1 01 
 

 
 *i 
 
 W- 
 

 
 THE ART 
 
 OF INVIGORATING AND PROLONGING 
 
 LIFE, 
 
 BY 
 
 FOOD, CLOTHES, AIR, EXERCISE, WINE, SLEEP, &c. 
 
 AND 
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS, 
 
 POINTING OUT 
 
 AGREEABLE AND EFFECTUAL METHODS 
 
 TO PREVENT AND RELIEVE 
 
 INDIGESTION, 
 
 AND TO 
 
 REGULATE AND STRENGTHEN THE ACTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 STOMACH AND BOWELS. 
 
 Suaviter in inodo, sed fortiter in re. 
 BY 
 
 THE AUTHOR OF THE COOK'S ORACLE," 
 
 #c. 4-c. 4-c, 
 SECOND EDITION. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 PRINTED FOR HURST, ROBINSON, AND CO. 
 . AND A. CONSTABLE AND CO., EDINBURGH. 
 
 1821.
 
 TO THE 
 
 NERVOUS AND BILIOUS, 
 
 THE FOLLOWING 
 
 TREATISE, 
 
 ON THE 
 
 OF MANAGING THOSE TEMPERAMENTS, 
 
 IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED. 
 
 2067064
 
 CONTENTS, 
 
 PAGE 
 
 ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE 1 
 
 Reducing Corpulence 50 
 
 Sleep 65 
 
 Siesta 94 
 
 Clothes 103 
 
 Fire 113 
 
 Air 119 
 
 Exercise 122 
 
 Wine 127 
 
 Peptic Precepts 156 
 
 Index 267
 
 THE NUMBERS affixed to the various Articles of Food, fyc. 
 are those referred to in the THIRD EDITION of 
 
 THE 
 
 COOK'S ORACLE: 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 RECEIPTS FOR PLAIN COOKERY 
 
 ON THE 
 
 MOST ECONOMICAL PLAN FOR PRIVATE FAMILIES 
 
 ALSO 
 
 THE ART OF COMPOSING THE MOST SIMPLE, AND 
 MOST HIGHLY FINISHED 
 
 23ro$s, Arabics, boups> Sbaurts, &tore Sbauces, 
 
 AND FLAVOURING ESSENCES: 
 
 The Quantity of each Article is 
 
 ACCURATELY STATED BY WEIGHT AND MEASURE ; 
 THE WHOLE BEING THE RESULT OF 
 
 INSTITUTED IN 
 
 THE KITCHEN OF A PHYSICIAN. 
 
 " J&isctut uttte trulte." 
 THE THIRD EDITION, 
 
 WHICH IS ALMOST ENTIRELY RE-WRITTEN. 
 
 LONDON : 
 PRINTED FOR A. CONSTABLE & Co. EDINBURGH; 
 
 AND HURST, ROBINSON, & Co. CHEAPSIDE. 
 And sold also by all Booksellers in Town and Country. 
 
 1821.
 
 THE ART 
 
 OF 
 
 INVIGORATING AND PROLONGING 
 
 LIFE 
 
 2Bfet anfo 
 
 " The choice and measure of the materials of which our Body is 
 composed, and what we take daily by POUNDS, is at least of as 
 much importance as what we take seldom, and only by Grains and 
 Spoonsful." DR. ARBUTHNOT on Aliment, pref. p. iii. 
 
 THE Editor of the following pages had 
 originally an extremely Delicate Constitu- 
 tion; and at an early period devoted 
 himself to the study of Physic, with the 
 hope of learning how to make the most 
 of his small stock of Health. 
 
 The System he adopted, succeeded, and
 
 2 THE ART OF INV[GORATING 
 
 he is arrived at his forty-third year, in 
 tolerable good Health ; and this without any 
 uncomfortable abstinence : his maxim has 
 ever been, " dum Vivimus, Vivamus." 
 
 He does not mean the Aguish existence 
 of the votary of Fashion whose Body is 
 burning from voluptuous intemperance to- 
 day, and freezing in miserable collapse to- 
 morrow not extravagantly consuming in 
 a Day, the animal spirits which Nature 
 intended for the animation of a Week 
 but keeping the expense of the machinery 
 of Life within the income of Health, 
 which the Constitution can regularly and 
 comfortably supply. 
 
 This is the grand " arcanum duplicatum" 
 for " Living all the days of your Life." 
 
 The Art of Invigorating the Health, and 
 improving the Strength of Man, has hitherto 
 only been considered for the purpose of 
 training * him for Athletic Exercises but I 
 
 * The advantages of the training system are not 
 confined to pedestrians and pugilists alone they ex-
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 3 
 
 have often thought that a similar plan might 
 be adopted with considerable advantage, 
 
 tend to every man ; and were training generally intro- 
 duced instead of medicines, as an expedient for the 
 prevention and cure of diseases, its beneficial con- 
 sequences would promote his happiness and prolong his 
 life. " Our Health, Vigour, and Activity, must 
 depend upon regimen and exercise ; or, in other words, 
 upon the observance of those rules which constitute 
 the theory of the training process." CAPT. BARCLAY 
 on Training, p. 239. 
 
 " It has been made a. question, whether Training pro- 
 duces a lasting, or only a temporary effect on the con- 
 stitution ? It is undeniable, that if a man be brought to 
 a better condition ; if corpulency, and the impurities 
 of his body disappear; and if his wind and strength be 
 improved by any process whatever, his good state of 
 health will continue, until some derangement of his 
 frame shall take place from accidental or natural 
 causes. If he shall relapse into intemperance, or 
 neglect the means of preserving his health, either by 
 omitting to take the necessary exercise, or by indulging 
 in debilitating propensities, he must expect such en- 
 croachments to be made on his constitution, as must 
 soon uuhinge his system. But if he shall observe a 
 B2
 
 4 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 to animate and strengthen enfeebled Con- 
 stitutions prevent Gout reduce Corpu- 
 lency cure Nervous and Chronic Weak- 
 ness Hypochondriac and Bilious Dis- 
 orders, &c. to increase the Enjoyment, and 
 prolong the duration of Feeble Life for 
 which Medicine, unassisted by DIET AND 
 REGIMEN, affords but very trifling and 
 temporary help. 
 
 The universal desire of repairing, per- 
 fecting, and prolonging Life, has induced 
 many ingenious men to try innumerable ex- 
 periments on almost all the products of the 
 Animal, Vegetable, and Mineral kingdoms, 
 with the hope of discovering Agents, that 
 will not merely increase or diminish the 
 force or frequency of the Pulse ; but with 
 an ardour as romantic as the search after 
 
 different plan the beneficial effects of the training 
 process will remain until the gradual decay of his 
 natural functions shall, in mature old age, intimate the 
 approach of his dissolution." CAPT. BARCLAY on 
 Training, p. 210.
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. O 
 
 the Philosopher's Stone, they have vainly 
 hoped, that Panaceas might be found pos- 
 sessing the power of curing " all the evils 
 that flesh is heir to." 
 
 This is evident enough to all who have 
 examined the early Pharmacopoeias, which 
 are full of heterogeneous compounds, the in- 
 ventions of interested, and the imaginations 
 of ignorant men. 
 
 The liberal and enlightened Physicians of 
 the last and present century have gradually 
 expunged most of these, and made the 
 science of Medicine sufficiently intelligible 
 to those whose business it is to learn it if 
 Medicine be entirely divested of its Mystery, 
 its power over the Mind, which in most 
 cases forms its main strength, will no longer 
 exist. 
 
 It was a favourite remark of the cele- 
 brated Dr. John Brown*, that " if a student 
 in Physic employed seven years in storing 
 
 * See the 338th aphorism in Cou LION'S Lacon. 
 1820. 5th Edition.
 
 6 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 his memory with the accepted, but, unfor- 
 tunately, in nine cases outof ten, imaginary 
 powers of Medicine, he would, if he did not 
 possess very extraordinary sagacity, lose a 
 much longer time in discovering the multi- 
 form delusions his medical oracles had im- 
 posed upon him before he ascertains that, 
 with the exception of Mercury for the Lues, 
 Bark for Intermittents, and Su/phttr for 
 Psora the Materia Medico, does not fur- 
 nish many Specifics and may be almost 
 reduced to Evacuants and Stimuli : " 
 However, these, skilfully administered, af- 
 ford all the assistance to Nature, that can 
 be obtained from Art ! 
 
 Let not the uninitiated in Medical Mys- 
 teries imagine for a moment, that the 
 Editor desires to depreciate their Im- 
 portance but observe once for all that 
 he has only one reason for writing this 
 Book which is, to warn you against the 
 ordinary causes of Disorder and to teach 
 you the easiest and most salutary method
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. / 
 
 of preventing or subduing it, and of re- 
 covering and preserving Health and Strength, 
 when, in spite of all your prudence, you are 
 overtaken by sickness, and have no Medical 
 Friend ready to defend you. 
 
 Experience has so long proved the actual 
 importance of TRAINING that Pugilists 
 will not willingly engage without such pre- 
 paration. 
 
 The principal rules for which are, to go 
 to Bed early to Rise early to take as 
 much Exercise as you can in the open air, 
 without fatigue to Eat and Drink mo- 
 derately of plain nourishing Food and 
 especially, to keep the Mind diverted*, and 
 in as easy and cheerful a state as possible. 
 
 * " Besides his usual or regular Exercise, a person 
 under training ought to employ himself, in the intervals, 
 in every kind of exertion which tends to activity, such 
 as cricket, bowls, throwing quoits, &c. that during the 
 whole day, both body and mind may be constantly 
 occupied." CAPT. BARCLAY on Training, p. 231. 
 
 " The nature of the disposition of the person trained 
 should also be known, that every cause of irritation may
 
 8 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 Somewhat such a system is followed 
 at the fashionable watering places and 
 great would be the improvement of Health 
 that would result from it, if it was not 
 continually counteracted, by visits to the 
 Ball Room* and the Card Table. 
 
 A residence in the Country will avail 
 little, if you carry with you there, the irre- 
 gular habits, and late hours of fashionable 
 Life. 
 
 Do not expect much benefit from mere 
 change of Air the purest breezes of the 
 country will produce very little effect, unless 
 accompanied by plenty of regular Exercise^- 
 
 be avoided ; for, as it requires great patience and per- 
 severance to undergo training, every expedient to soothe 
 and encourage the mind should be adopted." CAPT. 
 BARCLAY on Training, p. 237. 
 
 * Forty years ago, Balls, &c. used to begin in the 
 Evening, i. e. at seven, and end at Night, *'. e. twelve; 
 now it is extremely ungenteel to begin before Mid- 
 night, or finish till the Morning. 
 
 f " The Studious, the Contemplative, the Valetu- 
 dinary, and those of weak nerves if they aim at
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 9 
 
 Temperance and, above all, Tranquillity 
 of Mind. See Obs. on" AIR" and " EXER- 
 CISE." 
 
 The following is a brief sketch of the 
 usual METHOD OF TRAINING PERSONS 
 FOR ATHLETIC EXERCISES. 
 
 The Alimentary Canal* 'is cleansed by 
 
 Health and Long Life, must make Exercise in a good 
 air, a part of their Religion." CHEYJSE on Long Life, 
 p. 98. 
 
 " Whenever circumstances would permit, I have 
 recommended patients to take as much exercise as they 
 could, short of producing fatigue ; to live much in the 
 open air; and, if possible, not to suffer their minds to 
 be agitated by anxiety or fatigued by exertion." p. 90. 
 
 '* I do not allow the state of the weather to be urged 
 as an objection to the prosecution of measures so essen- 
 tial to Health, since it is in the power of every one to 
 protect themselves from cold by clothing, and the ex- 
 ercise may be taken in a chamber with the windows 
 thrown open, by actively walking backwards and for- 
 wards, as sailors do on ship-board." p. 93. See 
 ABERNETHY'S Surgical Observations. 1817. 
 
 * One of the invariable consequences of training is 
 to increase the solidity, and diminish the frequency 
 B 5
 
 10 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 an Emetic, and then two or three Pur- 
 gatives. See Index, 
 
 They are directed to eat Beef and Mutton* 
 
 rather under, than over-done, and with- 
 out either Seasoning or Sauce Broils, 
 (No. 94), are preferred to either Roasts 
 (No. 19), or Boils and stale Bread or 
 Biscuit. 
 
 Neither Veal Lamb Pork Fish 
 Milk Butter Cheese Puddings Pastry 
 
 or Vegetables, are allowed. 
 
 of the alvine exoneration, and persons become costive 
 as they improve in condition: if this disposition takes 
 place to an inconvenient degree, see Peptic Precepts, 
 Index. 
 
 * " Animal Food being composed of the most nu- 
 tritious parts of the food on which the animal lived, 
 and having been already digested by the proper organs 
 of an animal requires only solution and mixture 
 whereas vegetable food must be converted into a sub- 
 stance of an animal nature by the proper action of our 
 own viscera, and consequently requires more labour 
 of the stomach, and other digestive organs." BURTON 
 on the Non-Naturals, p. 213.
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 11 
 
 Beef and Mutton only (fresh, not salted) 
 are ordered ; but we believe this restriction 
 is seldom entirely submitted to. 
 
 Nothing tends more to renovate the 
 Constitution, than a temporary retirement 
 to the Country. 
 
 The necessity of breathing a pure Air, 
 and the strictest Temperance, are uniformly 
 and absolutely insisted upon by all Trainers ; 
 
 the striking advantages resulting there- 
 from, we have heard as universally acknow- 
 ledged by those who have been trained. 
 
 Mild Home-brewed Ah is recommended 
 for Drink about three pints per day 
 taken with Breakfast and Dinner, and a - 
 little at Supper not in large draughts but 
 by mouthfuls, alternately with your food. 
 
 Stale Beer often disturbs delicate Bowels 
 
 if your Palate warns you that Malt Liquor 
 is inclined to be hard, neutralize it with a 
 little Carbonate of Potash; that good 
 sound Beer, which is neither nauseous from 
 its newness, nor noxious from its staleness,
 
 12 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 is in unison with the animating diet of 
 Animal Food, which we are recommending 
 as the most effective antidote to debility, 
 &c. experience has sufficiently proved. 
 There can be no doubt, that the combina- 
 tion of the tonic power of the Hop, and 
 the nourishment of the Malt, is much more 
 invigorating than any simple vinous spirit, 
 but the difficulty of obtaining it good, 
 ready brewed and the trouble of Brewing 
 is so great that happy are those who are 
 contented with Good Toast and Water 
 (No. 463*), as a diluent to solid food and 
 a few glasses of wine as a finishing " Bonne 
 louche." 
 
 Those who do not like Beer are allowed 
 Wine and Water Red wine is preferred to 
 White, and not more than half a pint, (i. e. 
 eight ounces), or four common sized wine 
 glasses, after Dinner none after Supper 
 nor any Spirits, however diluted. 
 
 Eight hours' Sleep are necessary but 
 this is generally left to the previous habits
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 13 
 
 of the Person; those who take active Exer- 
 cise, require adequate Rest. 
 
 BREAKFAST* upon meat at eight o'clock 
 
 * The following was the Food taken by Capt. Bar- 
 clay in his most extraordinary walk of 1000 miles in 
 1000 successive hours, June 1, 1809. " He Break- 
 fasted after returning from his walk, at five in the morn- 
 ing. He ate a roasted Fowl, and drank a pint of strong 
 Ale, and then took two cups of Tea with Bread and 
 Butter. 
 
 " He Lunched at twelve; the one day on Beef Steaks 
 and the other on Mutton Chops, of which he ate a 
 considerable quantity. 
 
 " He Dined at six, either on Roast Beef, or Mutton 
 Chops. His drink was Porter, and two or three glasses 
 of wine. 
 
 " He Supped at eleven, on a cold fowl. He ate such 
 vegetables as were in season ; and the quantity of 
 Animal food he took daily, was from five to six pounds." 
 See Pedestrianism, p. 6. 
 
 " His style of Walking is to bend forward the body 
 and to throw its weight on the knees. His step is 
 short, and his feet are raised only a few inches from 
 the ground. Any person who will try this plan, will 
 find that his pace will be quickened, at the same time he
 
 14 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 DIN NER at two SUPPER is not advised, 
 but they may have a little bit of cold meat 
 about eight o'clock, and take a walk after, 
 between it and ten, when they go to Bed. 
 
 The Time requisite to screw a Man up to 
 his fullest Strength, depends upon his pre- 
 vious habits and Age. In the Vigour of 
 Life, between 20 and 35, a Month or two is 
 generally sufficient: more or less, accord- 
 ing as he is older, and as his previous Habits 
 have been in opposition to the above system. 
 
 By this mode of proceeding for two or 
 three months the Constitution of the human 
 
 will walk with more ease to himself, and he better able 
 to endure the fatigue of a long journey, than by walking 
 in a posture perfectly erect, which throws too much of 
 the weight of the body on the ankle-joints. He always 
 uses thick-soled shoes, and lamb's wool stockings. It 
 is a good rule to shift the stockings frequently during 
 the performance of a long distance ; but it is indispen- 
 sably requisite to have shoes with thick soles, and so 
 large, that all unnecessary pressure on the feet may be 
 avoided." p. 208.
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 15 
 
 frame is greatly improved, and the Courage 
 proportionately increased, a person who 
 was breathless, and panting on the least 
 exertion and had a certain share of those 
 Nervous and Bilious Complaints, which are 
 occasionally the companions of all who re- 
 side in great Cities becomes enabled to 
 run with ease and fleetness. 
 
 The Restorative Process having pro- 
 ceeded with healthful regularity every 
 part of the Constitution is effectively in- 
 vigorated a Man feels so conscious of 
 the actual augmentation of all his powers, 
 both Bodily and Mental, that he will under- 
 take with alacrity a task which before he 
 shrunk from encountering. 
 
 The clearness of THE COMPLEXION is 
 considered, the best criterion of a Mans being 
 in good condition to which we add the 
 appearance of the UNDER-LIP which is 
 plump and rosy, in proportion to the healthy 
 plethora of the constitution: this is a much 
 more certain symptom of vigorous Health
 
 16 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 than any indication you can form from the 
 appearance of the Tongue or the PULSE, 
 which is another very uncertain and deceiving 
 Index, the strength and frequency of which, 
 not only varies in different persons, but in 
 the same person in different circumstances 
 and positions ; in some Irritable Constitu- 
 tions the vibration of the Heart varies almost 
 as often as it Beats when we walk 
 stand sit or lie down early in the 
 morning late in the evening elated with 
 good news depressed by bad, &c. when 
 the Stomach is empty after taking food 
 after a full meal of Nutritive food after a 
 spare one of Maigre materials. Moreover, it 
 is impossible to ascertain the degree of de- 
 viation from Health by feeling a Pulse 
 unless we are well acquainted with the pecu- 
 liarity of it, when the patient is in Health. 
 
 The Editor has now arrived at the most 
 difficult part of his work, and needs all the 
 assistance that Training can give, to excite 
 him to proceed with any hope of developing
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 17 
 
 the subject, with that perspicuity and effect 
 which it deserves, and he desires to 
 give it. 
 
 The Food Clothes Fire Air Ex- 
 ercise Sleep Wine, &c. which may 
 be most advisable for invigorating the 
 Health of one individual may be by no 
 means the best adapted to produce a like 
 good effect with another ; - - at the time of 
 Life most people arrive at, before they think 
 about these things they are often become 
 the slaves of habits which have grown with 
 their growth, and strengthened with their 
 strength and the utmost that can be done 
 after our 40th year, is to endeavour very 
 gradually to correct them. 
 
 We caution those who are past the Me- 
 ridian * of Life to beware of suddenly 
 abandoning established Customs, (especially 
 of diminishing the warmth of their Clothing, 
 or the nutritive quality of what they Eat 
 
 * See Index,
 
 18 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 and Drink), which, by long usage, often 
 become as indispensable, as a Mathematical 
 Valetudinarian reckoned his Flannel Waist- 
 coat was " in the ratio that my Body 
 would be uncomfortable without my Skin 
 would my Skin be, without my Flannel 
 Waistcoat." 
 
 We recommend those who are in search 
 of Health and Strength, to read the remarks 
 which are classed under the titles WINE, 
 SIESTA, CLOTHES, " AIR " " FIRE" 
 SLEEP PEPTIC PRECEPTS, &c. 
 
 With the greatest deference, we submit 
 the following sketch, to be variously modified 
 by the Medical Adviser according to the 
 season of the Year the Age Constitu- 
 tion and previous habits of the Patient, 
 the purpose it is intended to accomplish 
 or the Disorder it is intended to prevent or 
 cure. 
 
 The first thing to be done, is to put the 
 Principal Viscera into a condition to absorb 
 the pabulum vita, we put into the Stomach
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 19 
 
 as much depends on the state of the 
 Organs of Digestion* as on the quality of 
 our Diet : therefore commence with taking, 
 early in the morning, fasting, about half an 
 hour before Breakfast, about two drams of 
 Epsom Salts (i. e. as much as will move the 
 Bowels twice, not more,) in half a pint of 
 warm water. See Index. 
 
 The following day, go into a Tepid Bath, 
 heated to about 95 degrees of Fahrenheit. 
 
 The Third day, take another dose of 
 Salts keeping to a light diet of Fish 
 Broths, &c. (Nos. 490, 563, 564, and 572). 
 During the next week, take the TONIC 
 TINCTURE, as directed in (No. 569). See 
 Index. Thus far any person may proceed 
 without any difficulty, and great benefit 
 will he derive therefrom, if he cannot pursue 
 the following part of the System : 
 
 * " According to the force of the Chylopoetic Or- 
 gans, a larger or less quantity of Chyle may be ab- 
 stracted from the same quantity of Food." ARBUTH- 
 NOT on Aliment, p. 24.
 
 4U THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 RISE early if the Weather permits, 
 amuse yourself with Exercise in the open 
 air for some time before BREAKFAST the 
 material for which, I leave entirely to the 
 previous habit of the Individual. 
 
 Such is the sensibility of the Stomach, 
 when recruited by a good night's rest, 
 that of all alterations in Diet, it will be 
 most disappointed at any change of this 
 Meal either of the time it is taken or of 
 the quantity, or quality of it so much so, 
 that the functions of a delicate Stomach 
 will be frequently deranged throughout the 
 whole Day after. 
 
 The BREAKFAST I recommend, is Good 
 Milk Gruel (No. 572), see Index, or Beef Tea 
 (No. 563), see Index, or Portable Beef Tea 
 (No. 252) ; a pint of the latter may be made 
 for two-pence halfpenny, as easily as a 
 Basin of Gruel. 
 
 The interval between Breakfast and Eleven 
 o'clock, is the best time for Intellectual busi- 
 ness then Exercise again till about Twelve 
 
 >
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 21 
 
 when probably the Appetite will be craving 
 for a LUNCHEON, which may consist of a 
 bit of roasted Poultry, a basin of good 
 Beef Tea, or Eggs poached, (No. 546), or 
 boiled in the Shell, (No. 547), Fish plainly 
 dressed, (No. 144, or 145, &c.), or a Sand- 
 wich (No. 504), stale Bread and half a 
 pint of good Home-brewed Beer or Toast 
 and Water, (No. 463*), see Index, with 
 about one-fourth or one-third part of its 
 measure of Wine, of which Port is preferred. 
 The solidity of the LUNCHEON should 
 be proportionate to the time it is intended 
 to enable you to wait for your Dinner, and 
 the activity of the Exercise you take in the 
 mean-time. 
 
 Take Exercise and Amusement as much 
 as is convenient in the open air again, till 
 past Four then rest, and prepare for DIN- 
 NER at Five which should be confined to 
 One Dish, of roasted Beef (No. 19), or 
 Mutton (No. 23), five days in the week 
 boiled meat one and roasted Poultry one
 
 22 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 with a portion of sufficiently boiled ripe 
 Vegetables mashed Potatoes are preferred, 
 see (No. 106), and the other fourteen ways 
 of dressing this useful root. 
 
 The same restrictions from other articles 
 of Food*, as we have already mentioned in 
 the plan for Training i. e. if the person 
 trained has not arrived at that time of Life, 
 when habit has become so strong that to 
 deprive him of those accustomed Indul- 
 gencies, &c. by which his health has hitherto 
 been supported would be as barbarous 
 as to take away Crutches from the 
 Lame. 
 
 * Nothing comes to perfection under a stated period 
 of growth ; and till it attains this, it will, of course, 
 afford inferior nutriment. Beef and Mutton are much 
 easier of digestion, and more nutritious, than Veal or 
 Lamb. If the flesh of Mutton and Lamb, Beef and 
 Veal, are compared, they will be found of a different 
 texture, the two young meats of a more stringy indivi- 
 sible nature than the others, which makes them harder 
 of digestion." Domestic Management, 12mo. 1813. 
 p. 151.
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 23 
 
 DRINK at Dinner, a pint of home-brewed 
 Beer, or Toast and Water (No. 463*), with 
 one-third or one-fourth part Wine, and a 
 few glasses of Wine after the less, the 
 better but take as much as custom has 
 made necessary to excite that degree of 
 circulation in your system, without which, 
 you are uncomfortable. Read Obs. on 
 " WINE." 
 
 AFTER DINNER sit quiet for a couple of 
 hours the Semi-Siesta is a pleasant position 
 i. e. the Feet on a stool about eight inches 
 high, or if your Exercise has fatigued 
 you, lie down, and indulge in Horizontal 
 Refreshment* : this you may sometimes do 
 with advantage before Dinner, if you have 
 taken more Exercise than usual, and you feel 
 tired: when the Body is fatigued, the 
 Stomach, by sympathy, will, in proportion, 
 
 * " A 40 Winks Nap," in an Horizontal posture, 
 is the most reviving preparative for any great exertion 
 of either the Mind or the Body; to which it is as 
 proper an Overture as it is a Finale, See Siesta, Index.
 
 24 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 be incapable of doing its business of 
 Digestion. 
 
 AT SEVEN, a little Tea, or warmed Milk 
 with a very little Rum, a bit of Sugar, and a 
 little Nutmeg in it after which, Exercise 
 and Amusement again, if convenient, in the 
 open air. 
 
 For SUPPER, a Biscuit, or a Sand- 
 wich, (No. 504), or a bit of cold Fowl, &c. 
 and a glass of Beer, or Wine, and Toast 
 and Water (No. 463*), and occasionally 
 (No. 572), i. e. as light a Supper as pos- 
 sible the sooner after Ten you retire to 
 rest, the better. 
 
 For those who Dine very late the best 
 Supper is Gruel (No. 572), or a little 
 Bread and Cheese, or Pounded Cheese 
 (No. 542), and a glass of Beer but if You 
 have had an early, or a Ban Yan Dinner 
 or Instinct suggests that the exhaustion, 
 from extraordinary exertion, requires more 
 restorative materials, furnish your Sto- 
 mach with a Chop or a Chicken, &c. or
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 25 
 
 some of the easily digestible and nutritive 
 materials referred to in the Index under 
 the article Food for Feeble Stomachs 
 and as much diffusible stimulus as will ani- 
 mate the Circulation, and ensure the in- 
 fluence of " Nature's sweet restorer, Balmy 
 Sleep," the soundness of which, de- 
 pends entirely on the Stomach being in 
 good temper, and the Heart supporting the 
 circulation with Salutary Vigour. See the 
 Art of Sleeping. Index. 
 
 For the Diet to be confined to Beef and 
 Mutton, is a sufficient abridgment of the 
 amusements of the Mouth it is a bar- 
 barous mortification, to insist on these 
 being always cooked the same way*, and 
 
 * " Few persons, even in the best health, can, with- 
 out disgust, bear to be confined to a peculiar food, or 
 way of living, for any length of time, (which is a strong 
 argument that variety of food is natural to mankind) ; 
 and if so, the debilitated stomachs of Valetudina- 
 rians cannot be expected to be less fastidious." FAL- 
 CONER on Diet, p. 8. 
 
 C
 
 26 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 we advise an occasional indulgence in 
 the whole range of plain Cookery, from 
 (No. 1) to (No. 98). 
 
 Broils (No. 94) are ordered in the plan 
 for Training, probably, because the most 
 convenient manner of obtaining the desired 
 portion Hot, (Food is then most easy of 
 Digestion before the process of Digestion 
 can commence, it must take the temperature of 
 the Stomach which, when in a languid state, 
 has no superfluous Heat to spare ) but as 
 the Lean part is often scorched and dried, 
 and the Fat becomes empyreumatic, from 
 being in immediate contact with the Fire 
 a slice of well roasted Ribs (No. 20), or 
 Sir Loin of Beef (No. 19), or a Leg, Neck, 
 Loin, or Saddle of Mutton (No. 23, or 26, 
 or 31), must be infinitely more succulent 
 and nutritive whether this be rather over, 
 or under-done, the previous habits of the 
 Eater must determine the Medium, be- 
 tween over and wweter-dressing is in general 
 most Agreeable, and certainly most Whole- 
 some.
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 27 
 
 That Meat which is considerably under- 
 done, contains more Nutriment than that 
 which is over-done, is true enough; 
 that which is not done at all, contains a great 
 deal more but, in the ratio that it is Raw*, 
 so is it unfortunately difficult of digestion, 
 as Spallanzani (see Index) has proved by 
 actual and satisfactory experiments. 
 
 OUR FOOD MUST BE DONE either by our 
 Cook, or l)i) our Stomach, before Diges- 
 tion can take place (see 1 st page of Obs. 
 on Siesta) ; surely no man in his senses, 
 would willingly be so wanting in considera- 
 tion of the comfort, &c. of his Stomach, as to 
 give it the needless trouble of Cooking and 
 Digesting also and waste its valuable ener- 
 gies in work which a Spit or a Stewpan can 
 do better. 
 
 Thoroughly dressed BEEF (No. 19), or 
 
 * " It appears from my experiments, that boiled, and 
 roasted, and even putrid meat, is easier of digestion 
 than rate." See J. HUNTER on the Animal Economy, 
 p. 220. 
 
 c2
 
 28 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 MUTTON (No. 23), is incomparably the most 
 animating Food we can furnish our Stomachs 
 with, and sound HOME-BREWED BEER, 
 the most invigorating Drink It is indeed, 
 Gentle Reader, notwithstanding a foolish 
 fashion has banished the natural beverage 
 of Great Britain as extremely ungenteel. 
 
 " Your Wine tippling, Dram sipping fellows retreat, 
 But your Beer-drinking Briton can never be beat." 
 
 The best Tests of the Restorative qualities 
 of Food are a small quantity of it satis- 
 fying Hunger, the strength of the Pulse 
 after it, and the length of Time which 
 elapses before Appetite returns again : 
 according to these Rules, the Editor's own 
 experience gives a decided verdict in favour 
 of Roasted or Broiled Beef (No. 19 or 94), 
 or Mutton (No. 26 or 23), as most nutritive, 
 then Game and Poultry, of which the 
 meat is Brown, (No. 59, or 61, or 74), 
 next Veal and Lamb and Poultry, of which 
 the meat is White the Fat kinds of Fish,
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 29 
 
 Eels Salmon Herrings, &c. and least 
 nutritive, the white kinds of Fish such as 
 Whiting, Cod, Soles, Haddocks, &c. For 
 further information, see Oysters, (No. 181). 
 
 The celebrated Trainer, Sir Thomas Par- 
 kyns, &c., " greatly preferred BEEF-EATERS 
 to Sheep-biters, as they called those who 
 ate Mutton." 
 
 By DR. STARR'S very curious Experi- 
 ments on Diet, p. 110, it appears, that 
 " when he fed upon Roasted Goose, he was 
 much more vigorous both in Body and Mind, 
 than with any other food." 
 
 That Fish is less nutritive than FLESH 
 the speedy return of Hunger after a dinner 
 of Fish is sufficient proof when a Trainer 
 at Newmarket* wishes to waste a Jockey he 
 is not allowed Pudding, if Fish can be 
 had. 
 
 * Newmarket affords abundant proofs, how much 
 may be done by training; Jockies sometimes reduce 
 themselves a Stone and a half in a week." WADD on 
 Corpulency, 8vo. 1816. p. 35.
 
 30 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 Crabs, Lobsters (No. 176), Prawns, &c. 
 unless thoroughly boiled, (which those sold 
 ready boiled seldom are), are tremendously 
 indigestible. 
 
 Shell Fish have long held a high rank 
 in the catalogue of easily digestible and 
 speedily restorative Foods : of these 
 Oysters (No. 181), certainly deserve the 
 best character ; but we think that they, 
 as well as Eggs, Gelatinous Substances, 
 Rich Broths*, &c. have acquired not a 
 little more reputation for these qualities 
 than they deserve. 
 
 OYSTERS are often cold and uncom- 
 fortable to Dyspeptic Stomachs unless 
 
 * " A Dog was fed on the Richest Broth, yet could 
 not be kept alive ; while another, which had only the 
 Meat boiled to a Chip, (and water), throve very well. 
 This shows the folly of attempting to nourish Men by 
 concentrated Soups, Jellies, &cc." SINCLAIR'S Code of 
 Health. 
 
 If this experiment be accurate what becomes of the 
 theoretic visions of those who have written about 
 Strengthening Jellies, Nourishing Broths, &c. ?
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 31 
 
 warmed with a certain quantity of Pepper, 
 and good White Wine. 
 
 To recruit the dnimal Spirits, and pro- 
 duce Strength, there is nothing like BEEF and 
 MUTTON moreover, when kept till pro- 
 perly tender, none will give less trouble to 
 the Digestive organs and more substantial 
 excitement to the Constitution. 
 
 The Editor has dined for some years prin- 
 cipally upon plainly roasted or boiled Beef 
 and Mutton, and has often observed, that 
 if he changes it for any other Food for 
 several days together that he suffers a 
 diminution of strength, &c. and is disposed 
 on such days to drink an additional Glass 
 of Wine, &c. See Index. 
 
 However, the fitness of various Foods, 
 and Drinks and the quantity of Nu- 
 triment which they afford depends very 
 much upon how they are prepared, and 
 as much on the inclination and abilities 
 of the concoctive faculties, which have the 
 task of converting them into Chyle. 
 
 It is quite as absurd, to suppose, that one
 
 32 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 kind of Diet, &c. is equally adapted to every 
 kind of Constitution as that one Remedy 
 will cure all Diseases. 
 
 To produce the highest degree of Health 
 and Strength we must supply the Stomach 
 with not merely that material which con- 
 tains the greatest quantity of Nourishment 
 but in making our reckoning, must take 
 into the account, the degree in which it is 
 adapted to the habits and powers of the 
 Organ which is to digest it the Arms of 
 a Giant are of little use in the Hands of a 
 Dwarf. 
 
 The Plan we have proposed, was calcu- 
 lated for Midsummer-day, when plenty of 
 hard Exercise in the open Air will soon 
 create an Appetite for the substantial Diet 
 we have recommended it is taken for 
 granted, that a Person has the opportunity 
 of devoting a couple of months to the re- 
 establishment of his Health and that during 
 that time, he will be content to consider 
 himself in the same state as any other 
 Animal out of condition and disposed to
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 33 
 
 submit cheerfully to such a modification of 
 the rules recommended, as his Medical 
 Adviser may deem most convenient to the 
 circumstances of the Case, and the Age, the 
 Constitution, and previous habits of the 
 Patient, &c. &c. 
 
 Every part of this system must be ob- 
 served in proportion and EXERCISE in- 
 creased in the same degree, that NOU- 
 RISHMENT is introduced to the Constitu- 
 tion. 
 
 The best General Rule for Diet that I can 
 write, is to Eat and Drink only of such 
 Foods at such times, and in such quan- 
 tities as Experience has convinced you, 
 agree with your Constitution and abso- 
 lutely to avoid all other. 
 
 A very different Regimen must be ob- 
 served by those who live a Life with Labour 
 or Exercise or of Indolence, and at 
 the different Periods of Life. 
 
 HUMAN LIFE may be divided into Three 
 Stages. 
 
 c5
 
 34 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 The FIRST, The period of Preparation from 
 our birth, till about our 21st year, when the 
 Body has generally attained the acme of 
 expansion : till then, a continual and co- 
 pious supply of Chyle is necessary, not only 
 to keep our machinery in repair, but to 
 furnish material for the increase of it. 
 
 The SECOND from 21 to 42, The period 
 of Active Usefulness ; during which, nothing 
 more is wanted, than to restore the daily 
 waste, occasioned by the actions of the Vital 
 and Animal Functions. 
 
 The THIRD, The period of Decline: this 
 comes on and proceeds with more or less 
 celerity, according to the original strength 
 of the Constitution, and the Economy* with 
 which it has been managed during the second 
 period. (Age is a relative term, one man is 
 as old at 40 as another is at 60) : but after 
 
 * " The excesses of our Youth, are drafts upon our 
 old Age, payable with interest, about twenty years 
 after date.". COLTON'S Lacon. 5th Edition, 1820, 
 p. 51.
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 35 
 
 42, the most vigorous become gradually more 
 passive* and after 63, pretty nearly quite 
 so. 
 
 * The Teeth are renewed at the 7th year. 
 
 Puberty arrives at twice seven- 14. 
 
 Full stature at three times seven 21. 
 
 The vigour of growth at four times seven. 28. 
 The greatest vigour of Body and Mind at five 
 
 times seven 35. 
 
 The commencement of decay at six times 
 
 seven. 42. 
 
 General Decay, and decrease of energy, at 
 
 seven times seven 49. 
 
 Old Age at eight times seven - 56. 
 
 And the grand climacteric of the Ancients 
 
 at nine times seven. - . 63. 
 
 Dr. JAMESON on the Changes of the Human Body, p. 31.
 
 36 
 
 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 SIR WILLIAM JONES'S ANDROMETER. 
 
 -Ideas received through the Senses. 
 
 15 
 
 25 
 
 Speaking, and Pronunciation. 
 -Letters, and Spelling. 
 -Ideas retained in the Memory. 
 
 Reading and Repeating. 
 -Grammar of his own Language. 
 -Memory exercised. 
 -Moral and Religious Lessons. 
 
 Natural History and Experiments. 
 -Dancing, Music, Drawing, Exercises. 
 -History of his own Country. 
 -Latin. 
 -Greek. 
 
 -French and Italian. 
 -Translations. 
 
 -Compositions in Verse and Prose. 
 -Rhetoric and Declamation. 
 -History and Law. 
 -Logic and Mathematics. 
 -Rhetorical Exercises. 
 -Philosophy and Politics. 
 -Compositions in Ins own Language. 
 -Declamations continued. 
 -Ancient Orators studied. 
 -Travel and Conversation. 
 -Speeches at the Bar, or in Parliament. 
 -State Affairs. 
 
 -Historical Studies continued. 
 -Law and Eloquence. 
 -Public Life. 
 
 -Private and Social Virtues. 
 -Habits of Eloquence improved. 
 
 Philosophy resumed at leisure. 
 
 Orations published. 
 
 -Exertions in State and Parliament.
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 
 
 37 
 
 -Civil Knowledge mature. 
 -Eloquence perfect. 
 -National Rights defended. 
 -The Learned protected. 
 -The Virtuous assisted. 
 -Compositions published. 
 -Science improved. 
 -Parliamentary Affairs. 
 -Laws enacted, and supported. 
 -Fine Arts patronized. 
 -Government of his Family. 
 -Education of his Children. 
 -Vigilance as a Magistrate. 
 -Firmness as a Patriot. 
 -Virtue as a Citizen. 
 -Historical Works. 
 -Oratorical Works. 
 -Philosophical Works. 
 -Political Works. 
 -Mathematical Works. 
 
 . Continuation of former Pursuits. 
 
 -Fruits of his Labour enjoyed. 
 -A glorious Retirement. 
 -An amiable Family. 
 -Universal Respect. 
 -Consciousness of a Virtuous Life. 
 
 Perfection of Earthly Happiness. 
 
 -Preparation for ETERNITY.
 
 38 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 The most common cause of Dyspeptic Dis- 
 orders, which are so prevalent at the com- 
 mencement of the Third Period of Life - 
 is an increasing indolence, inducing us to 
 diminish the degree of the active Exercise 
 we have been in the habit of taking with- 
 out in a corresponding degree diminishing 
 the quantity of our Food on the contrary, 
 people seem to expect the Stomach to grow 
 stronger and to work harder as it gets Older, 
 and to almost entirely support the Circula- 
 tion without the help of Exercise, 
 
 As the activity of our existence and the 
 accommodating powers of the Stomach, &c. 
 diminish in like degree must we lessen 
 the quantity and be careful of the quality 
 of our Food, eat oftener and less at a time 
 or Indigestion and the multitude of Dis- 
 orders of which it is the fruitful parent, 
 will soon destroy us. 
 
 The System of CORNARO has been oftener 
 quoted, than understood most people ima- 
 gine, it was one of rigid Abstinence and
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 39 
 
 comfortless Self-denial but this was not 
 the case : his Code of Longevity consisted 
 in steadily obeying the suggestions of 
 Instinct and Economizing his Vitality, and 
 living under his income of Health, carefully 
 regulating his temper and cultivating 
 cheerful habits. 
 
 THE FOLLOWING is A COMPENDIUM OF 
 HIS PLAN in his own words. 
 
 He tells us that when Fourscore 
 
 " I am used to take in all twelve ounces 
 of solid nourishment, such as Meat, and the 
 yolk of an Egg, 8cc. and fourteen ounces of 
 drink : I eat Bread, Soup, New-laid Eggs, 
 Veal, Kid, Mutton, Partridge, Pullets, 
 Pigeons, 8cc. and some Sea and River Fish. 
 
 " I made choice of such Wines and Meats 
 as agreed with my Constitution, and declined 
 all other diet and proportioned the quantity 
 thereof to the strength of my Stomach, and 
 abridged my Food as my years increased. 
 
 " Every one is the best judge of the food 
 which is most agreeable to his own Stomach,
 
 40 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 it is next to impossible, to judge what is 
 best for another; the Constitutions of men 
 are as different from each other as their 
 complexions." p. 36. 
 
 " 1st. Take care of the quality. 
 
 " 2dly. Of the quantity so as to eat 
 and drink nothing that offends the Stomach, 
 nor any more than you can easily digest: 
 your experience ought to be your guide in 
 these two principles when you arrive at 
 Forty : by that time you ought to know that 
 you are in the midst of your life ; thanks to 
 the goodness of your Constitution which has 
 carried you so far : but that when you are 
 arrived to this period, you go down the hill 
 apace and it is necessary for you to change 
 your course of life, especially with regard to 
 the quantity and quality of your diet 
 because it is on that, the health and length 
 of our days do radically depend. Lastly ; if 
 the former part of our lives has been 
 altogether sensual the latter ought to be 
 rational and regular ; order being necessary
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 41 
 
 for the preservation of all things, especially 
 the life of man. Longevity cannot be 
 attained without continence and sobriety*." 
 
 " At thirty Man suspects himself a Fool, 
 Knows it at forty, and reforms his plan." 
 
 By the small quantity of Food, and great 
 proportion of his Meat to his Drink, this 
 noble Venetian, at the age of forty, freed 
 himself, by the advice of his Physicians, 
 from several grievous disorders contracted 
 by intemperance, and lived in health of body, 
 and great cheerfulness of mind, to above an 
 hundred. Briefly, the secret of his Lon- 
 gevity seems to have been, a gradually 
 increasing Temperance " in omnibus" and 
 probably, after a certain time of Life, absti- 
 nence from the " opus magnum." 
 
 * " Cornaro found that as the powers of his stomach 
 declined with the powers of Life in general, that it was 
 necessary that he should diminish the quantity of his 
 food ; and by so doing, he retained to the last the feel- 
 ings of Health." ABERNETHY'S Surg. Ois.p. 71.
 
 42 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 The source of physical and moral Health, 
 Happiness, and Longevity, 
 
 " Reason's whole pleasure, all the Joys of Sense 
 Lie in three words, Health, peace, and competence. 
 But Health consists in temperance alone ; 
 And Peace, oh Virtue ! Peace is all thy own." 
 
 POPE. 
 
 Intensive Life, can only be purchased at 
 the price of Extensive. 
 
 If you force the Heart to gallop as 
 fast during the second, as it does during the 
 first stage of life and make the steady fire 
 of 42, to blaze as brightly as the flame of 
 21, it will very soon be burnt out. 
 
 Those who cannot be content to submit 
 to that diminution of action ordained by 
 nature, against which there is no appeal, 
 as it is the absolute covenant, by the most 
 attentive and implicit observance of which 
 we can only hope to hold our lease of life 
 comfortably, will soon bring to the dimi- 
 nished energy of the Second Stage of Life 
 the Paralysis of the Third.
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 43 
 
 From 40 to 60, a witty French author 
 tells us, is " La belle saison* pour la Gour- 
 mandise ;" for the artificial pleasures of the 
 Palate, it may be, and the Bon Vivant 
 cultivates them as the means of prolonging 
 the vigour of Youth and procrastinating 
 the approach of Age. 
 
 Restoration may certainly be considerably 
 facilitated, by preparing and dressing food 
 so as to render it easily soluble if the 
 secret of Rejuvenization be ever discovered, 
 it will be found in the Kitchen. 
 
 Very soon after we pass the Meridian of 
 Life, (which, according to those who train 
 men for athletic exercises, and to Dr. Jame- 
 son, f is our 28th, and to Dr. Cheyne, about 
 
 * And for Culinary Operators from 25 to 40. 
 Before the former, they can hardly accumulate suffi- 
 cient experience ; and after the latter, they every day 
 lose a portion of their " bon gout" and activity. 
 
 t See his sensible Essay on the Changes of the 
 Human Body at different Ages. 8vo. 1811. p. 89.
 
 44 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 our 35th year,) the elasticity of the Animal 
 System imperceptibly diminishes, our 
 Senses become less susceptible, and are 
 every hour getting the worse for wear, how- 
 ever Self-Love, assisted by your Hair- 
 dresser, and Tailor, &c. may endeavour to 
 persuade you to the contrary. 
 
 Digestion and Sleep are less perfect the 
 restorative process more and more fails to 
 keep pace with the consuming process the 
 body is insufficiently repaired, more easily 
 deranged, and with more difficulty brought 
 into adjustment again ; till at length the 
 vital power being diminished, and the organs 
 deteriorated, Nourishment can neither be 
 received, or prepared and diffused through 
 the constitution and Consumption so much 
 exceeds Renovation, that decay rapidly closes 
 the scene of Life. 
 
 One may form some Idea of the Self-con- 
 sumption of the human body, by reflecting 
 that the pulsation of the Heart, and the mo-
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 45 
 
 tion of the Blood connected with it, takes place 
 100,000 times every day; i. e. on an average 
 the pulse* beats 70 times in a minute, 
 multiplied by 60 minutes in an hour, 
 
 4200 
 
 24 hours in a day, 
 
 16800 
 8400 
 
 108000 pulsations in a day. 
 
 .* " The Pulse in the new-born Infant, while placidly 
 
 sleeping, is about 140 in a minute. 
 
 Towards the end of the first Year 124 
 Towards the end of the second Year 110 
 Towards the end of the third and 
 
 fourth Years - 96 
 
 When the first Teeth drop out 86 
 
 At Puberty 80 
 
 At Manhood - 75 
 
 At Sixty, about 60" 
 
 BLUMENBACH'S Physiology, p. 40. 
 The expectations of Life are thus calculated by De 
 Moivre Subtract the age of the person from 86, half 
 the remainder will be the expectation of that Life.
 
 46 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 What Machine, of the most adamantine 
 material, will not soon be the worse for 
 wear, from such incessant vibration espe- 
 cially if the Mainsprings of it are not pre- 
 served in a state of due regulation ? 
 
 The generative faculties, which are the 
 last that Nature finishes are the first 
 that fail. -Economy in the exercise of them 
 especially before and after the second 
 period of Life is the grand precept for the 
 restoration and accumulation of Strength, 
 the preservation of Health, and the pro- 
 longation of Life ; we are vigorous, in pro- 
 portion to the perfection of the performance 
 of the Restorative process, i. e. as we Eat 
 hearty, and Sleep soundly as our Body 
 loses the power of renovating itself, in like 
 ratio, fails its faculty of creating what may 
 be a salutary subduction of the superfluous 
 health of the Second during the Third 
 period of life, will be a destructive sacrifice 
 of the strength of both the Mind and the 
 Body. See also the 9th chapter of the First 
 Edition of WILLICH on Diet. 8vo. 1799.
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 47 
 
 The next organical defect, (we perceive 
 too plainly for our self-love to mistake it,) 
 is manifested by THE EYE*. To read a 
 small print you must remove it from the 
 Eye further than you have been accustomed 
 to do and place it in a better light. 
 
 The FALSETTO Voice now begins to fail, 
 and THE EAR loses some of its quickness 
 several extraordinary Musicians have been 
 able till then, if a handful of the keys of a 
 Harpsichord were put down so as to produce 
 the most irrelative combinations to name 
 each half note without a mistake. When I 
 mentioned this to that excellent Organ 
 Player, Mr. Charles Wesley, he said, " At 
 the age of twenty, I could do it myself but 
 I can't now." He was then in his 55th 
 year. 
 
 About the same time, the Palate is no 
 longer contented with being employed as a 
 
 * See the history of a case of Spectacles, &c. in page 
 61 of Dr. KITCHINER'S Practical Observations on 
 Telescopes, Opera Glasses, fyc. Third Edition.
 
 48 THE ART OF INVIGORATING 
 
 mere shovel to the Stomach, and as it finds 
 its master becomes every day more difficult 
 to please learns to be a more watchful 
 Purveyor. 
 
 After 40, the strongest People begin to 
 talk about being Bilious, or Nervous, &.c. &.c. 
 and the Stomach will no longer do its duty 
 properly unless the Food offered to it is 
 perfectly agreeable to it when offended, 
 Indigestion brings with it, all that melancholy 
 depression of the Animal Spirits, which 
 disables a Man from either thinking with 
 precision, or acting with vigour during the 
 distressing suspension of the restorative pro- 
 cess arise all those miseries of Mind and 
 Body, which drive Fools to get drunk, and 
 make Madmen commit suicide: without 
 due attention to Diet, &,c. the Third period 
 of Life is little better than a Chronic 
 Disease. 
 
 As our assimilating powers become en- 
 feebled, we must endeavour to entertain 
 them with food so prepared, as to give
 
 AND PROLONGING LIFE. 49 
 
 them the least trouble, and the most nou- 
 rishment*. 
 
 In the proportion that our Food is restora- 
 tive, and properly digested our bodies are 
 preserved in Health and Strength and 
 all our faculties continue vigorous and 
 perfect. 
 
 If it is unwholesome, ill-prepared, and in- 
 digestible the Body languishes, and is 
 exhausted even in its youth its strength and 
 faculties daily decrease, and it sinks beneath 
 the weight of the painful sensations attend- 
 ant on a state of Decay. 
 
 Would to Heaven that a Cook could 
 help our Stomachs, as much as an Opti- 
 cian can our Eyes : our Existence would 
 be as much more perfect than it now 
 is, as our Sight is superior to our other 
 Senses. 
 
 * " In proportion as the powers of the Stomach are 
 weak, so ought we to diminish the quantity ofour food, 
 and take care that it be as nutritive, and as easy of 
 digestion as possible." ABERNETHY'S Surgical Obser* 
 vat ions, p. 67. 
 
 D
 
 50 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 " The vigour of the Mind decays with 
 that of the Body and not only Humour 
 and Invention, but even Judgment and Reso- 
 lution, change and languish, with ill con- 
 stitution of Body and of Health." Sir 
 WILLIAM TEMPLE. 
 
 The following account of the successful 
 
 REDUCTION OF CORPULENCE AND IM- 
 PROVEMENT OF HEALTH, the Editor can 
 vouch for being a faithful statement of 
 Facts. 
 
 30 January, 1821. 
 MY DEAR SIR, 
 
 IN consequence of the Conversation I 
 had with you, upon the advantages I 
 had derived from Exercise and attention to 
 Diet in the reduction of Weight, and your 
 desire that I should communicate as far as I 
 recollect them, the particulars of my Case ; 
 I have great pleasure in forwarding to you 
 the following Statement. 
 
 I measure in height six Feet and half 
 an Inch, possess a sound Constitution 
 and considerable activity. At the age of
 
 TO REDUCE CORPULENCE. 51 
 
 Thirty I weighed about 18 Stone two years 
 afterwards I had reached the great weight of 
 nineteen Stone, in perfect Health, always 
 sleeping well and enjoying good Appetite 
 and Spirits soon after, however, I began 
 to experience the usual attendants on ful- 
 ness of Habit, a disinclination to rise in the 
 morning from drowsiness, heaviness about 
 the Forehead after I had risen, and a dispo- 
 sition to Giddiness; I was also attacked 
 by a complaint in one of my Eyes, the Symp- 
 toms of which it is unnecessary to describe, 
 but it proved to be occasioned by fullness of 
 blood, as it was removed by cupping in 
 the temple. I lost four ounces of blood from 
 the temple; and thinking that the loss of 
 a little more might be advantageous, I had 
 eight ounces taken from the back; and in 
 order to prevent the necessity, as far as pos- 
 sible, of future bleeding, I resolved to reduce 
 the system by increasing my Exercise and 
 diminishing my Diet. 
 
 I therefore took an early opportunity of 
 seeing Mr. Jackson, (whose respectability 
 J> 2
 
 52 THE ART OF INVIGOHATING LIFE- 
 
 and skill as a teacher of sparring is uni- 
 versally acknowledged,) and after some 
 Conversation with him, determined upon 
 acting under his Advice. 
 
 I accordingly commenced Sparring, having 
 provided myself with flannel Dresses, which 
 I always used, being extremely careful on 
 changing them to avoid the risk of cold, and 
 I recollect no instance in which I was not 
 successful. 
 
 I also had recourse to Riding Schools, 
 riding without stirrups, so as to have the 
 advantage of the most powerful exercise the 
 Horse could give; these exercises I took 
 in the morning in the proportion probably of 
 sparring twice a week, and riding three or 
 four times. 
 
 Frequently at night I resumed my Exer- 
 cise, Walking and sometimes Running, 
 generally performing about five miles an 
 hour, till I again produced perspiration ; 
 every other Opportunity I could resort to 
 of bodily exercise I also availed myself of. 
 
 In respect to diet, I had accustomed myself
 
 TO REDUCE CORPULENCE. 53 
 
 to Suppers and drinking excellent Table 
 Beer in large quantities, and for probably ten 
 Years, had indulged myself with Brandy and 
 Water after Supper: this practice I en- 
 tirely discontinued, substituting Toast and 
 Water with my Dinner, and Tea and a good 
 allowance of Toast for Supper, always avoid- 
 ing copious Draughts. 
 
 I left off drinking malt Liquor as a habit, 
 and indeed, very seldom drank it at all. I 
 took somewhat less meat at Dinner, avoiding 
 Pies and Puddings as much as possible, but 
 always took three or four Glasses of Port 
 after dinner. 
 
 During the time I was under this training, 
 I took the opinion of an eminent Physician 
 upon the subject, who entirely approved 
 of my Plan, and recommended the occasional 
 use of Aperient medicine, but which I 
 seldom resorted to. 
 
 The Result of all this, was a reduction 
 of my Weight of upwards of three Stone, 
 or about Forty-five Pounds, in about six or
 
 54 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 seven months. I found my activity very 
 much increased, and my wind excellent, but, 
 I think, my Strength not quite so great, 
 though I did not experience any material 
 Reduction of it : my Health was perfect 
 throughout. 
 
 I then relaxed my System a little, and have 
 up to the present time, being a period of ten 
 Years, avoided the necessity of bleeding, and 
 have enjoyed an almost uninterrupted con- 
 tinuance of good Health, although my Weight 
 has gradually increased ; sometimes, however, 
 fluctuating between 7 or 8 Pounds and a 
 Stone, according to my means of Exercise, 
 always increasing in Winter, and losing in 
 Summer ; and at this moment (January 
 29th, 1821,) I am about a Stone more than I 
 ought to be, having ascertained, that my 
 best bodily Strength, is at sixteen Stone 
 and a half. 
 
 When the object is to Reduce Weight, rest 
 and moderate Food will always sufficiently 
 restore the exhaustion arising from Exercise ;
 
 TO REDUCE CORPULENCE. 55 
 
 if an additional quantity of Food and 
 nourishing Liquors be resorted to, the Body 
 will in general be restored to the weight 
 it was before the Exercise. 
 
 I have sometimes lost from ten ounces to 
 a Pound in weight by an Hour's sparring. 
 If the object be not to reduce the weight, 
 the Food may safely be proportioned to the 
 Exercise. 
 
 You will readily perceive, that the plan 
 I adopted, ought only to be resorted to by 
 Persons of sound Constitution and of athle- 
 tic bodily Frame, it would be absurd to 
 lay down a general rule for the adoption of 
 all fat men. 
 
 I think, with all lusty men, the drink- 
 ing of malt Liquor of any kind is in- 
 jurious, Meat taken more than once 
 a day is liable to the same Objection. 
 I still persevere in the disuse of malt Liquors 
 and Spirits, and Suppers, seldom taking 
 more than four Glasses of Wine as a 
 habit, although I do not now deem it
 
 56 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 necessary to make myself so far the Slave 
 of habit, as to refuse the Pleasures of the 
 Table when they offer. 
 
 I am, dear Sir, 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 The following are the most interesting 
 Facts in Dr. Bryan Robinson's Essay on the 
 Food and Discharges of the Human Body, 
 8vo. 1748, which has become scarce. 
 
 " I am now, in May 1747, in the 68th year 
 of my age. The length of my Body is 63 
 Inches : I am of a sanguine but not robust 
 constitution and am at present neither 
 lean nor fat. In the year 1721 the Morning 
 weight of my body without Clothes, was 
 about 131 Avoirdupois pounds, the daily 
 weight of my food at a medium was about 
 85 Avoirdupois ounces, and the proportion 
 of my Drink to my Meat, I judge was at that 
 time about 2. 5 to 1. 
 
 " At the latter end of May 1744, my weight
 
 TO REDUCE CORPULENCE. 57 
 
 was above 164 pounds, and the proportion of 
 my Drink to my Meat was considerably 
 greater than before, and had been so for 
 some time. I was then seized with a Pa- 
 ralytic disorder, which obliged me to make 
 an alteration in my diet. In order to settle 
 the proportion of my Drink to my Meat, 
 I considered what others have said concern- 
 ing this proportion. 
 
 " According to Sanctorius, though he 
 reckons it a disproportion, the drink to the 
 meat in his time, was about 10 to 3 in 
 temperate bodies. 
 
 COHNARO'S drink to his Meat, was as 7 to 6. 
 
 Mr. RYE'S, in winter, as- 4 to 3. 
 
 Dr. LINING'S, at a medium- -- 11 to 3. 
 
 And my drink to my meat 5 to 2. 
 
 A mean taken from all these makes the 
 
 Drink to the Meat about 2 to 1. 
 
 B. ROBINSON on Food and Discharges, p. 34. 
 
 " At the age of 64, by lessening my food, 
 and increasing the proportion of my meat to 
 my drink, i. e. by lessening my drink about 
 D 5
 
 58 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 a third part, (i. e. to 20 ounces) and my 
 meat about a sixth, (i. e. 38 ounces) of what 
 they were in 1721, I have freed myself for 
 these two years past from the returns of a 
 Sore throat and Diarrhoea, Disorders I often 
 had, though they were but slight, and never 
 confined me. I have been much more costive 
 than I was before, when I lived more fully, and 
 took more Exercise, and have greatly, for my 
 age, recovered the paralytic weakness I was 
 seized with three years ago. 
 
 "Hence we gather, that good and constant 
 Health consists in a just quantity of food ; 
 and a just proportion of the meat to the 
 drink : and that to be freed from chronical 
 disorders contracted by Intemperance the 
 quantity of food ought to be lessened ; and 
 the . proportion of the meat to the drink 
 increased more or less, according to the 
 greatness of the disorders, p. 61. 
 
 " I commonly ate four ounces of Bread 
 and Butter, and drank half a pound of a very 
 weak infusion of Green Tea for Breakfast.
 
 TO REDUCE CORPULENCE. 59 
 
 For Dinner I took two ounces of Bread, 
 and the rest Flesh-meat, Beef, Mutton, 
 Pork, Veal, Hare, Rabbit, Goose, Turkey, 
 Fowl tame and wild, and Fish. I generally 
 chose the strongest meats as fittest, since 
 they agreed well with my stomach, to keep 
 up the power of my body under this great 
 diminution of my food ; I seldom took any 
 Garden stuff' finding that it commonly 
 lessened perspiration and increased my weight. 
 I drank four ounces of water with my 
 meat and a pound of Claret after I had done 
 eating. At night I ate nothing, but drank 12 
 ounces of water with a pipe of Tobacco, p. 63. 
 
 " There is but one Weight, under which a 
 grown body can enjoy the best and most un- 
 interrupted Health, p. 91. That Weight is 
 such as enables the Heart to supply the 
 several parts of the body with just quantities 
 of Blood, p. 100. 
 
 The weight under which an Animal has the 
 greatest strength and activity which I shall 
 call its Athletic weight, is that weight under
 
 60 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 which the Heart and the proportion of the 
 weight of the Heart to the weight of the body 
 are greatest : the strength of the Muscles is 
 measured by the strength of the Heart, p. 1 17. 
 
 " If the weight of the body of an Animal 
 be greater than its Athletic Weight, it may 
 be reduced to that weight by evacuations, 
 dry food and exercise. These lessen the 
 weight of the Body, by wasting its fat, 
 and lessening its Liver ; and they increase 
 the weight of the Heart, by increasing the 
 quantity and motion of the blood. Thus 
 a game Cock in ten days is reduced to his 
 athletic weight, and prepared for fighting. 
 
 " If the Food, which with Evacuations and 
 Exercise, reduced the Cock to his athletic 
 weight in ten days, be continued any longer, 
 the Cock will not have that strength and 
 activity which he had before under his 
 athletic weight ; which may be owing to the 
 loss of weight going on after he arrives at 
 his athletic weight. 
 
 " It is known by experiment, that a Cock
 
 TO REDUCE CORPULENCE. 61 
 
 cannot stand above 24 hours at his athletic 
 weight, and that a Cock has changed very 
 much for the worse in 12 hours. 
 
 " When a Cock is at the top of his condi- 
 tion, that is, when he is at his athletic weight, 
 
 ' t ij * 
 
 his Head is of a glowing red colour, his Neck 
 thick, and his Thigh thick and firm ; the day 
 after his complexion is less glowing, his Neck 
 thinner, and his Thigh softer; and the third 
 day his Thigh will be very soft and flaccid, 
 p. 119. 
 
 " If the increase of weight in a small 
 compass of time, rise to above a certain 
 quantity, it will cause disorders. 
 
 " I can bear an increase of above a pound 
 and a half in one day, and an increase of three 
 or four pounds in six or seven days, without 
 being disordered ; but think I should suffer 
 from an increase of five or six pounds in 
 that time. 
 
 " An increase of weight may be carried 
 offby lessening the Food, or by increasing 
 the Discharges. The discharges may be
 
 62 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 increased either by exercise, or by evacua- 
 tions procured by art. 
 
 " By lessening the daily quantity of my 
 food to 23 ounces, I have lost 26 ounces ; 
 by fasting a whole day, I lost 48 ounces, 
 having gained 27 the day before. 
 
 " Mr. Rye was a strong, well set, corpulent 
 man, of a sanguine complexion ; by a brisk 
 walk for one hour before breakfast he threw 
 off, by insensible perspiration, one pound 
 of increased weight; by a walk of three 
 hours, he threw off two pounds of increased 
 weight. The best way to take off an increase 
 of weight which threatens a distemper, is 
 either by fasting or exercise, p. 84. 
 
 " The mean loss of weight by several 
 grown bodies caused by a purging medicine 
 composed of a drachm of Jalap and ten 
 grains of Calomel, was about 2| Avoirdupois 
 pounds ; and the mean quantity of Liquor, 
 drank during the time of Purging, was about 
 double the loss of Weight." ROBINSON 
 on the minimal Economy, p. 458.
 
 TO REDUCE CORPULENCE. 63 
 
 " I have lost, by a spontaneous Diarrhoea, 
 two pounds in twenty- four hours; and Mr. 
 Rye lost twice that quantity in the same 
 time." On the Food and Discharges of 
 Human Bodies, by B. ROBINSON, p. 84. 
 
 " Most Chronic Diseases arise from too 
 much Food and too little Exercise, both of 
 which lessen the weight of the Heart and 
 the quantity of Blood ; the first by causing 
 fatness ; the second by a diminution of the 
 blood's motion. 
 
 " Hence, when the LIVER is grown too 
 large by Intemperance and Inactivity, it may 
 be lessened and brought to a healthful mag- 
 nitude by Temperance and Exercise. It 
 may be emptied other ways by art; but 
 nothing can prevent its filling again, and 
 consequently secure good and constant 
 Health but an exact Diet and Exercise. 
 Purging and Vomiting may lessen the 
 Liver, and reduce it to its just magnitude ; 
 but these evacuations cannot prevent 
 its increasing again, so long as persons live
 
 64 THE ART OP INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 too fully, and use too little exercise and 
 can only be done by lessening the Food 
 and increasing the Exercise." 
 
 " Much sleep, much food, and little 
 exercise, are the principal things which make 
 animals grow fat. If the Body, on account 
 of Age or other Infirmities, cannot use suffi- 
 cient Exercise, and takes much the same 
 quantity of Sleep, its weight must be 
 lessened by lessening the Food, which may 
 be done by lessening the Drink, without 
 making any change in the Meat ; as I have 
 proved myself by experience." p. 90. 
 
 On this subject, see also Dr. STARK on 
 Diet, and SANCTORIUS' Medecina Static a. 
 Dr. HEMING on Corpulency. Mr. WADD 
 on Corpulency. Dr. ARBUTHNOT on Ali- 
 ment.
 
 SLEEP. 65 
 
 SLEEP. 
 
 " When tired with vain rotations of the Day. 
 Sleep winds us up for the succeeding dawn," 
 
 YOUNG. 
 
 HEALTH may be as much injured by 
 interrupted and insufficient Sleep, as by 
 luxurious indulgence. 
 
 Valetudinarians who regularly retire to 
 rest, and arise at certain hours, are unable, 
 without injurious violence to their feelings 
 to resist the inclination to do so. 
 
 " Pliant Nature more or less demands 
 
 As Custom forms her; and ail sudden change 
 She hates, of Habit even from bad to good. 
 If faults in Life or new emergencies 
 From Habits* urge you by long time confirm'd, 
 Slow must the change arrive, and stage by stage, 
 Slow as the stealing progress of the Year." 
 
 ARMSTRONG'S Art of Preserving Health. 
 
 * " Nothing is a greater Enemy to feeble life, than 
 laying aside old habits or leaving a climate, or place,
 
 66 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 How important it is, then, to cultivate 
 good and convenient Habits: Custom will 
 soon render the most rigid rules, not only 
 easy, but agreeable. 
 
 " The Strong, by bad habits, grow weaker, we know ; 
 And by good ones, the Weak will grow stronger also." 
 
 The Debilitated require much more rest 
 than the Robust : nothing is so restorative 
 to the nerves, as sound, and uninterrupted 
 Sleep, which is the chief source of both 
 Bodily and Mental Strength. 
 
 The Studious need a full portion of Sleep, 
 which seems to be as necessary nutriment to 
 the Brain, as Food is to the Stomach. 
 
 Our Strength and Spirits are infinitely 
 more exhausted by the exercise of our 
 
 to which one has been long accustomed : the irritation 
 occasioned by such changes is highly prejudicial. 
 
 " Even pernicious habits, insalubrious air, &c. must 
 be abandoned with great caution or we shall thereby 
 hasten the end of our Patient." STRUVE'S Asthenology, 
 p. 398.
 
 SLEEP. 
 
 67 
 
 Mental, than by the labour of our Corporeal 
 faculties let any person try the effect of 
 Intense Application for a few hours He will 
 soon find how much his Body is fatigued 
 thereby, although He has not stirred from 
 the Chair He sat on. 
 
 Those who are candidates for Health 
 must be as circumspect in the task they set 
 their mind, as in the exercise they give to 
 their Body. 
 
 Dr. ARMSTRONG, the Poet of Health, 
 observes, 
 
 " Tis the great Art of LIFE to manage well 
 The restless Mind." 
 
 The grand secret seems to be, to contrive 
 that the exercise of the Body, and that of 
 the Mind, may serve as relaxations to each 
 other. 
 
 Over Exertion, or Anxiety of Mind, dis- 
 turbs Digestion infinitely more than any 
 fatigue of Body the Brain demands a 
 much more abundant supply of the Animal
 
 68 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 Spirits, than is required for the excitement 
 of mere Legs and Arms. 
 
 " Tis the Sword that wears out the Scabbard." 
 
 Of the two ways of fertilizing the Brain 
 by Sleep, or by Spirituous Stimulus (for 
 some write best in the Morning, others 
 when wound up with Wine, after Dinner 
 or Supper:) the former is much less ex- 
 pensive and less injurious to the consti- 
 tution than either Port, or Brandy, whose 
 aid it is said that some of our best Authors 
 have been indebted to, for their most bril- 
 liant productions. 
 
 Calling one day on a literary friend, we 
 found him reclining on a Sofa on express- 
 ing our concern to find him indisposed, he 
 said, " No, I was only hatching, I have 
 been writing till I w 7 as quite tired my 
 paper must go to Press to day so I was 
 taking my usual restorative A Nap 
 which if it only lasts five minutes, so re-
 
 SLEEP. 69 
 
 freshes my Mind 'that my Pen goes to 
 work again spontaneously." 
 
 Is it not better Economy of Time, to go 
 to sleep for half an hour, than to go on 
 noodling all day in a nerveless and semi- 
 superannuated state if not asleep, cer- 
 tainly not effectively Awake -for any pur- 
 pose requiring the Energy of either the 
 Body, or the Mind. 
 
 " A Forty Winks Nap," in an horizontal 
 posture, is the best preparative for any 
 extraordinary exertion of either. 
 
 Those who possess, and employ the 
 powers of the Mind most seldom attain the 
 greatest Age*: see BRUNAUD de L'Hy- 
 giene des Gens de Lettres, Paris, 8vo. 1819 : 
 
 * " Those who have lived longest, have been persons 
 without either Avarice or Ambition, enjoying that tran- 
 quillity of Soul, which is the source of the happiness 
 and health of our early days and strangers to those 
 torments of mind which usually accompany more 
 advanced years, and by which the Body is wasted and 
 consumed." Code of Health, vol. i. p. 60 63, &c.
 
 70 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 the Envy their Talent excites, the Dis- 
 appointment they often meet with in their 
 
 " In the return made by Dr. ROBERTSON, (and 
 published by Sir JOHN SINCLAIR, in the 164th page of 
 the second volume of the Appendix to his Code of 
 Health,) from Greenwich Hospital, of 2410 In-Pen- 
 sioners, ninety-six i. e. about one-twenty-fifth are 
 beyond eighty thirteen beyond ninety and one be- 
 yond one hundred. They almost all used Tobacco 
 and most of them acknowledged the habit of Drinking 
 freely. Some of them had no teeth for twenty years 
 and fourteen only had good ones one who was one 
 hundred and thirteen years old, had lost all his Teeth 
 upwards of thirty years. 
 
 The organ of Vision was impaired in about one-half 
 that of Hearing in only one-fifth : this may be accounted 
 for the Eye is a more delicate organ than the Ear 
 and the least deterioration of its action is more imme- 
 diately observed. Of the ninety-six they almost all had 
 been married, and four of them after eighty years of 
 age only nine were Batchelors this is a strong argu- 
 ment in favour of Matrimony. 
 
 " The Best Ages for Marriage, all other circum- 
 stances being favourable, are between the eighteenth 
 and twenty-fifth year for Females, and between the 
 twenty-fifth and thirty-sixth for Males. The body is
 
 SLEEP. 71 
 
 expectations of receiving the utmost atten- 
 tion and respect, (which the world has 
 seldom the gratitude to pay them while 
 they live,) keep them in a perpetual state 
 of irritation and disquiet which frets them 
 prematurely to their Grave*. 
 
 To rest a whole Day under great fatigue 
 of either Body or Mind, is occasionally ex- 
 tremely beneficial it is impossible to re- 
 gulate Sleep by the hour; when the Mind 
 and the Body have received all the refresh- 
 ment which Sleep can give, people cannot 
 
 then in the most complete state to propagate a healthy 
 Offspring the Ages when the prolific powers begin to 
 cease in both sexes will nearly correspond and the 
 probable expectation of Life will be sufficiently long, 
 for parents to provide for their children." JAMESON 
 on the Human Body, p. 336. 
 
 * " Regular and sufficient Sleep, serves on the one 
 hand, for repairing the lost powers, and on the other, 
 for lessening consumption, by lessening vital activity. 
 Hence the lives of people who are exposed to the most 
 debilitating fatigue, are prolonged to a considerable age, 
 when they enjoy Sleep in its fullest extent." STRUVE'S 
 Asthenology, 8vo. 1801, p. 199.
 
 72 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 lie in Bed, and till then, they should not 
 Rise*. 
 
 " Preach not me your musty Rules 
 Ye Drones, that mould in idle cell; 
 
 The Heart is wiser than the Schools, 
 The Senses always reason well." 
 
 COMUS. 
 
 Our Philosophical Poet here gives the 
 best practical maxim on the subject for Vale- 
 tudinarians who, by following his advice, 
 may render their Existence, instead of a dull 
 unvaried round of joyless, useless self-denial, 
 a circle of agreeable sensation; for in- 
 stance, go not to your Bed till You are tired 
 of sitting up then remain in an Horizontal 
 posture, till You long to change it for a 
 Vertical : thus, by a little management, the 
 inevitable business of Life may be converted 
 into a source of continual Enjoyment. 
 
 * " It is a perfect barbarism to awake any one, when 
 Sleep, that " balm of hurt minds," is exerting its benign 
 influence, and the worn body is receiving its most 
 cheering restorative." Hints for the Preservation of 
 Health, 12mo.
 
 SLEEP. 73 
 
 All-healing Sleep soon neutralizes the 
 corroding caustic of Care and blunts even 
 the barbed arrows of the marble-hearted 
 Fiend, Ingratitude. 
 
 When the Pulse is almost paralysed by 
 Anxiety, half an hour's repose, will cheer 
 the circulation, restore tranquillity to the 
 perturbed spirit and dissipate those heavy 
 clouds of Ennui, which sometimes threaten to 
 eclipse the brightest Minds, and best Hearts. 
 Child of Woe, lay thy Head on thy pillow, 
 (instead of thy Mouth to the bottle,) and 
 bless me for directing Thee to the true source 
 of Lethe and most sovereign Nepenthe for 
 the Sorrows of Human Life. 
 
 The Time requisite to restore the waste 
 occasioned by the action of the Day 
 depends on the activity of the habits, and 
 on the Health of the Individual, in general 
 it cannot be less than Seven arid need not 
 be more than Nine hours*. 
 
 * In high Health seven or eight hours will complete 
 this refreshment, and hence arises the false inference 
 drawn from an observation probably just, that long- 
 E
 
 74 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 Invalids will derive much benefit from 
 indulging in the Siesta whenever they feel 
 languid. 
 
 A Sailor will tell you, that a Seaman can 
 sleep as much in five hours, as a Landsman 
 can in ten. 
 
 Whether rising very early lengthens Life 
 we know not, but think that sitting up 
 very late shortens it, and recommend you 
 to rise by eight, and retire to rest by eleven ; 
 your feelings will bear out the adage, 
 that " one Hour's rest before midnight, is 
 worth tKo after." 
 
 When OLD PEOPLE have been examined 
 with a view to ascertain the causes of their 
 
 lived persons are always early risers : not that early 
 rising makes them long-lived, but that people in the 
 highest vigour of Health are naturally early risers 
 because they sleep more soundly, and all that repose 
 can do for them, is done in less time, than with those 
 who sleep less soundly. A disposition to lie in Bed 
 beyond the usual hour, generally arises from some 
 derangement of the Digestive Organs. Hints for the 
 Preservation of Health, p. 32.
 
 SLEEP. 75 
 
 Longevity, they have uniformly agreed in 
 one thing only, that they ALL went to Bed 
 early, and rose early. 
 
 " Early to bed, and early to rise, 
 
 Will make you healthy, wealthy, and wise." 
 
 Dr. FRANKLIN published an ingenious 
 Essay on the advantage of early rising 
 He called it " an Economical Project" and 
 calculated, that the saving that might be 
 made in the City of Paris, by using Sun- 
 shine instead of Candles at no less than 
 4,000,000 Sterling. 
 
 If the Delicate, and the nervous, the very 
 Young, or the very Old sit up beyond 
 their usual hour, they feel the want of 
 artificial aid, to raise their spirits to what 
 is no more than the ordinary pitch of those 
 who are in the vigour of their Life and 
 must fly from the festive board or pur- 
 chase a few hours of hilarity at the heavy 
 price of Head-Ach and Dyspepsia for many 
 days after; and a terrible exasperation of 
 
 E2
 
 76 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 any Chronic Complaint they are afflicted 
 with. 
 
 When the Body and Mind are both 
 craving repose to force their action, by 
 the spur of spirituous stimulus, is the most 
 extravagant waste of the " Vis VITJE," that 
 Fashion ever invented to consume her foolish 
 Votaries for Fools they certainly are, who 
 mortgage the comfort of a Week, for the 
 conviviality of an Hour with the certainty 
 of their term of Life being speedily fore- 
 closed by Gout, Palsy, &c. 
 
 Among the most distressing miseries of 
 this " Elysium of Bricks and Mortar," may 
 be reckoned how rarely we enjoy " the 
 sweets of a Slumber unbroke." 
 
 Sound passes through the thin PARTY 
 WALLS of modern Houses, (which of the 
 first rate, at the FIRE PLACE, are only four 
 inches in thickness;) with most unfortunate 
 facility,; this is really an evil of the first 
 magnitude, if You are so unlucky as to 
 have for next door neighbours fashionable
 
 SLEEP. 77 
 
 folks who turn night into day, or such as 
 delight in the sublime Economy of Cinder- 
 saving, or Cobweb catching, it is in vain to 
 seek repose, before the former has indulged 
 in the Evening's recreation of raking out 
 the Fire, and has played with the Poker 
 till it has made all the red coals black ; or, 
 after Molidusta, the Tidy One, has awoke 
 the Morn with " the Broom, the bonny, 
 bonny Broom." 
 
 A determined Dusthunter, or Cindersaver, 
 murders its neighbour's sleep with as little 
 mercy, as Macbeth did Malcolm's and 
 bangs doors, and rattles Window shutters, 
 till the " Earth trembles, and Air is aghast !" 
 
 All attempts to conciliate a Savage who 
 is in this fancy will be labour in vain 
 the arrangement of its fire * is equally the 
 occupation of the morning, and the amuse- 
 ment of the evening ; the preservation of a 
 Cinder and the destruction of a Cobweb, 
 are the main business of its existence : 
 
 * The best Fire-feeder is a pair of Steak Tongs.
 
 78 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 the best advice we can give you, gentle 
 Reader is to send it this little Book 
 and beseech it to place the following 
 pages opposite to its Optic nerves some 
 morning after you have diverted it from 
 Sleep every half hour during the preceding 
 Night*. 
 
 Counsellor SCRIBBLEFAST, a Special 
 Pleader, who lived on a ground-floor in the 
 Temple about the time that Sergeant PON- 
 DER who dwelt on the first floor, retired to 
 rest, began to practise his Violoncello, " And 
 his loud voice in Thunder spoke." The Student 
 above by way of giving him a gentle hint, 
 struck up " Gently strike the tvarbling Lyre" 
 and Will. Harmony's favourite Hornpipes of 
 " Dont Ye," and Pray be Quiet:" however, 
 the dolce and pianissimo of poor PONDER 
 
 * The method taken to tame unruly Colts, &c. is to 
 walk them about the whole of the night previous to 
 attempting to break them : want of Sleep speedily 
 subdues the spirit of the wildest, and the strength of 
 the strongest creatures, and renders savage animals 
 tame and tractable.
 
 SLEEP. 79 
 
 produced no diminution of the prestissimo 
 and fortissimo of the indefatigable SCRIBBLE- 
 FAST. 
 
 PONDER, prayed " silence in the Court," 
 and complained in most pathetic terms but, 
 alas ! his " lowly suit and plaintive ditty " 
 made not the least impression on him who 
 was beneath him. He at length procured a 
 set of Skettles, and as soon as his musical 
 neighbour had done fiddling, he began con 
 strepito, and bowled away merrily till the 
 morning dawned. The enraged Musician 
 did not wait long after daylight, to put in 
 his plea against such proceedings, and re- 
 ceived in reply, that such exercise had been 
 ordered by a Physician, as the properest 
 Paregoric, after being disturbed by the tho- 
 rough Bass of the Big Fiddle below this 
 soon convinced the tormentor of Catgut, 
 who dwelt on the Ground-Floor, that He 
 could not annoy his superior with Impunity, 
 and produced silence on both sides. 
 
 People are very unwisely inconsiderate
 
 80 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 how much it is their own Interest to attend 
 to the comforts of their Neighbours, for 
 which we have a divine command " to love 
 our neighbour as ourself." " Sic utere tuo, 
 ut alienum non l&das," is the maxim of our 
 English law. Interrupting one's Sleep is as 
 prejudicial to Health, as any of the nuisances 
 Blackstone enumerates as actionable. 
 
 The majority of the Dogs, Parrots, 
 Piano- Fortes, &c. in this Metropolis, are 
 Actionable Nuisances!!! 
 
 However inferior in rank and fortune, Sec. 
 your next door neighbour may be there 
 are moments when He may reader you the 
 most valuable service. " A Lion owed his 
 life to the exertions of a Mouse." 
 
 Those who have not the power to please 
 should have the discretion not to offend ; 
 the most humble may have opportunities to 
 return a Kindness, or resent an Insult. 
 
 It is Madness to wantonly annoy any one. 
 
 There is plenty of Time for the performance 
 of all offensively noisy operations, between
 
 SLEEP. 81 
 
 10 in the Morning and 10 at Night during 
 which the industrious Housemaid may 
 indulge her Arms in their full swing 
 and while she polishes her black-leaded 
 grate to the lustre which is so lovely in the 
 eyes of " the Tidy," the TAT-TOO her brush 
 strikes up against its sides may be performed 
 without distressing the irritable ears of her 
 Nervous Neighbours to whom undisturbed 
 Repose is the most Vital Nourishment. 
 
 Little Sweep Soot Ho is another dreadful 
 disturber. The shrill screaming of these 
 poor boys, " making night hideous," (indeed 
 at any time) at five or six o'clock in cold 
 dark weather, is a most barbarous custom, 
 and frequently disturbs a whole street before 
 they rouse the drowsy sluggard who sent for 
 him his Row dy Dow when he reaches the 
 top of the Chimney, and his progress down 
 again, awaken the soundest sleepers, who 
 often wish, that, instead of the Chimney, 
 he was smiting the skull of the Barbarian 
 who set the poor Child to work at such an 
 unseasonable hour. 
 
 E5
 
 82 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 The Editor's feelings are tremblingly alive 
 on this subject. 
 
 " Finis coronal opus." 
 
 However soundly he has slept during the 
 early part of the night if the finishing Nap 
 in the morning is interrupted from continuing 
 to its natural termination his whole System 
 is shook by it, and all that sleep has before 
 done for him, is undone in an instant; he 
 gets up distracted and languid, and the only 
 part of his head that is of any use to him, 
 is the hole between his Nose and Chin. 
 
 The firm Health of those who live in the 
 Country, arises not merely from breathing a 
 purer Air, but from quiet and regular 
 habits, especially the enjoyment of plenty of 
 undisturbed Repose, this enables them to 
 take Exercise, which gives them an Appetite, 
 and by taking their food at less distant and 
 more equally divided intervals they receive 
 a more regular supply of that salutary nou- 
 rishment, which is necessary to restore the 
 wear of the system, and support it in an 
 uniform state of excitement, equally exempt
 
 SLEtlP. 83 
 
 from the languor of inanition, and the fever 
 of repletion. 
 
 Thus, the Animal Functions are performed 
 with a perfection and regularity, the tran- 
 quillity of which, in the incessantly irregular 
 habits of a Town-life, is continually inter- 
 rupted, some ridiculous Anxiety or other 
 consumes the Animal Spirits, and the im- 
 portant process of Restoration is imperfectly 
 performed. 
 
 Dyspeptic and Nervous disorders, and an 
 inferior degree of both extensive and in- 
 tensive Life * are the inevitable consequence, 
 and are the lowest price for (what are called) 
 the Pleasures of Fashionable Society. 
 
 Dr. Cadogan has told us (very truly) that 
 Chronic diseases, (and we may add, most of 
 those equivocal Disorders, which are con- 
 
 * In Vienna, Berlin, Paris, and London, the twentieth 
 or twenty-third person dies annually; while, in the 
 Country around them, the proportion is only one in 
 thirty or forty ; in remote country villages, from one in 
 forty to one in fifty the smallest degree of human 
 mortality on record is one in sixty.
 
 84 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 tinually teasing people, but are too insigni- 
 ficant to induce them to institute a medical 
 process to remove them,) are caused by In- 
 dolence Intemperance and Vexation. 
 
 It is the fashion to refer all these Disorders 
 to Debility but Debility is no more than 
 the effect of Indolence, Intemperance, and 
 Vexation the two first are under our own 
 immediate control and Temperance, In- 
 dustry, and Activity, are the best remedies 
 to prevent, or remove the Debility which 
 reduces our means of resisting the third. 
 
 During the Summer of Life*, z. e. the second 
 period of it, (see page 34,) while we hope that 
 every thing may come right, the Heart 
 bounds with vigour, and the Vital flame burns 
 
 * " When warm with Hope, in Life's aspiring morn, 
 The Tints of Fancy every scene adorn, 
 The glowing landscape charms the poet's view, 
 And Youth believes the fairy prospect true. 
 But soon, Experience proves his Eye betray'd, 
 And all the picture darkens into shade." 
 
 FITZGERALD. 
 
 Beautifully Set to Music by SHIELD, 
 and printed in his Cento,
 
 SLEEP. 85 
 
 too brightly to be much, or long subdued by 
 vexation. 
 
 This originally least cause, soon be- 
 comes the greatest, and in the Autumn of 
 our existence, when Experience has dissi- 
 pated the theatric illusion with which Hope 
 varnished the expectations of our earlier days, 
 we begin to fear that every thing will go 
 
 wrong. 
 
 " The whips and scorns of Time, 
 The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, 
 The pangs of despis'd Love, the Law's delay, 
 The insolence of office, and the spurns 
 That patient merit of the unworthy takes." 
 
 The insatiable ruling passions of the second 
 and third periods of Life, Ambition and 
 Avarice, the loss of our first and best 
 friends, our Parents, regret for the past, 
 and anxiety about the future, prevent the 
 enjoyment of the present, and are the 
 cause of those Nervous and Bilious Disorders, 
 which attack most of us at the commence- 
 ment of the third period of Life these 
 precursors of Palsy and Gout, may generally
 
 86 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 be traced to Disappointments and Anxiety of 
 mind*; and 
 
 People need not groan about the Insanities 
 and Absurdities of others it is surely quite 
 
 * " Above all, it is of essential importance to 
 Health, to preserve the tranquillity of the mind, and 
 not to sink under the disappointments of life, to which 
 nil, but particularly the old, are frequently exposed. 
 Nothing ought to disturb the mind of an individual who 
 is conscious of having done all the good in his power." 
 SINCLAIR'S Code of Health, p. 459. 
 
 " Nothing hurts more the nervous System, and par- 
 ticularly the concoctive powers, than fear, grief, or 
 anxiety." WHYTT on Nerves, p. 349. 
 
 " I shall add to my list, as the eighth deadly sin, that 
 of ANXIETY OF MIND ; and resolve not to be pining and 
 miserable, when I ought to be grateful and happy." 
 Sir THOMAS BARNARD, Bt. on the Comforts of Old 
 Age, p. 135. 
 
 " Anguish of mind has driven thousands to suicide ; 
 anguish of body, none. 
 
 " This proves that the health of the Mind, is of far 
 more consequence to our happiness than the health of 
 the Body ; both are deserving of much more attention 
 than either of them receive." COULTON'S Lacon. 1820, 
 p. 240.
 
 SLEEP. 87 
 
 sufficient to suffer for our own, of which most 
 of us have plenty we ought to endeavour 
 to convert those of others, into causes of 
 comfort and consolation, instead of fretting 
 about them if you receive rudeness in re- 
 turn for civility and ingratitude for kind- 
 ness, it may move your Pity but should 
 never excite your Anger instead of mur- 
 muring at Heaven for having created such 
 Crazy Creatures ! be fervently thankful that 
 you are not equally inconsistent and ridi- 
 culous and Pray, that your own Mind, 
 may not be afflicted with the like aberrations. 
 
 Indigestion*, is the chief cause of perturbed 
 Sleep, and often excites the imaginary pre- 
 sence of that troublesome Bedfellow the 
 Nightmare. On this subject see Peptic Pre- 
 cepts (Index.) 
 
 Some cannot Sleep if they eat any Supper 
 and certainly the lighter this meal is, 
 the better Others, need not put on their 
 
 * " Sleep is sound sweet and refreshing, ac- 
 cording as the alimentary organs are easy, quiet, and 
 clean." CHEYNE on Long Life, p. 79.
 
 88 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 Night cap, if they do not first bribe their 
 Stomachs to good behaviour by a certain 
 quantity of Bread and Cheese and Beer, &c. 
 &c., and go to Bed almost immediately after. 
 
 As to the wholesomeness of a Solid Supper, 
 per se, we do not think it advisable, but 
 habit may have made it indispensable, and 
 we know it is often the most comfortable 
 Meal among the middle ranks of Society, 
 who have as large a share of Health as any. 
 
 We caution Bad sleepers to beware how 
 they indulge in the habit of exciting sleep, 
 by taking any of the preparations of Opium 
 they are all injurious to the Stomach 
 and often inconvenient in their effects upon 
 the Bowels : 
 
 " REPOSE by small fatigue is earned, and 
 Weariness can snore upon the flint, when 
 nesty Sloth, finds a down pillow hard." 
 
 As there can be no good Digestion without 
 diligent Mastication, so there can be no 
 sound Sleep, without sufficient Exercise. 
 
 The 'most inoffensive and agreeable Anodyne 
 is to drink some good White Wine, or Mulled
 
 SLEEP. 89 
 
 Wine, by way of a supplement to your Night 
 cap. One glass, taken when in Bed, imme- 
 diately before lying down, is as effective as 
 two or three if you sit up any time after. 
 (See Tewahdiddle, No. 467.) 
 
 Many people, if awoke during their first 
 sleep, are unsettled all that night and un- 
 comfortable and nervous the following day. 
 The first sleep of those who eat Suppers, 
 commonly terminates when the food passes 
 from the Stomach. Invalids then awake, 
 and sometimes remain so, in a Feverish 
 state, the Stomach feeling discontented 
 from being unoccupied, and having nothing 
 to play with : a small crust of Bread, or 
 a bit of Biscuit well chewed, accompanied 
 or not, as Experience and Instinct will 
 suggest, with a few mouthsful of Mutton or 
 Beef Broth (No. 564), or Toast and Water 
 (No. 463*), or single Grog*, (i.e. one 
 Brandy to nine Waters), will often restore 
 
 * " The Grog on board a ship is generally one Spirit 
 and three waters this is too strong." See the Hon. 
 JOHN COCHRANE'S Seaman's Guide, 8vo. 1797, p. 37-
 
 90 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 its tranquillity, and catch Sleep again, which 
 nothing invites so irresistibly, as introducing 
 something to the Stomach, that will en- 
 tertain it, without fatiguing it. 
 
 We have heard persons say they have been 
 much distressed by an intemperate craving 
 for Food when they awoke out of their first 
 sleep, and have not got to sleep soundly 
 again after and risen in the morning as 
 tired as when they went to bed at night 
 but without any appetite for Breakfast 
 such will derive great benefit from the fore- 
 going Advice. 
 
 A Broth (No. 564), or Gruel (No. 572) 
 Supper, is perhaps the best for the Dyspeptic, 
 and those who have eaten and drank plen- 
 tifully at Dinner. 
 
 THE BED ROOM should be in the quietest 
 situation possible, as it were " the Temple of 
 Silence," and, if possible, not less than 16 
 feet square the height of this Apartment, in 
 which we pass almost half of our Time, is in 
 modern houses absurdly abridged, to increase 
 that of the Drawing Room, which is often
 
 SLEEP. 91 
 
 not occupied once in a month : instead of 
 living in the pleasant part of the House, 
 where they might enjoy Light and Air, how 
 often we find people squeezing themselves 
 into " a nice snug Parlour," where Apollo 
 cannot spy. 
 
 We do not recommend either Curtains or 
 Tester, &c. to the BED, especially during the 
 Summer ; by the help of these, those who 
 might have the benefit of the free circulation 
 of air in a large Room, very ingeniously 
 contrive to reduce it to a small Closet : 
 Chimney-Boards and Window-Curtains are 
 also inadmissible in a Bed Room ; but Vale- 
 tudinarians who are easily awoke, or very 
 susceptible of Cold, will do wisely to avail 
 themselves of well made Double* Windows 
 and Doors, these exclude both Noise and 
 Cold in a very considerable degree. 
 
 The best Bed is a well stuffed and well 
 curled Horsehair Mattress, six inches thick at 
 
 * If they are not extremely well made, by a superior 
 workman and of seasoned Wood, they are oflittle 
 or no use.
 
 92 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 the Head, gradually diminishing to three at 
 Feet, on this another Mattress five or six 
 inches in thickness : these should be unpicked 
 and exposed to the air, once every Year. An 
 elastic Horsehair mattress, is incomparably 
 the most pleasant, as well as the most whole- 
 some Bed. 
 
 Bed Rooms should be thoroughly ventilated 
 by leaving both the Window and the Door 
 open every day when the weather is not cold 
 or damp during which the Bed should 
 remain unmade, and the Clothes be taken 
 off and spread out for an hour, at least, before 
 the Bed is made again. 
 
 In very Hot Weather, the temperature be- 
 comes considerably cooler every minute 
 after ten o'clock between eight o'clock 
 and twelve, the Thermometer often falls in 
 Sultry weather from ten to twenty degrees 
 and those who can sit up till twelve o'clock, 
 will have the advantage of sleeping in an 
 Atmosphere many degrees cooler, than those 
 who go to bed at ten: this is extremely 
 important to Nervous Invalids who how-
 
 SLEEP. 93 
 
 ever extremely they may suffer from heat, 
 we cannot advise to sleep with the smallest 
 part of the window open during the night 
 in such sultry days, the Siesta (see page 94,) 
 will not only be a great support against the 
 heat, but will help You to sit up to enjoy the 
 advantage above stated. 
 
 A Fire in the Red Boom, is sometimes 
 indispensable but not as usually made- 
 it is commonly lighted only just before bed- 
 time, and prevents Sleep by the noise it 
 makes, and the unaccustomed stimulus of 
 its light. 
 
 Chimneys frequently smoke when a fire is 
 first lighted, particularly in snowy and frosty 
 weather; and an Invalid has to encounter 
 not only the damp and cold of the Room 
 but has his Lungs irritated with the sul- 
 phureous puffs from the fresh lighted Fire. 
 
 A Fire should be lighted about three or 
 four hours before, and so managed that it 
 may burn entirely out half an hour before 
 you go to Bed then the air of the room 
 will be comfortably warmed and certainly
 
 94 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 more fit to receive an Invalid who has been 
 sitting all day in a parlour as hot as an Oven, 
 than a damp chamber, that is as cold as 
 a Well. 
 
 THE SIESTA. 
 
 THE Power of Position and Temperature to 
 alleviate the Paroxysms of many Chronic 
 Disorders, has not received the consideration 
 it deserves a little attention to the varia- 
 tions of the Pulse, will soon point out the 
 effect they produce on the Circulation, &c. 
 extremes of Heat and Cold, with respect to 
 Food, Drink, and Air, are equally to be 
 guarded against. 
 
 Old and Cold Stomachs The Gouty 
 and those whose Digestive Faculties are 
 Feeble should never have any thing Cold*, 
 
 * " Cold Drink is an enemy to Concoction, and the 
 parent of Crudities." Essay on Warm Beer, 8vo. 
 p. 15.
 
 THE SIESTA. 95 
 
 or Old, put into them especially in Cold 
 Weather. 
 
 Food must take the temperature of our 
 Stomach, (which is probably not less than 
 120,) before Digestion can commence. 
 
 When the Stomach is feeble, Cold Food 
 frequently produces Flatulence Palpita- 
 tion of the Heart, &c. and all the other 
 troublesome accompaniments of Indigestion. 
 The immediate remedy for these is Hot 
 Brandy and Water, and the horizontal 
 Posture. 
 
 Dyspeptic Invalids will find 75 a good 
 temperature for their drink at Dinner, and 
 120 for Tea, &c. 
 
 Persons who are in a state of Debility 
 from Age, or other causes, will derive 
 much benefit from laying down, and seeking 
 Repose whenever they feel fatigued, espe- 
 cially during (the first half-hour at least of) 
 the business of Digestion and will receive 
 almost as much refreshment from half an 
 hour's Sleep as from Haifa Pint of Wine.
 
 96 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 The Restorative mfluence of the recum- 
 bent Posture, cannot be conceived the in- 
 creased energy it gives to the circulation, 
 and to the organs of Digestion, can only be 
 understood by those Invalids who have ex- 
 perienced the comforts of it. 
 
 The Siesta is not only advisable, but indis- 
 pensable to those whose occupations oblige 
 them to keep late hours. 
 
 ACTORS especially, whose profession is, of 
 all others, the most fatiguing and requires 
 both the Mind and the Body to be in the 
 most intense exertion between 10 and 12 
 o'clock at Night, should avail themselves 
 of the Siesta which is the true source of 
 Energy half an hour's repose in the hori- 
 zontal posture, is a most beneficial Resto- 
 rative. 
 
 Good Beef Tea*, (No. 563), with a little 
 
 * To make BEEF TEA. Cut a pound of lean gravy 
 Meat into thin slices, put it into a quart and half a 
 pint of cold water, set it over a gentle fire where it will 
 become gradually warm when the scum rises catch
 
 THE SIESTA. 97 
 
 bit of slightly toasted Bread taken about 
 nine o'clock is a comforting restorative, 
 which will support You through exertions 
 that, without such assistance, are exhausting 
 and you go to bed fatigued get up 
 fevered, &,c. 
 
 When Performers feel Nervous, fyc. and 
 fear the circulation is below Par, and too 
 languid to afford the due excitement, half an 
 hour before they sing, &,c. they will do 
 wisely, to wind up their System, with a 
 little " Bahamum Vita." See " PEPTIC 
 
 it, cover the saucepan close, and let it continue boiling 
 for about two hours. skim the fat off, strain it through 
 a sieve or napkin, skim it again let it stand ten 
 minutes to settle, and then pour off the clear Tea. 
 
 To make half a pint of Beef Tea in five minutes for 
 three halfpence, see (No. 252), and to make good 
 Mutton Broth for nothing, (No. 490), of the third 
 Edition of the " COOK'S ORACLE." 
 
 N. B. An Onion, and a few grains of Black Pepper, 
 are sometimes added. If the meat is boiled till it is 
 thoroughly tender, mince it, and pound it as directed 
 in (No. 503) OF THE COOK'S ORACLE, and you may have 
 a dish of Potted Beef for the trouble of making it. 
 F
 
 98 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 PRECEPTS." Or tune their throats to the 
 pitch of healthy vibration with a small glass 
 of JOHNSON'S* " Witte Curacoa" see (No. 
 474) and Index, a glass of Wine, or other 
 stimulus. 
 
 To " Wet your Whistle," is occasionally, 
 as absolutely necessary, as " to rosin the 
 Bow of a Violin." See " Observations on 
 Vocal Music," prefixed to the Opera of 
 Ivanhoe. 
 
 ACTORS and SINGERS are continually 
 assailed by a variety of circumstances ex- 
 tremely unfavourable to Health especially 
 from sitting up late at night to counteract 
 which, we recommend the Siesta, and plenty 
 of Exercise in a pure Air. 
 
 When they feel Nervous Bilious, c. i. e. 
 that their whole System is so deranged by 
 fatigue and anxiety, that they cannot pro- 
 ceed effectively and comfortably, they must 
 give their Throats two or three days' rest 
 
 * Brandy and Liqueur Merchant, No. 2, Colonnade, 
 Pall Mall.
 
 THE SIESTA. 99 
 
 cleanse the Alimentary Canal with Peri- 
 staltic Persuaders see Index and corrobo- 
 rate the Organs of Digestion with the Tonic 
 Tincture (No. 569), see Index. 
 
 Strong PEPPERMINT LOZENGES, made 
 by SMITH, Fell Street, Wood Street, Cheap- 
 side, are very convenient portable Carmina- 
 tives : as soon as they are dissolved, their 
 influence is felt from the beginning to the 
 end of the Alimentary Canal they dissipate 
 Flatulence so immediately, that they well 
 deserve the name of Vegetable Ether; and 
 are recommended to SINGERS and PUBLIC 
 SPEAKERS as giving effective excitement 
 to the Organs of Voice as a support against 
 the distressing effects of Fasting too long 
 and to give energy to the Stomach between 
 Meals. 
 
 THE POWER OF THE VOICE depends 
 upon the vigorous state of the circulation 
 supplying the Organs of Voice, with 
 energy to execute the intentions of the 
 Singer or Speaker without which the 
 
 F2
 
 TOO THE ART OF INVIGORATING LlfrE. 
 
 most accurate Ear and experienced Throat, 
 Will sometimes fail in producing the exact 
 quality and quantity of Tone they intend. 
 
 That the VOICE is sometimes too Flat, or 
 too Sharp, fyc. is not a matter of astonish- 
 ment to those who really understand how 
 arduous a task Singers have sometimes to 
 perform ; it would only be wonderful if it 
 was not how is the Throat exempted from 
 those collapses which occasionally render 
 imperfect the action of every other fibre and 
 function of our Body ? 
 
 The Dyspeptic, who Tries the effect of 
 Recumbency after Eating, will soon be 
 convinced that Tristram Shandy was right 
 enough, when he said, that " both pain, and 
 pleasure, are best supported in an horizontal 
 posture." 
 
 " If after Dinner the Poppies of reple- 
 tion shed their influence on thy Eyelids 
 indulge thou kind Nature's hint." " A 
 quiet slumber in a comfortable warm room, 
 fevoureth the operation of Digestion and
 
 THE SIESTA. 101 
 
 thou shalt rise, refreshed, and ready for the 
 amusements of the Evening." 
 
 The Semi- Siesta is a pleasant position 
 (z. e. putting up the feet on a stool about 
 eight inches high;) but catching a nap in 
 a Chair is advisable only as a substitute 
 when the Horizontal posture is not conve- 
 nient when you can, lie down on a Sofa 
 loosen all ligatures and give your Bowels 
 fair play. 
 
 These opinions, which are the results of 
 Personal experience are exactly in unison 
 with those of the following Medical Pro- 
 fessors. 
 
 " From Eating comes Sleep from Sleep 
 Digestion." SANCTOKIUS, Sec. iv. Aph. 59. 
 
 " Perhaps one of the uses of Sleep, and 
 of the horizontal posture during that period 
 may be to facilitate the introduction of 
 Chyle into the Blood." CKUICKSHANK on 
 the Absorbents, p. 95. 
 
 " The Brute Creation invariably lay down 
 and enjoy a state of rest, the moment their
 
 102 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 stomachs are filled. People who are feeble, 
 digest their Dinner best, if they lie down 
 and sleep as most Animals do, when their 
 stomachs are full." DARWIN'S Zoonomia, 
 vol. iv. p. 137. 
 
 " Dr. HARWOOD, Professor of Anatomy 
 at Cambridge, took two pointers who were 
 equally hungry, and fed them equally well, 
 one he suffered to follow the promptings of 
 Instinct curled himself round till he was 
 comfortable and went to sleep, as animals 
 generally do after eating the other was 
 kept for about two hours in constant exer- 
 cise. On his return home the two Dogs 
 
 O 
 
 were killed. In the Stomach of the one 
 who had been quiet and asleep, all the food 
 was digested ; in the Stomach of the other, 
 that process was hardly begun." 
 
 " Quiet of Body and Mind for two hours 
 after Dinner, is certainly useful to the Stu- 
 dious, the Delicate, and the Invalid." 
 ADAIR on Diet, p. 44. 
 
 " After Dinner, rest for three hours."
 
 CLOTHES. 103 
 
 ABERNETHY'S Surgical Obs. 8vo. 1817, 
 p. 93. 
 
 " After Dinner sit a while." Eng. Prov. 
 
 " If you have a strong propensity to 
 Sleep after Dinner indulge it, the process 
 of Digestion goes on much better during 
 Sleep, and I have always found an irresist- 
 ible propensity to it whenever Dyspeptic 
 symptoms were considerable." WALLER 
 on Incubus, 1816, p. 109. 
 
 " Aged Men and weake bodies, a short 
 Sleepe after Dinner doth help to nourish." 
 LORD BACON'S Nat. Hist. Cent. I. 57. 
 
 CLOTHES. 
 
 OF all the Customs of Clothing, the most 
 extremely absurd is the usual arrangement 
 of Bed Clothes, which in order as the 
 chambermaid fancies to make the Bed look
 
 104 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 pretty in the Day time are left long at the 
 head, that they may cover the Pillows; 
 when they are turned down, You have an 
 intolerable load on your Lungs, and that 
 part of the Body which is most exposed 
 during the day is smothered at night 
 with double the quantity of Clothes that 
 any other part has. 
 
 Sleep is prevented by an unpleasant degree 
 of either Heat or Cold ; and in this ever- 
 varying climate, where often " in one mon- 
 strous day all seasons mix," delicate Ther- 
 mometrical persons will derive much com- 
 fort from keeping a Counterpane in reserve 
 for an additional covering in very Cold 
 Weather: when some extra clothing is as 
 needful by Night, as a great coat is by 
 Day. 
 
 A Gentleman who has a mind to carry 
 the adjustment of his Clothes to a nicety 
 may have the shelves of his Wardrobe num- 
 bered 30, 40, 50, 60, &c. and according to 
 the degree of Cold pointed to by his Fahren-
 
 CLOTHES. 105 
 
 heit*, he may wear a corresponding defence 
 against it: This mode of adjusting Dress 
 according to the vicissitudes of the wea- 
 ther, &c. is as rational as the ordinary 
 practice of regulating it by the Almanack, 
 or the Fashion, which in this uncertain 
 Climate and capricious Age will as often 
 lead us wrong, as fight. 
 
 Leave off your Winter Clothes late in the 
 Spring ; put them on early in the Autumn. 
 By wearing your Winter Clothes during the 
 first half dozen warm days You get some 
 fine perspirations which are highly salutary 
 in removing obstructions in the cutaneous 
 pores, &c. 
 
 Delicate and Dyspeptic persons are often 
 distressed by changing their Dress, which 
 
 * Thermometers intended to give the temperature of 
 Rooms, should be so placed as to be equally removed 
 from the radiant heat of the Fire and from currents of 
 Air from the Door. 
 
 Out of Doors they should be in a northern situation, 
 sheltered from Sunshine, or reflected Heat, &c. 
 F5
 
 106 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 must be as- uniform as possible, in thick- 
 ness in quality and in form, espe- 
 cially (Flannel, or indeed) whatever is worn 
 next to the Skin. 
 
 The change of a thick Waistcoat for a thin 
 one or along one for a shorter one not 
 putting on Winter garments soon enough, 
 or leaving them off too soon, will often 
 excite a violent disorder in the Lungs 
 or Bowels, &c. and exasperate any consti- 
 tutional complaint. 
 
 Those who wear Flannel Waistcoats, are 
 recommended to have their new ones about 
 the middle of November, with sleeves to 
 them coming down to the wrist the shorten- 
 ing these sleeves in the warm weather, 
 is as effective an antidote against extreme 
 Heat as lengthening them, and closing 
 the Cuff of the Coat, is against intense Cold. 
 
 Our COAT* should be made so large 
 
 * The following Observations on Clothing, are copied 
 from the life of John Stewart, the Traveller, printed for 
 Egerton, 1813, p. 9. " I clothed myself at all times
 
 CLOTHES. 107 
 
 that when buttoned we may be as easy as 
 when it is unbuttoned, so that without 
 any unpleasant increase of pressure on the 
 Chest, &c. we can wear it closely buttoned 
 up to the Chin the power of doing this is 
 a convenient provision against the sudden 
 alternations from heat to cold buttoning 
 up this outer garment, will protect the 
 delicate from many mischiefs which so often 
 arise in this inconstant climate from the 
 want of such a defence ; and the additional 
 warmth it produces will often cure slight 
 Colds, &c. 
 
 Another way of accumulating Caloric, is 
 to have two sets of button holes to the 
 
 very warm, and by buttoning and unbuttoning I could 
 accommodate to the sudden change of climate and season, 
 and preserved thereby that equilibre of the secretions 
 and excrements on which Health and Life depends ; 
 for clothing forms a factitious heat, as a substitute to 
 the muscular heat, declining with age or sickness ; on 
 which action of heat vitality and all the other functions 
 of vital organism depend."
 
 108 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 CUFF of the Coat, (especially of your Great 
 Coat,) one of which will bring it quite close 
 round the wrist. 
 
 When the Circulation is languid, and your 
 Feet are Cold wear worsted Stockings, have 
 your Shoes well warmed and when you 
 take them from the Fire put your Slippers* 
 to it that they may be warm and com- 
 fortable for you on your return home. 
 
 Ir\ Wet Weather wear Shoes with double 
 upper-leathers -two thin leathers will keep 
 you much drier than one thick one, and are 
 more pliable the Currier's Dubbing is the 
 best nourisher of Leather and renders it 
 as soft as satin, and impervious to Water. 
 
 The mean temperature of England is about 
 50 degrees of Fahrenheit it sometimes 
 rises 25 degrees above this, in the height of 
 Summer, falls about as much below, in 
 
 * THE BEST SLIPPERS are a pair of old shoes the 
 worst, those of plaited cloth which make the feet 
 tender and are a. hotter covering for them in the House 
 than you give them when you go out.
 
 CLOTHES. 109 
 
 the depth of Winter and in Summer fre- 
 quently varies from 20 to 30 degrees between 
 Mid-day and Midnight. 
 
 The restoration, and the preservation of 
 the Health, especially of those who have 
 passed their FORTIETH Year, depends upon 
 minute and unremitting attentions to Food, 
 Clothes, Exercise, &c. which taken singly 
 may appear trifling but combined, are of 
 infinite importance. 
 
 " If you are careful of it, Glass will last 
 as long as Iron." By a regular observance 
 of a few salutary precepts, a delicate Con- 
 stitution will last as long, and afford its 
 Proprietor as many Amusements, as a Strong- 
 Body, whose Mind takes but little care 
 of it. 
 
 Invalids are advised to put on a Great 
 Coat when they go out, and the temperature 
 of the external air is not higher than 40. 
 Some susceptible Constitutions require this 
 additional clothing when the Thermometer 
 falls below 50 ; especially at the commence- 
 ment of the Cold weather.
 
 110 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 A GREAT COAT must be kept in a Room 
 where there is a Fire, if it has been hung 
 up in a cold damp Hall, as it often is, it will 
 contribute about as much to your Calorifica- 
 tion, as if You wrapped a Wet Blanket 
 about You. 
 
 Clothes should be warm enough to defend 
 us from Cold*, and largef enough to let 
 every movement be made with as much 
 
 * " Only Fools and Beggars suffer from Cold, the lat- 
 ter not being able to procure sufficient clothes, the for- 
 mer not having the sense to wear them." BOERHAAVE. 
 
 f Narrow sleeves are a very great check on the 
 muscular exercise of the Arms the Waistcoat, in its 
 present fashionable form, may be very properly termed 
 a strait one. The Waistcoat should be long enough to 
 cover the breeches two or three inches all round. The 
 wrists and knees, but more particularly the latter, are 
 braced with ligatures, or tight buttoning ; and the Legs, 
 which require the utmost freedom of motion, are secured 
 into leathern cases or Boots though the wearer per- 
 haps is never mounted on Horseback. 
 
 To complete the whole, as the Head is confined by a 
 tight Hat, but rarely suited to its natural shape, so in 
 regard to shoes the shape of the foot and the easy ex- 
 pansion of the Toes are never consulted but the shape
 
 CLOTHES. Ill 
 
 ease when they are on, as when they 
 are off. 
 
 Those whose employments are sedentary, 
 especially hard Students who often 
 neglect taking sufficient Exercise*, suffer 
 extremely from the pressure of tight IVaist- 
 bands Garters, 8$c. which are the cause 
 of many of the mischiefs that arise from 
 long sitting during which they should be 
 loosened. 
 
 Braces have been generally considered a 
 
 regulated by the fashion of the Day, however tight and 
 uncomfortable." SINCLAIR'S Code of Health, 4th 
 Edit. p. 357. 
 
 * " Those who do not take a sufficient quantity of 
 EXERCISE soon suffer from a number of Disorders, 
 want of Appetite want of Sleep flatulence, &c. &c. 
 Obstruction relaxation of the Bowels and all the 
 diversified symptoms of Nervous Complaints. Men of 
 Letters suffer much, and from neglecting to take Exer- 
 cise, are often the most unhealthy of human beings 
 even that Temperance by which many of them are dis- 
 tinguished, is no effectual remedy against the mischiefs 
 of a sedentary life, which can only be counteracted by 
 a proper quantity of Exercise and Air."
 
 112 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 great improvement in modern dress because 
 they render the pressure of the Waistband 
 unnecessary, which when extremely close is 
 certainly prejudicial -but we have always 
 thought they have produced more inconve- 
 nience than they have removed for if the 
 inferior Viscera get thereby more freedom of 
 action the superior suffer for it and, 
 moreover, Ruptures are much more frequent 
 the Girdle which formerly prevented them 
 being removed, and, instead of that useful 
 and partial horizontal pressure, in spite of 
 the elastic springs which have been attached 
 to the Braces, the whole body is grievously 
 oppressed by the Vertical Bands. 
 
 The best material for Breeches, is the 
 elastic worsted stocking stuff. 
 
 Tight Stays and Braces obstruct the 
 circulation of the Blood, &c. are the cause of 
 many Chronic Complaints, and often create 
 Organic Diseases*. 
 
 * Stays and stiff Jackets are most pernicious ; they 
 disfigure the beautiful and upright shape of a Woman, 
 and injure the Breast and Bowels; obstruct the breat!>
 
 FIRE. 113 
 
 FIRE. 
 
 As we advance in Age the force of the 
 circulation being lessened, the warmth of 
 our Clothes and our coverings at night 
 should be gradually increased. " After the 
 age of 35, it may be better to exceed, rather 
 than be deficient in clothing." AD AIR'S 
 Cautions, p. 390. 
 
 Cold often kills the infirm and the aged, 
 and is the proximate cause of most Palsies ; 
 it is extremely desirable that Bed and 
 Sitting Rooms for Winter occupation, should 
 have a Southern aspect when the Thermo- 
 meter is below 30, the proper place for 
 
 ing and digestion ; hurt the breast and nipples so much 
 that many Mothers have been prevented by their use 
 from suckling their Children ; many hence get Cancers, 
 and at last lose both Health and Life for they render 
 the delivery of Women very difficult and dangerous 
 both to Mother and Child." From DR. FAUST'S 
 (Catechism of Health, 12mo. p. 39. Edinburgh, 1797.
 
 114 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 people beyond 60, is their own Fire-side : 
 many of the disorders and Deaths of persons 
 at this period of Life originate from irre- 
 gularity in Diet, Temperature, &c. by Dining 
 out, and frisking about, joining in Christmas 
 Gambols, &c. in Cold weather. 
 
 The Art of making a room comfortably 
 warm, does not consist merely in making 
 a very large Fire in it but depends as 
 much on the keeping of cold air out this 
 is best done by Double Windows, see page 
 91, and double Doors, at least take care 
 that your Sashes fit close, that the beads 
 of the window frames are tight stop the 
 aperture between the skirting boards and 
 the floor with putty and list the Doors. 
 
 We suppose it almost needless to say that 
 every room in the house should be thoroughly 
 ventilated* by a current of fresh Air at 
 
 * " Stagnant air becomes corrupted in the same 
 manner as stagnant water, opening windows and 
 making currents of air, are the best means of purifying 
 it." STRUVE'S Asthenology, p. 348.
 
 FIRE. 115 
 
 least once every day, when the weather is 
 not very damp or cold. By making a Fire 
 accordingly this may be done almost every 
 Day in the Year. 
 
 If You leave the Door open for Five 
 minutes it will let in more cold air than 
 your Fire can make warm in Fifteen there- 
 fore, initiate your Domestics in these first 
 principles of the Economy of Caloric, and 
 when the Weather is cold, caution them 
 to keep Doors shut. 
 
 A regular Temperature may be preserved 
 by a simple contrivance attached to a Ther- 
 mometer, which will open an aperture to 
 admit the external air when the apartment 
 is heated above the degree desired (i. e. 
 about 60 for common constitutions,) and 
 exclude it when it falls below it. 
 
 A Room, which is in constant occupa- 
 tion all day may be occasionally pumped 
 by moving the door backward and forward 
 for several minutes. 
 
 We do not advise Invalids to indulge
 
 116 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 themselves in heating their rooms to a higher 
 temperature* than from 60 to 65. Those 
 who have resided the best part of their Life 
 in warm climates will like the latter best. 
 While we recommend the Aged and Infirm 
 to be kept comfortably warm they must 
 at the same time cautiously avoid excess of 
 heat. 
 
 When the Thermometer tells them that 
 the external air is under 60, whether it be 
 in July, or in January, those who are sus- 
 ceptible of Cold, must tell their Servants to 
 keep a small fire especially if the Weather 
 be at the same time damp. 
 
 * " The natural heat of the Human Body is 98 of 
 Fahrenheit's Thermometer any temperature applied to 
 it lower than 98, gives a sensation of Cold, but if the 
 temperature applied is not below 62, the sensation of 
 cold will not contiiiue long, but be soon changed to a 
 sensation of heat, and in this climate, Air, &c. applied 
 to the living man, does not diminish the temperature of 
 his Body, unless the temperature of it be below 62; if 
 it is above that, it increases it." CBLLEN'S First 
 Lines, vol. i. p. 130.
 
 117 
 
 Those who, from caprice, or parsimony, 
 instead of obeying this comfortable and sa- 
 lutary precept, sit shivering and murmuring, 
 and refuse to employ the Coal-merchant, as 
 a substitute for the Sun may soon spend 
 in Physic, more than they have saved in 
 Fuel. 
 
 By raising the temperature of my Room 
 to about 65, taking a full dose of Epsom 
 Salts, and a Broth Diet, and retiring to rest 
 an hour sooner than usual, I have often very 
 speedily got rid of Colds, &c. 
 
 The following Plan of Lighting and ma- 
 naging a Fire, has been attended with great 
 comfort and convenience to myself, (parti- 
 cularly at the beginning and the end of 
 winter, when a very small fire is sufficient), 
 and I think considerable saving of coals. 
 
 Fill your Grate with fresh coals quite up 
 to the upper bar but one, then lay in your 
 faggot of wood in the usual manner, rather 
 collected in a mass, than scattered, that a 
 body of concentrated heat may be produced
 
 118 THE AKT OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 as soon as possible ; over the faggot place 
 the cinders of the preceding day piled up 
 as high as the grate will admit, and placed 
 loosely in rather large fragments in order 
 that the draft may be free a bit or two of 
 fresh coal may be added to the cinders when 
 once they are lighted, but no small coal must 
 be thrown on at first, for the reason above 
 stated : when all is prepared, light the wood, 
 when the cinders becoming in a short time 
 thoroughly ignited the gas rising from the 
 coals below, which will now be effected by 
 the heat, will take fire as it passes through 
 them, leaving a very small portion of smoke 
 to go up the Chimney. 
 
 The advantage of this mode of lighting a 
 fire is, that small coal is better suited to the 
 purpose than large except a few pieces in 
 front to keep the small from falling out of 
 the Grate it may be kept in reserve, to be 
 put on afterwards if wanted. I have fre- 
 quently known my fire lighted at 8 o'clock 
 in the morning, continue burning till 1 1 at
 
 AIR. 119 
 
 night, without any thing being done to it : 
 when apparently quite out, on being stirred, 
 you have in a few minutes a glowing fire : it 
 will sometimes be necessary to loosen, or stir 
 slightly the upper part of the fire if it begins 
 to cake but the lower part must not be 
 touched, otherwise it will burn away too soon. 
 
 A IR. 
 
 MANY Invalids are hurried into their Grave 
 by the indiscreet kindness of their friends 
 forcing them from the comforts of Home 
 for the sake of Air more abounding with 
 Oxygen, i. e. the vivifying part of the atmo- 
 sphere : that great benefit is received from 
 what is called change of air is true enough 
 it is seldom considered that there is also a 
 change in most of the other circumstances 
 of the patient many, of infinitely more im-
 
 120 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 portance, than that which derives all the 
 credit of the Cure. 
 
 For instance, if a person living in a con- 
 fined part of the City neglecting exercise, 
 harassed all day by the anxieties of Business, 
 and sitting up late at Night, &c. be removed 
 to the tranquillity of rural scenes, which 
 invite him to be almost constantly taking 
 Exercise in the open Air, and retiring to rest 
 at an early hour and thus, instead of being 
 surrounded by irritations unfavourable to 
 Health, enjoying all the " jucunda oblivia 
 vita" which are favourable to it such a 
 Change will often do wonders, and sufficiently 
 account for the miraculous cures attributed to 
 Change of Air. 
 
 Chemical Philosophers assert indeed that 
 a Gallon of the unsavoury Gas from Garlick 
 Hill, gives as high a proportion of Oxygen, 
 as the like quantity of the ethereal element 
 of Primrose Hill : this seems incredible, and 
 must arise either from the imperfection of 
 the Eudiometer giving erroneous results, or
 
 AIE. 121 
 
 from the air being impregnated with matter 
 unfriendly to Health, which the instruments 
 employed to analyze it, have not the power 
 of denoting : let any one thread the mazes 
 of a crowded city, and walk for the same 
 space of time in a pleasant Country the 
 animal spirits will soon testify, which is the 
 most exhilarating. 
 
 However, people certainly do live long, 
 and enjoy Health, in situations apparently 
 very unfavourable to Animal Life. 
 
 Our Omniscient Creator has given to our 
 Lungs, the same faculty of extracting nutri- 
 ment from various kinds of Air as the 
 Stomach has from various kinds of Aliment: 
 the Poor man who feeds on the coarsest 
 food, is supported by it in as sound Health, 
 as the Rich man who fares sumptuously every 
 day- 
 Well then, in nine cases out of ten, 
 to change the Atmosphere we have been 
 long accustomed to, is as unadvisable as a 
 change in the Food we have been used to 
 
 G
 
 122 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 unless other circumstances make it so, than 
 the mere change of Place. 
 
 The Opulent Invalid who has been long- 
 indulged with a Home arranged to his humour 
 must beware (especially during any exa- 
 cerbation of his infirmity) of leaving it it 
 would be almost as desperate a procedure as 
 to eject an Oyster from his Shells. 
 
 EXERCISE. 
 
 " By ceaseless action, all that is subsists, 
 Constant rotation of the unwearied wheel 
 That nature rides upon, maintains her health, 
 Her beauty, her fertility. She dreads au instant's pause, 
 And lives but while she moves." COWPER'S Task. 
 
 " The wise, for Health on EXERCISE depend; 
 God never made his work for Man to mend." 
 
 The more luxuriously you live, the more 
 Exercise* you require, the " Bon Vivant " 
 
 * " The Cordials, Volatiles, Bracers, Strengtheners, 
 &c. given by common practitioners, may keep up an
 
 EXERCISE. 123 
 
 may depend upon the truth of the advice 
 which Sir Charles Scarborough gave to the 
 Duchess of Portsmouth," You must Eat less, 
 or take more Exercise *, or take Physic, 
 or be Sick." 
 
 increased circulation for a few hours, but their action 
 soon subsides. 
 
 The Circulation of the Blood can only be properly 
 carried on through the medium of Exercise or labour. 
 See page 38. 
 
 Art cannot come up to Nature in this most salu- 
 tary of all her operations. That sprightly Vigour, and 
 alacrity of Health, which we enjoy in an active course of 
 Life that Zest in appetite, and refreshment after eating, 
 which sated Luxury seeks in vain from art, is owing 
 wholly to new blood made every day from fresh food, 
 prepared and distributed by the joint action of all the 
 parts of the Body." CADOGAN on Gout, p. 34. 
 
 * " There is no rule more essential to those who are 
 advanced in Life, than never to give way to a remission 
 of Exercise. By degrees the demand for exercise may 
 shrink, in extreme old age, to little more than a bare 
 quit-rent; but that quit-rent must be paid, since life is 
 held by the tenure. 
 
 " Whoever examines the accounts handed down to 
 us of the Longest Livers, will generally find, that to the
 
 124 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 Exercise is the grand power to promote 
 the Circulation through the capillary vessels, 
 by which the constitution is preserved from 
 obstructions, Appetite increased, and Di- 
 gestion improved in all its stages, the due 
 distribution of nourishment, invigorates the 
 Nervous System, gives firmness and elasticity 
 to the Muscles, and strength to every part of 
 the System. 
 
 very last they used some exercise, as walking a certain 
 distance every day, &c. This is mentioned as some- 
 thing surprising in them, considering their great age ; 
 whereas the truth is, that their Jiving to such an age, 
 without some such exercise, would have been the 
 wonder. Exercise keeps off obstructions, which are 
 the principal sources of diseases, and ultimately of 
 death. Motion then is the tenure of life; and old people 
 who humour or indulge an inclination to sloth and 
 inactivity, (which is too apt to grow upon them on the 
 least encouragement), act as unwisely as the poor tra- 
 veller, who, bewildered in trackless snow, and surprised 
 by a chilling frost, instead of resisting the temptation to 
 sleep, suffers it to steal upon him, though he knows, 
 that, by its fatal blandishments, he can never expect to 
 wake again, but must inevitably perish." Institutes 
 of Health, p. 24.
 
 EXERCISE. 125 
 
 Exercise, to have its full effect, must be 
 continued till we feel a sensible degree of 
 Perspiration, (which is the Panacea for the 
 prevention of Corpulence) see page 50 and 
 should, at least once a-day, proceed to the 
 borders of fatigue, but never pass them, or we 
 shall be weakened instead of strengthened. 
 
 Health depends upon perpetual Secretion 
 and Absorption, and Exercise only can pro- 
 duce this. 
 
 After Exercise, take care to get cool gra- 
 dually when your Head perspires, rub it, 
 and your Face, &c. dry with a cloth : this 
 is better for the Hair than the best " Bear's 
 Grease," and will beautify the Complexion 
 beyond " La Cosmctique Royale" or all the 
 Red and White Olympian Dew that was 
 ever imported. 
 
 One of the most important precepts for 
 the preservation of Health, is to take care of 
 the Skin*. 
 
 * " The most ignorant person knows, that proper care 
 of the skin is indispensably necessary for the well-being 
 of horses, &c. 
 
 " The Groom often denies himself rest, that he may
 
 126 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 In Winter, the surface of the Body, the 
 Feet, &cc. should be washed twice or thrice 
 a Week, with water of the temperature of 
 about 98, and wiped every Day with a wet 
 towel; a Tepid Bath of the like temperature 
 once a fortnight will also conduce much to 
 both health and comfort. Some advise that 
 the surface of the Body be wiped every 
 morning with a wet sponge, and rubbed dry 
 after, with not too fine a cloth. 
 
 dress and curry his horses sufficiently ; it is, therefore, 
 wonderful, that the enlightened people of these days 
 should neglect the care of their own skin so much, that 
 I think I may, without exaggeration, assert, that among 
 the greater part of men, the Pores of the Skin arc half 
 closed and unfit for use." From p. 235 of HUFFE- 
 LAJJD'S Art of Prolonging Lif'e, which persons of all 
 ages may peruse with much advantage.
 
 WINE. 
 
 WINE. 
 
 " Le Vin est 1'un des produits de la nature les plus difBciles a jnget 
 t .'. hicii choisir: et les plus habiles gourmets sont souveiit mis en 
 dfaut." Manuel du Sommelier, Paris, 1817, p. 1. 
 
 WINE, especially Port, is generally twice 
 spoiled before it is considered fit to be 
 drank ! ! ! 
 
 The Wine-Maker spoils it first, by over- 
 loading it with Brandy to make it keep. 
 
 The Wine-Drinker keeps it till time has 
 not only dissipated the superabundant spirit, 
 but even until the acetous fermentation 
 begins to be evident, this, it is the taste 
 now to call " Flavour" and Wine is not 
 liked, till it has lost so much of its exhila- 
 rating power, that you may drink a Pint of 
 it, before receiving that degree of excitement, 
 which the Wine-drinker requires to make 
 him Happy. We mean a legal PINT con- 
 taining!: 16 ounces.
 
 128 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 The measure of a BOTTLE OF WINE ought 
 to be as definitive, as that of a POT OF 
 PORTER : is it not astonishing that the 
 Legislature have not ordered a Standard and 
 Stamped Quart, for the Wine-merchant 
 as they have a Pot for the Publican ? 
 
 This would be equally as desirable to 
 the respectable Wine-merchant, as to the 
 Public. 
 
 It would protect the former against the 
 injurious competition of those who at present, 
 by vending Wine in Bottles of inferior di- 
 mension, impose on the unwary purchaser 
 under pretence of selling at a lower than the 
 Market price. 
 
 The purchaser of a Dozen Bottles of Wine expects 
 to receive Three Gallons of Wine. 
 
 Proportions of the Wine Gallon, according to the last 
 
 London Pharmacopaia : 
 
 Gallon. Pints. Fluid Ounces. Drachms. Minims or Drops. 
 1 8 = 128 1024 =i 61,440 
 There are 32 ounces in a legal wine quart. 
 Multiply by 12 quarts in three gallons. 
 
 384 ounces in ditto.
 
 WINE. 
 
 129 
 
 Measure the number of ounces your bottle holds 
 divide 384 by it, and the quotient will give you the 
 number of such bottles required to contain three gallons 
 of wine. 
 
 Some Bottles do not contain more than 26 ounces. 
 
 26) 384 (14 Bottles, 1 Pint, and a Quarter. 
 26 
 
 124 
 104 
 
 20 
 
 Multiply 
 By 
 
 Ought to hold 
 Subtract 
 
 Or, 
 
 26, i. e. the number of ounces 
 12 your bottle will contain. 
 
 312 the number of ounces 
 contained in your dozen 
 bottles, which 
 
 384 the number of ounces in 
 312 Three Gallons. 
 
 Divide by the number > } d fa ]f 
 
 of ounces ma Quart, $ ' j? short of measure. 
 
 8 ounces. 
 
 So, instead of THREE GALLONS you have only Two 
 Gallons, one Quart, and a Pint and a half. 
 
 The Quantity a Bottle will contain, may 
 easily be accurately ascertained, by LYNES'S
 
 130 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 graduated Glass measure, which holds half a 
 pint, and is divided into ounces, &c. it is 
 a convenient vessel to mix GROG in. 
 
 A PIPE OF PORT contains, on the average, 
 138 Gallons, of which three must be allowed 
 for Lees, &c. This is enough for waste, if 
 the Wine has been properly fined, and steadily 
 bottled. 
 
 A BUTT OF SHERRY contains 130 gallons. 
 
 MADEIRA, 110 ditto. 
 
 Hogshead of CLARET, 55 ditto. 
 
 It is convenient for small Families to have 
 part of their Wine in Pint Bottles. 
 
 That Wine is much best when quite fresh 
 opened, is a fact it is needless to observe, 
 half a Pint of Wine (i. e. 8 ounces, i. e. 4 
 ordinary wine-glasses) is as much as most 
 people (who have not spoiled their stomachs 
 by intemperance) require. 
 
 The Rage for Superannuated Wine, is 
 one of the most ridiculous Vulgar Errors of 
 Modern Epicurism, " the Bee's Wing,"
 
 WINE. 131 
 
 " thick Crust* on the Bottle," " loss of 
 strength, &c." which Wine-fanciers consider 
 the Beauty of their tawny favourite, " fine 
 Old Port," are forbidding manifestations of 
 decomposition, and the departure of some of 
 the best qualities of the Wine. 
 
 The Agef of maturity for exportation from 
 
 * A thick Crust is not always the consequence of the 
 Wine having been very long time in the Bottle but 
 is rather a sign that it was too little time in the Cask, 
 or has been kept in a very cold cellar. 
 
 f " Had the man that first filled the Heidelburgh 
 Tun, been placed as sentinel to see that no other Wine 
 was put into it, I believe that he would have found it 
 much better at 25 or 30 years old, than at 100 or 150, 
 had he lived so long retained his senses, and been 
 permitted now and then to taste it a privilege with 
 which the natives are seldom indulged. 
 
 " To give a great price for Wine, and keep it till it 
 begins to perish, is a great pity." I cannot believe that 
 very aged Wine, when bordering on Acid, is wholesome, 
 though some Wine-drinkers seem to prefer it in that 
 state. " Respecting Port Wine, there is a great fuss 
 made by some about its age, and the crust on the 
 bottle ; as if the age and crust on the bottle constituted
 
 132 THE ART OF INVIGOBAT1NG LIFE. 
 
 Oporto, is said to be the second year after 
 the Vintage, (probably sometimes not quite 
 so long.) 
 
 Our Wine-merchants keep it in Wood 
 from two to six years longer, according to 
 its original strength, &c. surely this must 
 be long enough to do all that can be done 
 by keeping it what crude Wine it must be 
 to require even this time to ameliorate it 
 the necessity for which, must arise either 
 from some error in the original manufacture, 
 or a false taste, which does not relish it, 
 till Time has changed its original character- 
 istics. 
 
 Ordinary Port is a very uncleansed, fret- 
 ful Wine and experienced judges have 
 assured us, that the Best Port is rather 
 impoverished than improved, by being kept 
 in Bottle longer than Two * Years, i. e. sup- 
 
 the quality of the Wine." " Such crusty gentlemen 
 shall not select Wine for me." YOUNG'S Epicure, 
 8vo. 1815, p. 23, 28, &c. 
 
 * " Wines bottled in good order, may be fit to drink
 
 WINE. 133 
 
 posing it to have been previously from two 
 to four years in the Cask in this Country, 
 observing, that all that the outrageous advo- 
 cates for lt vin passe" really know about 
 it, is, that SHERRY is Yellow, and PORT is 
 Black, and that if they drink enough of 
 either of them, it will make them Drunk. 
 
 WHITE WINES, especially Sherry and 
 Madeira, being more perfectly fermented, 
 and thoroughly fined before they are bottled 
 if kept in a cellar of uniform temperature, 
 are not so rapidly deteriorated by Age. 
 
 The Temperature of a Good Cellar is nearly 
 the same throughout the year. Double Doors 
 help to preserve this. It must be dry, and 
 be kept as clean as possible. 
 
 The Art of preserving Wines, is to keep 
 them from fretting, which is done by keeping 
 
 in six months, (especially if bottled in October), but 
 they are not in perfection before twelve. From that to 
 two years they may continue so ; but it would be im- 
 proper to keep them longer." Edinburgh Encyclop. 
 Britan. vol. xviii. p. 7*2, Article Wine.
 
 134 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 them in the same degree of heat, and careful 
 Corking*. " If persons wish to preserve the 
 fine flavour of their Wines, they ought on no 
 account to permit any Bacon, Cheese, Onions, 
 Potatoes, or Cider, in their wine-cellars. Or, 
 if there be any disagreeable stench in the 
 Cellar, the wine will indubitably imbibe it ; 
 consequently, instead of being fragrant and 
 charming to the nose and palate, it will be 
 extremely disagreeable." CARNELLOH Wine 
 Making, 8vo. 1814, p. 124. See also Manuel 
 du Sommelier, par A. Jullien, Paris, 1817. 
 
 That MADEIRA (ifproperly matured before) 
 improves in quality by being carried to the 
 East Indies and back, by which Voyage it 
 loses from 8 to 10 Gallons, or to the West, 
 
 * " Cork the bottles very closely with good Cork, 
 and lay them on their sides, that the Cork may not dry 
 and facilitate the access of the air. For the greater 
 safety, the Cork may be covered with a coating of 
 cerement applied by means of a Brush, or the neck of 
 the bottle may be immersed in a mixture of melted wax, 
 rosin, or pitch." ACCUM on making Wine, 18'20, p. 40.
 
 WINE. 135 
 
 by which about 5 are wasted*, however 
 these round-about manoeuvres may tickle the 
 fancy of those folks who cannot relish any 
 thing that is not far-fetched, dear-bought, 
 and hard to be had, and to whom rarity is 
 the " sine qua non" of recommendation it 
 is one of those inconvenient prejudices, from 
 which common sense preserve us ! 
 
 The Vulgar objection to New Wine (by 
 which we mean Wine that has been maturing 
 in Wood two years in Portugal two in 
 England and in Bottle more than twelve 
 months), is, that its exhilarating qualities are 
 too abundant, and intoxicate in too small 
 a dose those " Buns Vivants," to whom 
 
 * A PUNCHEON OF BRANDY containing 130 Gallons, 
 after remaining in Cask in a Merchant's Cellar for three 
 years, lost two Gallons in measure, and ten Gallons in 
 strength. The stronger the Spirit, the sooner it eva- 
 porates. 
 
 The London Dock Company are not answerable for 
 any decrease of quantity in a PIPE OF WINE left under 
 their care, provided it does not exceed one Gallon for 
 each year which it is supposed to waste in that time.
 
 136 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 " the Bottle, the Sun of the table," and who 
 are not in the habit of crying to go home to 
 Bed while they can see it shining, require 
 Wines weaker than those which are usually 
 imported from Spain and Portugal, how- 
 ever PORT and SHERRY may be easily re- 
 duced to the standard desired by the long- 
 sitter, " paululum aceti acetosi" will give 
 the Acid Gout, " aqua pura" will subdue 
 their Spirit " ad libitum," and produce an 
 imitation of the flavour acquired by Age, ex- 
 tempore and You can thus very easily 
 make fine fruity nutritious new Wine, as 
 Light, and as Old*, and as Poor, as you 
 please and fit it exactly to your customer's 
 palate, whether ft Massa drinky for Drinky, 
 or drinkyfor Drunky Massa" 
 
 To ameliorate very new, or very old Wine 
 mix a bottle of the one with a bottle of 
 
 * CORNARO complains that old Wine was very dis- 
 agreeable to his Stomach, and new wine very grateful; 
 his dose was fourteen ounces, (i. e. seven wine-glasses) 
 per day.
 
 WINE. 137 
 
 the other or to a bottle of very old Port 
 add a glass or two of good new Claret to 
 very new, a glass of Sherry. 
 
 Of all our Senses, the Taste, especially 
 for Liquids, is the most sophisticated Slave of 
 Habit " De gustibus, non est disputandum." 
 
 The Astringent matter, and Alcohol 
 which render PORT WINE the prop of an 
 Englishman's Heart are intolerable to the 
 palate of an Italian, or Frenchman. But a 
 Stomach which has been accustomed to be 
 wound up by the double stimulus of Astrin- 
 gents, and Alcohol also, will not be con- 
 tent with the latter only, especially if that 
 ,be in less quantity as it is in the Italian 
 and French Wines ; which, therefore, for the 
 generality of Englishmen, are insufficiently 
 excitant. 
 
 He who has been in the habit of drinking 
 PORTER at Dinner, and PORT after 
 will feel uncomfortable with Home-brewed 
 Ale, and Claret.
 
 138 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 Mr. ACCUM, the chemist, analyzed for the 
 Editor, some PORT and SHERRY of the 
 finest quality the PORT* yielded 20 per 
 cent and the SHERRY 19'25 per cent, of 
 ALCOHOL of 825 specific gravity i. e. 
 the strongest Spirit of Wine that can be 
 drawn, full double the strength of BRANDY, 
 
 * Fermented liquors furnish very different proportions 
 of Alcohol and it has been sometimes supposed that 
 it does not pre-exist to the amount in which it is ob- 
 tained by distillation; but some experiments I made 
 upon the subject in 1811 and 1813, and which are 
 printed in the PItil. Trans, for three years, tend to 
 show that it is a real educt, and not formed by the 
 action of heat upon the elements existing in the fer- 
 mented liquor. The following table exhibits the pro- 
 portion of Alcohol by measure, existing in one hundred 
 pints of Wine." BRANDE'S Manual of Chemistry, 
 8vo. 1819, p. 400. 
 
 Hock 14 
 
 Claret 15 
 
 Sherry 19 
 
 Port 
 
 Madeira 24 per cent Alcohol.
 
 WINE. 139 
 
 which seldom has 40 per Cent, and com- 
 mon GIN* not more than 30 or 25. 
 
 Some people have a notion that if they go 
 to the Docks, they can purchase a Pipe of 
 Wine for twenty pounds less, than they 
 
 * " It would save many lives if Gin, &c. was not 
 allowed to be sold until reduced to one third the 
 strength of Proof Spirit. People do not at first drink 
 from any liking or desire, but being cold, or faint with 
 hunger or fatigue, they find immediate comfort and 
 refreshment from the use of Spirits and as they can 
 purchase a dram with less money than they can cover 
 their back, or fill their belly, so they gratify the strongest 
 and least expensive appetite and insensibly become 
 drunkards." 
 
 " Ardent Spirits are not only eminently destructive 
 to the Body, but are the most powerful incentives to 
 Vice of every kind; Drunkenness engenders all other 
 Crimes. Does the Robber pause in his Trade ? Does 
 the Murderer hesitate? they are presently wound up 
 at the Gin shop. Has the Seducer tried his arts in 
 vain ? The Brothel is more indebted to this source, 
 than to all the other lures to Seduction."- From Hints 
 for the Preservation of Health. CALLOW, 1813, 
 12 mo. p. 2.
 
 140 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 must pay to a regular Wine Merchant 
 and, moreover, have it neat as imported 
 as if all Wines of the same Name, were of 
 the same Quality. 
 
 PORT varies at Oporto in quality and price 
 as much as PORTER does in London it is 
 needless to say how difficult it is to obtain 
 the best Beer at any price it is quite as 
 difficult to obtain the best Port Wine at 
 Oporto, where the very superior wine is all 
 bought up at a proportionately high price 
 by the agents for the London Wine Mer- 
 chants. 
 
 BRANDIES and WINES vary in quality 
 quite as much as they do in Price: not less 
 than twenty pounds per Pipe in the country 
 where they are made. 
 
 The only way to obtain genuine whole- 
 some liquor, is to apply to a respectable 
 Wine Merchant and beg of him to send 
 you the best wine at the regular market price. 
 
 If you are particular about the Quality 
 of what you buy the less You ask about
 
 WINE. 141 
 
 the price of it the better if you are not, 
 bargain as hard as you please. 
 
 The Editor buys his Wines of Messrs. 
 DANVERS and CLARKE, No. 122, Upper 
 Thames Street; his Brandt/ and Liqueurs* 
 of Messrs. JOHNSON, in Pall Mall; and his 
 Spirits, 8tc. of Mr. RICKARDS, Piccadilly. 
 
 " There are Three sorts of Drinkers : one drinks to 
 satisfy Nature, and to support his Body, and requires it 
 as necessary to his Being. 
 
 " Another drinks a degree beyond this, and takes a 
 larger dose to exhilarate and cheer his mind, and help 
 him to sleep these two are lawful drinkers. 
 
 " A third drinks neither for the good of the Body or 
 the Mind, but to stupify and drown both." MAYNWA- 
 RINGE on Health, fyc. 12mo. 1683, p. 123. 
 
 * JOHNSON'S WITTE CURACOA takes precedence of 
 all the Liqueurs we have ever tasted.
 
 A Moral and Physical Thermometer ; or, a Scale of the Progress 
 of Temperance and Intemperance, by J. C. LETTSOM, M. D. 
 
 LIQUORS, with their EFFECTS, in their usual Order. 
 
 TEMPERANCE. 
 
 r- Health, Wealth, 
 
 WATER. 
 
 Milk and Water. 
 
 Small Beer. 
 
 Cyder and Prry. 
 
 Wine. 
 
 Porter. 
 
 Strong Beer. 
 
 Punch. 
 
 Toddy and Crank. 
 
 Grog, and 
 Brandy and 
 Water. 
 
 Flip and Shrub. 
 
 f Bitters infused 
 J in Spirits. 
 J Usquebaugh, 
 v Hystericwater. 
 t Gin, Ainii- 
 \ seed, Brandy, 
 \ Rum, and 
 f Whisky in the 
 V Morning. 
 \ Do. during 
 < the Day and 
 C Night. 
 
 
 Serenity of Mind, 
 Reputation, long Life, a 
 Happiness. 
 
 Cheerfulness, 
 
 Strength, and 
 
 Kourishment, when tak 
 only at Meals, and in 
 moderate Quantities. 
 
 INTEMPERANCE. 
 
 ' VlCES.X f 
 
 Idleness. 
 
 DISEASES. 
 
 Peevishness. 
 
 Quarrelling. 
 
 Fighting. 
 
 Lying. 
 
 Swearing. 
 
 Obscenity. 
 
 Swindling. 
 
 Perjury. 
 
 Burglary. 
 
 Murder. 
 
 Suicide. 
 
 
 Sickness. 
 Puking, and 
 Tremors of the 
 
 Hands in the 
 
 Morning. 
 
 Bloatedness. 
 Inflamed Eyes. 
 Red Nose and Face. 
 Sore and swelled 
 Legs. 
 
 Jaundice. 
 
 Pains in the Limbs, 
 and burning in 
 the Palms of the 
 Hands, and Soles 
 of the Feet. 
 
 Dropsy. 
 
 Epilepsy. 
 
 Melancholy. 
 
 Madness. 
 
 Palsy. 
 
 Apoplexy. 
 
 ^PUNISH- 
 MENTS 
 
 Debt. 
 Black Eye 
 
 Rags. 
 Hunger. 
 
 Hospital. 
 Poor-bomi 
 Jail. 
 
 Whipping. 
 The Hulk* 
 Botany B; 
 
 GALLOW
 
 WINE. 143 
 
 Those who drink Wine *, fyc. for the pur- 
 pose it was given, as a Cordial, to cheer the 
 Circulation, when it falters from Fatigue, 
 Age, or profuse Evacuations of any kind, 
 " for the Stomach's sake," as St. Paul re- 
 commends it, and for our " often infirmities" 
 as a medicine will understand, that of all 
 the ways of saving, to run any risk of buying 
 inferior Wine, is the most ridiculously unwise 
 Economy. 
 
 To Ice Wine is another very unprofitable 
 and inconvenient custom and not only de- 
 teriorates its flavour, but by rendering it dull 
 in the mouth people are induced to drink 
 too much, as they are deprived of the advan- 
 tage of knowing when they have got enough 
 
 * " The Blood of the Grape appeareth to be Blood, 
 in it is Life, it is from the Vine, and that the Plant of 
 life; and that the difference between this Plant, and 
 the Tree of Life in Paradise, were but magis and minus, 
 is not so improbable as to be rejected by any, for they 
 will be both granted Plants of Life, and they very much 
 respond in their nature as well as Appellation. What 
 the fruit was that sprang from that in Paradise, is not
 
 144 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 for as soon as the Wine becomes warm in 
 their Stomachs, the dose they have taken 
 merely to exhilarate them makes them 
 drunk. 
 
 The true Economy of Drinking, is to 
 excite as much Exhilaration as may be, 
 with as little Wine. 
 
 We deprecate the custom of sitting for 
 Hours after Dinner, and keeping the Stomach 
 in an incessant state of irritation by sipping 
 Wine, nothing can be more prejudicial to 
 Digestion* it is much better to mix Food 
 and Drink and to take them by alternate 
 mouthsful. See page 11. 
 
 Our " VINUM BRITANNICUM " good 
 Home-brewed Beer which has been very 
 deservedly called " Liquid Bread," is pre- 
 
 as yet known, or not so perfectly understood as that of 
 the Vine, the nature of which is so lively as that Galen 
 will affirm it to augment radical heat, which is the way 
 to live for ever." See Dr. WUITAKEK on the Blood of 
 the Grape, 16mo. 1654, p. 3 and 31. 
 
 * In our PEPTIC PRECEPTS, we have pointed out the 
 most convenient ways of counteracting the dilapidating
 
 WINE. 145 
 
 ferable to any other Beverage during Dinner 
 or Supper or Port or Sherry diluted with 
 about three or four times their quantity of 
 Toast and Water (No. 463*): undiluted, 
 these Wines are too strong to be drank 
 during Dinner, they act so powerfully on 
 the feelings of the Stomach, that they dull 
 the desire for solid Food, by producing the 
 sensation of Restoration, and the System, 
 instead of receiving material to repair and 
 strengthen it, is merely stimulated during 
 the action of the Vinous spirit. 
 
 However, the dull stimulus of Distention, 
 is insufficient for some delicate Stomachs, 
 which do absolutely require to be screwed 
 up with a certain quantity of diffusible 
 Stimulus*, without which, they cannot pro- 
 effects of excessive vinous irrigation, which is doubly 
 debilitating, when you suffer the fascinations of the 
 festive Bowl to seduce You to sacrifice to Bacchus, 
 those hours which are due to the drowsy God of Night. 
 
 * " More or less Alcohol is necessary to support the 
 usual vigour of the greater number of people even in 
 H
 
 146 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 ceed effectively to the business of Digestion, 
 or indeed any other business we do not 
 recommend such, especially if they have 
 passed the Meridian of Life, to attempt to 
 entirely wean themselves of it but advise 
 them, immediately after Dinner, to drink as 
 much as is necessary to excite that degree 
 of action in their System, without which 
 they are uncomfortable, and then to stop. 
 See Observations on Siesta. 
 
 Now-a-days, feabies are brought to table 
 after Dinner by Children of larger growth to 
 drink Wine, which has as bad an effect 
 on their tender susceptible stomachs, as the 
 like quantity of ALCOHOL would produce 
 upon an Adult. 
 
 Health nothing therefore can be more injudicious than 
 wholly to deprive them of this support when they are 
 weakened by disease Dyspeptics who have been ac- 
 customed to its use, cannot be deprived of it a very 
 moderate use of Wine can hardly be said to be in- 
 jurious : we see those who use it in this way, live as 
 long, and enjoy as good health, as those who wholly 
 abstain from it." Dr. PHILIP, on Indigestion, 8vo. 
 1821, pp. 139 and 144.
 
 WINE. 147 
 
 Wine has been called " the Milk of Old 
 Age," so " Milk is the Wine of Youth." 
 As Dr. Johnson observed, it is much easier 
 to be abstinent than to be temperate and 
 no man should habitually take Wine as 
 Food till he is past 30 years of age* at 
 least; happy is He who preserves this 
 best of Cordials in reserve, and only takes 
 it to support his Mind and Heart when dis- 
 tressed by anxiety and fatigue. That which 
 may be a needful stimulus at 40 or 50, 
 will inflame the Passions into madness at 
 20 or 30 and at an earlier period is abso- 
 lute Poison. 
 
 Among other innumerable Advantages 
 which the Water-drinker enjoys, remember 
 he saves at least FIFTY GUINEAS per 
 annum which the Beer and Wine drinker 
 wastes as much to the detriment of his 
 
 * " No man in health can need Wine till he arrives 
 at 40 : he may then begin with two glasses in the day : 
 at 50 he may add two more." See TKOTTER on 
 Drunkenness, 1804, p. 151. 
 
 H 2
 
 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 health, as the diminution of his Finances : 
 moreover, nothing deteriorates the sense of 
 Taste so soon as strong liquors the Water- 
 drinker enjoys an exquisite sensibility of 
 Palate, and relish for plain food, that a 
 Wine-drinker has no idea of. 
 
 Some people make it a rule to drink a 
 certain number of Glasses of Wine during 
 and after dinner, whether they are dry, or 
 languid, or not < this is as ridiculous as it 
 would be to eat a certain number of Mutton 
 Chops whether you are hungry or not. The 
 effect produced by Wine is seldom the same, 
 even in the same person and depends on 
 the state of the animal spirits at the time 
 whether the stomach be full or empty, &c. 
 
 The more simply Life is supported, and 
 the less Stimulus we use, the better and 
 Happy are the Young and Healthy who are 
 wise enough to be convinced that Water is 
 the best drink, and Salt the best sauce. 
 
 But in Invalids past the Meridian of Life, 
 we believe as much mischief is going on
 
 WINK. 149 
 
 when our Pulse hobbles along as if the Heart 
 was too tired to carry on the Circulation, as 
 can possibly be done to the constitution by 
 taking such a portion of Wine as will re- 
 move the collapse and excite the main- 
 spring of Life to vibrate with healthful 
 vigour. 
 
 The following is the Editor's plan of 
 taking liquid food at Dinner, when he 
 cannot get Good Beer: he has two wine 
 glasses of Sherry, or one of Whiskey*, or 
 Brandy, (No. 471), and three-fourths of a 
 pint of good Toast and Water, (No. 463), 
 (which when Dyspeptic he has warmed to 
 about Summer Heat, i. e. 75 of Fahrenheit,) 
 and puts a wine-glass of Sherry, or half a 
 glass of Whiskey, &c. into half a pint of the 
 water, and the other glass of Sherry, or half 
 glass of Whiskey, &c. into the remaining 
 quarter pint thus increasing the strength 
 
 * Scotch or Irish WHISKEY is an infinitely purer spirit 
 than E7iglish GIN which is an uncertain compouncj 
 of various Essential Oils, &c.
 
 150 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 of the liquid towards the conclusion of 
 Dinner, after which he drinks from two to 
 four glasses of Port or Sherry as Instinct 
 suggests the state of the circulation requires 
 if it be very languid, a Liqueur glass of JOHN- 
 SON'S* Witte Curafoa^- is occasionally re- 
 
 * Brandy and Liqueur Merchant, No. 2, Colonnade, 
 Pall Mall. 
 
 f To MAKE A QUART OF CTJRAC OA. To a pint of 
 the cleanest and strongest Rectified Spirit, (sold by 
 Kickards, Piccadilly,) add two drachms and a half of 
 the Sweet Oil of Orange Peel, (sold by Stewart, No. 11, 
 Old Broad Street, near the Bank,) shake it up, 
 dissolve a pound of good Lump Sugar in a pint of 
 cold water, make this into a Clarified Syrup, (No. 475), 
 which add to the Spirit, shake it up, and let it stand 
 till the following day then line a funnel with a piece of 
 muslin, and that with filtering paper, and filter it two or 
 three times till it is quite bright; or dissolve a drachm 
 and a half of Carbonate of Potash in about a quarter pint 
 of the Liqueur by rubbing it together in a mortar adding 
 it to the Liqueur, and shaking it well up then incor- 
 porate a like quantity of pounded Alum in another 
 quarter pint of the Liqueur and return it to the 
 Liqueur, shake it well up and in a little time it will
 
 WINE. 151 
 
 commended as a renovating Bonne Bouche 
 about a quarter of an hour after dinner, he 
 lies down on a Sofa, and sleeps for about 
 half an hour this has been his custom for 
 the last twenty years half an hour's hori- 
 zontal posture is more restorative to him 
 than if he had sat up and drank three or 
 four more glasses of wine. 
 
 As to the Wholesomeness of various Wines*, 
 
 become fine. This Liqueur is an admirable cordial 
 and a tea-spoonful in a Tumbler of water, is a very 
 refreshing Summer drink, and a great improvement to 
 PUNCH. 
 
 Obs. We do not offer this Receipt as a Rival to 
 Mr. Johnson's Curacoa it is only proposed as an 
 humble substitute for that incomparable Liqueur. 
 
 * " II y a pour le Gourmet plus de soixante sortes de 
 vins; il n'y en a que trois pour le Chimiste; savoir, 
 les vins mousseux, les vins faits, les vins sucres. Le 
 Sucre existe tout forme" par la nature dans les raisins 
 murs de tous les pays ; sa proportion fait la principalo 
 difference des vins ; c'est le sucre seul qui e"tablit la 
 fermentation vineuse : si Ton enferme le vin avant 
 qu'elle soit termine'e, le gaz, qui etait sur le point de
 
 152 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 that depends on the integrity and skill of 
 the Wine-maker, and upon the peculiar 
 state of the stomach of the Wine-drinker : 
 when my Stomach is not in Good Temper, 
 it generally desires to have Red Wine, 
 but when in best Health, nothing affronts 
 it more than to put Port into it and one 
 
 s'echapper, reste dans la liqueur, et le vin est mousseux. 
 Ce gaz est de I'acide carbonique, le meme air qui fait 
 mousserle cidre, la biere, 1'hydromel, et les eaux mine- 
 rales de Seltz, de Chateldon. II est dangereux a respirer 
 en quantite", puisqu'il asphyxie les animaux ; niais il est 
 tres-salubre a boire ainsi combine. Si, au contraire, la 
 fermentation est terminee, le sucre s'est change dans le 
 vin, en eau de vie, qui tient en dissolution le tartre, le 
 principe colorant, et le principe extractif du raisin. 
 Voila, ce qui constitue les vins fails ; ils ne moussent 
 plus, et ils sont plus ou moins genereux suivant les 
 proportions de leurs principes. 
 
 " Enfin,quand le sucre naturel au raisin est trop abon- 
 dant pour fermenter en totalite, tine portion reste dans 
 la liqueur sous forme de Sirop, et constitue les vins 
 sucres d'Espagne, de Constance, etc. La difference de 
 saveur depend d'un arome particulier, propre au raisin 
 de chaque climat." Cours Gastronomique, 8vo. 1809. 
 p. 289.
 
 WINE. 153 
 
 of the first symptoms of its coming into 
 adjustment, is a wish for While Wine. 
 
 One of the chief causes of that derange- 
 ment of the Stomach, which delicate and 
 aged persons so constantly complain of after 
 Dining out is the drinking of Wines, &c. 
 which they are unused to. 
 
 White, deserve to be preferred to Red 
 Wines, because the latter being harder 
 pressed, and subjected to a stronger fer 
 mentation to extract the colouring matter 
 from the husks of the Grape, are more 
 loaded with feculence. 
 
 Of RED WINES, Claret is the best; and it 
 is to be lamented, that the Duty imposed 
 upon it is so great, that to moderate fortunes 
 it amounts to a prohibition when we make 
 this observation, we do not mean to impeach 
 the prudence which has induced those who 
 no doubt best understand the subject, to 
 determine that political necessity impera- 
 tively decrees that the delightful and salu- 
 brious wines of France must be taxed 
 
 H5
 
 154 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 twice as high as the coarse unwholesome 
 
 D 
 
 wines of Portugal. 
 
 Of the White Wines, we believe that 
 Sherry is the most easy and Madeira the 
 most difficult to obtain genuine most of 
 the SWEET Wines are as artificially com- 
 pounded, as the Beers of this country ; the 
 addition of Capillaire to Port wine, makes 
 what is commonly called Tent. Mountain, 
 Calcavella, fyc. are made up in the same 
 manner. 
 
 For further Illustrations of this subject, 
 see ACCUM on Adulterations, 2d Edition, 
 12mo. 1820. 
 
 An Inquiry into the Effects of Fermented 
 Liquors, by a Water-drinker, 2d Edit. 1818. 
 
 SANDFORD'S Remarks on Wine. Wor- 
 cester, 1799. 
 
 LETTSOM, on the Effects of Hard Drinking. 
 
 TROTTER, on Drunkenness, 1804. 
 
 ACCUM'S Art of making English Wine, 
 1820. 
 
 CARNELL, on Family Wine Making, 1814.
 
 WINE. 155 
 
 Ac CUM, on Brewing, 1820. 
 
 RAW LIN SON, on Brewing in Small Quan- 
 tities, printed for Johnson, 1807, price Is. ; 
 and Home Brewed Ale, printed for Robinson, 
 1804, price 2s. 
 
 Facts Proving Water the best Beverage. 
 Printed by Smeeton, in St. Martin's Lane. 
 
 Manuel de Sommelier, par A. JULLIEN, 
 Paris, 1817.
 
 156 
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS, 
 
 Suaviter in mode, sed fortiter in re." 
 
 NOT one Constitution in a thousand, is so 
 happily constructed or is constantly in such 
 perfect adjustment, that the operations of the 
 Abdominal Viscera (on which every other 
 movement of the system depends) proceed 
 with healthful regularity. 
 
 The following hints will point out to the 
 Reader, how to employ Art to afford that 
 assistance to Nature, which in Indisposition 
 and Age, is so often required, and will teach 
 him to counteract in the most prompt and 
 agreeable manner the effects of those acci- 
 dental deviations from strict Temperance, 
 which sometimes overcome the most abste- 
 mious philosopher when the seducing
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 157 
 
 charms of Conviviality tempt him to forego 
 the prudent maxims of his cooler moments. 
 
 They will help those who have delicate 
 Constitutions, to obtain their fair share of 
 Health and Strength, and instruct the 
 Weak, so to economize the powers they 
 have, that they may enjoy Life as well as the 
 Strong. 
 
 To humour that desire for the marvellous, 
 which is so universal in medical (as well as 
 in other) matters, the makers of Aperient 
 Pills generally select the most DRASTIC 
 PURGATIVES, which operating considerably 
 in a dose of a few grains, excite admiration 
 in the Patient, and faith in their powers, in 
 proportion as a small dose produces a great 
 effect, who seldom considers how irritating 
 such materials must be, and consequently 
 how injurious to a Stomach in a state of De- 
 bility, and perhaps deranged by indulging 
 Appetite beyond the bounds of moderation. 
 
 INDIGESTION will sometimes overtake the 
 most experienced Epicure ; when the gus-
 
 158 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 tatory nerves are in good humour, Hunger 
 and Savoury Viands will sometimes seduce 
 the Tongue of a " Grand Gourmand" to 
 betray the interest of his Stomach * in spite 
 of his Brains. 
 
 On such an unfortunate occasion, 
 whether the intestinal commotion be excited 
 by having eaten too much, or too strong 
 food lie down have your Tea early after 
 Dinner and drink it warm. 
 
 This is a hint to help the Invalid, whose 
 digestion is so delicate, that it is sometimes 
 disordered by a Meal of the strictest Tem- 
 perance. If the anxiety, &c. about the 
 Stomach does not speedily abate, apply the 
 t( Stomach Warmer" This valuable com- 
 panion to Aged and Gouty Subjects, may 
 be procured at No. 58, Haymarket. 
 
 A certain degree of Heat is absolutely 
 necessary to excite and support a regular 
 
 " The human Stomach is capable, in the adult, of 
 containing about three quarts of water." BLUMEN- 
 BACH'S Physiology, p. 145.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 159 
 
 process of Digestion ; when the Circula- 
 tion is languid, and the food difficult of 
 solution, in Aged persons and Invalids, 
 External Heat will considerably assist Con- 
 coction, and the application of this califa- 
 cient concave will enable the Digestive or- 
 gans to overcome refractory materials, 
 and convert them into laudable Chyle. 
 
 Unless the Constitution is so confound- 
 edly debilitated, that the Circulation cannot 
 run alone Abstinence* is the easiest 
 cheapest and best cure for the disorders 
 which arise from Indigestion or Intemperance. 
 I do not mean what Celsus calls the first 
 degree of it, " when the sick man takes 
 nothing," but the second, " when he takes 
 nothing but what he ought." 
 
 The Chylopoietic organs are uncomfort- 
 
 * " By adopting an abstinent plan of diet, even to a 
 degree that produces a sensation of want in the System, 
 we do that which is most likely to create appetite and 
 increase the powers of digestion.'' ABERNETHY'S Surg. 
 Obs. 68.
 
 160 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 able when entirely unoccupied, when the 
 Stomach is too tired to work, and too 
 weak to be employed on actual service, 
 it desires something to be introduced to 
 it, that will entertain it till it recovers its 
 energy. 
 
 After INTEMPERATE FEASTING one day, 
 let the food of the following day be Liquid, 
 or of such materials as are easy of solution. 
 
 Various expedients have been recom- 
 mended for preventing and relieving the 
 disorders arising from too copious libations 
 of " the Regal purple Stream." 
 
 When a good fellow has been sacrificing 
 rather too liberally at the shrine of the Jolly 
 God, the best remedy to help the Stomach to 
 get rid of its burthen, is to take for Supper 
 some GRUEL, (No. 572, see Index,) with 
 half an ounce of Butter, and a teaspoonful of 
 Epsom Salt in it ; or two or three Peristaltic 
 Persuaders, which some Gastropholists 
 take as a provocative to appetite, about 
 an hour before Dinner.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 161 
 
 Some persons take as a " sequitur" a 
 drachm of Carbonate of Soda, 
 
 Others a teaspoonful of Calcined Magnesia : 
 when immediate relief is required, never 
 adminster this uncertain medicine, which, 
 if the Stomach has no Acid ready to dissolve 
 it, will remain inert ; it must be taken, only 
 when Heart-burn and symptoms of Acidity 
 are manifest. 
 
 As a Finale to the day of the Feast, or the 
 Overture of the day after, take (No. 481*,) 
 or two drachms of Epsom Salt in half a pint 
 of Beef Tea, or some Tincture of Rhubarb 
 in hot water, the first thing to be done, is 
 to endeavour to get rid of the offending ma- 
 terial. 
 
 A Breakfast of Beef Tea* (No. 563,) is an 
 
 * To make BEEF or MUTTON TEA. Cut a pound of 
 lean gravy-meat into thin slices put it into a quart and 
 half a pint of cold water set it over a gentle fire where 
 it will become gradually warm when the skum rises 
 catch it, cover the Saucepan close, and let it continue 
 boiling for about two hours skim the fat off, strain it
 
 162 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 excellent Restorative ; when the Languor 
 following Hard Drinking is very distressing, 
 indulge in the horizontal posture ; (see 
 Siesta, p. 294 ;) nothing relieves it so effec- 
 tually, or so soon cheers the Circulation, 
 and sets all right ; get an early Luncheon 
 of restorative Broth or Soup. 
 
 HARD DRINKING is doubly debilitating, 
 when pursued beyond the usual hour of retiring 
 to Rest. 
 
 Those devotees to the Bottle, who never 
 suffer the orgies of Bacchus to encroach on 
 the time which Nature demands for Sleep, 
 escape with impunity, many of the evils 
 
 through a sieve or a napkin skim it .again let it stand 
 ten minutes to settle, and then pour off the clear Tea. 
 To make half a pint of BEEF TEA. in Jive minutes for 
 three half-pence, see No. 252 ; and to make good Mut- 
 ton Broth for Nothing, No. 490. 
 
 N. B. An Onion, and a few grains of Black Pepper, 
 &c. are sometimes added. If the Meat is boiled till it 
 is thoroughly tender, mince it and pound it as directed 
 in No. 503 of the COOK'S ORACLE and you may have 
 a dish of POTTED BEEF for the trouble of making it.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 163 
 
 which soon and irreparably impair the 
 Health of the Midnight reveller. 
 
 A facetious observer of the inordinate de- 
 gree in which some people will indulge their 
 Palate, to the gratification of which they 
 sacrifice all their other senses, recommends 
 such to have their Soup seasoned with a 
 tasteless purgative, as the Food of insane 
 persons sometimes is, and so prepare their 
 bowels for the hard work they are going to 
 give them ! ! 
 
 To let the Stomach have a holiday occa- 
 sionally i. e. a Liquid diet, of Broth and 
 Vegetable Soup, is one of the most agreeable 
 and most wholesome ways of restoring its 
 Tone. 
 
 If your Appetite* be languid, take addi- 
 
 * " II y a trois sortes d'appetits ; celui que Ton e"prouve 
 a jefin; sensation imperieuse qui ne chicane point sur 
 le mets, et qui vous fait venir 1'eau a la bouche, a 1'aspect 
 d'un hon ragout. Je le compare au desir impetueux 
 d'un jeune homme qui voit sourire la beaute qu'il aime. 
 Le second appe"tit est celui que Ton ressent lorsque, 
 s'etant mis a table sans faim, on a deja goute d'un plat
 
 164 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 tional Exercise in a pure open Air, or 
 Dine half an hour later than usual, and so 
 give time for the Gastric Juices to assemble 
 in full force ; or dine upon Fish or Chi- 
 nese Soup, i. e. Tea. 
 
 If these simple means are ineffectual, 
 the next step, is to produce energetic vibra- 
 tion in the Alimentary tube, without exciting 
 inordinate action, or debilitating depletion ; 
 and to empty the Bowels, without irritating 
 them. 
 
 Sometimes when the languor occasioned by 
 Dyspepsia, &c. is extreme, the Torpor of the 
 
 succulent, et qui a consacre le proverbe, Vappitit vient 
 en mangeant. Je 1'assimile a 1'etat d'un mari dont le 
 cceur tiede s'echauffe aux premieres caresses de sa 
 femme. Le troisieme appetit est celui qu'excite un 
 mets delicieux qui parait & la fin d'un repas, lorsque, 
 1'estomac satisfait, 1'homme sobre allait quitter la table 
 sans regret. Celui-la trouve son embleme dans les feux 
 du libertinage, qui quoique illusoires, font naitre cepen- 
 dant quelques plaisirs reels. La connaissance de cette 
 metaphysique de 1'appetit doit guider le Cuisinier habile 
 dans la composition du premier, du second et du troi- 
 sicme service." Cours Gastronomique, p. 64.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 165 
 
 System becomes so* tremendous that no 
 Stimulus will help it, and the Heart feels as 
 if it was tired of beating a moderate dose 
 of a quickly operating Aperient, i. e. half an 
 ounce of Tincture of Rhubarb, and two 
 drachms of Epsom Salts in a tumbler of 
 hot water will speedily restore its wonted 
 energy. 
 
 THE STOMACH is the centre of Sympathy; 
 if the most minute fibre of the human 
 frame be hurt, intelligence of the injury in- 
 stantaneously arrives ; and the Stomach is 
 disturbed, in proportion to the importance 
 of the Member, and the degree in which it 
 is offended. 
 
 If either the Body or the Mind be fatigued, 
 the Stomach invariably sympathizes ; if 
 the most robust do any thing too much, the 
 Stomach is soon affronted, and does too 
 little: unless this main-spring of Health 
 be in perfect adjustment, the machinery of 
 life will vibrate with languor ; especially 
 those parts which are naturally weak, or
 
 166 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 have been injured by Accidents, &c. Con- 
 stipation is increased in costive habits and 
 Diarrhoea in such as are subject thereto 
 and all Chronic complaints are exasperated, 
 especially in persons past the age of 35 
 years. 
 
 Of the various helps to Science, none per- 
 haps more rapidly facilitate the acquirement 
 of knowledge, than analogical reasoning; 
 or illustrating an Art we are ignorant of, by 
 one we are acquainted with. 
 
 THE HUMAN FRAME may be compared 
 to a Watch, of which the Heart is the Main- 
 spring the Stomach the regulator, and 
 what we put into it, the Key by which the 
 machine is wound up; according to the 
 quantity, quality, and proper digestion of 
 what we Eat* and Drink, will be the pace of 
 
 * " It is but INCREASING or diminishing the velocity 
 of certain fluids in the animal machine, to elate the 
 Soul with the gayest hopes, or to sink her into the 
 deepest despair ; to depress the HERO into a Coward
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 167 
 
 the Pulse, and the action of the System in 
 general: when we observe a due proportion 
 between the quantum of Exercise and that 
 of Excitement, all goes well. If the ma- 
 chine be disordered, the same expedients 
 are employed for its re-adjustment, as are 
 used by the Watch-maker ; it must be care- 
 fully cleaned, and judiciously oiled. 
 
 Eating Salads after Dinner, and chilling 
 the Stomach, and checking the process of 
 digestion by swilling cold Soda Water 
 we hold to be other Vulgar Errors. 
 
 It is your superfluous SECOND COURSES, 
 and ridiculous variety ofWines, Liqueurs, 
 Ices, Desserts, 8cc. which (are served up 
 more to gratify the pride of the Host, than the 
 appetite of the Guests that) overcome the Sto- 
 mach, and paralyze Digestion, and seduce 
 " Children of larger Growth" to sacrifice the 
 health and comfort of several days for the 
 
 or advance the Coward into a HERO." FITZOSBOBNE'S 
 Letters, 1. viii.
 
 168 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 Baby-pleasure of tickling their tongue for a 
 few minutes, with Trifles and Custards ! ! 
 
 Most of those who have written on what 
 by a strange perversion of language are 
 most non-naturally termed the non-naturals, 
 have merely laid before the Public a non- 
 sensical register of the peculiarities of their 
 own Palate, and the idiosyncracies of their 
 own Constitution*. 
 
 * " SALT, PEPPER, and MUSTARD, ay, VINEGAR too, 
 Are quite as unwholesome as CURRY I vow, 
 All lovers of Goose, Duck, or Pig, he'll engage, 
 That eat it with Onion, Salt, Pepper or Sage, 
 Will find ill effects from 't," and therefore no doubt 
 Their prudence should tell them, best eat it 
 
 without! 
 But, alas ! these are subjects on which there's no 
 
 reas'ning, 
 For you'll still eat your Goose, Duck, or Pig, with 
 
 its seas'ning ; 
 
 And what is far worse notwithstanding his huffing, 
 You 11 make for your Hare and your Veal a good 
 
 stuffing : 
 
 And I fear, if a Leg of good Mutton you boil 
 With Sauce of vile Capers, that Mutton you '11 spoil ;
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 169 
 
 Some omnivorous Cormorants have such an 
 ever-craving Appetite, that they are raging 
 with hunger as soon as they open their Eyes, 
 and bolt half a dozen hard Eggs before 
 they are well awake; Others are so per- 
 fectly restored by that " chief nourisher in 
 Life's feast," Balmy Sleep, that they do not 
 think about Eating, tillthey have been up 
 and actively employed for several hours. 
 
 And tho', as you think, to procure good Digestion, 
 A mouthful of Cheese is the best thing in question : 
 " In Gat h do not tell, nor in Askalon blab it, 
 You're strictly forbidden to eat a Welsh Rabbit" 
 And Bread, " the main staff of our life," son;e will 
 
 call 
 No more nor no less, than " the worst thing of 
 
 air- 
 See THE LADY'S Address to Willy Cedogan in his 
 Kitchen, 4to. 1771. 
 
 Some Minute Philosopher has published an 8vo. 
 pamphlet of 56 pages ! on the omnipotent " virtues of 
 a Crust of Bread eaten early in the morning fasting !.'" 
 We have no doubt it is an admirable Specific for that 
 grievous disorder of the Stomach called Hunger. 
 I
 
 170 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 The strong Food, which the strong action 
 of strong bodies requires would soon de- 
 stroy weak ones, if the latter attempt to 
 follow the example of the former, instead 
 of feeling invigorated, their Stomachs will 
 be as oppressed, as a Porter is with a load 
 that is too heavy for him, and, under the 
 idea of swallowing what are called strength- 
 ening nourishing things, will very soon 
 make themselves ready for the Undertaker. 
 
 Some people seem to think, that the more 
 plentifully they stuff themselves, the better 
 they must thrive, and the stronger they must 
 grow. 
 
 It is not the quantity that we swallow, 
 but that which is properly digested, which 
 nourishes us. 
 
 A Moderate Meal well digested, renders 
 the body vigorous, glutting it with super- 
 fluity, (which is only turned into excrement 
 instead of aliment, and if not speedily eva- 
 cuated,) not only oppresses the System, but 
 produces all sorts of Disorders.
 
 PE?T1C PRECEPTS. 171 
 
 Some are continually inviting Indigestion, 
 by eating Water-cresses, or other undressed 
 Vegetables*, " to sweeten their Blood," or 
 Oysters " to enrich it." Others fancy their 
 Dinner cannot digest till they have closed 
 the orifice of their Stomachs with a certain 
 portion of Qheese, if the preceding Dinner 
 has been a light one, a little bit of Cheese 
 after it may not do much harm, but its 
 character for encouraging concoction is un- 
 deserved, there is not a more absurd Vulgar 
 Error, than the often quoted proverb, that 
 
 " Cheese is a surly Elf, 
 
 Digesting all things, but itself." 
 
 A Third never eats Goose, &c. without re- 
 membering that Brandy or Cayenne is the 
 Latin for it. 
 
 A much less portion of Stimulus is neces- 
 sary after a hearty meal of califactive ma- 
 
 * Are very crude indigestible materials for a weak 
 Stomach, unless warmed by (No. 372); with the 
 assistance of which, and plenty of Pepper, you may eat 
 even Cucumber with impunity. 
 
 i2
 
 172 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 terials, such as good Beef or Mutton than 
 after a maigre Dinner of Fish, &c. 
 
 Another Vulgar Error in the school of Good 
 Living, is, that " Good eating requires Good 
 drinking." Good eating generally implies 
 high seasoned Viands, the savoury Herbs, 
 and stimulating Spices with which these 
 Hant-Gouts are sprinkled and stuffed, &c. 
 are sufficient to encourage the digestive fa- 
 culties to work " con amore" without any 
 " douceur" of Vinous irrigation, but many 
 persons make it a rule, after eating Pig, &c. 
 to take a glass of Liqueur, or Eau de Vie, &c. 
 
 or, as when used in this manner, it would 
 be as properly called, " eau de mort." 
 
 INDIGESTION, or, to use the term of the 
 day, A BILIOUS ATTACK, as often arises 
 from over-exertion, or ANXIETY OF MIND, 
 
 as from refractory Food; it frequently 
 produces FLATULENCE*, and flatulence 
 
 * DR. RADCLIFFE, who succeeded better hy speak- 
 ing plainly to his Patients, than some of his successors 
 have by the most subtle Politeness, when asked what
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 173 
 
 produces Palpitation of the Heart ; which is 
 most difficult to stop, when it comes on 
 about an hour or two after a Meal ; the 
 Stomach seems incapable of proceeding in 
 its business, from being over-distended with 
 wind, which pressing on the Heart and larger 
 vessels, obstructs the Circulation : as soon 
 as this flatulence is dispelled, all goes well 
 again : inflating the Lungs to the utmost, 
 i. e. taking in as much breath as you can, 
 and holding it as long as you can, will some- 
 times act as a counterbalance, and produce 
 relief. 
 
 This is the first thing to do when this dis- 
 tressing Spasm attacks you, if it is not 
 immediately checked ; take a strong Pepper- 
 mint, or Ginger Lozenge, (see page 99,) sit, 
 
 was the best Remedy for Wind in the Stomach, replied, 
 " That which will expel it quickest " inquiring of the 
 Ventose subject whether the Wind passedper Ascensum, 
 vel per Descvnsum, observing, that the former is the 
 most aggravated state of Ventriloquism, the latter a 
 sign that the Bowels are recovering their Healthful 
 Tone.
 
 174 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 or if possible lie down and loosen all liga- 
 tures; the horizontal posture and perfect 
 quiet are grand Panaceas in this disorder ; 
 if these do not soon settle it, drink some 
 stimulus : sometimes a teacupful of Hot water, 
 with a teaspoonful of common salt in it, will 
 suffice, or a couple of glasses of Wine, 
 or one of Brandy in one of hot water : either 
 of these will generally soon restore sufficient 
 energy to the Stomach, to enable it to expel 
 the enemy that offends it, and set the circu- 
 lation to work freely again. If these means 
 are not immediately efficacious, take half an 
 ounce of Tincture of Rhubarb in a quarter 
 pint of hot water, or three or four 
 Peristaltic Persuaders, with half a pint of 
 hot water. 
 
 If this complaint comes on when the 
 Bowels are costive, they must be put into 
 motion as speedily as possible, by some of 
 the means recommended in the following 
 pages. 
 
 It will sometimes come on during the
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 175 
 
 collapsed state of the system, from FASTING 
 TOO LONG. 
 
 Those who take no Food between an early 
 BREAKFAST and a late DINNER, for 
 fear, as they term it, of spoiling the latter 
 meal, generally complain of Flatulence, 
 Languor, Lowness of Spirits, &c. (and those 
 who are troubled by a Cough, have often a 
 paroxysm of it,) for the hour or more before 
 Dinner ; and Heartburn, 8cc. after it : 
 the former arising from fasting too long, the 
 latter from indulging an Appetite so over 
 excited, that a Baron of Beef, a Pail of 
 Port Wine, and a Tubful of Tea, will hardly 
 satisfy it. 
 
 The languor of Inanition, and the fever 
 of Repletion, may be easily avoided by eating 
 a LUNCHEON, solid and nutritive, in pro- 
 portion as the DINNER is protracted, and 
 the activity of the Exercise to be taken in 
 the mean-time. 
 
 The oftener you eat, the less ought to be 
 eaten at a time ; and the less you eat at a 
 time, the oftener you ought to eat : a weak
 
 176 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 Stomach has a much better chance of digest- 
 ing two light meals, than one heavy one. 
 
 The Stomach should be allowed time to 
 empty itself, before we fill it again. 
 
 There is not only a considerable difference 
 in the digestibility of various Foods, 
 but also of the time required by different 
 Stomachs to digest them the sign of which, 
 is the return of Appetite. 
 
 The digestion of Aliment is perfect, and 
 quickly performed, in proportion to the 
 keenness of our Appetite at the time of 
 taking it more or less perfect Mastication 
 and the vigorous state of the organs of 
 Digestion, as a general rule, the interval 
 of Fasting should seldom be less than three, 
 nor more than five hours*, Digestion 
 
 * " My Stomach digests food so slowly, that I cannot 
 study for five or six hours after a very sparing dinner." 
 SPALLANZANI on Digestion, 4 - c., vol. i. p. 280. 
 
 " If the quantity of Food be given, its Quality will 
 cause a difference in the time of digesting ; for instance, 
 slimy and viscid meats are longer in digesting in the 
 Stomach than meats of a contrary nature ; the flesh of 
 some young animals is not so soon digested as the flesh
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 177 
 
 being generally completed within that 
 time. 
 
 of the same animals arrived at their full growth; thus 
 Veal and Lamb are not so soon digested as Beef and 
 Mutton. 
 
 " A man who took a vomit every second night for 
 some months, observed, that when he had taken 
 CHICKEN for Dinner, he always threw it up undigested, 
 but never threw up any of his Food undigested when 
 he made his Dinner of Beef or Mutton" BRYAN 
 ROBINSON on the Food and Discharges of Human 
 Bodies, 1748, p. 95. 
 
 Beef and Mutton seem to give less trouble to the 
 Editor's Stomach than any kind of Poultry. 
 
 The following is copied from Dr. Scudamore on Gout, 
 2d Edition, p. 509, being some of the Experiments 
 related by Mr. Astley Cooper in his lecture delivered at 
 the Royal College of Surgeons in 1814, which have only 
 been published in Dr. S.'s book, who informs us, they 
 were performed upon Dogs, with a view to ascertain 
 the comparative solvent power of the gastric juice upon 
 different articles of food. 
 
 " Experiment 5. 
 
 Food. Form. Quantity. Animal killed. D^estion. 
 
 Cheese. Square. 100 pints. 4 hours. 76. 
 
 Mutton. - 65. 
 
 Pork. 36. 
 
 Veal. 15. 
 
 Beef. 11. 
 
 i5
 
 178 THE ART OF IiN VIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 The Fashion of A. D. 1820 has introduced 
 a much longer fast (" a windy recreation," 
 as father Paul assures the lay brother) than 
 even the elasticity of robust Health can 
 endure, without distressing the adjustment 
 of the System, and creating such an over- 
 excited appetite, that the Stomach does not 
 feel it has had enough, till it finds that it 
 has been crammed too much*. 
 
 " Experiment 6. 
 
 Food. Form. Quantity. Animal killed. Dig'estidn, 
 
 Beef. Long & Nar. 100 pints. 2 hours. 0. 
 
 Rabbit. 0. 
 
 Cod Fish. 74. 
 
 " Experiment 9. 
 
 RoastVeal Do. 100 pints. 2 hours. 7. 
 
 Boiled do. Do. 30. 
 
 * " Those who have weak stomachs, will be better 
 able to digest their food, if they take their meals at 
 regular hours; because they have both the stimulus 
 of the aliment they take, and the periodical habit 
 to assist digestion." DARWIN'S Zoonomia, vol. i. 
 p. 454. 
 
 " We often tease and disorder our Stomachs by fast- 
 ing for too long a period, and when we have thus brought 
 on what I may call a discontented state of the organ, 
 unfitting it for its office, we set to a meal, and fill it to
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 179 
 
 " When Hunger* calls, obey, nor often wait 
 Till hunger sharpen to corrosive pain; 
 For the keen appetite will feast beyond 
 What nature well can bear." 
 
 This important truth we would most 
 strongly press on the consideration of Those 
 who attend our COURTS OF LAW, and PAR- 
 LIAMENT. 
 
 Many industrious Professional men, in 
 order to add a few pounds to their Income 
 in a few years are quite worn out from 
 their digestive faculties being continually 
 disordered and fretted for want of regular 
 supplies of Food ; and sufficient Sleep. 
 
 An Egg boiled in the shell for five minutes, 
 or Les Tablettes de Bouillon (No. 252), and a 
 bit of Bread, is a convenient provision against 
 
 its utmost, regardless of its powers or its feelings." 
 ABERNETHY'S Surg. Obs. p. 70. 
 
 * " A Philosopher being asked what was the bett 
 time to dine, answered, For a Rich man, when he 
 could get a Stomach ; for a Poor man, when he could 
 get Meat."
 
 180 THE AKT OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 the former the Siesta (see page 94) is the 
 best Antidote for the latter. 
 
 The sensation of Hunger arises from the 
 Gastric juices acting upon the coats of the 
 Stomach how injurious it must be to fast 
 so long, that by neglecting to supply it with 
 some alimentary substance which this fluid 
 was formed to dissolve, the Stomach be- 
 comes in danger of being digested itself! ! ! 
 
 Those who feel a gnawing, as they call it, 
 in their Stomach, should not wait till the 
 stated hour of dinner, but eat a little forth- 
 with, that the Stomach may have something 
 to work upon. 
 
 By too long Fasting. Wind accumulates in 
 the Stomach, especially of those who have 
 passed the meridian of Life and produces 
 a distressing Flatulence Languor Faint- 
 ness Giddiness Palpitation of the Heart, 
 &c. 
 
 If the Morning has been occupied by 
 anxiety in Business, or the Mind or Body is 
 fatigued by over-exertion these symptoms-
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 181 
 
 will sometimes come on about an hour or 
 two before the usual time of Dining, well 
 masticating a bit of Biscuit, and letting a 
 strong Peppermint Lozenge (see page 99) 
 dissolve in the mouth as soon as you feel the 
 first symptoms of Flatulence, will often 
 pacify the Stomach, and prevent the increase 
 of these complaints. 
 
 DR. WHYTT, whose observations on 
 Nervous Disorders, (like this work), are 
 valuable, inasmuch as they are the authentic 
 narrative of his own Experience says, page 
 344, " When my Stomach has been weak, 
 after I have been indisposed, I have often 
 found myself much better for a glass of 
 Claret and a bit of bread, an hour or more 
 before Dinner, and I have ordered it in the 
 same way to others, and again in the evening, 
 an hour or more before Supper, with ad- 
 vantage." 
 
 There is no doubt of the propriety of DR. 
 W.'s prescription, the Editor's own feelings 
 bear witness to it. For those who are just
 
 182 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 recovering from Diseases which have left 
 them in a state of great Debility, a glass of 
 Wine and a bit of Bread, or a cup of good 
 Beef Tea, (see page 96) are perhaps as good 
 TONICS as any, they not only remove 
 Languor, but at the same time furnish Nutri- 
 ment. 
 
 We have known weak Stomachs, when 
 kept fasting beyond the time they expected, 
 become so exhausted they would refuse to 
 receive any solid Food, until restored to 
 good temper, and wound up by some 
 Wine, or other stimulus as Instinct pro- 
 posed. 
 
 Feeble Persons, who are subject to such 
 sudden attacks, should always travel armed 
 with a Pocket Pistol charged with a couple 
 of glasses of White Wine, or, " Veritable 
 Eau de Vie" a Biscuit, and some strong 
 Peppermint or Ginger Lozenges, or see " Ta- 
 blettes de Bouillon (No. 252) : when their 
 Stomach is uneasy from emptiness, &c. 
 these crutches will support the Circulation,
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 183 
 
 and considerably diminish, and sometimes 
 entirely prevent the distressing effects which 
 Invalids suffer from too long a Fast*. 
 
 * " When four hours be past, after Breakfast, a man 
 may safely taste his Dinner, the most convenient 
 time for dinner, is about eleven of the clocke before 
 noone, in 1570, this was the usual time of serving it 
 in the University of Oxford, elsewhere about noone, 
 
 it commonly consisted of boyled biefe, with pottage, 
 bread and beere, and no more, the quantity of biefe 
 was in value an halfe-penny for each mouth, they 
 supped at five of the clocke in the Afternoon." Vide 
 COGAN'S Haven of Health, 1534, p. 187. 
 
 Early hours were as Gentee.1 in Dr. Cogan's time, as 
 late ones are now, 1821. 
 
 " Perhaps none of our Old English customs have 
 undergone so thorough a change, as the hours of rising, 
 
 taking refreshment the number of meals per day 
 and the time of retiring to rest. 
 
 " The stately dames of Edward IV.'s Court, rose with 
 the Lark, despatched their dinner at eleven o'clock in 
 the forenoon, and shortly after eight were wrapt in 
 slumber. How would these reasonable people (reason- 
 able at least in this respect) be astonished could they 
 but be witnesses to the present distribution of time 
 among the Children of Fashion ! Would they not call
 
 184 THE ART OP INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 What a contrast there is between the ma- 
 terials of the morning meal A.D. 1550, when 
 Queen Elizabeth's Maids of Honour began 
 the day with a Round of Beef , or a Red 
 Herring, and aftaggon of Ale and in 1821. 
 when the Sportsman, and even the day- 
 Labourer, breakfast on what Cooks call 
 " Chinese Soup," i. e. Tea. 
 
 SWIFT has jocosely observed, such is the 
 
 the perverse conduct of those who rise at one or two, dine 
 at eight, and retire to bed when the morning is un- 
 folding all its glories, and nature putting on her most 
 pleasing aspect, absolute insanity!'." WARNER'S 
 Antiq. Cut. p. 134. 
 
 " The modern hours of eating are got to an excess 
 that is perfectly ridiculous. Now, what do people get 
 by this ? If they make Dinner their principal Meal, 
 and do not wish to pall their appetite by eating before 
 it they injure their health. Then in Winter they 
 have two hours of candlelight before Dinner, and in 
 Summer they are at table during the pleasantest part of 
 the Day; and all this, to get a LONG MORNING, 
 for Idle People, to whom one would suppose the shortest 
 morning would seem too Long." PYE'S Sketches, 12mo. 
 1797, p. 174.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 185 
 
 extent of modern Epicurism, that "the World* 
 must be encompassed before a Washerwoman 
 can sit down to Breakfast," i. e. by a voyage 
 to the East for Tea, and to the West for 
 Sugar. 
 
 In THE NORTHUMBERLAND HOUSEHOLD 
 BOOK for 1512, we are informed that" 
 Thousand Pounds was the, sum annually ex- 
 pended in Housekeeping, this maintained 
 166 Persons, and the Wheat was then 
 5s. 8d. per quarter. 
 
 " The Family rose at six in the morning, 
 my Lord and my Lady had set on their 
 Table for BREAKFAST, at Seven o'clock in 
 the morning, 
 
 A quart of Beer, 
 
 * Mr. Peck, Grocer, &c., No. 175, Strand, has printed 
 a very ingenious chart of the " Geographic de la Gour- 
 mundise" '' A Map of the four quarters of the World, 
 intended to show the different parts from whence all 
 the articles in his catalogue are imported." See also 
 " CARTE GASTROXOMIQUE DE LA FRANCE," prefixed to 
 that entertaining work, " COURS GASTRONOMIQUE," 
 8vo. 1809.
 
 186 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 A quart of Wine, 
 Two pieces of Salt Fish, 
 Half a dozen Red Herrings, 
 Four White ones, and 
 A Dish of Sprats ! ! ! 
 
 They DINED at Ten SUPPED at Four 
 in the afternoon, The Gates were all shut 
 at nine, and no further ingress or egress 
 permitted." See pages 314 and 318. 
 But now, A. D. 1821, 
 
 " The Gentleman who dines the latest 
 Is, in our Street, esteemed the greatest : 
 But surely greater than them all, 
 Is he who never Dines* at all." 
 
 DINNERS at Night, 
 
 AND 
 
 SUPPERS in the Morning, 
 A few Cautionary Hints to Modern Fashionables. 
 
 The Ancients did delight, forsooth, 
 To sport in allegoric Truth ; 
 
 " A Wag, on being told it was the fashion to dine 
 later and later every day, said, He supposed it would 
 end at last in not dining till to-morrow ! ! "
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 187 
 
 Apollo, as we long have read since, 
 Was God of Music, and of Med'cines. 
 In Prose, APOLLO is the Sun, 
 And when he has his course begun, 
 The allegory then implies 
 'Tis Time for wise men to arise; 
 For ancient sages all commend 
 The morning, as the Muses friend ; 
 But modern Wits are seldom able 
 To sift the moral of this fable ; 
 But give to Sleep's oblivious power 
 The treasures of the morning hour, 
 And leave reluctant, and with Pain, 
 With feeble nerve, and muddy Brain, 
 Their favorite couches late at noon, 
 And quit them then perhaps too soon, 
 Mistaking by a sunblind sight 
 The Night for Day and Day for Night. 
 Quitting their healthful guide Apollo, 
 What fatal follies do they follow ! 
 Dinners at night and in the Morn 
 Suppers, serv'd up as if in scorn 
 Of Nature's wholesome regulations, 
 Both in their Viands and Potations. 
 Besides, Apollo is M. D. 
 As all Mythologists agree,
 
 188 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 And skill'd in Herbs and all their virtues, 
 
 As well as Ay ton is, or Curtis. 
 
 No doubt his excellence would stoop 
 
 To dictate a Receipt for Soup, 
 
 Show as much skill in dressing Salad, 
 
 As in composing of a Ballad, 
 
 'Twixt Health and Riot draw a line, 
 
 And teach us How and When to dine. 
 
 The Stomach, that great Organ, soon, 
 
 If overcharg'd, is out of tune, 
 
 Blown up with Wind that sore annoys 
 
 The Ear with most unhallow'd noise ! ! 
 
 Now all these Sorrows and Diseases 
 
 A man may fly from if he pleases ; 
 
 For rising early will restore 
 
 His powers to what they were before, 
 
 Teach him to Dine at Nature's call, 
 
 And to Sup lightly, if at all ; 
 
 Teach him each morning to preserve 
 
 The active brain, and steady nerve; 
 
 Provide him with a share of Health 
 
 For the pursuit of fame, or wealth; 
 
 And leave the folly of Night Dinners 
 
 To Fools and Dandies, and Old Sinners !!!" 
 
 That distressing interruption of the Cir-
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 189 
 
 culation, which is called " NIGHTMARE," 
 " Globus Hystericus," " Spasms," " Cramp," 
 or " Gout," in the Stomach, with which few 
 who have passed the Meridian of Life *, are 
 
 * " It is at the commencement of Decline, i. e. about 
 our 40th year, that the Stomach begins to require pe- 
 culiar care and precaution. People who have been 
 subject to Indigestions before, have them then more 
 frequent and more violent; and those who have never 
 been so afflicted, begin to suffer them from slight causes : 
 a want of attention to which too frequently leads to the 
 destruction of the best constitutions, especially of the 
 studious, who neglect to take due exercise. The remedy 
 proposed is Ipecacuanha, in a dose that will not occa- 
 sion any nausea; but enough to excite such an increased 
 action of the vermicular movement of the stomach, 
 that the phlegm may be separated and expelled from 
 that organ. 
 
 " The effects of it surpassed his most sanguine hopes : 
 by the use of it, notwithstanding he had naturally a 
 delicate constitution, he weathered the storms of the 
 Revolution," &c., and lived to be 84. 
 
 The above is an extract from Dr. BUCHAN'S transla- 
 tion of Mr. DAUBENTON'S Observations on Indigestion. 
 This treatise brought Ipecacuanha Lozenges into fa-
 
 190 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 so fortunate as not to be too well acquainted, 
 we believe to arise from the same causes 
 which in the day produce Palpitation of the 
 Heart. 
 
 The Editor is now in his forty-third year, 
 and has been from his youth occasionally 
 afflicted with both these disorders ; some- 
 times without being able to imagine what 
 has produced them : sometimes he has not 
 been attacked with either of these complaints 
 for many months ; they have then seized him 
 for a week or more, and as unaccountably 
 ceased. 
 
 THE NIGHTMARE has generally come on 
 about three o'clock in the morning, at the 
 termination of the first, or rather at the com- 
 mencement of the second sleep; quite as 
 often when he has taken only a liquid or 
 very light supper, as when he has eaten 
 
 shion, as the most easy and agreeable manner of taking 
 it : they contain about one-sixth of a grain, and are 
 prepared and sold by SAVORY and MOORE, Chemists, in 
 Bond Street.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 191 
 
 some solid food, and gone to bed soon after ; 
 and most frequently after he has Dined* 
 out : not from the quantity, but the quality 
 of the food and drink he has taken, the 
 change of the time of taking it. The fatigue 
 attending his performance of Amphytrion 
 at his own table, has also occasionally pro- 
 duced it. 
 
 It appears to be occasioned by want of 
 Action in the System, being generally pre- 
 ceded by Languor (which, if not removed, 
 may proceed to produce Palsy or Death,) 
 caused either by depression of the power of 
 
 * Delicate people, who are accustomed to dine at a 
 certain hour, on certain food, &c., are generally de- 
 ranged as often as theydine out, and change the hour, &c. 
 
 The Editor has a patient who never Dines out without 
 suffering severely for several days after not from 
 over-eating or drinking, &c., but from the change of 
 Diet, and the time of taking it. His habit is to make a 
 hearty meal off one dish at Five o'clock, and drink with 
 it some good heartening home-brewed Beer, and two 
 or three glasses of Wine that has not been kept till it 
 has lost its best qualities.
 
 192 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 the Heart by anxiety, obstruction of the 
 peristaltic motion by the oppression of indi- 
 gestible matter, or interruption of the per- 
 formance of the Restorative Process. 
 
 It is certainly not to be prevented by Ab- 
 stinence, for during the time that the Editor 
 was trying the effect of a spare diet, he was 
 most frequently afflicted with it. See Obs. 
 on SLEEP, &c. It is only to be relieved by 
 Stimulants, and in an extreme case by 
 quickly acting Aperients, 8cc. See following 
 pages. 
 
 Some persons are peculiarly subject to it 
 when they lie on their back, others if on 
 their left side : when the Editor has any 
 disposition to this malady, it is certainly 
 exasperated if he lays upon his right side, 
 especially during the first part of the Night, 
 it is a good Custom to lay one half of the 
 Night on one side, and the other half on the 
 other. 
 
 When this appalling pause of the Circula- 
 tion takes place he wakes, with the idea
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 193 
 
 that another minute of such suspended action 
 will terminate his Existence : his first re- 
 course is to force the action of the Lungs* 
 by breathing as quick and as deep as pos- 
 sible. He feels very languid, and to pre- 
 vent a return of the fit, drinks a couple of 
 glasses of White Wine, or half a wine-glass 
 of Brandy, in a wine-glass of Peppermint 
 Water. 
 
 Sometimes the Disorder does not ter- 
 minate with one paroxysm, but recurs as 
 soon as Sleep returns: when this is the 
 case, get half a tumbler of Hot Water, add 
 to it a wine-glass of Peppermint Water, and 
 half that quantity of Tincture of Rhubarb, or 
 fifty drops of Sal Volatile, or both. 
 
 The symptom of security from a repetition 
 of the Fit, is a vermicular sensation, betoken- 
 ing that the peristaltic motion, and the Cir- 
 culation is restored to its regular pace again. 
 
 His belief that many sudden and unac- 
 countable Deaths in the night have arisen 
 from Invalids not knowing how to manage
 
 194 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 this Disorder, induces the Editor to relate 
 his own personal experience concerning it 
 and the Remedies which he has found effec- 
 tual to remove it. 
 
 " Non ignara mali, miseris succurrere disco." 
 
 The case is very similar to what Dr. WH YTT 
 relates of himself, in his Observations on 
 Nervous, Hysteric, and Hypochondriac Dis- 
 orders, 8vo. 1767* ; by which, Dr. CULLEN, 
 
 * Dr. W. says : " When the Stomach is in a sound 
 state, and Digestion is properly performed, the spirits 
 are good, and the Body is light and easy ; but when 
 that organ is out of order, a languor, debility, discon- 
 tent, melancholy watchfulness, or troublesome dreams, 
 the nightmare, &c. are the consequences. I have often 
 been seized with a slight Incubus, attended with a 
 faintness, as if the circulation was a good deal ob- 
 structed, before I was fully asleep, which has made me 
 get up suddenly : while I lay awake I felt nothing of 
 these symptoms, except some degree of uneasiness about 
 my stomach; but when I was just about to fall asleep, 
 they began to return again." " In this way I have 
 gone on for two or three hours or more, in the beginning 
 of the night. At last, I found that a dram of Brandy, 
 after the first attack, kept me easy the whole night,"
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 195 
 
 in p. 10 of his Clinical Lectures, says, " he 
 has done more than all his predecessors." 
 
 Mr. WALLER has written a very sensible 
 Essay on the Nightmare those who are 
 much afflicted with it, cannot lay out 3s. 6d. 
 better, than in buying his book 12mo. 1816. 
 He says, " it most frequently proceeds from 
 acidity in the Stomach, and recommends 
 Carbonate of Soda, to be taken in the Beer 
 
 p. 312. " When affected with uneasy sensation from 
 wind, I have not only been sensible of a general debility 
 and flatness of spirits, but the unexpected opening of a 
 door, or any such trifling unforeseen accident, has in- 
 stantly occasioned an odd sensation about my heart, 
 extending itself to my head and arms, &c. At other 
 times, when my stomach is in a firmer state, I have no 
 such feeling: at least, in a very small degree, from 
 causes which might be thought more apt to produce 
 them. Fainting, Tremors, Palpitations of the Heart, 
 convulsive motions, and all those disorders which are 
 called nervous, &c. &c. are often owing more to the 
 infirm state of the first passages, than to any fault either 
 in the Brain or Heart," p. 132, &c. 
 
 Dr. Whytt died A. D. 1766, in his 52d year. 
 K2
 
 196 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 you Drink at dinner." He tells us " he de- 
 rived his information, as to the cause, and 
 cure of this distressing disorder, from a per- 
 sonal acquaintance with it for many years." 
 
 How devoutly it is to be wished that 
 all Authors would follow good old SYDEN- 
 HAM and Mr. WALLER'S example, and 
 give us a register of the progress of those 
 chronic complaints which they have them- 
 selves been afflicted with, and the regimen, 
 &c. which they have found most effectual to 
 alleviate and cure them; and, instead of 
 what they think, write only what they 
 know, as the pains-taking SANCTORIUS 
 SPALLANZANI BRYAN ROBINSON, 
 and the persevering and minutely accurately 
 observing Dr. STARK have in their Dieteticat 
 Experiments, 
 
 Dr. WHYTT has immortalized himself by 
 the candid relation of his own infirmities, 
 and his circumstantial account of the Regi- 
 men, &c. which enabled him to bear up 
 against them, which forms the most va-
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 197 
 
 luable collection of observations on Nervous 
 Complaints, that experience and liberality 
 have yet presented to the public. 
 
 One page of PERSONAL EXPERIENCE, is 
 worth folios of theoretic Fancies, or Clinical 
 Cases, which can only be illuminated by the 
 twilight of conjecture : they may be faith- 
 ful narratives of the accounts given by Pa- 
 tients, yet, as these are very often imposed 
 upon by their imagination attributing effects 
 to very different causes than those which 
 produce them, they are often very inaccurate 
 deductions. 
 
 THE DELICATE AND THE NERVOUS, will 
 derive the greatest advantage from keeping 
 a Register of their Health, they should 
 note, and avoid whatever disagrees with them, 
 and endeavour to ascertain, what kind and 
 quantity of Food Exercise Occupation 
 and Pleasures, &c. are most agreeable to 
 their constitution, and take them at those 
 regular periods which appear most convenient 
 to them. However this advice may excite
 
 198 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 the smiles of those who are swelling " in all 
 the pride of superfluous Health," such me- 
 thodical movements will considerably im- 
 prove the enjoyment, and prolong the life of 
 the Valetudinary and the Aged : for whom, 
 Instinct is the best Guide in the choice of 
 Aliment. 
 
 None but the most obstinately ignorant 
 Visionary, would dream of laying down ab- 
 solute Rules * for governing the caprice and 
 
 * " Physicians appear to be too strict and particular 
 in their rules of diet and regimen ; too anxious attention 
 to those rules hath often hurt those who were well, and 
 added unnecessarily to the distresses of the sick. 
 Whether meat should be boiled or roasted, or dressed 
 in any other plain way, and what sort of vegetables 
 should be eaten with it, I never yet met with any person 
 of common sense (except in an acute illness) whom I 
 did not think much fitter to choose for himself, than I 
 was to determine for him." DR. HEBERDEN on Diet. 
 
 " When the Stomach is weak, it seems particularly 
 necessary that our food should be nutritive and easy of 
 digestion. 
 
 " I may further observe, that its qualities should be 
 adapted to the feelings of the stomach.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 199 
 
 whims of the infirm Stomachs of Crazy Vale- 
 tudinarians. Codes of Dietetics* are almost 
 useless, the suggestions of Reason are 
 often in direct opposition to the desires of 
 Appetite. 
 
 In most matters regarding the adjustment 
 of that supreme organ of existence, the 
 
 " In proof of this proposition, numerous instances 
 might be mentioned of apparently unfit substances 
 agreeing with the Stomach, being digested and even 
 quieting an irritable state of the stomach, merely 
 because they were suitable to its feelings. Instances 
 might also be mentioned of changes in Diet producing 
 a tranquil and healthy state of stomach in cases where 
 medicines had been tried in vain." ABERNETHY, Surg. 
 Obs. p. 68. 
 
 * " A Fool, or a PHYSICIAN at Forty, is an adage 
 containing more truth than is commonly believed. 
 He who has not by that time learned to observe the 
 causes of self-disorder shows little signs of wisdom; 
 and He who has carefully noted the things which create 
 disorder in himself, must by his own experience possess 
 much knowledge, that a Physician at a pop visit ought 
 not to pretend to.'' Domestic Management, 1813, 
 p. xxxvi.
 
 200 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 STOMACH, " honest Instinct* comes a 
 Volunteer." Ventriloquism seldom falls to 
 
 * " GRILLUS, who, according to the doctrine of 
 Transmigration, (as Plutarch tells us) had, in his turn, 
 been a BEAST, discourses how much better he fed and 
 lived then, than when he was turned to MAN again, as 
 knowing then what food was best and most proper for 
 him, which Sarcophagists (flesh-eaters) in all this time 
 were yet to seek." EVYLYN'S Acelana, 12mo. 1699, 
 p. 86. 
 
 " Instinct than Reason makes more wholesome Meals." 
 
 YOUNG. 
 
 " My Appetite is in several things of itself happily 
 enough accommodated to the health of my Stomach ; 
 whatever I take against my liking does me harm ; but 
 nothing hurts me that I eat with appetite and delight." 
 Vide honest MONTAIGNE'S Essay on Experience, 
 book iii. chap. xiii. 
 
 " The Stomach gives information when the supplies 
 have been expended, and represents with great exactness 
 the quantity and quality of whatever is wanted in the 
 present state of the machine, and, in proportion as it 
 meets with neglect, rises in its demand, and urges its 
 petition with a louder voice." DR. WM. HUNTER'S 
 Introductory Lecture, 4to. p. 81. 
 " Take Food in proportion to the quantity of nou-
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 201 
 
 make out a fair title, to be called " unerring." 
 A due respect to the suggestions of Instinct, 
 
 rishment contained in it, of which the Stomach appears 
 from Instinct to be capable of judging." J. HUNTER 
 on the Animal Economy, 4to. p. 221. 
 
 " Prompted by Instinct's never erring power, 
 Each creature knows its proper aliment, 
 Directed, bounded by this power within, 
 Their cravings are well aimed ; Voluptuous Man, 
 Is by superior faculties misled ; 
 Misled from pleasure even in quest of Joy." 
 
 ARMSTRONG'S Art of Preserving Health. 
 " Our stomach is, in general, a pretty good Judge of 
 what is best for it, thousands have perished for being 
 inattentive to its calls for one who has implicitly 
 obeyed them." DR. SMITH'S Guide in Sickness, 8vo. 
 p. 59. 
 
 " In every case wherein we wish to preserve strength, 
 (as in most chronical complaints) we should be ex- 
 tremely cautious in prescribing a rigid regimen, 
 especially if it is intended to be long continued." 
 " Things disagreeable to the palate, seldom digest well, 
 or contribute to the nourishment of the Body." FAL- 
 CONER on Diet, pp. 7, and 8. 
 
 " What is most grateful to the Palate, sits most easy 
 on the Stomach." AD AIR on Diet, p. 28. 
 K6
 
 202 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 every Invalid will find highly advantageous, 
 natural longing has frequently pointed out 
 F OO( J by which Acute Diseases have been 
 cured, when the most consummate medical 
 skill was at fault, and Life at its lowest ebb. 
 
 It is needless to insist upon the importance 
 of Diet and Regimen in Chronic Disorders. 
 
 Be content with ONE* Dish, from want 
 of submission to this salutary rule of Tem- 
 
 " LONGINGS directed by the pure guidance of IN- 
 STINCT, and not arising merely from opinion, may not 
 only be satisfied with Impunity, but generally be in- 
 dulged in with advantage." WITHERS on the Abuse 
 of Medicine, 8vo. p. 233. 
 
 * " As to the quality of food, although whatever is 
 easy of digestion, singly considered, deserves the pre- 
 ference, yet regard must be had to the palate and to 
 the appetite, because it is frequently found, that what 
 the Stomach earnestly covets, though of difficult di- 
 gestion, does nevertheless digest better than what is 
 esteemed of easier digestion if the Stomach nauseates 
 it: I am of opinion the patient ought to eat only of one 
 dish at a meal." SYDENHAM ore Gout. 
 
 " Every Animal but Man keeps to one dish Herbs
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 203 
 
 perance as many men dig their Grave 
 with their Teeth, as with the Tankard; 
 DRUNKENNESS is deplorably destructive, 
 but her demurer sister GLUTTONY destroys 
 an hundred to her one. 
 
 Instinct speaks pretty plainly to those 
 whose instruments of Digestion are in a de- 
 licate state and is an infinitely surer guide 
 than any Dietetic rules that can be con- 
 trived. 
 
 That the Food which we fancy most 
 generally sits easiest on the Stomach is a 
 fact which the experience of almost every 
 individual can confirm. 
 
 The functions of Digestion go on merrily 
 when exercised by Aliment which the Sto- 
 mach asks for they often labour in vain 
 when we eat merely because it is the usual 
 
 are the food of this species Fish of that and Flesh 
 of a third." SPECTATOR, No. 95. 
 
 " Be content with one dish at a meal, in the choice 
 of that consult your palate." MANDEVILLE on Hypo- 
 chondriasis, p. 316.
 
 204 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 hour of Dining or out of necessity, to 
 amuse the Gastric juices, and " lull the 
 grinding stomach's hungry rage." 
 
 To affirm that any thing is wholesome, or 
 unwholesome, without considering the sub- 
 ject in all the circumstances to which it bears 
 relation, and the unaccountable peculiarities 
 of different Constitutions, is, with submis- 
 sion, talking nonsense. 
 
 Let every Man consult his Stomach ; to 
 eat and drink such things and in such quan- 
 tities as agree with that perfectly well, is 
 wholesome for him, whilst they continue to do 
 so* : that which satisfies and refreshes us, 
 and causes no uneasiness after, may safely be 
 taken in moderation whenever the Appetite 
 is keen whether it be at Dinner or Supper. 
 
 What we have been longest used to, is 
 most likely to agree with us best. 
 
 " It is surprising how much the condition and dis- 
 position of the Stomach and Intestines will vary in the 
 same person at different times." WHYTTOM the Nerves, 
 p. 127.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 205 
 
 The wholesomeness, &c. of all Food, de- 
 pends very much on the quality of it and 
 the way in which it is cooked. 
 
 Those who are poor in Health, must live 
 as they can ; certainly the less Stimulus any 
 of us use the better, provided it be sufficient 
 to properly carry on the Circulation: I 
 sometimes hold it lawful to excite Appetite 
 when it is feeble by Age, or debilitated by 
 Indisposition. 
 
 Those Stimuli which excite the circulation 
 at the least expense of nervous irritation 
 and afford the greatest quantity of nutri- 
 ment, must be most acceptable to the Sto- 
 mach, when it demands restorative diet. 
 
 A healthful impetus may be given to the 
 System by a well seasoned Soup, or a re- 
 storative Ragout, at half the expense to the 
 machinery of Life, than by the use of those 
 Spirituous Stimuli which fan a feverish 
 fire exciting action without supplying the 
 expenditure of the principle producing it 
 and merely quicken the circulation for a few 
 minutes, without contributing any material
 
 206 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 to feed the Lamp of Life which, if it be 
 originally or organically defective or is 
 impaired by Time or Disease will some- 
 times not burn brightly, unless it be supplied 
 with the best oil, and trimmed in the most 
 skilful manner. 
 
 Good Mock Turtle, see (No. 246, or 247 *,) 
 will agree with weak stomachs surprisingly 
 well ; so will that made by BIRCH in Cornhill, 
 and by KAY at Albion House, Aldersgate 
 Street. This excellent Soup, is frequently 
 ordered for Dyspeptic patients, by the senior 
 Physician to one of the largest hospitals in 
 this Metropolis : as a man of science and 
 talent, certainly in as high estimation as any 
 of his cotemporaries. 
 
 Ox-tail Soup (No. 240,) Giblet Soup 
 (No. 244,) and (No. 87,) and (No. 89,) 
 (No. 489,) and (No. 503,) are very agreeable 
 extempore Restoratives, so easy of di- 
 gestion, that they are a sinecure to the 
 Stomach, and give very little trouble to the 
 chylopoietic organs those whose Teeth are 
 defective and those whose Circulation is
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 207 
 
 below par, will find them acceptable Foods. 
 " Experto crede," the reader will remember 
 Baglivi's chapter " de Idolis Medicorum" 
 wherein he tells us, that " Physicians always 
 prescribe to others, what they like them- 
 selves." The learned MANDEVILLE has 
 favoured us with five pages on the incom- 
 parably invigorating virtues of Stock Fish ! ! 
 a kind of Cod which is dried without being 
 salted. See pages 316, &c. of his Treatise 
 on Hypochondriasis. 
 
 The best Answers, to all inquiries about 
 The Wholesomes, are the following Questions ; 
 tf Do you like it?" " Does it agree with 
 you?" " then eat in moderation, and you 
 cannot do very wrong." 
 
 Those who have long lived luxuriously, 
 to be sufficiently nourished, must be regu- 
 larly supplied with Food that is nutritive, 
 and Drink that is stimulating*, Spice and 
 
 * " Many people, to be sufficiently nourished, must 
 be supplied with food exceedingly stimulating." 
 STRUVE'S Asthenology, 8vo. 1801, p. 280.
 
 208 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 Wine, are as needful to the " BON VIVANT" 
 of a certain Age as its Mother's Milk, is 
 to a NEW-BORN BABE. 
 
 The decrease of the energy of Life arises 
 from the decrease of the action of the organs 
 of the Body especially those of Digestion, 
 which in early life is so intense and perfect, 
 that a Child, after its common unexcitant 
 meal of Bread and Milk, is as hilarious and 
 frolicsome as an Adult person is after a 
 certain quantity of Roast Beef and Port. 
 
 The infirm stomachs of Invalids, require 
 a little indulgence* like other bad in- 
 
 * " Whosoever dreameth that no Sick Man should 
 be allured to meat, by delightful and pleasant Sauces, 
 seemeth as froward and fantastical as He that would 
 never whet his knife. 
 
 " Why hath nature brought forth such variety of 
 Herbs, Roots, Spices, &c. fit for nothing but Sauces, 
 &c. but that by them, the Sick should be allured to 
 feed. 
 
 " Abstinence is as dangerous, as Fulness and Satiety 
 is inconvenient." DR. MOFFETT on Foods, 12mo. 
 1746, p. 343.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 209 
 
 struments, they often want oiling, and 
 screwing, and winding up and adjusting 
 with the utmost care, to keep them in tole- 
 rable order; and will receive the most 
 salutary Stimulus, from now and then 
 making a full meal of a favourite dish. This 
 is not a singular notion of my own, though 
 it may not exactly agree with the fastidious 
 fancy of Dr. Sangrado's disciples, that 
 Starvation and Phlebotomy, are Sovereign 
 Remedies for all Disorders. 
 
 Those philanthropic Physicians, Dr. Diet, 
 Dr. Quiet, and Dr. Merryman, hold 
 the same doctrine as the Magnus Coquus 
 i. e. the Author of " the Cook's Oracle," to 
 whose culinary skill we have been so repeat- 
 edly indebted in the composition of this work. 
 
 As excessive Eating and Drinking is cer- 
 tainly the most frequent cause of the dis- 
 orders of the Rich, so privation is the 
 common source of complaints among the 
 Poor; the cause of the one, is the cure 
 of the other but where one of the latter
 
 210 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 dies of Want, how many thousands of the 
 former are destroyed by Indigestion ! 
 
 If strong Spices and savoury Herbs excite 
 appetite they (in an increased ratio,) ac- 
 celerate the action of the Bowels and hurry 
 the food through the alimentary canal, too 
 rapidly to allow the Absorbents to do their 
 work properly. 
 
 Salt is the most salubrious and easily 
 obtainable relish which Nature has given 
 us to give sapidity to other substances ; and 
 has this advantage over all other Sauces, 
 that if taken to excess it carries its remedy 
 with it in its Aperient quality. 
 
 We suspect that most mischief is done by 
 the immoderate and constant use of the 
 Common Condiments. We have seen some 
 puritanical folks, who are for ever boasting 
 that They never touch MADE DISHES, &c. 
 (one would suppose they had the Tongue of 
 Pityllus*,} so be-devil every morsel they put 
 
 * " This gentleman had so cold a Stomach, (saith 
 Suidas,} that he made a sheath for his Tongue, that he
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 211 
 
 into their Mouth with PEPPER, and 
 MUSTARD, &c. that they made their common 
 food ten times more piquante than the burn- 
 gullet Bonne Bouche of an eastern Nabob, or 
 a Broiled Devil, enveloped in " veritable 
 Sauce d'Enfer." See (No. 355 and 538). 
 
 We do not condemn the moderate use 
 of Spices, but the constant and excessive 
 abuse of them, by which the papillary 
 nerves of the tongue become so blunted, 
 that in a little time they lose all relish for 
 useful nourishing food, and the Epicure 
 is punished with all the sufferings of in- 
 cessant and incurable Indigestion, per- 
 turbed Sleep and the horrors of the 
 Night-Mare, &c. &c. However, enough has 
 been written by a thousand cautionists, to 
 convince any rational creature of the advan- 
 tage resulting to both the Body and the 
 Mind from a simple and frugal fare: 
 
 might swallow down his Pottage scalding hot ; yea, I 
 myself have known a Shropshire Gentleman of the like 
 quality." Dr. MUFFETT on Food, 4to. 1655, p, 287.
 
 212 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 the great secret of Health and Longevity 
 is to keep up the sensibility of the 
 Stomach. 
 
 No Regimen * can be contrived that will 
 suit every body. 
 
 * " The Chyle appears to be of the same nature, from 
 whatever aliment it has been extracted ; if the medical 
 people in different countries were questioned, each 
 would probably approve of the diet used in their own 
 and would find plausible arguments to prove its supe- 
 riority, with numerous and admirable examples among 
 their countrymen in support of their theory. 
 
 " An Englishman would probably be of opinion that 
 wheat-bread, and a large portion of animal food, gives 
 the strongest and most substantial nourishment. 
 
 " An Irishman, or a Scotsman, would probably main- 
 tain that a small portion of animal food, with plenty 
 of potatoes and oatmeal, is far better adapted to form a 
 vigorous and hardy race. The Laplanders live almost 
 entirely upon Animal food the Hindoos, Gentoos, &c. 
 never taste any thing but Vegetables." MOORE'S 
 Mat. Med. p. TO. 
 
 " In the course of a few years, the produce of several 
 acres of land, a number of large oxen, and many tuns of 
 liquor, are consumed by one individual ; whilst he con-
 
 PEPTIC PRKCEPTS. 213 
 
 " Try all the bounties of this fertile Globe, 
 There is not such a salutary Food 
 As suits with every Stomach." 
 
 Dr. ARMSTRONG'S Art of Preserving 
 Health, book ii. line 120. 
 
 " I knew a black servant of Mr. Pitt, an 
 Indian Merchant in America, who was fond 
 
 tinues nearly the same, whether he drinks the pure 
 stream, or beverage the most skilfully compounded ; 
 whether he feeds on a variety of articles produced from 
 the animal and vegetable kingdom, or confines himself 
 to one particular substance; and whether his food is 
 prepared in the most simple manner, or by the most 
 refined and artificial modes that luxury has invented." 
 Code of Health, vol. i. p. 402. 
 
 Facts relative to Diet, " Dr. B. Franklin, of Phi- 
 ladelphia, informed me that he himself, when a 
 journeyman printer, lived a fortnight on bread and 
 water, at the rate of ten pennyworth of bread per week, 
 and that he found himself stout and hearty with this 
 diet." 
 
 " By Sir John Pringle I was told that he knew a lady 
 now 90 years of age, who eat only the pure fat of 
 meat." 
 
 4< Dr. Cirelli says, that the Neapolitan Physicians fre-
 
 214 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 of SOUP made of RATTLE SNAKES, in 
 which the Head, without any regard to the 
 Poison, was boiled along with the rest of 
 the animal." Dr. G.FORDYCE, on Digestion, 
 &c.8vo. 179J,p. 119. 
 
 No food is so delicious that it pleases all 
 palates, nothing can be more correct than 
 the old adage, " one man's meat is another 
 man's poison." 
 
 It would be as difficult for a Laplander, 
 or an earth-eating Ottomaque, to convince 
 our good citizens that Train Oil, and gutter- 
 mud, is a more elegant relish than their 
 favourite Turtle as for the former to fancy 
 that Kay or Birch's Soup can be as agreeable 
 as the Grease and Garbage which custom 
 has taught them to think delicious. 
 
 quently allow their patients in fevers, nothing but water 
 for forty days together." Dr. STARK, on Diet, tfc. 
 4to. 1788, p. 92, a work well worth the purchase of 
 any person curious upon this subject. As is also 
 Dr. BRYAN ROBINSON, on Food and Discharges of 
 Human Bodies.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 
 
 " Man differs more from Man 
 
 Than Man from Beast." COLMAN. 
 
 Cehus* very sensibly says, that " a healthy 
 man, under his own government, ought not 
 to tie himself up by strict rules, nor to 
 abstain from any sort of food ; that he 
 ought sometimes to fast, and sometimes 
 to feast." Sanis, sunt omnia Sana. 
 
 When the Stomach sends forth eructant 
 signals of distress, for help against Indi- 
 gestion, the Peristaltic Persuaders (see the 
 end of this Essay) are as agreeable and 
 
 * " A constant adherence to one sort of Diet, may 
 have bad effects on any Constitution. Nature has pro- 
 vided a great Variety of Nourishment for Human 
 Creatures, and furnished us with Appetites to desire, 
 and Organs to digest them. 
 
 " An unerring Regularity is almost impracticable, 
 and the swerving from it, when it has grown habitual, 
 dangerous ; for every unusual thing in a human body 
 becomes a stimulus, as Wine or Flesh Meat to one iiot 
 used to them; therefore Celsus's Rule, with proper 
 moral restrictions, is a good one." ARBUTHNOT on 
 Aliment, pp. 218 and 219.
 
 216 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 effectual assistance as can be offered; and 
 for delicate Constitutions, and those that 
 are impaired by Age or Intemperance, are a 
 valuable Panacea. 
 
 They derive, and deserve this name, from 
 the peculiar mildness of their operation*. 
 One or two very gently increase the action 
 of the principal viscera, help them to do 
 their work a little faster, and enable the 
 Stomach to serve with an ejectment what- 
 ever offends it, and move it into the 
 Bowels. 
 
 Thus Indigestion is easily and speedily 
 removed, Appetite restored, (the mouths 
 of the absorbing vessels being cleansed) Nu- 
 trition is facilitated, and Strength of Body, 
 and Energy of Mind f, are the happy results. 
 
 * A PILL is the mildest form of administering Me- 
 dicine, because of its gradual solution in the Stomach, 
 and the same quantity of the same material, taken in a 
 draught, produces a very diiferent effect. 
 
 t " He that would have a clear Head, must have a 
 clean Stomach. 1 ' CHEYNE on Health, p. 34.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 217 
 
 If an immediate operation be desired, take 
 some Tincture of Rhubarb as a Pill is the 
 most gentle and gradually operating form for 
 a drug a Tincture in which it is as it were 
 ready digested, is the most immediate in its 
 action. 
 
 To MAKE TINCTURE OF RHUBARB. 
 Steep three ounces of the best Rhubarb 
 (pounded) and half an ounce of Carraway 
 Seeds, (pounded) in a bottle of Brandy, for 
 ten days. A table-spoonful in a wine-glass 
 of hot water will generally be enough. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Senna, has been 
 recommended, especially to those who have 
 accustomed themselves to the use of spi- 
 rituous Liquors and high living. Several 
 similar preparations are sold under the name 
 of Daffy's Elixir or as much EPSOM SALT, 
 in half a pint of hot water, as experience has 
 informed you, will produce one motion, a 
 Tea-spoonful (i, e. from one to two drachms) 
 will generally do this especially if it be 
 taken in the morning, fasting, i, e. at least 
 half an hour before Breakfast.
 
 218 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 The best way of covering the taste O/SALT, 
 is to put a lump of Sugar and a bit of thin- 
 cut Lemon Peel* into the hot water, for a 
 few minutes before you stir the Salt into it, 
 to which you may add a few grains of 
 grated Ginger. 
 
 EPSOM SALT is a very speedy laxative, 
 often operating within an hour, does the 
 business required of it with great regularity, 
 and is more uniform in what it does, 
 and when it does it, than any Aperient ; 
 ten minutes after you have taken it, en- 
 courage its operation by drinking half a 
 pint, or more, of warm water weak Broth 
 Tea thin Gruel (No. 572), with some 
 
 * Quintessence of Lemon Peel, (No. 418). Best oil 
 of Lemon, one drachm, strongest rectified Spirit, two 
 ounces, introduced by degrees, till the spirit kills and 
 completely mixes with the oil. This elegant and useful 
 preparation, possesses all the delightful fragrance and 
 flavour of the freshest Lemon Peel for which you will 
 find it a satisfactory substitute. A few drops on the 
 Sugar you make Punch with, will instantly impregnate 
 it with as much flavour as the troublesome and tedious 
 method of rubbing the sugar on the rind.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 219 
 
 salt and butter in it or Soda Water 
 (No. 481.*) See Index. 
 
 " Nil tarn ad sanitatem, et longevitatem con- 
 ducit, quam crebra et domestic^ purgationes." 
 LORD BACON. i. e. " Nothing contri- 
 
 o 
 
 butes so much to preserve Health, and pro- 
 long Life, as frequently cleansing the ali- 
 mentary canal with gentle laxatives." 
 
 We perfectly agree with Lord Bacon, and 
 believe that in nine cases out of ten, for 
 which TONIC MEDICINES are administered, 
 Peristaltic Persuaders will not only much 
 more certainly improve Appetite, but in- 
 vigorate the Constitution ; by facilitating 
 the absorption of nutriment, which, in 
 aged and debilitated people, is often pre- 
 vented by the mouths of the vessels being 
 half closed by the accumulation of viscid 
 mucus, &c. 
 
 APERIENT MEDICINE does enough, if it 
 increases the customary Evacuation, and 
 does too much, if it does more, than 
 excite one additional motion. 
 
 Bowels which are forced into double action 
 
 L2
 
 220 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 to-day must, consequently, be costive to- 
 morrow, and Constipation will be caused 
 by the remedy you have recourse to to 
 remove it, this has given rise to a Vulgar 
 Error, that the use of even the mildest 
 Laxative is followed by Costiveness. 
 
 Rhubarb is particularly under this pre- 
 judice, because it has been more fre- 
 quently employed as a domestic remedy, 
 and unadvisedly administered in either too 
 little, or too large a Dose. It has, however, 
 been recommended by a Physician of acknow- 
 ledged Ability, and extensive Experience. 
 
 " If the Bowels are constipated, they 
 should be kept regular by a Pill of Rhubarb 
 of five grains every morning." PEMBERTON 
 on the Abdominal Viscera, p. 113. 
 
 People are often needlessly uneasy about 
 the Action of their Bowels. If their general 
 Health is good, and they have neither Head- 
 ach nor other deranged sensations, and they 
 live temperately, during the second period 
 of Life, whether they have two motions 
 in one day, or one in two days, perhaps is
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 221 
 
 not of much consequence; however, that 
 the Alvine Exoneration should take place 
 regularly is certainly most desirable ; 
 especially after Thirty-Five years of age*, 
 when the elasticity of the machinery of Life 
 begins to diminish. 
 
 To acquire a Habit of Regularity, Mr. 
 LOCKE, who was a Physician as well as a Phi- 
 losopher, advises that " if any person, as soon 
 as he has breakfasted, would presently solicit 
 nature, so as to obtain a stool, he might in 
 time, by a constant application, bring it to be 
 habitual." He says " I have known none who 
 have been steady in the prosecution of this 
 plan, who did not in a few months obtain the 
 desired success." On Education, p. 23, &c. 
 
 " It is well known that the alvine evacua- 
 tion is periodical, and subjected to the 
 
 * " I have observed that in mature Age, and in the 
 decline of Life, symptoms which are attributed to pre- 
 vious irregularities, to idiosyncracy, to hereditary dispo- 
 sition, to disease, and to approaching old age, frequently 
 arise from Constipation of the Bowels." HAMILTON 
 on Purgative Medicines, 1806, p. 7.
 
 222 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 power of habit ; if the regular call is not 
 obeyed, the necessity for the evacuation 
 passes away ; and the call being again and 
 again neglected, habitual costiveness is the 
 consequence." HAMILTON on Purgatives, 
 p. 72. 
 
 It will facilitate the acquirement of this 
 salutary evacuation, to take at night 
 such a dose of an Aperient medicine, as 
 Experience has pointed out, as just suffi- 
 cient to assist nature to produce a Motion 
 in the Morning. 
 
 HABITUAL COSTIVENESS is not curable 
 by Drugs alone, and is most agreeably 
 corrected by Diet and Regimen, those most 
 important, and only effectual, although much 
 neglected (because little understood) means 
 of permanently alleviating Chronic Com- 
 plaints, for which 
 
 " Coquina est optima Medicina." 
 
 Strong Constitutions are generally Costive*, 
 
 * " Astriction of (he Belly is commonly a sign of 
 strong Chylopoetick Organs." ARBUTHNOT on Aliment, 
 p. 24.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 223 
 
 that perfect and vigorous action of the 
 absorbents, which is the cause of their 
 strength, is also the cause of their Con- 
 stipation : 
 
 " Oportet sanorum, sedes esse figuratas." 
 
 This ought to make them content, but 
 the Constipated are for ever murmuring 
 about a habit which, if managed with 
 moderate care, is the fundamental basis 
 of Health and Long Life. A little attention 
 to Regimen will generally prevent it a 
 simple Laxative will suffice to remove it 
 and neither will be often necessary, for those 
 who observe a deobstruent Diet take 
 proper Exercise in a pure Air sufficient 
 liquid Food and eat freely of Butter, Salt, 
 and Sugar. 
 
 The peculiarity of most Constitutions is 
 so convenient, that almost all Costive per- 
 sons by attending to the effects which 
 various things produce upon their Bowels 
 may find, in their usual Food and Drink,
 
 224 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 the means of persuading their sluggish 
 Viscera to vibrate with healthful celerity. 
 
 A SUPPER or BREAKFAST of thin Gruel, 
 (No. 572,) with plenty of Butter and Salt in it, 
 ripe Fruits, particularly Grapes*, Oranges, 
 Strawberries, Raspberries, Mulberries, 
 Marmalade, Honey, Treacle, roasted 
 A pples, stewed Prunes, Figs, Raisins, 
 Tamarinds, French Plumbs, &c. ; will 
 almost always produce the desired effect. 
 
 Two or three strong Cinnamon or Ginger 
 Lozenges, (see page 234,) gradually dissolved 
 in the mouth when the Stomach is empty, 
 will act as an Aperient on many persons. 
 
 * Beautiful and full ripe Hot-house Grapes may be 
 procured in the greatest perfection at the Fruit Shops 
 in Covent Garden, almost all the year round and the 
 Editor has frequently given them to delicate women, 
 who have been afflicted with feverish complaints, to the 
 quantity of a Pound per day, with the most satisfactory 
 effect they were extremely grateful in cooling their 
 parched mouths, and at once most agreeably and effec- 
 tually supplied the place of both Saline Draughts and 
 Aperient Medicine.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 225 
 
 SALAD OIL is a very pleasant Peristaltic 
 Persuader : by the following means it may 
 be introduced (as a supper) to the most, 
 delicate Stomach, without any offence to 
 the most fastidious Palate. 
 
 Put a table-spoonful of Sherry into a wine- 
 glass on this a table-spoonful of Olive Oil 
 
 on this another table- spoonful of Sherry 
 or rub together a table-spoonful or two of 
 Oil, with the yolk of an Egg boiled hard, 
 (No. 547,) add a little Vinegar and Salt to 
 it, and eat it at Supper as a Sauce to a 
 Salad (No. 138*) of Mustard and Cresses, 
 or Lettuce, Radishes, Button Onions, 
 Celery, Cucumber, &c. ; or cold boiled 
 Asparagus, Brocoli, Cauliflower, Car- 
 rot, or Turnip, Kidney or French Beans, 
 
 or Pease ; or Pickled Salmon, (No. 161,) 
 Lobster, (No. 176,) Shrimps, Herrings, Sprats, 
 (No. 170*,) or Mackarel, (No. 168,) or as 
 a Sauce to cold Meat, &c. 
 
 You may give it an infinite variety of 
 agreeable flavours ; the ingredients to pro- 
 
 L5
 
 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 duce which are enumerated in ^o. 372) of 
 " THE COOK'S ORACLE." 
 
 Hypochondriac people are fond of taking- 
 Medicine at certain times, the spring and 
 fall^ at the full or the new Moon, &c. 
 whether they want it or not. For those in 
 Health to attempt to improve it by taking 
 Physic, is absurd indeed. Remember the 
 epitaph on the Italian Count 
 
 " I was well 
 Wished to be better 
 Took Physic and died." 
 
 Hypochondriasis Spleen Vapours 
 the Blue Devils the Bile Nervous De- 
 bility, &c. are but so many different names 
 for those Disorders which arise either from 
 CHRONIC WEAKNESS of the Constitution 
 or an inconsiderate management of it. A 
 
 Bf 
 
 man who has a strong stamina will bear 
 irregularities with impunity which will soon 
 destroy a more delicate frame. 
 
 We do not laugh at the melancholy of 
 the Hypochondriac, or consider his Com-
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 227 
 
 plaints as merely the hallucinations of un 
 Malade Imaginaire; but trace the cause of 
 them to either some Indigestion interrupting 
 the functions of the Alimentary Canal 
 which a gentle Aperient would immediately 
 remove or the ineffective performance of 
 the Restorative Process insufficiently nu- 
 tritive Diet or depression of the vital and 
 animal functions from anxiety or over- 
 exertion of either the Mind or the Body : 
 which nothing but Rest and nutritive Food 
 can repair. 
 
 The Editor of this little treatise has had 
 from his Youth to bear up against an highly 
 irritable nervous system, the means he has 
 found useful to manage and support it, he is 
 now recording for the benefit of other Ner- 
 vous Invalids. 
 
 WE advise our Friends never to call in 
 even the gentle aid of Peristaltic Persuaders, 
 but when Instinct absolutely insists upon
 
 228 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 it some of the Indications of which are, 
 " A disagreeable taste in the Mouth 
 Eructations Want of Appetite Sensa- 
 tions of distention in the Stomach and 
 Bowels Pains in the Stomach or Head 
 Vertigo Feverishness Restlessness 
 Peevishness," &c. but these will often dis- 
 appear by taking a liquid meal, instead 
 of a solid one, or using more exercise, 
 will often answer the purpose. Mr. Jones 
 very sensibly observes, " if people will by 
 no means rest from constantly tampering 
 with laxatives, instead of using exercise, the 
 habit of using the Lavement every evening 
 cannot be so destructive, as it irritates only 
 twelve inches of intestine, and spares raking 
 down the other thirty-nine feet ." See Med. 
 Vul. Errors, p. 44. 
 RELAXED Bow ELS* are often extremely 
 
 * " People who have Relaxed Bowels have seldom 
 strong thoughts or strong bodies." LOCKE on Educa- 
 tion, sec. 23. 
 
 " The cure for relaxed Nerves (the source of all
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 229 
 
 unmanageable, and difficult to regulate 
 and are the principal cause of that Chronic 
 Weakness which is so generally complained 
 of, and of many other distressing Nervous 
 Disorders. 
 
 If the Bowels are unfaithful to the Sto- 
 mach, and, instead of playing fair, let go 
 their hold of the " Pabulum Vitae," before 
 the Absorbents have properly performed the 
 process which that grand organ has prepared 
 for them Nutrition will be deficient ; and 
 Flatulence, &c. &c. Giddiness, Spasms, 
 Head-ache, and Back-ache, and what 
 are called Bilious and Nervous Disorders, 
 and all the Diseases incident to Debility, 
 will attack you on the slightest cause. 
 
 Those who are afflicted with a relaxation 
 of the Bowels, are advised to a Dry diet, 
 
 chronic disorders) must necessarily begin at the Sto- 
 mach. He who attempts to cure a Nervous distemper 
 without Firm Bowels labours in vain ; for it is im- 
 possible that the Constitution of those who have 
 Slippery Bowels should ever be braced." CHEYNE 
 on Long Life, p. 107.
 
 230 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 rather than a Liquid one, and must submit to 
 a Regimen diametrically contrary to that we 
 have recommended to cure Constipation. 
 
 " Since I lessened my Drink I have been 
 much more costive than I was before, and 
 have for two years past freed myself from a 
 Diarrhoea. Costiveness generally attends 
 dry food in other animals as well as men." 
 B. ROBINSON, on Food and Discharges, 
 p. 82 and 64. 
 
 Live principally upon Animal Food suffi- 
 ciently cooked, and Stale Bread, or biscuit ; 
 instead of Malt liquor (unless it be very 
 mild and good Homebrewed Beer, which 
 is the best of all Beverages) drink Beef- 
 Tea, (No. 563), or well made Toast and 
 Water* (No. 463*), with about one-fourth 
 
 * " To make TOAST AND WATER. Cut a bit of the 
 upper crust of Bread, about twice the thickness Toast 
 is usually cut toast it carefully, till it be completely 
 browned all over, but not at all blackened or burnt : 
 put this into a jug, and pour upon it as much boiling 
 water as you wish to make into drink cover the jug 
 let it stand till cold. The fresher made the better. 
 06s. A roll of fresh thin cut Lemon Peel or dried
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 231 
 
 part of Wine, and a little Sugar and grated 
 Nutmeg or Ginger in it; if the Stomach 
 be troubled with Acidity, or great Flatulence, 
 one-eighth part of Brandy may agree with it 
 better : whatever You eat and drink should 
 he Warmed. See page 94 on Siesta, and 
 page 158. 
 
 Be watchful of the effects of the Food 
 which you take, avoid whatever appears 
 to irritate, and eat only that which experience 
 has proved acceptable. 
 
 IRRITABLE BOWELS are excited to incon- 
 veniently increased action by any thing that 
 the Stomach has either not the ability, or 
 the inclination, to prepare for them, and 
 Diarrhea is the consequence. 
 
 The easiest and most effectual method of 
 
 Orange Peel, infused with the Bread, is a grateful 
 addition, and makes a very refreshing Summer drink 
 arid when the proportion of the fluids is destroyed by 
 profuse perspiration, may be drank plentifully. Let a 
 large jug be made early in the day, it will then become 
 warm by the heat of the Air, and may be drank freely 
 with impunity; cold Water fresh drawn from a well 
 cannot without danger."
 
 232 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 restoring tranquillity in the Bowels is to 
 be content with a light diet of Gruel, Broth, 
 or Fish, &c. till the return of a keen Appetite 
 assures you, that the Stomach has recovered 
 its powers, and being ready for action, re- 
 quires its usual supply of solid food. 
 
 When the Bowels get a trick of emptying 
 themselves too often, a teaspoonful of 
 Compound Powder of Chalk in your Tea, 
 or a wine-glassful of the following mixture, 
 taken twice or thrice a day, will generally 
 cure them of it very speedily : 
 
 R Chalk mixture, six ounces. 
 
 Tincture of Cinnamon (No. 416*), one ditto. 
 
 Opiate Confection, one drachm. 
 Mixed together. 
 
 If Diarrhoea continues obstinate, more 
 powerful Astringents* may be necessary. 
 
 * Dr. Pemberton recommends the following Bolus : 
 R Kino. pulv. 9j. 
 
 Confect. Opiat. gr. xii. 
 Misc. Fiat bolus, ter quotidie sumendus. 
 See his Observations on the Diseases of the Abdominal 
 Viscera, 8vo. 1807, p. 140.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 233 
 
 TINCTURE OF CINNAMON (No. 416*) is 
 one of the best cordial tonics see also 
 (No. 569) and (Nos. 413 8c 15.) 
 
 OPIUM LOZENGES, containing a quarter 
 of a grain each, and strongly flavoured with 
 Oil of Peppermint, are recommended to those 
 who are troubled with relaxed Bowels. 
 
 STRONG PEPPERMINT LOZENGES are 
 the most convenient portable carminative : 
 as soon as they are dissolved, their in- 
 fluence is felt from the beginning, to the end 
 of the Alimentary Canal; they dissipate 
 flatulence so immediately, that they well 
 deserve the name of Vegetable JEther ; and 
 are recommended to SINGERS* AND PUBLIC 
 SPEAKERS, as giving effective excitement 
 
 * Here followed, in the first Edition, some Observa- 
 tions on Singing. See page 98 of this hook But 
 most of them are taken out, and will shortly be published 
 by Messrs. Hurst and Robinson, No. 90, Cheapside, 
 as part of the Prefatory matter of " THE EKGI.ISH 
 MELODIES," selected by the Author of this work, from 
 the Library of Wm. Kitchiner, M.D.
 
 234 THE AKT OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 to the organs of the Voice, as a support 
 against the distressing effects of fasting too 
 long and to give energy to the Stomach 
 between meals. 
 
 N. B. Sixty different sorts of Lozenges, are 
 made in the most superlative manner, by 
 Mr. Smith, Fell Street, Wood Street, Cheap- 
 side. 
 
 His Rose Jujubes are a very elegant 
 preparation, which those who have not a re- 
 markably Sweet Breath, are recommended to 
 take the last thing at night, and the first in 
 the morning the breath smells faintest 
 when the Stomach is emptiest. 
 
 His Mellifluous Aromatics are so delicately 
 flavoured, they moisten the mouth and throat 
 without cloying the Palate, Stomach, &c., 
 which is more than can be said of most 
 Lozenges.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 235 
 
 To make FORTY PERISTALTIC 
 
 PERSUADERS. 
 Take, 
 
 Turkey Rhubarb, finely pulverized, two drachms. 
 Syrup (by weight) one drachm. 
 Oil of Carraway, ten drops (minuras). 
 Made into Pills, each of which will contain Three 
 Grains of Rhubarb. 
 
 THE DOSE OF THE PERSUADERS must 
 be adapted to the constitutional peculiarity 
 of the Patient : when you wish to accelerate 
 or augment the Alvine Exoneration take 
 two, three, or more, according to the effect 
 you desire to produce two Pills will do as 
 much for one person as Jive or six will for 
 another ; they generally will very regularly 
 perform what you wish to-day, without 
 interfering with what you hope will happen 
 to-morrow; and are, therefore, as conve- 
 nient an argument against Constipation as 
 any we are acquainted with. 
 
 The most convenient opportunity to introduce 
 them to the Stomach is early in the Morning,
 
 236 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 when it is unoccupied, and has no parti- 
 cular business to attend to, i. e. at least half 
 an hour before Breakfast. 
 
 Physic should never interrupt the Stomach, 
 when it is engaged in digesting Food per- 
 haps the best time to take it, is when you 
 awake out of your first Sleep or as soon as 
 you awake in the morning. Moreover, such 
 is the increased sensibility of some Stomachs 
 at that time, that half the quantity of Medi- 
 cine will suffice. 
 
 From two to four Persuaders will generally 
 produce one additional motion within twelve 
 hours. 
 
 They may be taken at any time by the 
 most DELICATE FEMALES, whose Consti- 
 tutions are so often distressed by Constipa- 
 tion*, and destroyed by the drastic purgatives 
 they take to relieve it. See also page 224. 
 
 * " A knowledge how to regulate the alvine evacua- 
 tion, constitutes much of the prophylactic part of 
 Medicine ; hence, how necessary it is to advise those 
 who either wish to preserve good Health, or are in quest
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 237 
 
 Their agreeable flavour recommends them 
 as the most convenient aperient for CHIL- 
 DREN, whose indispositions most frequently 
 arise from obstructions in the Bowels; it 
 is not always a very easy task to prevail upon 
 a spoiled Child to take Physic; therefore 
 we have made our Pill to taste exactly like 
 Gingerbread. 
 
 For INFANTS, too young to swallow a 
 Pill, pound it, and mix it with Currant Jelly, 
 Honey, or Treacle. 
 
 of the lost treasure, to attend to this circumstance." 
 HAMILTON on Purgatives,^. 7. 
 
 " How much it behoves those who have the charge 
 of young people, particularly of the female sex, to impress 
 them with the propriety, nay with the absolute necessity 
 of attention to the regular state of the Bowels ; and to 
 put it in their power, by the use of proper means, to 
 guard against constipation ; and at the same time to 
 watch over them, lest, through indolence, they neglect 
 a circumstance which, promoting in the gay season of 
 youth, the enjoyment of health and happiness, opposes 
 a sure barrier against the inroads of chlorosis, &c., 
 always a distressing, and sometimes a fatal complaint." 
 Ibid. p. 76.
 
 238 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 ON THE FIRST ATTACK OF DISEASE it 
 
 may generally be disarmed by discharging 
 the contents of the Bowels: IN EVERY 
 DISORDER* the main point is carefully to 
 
 * " There are three things which I consider as neces- 
 sary to the cure of disorder. 
 
 " 1st, That the Stomach should thoroughly digest all 
 the food that is put into it. 
 
 " The patient perceiving the necessity of obtaining 
 this end, becomes attentive to his Diet, and observes 
 the effect which the quantity and quality of his food and 
 medicines have upon his feelings, and the apparent 
 powers of his Stomach. 
 
 " 2<%, That the residue of the food should be daily 
 discharged from the Bowels : here, too, the patient, 
 apprised of the design, notes what kind and dose of 
 purgative medicine best effect the intention, and whether 
 it answers better if taken at once, or at intervals. 
 
 " Sdly, That the secretion of Bile should be right, 
 both with respect to quantity and quality. In cases 
 wherein the secretion of Bile has been for a long time 
 deficient or faulty, I recommend unirritating and unde- 
 bilitating doses of Mercury, (i. e. pil. hydrarg.) to be 
 taken every second or third night till the stools become 
 of the wet rhubarb colour." P. 90.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 239 
 
 watch, and constantly to keep up the activity 
 of the Alimentary Canal for want of due 
 attention to this, MILLIONS (especially of 
 Children} HAVE DIED OF MEDICABLE DIS- 
 ORDERS !i 
 
 FOR BILIOUS OR LIVER* COMPLAINTS, 
 (which are now the fashionable names for all 
 those deranged sensations of the Abdominal 
 Viscera which as often arise from the 
 want, as from the excess of Bile and per- 
 haps most frequently from Indigestion} and 
 
 '' Any kind of Brown, which dilution will not convert 
 into yellow, I should consider as unhealthy." P. 36. 
 
 See MR. ABERNETHY'S Surgical Observations. 
 
 * "A popular hypothesis is now very prevalent, which 
 attributes nearly all Diseases to a disturbed state of 
 THE LIVER for which, Mercurial drugs are lavished 
 almost indiscriminately. The folly of expecting to repel 
 this, or any other opinion which is favourable to the 
 natural indolence of mankind, is obvious, especially 
 when it is at the same time upholden by the empirical 
 interests of greedy individuals." A. CARLISLE on Old 
 Age, 2d edit. p. 83.
 
 240 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 for expelling WORMS*, for which it is the 
 fashion to administer Mercury-^ (which, be- 
 cause it is the only remedy for one Disease, 
 people suppose must be a panacea for every 
 disorder) and other drastic mineral medicines, 
 which are awfully uncertain both in their 
 strength and in their operation. 
 
 If, instead of two or three times a week 
 tormenting your Bowels with Corrosive Ca- 
 thartics, Hydragogues, Phlegmagogues, 
 &c., you take one or two gentle PER- 
 SUADERS, twice or thrice a day; they will 
 excite a gradual and regularly increased 
 
 * " It is a dubious question, whether WORMS or the 
 Violent Purgatives which are forced into the human 
 Stomach, by the decisive energy of medical logic, to 
 destroy and expel them, have been most destructive to 
 the human species." WITHERS on the Abuse of Me- 
 dicine, 8vo. 1794, p. 19 and 117. 
 
 t " MERCURY and ANTIMONY, elaborated into 
 Poisons by Chemistry i. e. Calomel, Emetic Tartar, 
 James's Powders, Sac. have torn many a Stomach into 
 rags, so that it could never bear common food after." 
 CADOGAN on Gout, 8vo. 1771, p. 79.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 241 
 
 action of the Viscera restore the tone of 
 the Alimentary tube and speedily and 
 effectually cure the disorder, without injuring 
 the Constitution. 
 
 There is not a more universal or more mis- 
 chievous Vulgar Error, than the notion, that 
 Physic is efficacious, in proportion as it is ex- 
 tremely disagreeable to take, and frightfully 
 violent in its operation, unless a medicine 
 actually produces more Distress in the Sys- 
 tem, than the Disorder it is administered to 
 remove in fact, if the Remedy be not 
 worse than the Disease, the million have 
 no faith in it and are not satisfied that 
 they can be perfectly cured if they escape 
 Phlebotomy, unless put to extreme pain, 
 and plentifully supplied with Black Doses, 
 and drastic Drugs ; they have the best opi- 
 nion of that Doctor who most furiously 
 
 " Vomits Purges Blisters Bleeds, and Sweats 'em." 
 
 To perfectly content them that you have most 
 
 profoundly considered their case, you must 
 
 M
 
 242 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 to such Prescription add a Proscription of 
 every thing they appear particularly partial 
 to!!! 
 
 People who in all other respects appear to 
 be very rational and are apt to try other 
 questions by the rules of Common Sense, in 
 matters relating to their Health, surrender 
 their understanding to the fashion of the 
 Day, and in the present Century, on all 
 occasions take Calomel as coolly as in the 
 last, their Grandfathers inundated their poor 
 Stomachs with Tar-Water. 
 
 TONIC TINCTURE, (No. 569) is 
 
 Peruvian Bark, bruised, one ounce and a half. 
 Orange Peel, do. one ounce. 
 Brandy, or Proof Spirit, one pint. 
 
 Let these ingredients steep for ten days, 
 shaking the bottle every day let it remain 
 quiet two days and then decant the clear 
 liquor. 
 
 Dose one teaspoonful in a wineglass of 
 water, twice a day, when you feel languid
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 243 
 
 *". e. when the Stomach is empty, about an 
 hour before Dinner, and in the Evening. 
 Twenty grains of the Powder of Bark may 
 be added to it occasionally. 
 
 To this agreeable Aromatic Tonic we are 
 under personal obligations, for frequently 
 putting our Stomach into good temper, and 
 procuring us good Appetite and good Di- 
 gestion. 
 
 In low Nervous affections, arising from a 
 languid Circulation and, when the Stomach 
 is in a state of shabby debility from age 
 intemperance, or other causes this is a most 
 acceptable restorative. 
 
 N. B. TEA made with dried and bruised 
 Seville Orange Peel, (in the same manner as 
 common Tea,) and drank with milk and 
 sugar, has been taken for Breakfast by Ner- 
 vous and Dyspeptic persons with great 
 benefit. 
 
 CHJEWING a bit of Orange Peel twice 
 a day when the Stomach is empty, will 
 
 M2
 
 244 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 t 
 
 be found very grateful, and strengthening 
 
 to it 
 
 
 
 STOMACHIC TINCTURES. 
 Two ounces ofCAscARiLLA Bark (bruised) 
 or dried ORANGE PEEL, or COLOMBA 
 ROOT infused for a fortnight in a pint of 
 Brandy, will give you the Tinctures called 
 by those names. 
 
 Dose one or two teaspoonsful in a wine- 
 glass of water. 
 
 - - 
 
 TINCTURE OF CINNAMON, (No. 416*). 
 
 This excellent Cordial is made by pouring 
 a bottle of genuine Cogniac (No. 471) on 
 three ounces of bruised Cinnamon (Cassia 
 will not do). This cordial restorative was 
 more in vogue formerly, than it is now ; 
 a teaspoonful of it, and a lump of Sugar, in 
 a glass of good Sherry or Madeira, with the 
 yolk of an Egg beat up in it was called 
 " Balsamum Vitte."
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 245 
 
 " Cur moriatur homo, qui sumit de Cinnamomo ?" 
 " Cinnamon is verie comfortable to the Stomacke, and 
 the principal! partes of the bodie." 
 
 '* Ventriculum, Jecur, Lienem Cerebrum, neroosque 
 
 juvunt et roborat." " I reckon it a great treasure for 
 
 a student to have by him, in his closet, to take now and 
 
 then a spoonfull." COGAN'S Haven of Health, 4to. 
 
 1584, p. 111. 
 
 Obs. Two teaspoonsful in a wineglass 
 of water are a present and pleasant remedy 
 in Nervous Languors and in relaxations 
 of the Bowels in the latter case five drops 
 of Laudanum may be added to each dose. 
 
 SODA WATER, (No. 481*.) 
 The best way of producing agreeable 
 Pneumatic Punch, as a learned Chemist has 
 called this refreshing refrigerant, is to fill two 
 half-pint Tumblers half full of Water, stir 
 into one 30 grains of Carbonate of Potash, 
 into the other 25 grains of Citric* Acid, 
 
 * The flavour of Coxwell's Citric Acid is much more 
 agreeable than the Tartaric, which, being cheaper, is 
 
 D 
 
 sometimes substituted for it.
 
 246 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 (both being previously finely pounded,) 
 when the powders are perfectly dissolved 
 pour the contents of one tumbler into the 
 other and sparkling Soda Water is instan- 
 taneously produced. 
 
 To make DOUBLE SODA WATER, use 
 double the quantity of the Powder. 
 
 Single Soda Water is a delightful drink in 
 sultry weather and may be very agreeably 
 flavoured by dissolving a little Raspberry or 
 Red Currant Jelly in the Water, (before you 
 add the Carbonate of Potash to it), or a little 
 Tincture of Ginger, (No. 411,) or Syrup of 
 Ginger, (No. 394,) or Syrup of Lemon 
 Peel, (No. 393,) or infuse a roll of fresh 
 and thin-cut Lemon Peel, and a bit of Sugar 
 in the water or rub down a few drops of 
 (No. 408,) with a bit of Lump Sugar, with 
 or without a little grated Ginger; a glass 
 of Sherry or a tablespoonful of Brandy is 
 sometimes added. 
 
 The addition of a teaspoonful of the TONIC 
 TINCTURE (No. 569,) will give you a very
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 247 
 
 refreshing Stomachic and ten drops of 
 Tinct. Ferri Muriati put into the water in 
 which you dissolve the Citric Acid a fine 
 effervescing Chalybeate. 
 
 The day after a Feast, if you feel fevered 
 and heated, you cannot do better than drink 
 a half-pint glass or two of Single Soda 
 Water between Breakfast and Dinner. 
 
 DOUBLE SODA WATER (especially if 
 made with tepid water) is an excellent 
 auxiliary to accelerate the operation of 
 Aperient Medicine and, if taken in the 
 Morning fasting, will sometimes move the 
 Bowels without further assistance. 
 
 If some good Cogniac or Essence of 
 Ginger (No. 411) be added to it, it is one of 
 the best helps to set the Stomach to work 
 and remove the distressing languor which 
 sometimes follows hard drinking. 
 
 ESSENCE OF GINGER, (No. 411). 
 The fragrant aroma of Ginger is so ex- 
 tremely volatile, that it evaporates almost as
 
 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 soon as it is pounded the fine Lemon peel 
 gout flies off presently. 
 
 If Ginger is taken to produce an imme- 
 diate effect to warm the Stomach dispel 
 Flatulence, &c., or as an addition to Aperient 
 Medicine the following is the best pre- 
 paration of it : 
 
 Steep three ounces of 'fresh grated Ginger, 
 and one ounce of fresh Lemon Peel, (cut 
 thin) in a quart of Brandy or Proof Spirit, 
 for ten days, shaking it up each day. 
 
 N. B. TINCTURE OF ALLSPICE, which 
 is sometimes called Essence of Bishop, for 
 making Mulled Wine, fyc. extempore, is pre- 
 pared in the same manner. 
 
 GRUEL, (No. 252). 
 
 1st. Ask those who are to eat it, if they 
 like it THICK or thin; if the latter, mix well 
 together by degrees, in a pint basin, one 
 tablespoonful of Oatmeal with three of cold 
 water; if the former, two spoonsful.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 249 
 
 Have ready, in a Stewpan, a pint of boil- 
 ing water or milk pour this by degrees to 
 the Oatmeal you have mixed return it into 
 the Stewpan set it on the fire and let it 
 boil for five minutes stirring it all the time 
 to prevent the Oatmeal from burning at the 
 bottom of the Stewpan skim and strain 
 it through a Hair Sieve. 
 
 2d. To convert this into CAUDLE add 
 a little Ale Wine or Brandy with 
 Sugar and if the Bowels are disordered, a 
 little Nutmeg or Ginger grated. 
 
 Gruel may be made with Broth* (No. 490,) 
 
 * PORTABLE SOUP, or GLAZE. (No. 252.) Desire 
 the Butcher to break the bones of a Leg or a Shin of 
 Beef, of 10 pounds weight (the fresher killed the 
 better), put it into a Soup-pot (a DIGESTER is the best 
 utensil for this purpose) that will well hold it; just 
 cover it with cold water, and set it on the fire to heat 
 gradually till it nearly boils, (this should be at least an 
 hour); skim it attentively while any scum rises, pour 
 in a little cold water, to throw up the scum that may 
 remain, let it come to a boil again, and again skim it 
 carefully : when no more scum rises, and the broth ap- 
 M 5
 
 250 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 or (No. 252,) or (No. 564,) instead of Water 
 (to make Crowdie, see (No. 205*,) and may 
 
 pears clear, (put in neither Roots nor Herbs nor Salt,) 
 let it boil for eight or ten hours, and then strain it 
 through a hair sieve into a brown stone pan ; set the 
 Broth where it will cool quickly; .put the meat into a 
 sieve, let it drain, make Potted Beef (No. 503), or it 
 will be very acceptable to many poor families. Next 
 day remove every particle of Fat from the top of it, and 
 pour it through a Tammis or fine sieve as quietly as 
 possible into a Stewpan, taking care not to let any of 
 the settlings at the bottom of the stone pan go into the 
 Stewpan, which should be of thick Copper, perfectly 
 well tinned ; add a quarter of an ounce of whole Black 
 Pepper to it, let it boil briskly, with the stewpan 
 uncovered, on a quick fire : if any scum rises, take it 
 off with a skimmer ; when it begins to thicken, and is 
 reduced to about a quart, put it into a smaller stew- 
 pan; set it over a gentler fire, till it is reduced to the 
 thickness of a very thick Syrup ; take care that it does 
 not burn, a moment's inattention now will lose you all 
 your labour, and the soup will be spoiled : take a little 
 of it out in a spoon and let it cool ; if it sets into 
 strong Jelly, it is done enough; if it does not, boil it 
 a little longer, till it does; have ready some little 
 pots, such as are used for Potted Meats, about an inch
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 251 
 
 be flavoured with Sweet Herbs Soup Roots 
 and Savoury Spices by boiling them for a 
 
 and a half deep, taking care that they are quite dry ; 
 we recommend it to be kept in these pots, if it is for 
 home consumption (the less it is reduced, the better 
 is the flavour of the Soup) if it be sufficiently con- 
 centrated to keep for six months; if you wish to 
 preserve it longer, put it into such bladders as are 
 used for German Sausages, or if you prefer it in the 
 form of Cakes, pour it into a dish about a quarter of 
 an inch deep ; when it is cold, turn it out and weigh 
 the Cake, and divide it with a paste-cutter into pieces 
 of half an ounce and an ounce each; place them in a 
 warm room, and turn them frequently till they are 
 thoroughly dried; this will take a week or ten days; 
 turn them twice a day; when well hardened, it' 
 kept in a dry place, they may be preserved for several 
 years in any climate. 
 
 This extract of Meat makes excellent " Tablettes de 
 Bouillon," for those who are obliged to endure long 
 fasting. 
 
 ()bs. The uses of this concentrated Essence of Meat 
 are numerous. It is equally economical and conve- 
 nient for making extempore Broths, Sauces and Gravies 
 for Hashed or Stewed Meat, Game, or Poultry, &c.
 
 252 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 few minutes in the water you are going to 
 make the Gruel with or ZEST (No. 255) 
 
 You may thicken it and flavour it as directed in 
 (No. 329); to make Gravy, Sauces, &c. take double 
 the quantity ordered for Broth. 
 
 If you have time and opportunity, as there is no 
 seasoning in the Soup, either of Roots, Herbs, or 
 Spice, boil an Onion with or without a bit of Parsley, 
 and Sweet Herbs, and a few corns of Allspice, or other 
 Spice, in the water you melt the Soup in, which may 
 be flavoured with Mushroom Catsup (No. 439), or 
 Eschalot Wine (No. 402), Essence of Sweet Herbs 
 (No. 417), Savoury Spice (Nos. 421, or 457), Es- 
 sence of Celery (No. 409), &c. or Zest (No. 255); 
 these may be combined in the proportions most agree- 
 able to the palate of the Eater and are as portable 
 as Portable Soup, for a very small portion will flavour 
 a Pint. 
 
 The Editor adds nothing to the solution of this 
 Soup, but a very little ground Black Pepper and some 
 Salt. 
 
 Mem. THIS PORTABLE SOUP is a most convenient 
 article in Cookery especially in Small Families, where 
 it will save a great deal of time and trouble. It is 
 also Economical, for no more will be melted than is 
 wanted so there is no waste.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 253 
 
 Pea Powder (No. 458) or dried Mint 
 Mushroom Catsup (No. 439) or a few 
 
 A SHIN OF BEEF, weighing nine pounds, and costing 
 Is. 10$d. produced nine ounces of concentrated Soup, 
 sufficiently reduced to keep for several months. After 
 the boiling, the Bones in this joint weighed two pounds 
 and a quarter, and the Meat two pounds and a quarter. 
 
 As it is difficult to obtain this ready-made of good 
 quality and we could not find any proper and circum- 
 stantial directions for making it, which on trial answered 
 the purpose, and it is really a great acquisition to 
 the Army and Navy to Travellers, Invalids, &c. 
 the Editor has bestowed some time, &c. in endeavour- 
 ing to learn and to teach how it may be prepared in 
 the easiest, most economical and perfect manner. 
 
 The ordinary selling price is from 10s. to 12s v but 
 you may make it according to the above Receipt for 
 3s. 6d. per Pound i. e. for 2|rf. per Ounce, which will 
 make you a Pint of Broth. 
 
 Those who do not regard the expense, and like the 
 flavour, may add the lean of Ham, in the proportion of 
 a pound to eight pounds of Leg of Beef. 
 
 It may also be flavoured, by adding to it, at the 
 time you put the Brotli into the smaller Stewpan, 
 Mushroom Catsup, Shallot Wine, Essences of Spice 
 or Herbs, &c.; we prefer it quite plain it is then
 
 254 TE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 grains of Curry Powder (No. 455) or 
 Savoury Ragout Powder (No. 457) or 
 Cayenne (No. 404) or Celery Seed bruised 
 or Soup Herb Powder (No. 459) or an 
 Onion minced very fine and bruised in with 
 the "Oatmeal or a little Eschalot Wine 
 (No. 402) or Essence of Celery (No. 409) 
 
 ready to be converted in an instant into a basin of 
 Beef Tea for an Invalid, and any flavour may be 
 immediately communicated to it by the Magazine of 
 Taste (No. 463.) 
 
 Mutton Chops delicately Stewed, and good Mutton 
 Broth. (No. 490.) Put a Pound of Chops into a 
 stewpan with cold water enough to cover them, and 
 half a pint over, and an Onion, when it is coming to 
 a boil, skim it, cover the pan close, and set it over a 
 very slow Fire till the Chops are tender, if they have 
 been kept a proper time, they will take about three 
 quarters of an hour's very gentle simmering. Send up 
 Turnips with them, (No. 130), they may be boiled with 
 the chops, skim well, and then send all up in a deep 
 dish, with the Broth they were stewed in. 
 
 N. B. The Broth will make an Economist one, 
 and the Meat another wholesome and comfortable 
 meal.
 
 PEPTIC PKECEPTS. 255 
 
 or (No. 413) (No. 417) or (No. 
 420), &c. 
 
 PLAIN GRUEL, such as is directed in the 
 first part of this Recipe, is one of the best 
 Breakfasts and Suppers that we can recom- 
 mend to the rational Epicure ; is the most 
 comforting soother of an irritable Stomach 
 that we know and particularly acceptable 
 to it after a hard day's work of Intemperate 
 Feasting when the addition of half an 
 ounce of Butter, and a teaspoonful of Epsom 
 Salt will give it an aperient quality, which 
 will assist the principal Viscera to get rid of 
 their burden. 
 
 " Water Gruel" (says Tryon in his Obs. 
 on Health, 16mo. 1688, p. 42,) is " the 
 KING of Spoon Meats" and " the QUEEN 
 of Soups," and gratifies nature beyond all 
 others. 
 
 In the " Art of Thriving," 1697, p. 8, are 
 directions for preparing Fourscore Noble and 
 Wholesome Dishes, upon most of which a 
 Man may live excellent well for Twopence a
 
 256 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 day : the author's Obs. on Water Gruel is, 
 that " ESSENCE OF OATMEAL" makes " a 
 noble and exhilarating meal ! " 
 
 Dr. FRANKLIN'S favourite Breakfast was 
 a good basin of warm Gruel, in which there 
 was a small slice of Butter with Toasted 
 Bread and Nutmeg the expense of this, 
 he reckoned at three half-pence. 
 
 " Mastication is a very necessary Prepa- 
 ration of solid Aliment, without which there 
 can be no good Digestion." The above are 
 the first lines in ARBUTHNOT'S Essay on 
 Aliment. 
 
 This first act of the important process of 
 Digestion, is most perfectly performed, when 
 the flavour, &c. of our Food is agreeable to 
 our Taste ; we naturally detain upon our 
 Palate those things which please it, and 
 the Meat we relish most, is consequently 
 most broken down by chewing, and most 
 intimately incorporated with the Saliva 
 this is the reason why what we desire most, 
 we digest best.
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 257 
 
 Here, is a sufficient answer, to the Folios 
 which have sprung from the Pens .of cynical 
 and senseless Scribblers on whom Nature 
 not having bestowed a Palate, they have 
 proscribed those pleasures they had not 
 Sense* to taste, or comprehend the wise 
 purposes for which they were given to us, 
 and 
 
 " Compound for Sins they are inclin'd to, 
 By damning those they have no mind to." 
 
 * Men are but rarely " framed so in the prodigality 
 of Nature," as to have all their Senses in perfection 
 very few have a single one, that approximates within 
 many degrees of it the Eye of Raphael, the Ear pf 
 Handel, the Palate of Apicius or the sensitive touch 
 of the blind Girl, who could feel Colours are pancratic 
 faculties which are seldom produced. 
 
 The following division of the Senses is so excellent, 
 that I copy it from the scarce Book referred to below : 
 
 " I distinguish the Six SENSES by the character of 
 noxious and innocent. The first three, Thinking 
 Seeing and Hearing are the innocent. The last 
 three, Feeling Tasting and Smelling the noxious. 
 
 " I pursue Happiness, or systematic pleasurable
 
 258 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 How large a share of the business of 
 Digestion is managed by Mastication, has 
 been shown by the experiments of Spal- 
 lanzani*. 
 
 sensation, in the cultivation of the first class and in 
 the control of the latter." See the LIFE or JOHN 
 STEWART THE TRAVELLER, p. 12. 
 
 ' " I took two pieces of Mutton, each weighing 45 
 grains, and having chewed one as much as I used to 
 chew my food enclosed them in two separate spheres 
 and swallowed them at the same time these tubes 
 were voided at the same time of the masticated meat 
 there remained only 4 grains of the other there were 
 18 left." 
 
 " The necessity of Mastication is sufficiently known 
 there is perhaps no person who has not, some time or 
 other, suffered from Indigestion, for want of having 
 chewed his food properly. The reason is obvious. 
 Not to mention the saliva which moistens the food, and 
 predisposes it to be dissolved, it cannot be doubted, 
 that when it is reduced to pieces by the action of the 
 Teeth, the gastric fluid penetrates, and attacking it at 
 more points, dissolves it more speedily than when it 
 was whole. This is true of menstrua in general, which 
 always dissolve bodies sooner when they have been pre-
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 259 
 
 To Chew long, and leisurely, is the only 
 way to extract the essence of our food to 
 enjoy the taste of it, and to render it easily 
 convertible into laudable Chyle, by the facility 
 it gives to the gastric juices to dissolve it 
 without trouble. 
 
 The pleasure of the Palate, and the health 
 of the Stomach, are equally promoted by this 
 salutary habit, which all should be taught to 
 acquire in their infancy. 
 
 The more tender meat is, the more we may 
 eat of it. That which is most difficult to 
 Chew, is of course most difficult to Digest. 
 
 From 30 to 40 (according to the tender- 
 ness of the meat) has been calculated as the 
 mean number of Munches, that solid meat 
 requires, to prepare it for its journey down 
 
 viously broken to pieces. This is also the reason why, 
 in other experiments, masticated bread and dressed 
 flesh were more readily dissolved than unchewed bread 
 and raw flesh. The boiling had made it tenderer, and 
 consequently disposed it to allow ingress to the gastric 
 fluid." SPALLANZANI on Digestion, vol. i. p. 277.
 
 260 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 the Red Lane } - less will be sufficient for 
 tender, delicate, and easily digestible white 
 meats. 
 
 The sagacious Gourmand, will calculate 
 this precisely, and not waste his precious 
 moments in useless Jaw-work, or invite an 
 Indigestion by neglecting Mastication. 
 
 I cannot give any positive rules for this, it 
 depends on the state of the Teeth* ; every 
 one, especially the Dyspeptic, ought to ascer- 
 tain the condition of these useful working 
 tools; and to use them with proportionate 
 diligence, is an indispensable exercise which 
 every rational Epicure will most cheerfully 
 perform, who has any regard for the welfare 
 of his Stomachf. 
 
 * In no branch of the practice of Physic, is there 
 more Dangerous Quackery, than in this department 
 the only means we can furnish our friends with to avoid 
 this is to recommend them to apply to a scientific 
 Dentist of acknowledged integrity and experience. 
 Our own Mouth is under considerable obligations to 
 Mr. EDMONDS, of Conduit Street, Hanover Square. 
 
 t " Slave-dealers are well acquainted with the cha-
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 261 
 
 It has been recommended, that those whose 
 Teeth are defective, should mince their meat 
 this will certainly save trouble to both 
 Teeth and Stomach nevertheless, it is ad- 
 visable, let the meat be minced ever so fine, 
 to endeavour to mumble it into a pulp before 
 it be introduced to the Stomach on account 
 of the advantage derived from its admixture 
 with the SALIVA. 
 
 " By experiment, I determined the quan- 
 tity of Saliva secreted in half an hour, to be 
 whilst the parts were at rest, four drachms, 
 whilst eating, five ounces four drachms." 
 STARK on Diet, p. 99. 
 
 MASTICATION is the source of all good 
 Digestion ; with its assistance, almost any 
 thing may be put into any stomach with im- 
 punity: without it, Digestion is always 
 difficult, and often impossible : and be it 
 
 racteristic signs of perfect Health any defect of which 
 much diminishes the value of a Slave. The want of a 
 Tooth makes a Slave worth two Dollars less." FINKE'S 
 Medical Geography, vol. i. p. 449.
 
 262 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 always remembered, it is not merely what we 
 eat, but what we digest well, that nourishes 
 
 us. 
 
 The sagacious Gourmand is ever mindful 
 of his motto 
 Masticate, Denticate, Chump, Grind, and Swallow.'' 
 
 The four first acts, he knows he must per- 
 form properly, before he dare attempt the 
 
 fifth. 
 
 Those who cannot enjoy a savoury morsel 
 on account of their Teeth,- or rather on ac- 
 count of the want of them, we refer to the 
 note at the foot of p. 260, and also have the 
 pleasure to inform them, that PATENT MAS- 
 TICATORS are made by PALMER, Cutler, in 
 St. James's Street. 
 
 To those who may inadvertently exercise 
 their Masticative faculties on unworthy ma- 
 terials or longer on worthy ones than na- 
 ture finds convenient, we recommend " Peris- 
 taltic Persuaders." See page 235. 
 
 When either the Teeth or Stomach are ex-
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 263 
 
 tremely feeble, especial care must be taken 
 to keep Meat till it is tender before it is 
 cooked and call in the aid of the Pestle 
 and Mortar. And see Nos. 10, 18, 87, 
 89, 175, 178; from 185 to 250, 
 502 542 and especially 503. Or dress 
 in the usual way whatever is best liked 
 mince it put it into a Mortar and pound 
 it with a little Broth or melted Butter, 
 Vegetable, Herb, Spice, Zest, No. 255, 
 &c. according to the taste, &c. of the 
 Eater. The business of the Stomach is thus 
 very materially facilitated. 
 
 " Mincing or Pounding Meat saveth 
 the grinding of the Teeth; and therefore 
 (no doubt) is more nourishing, especially in 
 Age, or to them that have weak teeth; 
 
 o y ' 
 
 but Butter is not proper for weak bodies, 
 and therefore, moisten it in pounding with 
 a little Claret Wine, and a very little Cin- 
 namon or Nutmeg." LORD BACON'S Na- 
 tural History, Century 1. 54. 
 
 This is important Advice for those who
 
 264 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 are afflicted with " Tic Douloureux," the 
 
 paroxysm of which is generally provoked by 
 
 the exercise of Eating, and the Editor has 
 
 known that dreadful disorder cured by the 
 
 Patient frequently taking food thus prepared 
 
 in small portions, instead of a regular meal. 
 
 The TEETH should be cleaned after every 
 
 meal with a " TOOTH PRESERVER," (i. e. a 
 
 very soft brush,) and then rinced with tepid 
 
 water never neglect this at night ; nothing 
 
 destroys the Teeth so fast as suffering food 
 
 to stick between them those who observe 
 
 this rule, will seldom have any occasion for 
 
 Dentifrices Essences of Ivory Indurating 
 
 Liquid Enamels, fyc. 
 
 But it is the rage just now with some 
 Dentists, to recommend Brushes so hard, 
 that they fetch Blood like a Lancet wherever 
 they touch; and instead of " Teeth Pre- 
 servers" these should rather be termed " Gum 
 Bleeders." 
 
 Not even a Philosopher can endure the 
 TOOTHACH patiently what an overcoming
 
 PEPTIC PRECEPTS. 265 
 
 agony then it must be to zGrand G ourmand / 
 depriving him of the means of enjoying an 
 amusement which to him is the grand solace 
 for all sublunary cares. To alleviate, and in- 
 deed generally to cure this intolerable pain 
 we recommend 
 
 Toothache and Anti-rheumatic Embrocation, 
 (No. 567.) 
 
 Sal Volatile three parts. 
 Laudanum one part. 
 
 Mix and rub the part in pain therewith fre- 
 quently. If the Tooth which aches is hollow, 
 drop some of this on a bit of cotton, and put 
 it into the Tooth, if the pain does not 
 abate within an hour take out the cotton, 
 and put another piece in changing it every 
 hour four or five times, till the pain ceases. 
 
 In a general Face-ach, or sore Throat 
 moisten a piece of flannel with it and put 
 it to the part affected, rub any part 
 afflicted with Rheumatism night and morning, 
 
 N
 
 266 THE ART OF INVIGORATING LIFE. 
 
 and in the middle of the day. I have fre- 
 quently cured old and inveterate Rheumatic 
 affections with this Liniment.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Actors, Hints to, concern- 
 ing their Health 96 
 
 Ale 11, 144 
 
 Stale ditto, how to 
 
 make fresh 11 
 
 Abernethy, Mr., quoted, 9, 41, 
 49, 102, 159, 178, 238 
 Abstinence, cheapest Cure 
 
 for Intemperance 159 
 Athletic weight, what 59 
 Air, on the change of- 8 
 
 Do. Note at foot of 66 
 
 Stagnant, Dr. Struve's 
 
 Obs. on 114 
 
 General Obs. on 
 
 change of, &c. 119 
 
 not always advisable 121 
 
 Animal Food 10 
 
 Alcohol, proportion of, in 
 Wines, Brandy, Gin, 
 
 &c. 138 
 
 Dr. Philips's Obs. on 145 
 
 Arbutimot, Dr., quoted, 1, 19 
 
 Obs. on Mastication 250 
 
 Anxiety of Mind, Evils 
 
 arising from 85 to 87 
 
 Do. Sir John Sinclair 
 
 on, Note to 86 
 
 Do. Dr. Whytt, do. 86 
 
 Do. Sir Thomas Bar- 
 nard, do. 86 
 
 Do. Dr. Colton, do. 86 
 
 Appetite, to refresh 163 
 
 Three Sorts of, in 
 
 Note to 163 
 
 - Varieties of 169 
 
 ' Montaigne's Obs. on 200 
 
 Aperients, what the best 215 
 
 what they ought to 
 
 do 219 
 
 Lord Bacon's Obs.. 219 
 
 N 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Aperients, Mr. Locke's do. 221 
 
 Dr. Hamilton's do. . 221 
 
 best time to intro- 
 duce them to the Sto- 
 mach 235 
 
 for Children 237 
 
 Astringents 232 
 
 Bacon, Lord, his Obs. on 
 
 Aperients 219 
 
 on Food for those 
 
 whose Teeth are de- 
 fective 263 
 
 Barclay, Captain, quoted 3,7 
 
 his Diet during his 
 
 extraordinary walk 13 
 
 Balsamum Vitae 97 
 
 Brown, Dr., his Obs. on 
 the Materia Medica, 
 
 &c. 5 
 
 Bath, tepid 126 
 
 Brain, the two ways of 
 
 fertilizing 68 
 
 Bed Room 90 
 
 Curtains 91 
 
 Bed, best 91 
 
 ventilated 92 
 
 Do. in hot weather . 9Si 
 
 A Fire in 93 
 
 Clothes 103 
 
 Ditto, ditto, in cold 
 
 weather 104 
 
 Beef 10, 22, 31 
 
 eaters preferred to 
 
 Sheep-biters 
 
 Tea, how to make 
 a good Tonic 
 
 29 
 96 
 182 
 182 
 
 on" the digestibility 
 
 of 177 
 
 Obs. on, by Bryan 
 
 Robinson. By the 
 2
 
 268 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Editor. By Mr. Astley 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Cellar, on the management 
 o f 1 34 
 
 
 Cheyne, Dr., quoted- -87, 216 
 Corpulency, to re- J ^ ^ g4 
 
 
 Do. of Beef Tea re- 
 commended after hard 
 
 Authors who have 
 
 of Queen Elizabeth, 
 
 wn en ic eon 
 
 
 of a Washerwoman 
 
 
 
 
 
 Crust of, wonderful 
 
 Dr. Armstrong's Obs. 
 on. Struve's do. 65 
 
 
 Broths, in what degree 
 
 Colton, his Obs. on Intera- 
 
 
 Cornaro, a compendium of 
 his system in his own 
 
 Breath, Rose Jujubes for 
 those who have not a 
 remarkable sweet > 234 
 Bluraenbach on the Pulse 45 
 Bowels, constipated, how 
 
 liked New Wine 136 
 Cold Food and Drink, bad 
 for the Dyspeptic and 
 
 
 Cold, the frequent cause 
 
 
 Bons-Vi vants, hint to 122 
 Do. do. > 207 and 208 
 Brandy, how much it 
 wastes in keeping ... 135 
 where to buy it 141 
 
 an easy way to get 
 
 Chronic Disorders, com- 
 
 importance of Regi- 
 
 
 Cooper, Mr. Astley, quoted 177 
 Condiments, the excessive 
 
 . . L?, or ^ 
 
 Bouillon, Tablettes de 179 
 Do. how to make- 251 
 Cadogan, Dr., Address to 
 
 Chimney Sweeping .... 81 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Disorders arising 
 
 Cellar, the temperature of 

 
 INDEX. 
 
 269 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Clothes, tight and thin very 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Digestion, Spallanzani's 
 
 
 when it goes on 
 
 Great one, where to 
 
 how exquisitely per- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 best time for .... 179 
 Hour of, A.D. 1570 183 
 Dr. Cogan's Obs. on 183 
 Mr. Warner's do. .. 183 
 Mr. Pye'sdo. 183 
 in the Northumber- 
 land Household Book 
 
 
 Cucumber, how to eat 171 
 
 
 Chyle, Dr. Moore's Obs. 
 
 
 Cinnamon Lozenges, ape- 
 
 Hour of in 1821, 
 
 
 at Night, and Supper 
 
 how to make 244 
 Crarap in the Stomach, 
 
 
 bad effects from .-191 
 
 Costiveness, habitual, how 
 
 r ' C 
 
 Do. by a Supper or 
 
 Dyspeptic Disorders, the 
 common cause of 38 
 
 Do. by Grapes- 224 
 . Do. fresh or dried 
 
 Persons should have 
 
 Do. Cinnamon or 
 Gincer Lozenes > > 224 
 Do. Salad Oil, &c. . 225 
 Darwin, Dr., quoted > 178 
 Diet, a general rule for 33 
 The proportion of 
 Meat to Drink 57 
 Facts relative to 213 
 Death , sudden in the night, 
 a common cause of 193 
 Digestibility of various 
 
 when extreme, re- 
 
 
 Drinkers, three sorts of 141 
 
 Thermometer for l-l^ 
 Hints for hard 162 
 Do. 164 
 Drinking, the Economy 
 
 
 Rules for those sub- 
 
 Digestion, the process of, 
 
 
 Ear, instance of a fine one 47 

 
 270 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Edmonds, Mr. the Dentist 260 
 Eggs, how nutritive 30 
 
 Ennui, remedy for 73 
 
 Exercise, the indispensable 
 
 importance of 8 
 
 Mr. Abeniethy on . 9 
 
 Dr. Cheyne 9 
 
 must be increased, 
 
 &c. 33 
 
 Neglect of, the great 
 
 cause ot Indigestion 38 
 
 Obs. on the import- 
 ance of 122 
 
 Do. by Cowper 122 
 
 Do. by Armstrong . 122 
 
 Do.byDr.Cadogan 123 
 
 Do. Sir Chas. Scar- 
 borough 123 
 
 English Melodies 233 
 
 Epicurism, Dr. Swift's 
 
 Obs. on 185 
 
 Eudiometer <* 120 
 
 Economy of Drinking 144 
 EpsoraSalt 217 
 
 the most agreeable 
 
 way to take it 218 
 
 Essence of Meat, how to 
 
 obtain 251 
 
 Oatmeal 256 
 
 Fat, what makes animals- 64 
 Fasting a day, effect of 62 
 
 too long, the bad 
 
 effects of, and how to 
 avoid them 175, 180, 182 
 Feasting, intemperate, to 
 remove the disorders 
 
 arising from 160 
 
 Falconer, Dr. quoted 2o 
 Fish not so nutritive as 
 
 Flesh 29 and 30 
 
 Shell, do. 30 
 
 Forty-Winks, a nap of 23 
 Forty, a Man at 199 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Food, what easiest of Di- 
 gestion 26 
 
 Test of the relative 
 
 restorative powers of 
 Meat, Poultry, and 
 Fish 28 
 
 Scale of, do. 28 
 
 Gelatinous 30 
 
 what most invigor- 
 ating 31, 32 
 
 the Editor's own ex- 
 perience 31 
 
 how important tn 
 
 Health, &c. 41) 
 
 for those whose Teeth 
 
 are defective 263 
 
 Flannel Waistcoats 106 
 
 Franklin, Dr. his Econo- 
 mical Project 75 
 
 Fashionable Society, dis- 
 orders of 83 
 
 Fitzgerald, Mr. quoted 84 
 Flatulence, the common 
 cause of, and how to 
 prevent and remove it, 
 
 99, 172, and 175 
 
 Feet, when cold 108 
 
 should be kept very 
 
 clean 126 
 
 Fire, on the management 
 
 of a 113 
 
 plan of lighting- 117 
 
 Garters lit 
 
 Goose roasted, how invi- 
 gorating 29 
 
 the Latin for it 17 1 
 
 Grog, the strength of 89 
 Gruel, various ways of 
 making and flavouring, 248 
 
 Tryon's Obs. on 255 
 
 Gin, proportion ofSpirit in 139 
 
 Ginger Lozenges 173 
 
 Aperient 224
 
 INDEX. 
 
 271 
 
 PACE 
 
 Ginger, Tincture of, how to 
 make, preferable and 
 more convenient than 
 
 the powder 247 
 
 Gourmand's motto 262 
 
 Gum-bleeders 264 
 
 Hatching 68 
 
 Health, Happiness, and 
 Longevity, Pope's re- 
 cipe for 42 
 
 Heat, external, promotes 
 
 Digestion - 158 and 159 
 Heartburn, remedy lor 161 
 Heart, palpitation of 173 
 Horizontal Refreshment* 23 
 Heberden, Dr. his Obs. on 
 
 Regimen 198 
 
 Hunter, J. on digestibility 
 of dressed and raw 
 
 Meats 27 
 
 Hunger 1 80 
 
 Heidelburgh Tun 131 
 
 Hours, early ones, how 
 
 Healthful 74 
 
 late, the bane of the 
 
 delicate and nervous 75 
 
 Huffeland quoted 126 
 
 Jackson, Mr. teacher of 
 
 Sparring 51 
 
 Jameson, Dr. quoted 35 
 
 Ice after Dinner 167 
 
 Jones, Sir William, his 
 
 Andrometer 36 
 
 Jellies, in what degree 
 
 nutritive 30 
 
 Jockey, to waste one 29 
 Inebriation, how to relieve 
 the indispositions arising 
 
 from 160 
 
 . when doubly debili- 
 tating 162 
 
 Indigestion 48 
 
 common cause of 38 
 
 PAGE 
 Indigestion, how to relieve 157 
 
 Do. when extreme- 164 
 
 often caused by Anx- 
 iety of Mind 172 
 
 Daubenton recom- 
 mends Ipecacuanha for, 189 
 
 Ivanhoe, the preface to it 
 
 quoted 98 
 
 Johnson, his Curafoa, 98, 141 
 
 Brandy, &c. 141 
 
 Irish Whiskey 149 
 
 Intemperance, how to cure 
 
 the Chronic complaints 
 
 occasioned by it 58 
 
 Instinct, the best guide in 
 
 the choice of Aliment- 198 
 Dr. Heberden's Obs. 
 
 on 198 
 
 Mr. Abernethy, do. 198 
 
 from Domestic 
 
 Management 199 
 
 from Evylyn 200 
 
 from Young 200 
 
 from Montaigne 200 
 
 from Dr. W. Hunter 200 
 
 from J. Hunter 201 
 
 from Dr. Armstrong 201 
 
 from Dr. Smith .... 201 
 
 from Dr. Adair- . 201 
 
 from Dr. Withers 202 
 
 from Dr. Sydenham 202 
 
 from Spectator .... 202 
 
 from Dr. Mandeville 203 
 
 Kitchiner, Dr. quoted 47 
 Life, how to live all the 
 
 Days of 2 and 42 
 
 the Meridian of, 17, 43 
 
 divided into Three 
 
 Stages 33 and 34 
 
 calculation showing the 
 
 rate of Self-Consumption 44 
 Do. of the expecta- 
 tions of, at various ages, 45
 
 272 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Life, Do. note at foot of p. 83 
 what the great Art 
 
 of 
 
 67 
 
 Literary men, not 
 
 long-lived 69 
 
 a country 82 
 
 Lavement 228 
 
 Lettsom, Dr. his moral and 
 
 physical Thermometer, 142 
 Lemon Peel, how to make 
 
 Quintessence of 218 
 
 Lip, under, plump and 
 rosy, the most certain 
 criterion of Health 15 
 Liver, how to render 
 
 Healthful 63 
 
 Complaints 239 
 
 Liver, Mr. Carlisle's Ob- 
 servations on 239 
 
 Lobsters 30 
 
 Locke, Mr. quoted 221 
 
 Liquid Bread 144 
 
 Luncheon 21,175 
 
 Lungs 121 
 
 Longings, especially in 
 
 Acute Diseases 202 
 
 Withers' Obs. on . 202 
 
 LOZENGES, 60 sorts made 
 by Mr. Smith, Fell 
 Street, Wood Street, 
 
 Cheapside 234 
 
 Magnesia, an uncertain 
 
 Medicine 161 
 
 Mastication-, how import- 
 ant to Digestion 88 
 
 Dr. Arbuthnot Obs. 
 
 on 256 
 
 Spallanzani ditto 258 
 
 calculation of the 
 
 mean number of Munches 
 
 requisite 259 
 
 Masticators, patent, where 
 to buy 262 
 
 PACE 
 
 Mathematical Valetudina- 
 rian, a calculation of 18 
 Mattress, of Horse-hair 91 
 Matrimony 70 
 
 best ages for 70 
 
 Meat wnrfer-done 27 
 
 over-done 27 
 
 thoroughly done most 
 
 digestible 27 
 
 Essence of 251 
 
 Minced, recommend- 
 ed by Lord Bacon- 263 
 
 Mercury, Obs. on 240 
 
 Measure, Lyne's glass 129 
 Madeira 134 
 
 Obs. 154 
 
 Mind, how important tran- 
 quillity of 9 
 
 the vigour of, decays 
 
 with that of the Body, 50 
 
 exertion of, more 
 
 exhausting than that of 
 the Body 66, 67, and 87 
 
 Anxiety of, paralyses 
 
 Digestion 67 
 
 Anxiety of, a com- 
 mon cause of Indiges- 
 tion 172 
 
 Mellifluous Aromatics 234 
 
 Mutton 1022 
 
 Digestibility of . 177 
 
 Chops, delicately 
 
 Mewed 254 
 
 Broth, excellent 254 
 
 Midnight, one hour's rest 
 
 before, worth two after, 74 
 Mock Turtle recommend- 
 ed 206 
 
 Birch's ditto 206 
 
 Kay's ditto 206 
 
 Mountain Wine 154 
 
 Mulled Wine, to make 
 extempore 248
 
 INDEX. 
 
 273 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Nap of 40 winks 69 
 
 Noisy Neighbours, hints 
 
 to 76 to 82 
 
 Actionable Nuisances 80 
 
 Nervous Disorders 83 
 
 Dr. Whytt's Obs. on 181 
 
 people should keep a 
 
 register of their Health, 197 
 Nightmare, chief cause of, 87 
 
 Obs. on, 189 and 
 
 following pages. 
 
 the Editor's case of, 190 
 
 remedies for 192, 193 
 
 Dr. Whytt's case of, 194 
 
 Mr. Waller's Essay ' 
 
 on *. 195 
 
 Northumberland House- 
 hold Book 185 
 
 Oysters 30 
 
 not so nutritive as 
 
 supposed 30, 171 
 
 Opium, Obs. on 88 
 
 Lozenges 233 
 
 Orange Peel, for nervous 
 
 people 243 
 
 Palpitation of the Heart, 
 
 the cause and cure of- 173 
 Do. ofrener arises from In- 
 digestion, than from Or- 
 ganic Disease 175 
 
 Pocket Pistol, how to 
 
 charge a 182 
 
 Parkins, Sir Thomas, pre- 
 ferred Beef-Eaters to 
 
 Sheep-Biters 291 
 
 Parliament, hints to Mem- 
 bers of 179 
 
 Portable Soup 249 
 
 Party-Walls, their thinness 76 
 
 Peppermint Lozenges, 99, 173 
 
 233 
 
 Peptic Precepts 156 
 
 Prawns 30 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Perspiration, the panacea 
 
 for Corpulence 1'25 
 
 Pulse, an uncertain Index 16 
 
 Scale of its pace at 
 
 various agos 
 
 when languid 
 
 45 
 73 
 Peck, Mr., his Geographic 
 
 de hi Gourroandise- 185 
 
 Piano-Fortes 80 
 
 Position, the influence of, 
 
 in alleviating Disease 97 
 Port, the contents of a 
 
 Pipe of 
 
 Obs. on 
 
 130 
 137 
 140 
 
 how to purchase 
 
 Purgatives, bad effects of 
 
 violent 157 
 
 Ditto 240 
 
 Ditto 241 
 
 Peristaltic Persuaders, 215, 219 
 
 how to make 235 
 
 when to take-- -227, 236 
 
 for Children 237 
 
 Pills, the advantages of 216 
 Ragout, a restorative, 
 
 when advisable 204 
 
 Regimen, Dr. Heberden's 
 
 Obs. on 198 
 
 Dr. Armstrong's Do. 213 
 
 Celsus' Do. 215 
 
 Dr. Arbuthnot's Do. 215 
 
 importance in chronic 
 
 Complaints 202 
 
 Restorative, Extempore- 206 
 Ratclitfe, Dr., quoted 172 
 Riding, useful to reduce 
 
 Corpulence 52 
 
 Robinson, Dr., Bryan, ex- 
 tract from his Essay on 
 Food and Discharges 56 
 
 his own regimen 58 
 
 Rhubarb, tincture of, to 
 make 217
 
 274 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Rhubarb Pill, recommended 
 
 by Dr. Pemberton . 220 
 Rheumatism, remedy for 265 
 
 Ruptures 112 
 
 Relaxed Bowels 228 
 
 Locke on 228 
 
 Cheyne on 229 
 
 Salad Oil, remedy for Con- 
 stipation 225 
 
 Salt, the best Sauce 210 
 Sanctorius, the proportion 
 
 of his Meat to his Drink 57 
 Sauces recommended by 
 
 Dr. Moffet 208 
 
 Siesta, the 68 
 
 recommended .... 94 
 
 Do. by Sanctorius 101 
 
 Do. Cruickshank 101 
 
 Do. Dr. Darwin 102 
 
 Do. Dr. Harwood-- 102 
 
 Do. Dr. Adair 102 
 
 Do. Mr. Abernethy 102 
 
 Do. Eng. Proverb- 103 
 
 Do. Waller 103 
 
 Do. Lord Bacon 103 
 
 Semi-Siesta 23, 101 
 
 Senna, tincture of 217 
 
 Second Courses, Obs. 
 on 
 
 Scribblefast, Counsellor, 
 
 his case 
 
 Shell Fish 
 
 Scudamore, Dr., quoted' 
 
 167 
 
 78 
 
 30 
 
 177 
 
 Sleep 12 to 65 
 
 Struve, Dr., Obs. on 
 
 the importance of 71 
 
 time required to- ... 73 
 
 Dr. Cheyne's remark 
 
 on, note to 87 
 
 Exercise, the best 
 
 source of it 88 
 
 other means of in- 
 
 viting it 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Senses, few people have 
 
 one perfect 257 
 
 Mr. Stewart's divi- 
 
 sion of, into noxious and 
 
 innocent 257 
 
 Supper 24 
 
 the best for those who 
 
 dine late 24 
 
 Do. for those who 
 
 dine early 24 
 
 Obs. on its influence 
 
 on Sleep ............ 87 
 
 - Obs. on a solid one 88 
 Supper, best for the Dys- 
 
 peptic .............. 90 
 
 - in the Morning 186 
 Singers, hints respecting 
 
 their Health ....... 96 
 
 Stark, his experiments on 
 Diet ................ 29 
 
 Obs. on the Saliva- 261 
 
 Sparring, the exercise of 
 recommended ........ 
 
 - weight reduced dur- 
 ing an hour .......... 
 
 Salads ................ 
 
 Soup, how to season 
 
 - Mock Turtle ...... 
 
 - of Rattle Snakes 
 
 - - Portable, to make 
 Sun-shine preferred by Dr. 
 
 Franklin to Candle-light 75 
 Stock Fish, recommended 
 
 by Dr. Mandeville ---- 
 
 Skin, the .............. 
 
 Sherry, the contents of a 
 
 Butt of ............ 
 
 55 
 167 
 163 
 
 206 
 214 
 249 
 
 207 
 125 
 
 130 
 
 analysed for the 
 
 Editor 138 
 
 Obs. on 154 
 
 Scotch and Irish Whiskey 149 
 Soda Water, various ways 
 
 of making MS
 
 INDEX. 
 
 275 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Soda Water, Obs. on 167 
 Stomach Warmers, where 
 to be had 158 
 
 how inucli it will 
 
 hold, note under 158 
 
 must occasionally 
 
 have a Holiday 163 
 
 centre of Sympathy 165 
 
 Wind in the 173 
 
 put out of temper by 
 
 fasting too long 182 
 
 Dr. Hunter says, tells 
 
 the Head what if wants 200 
 
 Dr. Smith Do. 201 
 
 Dr. Adair Do. 201 
 
 let it have what it 
 
 asks for 203 
 
 Dr. Whytt'sObs. on 
 
 how much its disposi- 
 tion, &c. raries 204 
 
 of Invalids require 
 
 screwing up 208 
 
 Cheyne's Obs. on the 
 importance of a clean 
 
 216 
 
 244 
 207 
 
 Stomachic Tinctures 
 Spice and Wine 
 Spasms in Stomach, how 
 
 to manage ...... 173, 189 
 
 Smith, Mr., his 60 sorts of 
 
 Lozenges ............ 234 
 
 Stewart, John, the travel- 
 
 ler, his Obs. on Clothes 106 
 Do. on the Senses ...... 257 
 
 Spallanzuni quoted ...... 258 
 
 Sweet Wines .......... 154 
 
 Tar Water ............ 242 
 
 Temperature, to preserve 
 
 that of a room regular- 1 15 
 
 - best for sitting rooms 116 
 
 - the influence of in 
 alleviating Disease 94 
 
 : the mean of England 108 
 
 Temperature, Observa- 
 tions, &c. 113 
 
 Thermometers, where to be 
 
 placed 105 
 
 Tent Wine 154 
 
 Triiiniug.Captain Barclay's 
 
 Obs. on ~. . 3 
 
 Do. quoted 7 
 
 principal rules for 7 
 
 rules 9 
 
 Diet ordered 10 
 
 time required to 
 
 screw a Man up to his 
 
 fullest strength 14 
 
 Criterions of Good 
 
 Condition 15 
 
 first preparation for 18 
 
 on the mode of 
 
 Cookery, &c. most in- 
 vigorating s>5 
 
 Food must be taken 
 
 26 
 
 warm 
 
 Do., and thoroughly 
 
 done 
 
 John Hunter's Obs. 
 
 on Do. 
 
 Spullanzani, experi- 
 ment to .prove it 
 
 diet in wasting a 
 
 Jockey 
 
 Teeth, to take care of- 
 
 the value of 
 
 Food for those whose 
 
 Teeth are defective- 
 Preservers 
 
 Ache, remedy for 
 
 Tic Doloureux 
 
 Tewahdiddle 
 
 Tongue of Pityllus 
 
 Time, the Economy of
 
 276 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Tablettes de Bouillon, how 
 
 to make 251 
 
 Thriving, the art of, quoted 255 
 Valetudinarians, maxim for, 
 
 from Comus 72 
 
 Vegetables, undressed 17 1 
 Voice, when the falsetto 
 begins to fail 47 
 
 what the power of 
 
 depends upon 99 
 
 Ventriloquism 173, 200 
 
 Vinum Britannicum 144 
 Wadd on Corpulency* 29 
 
 Waistbands Ill 
 
 Walking, how it reduces 
 
 weight 6'2 
 
 Water-Cresses 171 
 
 Water-drinking, the ad- 
 vantages of 147 
 
 Weather, wet 108 
 
 Wesley, Mr. Chas., his 
 extraordinary Ear 47 
 
 Windows, Double 91 
 
 Curtains 91 
 
 Wine 127 
 
 ounces in a Quart of 128 
 
 how to measure the ( 123 
 
 contents of a bottle of. ( 129 
 
 Port, how old it 
 
 ought to be 132 
 
 the art of preserving 133 
 
 White, why prefer- 
 able to Red 133,153 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Wine when to bottle 133 
 
 New, objection to 135 
 
 Do. to make old 136 
 
 Cornaro, Obs. on old 136 
 proportion of Alco- 
 hol in 138 
 
 Do. In Brandy 13<> 
 
 Do. in Gin 139 
 
 recommended by St. 
 
 Paul 143 
 
 Iceing Wine 143 
 
 no man must drink 
 
 it habitually before 30- 147 
 
 Do. Dr. Trotter's 
 
 Obs. on 147 
 
 silly rule of some 
 
 people about drinking 148 
 
 the relative whole- 
 
 someness of 151 
 
 only three sorts of 
 
 Wine, note under 151 
 
 three sorts of drinkers 141 
 
 Sweet Wines, Tent, 
 
 &c., how made 154 
 
 Vinum Britannicum 144 
 
 Writers on, a list of' 154 
 
 Whiskey 149 
 
 Wind in the Stomach 173 
 
 Whytt, Dr., quoted 181 
 
 hiscase of night-mare 194 
 
 Wholesomes, the 207 
 
 Worms, remedies for 240 
 Young, his Obs. on Sleep 65 
 
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