3TA.CK ANN'HX ' It/Si RABBINICAL VOCABULARY LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, AN ANALYSIS OF THE GRAMMAR, ADAPTED EXPRESSLY FOR THE MISHNA, AND THE PERUSHIM. EDINBURGH: ROBERT YOUNC, FOREIGN BOOKSELLER, AKD PRINTEK, HEAD OF THE MOfND. PREFACE. The uninspired literature of the Hebrews embraces almost every department of human knowledge; for, from the destruction of Jerusalem until the present day, there has never ceased in Israel a numerous class of individuals, who spend their lives in literary la- bours. This is true of the Jewish nation in every country whither it has been scattered. In Palestine, Babylon, Arabia, Egypt, Spain, Germany, France and Poland, they can reckon up a long list of names of enviable celebrity. During what are called the dark ages, when the nations of Europe were immer- sed in the grossest ignorance, when kings and nobles and bishops were unable to write their own names, Saadias Gaon, Izchaki, Balam, Maimonides, Aben Tibbon, Kimchi, Aben Ezra, arid numerous other dis- tinguished men flourished among the Jews. While many of these were engaged in the elucidation of the Scripture and its laws, others studied philosophy, philology, physic, astronomy, mathematics, history, grammar, and poetry. Neither did they neglect the works of Gentile antiquity; they translated into He- brew and Arabic the works of Aristotle, Galen, &c., as in latter times they have also translated such authors as Ovid, Milton, Thomson, Tasso, Fenelon, 2069945 IV and others. It is scarcely an exaggeration to say, " that no nation in the universe can, during a period of full five hundred years, produce a line of men so truly eminent, so universally learned, as can the Jews of Spain from the year 980 until their expulsion from that kingdom in the year 1492." The language in which most Jewish works are written, though generally included under the common appellation of HEBREW, presents certain diversities of dialect and style, which may be denominated the Targumical, the Rabbinical, and the Biblical. I. The TARGUMICAL, or Chaldee. In this dialect are written : First, the Translations or Paraphrases of the Sacred Scriptures into the Chaldee language, which are usually called Targums ; Secondly, the Gemara, or Annotations on the Mishna, the two together forming the Talmud ; and Thirdly, the Zohar, and the greater part of the works written on the Cabbala. It is now generally believed, that, when the Jews were carried captive to Babylon by command of Nebuchadnezzar, they lost, during the seventy years' captivity, the pure use of the Hebrew tongue, and acquired the Chaldean dia- lect of their conquerors. This is at least probable, and appears to be supported by Neh. viii. 8, "So they read in the book in the law of God distinctly, and gave the sense, and caused them to understand the reading." From this passage it is inferred, that when the law was read to the people in the original Hebrew, it was translated into the vernacular tongue (Chaldee) by an interpreter appointed for that pur- pose, that the people might understand it thorough- ly. As this translation was at first extempore, it afforded ample scope for diversity of interpretation, and doubtless a gradual desire was excited for a translation which might be committed to writing, and thus rendered accessible to all, and more stable in its interpretation of the Sacred Text. According to Jewish tradition, Onkelos, a proselyte to Judaism, was the first to accomplish this object, about the beginning of the Christian era. He translated the whole of the Five Books of Moses into Chaldee. His translation is very close, almost word for word with the original Hebrew. In a very few instances, he paraphrases the text, for the purpose of explain- ing obscure, indelicate, and anthropomorphic phrases when applied to God. If we were certain that his translation has come down to us uncorrupted, it would prove an unexceptionable witness to the genuineness of the present Hebrew text. However this may be, no real biblical scholar will willingly allow himself to remain unacquainted with so ancient a document as the Chaldee Targum of Onkelos on the Pentateuch. The popularity of Onkelos would appear to have stirred up the zeal and learning of Jonathan Ben Uzziel, about forty years after the beginning of the Christian era, to translate the historical and pro- phetical books of the Old Testament into Chaldee. He is said to have been a disciple of the well known Hillel, whose opinions have tended so much to per- petuate the oral law of Rabbinism. Jonathan Ben Uzziel, having a much more difficult task to accom- plish than Onkelos, has accordingly failed to attain to the critical and grammatical accuracy of the latter. His language is less pure, it contains numerous Greek and Latin words, and he does not hesitate to para- phrase the original text when he thinks proper. It is accordingly less esteemed by critical students of the Old Testament, though various Rabbis and traditions have declared it to be divinely inspired. VI There is also a Tavgum on the Pentateuch, which has been ascribed to Jonathan Ben Uzziel, but its style and tone are so different from the writings of the true Jonathan, that the supposition is now discarded. It is generally called " the Targum of the Pseudo- Jonathan on the Pentateuch." It is paraphrastic in the extreme, and is principally valuable for the great amount of Jewish tradition which it contains. It is probably of the seventh century. There is a third Targum on the Pentateuch, com- monly called the " Jerusalem Targum." Its origin and authorship is totally unknown. It is not com- plete, wanting whole verses and chapters at a time, The general opinion now is, that it is a collection of fragments of the " Targum of the Pseudo-Jonathan just mentioned, with glosses interspersed. It is also of the same legendary character. The Targums on the remaining books of the Old Testament, viz., Ruth, Esther, Ecclesiastes, Song- of Solomon, and Lamentations, together with the Books of Chronicles, are generally ascribed to Rabbi Joseph the blind, Rector of an Academy at Babylon in the year 600. They can scarcely be called translations, as they are intermixed with ex- tensive commentaries on the sacred text, chiefly of an allegorical kind. To those who desire to culti* vate an acquaintance with the Jewish traditions of that period, we can hardly recommend anything better suited for that purpose than these Targums. There are no Targums extant on the Books of Daniel, Ezra, and Nehemiah, though a few scattered allusions to such Targums are to be found in the Talmud, and in the writings of various Rabbis. Some are of opinion that the reason why these books were not translated into Chaldee, was, that us great vu portions of Daniel and Ezra were originally written in that language, the Jews were afraid, lest, if Tar- gums were made on these Books, they might in course of time be confounded with the sacred originals ; and as Nehemiah was always reckoned a part of the Book of Ezra, it also was left untouched. In connection with this subject it may be interesting to state, that when Kennicott was preparing the vari- ous readings of his Hebrew Bible, he found a MS. in Rome, containing a Translation into HEBREW of all the CHALDEE Portions of Daniel and Ezra, This Kennicott printed in his Hebrew Bible, from which it was copied by the present writer, and published separately in a small portable form, along with the original Chaldee text, and the corresponding Syriac and Greek Versions. One feature of the Targums peculiarly interesting is the numerous references in them to the promised Messiah. In a little work entitled D'DUinn rip 1 " 5 JT8?Dn hy "Christologyof the Targums," we have collected together all these references along with the Hebrew text of the several passages commented on, to which we have added an English translation, which may be serviceable to those who have not access to the Targums themselves. Having thus stated what is generally known .re- garding the Targums, we may notice a few things connected with the " Gemara," which is so called from a Chaldee word signifying completion, because it completes the oral law by its subtile disquisitions on disputed portions of the Mishna. To those who may wish to be acquainted with the origin, nature, character, and contents of the Mishna, we may be allowed to refer to our own Edition of the " Pirke vni Aboth," or Ethics of the Fathers, in Hebrew and English, at the end of which will be found appended the most copious account of the contents of the Mishna, perhaps to be found in the English langu- age. Suffice it to say at present, that about A. D. 190, Jehudah the holy, the head of the Jewish Academy at Tiberias, collected together the prin- cipal traditional explanations of the Mosaic law that he could find among his colleagues and others. This compilation he called the Mishna, or "repetition" of the Mosaic law, and it was gradually adopted as a standard authority on such matters. About the year 270 Rabbi Johanan of Jerusalem compiled from various sources a commentary on it, which he called the Gemara (or completion), which, when joined together, completed the work now known as the " Jerusalem Talmud." Rabbi Ashe, and Rabbi Abina of Babylon, about the year 420 commenced another and much more extensive Commentary (or Gemara) on the " Mishna " of Rabbi Jehudah, and the two when combined together form the " Babylon- ian Talmud," the best edition of which is in thirteen folio volumes, printed at Amsterdam 1750-7. The Gemara of both Talmuds are written in ^ corrupt Chaldee dialect, and are almost unintelligible to- any one who has not received a Jewish training. While several Jewish Rabbis are enthusiastic in praising it, declaring that "the Scripture is like water, the Mishna like wine, and the Gemara like spiced wine," Gentile readers are by no means of this opinion. The ZOHAR is a Cabbalistic Commentary on por- tions of the Scriptures, and is said to have been writ- ten by Rabbi Simeon Ben Johanan, or some of his disciples, about the year 120. It, as well as its IX numberless commentaries, are full of the most sin- gular reveries that can well he imagined. II. RABBINICAL. In this dialect are written the text of the Mishna, the Scripture Commentaries, the Prayer Books, and generally all historical, gramma- tical, and poetical works. Having sufficiently spoken of the Mishna under the preceding head, we pass at once to the D^IIS Perushim or Scripture Comment- aries. The principal writers of these are Rabbi Solo- mon Izchaki, commonly called RASHI ; Rabbi David Kimchi, sometimes called RABAK, Rabbi Aben Ezra, Rabbi Solomon Ben Melech, Abarbanel, Alsheich, Saadias Gaon, &c. There is considerable diversity in the style of these writers. Thus RASHI, having been for a long period engaged in writing annota- tions on the Talmud, insensibly imbibed its obscure, concise, corrupt style, and introduces words which properly belong to what we have denominated the Targumical dialect ; whereas Kimchi, a professed grammarian and lexicographer, wrote in a compara- tively pure, grammatical, biblical manner. Aben Ezra is more philosophical in his language and modes of thought that any of the others, while Abar- banel is fluent and energetic. The term COMMENTARY is scarcely correct when applied to the majority of the Jewish 0^1*13 Pemshim. The writers are rather scholiasts than commentators; their attention is more taken up with the grammatical meaning of the Text, than with its theological or dogmatic bearings. We cannot, however, but concur in the opinion of Gesenius, whose leanings, moreover, were by no means Jewish, when he says in his " Geschich- te der Hebraischen Sprache," page 102. " The judicious commentator will know how to use much in them that is indisputably true and good; a facility in understanding these sources is indispensably neces- sary to every respectable interpreter." To which we may add the testimony of Dr M'Caul, that " a com- parison with the rabbis would show that our trans- lators were deeply read in, and diligent in consulting the best Jewish authorities, and would go far towards proving that we have great reason to be satisfied with, and thankful for, our English translation." The most complete Collection of these Commen- taries is to be found in the Great Rabbinical Bibles, published by Bomberg, at Venice, 1518, 1526, 1549, 1568, 1617; by Buxtorf, at Basil, 1618-19; by Frankfurter, at Amsterdam, 1724-7, the last men- tioned being by far the most extensive and complete. It is in four thick volumes folio. The only English Version of any of these Pe- rushim is Dr M'Caul's translation of "Kimchi on the Prophecies of Zechariah." He speaks in his preface of having nearly finished a version of " Saadias Gaon on Daniel, " but it has not yet ap- peared. We may mention, that some time ago we commenced and finished a translation of Saadias Gaon on " the Chaldee Portions of Daniel," and of Aben Ezra on the " Chaldee Portions of the Book of Ezra," as a companion to the edition of " the Original Chal- dee Text of Daniel and Ezra, with the corresponding [Rabbinical] Hebrew, Syriac and Greek Versions," mentioned above, but whether it will ever see the light it is impossible to say. We cannot, at present, enter farther into the cha- racter of the numberless works which are commonly in use among the Jews. They embrace, as we have already said, every branch of literature, but the disagreeable round Rabbinical character in which they are printed, together with the inferior paper usu- XI ally employed, greatly hinder the general use of them by Gentiles. The characteristics of this Dialect will be clearly seen on examining the brief Analysis at the end of the Vocabulary. III. BIBLICAL. There are few authors that can be comprized under this head. Perhaps Kimchi, Weizel, and Luzzatto, may form a majority of them. The following Vocabulary is designed for the se- cond of the above mentioned classes. It is to be regretted that any one acquainted with the Hebrew text of the Old Testament should be hindered from studying the Mishna and the Perushim, when the lan- guage is so easily acquired after a previous know- ledge of Biblical Hebrew. One great cause is, that the ordinary Hebrew Lexicons do not contain the additional words used by the Rabbis, and the general impression is, that these words are very nu- merous. It is not so. We believe the present Voca- bulary contains by far the majority of the words most in use in these writings, and we think that no intelligent reader will be at a great loss to master any of them with its assistance. To those who de- sire a more extensive work, we may recommend Buxtorf s Rabbinical, Talmudical, and Chaldee Lexi- con, in Latin ; Nork's Heb.-Chald.-Rab. Worter- buch, in German, Dessauer's Aram,-Chald.-Rab. "Worterbuch, also in German, Hartmanc's Supple- ment to Buxtorf 's and Gesenius' Lexicon, and his Thesaurus, both in Latin. The principal grammatical works on the Rab- binical dialect are those of Alting, Danz, Genebrard, Keller, Reland, Cellarius and Tychsen, all in Latin; and those of Faber, Geigner, Landau, Gratz, Dukes, Xll Luzzatto, and Lowison, all in German; the only one in English we ever saw is Nolan's Hebrew Grammar, at the end of which is appended the short analysis which we have transcribed, corrected, and arranged in more distinct order, comparing it with several of those above mentioned, especially Cellarius. Another great difficulty in the reading of Rabbini- cal works which ought not to be overlooked, is the numberless contractions made use of. Phrases which frequently occur are not written in full, but only the first letter of each word. Thus writing of God, they often say, K1p| *]l"ll ^HpH (the Holy One, blessed be He), but, instead of writing it in full, they write n":ipn. So also for D^iroi DWM rnin ff (the Law, the Prophets, and the Psalms,) they write "| 3H, and so on. This occasions great inconvenience to the beginner, and as every one is at liberty to con- tract any phrase he thinks proper, the student is often utterly at a loss. With the view of obviating this difficulty, we have given a list of the contrac- tions more commonly in use. The largest collection of these contractions we have yet met with, is that of Wolf. It contains (we write from memory,) about five hundred pages in duodecimo. R. Y. RABBINICAL VOCABULARY. Ab, the 5th month of the Hebrews corresponding > !"lpHX a torch, flambeau. [to July, a member. according to, for. an allegorical exposition. a pear, a plume, pi. D^DJX- X in the meantime, meanwhile. the planet Mars. to adhere. i *nj< Adar, the 12th month of the Hebrews, corres- ponding to February. 1TW, KmK, *1TTN on the contrary. X, 5] also. the air, atmosphere, space. a letter of the alphabet, pi. lIK immediately. SttiX a knife. one. niinX unity. obligation, risk. why ? wherefore ? where ? p *{< from whence ? p"O'K how ? K,pif. Heb. DN. 'K for pa* not. X vapour, feast. YK this. *YN1 *YK this and that, both. how ? as. JO* 1 ** where ? ^yx how ? N quality. tDS^ttH JTI3 (in logic) quality. there is, there are. JO 1 '/ there is not. for p so, also, not. him. inytf for pniX them. WN she. for pn^M them, f. pj they, m. p^N they, f. T 1 ^ the 2d month of the Hebrews corresponding to April. fcj^tf a man. rV^Kn HnJ^n particular providence. BfX manly. JWK virility. ^^H individual. JVN, Kn^, ^n^X there is, there are, (Heb. W) hence as there is. black. a host. pi. pJMK. hospitable. N^D^X hospitably. to be hospitable. interest, concern. to. vSfctt3 from himself. Pl'Stfto from herself. hut, unless. God. piur. D'nStf and ninW adj. divine. ninStf Godhead. hut, unless. Sometimes written these, Heb. plStf. N and pS^lx if, if not, unless. Heb. oh that ! would ! *|S idem. beyond. ^S^Ktt hence. Elul, the 6th month of the Hebrews, August. D^K strong, robust. therefore, Sx if, unless. , "inS^S immediately. if. ^)!2i< wherefore ? to measure, estimate. lK estimation, conjecture, measure. the middle finger. HfcK a cubit, pi. D JON, |D1K an artificer. niJ&lN work, art. to verify. D s n^ the orthodox. truth. ^n&N true. to say. IDIX, m^X a word. oration, a sentence. nJOIlbtf a doctor, talmudist. (in logic) predicaments. 4 N where ? whether ? JN322, pfc whence ? he, he himself. pJK, pm pJK they. clasps, buckles, a man. 'B^JK human. humanity. to heal, cure. KWDK safety. *3JbDK an astrologer, pi. ' astrology. For D sometimes ^ is written. or ^DD1D^ the stomach, threshold, pi. WfilpDN. to bind, prohibit. IIDK prohibited, infirm, delicate, tender. infirmity.. in Jerusalem Targum tptf, also, although, notwithstanding, although, for lS t|. a tutor, curator, trustee. JSN, JS1K a circle. I^^H [SIX the equator. |S1X the horizon, judicial sentence, the Pope of Rome. K an epicurean, pi. a prefect, pi. balm. to be possible. "Ifc^SXPl is it possible ? impossible, nW3N possibility. X stables. stones projecting beyond the wall. or &O&1DDX the stomach. or l^ltTCX astrolabe. astrology. to separate. ~>JO to emanate, infuse. K an emanation, infusion. tt^pM a clime, pi. p^pX- the ocean. for, that, because, if. a lion. to prolong. n^1, JTDnX prolongation. prolix. astrology. D^IX a little garden. KD'HK the gardener. venom. to come, happen. rfljniN/b casualities. Germany. ^^^X German. S^1 a host, guest. hospitality. to declare, explain. ^lIX^l clearly. commentary. ^"D/b was evident, manifest. JMI1 on account of, therefore. **] j^l in order that. T31 on my account. to arrive at puberty. JTHJl puberty, to lie, falsify. Wl liar. ni false, to be solitary. Tflinn idem, solitary. niTI!, nmiinn solitude, 7"T1, /""fin to separate, distinguish. ^""JlD, /"Tin difference, distinction. Sni tin. ^"Hl on account of. ''S'Hl on my account. 1 7H1 in order that. ^Jl publicly, from nb^l to reveal, distinctly, clearly, illustrious, splendid, genuine, to come. Dviy ""Kl mankind. HXD cohabi- tation. ^D2^n flK^ sunset. 711 Bui, the 8th month of the Hebrews, October, pi to understand, hence njin intelligence, intellect. Jl13311fin idem. "111? {Oil one uncultivated, boorish. 11^11 to be ashamed. JK^I one who is ashamed. TT1 5 T1T1 to expend, dissipate. JHI to prove, try, explore, hence n3*ni trial, probation, argument. Til to choose, select, elect. IIHl a studious youth, ITll elect. rHTll election, choice, alternative. to pronounce. KtDID pronunciation. futility, speech, pronounciation. to trust, confide. fVDin to promise. confident. nfltDin promise, faith. 7!31 to cease. 7tOl ceasing, idle. /"IDl abrogation, cessation, abolition. *1 in, between, a house. pi, Tl between, pi -pi either or. "]1 pi in the meantime. ^1 y% intermediate, nn an egg, metaph. a testicle, pi. niXO, D*2f *73, 'h^t ^Sl no, not, nothing. CD 1 ?! to be prominent, to stick out, project. HD*/! prominence. 77! to confound. 7171 to disturb, confuse. 7171D confounding. 7l7llD confused. 71171 confusion. HH7 vl idem. DlfiSll famine. D72, to mix. pDD7l balsam. to absorb. i"lj?vl absorption, no, not, without. , NnitDfil to entreat, from t3D. a building, congregation, children, sons. to announce good news. Heb. 8 to ask, entreat. niJD> 1JD petition. to entreat. a light. pools, bogs, marshes. Np3 to prove, explore. ^3, K'p3 exercised, W^pa exercise. *13 beyond, besides. *\%, &O3 a field, wood. N13, Nna fat, strong. fiWO fatness. to escape, ma the axis of the world. but, nevertheless. to declare. *11*Q clear. aa clearly. TiaHD to be clear. on account of. *p T3W therefore. to boil. S^an boiled dish. a time. firiN naa at once. a daughter. ^1 fi3 an oracle. 3J the back. 3JN according to, for. ^ at, according to, upon, above; from 33 J to be high. H3J, nin3J altitude, height. , Sl3J a boundary. ^V^XH SiaJl middle term. to define, describe; definition, limit, boundary, the middle, midst. n <> 133, ni33 inside. substance, body. "2)13 bodily, corporeal, trinity. colour; metaph. ftfc mode, form, similitude, to sojourn, be a stranger. U a stranger. to proselytize, to plunder. pU plunderer. rY)y7T3 plunder. , D113, NDTU irony, sarcasm, exaggeration, to decern, decree. niU a decree, predestination, persecution, section, class, derivation, deflection, a bill of divorce. JWJ a cup, vat, kettle, army. FV)D"3 ''K'&O captains of the army. tSji n^ ice. n^S^nn, n^Sjn to congeal. to expel, captivate. HI/J captivity. J margins. ^IvJ marginal, to shave. H7J a monk, priest, to revolve. ^^7^ circle, sphere. 7U7.3 revolution. pDlS^ placentiae. Gematria, a species of Cabala, abbreviation. to hesitate. DJ/DJD hesitating, stammering, to recompence, reward, to learn, teach. IfcW, 1J^ et cetera. perfect. ^DjS totally, to be dishonest. r^J! shame, ignominy. ^^ shame, a relative. ''D^ my relative, brother-in-law. elation, roughness, clumsiness. 10 to cause, to have a cause. n/DIJ cause, occasion. D1J, N&*U a bone, body. JW1J5 by himself. D1J to read, learn. ND11 P1DU reading, study. to draw away, diminish. njHJD subtraction, defect. to draw, drag. pJIJI a grain-seller. DE>:i a body. DBU bodily. corporeality. a bridge. , 'H who, which, what, also the mark of the genitive like & and ~\WX of the Hebrew. ^, ^^ mine. HH S^ u P on m i ne - "^ *$ until tnat - "! this. fcnS NT one to another. &H JfifiH this from that. to adhere, paste together, be conjoined. HDn ^H (in logic) conjunctive. to speak. ^111 a word. 111D speaking. *111*1 (in logic) the independent verb. n (in logic) the perfect predicate. loquacious, garrulous, a speaker. f. idem. pi. nVJIlT. Ill a thing. ll^D a desert. ''Illfi rustic, rural. honey. t^lH cake. 11 DJH, KfiJin figure, example, similitude, specimen. niOJn or nWOJll pi. idem. &)T\, Dagesh, a point placed in the centre of a letter. P"T to indicate. MJH/D province, city. % ytD pro. vincial, civil, political. pi"! to turn to, to attend, consider, examine. p'lHfi expense. p1H> filpH attention, consideration. pi HI attentively. |pH, p*"TD an observer. principally, only, exactly. to repel, refute. nTPl repulsion, postponement. the same as Sfc?, hence *TT? mine. ink. Found once in the Bible. pll a pulpit, desk. , DISH, DDH dux, leader. pi. leaders. HI Dill leadership. to be soft ; hence 717T to be infirm. softness. Nfi?*! perhaps. D"t, DW, PD*T price, money. to be like, assimilated. fil similitude, likeness. *iVib"! imaginary, fanciful. HDliD idem. "H denarius, a special coin. a table, metaph. a folio of a book. pi. Jfin. 12 J, Hiph. D^in to print. D1l impression, edition. D^SID a printer. Hpl to explain, consider accurately. a grammatical disquisition. pIplD gram- marian. Hip! subtilty. pi, pill a gift. {SHI to inquire, .explain allegorically. an allegorical exposition, n&'ll idem. ^1 a school. n serves as an adverb. Dfin there. &OH here. behold ! tfp| this. this time, now. *1H a hyperbole. vanity. rnun an echo, syllable. a history, narration. n^n to meditate. jVJn meditation. ^VJIH logical. pn, JlJin honest, convenient, apt, decent. honesty, decency, propriety. thus, in this mode. 'Tin, ''TtnS continually. until, together, at once. *Hn 7 according to. clearly, perspicuously, publicly. idiot, plebeian. 13 Tin to turn, return. nin to be. rTin existence. *T&On after, afterwards, because, since. M Heb. *N. *]K'n how ? pM this. TDTfl there- fore. 'HS *n so, so as, even as. pYn now, (in the later Targums). *Svn material. ^xSvH Tl 1 ?! immaterial. ^IVl /X material, compound of matter. p, n/M*n, HD yn, wa^n so, even as. pTl where ? how ? pTlD whence. from him. niD^H from her. n id est, i. e. that is, namely. n this, that, like PIT, HKT. H so. OP! iS'SX although it be so. , r\tihrh beyond, the last. "NlSn oh that ! to go, walk, n^n or Nn^Dvn an exposition, tradition, decision, custom. therefore, composed of *]37 &1 wo to you. *jS ^ wo to thee. f niflDinn disputation, root H3*. pi- fill? 1 ! young ones of animals. pi. Dl^?" 11 ) vellum, veil, curtain. 15 HD1 menstruation. "1JH assembly, "I^ID JV^l a school, synagogue. Til, KT11 a rose. W\ gula. pTll pious, holy, just. ppTll early risers. "1J"V)> pni abundant, rich, generous, abundance, generosity. to dung a field. 71T dung. I IT to acquire, purchase. pT to sell. inT he himself, this is he, abbreviated for N1H PIT. D!"IT to be sordid. DVIT sordid. DHT to pollute. CHIT, D1PTT pollution. "IDT, Ti"lTPl to shine, admonish. "11JTT, KTIPPT ad- monition, warning, splendour. niTnTj mnTK admonition, exhortation. JflT to join, copulate, marry. JUT a companion. TIT to move, move oneself, recede. TIT, KT1T denarius, a special coin. PUT to bear, produce, yield. tOlT, NtDlT small, little. 7lT to be vile. HI/T vileness. H71T besides, without. TI71T idem, except. "11T to be strange. IT anomalous. m*lT anomaly. IDT, 1D1T, small, little, junior. 16 VT splendour. jnVt splendid. JVT the apex of a letter. fp, Kin a kind of architecture. Cp to corrupt, adulterate, falsify. jS* 1 ^ forger. S|VT adulteration, forgery. to merit, be worthy. ''JOT meritorious. merit. J"O justice. a male, masculine. JYn^T virility. PPJ to drop, flow. tp7T effusion. JDT time, pi. D^fiT. OttT temporal. JDT to cite to judgment, to invite to a feast. JD1T/D cited, invited. n^Din citation. T small, little. I^D almost. to elevate, suspend, crucify. HS*pT a pillar. pf crucifixion, suspension. copulate. ppTJ idem, pptin, pip! work. HI to bind, arm, warn, excite, hasten. Tit expeditious. HI a girdle, bond. TT alacrity. auripigmentum. to love. Mn beloved. HIIH love. , n^in, vas, doiium. pi. nvin. corruption, hence wo ! here! 17 to compose a book. *lin/b compiler, author. TDn composition, union, min society, communion. to shut, to doubt, scruple, tremble. one. "jrD once. ninj together. NTlS ex- ceedingly. to be in debt, guilt. iVtl (in logic) affirmative. 1TN nil^nnn consequence, obligation. v /3i"! TTlDn universal affirmative. "p/nn l^n/Dn particular or partial affirmative. IIP! a debt, lin Syi a debtor. Tin, TlPItt province, place, city. 10 T! to be accustomed. tOlPI a thread. ^?in, vPI to fall, happen. DIP! to spare, be propitious. pin, D^pin degrees, steps. to grow white. Tin to make white. sense, pi. D^in senses, ^in sensible, to see. ^n see ! behold ! worth, decent. Tin to surround, compass. around. llinD cycle. jp IITntt lunar cycle. linD solar cycle. ire, anger, Heb. C|i<. to steal, plunder, snatch. nSlbn nn^fi sudden death, apoplexy. "IDH, JTiD&n, niton a higgler, huckster, 18 PITT, to live, 'ft life. niTI animal life. ^ITl vital. nSn milk. ^Sn milky. rhr\, to be sick. ^ft sickness, pi. D^Sn sick. , ty?niD} precisely, absolutely, simply. SnS idem. oSnD (in logic) positive. ^n to pierce, excavate. 7v)"l> 71711 excavation, cave. 717H profanation. Spy!! permutation, change, for. to part, to contend. pr^Tl, HplSn difference, division, distribution, part, npl/nfo controversy, a part. 'pSplH partial. pSmn "JH dis- junctive, the sun. to make difficult, ^l^n difficult, heavy. 7p an argument from minor to major ; also material. *!)! matter. jlfc^iOn ^/bH primi- tive matter. , nDH!3 on account of. to pitch, encamp. ni^H hospital, shop. D^iTl gingivae, deriv. from *pn the palate, to act hypocritically, fcpn, W2n hypocrite. adulation, hypocrisy. 7DPI to be consumed, finished, completed. to want, be deficient, deficient of a letter (in Masorah). "lIDH defect, subtraction (in arithmetic). 19 n a sack; as if from Heb. impudent. Ch. NSVIH impudence. to scrutinize. 1pn/D scrutiny. , Ennnn to repent, do penance. nD"in peni- tance, tD*infi penitent. Spin acute, sharp. HlS^n acumen, subtility. T*"nn a ditch, foss, rampart. silence. ^BfH3 tacitely, silently. reputed, estimated, a man of great es- timation. to be suspicious. 1^n> *1t^ri3 suspected. rnC-'H suspicion. &n, fcJT! to care, be curious, solicitious, grieve. ("iK^n care, solicitude. *inn to cut off. *ir\T\, rDTin section, fraction. Snn, Sinn a cat. DHH to sign, seal, conclude, finish. nDTin signing, conclusion, end. spouse. JHin father-in-law, n^inn marriage. to dip, immerse. nS^tO immersion, ablution, baptism. TOD idem. to dip. y^D nature, constitution. natural. the navel. NH 11213 centre of the earth. 20 to be good. , S'fc to walk idly. ^bD, S^b one who walks idly about. ^VtD walking. S'tSPl to cast out, take. f DtDfctD to obstruct. D1ZO pavo. 6)1 SD, 5p5tD to drop, trickle. 5)1DSD a dropping. stilla. pi. pfitD. to encrust. J^tOS^lD to corrupt, to blemish. blemish. fc?W)t3 blemished, condition, state. , tD^D to blemish. t31"b a blemish. to arrange, ordain. D^D^D order, parade. JD a ram ; a celestial sign. cloak, perhaps from to soil. W1B& soiled. Sj^tO pollution, lamina, to err. HIVD error, HNytOn sophistical, tSO, nxytOn sophism, fallacy, a grammatical accent, reason, taste, what reason ? HD^tD taste. to argue. jyitO an opponent. Jli^lDn argument, reason. pytD laborious, necessary, Heb. *"J I| 1V. much, more, exceedingly, vehemently. tD accessory, opposed to IpJ/ principal, type, figure, example, text. 21 refertum. K to be fat, to grow fat. a fool. Hl^StO foolishness. Cp!0 the same as D3D to arrange, ordain. to labour, be occupied. occupation, labour. to tear, plunder. HSHtD flesh torn by beasts. disturbed in mind. SID, STlfc triclinium. W fair. H1N* fair, suitable. hence 7^171, see above in letter !"|. n to dispair, dispond, resign. small beetles. n to bear, cany. nS^I/^ a weight, burden. bearing. p hand. T'D immediately. m^ hence ^11 *m which see under *). n^lin con- fession, affirmation. miD confessing, assenting. JH* to know; from dial, they say yYHK IJ'X it is not perceived, understood. Hjn sentence, opinion. i"iJTT> HiyT science, notion. ^H* scientific. in^n a man of knowledge, learned. yYl certainly. DV a day. 1MD DV a feast. ^V daily. I V Javan, the father of the Greeks, Gen. 1 0, 2 ; hence 22 JV3V Greek. |V [I^ the Greek language. TIT, TIT only, single, T)rT unity, Tin"} singly, properly. nilHTin propriety. *?nV peculiar. DHS D1JTS DnV family, genealogy, stem, proportion- Hi DITTn family, stem, affinity, analogy, proportion. "1!T, Tin" palmes. p wine. pi. niJ^. ^V vineous. fD 11 to dispute, argue. HI 31, J")1Pl3inn disputation. 713* 1 to be able. flVH/ /l^* 1 it may be, perchance. to beget. *lvin to conclude syllogistically. the new moon. m/lfl consequence, in- ference, generation, pi. HllSiri events, history. y to suck, pl^n suckling, infant, pi. nipIJTV D^ to found, foundation, metaph. the elements; in grammar, the root. pi. rVniDV "HID 1 * fundamental. D^ to add. tpllfc addition. &D13 idem, f. n3D1J, nsoin, Nnsoin. to chastise. TlD* 1 chastisement. "nDItt discipline. , S^Vin to be useful. nS^lH utility. ^ to be fair. ^V beauty. 5% HSIib a logical demonstration. * to go out. N^in to produce, bring out, exclude. S SD site, state. 3$) basis, perpendicular. S V^n to place, strew. n^H substratum, pro- position, preface. 23 to form. *l* a fragment, imagination, thought, will, concupiscence. PH^* creation. ftpS 5Tpn to go round, to bind. f|p,!3 a grammatical mark. J"l5pn circle. ]pi"l circumference. "Ip* 1 to be precious. *ip* precious, honourable. "W to descend, go down. PITT descent. mS mill to teach, rnift doctrine, law, the five Books of Moses. ^TlH, ''''tin legal, divine. 1W> to sit. 3E?VO seated, prepared. to acquiesce. JTD?Vin acquiescence. session. ^ there is, there are. J?^l in some. F\}W being. Jgf* old, ancient. JJJfV, H^V, H^* antiquity. -l^t to be right, "l^^nn to direct. T)^^ equity. rectification, accommodation. rillK^ 11 idem. musca. as, according to, like. jiOl here. j&O 1 ? JK3& from here to there. 23 a name applied to the Omnipotent. n^lD a frock, garment, cloth, as, even as, in like manner, such as. when, as. sufficient, it is enough. PIS, H3 now. 24 that. HS when, as, the same as , nytD, pID like this, like that. TO, 1113 sphere, globe. |13 to direct, attend, intend. ,TYO as, like. Ifi13 as thou, like thyself. to lie, deceive. 3T13 D5S?/b a false proposition, to corrupt, destroy. contradiction, denial. *3 that, because, when. 13> n33 so, as. ID f3 in the meantime. * 3D13 a star, the planet Mercury, fate. , vD a vase, organ, instrument. I|I )7D perdition, destruction, consumption. end, purpose. to complete, finish. 77^ whole, universal, gene- ral, opposed to tOlS particular. all, the whole, every. IflK 73 each one. TO TK nobody, nothing, pt? 7^ much more, anything. DlS^ pK nothing, opposite to, against. as, even as. HD3 how much, how many, quantity. bS^^n ni^n (in logic) quantity. as, like. mi3 like him. ^ni^D like myself, to be known. U3 known, pronoun, appellation, to collect, congregate. Hiph. D^DH to in- 25 troduce. HD^3, HD^n, DU3, HD33 congrega- tion, convention, assembly. fiD3Dn JY2 synagogue DDD to eat. [church. now. [pD ly until now. to be angry. JD^D a passionate man. f. fl^D^. 11373, W^B shame, turpitude. T)JT3 ugliness. to bend, incline, subdue. '1S3 suppression, dis- simulation. rQltD ISD ungrateful. 11 ^ a pagan. ^ISD countryman. ''i'nSi rustic. to deny. H31D an infidel. JITS!} infidelity. how ? Composed of ^ and "1V which way. to gird. J17T13 a cock's comb. to proclaim, cry, promulgate. a crier. HTIDn a proclamation. ^n to compel, m^in to be compelled. compulsion, force; (in logic) necessary con - sequen.ce. mDID compelled necessarily. to involve, to bind. T*lDfi a cloak. binding, bond. pi. Q^13. or KH^^^ID the hinder parts. DID the belly. HW pi riDID a phrase used of a fe- male when pregnant. *l2n to depress, prostrate, refute, convince. depression, solution, defence, reconciliation. 26 ma to cut off. W3 when, equal to l^iO; it only serves as a prefix, \?r\W3 as he went. * b^an precious female garments. as, even as, D1t?a idem. to enchant. ftfcJO/b an enchanter. IfcJO right, lawful. PHPa right, fiWa legitimacy. to write. aW written. 3inan the Scripture. marriage contract. D'OlfO Hagiographia. scribe, notary, writer. date, a kind of fruit. a sect, society, pi. filfia sects. no> not. 1K7 a prohibitive commandment. an angel. naSD work, art. artificial. contrary, against, opposite, except. writer, scribe. D J7 to taste, to eat. fl/b' t < !!7 tasting, eating. blade, a flame. a^Pl^P! to inflame, to be inflamed. 17 to adhere, lend, accompany. TVI? a funeral. Vl7> VvH to laugh, deride, to speak oratorically. an orator, interpreter, poet. derision. nXvD an oration, interpretation. 27 eloquence. green, humid, soft. ("Iflv, rVHT7 humidity. to make humid. fiTTl 7JVI to be made humid. JVrTpn/ humidity, moisture. "TH 7, *Tiri7 only, alone, separate. exceedingly. Heb. to use enchantments. if any one inspires you, saying. to pollute. jtaSa polluted. pollution. *]S^nn to be polluted. DJ?, ID^I 1 ? oblique, curved. pDD/K idem. 177, 1717 a branch of a palm-tree. 1257 to teach. "l/^fiPl to study. ^1/537 doctrinal. DVTIfi 1 ? doctrines, science, art. *T)D7n doctrine, the Talmud. rVn&brir! study, discipline. tDDS, D'DDS, pi. piDDS and pDlOoS thieves, robbers. H1I3D7 theft, depredation. DJ?7 to eat. riD^S eating, mastication. '37 according to ; derived from *fi according tx) the therefore. [opinion, or expression of. to involve. t|l7S7 disease in the eye. Hp7 to whip, scourge. HlpA '1p7 eclipse, smiting. scourging. on account of. 123t^7 on his account. language, tongue, idiom, version. 28 H/b what, which, tf 7 wherefore, nothing, as nothing. N~n that not, perchance, for nothing. IHD what is it ? ^3"l D&2 this is only applicable, exceedingly. **JN firm, what if, perhaps. pDfree. JJ03 gratis, p^tt deception. ^^ a ma- to mete, measure. [chine. measuration. m^*T/b geometry, a measure, dimension, custom, rite, usage, pi. moral laws. DJHD anything. Talmudical HDPl unconscienciously. , rOD, KHDDD a tract, part, volume. 3 |D^ first month of the Hebrews, corresponding to March and April. to divide, saw. 1D3 table. miD3 fragment, to go out. p^K to produce. |TS bearing, the dagesh of H feminine. difference, consequence. a soul, body. ^3^1 by himself. ni2>SJ *3H criminal investigations. eternity. *nW eternal. HIVJ victory, to evade, excuse. ni^Wrin defence, excuse. PI to excuse oneself. spark. nOnn pr3 solar rays. a Nazarene. nVIJH J^B^* Jesus the Nazarene. D^XUH the Nazarenes, Christians. "l3nn to become a Christian. D3 to perforate, bore. D*2p3 holes. i"OpD feminine, a female. to po^t. Ip1323 pointed, ppj pointer. ^ punctuation. 34 *lplto inquire. *|1 p} inquisition. a box, treasury. to bear, carry. N^l^n (in logic) the subject. the predicate. K^PI to give in marriage. one married. NJ>/& a burden. , ^6571 to be followed, to apprehend, to retute, yWti one who apprehends, refutes, fil $& p| appre- hensions, refutations. nj"0 to dissect, divide. PlirO dissection, anatomy, to melt, dissolve. ITDfiD mineralogy, metal. to give. [nD a gift. rUTO idem. to solve, hasten, make lawful. *1J11D lawful, allowable, ^nTl permission, authorization. surround. SilD to move in an orb, POD a cause, nilllpn JtQD immediate causes. WplHin H11D distant causes. JTQDn fQD the first cause. H1DD a circuit. ^"OD circular. a fabulous river in Eabbinical writings. to bear, carry, ^D, [SlD a porter. parapharnalia. to suppose, think, hope. JI^D opinion. aspect, hope, faith. persuaded. VVP1 IliD I ^as of opinion, to be profitable. 7JDD profit, gain. 35 PPUD propriety. nS^DH (in logic) peculiarity. PD, pJJD argument, theme, proposition. pD the pole. pID to destroy, shatter. p*|D a breakage. "HD to order, arrange, dispose. "HD, THD order, series. TllD arranged. N*nD a section of the law. 31D to grow old. N1D, TD old. NHU^D old age. y\D species, kind, sort, art, style. JfiD sepire. JPD limit. K\31D order, use, custom. QiQ, p"D to finish, complete. DVD end, completion. |1D, |VD the month of May. DID a horse. nVDID pi. *11D Hiph. YDPI t remove, take away, subtract. subtraction, to press out. TDD to be an adversary. |DD an adversary, Satan. 1E3D to demolish, destroy. J^D a sword. P*D to help. NJTD, ny^D, jn*D help. *TD the sum, whole, number. CDD to number. D13D number. D^DDPl to approve, consent. D^DD approbator. D^DIJb conformed. nfi^Dn convenience, approbation, testimonial. J3D, pD^ to be in danger. pD to impoverish. pDD a pauper. fiHIDDB poverty. 36 T2D a knife. "DD, *13D3 to be obstructed. rn^DK an obstruction. to burn, pray. to forgive. nrV7D pardon. nin s 7D prayers for pardon. jl/D a canal, anything through which water flows. p7D to remove. pl/D removal. p^D finished. DD aromatics, poison, pi. D^D. Sambaton, see jVtDlD- to be near. T)D near, joined. *lD3 idem. *J2DD support, fulcrum. .NPJDDX idem. H^&D idem : also, imposition of hands. *]D1D promoter. *}DD^ promoted. HI^^DD contraction, (in gram- mar) relation. P317/DD the key of a lock or chain. to sign, seal. p^D a sign, seal, section, para- graph, letter. a crust of bread. an advocate, procurator. XHU^iD defence, a shoe. 'nSliD a shoemaker, a God-father. . the Sanhedrin. pD to worship, serve, purge, p 3D to labour. p13D labour. pb^vpiD judges, sugere. Jlfip, NJISDN spongia. 37 to honour. jlSD honourable. n^fiD a ship. *?D3D a scab, bench. 3D, ^lDD!"!. to suffice, be sufficient. plfiD suffici- ency. nipSHDn idem. p^SDto doubt, perhaps. pSHDH to be in doubt. to shave. 15D a barber. HIISDn erasure. to relate. T)5D narration. to rebel. l^lD rebellious. . niiHID rebellion. tegere,.operire. vlTJDD opertus. lineare. . ^j|*)1DX5 lineatum. tDVTID a governor, pi. HIlDimD. HID* PlIDi to be corrupt. H^DH to corrupt. pniD corruption. HID to rebel. [PHID rebellion. |D1D Cancer, a celestial sign. D"1D to castrate. DIIDtt transposed. DITD trans- position of words. rYlDHD castration. pID pectinare. p*)D barren. 1HD hyems. 'IHO or \^HD .hybernus. DHD, DHDi absolutely. nttnD antonomasia. (in logic) undetermined. to hide. ^HDJ third person in the verb. secret. 38 to be repugnant to. PlTHD repugnance, con- tradiction. pBWlPl p&fi DHTflDPI contradictory or the first species. ^B?n Pfi/b DHHIDH con- tradictory of the second species. to serve. PlTOy service. HIT JTfliy idol- atry, the name of a tract in the Mishna. dense, opaque. to pass over. riTay transgression. to impregnate. *iaiy the foetus. buy a circle. N^ya swiftly. ^y hitherto. ^S *?y before. rtiH TV hitherto. time. Nnyi now. N^iyD henceforward. to fail, cease. *1"iyn privation. ^iy to contend, "lljny contention. T3? to be strong, firm. Q^fi filTV impudence. sternutare. ^IDJ^ sternutatio. an eye. py^ as. p*y to inspect. consideration. Wp speculation. a city. *yiy, W\y civic. to hinder, retard. iDyfin to be hindered. hindrance. to consume, devour. "OyriPl to be consumed. consumption. 7DyDn HD power of con- sumption, or digestion. 39 now. Way& after this, contumely, injury. , hy, hy, hyh, S'yS& upon, above, over, against. y to extol, lift up. rhyti dignity, excellence, a degree, in astronomy as in other sentences, praise, sublimity, elation, to have a cause, rpy a cause, occasion. Tyn rhy cause of causes. cause, effect. H^D idem. ^"' rhy, thy) hidden, secret. SCn D^iy the reign of Messiah. y people. T*1t /US uncleanness. . [blemish. CJ3, Dirfl, filfc^S, nD*Jfl a rupture, breakage, a teacher. NHJUTB nutritia. frons. S oscitare. J1DTS rhyme of a song. fear - TTnnS idem. to lessen, diminish. HIHS D"ltf an inferior man. lfi diminution, pi. flVJYnS. to be garrulous. tO^DS garrulous. to fall down, to dismiss. *11DS permission, ac- repudiation. H^tOlS poculus. [quital. to deprecate. t3VD deprecation. poeta. |tD^*J idem. tOVfi poesis. a phial. to pacify. DVS pacification. to deprecate, ask. a wonder. H^^S admiration. to divide. HlJlSs the middle, fh&n to ex- eel, dissent. ^7S1J5 divided, separated. hyperbole. 42 dissention. pSfi discrepant. Plato. |*taf?fi palatum. palatia. K'&T'S platea. Ss to be accustomed to dispute. 7S?SD disputant. SlS^S disputation. HH7S73 piper. dux, leader. D17'S see in D7S. philosopher. N'SID^fi philosophy. publicly, openly. ^7ib3 family. , p^ttlfi host, ^n^j^lilfi hospitality. to evacuate, to be expert, to remove, to go out. to be vacant, idle. *I3S vacant, idle, a bachelor. idleness. D^S modes, reasons. D^JD within- D^Sv idem, before. DD3D record, register, account-book. "IDfli TDSH to destroy. *TDS destruction, damage. SoS, 71DS profane, illegal. NHI^DS balbus. pD3 to amputate, decern, decree. pDISH naxan (in logic) proposition. pDIS an arbiter. pD3, NpDS a sentence, decree. pDS> pDSi to cease, fail. pIDS verse, period. pDSrij npDSH cessation, intermission, an accent. Syfi to work, a verb. 7^13 an act, action, actor. S to obstruct, shut. SS to pierce, scrutinize. p15p3 obstruction, impediment. "IpS to presume. TpSD presumptuous. to make common, to prostitute. p*)5n common, velum, cortina. pragmatical, a merchant, negotiator, negotiation, sometimes written N^OplS. T"l3 to divide, separate, disjoin. *V)S3 separated, absolute. KT153 fHpD separable circumstance, separation. TlSrO to be separated. keepers. to tremble, fear. , hence K>Dmi3 publicly, a porch. flos. 713713 TIIU priestly flowers. 13*15 to be particular, specific, individual, singular. (in logic) special, particular. HVtD^S parti- cularity, singularity. obolos. to break. llSJin to be broken, to govern, feed. DJ"l5 governor, pastor, aliment, sustentation. ftDJISJD nurse. DD1S to publish, divulge, manifest. DD*lSJ*0 to be revealed, manifested. DDTlfifi public, manifest. ni&D*l5 facts established, indisputable. to avenge, vindicate. JHSHtf, JHW to be vin. 44 vindicated. ftV^IIS vindication, punishment. solution, compensation, retribution. an avenger. yiSD? originally, before hand. N151S purple. countenance, face, image, person. pi. pD^pIS comforters. negotiation. 113 to break. 1S1Sfin * ^ e broken. pllSIS, WN1S1S minutiae. to explain. BITS explication, commentary. BHSPl an interpreter, commentator. t^l^SO u the commentary, clearly, distinctly. *o separate oneself, to distinguish, divide. discrimination, difference. J"flBHS&? separation, section. [tended. to extend, diffuse oneself. tD^fifin to be ex- naked, simple. DK^SH simplicity. tJlK'S simple, opposed to t^llD allegorical. certain, simple, absolute, name of Syriac Version of the Scriptures. to liquify. 1J?3 to join together. [tion, transaction, composition, convention, arbrita- t^St^S to scrutinize. ^ISfcyS investigation. suddenly. ^I^HS sudden. to open, begin. 45 S opening, beginning, prologue. opening, the name of a vowel. to mix, to crash. to cast forward, impel. Npftfi a little book. to break, fit) a piece (of bread, &c.) to tinge, colour. y^ a dyer. JlK a finger. tincture. to congregate. "llHtf congregation. *1 a side. *j ^3 7^ on every side. "1n (in logic) the auxiliary verb. the planet Jupiter. almsgiving. to shine. in the colour of gold ; gold. to command, ''jltf a precept. niL53 to be commanded. niXZil by commandment; i. e. a son 13 years of age. X to form, designate. *V1S to be formed. a form, figure. IVX formation, imagination. former. *]"& idem. to sign, designate. JV sign, epitaph. H^n to attend, give ear. JVJJV3f f. a hearer. to pray. H^lTX f- a petitioner. to be neat, splendid. HIPIX neatness, elegance, perspicuity. elegance. HVniVJb splendid, shining. to laugh. fpn a mocker. L to hang up, suspend. ^7 a cross. , PP^n to prosper, be happy. nPPtfn prosper- to be profound. 7l7 limped, clear. [ity. to germinate. Flibll? vegetable. vegitation. , DJD1? to contract, frffit contraction. to grow cold. p1 frigid. , ym modest. njn, ni^X modesty. to hid. ny^^l in secretly, opposed to in public. Xn to grieve, be anxious. iyV grief, anxiety. *l^tOX/D anxious. !n> yft} to be sharp, acute, "p necessity, *]*"llt necessary. to join. ftn*2f conjunction, combination. because. *l/bXp he says. alea. DIDDVlIp aleator. to accept, receive. ri7l tradition, Cabala- Cabalistic, nivlpfi acknowledged au- thority, traditions. to fix, make firm. Jfli ny a fixed time. 47 stability. to collect. TOp collection. tD^l^p a small government, the key of a ship. D*Tp DHpn to come before, to prevent, antedate. Pl/D*lpn preface, premise, proposition. riDlpn rnlUn the major premise. HJDpn nib"lpn the minor premise. , D*tp before, nfi*1p, trip, WZTTp priority. \31/b"lp prior, first, ancient, eastern. DTpID anticipating, preventing. "J*Tp to obscure, be obscured. J"flTlp> 11*Tp eclipse, llp sanctification. [defect. espousals. nt?1*lp sanctity. to congregate. HTlp congregation. Tip, T*pn venam secare. nipH scalp. L ' L ' 7lp a voice. *7lp vocal. Dip to arise, stand up, remain. Hl&lp stature, alti- tude. D^p nipO inseparable circumstance. nO*p> DVp circumstance, standmg, station, subsist- ence. D*p stable. D^pnn to subsist, be confirm- ed. D1p23 a place, God, because he is everywhere. 'Dlpfc local. pp to nauseate. np1D nuisance. 11 p> *l*pn manare. Tlpt) metal, mineral. polus. 48 an accuser. NHWtDp an accusation. to contend, strive, be irritated. Pl/b contention, strife. , KfctDp ashes. [fctDp cinerens. J Jt3p little. JllJtop smallness, minority. legumen. pi. flVJtDp. to cut off. ItOp to bind, Iftlp diameter. *V)to"p exhalation. IHtbp to accuse, oppose. pp summer, ^'p adjective. Hvp to emanate. Hlvp emanation, eruption. D/p to gather, collect. PltD'vp reception. , S light. 7pSp to destroy, corrupt. SlpSp destruction. ^Sp light, a little. pi. po^Sip. to praise. Dlbp praise. *lfiD7p effigy. decorticare. nS"7p decortication. a chart. , B'lSp tenue. ^iSp iD^tD lutum tenue. Dp before. Tll/bp before him. Kfcp first, from Dip before. jfcp7 within, below. corrugari. plDfip hagse. yttp, n^^Dp an amulete. Kyttp modicum. to collect. |^ttp parcus, tenax. bp little finger. V^p name of a vowel. 49 zealots, J'KJp pi. f. cannabis. >U**^ conditum vinum. to acquire, possess, pjp possession, acquisition. tergere. J"l13p abstersio. , tO'ipn to irritate, ipjp to vex, deride. vexation, vexatious. ptDJp one who vexes. a cwt. D"lt3i1p a folio of a book, brochure. pp> ^''J'lJp convention, conspiracy. Dip to punish. DJp punishment, pi. filC^Ip. I p^p a flask, cantherus. "IDp, "lD s p Caesar, king, emperor. pID'p Caesarea* to be condensed. t| 1p condensation. to be curious, solicitous, attentive. Spn care, solicitude. - p one w ^- ^ s a 11 ?^- to cut off, rescind. [tion. succidere. lIVp determined. 2p predestina- p, nvp, mpO, a part, some. DHSD mp23*l in some books. tropic, extremity. JltTfrnn n3fp (in logic) major term, fnntfn nvp minor term. np L vllin principal term. |Dpn nXp the secondary term, or minor term. to shorten, abridge. 50 brevity, abbreviation. nip "1*1*1 elliptically. to read. NIpD reading, i. e. Scripture, also a verse, pi. HIKIpD. ip biblical, textual, a Karaite, who rejects the Tal- mudic traditions, believing the Mosaic laws alone, is applied to those Masoretic criticisms which mark a marginal word to be read in the text though not written there. nK'lp a reading, pip for [Wlp readers. Hip to happen, meet. nipfi an accident, fillip contingency. "HpD accidental. Dip granum, bacca, frustulum. pp capital, head, corner, pip cart, carrum, carruca. pi. fillip- "Up to harden. llpfin to be made frigid, lip, fill'lp frigid. Hip hardness, frigidity, a city, ^nip civic. to be sharp, difficult, n^pn to make difficult. an opponent, interrogator. , N^lp an objection, difficult question, a query, difficult, hard, obscure. k G?p difficulty. ^Ipl with difficulty. tDtyp to adorn. tOB^ pHH to be adorned, to adorn one- ornament, [self. 51 to bind, to be bound, ^p bond, proposition. , t^pH to compare, assimilate. fcj>pn, n^pn proportion, syllogism. pulsare caupanam. D^lp^p sonitus cam- sonus, tinnitus. [panse. a bow. fifc^p an archer, a celestial sign. to see. 'IK'^ worthy, agreeable. vision, ocular observation. HlfcO vision. demonstration. HI JO v^ organ of vision. to increase, to be multiplied. 31*1 multitude. 1 collective noun, many, plenty, multitude, abund- ance. pi. mas. D^n pi. fern. TYO*!- master, pi. JTQIj but always with affixes, as our teachers. |1*1 idem. pi. pn. magistracy, Rabbinical chair, Rabbanism. to encrease. JTH^D increase. , JVmn usury. ny^l pluvia. yillD quadrangle. to lie down, crouch. ]^mn to cause to crouch. to be angry. pJH one who is angry, f. H^UI- ^ 7^1(1 to be accustomed to. exercised. ^IID used, accustomed. -U*! conversation, usage. 7^nn use, exercise. , W*r\r\ tofeel, be sensible of. 52 sense, feeling. tPJ^lib sensible. to pursue, follow. H^Tl consequence, infer- ence, conclusion. tjTljn DW a synomymous name. n cognominatio. to run. NDVn D1S/ cursus, festinationis to irrigate. 'I'H irrigation. [causa. a spirit. ^HII, ^mi spiritual. winds, parts. Jill a space, interval, distance, fillip Hlli spacious. to give space, enlarge, liberate, to profit. , lucrum. nrTHn latitude, width, profit. 'fcll Roman. D^OII, *Nfi11 the Romans. a bachelor. pp'H pi. to have mercy, pity. Ifin^l a merciful one. mercy. , D^pH^I nwhw three dimensions: length. width, and height or depth. , pnn to evacuate, niipn, JTIpH emptiness. vacant. niJp^lS vainly. to join, engraft. 13T)a complex. composition. centre. to indicate. IfcT}, r\Vfcr\ an index. TO*) superciliousness, pride. within, below. 53 to famish, }J"Qjn famished. }, 'jn dung, excrement. . Djnnn obmurmurare. nDiyin murmuratio. to will. pv*l will. 'OlV'n voluntary. corrigia calcei. J?mD subula. conjoined, continuous, pplj p^p"! to be transparent. pp"1 water mixed with lime. nE^*1, r\*\W^, p*^*1 faculty, power, ability, licence, pi- nVISJH authorities. JllEHl with permission, lawful, free. to be remitted. rfivfcJHnn remission, remitting. to designate, describe, note, description, designation, sign, mark, delineated. to be fervid. HIT! to grow fervid, ebullition. rUTH^ fervid. to ask, interrogate, inquire. ^KTl to lend, to place. Swi borrowed. nSx^ metaphorically. a question, request. to break. DO1^ ]'!& fragments. to praise. rD12?D praised, laudable. 54 prase, ncrease. on account of. to break. Xlfc? a fracture. t^DH^n to be perplexed, stupified, seduced. confusion, perplexity, error, corruption. >, WOE? the planet Saturn. to provide. nfWH providence. contemplation, speculation. sent out, expeditious. to send, send out. to espouse. ^TIT 1 ^ espousal, copulation. agent for espousing. agency for espousing. to endeavour, to be occupied. n exertion, business, study. the spine of the back. to delay, tarry. r\"r\W delay, tardiness. again, yet, besides. H1^ to be equal. n^l^H or *))& equality, compari- son. niKTI ID the equinoctial line. some one. t^i *11 D}& some human being. on account of, in the name of. to place. , nil^ a line. IfiDn fillip the lines of a book, a bull, a celestial sign, 55 "11 V to sing. TW&apoet. !"TOasong. to twist. ptlTP pt3in twisted threads. , TIP, wn TO, axiia. morning. *"in&? belonging to the morning. blackness, HIPPS? blacking, to be black, to grow black. "HPIS? to give liberty. TlHWH to be liberated, to grow foolish. HDI^ a fool, foolishness. NnVD^ idem, a line, order, rite, style, custom, system, expanse, expansion, superficies, pi. ni*lLD2% document, contract, bill of debt, to agree. *]* <) ^ agreeable, suitable. p*i^Bf, JTnBf monilia, catenae, a host, army. JITS?! catervatim. to lie down. y^W deceased. ^ a lying down. to find. rV3? usual, of frequent occurrence. S^^H to understand, ingenuity. inteUectual. niS^^l/b intellectuality, intellect. S*DB^D intelligent, prudent. intelligence. n'lil^X'in HlS^^tt axio- matic. nV36?n HI/^K'O demonstrated proposi- tions. 56 to dwell, inhabit. PG'OS? neighbourhood. fc? the majesty of God. pD?/5 pledge, pawn. pledged, pawned. v a sliding scale. to send, send out. rivfc? messenger, legate, ? legation. [apostle. a table. Tifivty banker, money-changer. to deny. Sblt^n (in logic) negative. 51 universal negative. \T?nn vvl^H part- icular or partial negative. negation, denial, h'htf abortion. to perfect, complete. H123 v? completion. elixare. pplS^ HlpY olera elixa. concatenare. 71^7^ diarrhaea. pi. niN^^ chains. a triangle. ^iS^ threefold. a name. Q^n God. DETD as. D^S, DS? h$ on account of, therefore. ^t? heavens, God. D^t^ Dt^7 for the sake of God. NW God, Dan. 4 : 23. 0*fi^ celestial, heavenly. perhaps, peradventure. to destroy. TD1tT/!3 an apostate. a^n perdition, apostacy. to be made an apostate. 57 persecution. r\T\tiW 1*113 they decreed per- JVJ1Jfc? fatness. [secutions. to hear. yjDfc^D hearing, it appears, to serve, minister. niC?DS?n J*l twilight. , ?? a minister, servant, ministry, service. Also {^tt^ to copulate. copulation, to use, minister, serve. a species of excommunication, to change. D'W diverse. JTUBVUP change, diversity. n^n^tt variable, mutable, n variation, mutability. to learn, teach. rWfc the Mishna. to oppress, subdue, subject to servitude, subjected. liyn^H to be subjected, subjection, servitude. rw wax. to estimate, conjecture. Tiy^ conjecture, to be quiet, tranquil. ^SlW tranquil, tranquility. judgment, right, property. DSfe?n (in logic) proposition. a sentence composed of two parts, idem, composed of three parts. TlDK D3^D a true sentence. 58 to shed forth. rfl3*32> effusion. humble, inferior, lower. influence, influx. yS&JTI to cause to flow. , tfPW to strike, bruise. t)WS2? a striking. , SpE>& weight, ftjnn Slp? consideration. to fall. PiypB? the declining of the sun. to falsify. ppEP one who tells falsehood. tSHB^ a line, chart. to draw a line. ptDltD*lfc? lineaments. rule, line. firm, stable. a root. JW15> radical. to dwell. D^ID^I^ companions. society. urinam reddere. n^n^PI urination. urine. to communicate. Pjnifc? a companion, co-operator. society. HISH^ idem, commerce. idem, equivocation. a sixth part. twins, a celestial sign form, nxntoform. IWntt described. D2? an adjective. 59 a word, nilTl *W abbreviations. condire cibos. 7im condimentum. spices, grocery. S^na spicy. to claim. niJT^n a claim. 3n a crown, apex. pi. pn the upper cuts of Hebrew *")Hn assiduous, continual. [characters, nnn to grieve. 21 H or in besides, more, again; derived from SIJ^. *]ina therefore, because. *p "]ina meantime. to stick. ^nrO sticked. , TnJin to begin. nSnnn beginning, exordium. to terminate, determine. DiriH limit, bound- Np^n a treasury. [ary. speculator. ^iVH a pleasure walk. to weigh, append, number. rOI^D astronomy, pin an astronomer, pn* K7 it does not agree. Ppn, t\yr\ immediately. rhfr, *hf\ a dragon, star. D vM Psalms of David, for D^iin. CvH cumuli. 6^7 p to extirpate. DH there, nan, pn idem. Qna, pnD thence. nan, n^an continually. Yann to continue, -rana continual, mann continuance. nan to be astonished. niYan, na^n admiration, to teach. l*i l^n our Rabbles teach. 60 a talmudic doctor. to be pacified on certain conditions. condition. *&OJ"Q conditionally. to sew, stitch. nYfifl sewing, stitching. to apprehend. to ordain, order, rectify. ordination, direction, ppfi right. J"13pn direction, regulation. [testion. mnn to protest, be protested. HNinn pro- "in two. ~)Dy *in twelve, the minor Prophets. succus viatorius. a cock. nSl^in a hen. KSinn 7V2 a house of shame. to solve, explain. pll^H a solution, explanation. a respondent. , &r\ to be infirm. W\T\ to disable. feeble, infirm. pi- DTlin morus arbor. for ninn under, for. lo LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. The learner will bear in mind that tliese abbreviations are al- ways marked with two oblique strokes, e. g. 3"XX- N stands for 1 ; as a sign of the Conjugation Aphel, and of the 1st. pers. fut; also for ^tf, nflXj T1K, DTK. NX for IEIK MX, mx MIX, irvSx nax, -rnx, TIN js^, n^D *N, pN pa*, B^'N n^' for for for p for nD p for for X for ^ x IK nK for D^nin^n nnx, D WM nnx, rmra K for ND\S M^i K. for \W p for p n % 62 nix for Kin -pa 'IK for j" p D^ TOK for 'S^n w ia "3N for DIJV DHY ynK for n^y m*r nxn x for jynpn nn p afi<. for ponj JTN, pmu p for for for nn for for for for n^D nn DT, ma m for DiS^n vSy in for IDSH 1D, ^H l for for ni i for pin for ynt for for 63 '2tDN a certain alphabetic combination. N3HN 3HN for *|ON *p 1HN, *p TIN- \S for SNIP* pN. :\x for jrS"i:i mirr ION. JTN for DBTI -mr D, D^n nrr D for IfiBf *p3JT ^1. for p QK. K for pxi 'H 1 p |DX. for for for i K a certain alphabetic combination. for p S D. for DnXD p, N^D TIN, for JON for t^ON* for D^Oty D'O noN for n^j? nn D^So onmn a^nn ^S^o IVN. JN for 10^ DN, "J3N for D^inri D*N^3 NH IWN for nyi nSo n JON DN for n^D JON CjDN for pIDS 5)1D for N^ 3tf, xi "ION. 64 for for l^y t|N for "s Sy _*)K. for ^n iS'S for jfc'D pIDS for ^^' ' for for mi for mn^ tri irnnx for ^a for for T for ^iS p for Bf*pS e for nsy D^ nn for for [i pyae^ pi for for for for for * iDxn DK, 65 1 stands for 2 ; at the beginning of words it signifies on, in, with, through, for, against. XI for pTIX 11, -)B>X p, IX TO. i for cSiyn *\hb wrbx mrr nnx -pi 'xi for nSsn yap mrr nnx -pi. for D^nn *Sya, nm, pin pin, xinn xin for for n;Snn TJD for SX^DJ p, D for rnvji p, n^ p -m for xm p^i. for n^n nnii:i, for p pji. for xwi xnyoi, p n^i. for oniox nnn nai. mi for ^^nnan nmi. ni for DOVI nni, ^npon n^i, no^in n^in Syi, mpDn ^ n^in pni, xin *jnn, SSn n* xni for on&ix SSn n^i. jni for ntS'nJ miSn Syi. xi:ni for px ID^I ^nw otrn npni for ^"i e^npn ni- 11 for 66 la for p. na for pin p, c'ti ^jn, ain ;nna for Diana mi mna. ittS-a for pKi p oSiyS mrr :a for n^na rana. D^I for i&ipjttb nin* TIM *]na. M for w nSy^ TIM p. for T 1 ? p. for W3^N pe^lj for 1N ''JTxb p. for for for for for nD^in niiT^T WJTQT for ni^ty wfraip for ^n*tf p. for KHD^ Din for no tprS jnia TDl for NOBfT Xiyoa. ya for NITV p, Wny p> D^y nwna, nSiy nna nya for anjra for mya for ntn niya, ntn niya for 67 i"yi for inn sn for ns KI pi for Sip ni. 11 for * pa for * for for for * m for n^in Syi, nii^n inn for D\DHI mira. J stands for 3. m for D^n *j, wn nnu, nj for ^ for *] 1J for [1 DJ. for nnittn ppntsii N' for py p, nny nSi for SNID^ nou nw T stands for 4 ; as a sign of the genitive ; it also answers for the Hebrew Ifc^tf which, that. NT for -inK in, in for [1 for owl nn, Sin 68 tf"m for pnfctf NTH. nym for oiS^n vSy *]San sm for pns om. Sn for paaS n. ytfaSn for naiy nny ^a nnS-7 for ^n na^n xhi* an for 31 for on for sn for psms n. for aix nil pw. for irnm nan, nm onan. for DIBna mm. for a*py ^ai nan. vn for *]aiS^ ^nn. m for min nan. ypm for *n?y rfcnp o-Snn D^a^n nan. n stands for 5 ; as a mark of interrogation, and as the definite article. n for rnns DE>PI. xn for a*a nin. Snxn for nmnS nmin yxn for Niiy |a oann. 69 nnn for nan for Kin "pi n for rniroS i :n for [yD-n 'in. -in for ;rn:n wn, naan Nin, "pi Nin for *]n w^ n, SHJH nn for pnn inn for ^ann for nnn for > tn for ni nnn for ^n for KnDn for Sn for n^S nin. for ifciS iS n*n. for on for ^a ^n, n for i2:Ni for '&j ^n. n for rbyzh for 'in >Syn. nyn for nin sn for tn'3 *in. pn for *in, xnp * 70 "an for wn for for [ swa Np &on. npn for ^n -in for rtn for for nn for ^n for 1 stands at the commencement of a word for the con- junction, and ; and at the end for the suffix of the 3d. person. for nifcB> nStfl. for m niw for for paa pia i for for for for for Pro liD^^ TT^ T stands for 7. for n-i roS 71 T for rtba pi. * *?m for n laon* nrp^w nin^ iypn ni for Saosr jni. for nraS ura, i^S 1121, lai^S ni. for nn oSiyn rh for H3^23 JHT. for n^niS p*TV pi for o M p jnr, emp n stands for 8. NH for D^aiK D^DH. in for m pin. nn for DBTI ^Sa ^n pSn, in for Q^I on. for for * for Sn for na Jin Errn bn for Din *nn ditS Din iSn for njn nniS Din. inySn for xin oSiyS pSn. an for n&a Dinn, njna Sin, for min njtr mo npn. for H23H the sun, HJI^ Venus, 72 Mercury, nil7 the moon, ^rDfc? Saturn, Jupiter, DTKfi Mars. p'Yl for pp Spa KB>np mia trip for p&pi t3 stands for 9. ND for *inK nyta, HD for DED for Dt3 for stands for 10. N* for Dnai B'V for ij^ninx % nSi irn m;r. KW for in nin* Jl* for pl^ for T for pO"lU jy*. n> for nn n*iv- JT for &?m p *nv n 1 for -iiMn DV. iin^ for min is jn^n ^wp*. anv for T^ for 73 N'T for pK IT for Sin or. tt< for m& QV. " for pxi pK nSiyS *p:uv for for for - for ^n p for for * for for ir for ix^i mx inia^s i nix mrr t3^^ for 11D *1X\ ap* for nDnn n^np *nn. ^ for pxn % nv HT for nin on*. for igf* ^^ for pay ^^ for irna- )V for DJnn n^i n" for nSynn ppn* for rfenp map n^y nn \r\yw- 74 '3 stands for 20; at the beginning of words, accord- ing to, as, and at the end as the second person. jo for DK 'a, nnN Sa, *IDK no. fc?SKa for DlSfc? iS "]B>K Sa. Snxa for nanab DJVOT Ionian VT&K na. ID for Sn^ pa. -ID for nibxn naa, nan Sa. na for nan^n na- Sn^na for bt Ionian iizan naa. na for jDVin pa, Kin |a, ^n *a, Tiaan xoa na for nax Kin [a. jna for Niij -Nna. -nna for -in ain niaa. aia for naai naa, *jai ^a. Dia for niStai D^aaia. TD for ni Sa, pi Sa. o for SKI^^ nwa. aa for*|3 Sa, pna Sa, a^na p, ana p, ana Sa Sa for N^S Sa. nSa for -non D^iyS *a. *Sa for SKI^^ ^iS pa. aa for -jnSya niaa. -raa for naxn jxaa. for vn nSya niaa. for 75 n'Vaa for traann iiaxs? iaa. naa for ynKfin nSya maa. for ^ nxij p. for D'plDS y na. SD for D^U ^, ^^3 "2. 3 for pa for np Sa, j^a for ty Sa, na for *jnixsn maa. s na for jnav DJnn p. 'S stands for 30; as sign of the dative, to, for. *6 for for for for for for par n for ^na rh for on KO^?. for nan nann for ni \\vh. for for miv for mm for itoN pS, nnx for for for for for for ^ nny for ?vS for pp for *p* for np for *ra n^p for for stands for 40; at the beginning of words for from, than. & for nnN ^ppo, nn^ p, for ynt for DXO for for T i^nim -ioo. 77 for for for tjK nw inna jna. for pllD p raa for -pin JD for nSn^ n^iioa, TD for nai jNa, ynai ^a, a^m ina. Nia for naw n^n na. na for rhur\ iixa, ^n aura, oSiyn ma p-?n ma, nian ^Sa, niaixn oSa. D^nna for rnia in^ n ann ima. im ana for pn urn *h'a *yn wa. Snna for trf? apr S inn ima. mnia "nna for ^i inn 1331 ima. S^nna for *mS naS^ S ann ima. Stna for ST lia^n naxa. for pn ^n nS^a. for nnr jns tran wva. toa for DVD na, *a for nin* niana, aa for 'n^a for rca for "[n-iKun niaa Sa for j^ wa. for nyenn 78 i"rh& for nan wn nth aa for Dia S:D&, Dia n&oa, ni:na for for for for D pn DD for :ID for pDD for mtD D for D^ry for nyS for nx ^ in nin^ D^ ty for for pios for on for cabbalistic contraction. for ^np Nipo, pp njna, pp for xm ima, nn ^ma, nn mia. for naiS uin na. nyna for niS^n vSy ir for 79 n"E>D for njm zv -jriD, ninm lax^ HD r^D for mrw na, |D [w na. na for rnin jna, mm rue>a min 'B '^ stands for 50; at the beginning of verbs, as future 1st. person pi. c., praet. and at the end for the 3d. person pi. fem. NJ for aointf XHDJ, 33 for nxi anM. ro for roun m for Krw Din for for for for for py 11-111 for n^pifii wann rrm for DiSty pn, for pxn yn for min nrra for py pi rvnn 'D stands for 60; also for n&inD, p*D, ND for m ISO, DHN HID, 1HX 80 /D for rnjw spo. no for *|njn NpSo, nan spa K *HD for no for San *p, m&n DD. nno for ivan ino for vmn no for D^n DD. 'D for ni^* So for n^ :DD &D for S D for HP^ pDD for [Dp DD for Ppp C|1D, Np^SD yo for oSiy mo. SD for plDS 5]1D, p^fl pSD for Nftp p"lfi ID for nii^xn HID. for ^ja nnpj for nan ma^ no for min nso, nnin nno, n^nn for ; y stands for 70; also for r\y for for 81 y 'y for ^ hy M Sy. ny for -pn ?y, -an Sy, NT Sy, Tiyn nny my for na^n *pn Sy. ny for ni -an Sy. for S&?a TTT ^y, na nm Sy. for D^Ssy T*n?y. ny for oiS^n vSy, nin pjy, nin aSiy n^s^n a^y, wmpn py, pnxn oy. my imy for in D^iy. my my for nn abiy. ty for mi miny, nt Sy, PIT cy. Niy for na ni Sy. jiy for na3 ni Sy. ^y for n* Sy, apy* py. D*y for lib nr my. a^y for Dnpia ^n* Sy. ^y for p Sy, |3 ny, oaan mny, inna Sy n^y for vnin |a ny, xn Sa hy cny for niSiai naaia nsiy. T^y for HT Sa oy. Say for ui^S |a ny. sny for D^S SD Sy, i^iiu [so ny. ^y for S'yS p*y. ay for S^a Sy, rnnaKO nn^y, nao Sy 82 for ir?K pun* y. for pao orp im py for for nsio tor, for for iyy for nit miny sy for ^ Sy, ^y for iv Sy py for Spy for > n^p my. ^y for nnsr any, DGJ> j^y, DiS^ oy, DS? for iosn yw by. for 'fi stands for 80 ; also for p^fi, DyS, plDS, n^ns, nnins, N25 for nn B^ sxs for ns Sx ns, nys nnK oys. [nnx ^3 for nSiTi Nn^iSs, f J pis :^s for B^na i^tr* iu pis- is for Nisei nns, JOSDI Npos, ns for Dnto^ipn ems, xin pios. for ft TtfO IS. 83 D"S for nDinD nnm for ns pnns. pS for DHtMlp B>T, Kfcp D"HS for T)D B>1V! T0"l tDB>3 the four kinds of exegesis. p-ns for for Sx^n S for for en for stands for 90. for for ' stands for 100; also for for jS 5?D^2: Np- for Nin "jni &nnp. :p for nSn^ nSnp. ip for i&irn Sp- 'p for 3py nSnp. Sp for |S Na^p, "S n^p, pnnS 7p IDp for -jnn NpSo Kp. pp for ntrnp n^np. ppp for t^np e^np 84 for trn* ^n^a nyw run Si for nsrp for S stands for 200. i for pi, *m, an, -ny^N a*i, ifi an. for for for KITJ; p DU"1 for ^ D'fcD D*in Ps. iii. 2. These are thought to be, D"& I H (Romans), D** (Babylonians), DMV (Grecians), DHfi (Medians). y^in for nSij? ^^ liin. :-i for K*\tx ^n, ^N^DJ pi, n for K0??yi ^un, in for 'n&p Tn *a> for. rwn ^NI, nSiyn pan, D^ain men for n^n^n ni^n. Sn for n^iaS njnai li^nian. m for ^nn ^xn, nD^n JWNI, xnon an for -]) IS^DV Din c M n an. for hxybw S, n-nn* S, w S, n Nan for niy^x p apr S. jan for pnu p ppv S. tan for ^at ;a pnv pi. 85 Van for *b p yaw H can for TKD "in spv S. pn for jro in pnr *m. ran for rw in pnr H nn for pan w S, &"n rrnrv 'i. Na&n for cmaK na aiD cv S, n ^ ppa apr H ri for na^ nxn, [pn? :aSn for CB^IJ p nS 22-1 for n^a '"I, N^a^n for "jizra na for nw i\sa S, for pro na nr jni in TNO nan for [tn n^a S. "]01 for pa WB S. y-i for na*py % ni- np for D^rn vSy irni. fin for pIDS B>fcn, pIS 6TN1. for pya^ [ni. for nninx p pyo^ irni. p npSe> 'i. for ^a^ p pyw [ni. for ^nv [n pya^ 'i- for -VKO [n [1^22^ S, ^D DB^ for pp? 86 for obiy ^ mi. m for mm *B>*n, on wai. jy stands for 300; and at the beginning of words often for 1t?tf. for NnnN DIG?. for for for ^ "11 for for D^ for for nSipn for for pyD B^aill 1 1% S^ Speier, Worms, Mainz. for Din for IltD for nSsnn for -ay m *a n^ DB>. for for D^S^ forJD for for wo for n % any nn^o mw, 87 " B> for TO rrrw. for nna for D'TTD the 365 precepts. for n-ray ':w, for jmnS i^T jnSn Sy for for for NII nia^, sn for IpT D for D'BP DB', for w^n NttSty, o*n NOB>, nSsn stands for 400; before and after verbs as the second person D for nriK DiJin, DiSjiN Dunn. for in for I ill Din for nwj NI sp:D :n for nSn: nyi^n, nSnj nrpn. nn for D^non n % nn, "]i"in n'7*n. ii^n for IJ^D*! mnai pmni n^in. paSann for 0^5; NTQ SN^> nasr nS^: 1 ) en nn for Din i^Sn, -in xn. ^n for *a^n* num. 88 i"pTi for nvyii nvB>p fin 11 for Q^HD min. for -i&iS iiD^n, hvh nSnn, wf? nn nSn for >n on for for TD:> innijo -nn. an for ^n^ S^ ^vi vSy niSD inn^o "nn for I&N py pi njn for "Dn ^i *nn. for for n^nn nnxa mnx on for onsio ppn. yn for n^y nn, n*i^ nSsn, y$r\ for n^in rSy xnn. pn for n^tDp nyi^n, mtsp njrpn, Nap nn for nan oinn, pn trn for yw n. ^yn^n for ns ptrn for n&* nin nt?n m^n for ny*pn nynn anas? ny^ nn for n^iin TfiSn nnn ANALYSIS RiBBIMCAL DIALECT. By this term we understand that form of the Hebrew language in which the principal Scripture-Com- mentators among the Rabbies wrote, e. g. Kimchi, Aben Ezra, Abarbanel, Alsheich, and Izchaki (vul- garly called Jarchi), together with the Mishna, the Jewish Prayer-books, &c. This Dialect is substantially Hebrew, but with some peculiarities, and a large collection of words de- rived principally from the Chaldee and Greek, and even from the Latin, French, Arabic, and the like. Books in this Dialect are generally printed in a round character, more resembling writing than the ordinary square Hebrew letters, but the power, value and pronunciation of the letters are precisely the same as in Biblical Hebrew. The principal peculiarities in this Dialect, are: 90 ] . It includes p (from tfp) among the serviles, thus, he said, who said. It occasionally inserts X, 1, % instead of the vowel- points: N for ( T ) or (~) as ^tffc? for O^; Wfc for */tp. I for (") or ( T ) as D713 for D73, liniS/, linS 1 ?- : T : II for () or () as ^ITlJ for 5^13, IB^X for 1$K, also for ( : ) or dagesh, as ni^ttv for nl23*237> riD'-D for PlDa It sometimes drops a radical at the beginning, middle or end of a word: It drops the first, in, BO, *O, p, 123, for "iriX, t^JK, N3K, pX, 123K> It drops the second, thus: *fc, Dp, ntr, D-Sn, nin for w, DID, ny^, D^Snn, ninn- i It drops the third, thus: 'X, *3, *3, *D, ^S^, 5B^, in for PK, pn, n*a, pa nn&>, ptr, nin. ii i It extends some words by fl, 23, " thus: 3, ^niin, p^n^i for pnnn, pniBa It connects words by the figures crasis, thus: I^SX, from ftX also, and l7tf if. 91 , from 17N if, 23, and N 7 not. TV 1 ?, from X7 not, and JVN there is. JO'S, from |K3 JvS not here. &O*N, from JTK there is, and JtO here. 2. In nouns, it puts for D* 1 mas. pi. the Chaldee form pthus: TlD'pl. p11D'. It puts for HI fem. pi. the termination fiV* thus: m pi. nvniK. It forms some nouns in HI, r, and % X like the Chaldee, thus: 1*) pi. fiDI, p*i. % N1in* the Jews. K1XO the Egyptians. It forms the genitive by ^& or "f, thus: pD a priest, |n^*T, or |rO ^ of a priest. It forms the accusative by JY or *?, thus: p^ a priest, [!"G H" 1 or [HD7 the priest. JV answering to Hebrew JIN, and ^ to U X. It forms the dative by putting ^ for 7, or 7tfj thus, NIpK to the Scripture, for K*lp7 or Kip 7 N. It forms the ablative by putting Tl for , thus: ^fi*n OJ1DO Nn) for \3JS& from me. IJD^n (USD NH) for UfiO from us. 3. In the Pronouns, it subjoins tf: N3K for IN father. It puts Tl, H and after the pi. IJT, S 1 for 1 his, thus, for fi*i he cast it. 92 in his days, for It puts | for ^ our, and D their, thus: p to us, for 1j?. pltf their light, for D11K. It rejects the | of pa, pa, your, and also the j or PI of pn, pH their, thus: toh to you, irk to them, for p J?, pnV It connects pronouns with their adjuncts by '% 13*hy upon you, for DD'Stf. For the possessive pronouns it uses ">{?, H % thus, ^ W, Tl mine. iSt?, Tvbn, rTTT his. For the demonstrative pronouns it uses H^H this, pi. pSn, iSSn, I^K, rsn, ^n, thus:- S "ION nSn he said no. P^DPI pSn these are defective. D^^U IvK these are the prophets. j v^Sn 177H these phylacteries. lV 7Jb *^H these words, signifying " this is only applicable." It also uses ril5< or flK that, modifying the latter with the prepositions used in supplying cases, thus: 72yr\ IfilK that servant. TDH 1WK hw of that saint, y^l initfS to that wicked one. For the relative isyfc<, gf, it puts % *j, thus: 93 they who hated. For the interrogatives it puts ', HE* *f], thus: IJTTib *n which among or of them. It forms some compounds by combining different pronouns with in (NIP!), *H (K'Pl) in the sense of the auxiliary, thus: 13^D *rh to which of you. ^HT, TIN this is. inrtf, WK which is ? IPlfc what is ? urn in^n pi. inm im they. 4. In Verbs, it drops in the praeterite the fl of the 1st. and 3d. pers. singular, and terminates both in *, thus: JON I made. ^n^i< he caused to drink. NHOI the maid who was led captive. It terminates the 1st. plur. mas. and the 3d. plur. fern, in j, thus: we have found, were praised. In the future, it puts 3 for , sometimes omitting the prefix, thus: he will teach, they will traduce. 94 In the Infinitive it adds * and inserts ) before the last radical, thus: "inn? to destroy. "HIS^S to cleanse, atone. It frequently supplies the Imperative and Conjunc- tive by 7 and the future, thus: 7 < ltD t| 7' to raise. TDv N7l that he may not grow old. In the Participle it prefixes K for , thus: NJ")7