%a^3ba^ w PO a% &&&*&& ^^*?KW fr IT mmm'm ' MClf . y&m x&frFt t**w* m&tastift ititfifit^fs%* -}*^? . -*^f '>' * >* ll^*iiiliiP i^^^^fUf^fMcM / 1^ -Q RIGA MATCH AND CORRESPONDENCE GAMES CONDUCTED AND ANNOTATED BY THE COMMITTEE OF THE RIGA CHESS CLUB WITH RICE GAMBIT SUPPLEMENT AND APPENDIX FOR CORRESPONDENCE PLAYERS 1916 AMERICAN CHESS BULLETIN 150 NASSAU ST., NEW YORK DQ O CD CD W H O X H 3 -v '-U 51 23 INTRODUCTION. In chess the name of Riga is surely one to conjure with, for it has been synonymous with efficiency in analysis and depth of research these many years past an efficiency that, in the case of the Baltic seaport, has spelled unparalleled success. During a period of years, stretching from 189(5 to 1910, a series of matches, consist- ing of two games each, were con- tested by the tournament commttee of i the Riga Chess Club with various clubs of high standing, including the Berlin, Moscow, Stockholm and Orel i Chess Clubs. Moves in these games i were exchanged by telegraph, but under a time limit and other conditions similar to those which obtain in correspondence chess. In other words, ample opportu- nity was afforded for the widest range of analysis. In the members of the Riga committee that club had the services of men who may well be said to have few peers in the art of dissecting a chess position and dragging forth to light its manifold possibilities. The list includes some names of world-wide renown in the field of end-game studies and problem-. Kvery member of the committee is pos- sessed of much more than the average intelligence and each is a man of parts wholly apart from chess. That such a company working in unison should pro- duce results worth while and make con- tributions of lasting value to the analvsis of the game goes without saying. Follow- ing is the roll of honor: Professor Dr. P. Kohl. Paul Kerkovius, Carl Behting. Robert Behting and August Lueth. These gentlemen responded readiiv to the suggestion that a collection of the match games in book form would be welcomed by main' chess players, with 6 the result that a complete set of the I committee's annotations of the game scores, with exhaustive analysis in each the defense is also referred to as the case, were placed at our disposal. The "Bohl Variation." credit being accorded committee was also invited to make se- to Professor Dr. P. Bohl. lection ot a limited number of choice | \Ye confidently believe that this small games played by correspondence and ; hut select collection of games will be ac- which originally appealed in the pages : ceptable as classics. XVith the accom- ot the "Rigacr Tageblatt" and the "Bal- panying annotations they will be useful 1 tische Schachblaetter. ' ^ and instructive alike to the student and Conditions directly traceable to the \ advanced player and will compare favor- outbreak of the war interfered with the ; ably with the painstaking analysis to be immediate publication of tne book, found in the works of even so eminent which, however, should be none the less an authority as Dr. Tarrasch. As such welcome because of the unavoidable de- lav. Meantime, the Riga Defense, we have no hesitation in recommending them to the considerate attention of brought into prominence by its use in ', chess practitioners everywhere. one of the match games between Riga HARTXX'IG CASSEL. and Berlin in 1906. has found its way HERMANN HELMS. into manv of the text-books. In the New York. August. 1916. Game No. 1 Petroil Defense. (By Correspondence, between the Ri^a unJ O<\1 Chess Cluhs. October to January, 181)8). Riga. Orel. Riga. Orel. \Vhite: Black : \Vhite: Black 1. P K4 P K4 1!). B Kt4 R -Kf 2. Kt KB3 Kt KB3 20. () R3 K Kt2 3. KtxP P Q3 21. B Riich K R 4. Kt- KB3 KtxP 22 OR Q| 1' B3 5. P Q4ia) P Q4 23. R.xP RxR ii. B 03 B K2(b) 24. B:,R Kt -B2 7, Castles Kt QB3 25. B Kt3 () K2ii{! S. P B4 B KKt5 2(>. Q (,)3 Kt Kt4 9. Kt B3(c) Kt B3 27. B K3 R () 10. PxP KKt.xP 28. Q B4 Q2(h) 1 1 . B- K4 B K3(d) 29. P Q5 BxP 12. Q Q3(ci P QR3(f) 30. Q K2 H B3 13. P QR3 B B3 31. r\P QxP 14. R K| QKt K2 32. RxRch BxR 15. Kt KKt5 P KKt3 33 . P QR- Kt B2 K). KtxB PxKt 34. B O4ch l-l B3 17. KtxKt KtxKt 35. B Xt2!!(j) Resigns 18. B B3 K B2 Position at the conclusion ot the u,aine. Black (Oi el) Eight Pieces. " r ' i i J| * t i ; *'^ W i i 4 * -' ' 1 - .^ fg"8| m_ White i Rh. r a ) --Mis; lit Pieci (a) With 5. P-Q3. KKt B3: 6. P Q4, P Q4; 7. B--Q3 White could have initiated the nonnal variation of the French Defense. (b) Not so good would have been 6....B Q3, whereupon the following variation wculd have been in order: 7. Castles. Castles; 8. P B4, B K3*^ 9. Q B2, P KB4 (or Kt KB3; 10. P B5, B K2; 11. Kt QB3, Kt QB3; 12. P QR3, Q Q2; 13. B QKt5 and Kt K5i; 10. Q-Kt3. PxP; 11. QxKtP, P B3; 12. BxKt. PxB; 13. Kt KKt5. B KB4; 14. Kt QB3, Q Q2; 15. Qx Q. KtxQ; 16. KtxKP and White has a Pawn plus in a good position. (c) White could here also have con- tinued R K. (d) This seems to be the best move here. If 1 1 . . . . Kt KB3 instead; 12. BxKt, PxB, 13. Q Q3, threatening Kt K5, thereby getting a Pawn posi- tion on the Queen's wing, which must be considered of doubtful merit. (ei Seemingly a very strong contin- uatLn would have been 12. Q--Kt3. Black could not then have taken the Kt because of the rejoinder QxKtP. which would have gained a Pawn and a good position for White. The only reply for Black to avoid loss of material and posi- tion would have been 12....QKt Kt5 i note by Professor P. Bohl . i r > This move i-- onlv loss of time. Tlu correct move at thi> stage of the L>ame \\ . ulJ have been OKt Kt5. The White Queen would then have had to re- tire to K2. (Had he played Q KtSch, instead, Black would at least have drawn by 13 P B3; 14. QxKtP. QR Ktfc 15. QxRP, R RD; 13....P QB3; 14. P QR3. Kt R3, with a safe game for Black. (g) If 25 BxP; 26. B KB4. which wins a piece or mates. (h) Black cannot afford to regain the Pawn with 28....KtxQP, on account 29. RxKt. which would win a piece. (i) In all probability R Q2, to be followed by PxP, would have been suf- ficient. The text move makes quite a pretty finish possible. (j) A charming move, but also the only one which brings about a decision at once. In reply to 35. Q B4, Black would have had the pretty defense of 35 . Kt Q4. True. White could then continue with 36. QxQ, PxQ; 37. Bx Kt, BxB; 38. BxB, thus winning a Pawn, but it would scarcely have been sufficient, as Bishops of opposite colors would have been left on the board. The text move forms the groundwork for the peculiar conclusion, so much like a study, of the line of play initiated by the 30th move. The win of the game is scarcely visible at first sight, but if the position is more closely inspected, one will soon get the conviction that, in view of the two threats, 36. Q K7 and Q QB4. nothing can he done. The dia- gram shows the final position. Game No. 2 Queen's Gambit Declined. (By Correspondence, between the Riga and Orel Chess Clubs, October, 1896, to January, 1898). Orel. White: 1. P Q4 2. P QB4 3. Kt QB3 4. B Kt5 5. P K3 6. Kt B3 11 12. B Kt5(e) 13. B Q3(f) 14. BxB 15. Q B2(g) 16. Q B2 17. Castles 18. PxP 19. Kt O 20. P- KR3 21. P QKt3 (a) As long developed, such should have bee the correct play (b) This fine loses a Pawn, is reaching sacri tic Riga. Black: P-Q4 P K3 Kt KB3 B K2 P QKt3 QKt Q2 Position After the llth Move of White. Black (Riga) Fourteen Pieces. Orel. Riga. White: Black : 7. R B B Kt2 8. PxP PxP 9. Kt K5 Castles 10. P B4?(a) KtxKt(b) 11. QP.\Kt(c i 1 i i White (Orel) Fourteen nieces. R-Kj(d) P B3 Kt Q2 QxB Q -R5ch Q- R3 P &B3 KtxP R K2 P B4 QR -K as the KB remains un- an advance of the KBP n omitted. B Q3 was 22. R B2 23. Q K 24. Q Kt3 Resigns! i) Kt K5 Kt Q3 P B5 PxP P QKt4 B K5 B Q6 P Kt5 B J\7 (c) If 11. BPxKt, Kt -Q2; 12. B B4 and the game would have been even. (d) The pith of the tenth move. (ei White take> care not to accept the sacrifice, for 12.... B B-l would have followed with a strong attack; for instance. I. 13. B Q3, BxP; 14. Q 10 R5. P Kt3; (wrong would have been 14 BxRch; 15. K Q) : 15. Q RG, QxP; 16. BxQ. BxPch, to he followed by BxQ and Blaek has three Pawns for the piece in a good position; II. 13. P - B5. P Q5; 14. Kt K2. P Q(j; 15. Kt B3. BxP; Hi. BxB, Q Q5 ; 17. Bx P. QXBch; 18. B or Kt K2. BxP, etc.; III. 13. P K4. P-Q5; 14. Kt- R4. Bx ; P; 15. K B2, P QGch; 16. KtxB, Q Q5ch; 17. K -Kt3, Q KGch : 18. K R4. PxKt; 19. PxP, Q - B7ch ; 20. K - R5. B Kt3ch; 21. K RG. Q Q5, or 21. K Kt4, P KR4, etc.; IV. 13. PxP, P KB3; 14. B Q3, PxB; 15. Q R5, i RxPch; Hi. K Q2, RxBch; 17. KxR, ' P Q5; 18. Kt K4, BxKtch; 19. KxB, Q K2ch. etc., etc. (f) If now PxKt, Black can also re- ply with B B4, when similar variations to those given in note (e) could be played. If, after PxKt, B B4, White should continue with KtxP, Black, in spite of having lost the exchange, would remain with the superior position as, after 1 4.... PxKt; 15. BxR. QxB would have followed; for instance: 16. Q K2 (if P B5 instead, 1G BxP; 17. BxB, QxBch), BxP; 17. R- B2, P Q5, threatening P QG, etc. (g) Castling, instead, would have lost a Pawn, as can easily be seen. (h) Of course, the taking of the Pawn would have lost the exchange. (i) \Vhite resigns, as the position is now untenable. Game No. '> Vienna Opening. (By Telegraph, between the Riga and Moscow Chess Clubs, November. 1899, to April, 1900). Mo --cow. Riga. White: Black: 1. P K4 P K4 2. Kt QB3 Kt- -KB3 3. P -B4 P Q4 4. BPxP KtxP 5. Q-B3(a) P KB4 Position After Black's 10th Move. Black (!?''"> Fifteen Pieces. 8. Moscow. Riga. White: Black: KKt K2 Kt- QB3(b) P Q4 Kt Kt5 K QKc) P B4(d) Kt B4(e) P KKt3(f) B- Kt5ch Kt B3(g) 11 11. QKtxP(h) K B2(i) 12. B B4 KtxQP 13. Kt B6ch(j) B K3 15. K--K2(k) 16. B 05(1) 17. BxKKt (m) f) 05 R.-Q OxKP 14. KtxB KtxKtch Position After Black's 17th .Move. Black (Ritrin Twclv Piero?. W. A':" '': i 1 + i i W i 1 A i, ' :,; *&, 18 K B2(n) ID. BxKrP(o) 20. P KKt3(p 21. K Kt2 KxKt P QB5 B B4ch R Q2(q 2?. K R3(ri 23. R () 24. R 5. the part of White. (c) This early forfeiture of the privi- ni rnc r N le.ue of Castling is not ?o important n? (,fi L'nfonunateh would then have to retire to OB3 and ;!i. further di * elopmer to! ! ; ;,; k would have been very difficult. (ei The texi hoi and Mieses make- White continiu here \\ iili :. P (^1\. : ;' m ' ms nobod\\ \\'hite however, rightly con- ' 12 PxP instead, Black would soon be lost, as will be seen from the appended var- iations; 9 PxP; 10. Q R5ch, P Kt3!; 11. KtxKtP, PxKt; 12. QxPcli. K Q2 (if K K2; 13. KtxKt, threaten- ing B KtSch); 13. P KGch, K~ B2; 14. Kt KtSch, K Ktl; 15. B B4ch, B Q3; 16. KtxB, KtxKt; 17. P K7, winning the Queen or mating. (g) If K B2 instead, 11. KtxKt and White, after BPxKt, would get a strong attack by 12. Q B2. (h) It is doubtful whether KKtxQP would have been stronger. Black would then have replied with B--Xt2 and, after 12. KtxKt, PxKt; 13. QxP, Black could have continued with B---B4. The later move would have led to very interesting variations, favorable for Black, for instance, 14. Kt Boch, K B; 15. Q B4, KtxQP; 16. Kt Q7ch. K B2 (under no circumstances K Kt| on account of QxKt or QxB) ; 17. B B4ch, Kt K3, and Black has the better game. (i) B Kt2 was perhaps the safer move and just as good, but Black was also determined to contribute sonic- thing towards making things lively. (j) If 13. Kt B3 dis. ch. instead, Black would have continued K --Kt2. (k) Here K K came strongly under consideration. The difference between this and the text move consists princi- pally in that Black, in case of K K* would have continued with 15.... Q Q5 and that he then could not take the KB with check. But even after the text move White has the best chances for a draw. (1) Here BxKtch, KxB; 17. KtxKt, QxKtch; 18. QxQ, PxQ would have been preferable. True, Black would then have had a little better game, but he scarcely could have forced a win. In- teresting also would have been the con- tinuation after 16. BxKtch, KxB; 17. R Q 1 , QxKP; 18. B B4 (if 18 Qx Kt; 19. Q Kt3ch, when mate would soon follow). The more correct contin- uation for Black, however, would then have been 17. . . .Q B5ch; 18. K Kj B K2, etc. (m) Probably best. If R Q/instead, Black would have played with advan- tage RxB. The following variation will be of interest: 17.... RxB; 18. KtxR, QxKP; 19. K Bf Kt Q5; 20. Q Q3, QxRP, etc. (n) With Kt Kt4, QxBch; 19. QxQ, PxQ, White could have had better chances; the win in that event, was not at all easy for Black. After the text move Black gets a decided advantage. (o) The only- move. If B Q3 in- stead. Black would at once win by P QB5. (p) Although White's game could not have been kept intact very long, the White allies could have given more trouble by 20. B K3, B B4; 21. KR K. (q) Threatening first Kt Q5 and second RxB. (n In order to be able to retreat the Q Kt2 in answer to 22. ... Kt Q5. (s) If 24. QxR instead, then follows 24 Kt Kt4ch; 25. K R4, Q K7, etc. 1 (t) If BxKt, Px^K-tch; 26. K Kt2, P Kt5, etc. G-mvy No. i Kuy Lope/.. (By Telegraph, between the Riga and Nio . >v Chesj Club-, November, I-S!!>, to April, 1JOW. White: Black. White: Black: 1. P K4 P K4 K). R K(a> R KJtb) 2. Kt KB3 Kt QB3 11. Q B4(c Kt ?,-* 3. B Kt5 Kt B3 12. Kt KKtS H\Kt 4. Castles KtxP 13. BxB QxB 5. P Q4 B K2 14. ()xl. Kt B3 Castles Position Alter Black's 17th Move. Black (Moscow) Twelve Pieces. W^ :: '\ i ;"'<'' SS . ' : i """"" "' *?""' i. *,. (' ^ t<$ ' ,-' -. ""f. .. , ?4 ' H m ^'- gxfiiS/; P^? White (Riga) Twelve Pieces. 18. Kt K4 P - KR3(g> 22. PxP RxRch IS). Q B3 PxP 23. R.xR PxP 20. Kt B5(h) R K2 24. Kt K4 Q Q ! 21. PxP P Q3 25. Q Kt3 Drawni i i (a) Formerly Kt - Q4 was considered ! maintained in their text book that White the strongest continuation and the gets the better game with it. Then came greatest masters felt very uncomt'ort- Lasker. who made a simple reply. B B4. able when they had to fight against this and Kt Q4 lust its terrors. Soon there- move. In 1SD4, Bardeleben and Mieses came a complete change of opinion. I he moves, Kt Q4 and even 9. Kt QB3. \vere considered \veak and they con- tinued according to the example set by Lasker in a game against O. C. Mueller in London with 9. P QKt3. This move was considered good until Pillsbury, in the second game of the tie match against Dr. S. Tarrasch (Vienna. 1898), demon- strated how. by transposition of moves, namely, bv 10. R K and 11. Kt Q4, Lasker's defense of R- B4 could be avoided. (b) Formerly Kt R4 was played here, the continuation being ! !. Kt- Q4, K: K3; 12. B K3. KtxKt: 13. BxKt. Q4. Inasmuch as Dr. Tarrasch. on of 14. Kt -QR4. obtained the v- ! se position in the atoresaid game v. ; rh Piilshury. this defense is consid- ered insufficient. .Maroczy. therefore, found it essential to invent something place of Kt B4 in his game ! Cohn. played in London. 1899. adopted the text move of this mt Both annotation 1 - from the schachzeitung" to the game he- tvxen Pillsbury and Lasker, played in Lond< menl '9 are 1 . . in order, io ThN strong move, first sugg< in in the "Sch id " was '. especially so by Tschigorin. Inasmuch as Black is so little de- \ .' ' n the Queen's side of the j. White's position is preferable. ie) Preparing P R3. which, on ac- count of 15. Q R4ch and PxP, would not be very good now. (f) Played with the intention of con- tinuing with P KB4 and thus to hold the KP, which maintains a strong pres- sure and prevents the development of Black. Q R5 also came in considera- tion here, while, on the other hand, the move R K3, suggested by Alapin, would have been out of place, on account of P B3; 16. QR K* (if 16. P KB4, QxBP; 57. QR KB,' R*P- with an ad- vantage for Black; , PxP; 17. P--KB4, QxBP; 18. R KB* P Q3; 19. RxQ, Px Q: 20. QR K4, B R3 : 21. RxP. R - KB: 22. P- KR3 (if Kt K2 instead. R (K3)- B3), R BSch; 23. K R2. RxR; 24. RxR. R B8; 25. RxP, RxP; 26. Rx P, B-B8. etc. Castles 2. Kt KB3 Kt QB3 10. Kt - Kt3 B B3 3. B Kt5 P QR3 11. Kt R5(e) PxP 4. B R4 Kt B3 12. KtxQP Q K2! 5. Castles B K2(a) 13 R K(f) BxKt 0. Kt B3 P Q3(b) 14. QxB p__KB4(g) 7. BxKtch PxB 15. B Q2 Q B2 8. P Q4 Kt Q2!(c) 1(5. B B3 Blac k (Stockholm ) Thirteen I 5 ieces. ^ 91 & H P^rtfpill mi Jl 5?S*Wp :"j. /%"" '".."g'-\-. J i t i t ; J^J. B ;,.' :'''_ _ 'il&xM. OWM & mA ^ : & & ;','. \\ I H ^' - -* ' ' - ; t 'hite (Riga) Thirteen Piuce 16. . . . PxP(h) 19. BxKt RxB 17. QxPch(i) QxQ 20. Kt R5 R R3 18. KtxQ Kt B3(j) 21. Kt Kt3 P 04 B lack (Stockholm) Ten Pieces. "I; t I i ,, ... a ' , - ;/ f i ^ O- a) ;8 5 ^\; 1. 6 \\'hite (Riga) Ten Pieces. B Q2(k) 20. R K ' K B f R K| 2 1 . Kt B5 R QKt3 PxP 23. P QKt3 B Kt3 BxR 29. R K5(l) (at Kt:-. P is the alternative main line ot Hay, leading to well known varia- tions. u; ) The text books recommend to diive the Bishop first by means of P QKt4. before playing P Q3. but this c -eems to be a matter of taste, (o An excellent continuation, princi- pailv indulged in by the late Tschigorin. ( d ) White cannot make up his mind to continue with PxP tor the following reasons: Ir Black retakes the Pawn he, truiv eru i.gh. would get a double Pawn n the QB file, but. first of nil, the seem- inglv werk Pawn on QB3 cannot be at- tached for some time to come, and, sec- ond. the Bishop on K2 gets freedom of action, not at all agreeable to White, An example showing this characteristic position is to be found in a game from the match plaved at St. Petersburg be- tween iarraseh and Tschigorin. let 1!. PxP would still be dissdvan- us for \Vnite. while Kt B5 \vould be -.uecessfuily answered with P - Q4. i!i The continuation KtxQBP. QxP; 14. KtxBch, KtxKt: 15. Kt Q4 would lead to nothing. i g i Nf'W Black becomes aggressive. V\ 'hoilv unsound would be White's con- tinuation i5, Q B4ch. K R: i(i. Qx BP. or account of Kt Bl; IT. QxR, B Kt2, to be followed by R R. (hi A very irond continuation for would have been Kt K4. The game ir.iuht havL then been continued as toll - t ; KB-! (if KtxKtP, QxKt; is, P KB!. Kr Bc.chi. OxXt: n>. i^x Kt, P B5, and \XTiite must have no illu- sions whatever, but must continue with R KBHn order to get an even game. Dangerous would have been the follow- ing continuation : (a) 20. PxP. Q -Kt3; 21. PxP, for otherwise Black would play PxP in a very good position, P Bo; 22. Q B2, B R6; 23. P Kt3, and the \Yhite position, after the Pawn on B7 has been captured, is not at all to be envied; or (b) 20. Q-B4ch, K R!; 21. QxBP. B R6; 22. PxB, P B6. with a decisive attack; for instance, 23. 3 Q4. QxRP;24. K B2. QxRPch; 25. K K3, PxP; 26. B B5. QR Q*; 27. Bx!?, Q B5eh, etc. If Black abstained from this continuation he did it because of the fact that White, with a correct defense and in consideration of there being Bishops of opposite colors on the board, may easily get a draw. (i) Of no avail would have been 17. RxP, on account of Kt X4; 18. P K34, P B4, and White soon gets into a bad position. \k) Black is forced to sacrifice a Pawn, for with 22. ... PxP: 23. R KSch, K B2; 24. QR K, Black cannot prevent the loss of the game; as for in- stance, 24..,. P B7eh: 25. KxP. R B3ch; 2(5. K Kt. B Kt2: 27. QR K7ch, K Kt3; 23. RxR, BxR; 20. R KS. B Kt2; 30. R KtS, and wins the Bishop: or 24. . . ,R B3; 25. QR 17 K7ch. K Kt3; 26. R KtSch. K R3; 27. R K5. etc. (h At this stage of the game Stock- holm resigned the match and no addi- tional moves were made. It may rea- sonably be considered that Riga, having a Pawn to the good, would have won the game anvhow. Castles i 1 1 QKt ()2i QxQ R R:> Kt K4 KKt Q2 R R *Game No. H (iiuoeo Piano. (Ry Telegraph, between the Riga and Stockholm Chess Clubs, January, 1H04. to October, HK)4). Riga. Black: P -Q4(c) KtxQP QxB Q Q R R2 P QR4 Kt Kt5(e) Stockholm. Riga. \Vhite: Black P K4 P K4 Kt KI-V^ Kt QB3 B B4 B B4 P B3 Kt B3 P Q^tat P Q3 P -QKt4 B Kt3 P OR 4 P OR3 Position After White's 14th .Move. Black (Riga) -Fourteen Pieces. = ' $<& I I.I 1 i 1 i 1 4 . M s __; o : ; ^ V] QxP B K3 KtxQ R Q Castles K t K t S i h i P B4 P Kt Px P Kt Kt 1-', Kt6 Kt5 Pli i R3 Bi ki B2i 1 1 1-5 Kt B Q4 BxBP P R3 1^ K.< P Br 18 Position After White's 28th Move. Black (Riga) Twelve Pieces. \X'hite (Stockholm) Eleven Pieces. 28 29. R Kt3 R Q4 KR Q (a) The continuation 5. P Q4. Px P; 6. PxP, B KtSch; 7. Kt B3 (move by Greco ). KtxP: 8. Castles. BxKt; 9. P Q5, recommended and analyzed by J. Moeller, of Copenhagen, leads to very interesting variations, full of complica- tions, resulting, according to the fullest and latest analysis, in more or less fa- vorable positions for Black. Hence in a game like this, played by correspond- ence, the move could scarcely come into consideration, although an equal posi- tion might be established after 5. P Q4, PxP; 6. PxP. B KtSch. with 7. B- Q2. (hi White's attack on the Queen's wing, together with the last Bishop move, was formulated with the purpose of forcing an exchange of Bishops on K3 and thereby opening the KB file for the Rook. Had he succeeded in that. Resignsim ) White would indeed have got the freer game. (c) An interesting rejoinder. Through this advance in the centre of the board Black tries to create a new aspect to the game. (d) It seems as if this move, plaus- ible as it is. seeing that the Bishop is put out of commission, may have brought about the loss of the game. Preferable would have been 12. BxB, PxB; 13. Castles. The two weak Pawns on Q3 and QKt4 do not gain in strength by sticking to the Bishop. The game might then have continued 13.... P B3 (less good would have been any Bishop move or even KtxP) ; 14. P Kt5. PxP: 15. BPxP, Kt Q5. Black, after Castling, would then perhaps have the freer game (the attack of White hv mean;, of 16. KtxKP, PxKt; 19 17. Q R5ch, does not win), though a clear advantage for Black cannot bo seen. (e) Very tempting would have been here 14.... Kt Q5, inasmuch as, after 15. BxKt, PxB; 16. Q B4, Q-K2ch, the White QBP is lost. White, how- ever, plays 15. Q- Bo in reply to Q Q4, 16. KtxKt. Then the following continuation would probably have en- sued: 16 QxKtP; 17. R B. B R6; 18. Kt Q2, PxKt; 10. QxQP, Castles; 20. Castles QR, and White has decided- ly the better game. Even with 15.... KtxKtch: 16. PxKt, the White position would be superior. ""T"t;'ir i ! 1 1 * ;: 'IS; White (Riga) Sixteen Pieces. 12 B Kt5 13. Q Q3(d) Kt-R4(e) 14. KtxKt BxKt 16. Kt-Q2('f) 17. B-K3 18. P B3(h) 15. B Kt5 Q B2 Position After XX hite's 18th Move. E >!ack (Berlin)- -Fifteen Pieces. i i W v ju : i ''/ . . "' r 'i a ix ? ,,-i i y W ^-_r ;V . ^ "' vX'hite (Riga) Fifteen Pieces. 18. P-Q4(i) 19. P^KKt4 KPxPlij) 20. BPxP P-QB4 21. Q B3!!(k) Kt B5(l) 22. BxKt QxB 23. PxB(m) BPxP(n) 24. Q Q3 R K4 25. QR - K 2(). R -K2(o) 27. KR B2 28. K -B(q) 20. P - B4 30. KtxPis 31, Kt -Oh P KR3 QR-K(g) RxRP R K R(R4) K4(p) Q R5(r) PxP R(K4) K3 Resigns 26 (a) Often BxKt, to be followed by P Q3 is being played here. (b) Whether the B stands better on this square or on B2 is doubtful. The j one as well as the other determines the character of the whole subsequent game. B B2, according to our idea, looks more natural. (c) This move was made to prepare P Q4, whereby White gets a strong centre of Pawns, which cannot easily be dissolved. (d) Here White had three alterna- tives, namely, the text move, P KR3 and K R. Of the three the text move seems to give the best chances. (e) The question whether this move, which holds the well posted B in a cul de sac, already contains the embryo of a lost cause, cannot be readily an- swered because of the complications in the position and the many possibili- ties arising from me muvc. rt.ii.ci 13... BxKt; 14. PxB, White has not a | bad position, for, after Kt B5, 15. Bx j Kt, PxB; 16. Kt K2, Kt R4; 17. ! K R, to be followed by R KKt, can j be played, giving White a strong posi- j tion and some attacking chances. Very j interesting and quite agreeable continu- ations for White would have arisen had Berlin, instead of the text move, con- tinued with 13 Kt B5; 14. BxKt, PxB; 15. P K5, etc. If now PxP; 16. KtxP. PxKt; 17. KtxB and, if 15 PxKt, PxKt is also favorable to White. (f) The position of the Black Bishop on R4 seems dangerous now. (g) Very much in consideration here was the move Q K2, principally to give the Bishop on Kt3 a chance of re- treat in case White should proceed with Kt B4. Black, however, already had the intention of sacrificing the Bishop, which actually took place on his nine- teenth move. (h) White now threatens P KKt4 and, as natural continuations for Black, two Knights' moves came in consider- ation, namely Kt -B5 and Kt K2. Variations: A. If Kt B5; 19. BxKt, PxB; 20. Kt B4, B Kt3 (P KB4 leads to noth- ing: If, however, P Q4; 21. PxQP, B Kt3; 22. Q Q2, PxQP, [if BxB, P Q6]; 23. KtxB, PxKt or QxKt; 24. B Kt3, with the better game for White); 21. Q Q2, P KB4; 22. Qx BP, PxKP; 23. QxQP, winning a B. If 18.... Kt K?- D mo < :f o K m; 20 rxBP, KtxBP; 21. P KKit, KtxB; 22. KtxKt, PxP; 23. Q R7ch, K B2; 24. Kt B5, with a won game); 20. KtxB, PxKt, and White would have the better game with two Bishops against Kt and B. Hav- ing these variations in mind. Black takes the welcome opportunity of sacri- ficing the Bishop in order to get a strong and lasting attack. If the latter did not finally succeed, it was because White owed his safety to the move 21. Q QB3, the consequences of which Black failed to give the necessary con- sideration. (i) The intention of this move is very 27 difficult to find and discernable only after a close study of the position. (ji Or 19 P QB4; 20. PxQP, KPxP; 21. Kt-B4, PxB; 22. P\B, etc. If 21 RxR; 22. KtxR, PxKt; 23. P - QB4. to be followed by PxB. (k) The only saving move for \Vhite. In order to demonstrate the great strength of Black's attack the following variations are given : I. If, for instance. PxQP, RxB; 22. QxR, PxP: 23. Q Q3 (or Q K4 or Q Kt3), QxB; 24. QxQ. P QGch ; 25. K R? PxQ; 26. PxB, Kt B5, and the Pawn on B7 is so strong that White, in order to prevent his queening, must give back the exchange, thereby obtain- ing the inferior position. II. If 21. PxB. PxQP; 22. B B2, Kt B5: 23. B--KKt3. QxB; 24. QxQ, P QGch: 25. K R, PxQ; 26. BxKt, P Q5, and the advanced united passed Pawns are fully an equivalent for the piece and even the Rook, which White could gain by B Q6. The posi- tion is highly interesting. III. If 21. PxBP, BxBP; 22. BxB (if 22. PxB, Kt B5), QxBch; 23. K R. Kt B5, to be followed by B Kt3. Only the most instructive variations have been selected here. To enumerate all of the other pitfalls, which are con- cealed in the position, would lead us too far afield. The study of this extraordi- narily fruitful and interesting position is left to the study of the reader. (1) Perhaps best. If 21 .. .PxQP; 22. QxQ, BxQ; 23. BxQP. Kt B5; 24. B B5 is plainly favorable for White. (m) At last White is enabled to ac- cept the sacrifice; still, White has to be very careful in order to make use of his numerical advantage. (ni If R-QB instead. White has a good reply in K R. (o) Of course not R B2. on account of the threatening RxRP. (p) The last skyrocket of the fire- works staged by Black. If White should now make the natural move PxP, then RxR: 29. Q-R7ch. K B; 30. Q R8ch, K K2; 31. RxRch, Q-K6ch. and the perfidious sacrifice of the Queen can at best yield only a draw for White. Quite charming. (q) Now PxP can be ventured safely. (r) Even other moves cannot save the game. (s) At last the Knight, which has been nailed on Q2, gets inio play again. The piece, however, becomes active so quick- ly as to decide the issue of the game at once. Game No. 9 Queen's Gambit Declined. (By Telegraph, between the Riga and Moscow Chess Clubs. December. 1909. to Februarv, 1911). Moscow. White: 1 P Q4 2. Kt- KB3 3. P-B4 4. PxQP(b) Riga. Black: P Q4 P K3 P-QB4(a> KPxP Moscow. White: Kt B3 P KKt3(c) B KKt5(d) KtxP Riga. Black Kt QB3 Kt B3! PxP 28 Position After White's 8th Move Black (Riga) Fourteen Pieces. * '^S^ - : ~>y j~jPj '''. ^ ' ^* ^ I i itt i ^': : , i ^ y^ ; :. B '/!''%>%<:>'',, 9 1 ' . A 4 ?;X/ fll ^ , : 2 ; jm V X>U,: -*v. ^ <4'Vi 'JS? 1 5 w ,s.l H MJ White (Moscow) Fourteen Pieces. 8. ... B QB4(e) 14. R B B Q3(l) 9. KtxKt(f) PxKt 15. Q R4(m) B Q2 10, P K3 P KR3 16. R B2(n) Q Kt3 11. BxKt(g) QxB 17. P K4?(o) P R5 12. B K2(h) R QKt(i) 18. B B3 PxKtP 13. Castles (j) p__KR4(k) 19. BPxP(p) 19. ... 20. Kt K2(r) 21. RxB(s) Position After White's 19th Move Black (Riga) Eleven Pieces. t :, 1 a s* i i D White (Moscow) -Eleven Pieces. RxRP(q) B B4ch RxKt 22. BxR(t) 23. K R QxPch 29 Position After White's 23rd Move: Black (Riga) Nine Pieces. White (Moscow) - Eight Pieces. 23. K K2 30. R KtTch(bb) K Q3 24. B- -R5(u) Q R5ch(v) 31. PxP P B5 25. K Kt Q Kt4ch 32. R K Q R5ch 26. K-B2 RxPch 33. K B P B6 27. R B2(w) P QB4!(x) 34. R K4 Q Kt6 28. RxR BxQ(y) 35. RxBP(cc) B - Kt4ch 29. B B3(z) Q B3(aa) Resigns (a) Anent the value of this counter gambit, adopted during recent years, the opinions of experts differ. While some of them consider this continuation among the best defenses for the Queen's Gambit, others consider it utterly wrong and think that its usefulness will never be proven by theoretical examinations. | These directly opposite views have al- ready brought forward any amount of \ analysis, pro and con, and it has been i impossible, so far, to bring about a j reconciliation between the hostile breth- ren in arms. Arrayed against the P - QB4 move is Dr. Bernstein, a member of the Moscow consulting party, and hence Riga had to be on its guard. (b) If Kt B3 at once, a position arises, about which the learned chess tacticians are not in unison, either. (c) In order to menace still more the already much attacked QP, at the same time compelling Black to show his hand. This, however, is not at all easv. 6. ... Kt B3; 7. B Kt5 would apparently make B K3 necessary in order to pro- tect the QP and would make things very difficult for Black. If 6. , . . PxP; 7. Ktx P, Q - Kt3, recommended by Dr. Krause. Black exposes himself to dangers, which seem almost unsurmountable. while. after 6. . . .BPxP; 7. KtxP, B B4 is not to be recommended on account of S, Kt Kt3. In spite of all. Black did con- tinue with Kt B3. (d* This strong looking attack is 30 nevertheless disproved by the subsequent play. It is not maintained, however, that the whole variation of P KKt3 falls to the ground. Instead of B Kt5, 7. B K2 could have been played and that j seems to be the correct play. In this case Black intended to play Kt K5 as rejoinder. (e) A novel move, which proves to be pretty good. If now 9. Kt - Kt3, BxPch ; 10. KxB. Kt KtSch. to be followed by QxB. It. onjJie other hand, 9. P K3. ! BxKt: 10. Pjflft 'Castles, and Black has the better game. (f) The question whether P K3 should be played instead remains open. It is not easy to arrive at a decision. After the text move. Black has a well protected Queen's Pawn, the open Queen's file for the Rook and a good at- tack, which more than equalizes the weakness of the QBP. (g) If B -B4 instead, then Q K2 and the two threats of P Kt4 and P Q5 cannot in the long run be parried. (h) The cosy spot on Kt2, which was reserved for the Bishop, while losing a tempo, unfortunately cannot be taken possession of. For if 12. B Kt2. R QKt; 13. Castles, B-R3; 14. R K, Rx P, etc. Or 13. Q -K2, KB R6. etc. Or, finally, 13. Q Q2 or QB2, B R3. etc. (i) Besides the text move, by means of which Riga wanted to induce the ad- versaiies to castle, in order to be able to proceed with the attack on the King's wing, as subsequently really happened, 12... Castles or P Q5 came into con- sideration here, when the following in- teresting variation would have resulted: 13. Kt K4, B KtSch; 14. K B, B R6ch; 15. K Kt. Now one would be- lieve that White is lost, but such is not the case. After Q K2; 16. QxP, R Q; 17. Q -B4 (of course not QxKtP, on account of the rejoinder QxKt; 18. QxR ch, K K2, and Black wins), White, with a Pawn plus, stands very good. (j) Inasmuch as White would get a better game with the variation 13. . . B R6: 14. R K, RxP; 15. Kt R4, B Q Kt5; 16. KtxR, BxR; 17. QxB, QxKt; 18. R Kt. Q K4; 19. Q Kt4, Moscow thought the text move could be made with impunity. (k) Only after very exhaustive analy- sis, Black decided upon proceeding with this attack, which transformed the rela- tively quiet situation into a devastated battlefield at once. (1) Or B Kt3; 15. Q R4. B Q2 ; 16. Q KB4, and \X'hite forces the ex- change of Queens. Black still would have had a better game, but a decisive advantage was scarcely in sight. (m) Doubtless one of the best con- tinuations, which certainly upsets the in- tended attack of Black. From the many variations, which here came into con- sideration for White, we like to point out 15. P--B4. Of course, the KP would have remained weak, but it would have been very difficult for Black to get a tangible advantage therefrom, for, first, in reply to B QB4, 16. KtxP, Q Q3 ; 17. Kt B7ch. QxKt: 18. RxB would 31 have been a mistake. And, second, on account of 16. P-K4, with a strong attack, it would have been diffi- cult for Black to demonstrate anything at all by playing Q K2. Finally, on ac- count of 16. KtxQP, RxKtP could not be recommended for Black. (n) In order to cover both the points QKt2 and KR2. (o) Not the best move. White does not see the destructive Rook sacrifice on the nineteenth move. Much better would have been 17. R Q2. In that case, Black had the choice of playing 17. P R5, whereupon White would have played B Q3, which would have necessitated the surrender of the Queen's Rook's Pawn in return for a strong attack, or 17. B QB4, with a safe game. (p) If RPxP, the game is also lost, on account of B QB4. (q) This telling shot, fired as it were from a heavy gun, totally tears asunder the cornerstone of the position. (r) Probably the best under the cir- cumstances. Accepting the sacrifice would have been equivalent to the in- stantaneous loss of the game, viz., 20. RxR, QxPch; 21. R Kt2, B B4ch ; 22. R(B[) B2 (if K^R, Q R6ch and mate next move), BxRch; 23. K B, QxB, etc. Or 20. KxR, QxPch; 21. K R, K K2, etc. Of course, the text move gives Black a chance to force the win by a series of additional surprising sacrifices. (s) Forced; for, if KxR, Q R3ch fol- lows, and the mating net will soon be complete. (t) If P-KKt4, Q Q3, etc. (u) Even this desperate defense does not suffice any longer. (v) Of course not 24. .. R KR, on ac- count of 25. RxPch, K K; 26. R B5 ch, etc. (w) Again forced. The seemingly ap- parent move, B K2, cannot be played, on account of Q B5ch, which would lead to a mate in a few moves. (x) The decisive final maneuver. (y) Of course it was high time now to give up the game, for it cannot be conceived what further measures could be taken to save the game, but between heaven and earth there are things un- dreamed of in our philosophy. (z) The cipher telegram containing this move was read by Black BxBP (it was all the same what White did). In order to finish the game as quickly as possible, Black answered 29 . . Q B3ch, (aa) In answer to this intended check White answered with 30. R Kt7ch. (bb) The case was decided by the referee, to whom Riga applied, in favor of Moscow, and the game had to be continued with 29...Q B3. Fortun- ately, the game is already won for Black and the error, which really has nothing to do with the chess itself, could not in- fluence the result of the game. (cc) Or 35. B K2, P B7; 36. R- QB4. Q B5ch; 37. R 27. QxRch 28. Q B7 29. Q KtSch 30. P R5(u) (a) The so-called McCutcheon De- fense. It is decidedly one of the strongest continuations at this stage of the game, but, like all other variations in the French Defense, gives White the freer game. The McCutcheon variation was considered very good by Tarrasch. previous to his match with Lasker. (b) This continuation, in connection with BxKt, was also selected by Lasker in his match with Tarrasch. Very inter- esting is here the move recommended by Tschigorin: 5. P K5, P KR3: 6. PxKt. PxB: 7. P\P, R Kt. with va- Q B2!!(r) 31. Kt K5(v) K R3 RxR 32. Kt B6 QKKt2 Q KKt2 33. P B4(w) Kt Q2(x) RxR 34. Q QB8 Q Kt7ch Q-B 35. K R3 Q K7 Q K2 36. QxKt Q B8ch Kt B(t) 37. K R2 Q B7ch K Kt2! Drawn bv perpe tual check. rious continuations for White. Black, however, gets a solid and secure game, if he makes the strongest moves in each instance. (c) If PxB at once, White continues Q--Q2 and thereby avoids getting a double QBP, the only weakness in his position. (d) The development of Black's B on the Queen's wing, White can only cor- rectly reply to bv imitating the good example on the King's side of the board. All other tries to develop the B are in this position insufficient. 34 (e) The only correct defense for the QBP, as B R3 was not to be feared. Much weaker would have been Q Q2. (f) The exchange of Bishops is al- most forced; the only other move which could perhaps come into consideration here was Kt KR4. If he had played anything else, say KR K, P B5 would have been the rejoinder. As this Pawn could never be taken, on account of R QB, the Pawn would subsequently be like a thorn in the flesh on the Queen's wing. (g) While Black might have castled at once, R B could not be played here on account of Kt B4. (h) A boldly ventured advance of a Pawn, which later on in the game ren- dered excellent service to White. (i) This attacking move, which first of all wins a Pawn by Kt K4; Q K3, KtxBP, to be followed by Q Q4ch, must not be underrated by White. Un- satisfactory would be avoidance of the [ threat by the seemingly natural contin- uation, P B4, in which case Black would answer with P K4. If then 18. PxP, KtxKP, and White cannot prevent the loss of a Pawn through tactics sim- ilar to those pointed out above. ij) After considerable study the White allies adopted the text move, which is perfectly safe, and all the more so because the move increases the chances of later being able to tear open the Q's file by means of P Q5, which was already thought of, when playing P QB4. If Black should now reply with Kt K4; 18. Q K4. (k) Now Black again has the old threat of Kt K4. (1) Q K3 at once came here into consideration, but White wanted to pre- vent Black's P QKt4, which would have weakened the position consider- ably. (m) Black already lacks really good continuations. The text move enables White to enter with the Queen into the weakened King's camp of the enemy. (n ) P Q5, Kt B; 20. Q K3 would have led to the position arrived at later on. (o) The beginning of a very inten- sive attack, to which Black finds an equally intensive defense. (q) Of course not PxP, which would have torn open entirely the chain of those Pawns, already weakened, and would have given White too great con- trol of the King's side of the board. The text move was made to bring the Q into play again. (D An excellent and not apparent defense. The Q gets thus to KKt2. In- sufficient would have been the following continuations: (at Q K2; 24. QxQ, Kt\Q; 25. RxRch. RxR; 26. R K. to he followed by Kt Kt5. when a loss ot a Pawn could not have been avoided: (hi 23 RxR; 2-1. RxR. QxBP (if Q K2; 25. QxQ. KtxQ; 2(. R Q7, to he followed by Kt -Kt5);*25. 1' KIM (much stronger than R Q7 at once. whereupon Black would have got a sure draw bv Q B3; 26. RxQRP. R QR 1 ), O Kt5; 26. R -Q7. QxQ; 27. KtxQ, Kt B; 28. RxQRP and White has the superior game. is) One has to pay attention to the following variations: 2(i. P R5, Kt - B; 27. P---Rt3 (Q B4 also came strong- ly heie into consideration), QxQ; 28. KtxQ. now of course. R.xQBP. on ac- count of 2l. R Q8, R B3; 30. P KB4 would have beeen insufficient. Black, however, plays 2s. . . .P K4, if now 2L>. R Q5 (besti. RxQBP; 30. RxKP (R 08 could now not be essayed on account of R B5). R QB5: 31 K' K7. R KKt3!!; 32. P KB-!. P QR5 OR 4. and Black ha? a good de- fenst . (ti \\'hite's uame still looks very promising, inasmuch. a> the Q h protect the Pawns on the Queen's wing and \Vhite can bring his Knight via K5 to BO. However, this is not very easy, as there are considerable difficulties in the way. (il) It Kt K5 instead. Black had the defense P P>5 at his disposal. If now *1. Kt Kt4. then P KR4 (if PxP, Q\P. with advantage to White) ; if, how- ever, 31. Kt BO, Q B4; 32. KtxRP, : QxBP; 33. QxKBP. QxQRP, with a probable draw. i (v) Perhaps Q B4 could also have been played. (w) Leads most quickly to a decision. On account of the exchange of Queens. QxRP would have led to nothing tan- gible. KtxRP instead came very much into consideration. However, on ac- count of the following variations White did not n thai move : 33 . . KxP : 34. QxP. Kt Kt3; 35. K R2, Kt K4 (if P R5: 3 i, Kt B6, PxPch; 57. PxP) : 5(i. (7xi\I'' Kt P.'ich (Kt Kt5ch would j ' li iunt of K Kt2 1 : 57 . K Kt2. (\i Kt5 (stronger than Kt R5ch ) : 58. (j K7 (in order to proven! K t R5 Ji i . Kt i x i If KxP; 34. Q (J- Kt .;;' : . : Kt i\ - ' : ^~* . Q K tch, K Ki5; 5r,. Q Ktrch. K B2 : 57. () KTch. i" be followed hv 58. (JxKPch. 36 (By Telegraph Game No. 11 Double Ruy Lopez. between the Riga and Berlin Chess Clubs, December, 1911, to February, 1913). Riga. Berlin. Riga. Berlin. White: Black: White. Black. 1. P-K4 P K4 13. Q R5 B Kt3 2. Kt KB3 Kt -QB3 14. B Q5 B Kt5 3. B Kt5 P QR3 15. QxB(f) QxB 4. B- R4 Kt B3 16. B R6 Q^-K4 5. Castles KtxP 17. PxP P K6(g) 6. P Q4 P QKt4(a) 18. B B4 Q K5 7. B -Kt3 P --Q4 19. Q B3 P KB4(h) 8. P_QR4(b) KtxQP 20. KR Kli) QxP 9. KtxKt PxKt 21. PxP P Q6(j) 10. P.\P(C) B QB4 22. R R3(k) P Q7 11. Kt -B3(d) Castles 23. R Q<1) K R(m) 12. KtxKt(e) PxKt Position After XX'hite's 23rd Move . i ' ' Black (Riga) --Ten Pieces. * z " '" * ' ft ' 'ii' if ^ S ill ; A -v . XX'hite (Berlin) Ten Pieces. 24. P QKt4 P B3 28. PxB RxP 25. P Kt3 R3 RxQ RxR 41. Q Q7 R RiJdi QxQP P\P 42. K Kt2 R R7ch Q -Q5 R(R8)xP 43. K Kt(w) R(R3i R4 QxKtP(s) R R7ch(t) 44. PxP R KtT K-R3(u) R(R7) R4 Resigns Q Q7 P R3 (a) (5. . .PxP; 7. R K. P Q4; S. Kt xP, B Q3, would give the continuation known as the Riga Variation, due orig- inally to Professor Bohl. (b) These moves were formerly re- gai ded as favoring \Vhite, for after the regulation reply 8....R -QKt; i). PxP, PxP, he retained the open Rook's file and some attack. The move 8; P Q4 in tuin lost its terrors when Schlechter. in his match against Lasker, restored 8. . . KtxQP from obscurity and showed its full value. Some theorists, however, in contrariety to nature adopted the old variant 8. PxP (instead of P QR4i. with the suggestion that after 8...B K3; !). P B3, B K2 ; 10. R K, Cas- tles. \Vhite, hy means of 11. Kt Q4. can obtain the superiority. Next came the Breslau Variation, viz., 11. KtxKP; and it White essays to win the piece by 12. P- B3, then B Q3 ; 13. PxKt. X:- KtS, with a very troublesome attack. (c) If 10. QxP. B K3; 1 !. PxP, B Q3: 12. QxKtP. K Q2, and Black has a strong attack. It the Berger Varia- tion. 10. Kt B3. is played. Black re- plies KtxKt; ! 1. PxKt. P OB 1 (Dr. Tarrasch) ; 12. PxKt P. B K2. and Black stands well. (d) To 11. P QB.v Castles; 12. Px QP (plaved hy Lasker against Sehlech- teri, Riga had in view the reph 12.. . B OKtr-. which would he the mean. oi exerting great pressure up m the \\ I 1 im- position . ie) 12. KtxP wuuld natural Iv be h;:d. on account of B Kt2. Bla^k now has j stronu centre. in i'!u suggestion made by Alapin thai 15. Q Ktl would here have equal- ized matters i:- doubtful, as P Kti would \.. with the better game for Black. tg! 1: ;. natuially hard to say if this was the strongest continuation, but it o a garni of extreme interest and or rich in combinations. Equally good Y.T.S F KB4. (I; 1 The apparent advantage to Black xJiange of the Queens :n dissipated, viz.. 19... QxQ; 2 -. PxQ, P K7; 21. KR -K. KR K; X'hite threatens with P KB-!. K Kt2 and B3 to win the pre- carii L's Pawn an K7. i'i V hite, of course, dare not ex- . han .: ; . on account of 20. .. Px Q; H. PxP. PxP, and then P K7. m \ >-; 21. QxKtP, Black, it is true. win ;; Pawn, but would have no '/ e . This move It-ads to far-reaching ns X\'orth considering here r 22. KR ,QB. RxP (if QxP, 23. Q llowed hy QxP) : 23 () Q5ch, '; :-;. RxQ RxR.ch; 27. R B. RxR . K B2. XX'hite's position is not .7:7 ed. but it is cv.ii ; find a direct win for Black. I i T! . : eedingly '',' 23... QxP, Black would be . , : a strong attack i R Q3, <7> ( v )5ch. and B K^i: and if iie played 23 R Of to prevent Q Q5ch. to be !o!lov.-fd by RxP. XX'hitc would play i : K = . ' A \ .'11-calculated move, \\ p h.ich >e-. urcs the Black position bui - the opportunity foi various -sibiiities. Thus in answer 7 come 1 ' B5 ; 25. I-' \ KBl>. and it is no longei" \ . tlu Bishop. (n) hirst, in order to give the XX'hitc King more liberty, and, second, to pre- vent P B5 in case the White Bishop should move; K R'might be considered. to) The apparent strength of this line of play does not materialize in the actual result, but with 29. Q Kt3, QxQ (Q- K5 is also possible) : 30. RxQ. R.xRP, we should have a Pawn ending, in which Black would retain his extra Pawn, viz., 31. R- Kt2. K Kt; 32. RxP. RxR; 33. RxR. K B2, etc. If 29. R B3, Q R5; 30. RxP, R K5 would involve White in the loss of a Rook. (p) If 30. P KtG. R KSch; 31. K - Kt2. RxR: 32. P Kt7, R KtSch; 33. K -R3. R K; 34. P -R7. P QS(Q) : 35. P.-B8(Q). Q KtToh. etc. iq) For this move, threatening to ex- change the Queen for the t\vo Rooks "the only remedy is death 7' in As illustrating- the peculiar fea- tures of the position, he dare not pla\ 32. QxQBP. on account of R O; 33. Q QKtl) or B7, R K', and White can nnlv extricate himself from the mating net bv the loss of material. is; 35. QxBP would seem to Black trouble, but he would be able eventually to Queen the KtP. The text move leads to an interesting ending ol O against two Rooks, in which Black, thanks to his BP ; i . protection to hi^ King, is decidedly in the ascendant. it) It was not possible to find another winning continuation for Bhuk. Both the White Pawns must first be disabled. (u) If 37. K B3. then RxP; 38. Qx P, Ri R7i R7. followed hy P R3. and XX'hitc cannot pi event the laU of his re- maining Pawn before the concerted on- slaught of his opponent's Rooks. iv) If 40. K Kt2. then R R7ch ; 41. K - R3, R KB7, andR(R) R7, etc. If Rooks on the seventh rank and he plays a waiting move, such as 40. O Q7. the answer would be R B 1 ; 41. () Kti, RiRf) R4; 42. Q K2. R K4; 43. would be R(R3) Rtieh; i 1. K Bi K' Q QB2. R K5, followed by RiR4) B7ch ; 45. K K5. R K. winning tl K4 and R K7. Black then doubles his Ou.een. (ianiH No. 12 Double Ruy Lopt:/. (By Telegraph, between the Riga and Berlin Chess Qubs. December. August, 1913). Berlin. Riga. Beilin. Riea. White. Black. White: Black 1. P K4 P K4 [) B QB4(b) B QR4ic 2. Kt KB3 Kt -QB3 10 K R i P B.^ 3. Kt B3 Kt - B3 11 KtxKteh PxKt 4. B Kt5 B--Kt5 12 B KR(i P Q4(d) 5. Castles Castles 13 P B3 R K 6. P Q3 P Q3 14 PxKt! PxB 7. B Kt5 B Kt5(a) 15 PxQBPie) P KB4 8. Kt Q5 Kt Q5 Position After Black 's 15th Move. Black (Riga) - Thii teen Pieces. WJ t-j + I i i ft t i -,- 1 i 1 . g g g 1 '''', A I -?. A It ' w 1 vl, White (i.->enin) rourteen Pieces. 16. KPxP(f) P-K5 22. Kt Rflch K Bi j i 17. R KKt B B2(g) 23. Kt Kt4(k 0\B 18. 19. Q QBj(h) B Kt5 BxBP 24. P B3(i) 25. (1\<1 PxO Kt B6| R K2 20. Kt R4 QxP 26. QR K B K4(iii) 21. KtxB Q K4 27. KtxKP BxKtP 40 KtxP RxR R - Q ( n ) KtxPch 32. Kt Kt5(p 33. P KR4(q) 34. PxB QR K RxR R K7(o) K Kt B B3 BxKt RxBP iai Played in order to avoid the usual continuations Q K2 and Kt K2 with BxKt, which are not very satis- factory to the theoreticians. The text move is not quite new. The variations arising therefrom, as intimated by Ed. Lasker. a member of the Berlin con- sulting party, in Deutsches Wochen- schach, were known to the Berliners since 1907 and have been analyzed by Dr. B. Lasker, Ed. Lasker and Moll. For this reason, the Riga con- sulting party, which at the beginning of the fight was quite innocent of all these variations, had a hard battle to fight and. as it were, had to feel its way. The move 7....B KKt5, attracted the at- tention of the chess world at large after the beginning of this game and, after Dr. Tarrasch had examined the move more closely and then recommended it as equalizing the position, and after other theoreticians, such as Dr. Krause, Dr. B. Lasker and Alapin, had taken part in lively and interesting controversy on this particular move. In spite of all that was said and written, a definite conclusion as regards the merits of this move cannot he arrived at. (b) Here the following interesting variation came into consideration: 9. KtxKtch, PxKt; 10. B R6, KtxB; II. BxR. OxB; 12. P QR4, Kt Q5 : 13. K R. K R; 14. P B3. KtxKt; 15. PxKt, B RH; 16. R ' Kt. B QR4 (it 35. R Q7 36. RxP 37. K R2 38. RxP 39. R QB7 40. RxP RxRP R R5 RxP R B4 RxP Drawn B QB4; 17. P Q4, PxP; 18. P QKt4 and White is the exchange to the good; moreover, the Black Pawns are rather weak); 17. P KB4, B Q2 (otherwise P B5 would win the B on R6) ; 18. Q R5, PQB3; 19. P B5 and White gets a winning attack by Q R4 and R Kt3. The best move for Black after 9. Ktx Ktch, PxKt; 10. B R6, KtxKtch; 11. PxKt, B R6; 12. BxR, QxB, etc. (c) Although Dr. Tarrasch has a con- trary view in the matter, the text move is the only possible continuation. With B B4, White, after 10. K R, obtains the better game, as shown by Professor Bohl and Dr. Krause, who discovered this simultaneously. Whether White could get an advantage with 10. Q Q2 has to be left an open question for the present, as the analysis has not been worked out. We do not give any vari- ations here, as Berlin stated that they would probably publish them after the conclusion of the game. (See Deutsches Wochenschach, 1912, No. 52). In answer to 9. B4-B4, Lasker recom- mends the counter demonstration for Black, Q Q2. Dr. Krause, however, has the following variation in reply: 10. KtxKtch, PxKt; 11. BxKBP, P KR3; 12. P QB3, KtxKtch; 13. PxKt, B KR4; 14. K R; K R2 ; 15. RKKt. R-KKt; 16. R-Kt3, R Kt3; 17. B R4, and White can become aggressive by means of P Q4, B -KB. B R3 and B B5. (d) Excellent play. After 13. BxR, 41 KxB; Black would get a very dangerous attack, as for instance: 14. B Kt3, Px P; 15. P.\P, KtxKt; 16. PxKt, QxQ, to he followed by BxBP; or 14. PxP, PxP; 15. B Kt3, B B2; 1(5. P B3, Q Q3. etc.; and finally, 14. P B3, KtxKtch; 15. PxKt. B R4; 16. B Kt3. P KB4, and Black gets an all-powerful attack. (e) Seemingly, White has the better position, for after PxP; 16. QxP, QxQ (if BxKt, simply PxB, and if QxQ, R Ktch, etc.); 17. KtxQ, and Black dare not capture the KP, because of 18. Kt- Kt3, R K4; 19. B -B4 and wins, nor can Black equalize matters with B-- Kt3, on account of the rejoinder, Kt KB5. Black, however, finds a strong counter attack and, as White tries to parry the onslaught, matters become highly interesting and compli- cated. (f) Extraordinary circumstances de- mand extraordinary means. (g) As will readily be seen, Black cannot take the Kt, either now or later, and cannot play K R! on account of the threatening Kt K5. (h) Why not the more apparent move Q- Q2? This question is answered by the following variations: 18. Q Q2, BxBP; (a) 19. Kt 1C B -K3 (wrong would be BxRP, on account of 20. P-KKt4); 20. B Kt5, Q Q3;21. P KKt3, BxQBP; 22. B KB4, to he followed hv BxB and QxB. White has only a draw left. Or (b) 19. P KKt4, B K3; 20. P Q5, Q B3 (everything else would be had); 21. Kt -Q4, PxP; 22. Kt B5 (threatening B Kt7). PxP; 23. B Kt7, P K6, and Black, after 24. PxP, QR Q, gets the better game. The text move was chosen to maintain the attack and also guurd the QBP. (i) If Q Q3; P B5 follows. (j) The only move. In reply to K Kt2, BxPch and Kt Kt4 would have followed. (k) With P KB4, PxP e.p.; 24. Kt Kt4, QxB; 25. Q B3, P B7. White would not achieve anything. (1) White now sets out to recover his extra pawn. In order to accomplish this he has, however, to weaken his posi- tion somewhat, and it is. therefore, a great question whether it would not have been more advisable to double the rooks on the King's file or to continue to play for an attack hv R- Q, mean- while abandoning the idea of winning a pawn However, the resulting end game is very interesting. (m) The tempting continuation, B Kt3, would have been favorable for White, as for instance: 27. RxP, R KB2; 28. R Kt), BxBP; 29. R KB, QR -Q; 30. P -KKt4, and now R -Q7 can not be played on account of the threatening mate by means of R K8ch and Kt - R5ch. (n) Probably best. White intends to make the position solid by Kt-B3 and R -Q2. In consideration also came the rather adventurous 30. P KB3, in order to block the R with Kt K4. The following continuation would probably then have resulted: 30. P KB3. R -- Q5; 31. R Q, R K7; 32. KtxRPch. into consideration); 33. Kt Kt5 Rx RP; 34. Kt Kt>. R Rv 35. R\R. Bx R; 36. Kr OS. P QKt4: 37. KrxRP, PxP: 38. K Kt. P R6 iR Ri- is also possible): 39. Kr (VI. I 1 QR4; 40. K R2. P R5; 41. Kt B2. R - Kt7: 42. K K2. P R6; 13. Kr Kt4 42 and now sacrifices the Kt for both Pawns, remaining with three pawns against the B. (o) There were also other aggressive lines of play at the disposal of Black, which could not so easily he defended, as tor instance P QR4. The pawn could then advance to its sixth square, whereupon the advance of the QKtP was threatening. Whether White would then have got more than a draw is questionable. (pi The lack af Pawns on the King's side of the board is not very tangible. On the other hand White with his broken up Queen's wing is also much handicapped. (q) With P KB4 (if RxRP; 34. Kt - K4) White could still make a try for a win. Such a course, considering the strength of Black's Pawns, would have had its risks. After the text move both sides seemed anxiously intent on a draw. 43 PART II MISCELLANEOUS GAMES. While engaged in the translation of the match games, which constitute the first part of this volume, it occurred to the editors to include a number of first- class correspondence games, which had been recorded in the pages of the "Bal- tische Schachblaetter," with valuable an- notations. Accordingly, the committee of the Riga Chess Club was invited to make suggestions and a ready response thereto resulted in the fine games which appear in the pages following. Carl Behting figures in the majority of them, notably in match games with Tschigorin and Niemzowitsch, representatives of the old and new Russian schools, respec- tively. A game played in a correspond- ence tournament by a son of the late Count Tolstoi (himself a chess player of no mean ability) is not the least interest- ing of the collection. 44 Game No. 13 French Defense. (By Correspondence, between M. I. Tschigorin, St. Petersburg, and C. Behtinj Riga, in the Fifth Tournament of "Nowoje Wremja," January to October, 1900). Tschigorin. White: 1. P K4 2. Q K2 3. P KB4 4. PxP 5. Q-Q3 6. PxP(b) 7. Kt K2 8. KtxKt(c) 9. P B3 10. B K2 11. Q B3! 12. P Q4 13. BxQ 14. Kt Q2 15. Kt K4 16. B Q2 17. Castles 18. Kt Kt5 19. QR K 20. B K4! Behting. Black: P K3 Kt QB3(a) P Q4 Kt Q5 P K4 QxP B QB4 BxKt QxPch B Kt3(d) Q B3(e) QxQ Kt K2 P QB3 B B2 B B4 CastlesQR KR B(f) R Q2 BxB (a) A move first played by Lasker in answer to Tschigorin's novel move in the French Defense. Best, however, seems to be to proceed at once with 2 ... P K4, in order to prevent 3. P KB4. The loss of time for Black by playing first P K3 and then P K4 is not so great, inas- much as the White Q could not possibly stay long on K2. ( b ) Considering the threat of B KB4 perhaps the best. (O Again B B4 was threatening. (d) After the original and somewhat weird opening, the atmosphere begins to clear a hit. It seems as if Black has the freer development, hut the further Tschigorin. Behting. White: Black: 21. RxB Kt Kt3(g) 22. P KR4 P B3 23. Kt K6 R K 24. P R5 Kt B 25. Kt B5(h) RxR 26. KtxR P KR3 27. BxRP(i) PxB 28. RxP Kt R2 29. RxRP R K2 30. P KKt3.(j) RxKt 31. RxKt BxP 32. P R6 R R5 33. R R8ch(k) K B2 34. P R7 B B5 35. K B.' B B8 36. P Kt3 B Kt7 37. R K8 RxRP 38. R K3 R R7 39. R Q3 B R6 Resigns progress of the play shows that White can at least get an even game. (e) An analysis will show that in other continuations, for instance. 1 1 ... Kt B3, White, with 12. P Q4, to be followed by castling, would get an ex- cellent attacking game. (fi On account of 19. B K4. B K Kt3 would not have been good. (gi Things have evened themselves up, for White cannot continue KtxRP, on account of the rejoinder, R R, fol- lowed by BxPch. (h) Or KtxKt, RxKt, followed by P Rfi, P KKt3, with an even game. (i) In order to avoid a draw, Tschi- gorin resolves to sacrifice his Bishop, a sacrifice which is as obvious as it is correct. (j) In forwarding this move Tschi- gorin wrote to his adversary that it was very difficult to decide which of the three moves at his disposal would turn out the best, whether K B2, Kt Qb'ch or the text move. The text move proved to be the least advantageous and is prob- ably based on a mistake, inasmuch as Black could accept the sacrifice of the Pawn without any harm. The best move perhaps would have been K B2, which would have given Black a very difficult game to handle. (k) Probably White had intended to play R Kt7, instead of the text move, in order to continue with Pawn to R7 after Black's withdrawal of the Bishop, but he overlooked that the Bishop could save his bacon by checking on R7 and then the White KRP would have been lost. Game No. 14 Ruy Lopez. (By Correspondence, between C. Behting, Riga, and M. I. Tschigorin, St. Peters- burg, in the Fifth Tournament of "Nowoje Wremja," January, 1900. to May, 1901). Behting. Tschigorin. Behting. Tschigorin. White: Black: White: Black. 1 P K4 P K4 12. PxP KtxP 2. Kt~KB3 Kt --QB3 13. Castles CastlesQR 3. B Kt5 P QR3 14. R K P-KB3 4. B R4 Kt B3 15. Kt--Q4(e) Q-Q2 5. Kt B3 P QKt4 16. Kt Kt3 KtxKt 6. B Kt3 B K2 17. BxKt P KR4(f) 7. P Q3 (a) B Kt2 18. P Q4 Q B3 8. P QR4(b) P Kt5 19. P KB3 P- Kt4 9. Kt Q5 Kt QR4 20. Q Q3 Kt K2igi 10. KtxB QxKt(c) 21. Q K2 RxP 11. B R2(d) P Q4 Position After Black's 21st Move. Black Thirteen Pieces. ' ''"'' <&!) it? M~! STi 6 & > i ' -a- i . & 4 * 1 * a , *V j ^ ./. -* B & * \Vhirt Twelve 46 22. BxP(h) 23. P B3 24. PxP 25. B B2 26. B B 27. B K4 28. Q.\B 29. Qfc Kt 30. R Kt2 31. Q-R7(j) 32. B-K3 33. QR K2 34. QxP 35. Q B7?(k) 36. P B4 37. PxP 38. RxR 39. R K 40. Q R7 Kt B4(i) PxP R Q3 Q-Q2 R KKt BxB Q K3 Kt K2 Q-Q4 Q B4ch QxP K Q2 P B3 R Kt R Kt7 RxR QxP Q-Q4 Q-Q6 41. Q R5 R Q4 42. Q Kt4ch Q B4 43. Q Kt4(l) R K4 44. R Qch(m) K K 45. B Q4 Q Kt5! 46. Q KtSch K B2 47. Q Kt3ch R Q4 48. P R3 Q K3 49. B B2 RxRch 50. QxR Q B5 51. Q-Q4 QxQ 52. BxQ Kt B4 53. B R(n) K K3 54. K B2 P B4 55. P Kt4 Kt K2 56. K K3 P B4 57. PxPch(o) KtxPch 58. K B4 Kt K2 1 59. K K4(p) Drawn l'a) The continuation 7. B Q5. B Kt2; 8. KtxKP. KtxB; KtxKt, PxKt; 10. PxKt. PxP is not unfavorable for Black. (b) Castling ought to be preferred here. The text move permits Black, with the aid of the following maneuver and the double advance of the QP on .the eleventh turn, to get a strong attack. (O Of course not KtxB, on account of 11. Kt B5. KtxR; 12. KtxPch, \vhereby White can at least draw by perpetual check and after 12... K K2 could even play for a win by 13. Kt R4. (di Whether 11. P B3. KtxB; 12. Q xKt, P Q4; 13. PxQP (if QxKtP, P Q B4 and PxKP). KtxP would have been better is very difficult to say. (e) What is White to do? He can not leave the Kt on B3, for the advance of the KKt and KR Pawns can in no wise he prevented. Neither could he do much on the Queen's wing of the board, so long as Black's Knight was estab- lished on R4. He therefore decided upon exchanging the Knights. (f) He could not very well play Q B3 at once, as 18. Q Kt4ch and 19. Q QB4 was threatening. Under strong consideration, however, came 17... P Kt4, thereby preparing not only Kt B5, but also gaining an important tempo for P Kt5, inasmuch as White must later play invariably P KB3. To be sure, after the text move it is also difficult to find the right defense. (g) Seemingly, Black wins a pawn, because neither 21. P B3 nor B--K3 would he a sufficient defense against P Kt5, but appearances, as everybody knows, are deceptive. (h) Now White not only does not lose a pawn, but he also does away once and for all with the threat of P -Kt5, a move which, like the sword of Damocles, hung over the White King's position. (i) As will be shown in the following variations, Black could not verv well ac- 47 cept the sacrifice of the piece. 22.... PxB; 23. QxP, O QKt3; 24. P R5, Q R2; 25. K R R R2; QxP, K Q2; 27. B -Kt8, KtxB; 28. QxKt, R K2; 29. RxRch, KxR; 30. R Kch, K Q3; 31. P B3, PxP; 32. PxP, R Q4 ; 33. Q KGch, K B4 ; 34. Q K3ch, etc., or 25...R(R) Q ; 26. QxKt, P Kt5; 27. Q K3, PxP; 28. P -B3, etc. (j) White could not exchange the Queens, as Black would get the better game, inasmuch as he could easily maneuver his Knight. (k) With the text move White gives away the advantage in position which he had worked hard to get. Had he played 35. P B4 Black would have had nothing better than P K5 and White, with 36. Q QB5 would surely have won a pawn. (1) This move looks stronger than it is. mi) If 44. Q KtTch, K K; 45. Qx RP, Q K3; 46. Q Q3, Kt Q4; 47. K B2, R B4ch, and the King mu^t go back to Kt. (ii) The best square for the Bishop, as he is here perfectly secure and is attacking Black's KBP. Wrong would- have been 53. B B7, on account of Kt Ktti, whereby Black gets winnim. 1 chances. (o) Unfortunately White could not have played P - Kt5, inasmuch as Black's passed Pawns move faster th 'in. those of White after Kt Q4ch. (p) The attempt of 5!. K Kt5 leads to nothing, on account of the re- joinder. Kt - Q4. and the advance of the BP. Game No. 15 Philidor Defense. Played by Correspondence, between C. Behting and A. \iemzo\vit--ch. of Rig;; in a Match of Two Games, April to December, 1911. Score: Behting, I 1 /?: Niemzowitsch, I/?;. Behting. White: , P K4 . Kt- KB3 P- Q4 B QB4(b) Castles KtxP R K Kt\Kt P\Kr 20. <) Kt3ch RxKtch B Kt5 Niemzowitsch. Behting Black: White: P K4 13. Kt R3 P Q3a) 14. KtxP Kt KB3 15. P QR4 Kt.\P(o 16. Kt K3 P Q4 17. P KB 4 PxBid) 18. Q B-3 Kt QB3iei 19. P B5 PxKt 20. () Kt3c B K2 2!. Q K5cl P, K3 22. KtxP Q\B 23. R Kt4 R QKt 2 i . K t K 7 KtS, B -K3; 6. KtxB, PxKt; 7. B K KtS, and, after P K4, XX'hite would get a strong attack, owing to both of his Bishops being in action. id) Best, under the circumstances, would have been B K3. If B K2, White could continue with KtxBP and Q R5ch. (e) There is nothing better at the dis- posal of Black. If KtxBP instead, Q B3, etc. (f) If R QKt, Q R4, etc. (g) If R QR4 instead; 17. Q K, to be followed by P QB4. (h) If P B3 instead, then follows QxB and White wins a piece. Game No. 16 Ruy Lopez. < By correspondence between Graf Ssergei L. Tolstoi*, Moscow, and C. Behting, Riga, in the Fifth Tournament of "Nowoje Wremja," January to September, 1900). Tolstoi. White: 1. P K4 2. Kt KB3 3. B KtS 4. B R4 5. Kt B3 6. Castles 7. B Kt3 8. P KR3 9. P Q3 10. RPxKt 1 1. P QKt4 12. R -K3 13. Kt K2 14. Kt Kt.3 Behting. Tolstoi. Behting. Black: White: Black: P K4 15. PxP P Q4 Kt QB3 16. PxP KtxP P QR3 17. Kt B5 KtxB Kt B3 18. KtxBch QxKt B K2 19. PxKt P K5!(d) P QKt4 20. Kt Q4 QxP P Q3 21. Kt B5 P Kt3 Kt QR4 22. Q Kt4 K R(e) KtxB 23. Q R4(f) Q Kt3(g) P B3(a) 24. Kt Q4 P B4(h) Castles 25. Q R6 R B3(i) B Kt2 26. Kt Kt3(j) PxP Q B2(b) 27. PxP P B4(c) Position After XVhite s 27th Move. Blac'- Ten Pieces. I f 1 H t T ^tr t 5 'Xfc' ca 2 i -? pj i f f _i /H fei ()t Count Leo Tolstoi. XX'hite Ten 49 27. ... 28. Q R5(k) 29. R B2 30. PxP 31. QxP P Kt4 QxPch P Kt5 R R3 BxP (a) Perhaps castling would have been preferable to the text move. (b If Kt Q2 instead, White would have continued P Q4 and Black has no advantageous continuation. (c) P Q4 would have given White's Bishop a splendid square on QB5. (d) If QxP at once, 20. P Q4, with a good position for White. (e) 22 B B; 23. Kt R6ch, K Kt2; 24. Q R4 would lead to noth- ing. (f) On account of PxKt. P Q4 would have been wrong here. (g) The only correct rejoinder. As will easily be seen, PxKt would have been impossible on account of 24. Q-B6ch, K Kt; 25. RxP. 32. P Kt5(l) R KKt 33. KxB(m) RxPch 34. QxR Q Riich 35. K Kt Q R-Smate (h) The position of Black's game is to be preferred on account of White's KP. (i) KtxBP was threatening. (j) A mistake of which Black avails himself by at once making a decisive combination. R B2 was perhaps the best move here and Black would have probably then continued with QR KB. (k) On account of R KKt, QxKtP could not be played. (1) The only move to prevent the mate by means of R R8ch and Q R6. (m) There is no defense after the text move. Black announces mate in three moves by 33. .. .RxPch; 34. QxR, Q R6ch; 35. K Kt. Q R8 mate. Game No. 17 Three Knights Game. (Played by Correspondence, between C. Behting, Riga, and A. N. Chardin. Samara, 1897). Behting. Chardin. White: Black: 1. P K4 P K4 2. Kt KB3 Kt QB3 3. Kt B3 P KKt3(a) 4. P Q4 PxP 5. KtxP B Kt2 6. B K3 Kt B3 7. Q-Q2 Castles 8. Castles Kt KKt5 9. B- KKt5|b) P B3 10. B KB4 KtxKt 1 1. QxKr P KB4(0 12. Q B4ch K R Behting. White: Chardin Black 13. BxP Q- B3 14. Q K2(d R K 15. P KR3(e RxP 16. Q B3(fi Kt R3 17. B Q3 I 1 -Q4( g) 18. R.vR QPxR 19. Q K2ihi B K3 20. Q Kt5! Q Kt4 ch 21. K kt QxKtP 22. QxKtP R K 23. QxRP I 1 Kt> 50 Position After Black's 26th Move. Black Eight Pieces. :*% J 1 t XX'hite Ten Pieces. 24. PxP 25. B Kt6 26. PxB 27. KR Kt 28. B Q4ch 29. RxQ 30. P B4 31. P B3 33. P KR4 34. P K4 Kt B2(i) BxKt R R RxQ(j) K Kt BxP P Kt4 K K:2 P Kt5 B K3 35. PxP 36. K Kt2 37. R KB2 38. P R3 39. B-Q4 40. R-K 41. R K7 42. K R2 43. R( 44. R KtTch 45. R(K2) K' BxPch P R4 B^K3 K Kt3 B B4 R R4 R Kt4ch Kt Q3 R Q4 K R3 Resigns! k) lai Preferred by Chardin and re- peatedly played by him. as for instance, in his match against Schiffers. (b) Played in order to avoid the ex- change of B for Kt. (ci Taking plenty of chances in sac- rificing a Pawn. idi Probably the only move to save the exchange. If 14. R Q2, PxP. threatening B R3. le) More solid would have been to play P KB3. White, however, still wished to avoid the exchange of B for Kt. (IF 15 B Roch; 16. K- Kt. Kt - Kt>. etc. i . (ft Fatal would have been KtxR. on v^.ounr of QxKtPch. (g) Black must develop the Q wing of the board. If 17 ____ R K3 : 18. KR K, and Black would be very much hampered in his development, inas- much as 18.... R QB3 was not possi- ble on account of 19. R-- -KSch. I h ) Of course not R QSch. on ac- count of QxR. to be followed by PxQ. (it He could not play BxKt at once. for if 25. PxB, R-R could not be played, because of 26. B K5ch and mate next move. ijt Forced. If Q K5; 28. R Q4, Q B3; 29. R QSch. RxR; 30. BxR, and if KtxB. 31. Q- Q4ch, to be fol- lowed by QxKt. (k) There is no defense against the double threat of B K3ch and R J\t?- 51 Game No. 18 Queen's Gambit Declined. (Played between P. Otto, St. Petersburg, and C. Behting, Riga, in the Sixth Tournament of "Schachmatny Journal," December, 1897, to May, 1898). Otto. Behting. Otto. Behtinj White: Black: White: Black 1 . P Q4 P Q4 10. Castles) d) P K5 2. P QB4 P-K3 17. Kt Q4 BxPch 3. P K3 Kt KB3 18. K R(e) Q Kt3!(f 4. Kt QB3 QKt Q2 19. B-K B Q2ig) 5. Kt B3 P B3 20. P B4 Q R3 6. B Q3 B Q3 21. P KKt3(h) R B4(i) 7. B Q2(a) PxP 22. P B5 BxPch 8. B\P P K4 23. K Kt B Kt 9. P Q5(b) Kt Kt3 24. Q-Kt2 Castles 10. PxBP KtxB 25. B - Kt3 QxPch 11. PxP BxKtP 26. B - B2 Q R3 12. Q R4ch Q-Q2 27. QR K BxP 13. QxKt QR B 28. Kt KG B -R(> 14. Q-Kt5(c) B- B3 29. B K3 BxQ 15. Q K2 Q Kt5 Resigns (a) P QKt3, with the intention of count of 18. . O R5ch; 19. following with 1 3 Kt2, came also into Kt Kt5. consideration here. (b) \\"ith this and the next move Thite plays to win a Pawn. Black does not object to it, inasmuch as he gets chances for a fine attack. For this rea- son. 9. PxKP, KtxP; 10. KtxKt, BxKt, was preferable. (O Plaved with the object of com- pelling Black to block his QR. (d) KB would have blocked the K's wing of the board. (e) Kx.B 'v-M\s4 ^cj; be plaved. on ae- Kt, (f) The strongest move. On account of 19. Kt - Rf-. 18. . . .Q R5 was out oi the question. (g) A preparatory move. Kt B5 again prevented Q R3. (hi In order to prevent mate, \\ had no other move at his disposal, til .Much si n K\P. inas- much as alter 22. K Kt, : ; :L H had to be exchanged j-oonc; or later wlurelv the attack would Ivive been coiisiderabl 1 52 Game No. 19 Sicilian Defense. (By Correspondence, between C. Behting, Riga, and A. Charcow, in the Fifth Tournament of "Nowoje January to December, 1900). J. Romaschkewitsch, Wremja," Behting. Romaschkewitsch. Behting Romaschkewitsch White: Black: White: Black: 1. P K4 P QB4 15 R K Q B3(c) 2. Kt QB3 P K3 16 . P KB4 Kt B5 ?. Kt B3 Kt QB3 17 . B B3 QR-Q 4. P Q4 PxP 18 . R Kt Q B2 5. KtxP Kt B3 19 . p_QKt3 Kt Q3(d) 6. KKt Kt5 B Kt5 20 . Q-Q4 P QKt3 7. P QR3(a> BxKtch 21 . R K5 Q2. P Q4, nothing startling results | colors, lead to a certain draw, tor White. (c; It would have been wrong to ad- (b) The continuation 14. BxPch. Kx j vance the Bishop's Pawn nt once, as will 53 be seen from the following variation: 15 P B5; 16. B -QKt5, Q- Kt4 (if 16 R-B4; 17. B\P, or if 16 Q B3; 17. Q-K2) ; 17. Q K2, R B4; 18. B Q3. (d) Seemingly a mistake, but actually the strongest continuation. If White, for instance, had accepted the alluring 20. RxB, QxR; 21. BxP, his game, after 21....Kt B2, would have been irre- parably lost. (e) The White Rook, although it will be locked in after the next move, has an excellent position nevertheless. (f) RxB was threatening. (g) A waiting move, as White cannot fotce a win at the present stage of the game. (h) What is the Bishop going to do? To Kt2 or R3? Now White has a chance of making a combination. (i) Forced, inasmuch as White, after P KKt3, would win at once by 30. Rx QP. (j) The White Rook, as is easily per- ceivable, cannot be taken either way. 30. .. .R K3 would have given Black a chance of offering a longer resistance. (k) if RxQ, 33. R(K4) K7 mate. Game No. 20 Giuoco Piano. (By Correspondence, between J. Sybin, Gatschina, and C. Behting, Riga, in the Fifth Tournament of "Nowoje Wremja," January, 1900- to May 17, 1901). Sybin. Behting. Sybin. Behting. White: Black: White: Black: 1. P K4 P K4 23. KtxP R-B2 2. Kt KB3 Kt QB3 24. R Kt P QR4(d) 3. B B4 B-B4 25. Kt K5(e) KtxKt 4. P-B3 Kt- B3 26. PxKt P B4(f) 5. P Q4 PxP 27. P Kt3 P- KKt4 6. PxP B KtSch 28. QR-Q R K2 / . B Q2(a) BxBch 29. Kt Q8(g) Kt B7 8. QKtxB P Q4 30. Kt B6 R-QB2 9. PxP KKtxP 31. R- K2 Kt Kt5 10. Q Kt3 QKt -K2 32. Kt Q8 P B5 11. Castles Castles 33. P- K6(h) K B 12. R K P QB3 34. Kt B7 P B6 13. P QR4 Q- Kt3(h) 35. Kt- K5 P B7 14. Q R3 Q~ B2 36. R QB QR QB 15. QR B P KR3 37. Kt Kt4 K K2 16. R -K5 B- K3 38. Kt K3(i) R B3 17. P QKt4 Kt KKt3 39. K B KxP 18. KR K Q Q3 40. R Q2(ji R R6 19. Kt K4io QxP 41. K K2 R ( B ) B4 20. QxQ KtxQ 42. P R3 P R4 21. BxB PxB 43. P B J Pv 22. Kt B5 P Kt3 44 p,.r- P Ur, 54 45. P B5ch K K2 46. P B6ch KxP 47. R Q6ch(k) K K2 (a) Of late the old continuation is ! often played here, namely, Kt B3, Kt xP; 8. Castles, BxKt; 9. P Q5, where- by White, with a sacrifice of a piece or one or two Pawns, gets a strong at- tack. (bi In the Frankfort tournament of 1887. Harmonist played Q B2 at this stage against Schiffers. ici P-QR4 was threatening. (di The Black Knight stands very strong on Kt5 and later renders excel- lent service in the advance of the QBP. (e) Better seemed to have been here 25. R- K2 in order to reply to Black's R K2 or R- K with 26. Kt B4. if) Played in order to prevent the escape of the Kt via Q4. 48. R R6 Resigns R K4 (g) With 29. R Q8ch. RxR; 30. KtxR, Kt--Q6 (R Q2; 31. Kt K6, K B2 would be answered by 32. Ktx KtPch and 33. P K6ch>; 31. Kt B6, R K3; 32. R Q, P B5 ; 33. Kt any, Black would win the KP. (h) Black would also get the better game if he had played Kt K6 instead, for Black would have continued with R K2; 34. Kt Q4, R Q.' etc. (i) Of course not KtxRP, on account of the rejoinder Kt R7. (j) White could not play Kt.xP, be- cause, after K B3, he would lose his Knight. (ki It is curious to note that White cannot move any other piece except this Pawn, without at once losing the game. (P Game No. '21 Ruy Lope/. cd by Correspondence, between G. G. Bartoschkiewitsch and C. Behting, of Riga, 1901 ). Bai toschkiewitsch. Behting White: Black : 1. P K4 P K4 2 Kt- KBo Kt QB3 3, B -Kt5 1' QR3 4. B R4 Kt B3 5. P Q3U) P. B4 1 1. P B3 Castles ; . Castles P Q3 H. B KKt.S B R2 i PKt Q2 Q K2 1 1. B B2 Kt Q R k' A Kt K3 ( h i Bartoschkiewitsch. White: 12. BxB 13. P KKt3 14. P Q4 Behting. Black. RxB Kt KtF PxP Kt Kt4 QxKt () B3 PxP () QKt3ic Q- R3 P QKt4 P QB4!(d) 55 23. P Q5(e) Q KGch 29. QR-Q P B3(f) 24. QxQ KtxQ 30. P KG Kt -B4 25. KR B KtxP 31. RxKt(g) RxR 26. B--K4 Kt Kt3 32. P K7 R K 27. RxP Kt Q2 33. B B6 K B2 28. R Q5 RB2 34. R Q8 Position After White's 34th Move Black Nine Pieces. i yf^ M . tv ~ " 4 ? i l White Nine Pieces. 34. . . 35. K B2 R BSch R B7ch 36. K B3(h) 37. Resigns(i) RxB (a) A tame continuation, which, how- ever, has often been played. (b) Apparently better would have oeen BxB; 12. PxB, Kt Kt5. followed by P -KB4. The Black Rook, after be- ing placed at R2 and after the exchange of Bishops, has to play, for a long time, the part of a violet in the moss. (c) Black entices White to bring his Knight to B4. He wanted to gain a tempo later by P QKt4 and to bring his Rook into action in the sweet bye and bye. (d) Now the Rook stands splendidly with a good outlook. (e) It is evident that Black, with R K, would get a strong attack, had White taken the Pawn. ( f ) This looks risky, but is nothing but a trap. (g) The object is achieved. If 31. P K7, RxP: 32. BxPch, KxB: 33. RxKt, R K7, etc. (h) If 36. K- Kt or K K, RxKPch. If. on the other hand, K B, B R6ch, etc. (i) If 37. KtxR. B Kt2; 38. R Qt>. R QB: 39. R OS. BxKtch; 40. K K3, R B2, and White loses a piece. 56 Game No. 22 Vienna Opening. (Played between A. Lueth and C. Behting, of Riga, 1907 to 1908) Lueth. White: 1. P K4 2. Kt QB3 3. B B4 4. P Q3 5. Kt B3 6. Castles 7. B KKt5 Behting. Black: P K4 Kt KB3 B B4 P Q3 P B3 B KKt5 QKt Q2 Lueth. White: 8. Q K2 9. B Q2 10. Kt QR4 11. P B3 12. PxB 13. P QKt4(b) 14. B Kt3 Behting. Black: P KR3 Kt B B Q5(a) Kt Kt3 PxP P QKt4 Position After White's 14th Move. Black Fifteen Pieces. i i 1 XX'hite Fourteen Pieces. 14. ... 15. B KB4(c) 16. BxQRP 17. B\RP is. P KtSid) Kt R5 PxKt Castles R B Kt R2 19. B Kt3 20. PxKt 21. Q Kt2 22. QxP KtxKtch B R4iei BxP Position After White's 22d Move. Black Eleven Pieces. AHj a Jf; White Twelve Pieces. 22. ... RxB | 26. QxB KtxQch 23. PxR(f) Q B 27. K R P B4 24. Q K3 Kt Kt4 28. PB7 P B5 25. KR B Q R6 Resigns (a) This maneuver is somewhat orig- inal, to he sure, but its correctness is doubtful. (b) In order to be able to advance the Pawn to its fifth and, at the same time, to create a retreating square for the Kt. (O If White attempts to save the piece with Kt Kt2, then follows: 15.... Kt R2 (threatening Q B3 and eventually Kt Kt4); 16. P KR3, Q Q2 (threatening BxKt and QxKRP, etc.); 17. P K5 (if 17. PxB, QxKtP; 18. P-Kt3, KtxKtch; 19. K -Kt2, Kt R5 and White loses his Queen), BxKt; 18. PxB, P-Q4; 19. P-K6. PxP. and Black has two Pawns for the piece and a strong attack, as for instance. 20. QR-K. Castles; 21. QxPch, QxQ; 22. RxQ, Kt -B6ch, etc., or 20. P KB4, Castles; 21. Q R5. Q K2, to be fol- lowed by R B4, etc., or 20. P KB4, Castles; 21. K R2, P K4, etc. (d) Better would have been KR B. in order to leave the KB square as an escape for the White K. (e) Now Kt- Kt4 is threatening. (f) Whether White could put up an adequate defense with the much better move of Q K3 is doubtful. Black would have simply proceeded with R B4 with a good game. Further- more, Black had the following continu- ation at his command: 23. . . .Kt Kt4; 24. P KR4. P KB4; 25. PxKt. Px KP: 26. PxR. Q B: 27. PxP, Q Rti; 28. QxB. RxQ. Of course, the P on Bti would have been verv strong then. 58 Game No. 23 Ruy Lopez. (Played by Correspondence, between Th. \Vittram. Pulkowo, and A. Wittram, Risa, 1897 to 1898). T. XX'ittram. White: 1. P K4 2. Kt~KB3 3. B Kt5 4. B R4 5. Castles 6. B Kt3 7. R K 8. Kt B3 9. QPxKt 10. P QR4(b) 11. B Kt5 12. KtxP 13. RxKt 14. p_QB4('e) 15. RxBch 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. Q-Q3 R -Kij) KxR K B Q -Q A. XX'ittram, Black: P K4 Kt QB3 P QR3 Kt B3 P QKt4 KtxP P Q4 KtxKt B K3 P Kt5 Q Q2(c) KtxKt P QB3(d) P^B3 QxR T. XX'ittram. XX'hite: 16. PxP 17. B R4 18. Q R5ch 19. Q B3 20. BxQP 21. R Q 22. P B3 23. Q K2(f) 24. QxP 25. Q Q3 26. B Kt3 27. P QB4 28. Q B2(h) 29. K B Position After White's 29th Move. ''<"*, t I 1 t * Black Nine Pieces. XX'hite Eleven Pieces. P-KtG! PxP B -B P KtTch R QKtti RxKtP K Kt2 (a) The Handbook here recommends 8. P Q4, B -K3 as the best continu- ation. The text move, however, may also be played. (b) White now proceeds with a strong attack, which Black defends with great circumspection. (O If 11 P B3: 12. KtxP, Ktx Kt; 13. RxKt, Q Q2 ; 14. RxBch, QxR; 15. BxP, etc., with advantage to White. (d) Why P--B3 could not be played is explained in note (c). (e) In order to maintain the attack, White sacrifices the exchange, which is perhaps best under the circumstances. (f) The exchange of Queens came also into consideration here. (g) The sacrifice of the Pawn leads to a complicated game and to very in- teresting combinations. (h) This move proves to be wrong. Better would have been P Kt3, in order to strengthen the Pawn position on the Queen's wing. (i) With this move Black begins the attack, which he pursues in brilliant style. It is obvious that the Pawn can- not be taken. (j) 31....R Q5, etc., was threaten- ing; the Rook could not be taken be- cause of 31. BxR, QxRch; 32. QxQ, 48. Q K3 K R3 41). K B2 Q K2! 50. Q K4( P ) QxQ 51. PxQ B B-kh 52. KxP BxB Resigns RxQch; 33. K K2, R QRS, etc.; or 31. QxR, QxRch; 32. Q K. Q Qtich ; 33. Q K2 (33. K Kt, B Kt5, etc.), Q KtSch; 34. Q -K, QxP, etc. How- ever, instead of the text move, 31. R Q2. R--Q5; 32. Q QB3, RxR; 33. QxR, Q -B4, etc., came also into con- sideration. This variation would also have led to very interesting complica- tions. (k) Played in order to avoid un- pleasant checks at any future stage of the game. (1) White had a very blocked posi- tion. He has to guard against B Kt5 and he cannot play P--B3 on account of the rejoinder, Q -K6. (m) If 39. Q-Q4ch, Q Kt2; 40. QxQch, KxQ, and White has an un- tenable position. For instance: 41. P B3, R QR: 42. B Q, RxP; 43. BxP, R R8ch; 44. K any. R R8. etc. (n) If 41, P QKt3 instead, Q R8ch; 42. Q -Q, QxQch, followed by R K8 mate. The best continuation would have been P KB3, which might have given White a draw. After the text move, Black destroys the White position by means of heavy blows. (o) If 45. KxP, RxB; 46. P -QKt4, and the game would likewise have been hopeless. (p) If QxQ instead. BxQ and B B4ch would easilv have won. 60 Game No. 24 King's Gambit. (Played between K. Gruenthal and A. Kreuzstein, of Riga, 1907 to 1908). Kreuzstein. Black: Q K2 Q R5 P B6 P Kt6 Q R8ch?(h) KtxPch Q R5 BxKt Kt K7ch KtxKtP Kt K5(j) B Kt5 P QR4(k) B R4 K B Q Q Q-Bch R-QKt Gruenthal. Kreuzstein. Gruenthal. White: Black: White: 1. P_K4 P K4 21. K B(f) 2 P-KB4 PxP 22. Kt B2 3. Kt- KB3 Kt- KB3(a) 23. Kt Q4 4. Kt B3 P Q4 24. Q B2(g) 5. P K5((b) Kt R4 25. RPxP 6. P Q4 P KKt4 26. Q Kt 7. B Q3 P KR3 27. K B2 8. Castles B-K3 28. K K(i) 9. Kt -QR4(c) Kt- Q2 29. PxB 10. P B3 P R3 30. P Kt3 1 1. P QKt4 P Kt3 31. K Q 12. Q K2 Q-B 32. R B7 13. B Q2 Q Kt2 33. K B2 14. KR B B K2 34. Q K3 15. P QR3 P Kt5(d) 35. BxPch 16. Kt K P QB4 36. Kt Q3 17. KtPxP P Kt4!! 37. RQ7 18. QR- Kt Q-B2 38. K-Kt2 19. Kt Kt2 KtxBP(e) 39. RxP(l) 20. PxKt BxPch Position After White's 39th Move. Black Ten Pieces. ? .g. m yk> ~ ^ !'' ;.',asB '. i^ ~l *" 'ty / dj '' /; ' : 'i ;W v 'i- t 1 * '/"////' "*a ' */'' ;> W& '^- .75 ft -'j i y M. 39. 40. 41. QxKt Kt B4 White -T< Kt\B(m) Q B3 RxBch :n Pieces. 42. RxR 43. K R 44. KtxB QxRch Q R5 QxRPch (il 45. Q--R2 46. Q Kt2 47. KxQ Q Rf.ch QxQch R Kt (a) This method of meeting the gam- bit deserves consideration. (h) Better seems PxP, when the fol- lowing variation would probably have resulted: 5....KtxP; (5. KtxKt, QxKt; 7. P--Q4. B Q3; 8. P B4. Q K3ch ; 9. K--B2, P---QB4; 10. B Q3, KB, etc. (c) Not very good, but the develop- ment of White's game is difficult. id) No\v Black begins with a pretty strong attack. (e) A beautiful and correct sacrifice. (f) If the King moves to R! instead. Black continues with Q K2, and White would also be lost. (g) If PxP instead, then follows: P Kt6; 25. B K, PxRP; 26. BxQ, P R8(Q)ch. to be followed by QxQ. (h) Too artificial. With 25....Ktx KtPch;26. K--K, Q R8ch ; 27. B KB, KtxB; 28. QxKt, PxKtP. Black could at once have decided the game in his favor. 48. Kt B(i 4l). K B3 50. P Q5 R Kt7ch K K2 Resigns! n (i) Black had taken this move and its consequences too little into consid- eration. (j) With three Pawns for the piece Black has still a good game. (k) Very cleverly played. If, for in- stance, 34. BxPch, K Q: 35. R Bti, B Q2, etc. (1) If P R4, QxR. (m) With the text move Black throws away his last chance. He ought to have played Q B3 at once. White has scarcely anything better than Kt B4 in this case, and the game would then have continued 40. . . . RxBch ; 41. RxR, QxRch; 42. K any, QxRch; 43. KxQ, P B7; 44. Q R3, P -B8(Qi: 45. Qx Q, KtxB. to be followed by KtxQ and Black could have saved the game. If 40. QxKt, RxBch; 41. K R. QxR; 42. QxQ. RxQ; 43. Kt B4. B Kt3; 44. R KtSch (if KtxR, BxR. to he followed by P B7), K Kt2; 45. RxR, P KB7. etc. (ii) R KtS was threatening. Game No. 25 Kiescrit/ky Gambit. Played by Correspondence, between A. Kreuzstein and K. (jruenthnl. of Riga. 1005 to lOOli). Kreuzstein. Gruenthal. Kreuzstein. Gruenthal White: Black: White: Black. 1. P K4 P K4 8. BxP PxP 2. P KB4 PxP C). O K2(0 P KB4 3. Kt KB3 P KKt4 10. Castles P. R3 4. P KR4 P Kt5 1 1. Q K3 BxB 5. Kt - K5 6. P Q4 7. Kt QB3 P Q4 1 a i Q K2(b) P QB3 12. 13. 14. Q\B B B4 K K K Kt 1>3 R Bidi KKr 02 62 15. R -K2 16. PxKt 17. KR Q2 IS. Q Rfi 19. Q B4(e 20. R Q6 21. KtxP(c) KtxKt Kt - Q2 QxP Q B3 Kt - K4 Q Kt2(f) PxKt(h) (a) Not so good as the Paulsen De- fense, B Kt2, or the so-called Berlin Defense, Kt KB3. (h) In order to continue, after 7. \ B.\P, with P- KB3; 8. Kt Q3 (if Ktx | KtP. QxPch), QxPch. (c) On account of P KB3, White could not play KtxKP. (d) It would have been a mistake to protect the KB2 square by B K3. The following variation might then have arisen: 14. P Q5, PxP; 15. KtxP, Ktx Kt; 10. RxKt, BxR; 17. BxB, and ! Black's chances would not look so well. ! (ej If QxP. R -KR, etc. (f) R Q8ch, as analysis will show, j leads to nothing. It appears, therefore. I 22. R Q8ch K K2 23. RxR B- K3(i 24. RxR KtxB 25. Q ~-QB7ch K B3 26. QxQch KxQ 27. RxP Kt K6 28. RxPch Resigns as if Black, who has a Pawn plus, should, with careful play, have a game rich in bright prospects. The text move of \Vhite and its consequences, how- ever, show something different alto- gether. (g) A pretty and correct sacrifice. (h) What would have happened if the sacrifice had not been accepted is shown by the following variation : First : 2 1 . . . . KtxB; 22. R Q8ch, K B2 (if K K2 in- stead, Q QB7ch); 23. Kt Kt5ch, K Kt; 24. QxKtch, etc. Second: 21.... B--Q2; 22. Kt -B6ch, RxKt (or 22 K Q; 23. KtxB, KtxKt; 24. RxKt, QxR; 25. Q - KtSch, K any: 26. RxQ, etc.) ; 23. QxKtch, etc. m : tion o! the \v< rk < 1 publication as a T\vent\ Years oi the Rice Gambit." , firtini: m< ' ' t 1 ' - ; ' : the greatest dired bv Dr. H. Keidanz. benelaet! '' hess in Amer- Ihe analvsi.- in question had lor i : - ica ever i.d 95 ANALYSIS OF THE GAMBIT. By Oldrich Duras, of 1'rague. On the eve of my departure from the shores of hospitable America, I cannot refrain from expressing the great pleas- ure I derived from having come into closer contact with Professor Isaac L. Rice, the president of the Rice Chess Club of New York, and it will ever af- ford me deep satisfaction if I have been of some assistance to him in his analyti- cal work upon the gambit that bears his honored name. I shall always look back with real appreciation to the many happy and interesting hours I spent in the company of Professor Rice while en- gaged in the earnest attempt to ferret out the real inwardness of this truly remarkable opening. It will be recalled by those who are especially interested in the fate of the gambit that, in one variation, I suc- ceeded in finding a move, which de- feated a certain line of play adopted by Black. Professor Rice, however, during his stay in London, showed my discovery to Eduard Lasker, who hit upon a re- joinder, which, according to European authorities, disposed of my move. When he returned from Europe, Professor Rice seemed a bit dubious about my newly discovered move and suggested that I go over the entire ground very carefully. By the analysis presented herewith. I think I have shown conclusively that Lasker's continuation does not accom- plish what was claimed for it. Before proceeding with the technical part of this brochure, which, I take it, will be regarded as a supplement to the Fifth Edition of the Rice Gambit. I deem it in order to set forth a brief history of the famous trambit. 66 HISTORICAL SKETCH. About fifty years ago in the year \Yina\ver and De Riviere, among others. he more exact gambit play was gambits were usually the order of the the. most attractive form of amusement day. for chess players, and particularly so in Still more enthusiastically did Pro- thi. case of " off-hand" games. This is f'essor Rice tome to thin!-: of gambits not surprising in view of the fact that when Steinitz, in his match with Zuckc-r- the games reared upon gambit fou.nda- tort, ventured upon a Kieseritzky Gam- re so many more exciting bit. The gavr.e was won by Zu.kertort. compiica:ions than do the so-called Quite naturally. Steinitz was most penings. Take, for instance. anxious to ascertain the underlying the Muz;;) gambit, wherein first a Pawn cause of his failure and, in the many and then a piece arc offered up and in analytical seances Professor Rice was which \Vhite obtains an exceedingly wont to have with Stein it/., lie was of stron k. notwithstanding that his appreciable assistant. t< reat Bo- ti n is laid wide open. Black, har- hemian master in the latter's researches ed at ever}' turn, is put to it con- in Kieseritzky analysis. At'te; the regu- stantly ; . ,: the correct defense. It lar opening moves, acknow!. - be ime that Professor Rice best in this gambit. Professor Rice sug- first took an interest in chess. True to ; gested to Steinitz the sacrifice of a :. he immediately be- Bishnr after Blaek's Kt KR-i by means samored of the gambit form of of BxP. For a lon. (r time the two ar>d in the game he contested analysts woiked along this line. . .'/ to agnii h, Neumann. Steinitz. : abandon it cventualh'. as the sacrifice was finally found to be unplayable. Bent upon finding something new to uphold the soundness of the Kieseritzky Gam- bit, Mr. Rice at last hit upon the idea of sacrificing the Knight at K5. Thus was the Rice Gambit discovered. There is another version of this highly interesting episode, which, in years to come, was destined to command the at- tention of the entire world of chess. It is furnished by "Die Moskauer Zeitung." According to that authority, the Rice Gambit, like many another great inven- tion or discovery, was established by a mere chance. Professor Rice, so this yarn goes, was playing at a chess club one day when he inadvertently left his Knight "en prise." As it was not a game for life or death, he asked to re- call the move, but his adversary insisted upon his pound of flesh. He got it, and the game proceeded with the White Knight on the discard pile. And so the Rice Gambit was ushered in. This ver- sion, however, must be regarded in the light of a little "Maerchen." In course of time, Professor Rice and his friends immediately pitched in and the real merit of the gambit soon began to dawn upon them when thev realized that Black could 67 not long remain in possession of the ex- tra piecewithout seriously compromising his position. Invariably, it was found to be an absolute necessity for him to return the piece, before it was taken from him with heavy toll into the bar- gain. Not until 1898, however, did Professor Rice take his invention downright se- riously. From that time on, Professor Rice, in conjunction with most of the leading masters of the world, began the extensive work of thorough analysis that has lasted to this day and has re- quired an unlimited quantity of printer's ink to record it. Among his co-workers may be mentioned such names as those of Steinitz, Lipschuetz. Pillsbury, Las- ker, Tschigorin, Alapin, Schlechter, Maroczy, Berger, Teichmann, Jasno- grodsky, Janowski, Mieses, Marshall, Napier, Capablanca, Julius Finn, Leon Rosen and others. Where so much talent was at work, it was not to be wondered at that con- stant progress was made. The gambit had its vicissitudes; its ups and downs. Now it seemed invincible; then, again, quite hopeless. And so it went on. from year to year, defying the wiles of the 68 "busters," who would fain dig for it a permanent grave. Of course, it experi- enced relapses, being sound one day and quite the reverse within twenty-four hours after. But, in spite of all the set- backs, the triumphs and disappointments, here it is alive and hearty to-day, able to sit up and ready once more to go to press. At the time of writing, the explorers of the gambit have reached a point where they can offer analysis so deep and complicated that no chess player, no matter what his rank, can venture a definite opinion. The problem before the chess world is so complex that even the widest possible range of inquiry can- not hope to exhaust the subject. Hun- dreds and thousands of variations have been compiled by the leading masters, but no definite result of their labors can be set down. They don't use it in the tournaments? \\"ell, no one wants to sail around on a sea of uncertainty when they have much at stake. But the time may yet come. As a matter of fact, the gambit was essayed in inter- national play and emerged unscathed. At other times, the players of the Black pieces had the opportunity given them to play up to the gambit position, but they concluded prudence to be the better part of valor. Unlimited variations might be added to those already set down, but it is not surprising that Professor Rice has finally decided to rest on his oars and be con- tent with what has been done. Even though he has not actually reached "Farthest North," yet the greatest credit is due him for his unshakable belief in the correctness of his idea, for his pains- taking and indefatigable s^udisc and tor his pertinacity in clinging to what so often appeared a forlorn hope. And these splendid qualities, exhibited in connection with his researches, have re- ceived their reward at last, for he has brought the gambit to a point where no one can positively demonstrate it to be untenable, or question its right to a place among the recognized openings. In five editions all the variations have been placed before the chess-playing world and, furthermore, the literature of the gambit has been augmented greatly by the games of various matches and tournaments, including several by correspondence. These competitions include the tournaments at London, St. Peteisburg, Monte Carlo and Ostend. the con espondence tournaments of "Le Monde Illustre," the Lasker-Tschigorin and Lasker-Schlechter matches, besides the frequent tilts arranged between the leading Metropolitan players in New York. Mention should also be made of the many consultation games, played chiefly at the room of the Rice Chess Club. It is impossible to enumerate all of the contests, for a book of consider- able dimensions would be necessary in which to place on record a complete and detailed list. For all this the chess world at large owes a debt of gratitude to Professor Rice. He has provided countless enter- taining positions, which are of benefit to the student, inasmuch as similar po- sitions may crop up at any time in the games they play, and, having digested them, he will be able to put much of his acquired knowledge to practical use. In like manner does the study of end games benefit master players and put on the finishing touches to their training for 09 active tournament play. An excellent illustration of how an attack may be established under great difficulties is afforded by a variation in the Napier Defense, which wins for Black and which will be found in the text herewith. Finally, I desire to express the hope that other patrons, following the ex- ample of Professor Rice, may come for- ward and give their time and support to the research of other chess openings. chiefly the Ruy Lopez and the Queen's Gambit. If that could ever be realized, the theory of the game would advance by leaps and bounds. Professor Rice has set up for himself a lasting monument, and. as names of those of Morphy, Lasker, Steinitz, Tschi- goiin, Pillsbury and others, will always be looked upon as the greatest in the realm of chess, so Professor Rice's name will never be forgotten by present and future generations of chess players the world over. OLDRICH DL'RAS. New York. Februarv, 1914. 70 THE DURAS ANALYSIS. The eight moves of the Kieseritsky Gambit, which lead up to the position where the sacrifice of a piece brings up the Rice Gambit, are the following: Rice Gambit. White: 1. PK4 2. P KB4 3. Kt KB3 4. P KR4 5. Kt K5 6. B B4 7. PxP 8. Castles Black P K4 PxP P KKt4 P Kt5 Kt KB3 P Q4 B Q3 RICE GAMBIT POSITION. Black 15 pieces. White 15 pieces. Black to move. Black, of course, takes the piece. 8. ... BxKt Now White starts his maneuvers to regain the piece. 9. R K Q K2 10. P B3 Kt R4 This is the move which constitutes the "Jasnogrodsky Defense" of the Rice Gambit. The position at that stage of the game is shown in the appended diagram : THE JASNOGRODSKY DEFENSE. Black 15 pieces. I * 1 4 it i I White 14 pieces. White to move. 11. P-Q4 Kt Q2 A supporting move, which usually led to Black's emerging with the exchange ahead, because, up to recently, it had always been the practice of White to recapture Bishop with Rook. The mo- dus operand! was the following: 12. B Kt5, K Q (Napier's move); 13. Bx Kt, BxB; 14. RxB. QxP; 15. RxKt, etc. After a great deal of analysis had been expended upon the position, the con- tinuation was not found to be wholly satisfactory. White, therefore, was forced back to the simpler move of- 12. PxB KtxP Black has the option of playing QxP, but this was duly examined and failed to come up to expectations. 13. P QKt3 14. B R3 15. PxKt 16. R K5 Castles Kt BOch QxP 72 THE DURAS VARIATION Black 13 oieces. _ 1 '! ( t \ t t / i;//'- , JJL ' V* J & A ''A, 4 *sfe* k y ' 1 1 A vy/' ' M | | i White 12 pieces. Black to move. The invention of Oldrich Duras, who happened upon it in the course of an extended analysis while residing in New York during July, 1913, and previous to the departure of Professor Rice for Europe. It appeared to be the right move in the right place for NX'hite until, upon his arrival in London, Professor Rice had suggested to him a surprising reply by Eduard Lasker, of Berlin, then a resident of the British capital. 16. B -B4 This is the Lasker defense referred t< . Instead of trying to save his King's Rook, which is attacked, or proceeding to harrass the \Vhite King with Queen, Black elects to offer the sacrifice or << piece in turn. Strange as it may seem, n-.ithur of the other alternatives will avail Black at all, so far as forcing a win is concerned. 17. Kt Q2 Wonders never cease. White has a piece for the asking, but must decline the Grecian gift. It is absolutely neces- sary for him to retain possession of the King's file for the present and for that purpose the Rook must remain where he is. Neither, as will be found afcer examination, can he stop to win the ex- change by BxR. In illustration hereof the following variation is given: 17. PxP KR K 18. B K7(best) RxB 19. RxR QxR 20. PxB Q K6ch 21. K B(best) R K 22. Kt-Q2 Q-R6ch 23. K Kt K R 24. Q B3 R Ktch 25. K B2 Q -R5ch 26. K--K2 R -Kt6 27. Q -B2 28. K -B 29. Q -Kt 30. K B2 31. KtxKt R -K6ch Q-R8ch Kt K6ch Kt K5ch Q - BGmat< It is left to the reader to decide whether the best moves were made on each side. The position after White's move of 17. Kt 02: 73 Black 13 pieces. 25. 26. K K2 Q -B7ch K Q3 Q K6ch w ^ i.iV * i * 27. 28. K B2 QxPch K- Kt KtxKtch In this extraordinary position White is 1 H 4 i ^ by no means at the end of his resources, but gives up his Queen and then rapidly 1 5 I * turns the tables upon Black: i * Black 1 1 pieces. t i i i i f i i White 12 Black to pieces, move. All of the variations which are feasible 4 -v=> have been worked out by Mr. Duras and . 1-1 >.! the complications which are shown are 5 '-ar- among the most entrancing to be found on the chess board. ^- , - * '"&L'w First Variation, ^ C ^ ^m White 10 pieces. 17. Q KtGch White to play. 18. 19. 20. K B QxP K K2 PxP B R6ch KR K 29. 30. 31. QxKt QxQ P Q(5ch K Kt2 BxPch K Kt3 21. QxQch KtxQch 32. BPxP P KR3 22. K B3 RxR 33. B B7ch K-R2 23. KxP, etc. 34. P Kt5. etc. Second Variation. Th e best that White can do now is to 17. 18. 19. 20. KB K Kt BxR Q Kttich Q -Rtkh Kt Ktti Q R8ch draw bv perpetual check. If he stops to win the rook, he loses by P Kttich. If he p avs PxP. then RxP again forces the draw. 21. 22. K B2 K K Q R7ch Q R5 Third Variation. 23. B-K7 P KB3 17. () Ktiich 24. RxB Kt- KSch 18. K B Q R7 74 19. BxR P Kt6 craw If, for instance, instead 20. B B5 P KtTch KKt, 26 B B4ch; 27. K K 21. K-K Q R5ch KKt'; 28. K B, etc. 22. K - K2 Kt-Kt6ch 23. K B2 Fourth Variation. Another astonishing situation, re- 17. Q KtGch minding one forcibly of Loyd's "Steinitz 18. K B KR K Gambit." where the King is made to face RxB R K6 all manner of double checks, and still R KtSch K R 21. comes off triumphant. The diagram: i 22. RxP K -B2. etc. Q R6ch Black 12 pieces. 17. 18. Fifth K B Variation. Q_Kt6ch Q R6ch T i i i % i 19. K Kt PxP 1 :! 8}1 1'- 20. QxP. etc. f *V* Sixth Variation. ^ '& \ ' 17. Kt Kt6 '^ : 18. 19. 20. BxR K B2 Q R8ch Q R7ch White 12 pieces. K K Q R5 Black to move. 21. B K7, etc. 23. . . . Kt K5ch Seventh Variation. 24. KxP B R6ch 25. K R 17. KR K Kt2, R Like the cat, the King has nine lives. Black can do no more than follow suit, in order to bring more force to bear upon the hapless (?) White King. 25. ... K-R 20. KtxKt R -KKt 27. R Kt5 And the best Black now can get is a If 17 QR K; 18. R K2, R K6; 19. R R2. Q Kt4; 20. R Kt2, KR K; 21. Kt B, etc. This is only one of the numerous variations arising from the text move. On close examination it will be seen that White, being a piece to the good, can, at the worst, effect a draw. 18. Q-K. etc. 17. . . 18. BxR 19. Q-K 20. B B Eighth Variation. K~R RxB Kt Kt6 R Kt If 20. ...Q R8ch; 21. K B2, R K Kt;22. RxB, Q R7ch;23. B Kt2, Ktx R; 24. Q K5ch, Kt Kt2; 25. R-R, Q Kt6ch; 26. K B, etc. 75 Ninth Variation. 17. ... P KB3 18. R K2 If, for instance, 18. RxB, Kt Kt6; 19. RxP(B4), Q R8ch; 20. K B2, Q R7 ch; 21. K K, KR Kch; 22. R K4, KtxR;23. PxKt, PKt6; 24. Q Kt4ch, K R; 25. Q B4, etc. 76 THE RICE GAMBIT SOUND. (Trom "Twenty Years of the Rice (iamhit.") How well the late Professor Isaac L. Rice huilded he never knew, for, al- though prior to his death on November j 2. lit 15. he had analyzed several of the new variations of his gambit, he had not that strength which would have enabled him to study all the variations and the often intricate positions included in the latest contribution to the gambit. But he builded well. He has enriched his g^fintrj?pjx$_andhasexplored, through if not always obvious, byways of 'trie royal game. All his life he had faith in his work the sustained faith of a cre- ator, and with him a band of enthusiasts believed and studied and worked. against much discouragement and even partial failure to win in the end. The latest analysis proves the gambit sound. The history and development of the gambit is told elsewhere. Here it is j in place to point out only the minimum historical facts necessary to understand the point at which the writers started. For years the most stubborn opposition to the Rice Gambit line of play came from what was then called "The London Variation." The Franco-Polish master, H. Janowski. in 1909 proposed an answer to that variation which appeared sound and the pivotal move of which was Q K2 for White on the 13th move. But, as reported in the pamphlet of Dr. H. Keidanz (first supplement), May, 1909, Marco demonstrated that the Ja- nowski reply led to a clear win for Black. Thereafter many attempts were made to find the right answer to the "London Variation." but not until 1914 was the happy result conceived for the gambit. In that year the Bohemian master, O. Duras. proposed the following line of w ., j : r of *, r he "London Variation, as played by Napiei . 12. PxB KtxP 13. P QKt3 Castles 14. B R3 Kt B6ch (a bril- liant sacrifice.) 15. PxKt QxRP Hitherto a satisfactory reply to Black's 15th move could not be found. Duras proposed the following: 16. R K5 By this move the dangerous attack of the "London Variation" was successfully parried and analysis proved that by it White could always draw the game. This is the contribution of Duras to the gam- bit and will remain one of its supporting columns for all time. However. Black still remained with another and apparently sound line of j attack, based on the following 12th move: QxRP. It was to dispose of this : line of play that the writers recently as- \ i sembled in Utica at the New York State- summer meeting, in order to renew the analysis of the gambit and to spare no effort in arriving at a satisfactory con- clusion as to its soundness and unsound- ness. At Utica the writers experimented with a line of play, beginning with Black's 16th move: P KtG. After con- siderable study it was agreed that this move gives White a good game. There- after, and at the Progressive Chess Club of New York, the analysis was renewed with the following 16th move for Black: Kt - Kt6. _ tl uiigest possible mdves"for Black, it was found that Black has three lines of play after White's 16th move, when Black's Bishop's Pawn is attacked : 1 P B6 2 P Ktfi 3 Kt KtO As to the first, it was found that White is enabled to score a win. The second, called the "Utica Varia- tion," gives White a good game and at no time are its chances for drawing jeopardized. The third alternative leads to the most intricate play and to a variety and depth of combinations which truly may be called artistic. Hut in no event, no mat- ter into what seemingly hopeless posi- tion the White King got, no matter how difficult it seems for White to hold the game, it successfully combats the attack of Black, utilizing beautiful play, and, finally, by disintegrating Black's attack, forces it back and gains the upper hand. In this variation, which leads to chess of consummate beauty, it is because the Rice Gambit opens up the opportunity for such play that it may be called a highly interesting contribution to the royal game. It may be asserted that, as a result of the latest^Qn/A'fTund 'and valid, within the limitations of all gambits. There is no attempt to claim here that White must win, but it is proved that White can draw in every variation. And the name of Professor Isaac L. Rice must now be inscribed in the Chess Hall of Fame as one whose genius contributed to the exploration of the beauties of the i oval game. J. BERNSTEIN. OSCAR CHAJES. DR. H. KEIDANZ. WM. G. MORRIS. E. TENENWURZEL. Hellbach Variation. 13. .. .Castles. I 1 t t t t t -a- VARIATION CV.* White. Bla 9. 10. R K P B3 Q K2 Kt R4 11. 13. P Q4 P KO Kt Q2 14. 15. 16. PxPch(b) P Q6 BxRch RxP(c) P B6(d) KxB 17. R K7ch K B3 18. 19. Q Q4ch QxKtch** Kt K4 (at This famous move was played first by Hellbach against Schischkin in the 13th round of the St. Petersburg Rice Gambit Tournament. It is the only game of the Normal variation, 12... Qx RP, played at that tournament. (hi White cannot take the piece "en prise." as Black would gain a winning advantage by occupying the King's file with his Rook. If, for instance. 14. Px Kt: then BxP; 15. Kt Q2 (best). QR - K; 16. RxR, RxR ; 17. Kt B (forced), R K8: 19. Q Q2 (if Q Q4, P Kt6 would win immediately), P B6 ; and now White is lost in every direction. I give briefly the five main lines of play: I. 20. Q Kt5ch, QxQ; 21. BxQ, RxR, II. 20. P KKt3,' "QxFcn, " Kt B5 wins. III. 20. Q B2, P Kt6; wins the i Queen or White will be mated shortly. IV. 20. PxP, PxP; 21. Q B2. QxB; | 22. QxR, Q Kt5ch. K B2; Q R5ch j wins the Queen. V. 20. P QKt3. Kt Ktfi; 21. Qx R, Q RSch; 22. K B2. PxP: 23. Ktx Kt. QxQch: 24. KxQ. P KtS (Queen's) ch; 25. Kt B. P Ktf>; 26. B- K3, Q R8; 27 K -K2. P Kt7: wins a piece. (c) 14...K.\P (see Variation 106); 14. . .K - Kt2 (see Variation 107 and all subsequent variations). (d) If 15...P Kt6, White wins easily hv 16. Q Q5. Q R7ch ; 17. K B, Q RSch; 18. K K2. P BGch ; 1<). \ QxP. Kt K5; 20. BxRch. etc. VARIATION CVI. 79 Whits. 9. R K 10. P B3 1 1 . P Q4 12. PxB 13. P K6 14. PxPch 15. P-Q6ch 16. B- Q3ch 17. R- K7 18. Kt- Q2 19. Kt B 20. Q B3 21. QxQ 22. KixP. 23. RxP Black. Q -K2 Kt R4 Kt Q2 QxRP Castles KxP K Kt3 K R3 QKt -B3 PxP(a) P KtG(b) Q Kt5 BxQ QR K R K8ch 13. 1' K6 Castles 14. PxPch K Kt2(a) 15. 16. Q Q4ch R K5 QKt -B3 ( b) P-BG(c) 17. 18. 19, R- Kt5ch P QGch BxBch KxP B K3(d) K- K(e) 20. 21. KB B4 B B Q~ K8ch P- B7ch 22. 23. 24. QxP KxQ K Kt QxQch Kt K5ch KtxR 24 Kt B and White's game is prefer- able. (a) If 18. . . Kt KtG; 19. Kt B would follow, with a playable game. (b) If 19. . .P Q4. then 20. P--K Kt3, Q -Kt4; 21. PxP. KtxP; 22. Kt- Kt3, etc.. with a good game. VARIATION CVII. 9. 10. 11. 12. White. R K P B3 P Q4 PxB Black. Q K2 Kr R4 Kt-Q2 QxRP 25. (a) On general principles, 14... K R; is inferior. (b) If 15. KKt B3; then 16 R -K2, P BO; 17. PxP. Q-Kt6ch; 18. R Kt2. Q KSch; 19. K R2, and Black must restrict himself to a draw by perpetual check. If he tries to win by 19. . .QxB. he would surely lose after 20 RxPch. K R (forced) ; 21. PQ6, etc. (O If 16. . .RxP, or B Q2; 17. BxP would follow, with a good game. (d) If Black dots not give away hi? Bishop, but plays K K at once, he would be mated in at least four moves, beginning with Q KSch, etc. (e) If 19...KxB; then White mates in three. t'tica Variation. 16. .. P-Ktfi. rt <% i t i 80 VARIATION CVIII. White. Black. 9. R K Q K2 10. P B3 Kt R4 11. P Q4 Kt Q2 12. PxB QxRP 13. P K6 Castles 14. PxPch K Kt2 15. Q Q4ch QKt B3 16. R K5 P Kt6(a) 17. Kt Q2 Q R7ch(b) 18. K B B Kt5(c) 19. Q Kt P B6(d) 20. KtxP BxKt 21. PxB Q R5 22. B K2 RxP 23. B KKt5** (a) Played in a consultation game be- tween Bernstein and Jaffe (White) against Chajes and Morris (Black), in the summer meeting of the New York State Chess Association, at Utica, 1915. (b) As White is threatening Kt B3, winning the Queen in two moves. Black is compelled to give the check on R7 without delay. If he plays 17. . . B Kt5, White, with 18. Kt B. avoids all diffi- culties. (c) If 18...B R6; (see Variation 111.) If 18...Q R8ch; then 19. Q Kt; and, after exchanging Queens, Black would have difficulty in holding the advanced Pawns on the King side and the end-game would surely result in a draw. If 18. . .K -Kt3; then 19. Kt - B3. Kt Kt5; 20. B -Q3ch. wins. (d) 19.. ; RxP; (see Variation 109). VARIATION CIX. White. Black. R K Q K2 P B3 Kt R4 P 04 Kt Q2 12. PxB QxRP 13. P K6 Castles 14. PxPch K Kt2 15. Q Q4ch QKt B3 16. R K5 P Kt6 17. Kt Q2 Q R7ch 18. K B B Kt5 19. Q Kt RxP(a) 20. Kt B3 BxKt 21. PxB QxQch(b) 22. KxQ R K 23. RxR KtxR 24. B Q2 R K2 25. R K RxRch 26. BxR and Black cannot force a win, although he has more movable forces than White at his disposal. (a) If 19. . .KxP; then 20. Kt B3, Bx Kt; 21. PxB, QxQch; 22. KxQ. R K; 23. R K6*. (b) 21... K R; (see Variation 110). If 20. . .Q B7; then 22. Q Q4, P B4; ! (if P Kt7ch; then 23. K Kt. Kt- Kt6; 24. B Q2, with a good game) ; 23. ' Q Q2, Q Kt3; 24. Q-K2 = VARIATION CX. White. Black 9. R K Q K2 10. P B3 Kt R4 1 1. P Q4 Kt Q2 12. PxB QxRP 13. P K6 Castles 14. PxPch K-Kt2 15. Q -Q4ch QKt B3 16. R - K5 P KtO 17. Kt Q2 Q R7ch 18. K B B Kt5 19. Q - Kt RxP 20. Kt B3 BxKt 21. PxB K R 22. Q Kt2 R Kt2(hi 23. B Q2 R KB 81 24. QR K 25. QxQ(c) 26. RxKt** Kt Kt5 PxQ (a) 22. QxQ, followed by 23. K Kt2, would be fatal on account of Black's rejoinder, R Kt2, threatening to double the Rooks and to draw the White King into a mating net. (b) If 22...Q R5; then 23. B Q2, Kt Kt5; 24. R K4, Kt R7ch ; 25. K K2, etc. (c) If 25. PxKt; Black would win by QxQch; 26. KxQ, P B6ch, etc. VARIATION CXI. White. Black. 9. RK Q K2 10. PB3 Kt R4 11. P Q4 Kt Q2 12. PxB QxRP 13. P K6 Castles 14. PxPch K Kt2 15. Q Q4 QKt B3 16. R K5 P Kt6 17. Kt Q2 Q R7ch 18. K B B R6 19. Q Kt Kt Kt5 20. R KtSch K R3(a) 21. Kt B3 QxQch(b) 22. KxQ Kt R7 23. RxP KtxR 24. KxKt** (a) If K takes the Pawn or moves anywhere else, White does not vary the line of play. (b) If 21... RxP; then 22. RxKtch, KxR; 23. KtxQ, would win. Progressive Variation. 16 Kt Kt6. K} ga it I i I *. /t . a ^ --Stis . 3-3 ' I A : K K3 and Black is obliged to draw 27. B -B4ch** the game. ta\ If 17 R_O2- IS P - Kt4. to be (ai 1! 20. . . KxB; then 2!. O K3ch. K R2: 22. B Q3ch. K Kt2: 23. Q Kt.^ch. and mate next move. If 21. . .K R2; then 22. R 7 <~ ch. KtxR: 23. B Q3. and mate next m u\\ ici It 24. . . KxB: then 25. Q K3ch. KxP; 26. R Qch. K B3 : 27. O B5. i d i It 23. . . K (): 26. PxPch, KxP: i K K2; 27. Q Kt4ch. KxB: 2-.. O K K2: 2!'. R KtTch. K K: 30 (.1 KI mat i. i : 27. R KtTch K Kr : followed by B -Kt2. etc. (b) 1S...B -Kto: sec Variation 119. IS. . . P B4: see Variation 120. (O \Vhite cannot take the Kni^lu. as he \vduid be mated in four moves at the mo: : . (d) It 21. KxKt: then Q Kt7ch. would follow, and. after 22. K -B4. !' B4. Black would reuain his piece with a winning advantage. lei If 24. . . K B4: then 2-. RxQ. B:-Kt: 26. R KKt.' with about even chances. VARIATION CXIX. White. Black. 9. R K Q K2 10. P--B3 Kt R4 11. P Q4 Kt Q2 12. PxB QxRP 13. P - KG Castles 14. PxPch K Kt2 15. Q Q4ch QKt- B3 10. R K5 Kt-KtG 17. Kt Q2 B B4 18. P Kt3 B-Kt3 19. B-Kt2 Kt B4(a) 20. QxBP Kt R4 21. Q R2 Q Kt4(b) 22. R - Q P KtG 23. OR Q B5 24, Kt -B3 :;:: ( a ) It 19.. .RxP; then 20. C with a good ;; a me. i b ) I [21... B3: then 22. R VARIATION CXX. White. Black. 9. R K Q-K2 10. P B3 Kt- R4 11. P Q4 Kt Q2 12. PxB QxRP 13. P KG Castles 14. PxPch K Kt2 15. Q-Qieh QKt - B3 16. R- K5 Kt- KtG 17. Kt Q2 B B4 18. P Kt3 P-B4 19. PxP QR Q 20. QxBP B Kt3iat 21. P . B7 Q RSch 22. K B2 RxKtch 23. BxR QKt K5ch 24. RxKt KtxReh 25. QxKt Q R5ch 20. P -Kt3* (a ) If 20. . .QKi R4; then 21 R6ch , K R; 22. P B7, R B; 2 Kt2, e t c . VARIATION CXXI. White. Black. 9. R K Q K2 10. P - B3 Kt R4 1 1. P Q4 Kt Q2 12. PxB QxRP 13. P- KG Castles 14. PxPch K Kt2 15. Q Q4ch QKt B3 16. R K5 Kt-KtG 17. Kt Q2 RxP 18. Kt B Q R8ch(ai 19. K - B2 P-BG(b) 20. B- RGch KxB(c) 21. Q B4ch K Kt2 22. KtxKt QxPch(d) 23. K K P B7ch(e) 24. K-Q Q BGch 25. QxQ PxQ 2G. K-Q2 B -R6 27. R R B Kt7 28. R R4 P KR4(f) 29. R KtSch K B(-) 30. K K3 R Kch 31. KxP Kt Kr5ch 32. KRxKt PxR 33. P -QG PxP 34. BxR KxB 35. RvP-: ( a If IS. . . P BG; before eh with the Queen at R8. then \Vh :kin- en White re- plies 19. B -RGch, and the variation re- mains substantially the same. This means onlv the transposition of the 122. It 1 36 K Kt3; then 21. KtxKt, QxPch; 22. K K3, KxB; (QxKt; 23. B B4, etc.); 23. Q B4ch, K Kt2; 24. R KtSch, and whether Black plays K R or K B, White would win by 25. P Q6, or if 20...QxB, then 21 KtxKt, PxP; 22. R R5. Q Kt3; 23. B Q3, wins. (d) If 22. . .QxR; then 23. Kt R5ch leads to a draw. Or if 22. . . Kt K5ch; then 23. K K3, RxQ; 24. KtxQ, PxP; 25. KxR* :;: . (e) If 23... B Q2; then 24. P-^Q6, KR B; 25. R K7ch. K R ; 26. K Q, QR-K; (QxKtP; 27. R B. B R5ch ; 28. K K, QR K; 29. Q R6, RxR; 30. PxR*) ; 27. Q R6, with a good game. (f) If 28. . .R K; then 29. RxR, KtxR; 30. K-K3, etc. (g) If 29...K R3; then 30. R K5, to be followed by 31. KtxP,*. Black gets into trouble, as his Queen is in danger of being captured. 9. 10. 1 1. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. ( a OxR VARIATION CXXII. \Vhite. Black. R K Q K2 P B3 Kt-~R4 P Q4 Kt Q2 PxB QxRP P K6 Castles PxPch K-Kt2 Q -Q4ch QKt -B3 R K5 Kt Kt6 Kt--Q2 RxP Kt B Q-R8ch K -B2 KKt- R4 RxKt QxR(a) BxP B - B4 Kt K3 Q Kt3 R K ;::::: ) If 20. . .P -Kt6ch; then 21. K 22. BxP, B Q2; 23. KtxP. K, and VARIATION CXXIII. White. Black. 9. R K Q K2 10. P B3 Kt R4 11. P Q4 Kt Q2 12. PxB QxRP 13. P K6 Castles 14. PxPch K Kt2 15. Q Q4ch QKt B3 16. R K5 Kt Kt6 17. Kt Q2 RxP 18. Kt B Q R8ch 19. K B2 Kt B4 20. QxBP Kt R5(a) 21. K K2 QxPch(b) 22. K Q Kt Kt3(c) 23. R Kt5 Kt K5(d) 24. RxKtch PxR 25. Q R6ch K Kt 26. QxPch K B 27. B R6ch, to be followed by 28. Kt Kt3. with an excellent game. (a) Black here can win the exchange by 20...Kt K5ch; but after 21. RxKt, Kt Q3; 22. R-K7. RxR; 23. Q Kt5ch. K B; (K B2; then Kt Kt3j : 24. Q R6ch, QxQ; 25. BxQch. K any; 26. B Kt3, could hardly realize his material advantage to a clear win. (b) If 21.. . KtxKtP; then 22. Q--Kt5 ch, K -R; 23. P Q6, threatening 24. Q>- Ktch ::: . (c) If 22...Q B6ch; then 23. QxQ, KtxQ; 24. R K2 = (d) If 23...Q B6ch; then 24. QxQ. PxQ; 25. B K3= VARIATION CXXIV. White. 9. R K 10. P- B3 11. P Q4 12. PxB 13. P K6 14. PxPch 15. Q Q4ch 16. R-K5 17. Kt- Q2 18. QxBP 19. Q R2 20. QxKtfhj 21. QxPch 22. Kt B3 23. QxQ Black. Q -K2 Kt R4 Kt Q2 QxRP Castles K Kt2 QKt B3 Kt KtG Kt B4 Kt R4 Q B3(a) QxR K R Q Kt2(c) KxQ 87 24. B B4 Kt-Q3 25. B Kt3 RxP 26. B K5ch and Black would not rea- lize his material advantage. (a) If l!)...Q.\Qch; then 20. KxQ, ; RxP; 21. P 0(i, PxP; 22. BxR. PxR; '' 23. BxKt,**. (h) If White moves his KR (except to I K6). Blaek would easily win by 21... I Q - Kt3ch; etc. And if White sacrifices the exchange on K6, Black replies BxR; and after PxB, White's game would be beyond salvation. (c) If 22. ..Q Kt6; then 23. QxQ. I KtxQ; 24. P -QO, with a winning at- tack. And if 22... Q moves elsewhere, i ir is to White's advantage. ss RICE GAMBIT BY CORRESPONDENCE. While the material for this pamphlet 5. Kt K5 was in course of preparation, my atten- 6. B B4 ticn was drawn to a game in the "Bal- 7. PxP tische Schachblaetter," Vol. II., which, 8. Castles(a) with the Rice Gambit tor its opening, ' 9. R K had been contested by correspond- 10. P B3 ence during the years 1904 and , 11. P Q4 1905, between Th. Germann. of Karls- 12. PxB ruhe. and Aug. Lueth. of Riga. By a 13. P QKt3(d) happy coincidence, this game ran along the very lines of the variation which Position after forms the basis of the analysis that has _. Black- been presented in this Supplement. 1 he Kt KB3 P Q4 B Q3 BxKt Q K2(b) Kt R4(c) Kt Q2 QKtxP White's 13th mo\ 14 pieces. player of the White pieces selected the ^ A continuation of 16. Kt - Q2, instead of T * ^T R--K5,as recommended by myself. Black won after a very interesting encounter, creditable alike to both players, and one which reflects credit also upon the in- jg, ventor of the gambit. The notes orig-

rgan. The Chess ( lor- spondent. Correspondence Chess League ofGreat- \ N. Y.. president; \\ r . P. Hickok. 39 Clare- mont place. Mount Vernon, N. Y.. secre- tary-treasurer; C. L. Rand, 618 Jeffer- son avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.. tournament director; official organ, the Cranford (X. J.) "Citizen." conducted by S. H. Chadwick. Illinois Correspondence Chess Asso- ciation Dr. \\". D. Robbins, 84 Illinois street, Chicago Heights. 111., director. Pennsylvania Chess Association P. B. Driver, Ridley Park, Pa., director. Nebraska Chess Association E. P. Sharp, 3435 R street. Lincoln. Neb., sec- retary. Cru's> Amateur Correspondence League (Canadian Branch') C.F.Davie, 203 Peinberton Bldg.. Fort street, Vic- toria, British Columbia. American tour- nament director. The Chess Correspondent Issued bi- monthly: yearly subscription. $.50: edit- ed and published by Dr. \V. C. Browne. Burnside. Pa. 91 CORRESPONDENCE CHESS HINTS. Walter Penn Shipley, of Philadelphia, president of the Franklin Chess Club of that city. \vho, by reason of his strength as a player over the board and by cor- respondence, is an acknowledged authority on the subject, prepared an "Open Letter'' for the benefit of the participants in the huge inter-State team match between New York and Pennsylvania, in which 254 players figured on each side, under date of November 9, 1001. It is reproduced in large part herewith for the benefit of correspondence players generally. Mr. Shipley emphasizes the impor- tance of keeping a scrap-book of the best published games grouped under the various openings, with their sub-divisions. The name of Mr. Shipley will have a weight with chess players such as few others would command. The text of the "Open Letter" in question, slightly abridged, is as follows: If by a careless or hasty move a fine posi- tion, or even one of the games is lost, do not applicable in correspondence play. Always assume your opponent will make the best be discouraged. Forget that you had ?. win- play. If in an intricate position there ap- nir.g game and allowed it to slip through vour : pears to be an inviting lire of play that is fingers. Play the game from its present po- j brilliant and sound except for one reply, and sition with renewed energy, a draw is almost | that difficult to see, and even if found by as good as a win. If, however, the game is j your opponent does not mean sure defeat for hopelessly lost, resign it, and fight the harder ; you, leave that inviting line of play alone, on the remaining game. Do not, however, and play a hard, safe game. Brilliant lines for an instant let the thought enter your mind of play are always tempting, but unless you that because you have lost one game you ; see clearly the conclusion they are "a de- must win the other. Play steadily; any one ' lusion and a snare." The annotator of your that goes out of his way to hastily force a j game will likely say you clearly overlooked win out of an even position is almost certain such and such beautiful continuation and to obtain an inferior game. A draw is al- ' will give some lines of play that might, with ways creditable in a match. I do not advise | the assistance of inferior play on the part of timidity: but do not venture carelessly on ' your opponent, have taken place, while he unknown grounds. Take no chances. ' will entirely overlook the best line of defense. Steinitz said he always, in every position. That is to be expected. The criticism of the playod against the board: this is especially j average annotator amounts to nothing. If, however, you had a bad game, some- times it is good generalship to take chances; in this, you must be the judge. I particularly caution you all against being in a hurry to finish the game. The pleasure is in the play, not in the conclusion of a game. If you have a fine position, do not get pro- voked and impatient if your opponent takes all the time allowed him under the rules; and above all do not try to even matters by rush- ing oft your answers. Never reply to a move the same day it is received; look at the posi- tion that day and then again the following day. No matter how many hours' study you may have given a position, you \\ill be aston- ished how often a five minutes' study the fol- lowing day, when your brain is clear, will upset analysis which seemed conclusive. The great Steinitz once, after hours of study and analysis, announced that he had discovered a simple yet perfect defense to the Evans Gambit; he was so sure, that the analysis was copyrighted, over a column given to it in the "New York Sun," and copies mailed all over the world. But as soor. as published a Kt player, after five min- utes' looking at the position, proved con- clusively that by a simple sacrifice, a com- bination two moves deep, Steinitz's perfect defense was an absolutely lost game. Steinitz was deeply mortified, but his only reply was that "even masters blunder." I revise against sending conditional move? unljs? your opponent's reply is forced. Do not ;. frord your opponent the opportunity of consic'ering se\ eral lines of play, knowing in advance definitely your reply. And ever, if your opponent's reply is forced, if the posi- tion is intricate, by not forestalling his reply you nair extra time for careful study. It is - better to look at a position, say half iv for three days, than an hour half one dav. It cannot be overemphasized not to be in a hurry with your game; if you do not feel like studying the game one day, put it away and look at it the following day. Your ten days of extra time are for use. When your game is hopelessly lost, re- sign; but if you have any chances other than that of your opponent making a rank over- sight, worry along; many a bad game has been won because the player with the upper hand became careless or impatient. How often you hear a player say, "Yes, I had a won game, but invariably when I have a win- ning advantage I lose interest, become care- less, and throw the game away." This statement, as a rule, is exaggerated. The player may have had a winning game, but it took good play to win, and, if the truth were known, he mentally scored that game as won, and then was too lazy to do any further work. Never go back while a game is in progress and see what might have been done. Play the position as it is; waste no time over vain regrets. These are always demoralizing and take away the keen edge of thought necessary for successful analysis. Now lor a Few Practical Hints. As soon as your opponent's card is re- ceived mark on the addressed side the day and hour received, then put it in your pocket- book to study at your leisure. Keep the cards of each game separate in a pack with an elastic band around them. On the outside have a blank card the same size as the postal cards upon which to keep the score, if such a card is properly ruled, you can easily keep on it 18 or 20 moves. Always mark on your score card the date you mail your reply and the number of extra days, if any, used. When you take extra time be sure and notify your opponent of the days taken, otherwise he has the right to score the game on rime limit. 93 Never ask for a move back nor allow your opponent to retract a move, no matter how gross was his error; accuracy in writing out moves is part of the game in correspondence play. Adhere strictly to all the rules, espe- cially time limits, and compel your opponent to do the same. Always look twice at your card after you have written down your move and compare it with the position; about ten per cent, of correspond.*!^ games are lost by clerical errors. I recommend the following form for your correspondence : Until the game has progressed at least 12 moves, with each move, play the game over by vour score card from the start. Never rely on your memory for the posi- tion. After the game has progressed 12 or 15 moves, make a diagram of the position, and having made sure your diagram is cor- rect, thereafter play the moves over from the diagram. This method has the advantage not only of avoiding mistakes, but by playing over the last few moves combinations are recalled which otherwise would have been forgotten. In an intricate position do not rely for study entirely on your pocket chessboard, but frequently place the game on a board similar to the ore you use at the club. As I have been asked by many competitors in this match what books I should recom- mend, I give the following list: Chess Openings, Ancient and Modern. Freeborough & Rankin; 82.00. Cook's Compendium (with Emery's Supple- ment), S2.50. Modern Chess Openings. Griffith & White; SI. 00. Modern Chess Primer. Cunnir.gton; 81.50. Chess Strategy. Edward Lasker; 82.00. St. Petersburg Tournament Book, 1909. Dr. E. Lasker; 82.50. The Chess Digest. M. Morgan; Vols. 1, 2, 3, each, 83.50. The Chess Digest. M. Morgan; Vol. 4, 85.00. American Chess Bulletin, 150 Nassau street, New York; per year, 82.00. British Chess Magazine, Leeds, England; per year, 82.00. Chess Amateur, Stroud, England; per year, 81.50. The various items in the foregoing list may be obtained through the Amer- ican Chess Company, 150 Nassau street, New York. Bear in mir.d, however, that a corre- spondence player should not rely blindly on the accuracy of any book variation or analy- sis. The books are most useful as guides and offer valuable suggestions of various lines of play; but, in many cases, that is all. Lasker once said, "Show me any three variations in the German Handbook, and 1 will show you two that are imperfect," and I believe he was right; yet there is no more accurate book on the openings than the Ger- man Handbook. 'J4 RULES FOR CORRESPONDENCE PLAY. Correspondence players arc not exactly of one mind with regard to the rules under which they are accustomed to conduct their games. Some day we mm hope tor a code universally accepted and used. In the meantime, we can merely place at the disposal of our readsrs such rules as have been most generally in vogue. \\". ^loffatt. oi England, is the pioneer in the attempt to attain common ground for this purpo>e and his first draft for an international code is submitted, together with several sets of rules which have done dutv on this side of the water. AMJLO-AMEKICAN (HESS CODK. I 'ART III. Unit's lor Correspondence Play. In these rules the King move penalty does not occur. The time regulation is. in princi- (ci If a player exceeds the time allowed for making his moves his opponent must claim the game 1 .*" (di Unless otherwise agreed a record is "despatched" by a player when it is posted dress. (ei A player's time is reckoned from "re- twenty move,, the average time allowed per , cei P r to "despatch." move is three minutes. If in correspondence i (fl If a re -ived record is faulty the re- twentv ceiver is allowed two days for making the play the time allowed for making moves is tony days, the average time allowed per move is two days (forty-eight hours i. In both cases time saved can be utilized later. 1. THE USE OF BOOKS. PERSONAL ASSISTANCE FORBIDDEN. During the game a player may consult works on chess, but may not receive advice from any other player as to the conduct of the game. 2. THE "AVERAGE" TIME REGULATIONS. lai Each player is allowed 40 days for his first 2d moves. (i() days for his first 30 moves, and so on.* ibi Time not exceeding 24 hours is reck- oned as one da'/; time exceeding 24 hours and not exceeding 48 hours is reckoned as two davs. and so on. ceiver is allowed two day: demand for its amendment. Any excess over two days must be reckoned as playing time- spent by the exceeder. (gi The following are not reckoned in either player's time: Sunday, any general holiday, and any day specified by either player with reasonable notice to his oppo- nent.** *By this rule an average of two days is allowed tor each move. If not considered sufficient, 2 .. 2 , 2 . or 3 days may be adopted. 95 3. MOVES IRREVOCABLE. A player who has despatched the record of a move of his own must abide by the record so despatched; he may not alter it by addition or otherwise, except in compliance with a legal requirement. 4. ILLEGAL MOVES. If a player, for the first time in the game, ; despatches a record which can not be inter- preted as expressing a legal move, the oppo- j nent must require him to amend the record | i so as to express a legal move. If the de- ! faulter's amended record, or his record of any ( subsequent move of his own in the game, can j not be interpreted as expressing a legal move, j he forfeits the game. 5. AMBIGUOUS RECORDS. i (a) If a player, for the first time in the game, despatches a record consistent with each of two or more legal moves, the oppo- nent must require him to amend the record so as to express only one of these moves. (b) If in the same game the same player commits a further offense of this kind, the opponent may select any one of the legal moves consistent with the ambiguous record (specifying with the reply-move the move selected) and the offender must adopt the move thus selected. (o If a player receives a record consistent with each of two or more legal moves, and without pointing out the ambiguity sends the record of a move in reply, his opponent shall be allowed to select which of the legal moves aforesaid the ambiguous record shall be in- terpreted f o mean: and if a move differing from this interpretation has been adopted it must be annulled, together with any moves that have been adopted subsequently to it. id) A record may not be treated as am- biguous if it is accompanied by a continuation which determines the interpretation. i). REPLY RECORDS. A player sending a reply-record must specify : ill The move land the number of the move i to which he is replying. t2 i The number of his reply-move; and (3 1 The time (in days i he has occupied between the receipt of his opponent's record and the despatch of his reply-record. * A player complying with a legal require- ment must specify the time (in daysi he has occupied between the receipt of the require- ment and the despatch of the reply. If a player in sending in a reply-record or in complying with a legal requirement omits any specification due from him under this rule, his opponent must require him to supply the omission or omissions. If the defaulter refuses, he forfeits the game. '"Suppose the "receipt" is on February 3 and the "despatch" on February 4. The player only can tell whether the time occupied is one day or two days. Sunday or other day not reckoned may occur between "receipt" and "despatch." Hence for his own protection the player should report the time occupied. A case of default is easily proved by the pro- duction of the reply-records. 96 NATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE CHESS ASSOCIATION TOURNAMENT RULES. 1. Time Limit Time is reckoned in days, fractions of a day to count as whole day, and starts \vith the actual personal receipt of a move, stopping when the reply is posted. All games in N. C. C. A. tournaments are subject to the following schedule and. in case a player oversteps the limit, he may either pay a fine to the treasurer of the association of fifty cents a day for each day he has run over, or he must resign the game. No. moves. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 No. of days. 10 30 50 65 80 95 HO.etc. The amount of time used should be checked up every ten days as indicated. This schedule allows the saving of time for critical positions by moving rapidly in the opening. 2. Vacations Any player can take a vaca- tion of two weeks at any time, but he must notify all his opponents and the tournament director on or before the vacation is to start. Only one such vacation is allowed to any member in any one year. 3. Sickness If a player is compelled to drop out of the first- round of any tournament by sickness before he has completed any games, his tournament fee will be refunded to him if he presents a physician's certificate to the President. 4. A player who has despatched a record of a move of his own must abide by the record so despatched. However, if the move be made while under mistaken ideas of the position of the men (that is, having the pieces incorrectly set up i and it is evidently a mistake and a losing move, the adversary may allow the player at fault to retract the move upon pay- ment of a fine of Si. 00 to the Treasurer of the Association. 5. If a player for the first time in a game despatches a record which cannot be inter- preted as expressing a legal move, the oppo- nent must require him to amend the record so as to express a legal move. This must be done the same day the bad move is received, and all the time consumed between that date and the date when the corrected move is received will be charged against the player at fault; provided, however. in case this makes him overstep the time limit at the next day of reckoning, that he be allowed to check up his time ten moves further on instead. If he is still over he must suffer the usual penal- ties. In case of a repetition of this offense, the player at fault must immediately suffer the usual penalties, as in cross-board play. In case of an ambiguous move, the first fault is treated as above, but if repeated, the player receiving may interpret the move at his volition. Penalties of this sort must be sent with the next reply. 6. Consultation with other players is strict- ly prohibited. 7. Upon the completion of a game, the winner must send the score to the tournament director, who will place it on file. This may be done immediately, but must be done before the close of the round or the player will not receive credit for the win. 8. Games of a withdrawing player which have been finished will stand, but he must forfeit all other games. The fees of with- drawing players will not be returned, except as mentioned, in case of serious sickness. 9. Questions not covered in these rules will be decided by the tournament director, in con- sultation with the President. 97 PILLSBURY NATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE CHESS ASSOCIATION TOURNAMENT RULES. 1. P. N. C. C. A. tournaments are open to all members of the Association. I 2. No player shall be required to play over \ four games at one time.* Players, however, : wishing to plav more than the four games simultaneously will, as far as possible, be j accommodated. 3. Each player in a section shall play at j least one game with every other member in that section; drawn games to count one-half to each player. 4. The players (the number to be deter- mined by entries) in each section having the best score shall play a final round, to be gov- erned by the same rules as the preliminary round, each player playing one game with every other player. The winner in each division shall have the privilege of challeng- ing the champion of that division for title and cup, the matches to be arranged by the tour- nament committee. 5. Special prizes for brilliant games, an- nounced mates, etc., shall apply equally to any- game played in the tournament, whether pre- liminary or final round. They shall also apply to games when one of the players has subse- quently withdrawn from the tournament, pro- vided that the winner of such prize in a game of this description be the player remaining in the tournament. No prize shall be awarded to a player withdrawing from the tourna- ment. ti. Players withdrawing from the tourna- ment shall forfeit all games finished or un- finished; provided, if two or more players have completed their games with a withdraw- ing player, the actual results of games so finished shall be taken where it affects the standing, against each other, of players so concerned. The entrance fee of" withdrawing players will not be returned. 7. In the event of two players tieing for first place in the preliminary round, the player winning the individual game will be entitled to said place. If this game was drawn, both contestants will enter the second round. 8. If two or more players in the final round made equal scores and tie for first place, a match between those concerned shall decide the winner. 9. The time limit between receiving and posting replies shall not exceed seventy-two (72) hours, Sundays excepted, and in case of a violation of this rule without reasonable cause (the referee to decide what is a reason- able cause), the player violating the rule shall forfeit the game; provided, however, that a player has, in each game he plays, seven days of extra time, which he may avail himself of, a day at a time (fractions of a day to count as a whole dayi, or two or more days consecu- tively; but in taking advantage of this rule the player exceeding his time limit must, in sending his reply to his opponent, upon which reply he has taken over the seventy-two hours, notify him as to the extent or exact amount of extra time taken. 10. The winner of each game, or in case of 98 a draw, the first player shall forward in five days -he score of game to the recording secretary. If this is not done the referee -hall have power to cancel said game. 11. A move once despatched cannot be re- called. If a legal move, it must be abided by. It' an illegal move, it will be subjected to the ?ame penalties as for a false move played with an opponent vis a vis (except in case of first oftense provided for in rule 16 i. The rules of the American Chess Code to govern. 12. Neither player shall be obliged to send more than one move at a time; but if either choose to send more, the moves so sent must be considered irrevocable, if legal, and punished in the manner before stated, if un- lawful. 13. \Vhen several moves are sent at once and one of them is found illegal, the sender must suffer the punishment for a false move and the game proceed from that point. The subsequent moves which were forwarded with the illegal one must, however, in that case, be cancelled. 14. If a player assumes that his adversary will make certain moves, and sends hypothetical moves, they shall not be binding, unless ihe adversary makes the moves assumed. A series of hypothetical moves must be answered within the time limit, i. e., seventy-two hours. 15. If a player sends more than one move, the adversary may select which he pleases. Iti. A player sending false or illegal move, fir a move bearing more than one interpreta- tion, shall be at once notified by his oppo- nent, and such player may then correct error, provided he do ?,o within twelve (12) hours after receiving opponent's notification. And tor this offense he shall suffer no penalty. except that two days of his extra time, as provided for in rule 9, if he has that amount left, otherwise all the spare time that remains shall be deducted; provided, however, that no player is to have the advantage of this rule more than once in a game. 17. A move not intelligibly described incurs the penalty of sending no move. though in this event the receiver is bound at once to notify the opponent that move was unintelligible. \X. If a move bear more than one interpre- tation, the player receiving it shall give his own interpretation of said move, with his reply, and moves so made shall be final i ex- cept as in case of first offense, provided for in rule 16 1. If this is not done, the move must be interpreted according to the intention of sender. 19. Every player shall be .entitled to a vacation of four weeks in each year, taken consecutively for a week at a time. The player claiming vacation must forward his moves to his opponent, stating the number of weeks he proposes to take, and at the same time notify the corresponding secretary. His opponent shall not be bound to mail replies until such time has elapsed. 20. The referee shall decide all disputes arising, being governed by above rules as far as practicable. In case of referee resigning or being unable to act. the executive com- mittee shall select a substitute. 21. A player being sick or otherwise un- able to continue his games, providing none of the players in his section object, may have a substitute play for him until he is able to resume games. 22. Contestants are placed strictly on their honor not to consult in tournament play, and any known infraction of this trust will subject offenders to forfeiture of rank and score. 99 CONTENTS. Appendix 90 Introduction 5 A'liscellaneous Games 43 Rice Gambit (53 Rice, Prof. Isaac L 64 Riga C. C. Tournament Committee. ( Frontispiece ) CLUBS Riga vs. Berlin 19, 24, 36, 39 Riga vs. Moscow 10, 13, 27, 32 Riga vs. Orel 7, 9 Riga vs. Stockholm 15, 17 PLAYERS- Bartoschkiewitsch 54 Behting. .44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54,56 Chardin 49 Germann 88 Gruenthal 60, 61 Kreuzstein 60, 61 Lueth 56, 88 Niemzowitsch 47 Otto 51 Romaschkewitsch 52 Sybin 53 Tolstoi 48 Tschigorin 44, 45 Wittram (A. and T.).. .58 OPENINGS Double Ruy Lope/ 24, 36, 39 French Defense 32, 44 Giuoco Piano 17, 53 King's Gambit 60 Kieseritzky Gambit 61 I Petroff Defense 7 Philidor Defense 47 I Queen's Gambit Declined 9, 27, 51 Rice Gambit 88 i Ruy Lopez 13, 15, 19, 45, 48, 54, 58 Sicilian Defense 52 Three Knights 49 Vienna , 10, 56 RICE GAMBIT ANALYSIS Duras Analysis 70 Duras Variation 72 Hellbach Variation 78 Jasnogrodsky Defense 71 Progressive Variation 81 Utica Variation 79 CORRESPONDENCE CHESS Anglo-American Rules 94 Correspondence Chess Hints 91 Correspondence Play in America 90 National C. C. A. Tourn. Rules 96 Pillsbury N. C. C. A. Tourn. Rules 97 Rules for Correspondence Play 94 100 AMERICAN CHESS BULLETIN (BOUNDED IN 19O4) DEVOTED EXCLUSIVELY TO THE INTERESTS OF CHESS PLAYERS IN AMERICA AND ABROAD. GAMES, PROBLEMS, NEWS, ANALYSES AND SPECIAL ARTICLES PUBLISHED MONTHLY FROM NOVEMBER TO APRIL AND BI-MONTHLY FROM MAY TO OCTOBER. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, $2.00 A YEAR PUBLISHERS : HARTWIG CASSEL & HERMANN HELMS 150 NASSAU ST. NEW YORK THE CHESS CORRESPONDENT A Bi-Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Interests of Correspondence Chess. W. C. BROWNE, M. D., Editor, - BURNSIDE, PA. SUBSCRIPTION : FIFTY CENTS PER YEAR. TEN CENTS PER COPY. CHESS BY MAIL CORRESPONDENCE BUREAU BURNSIDE, PA. ONE ROUND CORRE- NEW SERIES SPONDENCE TOURNAMENTS. EVERY THREE MONTHS. WRITE FOR FULL DETAILS OF THESE INTERESTING TOURNAMENTS. - UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. -*. ^^Sr g '96f 1 ! S i j P *i /I , ' / \3 ,0 4 367961