 53 during the revolt, 66 defection 
 of, from Louis Philippe, 78 decree 
 dissolving the flank companies of, 
 VIII. 1. 50 demonstration against it, 
 51 during the revolt of March, 
 61 during the revolt of May 15th, 
 71, 73, 74 during the insurrection of 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 206 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 National Guard, continued. 
 
 June, 83 changes in, by Cavaignac, 
 98 dissolving of, in various parts of 
 France, lvii. 22. 
 
 National Guard, defeat and disbanding 
 of the, in Naples, VIII. lii. 20. 
 
 National Guard, establishment of a, in 
 Palermo, II. vii. 112. 
 
 National Guard, organisation of, in 
 Poland, IV. xxvi. 25. 
 
 National Guard, appointment of, in 
 Prussia, VIII. liii. 24. 
 
 National Guard, establishment of, in 
 Spain in 1820, II. vii. 78. 
 
 National independence, universal passion 
 for, VI. xxxix. 1 causes of it, 2. 
 
 National industry, exhibition of works 
 of, in France, II. ix. 7. 
 
 National intervention, limits of the right 
 of, II. viii. 74. 
 
 National newspaper, circulation of, III. 
 xvi. 1 9 note attacks of, on the 
 Polignac ministry, xvii. 6 prosecution 
 of, 33 protest against the ordonnances 
 signed in office of, 63 its office closed 
 by government, 64 supports the Duke 
 of Orleans, IV. xxiv., 15 denuncia- 
 tions of Casimir Perier by, xxv. 51 
 declaration of, for a republic, V. xxix. 
 18, 20 suppression of, 67 tone of, 
 1839, VI. xxxiv. 40 violence of, on 
 the Eastern question, 94 on the 
 general passion for reform, VII. xliv. 
 20 prosecution of, 1841, 52 publi- 
 cation of the alleged letters of Louis 
 Philippe by, 53 repeated prosecutions 
 of, 65 on the escape of Louis Na- 
 poleon, xlvi. 32 on the proposed re- 
 form banquet, xlvii. 48. 
 
 National Political Union, formation of 
 the, [V. xxiii. 91. 
 
 National progress and independence, 
 effects of free trade on, VII. xliii. 162. 
 
 National Union, the, efforts of, to coerce 
 the Peers, IV. xxiii. 104. 
 
 National workshops, establishment of, at 
 Vienna, VIII. liv. 31. 
 
 Nationality, elements of, in Greece, III. 
 xiv. 1. 
 
 Native courts, the, in India, VI. xxxix. 29. 
 
 Natural children, large proportion of, in 
 the towns of France, III. xvii. 122 
 political effects of this, 123. 
 
 Natural productions, variety of, in China, 
 VIII. xlviii. 9. 
 
 Natural Theology, Paley's, I. v. 32. 
 
 Navacta, storming and massacre of, III. 
 xiv. 69. 
 
 Naval department, the French, pecula- 
 tion, &c. in, VII. xlvii. 10. 
 
 Naval forces, the attack of land defences 
 by, VI. xxxiv. 2S et seq. 
 
 Naval pensions, conversion of, 1824, III. 
 xix. 12. 
 
 Naval school, establishment of, in Turkey, 
 V. xxxii. 53. 
 
 Naval supremacy, danger to, from alli- 
 ance between France and Spain, VII. 
 xlvi. 35. 
 
 Navarino, capture of, by the Greeks, III. 
 xiv. 37 siege of, by Ibrahim Pacha, 
 120 capture of, 123 importance of, 
 to him, 126 arrival of the Turkish 
 fleet at, 156 the allies resolve on 
 entering, 159 forces on both sides, 
 160 battle of, 161 et seq. rejoicings 
 throughout Greece on, 166 sensation 
 caused by it over Europe, 167 who 
 was the aggressor at it, 1 68 surrender 
 of, by the Turks, xv. 140 debate in 
 parliament on, IV. xxi. 98 evacua- 
 tion of, by the French, V. xxxii. 
 38. 
 
 Navarre, revolt of Mina in, II. vii. 36 
 insurrection in, 1820, 69 the members 
 returned by, to the Cortes of 1820, 79 
 reception of the decree against the 
 priests in, 89 insurrection in. against 
 the Cortes, xi. 35 disturbances in, 
 45 royalist insurrection in, 48 the 
 civil war in, 55 successes of the 
 royalists in, 58 renewed insurrection 
 in, 00. 
 
 Navarro, Philippe, a leader in the Cortes 
 of 1820, II. vii. 84. 
 
 Navigation laws, the, effects of the repeal 
 of, on shipping, I. i. 28 note Brougham 
 on, iv. 24 history of, III. xix. 20 
 retaliatory measures of other nations, 
 21 modified by Mr Wallace's five acts, 
 22 remote cause of repeal of, IV. xxi. 
 17 protective character of, xxxiii. 
 124 temporary suspension of, during 
 the famine, VII. xliii. 39 debate on, 
 1847, 85 cry for repeal of, VIII. lvi. 
 6 debates on it, 7 ct seq. the repeal 
 carried, 15 its results, 16 et seq. 
 Navigation packets, companies for, 1825, 
 
 III. xix. 66 note. 
 
 Navy, the British, present state of, I. i. 
 28 reduction in, on the peace, ii. 9 
 1818, iv. 42 motion for reduction of, 
 
 IV. xxii. 29 debates on the esti- 
 mates, 1830, 31 reductions in, 1832, 
 
 V. xxxi. 10 and 1833, 58 reduced 
 state of, in 1841, xxxii. 81 weakness 
 of, 1836, VI. xxxvi. 51 weakness of 
 the, 1810, xxxviii. 35 compared with 
 population, &c, 1792 and 1838, ib. 
 note flogging in, VII. xliii. 24 com- 
 pared with those of France and Russia, 
 1846, 271847-8, xlvi. 1071849, 
 &c, VIII. lvi. 331850, 60. 
 
 Navy, the Chinese, VIII. xlviii. 5. 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 207 
 
 Navy, the Egyptian, its organisation, 
 &c. under Mehemet Ali, V. xxxii. 3. 
 
 Navy, the French, 1826, III. xvi. 52 
 and English, 1840, V. xxxii. 61 in- 
 crease of, on the Eastern* crisis, VI. 
 xxxiv. 951848, VIII. lvii. 7. 
 
 Navy, the Russian, recruiting, organisa- 
 tion, &c. of the, II. viii. 46. 
 
 Navy, the Spanish, its former importance 
 and present state, II. vii. 6 state of, 
 1818, 50. 
 
 Navy, the Turkish, III. xiii. 43. 
 
 Navies, the continental, details of, VII. 
 xliii. 28 note. 
 
 Navy 5 per cents, the reduction of the, 
 II. x. 146. 
 
 Navy Island, occupation of, by the 
 American sympathisers, VI. xxxvii. 
 89 evacuated, 91. 
 
 Neapolitans, imprisonment of, at Paler- 
 mo, II. vii. 111. 
 
 Necker, M. de, father of Madame de 
 Stael, III. xviii. 14. 
 
 Negrier, general, operations under, in 
 Algeria, VII. xlv. 28. 
 
 Negrier, general, death of, VIII. 1. 91, 
 94. 
 
 Negroes, the, sketch of early settlement 
 of, in the West Indies, V. xxxi. 76 
 it was caused by necessity, 77 ulti- 
 mate benefits of it to them, 78 it 
 brought them to civilisation, 79 ad- 
 vantages of fixing them on particular 
 estates, 80 influence of the abolition 
 of the slave trade in effecting this, 
 81 their generally prosperous con- 
 dition, 82 insurrection of, in Jamaica, 
 1831, 87, 88 ruinous effects of eman- 
 cipation to, 105 discontent of, under 
 the apprenticeship system, VI. xxxvii. 
 117 abolition of it, 121, 122 diffi- 
 culties from their indisposition to 
 work, 123 dislike of, to continuous 
 labour, 123, 125 proposed relaxation 
 of laws for importation of, VII. xliii. 
 8 effect of the restrictions, 10. 
 
 Negro emancipation, a result of the 
 changes of 1830 in England, I. i. 9 
 remote cause of, IV. xxi. 17 scheme 
 of gradual, and its advantages, V. 
 xxxi. 83 it was rejected by the 
 planters, 85 feeling in favour of 
 immediate, 90 arguments for it in 
 parliament, 91 et seq. fatal effects of, 
 on the West Indies, 104 its ruinous 
 effects on the negroes, 105 effects of, 
 in stimulating production in the slave 
 states, 106 and on the foreign slave- 
 trade, 107 reflections on it and its 
 experienced results, 108 the true 
 causes of its failure, ib. fatal results 
 of, VI. xxxvii. 125 effects of, on pro- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 duction of sugar in the West Indies, 
 VII. xli. 106, xliii. 9 colonial dis- 
 content caused by, VIII. lvi. 45. 
 
 Negro slavery, motion and debate on, 
 1830, IV. xxii. 55 commencement of 
 the agitation on, ib. 
 
 Negropont, the Turks shut up in, III. 
 xiv. 91 relieved, ib. relieved by the 
 Turks, 104. 
 
 Nelson, the attack of, on Copenhagen, as 
 an illustration of naval attack on land 
 defences, VI. xxxiv. 29. 
 
 Nelson, Wolfred, a leader of the Cana- 
 dian insurgents, capture of, VI. xxxvii. 
 82 sentence on, 96 again heads the 
 insurgents, 104. 
 
 Nemours, duke de, designs of the Span- 
 ish liberals regarding, IV. xxiv. 67 
 a candidate for crown of Belgium, xxv. 
 20 it offered to him and refused, 21 
 - at the explosion of the infernal ma- 
 chine, V. xxxiii. 30 his horse wound- 
 ed, ib. reception of, at Berlin and 
 Vienna, 63 in Algeria, 102, 103 at 
 siege of Constantine, 119, 121, 123 
 marriage of, to the Princess of Saxe- 
 Coburg, VI. xxxiv. 71 settlement on 
 him refused by the Deputies, 72 am- 
 nesty on his marriage, 75 attempted 
 assassination of, VII. xliv. 66 named 
 by the Due d'Orleans regent, 83 de- 
 bate on the bill confirming this, 84 et 
 seq. bill carried, 91 at Milianah, 
 xlv. 27 the Prince de Joinville's 
 letter to, xlvii. 2, 3 orders the with- 
 drawal of the troops during the in- 
 surrection of 1848, 61 measures of, 
 for the escape of the royal family, 
 68 accompanies the Duchesse 
 d'Orleans to the Deputies, 69 escape 
 of, 77. 
 
 Neo Castron, capture of, by the Turks, 
 III. xiv. 123. 
 
 Nepaul, the war with, see Ghoorkas. 
 
 Nervaux, M., Cesar de, I. hi. 81. 
 
 Nesselrode, count, demands the dis- 
 banding of the army of the Loire, I. 
 iii. 25 at Aix-la-Chapelle, vi. 61 at 
 the Congress of Troppau, II. viii. 70 
 declaration of, against the revolt in 
 Moldavia, III. xiv. 19 convention 
 regarding Greece arranged by, 144 
 proclamation to the Wallachians, &c. 
 by, xv. 36 at the Congress of Muntz- 
 Graetz, V. xxx. 25. 
 
 Netherlands, Kingdom of the, effects of 
 the alliance of France and England on 
 the, I. i. 8 contributions from France 
 to, iii. 48 note treaty with, for 
 abolishing the slave trade, IV. 45 
 arrangements of the treaty of Aix-la- 
 Chapelle regarding the fortresses of, 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 208 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Netherlands, continued. 
 
 vi. 69 measures in retaliation for the 
 navigation laws by, III. xix. 24 re- 
 ciprocity treaty with, 29 note the 
 royal speech on the revolt in the, IV. 
 xxii. 71 Kingdom of, prosperity en- 
 joyed by, 69 its final dislocation, xxv. 
 20, 22 settlement of, proposed by 
 the five powers, 75 votes of, in the 
 Germanic Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note. See 
 Belgium and Holland. 
 
 Neufchatel, decision of, on the Sunder- 
 buncl, VII. xlvi. 95 measures of, to 
 prevent introduction of supplies from 
 France, 97 neuter in the contest be- 
 tween the Radicals and Sunderbund, 
 102. 
 
 Neuilly, the Duke of Orleans at, during 
 the revolution of 1830, IV. xxiv. 11, 
 16 deputation to him there, and in- 
 terview between Thiers and the duch- 
 ess, 17 sacking of chateau of, 1848, 
 VIII. 1. 4. 
 
 Neukirchen, railway between, and Wie- 
 ner-Neustadt, V. xxvii. 67. 
 
 Neumayer, general, VIII. lvii. 30. 
 
 Neuville, Hyde de, see Hyde de Neu- 
 ville. 
 
 Neva, bridge over the, II. viii. 61 danger 
 from, at St Petersburg, 93. 
 
 New Grenada, British exports to, II. xii. 
 105 note reciprocity treaty with, III. 
 xix. 29 note. 
 
 New Hampshire, statistics of banks in, 
 
 VI. xxxvii. 7 note. 
 
 New Jersey, statistics of banks in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 7 note majority against Van 
 Buren in, 29. 
 
 New Navarino, capture of, by the Turks, 
 III. xiv. 123. 
 
 New Orleans, the crash of 1837 in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 28. 
 
 New Providence, liberation of Ameri- 
 can slaves at, VII. xli. 87. 
 
 New South Wales, preponderance of 
 convicts in, VI. xxxviii. 7 sales of 
 lands in, 11. 
 
 New York, immigration into, I. i. 65 
 note statistics of banks in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 7 note petition from, in 
 favour of the banks, 21 increase of 
 banks in, 1837, 23 the crash of 1837 
 in, 28 petition from merchants of, 
 and its rejection, 29 defeat of Van 
 Buren in, ib. miles of railway in, 
 
 VII. xliii. 122 note lino of steamers 
 from Havre to, xliv. 43. 
 
 Now Zealand, colonisation of, I. i. 9 
 first settlement of British colonists in, 
 VI. xxxviii. 13 speech at Glasgow to 
 emigrants, 14. 
 
 Newcastle, the duke of, destruction of 
 
 The La 
 
 his seat at Nottingham, IV. xxiii. 
 85. 
 
 Newcastle, reform meeting at, IV. xxiii. 
 85 violent reform meeting at, 104 
 first appearance of cholera at, V. xxxi. 
 9 election of 1835 in, VI. xxxv. 19 
 suppression of Chartist meeting at, 
 xxxvii. 67 failure of banks in, 1847, 
 VII. xliii. 101. 
 
 Newhaven, landing of Louis Philippe at, 
 VII. xlvii. 77. 
 
 Newport, Sir John, amendment of, on 
 the corn bill, IV. xxi. 80. 
 
 Newport, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note the Chartist rising at, VI. 
 xxxvii. 64 its defeat, 69. 
 
 Newry, increase of, since the Union, V. 
 xxxi. 124 note. 
 
 Newspapers, law regarding the, in 
 France, II. ix. 10 the leading, of 
 Paris, and parties supporting them, 
 1819, 14 numbers of, in 1782,1790, 
 and 1821, x. 126 note joint-stock 
 companies for, lfi25, III. xix. 66 note 
 proposed reduction of duties on, IV. 
 xxiii. 29 note arbitrary suppressions 
 of, in Germany, V. xxvii. 48 pro- 
 secutions of, : under Louis Philippe, 
 xxix. 79 reduction of stamp on, VI. 
 xxxvi. 50 suppressions of, 1848, VIII. 
 li. 6. 
 
 Newspaper press, rise and influence of 
 the, in England, I. v. 114 its gene- 
 rally popular character, 115 ephe- 
 meral character of it, 116 reflections 
 on it, 117 tone, &c. of the, in France 
 in 1817, vi. 44 influence of the, in 
 France, III. xvii. 18 circulation of, 
 19 note of Paris, tone of the, 1839, 
 VI. xxxiv. 40 in the United States, 
 war of, against the banks, xxxvii. 14. 
 
 Newspaper writers, different class of, in 
 France and England, III. xviii. 74. 
 
 Newton, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42, 
 note. 
 
 Newtonbarry, tithe conflict at, 1831, 
 IV. xxiii. 99. 
 
 Ney, marshal, the arrest and trial of, 
 ordered, I. iii. 19 the treason of, 82 
 his departure from Paris, and arrest 
 at Bossonis, 83 his trial, 84 his de- 
 fence and condemnation, 85 the 
 capitulation of Paris appealed to on 
 behalf of, 86 is found guilty and sen- 
 tenced to death, 87 his death de- 
 termined on by the king, 88 his 
 execution, 89 reflections on it, 90 
 and on Wellington's connection with 
 it, 91 reflections on the death of, 74 
 indemnity to, II. ix. 102 note the 
 evidenco of Bourmont against, HI. 
 xvii. 4. 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 209 
 
 Ney, madame, and the Duke of Welling- 
 ton, I. iii. 91. 
 
 Nezib, battle of, V. xxxii. 49. 
 
 Niagara, destruction of the Caroline at, 
 VI. xxxvii. 90. 
 
 Nicholas, the emperor, ukase in favour 
 of the serfs by, II. viii. 28 on the 
 tendency of Russia toward Constantin- 
 ople, 34 on the effect of the dis- 
 tances in Russia, 39 efforts of, for 
 reducing the public expenditure, 47 
 note measures of, to check govern- 
 ment frauds, 51 gains of Russia 
 under, 54 note marriage of, to the 
 Princess Charlotte of Prussia, 59 
 circumstances attending his suc- 
 cession, 111 at first refuses the 
 crown, 115 at last proclaimed empe- 
 ror, 116 the conspiracy against him, 
 1 17 designs of the conspirators with 
 regard to, 120 the revolt against him, 
 123 his heroic conduct during it, 124 
 he advances against the rebels, 125 
 his forces, 120 attempts at media- 
 tion, 127, 128 his final victory, 129 
 his generous conduct to the privates, 
 130 commission of inquiry, 131 
 generous conduct of, to the relatives 
 of the convicts, 143 at the expiatory 
 ceremony, 144 reforms introduced in 
 all departments by, 145 great legal 
 reforms, 146 coronation of, 148 his 
 character, and parallel between him 
 and Peter the Great, 149 he is essen- 
 tially Russian, 150 his personal ap- 
 pearance, and failings, 151 motives 
 of, for his assistance to Austria in 
 1849, III. xiii. 57 views of, regarding 
 Greece, xiv. 144 rupture between 
 Russia and the Mahommedan powers 
 on his accession, xv. 2 hostilities 
 with Persia, 3 et seq.- negotiations 
 with Tuike}', and his demands, 15 
 convention of Ackerman, 16 reforms 
 introduced into Russia, 20 prepara- 
 tions for war with Turkey, 27 begins 
 the campaign against Turkey, 1S28, 
 36 designs of, 46, 47 measures of, 
 at Odessa, for prosecution of the war, 
 48 takes the command before Varna, 
 55 surrender of Varna, 61 sails for 
 Odessa, and narrow escape of, 64 
 creates Paskewitch a field-marshal, 110 
 views of, regarding Greece, 144 
 reception of ambassador from Louis 
 Philippe by, IV. xxiv. 48 unsuccess- 
 ful negotiations of the Poles with, 
 xx vi. 27 proclamation and prepara- 
 tions of, against Poland, 33 rejects 
 all efforts at accommodation, 39 
 formally dethroned by the Polish Diet, 
 40 cruelties of, in Poland after the 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 war, and his conduct during the 
 cholera, 94 meeting of, with the 
 Emperor Francis and Frederick Wil- 
 liam at Munschengratz, and measures 
 resolved on, V. xxvii. 52 connection 
 between, and the King of Prussia, 87 
 at the Congress of Muntz-Graetz, 
 xxx. 25, 26 interference of, between 
 Turkey and Egypt, xxxii. 23 et seq. 
 reception of Lord Durham by, &c, 
 27 the presidency of Greece con- 
 ferred on his secretary, 33 declara- 
 tion of, regarding Egypt, 40 visit of, 
 to England, VII. xli. 119 its political 
 objects, 120 investments of, in 
 British funds, xliii. 99 purchases of, 
 in French funds, 1846, xlvii. 6 pro- 
 posals of, regarding settlement of 
 Germany, VIII. liii. 92 part taken 
 by, in Schleswig question, 97 re- 
 solves on assisting Austria against 
 Hungary, lv. 39 proclamation to his 
 troops after the close of the Hun- 
 garian war, 86. 
 
 Nicholl, Dr, judge-advocate, 1841, VII. 
 xli. 14 note. 
 
 Nicholl, Mr, on the Scotch poor-law, 
 
 VII. xlii. 29 note. 
 
 Nicholls, Mr, his report on the Irish 
 poor, VI. xxxvi. 47 on the state of 
 Ireland during the famine, VII. xliii. 34. 
 
 Nicholls, General Sir Jasper, at the assault 
 of Bhurtpore, VI. xxxix. 83, 84 
 
 VIII. xlviii. 49 urges nbandoning 
 Afghanistan, 51 succeeded by 
 Gough, xlix. 37. 
 
 Nicolson, captain, defeat of Ghazees by, 
 VI. xl. 69 in the Punjaub, VIII. 
 xlix. 60. 
 
 Nicopolis. capture of Turkish flotilla 
 near, III. xv. 113. 
 
 Nicosia, massacre of the Greeks in, III. 
 xiv. 27. 
 
 Nicti, population of, III. xiii. 32 note. 
 
 Niebuhr, the works of, V. xxviii. 43. 
 
 Niedzwiadka, massacre at, VII. xlvi. 22. 
 
 Niemcewicz, Julian, a member of the 
 provisional government of Poland, IV. 
 xxvi. 18. 
 
 Niemen, defeat of the Russians on the, 
 IV. xxvi. 80. 
 
 Nieupoit, terms of treaty of Aix-la- 
 Chapelle regarding, I. vi. 69. 
 
 Niketas, at the battle of Valtezza, III. 
 xiv. 37 defeats of Chourchid Pacha 
 by, 72 defeat of the Turks at Agion 
 Oros by, 76 defeat of the Turks at 
 Acrata by, 87 at the battle of Mount 
 Helicon, 92 joins Colocotroni against 
 the legislative, 99 takes part with the 
 Senate against Colocotroni. 1 01 com- 
 mands the garrison of Missolonghi, 129. 
 
 to the Paragraph. ^'
 
 210 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Nimmo, Mi", on the condition of the 
 Irish poor, IV. xx. 2, 3. 
 
 Nimroud, operations of Ibrahim Pacha 
 at, V. xxxii. 14. 
 
 Ningpo, storming of, by the British, 
 VIII. xlviii. 37 defeats of the Chinese 
 round, 38 opening of, 45. 
 
 Nismes, royalist atrocities at, I. iii. 34, 
 35 depressed state of the workmen 
 of, 1831, V. xxix. 2 disorders at, 
 1848, VIII. 1. 62. 
 
 Nizam Djedib, the, in Turkey, III. xv. 7. 
 
 Noailles, the duke de, takes the oaths to 
 Louis Philippe, IV. xxiv. 44. 
 
 Nobility, the, degraded state of, in 
 Spain, II. vii. 18 decree reviving the 
 privileges of, in Spain, 37 civilisation 
 confined to, in Russia, viii. 40 effects 
 of the destruction of, in France, III. 
 xvii. 120 its effects on the daily 
 press, xviii. 75 the first French Re- 
 volution directed against, IV. xxiv. 1 
 influence of the revolution on, in 
 France, xxv. 104 the feudal, their 
 jealousy of the boroughs, V. xxvii. 
 44 effects of their heading the Eng- 
 lish movement, xxxi. 5 contrast 
 between conduct of, in France and 
 England, 6 representation of, in Ger- 
 many, VIII. liii. 9 privileges of, in 
 Hungary, 11 Hungarian, surrender 
 of their privileges by, liv. 16. 
 
 Nobles, the caste of, in Russia, II. viii. 
 25 in the States-general of Prussia, 
 V. xxvii. 77 and note the Polish, 
 jealousy of Russia of, VII. xlvi. 13 re- 
 gulations regarding, in Prussian Poland, 
 14 and in Gallicia, 15 insurrection 
 of, in Gallicia, 20. 
 
 Nomad races of Northern Africa, the, 
 V. xxxiii. 94 tribes, transference of, 
 from Turkey to Russia, III. xiii. 46. 
 
 Nomination boroughs, Catholic eman- 
 cipation the result of the, IV. xxi. 
 158 the system of, xxii. 2 outcry 
 against, xxiii. 5 alleged value of, 50 
 universal hostility against, 131 
 this increased by the talent admitted 
 by them, 132 error of the Conserva- 
 tives in defending, 138 practical re- 
 presentation of the colonies, &c. by, 
 145 as a means of admitting talent 
 to the House, 151 importance of, to 
 the producers, VI L xlii. 89. 
 
 Non-intervention, the due limits of, II. 
 viii. 74 principle of, as practised by 
 Wellington toward Portugal, IV. xxii. 
 15. 
 
 Non-residence, influence of, in Ireland, 
 V. xxxi. 53. 
 
 Noor Mahommed, one of the Ameers of 
 Scinde, VIII. xlix. 6. 
 
 Tlie I 
 
 Noor, prince de, defeated by the Danes, 
 
 VIII. liii. 41. 
 Norbury, lord, murder of, in Ireland, 
 
 VI. xxxviii. 25. 
 
 Norfolk, duke of, bill for removing the 
 disabilities of the, IV. xx. 28 at 
 Wellington's funeral, VIII. lvi. 
 77. 
 
 Norfolk, additional members for, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Normal schools, establishment of, in 
 France, VII. xliv. 12 establishment 
 of, in Tuscany, xlvi. 69. 
 
 Norman conquest, Thierry's history of 
 the, III. xviii. 30, 31. 
 
 Normanby, lord, motion by, on the post- 
 office, II. x. 143 administration of, 
 in Ireland, VI. xxxvi. 64 his resigna- 
 tion, ib. liberation of the Glasgow 
 cotton-spinners by, xxxvii. 55 whole- 
 sale liberation of offenders in Ireland 
 by, xxxviii. 28 ambassador to France, 
 
 VII. xlvi. 47 on the state of France, 
 1848, VIII. 1. 12 communications 
 with Lamartine on free trade, 21 
 Lamartine's intimacy with, 39, 46 
 efforts of, to prevent the expulsion of 
 English workmen, 62 endeavours to 
 dissuade Lamartine from the coalition 
 with Ledru-Rollin, 67. 
 
 Normandy, progress of Louis Philippe 
 through, IV. xxv. 56 journey and 
 reception of Louis Philippe in, 1832, 
 V. xxx. 20. 
 
 North, Mr, picture of the state of Ire- 
 land by, IV. xx. 24 arguments of, 
 against the Catholic Association, 34. 
 
 North, danger to India from the, VI. 
 xl. 18. 
 
 North America, extension of the Russian 
 empire in, II. viii. 89 act regarding 
 the trade with, III. xix. 22 proposed 
 union of the British provinces in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 94. 
 
 North American colonies, system of gov- 
 ernment which caused the loss of the, 
 II. vii. 5 great change in institutions 
 of, since the rebellion in Canada, VI. 
 xxxvii. 110. 
 
 North British Review, the, I. v. 43. 
 
 North Carolina, statistics of banks in, 
 V !. xxxvii. 7 note. 
 
 North Midland Railway, parliamentary 
 expenses of, VII. xlii. 5 note. 
 
 North Shields, ravages of cholera in, V. 
 xxxi. 9 
 
 North-West Bank, the, in India, VI. 
 xxxix. 31 note. 
 
 Northallerton, partially disfranchised, 
 IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Northamptonshire, additional members 
 for, IV. xxiii. 42 note defeat of 
 
 arge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 211 
 
 ministerial candidate in, 1835, YI. 
 xxx vi. 23. 
 
 Northern and Eastern Railway, parlia- 
 mentary expenses of, VII. xlii. 5 
 note. 
 
 Northern Germany, protective system 
 of, III. xix. 33 the secret societies 
 in, V. xxvii. 39 reciprocity treaty be- 
 tween Holland and, 61 vast system 
 of railways in, 67 agitation for re- 
 ligious toleration in, 1846, 75 re- 
 strictive system of, VI. xxxviii. 50. 
 
 Northern powers, the, acquiescence of, 
 in the settlement of Belgium by 
 France and England, IV. xxv. 71 
 refuse to accede to the convention re- 
 garding Antwerp, V. xxix. 85. 
 
 Northumberland, the duke of, at the 
 coronation of Charles X., III. xvi. 36 
 appointed lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 
 IV. xxi. 125 first lord of Admiralty, 
 1852, VIII. lvi. 64 note. 
 
 Northumberland, additional members 
 for, IV. xxiii. 42 note preparations of 
 the reformers in, 1831, 69 defeat of 
 Lord Howick in, 1841, VI. xxxviii. 
 57. 
 
 Norton, Mrs, the novels and poems of, 
 I. v. 77. 
 
 Norway, prices of wheat at, 1817 and 
 1819, II. x. 17 note reciprocity 
 treaty with, III. xix. 29 note ship- 
 ping employed in trade with, 31 
 exports to, 1S40-9, 33 note. 
 
 Norwich, riots in, 1826, IV. xxi. 2 
 state of corporation of, VI. xxxvi. 9. 
 
 Nola, commencement of the Neapolitan 
 revolution at, II. vii. 106. 
 
 Notara, Panuzzo, president of the Legis- 
 lative Council of Greece, III. xiv. 
 115. 
 
 Notes, small, debate on the bill for sup- 
 pressing, IV. xxi. 5 arguments for it, 
 ib. et seq. and against it, 12 bill 
 carried, 1G its effects, 17 et seq. 
 
 Noton, captain, defeat and death of, VI. 
 xxxix. 61. 
 
 Notre Dame, capture of, by the insur- 
 gents, III. xvii. 69 attack by the 
 mob on, 1831, IV. xxv. 45, 46 the 
 conspiracy of, in Paris, V. xxix. 23. 
 
 Nott, general, left in command of Can- 
 dahar, VI. xl. 78 efforts of, to sup- 
 press pillage, &c, 31- his apprehen- 
 sions, 83 l'eoccupies Khelat, 94 
 character, &c. of, 95 VIII. xlviii. 50 
 defeat of the insmgents by, VI. xl. 95 
 measures of, at Candabar, 113 
 resolute conduct of, at Candahar, 135 
 position and measures of, in Can- 
 dahar, VIII. xlviii. 71 commence- 
 ment of the revolt, 72 battle of the 
 
 Urgliundaub, 73 difficulties of his 
 situation, 74 measures for security 
 of Candahar, ib. attack on it, 75 
 its defence, 76 reinforcements pre- 
 pared, 77 declines co-operation with 
 England, 78 orders to retire sent to, 
 81 urges advance to Cabul, 83 
 joined by England, 84 improved 
 condition of his troops, 85 operations 
 of, against Ghuznee, 93 check of his 
 advanced guard, 94 his victory at 
 Ghoaine, 95 captures Ghuznee, ib. 
 removal of gates of Somnauth, 96 
 his march to Cabul, 97. 
 
 Nottingham, insurrectionary movement 
 on, I. iv. 14 intended rising at, 15 
 reform riots at, and destruction of the 
 castle, IV. xxiii. 85 pauperism in, 
 1839, VI. xxxvii. 48. 
 
 Nottinghamshire, additional members 
 for, IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Nou-Schal-Schal Singh, death of, VIII. 
 xlix. 32. 
 
 Nouveau Journal de Paris, prosecution 
 of the, III. xvii. 33. 
 
 Nova Scotia, unappropriated lands in, 
 VI. xxxviii. 11. 
 
 Novara, retreat of the Sardinians to, 
 VIII. lii. 91 position of, 92 battle 
 of, 93 its results, 95. 
 
 Novarrais, revolutionary tumult in, II. 
 vii. 118. 
 
 Novels, modern French, pernicious cha- 
 racter of, III. xviii. 5.' 
 
 Novelists, the new British school of, 
 
 I. v. 6S German, characteristics of, 
 
 V. xxviii. 56 the philosophical, 57. 
 Noverras, one of Napoleon's attendants 
 
 at St Helena, II. ix. 116. 
 
 Novgorod, the ancient republic of, II. 
 viii. 38 revolt in, 1824, and its sup- 
 pression, 97. 
 
 Nubia, assigned by treaty to Mehemet 
 Ali, V. xxxii. 75 treaty between 
 Turkey and 'Mehemet Ali regarding, 
 
 VI. xxxiv. 114. 
 
 Nugent, lord, on the general distress at 
 the peace, I. ii. 9 note. 
 
 Nugent, general, dismissed from com- 
 mand at Naples, II. vii. 108 move- 
 ments of, 1848, VIII. lii. 36 forces 
 under, 42, 43 his character and 
 movements, 43 captures Udine, and 
 advances to Sacile, 44 passage of the 
 Piave, 45 resigns, ?6. suppresses the 
 revolt at Brescia, 100 forces under, 
 lv. 5 captures Esseck, 8 driven to- 
 ward Servia, 40. 
 
 Numbers, danger of representation being 
 based on, I. i. 64, VI. xxxvi. 18 
 representation based on, in France, 
 
 II. ix. 109, 110. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 212 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Numidian horsemen, the, V. xxxiii. 97. 
 Nuneaton, riots at, 1829, IV. xxii. 17. 
 Nunez, royalist insurrection under, II. 
 
 xi. 60. 
 Nunneries, law regarding, in France, 
 
 III. xvi. 34. 
 Nunziaute, general, reception of Murat 
 
 by, I. Hi. 103, 105 marshal, VIII. In. 
 
 117. 
 
 Nuremberg, democratic excitement in, 
 
 1831, IV. xxv. 32 society for liberty 
 
 of the press at, V. xxx. 23. 
 Nuring Thuring, Burmese commander, 
 
 defeat of, VI. xxxix. 71. 
 Nussur Khan, ameer of Hyderabad, 
 
 VIII. xlix. 8. 
 Nympli, capture of the Cleopatra by 
 
 the, I. ii. 69 note. 
 
 
 
 Oases of the desert, the, VII. xlv. .3. 
 
 Oastler, Mr, VII. xliii. 92 a leader of 
 the Chartists, VI. xxxvii. 65. 
 
 Oats, produce of, in France, III. xvii. 
 128 note prices of, 1821-5, xix. 61 
 note failure of, in Great Britain, 
 182'), IV. xxi. 43 measures against 
 it, 4 6, 47 proposed new duties on, 
 1827, 78 average price of, for forty- 
 four years, 1S27, 80 fall of prices of, 
 17S2-1S37, VI. xxxvii. 46 note pro- 
 posed sliding scale of duties on, VII. 
 xli. 34 export of, from Ireland, 
 1845 to 1849, xlii. 91 note. 
 
 Oberon, Wieland's, V. xxviii 8. 
 
 Obolousky, prince, a leader of the Rus- 
 sian conspiracy, II. viii. US, 121 
 attack on Milaradowitch by, 127. 
 
 O'Brien, Smith, attends O'Connell on 
 his trial, VII. xli. 72 opposes Lord 
 George Bentinck's railway scheme, 
 xliii. 63 warrant for arrest of, 138 
 his defeat, capture, and trial, 139 
 et seq. Lamartine's answer to, 1343, 
 VIII. 1. 38. 
 
 Obrok, the, in Russia, II. viii. 26. 
 
 Ochandiano, overthrow of the Navarrcse 
 insurgents at, II. xi. 35. 
 
 Ochsciibein, colonel, heads the Free 
 Bands in the attack on Lucerne, VII. 
 xlvi. 9:5 becomes president of the 
 Diet, 95 communications from Brit- 
 ish government to, 99. 
 
 Ochterlony, general, afterwards Sir Da- 
 vid, VI. xxxix. 38 forces under, 
 against the Ghoorkas, 3!) successes 
 of, against them, 42, 43,4 1 proceed- 
 ings of, at Bhurtporc, and his death, 
 79. 
 
 O'Connell, Daniel, account of the Irish 
 peasantry by. IV. xx. 1 defence of, by 
 Mackintosh, &c, 38 use made of the 
 forty -shilling freeholders by, xxi. 113 
 his election for Clare, 114 effect 
 produced by it,l 15 address of, against 
 insurrection, US, 119 increased vio- 
 lence of, 126 acquiesces in the dis- 
 
 Thc L 
 
 franchisoment of the forty-shilling 
 freeholders, 151 claims his seat be- 
 fore the passing of the bill, 152 his 
 re-election for Clare, and attacks on 
 Wellington and Peel, 153 his violent 
 language and ingratitude, 154 cha- 
 racter of, 155 his inconsistencies, 
 and the explanation of them, 156 
 his good qualities, 157 commences 
 agitation for repeal of the Union, 
 xxii. 18 motion by, on reform, IS30, 
 43 agitation bv, during the elections 
 of 1830, 58, 59 his refusal of Har- 
 dinge's challenge, 59 note violent 
 language and proceedings of, 18 30, xxiii. 
 25, 20 prosecution of, and his escape, 
 27 efforts of, to reinstate the forty- 
 shilling freeholders, 116 supremacy 
 of, in Ireland, secured by the reform 
 bill, V. xxxi. 1 opposition of, to the 
 government tithe scheme, 17 in- 
 creased agitation of, 18 vote of, on 
 the address, 27 arguments of, against 
 the coercion act, 36 et seq. speech of, 
 on the Irish church bill, 48 junction 
 of, with the English Radicals, 113 
 motion by, against Baron Smith, 115 
 arguments of, in favour of repeal, 
 116 opposition of, to the tithe bill, 
 137 secret negotiation of Lyttleton 
 with, 139 motion by, on Irish tithe 
 bill, and its acceptance by govern- 
 ment, 144 increased agitation in 
 Ireland, 157 his letters to Lord 
 Duncannon, and denunciations of the 
 Whigs, ib. demanded as counsel by 
 the French prisoners for treason, 
 xxxiii. 19 violence of, during the 
 elections of 1835, VI. xxxv. 21 cru- 
 sade of, against the Lords, xxxvi. 22 
 reception of, by the lord-lieutenant 
 at Dublin, 23 speech of, against the 
 Lords, 42 renewed agitation against 
 tithes, 43 revives the Catholic Asso- 
 ciation, 4 4 resistance of, to an Irish 
 poor-law, 46on the Irish poor-law 
 bill, 59 speech of, on Irish destitu- 
 
 urye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 213 
 
 tion, 60 opposes the poor-law bill, 
 62 grounds of his opposition, 63 
 dependence of the Canadian habi- 
 tans on, xxxvii. 78 alliance of the 
 ministry with, xxxviii. 27 measures 
 of the ministry to conciliate, 41 
 thrown out for Dublin, 1841, 57 
 supports the Melbourne ministry on 
 the address, 1841, 58 declaration of, 
 against the Whigs and for repeal, 
 VII. xli. 65 his motives in support- 
 ing the temperance movement, 66 
 commencement of the repeal agita- 
 tion, 67 the monster meetings, 68 
 language used at these, 69 his 
 arrest, 71 trial and conviction, 72 
 reversal of the sentence, 73 effects of 
 this decision, 74 his subsequent 
 career and death, 75 opposes the 
 ten hours amendment to factory bill, 
 80 arguments of, .against Irish coer- 
 cion bill, xlii. 77 conduct of, in sup- 
 porting free trade, 91 on the admis- 
 sion of slave-grown sugars, xliii, 13. 
 
 O'Connell, the younger, opposes Lord 
 George Bentiuck's railway scheme, 
 VII. xliii. 63 et seq. 
 
 O'Connor Don, the, opposes Lord 
 George Bentiuck's railway scheme, 
 VII. xliii. 63. 
 
 O'Connor, Feargus, heads the Chartists, 
 VI. xxxvii. 65 oil the 10th April 
 1848, VII. xliii. 133. 
 
 O'Connor, Rev. N., on the state of Ire- 
 land, 1833, V. xxxi.35. 
 
 Octavian, Tieck's, V. xxviii. 31. 
 
 Octroi, re -establishment of the, in 
 France, VIII. li. 4 abolition of the, 
 in Belgium, liii. 18. 
 
 O'Daly, general, elected to the Cortes of 
 1820, II. vii. 79. 
 
 Odell, defeats of the Canadian insur- 
 gents at, VI. xxxvii. 104. 
 
 Odessa, Richelieu the originator of, I. 
 iii. 43 population of, II. viii. 20 note 
 visit of Alexander to, 1818, 64 
 importation, &c. of wheat into France 
 from, ix. 101 and note Constantin- 
 ople supplied with grain from, III. 
 xiii. 21 embarkation of Russian suc- 
 cours for Turkey at, V. xxxii. 26 
 prices of grain at, VIII. lvi. 20. 
 
 Odier, M., III. xvii. 67 note. 
 
 O'Donnell, General Alexander, II. vii. 
 70. 
 
 O'Donnell, general, see Abisbal. 
 
 O'Donnell, colonel, on the state of Ire- 
 land, 1846, VII. xlii. 88. 
 
 O'Donnell, an Irish leader, trial of, VII. 
 xliii. 140. 
 
 O'Donoghu, general, defeat of the 
 royalist insurgents by, II. xi. 68. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 Odysseus, account of Turkish oppres- 
 sion by, III. xiii. 18 victory of, at 
 Thermopylae, xiv. 38 operations 
 under, in Macedonia, 6'9 repeated 
 defeats of Cbourchid Pacha by, 73 
 holds the Pass of Thermopylae, 91 
 at the battle of Mount Helicon, 92 
 gives in his adhesion to the senate, 
 101 siege of Carysto, &c. by, 104 
 reinforces Hydra, 109 treason and 
 death of, 116, 120. 
 
 Oehlenschlager, the works of, V. xxviii. 
 24 his elevated picture of love, 25 
 the autobiography of, 55. 
 
 Offenbcrg, revolutionary outbreak at, 
 VIII. liii. 82. 
 
 Officers, aged, importance of retiring 
 allowances to, VI. xl. 145 the 
 French, peculiar character, &c. of, III. 
 xvii. 109 the Russian, character of, 
 II. viii. 45 liberal views adopted by 
 them in France, &c. 56. 
 
 Officials, venality and oppression of, in 
 Turkey, III. xiii. 22. 
 
 Oginski, prince, insurrection under, in 
 Lithuania, IV. xxvi. 80. 
 
 Oglio, retreat of the Sardinians across 
 the, VIII. Hi. 73. 
 
 O'Gorman, Mr, on the position of Eng- 
 land, 1825, IV. xx. 42 note. 
 
 Ohio, statistics of banks in, VI. xxxvii. 
 7 note increase of banks in, 1837, 
 23 miles of railway in, VII. xliii. 1 22 
 note. 
 
 Okehampton, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Old Castile, disturbances in, II. xi. 
 45. 
 
 Old Mortality, remarks on, I. v. 10. 
 
 Old Prussia, Sclavonic population of, 
 VIII. liii. 4. 
 
 Old Sarum, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Oldenburg, reciprocity treaty with, III. 
 xix. 29 note representation of, in the 
 Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note population 
 and military contingent, 5 note sta- 
 tistics of, VIII. liii. 5 note. 
 
 Olmutz, railway between Prerau and, V. 
 xxvii. 67 the convention at, VIII. 
 liii. 93 settlement of the Schleswig 
 question at it, 103. 
 
 O'Loghlin, Mr, solicitor-general for Ire- 
 land, 1835, VI. xxxv. 41 note Irish 
 corporation reform bill introduced by, 
 xxxvi. 32. 
 
 Olympus, scenery of, III. xiii. 81. 
 
 O'Malley, Father, motion of, for Irish 
 poor-law, VI. xxxvi. 46. 
 
 0"Meara, Dr, at St Helena, II. ix. 116 
 and the St Helena memoirs, III. 
 xviii. 43. 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 214 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Omercole, capture of, by the British, 
 VIII. xlix. 27. 
 
 Omer Vrione, retreat of, from Attica, III. 
 xiv. 38 recapture of Arta by, 44 de- 
 feats of, by the Souliotes, .59 defeat 
 of Mavrocordato by, 68 siege of Mis- 
 solonghi by, his defeat and disastrous 
 retreat, 74 co-operates in siege of 
 Missolonghi, 96 plans of, for cam- 
 paign of 1824, 103 operations under, 
 1824, 113 forces under, for relief of 
 Yarna, xv. 58 victory of, 59 but is 
 unable to raise the siege, 60. 
 
 Onate, count, IV. xi. 70. 
 
 O'Neil, Miss, as an actress, I. v. 104. 
 
 Oosbegs, flight of Dost Mahommed to 
 the, VI. xl. 73 defeat of the British 
 by, 87 defeated at the Bamian, 89. 
 
 Opening of the Sixth Seal, Danby's, I. 
 v. 96. 
 
 Opera, licentiousness of the, at Paris, 
 V. xxx. 7 distribution of gratuitous 
 tickets to the, in Paris, VIII. 1. 10. 
 
 Opium, the taxes on, in India, VI. xxxix. 
 20 export of, from India to China, 
 22 the government monopoly of, in 
 India, and revenue from it, 24 ex- 
 ports of, 1817 to 1839, ib. notein- 
 crease of smuggling of, into China, 
 and disputes caused by it, VHI.xlviii. 
 21, 22 seizure of it by the Chinese, 
 23. 
 
 Opium trade, silence of the treaty re- 
 garding the, VIII. xlviii. 45. 
 
 Oporto, influence of England in, II. vii. 
 26 revolutionary movement at, 1820, 
 95 junction of the junta from, with 
 that at Lisbon, 97 junta of, extreme 
 measures advocated by, 99. 
 
 Oran, province of, VII. xlv. 47 opera- 
 tions in, 1836, 1837, V. xxxiii. 102, 
 103 state of affairs in, 1837, 114 
 terms of treaty of La Tama regarding, 
 117. 
 
 Orange, the prince of, III. xv. 30 vote 
 of thanks by parliament to, I. ii. 63 
 marriage of, to the sifter of Alexander, 
 1 1, viii. 59 negotiations of, with the 
 insurgents, IV. xxiv. 74, 75 suc- 
 cesses of, against the Belgians, xxv. 
 71 his retreat on the intervention of 
 the French, 73. 
 
 Orange lodges, origin and objects of, in 
 Ireland, IV. xx. 14 powerlessness of 
 the law against, 1823, 20 proceedings 
 in parliament regarding, 1835, VI. 
 xxxvi. 20. 
 
 Orange processions, &c, discouragement 
 of, by Lord Wellesley, 1 1, x. 12'). 
 
 Orangemen, the, the Catholic Associa- 
 tion directed against, IV. xx. 27 
 defensive association of, xxi. 115, 11G 
 
 The La 
 
 increased virulence of, after eman- 
 cipation, 163 conflicts of, with the 
 Catholics, 1829, xxii.19. 
 
 Orchard, colonel, at the assault of Ghuz- 
 nee, Vl. xl. 71. 
 
 Orchard, an Irish leader, trial of, VII. 
 xliiL 140. 
 
 Order, influence of religion on, in Eng- 
 land, III. xvii. 121. 
 
 Orders in Council regarding slavery, the, 
 V. xxxv. 87 resistance of the colo- 
 nists to them, 89 it is suspended, 
 ib. 
 
 Ordonnance of 5th September 1816, the, 
 I. hi. 132 effects of it, 134. 
 
 Ordonnauces of Charles X., the, resolved 
 on, III. xvii. 52, 53 report on them, 
 54 et seq. their conditions, 58 sign- 
 ing of, 59 reflections on them, 60 
 their legality, ib. issuing of, and 
 their first effect, 62 their revocation, 
 85 unqualified revocation of, 87 it 
 rejected by the insurgents, 88 were 
 they illegal, 134 examples of pre- 
 vious ones not objected to, 135 vin- 
 dication of them under Louis Philippe, 
 V. xxix. 101. 
 
 Ordonneau, general, taken prisoner by 
 the insurgents at Lyons, but liberated, 
 V. xxix. 12. 
 
 Oregon question, history of the, VII. 
 xli. 93 conclusion of treaty regard- 
 ing it, 94 its terms, 95 reflections 
 on it, 96. 
 
 Orfah, advance of Ibrahim Pacha to, V. 
 xxxii. 14. 
 
 Orford, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Organisation des Municipalites, society 
 of, at Lamarque's funeral, V. xxix. 
 58. 
 
 Oribe, a revolutionary chief at La Plata, 
 VII. xlvi. 59. 
 
 Oriental bank, the, VI. xxxix. 31 note. 
 
 Oriola, count, VIII. xlix. 70 note. 
 
 Urleanists, the, their measures and views 
 in 1817, I. vi. 45 their position 
 after the fall of Charles X. and their 
 chances of success, IV. xxiv. 10 their 
 proclamation and energetic proceed- 
 ings, 15 their efforts to win over the 
 Republicans, 21 overthrow of the 
 Napoleonists by, 24- panic among 
 them, 25 efforts of, to popularise 
 the new dynasty, 32. 
 
 Orleans, the duke d', warning of Didier 
 against, I. iii. 125 position and feel- 
 ings of, in 1817, vi. 45 at the death- 
 bed of the Duke do Berri, II. ix. 37 
 his conduct on the birth of the Duke 
 do Bordeaux, 85 titles, &c. conferred 
 by Charles X. on, III. xvi. 4 share of 
 the indemnity received by, 32 sub- 
 
 r<je lloman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 215 
 
 scription for General Foy's family, 38 
 invited to head the revolution in 
 1S27, 70 secret understanding of 
 Lafitte with, xvii. 78 refuses the 
 lieutenant-generalcy of the kingdom, 
 89 declines to recognise the Duke de 
 Bordeaux, 91 proclaimed king, 95 
 position of, and of his party after the 
 fall of Charles X., IV. xxiv. 10 he 
 remains in retirement, 11 conversa- 
 tion between the Baron de Glandeves 
 and Lafitte regarding him, 12 argu- 
 ments for his being called to the 
 crown, 13 proposed as lieutenant- 
 general for the Duke de Bordeaux, 
 14 first placards in his interest, 15 
 his situation, 16 interview between 
 Thiers and the duchess, 17 his ir- 
 resolute conduct, 18 panic caused 
 among his partisans by his indecision, 
 25 his arrival at Paris, and interview 
 with M. de Montemart, 26 accepts 
 the lieutenancy -general, 27 procla- 
 mation of the principles of govern- 
 ment, 28 his visit to the Hotel de 
 Ville, and reception there, 29, 3U 
 efforts of his partisans to popularise 
 his dynasty, 32 conversation with 
 the Republicans, 33. See Louis 
 Philippe. 
 
 Orleans, the duchess of, interview be- 
 tween Thiers and, after the fall of 
 Charles X., IV. xxiv. 17 opposes his 
 accepting the crown, 18 endeavours 
 to dissuade the duke from accepting the 
 crown, 27 urges Chateaubriand's ac- 
 ceptance of the ministry of foreign 
 affairs, 40 and note. 
 
 Orleans, the duke of, son of Louis 
 Philippe, at Lyons during the insur- 
 rection, V. xxix. 16 his heroic con- 
 duct during the cholera, 36 at the 
 siege of Antwerp, 91 tour of, through 
 the south, xxx. 6 at the explosion of 
 the infernal machine, xxxiii. 30 re- 
 ception of, at Berlin and Vienna, 63 
 marriage of, negotiated, 87 prepara- 
 tions for it, 88 his marriage, and ca- 
 tastrophe at it, 89, 90 intercedes for 
 Barbes, VI. xxxiv. 42 operations of , in 
 Africa, 1839, 58 attempted assassina- 
 tion of, VII. xliv. 66 declares against 
 reform, 68 in Algeria, xlv. 22, 23 
 death of, xliv. 81 its importance, 82. 
 
 Orleans, duchess of, birth of her son, 
 VI. xxxiv. 15 arguments for the 
 regency being conferred on, VII. xliv. 
 88 et seq. xlvii. 65, 67 heroism of, 
 09 before the Chamber, and named 
 regent, 70, 72 refused a hearing 
 and compelled to retire, 73 her 
 escape, 77. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Orleans dynasty, decree banishing the, 
 VIII. 1. 75. 
 
 Orleans family, the, Charles X. and his 
 jealousy of, III. xvi. 4 formal restora- 
 tion of their estates to, 16 pretensions 
 of, in France, xvii. 101. 
 
 Orleans, violence of the Radical speakers 
 at, VII. xlvii. 22 suspension of cash 
 payments by bank of, VIII. 1. 26. 
 
 Orleans railway, the, VII. xliv. 42 
 undertaken by government, 43 
 sequestration of, 1848, VIII. 1. 28. 
 
 Orloff, Count Alexis, II. viii. 126. 
 
 Orloff, count, the expedition of, into the 
 Morea, III. xiii. 76 arranges treaty 
 of Uukiar-Skelessi, V. xxxii. 30. 
 
 Ormond, the marquis d', made member 
 of Chamber of Peers, I. hi. 20. 
 
 Ornamental arts, slow progress of Eng- 
 land in the, I. v. 5. 
 
 Ornano, general, dismissed from service, 
 III. xvi. 13. 
 
 Osborne, Sir John, motion by, on the 
 Admiralty, II. x. 143. 
 
 Osman Pacha, defeat of, III. xv. 94 
 forces of, at Baibout, 108 defeated, 
 109 forces under, against Ibrahim 
 Pacha, V. xxxii. 8 defeated, 9. 
 
 Osmanlis, race of the, III. xiii. 7. 
 
 Osuaburg, petition from, for restoration 
 of constitution of Hanover, and its 
 rejection by the Diet, V. xxvii. 57. 
 
 Osopo, surrendered to Austrians, VIII. 
 lii. 76. 
 
 Ossa, scenery of, III. xiii. 81. 
 
 Ossasghiti, occupied by the Russians, 
 III. xv. 82. 
 
 Ossory, arrears of tithes in diocese of, V. 
 xxxi. 15 bill abolishing bishopric of, 
 45 note. 
 
 Ostend, terms of treaty of Aix - la- 
 Chapelle regarding, I. vi. 69. 
 
 Osterode, revolutionary movement in, 
 1831, IV. xxv. 34. 
 
 Ostrolenka, forces, &c. of parties at, IV. 
 xxvi. 74 battle of, 75 its results, 77 
 excitement caused in Warsaw by 
 the battle, 79. 
 
 Ostrowski, Ladislaus, a Polish patriot, 
 IV xxvi. 19 a member of the pro- 
 visional government, 22 appointed 
 member of national council, 32 at 
 the funeral of Lafayette, V. xxx. 
 52. 
 
 Otaheite, see Tahiti. 
 
 Otho, prince, proposed as King of Bel- 
 gium, IV. xxv. 24 election of, as King 
 of Greece, V. xxxii. 35 his arrival, 
 and rejoicings on it, 37 despotic 
 government of, and revolution of 1 843, 
 
 VII. xlvi. 55 quarrel with, 1850, 
 
 VIII. lvi. 57. , 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 21G 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Otrotschenko, general, at battle of 
 
 Kouleftscha, III. xv. 124. 
 Ottaviani, colonel, III. 99 desertion of 
 
 Murat by, 100. 
 Ottinger, general, VIII. lv. 8. 
 Otto and Margaret, Kinkel's, V. xxviii. 39. 
 Ouclula, occupation of, by the French, 
 
 VII. xlv. 37. 
 
 Oude, political arrangements with, 1834, 
 VI. xl. 13 annexation of, and circum- 
 stances which led to it, VIII. xlix. 119 
 et seq. reflections on it, 122. 
 
 Oudinot, marshal, II. xii. 99, III. xvi. 
 63 corps under, for invasion of 
 Spain, II. xii. 70 operations of, in 
 Spain, 73 enters Madrid, 76 com- 
 mands the expedition against Rome, 
 
 VIII. Hi. Ill its siege and capture, 
 112 et seq. his entrance, 116 pro- 
 ceedings in Assembly regarding ex- 
 pedition of, lvii. 16. 
 
 Oulcma or Uleina, the, in Turkey, III. 
 
 xiii. 24, xv. 7. 
 Ourdabad, capture of, by the Russians, 
 
 III. xv. 25. 
 Out-door paupers, number of, under 
 
 new poor-law, V. xxxi. 153 note. 
 Out-door relief, abuses in system of, V. 
 
 xxxi. 145, 148 new law regarding, 150 
 
 resumption of, VI. xxxvii. 48, 49 
 
 amount of, in Ireland, 1847, &c, VII. 
 
 xliii. 42. 
 
 Outram, Sir George, defeat of Ghazees 
 by, VI. xl. 69 pursuit of Dost Ma- 
 hommed by, 74 urges advance to 
 Cabul, VIII. xlviii. 83 efforts to 
 provide carriage for the armies, 85 
 agent at Hyderabad, xlix. 7 views of, 
 as to Scinde, ib. his continued con- 
 fidence in the Ameers, 12 attack on 
 him, 13. 
 
 Ouvrard, M., undertakes the commis- 
 sariat, &c. of the French in Spain, II. 
 xii. 69. 
 
 Overland route to India, opening of the, 
 VI. xl. 13. 
 
 Over-population, influence of, in Ireland, 
 V. xxxi. 53. 
 
 Over-trading, on, as the alleged cause of 
 the crisis of 1825, IV. xxi. 1 4 absence 
 of, in the crisis of 1847, VII. xliii. 74 
 the bank act of 1844 designed to 
 check, 151 how fostered by it, 152, 
 153. 
 
 Overstone, lord, arguments of, for the 
 bullion system, VI. xxxv. 9. 
 
 Owen, admiral, VII. xlv. 37, 38. 
 
 Oxen, consumption of, in Paris, 1789- 
 1840, III. xvii. 126 note. 
 
 Oxford, attack on the queen by, VI. 
 xxxviii. 39. 
 
 Oxford, the election of 1829 for, IV. xxi. 
 129 state of corporation of, VI. 
 xxxvi. 9. 
 
 Pac, general Lewis, a member of the 
 provisional government of Poland, IV. 
 xxvi. 18, 22 operations of, against 
 Krcutz, 68 joins Skrzynecki, 7 1 at 
 Ostrolenka, 74. 
 
 Pachas, the, universal venality and 
 tyranny of, in Turkey, III. xiii. 22 
 multitude of retainers upheld by, 33 
 practical independence of, in Turkev, 
 36. 
 
 Pacificators, the so-called Irish, V. xxxi. 
 32. 
 
 Pacifico, don, the affair of, VIII. lvi. 57. 
 
 Packet service, the, now included in 
 navy estimates, VI. xxxviii. 19. 
 
 Padua, retreat of the Austrians from, 
 VIII. Hi. 12 capitulation of, 59 
 garrisoned by liadetsky, 60. 
 
 Paez, Don Victor, confessor to Ferdi- 
 nand vil, ir. vii. 90. 
 
 Pages, Oarnier, connected with the Span- 
 ish liberals, IV. xxiv. 66 returned to 
 Deputies, in 1831, xxv. 57 arguments 
 of, on the law against the Bourbons. 
 88 motion by, for a republic, V. xxix. 
 
 The La 
 
 18 character and career of, 19 his 
 arrest ordered, 67 arrest of, 77 
 violent language of, in the Deputies, 
 1834, xxx. 32 arguments of, against 
 the law against associations, 36, 37, 39 
 demanded as counsel by the pri- 
 soner for treason, xxxiii. 19 views 
 of, on the suffrage, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 
 63 and the Polish banquet, VII. xliv. 
 52 death of, 64. 
 
 Pages, Gamier (the son), returned to 
 Deputies, 1842, VII. xliv. 80 -joins 
 the coalition against the government, 
 xlvii. 18 nominated one of the pro- 
 visional government, 74, 75 note 
 appointed finance minister, 1848, and 
 his measures, VIII. 1. 23 et seq. ap- 
 pointed member of College of France, 
 35 intrepidity of, during the demon- 
 stration of March 17th, 53 votes for, 
 1848, 64 note a member of the exe- 
 cutive commission, 67 note resigna- 
 tion of, 78 and Lamartine, li. 30. 
 
 Pages de l'Ariege, M., on the fortifying 
 of Palis, VI. xxxiv. 1 1 2. 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 217 
 
 Paget, Sir Edward, suppression of the 
 mutiny at Barrackpore by, VI. xxxix. 
 77. 
 
 Pagnerre, a revolutionary leader, 1847, 
 
 VII. xlvii. 18 petition for reform 
 drawn up by, ib. 
 
 Pahlen, general, occupies Madara, III. 
 xv. 122 at battle of Kouleftscha, 121 
 movements of, in Poland, IV. xxvi. 
 47 at Grochow, 48, 49 defeat of, at 
 Iganie, 66 at assault of Warsaw, 91. 
 
 Paid representatives, one of the objects 
 of the Radicals, V. xxxi. 1. 
 
 Painters, recent British, I. v. 89 et seq. 
 
 Painting, modern French school of, III. 
 xviii. 83 Le Gros, 84 Vernet, 85 
 the modern school of, in Germany, V. 
 xxviii. 77 its romantic character, 
 78. 
 
 Paislev, seditious meeting at, 1819, II. 
 x. 32 fall of wages in, 1819, 34 note 
 -violent reform meeting at, IV. xxiii. 
 104 member given bv reform bill to, 
 116 distress in, 1842, VII. xli. 21 
 ratio of mortality in, xliii. 93 note 
 intended outbreak in, 1848, 129. 
 
 Paix, Faubourg du, destruction of the, 
 
 VIII. 1. 40. 
 
 Pajol, general, a leader of the conspiracy 
 in the army, II. ix. 81 commands 
 the revolutionary force from Paris, 
 
 III. xvii. 92. 
 
 Pakenham, Sir E., monument voted to, 
 
 I. ii. 62. 
 Pakington, Sir John, arguments against 
 
 free trade, VIII. lvi. 29 et seq. 
 
 colonial secretary, 1852, 64 note, 66. 
 Palafox, general, II. xi. 70. 
 Palais de Justice, capture of, during the 
 
 insurrection of 12th May 1839, VI. 
 
 xxxiv. 37. 
 Palais Royal, the, attack by the mob on, 
 
 IV. xxv. 5 sack of, during the re- 
 volution of 1848, VII. xlvii. 64, VIII. 
 1. 4. 
 
 Palamide, capture of citadel of. III. xiv. 
 76. 
 
 Palamido, assault of, by the Greeks, III. 
 xiv. 45. 
 
 Palatinate, insurrection in, 1848, VIII. 
 liii. 82 its suppression, 83. 
 
 Palermo, revolution in, II. vii. 110 
 massacre at, 111 suppression of the 
 insurrection in, 114, 115 commence- 
 ment of revolt at, VII. xlvi. 84 re- 
 volt at, VIII. Hi. 15 bombardment 
 of, 16 capitulation of royalists at, 19 
 submission of, 109. 
 
 Palermo Realo, capture of, by the 
 Sicilian revolutionists, II. vii. 110 
 recaptured, 111. 
 
 Paley, archdeacon, the philosophical 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 works of, I. v. 32 on an established 
 church, VI. xxxv. 33. 
 
 Palfy, general, governor of Venice, VIII. 
 lii. 3 resigns, ib. 
 
 Palgrave, Sir Francis, the historical 
 works of, I. v. 52. 
 
 Palma Nuova, surrender of, to the in- 
 surgents, VIII. lii. 12 garrisoned by 
 Radetsky, 60. 
 
 Palmella, count, communicates the re- 
 volution at Lisbon to the king at 
 Brazil, II. vii. 97 appointed premier, 
 xii. 98. 
 
 Palmerston, lord, on the budget for 1816, 
 I. ii. 2S on the losses sustained by 
 the intercourse with South America, 
 iv. 106 on the amount of the Soutli 
 American loans, II. xii. 7 secretary 
 at war, IV. xxi. 66 note at first re- 
 tains office under Wellington, 95 
 afterwards resigns, 96 vote of, on the 
 address, 1830, xxii. 25 opposes the 
 proposed reductions in the army, 29 
 foreign secretary, 1830, xxiii. 6 
 note European reputation of, 15 his 
 versatile talents and character, 16 
 his character as a diplomatist and 
 orator, 17 his errors, 18 pacific 
 policy of, 1830, xxv. 25 views of, 
 regarding Holland and Belgium, 62 
 answer of, to the proposals of the 
 Poles in 1831, xxvi. 30 convention 
 regarding Antwerp signed by, V. xxix. 
 85 commercial treaty with Turkey 
 concluded by, xxxii. 42 declaration 
 of, against Mehemet Ali, 1838, 46 
 views of, regarding the Turkish ques- 
 tion, 47 note arranges the treaty for 
 settlement of the East, 57 anxiety of, 
 on the French force in the Mediter- 
 ranean, 61 ability of his course to- 
 ward Turkey in 1840, 79 views, &c. 
 of, on the Belgian question, 1838, VI. 
 xxxiv. 24 answer of, to the applica- 
 tion for the remains of Napoleon, 78 
 communications from Guizot to, on 
 the Eastern question, 98 ability of, 
 during the Eastern crisis, 100 error 
 of, in the treaty of February 13, 1841, 
 116 et seq. foreign secretary in Mel- 
 bourne ministry, xxxv. 44 and note 
 in the debate on Russia, xxxvi. 52 
 answer of, on the case of the Vixen, 
 72 votes against Mr Villiers' motion 
 on the corn laws, xxxviii. 37 de- 
 fence of the budget of 1841 hy, 48 
 et seq. arguments of, against the slid- 
 ing scale, VII. xli. 35 defends the 
 right of search, 87 commission on 
 the Maine boundary question sent out 
 by, 90 declines the protectorate of 
 Tahiti, 97 again declines interference 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 218 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 ralmcrston, lord, continued. 
 
 there, 99 refusal of Earl Grey to 
 take office with, xlii. 45 foreign secre- 
 tary, 1846, xliii. 4 and note his 
 cabinet minute on the defences of the 
 country, 1846, 27 on the Polish 
 question, xlvi. 28- letter to Sir H. 
 Bulwer on the Spanish marriages, 44 
 error of, regarding the Spanish mar- 
 riages, 50,51 differences with France 
 regarding treaty of Utrecht, 53 on the 
 state of Greece in 1835, 55 disunion 
 with France on it, 57 et seq. policy of, 
 in Portugal, 59 encouragement of the 
 Italian liberals by, 68 his instructions 
 to Lord Minto regarding Italy, 78 
 note credulity of, to the Italian 
 liberals, 88 policy of, toward Switzer- 
 land, 98 divergence from France and 
 Austria, 99 effects of this, 100 
 delays to join their intervention, 101 
 agrees too late to the mediation of 
 the five powers, 104 causes of the 
 revolutionary policy of, 109, 110 
 declines to interfere on the opium 
 question, VIII. xlviii. 23 declaration 
 by, regarding the French republic, 1. 
 46 conduct of, during the Italian 
 crisis, lii. 122 views of, on the 
 Schleswig question, liii. 42 part taken 
 in settlement of Schleswig question, 
 97 motion on free trade, lvi. 31 con- 
 duct of, in the affair of Don Pacifico, 
 57 his speech on it, 59 decision on 
 it, 60 circumstances which led to his 
 removal from office, 63 votes against 
 ministers on militia bill, 64 sup- 
 ports the embodying of the militia, 67. 
 
 Pampeluna, attempt of Mina on, II. vii. 
 36 proclamation of the constitution 
 at, 73 contests between the royalists 
 and republicans in, xi. 54 surrender 
 of, to the French, xii. 83. 
 
 Pamphlets, law imposing stamp duty on, 
 in France, V. xxx. 34. 
 
 Panatine, general, defence of Bajazeth 
 by, III. xv. 103. 
 
 Pancorvo, capture of, by the French, II. 
 xii. 73. 
 
 Paniutine, Russian division of, VIII. lv. 
 50 at Pered, 53 at battle of Acz, 56 
 and of Komoru, 58 at battle of 
 Szegedin, 72 at Temesvar, 74. 
 
 Pankratieff, general, operations of, against 
 the Persians, III. xv. 28 operations 
 under, 1829, 90 at battle of Kainly, 
 97 operations under, in Guriel, 107. 
 
 Pantheon, the, at Paris, III. xviii. 82 - 
 completion of it, V. xxx. 18- grant 
 for it. Hi. note. 
 
 Papa Flessa, defence of Pass of Pedimon 
 by, 111. xiv. 126. 
 
 The La 
 
 Papal bull, 1816, regarding contributions 
 to Spanish church, II. vii. 47. 
 
 Papal church, policy of the, in Spain, II. 
 vii. 16. 
 
 Papal court, the, failure of the concordat 
 with, I. vi. 57 approves of the or- 
 donnance against the Jesuits, III. xvi. 
 82 influence exerted by, over the 
 Irish voters, IV. xxi. 113 negotiations 
 between France and, 1845, VII. xlvi. 
 10. 
 
 Papal See, concordat of 1817 between 
 France and the, I. vi. 27. 
 
 Papal States, the, insurrection in, II. vii. 
 117 democratic insurrection iu, 1830, 
 
 IV. xxv. 25, 26 excitement in, 1830, 
 &c, and intervention of the Austrians, 
 
 V. xxix. 26 renewed disturbances, 
 1832, and Austrians again intervene, 
 27, 28 occupation of Ancona by the 
 French, 29 indignation of the govern- 
 ment at this, 30 attempt of France 
 to secure reform in, VI. xxxiv. 21 
 death of Gregory XVI., YU. xlvi. 61 
 accession and character of Pius IX., 
 62, 64 amnesty by him, 65 his first 
 acts, 66 difficulties which beset the 
 government, 67 revolutionary move- 
 ment in, 1847, 72 constitution pro- 
 claimed in, 86. 
 
 Papantoni, a Hydriot, gallant exploit of, 
 III. xiv. 112. 
 
 Pape, general, defence of Venice by, 
 VIII. lii. 118 et seq. 
 
 Paper, reduction of duties on, 1825, III. 
 xix. 76. 
 
 Paper currency, the, effects of, during 
 the revolutionary war, 1. i. 34 con- 
 traction of, in Great Britain, and its 
 effects, 36, ii. 11 its amount, 1812- 
 31, i. 36 note reduction of, 1816, ii. 
 48 an inconvertible, adopted by Rome 
 during the Punic war, II. x. 6 dis- 
 covery and effects of a, 7 its advan- 
 tages when duly limited, 8 Adam 
 Smith on it, ib. increase of, in Great 
 Britain, 19 and note as the repre- 
 sentative of or substitute for gold. III. 
 xix. 1 circulation of, iu England, 
 1824-5, 65 amounts of, 1818-32 as 
 compared with exports, &c, IV. xxi. 
 19 note issues of, end of 1825, and 
 their effects, ] -(Linger of excessive 
 circulation of, VI. xxxv. 2 effects of, 
 during the war. 10 great advantages 
 of, in the United States, xxxvii. 5 
 want of, in India, xxxix. 31 regula- 
 tion of, by act of 11144, VII. xli. 109, 
 110 alleged excess of, in Great 
 Britain, xliii. 107 inconvertible, in 
 Belgium, IMS. VIII. liii. 18. 
 
 Papineau, the leader of the revolutionists 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 219 
 
 in Lower Canada, VI. xxxvii. 78 
 commencement of the insurrection 
 under, 81 his flight, 84. 
 
 Parga, the cession of, to Turkey, in 1819, 
 III. xiv. 8 consternation of the 
 Pargiotes, 9 its evacuation, 10 de- 
 bates in parliament on it, 11. 
 
 Paris, the archbishop of, his palace 
 sacked, III. xvii. 82 opposes funeral 
 service to the Duke de Berri, 1831, IV. 
 xxv. 43 sack of his palace, 45 and 
 of his country seat, 46 during the 
 cholera, V. xxix. 36 at the reinter- 
 ment of Napoleon, VI. xxxiv. 87 
 murder of, VIII. 1. 92 et seq. 
 
 Paris, count of, birth of, VI. xxxiv. 15 
 VII. xlvii. 72 narrow escajje of, from 
 the mob, 77. 
 
 Paris, the revolution of 1848 in, I. i. 16 
 bloody suppression of the revolts of 
 1848 in, 20 entry of Louis XVIII. 
 into, iii. 11 arrival of the allied 
 sovereigns in, 22 royalist character 
 of the press of, 1 815, 39 the treaty 
 of, 48 capitulation of, appealed to on 
 behalf of Ney, 86 conspiracy of the 
 liberal party in, 126 the elections of 
 1817 for, vi. 42 state of, in 1817, 43 
 visit of the Emperor Alexander to, 
 in 1818, 74 brilliant appearance of, 
 in 1819, II. ix. 3 designs of the 
 liberals in, 1819, 27 violence of the 
 press against government in 1820, 61 
 disturbances in, June 1820, 75 et 
 seq. their suppression, 78 monetary 
 crisis at, 1819, x. 18 trial and execu- 
 tion of the Rochelle conspirators 
 at, xi. 21 reception of the Duke 
 d'Angouleme in, II. xii. 99 losses of 
 the liberals in, by the elections of 
 1824, 108 rejoicings in, on the re- 
 jection of the law for reducing the in- 
 terest of the debt, 116 public entry of 
 Charles X. into, III. xvi. 6 prosperity 
 in, 1824, 12 review of the National 
 Guard, and the king's reception, 62 
 disbanding of it, 63 the elections of 
 1827 for, and riots at them, 71 circu- 
 lation of royalist and liberal news- 
 papers of, xvii. 19 note excitement 
 in, before the ordonnances, 59 mili- 
 tary force in, 61 first effect of them, 
 62 commencement of insurrection, 
 63 increasing excitement, 64 in- 
 creasing excitement, and force under 
 Marmont, 66 meetings of the liberal 
 chiefs, 67 Marmont's plan of opera- 
 tions, and commencement of the con- 
 flict, 68 contest during the 28th 
 July, 69 further conflicts, 70 et seq. 
 feelings of the combatants during the 
 night, 76 forces on the 29th, and con- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 tinued combats, 77 et seq. continued 
 successes of the insurgents, 81 et seq. 
 evacuated by Marmont, 82 comple- 
 tion of the revolution at, 87 want of 
 preparation by the government in, 
 104 legitimate and illegitimate chil- 
 dren in, 1 22 note proportion of the 
 latter combatants for revolution, 124 
 distress among the working classes 
 in, 125 consumption of animal food 
 in, 126 architecture in, xviii. 82 
 prosperity of the bankers and traders 
 of, IV. xxiv. 3 movement at, in 
 favour of the Duke of Orleans, 15 
 meetings of the deputies and peers, 
 19 meetings of the republicans, 21 
 scene at the Hotel de Ville, 22 ar- 
 rival of the Duke of Orleans in, 26 
 distress in, after the revolution of 
 
 1830, 45 influence of, over France, 
 46 distress and disturbances in, 60 
 proceedings of government against 
 the popular societies, 64 attempt to 
 revolutionise Spain from, 65 excite- 
 ment in, on the trial of Polignac, &c, 
 xxv. 5 disturbances in, on the con- 
 demnation of the ex-ministers, 13 
 conduct of the National Guard, and 
 misery in, 14 violence of parties, and 
 misery in, 35 moral statistics of, 1831, 
 42 tumult in church of St Germain 
 l'Auxerrois, 43 sack of the church, 44 
 and of the archbishop's palace, 45 
 further disorders, and weakness of go- 
 vernment, 46 renewed disturbances 
 in, 55 excitement in, from the events 
 in Belgium and Portugal, 78 excite- 
 ment in, on the fall of Warsaw, 86 
 depressed state of the workmen of, 
 
 1831, V. xxix. 2 the republican press 
 in,.20 distress and pauperism in, 1831, 
 21 conspiracies of Notre Dame and 
 the Rue Provaires in, 23 first appear- 
 ance of the cholera in, 31 commission 
 at, on it, 34 its ravages in, 35 and 
 note the royalist committee at, their 
 measures on the attempt of the 
 Duchess de Berri, 46 exti-eme dis- 
 content and democratic movement 
 in, 56 funeral of Lamarque, 58 pre- 
 parations of government, 59 out- 
 break of the insurrection, 60 et seq. 
 vigorous measures of government 
 against it, 63 meeting at Lafitte's, 
 64 progress of the insurrection, 65 
 chances on both sides, 66 forces 
 of government, 67 Soult's military 
 measures, 68 great successes of the in- 
 surgents, and consternation of the mili- 
 tary chiefs, 69 forces on both sides, 
 and scene of the struggle, 70 suc- 
 cesses of the troops, 71 storming of 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 220 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Paris, continued. 
 the Cloister of St Meri, 72 results 
 of the conflict, and conduct of the 
 king, 73 losses of the parties in the 
 conflict, ib. placed in a state of 
 siege, 74 increased confidence in, 
 after the suppression of the re- 
 volt, 80 how secured on be- 
 half of government of Louis Phil- 
 ippe, xxx. 3 licentiousness of the 
 theatres and romances, 7 pro- 
 ject for fortification of, 15 oppo- 
 sition to it, and it is postponed, 16 
 portion of grant for public works ap- 
 propriated to, 18 the Polish com- 
 mittee at, 22 extreme violence of 
 the press in, 1833 and 1834, 31 law 
 against public criers in, 34 insurrec- 
 tion in, 1834, 48 measures of govern- 
 ment against it, 49 their victory, 
 and massacre in the Rue Transnonain, 
 50 excitement in, on the treaty re- 
 garding the Eastern question, xxxii. 
 60 fresh proposals for fortifying, ib. 
 excitement in, after the bombard- 
 ment of Beyrout, 68 excitement in, 
 during the trials for treason, xxxiii. 
 24 escape of the leaders of the revolt 
 in, 25 celebration of the fete of 
 July in, 1835, 29 explosion of the in- 
 fernal machine, 30 sensation caused 
 by the infernal machine conspiracy 
 in, 32 catastrophe in, on the mar- 
 riage of the Duke of Orleans, 89 
 distress among the working classes, 
 
 1837, 91 sums voted to theatres of, 
 
 1838, 123 and note the elections of 
 1837, and the liberal committee in, 
 VI. xxxiv. 3 proposed railways from, 
 8 state of poor, and legitimate and 
 illegitimate births, 1838, 16 the 
 Societe" des Families in, 35 that of 
 des Saisons, 36 insurrection of 12th 
 May, 37 tone of the press of, 
 
 1839, 40 state of the press of, 1840, 
 76 inauguration of pillar on the 
 Place <le la Pastille, 79 the reinter- 
 ment of Napoleon in the Invalides, 87 
 political manifestations on the occa- 
 sion, 88 fortification of, agreed to 
 on the Eastern crisis, 95 different 
 views with regard to it, 96 plan 
 adopted, ib. continuance of the forti- 
 fication of, 111 Soult's views on 
 this, 112 loan from bankers of, to 
 Rank of England, 1839, xxxvii. 40 
 great increase of population of, VII. 
 xliii. 158 review of National Guard 
 of. 1840, and reform movement among 
 them, xliv. 31 commencement of 
 combination and riot in, 1840, 36 
 riots in (September, 37 measures of 
 
 government for their suppression, 38 
 and B Ale Railway, the, 42 the Polish 
 banquet at, interdicted, 52 attempt- 
 ed assassination of the Duo d'Orleans 
 at, 66 various railways from, planned 
 under Guizot, 79 elections of 1842 
 for, 80 measures of municipality to 
 meet the scarcity of 1846, &c, xlvii. 
 5 distress in, from the monetary 
 crisis of 1847, 8 discontent of the 
 National Guard of, 17 proposed re- 
 form banquet at, 1848, 41 agitation, 
 42 preparations for it, and compro- 
 mise agreed to, 44 proposed proces- 
 sion, 45 the liberals decide against it, 
 47 forces of the republicans in, 49 
 andofthegovernment,50 aspect of the 
 people, 51 policy of National Guard, 
 52 they in effect join the insurgents, 
 53 excitement on Guizot's resigna- 
 tion, 56 catastrophe before his house, 
 57 increased agitation, 60 successes 
 of Marshal Bugeaud, 61 withdrawal 
 of the troops, ib., 62 flight of the 
 king and royal family, 68 state of, 
 after the revolution of 1848, VIII. 1. 3 
 
 disorders round, 4 and in, 7 for- 
 mation of the Ateliers Nationaux, 13 
 unemployed workmen in, 1848, 20 
 attempt to revolutionise Belgium 
 from, 42 dissolution of the Com- 
 pagnies d'Elite in, 50 demonstration 
 of these, 51 counter demonstration 
 of the extreme party, 52 et seq. the 
 elections in, 56 preparations for re- 
 volt in, 57 revolt of March, and its 
 defeat, 58 et seq. grand review in, 
 April, 63 the elections for, 64 in- 
 surrection of May 15th, 70 et seq. 
 Socialist leaders returned by, 77 the 
 insurrection of June in, forces &c., 81 
 its outbreak, 82 and progress, 83 
 plans of Cavaignac, 81 combats in 
 the streets, 86 et acq. its suppression, 
 93 and results, 94 cruelty of insur- 
 gents, 95 heroism of the soldiers, 96 
 - state of siege continued, li. 6 
 reception of the constitution of IS 18 
 in, 16 election of Louis Napoleon for, 
 19 banquet agitation in, 20 con- 
 spiracy of January 29, lvii. 13 insur- 
 rection of June 13, and its defeat, 17 
 
 declared in state of siege, 18 feel- 
 ing in, on the president's change of 
 ministry, 21 election of March 1850 
 in, 2'.'> the coup d'etat, 48 et seq. 
 combat in. 51 . 
 
 Parishes, number, &c. of, in England, 
 in connection with education, II. x. 
 57. 
 
 Parito, M.. chosen president of the Sardi- 
 nian Chamber, VIII. Hi. 120. 
 
 The Lar'jc Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 221 
 
 Parker, Mr, defeats Lord John Russell 
 in Devonshire, 1835, VI. xxxvi. 3. 
 
 Parker, Sir W., at capture of Ningpo, 
 VIII. xlviii. 37. 
 
 Parker, admiral, threatens Greece in 
 1850, VIII. lvi. 57. 
 
 Parkhurst prison, statistics of, VIII. lvi. 
 42 note. 
 
 Parliament, discussions in, on the pro- 
 perty tax, I. ii. 12 arguments 
 against its continuance, 13 et seq. 
 and for it, 20 et seq. discussion on 
 the budget, 1816, 25 vote for the 
 army for 1816 by, 32 debate on 
 agricultural distress in, 33 et seq. 
 discussion regarding the resumption 
 of cash payments, 45 et seq. motion 
 regarding the Holy Alliance, 58 
 debate on bill for the detention of 
 Napoleon, 59 provision voted to the 
 Princess Charlotte, &c, 60 votes for 
 public monuments, 61 et seq. votes 
 to officers, &c, 63 reflections on the 
 proceedings for 1S16, 65 meeting in 
 1817, and measures proposed, iv. 11 
 debates on trade and manufactures, 
 24 debates on the resumption of cash 
 payments 1818, 34 et seq. discussion 
 on bill of indemnity, 41 grant for 
 building new churches, 44 treaty 
 with Spain, &c. regarding the slave 
 trade, 45 discussions on the alien 
 act, 46 committee on charities, ib. 
 acts relaxing the criminal code, 47 
 Sir James Mackintosh in, 54 the 
 royal speech on opening, in 1819, 56 
 debates on the currency question, 
 1819, 57 on the bank restriction act, 
 61 et seq. Mr Vansittart's finance re- 
 solution, 80 discussion on criminal 
 law reform, 82 et seq. the division, 
 90 debate on the foreign enlistment 
 bill, .06 et seq. the new Houses of, v. 
 88 discussions in, on the treatment 
 of Napoleon, II. ix. 115 meeting of, 
 1819, and the royal speech, x. 34 
 Lord Sidmouth's six acts, 35 meet- 
 ing of, after the death of George III., 
 and discussion on the queen, 42 
 meeting of the new, 1820, 52 in- 
 crease of the yeomanry, 54 the budget 
 for 1820, 55 subjects debated dur- 
 ing the session, 56 debate on the dis- 
 franchisement of Grampound, 63 
 the doctrine of free trade first broach- 
 ed in, 64 appointment of committee 
 on agricultural distress, 68 Broug- 
 ham's speech on it, (J\) et seq. and 
 answer of the Free-traders, 72 the 
 bill of pains and penalties against the 
 queen, 84 et seq. meeting of, 1821, 
 92 majority for ministers, ib. do- 
 
 thc Siiuxli, to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 bates on foreign affairs, 93 debate 
 on Catholic emancipation, 95 carried 
 in the Commons and thrown out in 
 the Peers, 97 Russell's motion for 
 parliamentary reform, 98 committee 
 of inquiry into agricultural distress, 
 99 debate on bank cash payment 
 bill, 100 motion for reduction of tax- 
 ation, and discussion on it, 103 
 measures regarding Ireland in 1822, 
 123 debate on the Catholic claims, 
 1822, 124 increasing strength of the 
 minority on it, ib. and on parlia- 
 mentary reform, 125 Sir J. Mackin- 
 tosh's motion regarding the criminal 
 law, 127 discussion on the fall of 
 prices, &c, 128 measures to relieve 
 the agricultural distress, 129, 130 
 debate on the currency question, 131 
 et seq. repeated defeats of ministers, 
 143 reductions of taxation, 1822, 144 
 the budget, 145 reduction of the five 
 per cents, 146 equalisation of the dead- 
 weight, 147 small-notes bill, 149 
 acts relating to commerce and naviga- 
 tion, 151 the king's speech on open- 
 ing, 1823, xii. 29 debate on the 
 Spanish question, 32 et seq. pro- 
 ceedings regarding Spain and the 
 South American republics, 104 de- 
 bates on the surrender of Parga, III. 
 xiv. 11 meeting of, 1823, and king's 
 speech, xix. 7 budget of 1823, 10 
 1824, 11 conversion of dead-weight, 
 12 reduction of the four per cents, 
 13 ai'rangements regarding the na- 
 tional debt, 14 grants voted for new 
 churches, Windsor Castle, &c, 15 
 debates in, on the reciprocity system, 
 23 et seq. on the free-trade system, 
 36 discussion on the free-trade sys- 
 tem, 36 et seq. its application to the 
 silk trade, 49 reduction of duties on 
 wool, 50 repeal of laws against com- 
 bination and emigration of artisans, 52 
 et seq. discussion on the recognition 
 of the South American States, 66 
 budget of 1825, 69 taxes reduced, 
 and public accounts, 70 discussion 
 on reduction of the duties on spirits, 
 71 further free-trade measures, 1825, 
 . 76 new laws regarding colonial ship- 
 ping, 77 measures to meet the mone- 
 tary crisis, 80 proceedings regarding 
 riot at Dublin Theatre. IV. xx. 19 
 renewal of Irish insurrection act, 21 
 tithe composition act, ib. debates on 
 Irish corruption and Catholic emanci- 
 pation, 22 Roman Catholic question 
 in relation to England, 28 parlia- 
 mentary reform, alien bill, and re- 
 versal of Scottish attainders, 29 act 
 
 (he Paragraph.
 
 222 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Parliament, continued. 
 
 for uniformity of weights and mea- 
 sures, 31 chancery reform, 32 bill 
 to repress Catholic Association, 33 
 debate on Catholic emancipation, 1825, 
 43 et seq. king's speech, 1826, and 
 letting out of bonded grain, xxi. 3 
 debate on the bill for suppressing 
 small notes, 5 et seq. it is carried, 1(5 
 error in these debates, 20 acts for 
 relieving the distress, 23 debates on 
 the emigration question in, 27 the 
 budget, 32 debate on the corn laws, 
 33 interim admission of foreign 
 grain, 41 dissolution, and elections, 
 44 opening of the new, 46 tem- 
 porary relaxation of the corn laws, 47 
 king's message regarding Portugal, 
 48 debate on the subject, 50 et seq. 
 reception of the ministerial changes 
 of 1827, 68 rejection of the Catholic 
 bill, 71 Peel's speech against it, 72 
 et seq. ministerial measures on the 
 corn laws, 77 et seq. proceedings on 
 silk-weavers and shipowners, 82 
 Penryn and East Retford convicted of 
 bribery commencement of the reform 
 question, 83 royal speech on Nava- 
 rino, and discussion on it, 98 grant 
 to Mr Canning's family, 99 finance 
 committee and Catholic question, 100 
 corn-law bill, 101 bill for sup- 
 pression of small notes, 102 repeal 
 of test and corporation acts, 103 
 et seq. the king's speech on the 
 Catholic question, 128 arguments 
 for the bill, 130 et seq. and against 
 it, 140 et seq. division on it, 147 
 Wellington's speech in the Lords, 148 
 bill carried there, 149 bill for dis- 
 franchising the forty - shilling free- 
 holders, 151 O'Connell claims his 
 seat in, 152 his re-election, 153 
 want of representation of the great 
 towns, xxii. 2 petition to, for reform 
 in relation to state of the currency, 4 
 note motion on the distress of the 
 silk-weavers, 9 budget for 1829, 10 
 Mr Attwood on the causes of Irish 
 distress, 11 Mr Waithman's exposi- 
 tion of the effects of the monetary 
 system on manufactures, 12 meeting 
 of, 1.830, 20 debate on the public 
 distress in the Lords, 21 et seq. 
 changes of party shown by the di- 
 vision, 25 motions for reducing 
 salaries of. public officers, 28 for re- 
 duction of the army and navy, 29 
 for a revision of the system of taxa- 
 tion, 30 defeat of ministers on a 
 minor question, 31 motion on the 
 currency, 32 financial measures, 33 
 
 The La 
 
 taxes remitted, 34 speech of Mr 
 Baring on the abandonment of the 
 sinking fund, 36 motions on reform 
 during session of 1830, 43 debate on 
 a regency, on the accession of William 
 IV. 54 the West India question, and 
 prosecutions of the press, 55 its dis- 
 solution, 56 results of the elections, 
 57 meeting of, and king's speech, 
 1830, 71 Lord Grey's declaration on 
 reform, 72 and Wellington's against 
 it, 73 Brougham's plan of reform, 75 
 - his speech on the postponement of 
 .the king's visit to the city, 78 mi- 
 nisters defeated and resign, 79 Earl 
 Grey's announcement of his principles 
 of government, xxiii. 24 vote of, to 
 relieve the distress in Ireland, 26 
 the budget, and defeat of ministers on 
 it, 28 committee on the reform bill, 
 30 petitions, 31 introduction of the 
 bill, and arguments for it, 32 et seq. - 
 its reception in the House, 46 argu- 
 ments against it, 47 et seq. petitions 
 for shortening the duratiou of, 31 
 leave given to bring in the bill, 54 
 petitions for it, 55 that of the Lon- 
 don merchants and bankers against it, 
 5G majority of one for second read- 
 ing, 57 counter motion cai'ried 
 against ministers, 58 settlement on 
 the crown, CO means by which the 
 ministry induce the king to dissolve, 
 61 scene at the dissolution, 64, 65 - 
 results of the elections, 68 meeting 
 of, and king's speech, 72 majority for 
 second reading of the bill, 73 dis- 
 cussion on particular boroughs, 74 
 motion to give members to the colo- 
 nies negatived, 75 that on 50 
 tenants carried, 76 third reading of 
 the bill carried, 77 Earl Grey's speech 
 in House of Peers. 79 majority against 
 the bill in the House of Lords, 81 
 vote of confidence in ministers in the 
 Commons, 82 introduction of the 
 new reform bill, 93 division on it, and 
 Peel's speech against it, 95 majority 
 on third reading, and Lord John Rus- 
 sell's closing declaration, 96 motion 
 on the distress in the country, 97 
 resolution to create peers, 101 et seq. 
 meetings to coerce the peers, 104 
 majority for second reading in Peers, 
 105 and for Lord Lyndhurst's amend- 
 ment, 106 resignation of ministers, 
 1('7 Lord Ebrington's motion carried, 
 111 the king yields, and ministers 
 resume office, 112 his circular to the 
 opposition peers, 113 the bill passed, 
 and receives the royal assent, 115 
 the Scotch and Irish bills passed, 
 
 rjc Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 223 
 
 116 general results of the reform bill 
 on, 119 entrance of talent through 
 the close boroughs, 132 the finances 
 for 1832, V. xxxi. 10 the Ru3so- 
 Belgian loan, 11 the king's speech on 
 Ireland, 12 committees appointed on 
 it, and their recommendations, 13 
 debate, &c. on the tithe question, 15 
 et seq. the government tithe scheme 
 carried, 17 prorogation of, 1832, 23 
 result of the elections for the first 
 reformed, 26 meeting of it, and first 
 proceedings, 27 its extreme wordi- 
 ness, and regulations in consequence, 
 28 regulations for forenoon hours, 
 29 coercion bill for Ireland, 30 
 debates on the coercion bill, 31 et seq. 
 it is carried, 42 debates on bill for 
 reducing Irish church establishment, 
 45 et seq. new project regaining 
 tithes in Ireland, 52 Mr Attwood's 
 speech on state of country, 56 answer 
 of government, 57 the budget, 58 
 ministry defeated on malt tax, 59 
 this vote rescinded, 60 effects of 
 these votes on public opinion, 61 
 conduct of Conservative opposition, 63 
 debate on renewal of bank charter 
 act. 64 et seq. resolutions in 1823, re- 
 garding slavery, 85 the colonists re- 
 fuse to act on these, 86 Mr Stanley's 
 arguments for negro emancipation, .91 
 et seq. grant of 20,000,000 to the 
 slave-owners, 99 bill for regulating 
 infant labour in factories, 109 close 
 of session, and review of its proceed- 
 ings, 110 motion by, &c., regarding 
 Baron Smith, 115 motion for repeal 
 of Irish union, and debate on it, 116 
 et seq. divided state of, on the subject 
 of Ireland and repeal, 127 motion by 
 Mr Ward on the Irish church, 12S 
 commission of inquiry on it appointed, 
 132 attempt to force on Mr Ward's 
 motion, 133 declaration of ministers 
 on it, ib. question before House of 
 Lords, 134 progress of the tithe bill, 
 13(5 opposition of all parties to it, 
 137 parting address of Lord Grey as 
 minister in, 141 modified coercion 
 bill for Ireland, 143 fate of the Irish 
 church bill, 144 poor-law amendment 
 bill, 145 debate on poor-law amend- 
 ment bill, 147 et seq. it is carried, 
 151 final passing of it, 153 proroga- 
 tion of, and king's speech on it, 155 
 burning of the Houses, VI. xxxv. 
 15 motion for repeal of malt tax, 26 
 debate on Lord Londonderry's ap- 
 pointment as ambassador to St Peters- 
 burg, 28 et seq. debate on Irish 
 church, 32 et seq. division on it, and 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 resignation of ministers, 43 predomi- 
 nance of the Irish members, 48 de- 
 bate on the India bill, 69 passing of 
 it, 73 debate on municipal reform 
 bill, VI. xxxvi. 9 et seq. fate of the 
 bill, 15 debate on Irish church bill, 
 19 motions on the currency, agri- 
 cultural distress, and Orange lodges, 
 20 the budget, 21 meeting of, 1835, 
 and division on the speakership, 22 
 division on the address, 23 opening 
 of, 1836, and king's speech, 30 debate 
 on the Irish corporation reform act, 
 32 et seq. majority for Irish corpora- 
 tion bill in Commons, 38 modifica- 
 tion of it in the Lords, and its final 
 rejection, 39 the Irish church bill 
 again passed by the Commons and 
 thrown out by the Lords, 40 danger 
 from the collisions between the two 
 Houses, 41 commission bv, on the 
 Irish poor and its report, 47 English 
 tithe bill, and bill for registration of 
 births, &c, 48 agricultural distress 
 committee, and refusal of currency in- 
 vestigation, 49 the budget, 50 dis- 
 cussion on the army and navj', 51 
 Lord Dudley Stuart's speech on the 
 power of Russia, 52 meeting of, 
 1337, and debate on the address, 57 
 the Irish corporation bill, 58 bill for 
 abolishing church-rates, 64 vote of, 
 on Lord Normanby's jail-delivery in 
 Ireland, 65 discussions on the affair 
 of the Vixen, 72 debate in, on the 
 working of the new poor-law, 1839, 
 xxxvii. 49 committee on combina- 
 tions, 56 division against the charter, 
 65 -Mr Villiers as the leader of the 
 anti-corn-law movement in, 72 debate 
 on the Canadian rebellion, 93 claim 
 of Canada for representation in, 94 
 debate on Lord Durham's ordinance in 
 Canada, 1 00 and on the apprentice- 
 ship system, 117 Brougham on the 
 increasing horroi'S of the slave trade, 
 118 et seq. act regarding prisons in 
 the West Indies, &c., 124 small 
 majority of the Melbourne ministry 
 in, 126 debate on the Jamaica bill, 
 127 et seq. division on it, and resig- 
 nation of ministers, 132 election of 
 Speaker, and second Jamaica bill, 137 
 settlement on Prince Albert, xxxviii. 
 4 changes in criminal law, 6 im- 
 portant resolution regarding colonisa- 
 tion, 9 debate thereon, 10 the 
 penny postage system, 18 discussion, 
 &c. of privilege of, in connection with 
 Stockdale's case, 21 et seq. statis- 
 tics of Irish crime laid before, 26 
 discussion on Lord Xormauby's libe- 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 224 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Parliament, continued. 
 
 ration of prisoners, 28 additions 
 voted to the army, 1839 and 1840, 
 34 debate on the state of the navy, 
 35 motion of Mr Villiers on the 
 corn laws, 37 new reform bill for 
 Ireland, and its fate, 41 the budget, 
 42 division on it, 43 the debate on 
 it, 44 ct seq. balance of parties in, 
 1841, 40 new reform bill for Ireland, 
 41 the budget, 42 the division and 
 debate on it, 43 et seq. vote of want 
 of confidence, 54 dissolution, 55 
 result of the elections, 57 defeats of 
 ministers, and their resignation, 58 
 session of 1841, VII. xli. 26 opening 
 of that of 1842, 27 Sir R. Peel's corn- 
 law scheme, 28 et seq. the sliding 
 scale, 34 arguments against it, 35 it 
 is passed, 40 Sir 11, Peel's proposed 
 tariff and financial measures, 43 et seq. 
 arguments against the income tax, 
 50 et seq. intelligence received of 
 the Afghanistan disaster, 61 Lord 
 Mahon's copyright bill, 62 et seq. 
 debate on the arms act for Ireland, 
 70 session of 1843, 78 Lord Ash- 
 ley's bills tfor infant labour, lb. Sir 
 James Graham's factory and educa- 
 tion bill, 70 new factory bill, and 
 ten hours amendment, 80 bill re- 
 garding turnpikes in Wales, 84 great 
 Chartist petition to, 85 bill for re- 
 ducing the 'A\ per cents, 103 budget 
 for 1844, 104 reduction of taxes, 
 105 and of the sugar duties, 106 
 debate on bank charter act, 1 07 et 
 seq. it is passed, 114 Scotch and 
 Irish bills, 115 the railway com- 
 mittees in, and their decisions, xlii. 
 6 bill reducing railway deposits 
 to a half, 11 budget of 1845, 14 
 income tax continued, and indirect 
 taxes repealed, 15 bill for establish- 
 ing secular colleges in Ireland, 22 
 enlarged grant to Maynooth, 23 in- 
 troduction of Scotch poor-law, 26 
 charge against Sir James Graham of 
 opening letters, 31 passing of alien 
 act, 32 motion by Mr Cobden on 
 agricultural distress, 33 motion of 
 Mr Miles regarding it, 34 further 
 divisions on corn laws, and close of 
 session, 35 meeting of, 1846, and 
 queen's speech, 46, 47 debate on re- 
 peal of the corn laws, 4S et seq. Dis- 
 raeli's attack on Peel, 57 arguments 
 against the bill, 59 result of debate, 
 65 Wellington's speech on the bill, 
 <i<; budget for 1816, 68 new coer- 
 cion act for Ireland, 70 coalition 
 against ministry, 71 debate on bill, 
 
 The Lt 
 
 72 majority against ministers, 81 
 Disraeli's picture of the division 
 scene, 82 Sir R. Peel's concluding 
 address, announcing his resignation, 
 84 strength of the moneyed and 
 manufacturing interest in, and its in- 
 fluence on the corn-law question, 89 
 meeting of, 1846, and government 
 plan for the sugar duties, xliii. 5 et 
 seq. discussion on flogging in the 
 army, 22 et seq. arms bill for Ireland, 
 29 plans of, for relieving the Irish 
 famine, 33 meeting of, on the Irish 
 famine, and queen's speech, 36 
 Lord Brougham's picture of Ireland, 
 38 ministerial plans, 37, 39 amend- 
 ed poor and temporary relief act for 
 Ireland, 40 absorption of, by the 
 Irish famine, 53 debate on Lord 
 G. Bentinck's Irish railway scheme, 
 54 division on it, 63 the budget 
 for 1847, 69 debates in, on the com- 
 mercial crisis of 1847, 75 debate 
 on the navigation laws, 85 on 
 Mr Fielden's bill to limit factory 
 labour, 86 introduction of limited 
 service system into army, 94 et seq. 
 debates on public education, 96 new 
 Irish coercion bill, 97 prorogation 
 and dissolution of, 98 meeting of, 
 1847, and queen's speech on the sus- 
 pension of the bank act, 105 discus- 
 sion on the latter, 106 et seq. answer 
 
 of Lord G. Bentinck,&c, 109 ct seq 
 
 report of committees on bank charter 
 act, 112 prorogation of, 114 ex- 
 citement in, on the Tahiti affair, xlvi. 
 2 debate on the Polish question, 
 28 thanks voted on conquest of 
 Scinde, VIII. xlix. 29 announce- 
 ment of recall of Lord Ellenborough, 
 44 effects of absence of control of, 
 in India, 124 dangers from its direct 
 government there, 126 debate in, on 
 repeal of navigation laws, lvi. 7 (t see/. 
 it is carried, 15 motion for relief 
 to agricultural classes, 1 S debate on 
 it, Hi. debate on free trade, 26 ct seq. 
 - decision on it, 31 difficulty of di- 
 rect representation of the colonies in, 
 43 continues suspension of habeas 
 corpus act in Ireland, 52 the Irish 
 encumbered estates bill, 53 pro- 
 ceedings in, on affair of Don Pauifico, 
 59 defeat of ministers on militia 
 bill, 64 dissolved, and elections for 
 new, 69 defeat of ministers on the 
 budget, and their resignation, 70 the 
 members of, at Wellington's funeral, 
 77. 
 
 Parliament, the proposed Austrian, VIII. 
 liv. 17. 
 
 rge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 225 
 
 Parliament House, Edinburgh, banquet 
 to George IV. in the, II. x. ] 53. 
 
 Parliaments, annual, one of the points 
 of the charter, VI. xxxvii. 63. 
 
 Parliamentary commission, report of 
 the, 1846, on the potato failure in 
 Ireland, VII. xlii. 88. 
 
 Parliamentary committee, report of, on 
 opening letters, VII. xlii. 31. 
 
 Parliamentary expenses, railway, .VII. 
 xlii. 5 note. 
 
 Parliamentary proceedings, bill regard- 
 ing publication of, VI. xxxviii. 24. 
 
 Parliamentary reform, motion by Lord 
 John Russell on, 1820, II. x. 63 and 
 again, 1821, 98 increase of desire 
 among the agriculturists for, 105 
 motion on, 1822, and increasing 
 strength of the minority on it, 125 
 effects of, in Ireland, IV. xx. 18 
 motion by Mr Abercromby on, 1824, 
 29 commencement of the question 
 of, 83 Canning the opponent of, xxi. 
 88 motion on, 1829, xxii. 7. See 
 Reform. 
 
 Parma, count, heads the revolutionists 
 at Alessandria, II. vii. 119. 
 
 Parma, grand-duchess of, abdication of, 
 IV. xxv. 26 applies for aid to Aus- 
 tria, 27 restored, and amnesty grant- 
 ed by, ib. 
 
 Parma, contributions from France to, I. 
 iii. 48 note treaty regarding duchy 
 of, II. vii. 48 -democratic insurrec- 
 tion in, 1830, IV. xxv. 25, 26 its sup- 
 pression, 27 volunteers from, VIII. 
 Iii. 20 terms of armistice regarding, 
 76 occupation of, by the Austrians, 
 77 conditions of final armistice re- 
 garding, 98. 
 
 Parmentier, M., the trial, &c. of, VII. 
 xlvii. 11, 12. 
 
 Parnassus, mount, defeat of the Turks 
 in passes of, III. xiv. 113. 
 
 Parnell, Sir H., on the resumption of 
 cash payments, I. iv. 34 defence of 
 the Catholic Association by, IV. xx. 
 38 motion by, on the civil list, 1830, 
 xxii. 79 treasurer of navy, 1835, VI. 
 xxxv. 44 note. 
 
 Parochial boards, the, under new Scotch 
 poor-law, VII. xlii. 29. 
 
 Parochial school system of Scotland, 
 the, and want of it in England, I. iv. 
 46 its introduction into England 
 proposed by Brougham, II. x. 56. 
 
 Farque, the duke del, a member of the 
 Cortes of 1822, II. xi. 51. 
 
 Parquin, colonel, accompanies Louis Na- 
 poleon to Boulogne, VI. xxxiv. 81. 
 
 Parthenon, purchase of the friezes from 
 the, I. ii. 62. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 Parti-pretre, the, undue ascendancy of, 
 in France, II. ix. Ill increasing pre- 
 dominance of, xii. 120 increasing 
 influence of, with Charles X., III. xvi. 
 9 denunciations of, by the press, 37 
 re-establishment of the censorship 
 by the, 57 urge the disbanding of 
 the National Guard, 63 compel the 
 retirement of Labourdonnaye, xvii. 8 
 dangerous influence of, on the gov- 
 ernment of Charles X., 112. 
 
 Party contests, cause of the violence of, 
 in the United States, VI. xxxvii. 12. 
 
 Party riots, prevalence of, in Ireland, 
 1823, IV. xx. 20. 
 
 Parant, M., minister of public instruc- 
 tion, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 33 note. 
 
 Paskewitch, field-marshal, the head of 
 the Tchinn, II. viii. 24 anecdote of, 
 151 note defeat of the Persians by, 
 in 1826, III. xiii. 72 further suc- 
 cesses, and peace, 73 commands 
 against the Persians, xv. 21 besieges 
 Abbasabad, ib. victory of Djevan- 
 Boulak, 22 capture of Abbasabad, ib. 
 captures Sardarabad and Erivau, 24 
 proclamation to his army, ib. fur- 
 ther successes, 25 concludes peace, 
 26 fresh successes of, and peace 
 finally ratified, 28 forces under, for 
 campaign of 1828, 66 his line of 
 operations, 67 besieges Kars, 68 its 
 fall, 70 plague breaks out among his 
 troops, 71 captures Akhalzikk, 72, 
 73 defeats the Turks, 75, 76 cap- 
 ture of Akhalzikh, 79, 80 further 
 successes, 81 results of the cam- 
 paign, 82 his plans, and formation 
 of Mahommedan corps, 83 threaten- 
 ed hostilities with Persia, and mea- 
 sures in consequence, 89 forces 
 under, and opening of campaign, 90 
 defeats Hadgi Hassan, 91- his dispo- 
 sitions, and position of the Turks, 92 
 his plan of attack, 93 subsequent 
 movements, 94 battle of Kainly, 95 
 et seq. storming of intrenched camp 
 of Milli Duz, 99 results of these vic- 
 tories, 100 his advance and capture 
 of Hassan Kale, 101 fall of Erze- 
 roum, 102 further movements, 103 
 submission of Pacha of Mush, and 
 of Baibout, 104 combats at Khart, 
 105 retreats to Erzeroum, 106 
 combats in Guriel, 107 again ad- 
 vances against Baibout, 108 defeats 
 the Turks there, 109 armistice, and 
 results of campaign, 110 made field- 
 marshal, ?'&. appointed to the chief 
 command in Poland, IV. xxvi. 79 
 offensive plans of, 82, 83 he crosses 
 the Vistula, 84 forces and position 
 
 the Paragraph. P
 
 226 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Paskewitch, field-marshal, continued. 
 of, 87 assault of Warsaw, 89 refuses 
 all terms, 90 appointed to command 
 the Russian army of intervention, 
 VIII. lv. 39 movements assigned to, 
 46 sketch of his career, 49 forces 
 under, 50 captures Debreczyn, 53 
 proposals to Georgey to capitulate, 
 62 movements against the latter, 
 65 battle of Debreczyn, 66 capitu- 
 lation of Georgey to, 81 attempts 
 of, to save the Hungarian leaders, 84. 
 
 Pasquier, M., Garde des Sceaux in 1815, 
 
 I. iii. 9 retires with Talleyi^and, 42 
 character, &c. of, 58 in the Chamber 
 of 1816, vi. 10 chosen president, ib. 
 bill regarding the liberty of the press 
 introduced by, 1818, 55 views of, in 
 1818, 78 tenders his resignation, ib. 
 becomes minister of foreign affairs, 
 
 II. ix. 23 arguments of, for re-estab- 
 lishing the censorship, 57 efforts of, 
 on behalf of the new electoral law, 63 
 circular to the electors drawn up 
 by, 94 speech of, on the censorship, 
 1821, 104 the royalists on him, 105 
 - arguments of, against the new law 
 of succession, III. xvi. 44 et seq. 
 presides at the trials for treason in 
 1834, V. xxxiii. 17 attack on Barbes 
 by, VI. xxxiv. 41. 
 
 Passengers, total railway. 1S45 to 184.0, 
 
 VII. xlii. 5 note. 
 
 Passy, M., becomes minister of finance, 
 V. xxxiii. 5 minister of commerce 
 under Thiers, 52 note majority 
 against, as president, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 
 32 majority for, as president, 1839, 
 34 finance minister under Soult, 
 1839, 38 note minister of finance, 
 1848, VIII. li. 31 a member of Louis 
 Napoleon's cabinet, lvii. 3 speech 
 against reduction of salt duties. 5 pro- 
 posed additional duty on successions,6. 
 
 Passy, cholera at, V. xxix. 32 note. 
 
 Pastrengo, defeat of the Austrians at, 
 
 VIII. Iii. 38. 
 
 Pasturage, increased direction of agricul- 
 ture into, in old countries, VII. xliii. 
 158, 160. 
 
 Patans, submission of the, 1817, VI. 
 xxxix. 47. 
 
 Patents, abolition of tax on, in Belgium, 
 VIII. liii. 18. 
 
 Patras, capture of, by the insurgent 
 Greeks, III. xiv. 21 i-ecapture of, by 
 the Turks, 36 fearful massacre, ib. 
 blockade of, by the Greeks, 42 de- 
 feat of the Greeks near, 45 relieved 
 by the Turks, 91 blockade of, by the 
 Greeks, 118 capture of, by Greek 
 insurgents, VII. xlvi. 58. 
 
 The L 
 
 Patrickson, colonel, on the distress in 
 
 Ireland in 1823, II. x. 122 note. 
 Patriot, universal sympathy with the, 
 
 VI. xxxix. 1. 
 
 Patronage, distribution of, in France 
 under Louis Philippe, V. xxx. 3, 4 
 government corruption by means of, 
 in France, VI. xxxiv. 13 church, ad- 
 vantages of, VI. xxxvii. 76. 
 
 Pattle, colonel, at Meanee, VIII. xlix. 
 15, 17. 
 
 Paul, the emperor, ukase in favour of the 
 serfs by, II. viii. 28 the succession 
 made hereditary by, 111 bequest of 
 Georgia to, III. xiii. 69 treaty with 
 Napoleon for invasion of India, VI. 
 xl. 24. 
 
 Pauloise, seizure of Louvel by, II. ix. 
 36. 
 
 Paupers, out and in door, 1840-8, V. 
 xxxi. 153 and note average number 
 of, VI. xxxvii. 49 English, number 
 of, 184 2-7, VII. xlii. 13 note pro- 
 posed new regulations regarding re- 
 movability of, 50 tables of, 1848-56, 
 xliii. 162 note. 
 
 Pauper funerals, proportion of, in Glas- 
 gow, 1848, VII. xliii. 126 note. 
 
 Pauperism, expenditure on, in Ireland, 
 
 IV. xx. 2 in Paris, 1831, V. xxix. 21 
 abuses which had crept in with re- 
 gard to, xxxi. 145 increase of, by the 
 old poor-law, 148 statistics of, under 
 new poor-law, 154 and note statistics 
 of, 1836 to 1841, VI. xxxvii. 45 in- 
 crease of, 1839, 48 increase of, 1842, 
 
 VII. xli. 17 1840-3, ib. note history 
 of, and law regarding, in Scotland, 
 xlii. 26 et seq. great increase of, 
 1847-8, xliii. 124 increase of, in Glas- 
 gow and the neighbouring districts, 
 1848, 126 in Lanarkshire, 1847-8, 
 ib. note Great Britain, 1848 to 1852, 
 
 VIII. lvi. 4 and note effects of the 
 gold discoveries on, 74 and note. 
 
 Pavia, insurrection in, VIII. Hi. 10 
 occupation of, by the Austrians, 75 
 concentration of the Austrians at, 90. 
 
 Pavilion Marsan, the, in the French 
 Chamber, I. iii. 56. 
 
 Peace, the, stimulation of democratic 
 passion by, I. i. 3 position of govern- 
 ments and peoples during it. 4 state 
 of Great Britain on the conclusion of, 
 ii. I et seq. not the cause of the pre- 
 valent distress, 9 acquisitions of Rus- 
 sia by, II. viii. 2 influence of, on 
 France, ix. 2 effect of the continu- 
 ance of, in France, III. xvii. 115 
 moderation displayed by Germany on, 
 
 V. xxvii. 2 development of the 
 resources of Germany since, 6 et 
 
 urge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 227 
 
 seq. great effect of the changes in 
 the currency laws during, VI. xxxv. 1 
 danger of unsuitable military ap- 
 pointments during, xl. 144 diminu- 
 tion of corporal punishment in the army 
 during, VII. xliii. 24 prosperity of 
 Germany during, VIII. liii. 5. 
 Pearl fishery, joint-stock company for, 
 
 1825, III. xix. 66 note. 
 Peasantry, the, character and state of, in 
 Spain, II. vii. 17 in Russia, viii. 26, 
 27 state of, in Ireland, x. 116 the 
 Irish, recklessness, &c. of, IV. xxi. 
 164 government measures for ame- 
 liorating condition of, in Prussia, V. 
 xxvii. 43 state of the Irish, and its 
 causes, VI. xxxvi. 45 the French, 
 depressed condition of, VII. xliv. 4 
 their state under Louis Philippe, 107 
 efforts of Russia to ameliorate their 
 condition in Poland, xlvi. 13 regula- 
 tions regarding, in Prussian Poland, 
 14 and in Gallicia, 15 the French, 
 feeling of, toward the revolution of 
 1848, VIII. 1. 29 the Hungarian, 
 liii. 11 representation of, in the 
 Tyrol, 9. 
 Pechlin, M., V. xxvii. 48 note. 
 Pechonnier, M., V. xxxiii. 21. 
 Pedimon, gallant defence of pass of, III. 
 
 xiv. 126. 
 Peel, the first Sir Robert, speech of, against 
 the resumption of cash payments, I. 
 iv. 62 views of, regarding his son, 
 VII. xli. 9, 10. 
 Peel, Sir Robert, his insurrection act for 
 Ireland, 1817, I. iv. 18 chairman of 
 the committee on the bank restriction 
 act, 57 his speech on the subject, 60 
 arguments of, for the resumption 
 of cash payments, 64 et seq. views 
 of, as to the effect on prices of the 
 resumption of cash payments, 79 on 
 the standard of value, II. x. 9 efforts 
 of, for improvement of criminal law. 
 94 speech of, 1821, on Catholic 
 emancipation, 96 succeeds Lord Sid- 
 mouth as home secretary, 114 on 
 the expected fall of prices, 128 Ar- 
 nold on, 143 opposes active interven- 
 tion in Spain, xii. 64 eulogium on, 
 by Brougham, IV. xx. 22 moves re- 
 newal of the alien act, 29 and rever- 
 sal of Scottish attainders, ib. argu- 
 ments of, against the Catholic As- 
 sociation, 34 opposes the Catholic 
 emancipation bill of 1825, 43 on the 
 Duke of York, xxi. 59 resignation of, 
 on Canning's appointment, 64 recep- 
 tion of, in parliament after Peel's ac- 
 cession to power, 68 his speech 
 against the Catholic claims, 1827,71, 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the A rabic to 
 
 72 et seq. his sincerity in it, 76 on 
 the probable export of corn from 
 America, 80 reforms of criminal law 
 introduced by, 82 becomes home 
 secretary, 95 chairman of the finance 
 committee, 100 arguments of, against 
 repeal of the test and corporation laws, 
 107 yielding of, on the Catholic ques- 
 tion, 127 attack of Sir Charles 
 Wetherall on, 129 defeated at Oxford, 
 ib. speech of, for the Catholic eman- 
 cipation bill, 130 et seq. attack by 
 O'Connell on, 153 arguments of, 
 against proposed revision of system of 
 taxation, xxii. 30 character of George 
 IV. by, 47 intimates the resignation 
 of ministers, 79 on Earl Grey's first 
 intentions regarding reform, xxiii. 30 
 note arguments of, against the re- 
 form bill, 47 reunion of the Tory 
 party under, 54 supports Mr Wynn's 
 motion on the details of the bill, 74 
 on the new reform bill, 93 his speech 
 against it, 95 refuses the premier- 
 ship, 108 and declines office, 110 
 his opinion of Louis Philippe, xxiv. 51 
 supports government on the address, 
 
 1833, V. xxxi. 27 arguments of, for 
 Irish coercion bill, 31 on the system 
 of intimidation in Ireland, 33 note 
 arguments of, against the Irish church 
 bill, 46 et seq. arguments of, against 
 the bank charter renewal act, 65 
 declaration of, on the Irish church, 
 134 applied to to form a ministry, 
 
 1834, 160 the monetary system of, 
 its characteristics, VI. xxxv. 5 for- 
 mation of his ministry, 16 his ad- 
 dress to the electors of Tamworth, 17 
 division against, on the Speakership, 
 22 and on the address, 23 refuses 
 to resign after being defeated on ad- 
 dress, 25 opposes the repeal of the 
 malt tax, 26 on the diminished con- 
 sumption of beer, 27 on the appoint- 
 ment of Lord Londonderry ambassador 
 to Russia, 28 measures for relief of 
 Dissenters, &c, 29 attack on his 
 ministry, on the Irish church question, 
 31 arguments of, against the Irish 
 church motion, 38 et seq. resigns, 43 
 
 importance of the administration of, 
 45 it averted the danger of revolu- 
 tion, 46 its effect in restoring the 
 House of Lord to its functions, 47 
 its pernicious effects on Ireland, 48 
 his rise in public estimation from it, 
 50 arguments of, against corporate 
 reform bill, xxxvi. 12 et seq. motion 
 by, on Irish church bill, 19 details 
 by, on the state of the Irish church, ib' 
 note Lord Amherst appointed gover- 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 228 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Teel, Sir Robert, continued. 
 nor of Caiiada by, 27 arguments of, 
 against Irish corporation bill, 34 
 again opposes appropriation clause in 
 Irish church bill, 40 opposes Lord 
 Chaudos' motion for agricultural relief, 
 49 supports the increase of the navy, 
 1836, 51 banquet to, at Glasgow, 
 1836, 56 his speech, ib. anxiety of, 
 for compromise between the two 
 Houses, 66 motion by, on the Irish 
 tithe bill, 183S, 67 motion by, on the 
 Irish municipal bill, 68 votes for it, 
 1839, 69 views of, on the case of the 
 Vixen, 72 on Canada, xxxvii. 77 
 conduct, &c. of, in opposition, 126 
 arguments of, against the Jamaica bill, 
 130 negotiations with, for forming a 
 government, 134 broken off on the 
 household question, 135 his true 
 reasons for declining office, 136 again 
 opposes the Jamaica bill, 137 on the 
 state of the finances, 1841, xxxviii. 31 
 opposes the reduction of the Irish 
 franchise, 41 arguments of, against 
 the budget of 1841, 44 et seq. want 
 of confidence motion by, 54 majority 
 for, by elections of 1841, 57 speech 
 of, on amendment to address, 1841, 
 
 58 sent for to form a ministry, ib 
 
 effect of his free-trade measures on 
 India, xxxix. 9 note appoints Lord 
 Heytesbury governor-general of India, 
 xl. 16 character of, VII. xli. 1 
 causes of the diversity of opinion re- 
 garding him, 2 injustice of the ex- 
 treme views on both sides, 3 did not 
 want political courage, 4 but was not 
 a leader of thought, 5 his style of 
 oratory, 6 his administrative powers, 
 7 merit of his opposition to reform, 
 8 ambition not the cause of his 
 versatility of principle, 9 real ex- 
 planation of his conduct, 10 his views 
 on the currency, 11 explanation thus 
 afforded of his career, 12 his private 
 character, 13 formation of his minis- 
 try, 14 list of them, ib. their 
 foreign difficulties, 15 use made of 
 the general distress in 1842 against 
 them, 24 financial difficulties of, 42 
 his speech introducing his tariff and 
 financial measures, 43 ct seq. argu- 
 ments of the opposition against it, 49 
 ct seq. it is passed, 55 heroic con- 
 duct of, on the Afghanistan disaster, 
 61 measures of, against the repeal 
 agitation, arrest, trial, &c. of 0"Con- 
 nell, and effect of these proceed- 
 ings, 70 et seq. measures of, for sup- 
 pressing the Rebecca riots, 83 and 
 act for removing their cause, 84 
 
 TIlc Lar 
 
 murder of Mr Drummond, bis secre- 
 tary, 85 charge by, against Cobden, 
 ib. settlement of the Maine boundary 
 question under, 90 his conduct in it, 
 92 on the seizure, &c. of Mr Pritch- 
 ard at Tahiti, 100 on the proposed 
 reduction of the army and navy, 1844, 
 105 his bank charter act, 107 argu- 
 ments for it, 108 et seq. his resolu- 
 tions on the subject, 111 note it is 
 passed, 114 Scotch and Irish bills, 
 115 on the bank act as the cause of 
 the prosperity which followed, xlii. 1 
 on the improved state of the working 
 classes during the railway mania, 8 
 note bill reducing railway deposits 
 to a half, 11 opening of Trent Valley 
 line by him, ib. financial statement 
 of, 1845, 14 views of, regarding 
 Catholic clergy of Ireland, 22 en- 
 larged grant to Maynooth College, 
 23 the repeal of the corn laws by 
 him only the continuation of former 
 policy, 36 first measures of, on the 
 potato failure, 40 resignation of 
 ministry, 44 - their restoration, 45 
 arguments of, in support of corn- 
 law repeal, 48 d seq. reception of 
 his proposed measures in the coun- 
 try, 56 Disraeli's attack on him, 
 57 the budget for 1846, 68 de- 
 termination of protectionists to drive 
 him from power, 69 life preser- 
 vation bill for Ireland, ib. argu- 
 ments for it, 73 coalition of parties 
 against, 71 majority against, on the 
 Irish bill, 81 courses open to him, 
 and resolves on resignation, 83 his 
 concluding address, 84, 85 reflections 
 on his free-trade measures, 86 el seq. 
 his measures not free trade, but 
 withdrawal of protection from agricul- 
 ture, 90 review of his conduct with 
 regard to repeal of the corn laws, 93 
 the alleviating circumstances in his 
 case, 94 the Tory party destroyed 
 by, xliii. 2 course taken by, on the 
 slave-sugar question, 1 6 measures of, 
 for the relief of Ireland, 30 argu- 
 ments of, against Lord George Ben- 
 tinck's Irish railway scheme, 60 et seq. 
 motives of his opposition, 63 argu- 
 ments of, on the monetary crisis of 
 1847, 79 supports motion for com- 
 mittee on navigation laws, 85 argu- 
 ments of, against Mr Fielden's factory 
 bill, 89 supports the Irish coercion 
 bill of 1847, 97 endeavours to main- 
 tain the bank charter act, 1847, 102 
 review of his arguments on the bank 
 act, 113 the monetary crisis of IMS 
 due to his monetary system, 143 
 
 f/c Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 229 
 
 object of, in the bank charter act, 151 
 free trade was forced on him, 161 
 efforts of, to secure ratification of the 
 slave-trade treaty, xliv. 51 language 
 of, on the Tahiti affair, xlvi. 2 his 
 pacific policy, 3 views of, on the 
 Spanish marriages, 40 and note an- 
 nounces the recall of Lord Ellen- 
 borough, VIII. xlix. 44 appointment 
 of Sir H. Hardinge governor-general, 
 46 adherence of Lord Dalhousie to, 
 93 the Irish encumbered estates bill, 
 VIII. lvi. 53 death of, 61. 
 
 Peel, lady, refusal of a peerage by, VII. 
 xli. 13 threatening letter to, 1842, 
 20 VIII. lvi. 61. 
 
 Peel, Mr, large grant to, at Swan Pviver, 
 VI. xxxviii. 11. 
 
 Peel, colonel, surveyor-general of ord- 
 nance, 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Peerage, the, made hereditary in France, 
 I. hi. 21 stateof, in France, Ill.xvi. 79. 
 
 Peers, House of, see Lords. 
 
 Peers, Chamber of, in France, ordinance 
 regarding it in 1815, I. iii. 20 com- 
 position of, in 1815, 59 discussion on 
 law of arrest in, 70 on that against 
 seditious cries, 72 trial of Ney before 
 the, 84 condemnation of Ney before, 
 86, 87 the royalist law of elections 
 thrown out by, 114 discussion on the 
 new law of elections, vi. 17 vote in, 
 on the law for recruiting the army, 54 
 rejection of the new law regarding 
 the press by, 55 movement against 
 the electoral law in, 83 discussion 
 on it, 88 et seq. great creation of, 
 96 vote in, on the law of arrest, 
 II. ix. 54 and on the re-establish- 
 ment of the censorship, 59 vote 
 of, on the new electoral law, 78 
 vote of, on the censorship, 1821, 103 
 throw out the law for reducing the 
 interest on the debt, xii. 114 strength 
 of the Jesuit party in, III. xvi. 10 
 majority in, for the law against sacri- 
 lege, 33 majority in, for reduction 
 of the debt, 35 defeat of the new 
 law of succession in, 50 division in, 
 on the new law regarding the cen- 
 sorship, 60 new creation of, 69 
 vote of, on the exclusion of govern- 
 ment employe's from the suffrage, 79 
 debate on the address in, 18-9, 85 
 character of, xvii. 120 great creations 
 of, by Louis XVIII. 135 meeting of, 
 after the fall of Charles X., IV. xxiv. 
 19 their proceedings, 20 speech of 
 Chateaubriand in, in defence of the 
 rights of Charles X., 34 vote of the, in 
 favour of the Duke of Orleans, 40 crea- 
 tions of, by Charles X.made null by con- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 stitution of 1830, 43 resignations of, 
 under Louis Philippe, 44 trial of the 
 ex-ministers of Charles X. ordered be- 
 fore, xxv. 3 commencement of it, 
 6 creation of, to force the abolition 
 of the hereditary peerage, 103 re- 
 peated creations of, 1 05 great creation 
 of, by Louis Philippe, V. xxix. 83, 
 xxx. 9 created a court for trial of in- 
 surgents, 1834, xxx. 51 commence- 
 ment of the treason trials before, 1834, 
 xxxiii. 16 difficulties of them, 17 
 contest with the Bar, 18 commence- 
 ment of proceedings, 20 charges 
 against, by Audrey de Puyraveau, 23 
 
 continuation of the trials, and 
 violent scenes, 24 the trials disjoined, 
 25 conclusion of them, 26 trial of 
 Alibaud before, 65 fresh creation of, 
 1837, VI. xxxiv. 2 vote in, 1 837, on 
 reduction of interest, 6 fresh creation 
 of, 1839, 62 debate on infant labour 
 in, 77 trial of Louis Napoleon before, 
 83 trial of Darmes before, 85 vote 
 of, on the fortifications of Paris, 112 
 
 character, want of consideration, 
 &c, VII. xliv. 10 adopt the doc- 
 trine of moral complicity, 67 vote 
 in, on the regency question, 91 
 discredit into which fallen, 104 bill 
 regarding Jesuit schools carried in, 
 xlvi. 5 trial of Teste, Cubieres, &c. 
 before, xlvii. 11, 12. 
 
 Peers, Chamber of, in Prussia, its func- 
 tions, &c, V. xxvii. 77. 
 
 Peerage, demands of Lafayette regarding 
 the, IV. xxv. 15 the hereditary, 
 question of the abolition of the, 90 
 arguments for the abolition, 91 et 
 seq. and against it, 96 et seq. it 
 passed by the Deputies, 102 and 
 forced through the Upper House by 
 creation of peers, 103 reflections on 
 this, 104 its previous degradation, 105. 
 
 Pegu, the revolt of the Burmese 1'rom, 
 VI. xxxix. 54 capture of, by the 
 British, VIII. xlix. 117 province of, 
 annexed, ib. 118. 
 
 Peishwah, the, defeat of, before Poonah, 
 VI. xxxix. 47 second defeat of, 48 
 further successes against him, and his 
 surrender, 49. 
 
 Pekin, population of, VIII. xlviii. 6. 
 
 Pelet, general, the writings of, III. xviii. 
 47. 
 
 Pelet de Lozere, M., minister of public 
 instruction under Thiers, V. xxxiii. 52 
 note finance minister, VI. xxxiv. 73 
 note. 
 
 Peling mountains, the, VIII. xlviii. 7. 
 
 Pelissier, marshal, character of, VII. xlv. 
 20. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 230 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Pellapra, M., the trial, &c. of, VII. xlvii. 
 11, 12. 
 
 Pellew, see Exmouth. 
 
 Peloponnesus, commencement of the in- 
 surrection in the, III. xiv. 21. See 
 Morea. 
 
 Pelta, defeat of Bozzaris at, III. xiv. 68. 
 
 Penal code, the amelioration of the, by 
 Peel, VII. xli. 7. 
 
 Penenden Heath, great Protestant meet- 
 ing at, IV. xxi. 120. 
 
 Peninsula, effects of the alliance of 
 France and England on, I. i. 8. 
 
 Peninsular army, grant voted to the, I. 
 ii. 63. 
 
 Peninsular war, the, Canning's support 
 of, II. xi. 3 note Napier's History of, 
 
 I. v. 57 Southey's Annals of, 20. 
 Penuefather, colonel, at Meanee, VIII. 
 
 xlix. 15 wounded, 17. 
 Pennefather, Mr, attorney-general for 
 
 Ireland, 1830, IV. xxiii. 6 note and 
 
 1835, VI. xxxv. 16 note. 
 Pennicuik, at assault of Khelat, VI. xl. 
 
 79. 
 Pennsylvania, statistics of banks in, VI. 
 
 xxxvii. 7 note majority against Van 
 
 Buren in, 29 miles of railway in, VII. 
 
 xliii. 122 note. 
 Penny, brigadier, at Goojerat, VIII. xlix. 
 
 104 
 Penny postage system, introduction of 
 
 the, VI. xxxviii. 18 its results, 19 
 
 causes of its failure as a source of 
 
 revenue, 20 Peel on the results of, 
 
 VII. xli. 45. 
 Penryhn, conviction of, for bribery, and 
 
 its disfranchisement, IV. xxi. 83 
 
 partially disfranchised, xxiii. 42 note. 
 Pensions, naval and military, conversion 
 
 of, 1824, III. xix. 12. 
 Pensioners, the, calling out of, 1819, 
 
 II. x. 33 measure of Wellington for 
 enrolling, VII. xliii. 28 number of, 
 VII. xliii. 94 conduct of, at Glasgow, 
 1848, 129. 
 
 Pentonville prison, statistics of, VIII. 
 hi. 42 note. 
 
 Pope, general, heads the Neapolitan re- 
 volutionists, II. vii. 107 appointed 
 commander-in-chief, 108 operations 
 of, against the Austrians, 78 escapes, 
 79- revolt <.f, 1818, VIII. lii. 47. 
 
 Pepe, General Floridan, suppression of 
 the insurrection at Palermo by, II. vii. 
 114 the capitulation annulled, and 
 renewal of hostilities, 115 dismissed 
 from command, ib. 
 
 repin, .in accomplice of Fieschi's, execu- 
 tion of, V. xxxiii. 34. 
 
 Pepinis, George, a Greek naval leader, 
 
 III. xiv. 05. 
 
 The La 
 
 Pepper, increased consumption of, during 
 railway mania, VII. xlii. 8 note. 
 
 Pera, the suburb of, III. xiii. 40 great 
 fire at, xiv. 85 naval school estab- 
 lished at, V. xxxii. 53. 
 
 Perceval, Peel's views against emancipa- 
 tion borrowed from, VII. xli. 5. 
 
 Perczel, general, defeated by Jellachich, 
 VIII. lv. 6 successes of, 45 forces 
 under, 51 retreats before the Rus- 
 sians, 54 battle of Tzombor, 61. 
 
 Perdita, mistress of George IV., IV. xxii. 
 49. 
 
 Pered, battle of, VIII. lv. 53. 
 
 Ferier, Camille, III. xvii. 67 note. 
 
 Perier, Casimir, returned to the Deputies 
 in 1817, I. vi. 42 protests against the 
 expulsion of Manuel, II. xii. 61 re- 
 turned for Paris, 1824, 108 subscrip- 
 tion for General Foy's family, III. xvi. 
 38 returned for Paris in 1 827, 7183 
 votes for, for the presidentship, 1829, 
 86 joins the royalists against Mar- 
 tignac, 87 votes for, for the presi- 
 dency, xvii. 21 meeting of liberal 
 chiefs at his house, 67 appointed 
 minister of the interior, 85 a member 
 of Louis Philippe's first cabinet, IV. 
 xxiv. 44 resigns presidency of 
 Chamber, 61 party and views of, in 
 the ministry, xxv. 2 resignation of, 
 7 becomes premier, 47 feeling of 
 parties on his appointment, 48 de- 
 nunciations of, by the liberal press, 51 
 his speech on the principles of his 
 government, 52, 53 outvoted in 
 Chamber, and tenders his resignation, 
 59 defence of the foreign policy of 
 ministers by, 82 et seq. during the 
 debate on Poland, 85 attack by the 
 mob on him, 86 supports the aboli- 
 tion of the hereditary peerage, 91, 102 
 views of, regarding Poland, xxvi. 
 29 measures of, against the revolt at 
 Lyons, V. xxix. 14 resolves on the 
 expedition to Ancona, 25 his prepa- 
 rations for it, and its success, 29 
 heroism of, during the cholera, 36 
 his death, 37 his character, 38. 
 
 rerignon, the marquis de, IV. xxiv. 
 44. 
 
 Perin, general, VIII. lv. 53. 
 
 Periodical literature, state of, in France 
 since the Revolution, III. xviii. 73 
 class of writers for it compared with 
 that in England, 79 effects of the 
 destruction of property on it, 75 and 
 of the facility of revolution, 76. 
 
 Perishable incomes, injustice of the in- 
 come tax on, VII. xli. 58. 
 
 Perpignan, insurrection at, 1834, V. xxx. 
 47 reform banquet at, VII. xliv. 32. 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 231 
 
 Perregaux, general, wounded at assault 
 
 of Constantine, V. xxxiii. 122. 
 Perrin, Mr, attorney-general for Ireland, 
 
 1835, VI. xxxv. 44 note. 
 Perrot, general, during the insurrection 
 of June, VIII. 1. 90 appointed to 
 command of National Guard, lvii. 34. 
 Persecution, religious, invariable results 
 
 of, IV. sxi. 161. 
 Persi, M., minister of justice, V. xxxiii. 
 
 5. 
 Persia, peace between, and Russia, II. 
 viii. 58 conquests of Peter the Great 
 from, III. xiii. 69 treaty of Gulistan, 
 70 war with Russia in 1826, 71 
 peace, and losses by it, 73 war de- 
 clared against Turkey by, 1821, xiv. 
 48 advantages gained by Russia over, 
 xv. 3 hostile preparations of, ib. 
 repeated defeats of her troops, 4 
 operations in, 1827, 21 peace con- 
 cluded with Russia, 26 fresh rupture, 
 and peace of Tourkmantchai, 28 as- 
 sassination of the Russian minister, 
 85 threatened hostilities with, 1829, 
 (59 as the barrier of India on 
 the north, VI. xl. 19 treaty with, 
 in 1801, 25 rupture with her, 26 
 and renewed alliance, 27 war of, with 
 Russia, and her defeat, 28 acquisitions 
 of Russia from, 29 subservience of, 
 to Russia, 33 hatred of the Affghans 
 to, 34 subservience of, to Russia with 
 regard to Herat, 38 claim of, over 
 Afghanistan, ib. treaty of, regarding 
 Herat, 43 siege of that place, 44 et 
 
 seq raising of it on the interference 
 
 of England, 50 her influence again 
 predominant at, 51 intrigues of 
 Vizier of Herat with, 84. 
 
 rersians, successes of, over the Turks in 
 1823, III. xiv. 81. 
 
 Persigny, M. de, a partisan of Louis Na- 
 poleon's, V. xxxiii. 81. 
 
 Persil, M., III. xvii. 67 note becomes 
 keeper of the seals, V. xxx. 40 be- 
 comes minister of justice, xxxiii. 71 
 note removed from the ministry of 
 justice, 86. 
 
 Personal freedom, proposed new law re- 
 garding, in France, I. vi. 19, 20 de- 
 bates on it, 21 et seq. it is carried, 
 24 expiry of the laws against, in 
 France, 56. 
 
 Personal property, abolition of tax on, 
 in Belgium, VIII. liii. 18. 
 
 Perspective Newski, the, at St Peters- 
 burg, II. viii. 94, 95. 
 
 Perth, reversal of attainder of family of, 
 IV. xx. 29 member given by reform 
 bill to, xxiii. 116 ratio of mortality 
 in, VII. xliii. 93 note. 
 
 Peru, British consul appointed to, II. 
 xii. 104 and exports to, 105 note 
 
 .origin of the potato in, VII. xlii. 
 37. 
 Peschiera, Austrian preparations at, 
 VIII. lii. 31, 32 siege of, by the Sar- 
 dinians, 39, 49 movements of Rad- 
 etsky to relieve it, 50 its fall, 53 
 invested by the Austrians, 72 surren- 
 dered by armistice, 76. 
 Peshawur, acquisition of, by Runjeet 
 Singh, VI. xl. 40 cession of, to Run- 
 jeet Singh agreed to by Shah Soojah, 
 54 collection of forces under Pollock 
 at, VIII. xlviii. 48 their depressed 
 state, 54 capture of, by the Sikhs, 
 xlix. 95 road from Calcutta to, 113 
 note. 
 Pestel, colonel, a leader in the Russian 
 conspiracy, II. viii. 118 the leader of 
 the revolt in the army of the south, 
 his character, &c, 133 his demeanour 
 on execution, 138 his execution, 139 
 generosity of Nicholas to the father 
 of, 143. 
 
 Pesth, Hungarian movement organised 
 at, VIII. liv. 15 meeting of the 
 Hungarian deputies at, 28 murder of 
 Count Lamberg at, 48 city of, lv. 4 
 advance of the Austrians to, 7 inac- 
 tivity of Windischgratz in, 14 occu- 
 pied by the Hungarians, 41, 42. 
 
 Peter the Great, establishment of the 
 Tchinn by, II. viii. 23 Russia under, 
 38 gains of Russia under, 54 note 
 the erection of St Petersburg by, 93, 
 94 the statue of, 95 parallel between 
 Nicholas and, 149 his system of 
 foreign intervention, III. xiii. 68 
 his progress toward the Caspian, 69 
 progress of Russia since, VI. xl. 
 30. 
 
 Peterloo, the meeting at, II. x. 25 
 great excitement at, and its objects, 26 
 its dispersion by the military, 27 
 reflections on it, 30 and on the con- 
 duct of the magistrates on the oc- 
 casion, 31. 
 
 Petersfield, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Peterwaradein, fortress of, VIII. liv. 45, 
 lv. 4 blockaded, 8 surrender of, 
 to the Austrians, 83. 
 
 Petit, M., affair of, VII. xlvii. 27. 
 
 Petit Pont, attack on the, by the mob, 
 
 IV. xxv. 46. 
 
 Petit Pont de l'Hotel Dieu, success of 
 
 the insurgents at, V. xxix. 69. 
 Petition, right of, accorded to Prussia, 
 
 V. xxvii. 77. 
 
 Petito's collection of military memoirs, 
 III. xviii. 41. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 232 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Peupin, M., attack on Louis Blanc by, 
 VIII. 1. 68. 
 
 Peyron, count, VII. xlvi. 70. 
 
 Peyronnet, M., returned as member to 
 the Deputies, II. ix. 96 becomes se- 
 cretary of state and minister of justice, 
 107 character of, xi. 12 new law re- 
 garding the press brought forward by, 
 14 supports Montmorency on the 
 Spanish question, xii. 25 arguments 
 of, for the new law of succession, III. 
 xvi. 47 73 becomes minister of the 
 interior, xvii. 50 arrest of, IV. xxiv. 
 60 demeanour of, before trial, xxv. 
 4 and at it, 6 Martignac counsel 
 for, 10 sentence of, 12 liberation of, 
 V. xxxiii. 73. 
 
 Pfuel, general, VIII. liii. 49 becomes 
 minister, 52 resigns, 55. 
 
 Phansi-gars or Thugs, destruction of the, 
 in India, VI. xl. 10. 
 
 Philadelphia, the crash of 1837 in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 28. 
 
 Philhellenes, the, III. xiv. 12 forma- 
 tion of the corps of, 100. 
 
 Philipville, surrendered by France to 
 the allies, I. iii. 48 terms of treaty of 
 Aix-la-Cliapelle regarding, vi. 69. 
 
 Phillips, Mr, arguments of, for repeal of 
 the corn laws, IV. xxi. 34. 
 
 Phillips, Mr, mayor of Newport, mea- 
 sures of, during the Chartist rising, VI. 
 xxxvii. 69 knighted, ib. 
 
 Phillips, captain, dispersion of the Der- 
 byshire insurgents by, I. iv. 14. 
 
 Phillips, mnjor-general, I. iii. 98 note. 
 
 Phillips, Mr, anecdote of, at Caudahar, 
 VIII. xlviii. 76 note. 
 
 Phillips, major, at Maharajpore, VIII. 
 xlix. 39. 
 
 Pbilorthodox, party called, in Greece, 
 VII. xlvi. 55. 
 
 Philosophers, error of, regarding insti- 
 tutions and national character, I. i. 61. 
 
 Philosophical writers, the leading, of 
 England since the peace, I. v. 29 et scq. 
 
 Philosophy, schools of, in Germany, V. 
 xxviii. 62. 
 
 Phoenix, the, at Acre, V. xxxii. 72. 
 
 Physical deformity, prevalence of, in the 
 manufacturing districts of France, V. 
 xxix. 5. 
 
 Piave. passage of, by the Austrians, VIII. 
 Iii. 45. 
 
 Pickersgill, the paintings of, I. v. 92. 
 
 Picpus, cemetery of, interment of Lafay- 
 ette in, V. xxx. 54. 
 
 Picton, Sir Thomas, monument to, I. ii. 
 62. 
 
 Piedmont, see Sardinia. 
 
 Piet, M., on the endowment of the 
 clergy, I. iii. 119. 
 
 Pietra, capitulation of Turks at, III. xv. 
 141. 
 
 Pike Caucasian and Albania;, the, III. xiii. 
 61. 
 
 Pillendorf, Austrian minister, VIII. liv. 
 23, 24. 
 
 Pimento, produce of, West Indies, 1828- 
 41, V. xxxi. 104 note imports of, 
 from West Indies, 1847-9, VII. xliii. 
 17 note. 
 
 Pindarrees, origin of the war with, and 
 their outrages, VI. xxxix. 45 the war 
 with, 46 et seq. their final defeat, and 
 conclusion of the war, 51. 
 
 Pindarree war, reflections on the, VI. 
 xxxix. 73. 
 
 Pindus, mount, defeat of Chourchid 
 Pacha in, III. xiv. 44 and of Hassan, 
 ib. 
 
 Pinkar, M., VIII. Iv. 2. 
 
 Piombini, movement of, at Rome, VII. 
 xlvi. 72. 
 
 Pique, the, at Acre, V. xxxii. 72. 
 
 Piracy, prevalence of, among the Alger- 
 ine states, I. ii. 68. 
 
 Piscatory, M., French ambassador to 
 Greece, VII. xlvi. 56, 57 opposes the 
 king's abdication, xlvii. 66. 
 
 Pitmilly, lord, defence of old Scotch 
 poor-law by, VII. xlii. 28 note. 
 
 Pitt, Mr, his system of borrowing in the 
 three per cents, II. x. 146 Canning 
 enters public life under, xi. 3 note 
 intimacy of Huskisson with, III. xix. 
 19 note his alleged accession to Ca- 
 tholic emancipation, IV. xxi. 72 on 
 the establishment of the sinking fund, 
 xxii. 36 the overthrow of the coali- 
 tion ministry by, compared with that 
 of the Wellington ministry, xxiii. 1 
 on the dangers of reform, 52 com- 
 parison between his course and Earl 
 Grey's, 142 measures of, to arrest 
 Russia in 1789, V. xxxii. SO error of, 
 in borrowing in the three per cents, 
 VII. xli. 103. 
 
 Pius VIII., death of, IV. xxiv. 87. 
 
 Pius IX., election and character of, VII. 
 xlvi. 62, 64 state of opinion in Italy, 
 63 general amnesty, 65 his first acts, 
 66 difficulties which beset him, 67 
 declaration against liberalism, 71 re- 
 volutionary movement in Rome, 72 
 admission of laymen to the council, 
 82 riot in Rome, 83 constitution 
 proclaimed by, 86 insult by the mob 
 to, VIII. Iii. 2 concessions of, on the 
 French revolution, 3 constitution 
 granted by, 23 compelled to declare 
 war against Austria, 24 the troops 
 of, 26 new ministry under Rossi, 79 
 revolution, and his flight, 81 ex- 
 
 The Larye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 233 
 
 communicates his subjects, 82 re- 
 capture of Rome, and amnesty, 116 
 return of, to Rome, 22. 
 
 Pizarro, drama of, V. xxviii. 27. 
 
 Pizzo, lauding of Murat at, I. iii. 100. 
 
 Place de Greve, struggle at the, III. 
 xvii. 71. 
 
 Place Louis XV., the, at Paris, III. xviii. 
 82. 
 
 Placemen, alleged corruption of parlia- 
 ment by, IV. xxiii. 51. 
 
 Placentia, treaty regarding duchy of, II. 
 vii. 48 terms of armistice regarding, 
 VIII. Iii. 76, 98. 
 
 Plague, ravages of the, in Canea, III. 
 xiv. 97 among the Russians, xv. 71, 
 
 Plains, desolate aspect of the, in Turkey, 
 III. xiii. 26. 
 
 Plangolm, M., procureur-general of Tou- 
 louse, VII. xliv. 62. 
 
 Planier lighthouse, landing of the 
 Duchess de Berri at, V. xxix. 42. 
 
 Planters, rejection of progi'essive emanci- 
 pation by the, V. xxxi. 85 they re- 
 fuse to act on the resolutions of parlia- 
 ment, 6. 
 
 Plater, mademoiselle, IV. xxvi. 80. 
 
 Playfair, Dr Lyon, report by, on the 
 potato failure in Ireland, VII. xlii. 
 88. 
 
 Playfair, the works of, I. v. 40. 
 
 Playfair, the architect, I. v. 88. 
 
 Pleasures of Hope, remarks on the, I. v. 
 16. 
 
 Pleasures of Memory, the, remarks on, 
 
 I. v. 18. 
 
 Pledges, commencement of system of 
 
 requiring, in England, V. xxxi. 25. 
 Pleignier, arrest and execution of, I. iii. 
 
 126. 
 Pleignier, lieutenant, resistance of, to 
 
 Louis Napoleon at Strasbourg, V. 
 
 xxxiii. 79. 
 Plunkett, Mr, afterwards lord, motion 
 
 by, on Catholic emancipation, 1821, 
 
 II. x. 95 becomes attorney -general 
 for Ireland, 115 lord chancellor of 
 Ireland, 1830, IV. xxiii. 6 note and 
 again, 1835, VI. xxxv. 44 note Peel's 
 arguments for emancipation borrowed 
 from, VII. xli. 5. 
 
 Plymouth, Canning's speech in 1823 at, 
 
 II. xii. 107 bank, failure of, 1825, 
 
 III. xix. 80 expedition of Portuguese 
 refugees from, IV. xxii. 14 garrison 
 of, 1846, VII. xliii. 27 that needed 
 by it, ib. note. 
 
 Plympton, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 
 note. 
 Po, the, passage of, by the Austrian?, 
 
 VIII. Iii. 77 military position of, 
 
 88. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Podgorze, capture of, by the Austrians, 
 VII. xlvi. 24. 
 
 Podolia, acquisition of, by Russia, IV. 
 xxvi. 6 originally a province of Po- 
 land, 7 demands of the Poles regard- 
 ing, 27 statistics of, 44 insurrection 
 in, and its suppression, 70. 
 
 Podlachia, successes of the Poles in, IV. 
 xxvi. 88. 
 
 Poetry, decline of, in France, III. xviii. 
 63. 
 
 Poictiers, insurrection at, 1834, V. xxx. 
 47. 
 
 Point Pile Island, defeat of American 
 sympathisers at, VI. xxxvii. 92. 
 
 Poix, the prince de, I. iii. 82. 
 
 Poland, acquisition of, by Russia in 1815, 
 1 1, viii. 3 establishment of the king- 
 dom of, 5 first measures of Constan- 
 tine in, 8 advantages to it from the 
 union with Russia, 9 increase of its 
 military strength, 10 failure of the 
 representative system, 11 the Rus- 
 sian army of, 48 arrival of Alexander 
 in, 1818, 62 his speech to the Diet, 
 63 preparations for establishing 
 military colonies in, 67 suppression 
 of secret societies in, 90 revolt in 
 the army of, 135 its suppression, 
 136 the Russian intervention in, III. 
 xiii. 67 conspiracy in, 1826, xv. 20 
 Salvandy's history of, xviii. 34 dis- 
 trust of Russia toward, 1830, IV. xxv. 
 1 excitement caused in Hungary by 
 the war in, 30 measures of Prussia 
 against, , 31 scene in the French De- 
 puties during debate on, 85 disas- 
 trous effects of the partition of, xxvi. 
 4 sin of Europe in it, 5 increase 
 of power of Russia from it, 6 faults 
 of the inhabitants which led to it, 7 
 its former power, resources, and ex- 
 tent, ib. ruined by impatience of taxa- 
 ation, 8 connection between it and 
 the cause of democracy, 9 its pro- 
 sperity under Russia from 1815 to 
 1830, 10 increase of the passion for 
 independence, 11 secret societies, 12 
 plans of the conspirators, 13 ori- 
 ginal plan, which proves abortive, 14 
 supineness of Constautine, and pro- 
 gress of the conspiracy, 15 insurrec- 
 tion at Warsaw, 16 its rapid progress, 
 and retreat of Constautine from War- 
 saw, 17 appointment of provisional 
 government, 18 its first act, and 
 negotiations with Constautine, 19 he 
 sends back the Polish troops, and re- 
 treats into Russia, 20 enthusiasm on 
 their arrival in Warsaw, 21 new pro- 
 visional government, and seizure of 
 the dictatorship by Chlopicki, 22 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 234 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Poland, continued. 
 
 military preparations, 25 conduct of 
 Constantino, 26 negotiations with 
 Nicholas, 27 preparations and con- 
 ference of Austria, Russia, and Prus- 
 sia, 28 secret views of France and 
 Austria regarding, 29 England de- 
 clines to join France on behalf of, 30 
 meeting of the Diet, resignation and 
 reappointment of Chlopicki, 31 his 
 first acts, 32 proclamation and pre- 
 parations of the Czar, 33 manifesto 
 of the Diet, 34 et seq. vain efforts of 
 Chlopicki at accommodation, 39 the 
 Czar dethroned by the Diet, 40 sta- 
 tistics of kingdom, 42 of Austrian and 
 Prussian, 4 3 and of Lithuaniaand Rus- 
 sian, 44 population of, 1831, 41 note 
 military forces of, 45 strategetical 
 advantages, 44 histoiy of, 45 et seq. 
 results of the war to, 93 conduct 
 of Nicholas in, after it, 94 reflections 
 on her fall, 95 excess of democracy 
 the cause of her ruin, 96 and it has 
 prevented her restoration, 97 her 
 restoration essential to the indepen- 
 dence of Europe, 99 the revolution 
 in, its effect in Germany, V. xxvii. 46 
 progress of the cholera over, xxix. 
 31 mission of Lord Durham, &c. to 
 Russia on behalf of, xxxii. 27 its 
 formal incorporation with Russia, ib. 
 acquisitions of Russia from, VI. xl. 
 29 state of, since the termination of 
 the war, VII. xlvi. 13 beneficial 
 changes in Prussian, 14 state of Gal- 
 licia, 15 disputes about the Corve'es, 
 16 spread of socialism, 17 influence 
 of the Jews, 18 and of the disbanded 
 soldiers, 19 the insurrection in Gal- 
 licia, 20 et seq. its horrors, 22 dis- 
 turbances at Cracow, 23 its recapture, 
 24 and annexation, 25 embarrass- 
 ment of the French and English go- 
 vernments on the question of, 28 
 effects of the disunion between 
 Franco and England on, 52 Prus- 
 sian, Sclavonic population of, VIII. 
 liii. 4. 
 
 Pole and Co., banking-house of, its fail- 
 ure, 182.5, III. xix. SO. 
 
 Poles, character of the, II. viii. 4 
 faults of, which led to their subjuga- 
 tion, I V. xxvi. 7 the refugee, at La- 
 marque's funeral, V. xxix. 58 declar- 
 ation of Lamartine to, VIII. 1. 43 
 movement of, in Posen, 1848, liii. 27 
 their revolt there, 48, 49 sympathy 
 of, with the Hungarians, lv. 39. 
 
 Poli, ceded to Russia, III. xv. 137. 
 
 l'oliee, the, increase of, in Ireland, IT. x. 
 123 proposed, for the suppression 
 
 The L 
 
 of strikes, III. xix. 58 et seq. Ireland, 
 supported by Great Britain, IV. xx. 5 
 the Dublin, grant for, 5 note en- 
 actments of municipal reform bill 
 regarding, VI. xxxvi. 7 the Irish, 
 remodelling of, 1837, 65 new organi- 
 sation of them, xxxviii. 26 relations 
 of, to increase of crime, VIII. lvi. 
 36. 
 
 Polignac, Armand de, I. iii. 56. 
 
 Polignac, Jules de, made member of 
 Chamber of Peers, I. iii. 20 in the 
 Chamber' of Peers, 59 refuses the 
 oath of fidelity, 62. 
 
 Polignac, the prince de, agreement of, 
 regarding Portugal, II. xii. 100 pro- 
 posal of, regarding the South Ameri- 
 can States, 104 a member of the 
 Camarilla, III. xvi. 5 reception of 
 the liberal envoys by, 80 sent for by 
 the king, 83 speech of, during the 
 debate on the address, 85 becomes 
 premier, and his ministry, 91 sketch 
 of the career of, xvii. 1 his character, 
 2 disunion between, and Labour- 
 donnaye, 8 memoir on the state of 
 the country by, 1 3 et seq. views of, 
 regarding the charter, 30 resolves on 
 the expedition to Algiers, 41 appoints 
 Bourmont to command it, 42 at the 
 signing of the ordonnances, 59 want 
 of preparation on the part of, 61 
 during the Three Days, 75 ordered 
 to retire from St Cloud, 87 fidelity 
 of, to Charles X. 95 last interview 
 of, with Charles X., 97 supineness 
 of, during the conflict, 104 the Re- 
 volution directed against, as the organ 
 of the Jesuits, IV. xxiv. 1 arrest of, 
 60 demeanour of, before trial, xxv. 
 4 sentence of, 12 the measures 
 of, vindicated under Louis Philippe, 
 V. xxix. 101 liberation of, xxxiii. 
 73. 
 Polignac ministry, the, characters of the 
 leading members of, III. xvii. 1 et seq. 
 attacks of the press on it, 6 retire- 
 ment of La Bourdonnaye, 8 vehe- 
 mence of the press against, 19 mea- 
 sures of, on the address, 30 proroga- 
 tion of the Chambers, 32 prosecu- 
 tions of the press, 33 report of finance 
 minister, 34 dissolve the Chambers, 
 50 majority against them, 51 re- 
 solve on a coup d'etat, 52, 53 report 
 on the ordonnances, 54 et seq. the 
 ordonnances, 58 their security on 
 the first disturbances, 65 dismissal of, 
 85 want of preparation by, 104 
 their political reasons for the project 
 of advancing France to the Rhine, 
 119 their conduct with regard to 
 
 argc Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 235 
 
 the ordonnances, 134 trial of the 
 members of, ordered, IV. xxv. 3 
 their conduct before it, 4 its com- 
 mencement, 6 progress of it, 10 
 arguments in their favour, 11 their 
 condemnation and sentence, 12 con- 
 veyed to Vincennes and thence to 
 Ham, 13. 
 
 Polish banquet, interdiction of the, at 
 Paris, VII. xliv. 52. 
 
 Polish committee, the, at Paris, and re- 
 monstrances of Russia and Prussia 
 against it, V. xxx. 22. 
 
 Polish Diet, Alexander's speech to the, 
 1818,11. viii. 63 meeting and dissolu- 
 tion of the, 1820, 69 meeting of the, 
 and reappoint Chlopicki to the dic- 
 tatorship, IV. xxvi. 31 manifesto of 
 the, 34 et seq. rejection of the terms 
 of Nicholas, 39 formally dethrone 
 him, 40 appoint Skrzynecki com- 
 mander-in-chief, 56. 
 
 Polish emigrants, propagandist spirit of 
 the, V. xxx. 21. 
 
 Polish refugees, efforts of the, in Switzer- 
 land and Italy, V. xxx. 24. 
 
 Political agents, employment of military 
 officers as, in India, VI. xl. 140. 
 
 Political associations, interdiction of, in 
 Germany, V. xxvii. 49. 
 
 Political change, true causes of the pas- 
 sion for, IV. xxi. 18 how induced by 
 fall of prices, 19. 
 
 Political consistency, dangers of, VII. 
 xli. 3. 
 
 Political economists, the, resistance of, 
 to an Irish poor-law, VI. xxxvi. 46 
 views of, on emigration, xxxviii. 
 29. 
 
 Political offences, inexpedience of punish- 
 ing with death, I. iii. 139 punishment 
 of death abolished for, in France, 
 VIII. 1. 36 provisions of French 
 constitution of 1848 regarding, li. 
 17. 
 
 Political prisoners, punishment of, in 
 Spain in 1815, II. vii. 37 number of, 
 on the accession of Pius IX., VII. 
 xlvi. 65 liberation of, in Paris, 1S4S, 
 VIII. 1. 11. 
 
 Political societies, formation of fresh, in 
 France, 1837, V. xxxiii. 91. 
 
 Political Union, the National, formation 
 and declaration of, IV. xxiii. 91. 
 
 Political unions, the, rise of, and their 
 influence, IV. xxii. 44 general forma- 
 tion of, xxiii. 31 preparations of, for 
 insurrection, 1831, 69 great meeting 
 of, at Birmingham, 84 proclamation 
 against, 92 efforts of, to coerce the 
 Peers, 104. 
 
 rollastron, madame de, III. xvi. 3, 5. 
 
 Polling, restriction of time of, under the 
 
 reform act, V. xxxi. 24. 
 Pollock, Sir F., attorney-general, 1835, 
 
 VI. xxxv. 16 note and again, 1841, 
 
 VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Pollock, general, heroism of, VI. xl. 135 
 appointed to command at Peshawur, 
 
 VIII. xlviii. 48 his career and char- 
 acter, 49 depressed state of the 
 troops on his arrival, 56 advance of, 
 from Peshawur, 60 passage of the 
 Khyber, 6 1 et seq. advance to Jellala- 
 bad, 63 orders to retire sent to, 81 
 urges advance to Cabul, 83 improved 
 condition of his troops, 85 expedition 
 into the Shinwaree Valley, 86 ad- 
 vance toward Cabul, 87 victory at 
 Jugdulluck, 88 advances to Tezeen, 
 90 victory there, 91 junction with 
 Nott at Cabul, 97, 98 destruction of 
 the bazaar, 98 expedition to Istaliff, 
 99 measures for deliverance of the 
 captives, 101 et seq. 
 
 Poltenberg, Colonel Ernest von, execu- 
 tion of, VIII. lv. 85. 
 
 Polygamy, influence of, in Constantin- 
 ople, III. xiii. 42. 
 
 Polytechnic School, the scholars of the, 
 during the Three Days, III. xvii. 71 
 threatening aspect of pupils on the 
 trial of the ex-ministers, IV. xxv. 14 
 the pupils of the, at Lamarque's fune- 
 ral, V. xxix. 61 decree dissolving, 
 67. 
 
 Pomare, queen, applies for the protec- 
 torate of Great Britain, VII. xli. 97 
 interference of the French mission- 
 aries, &c, 98 convention with the 
 French admiral, ib. compelled to 
 submit to the French, 99. 
 
 Pomerania, resistance to the revolution 
 in, VIII. liii. 27. 
 
 Pommier, trial and execution of, for the 
 Rochelle conspiracy, II. xi. 21. 
 
 Pomone, capture of, by the Arethusa, I. 
 ii. 69 note. 
 
 Ponsonby, Mr, arguments of, against 
 the continuance of the income tax, I. 
 ii. 13 on the budget for 1816, 25 
 arguments of, 1S16, for the resump- 
 tion of cash payments, 46 death of, 
 iv. 26. 
 
 Ponsonby, captain, wounded at Purwan- 
 durrah, VI. xl. 92. 
 
 Ponsonby, lord, declaration of, regarding 
 Luxembourg, IV. xxv. 67 leaves 
 Brussels on the declaration of the 
 Belgians not to be bound by the act 
 of separation, 69 and the affair of 
 the Vixen, VI. xxxvi. 71. 
 
 Pont de la Concorde, grant for, V. xxx. 
 18 note. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 23G 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Pontevedra, revolt at, II. vii. 69. 
 
 Poonah, defeat of the Peisbwah before, 
 VI. xxxix. 47 surrenders to the Brit- 
 ish, 48. 
 
 Poor, the, sums raised for, in England 
 and Ireland, IV. xx. 2 want of em- 
 ployment for, in Ireland, 11 import- 
 ance of the small notes to, xxi. 9 
 necessity of assisting the emigration of, 
 30 state of, in Paris, 1838, VI. xxxiv. 
 16 expenditure on, 1836-41, xxxvii. 
 45 expenditure on, 1847-8, VII. 
 xliii. 124 and note want of legal 
 provision for, in France, and its effects, 
 xliv. 39. 
 
 Poor and temporary relief act for Ireland 
 amended, the, 1847, VII. xliii. 40 
 expenditure under it, and relief afford- 
 ed, 41. 
 
 Poor law, advantage which would have 
 accrued to Ireland from a, IV. xx. 1 7 
 commission of inquiry into working 
 of the, and its report, 1839, VI. 
 xxxvii. 49 demand for a, in Ireland, 
 VI. xxxvi. 45 history of it, and causes 
 of its long abeyance, 46 Mr Nicholl's 
 report on it, 47 for Scotland, intro- 
 duction of, VII. xlii. 26 history of 
 the subject, ib. causes of the old law 
 being evaded, 27 evils which ensued, 
 28 provisions of the bill, 29 good 
 effected by it, 30 its efficient working 
 during the famine, xliii. 52. 
 
 Poor laws, effects of the want of, in Ire- 
 land, IV. xx. 11 influence of want of, 
 in Ireland, V. xxxi. 53 the, sketch of 
 history and operation of, 145 abuses 
 which had crept in, ib. effect of the 
 contraction of the currency, 146 
 abuses of, 148 inefficient operation 
 of, in Ireland and the Highlands, on 
 the commencement of the famine, VII. 
 xliii. 32 amount levied in former, 
 1840-6 ib. note. 
 
 Poor-law act, effect of the crisis of 1837, 
 &c. on its administration, VI. xxxvii. 
 47 dissatisfaction with it, and changes 
 induced by distress of 183.0, 48 de- 
 bates in parliament on it, 49. 
 
 Poor - law administration, Scottish, 
 1S46-56, VII. xlii. 30 note. 
 
 Poor-law amendment bill, the, V. xxxi. 
 145- brought in, 147 arguments for 
 it, 148 et geq. it is carried, 151 fur- 
 ther progress of it, 152 it becomes 
 law, 153 its effect as to amount of 
 poor-rates, 154. 
 
 Poor-law cases, various law-decisions on, 
 in Scotland, VII. xlii. 29. 
 
 Poor-law commissioners, report of the, 
 V. xxxi. 147 board of, their proposed 
 powers, &c, 149 views of the, and 
 
 The L 
 
 struggle between them and the guard- 
 ians, VI. xxxvii. 48. 
 
 Poor-law guardians, views of the, VI. 
 xxxvii. 48. 
 
 Poor-law unions, proposed formation of 
 the, V. xxxi. 150. 
 
 Poor rates, the, at the close of the war, 
 I. ii. 2 unequal pressure of, on agri- 
 culture, 40 increase of, 1811 to 1822, 
 s II. x. 144 note increase of, in Eng- 
 land, 1823-30, IV. xxii. 16 and note 
 class by which paid, xxiii. 125 
 pressure, &c. of, 1833, V. xxxi. 56 
 increased pressure of, from contraction 
 of the currency, 146 comparison of 
 them with population and prices of 
 wheat, 1801-36, ib. note amount 
 of, under the new poor-law, 154 
 compared with population and price 
 of wheat, 1834-49, ib. note Eng- 
 land, 1842-7, VII. xlii. 13 note 
 proposed new regulations regarding, 
 1846, 50 amount of, in Scotland, 
 1846 to 1850, xliii. 52 note relative 
 amount of, in England and Ireland, 
 70. 
 
 Pope, brigadier, at Chillianwallah, VIII. 
 xlix. 109. 
 
 Pope, the, insurrection against, in 1830, 
 IV. xxv. 26 applies for aid to Austria, 
 27 dispute with Prussia regarding 
 mixed marriages, V. xxvii. 58 mani- 
 festo of, on the arrest of the Arch- 
 bishop of Cologne, 59 adjustment of 
 the dispute between Prussia and, 64 
 movement headed by Rouge, &c. 
 against, 73 excitement in his do- 
 minions, 1831 and 1832, and interven- 
 tion of the Austrians, xxix. 26, 27, 28 
 his indignation on the seizure of 
 Ancona by the French, 30. 
 
 Popes, Ranke's History of the, V. xxviii. 
 49. 
 
 Popery, check given to, by Catholic 
 emancipation, IV. xxi. 160 reaction 
 against, in Great Britain, 172 and in 
 America, 173. 
 
 Popish clergy, influence of the, in Ire- 
 land, IV. xx. 8 falling off in numbers 
 of, in Ireland, xxi. 170 of Flanders, 
 xxiv. 70 views of, in Belgium and 
 Rhenish Prussia, VI. xxxiv. 23. 
 
 Popoff, general, forces under, III. xv. 
 74 defence of Bajazeth by, 103. 
 
 Popular government, adaptation of, to 
 new colonies, VI. xxxvii. 114. 
 
 Popular movements, objects to which 
 directed, IV. xxiv. 1. 
 
 Popular orator, Goethe on the, VII. xli. 
 64. 
 
 Popular societies, proceedings of govern- 
 ment of Louis Philippe against the, 
 
 ar'je Roman rtumcrals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 237 
 
 IV. xxiv. 64 speech of the minister 
 of the interior on the subject, 65. 
 Population, decrease of, in Great Britain, 
 I. i. 10 increase of, in the United 
 States, 11 causes of the diffusion of, 
 44 et seq. diminution of, in Great 
 Britain, 58 note British, 1792 and 
 1815, ii. 2 Malthus's doctrine of, V. 
 34 surplus, advantages of colonies as 
 outlets for, II. vii. 2, 4 of Russia, 
 viii. 15 ratio of its increase there and 
 in Great Britain, 16 advance of, in 
 France from the peace, ix. 2 causes 
 of the excess of, in Ireland, x. 116 
 state of, in the Turkish empire, III. 
 xiii. 1 3 its general decrease there, 1 6 
 Russia, 1826, xv. 5 France, 1830, xvii. 
 35 -Algiers, 48 crowding of, into 
 towns in France, 130 redundance of, 
 in Ireland, and its effects, IV. xx. 4 
 diminution of, in Ireland, 18 note 
 effects of free trade, &c. on, in Ireland, 
 xxi. 170 table of, 1805-51, ib. note- 
 Great Britain, increase in, 1814 to 
 1825, xxii. 27 note not the original 
 basis of representation, xxiii. 48 
 ratio of, dependent on .agriculture and 
 on commerce, &c, 160 how limited 
 in old communities, 169 Russia, 
 1831, xxvi. 41 Poland, 1831, 42 
 Gallicia and Posen, 43 Russian 
 Poland, 44 progress of, in Prussia 
 since the peace, V. xxvii. 7 decline 
 of, in Jamaica, &c, xxxi. 95 com- 
 parison of poor rates with, 1801-36, 
 146 note and 1834-49, 154 note 
 cause of rapid increase of, in Ireland, 
 VI. xxxvi. 63 rapid increase of, in 
 the United States, xxxvii. 6 ratio of 
 crime and mortality to, in Glasgow, 
 1822-38, 57 note comparative increase 
 of, in the United States and in Canada, 
 112 comparison of navy with, 1792 
 and 1838, xxxviii. 35 note Great 
 Britain, 1815 and 1845, VII. xli. 117 
 note effects of destitution in pro- 
 moting increase of, xlii. 28 diminu- 
 tion of, in Ireland, xliii. 47 table of 
 this, 1847-51, ib. note it mainly 
 arose from free trade, 48 ratio of 
 mortality to density of, 93 note de- 
 cline of, in Great Britain, 125 and 
 note how affected by influx into 
 towns, 158 increase of, in France, 
 1841-6, xliv. 2 and note Algeria, xlv. 
 6 European, of Algeria, 1850-5, 
 48 and note China, VIII. xlviii. 3 
 India, 1857, xlix. 123 Great Britain, 
 1851, lvi. 34 arrest of, by the Euro- 
 pean convulsions, lvii. 59 influence 
 of monetary measures in arresting it, 
 62. 
 
 Porcelain, reduction of duties on, 1825, 
 
 III. xix. 76. 
 Pork, fall in price of, 1782-1837, VI. 
 
 xxxvii. 46 note. 
 Porlier, general, revolt of, in Spain, II. 
 vii. 38 its failure and his death, 39 
 execution of officers concerned with, 
 60. 
 Poros, fort of, Missolonghi, III. xiv. 
 
 129. 
 Poroszlo, combat at, VIII. lv. 65. 
 Port-Glasgow, intended rising in, 1848, 
 
 VII. xliii. 129. 
 Ports, opening of the, proposed by Sir 
 R. Peel on the potato failure, VII. 
 xlii. 44. 
 Portal, baron, minister of the marine in 
 1818, I. vi. 79 views of, on the elec- 
 toral law, II. ix. 22 the royalists on, 
 105 appointed member of the Privy 
 Council, 107. 
 Portalis, M., called to the Council of 
 State, I. vi. 82 a member of the 
 Richelieu ministry in 1820, II. ix. 44 
 becomes keeper of the seals, III. xvi. 
 73 88 becomes minister of foreign 
 affairs, 89 dismissed from office, 91 
 moves the trial of Louis Blanc, VIII. 
 1.75. 
 Porte St Denis, struggle at the, III. xvii. 
 
 72. 
 Porter, Mr, on the depreciation of Brit- 
 ish shipping, III. xix. 29 tables of 
 Bi'itish and foreign shipping from, 
 30. 
 Portland, duke of, lord privy seal, IV. 
 xxi. 64 note becomes president of 
 the council, 91. 
 Portland prison, statistics of, VIII. lvi. 
 
 42 note. 
 Porto Bello, seizure of, by British adven- 
 turers, I. iv. 95. 
 Porto Rico, increased production, &c. of 
 
 sugar, VII. xliii. 17 note. 
 Portsmouth, garrison of , 1846, VII. xliii. 
 27 that needed by it, ib. note pri- 
 son, statistics of, VIII. lvi. 42 note. 
 Portugal, effect of representative insti- 
 tutions in I. i. 57 situation of, after 
 the peace, II. vii. 25 influence of the 
 removal of the seat of government to 
 the Brazils, ib. predominance of Eng- 
 lish habits, &c. in, 26 double mar- 
 riages between its royal family and 
 that of Spain, 43 creation of the 
 kingdom of Brazil, 44 identity of its 
 recent history with that of Spain, 94 
 revolution at Oporto, 95 followed by 
 one at Lisbon, 96 effect of the ban- 
 ishment of the British from, 99 
 violent proposals, ib. subsequent re- 
 action, 100 character of the revolu- 
 
 tlte Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Parajraj-h.
 
 238 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Portugal, continued. 
 tion of 1820 in, x. 163 state of, 
 during 1823, and royalist insurrection, 
 xii. 97 counter revolution in, 98 
 retaliatory measures for the navigation 
 laws by, III. xix. 24 reciprocity 
 treaty with, 29 note king's message 
 regarding, 1826, IV. xxi. 48 causes 
 of the differences with France regard- 
 ing, 49 Mr Canning's speech on it, 
 50 et seq. sailing of the expedition, 
 54 justification of the expedition to, 
 89 relations with, 1829, and declina- 
 ture of the Wellington government to 
 interfere, xxii. 13 the expedition to 
 Terceira, 14 which is intercepted by 
 the British cruisers, 15 the royal 
 speech on, 1830, 71 grounds of com- 
 plaint of France against, and her inter- 
 vention, xxv. 76 submission of the 
 government, 77 affairs of 1847, and 
 differences between France and Eng- 
 land regarding, VII. xlvi. 59 final re- 
 sults of French revolution toward, 
 VIII. lvii. 54. 
 
 Portuguese, the, and the slave trade, 
 
 VI. xxxvii. 118. 
 Portuguese refugees, expedition of the, 
 
 from England against Don Miguel, IV. 
 xxii. 14 its failure, 15. 
 
 Portuguese slave-ships, the, VII. xliii. 14. 
 
 Posen, grand-duchy of, assigned in 1815 
 to Prussia, II. viii. 5 spread of the 
 secret societies to, IV. xxvi. 12 pre- 
 parations of Prussia in, 1831, 28 
 statistics of, 43 the archbishop of, 
 restored by Prussia, V. xxvii. 64 
 states of, debate in, on the liberty of 
 the press, 65 demands of the estates 
 of, 74 insurrection in, 1846, and its 
 suppression, 76 beneficial changes in, 
 
 VII. xlvi. 14 movement in, 1848, 
 
 VIII. liii. 27 revolt of the Poles in, 
 48, 49. 
 
 Pospolite, the Polish, IV. xxvi. 8. 
 
 Pospolite Buzsenie, the, called out in 
 Poland, IV. xxvi. 83. 
 
 Post Office, the, motion on, and defeat 
 of ministers on it, II. x. 143 statis- 
 tics connected with, VI. xxxviii. 19 
 note. 
 
 Post-office reform, Mr Hill's plan of, 
 VI. xxxviii. lii its results, 19 causes 
 of its failure as a source of revenue, 20. 
 
 Potato, the, the food of the Irish, IV. 
 xx. 1 advantages and dangers of, as 
 the food of man, VII. xlii. 37 first 
 appearance of the rot, 38. 
 
 Potato crop, failure of the, in France, 
 1846, VII. xlvii. 6. 
 
 Potato disease, the, committee of in- 
 quiry on, VII. xlii. 39 Lord John 
 
 Tlie Lay 
 
 Russell on, 42 Peel on the possible 
 results of, 52 cessation of the alarm 
 from it, 56 first exaggerations of, 
 1846, 88 partiality of, in 1845, xliii. 
 30 its extent in 1846,31 and famine, 
 in Scotland, 51 means taken to com- 
 bat it, 52 relations of, to the mone- 
 tary crisis, 1 4 3. 
 Potato failure, alleged influence of the, 
 on the crisis of 1847, VII. xliii. 
 80. 
 Potato ground, dependence of the Irish 
 
 poor on their, IV. xx. 11. 
 Potatoes, pernicious effects of, in Ireland, 
 IV. xx. 10 produce of, in France, III. 
 xvii. 128 note price of, in Ireland, 
 1845-6, VII. xlii. 88 and note in- 
 creased produce of, in Ireland, 1849- 
 53, xliii. 160 note. 
 Potocki, general, death of, IV. xxvi. 17. 
 Potosi, decay of city of, I. ii. 10. 
 Pott, general, VIII. lv. 53. 
 Potter, M., VIII. liii. 17. 
 Potteries, riots at the, 1842, VII. xli. 
 
 20. 
 Pottinger, Eldred, at the defence of 
 Herat, VI. xl. 45 et seq. succeeds 
 Macnaghten, and treaty opposed by 
 him, 126 the surrender of the guns, 
 127 treaty for liberation of the cap- 
 tives in Afghanistan, VIII. xlviii. 
 102. 
 Pottinger, Colonel Henry, created a 
 baronet, VI. xl. 75 defence of, at 
 Charekar, and his escape, 114 ap- 
 pointed plenipotentiary to China, VIII. 
 xlviii. 28, 34 treaty concluded, 44, 
 45. 
 Pouqueville, M., French consul at Patras, 
 
 III. xiv. 30. 
 Power, influence of love of, in impelling 
 
 to emigrate, VIII. lvii. 58. 
 Powerful, the, at Acre, V. xxxii. 72. 
 Pownal, captain, anecdotes of, I. ii. 69 
 
 note. 
 Pozzo di Borgo, count, I. iii. 7, 131, vi. 
 30, II. xii. 95, V. xxxii. 27 declines 
 office in 1315, I. iii. 9 at Aix-la-Cha- 
 pelle, vi. 61 at the Congress of Ver- 
 ona, II. xii. 11 secret despatches of, 
 regarding Louis Philippe, IV. xxiv. 
 48 and Casimer Perier, V. xxix. 37 
 remonstrance of, against the Polish 
 committee at Paris, xxx. 22 becomes 
 French ambassador to London, xxxiii. 
 11. 
 Practical Reason, Kant's treatise on, V. 
 
 xxviii. 63. 
 Pradt, the abbe do, opposed to the 
 
 ultramontane party, III. xvi. 11. 
 Praga, defensive works at, IV. xxvi. 32 
 fortress of, 45, 46 battle of, 49. 
 
 'je Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 239 
 
 Prague, residence of Charles X., &c. at, 
 V. xxxiii. 74 commencement of agi- 
 tation in, VIII. liv. 8 Sclave assem- 
 bly convoked at, 11 outbreak at, 
 12 desperate conflict, and capitula- 
 tion, 13. 
 
 Praslin, the due de, murder of the 
 duchesse by, and his death, VII. 
 xlvii. 13, 14. 
 
 Praslin, the duchesse de, murder of, VII. 
 xlvii. 13, 14. 
 
 Pratt, major, capture of Quantong by, 
 VIII. xlviii. 29. 
 
 Pravadi, repulse of the Turks before, III. 
 xv. Ill attempt of Redschid Pacha 
 on, 117 fresh attempt by him on it, 
 120 description of it, 122. 
 
 Precious metals, the, diminished supply 
 of, from America, and its effects, I. ii. 
 10 -policy of the Spanish govern- 
 ment regarding, II. vii. 12 views of 
 Adam Smith on, x. 4 instability of a 
 currency founded on, 13 and its 
 danger, 15 diminished supply of, 
 from the state of South America, 17 
 - paper as the representative of or 
 substitute for, III. xix. 1 expected 
 increase in production of, from South 
 American independence, 4 increased 
 supply of, from South America, V. 
 xxxi. 112 danger of a currency de- 
 pending on retention of, VI. xxxv. 4 
 increased supplies of, from South 
 America, 12 the diminished supply 
 of, xxxvii. 4 drain of, from England 
 to India, xxxix. 32 drain of, from 
 England, 1839, &c, VII. xli. 17 
 Peel on, as the standard of value, 108, 
 drain of, 1845-7, from Bank of 
 England, xliii. 71 and note export 
 of, caused by the imports of grain, 72 
 increased supply of, and its effects, 
 VIII. lvi. 73 et seq. 
 
 Precursor Association, the, its objects, 
 &c, VI. xxxviii. 27 converted into 
 that for repeal, VII. xli. 67. 
 Prefects, the, power given to, by the 
 electoral ordinance of 1815, I. iii. 16 
 Soult's circular to, V. xxx. 10. 
 Prerau, railway between, and Olmutz, V 
 
 xxvii. 67. 
 Prdrion, one of Xapoleon's attendants at 
 
 St Helena, II. ix. 116. 
 Prerogative, the contest of Charles X. 
 
 for, III. xvii. 103. 
 Presburg, commencement of agitation 
 in, VIII. liv. 8 insurrection organised 
 in, 14 excitement in, on the French 
 revolution, 15 retreat of the Austri- 
 ans to, lv. 44. 
 Presbyterians, number of, in Ireland, VI. 
 xxxvi. 19 note. 
 
 Prescott, defeat of the American sympa- 
 thisers at, VI. xxxvii. 105. 
 
 President, discussion regarding election 
 of, in France, VIII. Ii. 12 et seq. 
 principles of constitution regarding, 
 17 election of Louis Napoleon as, 29. 
 
 Press, ease with which converted to sup- 
 port of despotism, I. i. 52 freedom 
 of the, restored in France except to 
 the journals, iii. 17 royalist cha- 
 racter of the French, 181*5, 39 the 
 laws regarding, continued in 1816, vi. 
 6 liberty of the, proposed new law 
 regarding, in France, 19, 20 it is 
 carried, 24 tone of, in France in 1817, 
 44 law regarding, 1818,55 is thrown 
 out,ib. new law regarding, in France, 
 II. ix. 10 increasing violence and ex- 
 asperation of, in France, 14 attacks 
 of, on the ministry of France in 1819, 
 24 violence of, in France against the 
 new electoral law, 30 proposed re- 
 establishment of censorship in France, 
 discussion on it, 55 et seq. it is carried, 
 59 violence of, against the govern- 
 ment in 1820, 61 new law regarding 
 the censorship of, in France, 103 
 discussion on it, 104 increasing in- 
 fluence of, x. 160 freedom of, advo- 
 cated by Chateaubriand, xi. 6 note 
 new law regarding, in France, 13 its 
 provisions, 14 discussions on it, 15 
 proposed law against, in Spain, 49 
 new law regarding, 55 censorship of, 
 abolished by Charles X., III. xvi. 7 
 re-establishment of the censorship, 57 
 et seq. ordonnance for it, 68 efforts 
 of, in France against the Jesuit party, 
 70 new law regarding, 80 violence 
 of, against the Polignac ministry, xvii. 
 6 influence of, in France, 18 their 
 hostility to the Polignac ministry, 19 
 ordonnance regarding, 58 hostility 
 of, against the restoration, 120 the 
 working classes in France disregarded 
 by, 133 prosecutions of, under the 
 Wellington ministry, IV. xxii. 55 
 violence of, on the reform question, 
 xxiii. 55, 57 violence of, during the 
 elections of 1831, 66 absorption of 
 talent by, and danger of this, 153 
 efforts of, to popularise the Orleans 
 dynasty, xxiv. 32 subjection of crimes 
 of, to juries in France, 43 edicts 
 coercing, in Bavaria, xxv. 32 rigor- 
 ous censorship of, in Poland, xxvi. 10 
 regulations of the Germanic confeder- 
 acy regarding, V. xxvii, 4 censorship 
 of, in Rhenish Prussia, 17 resolutions 
 of the Germanic Diet regarding, 22 
 measures against it, 23 repressive 
 measures against, in Germany, 31 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 240 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Press, continued. 
 
 decision of the Germanic Diet regard- 
 ing, 33, 48 decree of 5th July against 
 it, 49 liberty of, its suppression in 
 Germany, ib. concessions to, in Prus- 
 sia, 65 partial liberation of, in Prus- 
 sia, 71 freedom of, demands of 
 the estates of Prussia for, 74 the 
 republican, in Paris, xxix. 20 prose- 
 cutions of, under Louis Philippe, 79 
 - how secured on behalf of govern- 
 ment of Louis Philippe, xxx. 3 union 
 for liberty of, in Germany, 1833, 23 
 violence of, in Paris, 1 833-4, 31 
 state of, under Louis Philippe, 60 
 attacks of, on the Melbourne ministry, 
 xxxi. 159 freedom of, in Greece, 
 xxxii. 37 the French, violence of, 
 against England in 1840, 66 violence 
 of, on the treason trials, 1835, xxxiii. 
 24 proposed further measures of 
 repression against, in France, 35 
 et seq. new law against, 43 effects 
 of the passion for gain in France 
 on, VI. xxxiv. 12 state of, in France, 
 1840, 76 violence of, in France on 
 the Eastern question, 94 tone of, in 
 England, 1835, xxxv. 18 in the 
 United States, war of, against the 
 banks, xxxvii. 14 liberation of, in 
 India, xl. 14 reflections on it, 15 
 position of, 1841, toward Louis Phil- 
 ippe, VII. xliv. 1 prosecutious of, in 
 France, 1841, 54 the Parisian, indig- 
 nation of, against the Chamber of 
 Peers, 67 state of, under Louis Phil- 
 ippe, 107 the French, violence of, 
 on the settlement of the Tahiti affair, 
 xlvi. 4 liberation of, in Tuscany, 69 
 censorship of, relaxed in Piedmont, 
 79 removal of the restrictions on, in 
 Naples, 85 measures of Cavaignac 
 against, VIII. 1. 98 restrictions on, in 
 France, 1848, li. 4 freedom of, pro- 
 claimed in Naples, lii. 18 freedom of, 
 in Prussia by constitution of 1848, liii. 
 62 abolition of restrictions on, in 
 Austria, liv. 6, 7 liberty of, decreed 
 in Austria, 17 provisions of Austrian 
 constitution of 1849 regarding, lv. 2. 
 
 Tresse, la, tone of, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 40 
 opposed to Thiers, 1840, 76. 
 
 Preston, the great strike at, III. xix. 56 
 elections of 1835 in, VI. xxxv. 19 
 the great strike of 1854 in, xxxvii. 61 
 note rates of mortality in, 1811, VII. 
 xli. 17 note. 
 
 Trdvotal courts, law passed in France 
 establishing, 1. iii. 68- -continued, vi. 
 6 expiry of the law establishing, 56. 
 
 Provost, M., heads the revolution of 1830 
 at Lyons, IV r . xxiv. 46. 
 
 77: c La, 
 
 Price, Mr, bears the Burmese proposals 
 
 of peace, VI. xxxix. 72. 
 Prices, effects of an abundant currency 
 on, I. i. 32 fall of, from reduction of 
 currency, 36 rise of, during the war, 
 and its causes, ii. 35 fall of, agricul- 
 tural distress attributed to, 42 al- 
 leged causes of the, 48 anticipated 
 and real change of, from resumption 
 of cash payments, IV. 79 effects of 
 increased supplies of the precious 
 metals on, II. x. 4 influence of 
 expanded currency on, 15 fall of, 
 on the Continent, 1818, &c, 17 
 rise of, in England, 1818, 20 
 rapid fall of, on the resumption of 
 cash payments, 22 fall of, in Great 
 Britain, 1819, &c., 23 continued fall 
 of, 128 the fall of, Huskisson on, 
 and its causes, 132 and Mr Attwood, 
 136 rise of, from the paper currency 
 during the war, and their fall after 
 1819, III. xix. 2 rise of, from ex- 
 panded currency not immediate, 5 
 rise in 1823 and 1824 in England, 6 
 rapid fall of, 1825, 79 effect of fall 
 in Ireland, IV. xx. 3 effects of rise in 
 1824 in Ireland, 23 influence of the 
 monetary act of 1826 on,xxi. 18 how 
 it acts in inducing passion for change, 
 19 invariable effect of contraction 
 of currency on, 21 influence of high, 
 in securing community of interest, 
 xxii. 3 effect of the fall of, caused by 
 contraction of currency iu inducing 
 the desire for reform, 4 the fall 
 compels the remission of taxes, 40 
 fall of, effects of it in inducing the 
 passion for reform, xxiii. 129 
 how it did so, 130 amount of it, 
 1824, 132 in principal articlesof com- 
 merce, ib. note fall of, distress arising 
 from, 1833, V. xxxi. 55 rise of, in 
 United States, VI. xxxvii. 6 the fall 
 of, the cause of the suffering in Great 
 Britain, 46 table of it, 1782-1837, 
 ib. note fall of, origin of the auti- 
 corn-law agitation from it, 71 the 
 fall of, from contraction of the cur- 
 rency, made the new tariff necessary, 
 VII. xli. 56 improvement in, 1843, 
 &c, 77 rise in, encouragement to 
 speculation by, 1844, xlii. 2 fall of, 
 under new tariff, 1845, 35 and note 
 fall of, made abolition of the corn 
 laws inevitable, 36 losses by fall in, 
 during crisis of 1847, xliii. 115 rise 
 of, caused by increased supplies of 
 gold, 146, 165, VIII. lvi. 74 effect of 
 growth of wealth in raising, lvii. 60 
 cry for free trade induced by, 
 61. 
 
 je Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 241 
 
 Priests, numbers, &c. of, in Spain, II. 
 vii. 16 resistance of the king to the 
 decree against, 88 reception of the 
 decree in the country, 89 party of 
 the, undue ascendancy of, in France, 
 ix. Ill secret camarilla of, under 
 Charles X., III. xvi. 5 dangerous in- 
 fluence of, on government, xviii. 112 
 interference of, in the elections of 
 1826 in Ireland, IV. xxi. 45 entire 
 supremacy of the, in Ireland, 1 1 1 
 they support the system of multiply- 
 ing voters, 112 efforts of, to bias the 
 voters, 113 diminished number of, 
 in Ireland, 1 70 effect of education at 
 Maynooth on, VII. xlii. 25. 
 
 Priestly domination, jealousy of, in 
 France, III. xvii. 121. 
 
 Primary Assemblies, proposed abolition 
 of the, in France, I. iii. 1 1 1. 
 
 Primary instruction, measures regard- 
 ing, in France in 1819, II. ix. 7 and 
 in 1818, VIII. lvii. 9. 
 
 Primary schools, number, &c. of, in 
 France, VII. xliv. 12. 
 
 Prime, colonel, defeat of the American 
 sympathisers by, VI. xxxvii. 106. 
 
 Primogeniture, defeat of attempt to re- 
 establish, in France, III. xvi. 50 re- 
 flections on it, 51. 
 
 Prince Edward's Island, mal-appropria- 
 tion of lands in, VI. xxxviii. 11. 
 
 Prince Zcrbin, Tieck's, V. xxviii. 31. 
 
 Princes, proposed council of, for Ger- 
 many, VIII. liii. 85. 
 
 Princess Charlotte, the, at Acre, V. 
 xxxii. 72. 
 
 Principalities, the, treaties between Rus- 
 sia and Turkey regarding, III. xiii. 75 
 note negotiations regarding, in 1823, 
 xiv. 82 demands of Russia regarding, 
 at Ackerman, xv. 15 provisions of 
 convention of Ackerman regarding, 
 17 overrun by the Russians, 31 
 terms of treaty of Adrianople regard- 
 ing, 137, 1 38. See Moldavia, Wallachia. 
 
 Priugle, Alex., a lord of the Treasurv, 
 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Printed calicoes, proposed reduction of 
 duties on, IV. xxiii. 29 and note. 
 
 Printing, early knowledge of, in China, 
 VIII. xlviii. 17. 
 
 Prisons, Council-general of, formed in 
 France, II. ix. 7 state of, in Paris 
 under Louis Philippe, V. xxx. 31 bill 
 regarding, in Jamaica, VI. xxxvii. 128. 
 
 Prison labour, laws regarding, in France, 
 VIII. lvii. 8. 
 
 Prisoners, number of, under Louis Phil- 
 ippe, V. xxx. 60 bill regarding coun- 
 sel to, VI. xxxvi. 48. 
 
 Pritchard, Mr, the outrage by the 
 
 the S.uaU tv the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 French on, at Tahiti, VII. xli. 100 
 reparation to him agreed to, 101 
 excitement caused by his arrest, xlvi. 
 2 indemnity from France to him, 3. 
 
 Private banks, necessity for restriction 
 on, VI. xxxv. 11. 
 
 Privilege of parliament, the, in connec- 
 tion with the Stockdale case, VI. 
 xxxviii. 21 et seq. 
 
 Privileges, abolition of, in Spain in 1820, 
 II. vii. 78 exclusive, in Hungary, 
 VIII. liii. 11 abolition of, in Hol- 
 land, 1848, 1.9 surrender of, by the 
 Hungarian nobility, liv. 16. 
 
 Privy Council, the, speech of Queen 
 Victoria to, on her accession, VI. 
 xxxvi. 75 grants for education by, 
 Vll.xliii. 96. 
 
 Probate duty, increase of, in Ireland, 
 V. xxxi. 124 note. 
 
 Produce, decline of, in West Indies 
 from exhaustion of soil, V. xxxi. 100 
 heavy duties on it, 101 increase 
 of, in India, VI. xxxix. 17. 
 
 Producers, the, policy of government 
 toward, in Turkey, III. xiii. 21 
 alleged influence of free trade on the 
 interests of, xix. 42 and consumers, 
 collision of interests between, IV. 
 xxii. 3, 4 diminished sway of, in 
 Great Britain, xxiii. 1 interests of 
 the, overbalanced by those of the con- 
 sumers, 127 their distress one cause 
 of the reform bill, 128 the interests 
 of the capitalists opposed to, 132 
 effects of the reform bill on the inte- 
 rests of, 135 still a majority in Eng- 
 land, 160 predominance of the 
 moneyed over, and how obtained, 163 
 their influence destroyed with the 
 nomination boroughs, VII. xlii. 89. 
 
 Producing interests, proof of their dis- 
 franchisement by the reform bill, VII. 
 xliii. 21. 
 
 Production, identification of interests of, 
 with those of the aristocracy in Eng- 
 land, IV. xxv. 109 effect of the con- 
 traction of the currency in lowering 
 the cost of, VII. xli. 56 comparative 
 effect of capital on, in agriculture and 
 manufactures, xliii. 155. 
 
 Profligacy, prevalence of, among the 
 Russian nobility, IE. viii. 25 Louis 
 Blanc's picture of the prevalent, in 
 France, V. xxix. 4, 5. 
 
 Prolegat, governor of Bologna, indeci- 
 sion of, on the insurrection there, 
 IV. xxv. 26. 
 
 Proletaires, the, Louis Blanc on, in 
 France, V. xxix. 4 schism between, 
 and employers in France, xxx. 63 
 secret society called, 42 note. 
 
 to the Paragraph. Q
 
 2t2 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Prome, advance of the British on, VI. 
 
 xxxix. 65 its capture, 66 defeat of 
 
 the Burmese before, 69 capture of, 
 
 by the British, VIII. xlix. 116, 117. 
 
 Prondzynski, general, plans urged by, 
 
 IV. xxvi. 65 at Iganie, G6. 
 Propagande, secret society called, V. 
 
 xxx. 42 note. 
 Propagandism, new forms of, in France, 
 1832, V. xxx. 21 resolution of Con- 
 gress of Muntz-Graetz against, 27. 
 Properties, excessive division of, in 
 France, III. xvi. 43 and proprietors, 
 number, income, &c. of, in France, 
 xvii. 127 note number of, in Ireland, 
 IV. xx. 9. 
 Property, destruction of, in Great Bri- 
 tain by popular ascendancy, I. i. 58 
 note influence of the destruction 
 of, in France, on periodical literature, 
 III. xviii. 75 principles of the St 
 Simonians regarding, IV. xxv. 40 
 Proudhon's views on. VIII. li. 3. 
 Property qualification, abolition of, one 
 of the points of the charter, VI. xxxvii. 
 63. 
 Property tax, discussion in parliament 
 on the, I. ii. 12 arguments against its 
 
 continuance, 13 et seq and for it, 16 
 
 et seq. its abolition, 20 reflections 
 on the subject, 21. See Income tax. 
 Proprietors, the, discontent among, in 
 France, III. xvii. 39 poverty of the 
 small, in France, 119 destruction of, 
 by the Revolution, IV. xxiv. 2 
 schism between, and proldtaires, V. 
 xxx. 63. 
 Proprietary clergy, discussion in the 
 
 Deputies on a, I. vi. 33 et seq. 
 Proscribed, return of, to France, II. ix. 
 
 8 debate in the Deputies on it, 11. 
 Prose writers, the leading, of Great 
 
 Britain since the peace, I. v. 28. 
 Prose literature of Germany, character 
 of, V. xxviii. 40 causes of its de- 
 fects, 41, 42. 
 Prosperity, anticipations of, in Great 
 Britain on the peace, I. ii. 3 influence 
 of, in inducing discontent, V. xxvii. 
 12. 
 Protected states in India, rapid decline 
 of the, VI. xxxix. 30 causes of this, 
 ib. 
 Protection, system of, under the old 
 constitution of England, IV. xxiii. 
 124 a result of uniform representa- 
 tion in France, 167 Lord Palmerston's 
 definition of, VI. xxxviii. 50 excite- 
 ment against, 1841, 56 the system of 
 young and growing states, VII. xliii. 
 163 results of, to France, 165 note 
 struggle for, in France, xliv. 58 cir- 
 
 The La 
 
 cumstances which weakened the cause 
 of, 1849, VIII. lvi. 19. 
 
 Protectionists, the, arguments of, against 
 free trade, III. xix. 42 et seq. oppose 
 the sliding scale, VII. xli. 40 decla- 
 ration of, 1845, xlii. 34 arguments of, 
 against the abolition of the corn laws, 
 59 determination of, to drive Sir 
 li. Peel from power, 69 oppose the 
 Irish coercion bill, 81 conduct of the 
 leaders of, 92 the secession of, breaks 
 up the Tory party, xliiL 1, 2 party of, 
 in the Commons, 16 support Lord 
 George Bentinck's railway scheme, 63 
 support Mr Fielden's factory bill, 91 
 arguments of, against Mr Villiers' 
 motion, VIII. lvi. 29 et seq. 
 
 Protective duties, Sir R. Peel on entire 
 abrogation of, VII. xlii. 48. 
 
 Protective system, arguments of the 
 London merchants against the, III. 
 xix. 37 et seq growth of the indus- 
 trial interests under the, IV. xxiii. 4 
 use made of the distress of 1842, &c, 
 against the, VII. xli. 24 influence of 
 the, on British shipping, VIII. lvi. 17 
 and note. 
 
 Protestant Charter School, Ireland, grant 
 to the, IV. xx. 5 note. 
 
 Protestants, persecution of, in the south 
 of France, I. iii. 36 the Irish, origin 
 of Orange lodges among, IV. xx. 14 
 proportion of, to Catholics in Ireland, 
 25 great meeting of, on Penenden 
 Heath, xxi. 120 increased ratio of, in 
 Ireland, 170 conflicts between, and 
 Catholics in Ireland, 1829, xxii. 19 
 total number of, in Germany, V. xxvii. 
 85 outcry among, against the Irish 
 secular colleges, VII. xlii. 22 and 
 Catholics, disunion between, in Ger- 
 many, VIII. liii. 2 number of, in 
 Austria, 5 note dissensions between, 
 and the Catholics in Prussia, 1848, 27. 
 
 Protestantism and Catholicism, jealousy 
 caused by, in the Netherlands, IV. 
 xxiv. 70 alleged diminution of, in 
 Ireland, VI. xxxv. 34 establishment 
 of, in Prussia, VIII. liii. 4. 
 
 Proudhon, M., appointed by mob to pro- 
 visional government, VIII. 1. 73 re- 
 turned to Assembly, 77 implicated in 
 the revolt of June, li. 2 and note 
 heads the Socialists, and his views, 3 
 trial and sentence of, ib. opposes 
 the constitution of 1848, 16 heads 
 conspiracy of January 29, lvii. 12. 
 
 Provinces, the revolt of, the cause of 
 decay in eastern monarchies, V. xxxii. 
 1. 
 
 Provincial assemblies, introduction of, 
 into Naples, II. vii. 103. 
 
 gc Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 243 
 
 Provincial Diets, illusory edict of Prussia 
 regarding, V. xxvii. 35 import of 
 the constitution of these, 37 Count 
 Bernstorff's circular regarding them, 
 38 their real worth, 40. 
 
 Provincial estates, opening of the, in 
 Prussia, 1841, and excitement attend- 
 ing it, V. xxvii. 65. 
 
 Provins, resistance to the valuation in, 
 VII. xliv. 61. 
 
 Provisions, low price of, not indicative 
 of prosperity, VII. xli. 31 great 
 variations in prices of, 1847, xliii. 117 
 effects of free trade on prices of, 160. 
 
 Provisional government, the French, 
 first acts of, 1848, VIII. 1. 3 pressure 
 on the, &c, 5 institution of the 
 Garde Mobile, 9 decree against ex- 
 ministers, &c, 10 formation of the 
 Ateliers Nationaux, 13 suspension of 
 cash payments, 24 financial measures, 
 28 decree convoking National As- 
 sembly, 30 and postponing it, 31 
 measures to sway the elections, 32 et 
 seq. military preparations of, 44 
 grand review by, 63 new, appointed 
 by insurgents of May 15th, 73. 
 
 Prudhommes, the, at Lyons, V. xxix. 8 
 the council called, proceedings of, 
 regarding the tariff of wages, 9. 
 
 Prussia, effects of the alliance of France 
 and England on, I. i. 8 violence of 
 the revolution of 1848 in, 19 stand- 
 ing army of, 23 relations of crime 
 and education in, 48 position of the 
 forces of, in France, iii. 29 contribu- 
 tions from France to, 48 note -con- 
 vention of, with Russia, &c, regarding 
 France, 49 a party to the Holy 
 Alliance, 51 representatives of, at 
 Aix-la-Chapelle, vi. 61 acquisitions 
 of, from Poland in 1815, II. viii. 
 5 population per square mile in, 
 17 note representatives of, at the 
 Congress of Troppau, 70 loans raised 
 by, 1817, x. 18 note number of 
 children receiving education in, 57 
 exports from England per head to, 
 75 note declaration from, regarding 
 South American independence, xi. 17 
 representatives of, at the Congress of 
 Verona, xii. 11 her views, 13 views 
 adopted by, on the Spanish question, 
 20 note of, on it, 21 note with- 
 draws her ambassador from Spain, 27 
 the note of, on the Spanish constitu- 
 tion, 34 the prince-royal of, III. xv. 30 
 designs of France regarding, xvii. 
 49 formation of the Zollverein by, 
 xix. 33 exports to, 1840-9, ib. note 
 measures adopted by, in retaliation for 
 the navigation laws, 23 recipro- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 city treaty with, 29 note shipping 
 employed in trade with, 31 recogni- 
 tion of Louis Philippe by, IV. xxiv. 
 50 want of representative institutions, 
 and state of political feeling in, 81 
 disturbances in, 82 jealousy of 
 France in, caused by the revolution in 
 Belgium, xxv. 1 a party to conven- 
 tion for separation of Belgium and 
 Holland, 20, 22 state of feeling in, 
 1830, and measures of the government, 
 31 a party to the partition of Poland, 
 xxvi. 6 originally a part of Poland, 7 
 preparations of, and conference with 
 Russia, &c. regarding Poland, 27 
 retreat of Gielgud, &c. into, 81 sub- 
 servience of, to Russia, and measures 
 to aid her against, the Poles, 82, 83 
 retreat of the Polish army into, 92 
 votes of, in the Germanic Diet,V. xxvii. 
 4 note population and military con- 
 tingent, 5 and note prosperity and 
 advances of, since the peace, 7 edu- 
 cation in, 9 statistics of it in relation 
 to crime, 10 declaration of, 1815, re- 
 garding constitutional government, 1 5 
 breach of faith on the part of the 
 government, 17 further promises, 18 
 resistance of, to representative 
 assemblies, 23 circular by cabinet of, 
 on Kotzebue's murder, 27 et seq. 
 increasing influence of, in the Diet, 33 
 illusory edict of, regarding provin- 
 cial Diets, 35 import of the constitu- 
 tion of these, 37 Rernstorffs circular 
 regarding them, 38 regulations re- 
 garding secret societies, 39 the real 
 worth of the provincial estates, 40 
 causes which prevented an outbreak, 
 41 wisdom of internal government of, 
 42 specific measures introduced, 43 
 ultimate effect of these on freedom, 
 44 military preparations of, on the 
 French revolution of 1830, 45 effect 
 of the Belgian and Polish revolutions, 
 46 dispute between, and the Pope 
 regarding Archbishop of Cologne, 58 
 manifesto of, on his arrest, 59 in- 
 ternal regulations of, 60 amnesty, and 
 reciprocity treaty with Holland, 61 
 death of the king, and revival of the 
 question of the constitution, 62 
 answer of the king to demand for a 
 constitution, 63 adjustment of the 
 dispute with the See of Rome, 64 
 opening of the provincial estates, and 
 excitement attending it, 65 extension 
 of Zollverein, and her increasing in- 
 tellectual strength, 66 extension of 
 railways, 67 inauguration of cathe- 
 dral of Cologne, and king's speech, 68 
 meeting of general estates of, 69 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 244 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Prussia, continued. 
 
 secret views of the government in this, 
 70 progress of constitutional ideas in 
 1843, 71 and in 1844, 72 religious 
 movement in, 73 constitutional pro- 
 gress in 1845, 74 and in 1846, 75 
 increased demand for reform, 76 
 progress in 1847, and convocation of 
 general Diet, 77 opening of States- 
 general, and king's speech, 78 effect 
 of the long evasion of the promise of 
 a constitution in, 81 influence of 
 Russia on, and its effects, 87 attitude 
 of, toward France, 1832, xxix. 25 
 attitude of, regarding the cession of 
 Antwerp, 86 but compelled to re- 
 main quiet, 95 memoir by, against 
 the Polish committee at Paris, xxx. 22 
 measures of, against the Polish re- 
 fugees in Switzerland, 24 a party to 
 the Congress of Muntz-Graetz, 25 
 statistics of army of, 26 note a party 
 to treaty for settlement of the East, 
 xxxii. 57 a party to the treaty of 
 March 1841, regarding the Dardanelles, 
 76 a party to the occupation of Cra- 
 cow, xxxiii. 61 declaration by, re- 
 garding Belgium, 1838, VI. xxxiv. 24 
 warlike preparations of, 25 sides 
 with England on the Eastern question, 
 90 proportion of army to population 
 in, xxxix. 26 visit of king of, 1842, 
 to England, VII. xli. 27 condition of 
 the labouring classes in, 31 propor- 
 tion of children at school in, 81 note 
 the Protectionists on, xlii. 62 class 
 from which the army is drawn in, xliii. 
 25 details of army of, 28 note ex- 
 ports to, 1846-9, 118 note effects of 
 the monetary crisis in England on, 
 141 increased protective system of, 
 163 exports and imports with, 164 
 note negotiations with, regarding the 
 slave trade, xliv. 49 changes intro- 
 duced by, into her Polish provinces, 
 xlvi. 14 capture of Cracow by troops 
 of, 24 indemnity for Cracow receiv- 
 ed by, 52 a party to the proposed 
 league against Great Britain, 106 
 acknowledgment of the French re- 
 public by, VIII. 1. 46 state of, 1848, 
 liii. 4 statistics of, 5 note statistics 
 of education in, 6 the military system 
 of, 7 objects, &c. of the Zollverein, 
 13 its effects, 14 first disturbances 
 in, 1848, 22 proclamation by the 
 king, 23 tumult in Berlin, 24 con- 
 flict there, and submission of the king, 
 25 division in, on these changes, 27 
 new constitution, 28 et seq. dispute 
 with the general Diet. 30 meeting at 
 Heidelberg, 31 elections for general 
 
 The La 
 
 Diet, 32 invasion of Schleswig-Hol- 
 stein by, 37 et seq. armistice, 42 
 dissatisfaction with the election of the 
 Archduke John, 45 revolt in Posen, 
 and its suppression, 48, 49 new con- 
 stitution of, 1848, 50 riots in Berlin, 
 and change of ministry, 51 ministry 
 again changed, measures of the king, 
 52 disorders in Berlin, and conduct 
 of the burgher guard, 54 ministry 
 again changed, 55 the Assembly re- 
 solve to resist, 57 is dissolved by 
 force, 58 final victory of the crown, 
 60, 61 king's constitution, 62 ad- 
 dress of the king to the troops, 63 
 breach with the Assembly at Frank- 
 fort, 79 aids in suppressing the revolt 
 in Saxony, 81 and iu Baden, 83 
 Germanic constitution agreed to by, 
 84 et seq. proceedings of new Cham- 
 ber, 86 -new electoral law, 87 
 ascendancy of moderate party in it, 
 88 affairs in 1850, 90 dissension 
 with Austria regarding Hesse-Cassel, 
 91 intervention of Russia, and her 
 demands, 92 the Olmutz convention, 
 93 renewal of hostilities iu Schleswig- 
 Holstein, 95 treaty, 97 renewal of 
 war, 98 et seq. final settlement, 102, 
 103 effects of the representation by 
 classes in, 106. 
 Prussian commercial league, the, see 
 
 Zollverein. 
 Prussian Poland, statistics of, IV.xxvi. 43. 
 Pruth, the crossing of, by the Russians 
 
 in 1828, III. xv. 31. 
 Psamado, death of, at Sphacteria, and 
 gallant escape of his vessel, III. xiv. 
 122. 
 Psariotes, glorious resistance of the, III. 
 
 xiv. 106,107. See Ipsara. 
 Ptolemais, military importance of, in 
 
 time of the Crusaders, V. xxxii. 7. 
 Public burdens, equal distribution of, in 
 England, under the old system, IV. 
 xxiii. 125. 
 Public companies, increase of, in France, 
 
 1837, VI. xxxiv. 7. 
 Public criers, law against, in Paris, V. 
 
 xxx. 34. 
 Public instruction, ordonnance regard- 
 ing, in France, II. ix. 93 Schelling 
 placed at the head of, in Prussia, V. 
 xxvii. 66 society for advancing, in 
 France, xxx. 41. 
 Public meeting, right of, secured by 
 French constitution of 1S18, VIII. li. 
 17. 
 Public meetings, act for regulating, 1819, 
 
 II. x. 35. 
 Public men, distrust in, in England, VII. 
 xliii. 1. 
 
 rgc Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 245 
 
 Public monuments, votes for, in England, 
 I. ii. 61. 
 
 Public officers, motion for reducing 
 salaries of, IV. xxii. 28. 
 
 Public opinion, literature as an index to, 
 V. xxviii. 2. 
 
 Public works, various, 1825, III. xix. 63 
 grant voted for, 1833, in France, V. 
 xxx. 17 distribution of it, 18 in- 
 fluence of want of, in Ireland, xxxi. 
 53 former, in India, VI. xxxix. 13 
 difficulties of the British government 
 in India with regard to, 14 in Ire- 
 land, for relief of the distress in 1846, 
 VII. xliii. 30 increasing numbers 
 employed on them, 33 insufficiency 
 of relief afforded on these, 37 Lord 
 George Bentinck on them, 54 sum 
 required for, in France, 1840, xliv. 44 
 diminished expenditure on, in 
 France, 1847, xlvii. 7 under Lord 
 Dalhousie in India, VIII. xlix. 112, 
 113. 
 
 Public works act, the Irish, 1846, VII. 
 xliii. 30 expenditure under it, 44 
 note. 
 
 Puckner, general, VIII. liv. 44 forces 
 under, lv. 5 operations against Bern, 
 9, 20, 21. 
 
 Puerto Rico, acceptance of the constitu- 
 tion in, II. vii. 83 increased produc- 
 tion of, since emancipation, V. xxxi. 
 106. 
 
 Puffen, colonel, defeat of, VIII. lv. 45. 
 
 Puna, road from Rangoon to, VIII. xlix. 
 113 note. 
 
 Punishment, necessity for certainty in, 
 
 I. iv. 94 arbitrariness of, in Russia, 
 
 II. viii. 36. 
 
 Punjaub, the, the kingdom of the Sikhs 
 in, VI. xl. 39 displays, &c. in, be- 
 fore the march into Affghanistan, 58 
 death of Runjeet, and threatening 
 
 aspect of affairs in, 85 state of, 
 after Runjeet Singh's death, VIII. 
 xlix. 32 origin, &c. of the Sikhs, 50, 
 51 geographical description of, 52 
 Runjeet Singh, 53 position of affairs 
 in, 58 hostile movements, 60 ad- 
 vantages on side of Sikhs, 61 move- 
 ments of both parties, 62 battle of 
 Moodkee, 63 battle of Ferozeshah, 
 68 of Aliwal, 78 advance toward 
 Lahore, 87 treaty, 88 renewed hos- 
 tile appearances, 90 disturbances and 
 fresh treaty, 91 tranquillity during 
 1847, 92 renewed disturbances, 
 murder of Agnew, &c, 94 first opera- 
 tions, 95 defection of Shere Singh, 
 96 battle of Ramnuggur, 97, 98 
 operations of Gough and Shere Singh, 
 99 battle of Chillianwallah, 100 et seq. 
 retreat of the Sikhs toward Goojerat, 
 103 battle of Goojerat, 104 et seq. 
 surrender of the Sikhs, 106 Attock 
 retaken, 107 capture of Mooltan, 108 
 et seq. its incorporation, 110 canals 
 in, 113 note reflections on the war 
 in, 121. 
 
 Pure Reason, Kant's Critick of, V. xxviii. 
 63. 
 
 Purs Rdpublicains, secret society called, 
 
 V. xxx. 42 note. 
 
 Purtab Singh, murder of, VIII. xlix. 33. 
 Purwandurrah, defeat of the British at, 
 
 VI. xl. 92. 
 
 Puss in Boots, Tieck's drama of, V. 
 xxviii. 31. 
 
 Puteaux, cholera at, V. xxix. 32 note. 
 
 Puycerda, defeat of the Spanish royalists 
 at, II. xi. 58. 
 
 Puyraveau, Audry de, see Audry. 
 
 Puys de Dome, gi'ain riots in, 1S17, I. 
 vi. 25. 
 
 Puyzellier, captain, opposes Louis Na- 
 poleon at Boulogne, VI. xxxiv. 82. 
 
 Q 
 
 Quadruple alliance, the, VII. xlvi. 
 
 36. 
 Qusestors, what, in the French Assembly, 
 
 VIII. lvii. 40 note motion by the, 
 
 43 its rejection, 44. 
 Quai d'Orsay, Hotel du, grant for, V. xxx. 
 
 18 note excess of expenditure on 
 
 it, V. xxxiii. 59. 
 Quang-tong, capture of fort of, VIII. 
 
 xlviii. 29. 
 Quarter, proclamation of Mina against, 
 
 II. xi. 75. 
 Quarterly Review, rise of the, I. v. 43 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 picture of the state of England in 
 
 1825 from, III. xix. 63 opposes the 
 
 reform bill, IV. xxiii. 71. 
 Quear, ensign, VIII. lvi. 71 note. 
 Quebec, suspension of cash payments by 
 
 bank of, VI. xxxvii. 79. 
 Quelen, archbishop of Paris, a member 
 
 of the Camarilla, III. xvi. 5. 
 Queen Charlotte, the, at the battle of 
 
 Algiers, I. ii. 72, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79. 
 Queen Mary, Schiller's, V. xxviii. 19. 
 Queens of England, Strickland's Lives of 
 
 the, I. v. 60. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 246 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Queen's Bench, the Court of, iu Ireland, 
 confirms O'Connell's sentence, VII. 
 xli. 73. 
 
 Queen's County, effects of the coercion 
 act in, V. xxxi. 44 note proclaimed 
 in 1848, VII. xliii. 138. 
 
 Queenborough, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Quenisset, Francois, attempted assassina- 
 tion of the Due d'Orleaus by, VII. xliv. 
 66. 
 
 Quentin Durward, remarks on, I. v. 10. 
 
 Querelles, lieutenant, a partisan of Louis 
 Napoleon's, V. xxxiii. 81. 
 
 Quesada heads the royalists in Navarre, 
 II. xi. 55 renewed outbreak of, 60 
 defeat of, by Lopez, 73 successes of, 
 74 defeated, and retires to Bayonne, 
 76 operations of, in concert with the 
 French, xii. 73. 
 
 Quettah, arrival of the Affghanistan ex- 
 pedition at, VI. xl. 63 siege of, by 
 the insurgents, 86 advance of Eng- 
 land to, VIII. xlviii. 77 his retreat 
 
 to, 79 second advance of England 
 from, 84. 
 
 Quiberon, monument of, defaced, V. 
 xxix. 42. 
 
 QuieVrain, check of French revolutionists 
 at, VIII. 1. 42. 
 
 Quimperl, bribery at election for, VII. 
 xlvii. 11. 
 
 Quinette, M., indemnity to, II. ix. 102 note. 
 
 Quinsonnas, general, during the Three 
 Days, III. xvii. 73. 
 
 Quiroga, general, one of the leaders of 
 the insurrection at Cadiz, II. vii. 64 
 measures of, as commander of the in- 
 surgents, 66 his difficulties, 67 his 
 perilous situation, 68 elected to the 
 Cortes of 1820, 79 pension bestowed 
 on, 87 denounced by the revolu- 
 tionists, 88 made captain - general of 
 Galicia, xi. 70. 
 
 Quotidienne, the, circulation of, III. xvii. 
 19 note suppression of, V. xxix. 67 
 publication of the alleged letters of 
 Louis Philippe by, VII. xliv. 53. 
 
 E 
 
 Raab, fortress of, VIII. lv. 4 advance 
 of the Austrians to, 6 evacuated by 
 the Austrians, 50 captured by the 
 Austrians, 55 capture of, by Klapka, 
 76. 
 
 Raban, ensign, death of, at Cabul, VI. 
 xi. 108. 
 
 Race, persistence of the character of, I. 
 i. 60 relations of, to religious faith, 
 
 II. vii. 13 wars of, in the East, III. 
 xiii. 1 and in the east of Europe, 5 
 vehemence of these in the Turkish 
 empire, 6 disunion from, in Germany, 
 VIII. liii. 2 diversity of, in Austria, 
 3. 
 
 Races, modern wars of, in Europe, I. i. 
 62 variety of, in the Turkish empire, 
 
 III. xiii. 7 influence of diversity of, 
 iu Turkey on government, 10 ani- 
 mosity of, in the Austrian empire, 
 VIII. liv. 18. 
 
 Rachel, mademoiselle, the actress, III. 
 xviii. 81 first appearance of, VI. 
 xxxiv. 12. 
 
 Radcliffe, Mrs, the novels of, I. v. 68. 
 
 Radetsky, marshal, measures of, against 
 revolt in Milan, 1830, IV. xxv. 25 
 occupation of Bologna by, V. xxix. 
 28 biography of, VIII. lii. 5 his 
 character, 6 retreats from Milan, 9 
 el se<j. proclamation by, 11 retreats 
 to the Mincio, 12 forces and position 
 
 The L 
 
 of, 27 its weakness, 28 measures to 
 secure the Tyrol, 29 retires behind 
 the Adige, 32 invasion of the Tyrol, 
 34 movements of, 36 defeated at 
 Pastrengo, 38 retreats behind the 
 Adige, ib. position of, at Santa Lucia, 
 40 battle of Sta Lucia, 41 views of, 
 subsequently, 42 joined by the army 
 of reserve, 46 position on the Adige, 
 48 movements to relieve Peschiera, 
 50 victory at Curtatone, 51 repulse 
 at Goito, 52 fall of Peschiera, 53 
 dangerous position and difficulties of, 
 54 movements, and their aim, 55 
 marches on Vicenza,56 victory there, 
 57 returns to Verona, and loss of 
 Rivoli, 58 importance of the capture 
 of Vieenza, 5!) position and further 
 preparations of, 60 reinforcements, 
 61 his difficulties from the state of 
 the country, 62 relieves Ferrara, 64 
 Mantua blockaded, ib. repulsed 
 before Rivoli, 65 further movements, 
 66 battle of Custoza, 67 danger after 
 it, and his subsequent movements, 68 
 defeat at the Somma Campngua, 69 
 subsequent operations, 70 battle 
 of Valeggio, 71 movements in pur- 
 suit, 72 terms of armistice demanded 
 by, 73 capitulation of Milan, 75 
 armistice, 76 forces of, on renewal 
 of the war, 86 thuir spirit, 87 his 
 
 irge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 247 
 
 proclamation, ib. note plans, 88 first 
 movements, 89 concentrates his 
 forces at Pavia, 90 first combats, 91 
 battle of Novara, 92 et seq. its 
 results, 95 armistice concluded, 98 
 enters Milan, 100 military conduct 
 of, 123. 
 Radicals, the, objects and proceedings 
 of, 1819, II. x. 24 the meeting of, at 
 Peterloo, 25 et seq. continuance of 
 military training among, 1820, 49 
 views of, regarding the case of the 
 queen, 81 objects of, in desiring re- 
 form, IV. xxii. 74 efforts of, to coerce 
 the Peers, xxiii. 104 objects of, in 
 Great Britain, V. xxxi. 1 defeats of, 
 on the address, 1833, 27 split be- 
 tween, and the Whigs on the Irish 
 coercion bill, 42 resistance of the 
 Grey ministry to, 110 difficulties of 
 the Grey ministry from, 113 views 
 and objects of, 127 feeling of, against 
 the Lords, VI. xxxvi. 23 attacks on 
 the Melbourne ministry by, 57 op- 
 pose the additions to the navy, 1836, 
 51 and again, 1839, xxxviii. 34 
 clamour of, on the letter - opening 
 question, VII. xlii. 31 intended ris- 
 ing of, in Scotland, 1848, xliii. 129. 
 
 Radicals, the Swiss, supported by Eng- 
 land, VII. xlvi. 98 their excitement, 
 100 forces of, 102 their easy victory, 
 1 03 decline the mediation of the five 
 powers, 104. 
 
 Radical leaders, impression made by 
 Lords Sid mouth and Castlercagh on 
 the, II. x. 36. 
 
 Radical press, tbe, attacks on Thiers by, 
 1840, VI. xxxiv. 76. 
 
 Radicalism, growth of, in the Swiss 
 cities, VII. xlvi. 91. 
 
 Radowitz, general, negotiations by, for 
 league against England, VII. xlvi. 
 106 -resignation of, VIII. liii. 92. 
 
 Radziwil, Prince Michael, a member of 
 the provisional government of Poland, 
 IV. xxvi. 18 appointed member of 
 national council, 32 appointed com- 
 mander-in-chief, 40 retires before 
 Diebitch, 47 position and forces of, at 
 Grochow, 4 8 battle of Grochow, 49 
 battle of Praga, 50 removed from 
 the command, 56. 
 
 Rae. Sir Wm., lord advocate, IV. xxii. 
 26 and again. 1835, VI. xxxv. 16 
 note and in 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Raeburn, Sir H.. the paintings of, I. v. 
 92 created a baronet, II. x. 153. 
 
 Raffe, colonel, killed by the explosion 
 of the infernal machine, V. xxxiii. 
 30. 
 
 Railways, companies for, 1825, III. xix. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 66 note capital invested in, IV. xxii. 
 62 losses sustained in, 63 effects of, 
 on the struggle between labour and 
 capital, xxiv. 5 the first continental, 
 V. xxvii. 56 regulations of the Prus- 
 sian government regarding, 60 vast 
 system of, in Northern Germany, 67 
 further extension of, in Germany, 
 1844, 72 discussions in the Deputies 
 on, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 45 speculation 
 in, 1835-6, xxxv. 14 rapid increase of, 
 in Canada, xxxvii. 116 importance 
 of constructing, in India, xxxix. 19 
 passion for, in England, 1844, &c, 
 VII. xlii. 2 plans, &c. lodged with 
 board of trade, 3 total preliminary 
 expenses, 5 sums authorised for, 
 1843 to 1849, receipts, passengers, 
 miles completed, &c, ib. note bill 
 reducing to a half the deposits on, 1 1 
 effects of this, 12 employment af- 
 forded by, in England, xliii. 53, 55 
 Lord George Bentinck's scheme for 
 their extension to Ireland, 54 et seq. 
 as the alleged cause of the crisis of 
 1847, 78 expenditure on, 1845-7, 99 
 and note expenditure on, alleged as 
 the cause of the crisis of 1847, 108 
 details of losses on, 1847, &c, 115 
 losses by, and number abandoned, 120 
 fall in value of shares, ib. note 
 benefits of the expenditure on them, 
 121 number of miles in Great Bri- 
 tain compared with other countries, 
 122 note diminished traffic on, 1845 
 to 1849, 125 expenditure on, in 
 France, 1841-7, xliv. 2 government 
 loan for, in France, 1S41, 5 failure of 
 the attempt to form, by private enter- 
 prise in Fivnce, 42 taken up by gov- 
 ernment, 43 embarrassment caused 
 to the French finances by, 44 exten- 
 sion of system of, in France, 79 
 diminished expenditure on, in France, 
 
 1847, xlvii. 7, 8 importance of, in 
 India, and measures for furthering 
 them, VIII. xlix. 49 Indian, under 
 Lord Dalhousie, 113 and note gov- 
 ernment sequestration of, in France, 
 
 1848, 1. 28 influence of, on wages, 
 &c, lvi. 19 expenditure on, 22 in- 
 fluence of, on emigration, lvii. 65. 
 
 Railway committees, the decisions of the, 
 
 VII. xlii. 6. 
 Railway companies, rapid increase of, in 
 
 France, VI. xxxiv. 7. 
 Railway crisis, losses of the middle 
 
 classes by the, VII. xliii. 120. 
 Railway lines, Aiago's report on, VI. 
 
 xxxiv. 8. 
 Railway mania, extension of the, to Ger- 
 
 mauy, V. xxvii. 56 commencement 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 248 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Railway mania, continued. 
 
 of the, in France, xxxiii. 46 com- 
 mencement of the, in England, VII. 
 xlii. 2 effects of it on society, 3 and 
 on the public mind, 4 its benefits to 
 some classes, 5 effect of the specu- 
 lations in the country, 6 division in 
 landed interest occasioned by it, 7 
 its good effect on the labouring classes, 
 8. 
 
 Railway scheme, Lord George Ben- 
 tinck's, for Ireland, arguments for it, 
 VII. xliii. 54 and against it, 59 
 division, and reflections on it, 63. 
 
 Railway stations, destruction of the, 
 round Paris, 1848, VIII. 1. 4. 
 
 Railway system, rapid growth of the, in 
 England, IV. xxii. 62 its great and 
 lasting monetary effects, 63 its moral 
 effects, 64 and political, 65 its evils 
 and dangers in the undue sway of the 
 capital, 66 its influence on great 
 cities, 67 its military results, 68 it 
 augments the means of defending 
 nations, 69 effects of, on commerce 
 and manufactures, VII. xlii. 9 indi- 
 rect benefit to working classes from, 
 10 magnitude and perfection of, in 
 Great Britain, xliii. 1 22 effects of, on 
 agriculture, VIII. lvi. 22 and on poli- 
 tical parties, 23. 
 
 Railway Times, picture of the crisis from 
 the, VII. xliii. 120 note. 
 
 Raincy, flight of the Duke of Orleans to, 
 IV. xxiv. 18. 
 
 Rains, severity of the, in Great Britain, 
 1838, VI. xxxvii. 36 the season of, in 
 India, xxxix. 10. 
 
 Rajgah, capture of fort of, by the British, 
 VI. xl. 87 evacuated, S8. 
 
 Raleigh, Sir Walter, the prose of, V. 
 xxviii. 41. 
 
 Ralfe, Mr, soli< i tor- general, 1835, VI. 
 xxxv. 44 note. 
 
 Rambouillet, retreat of Charles X. to, 
 
 III. xvii. 90 his abdication there, 91 
 march of che revolutionists on, 91, 92. 
 
 Ramel, general, murder of, I. iii. 34. 
 Ramgurh, capture of, by the British, VI. 
 
 xxxix. 42. 
 Ramnuggur, battle of, VIII. xlix. 97 
 
 et scr/. 
 Ramond, M., made a councillor of state, 
 
 I. vi. 82. 
 Ramoo, defeat of the British at, VI. 
 
 xxxix. <n . 
 Ramorino, general, defeat of Rosen by, 
 
 IV. xx vi. 88 retreats into Austria, 
 92 forces under, VIII. Iii. 89 move- 
 ments of, 91. 
 
 llamree, cession of, to the British, VI. 
 xxxix. 72. 
 
 Randon, general, war minister, VIII. Ivii. 
 37. 
 
 Rangoon, capture of, by the British, VI. 
 xxxix. 57 successes of the British 
 near, 60 siege of, by the Burmese, 
 63 victories of the British before it, 
 64 road to Puna from, VIII. xlix. 
 113 note storming of, 115. 
 
 Rank, peculiarities of, in Russia, II. viii. 
 23 privileges of, the first French re- 
 volution directed against, IV. xxiv. 1. 
 
 Ranke, the works of, V. xxviii. 49. 
 
 Rapatel, general, operations of, in Al- 
 geria, V. xxxiii. 105. 
 
 Raphael, Lamartine's, III. xviii. 26. 
 
 Raphael frigate, captured by the Turks, 
 III. xv. 116. 
 
 Raphoe, bill abolishing bishopric of, V. 
 xxxi. 45 note. 
 
 Rapp, general, made a peer, I. vi. 96 
 appointment of, to the household, II. 
 ix. 91. 
 
 Rapp, new sect headed by, in Prussia, V. 
 xxvii. 75. 
 
 Raptee, advance of the British to, VI. 
 xxxix. 44. 
 
 Raspail, M., demanded as counsel by the 
 prisoners for treason, V. xxxiii. 19 a 
 leader of the Socialist demonstration, 
 VIII. 1. 52, 54 a party to insurrec- 
 tion of May 15th, 70 appointed by 
 mob to provisional government, 73 
 votes for, as president, li. 29. 
 
 Rastadt, surrender of the Baden in- 
 surgents at, VIII. liii. 83. 
 
 Rateau, M., proposition of, for dissolu- 
 tion of Assembly, VIII. Ivii. 11 
 carried, 14. 
 
 Rathcormack, riot at, V. xxxi. 158. 
 
 Rationalism, rise of, in Germany, V. 
 xxviii. 68. 
 
 Rattrav, Mr, murder of, at Charekar, VI. 
 xl. 114. 
 
 Rausch, the works of, V. xxviii. 76. 
 
 Rautre, trial and execution of, for the 
 Rochelle conspiracy, II. xi. 21. 
 
 Ravee river, the, VIII. xlix. 52. 
 
 Ravenna, capture of, by the papal troops. 
 V. xxix. 27. 
 
 Ravez, M., I. vi. 3 elected president of 
 the Deputies in 1819, II. ix. 26 
 again, 1823, xii. 58 and again, 1824, 
 III. xvi. 14 outvoted for the presi- 
 dentship, 1828, 76. 
 
 Raw materials, proposed reduction of 
 duties on, VII. xli. 47 Sir R. Peel on 
 reduction of duties on, xlii. 48. 
 
 Rawlinson, major, political agent in 
 Candahar, V I. xl. 95 Kir Henry, 98 
 orders from Macnaghten to, regard- 
 ing the troops at Candahar, 113 pro- 
 ceedings of, in Candahar, VIII. xlviii. 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 249 
 
 72 measures for security of Can- 
 dahar, 74 defence of it in Nott's 
 absence, 76 urges co-operation with 
 England, 78. 
 
 Rayneval, M. de, interim foreign minister, 
 III. xvi. 83. 
 
 Razen, the, revolt of, VIII. liv. 42 op- 
 posed to the Magyars, 46. 
 
 Reaction, rapidity of, in modern times, 
 I. i. 54 as the characteristic of 
 modern French literature, Ill.xviii. 2. 
 
 Read, general, defeat of cavalry under, 
 
 III. xv. 44. 
 
 Real Basso, capture of, by the Sicilian 
 
 insurgents, VIII. lii. 19. 
 Real de Monte Mining Company, the, III. 
 
 xix. 66 note. 
 Realised capital, increased influence of, 
 
 IV. xxiii. 4. 
 
 Reancy, M., circular to the electors by, 
 184G, VII. xlvi. 33. 
 
 Rebecca riots, the, VII. xli. 82 increase 
 of them, 83 their termination, and 
 bill removing their cause, 84. 
 
 Rebellions, frequency of, in China, VIII. 
 xlviii. 15. 
 
 Recamier, madame, II. xi. 12. 
 
 Recart, M., presides at reform banquet 
 at Chatillon, VII. xliv. 32 minister of 
 public works under Cavaignac, VIII. 
 1. 97 note. 
 
 Reciprocity, definition of real, III. xix. 
 34 advantages which would ensue to 
 India from, VI. xxxix. 18. 
 
 Reciprocity system, the, Lord Liverpool 
 on, II. x. 66 begun by Huskisson, 
 III. xix. 20 introduction of, 23 
 arguments in favour of it, 24 et seq. 
 and against it, 27 effects of, 29 its 
 effects on British and foreign ship- 
 ping, 30 on that of the Baltic powers, 
 31 its failure to increase exports, 33 
 cause of its failure, 34, 35 influ- 
 ence of, on British shipping, VIII. lvi. 
 17 and note. 
 
 Reciprocity treaties, countries with which 
 concluded, III. xix. 29. 
 
 Recourt, a revolutionary leader, 1847, 
 
 VII. xlvii. 18. 
 
 Recruits, inefficiency of, shown in Aff- 
 ghanistan, VI. xl. 139 annual number 
 of, in the army, VII. xliii. 23. 
 
 Recruiting, new law of, proposed in 
 France, I. vi. 46 et seq. discussion on 
 it, 48 et seq it is passed, 54. 
 
 Recult, M., minister of interior, 1848, 
 
 VIII. 1. 69 note. 
 
 Red Sea route to India, opening of the, 
 
 VI. xl. 13. 
 Red Sea, Crossing of the, by Martin, I. v. 
 
 95. 
 Redschid Effendi, III. xv. 11. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Redschid Pacha, siege of Missolonghi 
 assigned to, III. xiv. 119 invests 
 Missolonghi, 121 siege and capture 
 of Missolonghi by, 129 et seq. defeat 
 of the Greeks near Athens by, 149 
 assumes the command against the 
 Russians, and bis first movements, xv. 
 117 combats of Eski-Arnautlar, and 
 retires to Schumla, 118 again ad- 
 vances on Pravadi, 120 his subse- 
 quent movements, 123 battle of 
 Kouleftscha, 124 retreats to Schumla, 
 and his losses, 127 demonstrations 
 against, in -Schumla, 130 movements 
 of, after passing the Balkan, 132 ap- 
 pointed to command against Ibrahim 
 Pacha, V. xxxii. 13 forces under him, 
 16 battle of Konieh, 17 et seq. its 
 results, 20 language of Admiral 
 Roussin to, 1838, 46. 
 
 Reduction, danger of England in 1841 
 from the passion for, V. xxxii. 81 
 undue extent of, in India after Burmese 
 war, VI. xl. 1. 
 
 Redwitz, the poems of, V. xxviii. 38. 
 
 Reform, effects of, in Ireland, IV. xx. 
 18 effects of, in inducing free trade, 
 xxi. 169 growing passion for, in 
 Great Britain, xxii. 1 fostered by the 
 want of representation for the com- 
 mercial towns, 2 by the interests of 
 the boroughs being now at variance 
 with those of the country, 3 by the 
 effects of the contraction of the cur- 
 i - ency, 4 by the success of the Catho- 
 lic agitation, 5 desire of, promoted 
 by Catholic emancipation, 7 by the 
 effect of the suppression of small notes, 
 8 the cry for, caused by the con- 
 traction of the currency and general 
 distress, 41 the Whigs generally dis- 
 inclined to it, 42 motions on it dur- 
 ing session of 1830, 43 Lord Grey's 
 declaration on, 1830, 72 Wellington's 
 against it, 73 Brougham's plan of, 75 
 importance of Wellington's declara- 
 tion against, xxiii. 5 consistency of 
 Earl Grey on, 7 Earl Grey's official 
 declaration on, 24 the passion for, as 
 induced by the fall of prices, 129 
 how this ensued, 130 the Duke of 
 Wellington's declaration against, and 
 its effects, 141 error of the Whigs in 
 forcing it on at that time, 142. 
 
 Reform, general demand for, in France, 
 VII. xliv. 20 Arago's speech on, 24 
 et seq. answer of Thiers, 28 reflec- 
 tions on the debate, 30 debate on, 
 1841, and its refusal in the Deputies, 
 56 debate on, in the Council of State, 
 67 movement in favour of it in the 
 Deputies, 68 arguments against it, 69 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 250 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Reform, continued. 
 
 and for it, 76 reflections on the 
 debate, 78 general coalition in favour 
 of, 1847, xlvii. 15, 16 discussion on, 
 1848, 26, 28 et seq. banquet in favour 
 of, resolved on, 42 resolution of the 
 King against it, ib. preparations 
 for banquet, 44 compromise pro- 
 posed, ib. 
 
 Reform, increasing demands for, in 
 Prussia, V. xxvii. 76. 
 
 Reform agitation, effect of the firmness 
 of the Conservatives during, V. xxxi. 
 6 general distress which followed 
 the, 55 effect of the, on the West 
 India question, 87. 
 
 Reform banquets, succession of, VII. 
 xliv. 31 that at Chatillon, 32. 
 
 Reform bill, the, the result of low prices 
 and general distress, IV. xxi. 19 in- 
 duced by Catholic emancipation, 168 
 Earl Grey misled as to the effects 
 of, xxiii. 10 committee on, 30 feel- 
 ings in the country, and petitions on 
 it, 31 brought into the House, 32 
 arguments in favour of it, 33 et seq. 
 its details, 42 feeling in the House, 
 46 arguments against it, 47 leave 
 granted to bring it in, 54 agitation on 
 it, 55 petition from the London mer- 
 chants against it, 56 majority of one 
 for second reading, 57 delusions 
 among the people regarding, 70 ex- 
 amples of resistance to these, 71 
 king's speech, 72 majority for second 
 reading, 73 discussion on particular 
 boroughs, 74 motion to give mem- 
 bers to colonies, 75 motion on <50 
 tenants, 76 third reading carried, 77 
 efforts to intimidate the Peers, 78 
 Earl Grey's speech in the Peers, 79 
 thrown out in the Peers, SI intro- 
 duction of the new, 93 its increased 
 democratic character, 94 division on 
 it, and Peel's speech against it, 95 
 majority on third reading, and Lord 
 John Russell's closing declaration, 96 
 resolution to create peers, 101, 102 
 negotiations with the waverers, 103 
 meetings to coerce the Peers, 104 
 majority for second reading in Peers, 
 1 05 and for Lord Lyndhurst's amend- 
 ment, 106 resignation of ministers 
 and further proceedings, 107 et acq. 
 circular of the king to the opposition 
 peers to withdraw their opposition, 
 113 danger of civil war from its re- 
 jection, 114 passes and receives the 
 royal assent, 115 those for Scotland 
 and Ireland passed, 110 effects of 
 these, 117 and of the bill generally, 
 118 its results on the imperial par- 
 
 The L 
 
 liament,119 on our external relations, 
 120 and on internal and social state, 
 121 the great emigration due ulti- 
 mately to it, 122 an effect of the in- 
 crease of realised wealth, 128 error 
 in the estimate of its effects, 135 
 predominance given to shopkeepers 
 by, 136 error committed in its sys- 
 tem of uniform representation, 143 
 failure of, to give repi - esentation to 
 the colonies, 146 labour unrepre- 
 sented under, 150 intelligence and 
 education unrepresented under, 151 
 increase of corruption under it, 154 
 fault of the liberals in the way it was 
 carried, 156 faults on both sides in 
 connection with, 159 has strength- 
 ened government by enlarging its 
 basis, 161 political truth evolved by, 
 166 danger of the country on the 
 passing of, V. xxxi. 1 power given to 
 the Whigs by, 3 moderation of the 
 government after the passing of it, 
 and its effect, 7 the registration of 
 electors under, 24 first elections un- 
 der it, and their result, 26 character 
 of the House elected, 28 et seq. effects 
 of, on the foreign relations of the 
 country, xxxiii. 80 Peel's declaration 
 on it, 1835, VI. xxxv. 17 experien- 
 ced failure of, xxxvii. 3 new, for 
 Ireland, and its fate, xxxviii. 41 the 
 fall of the Whigs due to, 60 how it 
 destroyed the supremacy of England, 
 61 merit of Peel's opposition to, VII. 
 xli. 8 preponderance given to the 
 commercial interest by, xlii. 87 
 the Whig party destroyed by, xliii. 2 
 causes which forced it on and gave 
 it its sweeping character, 3 proof of 
 its having disfranchised the colonies, 
 21 Lord George Bentinck's. support 
 of, 65 colonial discontent produced 
 by the results of, VIII. lvi. 45. 
 
 Reform Club, subscription at the, for 
 reform, IV. xxiii. 66. 
 
 Reform excitement, reaction from the, 
 VI. xxxv. 45. 
 
 Reform mania, influence of the cholera 
 in checking the, V. xxxi. 9. 
 
 Reform ministry, the, effect of the 
 moderation of, V. xxxi. 7 reflec- 
 tions on the fall of, 161 their merit 
 in resisting further change, 162 
 review of their career, 163. 
 
 Reform movement, the, headed by the 
 aristocracy, V. xxxi. 5. 
 
 Reform party, divisions in the, V. xxxi. 
 157. 
 
 lleform passion, objects to which di- 
 rected, IV. xxiv. 1. 
 
 lleform petitions, the, IV. xxiii. 55. 
 
 avje Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 251 
 
 Reforaiateur, prosecution of the, V. 
 xxxiii. 24. 
 
 Reformation, the, amnesty in Prussia on 
 300th anniversary of, V. xxvii. 61 in- 
 fluence of, in Germany, V. xxviii. 67 
 effects of, on pauperism in Scotland, 
 VII. xlii. 26 et seq. spread of, in 
 Prussia, VIII. liii. 4. 
 
 Reforme, the, on the proposed reform 
 procession, &c, VII. xlvii. 48. 
 
 Reformed clergy in Russia, the, II. viii. 
 22 note. 
 
 Reformed parliament, the elections for 
 the, V. xxxi. 26. 
 
 Reformers, the, and Conservatives, clear 
 division of, IV. xxiii. 54 division 
 among, from the greatness of their 
 triumph, V. xxxi. 127. 
 
 Refugees, foreign, true principles of 
 legislation regarding, IV. xx. 30 ex- 
 pulsion of the, from Cracow, V. xxxiii. 
 61 organisation, &c. of, in Switzer- 
 land, 67 measures of France and 
 Austria against the, 68 opening of 
 letters of, by Sir James Graham, VII. 
 xlii. 3 1 number, &c. of, in Switzer- 
 land, xlvi. 90. 
 
 Refugee question, reflections on the, V. 
 xxxiii. 69. 
 
 Regency, overthrow of the, in Portugal, 
 II. vii. 96 establishment of new, 97 
 establishment and proceedings of, 
 in Spain, xi. 73 their flight, 76. 
 
 Regency, debate on a, in the event of 
 William IV. 's death, IV. xxii. 54. 
 
 Regency question, debate on the, in 
 France, after the death of the Due 
 d'Orleans, VII. xliv. 83 et seq. 
 
 Regent Street, London, the architecture 
 of, I. v. 87. 
 
 Regent's Park, the architecture of, I.v.87. 
 
 Reggio, democratic insurrection in, 
 1830, IV. xxv. 26. 
 
 Regicides, continued exclusion of the, 
 from France, II. ix. 8 discussion and 
 excitement regarding it, 12, 13. 
 
 Regis, colonel, heads the revolutionists 
 at Alessandria, II. vii. 119. 
 
 Registration bill, the, passed, VI. xxxvi. 
 48. 
 
 Registration of electors act, results of 
 the, V. xxxi. 24. 
 
 Registration courts, the struggle in the, 
 V. xxxi. 24. 
 
 Regnault on the banquet agitation, VII. 
 xlvii. 24. 
 
 Regnault, colonel, murder of, VIII. 1. 
 91, 95. 
 
 Regnault de PAngely, general, minister- 
 at-war, VIII. lvii. 34. 
 
 Reichstadt, duke of (Napoleon's son), 
 character and death of, V. xxx. 12. 
 
 Reid, major, force under, VIII. xlviii. 
 
 77 at Meanee, xlix. 15. 
 Reidi, defeat of the Neapolitans at, II. 
 
 viii. 78. 
 Reigate, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 
 note. 
 Reille, general, made a peer, I. vi. 96. 
 Reizig, count, VIII. liv. 50. 
 Relatives by Affinity, Goethe's, V. xxviii. 
 
 12. 
 Religion, increasing influence of, in 
 
 Europe, I. i. 74 state of, in Russia, 
 
 II. viii. 22 undue representation of, 
 in France, ix. Ill division caused 
 by, in the Turkish empire, III. xiii. 8 
 absence of the restraints of, in the 
 towns of France, xvii. 121 influence 
 of Chateaubriand's writings in favour 
 of, xviii. 11 Popish, effects of, in Ire- 
 land, IV. xx. 8 character of, in Ger- 
 many, and its origin, V. xxviii. 67 
 separation of education from, in 
 France, VII. xliv. 12 state, &c. of, in 
 China, VIII. xlviii. 16 Proudhon's 
 views on, li. 3 disunion from, in 
 Germany, liii. 2 provisions of Aus- 
 trian constitution regarding, Iv. 2. 
 
 Religious belief, impossibility of unity 
 of, IV. xxi. 162. 
 
 Religious differences, not a ground of 
 political exclusion, IV. xxi. 161 
 they are unavoidable, 162. 
 
 Religious disputes, origin, &c. of the, 
 in Switzerland, VII. xlvi. 92. 
 
 Religious dissent, unavoidable, IV. xxi. 
 162. 
 
 Religious education, measures for, ' in 
 Fiance, VII. xlvi. 5 debate on it, 6 
 et seq. 
 
 Religious faith, relations of, to national 
 character, II. vii. 13. 
 
 Religious feeling, prevalence and power 
 of, in Russia, II. viii. 19. 
 
 Religious instruction, difficulties arising 
 from, in the education question, II. x. 
 59. 
 
 Religious jealousy, absence of, in French 
 revolution of 1848, VIII. 1. 18. 
 
 Religious parties, indifference of, to 
 strikes, Vi. xxxvii. 58. 
 
 Religious societies of women, law regard- 
 ing, in France, III. xvi. 34. 
 
 Religious toleration, agitation in Ger- 
 many for, 1846, V. xxvii. 75 preva- 
 lence of, in India, VI. xl. 11. 
 
 Religious Wars, Lacretelle's History of, 
 
 III. xviii. 38. 
 
 Remusat, M., arguments of, for the 
 abolition of the hereditary peerage, 
 
 IV. xxv. 91 minister of interior 
 under Thiers, VI. xxxiv. 73 note 
 at the last council of Louis Philippe, 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 252 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Remusat, M., continued. 
 
 VII. xlvii. 65 votes against revision 
 
 of constitution, VIII. Ivii. 40. 
 Rendsburg, meeting of the estates of 
 
 Scbleswig at, VIII. liii. 37 captured 
 
 by the Prussians, 38. 
 Rennes, reactionary meeting at, VIII. 
 
 Ivii. 10. 
 Renueville, M. de, III. xvi. 10. 
 Rennie, the engineer, I. v. 39. 
 Rennion, the marquis de la, appointed 
 
 governor of Cadiz, II. xi. 44. 
 Rennold, M., motion by, against Louis 
 
 Napoleon, VIII. Ivii. 35. 
 Rent, effect of over-population in raising, 
 
 in Ireland, IV. xx. 4. 
 Rent-charge, proposed substitution of, 
 
 for tithes in Ireland, V. xxxi. 13, 14, 
 
 15. 
 Rental, total annual, of Ireland, IV. xx. 
 
 17 increase of, in Dublin since the 
 
 Union, V. xxxi. 124 note. 
 Repeal agitation, commencement of the, 
 
 in Ireland, VII. xli. 67 the monster 
 
 meetings, and language used at them, 
 
 68, 69 measures of government, 70 
 
 the Clontarf meeting stopped, and 
 
 O'Connell arrested, 71 effects of 
 
 these proceedings, 74. 
 Repeal Association, organisation of the, 
 
 VII. xli. 67 arrest of the leaders of 
 the, 71 their trial and sentence, 
 72. 
 
 Representation, the working classes ex- 
 cluded from the, in France, III. xvii. 
 133 want of, for the great commer- 
 cial towns, IV. xxii. 2 dangers of 
 uniform, xxiii. 49 system of, under 
 the old constitution of England, 123 
 right of- the manufacturing towns 
 to, 138, 139 varied, secured through 
 the nomination boroughs, 145 sys- 
 tem of, in the provincial estates of 
 Prussia, V. xxvii. 37 extension of, de- 
 mands of the estates of Prussia for, 74 
 substitution of delegation for, under 
 the reform bill, xxxi. 25 danger of 
 basing it on numbers, VI. xxxvi. 18 
 claims of Canada for, xxxvii. 94 
 division of parties in, in Germany, 
 
 VIII. liii. 9 by classes, effects of, in 
 Prussia, 106. 
 
 Representatives, paid, one of the points 
 of the charter, VI. xxxvii. 63. 
 
 Representatives, House of, demands of 
 the Canadian revolutionists regarding 
 the, VI. xxxvii. 77. 
 
 Representative Assemblies, establish- 
 ment of, in Hanover, Baden, &c, V. 
 xxvii. 17 establishment of, in the 
 colonies, VII 1. Ivi. 45. 
 
 Representative government, selection of 
 
 ThcL 
 
 ministiy under a, III. xvii. 100 
 pledge of the Prussian government re- 
 garding, V. xxvii. 15 delay in re- 
 deeming this, 16 final act of the 
 Germanic Diet regarding, 33 its 
 effect, 34 establishment of, in Prus- 
 sia, 77. 
 
 Representative institutions, general long- 
 ing for, I. i. 56 their general failure, 
 ib. doubts which this has excited, 
 57 their effect in Great Britain, 58 
 and in America, 59 doubts as to the 
 wisdom of, 63 on their real character, 
 64 thorough establishment of, in 
 France, II. ix. 5. 
 
 Representative system, the, entire failure 
 of, in Poland, II. viii. 11 defects of, 
 in France, ix. 110 causes of the 
 difficulties of, IV. xxiii. 126 in the 
 kingdom of the Netherlands, xxiv. 69. 
 
 Republic, Chateaubriand on the impos- 
 sibility of a, IV. xxiv. 35 movement 
 for a, after the Lyons insurrection, V. 
 xxix. 18. 
 
 Republicans, the, views of, in the con- 
 spiracy of 1815, I. iii. 123 their 
 views, 1830, in France, III. xvii. 101, 
 102 after the fall of Charles X., and 
 their chances of success, IV. xxiv. 
 8 meeting and proceedings of, at the 
 Hotel de Ville, 15 meeting of, at 
 Lointiers', 21 their proceedings at 
 the Hotel de Ville, 22 opposition of, 
 to the Duke of Orleans, 28 inter- 
 view between, and the Duke of 
 Orleans, 33 efforts of, against Louis 
 Philippe, 41 their estimate of Louis 
 Philippe, 5 1 denunciations of La- 
 fayette by, xxv. 16 views of, regard- 
 ing Belgium, 23 discontent of, under 
 Louis Philippe, 35 extravagances 
 adopted by, 40 renewed efforts of, 
 after the Lyons insurrection, and their 
 leaders, V. xxix. 18 renewed conspi- 
 racies among, in France, 23 results 
 of Louis Philippe's victory over, xxx. 
 1 state and views of, after the defeat 
 of St Mori, 1 1 opposition of, to the 
 fortification of Paris, 16 organisation 
 of secret societies by, in France, 41, 
 42 losses of, by the elections of 
 1834, 58 on the failure of the revo- 
 lution of 1830, 61 repeated defeats 
 of, to 1834 in France, xxxiii. 1 
 changed views of, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 
 43 objects of, 1S47, VII. xlvii. 18 
 strength of, in Paris, 1848, 49. 
 
 Republicans, conspiracy of, at Cadiz, II. 
 xi. 68. 
 
 Republican institutions, necessity of, to 
 colonial settlements. I. i. 71. 
 
 Republican party, the, in the Broglie 
 
 cu-ijc Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 253 
 
 ministry, IV. xxv. 2 their views, 
 ib. 
 
 Republican press, the, strength of, in 
 France, 1831, V. xxix. 20 violence of, 
 in Paris, 1833-4, xxx. 31 attacks on 
 Thiers by, 1840, VI. xxxiv. 76. 
 
 Republican states, aggressive character 
 of, VII. xli. 96. 
 
 Republicanism, repression of, by Chlo- 
 picki, in Poland, IV. xxvi. 25 new 
 laws regarding avowal of, in France, 
 V. xxxiii. 43 increasing, in France, 
 1842, VII. xliv. 80. 
 
 Republique Universelle, Egalite", Frater- 
 nite, secret society called, V. xxx. 42 
 note. 
 
 Repudiation, origin of, in the United 
 States, VI. xxxvii. 32. 
 
 Restoration, the, peculiarities of France 
 duriug, I. i. 5 the first, state, &c. of 
 France during, iii. 3 cause of the fall 
 of the government of, II. xi. 26 
 danger to the government of, from the 
 Spanish revolution, xii. 1 progress of 
 France under, III. xvii. 35 et seq. - 
 reflections on the fall of, 99 vehe- 
 ment opposition to the government of, 
 113 it identified with the national 
 disasters, 115 literature of France 
 during, xviii. 1 Chateaubriand's in- 
 fluence on, 8 repeated degradations 
 of the peerage under, IV. xxv. 105 
 results of the overthrow of the govern- 
 ment of, V. xxx. 59. 
 
 Resumption of cash payments, causes 
 which led to it, II. x. 14 dangers 
 with which attended, 17 disastrous 
 effects of the act for, 21 debate on, 
 1821, 100 discussion on, 1822, 131 
 et seq. political changes in progress 
 from, 15S fall of prices on, III. xix. 2. 
 
 Retainers, multitude of, in Turkey, III. 
 xiii. 33. 
 
 Retiring allowances, importance of, to 
 aged officers, VI. xl. 145. 
 
 Retrenchment, undue extent of, in 
 India after Burmese war, VI. xl. 1. 
 
 Reuss, i-epresentation of. in the Diet, V. 
 xxvii. 4 note population and military 
 contingent, 5 note. 
 
 Revenge, the, at Acre, V. xxxii. 72. 
 
 Revenue, the, rise of, in Great Britain, 
 between 1792 and 1815, I. ii. 2 rise 
 of, in 1818, iv. 31 falling off of, 
 in Great Britain in 1819, 56 im- 
 provement of the Polish, under Russia, 
 
 II. viii. 9 the French, statistics of, 
 1816 to 1822, ix. 4 note the Turkish, 
 
 III. xiii. 31 British, 1820-5, xix. 8 
 note influence of the revolution of 
 1830 on, in France, IV. xxv. 35 
 amount of, derived from West Indies, 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 V. xxxi. 91 how raised in India, VI. 
 xxxix. 23 Great Britain, effects of the 
 distress of 1841, &c. on, VII. xli. 17 
 France, 1840 to 1847, xliv. 2 note- 
 increasing deficit, 5. See Finances. 
 Reveries Politiques, Louis Napoleon's, 
 
 V. xxxiii. 75. 
 
 Reviews, the modern, and their essays, 
 
 I. v. 42 want of, in France, III. xviii. 
 73. 
 
 Revocation of Edict of Nantes, perma- 
 nent effects of the, II. xi. 26. 
 
 Revolution, effects of the alliance of 
 France and England on, I. i. 8 of 
 1848, calamitous effects of, 18 its ex- 
 treme violence in Germany, 19 of 
 1848, dangers accruing from, 23 its 
 effects on the cause of freedom, 24 
 rapidity of reaction against the, 54 
 the Spanish, of 1820, reflections on, 
 
 II. vii. 71 general character of, 122 
 causes of its failure, 123 effects of, on 
 the Emperor Alexander, viii. 68 
 effects of the Spanish, in France and 
 Europe, xii. 1 wars of, in the West, 
 
 III. xiii. 1 the thirst for, in France, 
 xvii. 99 the passions of, opposed to 
 peace, 116, 117 destruction of com- 
 mercial capital during the, 131 of 
 1688, contrasted with the French, 136 
 effects of, on the literature of France, 
 xviii. 1 reaction against, in France, 2 
 of 1848, Lamartine's history of, 25 
 Thiers' history of, 35 Michelet's 
 history of, 40 facilities of, in France, 
 its effects on the daily press, 76 
 effect of Peel's administration in 1835 
 in averting, VI. xxxv. 46 reaction 
 against, in Fiance, VIII. lvii. 10. See 
 also French Revolution. 
 
 Revolution newspaper, a republic advo- 
 cated by the, V. xxix. 20. 
 
 Revolutionary governments, reason of 
 the rigour of, V. xxxiii. 124. 
 
 Revolutionary passions, strength of the, 
 in Switzerland, VII. xlvi. 89. 
 
 Revolutionary spirit, simultaneous out- 
 break of, in 1819-20, II. x. 162. 
 
 Revolutionary war, resume of the, I. i. 1 
 effects of the expansion of the cur- 
 rency during, 34 influence of, on 
 Germany, V. xxvii. 80 its effect in 
 increasing the passion for freedom, 81. 
 
 Revolutionists, policy of the, in Switzer- 
 land, VII. xlvi. 91. 
 
 Revuedes Deux Mondes, the, III. xviii. 73. 
 
 Revue Francaise, essays by Guizot in the, 
 
 VI. xxxiv. 12. 
 
 Rey, colonel, during the revolt of 17th 
 
 March, VIII. 1. 54. 
 Reybell, general, at meeting in favour of 
 
 Louis Napoleon, VIII. lvii. 46. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 254 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Reynell, general, at the assault of Bhurt- 
 pore, VI. xxxix. 83, 84. 
 
 Reynell, Sir Thomas, on the character of 
 the Sepoys, VI. xxxix. 78. 
 
 Rheims, coronation of Charles X. at, III. 
 xvi. 36 Louis Napoleon at, 1850, 
 VIII. lvii. 29. 
 
 Rhenish Bavaria, address from, against 
 the measures of the Diet, V. xxvii. 50 
 note societies for liberty of the press 
 in, xxx. 23. 
 
 Rhenish Mercury, suppression of the, V. 
 xxvii. 17. 
 
 Rhenish Prussia, despotic measures of 
 government in, V. xxvii. 17 remon- 
 strances of the local assemblies, and 
 answer of the king, 18 excitement 
 in, on the arrest of the archbishop of 
 Cologne, 59 states of, demand of the 
 freedom of the press by, 65 petitions 
 for the States-general from, 71- visit 
 of Queen Victoria to, 74 increasing 
 demands for reform in, 76 views of 
 the Belgian republicans on, VI. xxxiv. 
 22. 
 
 Rhine, the, agreement with Russia for 
 extending the French frontier to, III. 
 xvii. 49 scheme for advancing France 
 to, 118 political reasons for this, 119 
 fortresses of, provisions of the Diet 
 regarding, V. xxvii. 5 regulations re- 
 garding the free navigation of, 41 
 proposed railway between the Mediter- 
 ranean and, VII. xliv. 79. 
 
 Rhode Island, statistics of banks in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 7 note. 
 
 Rhodes, population of, III. xiii. 32 note 
 the conquest of, by the Turks, 34 
 still excluded from Greece, V. xxxii. 35. 
 
 Rhone, the, inundation of, 1841, VII. 
 xliv. 52 department of, additions to 
 direct taxes in, VIII. 1. 29. 
 
 Ribbon societies, powerlessness of the 
 law against, 1823, IV. xx. 20. 
 
 Ribbonism, origin, &c. of, in Ireland, II. 
 vii. 104 increase of, in Ireland, VI. 
 xxxvii. 50. 
 
 Ribbonmen, origin and objects of, in 
 Ireland, IV. xx. 13 suppression of 
 the, aimed at by the Catholic Associa- 
 tion, 27. 
 
 Bicardo, Mr, views of, on the resump- 
 tion of cash payments, I. iv. 79 the 
 works of, v. 38 speech of, on the 
 agricultural distress question, II. x. 72 
 ct seq. on the fall of prices, 128 re- 
 solutions on the agricultural distress 
 proposed by, 130 sliding scale pro- 
 posed by, IV. xxi. 77 on the fall of 
 prices occasioned by the resumption 
 of cash payments, VI. xxxvii. 42 note 
 the views of, adopted by Peel, VII. 
 
 xli. 5, 11 motion by, on the naviga- 
 tion laws, 1847, xliii. 85. 
 
 Rice, fall in, 1818 to 1822, II. x. 23 note 
 increased consumption of, during 
 railway mania, VII. xlii. 8 note. 
 
 Richards, colonel, successes of, against 
 the Burmese, VI. xxxix. 66. 
 
 Richards, lieutenant, at the battle of 
 Algiers, I. ii. 78. 
 
 Richardson, the novels of, I. v. 68. 
 
 Richelieu, the duke de, appointed to the 
 king's household in 1815, I. iii. 9 be- 
 comes premier, and his ministry, 42 
 sketch of his life, 43 his character, 
 44 views of, with regard to the 
 allies, 46 efforts of, for the escape of 
 the proscribed Napoleonists, 77 
 efforts of, for change of sentence on 
 Ney, 88 supposed privy to the escape 
 of Lavalette, 96 general amnesty 
 proclaimed by, 107 his arguments in 
 support of it, 109 views of, as to the 
 electoral law, 1 28 views of, as to the 
 ordinance of Sept. 5, 132 efforts of, 
 with regard to the indemnities, vi. 29 
 loan negotiated by, in 1817, 31 
 concordat proposed by, 57 on the 
 evacuation of France, and the settle- 
 ment of the indemnities, 59 repre- 
 sents France at Aix-la-Chapelle, 61 
 conversations of, with the Emperor 
 Alexander, 63 his proceedings at the 
 conference, 66 ct seq. feeling of, on 
 the elections of 1818, 75 difficulties 
 of, in the ministry, 77 breaking up 
 of his ministry, 78 offers his resigna- 
 tion, ib. resigns, 79 recompense 
 voted to him, but declined, 80 for- 
 mation of a new ministry by, II. ix. 
 44 arguments of, for the government 
 law of arrest, 54 rupture of, with the 
 Doctrinaires, 87 views and aims of, 
 90 on the result of the elections of 
 1820. 95 difficulties of, 1821, 105 
 fall of his ministry, 106 reflections 
 on the fall of his ministry, 108 op- 
 position of Chateaubriand to his 
 ministry, x. 6 note coalition by which 
 overthrown, xi. 13 course of, regard- 
 ing the slave trade, VII. xliv. 47. 
 
 Richelieu, dispersion of the Canadian 
 insurgents on the, VI. xxxvii. 82. 
 
 Richmond, the duke of, on the agricul- 
 tural disturbances in 1S30, IV. xxii. 
 70 postmaster-general in the Grey 
 ministry, xxiii. 6 resignation of, V. 
 xxxi. 129. 
 
 Richmond, colonel, VIII. xlviii. 98. 
 
 Richmond, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Richmond Lunatic Asylum, Dublin,grant 
 to the, IV. xx. 5 note. 
 
 Tfie Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 25; 
 
 Richter, Jean Paul, the novels of, V. 
 xxviii. 61. 
 
 Richter, the grenadiers of, during the 
 insurrection at Vienna, VIII. liv. 51, 
 53, 54. 
 
 Rickabashee fort, Cabul, storming of the, 
 VI. xl. 110. 
 
 Rico, the monk, a member of the Cortes 
 of 1822, II. xi. 51. 
 
 Ridley, Sir M. W., on the crisis of 1825, 
 III. xix. 82. 
 
 Riego, Raphael y Nunez de, sketch of 
 the career of, II. vii. 64 note heads 
 the revolt of the army at Cadiz, 64 
 movements of the insurgents under, 
 66 disasters sustained by him, 67 
 delivered by the revolution at Madrid, 
 73 appointed to command in the Isle 
 of Leon, 79 revolutionary measures 
 of, and his dismissal, 87 pension to 
 him, ib. made captain-general of 
 Aragon, 92 plot of, at Saragossa, and 
 his arrest, xi. 41 his arrest denounced 
 by the clubs, 44 elected to the Cortes 
 of 1822, and becomes its president, 51 
 as president of the Cortes, 54 - 
 urges attacking the insurgent guards, 
 65 at their attack on Madrid, 66 
 operations of, in the rear of the French 
 at Cadiz, 86 his defeat and capture, 
 87 efforts of, to rouse the population 
 against the French, xii. 80 trial and 
 sentence of, 93 his execution, 94. 
 
 Riga, population of, II. viii. 20 note. 
 
 Rigaudie, M. de la, I. iii. 62, III. xvi. 14. 
 
 Righetti, M., VIII. Iii. 80. 
 
 Right of search, question of the, between 
 England and America, VII. xli. 87 
 its adjustment, 88 mutual, agreed to 
 by France and England, xliv. 48, 50, 
 51 treaty with France regarding, xlvi. 
 12. 
 
 Rights of man, declaration of the, adopted 
 by the French republicans, V. xxx. 
 42. 
 
 Rights of Man, club of the, and the re- 
 volts, VIII. li. 2. 
 
 Rignaro, movement of, at Rome, VII. 
 xlvi. 72. 
 
 Rigny, Admiral de, naval force under, 
 III. xiv. 155 forces under, at Na- 
 varino, 160 the battle, 161 et seq. 
 declines the ministry of marine, xvi. 
 91 becomes minister of marine, IV. 
 xxv. 47 becomes minister of foreign 
 affairs, V. xxx. 40 made minister-at- 
 war, xxxiii. 5 resigns, ib. interim 
 war minister, 1834, 11. 
 
 Rio Janeiro, removal of the royal family 
 of Portugal to, and its effects, II. vii. 
 25 annual importation of slaves into, 
 VI. xxxvii. 118, VII. xliii. 14. 
 
 Rio de la Plata, reciprocity treaty with, 
 
 III. xix. 29 note. 
 Ripon, earl of, resignation of, V. xxxi. 
 
 129 president of board of trade, 1841, 
 
 VII. xli. 14 note on the recall of 
 Lord Ellenborough, VIII. xlix. 45. 
 
 Ripon, bill creating bishopric of, VI. 
 
 xxxv. 30. 
 Rippon, Mr, motion by, against the 
 
 bishops, VI. xxxvi. 23. 
 Riva, defeat of the Free Corps at, VIII. 
 
 Iii. 35. 
 Rivas, duke de, a member of the Spanish 
 
 committee in France, IV. xxiv. 66. 
 Rivers, regulations regarding navigation 
 
 of, in Germany, V. xxvii. 41 of India, 
 
 importance of, as means of irrigation, 
 
 VI. xxxix. 11. 
 
 Rivet, M., returned to National Assembly, 
 
 VIII. 1. 77. 
 
 Riviere, marquis de, made member of 
 Chamber of Peers, I. iii. 20 duke de, 
 a member of the Camarilla, III. xvi. 
 5 a leader of the Parti-pretre, 10 
 appointed comptroller of the house- 
 hold, 54 on the disbanding of the 
 National Guard, 64 attack on Villele 
 by, 72. 
 
 Rivoli, repulse of the Sardinians at, VIII. 
 Iii. 40 capture of, by the Sardinians, 
 58 repulse of the Austrians at, 65. 
 
 Roads, the want of, in Spain, and its 
 effects, II. vii. 10 want of, in Russia, 
 and effect of this on the cultivators, 
 
 VIII. 31 effects of the want of, in 
 
 Turkey, III. xiii. 26 want of, in 
 Asia Minor, 64 state of, in Greece, 
 80 expenditure on, in Ireland, 
 and their state, IV. xx. 11 grant 
 for, in France, 1833, V. xxx. 18 
 and note military, in Algeria, xxxiii. 
 7 state of, in Ireland, VII. xliii. 30 - 
 Indian, under Lord Dalhousie, VIII. 
 xlix. 113 and note. 
 
 Road trusts, consolidation of, in Wales, 
 
 VII. xli. 84 saving effected by this, 
 ib. note proposed new regulations re- 
 garding, 1846, VII. xlii. 50. 
 
 Roanne, railway to, VII. xliv. 43. 
 Robert le Diable, opera of, V. xxx. 7. 
 Robert Macaire, the popularity of, VI. 
 
 xxxiv. 11. 
 Roberts, captain, successes of, against 
 
 Shere Mahommed, VIII. xlix. 28. 
 Robertson, lord, supports right of able- 
 bodied poor to relief, VII. xlii. 29 
 
 note. 
 Robertson, the works of, prohibited in 
 
 Spain, II, vii. 45 comparison between, 
 
 and Guizot, III. xviii. 19. 
 Roberie, M. de, massacre of dependants 
 
 of, V. xxix. 49. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 256 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Robinson, Mr, arrangements of, 1823, 
 regarding the accounts of the national 
 debt, III. xix. 14 becomes chancellor 
 of the exchequer, 17 arguments of, 
 against the reciprocity system, 27 
 budget for 1825, 69 reductions . of 
 taxation, &c, 70 his arguments in 
 favour of reducing the duties on 
 spirits, 71 arguments of, for sup- 
 pression of small notes, IV. xxi. 5 
 on the small-note system in Scotland, 
 25 note created Viscount Goderich, 
 66. See Goderich. 
 
 Robinson, lieutenant, VIII. lvi. 71 note. 
 
 Robinson, Sir George, chief commis- 
 sioner at Canton, VIII. xlviii. 21. 
 
 Rocca d'Arco, surrendered to Austrians, 
 VIII. lii. 76. 
 
 Rocco d'Anio, capture of, by the insur- 
 gents, VIII. lii. 12. 
 
 Rochechouart, M. de la, presides at 
 Ney's execution, I. iii. 89. 
 
 Rochefort, peculations, &c. in naval de- 
 partment at, VII. xlvii. 10. 
 
 Rochefoucauld, M. de la, arguments of, 
 against change in the electoral law, I. 
 vi. 92 a member of the Council of 
 Agriculture, II. ix. 7 introduces Ma- 
 dame du Cayla to Louis XVIII., 47 
 share of the indemnity received by, 
 III. xvi. 32 death of, and riot at his 
 funeral, 61. 
 
 Rochefoucauld, Count Jules de, created 
 a peer, VI. xxxiv. 62. 
 
 Rochejaquelein, the Memoirs of, the 
 authorship of, III. xviii. 33. 
 
 Rochejaquelein, the count de la, II. xii. 
 99. 
 
 Rochelle, the conspiracy at, II. xi. 20. 
 
 Rockites, outrages, &c. of the, in Ireland, 
 1822, II. x. 119. 
 
 Rodrigues, M., trial of, V. xxx. 8. 
 
 Roebel, takes part with the Viennese 
 insurgents, VIII. liv. 65. 
 
 Roebuck, Mr, on the effect of distress 
 in inducing the call for reform, IV. 
 xxii. 4 on the disinclination of the 
 Whigs to reform, 42 on Brougham's 
 plan of reform, 75 note account of 
 O'Connell's proceedings in 1830, IV. 
 xxiii. 26 on the boroughs disfran- 
 chised by the reform bill, 30 anec- 
 dote by, regarding the reform bill, 46 
 note on the character, &c. of William 
 IV., 61 his account of the means by 
 which he was induced to dissolve 
 parliament, 62 et seq. on the debate 
 in the Peers on the reform bill, 79 
 on the king's aversion to a creation of 
 peers, 101 on the views of the ma- 
 jority regarding the bill, 103 on the 
 danger of civil war from rejection of 
 
 The L 
 
 the reform bill, 114 on Wellington's 
 withdrawal on the third reading of 
 the bill, 158 note motion by, against 
 the Lords, VI. xxxvi. 23 agent for 
 the Canadian Assembly, 29 attack on 
 the Melbourne ministry by, 57 mo- 
 tion by, on the case of the Vixen, 72 
 motion by, on affair of Don Paci- 
 fico, VIII. lvi. 59. 
 
 Roederer, M. pamphlet by, on the right 
 of the king as to the choice of his min- 
 isters, V. xxxiii. 12. 
 
 Roemer, M., VIII. liii. 90. 
 
 Roger, insurrection at Colmar under, II. 
 xi. 23. 
 
 Rogers, Samuel, the poems of, I. v. 18. 
 
 Roguet, general, attempts to fix tariff of 
 wages at Lyons, V. xxix. 8 forces 
 under, at Lyons, 1 his false security, 
 ib. efforts of, to bring about accom- 
 modation, 12 measures against the 
 insurgents, 13 compelled to retreat, 
 ib. reinforcements received by, and 
 joined by Soult, 16 operations of, 
 against the Moors, VII. xlv. 34. 
 
 Roland, a Polish general, retreat of, into 
 Prussia, IV. xxvi. 81. 
 
 Rolleston, Mr, dispersion of the Derby- 
 shire insurgents by, I. iv. 14. 
 
 Rolt, cornet, VIII. lvi. 71 note. 
 
 Romagna, disturbances in, 1830, and 
 entry of the Austrians, V. xxix. 26 
 renewed disturbances, 1832, and again 
 occupied by the Austrians, 27, 28 
 entry of the French, 29. 
 
 Romagosa, a royalist leader, II. xi. 60. 
 
 llomaldola, defeat of the Austrians at, 
 VIII. lii. 38. 
 
 Romans, conquests of the, over the 
 Arabs of Africa, V. xxxiii. 95. 
 
 Roman Catholics, the, effects of former 
 intolerance of, in France, III. xvii. 
 121 the Irish, their secret associa- 
 tions, IV. xx. 13, 14 the English, 
 bill for enfranchising, thrown out, 
 22, 28 proportion of, to Protestants, 
 in Ireland, 25 oppose the bill for re- 
 pressing the Catholic Association, 33 
 effects of the extension of the fran- 
 chise to, in Ireland, xxi. 112 in- 
 creased violence of the leaders in 
 Ireland, 126 the Irish, unworthy 
 spirit in which emancipation was re- 
 ceived by, 163 diminished ratio of, in 
 Ireland, 170 conflicts between, and 
 Protestants in Ireland, 1829, xxii. 19 
 effect of the preponderance of, in the 
 Germanic confederacy, V. xxvii. 85 
 attacks of the, on the Irish church, 
 and effects of these, xxxi. 8 resistance 
 of, to the government arrangement of 
 the tithe question, 1832, 17 numbers 
 
 irrje Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 257 
 
 of, in Ireland, 45 objects, &c. of, in 
 agitating for repeal of the Union, 114 
 views of the, in advocating repeal of 
 the Union, 126 their views after the 
 reform bill, 127 junction of, with 
 the liberals in Ireland, VI. xxxv. 21 
 alleged proportions of, in Ireland, 
 34 number of, in Ireland, xxxvi. 19 
 note discontent of the, in Lower 
 Canada, 27 exclusion of, from the 
 Irish corporations, 31 the Irish, mea- 
 sures to conciliate, 65 outcry among, 
 against the Irish secular colleges, VII. 
 xlii. 22 advantages of, from the en- 
 larged grant to Maynooth, 24 views 
 of Lord George Bentinck on the, xliii. 
 65 electoral circular to the, in France, 
 1846, xlvi. 33 the Swiss, measures of, 
 92 form the Sunderbund, 94 and 
 Protestants, disunion between, in Ger- 
 many, VIII. liii. 2 number of, Ger- 
 many, 5 note and Austria, ib. See 
 also Catholic emancipation, &c. 
 
 Roman Catholic ascendancy, effects of, 
 in Ireland, VI. xxxviii. 62. 
 
 Roman Catholic cantons, military pre- 
 parations of the, VII. xlvi. 96. 
 
 Roman Catholic clergj T , in Russia, num- 
 bers of, II. viii. 22 note effects of 
 their influence in Ireland in bringing 
 about Catholic emancipation, IV. xxi. 
 159 unanimity of, for repeal, VII. 
 xli. 69 position and movements of 
 the, in France, 1841, &c, xliv. 23 
 attempted encroachments of the, in 
 France, xlvi. 5 arguments against 
 them, 6 and answer of government, 
 8. 
 
 Roman Catholic faith, influence of, on 
 O'Connell's character, IV. xxi. 156 
 check given to, by Catholic emancipa- 
 tion, 160. 
 
 Roman Catholic members, dependence of 
 the ministry on the, VI. xxxvi. 3 
 resistance of, to the poor-Luv for Ire- 
 land, 62 oppose Lord George Ben- 
 tinck's railway scheme, VII. xliii. 63. 
 
 Roman Catholic missionaries, the, in 
 Tahiti, VII. xli. 98. 
 
 Roman Catholic party, conduct of the, 
 with regard to Ireland in supporting 
 free trade, VII. xlii. 91. 
 
 Roman Catholic priests, encouragement 
 of marriages by, in Ireland, IV. xxi. 
 164 objects of, in the temperance 
 movement, VII. xli. 65 effects of 
 education at Maynooth on the, xlii. 
 25. 
 
 Roman Catholic religion, effects of, in 
 Ireland, IV. xx. 8. 
 
 Romance, as the characteristic of modern 
 French literature, III. xviii. 2. 
 
 Romances, modern French, flagitious 
 character of, III. xviii. 5, V. xxx. 7 
 German, characteristics of, xxviii. 
 56. 
 
 Romance writers, modern French, III. 
 xviii. 69. 
 
 Romantic school of French literature, 
 character of the, III. xviii. 4. 
 
 Rome, influence of contraction of cur- 
 rency on, I. i. 33 paper circulation 
 in ancient, 34 note contributions 
 from France to, iii. 48 note Arnold's 
 History of, v. 66 concordat between 
 France and, 1817, vi. 27 failure of 
 the concordat with, 57 advantages of 
 her colonies to, II. vii. 3 bull from, 
 regarding contribution from Spanish 
 church, 47 revolutionary conspiracy 
 at, 117 adoption of a paper currency 
 by, during the Punic war, and cause of 
 her final fall, x. 6 introduction of 
 military despotism in ancient, III. 
 xvii. 99 influence exerted by the 
 court of, over the Irish voters, IV. 
 xxi. 113 the system of representa- 
 tion in, xxiii. 167 the king of (son 
 of Napoleon) xxiv. 9 revolutionary 
 excitement in, 1830, and death of the 
 pope, 87 Niebuhr's History of, V. 
 xxviii. 43 the court of, their advocacy 
 of repeal of the union in Ireland, xxxi. 
 126 representation by classes in, VI. 
 xxxvi. 18 cause of the decay of the 
 colonies of, xxxvii. 114 peculiarities 
 of the conquests of, xxxix. 2 nego- 
 tiations between France and, on the 
 Jesuits, VII. xlvi. 10 revolutionary 
 movement in, 72 enthusiasm in, on 
 the accession, &c. of Pius IX., 62, 65 
 general concourse of liberals at, 68 
 reception of Lord Minto at, 78 
 enthusiasm at, on Lord Minto's ar- 
 rival, 81 riot at, 83 embarrassment 
 of the French government from the 
 events in, VIII. li. 28 insult to the 
 pope at, lii. 2 effects of the French 
 revolution at, 3 change of ministry 
 in, 23 war declared against Austria, 
 24 excitement in, on the invasion of 
 Austria, 77 new ministry under 
 Rossi, 79 his murder, 80 revolution, 
 and flight of the Pope, 81 republic 
 proclaimed at, and defection of Swiss 
 Guards, 83 general confluence of in- 
 surgents at, 110 intervention of the 
 French, 111 its siege and capture, 
 112 et seq. proceedings of the French 
 Assembly regarding expedition to, 
 lvii. 16 return of the Pope to, 22. 
 Romilly, Sir S., efforts of, against the 
 seditious meetings act, I. iv. 13 ef- 
 forts of, for relaxation of the criminal 
 
 the Small to the Chajyter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 258 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Romilly, Sir S., continued. 
 
 code, 47 his death, 48 his charac- 
 ter, 49 the views of, on criminal law 
 adopted by Peel, VII. xii. 7. 
 
 Romilly, lady, I. iv. 48. 
 
 Romish church, effects of the fdliance of 
 the French royalists with the, II. xi. 
 26 reaction against the pretensions of 
 the, IV. xxi. 172. 
 
 Romish faith, effects of the, in Spain, II. 
 vii. 13. 
 
 Romish influence, beneficial effects of, in 
 Ireland after the reform bill, V. xxxi. 
 8. 
 
 Romney disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Itomorate, Don Jacinti, becomes minister 
 of marine, II. xi. 52. 
 
 Romorino, the attempt of, organised in 
 Switzerland, VII. xlvi. 90. 
 
 Romoro, a leader in the Cortes of 1820, 
 II. vii. 84. 
 
 Ronge, Johann, religious movement 
 headed by, V. xxvii. 73. 
 
 Ronge, M, a member of the Diet, VIII- 
 liii. 33. 
 
 Roostam Khan, Ameer of Khyrpore, 
 VIII. xlix. 8, 11. 
 
 Rosa, Martinez de la, in the Cortes of 
 1820, II. vii. 84 denounces the mur- 
 der of Vinuesa, xi. 34 new society 
 headed by,49 supports the law against 
 the press, 50 threatened by the mob, 
 ib. becomes prime-minister, 52. 
 
 Rosa, the tomb of Sultan Mahmoud at, 
 VIII. xlviii. S6. 
 
 Rosambo, madame, sister to Chateau- 
 briand, II. xi. note. 
 
 Rosamel, admiral, becomes minister of 
 marine, V. xxxiii. 71 note. 
 
 Rosamond, Kilmer's drama of, V. xxviii. 
 33. 
 
 Rosas, a revolutionary chief at La Plata, 
 VII. xlvi. 5.9. 
 
 Roscommon, disturbances in, 1831, IV. 
 xxiii. 72 agrarian outrages in, 18-10, 
 VII. xlii. 74, 70 note. 
 
 Rose, ensign, deatli of, VI. xl. 114. 
 
 Rosen, general, movements of, in Poland, 
 IV. xxvi. 47 at Grochow, 48, 49 
 defeat of, at Dembe, 62- and again at 
 Iganie, 00 defeat of, by Ramorino, 88 
 operations of, against Ityweki, 92. 
 
 Rospigliosi, the, movement of, at Rome, 
 VII. xlvi. 72. 
 
 Ross, the paintings of, I. v. .02. 
 
 Rosso, lord, the discoveries of, 1. v. 40. 
 
 Rossi, M., negotiations with Rome re- 
 garding the Jesuits, VII. xlvi. 10 - 
 French ambassador at Home, 02 op- 
 position of, to the Italian liberals. 08 
 views and policy of, 73 measures 
 
 The L 
 
 of, on the Austrian occupation of 
 Ferrara, 74 views of Guizot as ex- 
 pressed to, 77 counsels of, to the 
 Pope, 82 on the riot at Rome, 83 
 at the head of a commission for the 
 constitution in Rome, VIII. lii. 2 
 ministry of, at Rome, 79 his murder, 
 80. 
 Rossini, at Verona, during the congress, 
 
 II. xii. 14. 
 
 Rosslyn, lord, president of the council, 
 
 VI. xxxv. 10 note. 
 
 Rotarski, a Galliciau noble, death of, 
 
 VII. xlvi. 23. 
 
 Roth, general, corps under, 1S28, III. 
 xv. 30 note operations assigned to, 
 34 blockades Silistria, 47 abandons 
 the blockade of Silistria, 64 forces 
 under, 1829, 112 position of, 182.9, 
 117, 118 measures of, for defence 
 of Pravadi, 120 operations against 
 Redschid, 122 at battle of Kou- 
 leftscha, 125 passage of the Balkan 
 by, 131 forces of, in Volhynia, IV. 
 xxvi. 69 suppression of the insurrec- 
 tion in Podolia by, 70 defeat and 
 capture of, by the Hungarians, VIII. 
 liv. 50. 
 
 Rothenthurm, pass of, forced by the 
 Russians, VIII. Iv. 08. 
 
 Rotherhithe, first appearance of cholera 
 in, V. xxxi. 9. 
 
 Rothschild, Mr, at Aix-la-Chapelle, I. vi. 
 61 French loan taken by, 1824, II. 
 xii. 108 and 1817, VII. xlvii. 7 
 chateau of, sacked by the mob, 1848, 
 
 VIII. 1.4. 
 
 Rotteck, M., protest by, against the 
 coercion of the press in Germany, IV. 
 xxv. 32. 
 
 Ron -her, M., VIII. lvii. 44. 
 
 Roudschuck, loss in the assault of, III. 
 xiii. 50 the fortress of, 54. 
 
 Rouen, prosperous condition of, 1824, 
 
 III. xvi. 1 2 prosperity of cotton- 
 spinners of, IV. xxiv. 3 efforts of the 
 Orleanists to win, 15 the revolution 
 of 1830 at, 46 Louis Philippe at. xxv. 
 56 distressed state of the cotton- 
 spinners of, 1831, V. xxix. 2 recep- 
 tion of Louis Philippe at, 1832, xxx. 
 20 reform banquet at, VII. xliv. 32 
 railway to, 43 -unemployed work- 
 men in, IMS, VIII. 1. 20 -suspension 
 of cash payments by bank of, 20 
 disorders in, 1818, 62 insurrection 
 at, 97. 
 
 Roumani, admiral, squadron for aid of 
 Turkey under, A', xxxii. 20. 
 
 Roumelia, pacha of, 111. xiv. 89 ope- 
 rations assigned to, in campaign 
 of 1S24, Hj3 terms of treaty of 
 
 irge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 259 
 
 Adrianople regarding, xv. 137 secret 
 proposals of Russia regarding, VII. 
 xii. 120. 
 
 Roundzewitch, general, forces under, III. 
 xv. 30 note operations assigned to, 
 34. 
 
 Rous, captain, returned for Westminster, 
 1841, VI. xxxviii. 57. 
 
 Rousseau, the confessions of, V. xxviii. 
 54. 
 
 Rousseau, one of Napoleon's attendants 
 at St Helena, II. ix. 116. 
 
 Roussin, admiral, intervention of, in 
 Portugal, IV. xxv. 76, 77 becomes 
 minister of marine, V. xxx. 40 inter- 
 vention of, between Turkey and Egypt, 
 xxxii. 25 lauguage of, toward Turkey, 
 1838, 46 minister of marine under 
 Thiers, VI. xxxiv. 73 note. 
 
 Rovigo, duke of, proscribed in 1815, I. 
 iii. 19 takes the command in Algeria, 
 
 V. xxx. 28 sent as governor of 
 Algiers, xxxiii. 3 note his arrival 
 there, illness and death, 98. 
 
 Rovigo, revolt in, VIII. Iii. 12. 
 Roxburghshire, the elections of 1835 in, 
 
 VI. xxxv. 20. 
 
 Roy, M., returned to the Deputies in 
 1817, I. vi. 42 becomes finance 
 minister in 1818, 76, II. ix. 23 a 
 leader of the conspiracy in the army, 
 80 the royalists on, 105 appointed 
 member of the privy council, 107 
 resignation of, III. xvi. 91. 
 
 Royal Bank of Liverpool, failure of the, 
 1847, VII. xliii. 101. 
 
 Royal Guard, the Spanish, murder of 
 Landabura by, II. xi. 62 the strife 
 between them and the garrison, 63 
 their departure from the city, 64 
 attack it, and are defeated, 66 their 
 destruction, 67. 
 
 Royal household, changes in the organi- 
 sation of the, in France, II. ix. 91. 
 
 Royalists, the, violence of, after the 
 second restoration, I. iii. 12 massa- 
 cres by, at Marseilles, 31 and in the 
 south of France, 34 predominance of 
 the ultra, dvvring the elections of 1815, 
 37, 38 violence of, against Ney, &c, 
 76 views of, with regard to the new 
 law of elections, 113 opposition of, 
 to the ministerial budget, and difficul- 
 ties of the government from them, 
 1 17 views of, as to the ordinance of 
 September 5tb, 133 efforts of, in the 
 French elections of 1815, vi. 4 their 
 success, 5 in the new Chamber of 
 Deputies, 9 arguments of, against the 
 new law of elections, 14 measures 
 advocated in 1817 by, regarding the 
 press, &c, 19 feelings of, on the ap- 
 
 pointment of St Cyr, 41 losses of, by 
 the elections of 1817, 42 opposition 
 of, to the new law of recruiting, 51 
 secret memoir of, to the Congress of 
 Aix-la-Chapelle, 70 losses of, in the 
 elections of 1818, 75 losses of, in 
 France by the elections of 1819, II. ix. 
 17 proceedings of, on the law regard- 
 ing the press, 10 position of, in the 
 Deputies after the fall of Decazes, 
 50 proposed union of, with the 
 Richelieu ministry, 87 their views, 
 88 excitement of, 1820, 90 views 
 and objects of, 94 gains of, by the 
 elections of 1820, 95 oppose the 
 indemnity to the imperial donatories, 
 102 dissatisfaction of, with the minis- 
 try, 1821, 105 accession of ministry 
 from, 107 reflections on it, 108 
 views of the French, on the Spanish 
 revolution, xi. 1 gains of, by the 
 elections of 1821,25 alliance of, with 
 the church, and its results, 26 the 
 French, effects of the Spanish revolu- 
 tion on, xii. 1 attack on Manuel by, 
 58 they secure his expulsion, 59 
 strength of, in France in 1824, 108 
 rejoicings of, on the disbanding of the 
 National Guard, III. xvi. 64 coalition 
 of, with the liberals, to overthrow 
 Martignac, 87 views of, on Louis 
 Philippe, IV. xxiv. 51 funeral service 
 by, for the Duke de Berri, 1831, and 
 tumult caused by it, xxv. 43 opposi- 
 tion of, to the proscription of the 
 Bourbons, 50 policy of, in France 
 during elections of 1831, 57 con- 
 spiracy of, 1 832, V. xxix. 23 arrest of 
 leaders of, 77 results of Louis 
 Philippe's victory over, xxx. 1 result 
 of the elections of 1834 to, 58 vic- 
 tories of Louis Philippe over, xxxiii. 
 1 insurrection of, in Portugal, IV. 
 xxi. 49 general arrest of, in Spain, 
 II. xi. 31 the Spanish, insurrection 
 of, in the north, 48 successive dis- 
 asters of, in Catalonia, &c, 76 viol- 
 ence of, in Seville, xii. 79 violence 
 of, in Saragossa, &c, 81 their irrita- 
 tion over the country, 83 cruelties of, 
 in Spain, 92. 
 
 Royalist committee of Paris, secret cir- 
 cular issued by, II. ix. 62 measures 
 of, on the attempt of the Duchess de 
 Berri, V. xxix. 46. 
 
 Royalist journals, the, in 1819 in Paris, 
 
 II. ix. 14 circulation of, in France, 
 
 III. xvii. 19 note, 120. 
 
 Royalist peers, resignations of, under 
 Louis Philippe, IV. xxiv. 44. 
 
 Royalist reaction, causes of the, in 
 France, II. ix. 112. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 200 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Royor-Collard, M., character, &c. of, I. 
 iii. 58 supports the establishment of 
 courts-martial, 68 one of the presi- 
 dents of colleges, 132 arguments of, 
 for the new law of elections, vi. 12 
 arguments of, for the new law of re- 
 cruiting, 48 called to the Council of 
 State, 82 a leader of the Doctrinaires, 
 II. ix. 14 supported by the Doctrin- 
 aires, 24 arguments of, against the 
 new electoral law, 64 dismissed from 
 the Council of State, 87 returned for 
 Paris in 1827, III. xvi. 71 chosen 
 vice-president of the Deputies, 76 
 elected president, 1829, 86 president 
 of the Chambers, 1830, xvii. 21 pre- 
 sentation of the address to the king, 
 31 52 arguments of, against the 
 abolition of the hereditary peerage, 
 IV. xxv. 96 eloge on Casimir Perier 
 by, V. xxix. 37 majority against, as 
 president, 1834, xxx. 58 votes for, 
 as president, 1834, xxxiii. 2 opposes 
 the new laws against the press, 1836, 
 44 character of Barrot by, VII. xliv. 
 99 opposition of, to the Jesuits, xlvi. 
 11. 
 
 Rozmin, combat at, VIII. liii. 49. 
 
 Ruckharfc, the poems of, V. xxviii. 37. 
 
 Rudiger, general, operations under, in 
 1828, III. xv. 37 defeat of, 45 
 operations at Schumla, 46 - near 
 Schumla, 51 attack by the Turks on, 
 at Eski-Stamboul, 52, 53 passage of 
 the Balkan by, 131 advance of, to 
 Midiah, &c, 135 defeat of Dwernicki 
 by, IV. xxvi. G9 forces and position 
 of, 83 at Waitzen, VIII. Iv. 60 
 capitulation of Georgey to, 80 e t seq. 
 
 Rue Prouvaires, conspiracy of the, V. 
 xxix. 23. 
 
 Rue St Andre, attack by mob on post 
 of, IV. xxv. 46. 
 
 Rue St Honord, first barricade in 1830 
 in the, III. xvii. 68. 
 
 Rue Transnonain, massacre in the, V. 
 xxx. 50 renewed struggle in, 1839, 
 VI. xxxiv. 37. 
 
 Ruffo, cardinal, IT. viii. 77. 
 
 Rukawina, general, defence of Temesvar 
 by, VIII. Iv. 75. 
 
 Iluhlieres, general, at siege of Constan- 
 tino, V. xxxiii. 121 suppression of 
 revolt at Toulouse by, VII. xliv. 63 - 
 returned to National Assembly, VIII. 
 1. 77 war-minister under Louis Na- 
 poleon, li. 31 at Bugeaud's funeral, 
 lvii. 111. 
 
 Bully, the countess de, II. ix. 46. 
 
 Bum, remission of duties on, III. xix. 1 1 
 produce of, Jamaica, before and after 
 emancipation, A', xxxi. 104 note and 
 
 The La 
 
 the West Indies, 1828-41, ti. fall in 
 price of, 1782-1837, VI. xxxvii. 46 
 note exports of, from West Indies, 
 before and after emancipation, 125 
 note proposed reduction of duties on, 
 VII. xliii. 8 imports of, from West 
 Indies, 1847-9, 17 and note modifica- 
 tion of duties on, during Irish famine, 
 39. 
 
 Rumigny, general, during the insurrec- 
 tion of 1834, V. xxx. 50. 
 
 Rungpore, defeat of the Burmese at, VI. 
 xxxix. 60. 
 
 Runjeet Singh, threatened collision with, 
 1813, VI. xxxix. 38 flight of Shah 
 Soojah to, xl. 35 rise of the Sikh 
 kingdom under, 39 a party to treaty 
 for restoration of Shah Soojah, 54 
 reception, &c., of the governor-general 
 at Lahore, 53 death of, 85 treaty 
 with Scinde regarding, VIII. xlix. 4 
 state of the Punjaub after the death of, 
 32 army of, 51 his rise and charac- 
 ter, 53. 
 
 Runju.s Singh, operations against Sir II. 
 Smith under, VIII. xlix. 76. 
 
 Rural classes, alienation of the, from the 
 Wellington ministry, IV. xxiii. 3. 
 
 Rural districts, representatives of, in 
 States general of Prussia, V. xxvii. 77 
 note diminution of population in, in 
 France, VII. xliii. 158. 
 
 Rural industry, growing antagonism 
 between capital and, IV. xxii. 6. 
 
 Rural labour, want of demand for, in 
 France, III. xvii. 128. 
 
 Rural labourers, failure of the French 
 revolution with regard to the, IV. 
 xxiv. 2. 
 
 Rural population, influence of the feeling 
 of race among the, I. i. 62 excess of, 
 in Russia, II. viii. 15, 20. 
 
 Rush, Mr, American minister at London, 
 VII. xli. 93 settlement of the Oregon 
 question by, 94 acknowledgment of 
 the French republic by, VIII. 1. 46. 
 
 Russell, ensign, VIII. lvi. 71 note. 
 
 Russell, Lord John, his Life of Moore, I. 
 v. 14 motion by, for parliamentary 
 reform, 1821, II. x. 98 his motion on 
 parliamentary reform in 1S22, 125 
 defeat of, in the elections of 1826, IV. 
 xxi. 44 arguments of, for the repeal 
 of the test and corporation acts, 104 
 vote of, on the address, 1830. xxii. 
 25 declaration by, against reform, 
 42 note motion on it, ]S30, 43 and 
 amendment on it, ib.- character of, 
 xxiii. 19 his intrepidity and self- 
 confidence, 20 one of the committee 
 for preparing the reform bill, 30 the 
 details of the reform bill arranged by, 
 
 rge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 2G1 
 
 ib. its introduction by him into the 
 House, 32 his arguments in its favour, 
 33 motion by, on the reform bill, and 
 its defeat, 58 answer of, to the poli- 
 tical unionists, 84 introduces the 
 new reform bill, 93 declaration of, on 
 the Irish church, V. xxxi. 133 pro- 
 posed as chancellor of the exchequer, 
 160 motion by, against the Peel 
 ministry, VI. xxxv. 25 declines to 
 bring forward want of confidence 
 motion in Peel, 30 motion by, on 
 the Irish church, 32 his arguments 
 for it, 33 further motion of, and ma- 
 jority for it, 43 announces the for- 
 mation of the Melbourne ministry, 44 
 home secretary, ib. and note merits 
 of his motion on the Irish church, 51 
 defeated in Devonshire, 1835, xxxvi. 
 3 arguments of, for corporate reform 
 bill, 9 motions by, on the Irish cor- 
 poration bill, 39 on the Irish church 
 bill, 40 moves committee on agricul- 
 tural distress, 49 the Irish corpora- 
 tion bill again brought forward by, 
 1837, 58 Irish poor-law bill brought 
 in by, vi. 59 new Irish church bill 
 introduced by, 67 brings in the Irish 
 municipal bill, 1838, 68 and again in 
 1S39, 69 arguments of, for the 
 Jamaica bill, xxxvii. 128 announces 
 the resignation of ministers, 1 32 bill 
 for amelioration of criminal law 
 brought in by, xxxviii. 6 moves the 
 committal of the sheriffs, 22 bill 
 brought in by, regarding publication 
 of parliamentary proceedings, 24 ap- 
 proves of Lord Normanby's liberation 
 of prisoners, 28 on the corn laws, 37 
 motion of, 1841, on the corn laws, 
 42 motion by, on the sugar duties, 
 54 speech of, on amendment to 
 address, 1841, 58 announces resigna- 
 tion of the ministry, ib. arguments 
 of, against the sliding scale, VII. xli. 
 35 amendment by, on the income 
 tax, 49 his arguments against it, 50 
 motion by, on slave-grown sugar, 
 106 motion by, on corn laws, 1845, 
 xlii. 35 his letter to the electors 
 of London on the corn laws, 41 et 
 seq.- applied to, to form a govern- 
 ment, and fails, 45 arguments of, 
 against coercion bill for Ireland, 77 
 applied to on Peel's resignation, and 
 becomes premier, xliii. 4 his minis- 
 try, ib. note plan of, regarding the 
 sugar duties, and arguments for it, 5 
 et seq. announcement of, regarding 
 flogging in the army, 23 measures 
 of, for the relief of Ireland, 30 on 
 the Irish famine, 35 supports Mr 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 Fielden's factory bill, 89 his letter 
 authorising suspension of bank charter 
 act, 102 on the Spanish marriage 
 question, xlvi. 40 note adjustment of 
 dispute regarding Monte Video by, 59 
 declaration of, regarding France, 1848, 
 VIII. 1. 46 moves national thanks- 
 giving for harvest, lvi. 2 arguments of, 
 for repeal of navigation laws, 7 et seq. 
 on the increase of violent crimes, 
 36 motion of, for lowering the fran- 
 chise in Ireland, 62 differences be- 
 tween, and Palmerston, 63 defeated 
 on militia bill, and resigns, 64 return 
 of, to office, 70. 
 Russell ministry, the, formation of, 
 VII. xliii. 4 and note measures of, 
 for relief of Ireland, 33 further 
 measures for relief of the Irish famine, 
 37, 39 oppose Lord George Bentinck's 
 Irish railway scheme, 59 the budget 
 for 1847, 69 Irish coercion bill 
 brought in by, 97 at first resist, but 
 compelled to authorise, suspension of 
 bank charter act, 102 move for com- 
 mittee on bank charter act, 106 ma- 
 jorities of, on bank charter act, 112 
 preparations of, against the Chartist 
 insurrection, 132. 
 Russia, effects of the alliance of France 
 and England on, I. i. 8 vast recent in- 
 crease of, 12 her increase from the 
 revolutions of 1830 and 1848, 13 the 
 intervention of, in Hungary, and its 
 results, 21 standing army of, 23 in- 
 creased produce of the gold mines of, 
 36 ratio of increase of population 
 in, 39 increasing influence of the 
 conquests of, 68 position of the 
 forces of, in France, iii. 29 ministry 
 of Richelieu in, 43 treaty of, with 
 Prussia, &c. regarding France, 49 a 
 party to the Holy Alliance, 51 sub- 
 sidy from Great Britain to, 52 re- 
 presentatives of, at Aix-la-Chapelle, vi. 
 61 purchase of ships of war from, 
 by Spain, II. vii. 50 vast growth of, 
 in recent times, viii. 1 increase of, 
 by the treaties of 1814 and 1815, 2 
 her acquisition of the grand-duchy of 
 Warsaw, 3 portion of Poland assigned 
 to, in 1815,5 increased influence of, 
 in Europe, 12 wisdom of her external 
 policy, 13 her unity of purpose, 14 
 statistics and population, 15 ratio of 
 its increase, 16 capabilities for in- 
 creased population, 17 unity of feel- 
 ing throughout, IS reasons of this, 
 and Asiatic habits and religious feel- 
 ings of the population, 19 unity of 
 interest in, 20 state of education, 
 and insufficiency of schools, 21 the 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 2G2 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Russia, continued. 
 
 clergy, 22 rank in the Tcliinn, 23 
 great power given by the Tchinn, 
 24 the caste of the nobles, 25 the 
 trading or bourgeois class, 26 the 
 serfs, their number, condition, &c, 
 27 privileges and advantages enjoyed 
 by the serfs, 28 the Tieglo, its ad- 
 vantages and evils, 29 contrast be- 
 tween its cultivators and those of 
 England, 31 evils of the serf system, 
 33 foreign conquest forced by her' 
 climate on, 34 fear the principal 
 element of government, 35 general 
 use of corporal punishment, 36 char- 
 acter thus impressed on the popula- 
 tion, 37 effects of their institutions 
 on the character of the inhabitants, ib. 
 causes which have formed their char- 
 acter, 38 historical circumstances 
 which have developed the national 
 character of, 38 effect of her internal 
 distances on, 39 civilisation confined 
 to the higher ranks in, 40 imitative 
 character of the people, 41 military 
 strength of, 42 her military colonies, 
 23 the Cossacks, 44 discipline and 
 training of the army, 45 the navy, 
 46 finances, 47 position of the prin- 
 cipal armies in, 48 general corrup- 
 tion, 49 abuses which prevail in, 50 
 examples of this corruption, 51 
 emigration all internal in, 52 impulse 
 given to agriculture by free trade in 
 Britain, 53 her probable destiny, 54 
 her increase since 1462, ib. note two 
 different peoples in, 55 liberal ideas 
 brought back by the army from 
 France, &c, 56 first steps of Alex- 
 ander on his return in 1815, 57 
 efforts of Alexander for the enfran- 
 chisement of the serfs, 65 transac- 
 tions of 1819, 66 expulsion of the 
 Jesuits, 67 representatives of, at the 
 Congress of Troppau, 70 revolt in a 
 regiment of the Guards, 87 extension 
 of her empire in North America, 89 
 suppression of freemasons' and other 
 secret societies, 90 internal measures 
 during 1824, and settlement of her 
 boundaries in America, 97 the cm- 
 press, 98 death of the Emperor Alex- 
 ander. 106 and of the empress, 10S 
 state of the succession to the throne, 
 
 111 Constantine refuses the crown, 
 
 112 Nicholas proclaimed emperor, 
 116 the conspiracy against him, 117 
 plans of the conspirators and their 
 objects, 120 et serj.a. revolt is de- 
 cided on. 122 outbreak of the revolt, 
 123 heroism of Nicholas. 12 t vic- 
 tory of the emperor and suppression of 
 
 The Lai 
 
 the revolt, 130 appointment of com- 
 mission of inquiry, 131 report of the 
 commission on the insurrection, 132 
 leaders of the revolt in the army of 
 the south, 133 and in that of the 
 west, 134 outbreak in the army of 
 Poland, 135 its suppression, 136 
 condemnation of the conspirators, 137 
 their execution, 1 39 reflections on 
 the revolt, &c, 1 40 reforms introduc- 
 ed by Nicholas after the revolt, 145 
 great legal reforms, 146 the crime of 
 the insurgents, 147 coronation of the 
 emperor and empress, 148 character 
 of the emperor, and parallel be- 
 tween him and Peter the Great, 
 149 loans raised by, 1817-18, x. 18 
 note, 19 exports from England per 
 head to, 75 note declaration from, 
 regarding South American indepen- 
 dence, xi. 17 representatives of, at the 
 Congress of Verona, xii. 11 views of, 
 at the congress, on the Spanish ques- 
 tion, 20 withdraws her ambassador 
 from Spain, 27 denunciation of the 
 Spanish constitution by, 34 her offer 
 of assistance in Spain rejected by 
 France, 100 conquests of, from 
 the Turks, III. xiii. 35 conquest of 
 the Nomad tribes by, 46 the com- 
 mand of the sea or support of Austria 
 necessary to her conquest of Turkey, 
 57 causes of her difficulty in sub- 
 duing the Caucasus, 65 her policy of 
 intervention, 66 examples of its ap- 
 plication, 67 as pursued by Peter the 
 Great, 68 her establishment in the 
 Caucasus and on the Caspian, 69 
 measures of, to secure Georgia, 70 
 the war in the Caucasus, 71 war with 
 Persia, ib. her gains by the peace, 
 73 intervention of, in Wallachia 
 and Moldavia, 74, 75 treaties be- 
 tween Turkey and, regarding the 
 Principalities, 75 note efforts of, to 
 rouse insurrection in Greece, &c, 76 
 dependence of the Greek Hetair- 
 ists on, xiv. 7 dependence of the 
 Greek insurgents on, 1 7 she remains 
 neutral, 1 9 official declaration of, 
 against the Greek insurgents, 29 
 angry negotiations of, with Turkey, 
 1821, 49 her ultimatum and its re- 
 fusal, 50 ultimatum of Turkey, 51 
 efforts of the English ambassador to 
 avoid a rupture, 52 renewed nego- 
 tiations between, and Turkey, 82 . 
 protocol regarding Greece agreed to 
 by, 144, 145- -the treaty of 6th July 
 regarding Greece, 151 naval prepara- 
 tions to enforce it, 155 final note to 
 Turkey, 157 rupture between, and 
 
 'ije Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 263 
 
 the Mahommedan powers on the ac- 
 cession of Nicholas, xv. 2 advantages 
 gained by, over Persia, 3 fresh war 
 between them, 4 statistics of, in 1826, 
 5 state of the negotiations between 
 her and Turkey, 6 -negotiations with 
 Turkey at Ackerman, and her demands, 
 15 these acceded to, 16 convention 
 of Ackerman, 17 right of protectorate 
 over the Principalities, &c. given to, 
 18 reforms introduced by Nicholas 
 into, 20 the war of 1827 with Persia, 
 21 et seq. peace between, and Persia, 
 26 preparations for war with Turkey, 
 27 fresh rupture with Persia, and 
 peace of Tourkmantchai, 28 re- 
 criminations between, and Turkey, 29 
 forces of, 30 commencement of 
 hostilities, 31 plan of operations and 
 its dangers, 34 position and dangers 
 of her forces, 1828, 49 dangers and 
 losses of the troops before Schurnla, 
 51 losses of, during campaign of 1828, 
 6'5 assassination of the ambassador to 
 Persia, 85 preparations of, for cam- 
 paign of 1829 in Turkey, 112 naval 
 superiority of, over Turkey, 115 
 secret convention against, after the 
 advance to Adrianople, 136 the treaty 
 of Adrianople, ib. et seq. importance 
 of constituting a Greek kingdom as a 
 barrier to, 143 policy of, in the treaty 
 of Adrianople, 146 her military 
 strength as shown in the war, 148 
 her strength in defensive and weak- 
 ness in offensive war, 149 dangers of 
 her position with regard to Turkey, 
 150 secret agreement between, and 
 France for extending the French 
 frontier to the Rhine, xvii. 49 camp- 
 aign in, Segur's account of, xviii. 48 
 reciprocity treaty with, xix. 29 note 
 exports to, 1840-9, 33 note import- 
 ance of the railway system to, IV. xxii. 
 68 the alliance between France and 
 England against, xxiii. 120 exports to, 
 compared with Australia, 121 note 
 reception of ambassador from Louis 
 Philippe in, xxiv. 48 jealousy of 
 France excited in, 1830, xxv. 1 a 
 party to convention for separation of 
 Belgium and Holland, 20, 22 increase 
 of power of, from partition of Poland, 
 xxvi. 6 prosperity of Poland under, 
 1815-30, 10 preparations of, and 
 conference with Austria, &c. regarding 
 Poland, 27 preparations of, against 
 Poland, 33 strength of the national 
 feeling in, 39 statistics of, for the 
 contest with Poland, 41 forces of, for 
 the struggle with Poland, 45 results 
 of the war to, 93 her steadfast pro- 
 
 gress, 95 effects of democracy on, 97 
 Kotzebue assassinated as the agent 
 of, V. xxvii. 24 occupation of Cracow 
 by, 76 influence of, on Prussia and 
 the lesser German states, 87 exten- 
 sion of the influence of, by the French 
 revolution of 1830, 89 attitude of, 
 toward France, 1832, xxix. 22 pro- 
 gress of the cholera over, 31 sup- 
 ports Prussia on the Antwerp question, 
 86 but compelled to remain quiet, 
 95 additions to power of, by the 
 French revolution of 1830, 99 re- 
 monstrances of, against the Polish 
 committee at Paris, xxx. 22 a party 
 to the Congress of Muntz-Graetz, 25, 
 26 statistics of army of, 26 note 
 peril of, before the treaty of Adrian- 
 ople, xxxii. 2 the system of govern- 
 ment of, 4 application of Turkey to, 
 for aid against Ibrahim Pacha, 23 
 which is accorded, 24 attempts of 
 Turkey to draw back, 25 fresh ex- 
 pedition from, 26 mission of Lord 
 Durham to, its objects, &c, 27 foi-mal 
 incorporation of Poland, and terms 
 exacted from Turkey, ib. treaty of 
 Unkiar-Skelessi with Turkey, 29, 30 
 remonstrances of the Western powers 
 against it, 31 views and policy of, 
 regarding Greece, 33 exclusion of 
 ritual of, from Greece, 38 coldness 
 between, and France, 39 views of 
 Palmerston regarding, 1838, 47 and 
 note danger of second intervention 
 in Turkey, and views of European 
 powers on it, 55 a party to treaty for 
 settlement of the East, 57 forces 
 prepared by, for enforcingthe treaty, 61 
 a party to the treaty of March 1841, 
 regarding the Dardanelles, 76 the 
 true danger to Turkey is from her, 78 
 effect of the refusal of aid by Eng- 
 land to Turkey, 79 a party to the 
 occupation of Cracow, xxxiii. 61 con- 
 vention with Turkey for evacuation of 
 Silistria, 62 declaration of, regarding 
 Belgium, 1838, VI. xxxiv. 24 ex- 
 amples of naval attack on land de- 
 fences during war with, 30 sides 
 with England on the Eastern question, 
 90 secures the recognition of the 
 treaty of Unkiar-Skelessi, 114 reflec- 
 tions on this, 116 et seq. danger to 
 Turkey from, since treaty of Unkiar- 
 Skelessi, 116, 117 debate on Lord 
 Londonderry's appointment as am- 
 bassador to, xxxv. 28 strength 
 of navy of, 1836, xxxvi. 51 Lord 
 Dudley Stuart's speech on her power 
 in the East, 52 the affair of 
 the Vixen, 70 et seq. danger of Eug- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 2G4 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Russia, continued. 
 
 land from, xxxvii. 2 the navy of, 
 contrasted with the British, 1840, 
 xxxviii. 35 restrictive system of, 50 
 peculiarities of the conquests of, 
 xxxix. 2 difficulties of, as to conquest 
 of India, 12 proportion of army to 
 population in, 2G jealousy of, in tho 
 East, xl. 28 her rapid progress there, 
 29, 30 effect of the Turkish war, &c. 
 in augmenting the danger in the East 
 from, 31 chances of invasion of India 
 by her, 32 Affghauistau as the 
 barrier against her, 33 designs of, on 
 Herat, 38 intrigues of, in Affghan- 
 istan, 41 liberal promises of her 
 envoy, 43 disavowal of her agents 
 in Persia and Affghanistan, by, 51 
 effect of the raising the siege of Herat 
 on her influence in the East, 52 ex- 
 pedition of, against Khiva, and its 
 defeat, 82 threatening position, &c. 
 of, 1841, VII. xli. 15 proposed share 
 of, in partition of Turkey, 120 secret 
 conferences of the emperor with the 
 British ministry regarding Turkey, 
 ib. increased supplies of gold from, 
 xlii. 1- its produce, 1837-46, ib. 
 note the Protectionists on, 02 com- 
 position, &c. of the army in, xliii. 25 
 army of, 184G, 27 navy, ib. details 
 of her army, 28 note investments of 
 emperor in English and French funds, 
 99 expansion of her paper currency 
 by, 111 effects of the monetary crisis 
 in England on, 141 importations of 
 food from, 159 restrictive tariff of, 
 163 exports to and imports from, 
 164 note negotiations with, regarding 
 the slave trade, xliv. 49 policy pur- 
 sued toward Poland by, xlvi. 13 
 occupation of Cracow by troops of, 24 
 indemnity for Cracow received by, 
 52 secretly supports the revolution 
 in Greece, 1843, 55 subsequently 
 disowns it, 56 a party to the proposed 
 league against Great Britain, 106 
 military importance of railways in, 
 VIII. xlix. 49 note position of, on 
 tho Schleswig question, liii. 40 inter- 
 vention of, in Hesse-Cassel, 92 treaty 
 with Austria, &c, ib. the intervention 
 in Hungary hist sought, lv. 20 her 
 
 intervention applied for by Austria, 38, 
 39 plan of Hungarian campaign by, 
 46 jealousy between, and Austria, 
 after the war, 86 differences with, 
 regarding Hungarian refugees, lvi. 56 
 part taken by, in affair of Don Pa- 
 cifico, 58 danger from fleet of, 1850, 
 60 effects of the French Revolution 
 on, lvii. 55. 
 
 Russia proper, population of, 1831, IV. 
 xx vi. 41 note. 
 
 Russians, numbers of, in Paris, IS 19, II. 
 ix. 3 their mode of fighting the 
 Turks, III. xiii. 52. 
 
 Russian America, settlement of tho 
 boundaries of, II. viii. 97. 
 
 Russian engineers, means used by, 
 for defending batteries .against ships' 
 broadsides, VI. xxxiv. 28. 
 
 Russian Poland, statistics of, IV. xxvi. 
 44 state of, 1848, VIII. liii. 49. 
 
 Russo-Belgian loan, the question of the, 
 V. xxxi. 11. 
 
 Rutherfurd, lord advocate, bill regard- 
 ing jury trial introduced by, I. iv. 20 
 lord advocate, 1846, VII. xliii. 4 note. 
 
 Rutlandshire, rates of mortality in, 
 1841, VII. xli. 17 note. 
 
 Rybinski, general, operations of, IV. 
 xxvi. 60 appointed to the command 
 after fall of Warsaw, and retires into 
 Prussia, 92 and the Polish banquet, 
 
 VII. xliv. 52. 
 
 Rve, general, defeat of the Prussians by, 
 
 VIII. liii. 96 his death, ib. 
 
 Rye, partially disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Ryla, defeat of the Ghoorkas at, VI. 
 xxxix. 42. 
 
 Ryleif, a leader of the Russian conspi- 
 racy, II. viii. 118, 121, 122, 126 
 character of Pestel by, 133 con- 
 demned to death, 137 his demeanour 
 on execution, 138 his execution, 
 139 heroism of, 145 note gene- 
 rosity of Nicholas to the widow of, 
 143. 
 
 Rynden, general, defeat and death of, 
 "ill. xv. 118. 
 
 Ryotwar system, the, in Madias, VI. 
 xxxix. 23. 
 
 Pywcki, retreat of, into Gallicia, IV. 
 xxvi. 92. 
 
 S 
 
 Saarsfield, general, treachery of, regard- Sacile, advance of Nugent to, VIII. lii. 
 
 ing the revolt at Cadiz, 11. vii. 5S, 44. 
 
 59. Sack, counsellor, V. xxvii. 17. 
 
 Sabalkansky, see Diebitch. Sacken, general, check of, in Guriel, III. 
 
 The Lavje Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 265 
 
 xv. 107 at battle of Kainly, 97 at 
 Milli Duz, 99 forces under, 1829, 
 112 defeat of, on the Niemen, IV. 
 xxvi. 80 defeats the Poles at Wilna, 
 81. 
 
 Sacred Battalion, the Greek, III. xiv. 
 16 destruction of, at Dragaschau, 
 33. 
 
 Sacred Battalion, the, of Madrid, II. 
 xi. 64, 65 defeat the Royal Guard, 
 66. 
 
 Sacrilege, law against, in France, III. 
 xvi. 33 it repealed, IV. xxiv. 61. 
 
 Sade, M. de, exposition of government 
 policy by, 1833, V. xxx. 14. 
 
 Sadler, Mr, arguments of, against Ca- 
 tholic emancipation, IV. xxi. 140 
 vote of, on the address, 1830, xxii. 
 25 speech of, against reform, xxiii. 
 58. 
 
 Sam, a Roman revolutionist, VIII. lii. 
 110. 
 
 Saganlugh, pass of, III. xv. 67 cavalry 
 combat at, 73 position of the Turks 
 in the. 92. 
 
 Sahara, description of the, VII. xlv. 1, 2 
 its dependence on the Tel, 3 its 
 climate, 4. 
 
 Sahels, terms of treaty of La Tafna 
 regarding, V. xxxiii. 117. 
 
 St Aignan, Auguste, III. xvii. 67 note 
 elected a member of the Deputies, II. 
 ix. 9. 
 
 St Andre, Jean Bon, indemnity to, II. 
 ix. 102 note. 
 
 St Antoine, rising of the workmen of, 
 1820, II. ix. 76 and 1S30, III. xvii. 
 69 cmeute in faubourg of, IV. xxv. 
 5 rising of, 1032, V. xxix. 62 bar- 
 ricade of, carried by the troops, 71 
 revolt in, 1840, VII. xliv. 37. 
 
 St Arnauld, marshal, on the Zouaves, V. 
 xxx. 29 character of, VII. xlv. 19 
 minister-at-war, VIII. lviii. 41 mea- 
 sures against the Assembly, 44 and 
 the coup d'etat, 48. 
 
 St Aulaire, M. de, course followed by, 
 after the fall of Decazes, II. ix. 50 
 concurs in the Austrian interven- 
 tion in Italy, V. xxix. 27 his defence 
 of the seizure of Ancona, 30. 
 
 St Benoit, dispersion of the Canadian 
 insurgents at, and destruction of the 
 village, VI. xxxvii. 83. 
 
 St Bernard, passage of the, Dumas' ac- 
 count of, III. xviii. 46. 
 
 St Chamont, M. de, I. iii. 33. 
 
 St Charles, meeting of the Canadian 
 revolutionists at, VI. xxxvii. 78 de- 
 feat of the Canadian insurgents at, 82. 
 
 St Cloud, signing of the ordonnances at, 
 III. xvii. 59 proceedings, &c. of 
 
 court at, during the Three Days, 75 
 mission of liberal peers to, 80 re- 
 treat of the Guard to, 83 retreat of 
 the court from, 90. 
 
 St Cyr, Gouvion, minister-at-war in 
 1815, I. iii. 9 reorganisation of the 
 army by, 26 retires with Talleyrand, 
 42 accession of, to the ministry, vi. 
 39 sketch of his career, 41 new 
 law of recruiting introduced by, 47 
 views of, in 1818, 78 reappointed 
 minister-at-war, 79 measures of, with 
 regard to the army, 81 views of, on 
 the electoral law, II. ix. 22 dismissed 
 from the ministry, 23. 
 
 St David's, bishop of, votes for the re- 
 form bill, IV. xiii. 105. 
 
 St Denis, church of, grant for, V. xxx. 
 18 note. 
 
 St Denis, success of the Canadian insur- 
 gents at, VI. xxxvii. 81 capture of it, 
 82. 
 
 St Denys, one of Napoleon's attendants 
 at St Helena, II. ix. 116. 
 
 St Domingo, acceptance of the constitu- 
 tion in, II. vii. 83 formal recognition 
 of the independence of, III. xvi. 40 
 legislative measures regarding, 42 
 effects of the loss of, on France, xvii. 
 131 present state of negroes in, V. 
 xxxi. 96. 
 
 St Etienne, prosperous condition of, 
 1824, III. xvi. 12 insurrection at, 
 1834, V. xxx. 47. 
 
 St Eustache, defeat of the Canadian in- 
 surgents at, VI. xxxvii. 83. 
 
 St Felix, M. de, II. x. 10 note. 
 
 St Gall, changes in constitution of, 1830, 
 IV. xxiv. 86 decision of, on the 
 Jesuit question, VII. xlvi. 95 and 
 on the Sunderbund, ib. 
 
 St George, defeat of the Turks at, III. 
 xiv. 72. 
 
 St Georges, M. de, VIII. lvii. 48. 
 
 St Germain, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 St Germains, lord, life-preservation bill 
 for Ireland introduced by, VII. xlii. 70. 
 
 St Germains l'Auxerrois, defeat of the 
 royalists at, III. xvii. 81 tumult in 
 1831, on funeral service for the Duke 
 de Berri, IV. xxv. 43 sack of the 
 church, 44. 
 
 St Gery, M., on the endowment of the 
 clergy, I. iii. 118. 
 
 St Helena, bill for the detention of Na- 
 poleon at, I. ii. 59 the residence, 
 death, and burial of Napoleon at, II. 
 ix. 113 et seq. proposed removal of 
 remains of Napoleon from, VI. xxxiv. 
 78 removal of the remains of Napo- 
 leon from, 86. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 266 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 St Helena Memoirs, the, III. xviii. 42 
 sensation caused by tliem, II. ix. 
 115. 
 
 St Helena, dispute between France and 
 Portugal regarding, IV. xxv. 77. 
 
 St Iago, defeat of General Porlier near, 
 II. vii. 39. 
 
 St Isaac, the cathedral of, at St Peters- 
 burg, II. viii. 94. 
 
 St Ives, partially disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 St Jean d'Acre, see Acre. 
 
 St John river, the, claimed by the 
 United States, VII. xli. 89 -its navi- 
 gation ceded to them, 91. 
 
 St Juan d'Ulloa, bombai'dment of, by 
 the French, VI. xxxiv. 27. 
 
 St Laurent, lunette of, at Antwerp, V. 
 xxix. 89 storiuiDg of it, 91. 
 
 St Leo, defeat of Garibaldi at, VIII. lii. 
 117. 
 
 St Leonards, lord, on the cotton-spinners' 
 trial, VIII. xxxvii. 55 note lord 
 chancellor, VIII. lvi. 64 note. 
 
 St Leu, the duchess de, I. iii. 78 her 
 chateau the headquarters of the Na- 
 poleonists, V. xxxiii. 68 death of, 
 
 VI. xxxiv. 20. 
 
 St Leu, death of the Duke de Bourbon 
 
 at, IV. xxiv. 57. 
 St Louis, fort, capture of, at Cadiz, II. 
 
 xii. 85. 
 St Lucie, great hurricane in, 1831, V. 
 
 xxxi. 87. 
 St Lue, defeat of the Turks at, III. xiv. 
 
 92. 
 St Mande, proposed reform banquet at, 
 
 VII. xliv. 31. 
 
 St Marceau, rising of the workmen of, 
 1830, III. xvii. 69 and 1832, V. xxix. 
 62. 
 
 St Maure, madame dc, III. xvii. 95. 
 
 St Mawe's, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 St Meri, cloister of, made the head- 
 quarters of the insurgents, V. xxix. 
 70 storming of it by the troops, 72 
 renewed struggle in, May 1839, VI. 
 xxxiv. 37. 
 
 St Michael's, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 St Michel, general, indecision of, during 
 revolt at Toulouse, \ll. xliv. 62. 
 
 St Michel, imprisonment of June insur- 
 gents at, VIII. 1. 94. 
 
 St Nicholas, desperate defence of con- 
 vent of, III. xiv. 107. 
 
 St Ouen, cholera at, V. xxix. 32 note. 
 
 St Paul, Mendelssohn's, V. xxviii. 8.5. 
 
 St Paul's, monuments erected in, I. ii. 
 62 Wellington's interment in, VIII. 
 lvi. 79. 
 
 The La 
 
 Ste Pelagie, escape of the prisoners under 
 trial for treason from, V. xxxiii. 25. 
 
 St Peter and St Paul, burial of Alex- 
 ander in cathedral of, II. viii. 107. 
 
 St Petersburg, population of, II. viii. 
 20 educational establishments at, 21 
 the origin of, 39 return of Alex- 
 ander to, in 1815, 57 establishment 
 of university at, 65 the flood of 1824 
 in, 92 description of its situation, 
 93, 94 effects, &c. of the inundation, 
 95 burial of Alexander at, 107 ex- 
 piatory ceremony on the scene of the 
 revolt, 144 the cholera in, and con- 
 duct of Nicholas during it, IV. xxvi. 
 94 ravages of cholera in, V. xxix. 31. 
 
 St Itoch, church of, attack by the mob 
 on, IV. xxv. 45. 
 
 Saint-Romans, marquis de, resignation 
 of, IV. xxiv. 44. 
 
 St Simon, defence of assassination of 
 princes by, II. ix. 30. 
 
 St Simonians, views of the, as to the 
 cause of the condition of the working 
 classes, V. xxix. 7 trial of the leaders 
 of the, xxx. S. 
 
 St Simonianism, spread of, among the 
 working classes of Paris, IV. xxv. 40. 
 
 St Spiridiou, capture of convent of, III. 
 xiv. 150. 
 
 St Sulpice, the cure of, attends Key to 
 execution, I. iii. 89. 
 
 St Thomas Aquinas, artillery depot of, 
 captured by the insurgents, III. xvii. 
 69. 
 
 St Vincent, great hurricane in, 1831, V. 
 xxxi. 87 grant to, 89. 
 
 Saisons, the Societedes, VII. xlvii. 49 
 organisation, objects, &c. of, VI. xxxiv. 
 36 insurrection of, 37. 
 
 Sakhtouri, defeat of the Turkish fleet at 
 Samosby, III. xiv. 110 and again, 125 
 approaches Missolonghi, 130 raises 
 the blockade, 131. 
 
 Salaberry, M., arguments of, against the 
 new law of recruiting, I. vi. 51. 
 
 Salamanca, address to Ferdinand VII. 
 from the university of, II. vii. 34. 
 
 Salamis, the Athenians retire to, III. 
 xiv. 113. 
 
 Salaries, Sir James Graham's motion for 
 reduction of, IV. xxii. 28. 
 
 Salasco, general, arranges armistice with 
 Radetsky, VIII. lii. 76. 
 
 Salazar, Don Luis Maria, minister of 
 marine, J I. xii. 95 note. 
 
 Saldanha, count, heads the expedition to 
 Terceira, IV. xxii. 14, 15. 
 
 Sale, major, afterwards Sir R., at the 
 capture of Kemendine, VI. xxxix. 57 
 further operations of, 59 successes 
 of, before llangoon, 63 at battle of 
 
 rye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 2G7 
 
 Milloon, 71 at the assault of Ghuz- 
 uee, xl. 70, 71 created a knight, 75 
 left in command at Jellalabad, 78 
 defeats of Dost Mahommed by, 90 
 operations against him, 91 forces 
 under, at Jellalabad, 100 ordered by 
 Macnaghten to Cabul, 105 decides on 
 not obeying, 113 heroic conduct of, 
 at Jellalabad, 135 VIII. xlviii. 49 
 defence of Jellalabad by, 56, 57 et seq. 
 relieved by Pollock, 63 his pre- 
 vious heroic defence, 64 defeat of the 
 Affghans, 65 brigade under, during 
 advance to Cabul, 87 at the Huft- 
 Kotul, 91 sent forward for deliver- 
 ance of the captives, 102 meeting 
 with Lady Sale, 105 death of, at 
 Moodkee, xlix. 65. 
 
 Sale, lady, VIII. xlviii. 101, 102 deli- 
 verance of, 104 meeting of, with her 
 husband, 105. 
 
 Saleh Pacha, deposition of, III. xiv. 84 
 of Maidan, preparations of, against the 
 Russians, xv. 84 attack on Akhal- 
 zikli by, 85 forces under, and his 
 position, 90, 92 defeat of, at Kainly, 
 95 et seq. evacuates Hassan Kale, and 
 falls back on Erzeroum, 101. 
 
 Saleh Mahommed, treaty with, for liber- 
 ating Lady Sale, &c, VIII. xlviii. 102. 
 
 Salerno, capture of, by the Neapolitan 
 revolutionists, II. vii. 107. 
 
 Salic law, introduction of the, into Spain, 
 
 VII. xlvi. 34 its abrogation, 36. 
 Salis, M. de, during the Three Days, III. 
 
 xvii. 81. 
 Salisbury, marquis of, privy seal, 1852, 
 
 VIII. lvi. 64 note. 
 
 Salisbury, speech of Lord Brougham at, 
 V. xxxi. 159. 
 
 Salmon, imported, proposed new tariff 
 on, VII. xli. 47 note. 
 
 Salmond, Mr, at the loss of the Birken- 
 head, VIII. lvi. 71. 
 
 Salom, Friedrich, the works of, V. xxviii. 
 26. 
 
 Salona, capture of, by the Greek insur- 
 gents, III. xiv. 2S and again, xv. 141. 
 
 Salonica, pacha of, III. xiv. 89 forces 
 under, 1S22, 58 suppression of the 
 insurrection in Macedonia by, 69. 
 
 Salonica, population of, III. xiii. 32 note 
 massacres of Greeks at, xiv. 24 be- 
 sieged by the insurgents, 28 estab- 
 lishment of academy at, V. xxxii. 53. 
 
 Salop, additional members for, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Salt, rise in the duty on, I. ii. 39 the 
 taxes on, in India, VI. xxxix. 20 the 
 government monopoly of, in India, 
 and l'evenue from it, 24 repeal of tax 
 on, in France, 1848, VIII. 1. 28. 
 
 Salt duties, debate on the, in the French 
 Assembly, VIII. lvii. 5. 
 
 Salt mines, the Polish, IV. xxvi. 43. 
 
 Salt tax, motion for reduction of the, II. 
 x. 143 its reduction, 144. 
 
 Saltash, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Saltoun, lord, VIII. xlviii. 43. 
 
 Saltpetre, prices of, 1824-5, III. xix. 64 
 note. 
 
 Salvador, Don Sanchez, trial of, decreed 
 by the Cortes, II. xi. 55 suicide of, 
 xii. 84. 
 
 Salvandy, the works of, III. xviii. 34 
 becomes minister of public instruc- 
 tion, V. xxxiii. 86 succeeds Ville- 
 main as minister of public instruction, 
 VII. xlvi. 5 decree against, VIII. 1. 
 10. 
 
 Salverte, M. III. xvii. 67 note. 
 
 Salveste, M., Eusebe, at the funeral of 
 Lafayette, V. xxx. 52. 
 
 Samos, insurrection in, and massacre of 
 the Turks, III. xiv. 34 danger of, 109 
 defeat of the Turkish fleet off, and 
 its deliverance, 110 threatened by 
 the Turks, 1826, 148 excluded from 
 Kingdom of Greece, xv. 142. 
 
 San Marcial, regiment of, revolt of, at 
 Cadiz, II. xii. 88. 
 
 San Marcial, defeat of Mina at, 1830, IV. 
 xxiv. 68. 
 
 San Martin, suppression of the tumult at 
 Madrid by, II. xi. 42 energy of, 
 against the Madrid rioters, 50. 
 
 San Miguel, M., becomes minister of 
 foreign affairs, II. xi. 69 a member of 
 the Spanish committee ill France, IV. 
 xxiv. 66. 
 
 San Sebastian, blockaded by the French, 
 II. xii. 73 surrender of, 83. 
 
 Sanchaga, defeat of the royalists at, II. 
 xi. 76. 
 
 Sand, George, the romances of, III. xviii. 
 71. 
 
 Sand, the assassination of Kotzebue by, 
 II. ix. 27, V. xxvii. 24 his execution, 
 and sensation excited by it, 25 influ- 
 ence of it on the cause of freedom, 
 26. 
 
 Sandford, Mr, bears the Burmese pro- 
 posals of peace, VI. xxxix. 72. 
 
 Sandilli, a Caffre chief, VIII. lvi. 48. 
 
 Sandjak Sheriff, the, brought out against 
 the Janizaries, III. xv. 9 et seq. dis- 
 played against the Russians in 1828, 
 32. 
 
 Sandon, lord, returned for Liverpool, 
 1833, V. xxxi. 26 and again, 1835, 
 VI. xxxv. 19 moves the address, 
 1S35, 23. 
 
 Sandowy, cession of, to the British, VI. 
 xxxix. 72. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 268 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Sandwich, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 Sandwich, atrocities of the American 
 
 sympathisers at, and their defeat, VI. 
 
 xxx vii. 106 execution of the leaders, 
 
 108. 
 Sanitary improvements, commencement 
 
 of, in England, V. xxxi. 9. 
 Santa Cruz, the marquis do, II. xi. 70. 
 Santa Cruz, defeat of the Spaniards at, 
 
 II. xii. 77. 
 Santa Lucia, battle of, VIII. lii. 41. 
 Santa Maria, embarkation of Ferdinand 
 
 at, II. xii. 89. 
 Santa Petri, capture of, at Cadiz, II. xii. 
 
 88. 
 Sautander declared a free port, II. vii. 
 
 51. 
 Santini, one of Napoleon's attendants at 
 
 St Helena, II. ix. 116. 
 Sanzas, colonel, murder of, at Palermo, 
 
 II. vii. 111. 
 
 Saone, the, vote for improving the navi- 
 gation of, VII. xliv. 43 inundation 
 of, 1841, 52. 
 
 Sappho, Grillparzer's drama of, V. xxviii. 
 26. 
 
 Saracens, conquests of the, over the 
 nomads of Northern Africa, V. xxxiii. 
 95. 
 
 Saragossa, insurrection at, 1820, II. vii. 
 69 proclamation of the constitution 
 at, 73 disturbances in, SO the Com- 
 muneros in, xi. 40 Riego's plot at, 41 
 agitation on his arrest, 44 recep- 
 tion of the French in, xii. 74 vio- 
 lence of the royalists in, 81. 
 
 Saratoga, Lord Exmouth at the capitula- 
 tion of, I. ii. 69 note. 
 
 Sardar-Abad, capture of, by the Russians, 
 
 III. xiii. 73 and again, xv. '24. 
 Sardinia, effect of representative institu- 
 tions in, I. i. 57 contributions from 
 France to, iii. 4 8 note the king of, 
 reforms introduced by, II. vii. 101 
 commencement of the revolution in, 
 118 revolt in Alessandria and Turin, 
 1 1 9 the king accepts the constitution, 
 120 abdication of the king, 121 
 movements of the insurgents, viii. SO 
 preparations of the allied sovereigns 
 against them, SI increasing difficul- 
 ties of the insurgents, 82 their defeat, 
 83 termination of the war, 84 re- 
 action in, and treaty with Austria, 86 
 the queen of, at Verona during the 
 congress, xii. 14 king of, treaty for 
 evacuation of his dominions, If) re- 
 ciproeity treaty with, III. xix. 29 note 
 - revolutionary excitement in, 1830, 
 
 IV. xxiv. 87 attempted insurrection 
 in, 1S30, xxv. 26 liberal and propa- 
 ne L 
 
 gandist conspiracy in, 1833, V. xxx. 
 24 treaty with, regarding the slave 
 trade, VII. xliv. 49 movement in, 
 
 1847, xlvi. 70 growing excitement in, 
 75 great reforms introduced into, 79 
 constitution proclaimed in, 86 in- 
 vasion of, threatened by the French, 
 
 1848, VIII. 1. 40 forces of, at the 
 outbreak of the war with Austria, lii. 
 13 see Charles Albert the war with 
 Austria, 25 et scq. new ministry, 82 
 renewal of the war, 84 forces on 
 renewal of the war, 85 feeling of the 
 troops on renewal of the war, 87 
 proclamation, ib. abdication of 
 Charles Albert, 96 armistice, 98 
 the Deputies reject it, and are dis- 
 solved, 99 insurrection at Genoa, 
 101 its suppression, 102 conclusion 
 of peace with Austria, 120 conduct 
 of her commanders during the war, 
 123. 
 
 Sarraus, M., his work on Louis Philippe, 
 
 VII. xliv. 55. 
 
 Sarre-Louis, surrendered by France to 
 
 the allies, I. iii. 48. 
 Sarum, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 Sass, general, VIII. lv. 59. 
 Satory, Louis Napoleon at review at, 
 
 VIII. lvii. 30. 
 
 Sattara, the rajah of, VI. xxxix. 48 
 taken prisoner, 49 deposed, xl. 17. 
 
 Sattara, capture of, by the British, VI. 
 xxxix. 49 incorporation of, with 
 British India, VIII. xlix. 120. 
 
 Sauuiur, attack on Benjamin Constant 
 at, II. ix. 90. 
 
 Saurin, Mr, attorney-general for Ireland, 
 II. x. 115 retires, ib. 
 
 Sauzet, colonel, a leader of the con- 
 spiracy in the army, II. ix. 81. 
 
 Sauzet, M. defence of the ex-ministers 
 of Chai'les X. by, IV. xxv. 11 mini- 
 ster of justice under Thiers, V. xxxiii. 
 52 note on the labour question, VII. 
 xliv. 33. 
 
 Savary, see Rovigo. 
 
 Savenay, monument of, defaced, V. xxix. 
 42. 
 
 Savings banks, general establishment of, 
 in Great Britain, 1. iv. 2.5 progress 
 of, in Ireland, V xxxi. 124 note of 
 Brussels, failure of, VI. xxxiv. 26 
 proceedings of the French revolu- 
 tionists regarding, 1848, VIII. 1. 21 
 suspension of cash payments by, in 
 France, 1848, 45. 
 
 Savoy, the duke of, forces under, itc., 
 VIII. lii. 25 crosses the Mincio, 37 
 at Sta Lucia, 41 operations under, 
 68 abdication of Charles Albeit in 
 favour of, 96. 
 
 arge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 269 
 
 Savoy, attempted revolution in, VIII. 
 lii. 30. 
 
 Saxe-Coburg, princess of, marriage of, 
 to the Duke de Nemours, VI. xxxiv. 
 71. 
 
 Saxe-Coburg, representation of, in the 
 Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note population 
 and military contingent, 5 note the 
 family of, VI. xxxviii. 5. 
 
 Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, representation of, in 
 the Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note population 
 and military contingent, 5 note ac- 
 cepts the Germanic constitution of 
 1848, VIII. liii. 77. 
 
 Saxe-Hildburghausen, representation of, 
 in the Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note popu- 
 lation and military contingent, 5 
 note. 
 
 Saxe-Meiningen, representation of, in the 
 Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note population and 
 military contingent, 5 note. 
 
 Saxe- Weimar, representation of, in the 
 Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note population 
 and military contingent, 5 note ac- 
 cepts the Germanic constitution ox 
 1848, VIII. liii. 77. 
 
 Saxony, position of the forces of, in France, 
 I. iii. 29 Fouche appointed minister 
 to, but recalled, 40 contributions 
 from France to, 48 note marriage of 
 Ferdinand VII. to princess of, II. vii. 
 63 revolutionary movement in, 1S30, 
 IV. xxiv. 84 revolutionary excite- 
 ment and insurrections in, 1831, xxv. 
 33 duchies of, representation of, in 
 the Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note votes of, 
 in the Germanic Diet, ib. population 
 and military contingent, 5 note re- 
 ciprocity treaty between, and Holland, 
 61 army of, xxx. 26 note king of, 
 visit of, to Queen Victoria, VII. xli. 
 119 statistics of, VIII. liii. 5 note 
 a member of the Zollverein, 13 libe- 
 ral concessions in, 1848, 21 rejects 
 the Germanic constitution of 1848, 76 
 revolutionary outbreak in, 1848, 81 
 Germanic constitution agreed to by, 
 84 et seq. 
 
 Say, M., on the cause of the depressed 
 condition of the working classes, V. 
 xxix. 7. 
 
 Scanderbeg. the straggle of, against the 
 Turks, IV. xxvi. 4. 
 
 Scarcity, prevalence of, in 1816, I. ii. 7 
 in France, 1817, vi. 25 severity of, 
 in France, 1847, VII. xlvii. 15. 
 
 Scarlett, Sir James, attorney-general, 
 IV. xxi. 66 note resignation of, 95 
 prosecution of the Morning Journal 
 by, xxii. 55. 
 
 Schaffgotsche, count, VIII. lii. 66. 
 
 Scharnhorst, the reforms of, in Prussia, 
 
 V. xxvii. 43 the military system of, 
 VIII. liii. 7. 
 
 Schaufup, lieutenant, III. xv. 124 note. 
 
 Schaumburg-Lippe, representation of, in 
 the Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note population 
 and military contingent, 5 note. 
 
 Scheffer, mission of, to the Duke of 
 Orleans, IV. xxiv. 16. 
 
 Scheldt, the, fortresses on, terms of 
 treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle regarding, I. 
 vi. 6.9 settlement of navigation of, 
 V. xxix. 96. 
 
 Schelling, placed at the head of public 
 instruction in Prussia, V. xxvii. 66 
 the philosophy, &c. of, xxviii. 64. 
 
 Schiller, De Stael's criticisms on, III. 
 xviii. 16 parallel between, and Goethe, 
 V. xxviii. 17 character of his dramas, 
 18 his powers of the pathetic and of 
 rhetoric, 19 his merits as a lyric 
 poet, 20 as a historian, 21. 
 
 Schimnik, the, in Russia, II. viii. 103. 
 
 Schlechtonau, defeat of Struve at, VIII. 
 liii. 43. 
 
 Schlegel, the works of, V. xxviii. 50 
 the criticisms of, III. xviii. 16. 
 
 Schlegel, F., the works of, V. xxviii. 65. 
 
 Schleinitz, M., minister of foreign affairs, 
 VIII. liii. 51. 
 
 Schleswig, capture of, by the Prussians, 
 VIII. liii. 39 district of, overrun by 
 the Danes, 1 02. 
 
 Schleswig-Holstein, first demands of Ger- 
 many regarding, VIII. liii. 34 history 
 of the question, 35 claims of the 
 duchies, 36 the revolt, ib. invasion 
 by Prussia, 37 victory of the Danes, 
 38 renewed invasion, 39 armistice, 
 42 resolution of the Diet at Frank- 
 fort on, 64 settlement of, by Olmutz 
 convention, 93 renewal of hostilities, 
 95 et seq. treaty with Prussia, 97 
 renewal of war, 98 final settlement, 
 102, 103. 
 
 Schlick, general, forces under, VIII. Iv. 
 5 defeats of, by Georgey, 11 joins 
 Windischgratz, 15 at Kapolna, 17 
 defeated at Hort, 22 captures Raab, 
 55 at battle of Acz, 56 defeat of 
 Georgey by, 77. 
 
 Schlosser, the works of, V. xxviii. 48. 
 
 Schmerling, M., VIII. liii. 46 resigns, 
 69. 
 
 Schneider, general, VTI. xliv. 66 war- 
 minister under Soult, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 
 3S note. 
 
 Schoedde, general, VIII. xlviii. 43. 
 
 Schoenbrunn, death of the Duke of 
 Reichstadt at, V. xxx. 12. 
 
 Schomberg, M. von, VIII. liii. 64. 
 
 Schonen, M. de, III. xvii. 67 note 
 signs dethronement of the king, xvi. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 270 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Schonen, M. de, continued. 
 
 87 declares against all negotiations 
 with the king, xvii. 8G embassy of, 
 to the king, 91 majority against, as 
 vice-president of Deputies, V. xxx. 
 14. 
 
 School system of Scotland, proposed 
 introduction of, into England, II. x. 
 56. 
 
 Schools, insufficiency of, in Russia, II. 
 viii. 21 establishment of, in Russia 
 by Alexander, QQ secretaries-general 
 of, in France, ix. 93 statistics of, in 
 England, x. 57 spread of, in Greece, 
 III. xiv. 3 the Jesuit, suppressed in 
 France, xvi. 81 number of, in Prussia, 
 V. xxvii. 9 repressive measures 
 against the, in Germany, 31 grants 
 for establishment of, VII. xliii. 96 
 government system of, under Louis 
 Philippe, xliv. 12 the Jesuit, in 
 France, xlvi. 5 decree for establish- 
 ing, in the Papal States, 60 number 
 of, in Prussia, VIII. liii. 6. 
 
 Schools of law, i-eform of, in Sardinia, 
 VII. xlvi. 70. 
 
 Schramm, general, war-minister, VIII. 
 lvii. 32 resigns, 33. 
 
 Schrekenstein, M., minister-at-war, VIII. 
 liii. 51. 
 
 Schrode, defeat of the Poles at, VIII. 
 liii. 49. 
 
 Schumln, the intrenched camp of, III. 
 xiii. 58 preparations at, for campaign 
 of 1828, xv. 33 cavalry action before, 
 40 blockade of, 47 operations be- 
 fore, 51 the blockade raised, 54 
 attack on Wittgenstein before, 56 
 Turkish force in, 1829, 111 opera- 
 tions of Dicbitch against, 127 passes 
 through the Balkan from, 129 de- 
 monstrations of the Russians against, 
 130 operations at, after the passage 
 of the Balkan, 135. 
 
 Schwarzn, M., VIII. liv. 31. 
 
 Sehwartzburg, accepts the Germanic 
 constitution of 1848, VIII. liii. 77. 
 
 Sehwartzenberg, Prince Felix, VIII. lii. 
 60 at Curtatone, 51 exposition of 
 views of Austria by, liii. 93 character 
 of, liv. 41 ministry of, 75 at the 
 abdication of the emperor, 76 dismis- 
 sal of Windischgratz from the com- 
 mand, Iv. 31. 
 
 Schwartz Rudolstadt, representation of, 
 in the Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note popula- 
 tion and military contingent, 5 note. 
 
 Schwartz Sondershausen, representation 
 of, in the Diet, V. xxvii. 4 note -po- 
 pulation and military contingent, 5 
 note. 
 
 Schwechat, battle of, VIII. liv. 71. 
 
 Schwirdel, general, execution of, VIII. 
 Iv. 85. 
 
 Schwytz, democratic constitution of, VII. 
 xlvi. 89 protest by, against the sup- 
 pression of the convents, 92 a mem- 
 ber of the Sunderbund, 94. 
 
 Science, impulse given by the war to, I. 
 v. 1 earlj' progress of, in Germany, 
 V. xxviii. 6. 
 
 Scinde, terms of treaty with Shah Soojah 
 regarding, VI. xl. 54 inarch of the 
 Affghanistan expedition through, 59, 
 60 reinforcements for Nott prepared 
 in, VIII. xlviii. 77 description of, 
 xlix. 1 the Ameers, 2 British inter- 
 course with, 3 treaties with the 
 Ameers, 4 passage of Keane's army 
 through, 5 treaty of 1838 forced on 
 Ameers, 6 views of Ellenborough, 7 
 new treaty proposed, 8 and forced 
 on the Ameers, 9 expedition against 
 Emaunghur, 10 et seq. fresh nego- 
 tiations, 12 attack on Outram in the 
 Residency, 13 forces on both sides, 
 14 battle of Meanee, 15 et seq. 
 capture of Hyderabad, 19 position of 
 Napier, 20 annexation of Scinde, 21 
 proceedings of Shere Mohammed, 
 22 battle of Hyderabad, 24 capture 
 of Meerpoor and Omercote, 27 final 
 defeat of Shere Mohammed, 28 pro- 
 clamation and rewards, 29 reflections 
 on its conquest, 30, 121. 
 
 Scindia, the treaty with, VI. xxxix. 34 
 its discreditable terms, 35 secretly 
 favours the Pindarrees, 45 heads the 
 confederacy, but compelled to submit, 
 40. 
 
 Scios, prosperity of, before the revolu- 
 tion, III. xiii. 43, xiv. 2. Sec Chios. 
 
 Scipio, the, at Navarino, III. xiv. 160, 
 101. 
 
 Sclaves, the, original characteristic of, 
 
 II. viii. 38 oppose the Magyars in 
 Hungary, VIII. liv. 46. 
 
 Sclavonians, the, the conquests of, III. 
 xiii. 4. settlements of, in Austria, 
 VIII. liii. 3 numbers of, in Austrian 
 empire, 3 note in Prussia, 4 hostil- 
 ity between, and the Magyars, liv. 18. 
 
 Sclavonic Assembly, proceedings of, at 
 Prague, VIII. liv". 11 dissolved, 13. 
 
 Sclavonic character, adaptation of, to 
 its appointed part in the world, I. i. 72. 
 
 Sclavonic empire, proposed formation of 
 a. VIII. liv. 14. 
 
 Scodra, pacha of, defeat of, by Bozzaris, 
 
 III. xiv. 94, 95- see Mustapha forces 
 of, 1829, xv. Ill irruption of, 139 
 his retreat, ib. 
 
 Scotch banks, pressure on the, 1847, VII. 
 xliii. 102. 
 
 Tlic Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 271 
 
 Scotch church, the Free Kirk secession 
 from the, VI. xxxvii. 74 et seq. 
 
 Scotch farmers, jealousy of, in Ireland, 
 IV. xx. 12. 
 
 Scotch notes, bill prohibiting the circu- 
 lation of, in England, IV. xxi. 102. 
 
 Scotch spirits, increase of duties on, IV. 
 xxii. 34. 
 
 Scotland, reduced produce of wheat in, 
 from free trade, I. i. 10 proportions 
 of educated and uneducated criminals 
 in, 48 introduction of jury trial in 
 civil cases into, iv. 19 its failure, 20 
 the parochial school system of, 46 
 statistics of criminals in, 93 note 
 steam navigation first attempted 
 in, v. 3 Tytler's History of, 55, 56 
 increasing discontent in, II. x. 49 
 insurrection in, 50 its suppression, 
 51 proposed introduction of the 
 school system of, into England, 56 
 proportion of children receiving edu- 
 cation in, 57 causes of the success of 
 the educational system in, 60 news- 
 papers published in, 1702, 1790, and 
 1821, 126 note arrival of Charles X., 
 &c. in, III. xvii. 98 average produce 
 
 . per acre in, 128 reduction of duties 
 on spirits in, and its effects, xix. 72 
 crime in, 1822-30, ib. note her early 
 resistance to England, IV. xx. 7 
 criminal committals in, 1822-34, 16 
 note extinction of tithes in, 21 the 
 banking system of, xxi. 24 suppres- 
 sion of small notes prevented, 25 
 operation of the test and corporation 
 acts regarding, 105, 108 proposed 
 scheme of reform for, xxiii. 45 ma- 
 jority of members for, against the re- 
 form bill, 57 note, 68 violence at, 
 during the elections of 1831, 66 riots 
 in, 67 the reform bill for, 73 pass- 
 ing of it, 116 effects of it, 117 
 county and borough members of, un- 
 der it, 119 education in, V. xxvii. 9 
 analogy between, and Germany, as to 
 religious character, xxviii. 67 rise of 
 rationalism in, 68 effects of the re- 
 form bill in, xxxi. 1 outbreak of 
 cholera in, 9 system of tithe com- 
 mutation in, 14 the elections for 
 1833 in, 26 those of 1835 in, VI. 
 xxxv. 20 burgh reform in, 5 im- 
 migration of Irish labourers into, 45 
 paupers in, 1840, xxxvii. 45 the 
 Free Kirk movement in, 73 et seq. 
 effects of the schism, 75 reflections 
 on it, 76 the elections of 1841 for, 
 xxxviii. 57 note liberal majority re- 
 turned by, 61 passion for self-govern- 
 ment in, and its results, 62 riots in, 
 1842, VII. xli. 21 banking act of 
 
 1845 for, 115 miles of railway com- 
 pleted in, to 1850, xlii. 5 note dimi- 
 nution of crime in, during railway 
 mania, 8 note introduction of poor- 
 law for, history of the subject, 26 
 causes of old law being evaded, 27 
 the evils became intolerable, 28 pro- 
 visions of the bill, 29 good effected 
 by it, 30 principles of statute law re- 
 garding able-bodied poor, 29 note 
 effects of the drainage act in, xliii. 30 
 the potato disease in the Highlands 
 of, 31 inefficiency of relief afforded 
 by the poor laws, 32 the potato dis- 
 ease and famine in, 51 means taken 
 to combat it, 52 contributions per 
 head to customs and excise in, com- 
 pared with Ireland, 58 comparative 
 mortality in agricultural and manu- 
 facturing districts, 93 miles of rail- 
 way in, 122 note increase of pauper- 
 ism and expenditure on it, 1847-8, 
 124 and note committals for crime 
 in, 1844-9, 125 note town and 
 country rates of mortality in, 157 and 
 note produce of wheat in, under free 
 trade, 160 note paupers relieved in, 
 1848-56, 162 note pauperism in, 
 1848, &c, VIII. lvi. 4 diminished 
 production of wheat in, 21 popula- 
 tion of, 1851, 34 mortality in town 
 and country districts, 35 note. 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter, literary character of, 
 I. v. 7 peculiar character of his 
 writings, 8 their high moral cha- 
 racter, 9 defects of his later works, 
 10 Lockhart's Life of, 49 on the 
 coronation of George IV., II. x. 107 
 superintends the arrangements at the 
 king's visit, 152 his defence of the 
 Scottish banking system, IV. xxi. 25 
 attack on, at Jedburgh, xxiii. 67 and 
 note. 
 
 Scott, Brigadier, at Maharajpore, VIII. 
 xlix. 39. 
 
 Scott, major, at the Rickabaskee fort, 
 VI. xl. 110 note. 
 
 Scott, Miss Jean, afterwards wife of 
 Canning, II. xi. 3 note. 
 
 Scottish attainders, reversal of the, IV. 
 xx. 29. 
 
 Scottish banks, act of 1845 for regula- 
 ting the, VII. xli. 115. 
 
 Scottish Parliament, the old, legislation 
 of, V. xxxi. 152 and note. 
 
 Scottish Worthies, Tytler's, I. v. 56. 
 
 Scrope, Mr, motion by, for Irish poor- 
 law, VI. xxxvi. 48. 
 
 Sculptors, recent German, V. xxviii. 75 
 et seq. 
 
 Scutari, pacha of, III. xv. Ill the 
 suburb of, xiii. 40 population of, 32 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 272 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Scutari, continued. 
 
 note approach of Ibrahim Pacha to, 
 
 V. xxxii. 20. 
 
 Sea, the, impassable to nomadic bar- 
 barians, I. i. 70 the mode of transit 
 in mature civilisation, ib. command 
 of, necessary to the Russian conquest 
 of Turkey, III. xiii. 57 importance 
 of, in war in Syria, V. xxxii. 7 com- 
 mand of, importance of, as to India, 
 
 VI. xxxix. 12. 
 
 Sea-coast, military importance of, in 
 Syria, V. xxxii. 7, 63, 64 great extent 
 of, in India, VI. xxxix. 12. 
 
 Seaports, original want of, in Russia, II. 
 viii. 39. 
 
 Seaford, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Seaton, lord, at Wellington's funeral, 
 VIII. lvi. 78, 79 note. 
 
 Sebastiani, general, I. iii. 92, III. xvii. 
 67 note, 74 note votes for, for the 
 presidency, 21 protest against the 
 dethronement of the king, 79 mission 
 of, to the Duke of Orleans, IV. xxiv. 
 16" heads deputation offering lieuten- 
 ancy-general to the Duke of Orleans, 
 27 minister of marine under Louis 
 Philippe, 44 opposes the intervention 
 in Spain, 67 becomes minister of 
 foreign affairs, xxv. 8 tenders his 
 resignation, 59 defence of the foreign 
 policy of ministers by, 82 et seq. 
 duel between, and Lamarque, 85 note 
 on the fall of Poland, and attack by 
 the mob on him, 86 resignation of, 
 V. xxx. 40 negotiations of, with Eng- 
 land regarding Belgium, VI. xxxiv. 24 
 murder of his daughter, VII. xlvii. 
 13, 14 removed from the command 
 in Paris, 1848, 59. 
 
 Sebastiani, General Horace, indemnity 
 treaty with the United States con- 
 cluded by, V. xxxiii. 15. 
 
 Sebastopol, the naval attack on, and its 
 failure, VI. xxxiv. 30 danger to Con- 
 stantinople from, 116 Pelissier at the 
 storming of, VII. xlv. 20. 
 
 Secondary punishments, necessity for 
 certainty in, I. iv. 94 neglect of, II. 
 x. 94, VI. xxxviii. 7 how this was 
 brought about, 8. 
 
 Secret government, discussion in the 
 Deputies on the, II. ix. 62. 
 
 Secret-service money, vote for, in France, 
 V. xxxiii. 59 vote of Deputies on, 
 1837, VI. xxxiv. 6 and 1839, 45. 
 
 Secret societies, formation of, in Spain, 
 II. vii. 38, 92 -influence of, in Italy, 
 103 their origin, 104 their previous 
 history there. 105 -suppression of, in 
 Russia, viii. 90 prevalence of, in the 
 Russian army, 117 prevalence of, in 
 
 The L 
 
 Paris, in 1819, ix. 27 general organ- 
 isation of, throughout France, xi. 16, 
 17 dangers to society arising from, 
 22 or Communeros of Spain, the, 40 
 increased violence of, in Spain, 49 
 formation of, in Greece, III. xiv. 4 
 origin and objects of, in Ireland, IV. 
 xx. 13 the Irish, powerlessness of the 
 law against, 20 proposed suppression 
 of the inferior, by the Catholic Asso- 
 ciation, 27 prevalence and objects of, 
 in Poland, xxvi. 12 in Poland, plans of 
 the leaders of the, 13, 14 Kotzebue's 
 murder pi-ompted by the, V. xxvii. 26 
 the Prussian cabinet on the, 27 
 proceedings against, in Prussia, 39 
 further measures against, in Germany, 
 53 formation of, by the Republicans 
 in France, xxx. 11 new law against, 
 in France, 35 debate on it, 36 et seq. 
 it is passed, 40 general resistance 
 of, to the law against them, 41- their 
 organisation and objects, 42 report 
 of Girod de l'Ain on, xxxiii. 17 pro- 
 posed further measures against the, in 
 France, 35 et seq. state, &c. of, in 
 Switzerland, 67 formation of fresh, 
 in France, 91 efforts, &c. of, in Italy, 
 VII. xlvi. 63 forces of, in Paris, 1848, 
 xlvii. 49 in Vienna, 1848, VIII. liv. 
 1. 
 
 Sectarianism, obstacles presented by, to 
 a system of national education, II. x. 
 59 increase of, in Scotland, VI. 
 xxxvii. 75. 
 
 Secular colleges, grants to, in Ireland, 
 VII. xlii. 22. 
 
 Sedgwick, professor, I. v. 41. 
 
 Sedition, efforts to excite, in Great Bri- 
 tain in 1816, I. ii. 66. 
 
 Seditious cries, law against, in France, I. 
 iii. 64 discussion on it, 67. 
 
 Seditious meetings, the act of 1817 for 
 prevention of, I. iv. 13. 
 
 Seditious meetings bill, the, and vote on 
 it, II. x. 35. 
 
 Seditious meetings, Lord Tenterden on 
 the law of, IV. xxiii. 26 note. 
 
 Seditious publications, act for suppres- 
 sion of, 1 1. x. 35 law against the 
 criers of, in Paris, V. xxx. 34. 
 
 Sedke-Sude, appointed grand mufti, 
 III. xiv. 84. 
 
 Seed, raising the potato from, VII. xlii. 
 37 and note. 
 
 Seeds, proposed abolition of duty on, 
 VII. xlii. 19. 
 
 Segeswar, defeat of Bern at, VIII. Iv. 
 69. 
 
 Seglio, cardinal, VIII. Iii. 79. 
 
 Segur, count, the work of, III. xviii. 
 48. 
 
 arge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 273 
 
 Seine, department of, statistics of births 
 in, IV. xxv. 42 elections for, VIII. 
 
 I. 64 note Louis Napoleon elected 
 for, li. 19. 
 
 Seine canal, vote for the, VII. xliv. 43. 
 
 Self-acting mules, general introduction 
 of, in cotton-spinning, VI. xxxvii. 
 56. 
 
 Self-government, impossibility of, I. i. 
 50 effects of passion for, in Scotland, 
 VI. xxxviii. 62 right of, conceded to 
 the colonies, VIII. lvi. 43. 
 
 Selfishness, the government of Louis 
 Philippe founded on, V. xxx. 2. 
 
 Selim I. and II., the conquests of, III. 
 xiii. 35. 
 
 Selim, the murder of, by the Janizaries, 
 III. xv. 7. 
 
 Selopis, count, VII. xlvi. 70. 
 
 Semenoff, revolt of the regiment of, II. 
 viii. 87. 
 
 Seminaries, the Jesuit, suppressed in 
 France, III. xvi. 81. 
 
 Semonville, M. de, mission of, to the 
 king, III. xvii. 80. 
 
 Senard, M., minister of interior under 
 Cavaignac, VIII. 1. 97 note. 
 
 Senate, the Greek, powers, &c. of, III. 
 xiv. 54. 
 
 Senate, the American, collision between, 
 and the president on the banking 
 question, VI. xxxvii. 19. 
 
 Senate, demands of the Canadian re- 
 volutionists regarding the, VI. xxxvii. 
 77. 
 
 Senior, Mr, the works of, I. v. 38. 
 
 Sennaar, assigned by treaty to Mehemet 
 Ali, V. xxxii. 75 treaty between 
 Turkey and Mehemet Ali regarding, 
 VI. xxxiv. 114. 
 
 Seo d'Urgel, regency established at, II. 
 xi. 73 defeat of the Constitutional- 
 ists at, 74 flight of the regency from, 
 76 besieged by Mina, ib. 
 
 Sepoys, character, &c. of the, as troops, 
 VI. xxxix. 27 characteristics of the, 
 78 anecdote of the, in Scinde, VIII. 
 xlix. 27 note discontents among the, 
 1844, 47 number of, from Oude, 119. 
 
 Sepoy revolt, causes of the, VIII. lvii. 53. 
 
 Septenniality, law of, in France, II. xii. 
 Ill arguments against it, 112 car- 
 ried, ib. 
 
 Sepulveda, revolt of, against the Cortes, 
 
 II. xii. 98. 
 
 Seraglio, the, at Constantinople, III. 
 
 xiii. 39. 
 Serent, the duke de, I. iii. 59. 
 Sereschuners, the Austrian, VIII. Iii. 
 
 86. 
 Serfs, the, number and condition of, in 
 
 Russia, II. viii. 27 privileges and 
 
 advantages enjoyed by them, 28 
 Haxthausen on, and their enfranchise- 
 ment in Russia, 32 evils of the sys- 
 tem of, 33 efforts of Alexander for 
 the enfranchisement of, 65 the eman- 
 cipated, state of, in Russia, 91 num- 
 ber of, in Russia, 1831, IV. xxvi. 41 
 note. 
 
 Serfdom, necessity for, in Russia, II. 
 viii. 31 entire abolition of, in Prussia, 
 V. xxvii. 43 relations of, to slavery, 
 xxxi. 80 abolition of, in Gallicia, VII. 
 xlvi. 15. 
 
 Serignay, general, death of, at assault of 
 Constantine, V. xxxiii. 122. 
 
 Sernontkouski, general, death of, IV. 
 xxvi. 17. 
 
 Serra-Capriola, duke di, sent as lieute- 
 nant-general to Sicily, VII. xlvi. 84 
 placed at the head of the ministry, 85 
 difficulties of, in Sicily, 87 VIII. 
 Iii. 15 ministry of, 18. 
 
 Serrano, general, favourite of Queen 
 Isabella, VII. xlvi. 60. 
 
 Serres, M. de, character, &c. of, I. iii. 58 
 chosen president of the Chamber, 
 1816, vi. 10 arguments of, for the 
 new law of elections, 12 amendment 
 proposed by him on it, 17 arguments 
 of, in favour of the new laws regarding 
 personal freedom and the liberty of 
 the press, 23 keeper of the seals in 
 1818, 79 circular by, on the admin- 
 istration of justice, II. ix. 7 speech 
 of, on the return of the proscribed to 
 France, 11, 12 sketch of his career, 
 20 his character, 21 views of, on 
 the electoral law, 22 arguments of, 
 for the new electoral law,68 the royal- 
 ists on, 105 appointed member of the 
 Privy Council, 107 speech of, against 
 the new law regarding the press, xi. 15 
 death and character of, III. xvi. 39. 
 
 Serrurier, votes for the capital punish- 
 ment of Ney, I. iii. 87. 
 
 Servants, multitude of, in Turkey, III. 
 xiii. 33. 
 
 Servia, picture of, by Lamartine, III. 
 xiii. 14, 15 prosperous state of, 26 
 the revolt of, against Turkey, 36 the 
 revolt of, and its results, 74 state of, 
 in 1821, xiv. 13 terms demanded by 
 Russia for, xv. 6 and accepted by 
 Turkey, ib. demands of Russia re- 
 garding, at Ackerman, 15 provisions 
 of convention regarding, 17 revolu- 
 tion in, V. xxxii. 54 proposed cession 
 of, to Austria, VII. xii. 120. 
 
 Servians, race of the, III. xiii. 7 revolt 
 of the, in Hungary, VIII. liv. 42. 
 
 Services in kind, abolition of, in Prussian 
 Poland, VII. xlvi. 14. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph, 
 
 S
 
 274 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Seryiles, party called, in the Cortes of 
 1820, II. vii. 79. 
 
 Sesia, the, conditions of armistice regard- 
 ing, VIII. lii. 98. 
 
 Session, court of, decision of, regarding 
 the old poor-law, VII. xlii. 27 de- 
 cisions of, on right of able-bodied 
 poor to relief, 29 and note. 
 
 Setif, occupation of, by the French, VI. 
 xxxiv. 57. 
 
 Setola, defeat of the Ghoorkas at, VI. 
 xxxix. 43. 
 
 Seton, colonel, at the loss of the Birken- 
 head, VIII. lvi. 71 and note. 
 
 Settlement, new law of, V. xxxi. 150. 
 
 Severn, the, at the battle of Algiers, I. 
 ii. 77. 
 
 Seville, the archbishop of, speech of, at 
 the opening of the Cortes, 1820, II. 
 vii. 32. 
 
 Seville, refuses to receive the governor 
 appointed by the king, II. xi. 44, 45 
 the authorities of, defy the govern- 
 ment, 47, 48 retreat of the Cortes 
 and advance of the French on, xii. 77 
 reaction against the revolution in, 79. 
 
 Sexes, proportion of the, in Constantin- 
 ople, III. xiii. 42. 
 
 Seymour, Sir G., a lord of the Admiralty, 
 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Seyraour, Sir H., declaration of Nicholas 
 regarding Egypt to, V. xxxii. 40 the 
 partition of Turkey as proposed to, 
 
 VII. xli. 120. 
 
 Sfakiotes, the, insurrection of, in Crete, 
 
 III. xiv. 47 heroism of, 75. 
 
 Sfroni, general, governor of Leghorn, 
 
 VIII. lii. 2. 
 
 Shadwell, Mr, becomes vice-chancellor, 
 
 IV. xxi. 91. 
 
 Shaftesbury, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 Shaftesbury, lord, on the decline of 
 
 population, VIII. lvi. 35. 
 Shah-Ghur, fortress of, VIII. xlix. 12. 
 Shahpoorie, attack on, by the Burmese, 
 
 VI. xxxix. 55. 
 Shakespeare, Captain Sir Richard, sent 
 
 to superintend the fortifying of Herat, 
 
 VI. xl. 84 liberation of the prisoners 
 
 in Affghanistan by, VIII. xlviii. 102 
 
 ct seq. 
 Shanghae, powers of viceroy of, VIII. 
 
 xlviii. 10 capture of',41 opening of, 4 5. 
 Sbarpe, A., trial and sentence of, VII. 
 
 xliii. 137. 
 Shaw, alderman, at the Spafield riots, I. 
 
 ii. 07. 
 Shaw, Mr, opposition of, to the tithe 
 
 bill, V. xxxi. 137. 
 Shaw, Sir Charles, evidence of, on strikes, 
 
 VI. xxxvii. 55 note. 
 
 Sheehan, Mr during the elections of 
 1826, IV. xxi. 45. 
 
 Sheep, consumption of, in Paris, 1789- 
 1840, III. xvii. 126 note. 
 
 Sheerness, gai-rison required for, VII. 
 xliii. 27 note. 
 
 Sheffield, members given to, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note violent reform meeting at, 
 104 elections of 1835 in, VI. xxxv. 
 19 small proportion of children at 
 school at, VII. xli. 81 note. 
 
 Sheffield and Manchester Railway, par- 
 liamentary expenses of, VII. xlii. 5 
 note. 
 
 Shiel, Mr, during the elections of 1826, 
 
 IV. xxi. 45 description of the state 
 of Ireland in 1828, 117 increased 
 violence of, 126 violent language of, 
 1830, xxiii. 26 note arguments of, 
 against the coercion act, V. xxxi. 36 
 
 el seq altercatiou between, and the 
 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer, 113 
 opposition of, to the tithe bill, 137 
 violence of, during the elections of 
 1835, VI. xxxv. 21 opposes Lord 
 Londonderry's appointment, 28 
 arguments of, on the Irish church, 33 
 resistance of, to tithes, xxxvi. 43 
 revives the Catholic Association, 41 
 resistance of, to an Irish poor-law, 46 
 speech of, on the Irish corporation 
 bill, 1837, 58 note master of the 
 mint, 1846, VII. xliii. 4 note opposes 
 Lord George Bentinck's railway 
 scheme, 63. 
 
 Shelley, P. B., the poems of, I. v. 23. 
 
 Shelton, genei'al, on the first outbreak 
 at Cabul, VI. xl. 104 jealousy be- 
 tween, and Elphinstone, 109 storm- 
 ing of the Rickabashec fort, 110 de- 
 feats the Affghans on the heights, 112 
 opposes removal into the Bala- 
 Hissar, 115 defeat of, at Beh-Meru, 
 116 ct seq. declares against holding 
 the Bala-Hissar, 126 during the 
 retreat, 133 his surrender, 134. 
 
 Shore Mahommed, forces under, VIII. 
 xlix. 20 movements, &c. of, 22 his 
 position, 23 battle of Hyderabad, 24 
 et seq. his flight, 27 and final defeat, 
 28. 
 
 Shere Singh, accession of, VIII. xlix. 32 
 his murder, 33 revolt of, 96 
 operations of, 99 battle of Chillian- 
 wallah, 100 et seq. retreat of, toward 
 Goojerat, 103 battle of Goojerat, 104 
 et seq. surrender of, 106. 
 
 Sheridan, friendship between, and Can- 
 ning, II. xi. 3 note the comedies of, 
 
 V. xxviii. 29. 
 
 Sheriffs, powers of the, under the new 
 Scotch poor-law, VII. xlii. 29. 
 
 The Larye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 275 
 
 Sheriff Courts, cases in the, in Scotland, 
 I. iv. 20. 
 
 Shields, member given to, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Shikargahs of Scinde, the, VIII. xlix. 
 2. 
 
 Shikarpoor, route of the Afghanistan 
 expedition by, VI. xl. 59, 61. 
 
 Shinwarree Valley, expedition of Pollock 
 into the, VIII. xlviii. 86. 
 
 Ships' broadsides, comparison of, with 
 land batteries, VI. xxxiv. 28. 
 
 Ship-building, alleged falling off iD, in 
 England, III. xix. 27. 
 
 Shipowners, arguments of the, against 
 the reciprocity system, III. xix. 27 
 discussion regarding the, 1827, IV. 
 xxi. 82. 
 
 Shipping, British and foreign, propor- 
 tions of, 1820-51, 1, i. 28 note British, 
 1792 and 1815, ii. 2 statistics of, 1818, 
 iv. 43 British, to Canada and the 
 United States, II. vii. 6 note French, 
 1822-30, III. xvii. 38 note Mr Wal- 
 lace's five acts relating to, xix. 22 
 effects of the reciprocity system in 
 depreciating, 29 its effects on British 
 and foreign, 30 and on that with the 
 Baltic powers, 31 statistics of, 1801- 
 49, 30 note inapplicability of free- 
 trade principle to, 51 colonial, new 
 laws regarding, 1825, 77 amount of, 
 with the West Indies, V. xxxi. 91 
 West Indies, 1828-41, 104 note Irish, 
 before and since the Union, 124 note 
 French, 1837-41, VI. xxxiv. 9 note 
 British, 1834-6, xxxv. 13 note Cana- 
 dian, increase of, since 1841, xxxvii. 
 112 comparison of navy with, 1792 
 and 1838, xxxviii. 35 note British, 
 1815 and 1845, VII. xli. 117 note- 
 British, increase of, 1842 to 1847, xlii. 
 13 and note statistics of, 1845 to 
 1850, xliii. 123 note British aud 
 foreign, 1842-56, 166 note French, 
 1840 to 1S47, xliv. 2 note French, 
 decline in, 1848, VIII. Ii. 33 results 
 of repeal of navigation laws on, lvi. 
 17. 
 
 Shipping interest, the old protective 
 system toward the, IV. xxiii. 124 
 practical disfranchisement of the, by 
 the reform bill, 143, 145 subjected 
 by it to adverse interests, 146 sup- 
 port the repeal of the corn laws, VII. 
 xlii. 65. 
 
 Shoes, proposed reduction of duties on, 
 VII. xlii. 49. 
 
 Shopkeepers, the, transference of politi- 
 cal power to, IV. xxiii. 1 predomi- 
 nance given by the reform bill to, 135, 
 136 interests of the, at variance with 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 those of the colonies, 146 distress of, 
 in Paris after the Revolution, xxv. 14 
 distress of, in Great Britain, 1839, 
 VI. xxxvii. 39. 
 
 Shrewsbury, a missionary in Barbadoes, 
 treatment of, by the planters, V. xxxi. 
 86. 
 
 Shuldham, general, operations of, in 
 Burmah, VI. xxxix. 66. 
 
 Shumshoodeen, defeat of, before Ghuz- 
 nee, VIII. xlviii. 95. 
 
 Siam, treaty with king of, VI. xxxix. 75. 
 
 Siberia, the conquest of, by Ivan the 
 Terrible, II. viii. 38 banishment to, 
 as a punishment in Russia, 36 estab- 
 lishment of schools in, 66 the Rus- 
 sian political exiles in, 142 number 
 exiled to, in 1826, III. xv. 20 popu- 
 lation of, 1831, IV. xxvi. 41 note. 
 
 Sichem, capture of, by the Dutch, IV. 
 xxv. 71. 
 
 Sicily, constitutionalist feeling in, II. 
 vii. 101 causes which prepared for 
 revolution in, 109 the revolution in, 
 110 etseq. negotiations between, and 
 Naples, 113 suppression of the in- 
 sun-ection in, 114, 115 overthrow of 
 the revolution in, VIII. 79 recep- 
 tion of Lord Minto in, VII. xlvi. 78 
 revolt in, 1848, 84 convulsions in, 
 87 revolution and civil war in, VIII. 
 lii. 15 etseq. -spread of it, 19 Ferdi- 
 nand dethroned, and the Duke of 
 Genoa elected king, 21 contest at 
 Messina, 22 forces of the insur- 
 gents, 106 failure of negotiations, 
 and renewal of the war, 107 fall of 
 Catania, 108 submission of Palermo, 
 and close of the war, 109. 
 
 Sickak, battle of the, V. xxxiii. 1 05. 
 
 Sieorre, general, operations under, III. 
 xv. 135. 
 
 Siddons, Mrs, as an actress, I. v. 101. 
 
 Sidi-Embauck, an Arab chief, VII. xlv. 
 31 defeat and death of, ib. 
 
 Sidi-Feruch, landing of the French at, 
 III. xvii. 43 battle of, 44. 
 
 Sidintzka, M., resignation of, VIII. liv. 
 6. 
 
 Sidmouth, lord, measures of, against the 
 Radical movements in 1817, I. iv. 13 
 circular from, on the insurrectionary 
 spirit, 14 character, &c. of, 41 de- 
 fence of the suspension of the habeas 
 corpus act by, ib. conduct of, on the 
 Manchester meeting, II. x. 28 efforts 
 of, to augment the military force in 
 1819, 33 the Six Acts introduced 
 by, 35 impression made on the Radi- 
 cal leaders by, 36 efforts of, for in- 
 creasing the yeomanry, 54 at the 
 trial of the queen, 84 firmness of, 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 276 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Sidmouth, lord, continued. 
 
 after the acquittal of the queen, 90 
 retirement of, from the home-secre- 
 taryship, 114 his character, ib. 
 attack on Lord Grey with regard to 
 the reform bill by, IV. xxiii. 10 note. 
 
 Sidon, storming of, by the British, V. 
 xxxii. 71. 
 
 Siecle, the, tone of, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 40 
 supports Thiers, 1810, 76. 
 
 Siege, state of, in Paris, continued by 
 the Assembly, VIII. li. 6. 
 
 Sieroczyn, defeat of the Russians at, 
 IV. xxvi. 53 parallel between, and 
 Balaklava, 54. 
 
 Sierawiki, general, defeats of, by Kreutz, 
 IV. xxvi. 68. 
 
 Sierra Leone, proposed admission of 
 negro labourers from, VII. xliii. 8. 
 
 Sierra-Pambley, Don Philippe, becomes 
 finance minister, II. xi. 52. 
 
 Sikhs, the, rise of the kingdom of, 
 VI. xl. 39 jealousy between them 
 and the AfTghans, 40 origin of, VIII. 
 xlix. 50 description of them, and 
 their power, 51 their country, 52 
 Runjeet Singh, 53 hostile disposition 
 of, after the death of Runjeet Singh, 
 VI. xl. 85. See Punjaub. 
 
 Silemno, pass through the Balkan by, 
 III. xv. 129. 
 
 Silemo, defeat of the Italians at, VIII. 
 Hi. 35. 
 
 Silene, crew of the, liberated at Algiers, 
 
 III. xvii. 47. 
 
 Silesia, originally a province of Poland, 
 
 IV. xxvi. 7 the cotton manufactures 
 of, V. xxvii. 7 revolt in, 1844, 72 
 the estates of, their meeting, &c. in 
 1845, 74 Sclavonic population of, 
 VIII. liii. 4. 
 
 Silistria, the fortress of, III. xiii. 54 
 the pacha of, operations of. against 
 Ipsilanti, xiv. 32 blockaded by 
 General Roth, xv. 47 siege of, 
 abandoned by the Russians, 64 gar- 
 rison of, 1828, 42 commencement of 
 siege of, 117 description of it, 119 
 capture of, 128 convention between 
 Russia and Turkey for evacuation of, 
 
 V. xxxiii. 62. 
 
 Silk, fall in, 1818 to 1822, II. x. 23 note 
 remission of duties on, 1824, 111. 
 xix. 11 raw and thrown, diminution 
 of the duties on, 49 raw, prices of, 
 1824-5, 64 note consumption of, 
 1822-5, ib. fall in, 1825-6, 79 note- 
 raw, reduction of duties on, IV. xxii. 
 9 raw and wrought, imports of, 
 1826-8, 9 note prices of, 1827-9, 
 16 note imports of, ib. prices of, 
 1824-32, xxiii. 130 note fall in price 
 
 of, 1782-1837, VI. xxxvii. 46 note- 
 imports of, 1839-44, VII. xli. 77 note 
 abolition of duty on, xlii. 15 prices 
 of, 1845 to 1851, xliii. 115 note- 
 decline in imports of, France, 1848, 
 VIII. li. 33. 
 
 Silks, wrought, exports of, 1823-49, III. 
 xix. 49 note. 
 
 Silk manufacture, origin of the, in Eng- 
 land, III. xix. 48 proposed reduc- 
 tion of duties on, VII. xlii. 48, 49. 
 
 Silk thread, imports of, 1827-9, IV. xxii. 
 16 note. 
 
 Silk trade, state of the, 1823, III. xix. 
 48 application of free trade to, 49 
 depressed condition of the, 1829, IV. 
 xxii. 16. 
 
 Silk weavers, discussion regarding the, 
 IV. xxi. 82 motion on the distress 
 of the, 1829, xxii. 9 depressed state 
 of the, in France, 1831, V. xxix. 2. 
 
 Silver, at present the true standard of 
 value, II. x. 9 proposed introduction 
 of, as a standard of currency, IV. 
 xxi. 15 danger of a currency de- 
 pendent on retention of, VI. xxxv. 4 
 drain of, from England to India, 
 xxxix. 32. 
 
 Silver coinage, new, in Great Britain, 
 I. ii. 64. 
 
 Silver standard, a, proposed by Mi- 
 Baring, &c, IV. xxii. 32 arguments 
 against it, ib. note. 
 
 Silviera, violent measures of, in Portu- 
 gal, 1820, II. vii. 99 expelled from 
 Lisbon, 100. 
 
 Simbschen, general, defeat of, at the 
 Somma Campagna, VIII. lii. 69 at 
 Temesvar, Iv. 74 surrender of Dem- 
 binski's forces to, 83. 
 
 Simeon, M., called to the council of 
 state, I. vi. 82 becomes minister of 
 the interior, II. ix. 44 arguments of, 
 for re-establishing the censorship, 57 
 efforts of, on behalf of the new 
 electoral law, 63 arguments of, for 
 the new electoral law, 68 new law 
 regarding the censorship of the press 
 proposed by, 103 the royalists on, 
 105 appointed member of the Privy 
 Council, 107. 
 
 Simla bank, the, VI. xxxix. 31 note. 
 
 Simmons, M., violent declaration of, VI. 
 xxxiv. 25. 
 
 Simmons, mnjor, force under, VIII. 
 xlviii. 77. 
 
 Simonich, general, VIII. liv. 44 mar- 
 shal, captures Leopoldstadt, lv. 8. 
 
 Simonich, count, intrigues of, in Affghan- 
 istan, VI. xl. 41 treaty arranged by, 
 43 his proceedings disavowed, 51. 
 
 Sinai, mount, V. xxxii. 63. 
 
 The Lanje Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 277 
 
 Sinclair, Sir John, the works of, I. v. 83. 
 Sinclair, Miss, the novels of, I. v. 76. 
 Singapore, acquisition of, by the British, 
 
 VI. xxxix. 86. 
 
 Sinking fund, the, at the close of the war, 
 
 I. ii. 2 amount of, in 1816, 15, 16 
 1817, iv. 17 amount of, 1818, 31,42 
 amount of debt paid off by it, 42 
 Mr Vansittart's plan regarding, 
 81 the French, its amount in 1820, 
 
 II. ix. 79 note reduction of, by the 
 budget of 1822, x. 145 Castlereagh's 
 efforts to maintain, 157 its practical 
 abandonment, 158 the French, III. 
 xvii. 37 arrangements regarding, 
 1823, xix. 14 provision for, 1825, 
 70 amount paid to, 1826-8, IV. xxi. 
 81 surplus applicable to, 1829, xxii. 
 10 Mr Baring's speech on its aban- 
 donment, 36 reflections on its aban- 
 donment, 38 causes which led to it, 
 39 et seq. debt paid off by, V. xxxi. 
 156 entire extinction of, VI. xxxvi. 
 50 entire ignoring of, 1845, VII. xlii. 
 20. 
 
 Sipiagine, general, operations of, in Per- 
 sia, III. xv. 23. 
 
 Sirdar Khan, installation of, at Mooltan, 
 and efforts to save Vans Agnew, &c, 
 VIII. xlix. 94. 
 
 Sirene, the, at Navarino, III. xiv. 160, 
 161, 162. 
 
 Sismondi, the works of, III. xviii. 27 
 his social and political essays, 28 his 
 political opinions, 29. 
 
 Sisters of charity, the, during the yellow 
 fever at Barcelona, II. xi. 43 in 
 France, III. xvi. 34. 
 
 Sivas, population of, III. xiii. 32 note. 
 
 Six Acts, the, introduced into parlia- 
 ment, II. x. 35. 
 
 Sizepolis, capture of, by the Russians, 
 
 III. xv. 113 repulse of the Turks at, 
 110. 
 
 Skalski, murder of Gielgud by, IV. xxvi. 
 
 81. 
 Skariatine, general, defeated at Herrnan- 
 
 stadt, VIII. Iv. 21 death of, 69. 
 Skarzinski, general, forces under, IV. 
 
 xxvi. 60 operations of, 62. 
 Skerret, general, monument to, I. ii. 
 
 62. 
 Skibbereen, bai-ony of, the famine in, 
 
 VII. xliii. 40. 
 
 Skinner, captain, during the retreat 
 from Cabul, VI. xl. 134. 
 
 Skouleni, crossing of the Pruth by the 
 Russians at, III. xv. 31. 
 
 Ski'zynecki, general, IV. xxvi. 21 at 
 Grochow, 48 at Praga, 50 ap- 
 pointed commander-in-chief, 56 his 
 biography and character, 57 attempts 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 at negotiation, and preparations, 58 
 his plan of operations, 59 his forces, 
 60 successes of, 61 defeat of the 
 Russians, 62 further operations of, 64 
 plan adopted by, 65 victory of, at 
 Iganie, 66 arrested by cholera, 67 
 check sustained by, ib. forces under, 
 and operations in Lithuania, and against 
 Diebitch, 71 marches against the 
 Russian right, 73 and Diebitch against 
 his rear, 74 battle of Ostrolenka, 75 
 his repulse, 76 excitement in Warsaw 
 against, 79 forces under, and prepa- 
 rations, 83 inactivity of, 84 his fall, 
 85 his magnanimity, ib. 
 
 Slanes Castle, visit of George IV. to, II. 
 x. 110. 
 
 Slanes Valley, burial of Napoleon in, II. 
 ix. 121. 
 
 Slaves, the liberation of, from Algiers, 
 &c., I. ii. 81 increase in importation 
 of, since emancipation, VII. xliii. 14 
 increased importation of, caused by 
 the sugar-duties bill of 1846, 18 
 treaty between England and France 
 regarding right of search for, xlvi. 
 12. See Negro. 
 
 Slave-grown sugar, declaration of Peel 
 against, 1841, VI. xxxviii. 44 Pal- 
 merston on the admission of, 48 pro- 
 posed reduction of duties on, VII. 
 xli. 106 alleged necessity for admis- 
 sion of, xliii. 5 proposed reduction 
 of duties on, 8 arguments against 
 admission of, 9 et seq increased pro- 
 duction and import of, since 1847, 17 
 and note. 
 
 Slave ships, the modern, VI. xxxvii. 1 19, 
 120 the Spanish and Portuguese, 
 VII. xliii. 14 a Brazilian, picture of, 
 ib. note. 
 
 Slave states, increased production in, 
 since emancipation, V. xxxi. 106. 
 
 Slave trade, the, treaty with Spain, &c. 
 for the abolition of, I. iv. 45 and 
 for its limitation, II. vii. 49 resolu- 
 tion of the Congress of Verona re- 
 garding, xii. 16 convention between 
 France and England regarding, III. 
 xvi. 67 importance it had assumed, 
 V. xxxi. 76 influence of abolition of, 
 in fixing the negroes on particular 
 estates, 81 impetus given hy emanci- 
 pation to, 106 its increase, 107 
 Lord Brougham on the increasing 
 horrors of, VI. xxxvii. 118 et seq. 
 Palmerston on the suppression of, 
 xxxviii. 48 the right of search 
 in connection with, VII. xli. 87 
 alleged effect of admission of slave- 
 grown sugars in restoring, xliii. 13 
 its increased extent and horrors, 14 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 278 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Slave trade, continued. 
 
 effect of the admission of slave- 
 grown sugars on, 18 efforts of Eng- 
 land for the suppression of, xliv. 
 47 treaty with France for its sup- 
 pression, 48 and with the allied 
 powers, 49 its provisions, 50 is not 
 ratified, 51. 
 
 Slavery, necessity for, in Russia, II. viii. 
 31 in early times, V. xxxi. 84 reso- 
 lutions of parliament in 1823 regard- 
 ing, and their rejection by the planters, 
 85 Orders in Council regarding, 1831, 
 87 the Orders in Council of 1831 re- 
 garding, xxxv. 87 resistance in the 
 colonies to these, 89 the alleged en- 
 couragement of, by admission of slave- 
 grown sugar, VII. xliii. 6 explana- 
 tions of conduct of England with re- 
 gard to, 19 abolition of, in Scinde, 
 VIII. xlix. 30 abolition of, through- 
 out France, li. 17. 
 
 Sleigh, general, capture of Doorjun Saul 
 by, VI. xxxix. 85. 
 
 Sliding scale, proposed, 1827, IV. xxi. 
 77, 78 adoption of the principle of 
 the, 101 arguments of Peel for a, 
 VII. xli. 33 that proposed by him, 
 34 arguments against it, 35 et seq. 
 bill passed, 40 reception of it in the 
 country, 41 the Protectionists on the 
 effects of the, xlii. 00 operations of 
 the, in admitting corn duty-free, 87. 
 
 Slwno, defeat of the Turks at, III. xv. 
 133. 
 
 Small notes, former acts prohibiting, IV. 
 xxi. 6 more steadfast circulation of, 
 21 bill prohibiting the circulation of 
 Scotch, in England, 102 effect of the 
 suppression of, in stimulating the de- 
 sire for reform, xxii. 8 contraction of 
 currency caused by their entire sup- 
 pression in 1829, and distress caused 
 by it, 16 suppression of, fall of prices 
 caused by, and influence of this in 
 compelling the remission of taxes, 40 
 effects of the want of, in France, VII. 
 xliv. 19. 
 
 Small notes bill, introduction of, II. x. 
 149 its provisions, 150 debate on 
 the bill for suppressing, and arguments 
 for it, IV. xxi. 5 et seq. arguments 
 against it, 12 it is carried, 16 its 
 effects, 17 et seq. augmentation of 
 currency caused by, 1623, III. xix. 4. 
 
 Small properties, alleged effect of, on 
 agriculture, 111. xvi. 46 effects of 
 the, in France, xvii. 127. 
 
 Smart, sergeant, during the outbreak in 
 Glasgow in 1848, VII. xliii. 128. 
 
 Smith, Adam, influence of, 1. v. 37 
 views of, on the currency question, II. 
 
 The La 
 
 x. 4 on a paper currency, 8 on the 
 effect of variations in the currency, 1 
 on the benefits of an inconvertible 
 paper currency, 16 note on the navi- 
 gation laws, III. xix. 20 exceptions 
 to free-trade principle by, VII. xli. 
 35. 
 
 Smith, baron, the case of, and proceed- 
 ings of parliament on it, V. xxxi. 
 115. 
 
 Smith, Dr, conversation of Cobbett on 
 the potato with, VII. xlii. 38 note. 
 
 Smith, Sir Harry, at Moodkee, VIII. 
 xlix. 64 at Ferozeshah, 68, 69 cap- 
 ture of Dhurum Kote by, 76 subse- 
 quent movements, 77 battle of Ali- 
 wal, 78 called up to Sobraon, 81 
 at Sobraon, 82, 84 operations of, 
 against the Caffres, VIII. lvi. 48, 49 
 at Wellington's funeral, 78, 79 note. 
 
 Smith, Mr J., on the reform bill, IV. 
 xxiii. 54 note. 
 
 Smith, Sir Lionel, recommends the aboli- 
 tion of the apprenticeship system, VI. 
 xxxvii. 121 on the results of it, 122, 
 123. 
 
 Smith, Sydney, as an essayist, I. v. 47 
 on Lord John Russell, IV. xxiii. 20 
 on the delusions prevalent regarding 
 the reform bill, 70 character of Lord 
 Melbourne by, VI. xxxvi. 2. 
 
 Smith the missionary, trial and death of, 
 
 V. xxxi. 86. 
 
 Smith, lieutenant, death of, at Hydera- 
 bad, VIII. xlix. 24. 
 
 Smith, major, in Gwalior, VIII. xlix. 
 38. 
 
 Smith, general, operations of, against the 
 Peishwah, VI. xxxix. 48 captures 
 Sattara, 49 further successes, ib. 
 
 Smith, colonel, repulse of, at Kyploo, 
 
 VI. xxxix. 60. 
 
 Smith, Mr, of Norwich, on the pound, I. 
 iv. 06 arguments of, for repeal of the 
 test and corporation acts, IV. xxi. 104 
 on the effect of Catholic emancipa- 
 tion in increasing the desire for reform, 
 xxii. 7. 
 
 Smith, Mrs Charlotte, the novels of, I. 
 v. 68. 
 
 Smithers, murder of, by Thistlewood, II. 
 x. 47. 
 
 Rmolensko, statistics of, IV. xxvi. 44. 
 
 .Smollett, the novels of, I. v. 68. 
 
 Smyrna, jiopulation of, IN. xiii. 32 note 
 
 massacres of the Creeks in, xiv. 26 
 
 renewed massacres in, 43 acknow- 
 ledgment of Mehemet AH by, V. 
 xxxii. 25 establishment of academy 
 at, 53. 
 
 Smythe, Miss, afterwards Mrs Fitzher- 
 bert, VI. xxxvi. 77. 
 
 rye Human numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 279 
 
 Sneyd, captain, at the battle of Donabru, 
 VI. xxxix. 65. 
 
 Soap, reduction of duty on, 1833, V. 
 xxxi. 58, 59 note proposed reduc- 
 tion of duties on, VII. xlii. 49. 
 
 Sobanski, insurrection in Podolia under, 
 IV. xxvi. 70. 
 
 Sobieski, the deliverance of Vienna by, 
 III. xiii. 34, 35. 
 
 Sobraon, position of the Sikhs at, VIII. 
 xlix. 80 forces and preparations, 81 
 battle, 82 et sec/. its results, 86. 
 
 Sobrier, M., leader of the extreme party, 
 VIII. 1. 54 leader of the Club of Clubs, 
 li. 2. 
 
 Sochozannet, general, operations under, 
 near Varna, III. xv. 58. 
 
 Social changes, influence of the railway 
 system on, IV. xxii. 63. 
 
 Social comfort, the passion for, in Eng- 
 land, II. x. 1, 2. 
 
 Social and Political Essays, Sismondi's, 
 III. xviii. 28. 
 
 Social passions, commencement of con- 
 flict arising from, I. i. 2 causes of its 
 violence, 3 increased emigration to 
 America caused by the, 65. 
 
 Social state, influence of the reform bill 
 on, IV. xxiii. 121. 
 
 Socialism, spread of, among the working 
 classes in France, V. xxx. 63, VII. 
 xliv. 8, 13, 18 blindness of the gov- 
 ernment, &c. to its dangers, 14 
 spread of, in Gallicia, xlvi. 17 
 declaration of Lamartine in favour of, 
 xlvii. 23. 
 
 Socialists, the, efforts of the liberals to 
 keep back, VII. xlvii. 22 true princi- 
 ples of, VIII. 1. 16 answer to their 
 doctrines, 18 great demonstration 
 of, 52 discontent of, with the exe- 
 cutive commission, 68 division be- 
 tween, and the Assembly, 69 in- 
 surrection of, 70 et seq. insurrec- 
 tion resolved on by, 77 measures 
 against them, 80 the insurrection, 81 
 
 et seq views of, as enunciated by 
 
 Proudhon, li. 3 abortive insurrection 
 of, June 1849, lvii. 17 flight of their 
 leaders, 18 triumph of, in elections 
 for Paris, March 1850, 23 revolt of, 
 after the coup d'etat, 5 1 . 
 
 Societe" Dissidente, the, VII. xlvii. 49. 
 
 Socidte des Droits de 1' Homme, revolt 
 of June 1848 organised under, VIII. 
 1. 82. 
 
 Societe" des Families, the, in Paris, its 
 organisation, &c, VI. xxxiv. 35 it is 
 changed into La Societe" des Saisons, 
 36. 
 
 Societe" Gauloise, the, at Lamarque's 
 funeral, V. xxix. 58. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 Societe* _Ge*ne"rale de Bruxelles, cash pay- 
 ments suspended by, 1848, VIII. liii. 
 18. 
 
 Socie"te" des Saisons, organisation, ob- 
 jects, &c. of the, VI. xxxiv. 36 insur- 
 rection of, 37. 
 
 Society, spread of the exclusive system 
 in, I. v. 108 its effect, 109 structure 
 of, in Germany, its influence on their 
 comedy, V. xxviii. 30. 
 
 Sohahini, death of, at Sphacteria, III. 
 xiv. 122. 
 
 Soil, exhaustion of the, in the West 
 Indies, V. xxxi. 100. 
 
 Soldiers, danger of leaving them mingled 
 with insurgent mobs, III. xvii. 108 
 old and young, Wellington on, VII. 
 xliii. 95 note disbanded, number and 
 influence of, in Gallicia, xlvi. 19. 
 
 Soleure, changes in constitution of, 1830, 
 IV. xxiv. 86. 
 
 Soltyk, Roman, moves the dethrone- 
 ment of Nicholas in the Polish Diet, 
 IV. xxvi. 40 on the prosperity of 
 Poland, 1831, 42 plan of attack re- 
 commended by, 65. 
 
 Somerset, Lord Fitzroy, sent by Wel- 
 lington to Madrid in 1823, II. xii. 
 27. 
 
 Somerset, Lord Granville, commissioner 
 of land revenue, 1835, VI. xxxv. 16 
 note chancellor of duchy of Lancas- 
 ter, 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Somerset, colonel, repulse of, by the 
 Caffres, VIII. lvi. 49. 
 
 Somerset, major, death of, at Feroze- 
 shah, VIII. xlix. 74. 
 
 Somerset, additional members for, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Somma Campagna, defeat of Charles 
 Albert at the, VIII. lii. 69. 
 
 Somnauth, removal of the gates of, VIII. 
 xlviii. 96 restoration of gates, and 
 object of it, 109 reflections on it, 
 110. 
 
 Sonderhausen, accepts the Germanic 
 constitution of 1848, VIII. liii. 77. 
 
 Song of the Bell, Schiller's, V. xxviii. 
 20. 
 
 " Sons of Liberty," the, in Lower Canada, 
 VI. xxxvii. 78. 
 
 Soojah-ool-Moolk, Shah, accession of, 
 and treaty with the English, VI. xl. 
 26 dethronement of, 35 his after 
 adventures, and efforts to regain his 
 throne, 36 determination of the 
 British government to restore, 52 
 error in this, 53 his incapacity, &c, 
 ib. treaty for his restoration, 54 
 preparations and forces for expedition, 
 56, 57 march of the expedition, 59 
 et seq. massacre of Ghazee prisoners 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 280 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Soojah-ool-Moolk, continued. 
 
 by, 69 entry of, into Cabul, 74 un- 
 popularity of, 77 pageants, &c. at 
 Cabul, 80 suspected of complicity in 
 the insurrection, 95 general deser- 
 tion of, 98 on the conduct of the 
 British officers at Cabul, 102 note 
 attempt of, to save Burnes, 104 
 urges removal into the Bala-Hissar, 
 115, 119 terms of the capitulation re- 
 garding, 121 murder of, VIII. xlviii. 
 82 family of, take refuge with the 
 British, 106 terms of treaty with, 
 regarding Scinde, xlix. 4. 
 
 Soojah - ool - Dowlah, murder of Shah 
 Soojah by, VIII. xlviii. 82. 
 
 Sophia, the princess, IV. xxi. 57. 
 
 Sophia, pass through the Balkan by, III. 
 xv. 129. 
 
 Sordut Singh, VIII. xlix. 33. 
 
 Sorion, M. von, VIII. liii. 43. 
 
 Soudjouk-Kald, capture of the Vixen at, 
 VI. xxxvi. 71. 
 
 Souliotes, see Suliotes. 
 
 Soulo, defeat of the Turks at, III. xiv. 
 47. 
 
 Soult, marshal, I. vi. 81 made a cheva- 
 lier of the Cordon Bleu, III. xvi. 36 
 during the Jubilee, 53 created a peer, 
 69 and the insurrection of St Meri, 
 xvii. 104 becomes minister-at-war, 
 IV. xxv. 8 measures proposed by, 
 against the Lyons insurgents, V. xxix. 
 14 advances against them, and their 
 submission, 16 preparations of, against 
 the insurrection of 1832, 63 military 
 measures of, against the insurgents, 
 68 forces accumulated by, ib. re- 
 commends abandonment of the Tuil- 
 eries, 69 his plan of operations, 70 
 their success, 71 storming of Cloister 
 of St Meri, 72 becomes premier, 83, 
 xxx. 9 circular to the prefects by, 
 10 measures of, in Algeria, and or- 
 ganisation of the Zouaves, 2.0 applied 
 to to form a ministry on the fall of 
 Thiers, xxxii. 70 resignation of, 
 xxxiii. 3 causes of it, ib. note refuses 
 the premiership in 1834, 11 recom- 
 mends the king to send for Thiers on 
 Mold's resignation, VI. xxxiv. 33 
 second ministry of, 38 measures of, 
 in the East in 1839, 54 majority in 
 the Deputies against, 72 his resigna- 
 tion, 73 again becomes premier, J 02 
 his ministry, ib. note urges the 
 fortification of Paris, 111 his military 
 view of the question, 112 at the coro- 
 nation of Queen Victoria, xxxviii. 2 
 character and influence of, VII. xliv. 
 103 at the last council of Louis 
 Philippe, xlvii. 65. 
 
 Tlic L 
 
 Sourajgurh, defeat of the Ghoorkas at, 
 VI. xxxix. 42. 
 
 Sourds et Muets, Institution des, grant 
 for, V. xxx. 18 note. 
 
 Souter, captain, during the retreat from 
 Cabul, VI. xl. 134. 
 
 South Africa, rate of exports per head 
 to, II. vii. 6 note. 
 
 South America, money raised in, 1803- 
 22, I. i. 36 note results of republi- 
 canism in, 56, 57 diminished supply 
 of the precious metals from, ii. 10 
 succours sent from England to the in- 
 surgents in, iv. 95 punishment of 
 the conduct of England toward, 105 
 losses sustained by her intercourse 
 with, 106 decline on her exports to, 
 1 07 cause of the loss of the Spanish 
 colonies in, II. vii. 5 influence of the 
 Cortes of 1812 on, 24 note from Eng- 
 land at Congress of Verona regarding 
 independence of, xii. 17 British ex- 
 ports to, 105 unjustifiableness of the 
 English intervention in, 130 its ulti- 
 mate effects on England, 131 effect 
 of the revolutions in, on the currency 
 of Great Britain, III. xix. 3 exports 
 to, 1817-25, ib. note act regarding 
 importation of produce from, 22 
 formal recognition of the republics of, 
 by England, 65, 66 Canning's mea- 
 sures with regard to, IV. xxi. 89 
 drain of gold to, xxii. 27 increased 
 supply of precious metals from, V. 
 xxxi. 112, VI. xxxv. 12 increased 
 supplies of gold from, 1844, VII. 
 xlii. 1. 
 
 South American colonies, effects of the 
 loss of, on the finances of Spain, II. 
 vii. 19, 50 decree of the home gov- 
 ernment regarding, 1818,51 fate of 
 first expedition against them, 53 
 proceedings of the liberal government 
 with regard to, 78. 
 
 South American insurgents, bill to pre- 
 vent succours to the, I. iv. 96 et seq. 
 the succours still continue, 103, 104. 
 
 South American mines, losses by the, 
 1825, III. xix. 79. 
 
 South American mining companies, the, 
 1825, III. xix. 66 and note. 
 
 South American republics, the, amount 
 of the loans to, 11. xii. 7 recognition 
 of, by Great Britain, and views of the 
 government on it, 101 et seq. effects 
 of this on British interests, 105 
 efforts in France for recognition of, 
 III. xvi. 41 effect of the independ- 
 ence of, on the currency of Great 
 Britain, xix. 4 acknowledgment of 
 the French republic by, VIII. 1. 
 46. 
 
 argc Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 281 
 
 South American revolutions, the, effects 
 of, on the mines, I. ii. 10 effects of, 
 in diminishing the supply of the pre- 
 cious metals, II. x. 17 influence of, on 
 the conduct of England toward Spain, 
 xii. 6. 
 
 South American speculations, drain of 
 specie caused by the, 1825, III. xix. 68. 
 
 South Carolina, statistics of banks in, 
 
 VI. xxxvii. 7 note. 
 
 South Eastern Railway, parliamentary 
 
 expenses of, VII. xlii. 5 note fall in, 
 
 1846-52, xliii. 120 note. 
 South Sea Islands, spread of Christianity 
 
 in the, VII. xli. 97. 
 South Wales, the Rebecca riots in, VII. 
 
 xli. 82 et seq. 
 South-Western Railway, fall in, 1846-52, 
 
 VII. xliii. 120 note. 
 Southampton, non-registration of for- 
 eigners at, VII. xlii. 32. 
 
 Southern Australia, principles of colonis- 
 ation adopted in, VI. xxxviii. 9, 11. 
 
 Southey, Robert, peculiar character of, 
 I. v. 19 his merits as a historian and 
 a moralist, 20 his conversation, &c, 
 ib. note. 
 
 Southwark Bridge, London, I. v. 87. 
 
 Souza, madame de, I. iii. 19 note. 
 
 Sheffield riots, the I. ii. 67. 
 
 Spain, effect of representative institutions 
 in, I. i. 57 position of the forces of, 
 in France, iii. 29 treaty with, for 
 abolition of slave trade, iv. 45 re- 
 monstrances of, against the aid given 
 the South American insurgents, 95 
 alleged treaty with, regarding succours 
 to the South American insurgents, 97, 
 101 commerce with her South 
 American colonies, 107 analogy of 
 the early history of, to that of Eng- 
 land, II. vii. 1 her colonies not a 
 source of weakness, 2 benefits she 
 derived from them, 4 commercial 
 decline of, from the loss of her co- 
 lonies, 6 her tyrannical rule over 
 them, 7 her colonial exports all of 
 foreign manufactures, 8 - want of 
 industry in the national character, 9 
 her physical circumstances favoured 
 commerce but not manufactures, 1 
 effects of the long-continued hostility 
 with the Moors, 11 impolitic laws of, 
 with regard to money, 12 effects of 
 the Roman Catholic faith on, 13 
 difference between the towns and the 
 country as to political opinion, 14 
 disposition of the army, 15 ten- 
 dencies and influence of the church 
 in, 16 state of the peasantry, 17 of 
 the nobility, 1 8 effects of the loss of 
 her South American colonies on her 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 revenues, 19 -the constitution of 
 1812, 20 democratic character of 
 the constitution, 21 its unsuitable- 
 ness to the people, 22 unpopularity 
 of the Cortes and constitution, 23 
 character of Ferdinand VII. 27 his 
 arrival, and treatment by the Cortes, 
 28 their unpopularity in, 29 decree 
 of Valencia, 30 rejoicings in, on the 
 decree of Valencia, and return of the 
 king to Madrid, 32 despotic measures 
 of the king, and re-establishment of 
 the Inquisition, 34 discontent there- 
 by excited in various districts, 35 
 revolt of Mina in Navarre, 36 fresh 
 arbitrary proceedings of the crown, 
 37, 38 revolt of Porlier, 38 its 
 failure, and his death, 39 invasion of 
 France by, in 1815, and retreat of her 
 troops, 40 fresh tyrannies of the 
 king, ib. new ministry, and change 
 of policy, 41 restoration of the 
 Jesuits, and other despotic measures, 
 42 double marriages between its 
 royal family and that of Portugal, 43 
 insurrection in Valencia, 45 con- 
 spiracy in Barcelona, 46 papal bull 
 regarding contributions by the church, 
 47 treaty regarding Queen of Etruria, 
 4S treaty with Great Britain for 
 limitation of the slave trade, 49 its 
 internal state, the army and navy, 50 
 penury of the finances of , 51 death 
 of the queen, 52 fate of first ex- 
 pedition to Lima, 53 fresh revolt in 
 Valencia, and its suppression, 54 
 causes of that in the Isle of Leon, 55 
 efforts of the liberals to promote 
 it, 56 the revolt of the army at Cad- 
 iz, 57 et seq. measures against the re- 
 volt at Cadiz, 59, 60 sale of Florida to 
 the United States, 62 marriage of the 
 king, 63 revolt of Riego and Quiroga 
 at Cadiz, 64 measures of the govern- 
 ment against them, 65 insurrection 
 at Corunna and in Navarre, 69 re- 
 volution at Madrid, and acceptance of 
 the constitution by the king, 70 re- 
 flections on the revolution of 1820 in, 
 71 its rapid progress, 72 reception 
 of it at Barcelona, 73 massacre at 
 Cadiz, 74 new ministry, 75 first 
 measures of the new government, 76 
 establishment of clubs, &c, 77 
 legislative measures, &c, 78 meeting 
 of the Cortes, and their composition, 
 79 disorders in the provinces, 80 
 opening of the Cortes, 82 report on 
 the state of the army, 83 leaders of 
 the Cortes, 84 suppression of the 
 Jesuits, and measures regarding en- 
 tails, 85 financial measures, 86 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 282 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Spain, continued. 
 
 tumult at Madrid, and dismissal of 
 Riego, 87 closing of the session, and 
 rupture with the king, 88 reception 
 of the decree against the priests, 89 
 complete triumph of the revolutionists, 
 92 society for executing Lynch law, 
 93 identity of its recent history, and 
 that of Portugal, 94 effects of the 
 revolution in, on the latter, 95 in- 
 fluence of, on Naples, 106 character 
 of the revolution of 1820 in, x. 103 
 attempted restoration of the royal 
 authority, xi. 27 opening of the 
 Cortes, and dismissal of the ministers, 
 28 conduct of the Cortes, and ap- 
 pointment of new ministry, 29 effect 
 produced by the crushing of the in- 
 surrection in Italy, 30 outbreak of 
 revolutionary fury in the east, 31 
 revolutionary laws passed by the 
 Cortes, 32 murder of the priest 
 Vinuesa, 33 institution of the Order 
 of the Hammer, 34 insurrection in 
 Navarre, and its suppression, 35 pro- 
 ceedings of the Cortes, 36 state of 
 the finances, and measures regarding 
 them, 37 fresh tumults in Madrid, 
 38 Murillo resigns, 39 the secret 
 societies or Communeros of, 40 plot 
 of Riego, and his arrest, 41 tumults 
 at Madrid on it, 42 yellow fever at 
 Barcelona, 43 fresh agitation, 44 
 revolt at Corunna, 45 opening of ex- 
 traordinary Cortes, 46 their contra- 
 dictory resolutions, 47 irresolute con- 
 duct of the king, and royalist insurrec- 
 tion in the north, 48 proposed laws 
 against the press and the clubs, 49 
 composition, &c. of the new Cortes, 
 51 new ministry, 52 opening of the 
 Cortes, and state of the finances, 53 
 general disturbances over, 54 pro- 
 ceedings of the Coi'tes, and progress 
 of the civil war, 55 etseq. severe laws 
 passed by the Cortes, 59 great ex- 
 tension of the civil war, 60 deplorable 
 state of the finances, 61 riot in 
 Madrid, 62 the struggle between the 
 R<yal Guard and the garrison, G3 
 entire overthrow of the royal autho- 
 rity, and new ministry, 69 provincial 
 appointments, &c, 70 severities of 
 the government, 71 execution of 
 Elio, 72 continued civil war in the 
 north, 73 vigorous measures of the 
 revolutionary government, 74 dis- 
 asters of the royalists, 76 effect pro- 
 duced by these, 77 effects of the 
 triumph of the revolutionists in, in 
 France and Europe, xii. 1 views in 
 Groat Britain regarding French inter- 
 
 Thc Lar 
 
 vention, 3, 4 danger of renewal of 
 the family compact between them, 5 
 amount of the British loans to, 7 
 views of the cabinet, &c, on the re- 
 volution in, 8, 9 instructions to the 
 French plenipotentiaries at Verona on, 
 18 and to the English, 19 measures 
 adopted by the majority of the 
 congress, 20 questions proposed by 
 France, and answers of the other 
 powers, 21 rupture of negotiations 
 with France, and withdrawal of the 
 French ambassador, 27 reply of the 
 government to the manifesto of 
 France, 30 discussion in the English 
 parliament on, 32 et seq. England 
 decides on non-intervention, 40 
 speech of Chateaubriand on, 41 et seq. 
 and of Manuel, 56 enthusiasm in 
 France for the intervention in, 61 
 preparations for it, ib. and of the 
 liberals in France against it, 62 feel- 
 ings in England regarding it, 63 first 
 difficulties of the French in, 68 forces 
 of, 70 imperfect organisation, &c. of 
 the army, and feelings of the popula- 
 tion, 71 commencement of the in- 
 vasion, 72 rapid progress of the 
 French, 73 et seq. their advance to 
 Madrid, 75 proclamation of the 
 French, ib. the French advance into 
 Andalusia, 77 proceedings of the 
 Cortes, and deposition of the king, 78 
 violent reaction, 79 the decree of 
 Andujar, 82 irritation of the royal- 
 ists, 83 dissolution of the Cortes and 
 liberation of the king, 88 his first 
 acts, 90 cruelties of the royalists, 92 
 execution of Riego, 93, 94 entry 
 of the king into Madrid, 95 new 
 ministry, &c, ib. distracted state of, 
 after the restoration, 96 intervention 
 of Russia in, offered and declined, 100 
 . former trade of, with her colonies, 
 105 inferences from the result of the 
 revolution of, 126 ability and mode- 
 ration of the French invasion, 127 it 
 was justifiable, 129 origin of the dif- 
 ferences between, and Portugal, 1826, 
 IV. xxi. 48, 49 government of, refuse 
 to recognise Louis Philippe, xxiv. 66 
 attempt from Paris to revolutionise, 
 1830, GO it favoured by Louis 
 Philippe, iY-C., (57 its failure, GS 
 change of the order of succession in, 
 88 motives and objects of it, 89 
 promulgation of the decree, 90 in- 
 tervention in, 1S36, advocated by 
 Thiers, V. xxxiii. 71 cause of the 
 decay of the colonies of, VI. xxxvii. 
 114 position of, toward England, 
 1811, VII. xli. 15 treaty of 1817 
 
 je Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 283 
 
 with, regarding the slave trade, xliv. 
 47 former law of, regarding the suc- 
 cession, xlvi. 34 its abrogation, 36 
 danger to England from alliance be- 
 tween France and, 35 alienation of 
 the king and queen, 60 intervention 
 of, in Rome, VIII. lii. 113 final 
 results of French revolution in, lvii. 
 54, 55. 
 
 Spaniards, the, and the slave trade, VI. 
 xxxvii. 118. 
 
 Spanish army, the treachery of the, in 
 1820, II. vii. 71. 
 
 Spanish landholders, influence of the, in 
 England on the Spanish question, II. 
 xii. 6. 
 
 Spanish church, papal bull regarding 
 contribution by the, II. vii. 47. 
 
 Spanish marriages, the, negotiations be- 
 tween France and England on, VII. 
 xli. 102 history of the question, xlvi. 
 34 danger to England from the 
 French and Spanish alliance, 35 re- 
 peal of the Salic law, and opening of 
 the Spanish throne to queens, 36 
 effects of this change on the interests 
 of England, 37 Queen Christina's 
 proposal of a double marriage to Louis 
 Philippe, 38 which is declined, 39 
 further conferences, 40 conferences 
 at the Chateau d'Eu and at Windsor 
 on them, 41 Christina offers her 
 daughter's hand to Prince Leopold, 
 42 intrigue for simultaneous mar- 
 riage of the Queen and Infanta, 43 
 Lord Palmerston's letter to Sir H. 
 Bulvver, 44 terror of Guizot, &c, at 
 the Coburg proposal, 45 the two 
 marriages are contracted on the same 
 day, 46 coldness in consequence be- 
 tween France and England, 47 effects 
 of this, 48, 49 who was to blame in 
 them, 50, 51 the Prince de Joiuville 
 on, xlvii. 3. 
 
 Spanish peasantry, character of the, II. 
 vii. 17 nobility, 18. 
 
 Spanish peninsula, character of the re- 
 volution of 1820 in the, II. vii. 122 
 causes of its failure, 123. 
 
 Spanish question, importance and dan- 
 gers of the, 1836, V. xxxiii. 70 resig- 
 nation of Thiers on it, 71. 
 
 Spanish revolution, influeuce of, in 
 Naples, II. vii. 106 different views 
 taken of the, in England and France, 
 xi. 1 effects of, on Greece and Tur- 
 key, III. xiv. 12 influence of the, on 
 Germany, V. xxvii. 21 of 1820, disas- 
 trous effects of, on Germany, 89. 
 
 Spanish slave-ships, the, VII. xliii. 14. 
 
 Spanish war, objects of the French gov- 
 ernment in the, III. xvii. 118. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 Spanish "West Indies, increased importa- 
 tion of slaves into the, VII. xliii. 
 14. 
 
 Speakership, division on the, 1835, VI. 
 
 xxxv. 22. 
 Special constables, enrolment of, in 
 London against the Charti&ts, VII. 
 xliii. 132. 
 
 Specie, abundance of, in 1818, I. iv. 33 
 drain of, from England, 1825, III. 
 xix. 68, 79 and note drain of, from 
 Bank of England to America, 1838, 
 &c, VI. xxxvii. 40 averages of, in 
 Bank, 1838-40, ib. note failure of the 
 bank charter act to prevent with- 
 drawal of, VII. xliii. 106 drain of, 
 from France, 1846, xlvii. 6 scar- 
 city of, in France, 1848, VIII. 1. 22, 
 23. 
 
 Spectator, the, supports the reform bill, 
 IV. xxiii. 71. 
 
 Speculation, tendency of variations in 
 the currency to foster, II. x. 1 2- the 
 distress of 1825 attributed to, IV. xxi. 
 4, 5 alleged causes of the, 1825, 14 
 rage for, in Germany, 1838, V. 
 xxvii. 56 increase of, in France, 1836, 
 xxxiii. 46 fever of, in France, 1838, 
 VI. xxxiv. 10 tendency of the mone- 
 tary system to foster, xxxv. 6 fer- 
 vour of, 1844, &c, and its direction 
 to railways, VII. xlii. 2 influence of, 
 on mercantile character, 6 alleged 
 influence of, on the monetary crisis of 
 1847, xliii. 79 effect of the bank 
 charter act in fostering, 103 alleged 
 failure of the bank charter act to 
 check, 109 effects of the monetary 
 system in inflaming, 142 how fos- 
 tered by the bank charter act, 152, 
 153 passion for, in France, 1841, 
 xliv. 3. 
 
 Speculative Society of Edinburgh, the, 
 I. iv. 52. 
 
 Speechmaking, tendency to, in the re- 
 formed parliament, V. xxxi. 28. 
 
 Spelt, produce of, in France, III. xvii. 
 128 note. 
 
 Spencean Philanthropists of 1817, the 
 I. iv. 12. 
 
 Spezzia, maritime importance of, III. 
 xiii. 43 revolt of, xiv. 22 threatened 
 by the Turks, 1826, 148. 
 
 Sphacteria, capture of, by the Turks, 
 III. xiv. 122. 
 
 Spices, fall in, 1825-6, III. xix. 79 
 note. 
 
 Spires, the bishop of, V. xxvii. 64. 
 
 Spirits, rise in the duty on, I. ii. 39 
 reduction of duties on, 1825, III. xix. 
 70 note discussion on this, 71 in- 
 crease of crime caused by it, 72 a fit 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 284 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Spirits, continued. 
 
 subject for taxation, 74 dangers, &c. 
 of cheap, ib. quantity consumed, and 
 criminal commitments, 1821-48, 73 
 note increase of duties on, IV. xxii. 
 34 consumption of, in England, 
 1722 and 1833, VI. xxxv. 27 fall in 
 price of, 1782-1837, xxxvii. 46 note 
 proposed increase in duties on, in 
 Ireland, VII. xli. 46 decreased con- 
 sumption of, in Ireland, 65 this only 
 temporary, 66 increased consumpt 
 of, during railway mauia, xlii. 8 
 note. 
 
 Spitalfields, the silk - manufactures of, 
 III. xix. 48 state of the silk-weavers 
 in, 11530, IV. xxii. 9 note riots in, 
 9. 
 
 Spleny, baron, a Hungarian emissary in 
 Italy, VIII. lii. 84. 
 
 Splugen, passage of the, Dumas' account 
 of, III. xviii. 46. 
 
 Spohr, the works of, V. xxviii. 86. 
 
 Spring Kice. Mr, arguments of, against 
 repeal of the Union, V. xxxi. 121 et 
 seq. statistics regarding Ireland given 
 by, 124 note becomes colonial secre- 
 tary, 129 chancellor of exchequer, 
 1S35, VI. xxxv. 44 and note votes 
 against Mr Villiers' motion on the 
 corn laws, xxxyiii. 37. 
 
 Stacey, colonel, at the Kojuck Pass, 
 VIII. xlviii. 78 brigadier, at Sobraon, 
 xlix. 82, 83. 
 
 Stadion, count, minister of interior, 
 VIII. liv. 75 during the discussion 
 on the constitution, lv. 2. 
 
 Stael, M. de, views of, on the electoral 
 law, II. ix. 24 course followed by, 
 after the fall of Decazcs, 50. 
 
 Stael, niadame de, II. xi. 12 as a poli- 
 tical writer, III. xviii. 14 as a novel- 
 ist, 15 as a critic, 16 as a philoso- 
 pher, 17 on the works of Lessing, V. 
 xxviii. 7 on Wieland, 9 on Goethe, 
 12 on comedy, 31 on the fine arts, 
 74 the Duke de liroglio married to 
 the daughter of, xxxiii. 14. 
 
 Stafford, intended rising at, 1817, I. iv. 
 15. 
 
 Staffordshire, additional members for, 
 
 IV. xxiii. 42 note election of 1835 
 in, VI. xxxvi. 3 riots in, 1842, VII. 
 xli. 20. 
 
 Stage, tlio, present state of, in France, 
 III. xviii. 78 influence of, on the 
 modern French school of painting, 83 
 Goethe's picture of the influence of, 
 
 V. xxviii. 16. 
 
 Stamp duties, the, in Russia, IT. viii. 47 
 proposed equalisation of, in Ireland, 
 VII. xli. 46. 
 
 Stamp duty on pamphlets, law imposing, 
 in France, V. xxx. 34. 
 
 Standard, denial of the intended repeal 
 of the corn laws by the, VII. xlii. 
 46. 
 
 Standard of value, effect of fluctuations 
 in the, II. x. 5 what is it 1 9 Huskis- 
 son on, 133 Peel's definition of, VII. 
 xli. 108. 
 
 Standing armies, increase of, from the 
 revolution of 1848, I. i. 23. 
 
 Standing army, want of a, in Poland, 
 IV. xxvi. 8. 
 
 Standische Verfassung, the, in Germany, 
 VIII. liii. 9. 
 
 Stanfen, defeat of Struve at, VIII. 
 liii. 67. 
 
 Stanhope, earl, speech of, on the national 
 distress, 1830, IV. xxii. 21 et seq. 
 
 Stanhope, Colonel Leicester, arrival of, 
 in Greece, III. xiv. 100. 
 
 Stanley, Mr, afterwards lord, and Lord 
 Derby, Irish secretary, 1830, IV. xxiii. 
 6 note and the prosecution of O'Con- 
 nell, 1831, 27 views of, on tithes in 
 Ireland, V. xxxi. 14 his picture of 
 the state of the Irish clergy, 15 argu- 
 ments of, for Irish coercion bill, 31 
 arguments of, for Irish church bill, 
 49 modifications of it moved by him, 
 50 prepares the negro emancipation 
 bill, and his arguments for it, 91 et seq. 
 agrees to the grant of 20,000,000, 
 99 resignation of, 129 declines to 
 join Sir 11. Peel's ministry, VI. xxxv. 
 16 opposes Lord Londonderry's ap- 
 pointment, 28 arguments of, against 
 the Irish church motion, 3S et seq. 
 arguments of, against the municipal 
 reform bill, xxxvi. 12 arguments of, 
 against Irish corporation bill, 34 
 arguments of, against Irish church 
 bill, 40 votes for Irish municipal 
 bill, 1839, 69 arguments of, against 
 the Jamaica bill, xxxvii. 130 on Irish 
 crime, xxxviii. 26 colonial secretary 
 under Peel, VII. xli. 14 opposed in 
 the cabinet to the views of Peel, xlii. 
 44 applied to to form a protection- 
 ist government, but declines, 45 
 resigns, ib. arguments of, for the 
 corn laws, 59 secession of Lord 
 George Bentinck with, xliii. 65 on 
 the bankruptcies in Lancashire during 
 1847, 114 note. Sec Derby, lord. 
 
 Starko, major, forces under, in Scindc, 
 VII f. xlix. 20 at Hyderabad, 24, 25. 
 
 Starodub, statistics of, IV . xxvi. 44. 
 
 State criminals, new law regarding, in 
 
 Germany, V. xxvii. 56. 
 State debts, repudiation of, in the United 
 States, VI. xxxvii. 32. 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 285 
 
 States-general, provision for, by the con- 
 stitution of the Germanic confederacy, 
 V. xxvii. 4 demands of the estates 
 of Prussia for, 74 petition for the, in 
 Prussia, 71 of Prussia, decree sum- 
 moning the, powers conferred on them, 
 &c., 77 opening of them, and king's 
 speech, 78 new constitution of the, 
 in Holland, 1848, VIII. liii. 19. 
 
 Statesmen, change in the character of, 
 II. x. 160. 
 
 Statisque de la France, the, III. xvii. 
 126. 
 
 Staunton, captain, defeat of the Peish- 
 wah by, VI. xxxix. 48. 
 
 Stealing from the person, increase of, I. 
 iv. 88 and note. 
 
 Steam, the applications of, to mechanical 
 labour, and their effects, I. i. 41 
 its inapplicability to agriculture, 42 
 et seq. effects of, on the struggle 
 between labour and capital, IV. xxiv. 
 5 importance of, in naval attacks on 
 land defences, VI. xxxiv. 28. 
 
 Steam communication, advantages and 
 dangers of, I. i. 53. 
 
 Steam navigation, progress of, in Great 
 Britain after the war, I. v. 3 influ- 
 ence of, on emigration, VIII. lvii. 65. 
 
 Steamboat passengers, proposed duty 
 on, IV. xxiii. 29 note. 
 
 Steele, the Essays of, I. v. 42. 
 
 Steele, Mr, violent language of, in Ire- 
 land, V. xxxi. 32. 
 
 Stein, baron, the reforms of, in Prus- 
 sia, V. xxvii. 43 the memoirs of, 
 xxviii. 53 changes introduced into 
 Prussian Poland by, VII. xlvi. 14 
 views of, on representation, VIII. 
 liii. 9. 
 
 Stephen, the archduke, regent of Hun- 
 gary, VIII. liv. 8, 9 appointed vice- 
 roy, 9 disavows the proceedings of 
 Jellachich, 28. 
 
 Stephens, Mr, a chartist leader, charged 
 with sedition, VI. xxxvii. 65. 
 
 Stephenson, the engineer, I. v. 39. 
 
 Steublc, Jacob, an accomplice of Hu- 
 bert's, VI. xxxiv. 19. 
 
 Stevenson, Mr, adjustment of the right 
 of search question by, VII. xli. 88. 
 
 Stewart, lord, ambassador at Vienna, 
 recalled, III. xix. 17. 
 
 Stewart, Dugald, the philosophical works 
 of, I. v. 29 his want of original 
 thought, 30. 
 
 Stewart, Mr, of Omoa, during the Glas- 
 gow outbreak of 1848, VII. xliii. 
 128. 
 
 Steyning, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Stipendiary magistrates, proposed ap- 
 
 ihe Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 pointment, powers, &c. of, in the 
 West Indies, V. xxxi. 94. 
 
 Stock Exchange, speculation in the, 1825, 
 IV. xxi. 13. 
 
 Stockbridge, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Stockdale the bookseller, case of, and 
 the privilege of parliament, VI. 
 xxxviii. 21. 
 
 Stockport, member given to, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note suppression of Chartist 
 meeting at, VI. xxxvii. 67 rates of 
 mortality in, 1841, VII. xli. 17 note 
 distress in, 1841, 19. 
 
 Stoddart, colonel, mission of, on behalf 
 of Herat, VI. xl. 50. 
 
 Stofflet, column of, mutilated, V. xxix. 42. 
 
 Stonarambella, massacre of Cretans at, 
 III. xiv. 97. 
 
 Stoosha, general, minister-at-war, VIII. 
 liii. 55. 
 
 Stopford, admiral, forces of, for the naval 
 campaign in Syria, V. xxxii. 62 bom- 
 bardment of Beyrout, 65 further suc- 
 cesses of, and steers for Acre, 71 
 bombardment of it, 72 receives Me- 
 hemet Ali's submission, 74 his cap- 
 ture of Acre as an instance of naval 
 attack on land defences, VI. xxxiv. 29. 
 
 Stopford, major, wounded at Maharaj- 
 pore, VIII. xlix. 39. 
 
 Stora, occupation of, by the French, VI. 
 xxxiv. 57. 
 
 Storey, major, at Hyderabad, VIII. xlix. 
 25. 
 
 Storo, defeat of the Italians at, VIII. lii. 
 39. 
 
 Stourbridge, riots at, 1842, VII. xli. 20. 
 
 Stradella, occupation of, by the Austri- 
 ans, II. viii. 86. 
 
 Strang, Dr, statistics of births, &c. in 
 Glasgow by, V. xxix. 6 note. 
 
 Strangers, numbers of, in Paris, 1819, II. 
 ix. 3. 
 
 Strangford, lord, sent as representative 
 to the Congress of Verona, II. xii. 11 
 efforts of, to prevent a rupture between 
 Bussia and Turkey, III. xiv. 52, 53. 
 
 Strasbourg, Louis Philippe at, IV. xxv. 
 56 the cathedral of, V. xxviii. 79 
 outbreaks in, 1831, xxix. 24 prepara- 
 tions for the attempt of Louis Napo- 
 leon at, xxxiii. 76 its outbreak, 77 
 first success, 78 and ultimate failure, 
 79 trial and acquittal of the conspi- 
 rators, 81 proposed railway from 
 Paris to, VI. xxxiv. 8 resistance to 
 the new valuation in, VII. xliv. 61 
 Louis Napoleon at, 1850, VIII. lvii. 29. 
 
 Strathaven, insurrectionary movement 
 at. and its suppression, II. x. 51. 
 
 Stratts, captain, I. iii. 103. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 286 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Strauss's Life of Christ, character of, V. 
 xxviii. 69 the alarm regarding it un- 
 founded, 70. 
 
 Straw plait, proposed reduction of duties 
 on, VII. xlii. 49. 
 
 Strikes, evils induced by, III. xix. 55 
 their frequency and extent, 56 causes 
 of their frequency, 57 true system to 
 be adopted regarding, 58 et seq. fre- 
 quency of, since the reform bill, IV. 
 xxiii. 150 great, in Lyons, 1834, V. 
 xxx. 44 insurrection on the trial of 
 the leaders, 45 great increase of, 1834 
 to 1837, VI. xxxvii. 52 effect of 
 the cotton-spinners' trial on, 56 im- 
 portance of the subject, and neglect 
 of it, 57 demoralising influence of, 
 ib. causes of the little attention paid 
 to them, 58 reasons why they are so 
 frequent, 59 means of guarding 
 against the evil, 61 cost of various, to 
 the community, ib. note frequency 
 of, in France, 1840, &c, VII. xliv. 20 
 increasing frequency of, in Paris, 36 
 prevalence of, 1848, &c, VIII. lvi. 3. 
 
 Strickland, Miss, the historical works of, 
 I. v. 60. 
 
 StrogonofF, baron, at the Congress of 
 Verona, II. xii. 11 ambassador to 
 Turkey, disowns the Greek insurgents, 
 III. xiv. 17 protest of, against the 
 arrest of Danesi, &c, 49 ultimatum 
 presented by him, and its refusal, 50 
 breaks off diplomatic relations, ib. 
 
 Stromboli, the, at Acre, V. xxxii. 72. 
 
 Strosler, colonel, death of, II. viii. 129. 
 
 Struve, M., a member of the Diet, VIII. 
 liii. 33 revolt under, 43 revolt 
 under, in Baden, 67 his capture and 
 sentence, ib. 
 
 Stuart, Sir Charles, at the Congress of 
 Troppau, II. viii. 70. 
 
 Stuart, Lord Dudley, speech of, on the 
 power of Russia in the East, VI. xxxvi. 
 52. 
 
 Stuart, a private, at the llickabashee fort, 
 
 VI. xl. 110 note. 
 
 Stuart de Rothesay, lord, publication of 
 alleged letters from Louis Philippe to, 
 
 VII. xliv. 53. 
 
 Students, the, rising of, in Paris in 1820, 
 If. ix. 75, 76 head the revolution in 
 Vienna, VIII. liv. 6, 7 their increased 
 demand.-). 22. 
 
 Stunners, count, VIII. lvi. 56. 
 
 Sturt, lieutenant, at Cabul, VI. xl. 120. 
 
 Stuttgart, society for liberty of the press 
 at, V. xxx. 23 excitement in, on the 
 French revolution of 1848, VIII. liii. 
 20 removal of National Assembly to, 
 79 its violent proceedings at, and dis- 
 solution, 80. 
 
 Subjugation, universal feeling of resist- 
 ance to, VI. xxxix. 1 causes of this, 2. 
 
 Succession, change in order of, in Spain, 
 IV. xxiv. 87 war of the, its origin, &c., 
 VII. xlvi. 34. 
 
 Succession, law of, in Turkey, III. xiii. 
 19 proposed changes in the law of, in 
 France, xvi. 43 et seq. results of 
 the debate, 50 taxes on, in France, 
 xvii. 129 note additional duty on, 
 in France, VIII. lvii. 6. 
 
 Succession tax, the, IV. xxiii. 125. 
 
 Suchtelen, count, operations of, in Per- 
 sia, III. xv. 28 operations of, against 
 Varna, 47. 
 
 Suda, blockaded by the Greeks, III. xiv. 
 125. 
 
 Sudbury, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Suddu-Adawlut, court of, at Calcutta, 
 VI. xxxix. 29. 
 
 Sue, Eugene, the novels of, III. xviii. 72 
 a writer for the daily press, 74. 
 
 Sue d'Urgel, capture of, by the royalists, 
 
 II. xi. 60. 
 
 Suez, opening of route to India by, VI. 
 xl. 13. 
 
 Suffering, influence of, as a corrective of 
 nations, I. i. 54 way in which it acts, 
 55 effects of, on modern French li- 
 terature, III. xviii. 2 influence of, in 
 inducing desire for political change, 
 IV. xxi. 18 alleviation of, in 1827, 56 
 rise of chartism from, VI. xxxvii. 62 
 prevalence of, in England, 1848, 
 VIII. lvi. 3, 4. 
 
 Suffolk, additional members for, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Suffrage, the, terms of, as agreed on for 
 the reform bill, IV. xxiii. 3(J extension 
 of, would only increase corruption, 155 
 as regulated by constitution of 1830 
 in France, xxiv. 43 lowering of, under 
 Louis Philippe, xxv. 49 commence- 
 ment of agitation for lowering, in 
 France, VI. xxxiv. 03 extension of, 
 deferred by the Thiers ministry, 75 
 measures of Hungarian Diet regarding, 
 VIII. liv. 29. See also Franchise. 
 
 Sugana, the Val, forcing of, by the Aus- 
 triaus, VIII. Hi. 59. 
 
 Sugar, rise in the duty on, I. ii. 39 fall 
 in, 1818 to 1822,11. x. 23 note de- 
 creased export of, from England, 1822, 
 
 III. xix. 9 prices of, 1824-5, 64 note 
 fall in, 1S25-G, 79 note prices of, 
 1827-9, IV. xxii. 16 noteprices of, 
 1824-32, xxiii. 130 note colonial, ne- 
 cessity for reducing duty on, V. xxxi. 
 83 estimated profit from cultivation 
 of, 94 increased production of, and 
 decline of population, 95 oppressive 
 
 The Lurje Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 287 
 
 character of the duties on it, 101 
 produce of, Jamaica, before and after 
 emancipation, 104 note and the West 
 Indies, 1828-41 ib. increased produc- 
 tion of, in slave states, 106 decreased 
 production of, in Jamaica, 1835, VI. 
 xxxvi. 26 fall in price of, 1782-1837, 
 xxxvii. 46 note exports of, from West 
 Indies before and after emancipation, 
 125 note comparative consumption 
 of, in England and abroad,VII. xli.31 
 imports of, 1839-44, 77 note produce 
 of duties on, 1844, 104 increased con- 
 sumption of, during railway mania, xlii. 
 8 note reduction of duty on, 1845, 15 
 fall in price of, 1841 to 1845, 35 note 
 proposed reduction of duties on, 49 
 total consumption of, in Great 
 Britain, xliii. 5 effects of negro eman- 
 cipation on production of, in West 
 Indies, 9 imports of, from West 
 Indies, 1847-9, 17 and note increased 
 production and importation of slave- 
 grown, ib. importation of British and 
 foreign, 1 7notes modification of duties 
 on, during Irish famine, 39 increased 
 consumption of,1843-6, 70 note prices 
 of, 1845 to 1851, 115 note decline in 
 consumption of, in France, 1848, VIII. 
 li. 33. 
 Sugar duties, proposed changes in the, 
 1841, VI. xxxviii. 42 division on 
 these, 43 motion on the, 54 debate 
 on reduction of the, 1844, VII. xli. 106 
 government plan for the, 1846, xliii. 
 5 arguments for it, ib. et seq. argu- 
 ments against it, 9 et seq. -passing of the 
 bill, 16 its results to the West Indies, 
 17 its effect on the slave trade, 18. 
 Sudgen, Sir E., Irish chancellor, 1835, 
 VL xxxv. 16 note on the cotton- 
 spinners' trial, xxxvii. 55 note lord 
 chancellor of Ireland, 1841, VII. xli. 
 14 note. 
 Suleau, M., appointed director of regis- 
 ters, &c, III. xvii. 30. 
 Suliotes, the, insurrection of, III. xiii. 
 76 general insurrection of, xiv, 28 
 defeat of Chourchid Pacha by, 59 
 removal of, to the Ionian Isles, 
 68. 
 Sultan, despotic powers vested in the, 
 
 III. xiii. 18, 19. 
 Sumner, Mr Holme, vote of, on the 
 
 civil list, 1830, IV. xxii. 79. 
 Sunderland, members given to, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note first appearance of 
 cholera at, V. xxxi. 9. 
 Sunderbund, formation of the, in Swit- 
 zerland, VII. xlvi. 94 proceedings of 
 the great council against it, 95 forces 
 of the, 102 their defeat, 103. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Superb, the, at the battlo of Algiers, I. 
 ii. 76, 77. 
 
 Superstition, universality of, in Russia, 
 II. viii. 22. 
 
 Supervision, board of, established in 
 Scotland, VII. xlii. 29. 
 
 Supplies, the, the alleged stoppage of, 
 1831, IV. xxiii. 65 stoppage of, 
 moved in 1837, VI. xxxvi. 58. 
 
 Supreme Junta, establishment of a, in 
 Spain, II. vii. 72 character and mea- 
 sures of, at Madrid, 77. 
 
 Suresne, chateau of, sacked by the mob, 
 1848, VIII. 1.4. 
 
 Surrey, disturbances in, 1830, IV. xxii. 
 70 additional members for, xxiii. 42 
 note comparative mortality in, and 
 Manchester, VII. xliii. 87. 
 
 Suspension of cash payments, resump- 
 tion of small notes during, IV. xxi. 6 
 decree for, in France, 1848, VIII. 1. 
 24 its effects, 25 et seq. extended to 
 country banks, 26 See Cash payments. 
 
 Sussay, general, defeated, VIII. lv. 40. 
 
 Sussex, disturbances in, 1830, IV. xxii. 
 70 additional members for, xxiii. 
 42 note preparations of the re- 
 formers in, 1831, 69. 
 
 Sussy, Collin de, III. xvii. 88, IV. xxiv. 
 19 his reception at the Hotel de 
 Ville, 22. 
 
 Sutlej river, the, VIII. xlix. 52 passage 
 of, by the Sikhs, 62 passage of, by the 
 British, 87 terms of treaty regarding, 
 88. 
 
 Suttee, abolition of, in India, VI. xl. 9. 
 
 Sutton, Mr Manners, proposed as leader 
 of House of Commons, IV. xxiii. 108 
 elected Speaker, 1833, V. xxxi. 27 
 majority against, as Speaker, VI. 
 xxxvi. 22. 
 
 Sutton, C. M., home under-secretary, 
 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Suythan, defeat of the Chinese at, VIII. 
 xlviii. 43. 
 
 Suzzo, Prince Alexander, death of, III. 
 xiv. 15. 
 
 Swan River Settlement, the, VI. xxxviii. 
 11. 
 
 Sweaborg, bombardment of, as an in- 
 stance of naval attack on laud bat- 
 teries, VI. xxxiv. 30. 
 
 Sweden, the queen of, II. viii. 98 re- 
 ciprocity treaty with, III. xix. 29 
 note shipping employed in trade 
 with, 31 exports to, 1840-9, 33 note 
 restrictive system of, VI. xxxviii 
 50 acquisitions of Kussia from, 
 xl. 29 treaty with, regarding the 
 slave trade, VII. xliv. 49 interven- 
 tion of, on the Scklcswig question, 
 VIII. liii. 40. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 288 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Swiuton, tbo portraits of, I. v. 92. 
 
 Swiss, massacre of, during the Three 
 Days, III. xvii. 82. 
 
 Swiss Diet, predominance of the Radicals 
 in, and their measures against the 
 Sunderbund, VII. xlvi. 95 efforts at 
 accommodation, and military prepara- 
 tions, 96. 
 
 Swiss Guard, defeat of the, during the 
 Three Days, III. xvii. 73. 
 
 Swiss Guards, the papal, defection of, 
 VIII. lii. 83. 
 
 Switzerland, contributions from France 
 to, I. iii. 48 note number of children 
 receiving education in, II. x. 57 poli- 
 tical contests in, 1030, IV. xxiv. 86 
 jealousy excited in Austria by the 
 changes in, xxv. 1 Mailer's History 
 of, V. xxviii. 45 efforts of the French 
 propagandists and Polish refugees in, 
 xxx. 24 state of the secret societies 
 in, xxxiii. 67 demands of France re- 
 garding the refugees, 68 residence of 
 the Duchess of St Leu and Louis 
 Napoleon in, 76 intrigues of Louis 
 Napoleon in, and his extradition, VI. 
 xxxiv. 20 state of, since 1815, and 
 progress of democracy, VII. xlvi. 89, 
 90 rapid growth of radicalism in the 
 cities, 91 origin of the religious dis- 
 putes, 92 invasion of the Free Bands 
 under Ochsenbein, 93 which leads 
 to the Sunderbund, 94 proceedings 
 of the great council against it, 95 
 preparations for civil war, 96 policy 
 of France and Austria toward, 97 
 policy of Lord Palmerston in support- 
 ing the Radicals, 98, 99 its effects, 
 100 he delays to join in the Austrian 
 and French intervention, 101 forces 
 on both sides, 102 success of the 
 Radicals, 103 the mediation of the 
 five powers declined, 104 acknow- 
 ledgment of the French republic bv, 
 VIII. 1. 46. 
 
 Sydenham, lord, succeeds Lord Durham 
 as governor of Canada, VI. xxxvii. 101 
 changes introduced into Canada by, 
 110. 
 
 Syghan, fort of, evacuated by the British, 
 VI. xl. 88. 
 
 Sykes, colonel, on the drain of the pre- 
 cious metals to India, VI. xxxix. 32 
 note on the government of Oude, 
 VIII. xlix. 120. 
 
 Sylhet, threatened by the Burmese, VI. 
 xxxix. 55 abandonment of, by the 
 British, 61. 
 
 Sy r nod, convocation of a, at Berlin in 
 1846,V, xxvii. 75. 
 
 Syra, destruction of a Turkish vessel at, 
 III. xiv. 125. 
 
 Syracuse, surrender of, to the Neapoli- 
 tans, VIII. lii. 109. 
 
 Syria, proposed surrender of, to Me- 
 hemet Ali, V. xxxi. 25 views of 
 Mehemet Ali on, xxxii. 5 physical 
 description of it, 6 its military cha- 
 racter, 7 cession of, to Mehemet Ali, 
 28 preparations of Mehemet Ali in, 
 1838, 46 ultimate demands of the 
 parties regarding, 56 conditions of 
 treaty of five powers regarding, 57 
 forces, &c. for the naval campaign in, 
 62 military description of, 63 sub- 
 mission of, to the sultan, 73 terms 
 of treaty with Mehemet Ali regarding, 
 75. 
 
 Syrians, race of the, III. xiii. 7. 
 
 Systemenoi, the, in the Hetairia, III. 
 xiv. 5. 
 
 Szachoffskoi, general, operations under, 
 in Poland, IV. xxvi. 47 at battle of 
 Praga, 50, 51. 
 
 Szawle, defeat of Gielgud at, IV. xxvi. 81. 
 
 Szecklers, the, revolt of, VIII. lv. 20, 
 21. 
 
 Szegcdin, advance of the Austrians to, 
 VIII. lv. 71 battle of, 72. 
 
 Szela, Jacques, VII. xlvi. 22. 
 
 Szembek, general, IV. xxvi. 21 at 
 Grochow, 48, 49. 
 
 Szemcn, colleague of Kossuth, VIII. liv. 
 47. 
 
 Szollos, capitulation of the Hungarians 
 at, VIII. lv. 81. 
 
 Szolnok, defeat of the Austrians at 
 VIII. lv. 19. 
 
 Taad, defeat of Bern at, VIII. lv. 69. 
 Tabriz, capture of, by the Russians, III. 
 
 xiii. 73. 
 Tabuenca, defeat and death of, II. xi. 
 
 74. 
 Tafna, defeat of Abd-cl-Kadr on the, 
 
 V. xxxiii. 105 relief of the blockaded 
 
 French in, ih. retreat of Abd-el- 
 
 Kadr to the, VII. xiv. 29. 
 Taganrog, last journey of the Emperor 
 
 Alexander to, II. viii. 104 his last 
 
 illness, and death there, 105, 106. 
 Tahiti, increased dissension between 
 
 England and France on the ground 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 289 
 
 of, VII. xli. 18 origin of the dispute 
 with France regarding, 97 interfer- 
 ence of the French missionaries, 98 
 the French take possession of it, 99 
 affair of Mr Pritchard, 100 adjust- 
 ment of the matter, 101 excitement 
 in France regarding, xlvi. 2 its settle- 
 ment 3 violence of the journals and 
 in the Chamber on it, 4. 
 
 Tait, captain, at Meanee, VIII. xlix. 15 
 at Hyderabad, 24. 
 
 Takicheff, M. de, at the Congress of 
 Verona, II. xii. 11. 
 
 Talavera, defeat of the Spaniards at, II. 
 xii. 77. 
 
 Talbot, lord, lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 
 
 II. x. 115 retires, ib. 
 Talbot, the, at Acre, V. xxxii. 72. 
 Talent, value of the close boroughs as 
 
 admitting, IV. xxiii. 50, 132 com- 
 parative exclusion of, under the reform 
 bill, 151 driven to the press, 153. 
 
 Talfourd, Mr, efforts of, on behalf of 
 copyright, VII. xli. 62. 
 
 Talischof, general, II. viii. 131. 
 
 Talish, cession of Khanat of, to Russia, 
 
 III. xiii. 73. 
 
 Talisman, the, remarks on, I. v. 10. 
 
 Talleyrand, M., appointed to the minis- 
 try, I. iii. 8 becomes premier, 9 
 opposes reactionary measures, 12 
 proposes the expatriation of the Count 
 d'Artois, 16 advocates restoring the 
 freedom of the press, 17 made mem- 
 ber of Chamber of Peers, 20 supports 
 the hereditary peerage, 21 Fouche 
 dismissed by, 40 fall of, and of his 
 ministry, 41 efforts of, for the escape 
 of the proscribed Napoleonists, 77 
 efforts of, tor the escape of Ney, 83 
 warning of Didier against, 125 efforts 
 of, on behalf of Poland in 1815, II. 
 viii. 3 on the capture of the Tuileries, 
 
 III. xvii. 104 views of, as to the suc- 
 cession to Charles X., IV. xxiv. 14 
 recommends the Duke of Orleans to 
 accept the lieutenancy-general, 27 
 pacific policy of, 1830, xxv. 25 views 
 of, regarding Holland and Belgium, 
 62 supports the election of Prince 
 Leopold, 64 on the intervention of 
 France and England in Belgium, 68 
 convention regarding Antwerp signed 
 by, V. xxix. 85 resigns the embassy 
 to London, xxxiii. 11 last illness and 
 death of, VI. xxxiv. 17 his character, 
 18. 
 
 Talleyrand, Auguste de, resignation of, 
 
 IV. xxiv. 44. 
 
 Talloux, M. de, minister of public wor- 
 ship, 1843, VIII. li. 31. 
 Tallow, prices of, 1824-5, III. xix. 64 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph, 
 
 note proposed reduction of duties 
 on, VII. xlii. 48. 
 
 Tallow candles, proposed reduction of 
 duties on, IV. xxiii. 29 and note. 
 
 Talma, the actor, III. xviii. 78. 
 
 Talon, M., II. ix. 46. 
 
 Talon, general, recaptures the Hotel de 
 Ville, III. xvii. 71, 72. 
 
 Tam worth, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note Peel's address to elec- 
 tors of, 1835, VI. xxxv. 17. 
 
 Tang, viceroy of Wantung, proceedings 
 of, against the English, VIII. xlviii. 24. 
 
 Tangiers, bombardment of, by the 
 French, VII. xlv. 38. 
 
 Taormina, defeat of the Sicilians near, 
 VIII. Iii. 108. 
 
 Tao-tse, followers of, in China, VIII. 
 xlviii. 16. 
 
 Tapona, capture of, by the French, VII. 
 xlv. 29. 
 
 Tara, language of O'Connell at monster 
 meeting at, VII. xli. 69. 
 
 Tariff, the new, as proposed by Sir R. 
 Peel, VII. xli. 46, 47 is passed, 55 
 circumstance which made it neces- 
 sary, 561846, xlii. 48, 49 its alleged 
 results, 35. 
 
 Tarleton, captain, capture of Prome by, 
 VIII. xlix. 116. 
 
 Tarragona, the archbishop of, a member 
 of the regency at Urgel, II. xi. 73 sur- 
 render of town to the French, xii. 79. 
 
 Tartars, the invasions of India by the, 
 VI. xl. 18. 
 
 Tartar soldiery of China, the, VIII. 
 xlviii. 5. 
 
 Tartar invasion, effects of the, on Russia, 
 II. viii. 38. 
 
 Tartary, acquisition of, by Russia, VI. 
 xl. 29. 
 
 Tartas, colonel, at the battle of Isly, VII. 
 xlv. 42. 
 
 Taschereau, M., sub-prefect of depart- 
 ment of the Seine, IV. xxv. 17. 
 
 Tasso, Kara, at the battle of Modon, III. 
 xiv. 121. 
 
 Tatar-Bazadjik, pass through the Balkan 
 by, III. xv. 129. 
 
 Tattah, town of, VIII. xlix. 2 occupa- 
 tion of, by the British, 6. 
 
 Tauris, capture of, by the Russians, III. 
 xv. 25. 
 
 Taurus range, the, V. xxxii. 63 aspect 
 of the villages, &c. of, III. xiii. 26. 
 
 Tavistock, the close borough of, IV. 
 xxiii. 30. 
 
 Tavoy, cession of, to the British, VI. 
 xxxix. 72. 
 
 Taxation, reduction of, on the peace not 
 the cause of the distress, I. ii. 9 
 direct and indirect, 21 rise of, during 
 T
 
 290 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Taxation, continued. 
 
 the war, 39 comparative lightness of, 
 in Ireland, 57 demands for reduction 
 of, in England, II. x. 103 pressure 
 of, as measured by price of grain, 134 
 reductions of, in Great Britain, 
 1823,111. xix. 101824, 11 reduc- 
 tions of, 1826-28, IV. xxi. 81 motion 
 for revision of system of, 1830, xxii. 
 30 Mr Baring on the reductions of, 
 1830, 37 the successive reductions 
 of, the cause of the abandonment of 
 the sinking fund, 39 not the original 
 basis of representation, xxiii. 48 
 equal distribution of, in England 
 under the old system, 125 exemption 
 from, unknown in England under old 
 system, ib. unequal distribution of, 
 since the reform bill, 147 impatience 
 of, in Poland, and its effects, xxvi. 8 
 concessions regarding, in Prussia, V. 
 xxvii. 65 powers of the States-general 
 of Prussia regarding, 77 pressure of, 
 
 . on West India produce, xxxi. 101, 102 
 alleged excess of, in Ireland, 119 
 reforms regarding, in Turkey, xxxii. 
 52 relative amount of, in Great 
 Britain and Ireland, VI. xxxvL 61 
 indirect, impossibility of augmenting, 
 in India, xxxix. 20 pressure of, in 
 Madras presidency, xl. 2 exemptions 
 from, in Hungary, VIII. liii. 11 
 equality of, established in Prussia, 62 
 measures of Hungarian Diet regarding, 
 liv. 29. 
 
 Taxes, increased weight of, from the 
 currency bill of 1819, I. i. 6 effects 
 of the contraction of the currency on, 
 26 amount of, repealed after the 
 
 . peace, iv. 80 new, imposed in 1819, 
 81 produce of, France, 1830, III. 
 xvii. 36 various, repealed in Great 
 Britain, 1821-3, xix. 8 note amount 
 of, remitted in England, 1822-5, 16 
 reduction of, 1825, 70 repeal of, 1826, 
 
 IV. xxi. 32 amount repealed, 1822-5, 
 ib. note repeal of, 1830, xxii. 34 
 indirect, their repeal the cause of the 
 abandonment of the sinking fund, 39 
 amount repealed, ib. note this due 
 to the contraction of the currency, 40 
 refusal of payment of, agreed to at 
 Birmingham, xxiii. 84 various, abol- 
 ished by the urban constituencies, 
 147 increase of, under Louis Philippe, 
 
 V. xxx. 60 reduction of, 1833, xxxi. 
 58 excess of, in Great Britain over 
 Ireland, 124 note reduction of, 1S44, 
 
 VII. xli. 105 pressure of, on land in 
 France, xliv. 4 indirect, repealed in 
 France, 1848, and additions to direct, 
 
 VIII. 1. 28. 
 
 Taxis, Prince William, death of, VIII. 
 lii. 57. 
 
 Taylor, colonel, at the passage of the 
 Khyber, VIII. xlviii. 62 brigadier, 
 death of, at Sobraon, xlix. 86. 
 
 Taylor, Jeremy, the prose of, V. xxviii. 
 41. 
 
 Taylor, Sir Herbert, negotiations of, with 
 the Tory peers, IV. xxiii. 103 pre- 
 sent at the meeting regarding the 
 creation of peers, 112 and note his 
 circular to the opposition peers, 113 
 note. 
 
 Taylor, Mr, table of fall of prices by, VI. 
 xxxvii. 46 note. 
 
 Tchangalik, attack on redoubt of, III. 
 xv. 52. 
 
 Tchechipine, general, a Russian con- 
 spirator, II. viii. 123. 
 
 Tchendorf, defeat of Bern at, VIII. Iv. 69. 
 
 Tcheodarff, general, captures Debreczin, 
 VIII. Iv. 54. 
 
 Tcherbutoff, general, corps under, 1828, 
 III. xv. 30 note. 
 
 Tchernigov, statistics of, IV. xxvi. 44. 
 
 Tcheskau, operations of Ibrahim Pacha 
 at, V. xxxii. 14. 
 
 Tchesme, the naval battle of, III. xiv. 
 7. 
 
 Tchevtsevadze, prince, III. xv. 82. 
 
 Tchinn, system of the, in Russia, II. viii. 
 23 great power given by it, 24. 
 
 Tchirkvona, combat at, III. xv. 124. 
 
 Tchitinsk, the Russian political exiles 
 at, II. viii. 142. 
 
 Tea, new taxes on, 1819, I. iv. 81 fall 
 in, 1818 to 1822,11. x. 23 note prices 
 of, 1824-32, IV. xxiii. 130 note con- 
 sumption of, in England, 1722 and 
 1833, VI. xxxv. 27 fall in price of, 
 1782-1837, xxxvii. 46 note produce 
 of duties on, 1844, VII. xli. 104 in- 
 creased consumpt of, during railway 
 mania, xlii. 8 note increased con- 
 sumption of, 1843-6, xliii. 70 note 
 prices of, 1845 to 1851, 115 note. 
 
 Teesdale, colonel, at Meanee, VIII. xlix. 
 15 death of, 17. 
 
 Teheran, assassination of the Russian 
 minister at, III. xv. 84. 
 
 Tel of Algeria, district of the, and its 
 inhabitants, V. xxxiii. 94, VII. xlv. 1 
 - influence arising from its possession, 
 3. 
 Telford, Thomas, the engineer, I. v. 39. 
 Tellior, colonel, trial and sentence of, 
 for the conspiracy at Be'fort, II. xi. 18. 
 Temesvar, blockade of, VIII. Iv. 40 the 
 siege and defence of, 71 its relief by 
 Haynau, 73 et seq. battle of, 74. 
 Tempe, the defile of, 111. xiii. 81 forced 
 by the Turks, xiv. 69. 
 
 Tie Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 291 
 
 Temperance leagues, formation, &c. of, in 
 England, III. xix. 75. 
 
 Temperance movement, the, in Ireland, 
 VII. xli. 65 its progress and decline, 
 66. 
 
 Temporary relief act for Ireland, 1847, 
 VII. xliii. 40 expenditure under it, 
 and relief afforded, 41, 44 note. 
 
 Tempoure, colonel, defeat of Sidi-Em- 
 bauck by, VII. xlv. 31. 
 
 Temps, the, circulation of, III. xvii. 19 
 note office of, closed by government, 
 64 tone of, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 40. 
 
 Ten hours amendment, Lord Ashley's, 
 and its fate in the Commons, VII. xli. 
 80. 
 
 Ten pound franchise, the, IV. xxiii. 43 
 determined on for the reform bill, 30 
 eagerness of the towns for, 54 re- 
 tained in the new reform bill, 94. 
 
 Tenants at will, extension of the fran- 
 chise to, IV. xxiii. 76 clause regard- 
 ing, retained in new reform bill, 
 93. 
 
 Tenant right, demand of, for Ireland, 
 VII. xlii. 78. 
 
 Tenantry, the, estrangement between, 
 and their landlords in Ireland, IV. xx. 
 12 representation of, under the old 
 constitution of England, xxiii. 123. 
 
 Tenasserim, cession of, to the British, VI. 
 xxxix. 72. 
 
 Tenedos, naval defeat of the Turks at, 
 
 III. xiv. 78. 
 
 Tennant, J. E. secretary of board of con- 
 trol, 1841, VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Tennessee, statistics of banks in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 7 note. 
 
 Tennyson, Alfred, the poems of, I. v. 27. 
 
 Tenterden, lord, on the law as to sedi- 
 tious meetings, IV. xxiii. 26 note 
 trial of the Bristol rioters before, 90 
 attack on, 91. 
 
 Terceira, the expedition to, IV. xxii. 14 
 it is intercepted by the British 
 cruisers, 15 dispute between France 
 and Portugal regarding blockade of, 
 
 IV. xxv. 77. 
 
 Ternaux, returned for Paris in 1827, 
 III. xvi. 71. 
 
 Ternova, passes through the Balkan by, 
 III. xv. 129. 
 
 Territorial aristocracy, difference be- 
 tween, and a commercial, I. iv. 5, 6. 
 
 Test and corporation acts, the, Canning 
 opposed to repealing, IV. xxi. 88 
 sketch of, 103 arguments for their 
 repeal, 104, and against it, 107 the 
 repeal carried, 109 reflections on it, 
 110. 
 
 Teste, M., becomes minister of commerce, 
 
 V. xxxiii, 5 keeper of the seals, &c. 
 
 under Soult, 1839,VI. xxxiv. 38 note 
 minister of public works under Soult, 
 1840, 102 note the trial and convic- 
 tion of, VII. xlvii. 11, 12. 
 
 Tete de Flandre, the, at Antwerp, V. 
 xxix. 89. 
 
 Texas, alleged inroad of the Americans 
 into, 1819, II. vii. 62 reciprocity 
 treaty with, III. xix. 29 note the 
 appropriation of, by the United States, 
 
 VII. xli. 94. 
 
 Tezeen, defeat of the Affghans at, VIII. 
 
 xlviii. 90, 91. 
 Thackeray, the novels of, I. v. 75. 
 Thackwell, general, operations of, against 
 
 the Sikhs, VIII. xlix. 99 Sir Joseph, 
 
 at Sobraon, 84. 
 Thain, major, death of, VI. xl. 134. 
 Thalaba, remarks on, I. v. 19. 
 Thames tunnels, joint-stock companies 
 
 for, 1825, III. xix. 66 note. 
 Tharin, Bishop of Strasburg, appointed 
 
 preceptor to the Duke de Bordeaux, 
 
 III. xvi. 54. 
 Theatre, decline of the, in France, III. 
 
 xviii. 67, 68. 
 Theatres of Paris, licentiousness of, 1832, 
 
 V. xxx. 7 sums voted to, 1838, 
 
 xxxiii. 123 and note public com- 
 panies for, in France, VI. xxxiv. 7 
 
 note the French, state of, 1838, 
 
 12. 
 Theisperg, general, movements of, after 
 
 Kapolna, VIII. Iv. 18. 
 Theiss river, the, VIII. Iv. 4 passage 
 
 of, by the Russians, 54. 
 Thelin, Charles, aids Louis Napoleon 
 
 to escape, VII. xlvi. 31. 
 Theodore Vladimaruko, heads the revolt 
 
 in Wallachia, III. xiv. 15 treachery 
 
 and death of, 30. 
 Theodorito, archbishop, vice-president of 
 
 the Legislative Council of Greece, III. 
 
 xiv. 115. 
 Theodorowitch, general, defeated, VIII. 
 
 Iv. 40 losses of, 45. 
 Theresienstadt, meeting of Emperor of 
 
 Austria and King of Prussia at, V. 
 
 xxvii. 52. 
 Therissow, capture of, by the Turks, III. 
 
 xiv. 47. 
 Thermopylae, defeat of the Turks at, III. 
 
 xiv. 38 repeated defeats of Chourchid 
 
 Pacha at, 73. 
 Theseus of Canova, the, V. xxviii. 75. 
 Thesiger, Sir F., attorney-general, 1852, 
 
 VIII. lvi. 64 note. 
 
 Thessaly, the pacha of, operations under, 
 in Macedonia, III. xiv. 69 spread of 
 the insurrection to, 28 successes of 
 the Turks in, 38 successes of the 
 Greeks in, 91 devastations of the war 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 292 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Thessaly, continued. 
 
 in, 114 included in Kingdom of 
 Greece, xv. 142. 
 
 Thetford, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Tbibaudeau, Adolpbe, at Lafitte's, IV. 
 xxiv. 25. 
 
 Thibet, kingdom and mountains of, VIII. 
 xlviii. 7. 
 
 Thiele, M., a leader of the Puritan party 
 in Prussia, V. xxvii. 73. 
 
 Thierry, Amadee, the works of, III. 
 xviii. 30, 31. 
 
 Thierry, Auguste, the works of, III. 
 xviii. 30, 31. 
 
 Thiers, M., connection of, with the Con- 
 stitutionnel, II. ix. 14 attacks of, on 
 the Polignac ministry, III. xvii. 6 
 career and character of, 12 efforts 
 of, against the Polignac ministry, 19 
 signs the protest against the ordon- 
 nances, C3 course counselled by, 74 
 the historical works of, xviii. 35 
 his merits and defects, 36 his History 
 of the Consulate and Empire, 37 a 
 writer for the daily press, 74 sup- 
 ports the Orleanists, IV. xxiv. 10 
 placard prepared by, in the Orleans 
 interest, 14 mission of, to the Duke 
 of Orleans at Neuilly, 10 proceedings 
 of, against the Napoleonists, 24 
 efforts of, to popularise the new dy- 
 nasty, 32 returned to Deputies in 
 1831, xxv. 57 defence of the foreign 
 policy of ministers by, 82 et seq ar- 
 guments of, against the abolition of the 
 hereditary peerage, 96 employment 
 of Deutz by, V. xxix. 53 becomes 
 minister of the interior, 83, xxx. 9 
 circular to prefects drawn up by, 10 
 large grant for public works moved 
 by, 1833, 17 admissions of, regarding 
 his history of the Revolution, 32 argu- 
 ments of, for the law against associa- 
 tions, 38 animosity in the cabinet to, 
 40 becomes minister of the interior, 
 ib. during the insurrection of 1834, 
 49 policy of, on the Eastern ques- 
 tion, 1839, xxxii. 55 views, &c. of, on 
 the Eastern question, and on the 
 treaty of the allies regarding it, 60 
 statement by, of the French fleet in 
 the Mediterranean, 1840, 61 violence 
 of, after the bombardment of Beyrout, 
 68 note of November 8th to the 
 allied powers, 69 his fall, and suc- 
 ceeded by Guizot, 70 resignation of, 
 xxxiii. 5 resumes office, 6 diver- 
 gence of views between, and Guizot, 
 13 intrigues of, against do Broglie, 
 47 becomes premier, 52 his charac- 
 ter as a statesman, 53 et seq. course 
 
 TJie L 
 
 followed regarding the reduction of 
 the interest question, 55 declaration 
 of his views, 56 attack on him in 
 the Chamber, 59 financial state- 
 ments, 60 negotiations of, regarding 
 occupation of Cracow, 61 other 
 diplomatic treaties by, 62 proceed- 
 ings of, regarding the refugees in 
 Switzerland, 68 views of, on the 
 Spanish question, and his resignation, 
 71 views of, on Algeria, 106 sent 
 for by the king on Mole's resignation, 
 and conditions demanded by him, VI. 
 xxxiv. 33 renewed attempt to form 
 a ministry, 34 excluded from the 
 Soult ministry, 38 party headed by, 
 40 views of, as to the government 
 of the executive, 64 speech of, on 
 the Eastern question, 1840, 66 et seq. 
 heads the coalition against the min- 
 istry, 71 formation of second minis- 
 try of, 73 statement of his principles, 
 74 his first measures, 75 his sup- 
 port, &c. in the press, 76 views of, 
 and project for removing the bones of 
 Napoleon to France, 78 inauguration 
 of pillar to insurrection, 79 policy 
 of, in the East, 88 views of, on the 
 allied treaty, 94 vigorous measures 
 proposed by, 95 great warlike pre- 
 parations of, 97 change of policy, and 
 abandonment of his warlike views, 
 100 communications with Guizot, ib. 
 note his resignation, 101 speech of, 
 on the address, 104 majority against 
 him, and charge of his speculating in 
 the funds, 110 kind of fortification 
 for Paris urged by, 111 expenditure 
 under, 113 errors committed by, on 
 the Eastern question, 116 ct seq. in- 
 crease of the deficit under, VII. xliv. 
 5 popularity of his ministry from its 
 aggressive tendencies, 21 answer of, 
 on parliamentary reform, 28 et seq.- 
 the railway scheme of, 43 arguments 
 of, for the regency bill, 84 et seq. 
 position taken up by, 91 his charac- 
 ter as a statesman, 94 as a public 
 speaker, 95 his fate as a minister, 96 
 argument of, against the Jesuits, 
 xlvi. 6 circular to the electors by, 
 1846, 33 joins the coalition against 
 the government, xlvii. 1 8 efforts of, 
 against the Socialists, 22 speech of, 
 on the finances, 1848, 28 sent for to 
 form a ministry, 59 orders the with- 
 drawal of the troops, 61, 62 resigns, 
 64 at the last council of Louis 
 Philippe, 65 appearance of, in the 
 Deputies after the flight of the king, 
 72 indecision of, on the crisis of 
 1848, 78 returned to the National 
 
 argc Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 293 
 
 Assembly, VIII. 1. 77 views of, as to 
 the Socialists, lvii. 25 one of the com- 
 mittee on electoral rights, 26 speech 
 of, in the Assembly, 35 votes against 
 revision of the constitution, 40 views 
 of, before the coup d'etat, 45 ar- 
 rested, 48. 
 
 Thirlwall, the History of Greece by, I. v. 
 65. 
 
 Thirsk, partially disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Thirst, sufferings, &c. from, during Aff- 
 ghanistan expedition, VI. xl. 63. 
 
 Thirty Years' War, Schiller's History of 
 the, V. xxviii. 21. 
 
 Thistlewood, Arthur, sketch of the 
 career of, II. x. 44 heads the Cato 
 Street conspirators, ib. their designs, 
 45 their final plans, 46 conflict in 
 the Cato Street loft, 47 his execu- 
 tion, 48. 
 
 Thomas, captain, at Ali-Musjid, VIII. 
 xlviii. 55. 
 
 Thomas, colonel, during the insurrection 
 of June, VIII. 1. 89. 
 
 Thomas, Emile, abuses under, VIII. 1. 
 79. 
 
 Thomas, general, appointed to command 
 National Guard, VIII. 1. 74. 
 
 Thomson, major, at the assault of 
 Ghuznee, VI. xl. 69, 71. 
 
 Thomson, Mr Poulett, motion for re- 
 vision of system of taxation by, 1830, 
 IV. xxii. 30 treasurer of the navy, 
 1830, xxiii. 6 note becomes president 
 of the boai-d of trade, V. xxxi. 129 
 president of board of trade, 1835, 
 VI. xxxv. 44 note succeeds Lord 
 Durham as governor of Canada, 
 xxxvii. 101 vote of, on the corn 
 laws, xxxviii. 37. 
 
 Thomson, the paintings of, I. v. 91. 
 
 Thorburn, the portraits of, I. v. 92. 
 
 Thornton, general, I. iv. 25. 
 
 Thornton, Mr, on the resumption of cash 
 payments in 1818, I. iv. 38. 
 
 Thorwaldsen, the works of, V. xxviii. 75. 
 
 Thouars, insurrection at, 1822, II. xi. 19. 
 
 Thought, general power of, over man- 
 kind, I. i. 50 its influence in human 
 affairs, 51 advantages as regards the 
 communication of, from steam, &c, 53 
 increasing influence of, in govern- 
 ments, II. x. 161. 
 
 Three Days, the, see France, Charles X., 
 &c. 
 
 Three and a-half per cents, reduction of 
 the, in England, VII. xli. 103. 
 
 Three per cents, error of Pxtt in borrow- 
 ing in the, VII. xli. 103. 
 
 Thugs, destruction of the, in India, VI. 
 xl. 10. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Thunder, the, at Acre, V. xxxii. 72. 
 Thunfuld, chevalier, VIII. liv. 75. 
 Thurgovia, changes in constitution of, 
 
 1830, IV. xxiv. 86. 
 Thurles, capture of Smith O'Brien at, 
 
 VII. xliii. 139. 
 
 Thurn, count, VIII. Hi. 45 junction of, 
 with Radetsky, 46 repulsed at Vi- 
 
 cenza, ib reinforcements brought up 
 
 by, 61 repulse of, at Rivoli, 65 
 occupies Parma, 77 surrender of 
 Charles Albert to, 96 occupies Fer- 
 rara, 105. 
 
 Tibretza, pass of, forced by the Russians, 
 
 VIII. Iv. 68. 
 
 Ticino, passage of the, by the Sardinians, 
 VIII. lii. 89. 
 
 Ticket-of-leave system, introduction of, 
 and its results, VIII. lvi. 42. 
 
 Tidd, one of the Cato Street conspira- 
 tors, II. x. 45 execution of, 48. 
 
 Tieck, the works of, V. xxviii. 31. 
 
 Tieglo, the, in Russia, its advantages and 
 evils, II. viii. 29 way in which it is 
 carried into effect, 30. 
 
 Tierney, Mr, on the budget for 1816, I. 
 ii. 25 arguments of, on agricultural 
 distress, 1816, 34 arguments of, 1816, 
 for the resumption of cash payments, 
 46 on the distress, &c. in 1817, iv. 
 11 on the resumption of cash pay- 
 ments, 34 motion by, on the bank 
 restriction act, 57 arguments of, 
 against the foreign enlistment bill, 
 100 et seq. suggests the appointment 
 of Lord. Althorpe as leader of the 
 finance committee, IV. xxi. 94 resig- 
 nation of, 96 declaration by, against 
 reform, xxii. 42 note. 
 
 Tiers etat, progress of the, in Germany, 
 V. xxvii. 79. 
 
 Tiers Parti, the, in the Chamber of De- 
 puties, 1834, V. xxxiii. 12. 
 
 Tiflis, Turkish forces at, III. xv. 108. 
 
 Tiger Island, passage of, by British 
 frigates, 1834, VIII. xlviii. 20. 
 
 Tigh Singh, VIII. xlix. 58. 
 
 Tighe, an Irish leader, trial of, VII. xliii. 
 140. 
 
 Tiles, reduction of duty on, V. xxxi. 59 
 note. 
 
 Tile -draining, general introduction of, 
 VIII. lvi. 21. 
 
 Tilsit, gains of Russia by treaty of, II. 
 viii. 2 the reforms introduced into 
 Prussia after, V. xxvii. 43. 
 
 Timber, colonial, proposed duty on, IV. 
 xxiii. 29 note proposed reduction of 
 duty on, VII. xli. 47 and again, xlii. 
 48. 
 
 Timber duties, pi-oposed changes in the, 
 1841, VI. xxxviii. 42. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 294 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Times, the, violence of, on the reform 
 question, IV. xxiii. 57 violent lan- 
 guage of, during the elections of 1831, 
 66 violent language of, against the 
 Wellington ministry, 111 note attacks 
 on the Melbourne ministry by, V. 
 xxxi. 159 on the new poor-law, 1839, 
 VI. xxxvii. 49 on the effects of the 
 currency system, VII. xli. 58 an- 
 nouncement in, of the approaching 
 repeal of the corn laws, xlii. 46 
 on the commercial crisis of 1856, xliii. 
 146 notes. 
 Timour, route of, to India, VI. xl. 19, 20. 
 Timour, prince, son of Shah Soojah, 
 forces under, for expedition into 
 Affghanistan, VI. xl. 56 passage of 
 the Kyber by forces under, 65 dis- 
 orders of troops of, 81 extortions of 
 troops of, 96. 
 Tindall, Sir N., solicitor-general, IV. xxi. 
 
 66 note. 
 Tinghae, capture of, by the British, VIII. 
 
 xlviii. 35. 
 Tipperary, the assizes for 18*22 iD, II. x. 
 . 121 threatened insurrection in, 1828, 
 IV. xxi. 1 ] 8 disturbed state of, 1830, 
 xxii. 19 outrages in, 1831, xxiii. 99 
 proclamation of, in 1832, V. xxxi. 20 
 tithe outrages in, 1836, VI. xxxvi. 43 
 agrarian outrages in, 1846, VII. xlii. 
 74, 76 note increase of crime in, 
 1847, xliii. 97 and note. 
 Tithes, abolition of, by the Cortes in 
 1820, II. vii. 86 different mode of 
 collecting, in England and Ireland, 
 IV. xx. 21 organised resistance to, in 
 Ireland, 1832, V. xxxi. 12 com- 
 mittees on them, and their abolition, 
 13 advantages of this, 14 facts 
 brought out in the evidence, 15 et seq. 
 government plan, and O'Conuell's 
 opposition to it, 17 increased agita- 
 tion against, 21 small amount in- 
 dividually due, 22 new ministerial 
 project regarding, in Ireland, 52 
 causes of the resistance to, in Ireland, 
 136 proposed substitution of land 
 tax for, ib. armed resistance to, in 
 Ireland, 158 commutation of, bill for, 
 1S35, VI. xxxv. 30 causes of the 
 combination in Ireland against, 35 
 renewed agitation against, in Ireland, 
 xxxvi. 43 measures of Hungarian 
 Diet regarding, VIII. liv. 2.0. 
 Tithe bill for England, introduction of, 
 1836, VI. xxxvi. 48 Ireland, progress 
 of, V. xxxi. 136 opposition of all par- 
 ties to it, 137 ultimate fate of, 144. 
 Tithe composition act, the Irish, its pro- 
 visions, &c, IV. xx. 21 its beneficial 
 working, 25. 
 
 The L 
 
 Tithe conflicts in Ireland, 1831, IV. xxiii. 
 99, 100. 
 
 Titleri, surrender of, to Abd-el-Kadr, 
 V. xxxiii. 117. 
 
 Titles, hereditary, in Russia, II. viii. 23. 
 
 Titoff, baron, VIII. lvi. 56. 
 
 Tlemsen, attempt of Abd-el-Kadr on, and 
 its relief by Clausel, V. xxxiii. 103 
 danger of the French in, 105 relieved, 
 ib. measures of Bugeaud for relief of, 
 115 terms of treaty of La Tafna re- 
 garding, 117 capture of, by the 
 French, VII. xlv. 29. 
 
 Tobacco, new taxes on, 1819, 1, iv. 81 
 prices of, 1824-5, III. xix. 64 note fall 
 in, 1825-6, 79 note proposed reduction 
 of duties on, IV. xxiii. 29 and note fall 
 in price of, 1782-1837, VI. xxxvii. 46 
 note imports of, 1839-44, VII. xli. 77 
 note incresised consurnpt of, dur- 
 ing railway mania, xlii. 8 note slave- 
 grown, Lord John Russell on the ad- 
 mission of, xliii. 6. 
 
 Tocqueville, count de, created a peer. III. 
 xvi. 69 the works of, xviii. 58 his 
 errors, 59 speech of, on the address, 
 1848, VII. xlvii. 29. 
 
 Todd, captain, sent to superintend the 
 fortifying of Herat, VI. xl. 84 retires 
 from Herat, 95. 
 
 Toikari, reduction of, by the Turks, III. 
 xiv. 98. 
 
 Tokay, exploit of Cossacks at, VIII. Iv. 
 54. 
 
 Toledo, bastion of, at Antwerp, V. xxix. 
 89, 92. 
 
 Toleration, theoretic establishment of, in 
 Turkey, III. xiii. 28 effects of, in the 
 Netherlands, IV. xxiv. 70 provision 
 for, in the Germanic confederacy, V. 
 xxvii. 4 declaration of, by Frederick- 
 William, 68 religions in India, VI. xl. 
 11. 
 
 Tolls, pressure of, in South Wales, and 
 the Rebecca riots against them, VII. 
 xli. 82 etseq. 
 
 Tollerou, arrest and execution of, I. iii. 
 126. 
 
 Tolosa, advance of the French to, II. xii. 
 73 their reception in, 74. 
 
 Tolstoy, count, at battle of Tzoinbor, 
 
 VIII. Iv. 61. 
 Tomba/.i, operations of, in Candia, 1823, 
 
 III. xiv. 97. 
 Tonunasio, a Venetian demagogue, VIII. 
 Iii. 2 liberation of, at Venice, 3 at 
 head of provisional government, ib. 
 Tomorch, pass of, forced by the Russians, 
 
 VIII. Iv. 68. 
 Tougrcs, defeat of the Belgians at, IV. 
 
 xxv. 71. 
 Tonguet, admiral, made a peer, I. vi. 96. 
 
 arr/e Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 295 
 
 Tonnage duty, abolishment of the, II. x. 
 144. 
 
 Tony, Korner's drama of, V. xxviii. 33. 
 
 Tooke, Mr, on the financial position of 
 England in 1819, II. x. 19 on the fall 
 of prices and consequent distress in 
 1819, &c., 23 note on the state of 
 trade, &c. in 1823-4, III. xix. 64 the 
 free-trade petition drawn up by, 40 
 on the anxiety caused by the export of 
 gold, VI. xxxvii. 42 on the railway 
 crisis, VII. xliii. 120. 
 
 Toolsa Bye, murder of, VI. xxxix. 51. 
 
 Tootumdurrah, defeat of Dost Mahom- 
 med at, VI. xl. 90. 
 
 Top-Dagh, storming of the, III. xv. 102. 
 
 Tophani, great fire at, III. xiv. 85. 
 
 Topjees, the Turkish, III. xiii. 44. 
 
 Toreno, the marquis, a leader in the 
 Cortes of 1820, II. vii. 84 new so- 
 ciety headed by, xi. 49 supports the 
 law against the press, 50 threatened 
 by the mob, ib. a member of the 
 Spanish committee in France, IV. 
 xxiv. 66. 
 
 Tories, the, want of social influence 
 among, I. v. 112 support the bill 
 for disfranchising the forty-shilling 
 freeholders, IV. xxi. 151 division 
 among, from the effects of the con- 
 traction of the currency, xxii. 6 
 their indignation at Catholic emancipa- 
 tion, 7 secession of, from the Welling- 
 ton ministry, 25 feelings of, toward 
 George IV. 46 objects of, in desiring 
 reform, 74 views of, on the Irish 
 church commission, V. xxxi. 135 
 creations of peers by, VI. xxxvi. 25 
 note gains of, by the elections of 
 1841, xxxviii. 57 different views of 
 Peel taken by, at different times, VII. 
 xli. 1 coercion bills for Ireland 
 brought in by, xlii. 71. See also 
 Conservatives. 
 
 Tory party, the, breaking up of, IV. xxii. 
 25 reunion of, under Peel, xxiii. 54 
 breaking up of, by the corn-law 
 question, VII. xliii. 1 this done by 
 its own leaders, 2 entire breaking up 
 of, 98. 
 
 Toro, defeat of the royalists at, II. xi. 
 76. 
 
 Toronto, advance of the insurgents on, 
 VI. xxxvii. 85, 86 their defeat, 87. 
 
 Torot, Colonel Ignatz, execution of, VIII. 
 lv. 85. 
 
 Torquato Tasso, Goethe's, V. xxviii. 12. 
 
 Torrilla, prince, VII. xlvi. 85, VIII. 
 Hi. 18. 
 
 Tortona, occupation of, by the Austrians, 
 II. viii. 86. 
 
 Tortosa, ravages of yellow fever in, II. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 xi. 43 capture of, by the allies, V. 
 
 xxxii. 71. 
 Torture, abolition of, in Spain, II. vii. 
 
 34 abolition of, among the Cossacks, 
 
 III. xv. 20 use of, in China, VIII. 
 
 xlviii. 14. 
 Tosti, M. speech of, on the abdication 
 
 of Charles Albert, VIII. Hi. 97. 
 Totness, partially disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 
 42 note. 
 Toula, population of, II. viii. 20 note. 
 Toulon, insurrectionary attempt at, 1821, 
 
 II. xi. 23 preparations for the expedi- 
 tion to Algiers at, III. xvii. 41 out- 
 breaks in, 1831, V. xxix. 24 reform 
 banquet at, 1840, VII. xliv. 31 fire 
 in the arsenal of, xlvii. 10. 
 
 Toulouse, the archbishop of, III. xvi. 9, 
 82 royalist atrocities at, I. iii. 34 
 proposed railway from Paris to, VI. 
 xxxiv. 8 reform banquet at, VII. 
 xliv. 32 riots in, 1841, against the 
 new valuation, 62 their suppression, 
 63 revolutionary banquet at, 1848, 
 VIII. li. 20. 
 
 Toultcha, capture of, by the Russians, 
 
 III. xv. 42. 
 
 Tour, prince de la, II. viii. 80 anti- 
 revolutionary efforts of, at Turin, 82, 
 83, 84. 
 
 Tourgunoff, Nicholas, condemned to 
 Siberia, II. viii. 137. 
 
 Tourkmantchai, treaty of, III. xv. 28. 
 
 Tourlain, M. de, death of, at Befort, II. 
 xi. 18. 
 
 Tourret, M., minister of commerce, VIII. 
 1. 97 note. 
 
 Tours, arrest of the ex-ministers of 
 Charles X. at, IV. xxiv. 60 reform 
 banquet at, VII. xliv. 32. 
 
 Tower, preparations against the Chartists 
 at the, VII. xliii. 132. 
 
 Towns, inability of large, to support 
 their numbers, I. i. 44 predominance 
 of democratic passion in, 62 increase 
 of crime in, iv. 83 the Spauish, pre- 
 valence of liberalism in, II. vii. 14 
 large, want of, in Russia, viii. 15, 20 
 population of principal, in Russia, 20 
 the French, state of public feeling 
 in, xi. 26 policy of government 
 toward, in Turkey, III. xiii. 21 the 
 Ayams in the Turkish, 29 popula- 
 tion of, in Turkey, 32 increased 
 value of houses in, in France, xvii. 35 
 the French, absence of religious 
 restraints in, 121 large proportion of 
 natural children in, 122 crowding of 
 population into, in France, 130 the 
 great commercial and manufacturing, 
 want of representation of, in Great 
 Britain, IV. xxii. 2 collision of in- 
 fo the Paragraph.
 
 296 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Towns, continued. 
 terests between, and those of the 
 counties, 3 increase of realised wealth 
 in the, 27 the great, influence of 
 the railway system on, 67 excitement 
 in, 1830, xxiii. 25 excitement in, on 
 the reform bill, 54 increased number 
 of members for, under new reform 
 bill, 94 representatives of, in the 
 States-general of Prussia, V. xxvii. 77 
 note the French, state of the work- 
 ing classes in, 1831, xxix. 2 the 
 elections for 1833 in the large, xxxi. 
 26 predominance given to the, by 
 the reform bill, VI. xxxvii. 3 growth 
 of aristocracy in the, in the United 
 States, 10 outcry in, against the 
 corn laws, xxxviii. 36 effects of the 
 railway system on the large, VII. xlii. 
 9 the Scottish, increase of pauperism 
 in, 28 objects of, in seeking repeal 
 of the corn laws, 89 comparative 
 mortality of, and the country, xliii. 
 93 increase of population in, in 
 France, 158 influx into, in France 
 from the country, xliv. 39 the Swiss, 
 progress of Radicalism in, xlvi. 91 
 increased influence given by railways 
 to, VIII. lvi. 23. 
 
 Town districts, comparative mortality 
 of, VIII. lvi. 35. 
 
 Tracy, M. de, minister of marine, 1848, 
 VIII. li. 31. 
 
 Tracy, Leon, a member of Louis Napo- 
 leon's cabinet, VIII. lvii. 3. 
 
 Trade and manufactures, debate in par- 
 liament on, 1817, I. iv. 24 sound 
 condition of, in England, to end of 
 1824, III. xix. 64 contempt for, 
 among the Affghans, VI. xl. 21 im- 
 provement in, 1843, VII. xli. 76. 
 
 Traders, distress of the, in Great Bri- 
 tain, 1839, VI. xxxvii. 39. 
 
 Trades unions, origin, &c. of, in England, 
 
 II. vii. 104 violence employed by, 
 
 III. xix. 53 measures of the Ger- 
 manic Diet against, V. xxvii. 54 
 origin of, VI. xxxviii. 50, 51 violences 
 of, 51 effect of the cotton-spinners' 
 trial with regard to, 56. 
 
 Trading class, the, in Russia, II. viii. 26. 
 Trading classes, the, prosperity of, in 
 
 Paris under the Restoration, III. xvii. 
 
 126 accumulations of capital by, 
 
 IV. xxiii. 163 influence of, in the 
 boroughs, 144 prosperity of, in 
 France, xxiv. 3 alarm of, at the 
 income tax, VII. xli. 49. 
 
 Trafalgar, monument voted for battle 
 of, I. ii. 61. 
 
 Tragala Perro, the, the Spanish revolu- 
 tionary song, II. xi. 38. 
 
 Training, military, act for prohibiting, 
 
 II. x. 35. 
 
 Trajan, the wall of, III. xv. 35. 
 Trajanopolis, advance of the Russians 
 
 to, III. xv. 135. 
 Transfers in funds, proposed duty on, 
 
 IV. xxiii. 29 note. 
 Transfers of land, taxes on, in France, 
 
 III. xvii. 129 note. 
 
 Transport, defective means of, in India, 
 VI. xxxix. 19. 
 
 Transportation, practical abandonment 
 of, I. iv. 93 advantages of, and its 
 abandonment, VI. xxxviii. 7- how 
 this has ensued, 8 relinquishment 
 of the system, VIII. lvi. 37 causes 
 which led to it, 38 what government 
 should have done, 39 effects of the 
 abandonment, 40, 41. 
 
 Transylvania, proposed union of, to Hun- 
 gary, Vllt. liv. 16 operations of 
 Bern in, lv. 9, 20 et seq. occupied 
 by the insurgents, 21 defeats of 
 Bern, &c. in, 68. 
 
 Trant, Inspector, defeat of Smith O'Brien 
 and the Irish rebels by, VII. xliii. 
 139. 
 
 Trapani, surrender of, to the Neapoli- 
 tans, VIII. lii. 109. 
 
 Trappist, the, a royalist leader in Spain, 
 see Maranon. 
 
 Tras-os-Montes, royalist insurrection in, 
 II. xii. 97 invasion of, from Spain, 
 
 IV. xxi. 50. 
 
 Travel, extension of, to the middle 
 classes by the railway system, IV. 
 xxii. 64. 
 
 Travelling, passion for, in Russia, II. viii. 
 41. 
 
 Treason, inexpedience of punishing with 
 death, I. iii. 139, 140 defect in the 
 English law regarding, iv. 22 com- 
 mencement of the trials for, in France 
 in 1834, V. xxxiii. 16 effect of the 
 mode of trial resolved on, 17 com- 
 mencement of the trial, and contest 
 with the Bar, 18 contest about the 
 choice of defenders, 19 the proceed- 
 ings, 20 the accused refuse to plead, 
 21 progress of the trial, 22 con- 
 tinued disorders, and letter of Audry 
 de Puyraveau, 23 proceedings in 
 the Deputies regarding the trials, 24 
 the trials disjoined, and escape of 
 part of the prisoners, 25 conclusion 
 of them, 26 reflections on them, 27 
 1 1 seq. 
 
 Trcasurership of the navy, motion on 
 the, IV". xxii. 31. 
 
 Treaty of 6th July regarding Greece, 
 the, III. xiv. 151 et seq. 
 
 Treaties of Aix-la-Chapelle, I. vi. 64. 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 297 
 
 Trebizond, population of, III. xiii. 32 
 note threatened by the Russians, 
 xv. 1 6 establishment of academy at, 
 V. xxxii. 53. 
 
 Trees of liberty, planting of, in Paris, 
 1848, VIII. 1. 11 decree of the Ger- 
 manic Diet regarding, V. xxvii. 49. 
 
 Tregony, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Tregtay, general, death of, III. xv. 58. 
 
 Treilhard, M., prefect of police, resigna- 
 tion of, IV. xxv. 17. 
 
 Trelat, M., at the Hotel de Ville, IV. 
 xxiv. 22 speech of, on his trial for 
 treason, V. xxxiii. 27, 28 minister of 
 public works, 1848, VIII. 1. 69 note. 
 
 Tremouille, the prince de la, I. hi. 
 62. 
 
 Trent, insurrection in, VIII. lii. 29 
 recaptured, ib. 
 
 Trent Valley Railway, commencement of 
 the, by Sir R. Peel, VII. xlii. 11. 
 
 Trestaillon, a royalist assassin, I. iii. 35 
 tried and acquitted, ib. 
 
 Tretes, defeat of the Turks at, III. xiv. 
 72. 
 
 Treves, the holy coat of, and excitement 
 caused by it, V. xxvii. 73. 
 
 Treviso, the duke of, made a peer, I. vi. 
 96 invested by the Austrians, VIII. 
 lii. 59 capitulation of, 59 garrisoned 
 by Radetsky, 60. 
 
 Trevor, captain, moved up to Cabul, VI. 
 xl. 104 murder of, with Macnaghten, 
 124. 
 
 Trezel, general, defeat of, by Abd-el- 
 Kadr, V. xxxiii. 101 at siege of Con- 
 stantine, 121. 
 
 Trianon, retreat of Charles X. to, III. 
 xvii. 90. 
 
 Tribune, the, denunciations of Casimir 
 Perier by, IV. xxv. 51 suppression 
 of, V. xxix. 67 violent language, &c. 
 of, 1833, xxx. 31 note suppression 
 of, 1834, 49 charges against the 
 Peers in, xxxiii. 24. 
 
 Tricolor, hoisting of the, in Paris in 
 1830, III. xvii. 69 change in, 1848, 
 VIII. 1. 3. 
 
 Tricorphse, defeat of the Greeks at, III. 
 xiv. 128. 
 
 Tricoupi, M., Greek minister, VII. xlvi. 
 58. 
 
 Trieste, extension of railway lines to, V. 
 xxvii. 72. 
 
 Trim, O'Connell at monster repeal meet- 
 ing at, VII. xli. 69. 
 
 Tripoli (Africa), the bey of, negotiations 
 with, regarding piracy, &c., I. ii. 69. 
 
 Tripoli (Asia Minor), population of, III. 
 xiii. 32 note defeat of the Turks at, 
 V. xxxii. 9 secured by treaty to Me- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic i 
 
 hemet Ali, 28 capture of, by the 
 allies, 71. 
 
 Tripolitza, description of, and its siege 
 by the Greeks, III. xiv. 39 stormiDg 
 and massacre of, 41 importance of its 
 capture, 42 surrender of, to the legis- 
 lative, 101 capture of, by Ibrahim 
 Pacha, 127. 
 
 Trocadero, assault of the, at Cadiz, II. 
 xii. 85. 
 
 Tronchet, M., a leader of the Parti - 
 pretre, III. xvi. 10. 
 
 Tronson, colonel, check of, at Joolgah, 
 
 VI. xl. 90. 
 
 Troops of the line, the treason of the, 
 during the Three Days, III. xvii. 
 106. 
 
 Troppau, the congress of, II. viii. 70 
 its proceedings, 71 discussion in 
 parliament on it, x. 93. 
 
 Trott, M. de, V. xxvii. 48 note. 
 
 Troubetzkoi, prince, a leader of the 
 Russian conspirators, II. viii. 118, 
 121 named dictator by the conspira- 
 tors, 122, 126 cowardice and arrest 
 of, 130 condemned to Siberia, 137. 
 
 Troubetskoi, the princess, accompanies 
 her husband to Siberia, II. viii. 141, 
 142 cruelty of Nicholas to her, 
 143. 
 
 Trouve-Chauvel, M., appointed minister 
 of police, VIII. 1. 74. 
 
 Troy, siege of, European and Asiatic 
 character as exhibited in, IV. xxvi. 
 2. 
 
 Troyes, Louis Philippe at, IV. xxv. 56 
 resistance to the valuation in, VII. 
 xliv. 61. 
 
 Truro, lord, decides against right of 
 able-bodied poor to relief in Scotland, 
 
 VII. xlii. 29. 
 
 Truro, partially disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Truxillo, capture of, by the French, II. 
 xii. 77. 
 
 Tse-Kee, defeat of the Chinese at, VIII. 
 xlviii. 38. 
 
 Tsikhedjeri, repulse of the Russians at, 
 III. xv. 107. 
 
 Tskhout, defeat of the Turks at, III. 
 xv. 74. 
 
 Tudors, Mr, map by, of the Maine bound- 
 ary, VII. xli. 89. 
 
 Tuffnell, Mr, views of, regarding the 
 poor law, VI. xxxvii. 47 note. 
 
 Tuileries, the, return of Louis XVIII. 
 to, I. iii. 11 threatened by the insur- 
 gents in 1820, II. ix. 76 capture of, 
 by the insurgents, III. xvii. 81 im- 
 portance of the capture of, 104 last 
 council of Louis Philippe at, VII. 
 xlvii. 65 sacking of, 1848, VIII. 1. 4, 7. 
 
 > the Paragraph,.
 
 298 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Tulloch, brigadier, during advance to 
 Cabul, VIII. xlviii. 87. 
 
 Tunis, the Bey of, negotiations with, re- 
 garding piracy, &c, I. ii. 69. 
 
 Turban, reintroduction of the, in Turkey, 
 V. xxxii. 53. 
 
 Turcoing, defeat of French revolutionists 
 at, VIII. 1. 42. 
 
 Turiak, defeat of Bern at, VIII. lv. 69. 
 
 Turin, revolution in, II. vii. 119 eva- 
 cuation of, by the revolutionists, viii. 
 84 reception of Lord Minto in, VII. 
 xlvi. 78 excitement in, for renewal of 
 the war, VIII. lii. 84. 
 
 Turkey, recent acquisitions of Russia 
 from, I. i. 12 tendency of Russia to- 
 ward, II. viii. 34 Russian interven- 
 tion in, III. xiii. 67 conquests of 
 Peter the Great from, 69 treaty of 
 Bucharest, 70 treaties between 
 Russia and, regarding the Principali- 
 ties, 75 note the cession of Parga to, 
 in 1819, xiv. 8 its surrender to her, 
 10 effects of the Spanish revolution 
 on, 12 state of, in 1821, 13 its mili- 
 tary weakness at this time, 14 
 commencement of the Greek insur- 
 rection, 15 first measures of the 
 government, 17 spread of the insur- 
 rection throughout Greece, 21, 22 
 excitement at Constantinople, 23 
 murders of Greeks, 24 measures 
 of the Sultan, 25 cruelties in Asia 
 Minor, 26 massacres in Cyprus, 27 
 the insurrection general, 28 war 
 between, and Persia, 48 disputes 
 and negotiations with Russia, 49 
 ultimatum of the latter, and its re- 
 fusal, 50 her ultimatum, 51 efforts 
 of the English ambassador to avoid a 
 rupture, 52 losses of, by campaign of 
 1823, 79 earthquakes, &c. in, 81 
 renewed negotiations with Russia, 82 
 revolution in favour of the Janiza- 
 ries, 84 preparations of, for campaign 
 of 1824, 103 terms proposed by the 
 three powers regarding Greece to, 152 
 reply of her government, 153 et seq. 
 preparations of, 1 56 final note of 
 the allies, and reply, 157 duty and 
 advantage of early interference be- 
 tween her and Greece, 170 conduct 
 of, on the battle of Navarino, and 
 rupture with the allies, 165 state of 
 the negotiations with Russia, 1826, 
 xv. 6 measures resolved on against 
 the Janizaries, 7 new statute regard- 
 ing the Janizaries, 8 their insurrec- 
 tion, 9 their defeat and destruction, 
 10 ct seq. effects of their destruction, 
 1 3 civil reforms, 14 negotiations 
 with Russia, and demands of the lat- 
 
 ter, 15 these acceded to, 16 con- 
 vention of Ackerman, 17 its disas- 
 trous consequences to her, 18 further 
 reforms of Mahmoud in, 19 prepara- 
 tions of Russia for war with, 27 re- 
 criminations between, and Russia, 28 
 commencement of hostilities, 31 pre- 
 parations of, 32 forces raised, 33 
 critical position of, 1828, and firmness 
 of the government, 50 losses of, dur- 
 ing campaign of 1828, 65 prepara- 
 tions of, for the campaign of 1829, 84 
 preparations of, for campaign of 
 1829 in Europe, 111 naval forces of, 
 1829, 115 the treaty of Adrianople, 
 136 et seq. final convention regard- 
 ing Greece, 142 effects of the sever- 
 ance of Greece on, 143 the alleged 
 regeneration of, 145 policy of Russia 
 toward, in treaty of Adrianople, 146 
 difficulty of her conquest, 147 her 
 strength from situation, 148 destined 
 triumph of Christianity in, 151 re- 
 ciprocity treaty with, xix. 29 note 
 commercial treaty of Prussia with, 
 1841, V. xxvii. 66 Von Hammer's 
 history of, xxviii. 46 resolution of 
 the Congress of Muntz-Graetz regard- 
 ing, xxx. 26 effects of the possession 
 of Constantinople on, xxxii. 1 -her 
 weakness after the peace of Adrian- 
 ople, 2 Mehemet Ali in Egypt, 3 
 origin of the war with him, 5 com- 
 mencement of it, 7 et seq. results of 
 the campaign, and great preparations,! 3 
 danger of, after the battle of Konieh, 
 20 applies to England, and is refused 
 succour, 21 reasons for not applying 
 to France, 22 makes application for 
 help to Russia, 23 which is accorded, 
 24 the government endeavours to 
 countermand the Russian succours, 
 and breach of the negotiations, 25 
 fresh Russian expedition, 26 mission 
 of Lord Durham, &c. to Russia re- 
 garding, 27 terms exacted by the 
 latter from her, ib. treaty between 
 Mehemet Ali and, 28 treaty of 
 Unkiar-Skelessi with Russia, 29 its 
 terms, 30 remonstrances of the 
 western powers against it, 31 new 
 treaty regarding Greece, 35 com- 
 mercial treaty between England and, 42 
 increasing coldness between France 
 and, 44 mutual recriminations be- 
 tween, and Mehemet Ali, 45 efforts of 
 France and England to avert hostilities, 
 46 commences hostilities, 47 forces 
 of, 48 battle of Nezib, 49 treacher- 
 ous surrender of her fleet, 50 death 
 and character of Sultan Mahmoud, 51 
 effect of his reforms on her power, 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 299 
 
 ib. revival of pacific views, 52 re- 
 forms and changes under Abdul 
 Medjid, 52, 53 revolution in Servia, 
 54 danger of second intervention of 
 Russia, and views of the European 
 powers, 55 ultimate demands of, 
 regarding Egypt, 56 treaty with the 
 four powers for settlement of ques- 
 tion, 57 terms finally granted by, to 
 Mehemet Ali, V. xxxii. 74 treaty 
 concluded, 75 treaty with the Euro- 
 pean powers regarding the Dardanelles 
 and Bosphorus, 76 her true danger 
 from Russia, 78, 79 fatal effect of the 
 refusal of aid to her by England, 79 
 convention with Russia for evacuation 
 of Silistria, xxxiii. 62 debate in 
 Deputies on, 1839, VI. xxxiv. 46 et 
 seq. Thiers' policy toward, 88 final 
 treaty between Mehemet Ali and, 114 
 danger from Russia to, since treaty 
 of Unkiar-Skelessi, 116, 117 acquisi- 
 tions of Russia from, xl. 29 prostra- 
 tion of, before Russia, 33 the secret 
 object of the Emperor Nicholas' visit 
 to England, VII. xli. 120 flight of 
 the Hungarian refugees into, VIII. 
 lv. 83 demands of Russia for expul- 
 sion of Hungarian refugees, lvi. 56. 
 
 Turkey in Europe, population of, III. 
 xiii. 17 classification of the popula- 
 tion, ib. note. 
 
 Turks, the, race of, III. xiii. 7 system 
 of government of, 9 the military 
 strength of the empire derived from 
 them, 11 character of, 27 skill of, 
 in the use of arms, 47' their defence 
 of fortresses, 49, 50 causes of their 
 obstinate defence of these, 51 Rus- 
 sian mode of fighting them, 52 exas- 
 peration between, and the Greeks, 
 before the revolt, 77 massacres of, 
 in Moldavia, xiv. 16 enthusiasm of, 
 against the Moldavian insurgents, 20 
 successes of, in the Morea, 1821, 36 
 renewed massacres by, in Smyrna, 43 
 naval defeats of, 77, 78 results of 
 campaign of 1823, 79, 80 plans of, 
 for the campaign of 1823, 89 prepa- 
 rations of, for campaign of 1825, 119 
 forces of, at Navarino, 160 their 
 defeat there, 161 et seq. atrocities of, 
 during the Greek war, 169 excite- 
 ment of, on the passage of the Balkan, 
 xv. 136 number of, in Algiers, xvii. 
 48 note disastrous effects of the 
 conquest of the Byzantine empire by, 
 IV. xxvi. 4. 
 
 Turkish empire, the, vehemence of the 
 strife of races in, III. xiii. 6 variety 
 of races in it, 7 division of Christians 
 and Mussulmans in, 8 system of 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 government, 9 the division of races 
 made it more easy, 10 its military 
 strength derived from the Turks, 11 
 its civil business conducted by the 
 Greeks, 12 increase of Christians as 
 compared with Turks, 13 general de- 
 crease of population in, 16 statistics 
 of it, 17 in what does the oppression 
 consist, 18 the lives and property of 
 all belong to the Sultan, 19 great 
 extent of land held in mortmain, 20 
 injury done by importation, 21 
 venality in holders of office, 22 weak- 
 ness of the executive, 23 venality and 
 corruption of justice, 24 weakness of 
 government in, 25 effects of the 
 want of means of communication, 26 
 excellent qualities in the native 
 character, 27 the theory of the 
 government mild, 28 the A yams, 29 
 the village system, 30 revenue of, 
 31 population of the towns and de- 
 cline of the country, 32 multitude of 
 servants in, 33 its variable strength, 
 34 great vicissitudes in its history, 
 35 independence of the larger pachas, 
 and weakness of central government, 
 36 importance of its capital on the 
 fortunes of mankind, 37 maritime 
 forces of, 43 the Janizaries, 44 the 
 cavalry, 45 loss of its light horse, 46 
 sources of its present strength, 47 
 fortifications, and mode of defend- 
 ing them, 49, 50 natural defences of, 
 53 the Danube as its frontier stream, 
 54 the Balkan, 55 the command of 
 the sea or support of Austria neces- 
 sary to Russian conquest of, 57 de- 
 fences of the Asiatic provinces of, 59 
 the Caucasus as a military barrier, 
 60 description of Asia Minor, 62 
 the Caucasian tribes, 65. 
 
 Turkish fleet, treacherous surrender of, 
 to Mehemet Ali, V. xxxii. 50, 75. 
 
 Turkish war, effect of the, in augmenting 
 the danger from Russia, VI. xl. 31. 
 
 Turner, a Radical, execution of, I. iv. 14. 
 
 Turner, Sharon, the historical works of, 
 I. v. 52. 
 
 Turner, the paintings of, I. v. 90. 
 
 Turnips, increased produce of, in Ire- 
 land, 1849-53, VII. xliii. 160 note. 
 
 Turnoid, capture of, by the Russians, III. 
 xv. 113. 
 
 Turnpikes, the pressure of, in South 
 Wales, and the Rebecca riots against 
 them, VII. xli. 82 et seq. proposed 
 new regulations regarding, 1S46, xiii. 
 50. 
 
 Turnpike trusts, consolidation of, in 
 Wales, VII. xli. 84 necessity for re- 
 form in, ib. note. 
 
 the Paragraph.
 
 300 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Tuscany, contributions from France to, 
 I. iii. 48 note the princess of, at 
 Verona during the congress, II. xii. 
 14 attempted insurrection in, 1830, 
 IV. xxv. 26 treaty with, regarding 
 the slave trade, VII. xliv. 49 liberal 
 policy in the grand-duchy of, xlvi. 69 
 annexation of Lucca to, 80 consti- 
 tution proclaimed in, 86 the grand- 
 duke of, constitution granted by, VIII. 
 Iii. 2 amnesty proclaimed in, 25 
 auxiliary troops from, 26 excitement 
 in, after the fall of Milan, 78 anarchy 
 in, 82 grand-duke retires to Gaeta, 
 83 counter revolution in, 104 dis- 
 persion of Garibaldi's troops in, 117 
 restoration of grand-duke, 1 20. 
 
 Twelve judges, decision of tho, on 
 O'Connell's case, VII. xli. 73. 
 
 Twenty-fourth of February, Werner's 
 drama of, V. xxviii. 28. 
 
 Tykokzyn, defeat of the Russians at, IV. 
 xxvi. 73. 
 
 Tynemouth, member given to, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Tyre, military importance of, in time of 
 Alexander, V. xxxii. 7 position of, 63. 
 
 Tyrol, measures of Radetsky to secure, 
 VIII. Hi. 29 rising in favour of 
 Austria, ib. invasion of, by the Free 
 Corps, 34 their defeat, 35 opera- 
 tions of Weldon in, 59 representa- 
 tion of the peasantry in, liii. 9 flight 
 of the emperor to, liv. 22, 23. 
 
 Tyrolese War, Bartholdy's Memoir of 
 the, V. xxvii. 53. 
 
 Tytler's History of Scotland, on, I. v. 
 55, 56. 
 
 Tzombor, combat at, VIII. lv. 61. 
 
 u 
 
 Ubicini, on agriculture and population 
 in Turkey, III. xiii. 13 note classifi- 
 cation of the Turkish population by, 
 17 note. 
 
 Udine, prices of wheat at, 1817 and 
 1819, II. x. 17 note capture of, by 
 the Austrians, VIII. Hi. 44. 
 
 Uhland, the poems of, V. xxviii. 3G 
 rejected for the General Diet,VIII. liii. 
 33. 
 
 Ukraine, the, journey of Alexander over, 
 II. viii. 64 originally a part of Poland, 
 IV. xxvi. 7 statistics of, 44 insur- 
 rection in, and its suppression, 70. 
 
 Ulema or Oulema, the, in Turkey, III. 
 xiii. 24. 
 
 Ulikow, defeat of Gallician insurgents at 
 VII. xlvi. 21. 
 
 Ulm, the cathedral of, V. xxviii. 79. 
 
 Ulster, state of the population of, II. x. 
 116 Catholics and Protestants in, IV. 
 xx. 25 note tenant right in, VII. xiii. 
 78. 
 
 Umballa, preparations at, VIII. xlix. 57. 
 
 Umin.ski, general, forces under, IV. 
 xxvi. 60 defeat of, near I^anie, 67 
 operations of, at Ostrolenka, 73 at 
 assault of Warsaw. 91 at Lamarque's 
 funeral, V. xxix. 61. 
 
 Umritzur, city of, V 1 1 1, xlix. 52. 
 
 Unmr Singh, a Ghoorka chief, defeat of, 
 VI. xxxix. 42 surrender of, 43. 
 
 Uniform representation, dangers of, IV. 
 xxiii. 49 arguments against, 71 note 
 error committed in system of, 143 
 evils, &c. of, 166. 
 
 The L 
 
 Uniform suffrage, dangers and evils of, 
 IV. xxv. 49. 
 
 Union, repeal of the, the agitation for it 
 in Ireland, IV. xx. 18 one object of 
 the Catholic Association, 27 resist- 
 ance to, in Ireland, xxi. 165 com- 
 mencement of agitation for, xxii. 18 
 increased agitation, xxiii. 27 com- 
 mencement of the agitation for it, V. 
 xxxi. 114 O'Connell's arguments for 
 it, 116 et seq. and those against it, 
 121 result of debate, 125 increased 
 agitation for it, 126 its chances of 
 success, 127 increased agitation for, 
 VII. xli. G5, 67 monster meetings 
 for it, 68, 69 proceedings of govern- 
 ment, 70 effect of the arrest, &c. of 
 O'Connell, 74. 
 
 United Greeks, clergy belonging to the, 
 in Russia, II. viii. 22 note. 
 
 United Mexican Mining Company, the, 
 III. xix. 66 note. 
 
 United States, the, increase of territory 
 and population of, I. i. 11 distress in, 
 from contraction of the currency, 35 
 ratio of increase of population in, 
 39 proportion of educated and un- 
 educated criminals in, 48 effects of 
 repi-esentative institutions in, 59 pro- 
 bable effects of the increasing num- 
 bers of Irish in, 63 - increase of 
 emigration to, 65 firmness of, to- 
 ward Algiers, ii. 68 policy of, toward 
 England, II. vii. 6 rate of exports 
 per head from England to, ib. note 
 and shipping with, ib. Florida sold 
 
 ar'je Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 SOI 
 
 by Spain to, 62 vast growth of, in 
 recent times, viii. 1 proportion of 
 agricultural population in, 15 ratio 
 of increase of population in, 16 pro- 
 babilities of disruption in, 18 treaty 
 between, and Russia, settling the boun- 
 daries of the latter in America, 97 
 the educational system of, x. 59 in- 
 crease of the trade to, 64 exports 
 from England per head to, 75 note 
 navigation act passed by, III. xix. 21 
 reciprocity treaty between them and 
 Great Britain, ib. reciprocity treaty 
 with, 29 note shipping employed in 
 trade with, 31 increased protective 
 system of, 33 statistics of exports to, 
 ib. note laws of, regarding British 
 colonial shipping, 77 exports to, com- 
 pared with Australia, IV. xxi. 29 
 anticipations as to export of corn from, 
 80 reaction against Popery in, 173 
 bribery in, xxiii. 155 -commercial 
 treaty of Prussia with, 1841, V. xxvii. 
 66 early settlement of the negroes in, 
 xxxi. 76 relative increase of whites and 
 blacks in, 80 and note settlement of 
 the indemnity question with France, 
 xxxiii. 15 payment of the French 
 debt to, 62 exile of Louis Napoleon 
 to, 80 danger of England from, VI. 
 xxxvii. 2 great want of, 4 great ad- 
 vantages of paper currency in, 5 
 great prosperity from 1820 to 1835, 6 
 prudence of the banks, 7 purchase 
 of lands in the west with their notes, 
 8 difference between the political 
 feeling of landholders there and in 
 Europe, 9 aristocracy in the towns, 
 10 and democracy in the country, 11 
 - cause of the violence of party con- 
 tests, 12 jealousy of the banks on the 
 part of the democratic party, 13 
 general Jackson, his measures against 
 the banks, 14 grounds of complaint 
 against them, 15 their extension in 
 the back settlements and enmity pro- 
 voked by it, 16 Jackson vetoes the 
 renewal of the bank charter, 17 
 withdrawal of the public deposits 
 from the bank, 18 this approved by 
 the Representatives, and condemned 
 by the Senate, 19 general crash in 
 the Union, 20 petition from New 
 York in favour of the bank, 21 in- 
 creased hostility of Jackson to it, 22 
 increased banking mania in the west, 
 23 the President's account of the 
 operations of the western banks, 24 
 treasury order regarding cash pay- 
 ments for public lands, 25 effects of 
 these measures, 26 disasters which 
 ensued, 27 general ruin, 2S wide- 
 
 spread bankruptcies, and increased 
 measures against the banks, 29 in- 
 creased straits of government, and 
 ruin of the finances, 30 increased 
 crisis in 1838 and 1839, 31 disas- 
 trous effects of these measures, 32 
 effect of these changes on England, 
 33 terror in, at the export of gold 
 from England, 42 the effects of 
 it, ,43 effects in Canada of the 
 crusade against the banks, 79 
 efforts of sympathisers in, to aid the 
 Canadian insurgents, 89 burning of 
 the Caroline, 90 the sympathisers 
 disclaimed by the government, 91 
 conduct of the government of, on the 
 execution of the sympathisers, 108 
 reflections on their course, 109 - 
 growth of, compared with that of Ca- 
 nada, 112, 115 picture of, by Lord 
 Durham as compared with Canada, 
 115 total sales of waste lands in, 
 VI. xxxv hi. 10 restrictive tariff of, 
 50 exports per head to, xxxix. 9 
 dependence of England for cotton 
 on, 19 effect of crusade against the 
 banks on exports to, VII. xli. 25 
 Peel on the monetary crisis in, 28 
 diminished exports to, 29 food- 
 growing districts of, and importance 
 of extending commercial relations 
 with them, 37 differences with, 1843, 
 86 question of the right of search, 
 87 its settlement, 88 the Maine 
 boundary question, 89 et seq. the 
 proceedings regarding it, 90 treaty 
 concluded, 91 the Oregon question, 
 93 treaty concluded, 94 its terms, 
 95 reflections on these treaties, 96 
 the Protectionists on, xlii. 62 value 
 of exports per head to, xliii. 11 in- 
 creased importation of slaves into, 14 
 details of navy of, 28 note Irish 
 emigrants to, 1 84 1 -55, 4 6 note imports 
 of cotton from, 1841 to 1847, 84 note 
 diminished supply and rise in price 
 of cotton, 1847, &c, 116 miles of 
 railway in, 122 note effects of the 
 monetaiy crisis in England on, 141 
 importations of food from, 159 re- 
 strictive tariff of, 163 exports and 
 imports with, 164 note commerce of, 
 1846-55, 165 note shipping of, 
 166 note effects of the bank crisis 
 in France, xliv. 4 1 indignation 
 excited by allied treaty regarding 
 the slave trade, 51 acknowledg- 
 ment of the French republic by, 
 VIII. 1. 46. 
 United States Bank, establishment of 
 the, 1816, VI. xxxvii. 5 prudence, 
 &c. of its management, 6 statistics 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 302 
 
 HISTORY OF. EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 United States Bank, continued. 
 
 of, 7 note Jackson vetoes the re- 
 newal of its charter, 17 and with- 
 draws the public deposits from it, 18 
 Jackson's increased hostility to it, 
 22 suspension of cash payments by 
 the, 28 aid given by Bank of Eng- 
 land to the, 1838, 31 finally stops 
 payment, ib. 
 
 Unity, the general demand for, in Ger- 
 many, VIII. liii. 12. 
 
 Universal suffrage, introduction of, by 
 the Spanish constitution of 1812,11. 
 vii. 21 election of the Cortes of 1820 
 by, 79 support of Louis Napoleon 
 and despotism by, III. xvii. 114 in- 
 efficiency of, to prevent corruption in 
 America, IV. xxiii. 155 demand of 
 Lafayette for, xxv. 15 one of the ob- 
 jects of the Radicals, V. xxxi. 1 one 
 of the points of the charter, VI. 
 xxxvii. 63 establishment of, in 
 France, 1848, VIII. 1. 30 results of, 
 1848, in France, 69 established in 
 France by constitution of 1848, li. 
 17 results of, in France, 1848, 34 
 its probable results in Great Britain, 
 35, 36 established in Prussia, liii. 
 62. 
 
 Universities, representation of the, under 
 the old constitution of England, IV. 
 xxiii. 123 restraints imposed on, in 
 Germany, V. xxvii. 22 repressive 
 measures against, in Germany, 31 
 measures against the secret societies 
 in, 39 new, established in Prussia, 
 43 decrees of the Germanic Diet re- 
 garding, 49 further measures of the 
 Vienna congress against, 53 regula- 
 tion of the Prussian government re- 
 garding, 60. 
 
 University, affair of the, in France, VII. 
 xlvi. 5. 
 
 University Legion, the, in Vienna, VIII. 
 liv. 24. 
 
 Unkiar-Skelessi, treaty of, between Rus- 
 sia and Turkey, V. xxxii. 29 its 
 secret provisions, 30 remonstrances 
 of western powers against it, 31 dis- 
 cussed at Congress of Muntz-Graetz, 
 xxx. 26 jealousies awakened by, 
 xxxii. 39 recognition of treaty of, by 
 the allies, VI. xxxiv. 114 reflections 
 on this, 116 et seq. 
 
 Unruh, president of the Prussian Assem- 
 bly, VIII. liii. 61. 
 
 Unterwalden, democratic constitution 
 of, VII. xlvi. 89 protest by, against 
 the suppression of the convents, 92 
 a member of the Sunderbund, 
 94. 
 
 Uomo, major d', dismissed from office 
 II. xi. 70. 
 
 Upper Canada, demands of the discon 
 tented in, 1835, VI. xxxvi. 28 pro 
 ceedings in, 1836, and settlement of it 
 53 different temper of, from Lower, 
 xxxvii. 78 effect of the crusade against 
 the banks in the States in, 79 com- 
 mencement of the insurrection in, 85 
 advance of the rebels, 86 report of 
 Committee of Assembly on its wants, 
 94 insurrection again excited in, 105 
 and Lower, union of, 110 increase 
 of population since 1841, 112 unap- 
 pi-opriated lands in, xxxviii. 11. See 
 also Canada. 
 
 Ural Mountains, the" gold-mines of the, 
 
 II. viii. 47. 
 
 Urban, colonel, forces under, VIII. lv. 
 5 operations against Bern, 9 opera- 
 tions of, in Transylvania, 21. 
 
 Urban constituencies, the, exemptions 
 from taxation secured by, IV. xxiii. 
 147. 
 
 Urban insurrection, true mode of com- 
 bating, III. xvii. 111. 
 
 Urban population, small proportion of, 
 in Russia, II. viii. 15, 20. 
 
 Urbarial tenure, abolition of, in Hun- 
 gary, VIII. liv. 16. 
 
 Urgel, capture of, by the royalists, II. xi. 
 60 regency established by the royalists 
 at, 73 defeat of the constitutionalists 
 at, 74 flight of the regency, 76 
 besieged by Mina, ib. 
 
 Urghundaub, battle of the, VIII. xlviii. 
 73. 
 
 Urghundeh, defeat of the Affghans at, 
 VIII. xlviii. 97 Pass, occupation of 
 the, by Sir R. Sale, 102. 
 
 Urquhart, Mr, and the affair of the 
 Vixen, VI. xxxvi. 71. 
 
 Uri, protest by, against the suppression 
 of the convents, VII. xlvi. 92 a 
 member of the Sunderbund, 94. 
 
 Uruguay, British exports to, II. xii. 105 
 note reciprocity treaty with, III. xix. 
 29 note. 
 
 Urumiyah, captured by the Russians, 
 
 III. xv. 28. 
 
 Useful arts, progress of England in the, 
 I. v. 5. 
 
 Usury laws, proposed repeal of the, V. 
 xxxi. 64. 
 
 Utrecht, treaty of, settlement of the 
 Spanish succession by, IV. xxiv. 88 
 its terms regarding tlie Spanish 
 crown, VII. xlvi. 34 differences be- 
 tween France and England regarding, 
 53. 
 
 Uzes, the duke d', I. iii. 59. 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 303 
 
 Vagleia, a leader in the revolution at 
 Palermo, II. vii. 112. 
 
 Vagrancy, proposed suppression of, in 
 Rome, VII. xlvi. 66. 
 
 Valais, the, protest by, against the sup- 
 
 , pression of the convents, VII. xlvi. 
 92 a member of the Sunderbund, 94. 
 
 Valdes, Don Gastano, appointed minister- 
 at-war, II. vii. 87 parting of Ferdi- 
 nand from, xii. 90 defeat of, in insur- 
 rectionary attempt of 1830, IV. xxiv. 
 68. 
 
 Vaillant, general, at Maharajpore, VIII. 
 xlix. 38, 39. 
 
 Valeggio, passage of the Mincio by the 
 Sardinians at, VIII. lii. 32 battle of, 
 71. 
 
 Valencay, the treaty of, and restoration 
 of Ferdinand by it, II. vii. 28 repu- 
 diated by the Cortes, ib. 
 
 Valencia, arrival of Ferdinand VII. at, 
 
 II. vii. 28 the decree of, annulling 
 
 the constitution, 30 et seq rejoicings 
 
 on it, 32 insurrection in, 1817, and 
 its suppression, 45 fresh revolt in, 
 and its suppression, 54 cruelties of 
 Elio at, 60 proceedings of the re- 
 volutionists at, 73 violence of the 
 people against the priests in, 89 
 transportation of royalists from, xi. 31 
 the Communeros in, 40 disturbed 
 state of, 44 contests between the 
 royalists and republicans in, 54 
 attack on General Elio at, 58 execu- 
 tion of General Elio at, 72 -violence 
 of the royalists in, xii. 81. 
 
 Valencia (Italy), occupation of, by the 
 
 Austriaus, II. viii. 86. 
 Valenciennes, railway to, VII. xliv. 43. 
 Valeneze, defeat of Jellachich at, VIII. 
 
 liv. 50. 
 Valerius, the novel of, I. v. 49. 
 Vales, the Spanish, what, II. vii. 51. 
 Valesi, Roumisia, defeat of, at Gravia, 
 
 III. xiv. 113. 
 Valhalla, the, at Munich, V. xxvii. 8. 
 Valladolid, reception of the French in, 
 
 II. xii. 74. 
 Vallde, marshal, at siege of Constantiue, 
 
 V. xxxiii. 122 made governor of 
 
 Algeria, 123 movements of, against 
 
 Abd - el - Kadr, VII. xlv. 22 cam- 
 paign of 1840, and capture of Medeah, 
 
 23 expedition against Milianah, 24 
 
 superseded, 26. 
 Vallin, general, at the passage of the 
 
 Bidassoa, II. xii. 72. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph. 
 
 Valmy, the duke de, see Kellermann. 
 Valognes, parting between Charles X. 
 
 and the Guard at, III. xvii. 96. 
 Valterra, colonel, presides at Elio's trial, 
 
 II. xi. 72. 
 Valtezza, position, &c. of the Greeks at, 
 
 III. xiv. 36 battle of, 37. 
 Value, difficulty as to standard of, I. iv. 
 
 66 standard of, effect of fluctuations 
 on the, II. x. 5 what is it] 9 Hus- 
 kisson on it, 133 Peel's definition of 
 it, VII. xii. 108. 
 Valuation, proposed new, in France, 
 
 VII. xliv. 60 discontent excited by 
 it, 61. 
 
 Van, the pacha of, III. xv. 84, 108 
 attack on Bajazeth by, 103. 
 
 Van Buren, Mr, becomes President of 
 the United States, VI. xxxvii. 28 
 increased measures against the banks, 
 29 proclamation by, against the 
 American sympathisers, 91 and note. 
 
 Vancouver's Island, involved in the 
 Oregon question, VII. xii. 93 given 
 to Great Britain, 95. 
 
 Vandamme, general, dismissed from 
 active service, III. xvi. 13. 
 
 Van Diemen's Land, preponderance of 
 convicts in, VI. xxxviii. 8 effects of 
 the transportation system on, VIII. 
 lvi. 40. 
 
 Vanegaz, captain-general of Galicia, II. 
 vii. 69. 
 
 Van Gheen, general, forces under, 1831, 
 
 IV. xxv. 70. 
 Van Maanen, M., minister of justice in 
 
 the Netherlands, IV. xxiv. 72 his 
 dismissal demauded by the insurgents, 
 74. 
 
 Vansittart, Mr, arguments of, on agricul- 
 tural distress, 1816, I. ii. 41 finance 
 resolutions of, iv. 80 his plan of fin- 
 ance, 81 becomes Lord Bexley, III. 
 xix. 17 duty imposed on foreign wool 
 by, 50. 
 
 Vans Agnew, Mr, murder of, at Mooltan, 
 
 VIII. xlix. 94. 
 Vaquerville, royalist atrocities at, I. iii. 
 
 34. 
 
 Varas, the chevalier di, II. vii. 119. 
 
 Variable corn dutv, arguments of Peel 
 for a, VII. xii. 33. 
 
 Varna, population of, III. xiii. 32 note 
 garrison of, 1828, xv. 42 operations 
 against, 47 operations before, 55 
 commencement of siege, ib. siege of, 
 
 . 57 advance of the Turks to raise it,
 
 304 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Varna, continued. 
 
 58 siege continued, 60 its fall, 61 
 reflections on its surrender, 62. 
 
 Yarnhageu von Ense, the memoirs of, 
 V. xxviii. 53. # 
 
 Vara off, general, corps under, 1828, III. 
 xv. 30 note. 
 
 Varselles, M. de, death of, V. xxx. 49. 
 
 Vasiliki, wife of Ali Pacha, III. xiv. 
 56. 
 
 Vassal, M., III. xvii. 67 note, 74 note. 
 
 Vassalidi, fort of, Missolonghi, III. xiv. 
 129 captured, 136. 
 
 Vatismenil, M., minister of the interior, 
 III. xvi. 73 circular to the electors 
 by, 1846, VII. xlvi. 33. 
 
 Vauban, fortification of Paris projected 
 by, V. xxx. 15. 
 
 Vaublauc, M., minister of the interior 
 under Richelieu, I. iii. 42 new law 
 of elections proposed in the Deputies 
 by, 111 et seq. retires from the mi- 
 nistry, 122 his new electoral law 
 thrown out, 128 a member of the 
 Camarilla, III. xvi. 5. 
 
 Vaud, measures of, to prevent introduc- 
 tion of supplies from France, VII. 
 xlvi. 97. 
 
 Vaudrcy, colonel, a partisan of Louis 
 Napoleon's at Strasbourg, V. xxxiii. 7C, 
 77 made prisoner, 79 his trial and 
 acquittal, 81 accompanies Louis Na- 
 poleon to Boulogne, VI. xxxiv. 81. 
 
 Vaulchier, M. de, a leader of the Parti- 
 pietre, III. xvi; 10. 
 
 Veczey, general, see Viczey. 
 
 Velasco, made governor of Seville, II. 
 vii. 92. 
 
 Velasco, Manuel de, governor of Seville, 
 II. xi. 44. 
 
 Veli Bey, father of Ali Pacha, III. xiii. 
 78 note. 
 
 Veli, sou of Ali Pacha, III. xiii. 78. 
 
 Vellore, the mutiny at, VI. xxxix. 37 
 railway from Madras to, VIII. xlix. 
 113 note. 
 
 Venaisin, the, retained by France in 
 1815, I. iii. 48. 
 
 Venality, universality of, among Turkish 
 officials, III. xiii. 22 and in the ad- 
 ministration of justice, 24. 
 
 Vendeans, trial of the, and forbearance 
 of government, V. xxix. 52. 
 
 Vendee, la, proposal of the chiefs of, in 
 1815, I. iii. 23 irritation against Louis 
 Philippe in, V. xxix. 42 the Duchess 
 de Berri resolves on crossing into, 
 44 her escape into, 45 arrival of the 
 duchess in, ib. its changed position, 
 &c, 46 abortive rising in, 48 inci- 
 dents of the war, 49 adventures of 
 the duchess, and extinction of the in- 
 
 surrection, 50 grant for roads in, 
 xxx. 18 and note. 
 
 Vendome column, restoration of the 
 statue of Napoleon to the, IV. xxv. 55. 
 
 Venetian States, the insurrection in, 
 VIII. Hi. 28. 
 
 Venezuela, British exports to, II. xii. 
 105 note reciprocity treaty with, III. 
 xix. 29 note present state of negroes 
 in, V. xxxi. 96. 
 
 Vengeance, the, proceedings of, at Genoa, 
 VIII. Iii. 103. 
 
 Venice, prices of wheat at, 1817 and 
 1819, II. x. 17 note excitement 
 against the Austrians in, VIII. Hi. 2 
 effects of the French revolution at, 3 
 the insurgents shut up in, 59 
 blockade of, 110, 118 its capture, 119. 
 
 Ventura, general, VIII. xlix. 53. 
 
 Venus of Canova, the, V. xxviii. 75. 
 
 Venus of Thorwaidsen, the, V. xxviii. 75. 
 
 Vera, defeat of Spanish refugees at, IV. 
 xxiv. 68. 
 
 Vera Cruz, capture of, by the French, VI. 
 xxxiv. 27. 
 
 Vercelli, defeat of the Sardinian insur- 
 gents at, II. viii. 83 occupied by the 
 Austrians, 86. 
 
 Verdier, general, danger, &c. of, at Mar- 
 seilles, I. iii. 30. 
 
 Verdun, Louis Philippe at, IV. xxv. 56. 
 
 Vergennes, M. de, letter from Franklin 
 to, on the Maine boundary ,VII. xli. 89. 
 
 Vermont, statistics of banks in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 7 note. 
 
 Vernet, Horace, the paintings of, III. 
 xviii. 85. 
 
 Vernon, Rev. Mr, at the funeral of Napo- 
 leon, II. ix. 121. 
 
 Vernon, T., trial and sentence of, VII. 
 xliii. 137. 
 
 Verona, the congress of, agreed to by 
 the powers, II. xii. 10 members of it, 
 11 description of the town, 12 
 views of the powers at the opening of 
 the congress, 13 brilliant assemblage 
 at it, 15 treaty for evacuation of 
 Piedmont and Naples, 16 resolution 
 regarding the slave trade, ib. note of 
 England regarding South American 
 independence, 17 measures with re- 
 gard to Spain adopted by the majority, 
 20 questions proposed by France, 
 and answers of the other powers, 21 
 views of what had occurred at it. 22 
 decline to recognise the Greeks, III. 
 xiv. S3 their declaration on the slave 
 trade, VII. xliv. 47.- 
 
 Verona, threatened by Charles Albert, 
 VIII. Hi. 58 Radetsky's lines at, 60. 
 
 Versailles, insurrection at, III. xvii. 86 
 inauguration of, as a palace of the arts, 
 
 TJie Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 305 
 
 V. xxxiii. 90 railway accident on the, 
 
 VII. xliv. 79 note attempt of the mob 
 on, 1848, VIII. 1. 4. 
 
 Versoix, ceded by France to Geneva, I. 
 iii. 48. 
 
 Vesuvius, the, at Acre, V. xxxii. 72. 
 
 Veterans, danger of disbanding, VI. xl. 
 139. 
 
 Veto act, passing, &c. of the, in the 
 General Assembly, VI. xxxvii. 74. 
 
 Vetter, general, dissatisfaction with Dem- 
 binski, VIII. lv. 19 made commander- 
 in-chief, ib. movements in advance, 
 22 resigns the command, 23. 
 
 Viardot, M., connected with the Spanish 
 liberals, IV. xxiv. 66 secretary of the 
 committee for revolutionising Spain, 
 67. 
 
 Vicenza, repulse of the Austrians at, 
 
 VIII. Iii. 46 importance of, 55 
 Radetsky moves on, 56 its capture, 
 57 importance of the victory, 59 
 garrisoned by Radetsky, 60. 
 
 Viceroys, powers, &c. of the, in China, 
 VIII. xlviii. 10, 14. 
 
 Vicissitude, constancy of, in human 
 affairs, I. iv. 1. 
 
 Vickovich, a Russian emissary in Aff- 
 ghanistan, VI. xl. 41 his liberal pro- 
 mises, 43 disavowed, and commits 
 suicide, 51. 
 
 Victoire, the princess, of Saxo-Coburg, 
 marriage of, to the Duke de Nemours, 
 VI. xxxiv. 71. 
 
 Victor, marshal, III. xvii. 108 becomes 
 minister-at-war, II. ix. 107 character 
 of, xi. 12 supports Montmorency on 
 the Spanish question, xii. 25 appoint- 
 ed major-general of the army in Spain, 
 68 returns to Paris, 69 dismissal of, 
 from office, 117 heads the moderate 
 royalists, V. xxix. 39. 
 
 Victor Emmanuel I., king of Sardinia, 
 abdication of, II. viii. 84. 
 
 Victor Emmanuel II., accession of, VIII. 
 Iii. 96 dissolves the Deputies, 99 
 again dissolves the Chamber, 120. 
 
 Victoria, the princess, birth of, II. x. 40 
 visit of, to the King of Prussia, V. 
 xxvii. 74 accession of, VI. xxxvi. 74 
 her speech to the Privy Council, 75 
 extent and prosperity of the empire 
 on the accession of, xxxvii. 1 negotia- 
 tions with Sir Robert Peel for a 
 ministiy, 1839, 134 the question of 
 the ladies of the household, 135 
 her popularity after her acces- 
 sion, xxxviii. 1 her coronation, 2 
 her marriage to Prince Albert, 3 re- 
 flections on it, 4 Oxford's attack on, 
 39 appointment of the Peel ministry, 
 &c., 1841, VII. xli. 14 birth of the 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to 
 
 Prince of Wales, and opening of parlia- 
 ment, 1842, 27 visit of Louis Philippe 
 to, 118 and of the Emperor Nicholas, 
 119 resignation of Sir Robert Peel 
 in 1845, xlii. 44 applies to Lord 
 John Russell, and ultimate return of 
 Peel to power, 45 sends for Lord 
 John Russell on Peel's resignation, 
 xliii. 4 heroism of, on the Chartist 
 outbreak, 1 32 visit of, to Louis Phil- 
 ippe at the Chateau d' Eu, and con- 
 ferences on the Spanish marriages, 
 xlvi. 41 his visit to her at Windsor, 
 ib. holograph letter to Louis Philippe 
 from, on the Spanish marriages, 47. 
 
 Vicszey, general, VIII. lv. 36 capitula- 
 tion of, 83 execution of, 85. 
 Vidal, colonel, revolt and death of, at 
 Valencia, II. vii. 54. 
 
 Vidil, M., election of, for Paris, VIII. 
 lvii. 25. 
 
 Vienna, gains of Russia by treaty of, II. 
 viii. 3 prices of wheat at, 1817 and 
 1819, x. 17 note the sieges of, by the 
 Turks, III. xiii. 34, 35 surrender of 
 Parga by treaty of, xiv. 11 congress 
 of 1834 at, and its measures, V. xxvii. 
 53 reception of the Dukes of Orleans 
 and Nemours at, xxxiii. 63 effects of 
 the revolution at, on the war in Italy, 
 VIII. Iii. 54 effects of the news of 
 the French revolution in, liv. 1 great 
 excitement, 2 tumults, 3, 4 univer- 
 sity of, liberal petition from, 2 Hun- 
 garian deputation at, 9 increased dis- 
 tui'bances in, 22 flight of the emperor, 
 23, 24 fresh revolutionary move- 
 ments, 24 meeting of the Constituent 
 Assembly, 30 return of the emperor, 
 31 commencement of insurrection 
 in, 51 meeting of conspirators, 52 
 their plans, and outbreak, 53 their 
 successes, 54 murder of Latour, 55 
 arsenal stormed, 56 conduct of the 
 Assembly, 57 retirement of emperor, 
 58 . proceedings of military, 59 
 march of Jellachich on, 60, 61 agita- 
 tion in, 62 approach of Windischgratz, 
 63 its bombardment, 65 et seq. ap- 
 proach of the Hungarians, 70 their 
 defeat, 71 its surrender, 73 con- 
 sternation caused by the Hungarian 
 victories, lv. 31. 
 
 Vienne, insurrection at, 1834, V. xxx. 47. 
 
 Vieuville, count de, created a peer, III. 
 xvi. 69. 
 
 Vigliano, check of the Sardinians at, 
 VIII. Iii. 74. 
 
 Vigniere, Francois de la, VIII. 1. 96. 
 
 Vignute, M., V. xxxiii. 21. 
 
 Vigo, defeat of, in insurrectionary 
 attempt of 1830, IV. xxiv. 68. 
 
 the Paragraph. U
 
 306 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Vigo, revolt at, II. vii. 69. 
 
 Vigodet, general, illegal attempt of the 
 king to supersede, II. vii. 90. 
 
 Vilagos, capitulation of the Hungarians 
 at, VIII. lv. 82. 
 
 Villa Campa, revolutionary force under, 
 II. xii. 79. 
 
 Villa Franca, general, proceedings of, at 
 Barcelona, II. vii. 73. 
 
 Villa Franca, royalist insurrection at, 
 II. xii. 98. 
 
 Villa Viciosa, capture of, by the Portu- 
 guese Absolutists, IV. xxi. 50. 
 
 Village settlements of Russia, the, II. 
 viii. 29. 
 
 Village system, the, in Turkey, III. xiii. 
 30 where established in India, and 
 its results, VI. xxxix. 16. 
 
 Villareal, advance of the French to, II. 
 xii. 73. 
 
 Ville de Paris, trial regarding the, in 
 France, VI. xxxiv. 14. 
 
 Villele, M. de, character of, I. iii. 57 
 new law of elections proposed by, 110, 
 112 et seq. his new electoral law 
 thrown out, 128 a royalist leader in 
 the Deputies of 1816, vi. 9 argu- 
 ments of, against the new law of 
 elections, 14 arguments of, against 
 the new laws regarding personal free- 
 dom and the liberty of the press, 21 
 on the loan of 1817, 31 arguments 
 of, for a proprietary clergy, 33 argu- 
 ments of, against the new law of re- 
 cruiting, 51 policy advocated by, in 
 1818, 77 against the change in the 
 financial year, 95 votes for, as pre- 
 sident of the Deputies in 1819, II. 
 ix. 26 arguments of, for the new 
 electoral law, 63 proposed union 
 of, with the Richelieu ministry, 87 
 becomes a member of the Richelieu 
 ministry, 97 municipal law proposed 
 by, 99 on the consumption, &c. of 
 grain in France, 101 resignation of, 
 106 formation of new ministry by, 
 107 reflections on the accession of 
 his ministry, 108 sketch of the 
 career of, x. 10 note his character, 
 10 his peculiar turn of mind and 
 course of policy, 11 first difficulties 
 of his ministry regarding the press, 
 xi. 13 views of, at the Congress of 
 Verona, xii. 13 instructions to the 
 representatives at Verona regarding 
 Spain, 18 secret instructions of 
 Metternich to, on the Spanish question, 
 20 views of, on the results of the 
 congress, and the chances of a Spanish 
 war, 23 secret correspondence of, 
 with the ambassador at Madrid, 24 
 to the ambassador at Mulrid 
 
 on the Spanish question, 24 note 
 opposes Montmorency on it, 25 loan 
 contracted by, 1824, 108 dissolves 
 the Chamber, ib. arguments of, for 
 the law of septenniality, 111 dis- 
 misses Chateaubriand and Marshal 
 Victor, 117 influence of, with the 
 king, 120 supports the indemnity 
 to the emigrants, III. xvi. 17 mea- 
 sures of, for reducing the debt, 35 
 efforts of, to secure recognition of the 
 South American republics, 41 mea- 
 sures for indemnity to St Domingo 
 sufferers, 42 opposes the re-establish- 
 ment of the censorship, 57 unpopu- 
 larity of, 62 attack by Benjamin 
 Constaut on, 67 dissensions be- 
 tween, and the Jesuit leaders, 72 fall 
 of his ministry, 73 causes, &c. of 
 his fall, 74. 
 
 Villemain, M. de, new electoral law 
 agreed to by, 1819, II. ix. 28 opposes 
 the re-establishment of the censorship, 
 and dismissed from office, III. xvi. 59 
 one of the Doctrinaires, xvii. 9 at 
 the meeting at Perier's, 67 note, 74 
 note- course counselled by, 74 the 
 works of, xviii. 56 a leader of the 
 liberals in the Peers, VI. xxxiv. 2 
 minister of public instruction under 
 Soult, 1839, 38 his character, 39 
 speech of, on the Eastern question, 
 1839, 51 minister of public instruc- 
 tion under Soult, 1840, 102 note- 
 motion by, on the law of copyright, 
 VII. xliv. 57 bill regarding educa- 
 tion brought in by, and his retirement, 
 xlvi. 5. 
 
 Villiers, Mr, as the leader in parliament 
 of the anti-corn-law movement, VI. 
 xxxvii. 72 again moves against the 
 corn laws, xxxviii. 37 majority 
 against his corn-law motion, 1845, 
 
 VII. xlii. 35 arguments of, in favour 
 of free trade, VIII. lvi. 26 et seq. 
 
 Villiers, defeat of the Spaniards at, II. 
 xii. 77. 
 
 Vimeroux, landing of Louis Napoleon 
 at, VI. xxxiv. 81. 
 
 Vincennes, imprisonment of Prince 
 Polignacat, III. xvii. 1 committal of 
 the ex-ministers of Charles X. to, IV. 
 xxiv. 60 imprisonment of the ex- 
 ministers of Charles X. in, xxv. 4 
 attack on castle of, 5 removal of the 
 ex-ministers after condemnation to, 
 13 proposed reform banquet at, VII. 
 xliv. 31 attempt of the mob on, 1848, 
 
 VIII. 1. 7. 
 
 Vindicire Gallicre, the, I. iv. 52. 
 Vinegar, reduction of duties on, VII. 
 xii. 105. 
 
 The Ln.rje Roman numerals refer to (he Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 307 
 
 Vine-growers, the French, depressed 
 state of, 1831, V. xxix. 2. 
 
 Vinuesa, murder of, II. xi. 33. 
 
 Violence, employment of, during strikes, 
 and means of preventing it, VI. xxxvii. 
 61. 
 
 Virginia, statistics of banks in, VI. 
 xxxvii. 7 note. 
 
 Visigoths, the, in Spain, II. vii. 1 na- 
 tional character of, 9. 
 
 Visnadello, repulse of the Italians at, 
 VIII. lii. 45. 
 
 Vistula, passage of the, by Paskiewitch, 
 
 IV. xxvi. 84. 
 
 Vitrolles, M. de, section in the Chamber 
 headed by, I. iii. 56 a member of the 
 Camarilla, III. xvi. 5 warns against 
 the coup d'etat, xvii. 59 mission of, 
 to the king, 80 abortive attempt of, 
 to negotiate, 86. 
 
 Vitry, cholera unknown in, V. xxix. 32 
 note. 
 
 Vittoria, entrance of the French into, 
 II. xii. 73. 
 
 Vivian, Sir H., on the state of Ireland, 
 
 V. xxxi. 36 commander-in-chief for 
 Ireland, 1835, VI. xxxv. 16 note. 
 
 Vivian, Sir Richard, supports Peel 
 against the reform bill, IV. xxiii. 54 
 arguments of, against the reform 
 bill, 47 on the proposed dissolution, 
 64 thrown out for Cornwall, 1831, 
 68 returned for Bristol, 1833, V. 
 xxxi. 26. 
 
 Vivien, M., minister of justice under 
 Thiers, VI. xxxiv. 73 note a candi- 
 date for the vice-presidentship, VIII. 
 lvii. 4. 
 
 Vixen, affair of the, VI. xxxvi. 70 its 
 capture by the Russians, 71 proceed- 
 ings in parliament on it, 72. 
 
 Vizille, reception of Lafayette at, III. 
 xvii. 7. 
 
 Vladi-Caucase, pass of, III. xiii. 61, 70. 
 
 Vladimaruko, Theodore, begins the re- 
 volt in Wallachia, III. xiv. 15 treach- 
 ery and death of, 30. 
 
 Voghera, occupation of, by the Aus- 
 trians, II. viii. 86. 
 
 Vogt, M., defence of the Frankfort in- 
 surgents by, VIII. liii. 68. 
 
 Voirhaye, M., and Louis Philippe, IV. 
 xxv. 56. 
 
 Voisin de Gartempe, M., III. xvii. 67 
 note. 
 
 Volage, the, combat between, and Chinese 
 junks, VIII. xlviii. 25. 
 
 Volhynia, acquisition of, by Russia, IV. 
 xxvi. 6 originally a province of 
 Poland, 7 demands of the Poles re- 
 garding, 27 statistics of, 44 invasion 
 of, by Dwernicki, and his defeat, 69 
 insurrection in, 70 expedition of 
 Chrzanowski into, and its defeat, 72. 
 
 Volkonsky, prince, during the last illness 
 of Alexander, II. viii. 106. 
 
 Volkonsky, Prince Serge, condemned to 
 Siberia, II. viii. 137. 
 
 Volkonsky, the princess, accompanies 
 her husband to Siberia, II. viii. 141. 
 
 Volta, check of the Austrians at, VIII. 
 lii. 72. 
 
 Voltaire, prohibition of the works of, in 
 Spain, II. vii. 45 the dramas of, V. 
 xxviii. 2. 
 
 Voluntary enlistment, results of, in the 
 British army, VII. xliii. 25. 
 
 Voluntary relief, insufficiency of, in 
 Scotland, VII. xlii. 28 small amount 
 of, during the famine in Ireland, xliii. 
 49. 
 
 Voluntaryism, inefficiency of, for educa- 
 tion, II. x. 58. 
 
 Von Hammer, the works of, V. xxviii. 
 46. 
 
 Von Ronselaer, leader of the American 
 sympathisers, VI. xxxvii. 92. 
 
 Von Schoultz, an American sympathiser, 
 execution of, VI. xxxvii. 108. 
 
 Vor-Parliament, meeting, &c. of the, at 
 Frankfort, VIII. liii. 32. 
 
 Voters, multiplication of, in Ireland, IV. 
 xx. 9, xxi. 112 proposed qualifica- 
 tion of, xxiii. 43 class from which 
 majority taken under the reform bill, 
 136 number of, in the United States, 
 VI. xxxvii. 12 diminished number 
 of, in Ireland, VIII. lvi. 62. 
 
 Vourtroi, surrender of, to the Greek 
 senate, III. xiv. 101. 
 
 Vraie Re'publique, treasonable language 
 of the, VIII. lvii. 16. 
 
 w 
 
 Waag, the, defeat of Georgey on, VIIT. Wade, colonel, passage of the Kyber by 
 
 lv. 53 operations on, 55. forces under, VI. xl. 65 created a 
 
 AVachter, general, defeat of Turks by, knight, 75 his arrival at Cabul, 76. 
 
 III. xv. 118. Wages, reduced value of, by the cur- 
 
 Waddington, major, at Emaun-Ghur, rency bill of 1819, I. i. 6 fall of, in 
 
 VIII. xlix. 11. 1819, II. x. 34 note rates of, in Paris 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 308 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Wages, continued. 
 
 and London, III. xvii. 132 common 
 rate of, in Ireland, IV. xx. 1 effects 
 of over-population on, in Ireland, 4 
 lowness of, 1829, xxii. 16 effect of 
 the contraction of the currency on, 
 xxiii. 130 measures of employers for 
 reducing, 1 50 fall of, in France, after 
 the Revolution, V. xxix. 2 attempt to 
 fix tariff of, at Lyons, 8 low rates of, 
 1833, xxxi. 56 proposed mode of 
 fixing, in the West Indies, 93 the 
 system of making up, under old poor- 
 law, 145 low rates of, in Great 
 Britain, 1839, VI. xxxvii. 39 fall in 
 rates of, 1839, &c, 45 compared with 
 price of wheat, 1800-42, 46 note rates 
 of, in the West Indies, 123 low rates 
 of, in Hindostan, xxxix. 7 low rates 
 of, in England, 1841, VII. xli. 16 rise 
 of, during railway mania, xlii. 8 
 anticipated reduction of, by repeal of 
 the com laws, 61, 63 necessity for 
 reduction of, and corn-law repeal 
 sought as a means of this, 89 rise of, 
 occasioned by railways in England, 
 xliii. 53, 55 alleged influence of the 
 proposed factory bill on, 89 rates of, 
 in rich and poor states, 156 effects 
 of inadequate currency on, in France, 
 xliv. 19 growing importance of ques- 
 tion of, in France, 33 debate in the 
 Chamber, and speech of Arago on 
 it, ib. et seq. effects of the conscrip- 
 tion on, in France, 40 attempt to fix 
 tariff of, at Rouen, 1848, VIII. 1. 62 
 rise of, 1849, &c, lvi. 19 effects of 
 the gold discoveries on, 74. 
 
 Wagram, Pelet's account of battle of, 
 
 III. xviii. 47. 
 
 Waithman, Mr, on the effects of the 
 monetary system on manufactures, 
 
 IV. xxi. 12. 
 
 Waitzen, fortress of, VIII. lv. 4 retreat 
 of Georgey toward, 8 storming of, by 
 the Hungarians, 30 battle of, 6 'J. 
 
 Wakefield prison, prisoners in, compared 
 with price of wheat, 1800-42, VI. 
 xxxvii. 46 note. 
 
 Wakley, Mr, inquest by, on caso of death 
 from flogging in the army, VII. xliii. 
 22. 
 
 Waldcck, Herr, VIII. liii. .54. 
 
 Waldeck, representation of, in the Diet, 
 
 V. xxvii. 4 note population and mili- 
 tary contingent, 5 note accepts the 
 Germanic constitution of 1848, VIII. 
 liii. 77. 
 
 Waldemar, prince, at Ferozeshah, VIII. 
 
 xlix. 70. 
 Wales, prince of. birth, &c. of, VII. xli. 
 
 27. 
 
 Wales, the Rebecca riots in, VII. xli. 82 
 et seq. 
 
 Walewski, count, secret negotiations of, 
 with France and England regarding 
 Poland, IV. xxvi. 29, 30 a member 
 of the National Assembly, VIII. 1. 
 71. 
 
 Walhalla, architecture of the, V. xxviii. 
 79. 
 
 Walker, major, death of, before Rangoon, 
 VI. xxxix. 63. 
 
 Wallace, colonel, at Ferozeshah, VIII. 
 xlix. 68. 
 
 Wallace, Mr, the views of, on population, 
 I. v. 34 motion on free trade by, II. 
 x. 56 acts relating to commerce and 
 navigation introduced by, 1822, 151 
 picture by, of the state of the country, 
 1815 to 1823, III. xix. 9 retires from 
 board of trade, 17 his five free-trade 
 bills, 22 and post-office reform, VI. 
 xxxviii. 18. 
 
 Wallachia, the Hospodar of, a rumoured 
 member of the fletairia, III. xiv. 5 
 exports of grain from, xiii. 21 ob- 
 stacles presented to an invading army 
 by, 53 affairs of, 74 state of, in 
 1821, xiv. 13 commencement of the 
 insurrection in, 15 suppression of 
 insurrection in, 29 et seq. nego- 
 tiations regai'ding, in 1823, 82 de- 
 mands of Russia regarding, xv. 15 
 pro visions of convention regarding, 17 
 terms of treaty of Adrianople re- 
 garding, 137, 138 proposed cession of, 
 to Russia, VII. xli. 120. 
 
 Wallachians, race of the, III. xiii. 7 
 settlements of, in Austria, VIII. liii. 3 
 numbers of, ib. note opposed to 
 the Magyars, liv. 46. 
 
 Wallenstein, Schiller's, V. xxviii. 19, 
 20. 
 
 Wallerstein, the prince of, VIII. liii. 
 26. 
 
 Wallingford, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Walmoden, count, invasion of Naples 
 by, in 1820, II. viii. 78, 79. 
 
 Walpole, captain, defeat of Saldanha's 
 expedition by, IV. xxii. 15. 
 
 Walpole, Mr, home secretary, 1S52, 
 VIII. lvi. 64 note. 
 
 Walsall, member given to, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Walter, Mr, arguments of, againtt the 
 new poor-law, V. xxxi. 151 motion 
 by, on tho new poor-law, 1839, VI. 
 xxxvii. 49. 
 
 Wandering Jew, Eugene Sue's, III. xviii. 
 72. 
 
 Want of confidence, vote of, 1841, VI. 
 xxxviii. 54. 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 309 
 
 Wanthin, general, made prisoner by the 
 revolutionists at Brussels, IV. xxiv. 
 72. 
 
 War, effects of, on revolution, I. i. 3 
 position of Great Britain at the close of 
 the, ii. 1 monuments voted by parlia- 
 ment in remembrance ofthe,61etseq. 
 impulse given to literature and science 
 by the, v. 1 way in which it does 
 so, 2 internal, effect of, on the Span- 
 ish character, II. vii. 11 the progress 
 of Russia during, viii. 2 influence of 
 the high prices during the, in securing 
 unity of interest, IV. xxii. 3 effects 
 of the, in raising a new class in Great 
 Britain, xxiii. 127 great efforts of 
 Germany during the, V. xxvii. 1 of 
 liberation, characteristics of the, in 
 Germany, 13 influence of, in retard- 
 ing German literature, xxviii. 5 price, 
 &c. of sugar during the, xxxi. 102 
 prosperity of England with a paper 
 currency during the, VI. xxxv. 10 
 necessity for corporal punishment 
 during, VII. xliii. 26 passion for, in 
 France, xliv. 21 importance of Al- 
 geria as a school for, xlv. 9. 
 
 War malt-tax, remission of the, I. ii. 
 23. 
 
 Wars, character of, in the West and 
 East, III. xiii. 1 those between 
 them, 3 recent, in Europe all against 
 Mahommedans, xv. 1 of the revolu- 
 tion, Jomini's account of the, xviii. 45 
 great, between Europe and Asia, IV. 
 xxvi. 1 causes of these, 2 private, 
 stoppage of, under the East India 
 Company, V. xxxi. 70. 
 
 Warburton, Elliot, the works of, I. v. 
 86. 
 
 Ward, Mr, motion by, on the Irish 
 church, V. xxxi. 128 the movement 
 party resolve to push forward his mo- 
 tion, 133 motion by, on the Irish 
 tithe bill, 1838, VI. xxxvi. 67 resolu- 
 tions regarding colonisation moved by, 
 xxxviii. 9 during the debate on these, 
 10 motion by, 1815, on the landed 
 interest, VII. xlii. 35. 
 
 Wareham, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 
 note. 
 Waringers at Constantinople, Oehlen- 
 schlager's, V. xxviii. 24. 
 
 Warlike spirit, diminution of the, in 
 Great Britain, I. i. 27. 
 
 Warner, Mr, submission of, to the 
 Chinese, VIII. xlviii. 24. 
 
 Warren, ensign, defence of Commissariat 
 
 Fort at Cabul by, VI. xl. 105. 
 Warren, S. the novels of, I. v. 78. 
 Warrender, Sir George, vote of, on the 
 address, 1830, IV. xxii. 25. 
 
 Warrington, member given to, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note election of 1835 in, VI. xxxv. 
 19. 
 
 Warsaw, the grand-duchy of, the acquisi- 
 tion of, by Russia, II. viii. 3 statistics 
 of it, 4 constituted the kingdom of 
 Poland, 5 progress of, under the rule 
 of Russia, 9 population of, 20 note 
 visit of Alexander to, 1818, 62 et seq. 
 excitement in Paris on the fall of, 
 IV. xxv. 86 grand-duchy of, acquisi- 
 tion of, by Russia, xxvi. 6 outbreak 
 of the insurrection in, 16 its rapid 
 spread, and retreat of Constantino 
 from, 17 formation of provisional 
 government at, 18 the Polish troops 
 sent back by Constantine to, 20 en- 
 thusiasm on their arrival, 21 the 
 national guard of, 25 patriotic sub- 
 scription in, 32 preparations for for- 
 tifying, ib. population of, 1831, 42 
 retreat of the Poles into, 51, 52 
 intrenchments for defence of, 58 
 defeat of the Russians before, 61 et 
 seq. depression in, after the battle of 
 Ostrolcuka, 79 preparations for final 
 struggle at, 83- excitement against 
 Skrzynecki in, 85 massacres in, 86 
 assault of, 89 its fall, 91 losses of 
 the Russians before, 93. 
 
 Warsaw conference, the, on affairs of 
 Germany, VIII. liii. 92. 
 
 Warwickshire, additional members for, 
 
 IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 War-songs, Korner's, influence of, V. 
 xxviii. 32. 
 
 Washington, the French ambassador re- 
 called from, V. xxxiii. 15. 
 
 Wasp, the, at Acre, V. xxxii. 72. 
 
 Wassind, railway from Bombay to, VIII. 
 xlix. 113 note. 
 
 Waste lands, large purchases of, in the 
 United States through the paper cur- 
 rency, VI. xxxvii. 8 sales of, in the 
 United States, xxxviii. 10. 
 
 Water, joint-stock companies for, 1825, 
 III. xix. 66 note sufferings from want 
 of, during Affghanistan expedition, VI. 
 xl. 63. 
 
 Waterford, bill abolishing bishopric of, 
 
 V. xxxi. 45 note increase of, since 
 the Union, 124 note proposed muni- 
 cipal reform of, VI. xxxvi. 33. 
 
 Water Kloof fastnesses, operations in 
 the, VIII. lvi. 49, 50. 
 
 Waterloo, monument voted for battle 
 of, I. ii. 61 campaign, vote of thanks 
 for the, 63 difficulties of the French 
 government after, iii. 1 Murat on, 
 99 Bourmont's treason before, III. 
 xvii. 4. 
 
 Waterloo Bridge, London, I. v. 87 pre- 
 
 thc Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic to the Paragraph.
 
 310 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Waterloo Bridge, London, continued. 
 parations against the Chartists at, VII. 
 xliii. 132. 
 
 Watson, the leader of the Spafield riots, 
 I. ii. 67 trial and acquittal of, iv. 21 
 Thistle-wood implicated in the con- 
 spiracy of, II. x. 44. 
 
 Waverley, remarks on, I. v. 10. 
 
 Waverley Novels, the, I. v. 7. 
 
 Wealth, undue influence of, in the later 
 stages of society, and effects of it, I. 
 i. 31 effects of the increase of, in 
 England, in stimulating the desire for 
 reform, IV. xxii. 2 influence of 
 its growth during the war, xxiii. 127 
 the reform bill an effect of the 
 growth of, 128 universal passion for, 
 during railway mania, VII. xlii. 3, 4 
 effect of growth of, in raising prices, 
 VIII. lvii. 60. 
 
 Weavers, depressed condition of the, 
 1829, IV. xxii. 16 wages of, 1839, VI. 
 xxxvii. 45 low wages of, in England, 
 1841, VII. xli. 16. 
 
 Webster, Mr, views of, on the bank 
 question, VI. xxxvii. 19, 22 on the 
 Oregon territory, VII. xli. 95. 
 
 Weber, general, suppression of the re- 
 volt in Baden by, VIII. liii. 83. 
 
 Weekly Journal, appearance of Malagrow- 
 ther's Letters in the, IV. xxi. 25. 
 
 Weights and measures, act for uniformity 
 of, IV. xx. 31. 
 
 Weir, lieutenant, murder of, by the 
 Canadian insurgents, VI. xxxvii. 
 81. 
 
 Weisskirchen, battle of, VIII. Iv. 69. 
 
 Welcher, M., VIII. liii. 33 speech of, 
 at the Heidelberg meeting, 31. 
 
 Weld, E. Esq., first husband of Mrs 
 Fitzherbert, VI. xxxvi. 77. 
 
 Weldon, general, successes of, in the 
 Tyrol, VIII. lii. 35 occupies Rivoli, 
 38 defeats the Free Coi'ps, 39 oper- 
 ations of, in the Tyrol, 59 reinforce- 
 ments to Radetsky f rom, 61 occupies 
 Ferrara, &c, 77 appointed to com- 
 mand in Hungary, lv. 31 evacuates 
 Pesth, 41. 
 
 Wellesley, the marquess, becomes lord- 
 lieutenant of Ireland, II. x. 115 able 
 and impartial measures of, in Ireland, 
 1822, 120 lord-steward, 1830, IV. 
 xxiii. 6 note one of the commission 
 for giving the royal assent to the re- 
 form bill, 115 principles of his ad- 
 ministration of India, VI. xxxix. 34 
 refuses to expel the Mughs from Ar- 
 racan, 55 treaty with Persia in 1801, 
 xl. 25 opposes the Afghanistan ex- 
 pedition, 54 note anticipations of, 
 as to the Affghanistan campaign, 75 
 
 his preference of the military authori- 
 ties in India, VIII. xlviii. 69. 
 
 Wellesley, Sir Henry, appointed ambas- 
 sador at Vienna, III. xix.-17. 
 
 Wellesley man-of-war, the, sent to China, 
 VIII. xlviii. 26. 
 
 Wellington, the duke of, vote of thanks 
 and grant to, I. ii. 63 efforts of, to 
 arrest the i-oyalist atrocities, iii. 36 
 views of, in the negotiations, 46, 47 
 appointed to command the army of 
 occupation, 48 reflections on his con- 
 nection with Ney's death, 91 efforts 
 of, with regard to the French indemni- 
 ties, vi. 29, 30 efforts of, in 1818, to 
 arrange the indemnities, 59 at Aix-la- 
 Chapelle, 61 withdrawal of the army 
 of occupation under, from France, 71 
 his noble conduct on this occasion, 
 72 attempt at his assassination, 73 
 on the Spanish Cortes and constitu- 
 tion of 1812, II. vii. 23 made master- 
 general of the ordnance and a mem- 
 ber of the Cabinet, x. 24 letter of, 
 on the seditious movements of 1819, 
 33 urges the calling out of the mili- 
 tia in 1820, 54 measures of, against 
 the disaffection of the military, 82 
 negotiation with the queen conducted 
 by, 83 at the trial of the queen, 84 
 at the coronation of George IV., 108 
 sent as representative to the Congress 
 of Verona, xii. 11 proposal at the 
 congress regarding the slave trade, 16 
 note from him regarding South 
 American independence, 17 instruc- 
 tions to, on the Spanish question, 19 
 refuses to concur with the majority 
 on it, 20 his answer to the French 
 questions, 21 and note to the Conti- 
 nental powers, ib. note his views as 
 conveyed to Louis XVIIL, and in- 
 fluence of these, 23 efforts of, to 
 preserve peace between France and 
 Spain, 27 views of, on the Spanish 
 war, 67 sent to St Petersburg to 
 arrange protocol regarding Greece, 
 III. xiv. 144 his measures on the 
 10th April, contrasted with those of 
 the government of Charles X., xvii. 
 108 ministry decline to interfere in 
 Portugal, IV. xxi. 13 resigns on Can- 
 ning's appointment, 64 reception of, 
 on his secession from the Canning 
 ministry, 68 amendment on the corn 
 bill moved by, 79 becomes command- 
 er-in-chief, 91 appointed premier, 
 and his cabinet, 95 resignation of 
 Huskissonand his friends, 96 recon- 
 struction of Cabinet, 97 division in 
 ministry on the Catholic question, 100 
 their difficulties on it, 122 com- 
 
 The Larye Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 311 
 
 mencement of yielding in it, 123 
 mission of Mr Dawson, ib. et seq. 
 letters of Wellington and the lord- 
 lieutenant, and recall of the latter, 1 25 
 their difficulties with the king, 127 
 first yielding of, on the Catholic 
 question, 123 ambiguous letter of, 
 125 resolves on yielding, and diffi- 
 culties with the king, 127 speech of, 
 on the Catholic bill, 148 attack on, 
 by O'Connell, 153 duel between the 
 Earl of Winchelsea and, xxii. 7 reply 
 of, on the national distress, 1830, 23 
 small majority of ministry on the 
 address, 1830, and Tories who voted 
 against them, 25 critical and painful 
 position of, 26 reflections on his 
 speech on the distress of the country, 
 27 defeat of ministry on the navy 
 estimates, 31 reductions in public 
 expenditure by, 1830, 33 on George 
 IV., 47 precarious position of min- 
 istry on the accession of William I V., 
 53 their losses by elections of 1830, 
 57 at the opening of the Manchester 
 and Liverpool Railway, 60 declara- 
 tion of, against reform, 1830, 73 
 effect produced by it, 74 intimates 
 the resignation of the ministry, 79 
 defeat of, on the civil list, and their 
 resignation, ib. reflections on fall of 
 his ministry, xxiii. 1 causes which 
 made the change so decisive, 2 
 origin of these causes, 4 importance 
 of his declaration against reform, 5 
 attack on the house of, 67 attack on, 
 by the Loudon mob, 83 applied to 
 to form a ministry, 108 fails in doing 
 so, 110 withdraws from the House 
 till the bill is passed, 113 error of 
 the Conservatives in throwing out, 
 140 his declaration against reform, 
 141 wisdom of his withdrawal with 
 the majority of the peers, 158 recog- 
 nition of Louis Philippe by, xxiv. 47 
 attack on, in London, V. xxxi. 2 
 protest by, against the modified coer- 
 cion bill, 143 amendment on new 
 poor-law moved by, 152 M'Hale's 
 letter to, 158 applied to to form a 
 ministry, 160 foreign secretary, 1835, 
 VI. xxxv. 16 note on the appoint- 
 ment of Lord Londonderry, 29 mo- 
 tion by, on Irish corporations bill, 
 1837, xxxvi. 58 anxiety of, for com- 
 promise between the two Houses, 66 
 on the rebellion in Canada, xxxvii. 93 
 sent for on the resignation of the 
 Melbourne ministry, 1839, 134 on 
 the household question, 136 at the 
 coronation banquet, xxxviii. 2 mo- 
 tion by, on the allowance to Prince 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Albert, 3 opposes the Affghanistan 
 expedition, xl. 54 note anticipations 
 of, as to the Affghanistan expedition, 
 75 position of, in the Peel ministry, 
 VII. xli. 14 preparations of, against 
 the repeal agitation, 70 on the letter- 
 opening question, xlii. 31 declaration 
 of, on the vote for repeal of the corn 
 laws, 66 reasons of his inconsistency, 
 67 on the state of Ireland, 70 note 
 announces the resignation of the 
 ministry, 83 review of his conduct 
 with regard to corn-law repeal, 92 
 his declarations on the subject, ib. note 
 remains commander-in-chief under 
 Lord John Russell, xliii. 4 note 
 general order regarding Hogging in the 
 army, 23 on the abolition of flogging 
 in the Indian army, and its results, 26 
 note his letter on the national de- 
 fences, 1846, 27 note his measure 
 for enrolling the pensioners, 28 sup- 
 ports the limited-service system, 95 
 and note superintends the prepara- 
 tions against the Chartists, 1848, 132 
 measures of, against the rebellion in 
 Ireland, 138 anecdote of, xliv. 82 
 note on the arrest of Mr Pritchard, 
 xlvii. 2 eulogy on Sir Charles Napier 
 by, VIII. xlix. 29 his opinion of 
 Napier, 56 urges Sir Charles Napier's 
 going to India, 102 commander-in- 
 chief, 1852, lvi. 64 note last speech 
 of, on embodying the militia, 67 and 
 note his death and funeral, 75 et seq. 
 
 Wendover, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Weobly, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 52 
 note. 
 
 Werner, the geologist, I. v. 41. 
 
 Werner, the dramas of, V. xxviii. 28. 
 
 Werter, Goethe's, V. xxviii. 12. 
 
 West, the, wars of revolution in, III. 
 xiii. 1 the wars between it and the 
 East, 3 lasting conquests of the East 
 over it, 4 constant strife between, and 
 the East, IV. xxvi. 1 divisions of, 
 constitute its weakness, 98. 
 
 West India interest, the, former strength 
 of, in parliament, IV. xxiii. 145 sup- 
 port the repeal of the corn laws, VII. 
 xlii. 65. 
 
 West India loan, the interest on the, VI. 
 xxxvi. 50. 
 
 West India proprietors, meeting of, in 
 London against Orders in Council, V. 
 xxxi. 89 proposed compensation 
 to the, 94 resolution of, regarding 
 the emancipation act, 98 grant 
 of 20,000,000 to them, 99 reasons 
 which made them acquiesce in the 
 change, 100, 103. 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 312 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 West India question, debate on the, 
 1830, IV. xxii. 55 state of the, 1833, 
 V. xxxi. 75 sketch of the early settle- 
 ment of the negroes in West Indies, 
 76 necessity which caused this trans- 
 lation of the negroes, 77 benefits it 
 will ultimately effect, 78 it has 
 brought the African to civilisation, 79 
 beneficial effect of fixing the negro 
 on particular estates, 80, 81 their 
 generally prosperous condition, 82 
 what government should have done, 
 83 early necessity of slavery, 84 
 progressive emancipation rejected 
 by the planters, 85 the colonies 
 refuse to act on the resolutions of 
 parliament, 86 forced tranquillity 
 and insurrection in 1832, 87 insur- 
 rection in Jamaica, 88 resistance of 
 the colonists to the Orders in Council, 
 89 feeling in England in favour of 
 immediate emancipation, 90 Mr 
 Stanley's argument for it, 91 result 
 of debate, and parties by whom it was 
 opposed, 97 counter resolution of the 
 West India proprietors, 98 grant of 
 20,000,000 in compensation, 99 
 reasons which made the proprietors 
 acquiesce in the change, 100, 103 
 large and unjust taxes on their pro- 
 duce, 101 ultimate effects of emanci- 
 pation, ] 04 ct scq. 
 
 West Indies, the, effects of the revolu- 
 tion of 1830 on, I. i. 9 rate of 
 exports per head to, II. vii. 6 note 
 exports from England per head 
 to, x. 75 note act regarding the 
 trade with, III. xix. 22 aspect of 
 affairs in, 1825, 60 members proposed 
 to bo given to, IV. xxiii. 75 note 
 the old protective system to, 124 
 ruin of, since the reform bill, 148 - 
 early settlement of the negroes in, V. 
 xxxi. 76 early fixing of the negroes 
 to particular estates in, 80 effects of 
 the abolition of the slave trade in 
 bringing about this, 81 policy which 
 should have been pursued toward, 83 
 their rejection of progressive eman- 
 cipation, 85 refuse to act on the re- 
 solutions of parliament, 86 slave in- 
 surrection of 1831, 87, 88 resistance 
 to the Orders in Council, 89 decline 
 of crops from exhaustion of the soil 
 in, 100 enormous duties on their pro- 
 duce, 101 effects of negro emancipa- 
 tion on, 104 state of, 1835, VI. xxxvi. 
 26 effects of emancipation in, xxxvii. 
 3 disturbed state of, 1 838, and failure 
 of the apprenticeship system, 117 its 
 abolition, 121 reception of tins. 122 
 difficulties consequent on it, 123 
 
 reception of the abolition of the ap- 
 prenticeship system in, 122 refrac- 
 toriness of the Jamaica legislature, 124 
 fatal results of emancipation, 125 
 exports and imports, before and after 
 it, ib. note debate on the Jamaica 
 bill, 128 division on it, 132 
 second bill passed, 137 danger of re- 
 bellion in, xxxviii. 32 exports per 
 head to, xxxix. 9 difficulties regard- 
 ing, 1841, VII. xli. 15 falling off in 
 the production of sugar, 106 estimated 
 supply of sugar from, 1847, xliii. 5 note 
 proposed admission of negro labour- 
 ers into, 8 effects of emancipation on 
 production of sugar, 9 effect of the 
 restrictions on importation of labour- 
 ers, 1 former value of exports to, 1 1 
 effects of the sugar-duties bill on, 
 17 exports to, 1846-55, ib. note 
 imports from, ib. proof of their dis- 
 franchisement by the reform bill, 21 
 . cry from, for repeal of the navigation 
 laws, VIII. lvi. 6. 
 
 Westbury, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Western, Mr, arguments of, on agricul- 
 tural distress, 1816, I. ii. 34 bill for 
 repeal of malt duties brought iu by, 
 II. x. 103 motion by, on the currency, 
 131. 
 
 Western Australia, the settlement of, 
 VI. xxxviii. 11 transportation to, 
 VIII. lvi. 40. 
 
 Western Europe, effects of the alliance 
 of France and England on, I. i. 8 
 character of the wars of, 111. xiii. 1 
 influence of the passion for freedom 
 in, 2. 
 
 Western Isles, the potato disease and 
 famine in the, 1847, VII. xliii. 51 
 subscriptions, &c. for their relief, 
 52. 
 
 Western powers, remonstrances of the, 
 against the treaty of Unkiar-Skelcssi, 
 V. xxxii. 31. 
 
 Wcsthawel, resistance to the revolution 
 in, VIII. liii. 27. 
 
 Wcstmeath, outrages in, 1831, IV. xxiii. 
 99 and 1832, V. xxxi. 20 effects of 
 the coercion act in, 44 note pro- 
 claimed in 1848, VII. xliii. 138. 
 
 Westminster, Iladical meeting at, 1819, 
 II. x. 32 election of 1830 for, IV. 
 xxii. 57- election of Colonel Evans for, 
 
 V. xxxi. 62 the election of 1841 iu, 
 
 VI. xxxviii. 57. 
 
 Westminster Abbey, monuments in, I. ii. 
 62 the coronation of George IV. in, 
 II. x. 106 interment of Canning in, 
 IV. xxi. 86 the coronation of Queen 
 Victoria in, VI. xxxviii. 2. 
 
 The Lavjc Roman numerals refer to (he Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 313 
 
 Westminster Bridge, preparations against 
 the Chartists at, VII. xliii. 132. 
 
 Westminster Review, the, I. v. 43. 
 
 Westmoreland, the earl of, in favour of 
 the bills for enfranchising the English 
 Catholics, IV. xx. 28 resigns on Can- 
 ning's appointment, xxi. 64. 
 
 Wetherall, captain, suppression of the 
 Bristol riots by, IV. xxiii. 89. 
 
 Wetherall, Sir Charles, becomes attorney- 
 general, IV. xxi. 95 attack on Peel 
 by, in 1829, 129 reception of, at 
 Bristol, xxiii. 86. 
 
 Wctherell, colonel, defeat of the Cana- 
 dian insurgents by, VI. xxxvii. 
 82. 
 
 Wexford, tithe outrages in, 1831, IV. 
 xxiii. 99 effects of the coercion act 
 in, V. xxxi. 44 note proclaimed in 
 1848, VII. xliii. 138. 
 
 Whalley, Sir S., arguments of, against the 
 new poor-law, V. xxxi. 151. 
 
 Whampoa, opium smuggling at, VIII. 
 xlviii. 22. 
 
 Wharncliffe, lord, motion by, against a 
 dissolution, 1831, IV. xxiii. 65 nego- 
 tiations with, to support the reform 
 bill, 103 privy seal, VI. xxxv. 16 
 note president of the council, 1841, 
 VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Wheat, reduced produce of, in Great 
 Britain, I. i. 10 prices of, 1812-31, 36 
 note fall in prices of, after the peace, 
 ii. 6 high price of, in 1816, 7 
 importations of, ib. prices of, at vari- 
 ous times, 38 rise in price of, 1817, iv. 
 9 importation of, 181 7, 16 prices of, 
 1817 and 1818, 31 prices of, on the 
 Continent, 1817 and 1819, II. x. 17 note 
 fall in 1818 to 1822, 23 note fall in 
 price of, 1818 to 1822, 128 note the 
 fall in price of, 136 produce of, per 
 acre in France, III. xvii. 128 note 
 price of, in Great Britain in 1822, xix. 
 3 prices of, as compared with cur- 
 rency in England, 6 rise in price of, 
 in England, 1822-5, 7 note imports of, 
 into Great Britain, 1838-53, 47 note 
 prices of, 1824-5, 64 note comparison 
 of, with the potato, IV. xx. 10 prices 
 of, 181 8-32, as compared with currency, 
 &c, xxi. 19 note prices of, on the 
 Continent, 33, 34 prices of, 1817 to 
 1825, 34 note import of, 1800-20, 36 
 note proposed new duties on, 1827, 
 78 average price of, for forty-four 
 years, 1827, 80 price of, compared 
 with currency, 1818-26, 80 note 
 prices of, 1827-9, xxii. 16 note 
 prices of, 1824-32, xxiii. 130 note 
 prices of, 1830 to 1833, V. xxxi. 55 
 note low price of, 1834, 111 im- 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 ports of, 1831-6, 112 and note prico 
 of, comparison of poor rates with, 
 1801-36, 146 note price of, poor 
 rates compared with, 1834-49, 154 
 note importations of, into England, 
 1830-6, VI. xxxv. 12 note fall 
 in prices of, 1832 to 1835, 14 
 the crops of, in Great Britain, 1832 
 to 1841, xxxvii. 35 rise in price 
 of, in Great Britain, 1839, 7 prices 
 of, 1840, 38 large imports of, ib. 
 fall of price of, 1782-1837, 46 note- 
 prices of, compared with wages, 
 1800-42, 46 note rise in, Great Britain, 
 
 1841, VII. xli. 16 importations of, 
 
 1842, 17 price of, 1842, 28 com- 
 parative consumption of, in England 
 and Prussia, 31 proposed sliding 
 scale of duties on, 34 average price 
 of, at Dantzic, 36 fall in price of, 
 
 1843, 76 diminished imports, ib. 
 prices and importations of, 1841-5, 76 
 note small imports of, 1845, xlii. 1 
 1842 to 1845, ib. note fall in im- 
 ports of, 1845, &c, 13 importation 
 and price of, 1845, 33 fall in, 1841 to 
 1845, 35 note comparative produc- 
 tiveness of, and of the potato, 37 
 rise in price of, 1845, 40 proposed 
 intermediate duties on, 49 and note 
 decline in price of, beginning of 1846, 
 56 effect of the sliding scale on prices 
 of, 60 diminished produce of, in 
 Ireland since free trade, 91 export 
 from Ireland, 1845-9, ib. note repeal 
 of all duties on, during the Irish 
 famine, xliii. 39 price of, 1847,41 
 prices and imports of, 1845 to 1856, 
 48 note importations of, 1843-50, and 
 their effects in bringing on the 
 monetary crisis of 1847, 72 and note 
 rise in, 1847, 75 large importations 
 and fall in price of, 1847, 100 prices 
 of, 1845 to 1851, 115 note great fall 
 in price of, 1847, 1 17 imports of, into 
 France, 158 diminished produce of, 
 since free trade, 160 in Ireland, 1849 
 to 1853, ib. note prices of, 1845 to 
 1854, ib. imports of, Great Britain, 
 1851-6, 165 note prices of, 1852 to 
 1857, VIII. lvi. 74 note. 
 
 Wheaten bread, comparative consumption 
 
 of, in France and England, III. xvii. 
 
 126. 
 Wheeler, brigadier, VIII. xlix. 77 at 
 
 Aliwal, 78 establishment of Gholab 
 
 Singh by, 91. 
 Wheelton, sheriff, and the privilege of 
 
 parliament, VI. xxxviii. 21 committal 
 
 of, 22. 
 Whigs, the, support the resumption of 
 
 cash payments, II. x. 14 measures of, 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 314 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Whigs, the, continued. 
 to embarrass the government, IV. xii. 
 31 oppose the bill for repressing the 
 Catholic Association, xx. 33 views 
 of, on the currency, and the distress 
 of 1825, xxi. 4 support the dis- 
 franchisement of East Retford, &c, 83 
 support the bill for disfranchising 
 the forty-shilling freeholders, 151 
 increasing hostility of, to the Welling- 
 ton ministry, xxii. 26 oppose the 
 proposed reduction of the army and 
 navy, 29 generally disinclined to re- 
 form, 42 feelings, &c. of, toward 
 George IV., 46 conduct of, on the 
 accession of William IV., 53 their 
 encomiums on him, 54 objects of, in 
 desiring reform, 74 power given to, 
 by the reform bill, V. xxxi. 3 danger 
 of, from the Radicals and Catholics, 
 26 split between, and the Radicals 
 on the Irish coercion bill, 42 
 O'Connell's denunciations of, 157 
 exasperation of, at Peel's not resigning 
 after being defeated on the address, 
 VI. xxxv. 25 attack on Peel on the 
 Irish church question, 31 creations of 
 peers by, xxxvi. 25 charges of in- 
 competence brought against, xxxviii. 
 33 reaction against, 1841, 56 their 
 losses by the elections, 57 reflections 
 on the fall of, 59 their entire change 
 of policy, ib. it owing to the reform 
 bill, 60 Elphinstone, Macnaghten, 
 &c. appointed under, xl. 143 their 
 early abuse of Peel, xli. 1 declaration 
 of O'Connell against, 65 accession of, 
 to Anti-corn-law League, xlii. 40 
 coercion bills for Ireland brought in 
 by the. 71. Sec also Liberals. 
 
 Whig aristocracy, the, head the English 
 movement, V. xxxi. 5. 
 
 Whig houses, influence in society of the, 
 I. v. 111. 
 
 Whig ministry, moderation of, after the 
 passing of the reform bill, and its 
 effects, V. xxxi. 7. 
 
 Whig party, its destruction the work of 
 its own leaders, VII. xliii. 2 entire 
 breaking up of, 98. 
 
 Whig peers, jealousy of Canning among 
 the, IV. xxi. 65. 
 
 Whipping, abolition of, in the case of 
 women, I. iv. 25. 
 
 W Irish, general, besieges Mooltan, VI II. 
 xlix. 95 raises the siege, 96 resumes 
 siege of Mooltan, 108 storming of it, 
 109. 
 
 Whitbread, Mr, on the grant to the 
 Duke of Wellington, I. ii. 63. 
 
 Whitchurch, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 The La 
 
 White, lieut., during the retreat from 
 
 Cabul, VI. xl. 129. 
 White, a private, death of, from flogging, 
 
 and' discussion on it, VII. xliii. 22 
 
 et seq. 
 White, brigadier, at Moodkee, VIII. 
 
 xlix. 63, 64 at Chillianwallah, 100, 
 
 101. 
 White Russia, statistics of, IV. xxvi. 44. 
 Whites, relative increase of, and blacks, 
 
 in America, V. xxxi. 80 and note. 
 Whiteboys, suppression of the, aimed at 
 
 by the Catholic Association, IV. xx. 
 
 27. 
 Whitefeet, Dr Doyle on the, V. xxxi. 35. 
 Whitehaven, member given to, IV. xxiii. 
 
 42 note. 
 Whiteside, Mr, defence of Smith O'Brien, 
 
 &c. by, VI. xliii. 140. 
 Whitlie, captain, VIII. xlix. 27. 
 Whitmore, Mr, motion by, for repeal of 
 
 the corn laws, IV. xxi. 33 his argu- 
 ments for it, 34. 
 Wilna, general, at Kapolna, VIII. Iv. 
 
 16. 
 Wicleiza, salt mines of, assigned in 1815 
 
 to Austria, II. viii. 5. 
 Wicklow, effects of the coercion act in, 
 
 V. xxxi. 44 note. 
 
 Wicklow, lord, motion by, on Irish 
 church, V. xxxi. 134. 
 
 Widdin, population of, III. xiii. 32 
 note the fortress of, 54 the pacha 
 of, operations of, against Ipsilanti, 
 xiv. 32 operations of, in Greece, 
 113 xv. 47 operations and successes 
 of pacha of, 63 his treachery, 111. 
 
 Widel, general, VIII. liii. 49. 
 
 Widows, burning of, abolished in India, 
 
 VI. xl. 9. 
 
 Wieland, the works of, V. xxviii. 8 his 
 defects and excellencies, 9 the novels 
 of, 57. 
 
 Wieluzka, capture of, by the Austrians, 
 
 VII. xlvi. 24. 
 Wiener-Neustadt, railway between, and 
 
 Neukirchen, V. xxvii. 67. 
 Wiesbaden, concessions of government 
 
 of, 1848, VIII. liii. 21. 
 Wigan, reform riots at, 1831, IV. xxiii. 
 
 67 rates of mortality in, 1841, VII. 
 
 xli. 17 note. 
 Wild Huntsman, Burger's, V. xxviii. 
 
 34. 
 Wilhelm Meister, Goethe's, V. xxviii. 
 
 12, 16. 
 Wilkie, the paintings of, I. v. 94. 
 Wilkinson, brigadier, at Jugdulluck, 
 
 VIII. xlviii. 88 at Sobraon, xlix. 82, 
 83. 
 
 William IV., accession of, and his cha- 
 racter, IV. xxii. 50 his failings, 51 
 
 rge Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 315 
 
 his personal character and queen, 52 
 precarious position of ministers 
 after his accession, 53 prorogation of 
 parliament by, 56 speech of, on 
 opening parliament, 71 postpone- 
 ment of his visit to London, 76 
 effect produced by it, 77 calls Earl 
 Grey to form a ministry, and diffi- 
 culties regarding Brougham, xxiii. 6 
 alarm of,'at the reform excitement, 
 59 settlement on him, 60 efforts of 
 the ministry to win him by his vanity, 
 61 means by which he was induced 
 to dissolve parliament, 62 his resist- 
 ance at last overcome, 63 scene at 
 the dissolution, 64, 65 speech of, on 
 opening parliament, 1831, 72 mea- 
 sures of, on the rejection of the bill 
 by the Lords, 82 urges the suppres- 
 sion of the political unions, 92 de- 
 termination of, against a creation of 
 peers, 101 at last consents to it, 102 
 refuses authority to create peers, 
 and resignation of ministers, 107 
 sends for Wellington, 108 insults of 
 the populace to, 109 grants permis- 
 sion for creation of peers, and return 
 of the Grey ministry, 112 his circu- 
 lar to the opposition peers to leave 
 the House, 113 refuses to give the 
 royal assent in person to the bill, 
 115 reception of the ambassador 
 from Louis Philippe, xxiv. 47 -attack 
 on, at Ascot races, V. xxxi. 2 speech 
 of, on proroguing parliament, 1832, 
 23 opening of the first reformed 
 parliament, 27 closing of session 
 of 1833 by, 110 answer of, to address 
 on repeal of union, 125 declaration 
 of, on the Irish church, 131 speech 
 of, on proroguing parliament, 155 
 dismisses the Melbourne ministry, 
 and sends for Wellington to form a 
 ministry, 160 answer of, to the ad- 
 dress, 1835, VI. xxxv. 24 creation of 
 peers during reign of, xxxvi. 25 note 
 and the affair of theVixen, 71 death of, 
 73 the character of, 78 complaints 
 against him by the Conservatives, 79. 
 
 William, King of Holland, refuses to sur- 
 render Antwerp, V. xxix. 86 military 
 preparations of, 89 siege of Antwerp, 
 90 its surrender, 92 reasons for de- 
 siring peace, 95 treaty with Belgium, 
 96. 
 
 William, Prince of Prussia, V. xxvii. 
 45 declaration of, regarding the 
 French Revolution, IV. xxiv. 82. 
 
 William, Prince of Brunswick, IV. xxiv. 
 85. 
 
 Williams, general, appointed to succeed 
 Nott, VI. xl. 95. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the Arabic 
 
 Williams, the paintings of, I. v. 91. 
 
 Williams, Mr, his defence of the queen, 
 II. x. 87. 
 
 Williams, one of the leaders of the New- 
 port Chartists, VI. xxxvii. 68 his 
 trial and sentence, 69. 
 
 Williams, J., trial and sentence of, VII. 
 xliii. 137. 
 
 Willisen, general, VIII. liii. 98 defeated 
 
 at Idstedt, 93 et seq further defeats 
 
 of, 102. 
 
 Willshire, general, capture of Khelat by, 
 VI. xl. 79. 
 
 Wilna, population of, II. viii. 20 note 
 establishment of university at, 65 
 advance of the Poles to, IV. xxvi. 80 
 battle of, 81. 
 
 Wilson, professor, the writings of, I. v. 
 50 at the anti-reform meeting in 
 Edinburgh, IV. xxiii. 71. 
 
 Wilson, brigadier, at Aliwal, VIII. xlix. 
 78. 
 
 Wilson, Sir Robert, aids in the escape of 
 Lavalette, I. iii. 95 his trial, 96 his 
 defence, ib. note dismissal of, from 
 the army, II. x. 112 his subsequent 
 restoration, ib. note landing of, in 
 Galicia, xii. 83 at Cadiz, 88 gover- 
 nor of Gibraltar, VII. xlv. 37. 
 
 Wilton, partially disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Wilton, lord, lord - steward, 1835, VI. 
 xxxv. 16 note. 
 
 Wilts, disturbances in, 1830, IV. xxii. 
 70 additional members for, xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Winchelsea, the earl of, at the meeting 
 on Penenden Heath, IV. xxi. 120 
 duel between Wellington and, xxii. 7 
 declaration of, on reform, 75 again 
 joins Peel against the reform bill, 
 xxiii. 54. 
 
 Winchelsea, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Winchester, marquess of, groom of the 
 stole, 1830, IV. xxiii. 6 note groom 
 of the stole, 1835, VI. xxxv. 16 note. 
 
 Winchester, diocese, statistics of church 
 accommodation in, I. iv. 44 note. 
 
 Windischgratz, prince, the execution of 
 Blum by, VIII. liii. 71- outbreak 
 against, at Prague, murder of the 
 princess and his son, &c, liv. 12 
 suppresses the revolt, 13, 14 charac- 
 ter of, 40 army of reserve under, 
 44 moves on Vienna, 63 bombard- 
 ment and capture of the city, 65 
 defeats the Hungarians, 71 et seq. sur- 
 render of the city, 73 at the abdica- 
 tion of the emperor, 76 forces under, 
 and his plans, lv. 5 movements, 6 
 advance to Komorn, &c, 7 procla- 
 
 to the Paragraph.
 
 31C 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Windischgratz, prince, continued. 
 
 mation by, ib. his inactivity, 8 
 execution of Count Bathiany, 12 
 his inactivity at Pesth, 14 advances 
 toward Debreczin, 15 battle of Ka- 
 polna, 16 et seq. his inactivity after 
 the battle, 18 retreats, 22 resolves 
 to fight for Pesth, 23 movements, 24 
 battle of Tapio-Biscke, 25 and of 
 Isaszeg, 26 et seq. retreat after it, 28 
 removed from the command, 31. 
 
 Wiudischgratz, princess, murder of, 
 VIII. liv. 12. 
 
 Window duty, motion for repeal of the, 
 V. xxxi. 60. 
 
 Window tax, reduction of the, 1823, III. 
 xix. 10 abolition of the, IV. xxiii. 147. 
 
 Windsor Castle, the recent additions to, 
 I. v. 88 parliamentary grant for, III. 
 xix. 15 reception of the Infanta 
 Donna Maria at, IV. xxii. 13 Louis 
 Philippe at, VII. xli. 118 visit of 
 Louis Philippe to, 1843, xlvi. 41. 
 
 Wine, fall in price of, 1782-1837, VI. 
 xxxvii. 46 note produce of duties on, 
 1844, VII. xli. 104 reduction of ex- 
 cise on, in France, 1848, VIII. 1. 28. 
 
 Wines, French, reduction of British 
 duties on, 1825, III. xix. 70 note 
 Cape, proposed duty on, IV. xxiii. 29 
 note. 
 
 Wings of Time, suppression of the, V. 
 xxvii. 48. 
 
 Winkclrnan, the works of, V. xxviii. 7. 
 
 Winter, the, in Great Britain, 1838, VI. 
 xxxvii. 36. 
 
 Winter palace, the, at St Petersburg, II. 
 viii. 94. 
 
 Wise, captain, at the battle of Algiers, I. 
 ii. 77. 
 
 Witepsk, state of the emancipated serfs 
 in, II. viii. 91. 
 
 Witnesses, intimidation of, in Ireland, 
 IV. xx. 16. 
 
 Witt, general do, organisation of military 
 colonies of Russia by, II. viii. 43 
 communicates the conspiracy in the 
 army to Alexander, 119. 
 
 Wittgenstein, count, conspiracy in the 
 army under, II. viii. 118 gives in- 
 formation of it to Alexander, 119 
 forces under, III. xv. 30 note opera- 
 tions of, before Schumla, 51 raises 
 the blockade of it, 54 attack on, be- 
 fore Schumla, and retires to Jenibaza, 
 56 withdraws across the Danube, 64 
 disasters during his retreat, 65 
 removed from the chief command, 114. 
 
 Woburn Abbey, social influence of, I. v. 
 111. 
 
 Wocher, general, defeated at Pastrengo, 
 VIII. hi. 38. 
 
 Wohlgemuth, count, VIII. lii. 66 at 
 Custoza, 67 defeated before Komorn, 
 lv. 40. 
 
 Woinoff, general, operations under, at 
 Schumla, III. xv. 46. 
 
 Wola, capture of, by the Russians, IV. 
 xxvi. 89. 
 
 Wolverhampton, members given to, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Women, religious societies of, law re- 
 garding, in France, III. xvi. 34 pro- 
 posed regulation of factory labour of, 
 VII. xli. 80. 
 
 Wood, alderman, arguments of, against 
 the new poor-law, V. xxxi. 151. 
 
 Wood, Sir C, on the state of the navy, 
 1836, VI. xxxvi. 51 chancellor of 
 the exchequer, 1846, VII. xliii. 4 and 
 note. 
 
 Wood, general, forces under, against the 
 Ghoorkas, VI. xxxix. 39. 
 
 Woodburn, captain, defeat of Akhtar 
 Khan by, VI. xl. 97 massacre of de- 
 tachment under, VIII. xlviii. 72 
 major, at Hyderabad, xlix. 25. 
 
 Woodburn, Mr, on Art-unions, III. xvi. 
 51 note. 
 
 Woodford, Sir Alexander, at Welling- 
 ton's funeral, VIII. lvi. 79 note. 
 
 Woodruff, an American sympathiser, 
 execution of, VI. xxxvii. 108. 
 
 Woodstock disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 42 
 note. 
 
 Wool, new taxes on, 1819, I. iv. 81 fall 
 in, 1818-22, II. x. 23 note the fall in 
 price of, 1818-22, 136- remission of 
 duty on, 1824, III. xix. 11 reduction 
 of duties on foreign, 50 imports of, 
 1819-49, ib. note consumption of, 
 1822-5, 64 note prices of, 1827-9, 
 IV. xxii. 16 note imports of, ib. fall 
 in price of, 1782-1837, VI. xxxvii. 46 
 note imports of, 1839-44, VII. xli. 
 77 note reduction of duties on, 
 105. 
 
 Woollens, increased manufacture of, in 
 Great Britain, I. v. 5 exports of, 
 1819-49, III. xix. 50 note foreign, re- 
 duction of duties on, 1825, 76 in- 
 creased exports of, from England, 
 1822, 9 proposed reduction of duties 
 on, VII. xlii. 48, 49. 
 
 Woosung river, forcing of the, VIII. 
 xlviii. 41. 
 
 Wootton Basset, disfranchised, IV. xxiii. 
 42 note. 
 
 Worcester, bishop of, votes for the re- 
 form bill, IV. xiii. 105. 
 
 Worcester, reform riot at, IV. xxiii. 
 91. 
 
 Worcestershire, additional members for, 
 IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 The Large Roman numerals refer to the Volume,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 317 
 
 Wordsworth, W., character of the writ- 
 ings of, I. v. 21 parallel between 
 him and Goethe, 22. 
 Workhouses, paupers in, under new poor- 
 law, V. xxxi. 153 number of inmates 
 in, Ireland, 1840-6, VII. xliii. 32 note 
 their state during the famine, 34. 
 Workhouse system, the proposed new, 
 
 V. xxxi. 150. 
 Workhouse test, the, under the new 
 poor-law, VI. xxxvii. 47 its repeal, 
 48. 
 Working classes, the, their representa- 
 tion not provided for in France, II. 
 ix. 110 decline in the material com- 
 forts of, in France, III. xviL 126 
 causes of their depressed condition, 
 127 competition among, and their 
 misery in France, 132 entirely unre- 
 presented there, 133 distress among, 
 1826, IV. xxi. 1, 2. delusions among, 
 regarding the reform bill, xxiii. 70 
 taxation of, under the old system, 1 25 
 want of representation of, under 
 the reform bill, 150 annual expendi- 
 ture on drink by, 164 failure of the 
 revolution with regard to, in France, 
 xxiv. 2 the interests of the bour- 
 geoisie opposed to theirs, 4 their ani- 
 mosity against the government of Louis 
 Philippe, 5 distress of, in Paris after 
 the Revolution, xxv. 14 spread of St 
 Simonianism among, in Paris, 40 
 state of, in France, after the revolu- 
 tion, V. xxix. 2 picture of it by 
 Louis Blanc, 3 their miserable condi- 
 tion, 4 and consequent profligacy, 5 
 suffering and discontent of, in Paris, 
 56 state of, in Lyons, 1 834, xxx. 
 43 strike among, 44 insurrection, 
 45 depressed condition of, under 
 Louis Philippe, 60 causes of the suf- 
 fering of, after the revolution of 1830, 
 63 distress among, in England, 1833, 
 xxxi. 55 the French, distress of, 1837, 
 xxxiii.91 feeling of, against the Lords, 
 VI. xxxvi. 23 distress of, in Great Bri- 
 tain, 1839, xxxvii. 39 attachment of, 
 to strikes, 58 distress of, in England, 
 1841, VII. xli. 16 arguments used 
 by the anti- corn-law agitators to, 25 
 effects of the railway mania on, xlii. 
 8 indirect benefit of railways to, 10 
 anticipated result of repeal of the 
 corn law3 to, 61, 63 relief given to, 
 by railways in England, xliii. 53, 55 
 benfits to, from the railway expendi- 
 ture, 121 the insurrections of, against 
 Louis Philippe, xliv. 1 increasing 
 discontent of, 4, 6 objects, &c. of, in 
 France, 8 they wholly unrepresented, 
 9 spread of socialism among them, 13, 
 
 18 combinations among, in Paris, 
 1840, 36 trials of, 38 state, &c. of, 
 under Louis Philippe, 107 state of, 
 in France, 1847, xlvii. 1 in France, 
 distress of, from the monetary crisis of 
 
 1847, 8 sufferings of, from scarcity, 
 15 de Tocqueville on the state of, 30 
 power transferred to, by the revolu- 
 tion of 1848 in France, VIII. 1. 2 
 Socialist demands of, in France, 1848, 
 20 commission on, in France, 68 
 provisions of constitution of 1848 re- 
 garding, li. 17 distress of, in Berlin, 
 
 1848, liii. 63. 
 
 Workmen, right of combining among, 
 III. xix. 54 decree of the Germanic 
 Diet regarding, V. xxvii. 54 contest 
 between the, and the masters at Lyons, 
 xxix. 9 number of, in the Ateliers 
 Nationaux, VIII. 1. 13 commence- 
 ment of war between, and masters, lvi. 
 3. 
 Woronije, population of, II. viii. 20 
 
 note. 
 Woronzoff, count, at Aix-la-Chapelle, I. 
 vi. 61 governor of the Crimea, II. 
 viii. 104, 105 takes the command 
 against Varna, III. xv. 55. 
 Wortley, Mr Stuart, moves amendment 
 on the address, 1841, VI. xxxviii. 58 
 becomes Lord Whamcliffe, VII. 
 xlii. 45. 
 Wrangel, general von, invades Schleswig- 
 Holstein, VIII. liii. 37 victories of, 
 39 appointed to command in Berlin, 
 52 his address, 53 dissolves the 
 Assembly by force, 57, 59. 
 Wratislaw, count, forces under, in Italy, 
 
 VIII. lii. 4. 
 Wrede, general, defeat and death of, 
 
 before Schumla, III. xv. 52. 
 Wright, captain, VIII. lvi. 71 note. 
 Wurtemberg, the crown - prince of, a 
 rumoured member of tho Hetairia, 
 III. xiv. 5 the princess of, daughter 
 of Louis Philippe, her death and char- 
 acter, VI. xxxiv. 61 position of the 
 forces of, in France, I. iii. 29 repre- 
 sentative institutions in, IV. xxiv. 81 
 votes of, in the Germanic Diet, V. 
 xxvii. 4 note population and mili- 
 tary contingent, 5 note establishment 
 of Representative Assembly in, 17 
 dissolution of the Chamber in, 51 
 army of, xxx. 26 note statistics of, 
 VIII. liii. 5 note concessions of king 
 of, 1848, 21 affairs of, 1850, 90 
 treaty with Russia, 92. 
 Wurzburg, society for liberty of the 
 
 press at, V. xxx. 23. 
 Wuth, M., resignation of, VIII. liii. 
 69. 
 
 the Small to the Chapter, and the A rabic to the Paragraph.
 
 318 
 
 HISTORY OF EUROPE, 1815-1852. 
 
 Wycombe, partially disfranchised, IV. 
 xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Wyld, brigadier, attempt of, to force the 
 Khyber Pass, VIII. xlviii. 55. 
 
 Wylie, Sir James, physician to the Em- 
 peror Alexander, II. viii. 104, 105 
 during the emperor's last illness, 105, 
 106. 
 
 Wymer, colonel, defeat of insurgent 
 Affghans by, at Khelat-i-Ghilzye, VI. 
 xl. 96 relief of Khelat-i-Ghilzye by, 
 VIII. xlviii. 80. 
 
 Wynn, Mr C. W. W., war secretary, 
 1830, IV. xxiii. 6 note. 
 
 Wynne, Mr H., appointed envoy to Swit- 
 zerland, II. x. 113. 
 
 Wynne, Mr, becomes president of the 
 board of control, II. x. 1 1 3 vote of, 
 on the civil list, 1830, IV. xxii. 79 
 motion by, on the details of the reform 
 bill, xxiii. 74 chancellor of duchy 
 of Lancaster, 1835, VI. xxxv. 16 
 note. 
 
 Wyp, general, at Kapolna, VIII. lv. 17. 
 
 Xroni, storming of, VIII. liii. 49. 
 
 Yamaska, dispersion of the Canadian in- 
 surgents on the, VI. xxxvii. 82. 
 
 Yan mountains, the, VIII. xlviii. 7. 
 
 Yang-tze-Kiang River, the, VIII. xlviii. 
 7 importance of, 40 forcing of its 
 entrance, 41. 
 
 Yar Mahommed, defence of Herat by, 
 VI. xl. 46, 48 treachery of, 84 
 openly joins the Persians, 95. 
 
 Yarmouth (Isle of Wight) disfranchised, 
 IV. xxiii. 42 note. 
 
 Yarns, abolition of duty on, VII. xlii. 15. 
 
 Yates, brigadier, at Maugore, VIII. xlix. 
 41. 
 
 Ye, cession of, to the British, VI. xxxix. 
 72. 
 
 Yellow fever, the outbreak of, at Cadiz 
 in 1819, II. vii. 61 at Barcelona, xi. 
 43. 
 
 Yeomanry force, increase of the, in 1820, 
 [I. x. 54 reduction of the, IV. xxi. 93. 
 
 Yermoloff, general, repeated defeats of 
 the Persians by, III. xv. 4 removed 
 from the command against the Per- 
 sians, 21. 
 
 York, the duke of, II. x. 40 chief 
 mourner at the burial of George III., 
 41 declaration of, against Catholic 
 emancipation, 1821, 97 his declaration 
 against Catholic emancipation, IV. xx. 
 45 et seq. effect produced by it, 48 
 attack by Brougham on him, ib. 
 heads the anti-Catholic party in 1826, 
 xxi. 44 his death, 57 his character, 
 58 et seq. ultimate effect of his death. 
 07. 
 
 York, archbishop of, votes for the reform 
 bill, IV. xiii. 105. 
 
 York, intended rising at, 1817, I. iv. 15 
 diocese, statistics of church accom- 
 modation in, 44 note Radical meeting 
 at, 1819, II. x. 32 election of 1835 
 in, VI. xxxv. 19 pressure, &c. of tolls 
 in, VII. xli. 84 note and North Mid- 
 land Railway, fall in, 1846-52, xliii. 
 120 note. 
 
 Yorkshire, state of, in 1816, I. ii. 7 note 
 meeting of gentry of, in connection 
 with the Peterloo meeting, II. x. 32 
 continuance of military training in, 
 49 transference of the members for 
 Grampound to, 63 the elections of 
 1826 for, IV. xxi. 44-riots in, 1829, 
 xxii. 17 election of 1S30 for, 57 
 additional members for, xxiii. 42 
 the elections for 1831 in, 68 pre- 
 parations of the reformers in, 1831, 
 69 defeat of Lord Morpeth in, 1841, 
 
 VI. xxxviii. 57 return of Lord Mor- 
 peth for West Riding, 1815, VII. xlii. 
 45. 
 
 Youghal, speech of O'Connell on repeal 
 
 of the union at, IV. xxii. 18. 
 Young, J., a lord of the Treasury, 1841, 
 
 VII. xli. 14 note. 
 
 Young, the tragedian, I. v. 105. 
 
 Young, colonel, defeat of the American 
 sympathisers by, VI. xxxvii. 105. 
 
 Young Europe, the association called, 
 V. xxxiii. 67. 
 
 Young Ireland, opposition of, to O'Con- 
 nell, VII. xli. 75. 
 
 Yprcs, terms of treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 
 regarding, 1. vi. 69. 
 
 Ynkien, governor of Chinghae, death of, 
 
 VIII. xlviii. 36. 
 
 The Large. Roman numeral* refer to the Volume, dr.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 319 
 
 Zalewski, general, operations under, at 
 
 Wilna, and his retreat, IV. xxvi. 
 
 81. 
 Zamosc, surrender of, to the Poles, IV. 
 
 xxvi. 25 fortress of, 45, 46. 
 Zanchio, capture of, by Ibrahim Pacha, 
 
 III. xiv. 123. 
 Zarco del Valle, defeat of the royalists 
 
 at, II. xi. 74. 
 Zarnow, diffusion of socialist principles 
 
 from, VI T. xlvi. 17 attempt of the 
 
 nobles on, 20 massacres at, 22. 
 Zayas, general, left in charge of Madrid, 
 
 II. xii. 75 forces under, at Malaga, 
 
 86. 
 Zayonchek, general, left as viceroy in 
 
 Poland, II. viii. 59. 
 Zemaun Shah, threatened invasion of 
 
 India by, VI. xl. 24 dethi-oned and 
 
 blinded by his brother, 25 flees to 
 
 the English, ib. 
 Zemaun Shah, during the retreat from 
 
 Cabul, VI. xl. 129. 
 Zemenwar, siege of, by Bern, VIII. lv. 
 
 9. 
 Zemindar system, results of the, in 
 
 India, VI. xxxix. 15. 
 Zevinn, pass of, III. xv. 92 occupied 
 
 by the Russians, 93. 
 Zgorskha, massacre at, VII. xlvi. 22. 
 Zimirski, general, at Praga, IV. xxvi. 50 
 
 wounded there, 51. 
 
 Znelid, M., heads the revolution of 1830 
 
 at Lyons, IV. xxiv. 46. 
 Zichy, general, capitulation of, at Venice, 
 
 VIII. lii. 3 Count Eugene, execution 
 
 of, liv. 49. 
 Zobel, baron, operations of, in the Tyrol, 
 
 VIII. lii. 29 left to defend Rivoli, 56 
 
 abandons it, 58. 
 Zoll, general, at battle of Kouleftscha, 
 
 III. xv. 125. 
 
 Zollverein, the, III. xix. 33 commence- 
 ment of, V. xxvii. 61 negotiations of, 
 with Brunswick and Hanover, 63 
 extension of, to Brunswick, &c, Q6 
 commerce of, VIII. liii. 5 note ob- 
 jects, &c. of, 13 its effects, 14. 
 
 Zouaves, origin and character of the, in 
 Algeria, V. xxx. 29, VII. xlv. 21. 
 
 Zriny, Korner's drama of, V. xxviii. 33. 
 
 Zucchi, general, forces under, VIII. lii. 44. 
 
 Zucchini, M., VIII. lii. 82. 
 
 Zug, protest by, against the suppression 
 of the convents, VII. xlvi. 92 a 
 member of the Sunderbund, 94. 
 
 Zurich, changes in constitution of, 1830, 
 
 IV. xxiv. 86 growth of radicalism in, 
 VII. xlvi. 91. 
 
 Zurnwesen,the, in Germany, V. xxvii. 29. 
 Zuy, defeat of Spanish royalists at, II. 
 
 VII. 80. 
 Zygos, hills of, Missolonghi, III. xiv. 
 
 129! 
 
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