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 UMT 
 
 ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 i5igl)hj irini0l)c& Cine (J5ngraDing, 
 
 FROM DRAWINGS TAKEN ON THE SPOT, 
 
 BY JAMES SMILLIE. 
 
 DESCRIPTIVE NOTICES, 
 
 BY CORNELIA W. WALTER. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY R. MARTIN, 170 BROADWAY. 
 
 1847. 
 
 146612
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1847, 
 
 By ROBERT MARTIN, 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of tlie District Court of tlic United States for the Southern District of New York.
 
 
 MOUNT AUBURN. 
 
 [Bryant. 
 
 " Here I have 'scaped the city's stifling heal, 
 Its horrid sounds, and its polluted air ; 
 And, where tlie season's milder fervors beat, 
 
 And gales that sweep the forest borders, bear 
 The song of birds and sound of running stream, 
 Am come awhile to wander and to dream." 
 
 " And northern pilgrims, with slow, lingering feet. 
 Stray round each vestige of thy loved retreat. 
 And spend in homage half one sunny day, 
 Before they pass upon their wandering way." 
 
 The beautifal forest-tract which has been chosen, by so many of the 
 citizens of Boston and its environs, as a fitting spot to be the last rest- 
 ing-place of the living when dust shall be returned to its original dust, 
 has emphatically a history of its own — a history not more of data, 
 possession, and original ownership, than of thoughts and contempla- 
 tions. An unwritten history, it is true, it must ever be ; but if those 
 thickly wooded vales, yet fresh with the growth of centuries, could be 
 endowed with language, many an ethical and pathetic story could they 
 tell. Volumes of varied material might they give, woven of the 
 heart-thoughts of countless wayfaring pilgrims, who have sought a 
 couch and canopy under the spreading branches of the umbrageous 
 trees, to meditate on present plans and future prospects, ere launching
 
 6 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 their barks upon the ocean of life, and whilst nerving themselves to 
 breast the adverse billows, — liaping to float calmly upon prosperous 
 waves. " Anticipation shadows forth enjoyments which we never 
 realize ; and though hope should fill the chalice to overflowing, disap- 
 pointment may draw off its waters whilst our parched lips are quiver- 
 ing at the brim." Happy hours, however, dwell in the memory 
 precisely as man has passed through them ; and, as " a thing of beauty 
 is a joy forever," so those periods of meditation which have been de- 
 rived from the enticements of Mount Auburn, will remain constantly 
 fixed in the recollection, as bright oases in the pilgrimage of life. We 
 have heard of a venerable octogenarian, who for sixty-five years made 
 annual visits to this seat of many a boyish ramble, every summer 
 bringing with it an increase of pleasure, even as time brought to the 
 old man a decrease of strength. But the pleasure was in contempla- 
 tion ; the gratification was derived from his better views of life. In 
 youth he sought the rustic spot, to chase the gray-squirrel from her 
 nest, — to gather wild-flowers midst the dark green woods, — or to carve 
 his name upon the bark of the noble trees, in a vain reaching after im- 
 mortality ; — in middle life, he found yet other pleasures amid strange 
 vicissitudes; — and in old age, he had learned the lesson that "he who 
 anticipates the enjoyment of high-raised hopes, builds castles in the 
 air, calculates on a meteor, anchors in a cloud." He had " a hope full 
 of immortality," and ere he drew his last breath, he saw the scene of 
 his wanderings converted into a field of the dead ! Then he deeply 
 realized that "all that we behold is full of blessings," and he felt again 
 a fulness of joy, — 
 
 " Knowing that Nature never did betray 
 The heart that loved )icr."
 
 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 7 
 
 Life is full of changes ; and Mount Auburn itself is an illustration 
 of a change. A fairy region it has seemed to the traveller and stu- 
 dent, who have sought its sequestration for the purposes of intellectual 
 indulgence ; — a terrestrial paradise it has proved to all seekers after 
 the beautiful in nature ; and, so enticing have been its groves, its 
 scenery and associations, that it received long since, the significant 
 appellation of " Sweet Auburn" — a name, as yet, unforgotten, though 
 innovation has been at work, and the favorite resort of the promena- 
 ding explorer, the inviting ground of the botanist, the charmed retreat 
 of the thoughtful student, has become dedicated earth — a consecrated 
 spot — a rural cemetery — a " garden of graves !" Who now will enter 
 such a place, without the joy of elevated thought ? Faith interfuses 
 itself throughout the whole of being, when we contemplate man's fu- 
 ture destiny, and the soul's immortality ; and, in walking abroad with 
 nature, amidst the graves of a departing generation, there is, in the 
 language of Wordsworth, 
 
 " A motion and a spirit that impels 
 All thinking things, all objects of all thoughts. 
 And rolls through all things." 
 
 The eye of the mind never wilfully blinds itself amidst such a scene. 
 Our very faith gives to us an awakened sense, and we are again well 
 pleased, with the poet. 
 
 " to recognise 
 
 In nature and the language of the sense, 
 The anchor of our purest thoughts ; the nurse, 
 The guide, iho guardian of our hearts, and soul 
 Of all our moral being." 
 
 That which was once an unappropriated woodland, known as
 
 8 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 " Stone's Woods," and more lovingly designated as " Sweet Auburn," 
 has become a burial-place for the dead, having a peculiar affinity with 
 the spirit-land, even while amidst the very rank and range of mortal 
 being. The acacia and the willow now emulate each other in their 
 melancholy offices of love, and gently bend over the graves of the loved 
 and lost, as they were wont to wave over the brow of contemplation; 
 and they now shed the dew of morning and evening upon the monu- 
 ments of genius, as they erst have shaken off the sparkling drops upon 
 the mighty men, of which the enduring stone has become the meet 
 memorial. 
 
 And it is indeed a fitting spot for such a purpose. The place which, 
 as we have shown, has so courted the repose of the living, seems nat- 
 urally to be appropriate for the sepulchre of the dead. The sombre 
 shade of its groves, the solemn calm of all things around, appeal to the 
 religious sense, and strike upon the mind as God's appointed indica- 
 tions of a " field of peace ;' and the everywhere pervasive quiet is as 
 an heaven-destined consecration for that "sleep which knows no 
 waking." 
 
 And now, let us look again around us. We gaze upon the monu- 
 ments, mounds, and tombs ; we read the inscriptions and epitaphs with 
 a pleasant feeling of veneration and reverence for those who have de- 
 parted life in our own day and generation. The rural cemetery of 
 Mount Auljurn is too newly planned for old associations ; and we wan- 
 dor over the verdant earth which encloses so much of recently departed 
 life, with a tide of rushing recollections. Not as the traveller or mod- 
 ern Roman walks amongst the burial-ways of ancient Rome, and 
 passes by the " nameless monuments of nameless existences, long since 
 gone out amid the pnrpotual extinguishment of life ;" but with a deep
 
 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 9 
 
 and clinging interest, as though we walked amongst a multitudinous 
 kindred, and held high and ennobling converse with the beatified 
 spirits of those cherished ones who are not lost to us, but only "gone 
 before." It is hallowed ground on which we tread, and the deep, dark 
 wood is holy. The monuments of Mount Auburn mark an earthly 
 sepulchre ; but the spot itself with its abundant and impressive beau- 
 ties, is, as it were, the inscril)ed Monument of Nature to the never- 
 fading greatness of the supreme Judge of both quick and dead — the 
 invincible Arbiter of our fate, both here and hereafter ! Heathen 
 must be that heart which does not worship the Almighty amidst these 
 consecrated fanes. To the true imagination, God should be seen in 
 the bright light which beams in the noontide over those wavy forest- 
 trees ; he should be heard in the wind-murmurings which make the 
 leaves rustle, and sway the tender grass ; he should be felt " in the 
 sorrows which, to the heart of sympathy, are living all around us, in the 
 gentle sighings of bereft companions and friends !"
 
 MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY. 
 
 We are " strangers and sojourners" here. We have need of " a possession of a burying- 
 place that we may bury our dead out of our sight." Let us have " the field and the cave 
 which is therein ; aad all the trees that are in the field, and that are in the borders round 
 about ;" and let them " be made sure for a possession of a burying-place." 
 
 It appears from the various published records, and it is gratefully 
 admitted by a more than satisfied public, that Mount Auburu Cemetery 
 owes its origin to Dr. Jacob Bigelow, of Boston, the present 
 president of the Corporation — a gentleman who early became im- 
 pressed with the impolicy of burials under churches or in church- 
 yards approximating closely to the abodes of the living. By him 
 the plan for the rural cemetery was first conceived, and the first 
 meeting on the subject called at his house in November, 1825. The 
 project met the favorable consideration of his friends, among whom 
 were various individuals, whose judgment in such matters was known 
 to be correct, and whose influence proved to be effective. Included 
 in the number were the late Judge Story, the late John Lowell, Esq., 
 the late George Bond, Esq., the Hon. Edward Everett, Wm. Sturgis, 
 Esq., Gen. Dearborn, Nathan Hale, Esq., Thomas W. Ward, Esq., 
 Samuel P. Gardner, Esq., John Taj)pan, Esq., and others. 
 
 No suitable place, however, was fixed upon until nearly five years 
 afterwards, wlien Dr. Bigolow obtained from George W. Brimmer, Esq., 
 the overluic ol ilic l;nid then called "Sweet Auburn," for the purpose of
 
 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 11 
 
 a cemetery. The Massachusetts Horticultural Society was established 
 in 1829, and, whilst in its infancy, and when the project for the cemetery 
 also was but in embryo, it was thought by the parties concerned, that i 
 by an union of the objects of each, the success and prosperity of both 
 would be finally insured. The Horticultural Society, after due con- 
 sideration, decided to purchase the land of Mr. Brimmer (then 
 comprising about 72 acres) for .1?6000, and it was determined to 
 devote it to the purposes of a rural cemetery, and experimental 
 garden. The ground was enclosed and consecrated in September, 
 1831. The Experimental Garden, owing to reasons unnecessary to 
 introduce here, was subsequently relinquished ; and, after a certain 
 time, the proprietors of the Cemetery lots resolved to purchase the 
 land from the Horticultural Society, and to appropriate its whole 
 extent as a place of interment. This arrangement was amicably 
 made, and an Act of Incorporation by the Legislature was obtained 
 by the new proprietors in 1835, by which the Cemetery is exempted 
 from public taxes, and its management vested in a Board of Trustees. 
 From this moment the enterprise prospered, as so admirable an un- 
 dertaking, and one so entirely divested of all selfish interests of 
 pecuniary gain, might be expected to do. 
 
 The Rural Cemetery of Mount Auburn, in Massachusetts, has been 
 the example and pattern of every similar institution in the United 
 States. It was commenced long before any other was thought of, 
 and it has struck a chord, the vibrations of which were destined 
 to be felt throughout our country. 
 
 Besides the very important business of laying out the ground in 
 avenues, paths, and lots, it was a part of the original design to build 
 a suitable gateway, a building for the superintendent, a strong and
 
 12 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 durable enclosure, a chapel, aud an observatory on the top of the 
 highest eminence ; to procure the draining of some of the low land, 
 so as to make it available for cemetery purposes, and to amass a 
 permanent fund to keep it in good order. Most of these objects 
 have been attained, as our after pages will show, and a permanent 
 fund may be considered as already secure. Enough money to have 
 formed such a fund has already been received over and above ex- 
 penses ; but it has wisely been thought advisable for the present, 
 to appropriate such surplus to those permanent and utilitarian im- 
 provements, which would exhibit this pattern Cemetery to the world 
 as a great and laudable undertaking — a wholly successful enterprise. 
 
 Ever since the first incorporation of the institution, much of its 
 care has, by the Trustees, been vested in the discretion of Dr. Bige- 
 low, and by him the designs of the stone gateway, the iron fence, and 
 the new chapel, have been made. 
 
 That admirable man and eminent jurist, Joseph Story, LL.D.,\\ as 
 the first President, and gave his influential support to the establish- 
 ment during its infancy. He delivered the consecrating address, he 
 frequented its walks, and engaged in its concerns with a truly parental 
 interest, which lasted while his life continued. 
 
 General H. A. S. Dearborn gave his aid in a disinterested and 
 indefatigable manner. By him the capacities of the ground were 
 studied, and the avenues and paths chiefly laid out, whilst the belt 
 of trees in front of the Cemetery was planted at his expense. 
 
 The late George W. Brimmer, Esq., the proprietor of the seventy- 
 two acres first ol)taiiu'd l>y the society, liberally disposed of it for 
 its present purpose at cost, and freely bestowed both his time and 
 cultivated taste upon its eari\ improvement.
 
 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 13 
 
 Charles P. Curtis, JSlSq., by liis financial and legal services ren- 
 dered important assistance during the formation of the institution, and 
 has been an active trustee from the beginning. 
 
 The late Geokue Bo.nd, Esq., was an early and ardent friend of 
 the enterprise, and during his lifetime, performed many essential 
 services in furtherance of the objects of the society. — Martin Brim- 
 mer, late Mayor of Boston, James Read, Isaac Parker, B. A. Gould, 
 B. R. Curtis, Esqrs., and the late Joseph P. Bradlee, Esq., were its early 
 and active supporters. 
 
 We mention these brief facts in proof that earnestness of purpose, 
 combined with individual enthusiasm and perseverance, can securely 
 carry into effect any laudable and practicable undertaking. 
 
 Mount Auburn Cemetery had a diligent and clear-sighted projector, 
 and an influential board to carry out the necessary designs — who 
 began with properly directed views in regard to the benefit of living 
 humanity. It has therefore gone on and prospered. Already its 
 limits have been extended by a new purchase of land, and it now 
 covers one hundred and ten acres. Upwards of one thousand two 
 hundred proprietors have purchased lots of varied extent, and there 
 is room enough for vast additions to the numbers of the buried dead. 
 " Mount Auburn," said the lamented Storv, in his Consecration Ad- 
 dress, " in the noblest sense, belongs no longer to the living, but to the 
 dead. It is a sacred, it is an eternal trust. It is consecrated ground. 
 May it remain forever, inviolate !" 
 
 The distance of Mount Auburn from the metropolis of Massachu- 
 setts is about four miles. It is partly within the limits of Cambridge 
 and Watertovvn, and is situated on the south side of the main road 
 leading from the first-named town to the last. The Cemetery is laid
 
 14 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 out, thus far, iu twenty-three intersecting avenues, and about seventy- 
 four foot-paths ; and here we may be permitted to re-appropriate the 
 lines of the poet, in applying to natural beauty what he so properly 
 condemns in the formal school of his time ; and to say literally, in 
 view of the forest umbrageousness of these numerous openings, that 
 
 " tree nods to tree, 
 
 Each alley has its brother." 
 
 The avenues arc winding in their course and exceedingly beautiful in 
 their gentle circuits, adapted picture.sqitely to the inequalities of the sur- 
 face of the ground, and producing charming landscape effects from this 
 natural arrangement, such as could never be had from straightness or 
 regularity. Various small lakes, or ponds of different size and shape, 
 embellish the groimds ; and some of these have been so cleansed, 
 deepened, and banked, as to present a pleasant feature in this wide- 
 spread extent of forest loveliness — this ground of hallowed purpose. 
 The gates of the enclosure are opened at sunrise and closed al 
 sunset, and thither crowds go up to meditate, and to wander in a 
 field of peace ; to twine the votive garlanjd around the simple head- 
 stone, or to sow the seed of floral life over the new-made grave — fit 
 emblems of our own growth, decay, and death. Moimt Auburn 
 appears to be "the lir.st example in modern times of so large a tract 
 of ground being selected for its natural beauties, and submitted to the 
 processes of landscape gardening, to prepare it for the reception of the 
 dead." 
 
 The present price of a lot is Si 00 for three hundred superficial 
 square feel, jiiid in proportion for a larger lot. Tiie nuniI)or of monu- 
 ments already erected, amounts to nearly ilircc iiundrcd, many of
 
 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 15 
 
 wliich are elegant and costly. Limited pecuniary means will proba- 
 bly ever be a reason why the majority of these tributes to the 
 departed will be of a simple character, and erected at small expense. 
 But good taste, happily, is not subservient to the power of gold, and 
 should ever be consulted even in the sin)plest memorial. The wealth 
 \\ hicli justifies large expenditures is not always successfully applied, 
 and we have seen sepulchral structures of high cost, which, to the 
 beholder, admitted of no other feeling than that they were monuments 
 of the bad taste of the designer. An understanding of purely classic 
 forms, and a chaste taste, will cause an enduring memorial to be placed 
 over a departed friend, which shall be a model of unpretending 
 beauty ; but a false taste will erect a clumsy mass of granite or mar- 
 ble, which shall exhibit, perhaps, a futile effort to surpass others, and 
 be in reality an architectural abomination. The grassy and elevated 
 mound duly planted with the flowers of the revolving seasons, and 
 watered by the hand of affection, is a far better and more pleasing 
 monument than an unsuccessful effort of the other kind, and infinitely 
 more grateful to the traveller's eye. "I have seen," says the venerable 
 Chateaubriand, "memorable monuments to Crassus and to Caesar, but 
 I prefer the airy tombs of the Indians, those mausoleums of flowers 
 and verdure refreshed by the morning dew, embalmed and fanned 
 by the breeze, and over which waves the same branch where the 
 blackbird builds his nest, and utters forth his plaintive melody." 
 
 To render Mount Auburn or any other rural burial-place all that it 
 ought to be in the way of monumental beauty, the utmost care should 
 be paid to the classic selection and proper variety of its sepulchral 
 devices — its cenotaphs, monoliths, and obelisks; and they should 
 be constructed of material least calculated to be impaired by the
 
 16 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 influences of time and weather. Neatness should always be observed 
 in the cultivation of that floral growth which constitutes another kind 
 of burial offering. The flowers planted on or around the spot of in- 
 terment, whilst as far as possible maintaining their natural appear- 
 ance, should never be permitted to run together and crowd like weeds, 
 but should be so carefully trained, separated, and arranged, as to 
 impress the passer-by with a sure feeling that those interred beneath, 
 have a perpetual memory in the hearts of the survivors ; that they are 
 dulv cared for as perennial memorials of the love of friends, or, what 
 is more comforting still, as symbols and types of the resurrection ! 
 
 " Then will we love the modest flower, 
 And cherish it with tears ; 
 It minds us of our fleeting time, 
 Yet chases all our fears. 
 
 "And when our hour of rest shall be, 
 We will not weep our doom ; 
 So angel-mission'd flowers may come 
 And gather round the tomb !"
 
 THE PORTAL. 
 
 ' Speak low ! the place is holy to the breath 
 Of awful harmonies, of whisper'd prayer ; 
 Tread lightly ! for the sanctity of death 
 
 Broods with a voiceless influence on the air : 
 Stern, yet serene I a reconciling spell. 
 Each troubled billow of the soul to quell." 
 
 The main entrance to this favored "haunt of nature" — this solemn, 
 and now consecrated fane — exemplifies the beauty of adaptation to 
 the dignity of a mighty sepulchre, — one of those forest-groves which 
 the poet has called the " first temples" of the Almighty — one of those 
 ancient sanctuaries, which had their being long 
 
 " Ere man had learn'd 
 To hew the shaft and lay the architrave, 
 And spread the roof above them." 
 
 Originally the portal was of wood, rough-cast, in imitation of stone, 
 and the connected paling on either side was of wood also. The lofty 
 entrance-gate has now been reconstructed, in granite, in the same 
 style of architecture as at first — the Egyptian — and it presents to the
 
 18 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 beholder au imposing structure, the very massiveness and complete 
 workmanship of which, insures au almost eternal duration. It is less 
 heavy, however, than the common examples of that style. Its piers 
 have not the pyramidal or sloping form so common in Egyptian edi- 
 fices, but are made vertically erect, like the more chaste examples in 
 the great portals of Thebes and Denderah. The massive cornice by 
 which it is surmounted is of a single stone, measuring 24 feet in 
 height by 12 in breadth. It is ornamented with the "winged globe" 
 and fluted foliage of the Egyptian style, and bears underneath this 
 inscription, in raised letters, between its filleted mouldings : — 
 
 "Then shall the Dust return to the Karth as it was, and the Spirit shall 
 
 RETURN unto GoD WHO GAVE IT." 
 
 "MOUNT AUBURN. 
 
 Consecrated Septejiber 24, 1831." 
 
 The two low structures at the sides, are rooms occupied as the 
 porter's lodge, and the office of the superintendent. 
 
 As regards monuments or designs of the Egyptian style, for places 
 of Christian iiilcnncnl, wo are aware that an objection made to 
 tliciii lias been, that they mark a period anterior to Christian civili/.a- 
 tioii — a [xriod of relative degradation and paganism; but it has ever 
 been ;i pleasure willi llic iboughtful, to look beyond the actual ajipcar- 
 ance of a (igure, to the right development of its original idea. The 
 now niythologizcd doctrines of Egypt, seem to have been liie original
 
 THE PORTAL. 19 
 
 source of others more ciiuobling ; and liieroglyphical discoveries liave 
 traced, and are tracing them far beyond the era of the pyramids, to an 
 unknown limit, but to a pure, sacred, and divine source. When the 
 art of writing was unknown, the primeval Egyptians resorted to sym- 
 bols and emblems to express their faith ; and these, as correctly inter- 
 preted, certainly present many sublime ideas in connection with those 
 great truths which in an after age constituted the doctrines of " Chris- 
 tianity!' Some of their sculptures and paintings were undoubtedly 
 symbolical of the resurrection of the soul, a dread of the final judg- 
 ment, and a belief in Omnipotent justice. The very iryramidal shape, 
 of which the Egyptians were so fond, is believed to indicate an idea 
 not disgraceful to a wholly Christian era. The reason why this form 
 was chosen for their tombs, is declared by the learned Rosellini to 
 have been, because it represented the mountain, the holy hill, the 
 divine sanctuary cut in the mountain, i. e., the tomb. The mountain 
 was sacred among the Egyptians as the abode of the dead, and was 
 identical with the sepxdchre, the nether world, and their Amenti, the 
 future state. The image or figure of a hill became an emblem of 
 death, and the pyramidal form, which imitated it, was a funereal symbol 
 — an object consecrated to the abode of the departed. The "winged 
 globe," which is carved on the gateway of Mount Auburn, is a most 
 beautiful emblem of benign protection. In the form of a sun, with 
 outstretched wings, it covers the facades of most Egyptian buildings, 
 and was the primitive type of the divine wisdom — the universal Pro- 
 tector. We do not know of a more fitting emblem than this for the 
 abode of the dead, which we may well suppose to be overshadowed 
 with the protecting wings of Him who is the great author of our 
 being — the "giver of hfe and death."
 
 20 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 The gateway of JNIouut Auburn opens from what is known as the 
 old Cambridge road, and in front of Central Avenue, on the north 
 boundary hue of the Cemetery. This avenue forms a wide carriage- 
 road, and is one of the most beautiful openings ever improved for such 
 a purpose. With the exception of the necessary grading, levelling, and 
 cutting down of the brushwood, and the planting of a few trees, it has 
 been left as Nature has made it. On either side it is overshadowed 
 by the foliage of forest-trees, firs, pines, and other evergreens ; and 
 here you first begin to see the monuments starting up from the sur- 
 rounding verdure, like bright remembrances from the heart of earth. 
 
 In 1844, the increasing funds of the corporation justified a new ex- 
 penditure for the plain but massy iron fence which encloses the front 
 of the Cemetery. This fence is ten feet in height, and supported on 
 granite posts extending four feet into the ground. It measures half a 
 mile in length, and will, when completed, effectually preserve the Cem- 
 etery inviolate from any rude intrusion. The cost of the gateway was 
 about SlO.OOO— the fence, $15,000. 
 
 A continuation of the iron fence on the easterly side is now under 
 contract, and a strong wooden palisade is, as we learn, to be erected 
 on the remaining boundary during the present year.
 
 THE BINNEY MONUMENT. 
 
 " A lovely shrine ! a cherub form 
 Extended on its marble bed 
 As if the gentle dews of sleep 
 
 Had droop'd the little floweret's head. 
 Fair image ! spotless as the snow ; 
 Pure as the angel shape below, 
 When first that lifeless sleeper came, 
 In the brown mould to rest its frame.'' 
 
 The monumeut of wliicli the engraving gives so pleasing a view, 
 is in Yarrow Path, and tlie ligurc itself is a most accurate resem- 
 blance of the cherub child of whose image it is the embodiment. 
 It is the work of Henry Dexter, an artist of taste and reputation, and 
 was taken just as the original lay on her pallet after death ; — even 
 the indenture on the bed, made by the body, is strikingly represented ; 
 the hands are crossed upon the breast, and the feet bare, and crossed 
 likewise. When first finished, in all the shining purity of the marble, 
 the statue, notwithstanding the coldness of the substance, seemed to 
 have an actual life about it. In its recumbent posture, and with the 
 pillowed head, it appears indeed like an infant sleeping : — 
 
 " She had no pulse, but death seem'd absent still." 
 
 The "marble bed" upon which this infant figure reposes, is surrounded 
 with four small columns, and the finished work is a meet memo-
 
 22 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 rial of departed iimocence aud beauty. It reminds us of the lost child 
 of the Indian mother, whom Chateaubriand describes as coming to 
 plant flowers itpon the turf where reposed her departed infant, whom 
 she thus addresses : — " Why should I deplore thy early grave, oh ! my 
 first-born ? When the uewly fledged bird first seeks his food, he finds 
 many bitter grains. Thou hast never felt the pangs of sorrow, and thy 
 heart was never polluted by the poisonous breath of man. The rose 
 that is nipped in the bud, dies enclosed with all its perfumes, like thee, 
 my child, with all thy innocence. Happy are those who die in 
 infancy ; they have never known the joys or sorrows of a mother." 
 
 This expression of chastened grief is as touching as it is pure. We 
 cannot forget, in its connection, the promise of Him who said of little 
 children, " of such is the kingdom of heaven." 
 
 This beautiful monument, so much visited by wanderers over Mount 
 Auburn, exhibits the first marble statue executed in Boston, and it 
 marks the lot of C. J. F. Binney, Esq., of Boston. There are now but 
 two personal representations in Mount Auburn, and this is one of them. 
 Monumental tributes of this class are as yet rare in our country, though 
 no style can be more appropriate in memory of buried friends. The 
 following verses form an impromptu tribute, on beholding the marble 
 memorial in Yarrow Path : — 
 
 " The dread power of heaven alone can restore 
 That life to the dead, whicli it gave them before ; 
 lint man's lofty genius can rescue from death, 
 The last lovely look, the last smile, the last breath. 
 
 " The sculptor, in marble, a life can restore, 
 That never will perish till time be no more ; 
 Thus the great, the ingenious, the lovely and pure, 
 l''or example, applause, and affection endure."
 
 #J 
 
 '^3
 
 THE NAVAL MONUMENT. 
 
 " And long they look'd, but never spied 
 The welcome step agaiji." 
 
 " Near the deep was the slaughter, 
 And there the sudden blow, 
 Brave blood pour'd out like water, — 
 The vengeance of the foe." 
 
 The principal obelisk represented in the opposite engraving, is a 
 lofty cenotaph of pure white marble, ornamented on the four sides 
 with festoons of roses in relievo, and presenting altogether a monument 
 of good proportion, strikingly chaste and simple. It is erected to 
 the memory of four officers of the United States Exploring Expedition, 
 the melancholy termination of whose lives is here briefly recorded 
 by the surviving companions of their noble and perilous enterprise. 
 Their melancholy fate was not met in the reckless pursuit of gain, nor 
 in the mad chase after military glory; but in the nobler and equally
 
 24 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 daring career of the pioneers of civilization, in extending the bounds 
 of humanity and science, whilst surveying unknown seas for the benefit 
 and security of those who were to come after them. 
 
 The fate of two of the young officers — passed midshipmen James 
 W. Reid and Frederic A. Bacon — whose names are recorded upon 
 the marble, is shrouded in obscurity. Among the vessels of the expe- 
 dition, were two New York pilot-boats, called the Flying-fish and the 
 Seagull, — the latter commanded by Mr. Reid, who had with him Mr. 
 Bacon and fifteen men. The other vessels having sailed from Orange 
 Bay, near Cape Horn, on the 28th April, 1839, these two small vessels 
 also took their departure for Valparaiso. A heavy gale came on 
 during that night, and the Flying-fish returned to her anchorage, hav- 
 ing lost sight of the Seagull. The other vessels arrived in safety, but 
 the little Seagull was never heard of more. The commodore of the 
 Pacific station, some time afterwards, dispatched a man-of-war to 
 search the shores of Terra d(>l Fuego — but it was in vain. She is 
 supposed to have foundered in the boisterous seas off Cape Horn, 
 when all on board must have perished. Lieut. Wilkes, commander of 
 the expedition, speaks of those two officers as having no superiors in 
 the squadron, for the station they occupied. " They brought with them 
 into the expedition," he says, "a high character; and during the short 
 period in which tlioy were attached to it. they were distinguished for 
 their devotcduess to llie arduous service in which they were engaged." 
 jNFr. Bacon was a native of Connecticut. Mr. Reid, a native of Geor- 
 gia, son of the late Ciov. Reid of I'lorid;!. 
 
 On the reverse side of this ecn(il;i|ili, tiie inscription reads as 
 follows: —
 
 THE NAVAL MONUMENT. 25 
 
 TO THE MEMORY OF 
 
 Lieutenant JOSEPH A. UNDERWOOD, 
 
 AND 
 
 Midshipman WILKES HENRY, 
 
 WHO FELL BY THE HAKDS OF SAVAGES, WHILST PROMOTING THE CAUSE OF SCIENCE 
 
 AND PHILANTHROPY, 
 
 At MoLOLO, ONE OF THE FejEE GROUP OP IsLANDS, 
 
 July 24, 1840. 
 
 The sanguinary and barbarous character of the Fejee islanders, has 
 long been a theme of marvel to the whalers and traders to the Pacific, 
 but the atrocity of their premeditated and entirely unprovoked attack 
 upon poor Underwood and his party, has rarely been surpassed. 
 These officers had boldly gone on shore to procure provision from the 
 natives, when they were suddenly attacked by some of the cannibals 
 of the place, and killed by club wounds. 
 
 All the usual precautions in dealing with these treacherous savages 
 were adopted : a native, supposed at that time to be a chief, secured in 
 the boat as hostage, and the remainder of the party, with the boats 
 and arms, being ready for any emergency. But alas ! the wily canni- 
 bals had laid their plans with a too fatal certainty. Having lured Mr. 
 Underwood and his party on shore, and whilst their attention was en- 
 gaged in bartering, the hostage leaped overboard, making his escape ; 
 and at the same moment, as if by preconcerted signal, the natives 
 sprang from their hiding-places, and fell upon them with spears and 
 war-clubs, in overpowering numbers. And here it was that the cool- 
 ness and heroic, self-sacrificing spirit of the officers shone forth glo-
 
 26 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 riously, — exposing their own lives in covering the retreat of the men, 
 Avho all made their escape, while Underwood and Henry, after a short 
 conflict, were beaten down by the war-clubs of the fell destroyers. 
 
 Such was the tragic fate of these brave men, in connection with 
 which there is but one alleviating circumstance — that their bodies 
 were rescued from the savage foe. Though interred leagues from home 
 and kindred, where no tear of affection could water the bier, they 
 received a Christian sepulture, where the thick trees wave over their 
 hidden graves, and where, ten miles from the place of the massacre, 
 the everlasting rocks will be their eternal monument ! Their bodies 
 were transported to one of the sand-islands of a neighboring group, 
 and, wrapped in their country's flag, were suitably interred there. 
 The following affecting passage in relation to this melancholy service, 
 is from Capt. Wilkes' Narrative of the Exploring Expedition: — 
 
 " Twenty sailors, (all dressed in white,) with myself and officers, 
 landed to pay this last mark of affection and respect to those who had 
 shared so many dangers with us, and of whom we were so suddenly 
 bereaved. The quiet of the scene, the solemnity of the occasion, and 
 the smallness of the number who assisted, were all calculated to pro- 
 duce an unbroken silence. The bodies were quietly taken up and 
 borne along to the centre of the island, where stood a grove of ficus 
 trees, whose limbs were entwined in all directions by running vines. 
 It was a lonely and suitable spot, in a shade so dense that scarce a ray 
 of the sun could penetrate it. The grave was dug deep and wide in 
 tiic pure white sand, and the funeral service read over the remains 
 with such deep feeling, that none will forget the impression of that sad 
 half hour. After the bodies had been closed in, three volleys were 
 fired over the grave, and every precaution taken to erase all marks
 
 THE NAVAL MONUMENT. 27 
 
 that might indicate where these unfortunate gentlemen were interred. 
 To fix a more enduring mark on the place, the island itself was named 
 after young ' Henry,' and the cluster of which it forms one, ' Under- 
 wood Group.' " 
 
 The cenotaph at Mount Auburn stands upon Central Avenue, and 
 tells the lingerer upon the spot, that it was erected to the memory of 
 these unfortunate men, " by their associates, the officers and scientific 
 corps of the United States Exploring Expedition." 
 
 The other obelisk seen in the engraving, marks the lot of B. Fiske, 
 Esq., of Boston.
 
 INTERMENT OF THE DEAD. 
 
 In the first number of this work we have dwelt upon the natural 
 and picturesque beauties of Mount Auburn, and have presented the 
 reasons why this remarkable spot seemed eminently adapted for a re- 
 pository of the dead, and a place of consolation to the living. We 
 have thought it well to commence this second part with some more 
 philosophical views of the advantage and necessity of suburban ceme- 
 teries, such as form the subjects of these serial publications. For this 
 purpose, we have made use of a lecture delivered in Boston, by Dr. 
 BiGELow, at the time when the subject was first agitated among us. 
 Some portions of this discourse we have inserted at length, and others 
 in a condensed form. 
 
 " The manner in which we dispose of the remains of our deceased 
 friends, is a subject which has begun, of late, to occupy a large share of 
 the public attention. It involves not only considerations which belong 
 to the piil)lic convenience, but includes also the gratification of indi- 
 vidual taste and the consolation of private sorrow. Although, in a 
 strictly philosophical view, this subject possesses but little importance, 
 except in relation to the convenience of survivors, yet so closely are
 
 INTERMENT OF THE DEAD. 29 
 
 our sympathies enlisted with it, and so inseparably do we connect the 
 feelings of the living with the condition of the dead, that it is in vain 
 that we attempt to divest ourselves of its influence. It is incumbent 
 upon us, therefore, to analyze, as far as we may be able, the principles 
 which belong to a correct view of the subject, — since it is only by un- 
 derstanding these, that we may expect both reason and feeling to be 
 satisfied." 
 
 " The progress of all organized beings is towards decay. The com- 
 plicated textures which the living body elaborates within itself, begin 
 to fall asunder almost as soon as life has ceased. The materials of 
 which animals and vegetables are composed, have natural laws and 
 irresistible affinities, which are suspended during the period of life, but 
 which must be obeyed the moment that life is extinct. These con- 
 tinue to operate until the exquisite fabric is reduced to a condition in 
 nowise different from that of the soil on which it has once trodden. 
 In certain cases art may modify, and accident may retard the ap- 
 proaches of disorganization, but the exceptions thus produced ^re too 
 few and imperfect to invalidate the certainty of the general law. 
 
 " If we take a comprehensive survey of the progress and mutations 
 of animal and vegetable Ufe, we shall perceive that this necessity of 
 individual destruction is the basis of general safety. The elements 
 which have once moved and circulated in living frames, do not be- 
 come extinct nor useless after death ; — they offer themselves as the 
 materials from which other living frames are to be constructed. What 
 has once possessed life is most assimilated to the living character, and 
 most ready to partake of life again. The plant which springs from 
 the earth, after attaining its growth and perpetuating its species, falls 
 to the ground, undergoes decomposition, and contributes its remains to
 
 30 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 the nourishment of plants around it. The myriads of animals which 
 range the woods or inhabit the air, at length die upon the surface of 
 the earth, and if not devoured by other animals, prepare for vegetation 
 the place which receives their remains. Were it not for this law of 
 nature, the soil would be soon exhausted, the earth's surface would be- 
 come a barren waste, and the whole race of organized beings, for want 
 of sustenance, would become extinct. 
 
 " Man alone, the master of the creation, does not willingly stoop to 
 become a participator in the routine of nature. In every age he has 
 manifested a disposition to exempt himself, and to rescue his fellow, 
 from the common fate of living beings. Although he is prodigal of 
 the lives of other classes, and sometimes sacrifices a hundred inferior 
 bodies to procure for himself a single repast, yet he regards with scru- 
 pulous anxiety the destination of his own remains ; and much labor 
 and treasure are devoted by him to ward off for a season the inevita- 
 ble courses of nature. Under the apprehension of posthumous degra- 
 dation, human bodies have been embalmed, — their concentrated dust 
 has been enclosed in golden urns, — monumental fortresses have been 
 piled over their decaying bones ; — with what success and with what 
 use, it remains to be considered." 
 
 A few instances are selected, in \\ hich measures have been taken 
 to protect the human frame from decay, which will be seen to have 
 been, in some cases, partially successful, in others not so. 
 
 King Edward I. of England died in 1307. His body was embalmed, 
 and buried in Westminster Abbey. About 467 years afterwards, a 
 number of antiquarians obtained leave to open the sarcophagus, when 
 the body was found in a high state of preservation. 
 
 Another instance of nearly the same result is recollected in the
 
 INTERMENT OF THE DEAD. 31 
 
 body of King Cliailos I. This was found by accident at Windsor, in 
 1813, in the wall of the vault of Henry VIII. The coffin bore 
 the inscription, "King Charles, 1648." Sir Henry Halford examined 
 the body in tlie presence of the royal family, and has given to the 
 world an interesting account of the examination. 
 
 These are declared to be two of the most successful instances of 
 posthumous preservation. In other embalmed bodies there have been 
 very different results. The coffin of Henry VIII. was inspected at the 
 same time with that of Charles, and found to contain nothing but the 
 mere skeleton of the king. During the present century the sarcopha- 
 gus of King John has also been examined : it contained little else 
 than a disorganized mass of earth. 
 
 The rapidity with which decomposition takes place in organic 
 bodies, depends upon the particular circumstances under which they 
 are placed. A certain temperature and a certain degree of moisture 
 are indispensable agents in the common process of putrefaction ; and 
 could these be avoided in the habitable parts of our globe, human 
 bodies might last indefinitely. Where a great degree of cold exists, it 
 tends powerfully to check the process of destructive fermentation ; and 
 when it extends so far as to produce congelation, its protecting power 
 is complete. Bodies of men have been found in a state of perfect 
 preservation amongst the snows of the Andes and Alps ; and an ele- 
 phant of an extinct species was found in 1806, imbedded in an ice- 
 rock of the polar sea, having been first seen in this position in 1799. 
 It required five summers to melt the ice so that the entire body could 
 be liberated. These facts are sufficient to show that a low degree of 
 temperature is an cfTectual preventive of animal decomposition. On 
 the other hand, a certain degree of heat, combined with a dry atmo-
 
 32 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 sphere, although a less perfect protection, is sufficient to check the 
 destructive process. Warmth, combined with moisture, tends greatly 
 to promote decomposition ; yet if the degree of heat, or the circum- 
 stances under which it acts, are such as to produce a perfect dissipa- 
 tion of moisture, the further progress of decay is arrested. In the arid 
 caverns of Egypt, the dried flesh of mummies, although greatly changed 
 from its original appearance, has made no progress towards ultimate 
 decomposition, during two or three thousand years. 
 
 " In the crypt under the cathedral of Milan, travellers are shown 
 the ghastly relics of Carlo Borromeo, as they have lain for two centu- 
 ries, enclosed in a crystal sarcophagus, and bedecked with costly finery 
 of silk and gold. The preservation of this body is equal to that of an 
 Egyptian mummy ; yet a more loathsome piece of mockery than it ex- 
 hibits can hardly be imagined. 
 
 " It will be perceived that the instances which have been detailed, 
 are cases of extraordinary exemption, resulting from uncommon care,* 
 or from the most favorable combination of circumstances, — such as 
 can befall but an exceedingly small portion of the human race. The 
 common fate of animal bodies is to undergo the entire destruction of 
 their fabric, and the obliteration of their living features in a few years, 
 and sometimes even weeks, after their death. No sooner does life 
 cease, than the elements which constituted the vital body become sub- 
 ject to the common laws of inert matter. The original affinities, 
 which had been modified or suspended during life, are brought into 
 operation ; the elementary atoms react upon each other ; the organ- 
 ized structure passes into decay, and is converted into its original 
 dust. Such is the natural, and we may add, the proper destination of 
 the material part of all that has once moved and breathed.
 
 INTERMENT OF THE DEAD. 33 
 
 " The reflections which naturally suggest themselves, in contempla- 
 ting the wrecks of humanity which have occasionally been brought to 
 light, are such as to lead us to ask, — Of what possible use is a resist- 
 ance to the laws of nature, which, when most successfully executed, 
 can at best only preserve a defaced and degraded image of what was 
 once perfect and beautiful 1 Could we by any means arrest the pro- 
 gress of decay, so as to gather round us the dead of a hundred gener- 
 ations in a visible and tangible shape ; could we fill our houses and 
 our streets with mummies, — what possible acquisition could be more 
 useless — what custom could be more revolting 1 For precisely the 
 same reason, the subterranean vaults and the walls of brick, which we 
 construct to divide the clay of humanity from that of the rest of crea- 
 tion, and to preserve it separate for a time, as it were, for future in- 
 spection, are neither useful, gratifying, nor ultimately effectual. Could 
 the individuals themselves, who are to be the subjects of this care, 
 have the power to regulate the officious zeal of their survivors, one of 
 the last things they could reasonably desire would be, that the light 
 should ever shine on their changed and crumbling relics. 
 
 " On the other hand, when nature is permitted to take her course — 
 when the dead are committed to the earth under the open sky, to be- 
 come early and peacefiilly blended with their original dust, no unpleas- 
 ant association remains. It would seem as if the forbidding and 
 repulsive conditions which attend on decay, were merged and lost in 
 the surrounding harmonies of the creation. 
 
 " When the body of Major Andre was taken up, a few years since, 
 from the place of its interment near the Hudson, for the purpose of 
 being removed to England, it was found that the skull of that officer 
 was closely encircled by a network formed by the roots of a smal
 
 34 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 tree, which had been planted near his head. This is a natural and 
 most beautifnl coincidence. It would seem as if a faithful sentinel 
 had taken his post, to watcli till the obliterated ashes should no longer 
 need a friend. Could we associate with inanimate clay any of the 
 feelings of sentient beings, ^^ho would not wish to rescue his remains 
 from the prisons of mankind, and connnit them thus to the embrace of 
 nature ? 
 
 " Convenience, health, and decency require that the dead should be 
 earlv removed from our sight. The law of nature ordains that they 
 should moulder into dust ; and the sooner this change is accomplished 
 the better. This change should take place, not in the immediate con- 
 tiguity of survivors, — not in frequented receptacles, provided for the 
 promiscuous concentration of numbers, — not where the intruding light 
 may annually usher in a new tenant, to encroach upon the old. It 
 should take place peacefully, silently, separately — in the retired valley 
 or the sequestered wood, where the soil continues its primitive exuber- 
 ance, and where the earth has not become too costly to afford to each 
 occupant at least his lengtli and breadth. 
 
 " Within tlie bounds of populous and growing cities, interments can- 
 not with propriety take place beyond a limited extent. The vacant 
 tracts reserved for burial-grounds, and the cellars of churcbes which 
 are converted into touibs, become glutted with inhabitants, and are iu 
 the end obliged to be al)aud(iiH'd, though not, perhaps, until tlie original 
 tenants have been ejected, and the same space has been occupied 
 three or four successive times. Necessity obliges a recourse at last to 
 be had to the neiglil)oriiig country; and hence in Paris, Loudon, Liv- 
 erpool, Leghorn, and other I<)uropean cities, cemeteries have l)een 
 constructed wiliioiit the confines of their jjopuiation. These places,
 
 INTERMENT OV THE DEAD. 35 
 
 in consequence of the sufficiency of the ground, and the funds which 
 usually grow out of such estahlishnients, have been made the recipi- 
 ents of tasteful ornament. Travellers are attracted by their beauty, 
 and dwell with interest on their subsequent recollection. The scenes 
 which, under most other circumstances, are repulsive and disgusting, 
 are by the joint influence of nature and art rendered beautiful, at- 
 tractive, and consoling." 
 
 " We regard the relics of our deceased friends and kindred for 
 what they have been, and not for what they are. We cannot keep in 
 our presence the degraded image of the original frame ; and if some 
 memorial is necessary to soothe the unsatisfied want which we feel 
 when bereaved of their presence, it must be found in contemplating 
 the place in which we know their dust is hidden. The history of 
 mankind in all ages, shows that the human heart clings to the grave 
 of its disappointed wishes, — that it seeks consolation in rearing em- 
 blems and monuments, and in collecting images of beauty over the 
 disappearing relics of humanity. This can be fitly done, not in the 
 tumultuous and harassing din of cities, — not in the gloomy and almost 
 unapproachable vaults of charnel-houses, — but amidst the quiet ver- 
 dure of the field, under the broad and cheerful light of heaven, where 
 the harmonious and ever-changing face of nature reminds us, by its 
 resuscitating influences, that to die is but to live again."
 
 THE CHAPEL. 
 
 " For the departed soul they raise 
 A requiem sad, a psalm of praise." 
 
 [MoLellan. 
 
 " How full of consolation here may be 
 The voice of him, whose office 'lis to give 
 ' Ashes to ashes, dust to dust.' " 
 
 [PlERPONT. 
 
 In a spot consecrated to so holy a purpose as Mount Auburn, the 
 propriety of a structure in wliich the last services may be performed 
 over the dead, strikes the mind at once ; and with some denominations 
 of Christians, is almost of absolute necessity. Amongst Episcopalians, 
 for instance, the corpse is carried before the mourners, and preceded 
 by the minister, who is required to read the burial service, " either en- 
 tering the church or going towards the grave." Individuals of other 
 sects, who have lost friends by death, have a preference, sometimes, 
 that the service should be performed on the ground of interment, 
 rather than in tlieir own houses, as is the eonunon eusloni. These 
 ceremonies, in favorable weather, have been performed in the open
 
 THE CHAPEL. - 37 
 
 air, \\ hen a peculiar solemnity has been imparted to them ; but iu in- 
 clement seasons, it is evident that such church requirements or personal 
 feelings could not be gratified. The erection of a chapel at Mount 
 Auburn u ould, it was known, obviate this difficulty, and be a gratifica- 
 tion to sorrowing friends ; whilst such a building would also afford a 
 suitable place for the reception of statues, busts, and other delicate 
 pieces of sculpture, liable to injury from exposure to the weather. 
 Within the past year such an edifice has been constructed. It is 
 erected upon elevated ground, on the right of Central Avenue, not far 
 from the entrance, and with its Gothic pinnacles pointing heaven- 
 ward, forms a picturesque object, as a view of it is caught ever and 
 anon from the various turnings. It is built of granite ; is 66 feet by 40 
 in dimensions ; with its decorations mostly taken from the continental 
 examples in France and Germany. The exterior is surrounded with 
 octagonal buttresses and pinnacles, and the clerestory is supported by 
 Gothic pillars. Care has been taken to produce a certain kind of 
 light in the interior, mellow, solemn, most in consonance with the 
 especial object of the edifice, and, at the same time, such as would 
 pleasingly reflect upon statuary and other decorations of sculpture. 
 With reference to these effects, the light has been admitted only from 
 the ends of the building, and above from the clerestory. The win- 
 dows are of colored glass ; and as the broad mid-day light enters 
 through them, it plays in prismatic hues upon the sombre columns and 
 vaults, — relieves the gloom, — and reminds one by its radiance, as the 
 bow in the clouds reminded Campbell, of the beautiful forms of angel 
 goodness following the thunder and the storm ; coming, not severe in 
 wrath, but with a garment of brightness ; and bringing a blessed mem- 
 ory of the power of that high and holy One who made both the light 
 
 146812
 
 38 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 and the darkness, — ordered life and death, mortality and innnor- 
 taUty. 
 
 In the head of the large nave window, Is a beautiful allegorical de- 
 sign, representing peaceful death. It consists of a winged female 
 figure asleep, and floating in the clouds, bearing in her arms two sleep- 
 ing infants. The babes in the sweet repose of the mother's breast, 
 and the whole ascending group in that sleep which indicates the loos- 
 ening of the silver cord, forms a beautiful design, imperceptibly leading 
 the beholder to sympathize with the mother's spirit, peacefully dream- 
 ing, as it were, in the words of Mrs. Hemans, — 
 
 " Free, free from earth-born fear, 
 I would range the blessed skies, 
 
 Through the blue divinely clear, 
 Where the low mists cannot rise." 
 
 The outline of this design is taken mainly from Thorwaldsen's cele- 
 brated bas-relief of " Night," and well recalls the reunion of parentr 
 and children in their final rest. In the centre of the rose-window 
 which forms a conspicuous part of the front, is a painted design em- 
 blematic of immortality, consisting of two cherubs from Raphael's Ma- 
 donna di San Sisto, gazing upwards with their well-known expression 
 of adoration and love, into what, in this instance, is a light or " glory," 
 proceeding from beyond the picture. These windows have been 
 made under the direction of Mr. Hay of Edinburgh, author of several 
 philosophic treatises on the harmony of colors. They are executed 
 by Messrs. Ballantyne and Allan, the artists who have been lately se- 
 lected. Iiv tlie commissioners on the fine arts, lo make the wiiulows for 
 llie new J louses of Parliamciil in London. The enlire cost of the
 
 TIIK CHAPEL. 39 
 
 chapel has hocu about $25,000 ; nearly a third of which sum was ob- 
 taiucd by subscriptiou. 
 
 We know not any domain (except it be the great world itself) that 
 can better show forth the connection existing between taste and 
 morals, than the various surface of a rural burial-place. The cultiva- 
 tion of the hue arts may there be exhibited in a genuine spirit of 
 beauty and of purity; and floriculture can be made lovingly to "tes- 
 selate the floor of nature's temple." The poet there may gain new 
 perceptions of truth and beauty from varied forms and shapes of be- 
 ing ; and the writer of epitaphs, even, can exhibit the value of his 
 occasional and unappreciated vocation, in the ability with which the 
 judiciously written though brief inscription, may indicate the great 
 Christian hope, and point to that life beyond the present, where the 
 friends who are lost to us in this world enter upon a nobler existence. 
 Thus it is seen that taste, whether exhibited in flower-crowned 
 mounds, or in the chaste and classic monument, may exist in a rural 
 cemetery, in close connection with morals ; and it is no less true, that 
 every pure ideal of religion and virtue grows in beauty by the food 
 upon which it feeds. In this way a progress towards excellence is at- 
 tained, and the rural burying-place becomes the means to a great end. 
 The resting-place of the dead, in this view, may be said to be as a 
 city, " whose foundations arc garnished with all manner of precious 
 stones, whose streets are of pure gold, and whose gates are of pearl."
 
 THE MONUMENT TO SPURZHEIM. 
 
 " Land of the golden vine, 
 Land of the lordly Rhino, 
 Weep, distant land ! 
 Weep for your son who caino 
 Hither in Learning's name. 
 Bearing her sacred flame 
 In his pure hand." 
 
 [McLellan. 
 
 The monument to Spurzheim is a copy of that of Scipio Africanus 
 at Rome, and is the first which meets the eye m liilst advancing into 
 the cemetery from the main avenue. The simple name is the only 
 record which it bears, — all other inscription or epitaph being left to 
 the hand of fame, or to the suggestive imagination and peculiar feel- 
 ings of such as may visit the shades Avlicre rest the remains of an 
 energetic and hopeful foreigner. 
 
 John Caspar Spurzheim was born in December, 177G, at Longvick, 
 a village on the Mcrelle, about seven miles from the city of Treves, in 
 the lower circle of the Rhine. He studied medicine at Vienna, and 
 becoming a pupil of the celebrated Dr. CJall, almost outdid his teacher 
 in liis cnlhusiasm lur ibe science (so called) of Phrenology. In 1805
 
 THE MONUMENT TO SPURZIIEIM. 41 
 
 he uudertook, with his master, a course ol" travels through various 
 parts of central Europe, to disseminate phrenological doctrines, and to 
 examine the heads of criminals and others in the public institutions. 
 Some of these examinations are said to have been very remarkable in 
 their results ; and notwithstanding the opposition of the great Cuvier, 
 these two sanguine associates were successful in leading a multitude 
 of individuals to place full reliance in the possibility of ascertaining 
 the intellectual and moral traits of man and animals, from the config- 
 uration of their heads. Dr. Spurzheim pursued his travels also in 
 England, Scotland, and France, the grand themes of his discourses 
 beiug the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the brain. As an 
 anatomical investigator of the brain, his skill is universally acknowl- 
 edged ; and in the development of the structure of this organ, his re- 
 searches have been of much benefit to science. In 1821, he took up 
 his residence in Paris, believing that in that vast city he should meet 
 with the best opportunities of teaching his doctrines to students from 
 all parts of the world. His lectures, however, were prohibited by the 
 French government ; and in 1825 he passed over to London, where 
 he published various works in connection with the peculiar subject of 
 his favorite investigations, and also upon the functions of the nervous 
 system. He visited the principal cities of England and Scotland, and 
 gained converts to his doctrines in almost all of them. The propaga- 
 tors of new opinions rarely fail to find supporters ; and the more inge- 
 ruous the theory — the more fascinating the manner of the expounder, 
 the more enthusiastic and stubborn are the proselytes who assume the 
 defence. Time at length presents the touchstone of immortal truth ; 
 and though it sometimes takes years to apply the test, yet delusion 
 sooner or later subsides, where there is no foundation for its contin-
 
 42 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 uance. At the present epoch, the confidence once placed in the doc- 
 trines of the phrenologists appears to have much abated. Pure science 
 has fixed laws which are ever true ; and there is a wide gulf between 
 absolutely practical knowledge, and that belief which proceeds from 
 unsubstantiated theory. The industry and zeal of Spurzheim might 
 undoubtedly have been more subservient to the good of mankind, had 
 they been applied to some other study than phrenology. 
 
 In 1832, the indefatigable pupil of Gall determined to try a new 
 field of labor, and he therefore sailed from Havre for the United 
 States. He came to this country, it is said, with a twofold purpose : 
 to study the genius and character of our people, and to propagate the 
 doctrines of phrenology. His career in America is too well remem- 
 bered to require any prolixity of detail in these pages. He was em- 
 phatically an enthusiast, and undeniably an indefatigable student; he 
 was urbane in his social deportment ; kind to his friends and charita- 
 ble to his opponents ; liberal towards the views of others, and benev- 
 olent to the \\ hole family of man. He Avas a Christian in his faith 
 and hopes; and here he was humble-minded, as the sincere believer, 
 the faithful hoper should ever be. Professor Follen says of him, that 
 "whatever particular form of faith he may have preferred, he firmly 
 believed in the essential truths of natural and revealed religion. He 
 adopted Christianity as a divine system, cliiefly on the ground of its 
 great internal evidence, its perfect adaptation lo human nature, and the 
 .spirit of truth and divine ])liilanthropy wliicli gives life to all its pre- 
 cepts. All morality, he thought, was ((iiiiiiiued in these two precej)ls, 
 — ' Tliou sliall Idvc the Lord thy God, am! lli\ neighbor as tliyseli? 
 All pray(!rs, he thought, were comprised in this one, — 'FatJur, thy trill 
 be done.' "
 
 THE MONUMENT TO SPURZIIEIM. 43 
 
 Whilst in Boston, he tasked himself severely in public lectures be- 
 fore schools and societies ; and the value of his remarks upon that 
 important topic, "physical education," are gratefully admitted. His 
 great intellectual oflorts, together with the effects of our climate, much 
 impaired his health. He became sick with fever ; medical advice was 
 unavailing; and he breathed his last on the 10th of November, 1832. 
 The Boston Medical Association as a body, and a voluntary procession 
 of citizens, escorted his remains from the old South Church, where the 
 burial-service was performed, to the cemetery of Park-street Church, 
 where they were deposited until the tomb at Mount Auburn could be 
 prepared. The monument which the engraving delineates, was the 
 result of a movement amongst the friends of the deceased, who ad- 
 mired him as a man and a lecturer, irrespectively of his peculiar 
 tenets ; but the expense was eventually defrayed by the liberality of 
 the Hon. Wm. Sturgis of Boston. America's tribute to this native of 
 the old world, in the language of one of his biographers, is thus " a 
 grave and a monument."
 
 THE LOWELL MONUMENT. 
 
 "And, as his body lies enshrined in ihe bosom of his mother earth, we can say, in the fulness of 
 our hearts, Peace to his slumbers. lie needs no monument to perpetuate liis memory ; 
 
 ' His monument shall be his name alone' " 
 
 [Anonymous. 
 
 TiiK imposing luoiiumontal structure, AvhicL the engraving accu- 
 rately represents, is constructed of granite, and stands in Willow 
 Avenue. The name of " Lowell" is carved, in raised letters, upon 
 its front, and is never read by the wanderers from the city and its ad- 
 jacent regions, without a feeling of pride, in the memories which it 
 brings up of a generation of eminent men, — benefactors to New Eng- 
 land, whether regarded as enterprising merchants, lawyers, or lovers 
 of science and literature. Our neighboring town of I>o\vell, cele- 
 brated for its manufactures, received its name in honor of the late 
 Francis C. Lowell, Esq., of Boston, one of the first who introduced 
 that magnificent enterprise, the mamifacture of cotton, inio the United 
 States. The " Lowell Institute," that fostering foundation for the at-
 
 af>- 
 
 THE LOWELL MONUMENT. 45 
 
 tainmoiit and (JiHusion of scientific, knowledge, bears the name of its 
 nuinificeut founder, — the late John Lowell, Jr., (sou of Francis C. 
 Lowell,) — and is an establishment which, in its conception and design, 
 has no parallel, cither in our own country or in Europe. " The idea 
 of a foundation of this kind," sa} s Edward Everett, " on which, un- 
 connected with any place of education, provision is made, in the midst 
 of a large commercial population, for annual courses of instruction by 
 public lectures, to be delivered gratuitously to all who choose to attend 
 them, as far as is practicable within our largest hall, is, I believe, origi- 
 nal with Mr. Lowell." 
 
 The monument to which we have thus alluded, was erected by the 
 executors of the late John Lowell, Jr., to the memory of his wife, an 
 amiable and accomplished woman, who died a few years after their 
 marriage, and of his two daughters, his only children, who did not 
 long survive their mother. The monument bears this simple inscrip- 
 tion : — 
 
 ERECTED 
 
 BY ORDER OF 
 
 JOHN LOWELL, Jr., 
 
 IN MEMORY OF 
 
 HIS WIFE AND CHILDREN, 
 
 TESTIMOMAL OF THEIK VIRTUES, 
 
 HIS AFFECTIONATE REMEMBRANCE.
 
 46 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 ]\fr. John Lowell, Jr., the son of Francis C. Lowell, Esq., who is 
 still freshly remembered amongst us, as one of those who have re- 
 flected high honor on the character of the "American merchant," was 
 also the grandson of the late Judge Lowell, whose father, the Rev, 
 John Lowell, was the first minister at Newburyport. He " was among 
 those," says Mr. Everett, " who enjoyed the public trust and confidence 
 in the times which tried men's souls, and bore his part in the greatest 
 work recorded in the annals of constitutional liberty — the American 
 Revolution." 
 
 Mr. John Lowell, Jr., was born on the 11 th of May, 1799, and was 
 indebted both to his own country and to England, for the diversified 
 education he received. Li early life, he had accompanied his fatlier 
 in extensive travels ; and he seems to have explored thoroughly the 
 most interesting sections Of the Old World. The renowned East had 
 charms for his young ambition, and excited many enterprising plans 
 for future research and discovery. 
 
 After the occurrence, in 1830-31, of the afflictive domestic events 
 to which we, have before referred, Mr. Lowell's love of foreign travel 
 revived; and he quitted his native land in 1832, with the intention of 
 spending some years abroad. He first visited Great Britain, France, 
 Central and Southern Europe, and then crossed from Smyrna to Alex- 
 andria. That section of the East, celebrated as the "land of the 
 Pharaohs," the primitive cradle of the early arts, possessed peculiar 
 charms for his inquiring mind : — Imt his travels in that country proved 
 fatal to his health. Disease assailed him ; and an illness occasioned 
 by exposure and fatigue on his tour liiroii^li tin- East, terminated his 
 v;ilu;il)l(' life at Bombay, where a siin])le moiniiiiciit marks his rest- 
 ing-place. Had III' lived, it was his inti'iilioii lo have himself erected
 
 THE LOWiaJi MONUMENT. 47 
 
 the inoniiment at Mount Auburn ; but, unlbrtunatel} , lie left no design 
 for sueh a structure, and it thus became the duty of others, faithfully 
 to carry out his \\ ishos. 
 
 We have spoken of Mr. Lowell as t lie founder of the " Lourtl In- 
 stitute ;" and it was in Egypt that he devised the establishment which 
 bears his name, and Tjequeathed the munificent sum of $250,000 to 
 carry his desires into execution. The object of this splendid bequest, 
 was the " maintenance and support of public lectures, to be deUvered 
 in Boston, upon philosophy, natural history, the arts and sciences, or 
 any of them, as the trustee shall, from time to time, deem expedient 
 for the promotion of the moral, and intellectual, and physical instruc- 
 tion or education of the citizens of Boston." A codicil to this will 
 gives directions for the furtherance of his design, as follows : — 
 
 "As the most certain and the most important part of true philoso- 
 phy, appears to me to be that which shows the connection between 
 God's revelations, and the knowledge of good and evil implanted by 
 him in our nature, I wish a course of lectures to be given on natural 
 religion, showing its conformity to that of our Saviour." 
 
 " For the more perfect demonstration of the truth of those moral 
 and religious precepts, by which alone, as I believe, men can be secure 
 of happiness in this world and that to come, I wish a course of lec- 
 tures to be delivered on the historical and internal evidences in favor 
 of Christianity. I wish all disputed points of faith and ceremony to 
 be avoided ; and the attention of the lecturers to be directed to the 
 moral doctrines of the gospel, — stating their opinion, if they will, but 
 not engaging in controversy, even on the subject of the penalty of dis- 
 obedience." 
 
 "As the prosperity of my native land. New England, which is sterile
 
 48 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 and unproductive, must depend hereafter, as it has heretofore de- 
 pended, first, on the moral qualities, and, second, on the intelligence 
 and information of its inhabitants, I am desirous of trying to con- 
 tribute towards this second object also ; and I wish courses of lectures 
 to be established on physics and chemistry, with their application to 
 the arts ; also, on botany, zoology, geology, and mineralogy, connected 
 with their particular utility to man." 
 
 "After the establishment of these courses of lectures, should dispo- 
 sable funds remain, or, in process of time, be accumulated, the trustee 
 may appoint courses of lectures to be delivered on the literature and 
 eloquence of our language, and even on those of foreign nations, if he 
 see fit. He may also, from time to time, establish lectures on any sub- 
 ject that, in his opinion, the wants and tastes of the age may de- 
 mand." 
 
 "As infidel opinions appear to me injurious to society, and ea.sily to 
 insinuate themselves into a man's dissertations on any subject, how- 
 ever remote from religion, no man ought to be appointed a lecturer, 
 who is not willing to declare, and who does not previously declare, his 
 behef in the divine revelation of the Old and New Testaments, leav- 
 ing the interpretation thereof to his own conscience." 
 
 The above extract from that part of Mr. Lowell's will a\ lilcli relates 
 to tills jjromiiiciit bequest, at once develops his whole character as a 
 Christian, a philanthropist, and a scholar, and reflects more honor 
 upon liini tlinn whole volumes of biography. 
 
 The first lecture of the Lo\\('ll Institute was delivered in the Boston 
 Odcon, (formerly the Federal-street Theatre,) on the 31 st of Decem- 
 ber, ] S3n. It was an introductory lecture, — being very properly a 
 memoir of its founder, — and was delivered I)V the ITon. Edward Ev-
 
 THE LOWELL MONUMENT. 49 
 
 erett. From that time to the present, the will of the testator has been 
 strictly carried out. Five courses of lectures have been delivered on 
 Natural Religion ; four, on the Evidences of Christianity ; five, on 
 Geology ; four, on Botany ; three, on Astronomy ; and three, on Chem- 
 istry: one course has been given upon Electricity and Electro-mag- 
 netism; one course, on Comparative Anatomy; one course, on the 
 Mechanical Laws of Matter; one course, on American History; one 
 course, on Ancient Egypt ; one course, on Optics ; one course, on 
 Architecture ; one course, on the Military Art ; one course, on the 
 Plan of Creation, as shown in the Animal Kingdom ; and one course, 
 on the Life and Writings of Milton. Each course has consisted of 
 twelve lectures ; and these have been given in the evening, whilst the 
 majority have been repeated in the afternoon, for the better accommo- 
 dation of the public, — tickets being issued for separate courses. The 
 whole number of tickets issued up to the present time, has been 
 162,309 ; whilst the number of those who have applied for them has 
 been 198,658. The whole number of lectures has been 370. 
 
 And now, in view of these brief statistics, will it be presumptuous 
 to ask, — Who can tell or foresee the consequences of these gratuitous 
 lectures ? One fact, illustrated and proved in science, philosophy, re- 
 ligion, or letters, may excite a curiosity and spirit of investigation, 
 which shall arouse dormant intellect, and add another to the proud list 
 of the world's benefactors. The spirit of investigation — that prying 
 curiosity which spurs man on to energetic action, or involves him in 
 deep and studious contemplation — has perhaps bestowed more benefits 
 on mankind, than the most brilliant gifts of genius. How little did 
 the Pharsalian rustic, when he detected the electric power of amber, 
 think that the little spark which he produced from it, was, in every 
 
 7
 
 50 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 respect but intensity, the same power wliich cleft the oak that over- 
 shadowed him ; and he who first noted the phenomena of the load- 
 stone, how little did he anticipate the consequences of the discovery ! 
 Hundreds of philosophers had passed by, unheeded, the hints of two 
 obscure men respecting the motion of the earth, — but the investigating 
 spirit of Copernicus found in them the germs of his innnortahty. 
 
 It is thus that we are indebted to patient research, for so much that 
 conduces to knowledge and comfort. But Curiosity must be first ex- 
 cited ; and where is that lever to be applied, that spirit roused, with so 
 much hope of the future, as in the lecture-room of the Lowell In- 
 stitute 1 — an establishment which can afl'ord amply to remuueratc the 
 most profound of our scientific men, the most competent of our theo- 
 logians and men of letters, — where so many minds, of such varietv, 
 capacity, and proclivity, are brought together, "without money and 
 without price," to learn truths in morals, the arts, science, and natural 
 philosophy. Cariosity once excited, ^^ho shall declare the limit of its 
 researches? In the language of that great projector, who pointed tlie 
 wealth of a vast and once almost inaccessible region, iuto the bosom 
 of the powerful commercial mart of the north, and who well knew 
 the omnipotence of knowledge, — "It feels no danger, it spares no ex- 
 pense, it omits no exertion. It scales the mountain — looks into the 
 volcano — dives into the ocean — perforates the earth — wings its flight 
 into the skies — enriches the globe — explores sea and land — contem- 
 plates the distant — examines the minute — comprehends the great — as- 
 cends to the sublime. No place is too remote for its grasp ; no heav- 
 ens too exalted for its research." It was this noble curiositv wliicli 
 held tiie torcli lliat lighted Newton through (he skies; and it is the 
 same spirit that has unlocked the caskets wliich contained so nian\
 
 THE LOWELL MONUMENT. 51 
 
 secrets in lucchauics — facilitating the progress of so many useful arts, 
 and reducing to practical reality so many theories that would, less 
 than a century ago, have been pronounced the dreams of dehrium, — 
 the application of steam-power, and the practicability of the magnetic 
 telegraph, being the latest examples. " Knowledge is power ;" and, 
 although the paths which lead to it may be rough and troublesome, 
 they lead us to pure fountains and healthful eminences. He whose 
 munificence, in 1839, enabled the citizens of Boston to avail them- 
 selves of a lecture-room, where they might not only gain knowledge, 
 but become avaricious of more, may emphatically be called one of the 
 world's benefactors. By his philanthropic will, as we have shown, he 
 not only pointed out a way of gaining pure scientific knowledge, but 
 he expressly declared, also, that some portion of the lecture season 
 should be devoted to the dispensing of religious truths — those enno- 
 bUng doctrines which bind man to man, and man to his Creator. He 
 did not forget the paramount importance of moral excellence ; and he 
 left a fortune to insure the labor of the good of after years, in giving 
 the great principles of the Gospel fixedness in the heart of man, and 
 a greater range to high moral feelings. 
 
 In the eloquent language of Edward Everett, therefore, "let the 
 foundation of Mr. Lowell stand on the principles prescribed by him ; 
 let the fidelity with which it is now administered, continue to direct 
 it ; and no language is emphatic enough to do full justice to its im- 
 portance. It will be, from generation to generation; a perennial 
 source of public good — a dispensation of sound science, of useful 
 knowledge, of truth in its most important associations with the destiny 
 of man."
 
 THE MONUMENT 
 
 NOAH WORCESTER. 
 
 " Our birth is but a starting-place ; 
 Life is the running of the race, 
 
 And death the goal : 
 There all our steps at last are brought ; 
 That path alone of all unsought, 
 Is found of all." 
 
 ^Translation from Manriquc. 
 
 We love to wander through a cemetery. Every monument that we 
 pass calls up a recollection ; the heart dilates and the mind expands, 
 as reflection pursues her way, and whilst judgment suins up the value 
 of a moral, well-directed 11 fo. It was nearing sunset when, in our 
 meditations at Mount Auburn, we passed the grave of Worcester — 
 the exemplary divine — the frioiid of humanity ! The hour itself mel- 
 lowed our thoughts, as wc trod upon the greensward which covered 
 the venerable dead ; and the (jiiiet of all things around us seemed pe- 
 culiarly a])propriatc to our liapj)v recollections of ibis "friend of 
 peace." Above us, the bcimtiriil clouds, just tinged witli ibc glow of
 
 WORCESTER'S MONUMENT. 53 
 
 sunset, appeared to be as soft aud lovely as the memories of those who 
 had departed Hfe in serenity and hope ; and, in the language of an 
 eloquent writer, "the gorgeous pile of clouds towards which they 
 were moving, seemed to teach us that sorrow for the loss of those we 
 loved, should be swallowed up in the bright hope of a reunion ; the 
 changing clouds, now purple and now crimson, appeared as if mocking 
 at the works of mortal hands ; but the calm serenity of the east, from 
 which all clouds had passed away, seemed as if preparing for a 
 brighter and a purer dawn. As all those vapors crowding to the west, 
 increased the glory of the sunset hour, so trials sustained, and tempta- 
 tions overcome, add lustre to the departure of the pious, — even the 
 shadows deepening around, speak of peace and calm, and please rather 
 than chill the sensibilities." 
 
 Noah Worcester had his trials; but he passed through them as 
 " gold through the refiner's fire." Neither poverty nor illness checked 
 his efforts for self-improvement, or the elevation of his kind ; his de- 
 votion to the good of humanity and the cause of freedom was, like that 
 of the great Channing, both high aud holy ; aud he died, as he had 
 lived, the "friend of peace," receiving the reverence and praises of 
 mankiud, and the gratitude of the ministry amongst whom he was a 
 brother and a friend. " Beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of 
 him that bringeth glad tidings — that publisheth peace." With a full 
 conviction of the purity and truth of the quotation, he sought to do 
 his part in proclaiming the propriety of that peace which is the oppo- 
 site of war ; and beautiful were his footsteps, as he walked in his self- 
 appointed path, humbly showing forth the philosophy of his simple 
 doctrines. 
 
 And who would not muse near such a monument ? The changes
 
 54 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 and chances of human life are strongly and curiously woven together 
 in the career of Noah Worcester ; and we cannot go over his biogra- 
 phy, without seeing that the web of life is indeed a mingled tissue. 
 At the breaking out of the Revolutionary war, and when a lad of 
 about seventeen, he joined the army as a fifer. Afterwards, (in 1777,) 
 he became fife-major, maintaining this latter office for two months; 
 and then, disgusted with warlike service, he quitted the camp to teach 
 a village school — very inadequately prepared, however, for such a 
 duty. At this time, he was deficient in the art of ^^■ritiug, and had 
 never seen a dictionary. Both in writing and spelling, he was com- 
 pelled to educate himself, and he did this effectually ; although, like so 
 many before and since his time, he had fallen in love, and had deter- 
 mined on matrimony. At the age of twenty-one, he had married an 
 interesting and capable girl, and had "settled himself doAvn," as he 
 thought, as a small farmer in Plymouth, N. H. Thus far, his life 
 hardly promised any great results ; and his education certainly forbade 
 any expectations of the works which followed. He had a pious 
 mind, however, and a firm religious belief, — that which Sir Humphrey 
 Davy has called the "greatest of earthly blessings." It was this 
 which made his life " a discipHne of goodness ; created new hopes 
 when all other hopes vanished ; and called up beauty and divinity 
 from corruption and decay." 
 
 in 1782, he was a resident of the town of Thornton, where, to 
 support his increasing family, he worked at the lapstone, and cogitated 
 upon those doctrines of faith, which afterwards led him to write down 
 liis iboiights — to print and publish. In 1786, he had been examined 
 for I lie ministry; and was speedily ordained over a church in Thorn- 
 ton, having previously served in many public trusts, — been schoolmas-
 
 WORCESTER'S MONUMENT. 55 
 
 ter, selectman, town-clerk, justice of the peace, and representative to 
 the general court. For twenty-three years he continued rector of 
 this church, studying to improve himself all the while in useful knowl- 
 edge, and giving deep attention to the examination of theological 
 points. 
 
 He ahv'ays read and studied with his pen in hand ; and was enabled 
 in this way to preserve many valuable original observations and 
 deductions, and to stamp in his memory whatever was worth being 
 preserved in its archives. He was the first missionary of New 
 Hampshire — in himself a beloved auxiliary of the gospel cause, and a 
 faithful teacher throughout all the northern towns of that state. In 
 1809, we find him rector of a church in Salisbury, N. H. — a town 
 now famed as the birthplace of Daniel Webster, and where Mr. Wor- 
 cester expounded his own views of Christianity as fearlessly and 
 nobly, as that great statesman has defended the Constitution of his 
 country at Washington. And now he began to be known to the 
 world, and to take his place in theological history. Being brought up 
 a Calvinist, he changed his views from conviction of error ; he wrote 
 a publication showing his reasons of disbelief in the doctrine of the 
 Trinity ; and afterwards published his " Letters to Trinitarians," " a 
 work," says the lamented Channing, "breathing the very spirit of the 
 Saviour, and intended to teach, that diversities of opinions on subjects 
 the most mysterious and perplexing, ought not to sever friends, to dis- 
 solve the Christian tie, or to divide the church." From this moment, 
 the intellectual life of this good man assumes an intense interest ; he 
 was developing more and more the action of a devout and inquisitive 
 mind, and amiably and manfully striving to avoid that dangerous 
 quicksand — the arrogance of sectarianism.
 
 56 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 Dr. Ware says of him, that "with the profound consciousness of 
 truth, he came out from his anxiety, his studies, his controversies, and 
 his sorrows, with a liberality as wide as Christendom, and a modesty 
 as gentle as his love of truth was strong." But now he was to assume 
 other duties ; and, at the instigation of his friends, the late Drs. Chan- 
 ning, Tuckerman, and Thacher, and the present Dr. Lowell, he re- 
 moved to Brighton, Mass., in 1813, and commenced editing a now 
 religious periodical, entitled " The Christian Disciple." He gathered 
 around him here, a delightful circle of friends, and realized in them 
 the true enjoyment of high culture and elevated purpose. This work 
 was the advocate of Christian liberty and charity, and has now be- 
 come merged in that well-sustained Unitarian periodical, the " Chris- 
 tian Examiner." His thoughts became more and more devoted to the 
 cause of freedom ; and he sought to analyze the subject of War, 
 whether as opposed to, or agreeing with, the doctrines of the Scrip- 
 tures. The following passage explains his views upon this great 
 theme, as interesting to us noiv, as it could possibly have been at the 
 time of writing : 
 
 " T can say with the greatest truth, that I am unacquainted with any 
 errors which have been adopted by any sect of Christians, which ap- 
 pear to me more evidential of a depraved heart, than those which 
 sanction war, and dispose men to glory in slaughtering one another. 
 If a man, apparfutly of good character, avows a belief that human 
 infants are not by nature totally sinful, there are a multitude of 
 churches who would refuse to admit him to their fellowship. Yet 
 another man, who believes in ibc doctrine of total sinfulness l)y na- 
 tur,e, may perhaps bo acbniUcd to their connnnnion, Avith his hands 
 recking with the bluud of juany brethren, whom he has wantonly
 
 WORCESTER'S MONUMENT. 57 
 
 slain in the games of war, and this, too, while he justifies those fash- 
 ionable murders !" Following out these principles, he " gave vent to 
 his whole soul," says Dr. Ware, " in that remarkable tract, A Soleinn 
 RevieiD of the Custom of War, — one of the most successful and efficient 
 pamphlets of any period." The publication of this production was 
 followed by the formation of the Massachusetts Peace Society, and by 
 the commencement of a quarterly issue, called " The Friend of Peace." 
 This he continued for ten years, being almost its only contributor, — 
 but so managing to vary the illustrations of his subjects, as to make 
 the articles appear as if written by diflcreut individuals — a tact as un- 
 common as admirable, and most abundantly proving both the ardent 
 zeal which he brought to the subject, and the great versatility of his 
 powers of thought. 
 
 He was in heart and deed a philanthropist. The subject oi slavery 
 occupied his mind, in connection with other topics immediately con- 
 cerning the good of humanity ; but his last days were devoted espe- 
 cially to rehgious investigations, and lie prepared two theological 
 works. The "Atonement" was the subject of one, and " Human De- 
 pravity" of the other. He wrote diffusely, but yet with clearness; 
 and in the resources of his thoughtful mind, he found the material for 
 happy occupation. Dr. Chanuing, in his remarks upon the life and 
 character of Dr. Worcester, has said : " I am always happy to express 
 my obligations to the benefactors of my mind ; and I owe it to Dr. 
 Worcester to say, that my acquaintance with him gave me clearer 
 comprehension of the spirit of Christ, and of the dignity of a 
 man." 
 
 Physical suffering exhausted this venerable man towards the close 
 of life ; l)ut it had the effect to call forth those bright traits of his
 
 58 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 character, which are best expressed by the words submission and for- 
 bearance. "I recollect," says Dr. Channing, "uo discord in his beau- 
 tiful life. All my impressions of him are harmonious. Peace beamed 
 from his venerable countenance." 
 
 Noah Worcester lived and died the friend of Humanity ; and it has 
 been through the admiration and gratitude of his friends, that the 
 monument to his memory has been erected at Mount Auburn. This 
 simple tribute is of white marble, and stands on the corner of Laurel 
 lud Waluut Avenues. The inscription is as follows: 
 
 On one side : 
 
 NOAH WORCESTER, D. D. 
 
 ERECTED BY HIS FRIENDS, 
 
 IN C O M IVI I", M O R A T I O N OF Z K A I. O U .S LABORS 
 
 THE CAUSE OF PEACE; 
 
 THE MEKKNLSS, BENIGNITY, AND CONSISTENCY 
 
 HIS CHARACTER 
 
 CHRISTIAN PHIL.^NTHROI'IST AND DIVINE. 
 
 'SrEAKINf! TirK TlUJTII IN [.OVK.'
 
 WORCESTER'S MONUMENT. 59 
 
 Ou the Other side ; 
 
 NOAH WORCESTER: 
 
 Born at IIoi.lis, New IIampshibk, November 25, 1758: 
 Died at Brighton, Massachusetts, October 31, 1837. 
 
 Aged 79 Years. 
 
 " Blessed are the peace-makers, for tliey shall be called 
 the children of God."
 
 CENTRAL SQUARE. 
 
 " Mighty shades, 
 Waving their gorgeous tracery o'er the licad, 
 With the light melting through their high arcades, 
 As through a pillar'd cloister's." 
 
 [Mrs. Hemans. 
 
 The ground represented in the engraving, and denominated "Cen- 
 tral Square," was originally reserved as a situation for some future 
 public monument. It is an exeeilent position for such design. Va- 
 rious shady avenues open from this square ; and its immediate neigh- 
 borhood seems to have been chosen by many individuals, as the site 
 for their last resting-place. At present, the most conspicuous monu- 
 ment near tlie s((uar(\ is that erected to the memory of Miss Hannah 
 Adams, who was not oiiU ;i r<Mn;irkal)ly gifted woman, iiul was tlw 
 first person buried in Mount Auburn. In the words of tlir poet, wo 
 may well say of this tridy estimable individual, that, 
 
 " Dear to the good, she died liinicnted."
 
 CENTRAL SQUARE. 61 
 
 Miss Adams had passed through lite, indulging au intimate acquaint- 
 ance with nature ; and tlie grove, the stream, the rock, the mountain- 
 fastness — flowers, trees, and shrubs — each had their charms for one 
 whose mind continually fostered an indwelling spirit of beauty. Rev- 
 erence for all things which wore "true, honest, and of good report," 
 being a part of her character, she necessarily cherished a deUght in 
 the true and the beautiful ; wliilst her propensity was to magnify the 
 Creator of " every good and perfect gift," rather than to dwell upon 
 the imperfections and weakness of finite man. It seemed meet, there- 
 fore, that when she was called to yield up her existence, she should be 
 buried on the breezy hill, among the wild flowers she had loved, and 
 amidst a scene like some of those around her village home, where she 
 had so often " drunk in the melody which the song-bird scatters," and 
 filled her soul to overflowing with lofty communings. 
 
 Miss Adams was a remarkable woman in this country, for the time 
 in which she lived ; and her intellect alone would have entitled her to 
 respect and veneration anywhere. She was almost entirely a self- 
 cultivated person. In her youth, there were few advantages for female 
 education ; and she deeply regretted the want she had felt of a proper 
 and systematic intellectual training, through the means of such semi- 
 naries of learning as were afterwards established for the progress of 
 her sex. She has left an example, however, of what a strong and 
 well-directed mind can accomplish, by assiduity and discipline, in de- 
 spite of the accidental circumstances of time. In piety and virtue, 
 faith and truth, she may well be an honorable pattern for the female 
 youth of any generation. 
 
 Miss Adams was born in Medfield, Mass., in 175o, and died in 
 Brooklii.e, INIass., in 1831 — being seventy-six years old. She was the
 
 62 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 author of several valuable contributions to the literature of the period 
 in which she wrote, amongst which are her " Views of Religion," first 
 published in 1784; "A History of New England," printed in 1799; 
 " The Truth and Excellence of the Christian Religion," published in 
 1804; and her celebrated "History of the Jews," completed in 1S12. 
 The difficulties which beset her path as an author, are such as are 
 common in the lives of writers, both before and since her day. Her 
 inexperience in the " ways and means" of publishers ; her modesty 
 and want of self-reliance, combined with her straitened circumstances, 
 rendered her, in various instances, the dupe of individuals whom she 
 employed as printers. She knew not Iloio to make her bargains ; and 
 it was not until she came to Boston, and was made acquainted with 
 the late reverend and venerable Dr. Freeman, of King's Chapel, that 
 she felt she had a friend to assist her properly in the business of pub- 
 lication. She should, in justice, have realized a handsome sum from 
 the sale of the above-named works ; but though they sold well, she 
 had the toil of preparation and research, without receiving more than 
 a paltry stipend, barely sufficient to supply her pressing necessities. 
 In arranging with her publisher about her " A'iews of Religion," after 
 procuring, herself, more than four imndred subscribers, all the compen- 
 sation she was al)le to obtain, was only fifty books; and for these she 
 was left to find a sale, after the printer had received the whole of the 
 subscription money. Nevertheless, her spirits retained llicir clnstic 
 power through the many struggles she was comjxlled to make, and 
 whilst laboring with feeble heahli, and an impaired eyesight. 
 
 Tlie father of Miss Athiiiis, ultliou^^h in easy circum.stanees at the 
 time ot licr Iiirlli, afterwards met with j)i'ciiiiiar\ reverses, from which 
 he never recovercil ; and as llic cIoikIs of a(l\ci'>il\ lliickcncil, .she felt
 
 CENTRAL SQUARE 63 
 
 necessitated, in early years, to resort to various humble ways to obta-in 
 the means of subsistence. During the Revolutionary war, making 
 lace, spinning, weaving, braiding straw, keeping school, were all tried 
 in aid of her support ; and at the close of the war, when most of these 
 resources, owing to contingent circumstances, became unavailing, she 
 thought of her notes on religion and literature, (made in the interim 
 of other avocations,) and she determined to enlarge them into books, 
 — though she has been heard to say, that weaving lace with bobbins, 
 was more profitable during the war, than writing books was after- 
 wards. "It was desperation" to use her own language, "and not 
 vanity, that induced me to publish." 
 
 She was indebted to the very fact of her father's misfortunes, for 
 that love of books which, aided by an inquiring mind, has served to 
 make her, at this day, so much the worthy object of eulogy and re- 
 membrance. Her father at one time embarked in the business of a 
 country trader; his store was an "omnium gatherum" of English and 
 West India goods, drugs, and books. Fond of reading himself, he 
 naturally directed the minds of his children to those unfailing sources 
 of pleasure, profit, and recreation, which good books afford ; he 
 amassed quite a library for those times, and the volumes which were 
 left upon his hands, after his failure in business, became the best boon 
 which W'as afforded to his daughter. She often expressed her regret 
 that she had read too much light literature ; though it may be doubt- 
 ed, we think, whether a mind naturally of so sober and practical a 
 character as was that of Miss Adams, was not benefited by the fancy 
 reading in which she at one time indulged. It may have brightened 
 her imagination, aided by her natural good sense, and it may have im- 
 parted to a sombre cast of thought, something that may have been
 
 64 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 wanted of spirit and beauty. Her readings of the poets, certainly, 
 were ever a source of happiness to her ; and when she enjoyed nature, 
 it was much in the same spirit with Thomson and Cowper. " She 
 culled the flowers, before she examined the forest-trees of literature." 
 
 In the large and valuable libraries of her zealous young friend, the 
 lamented Buckminster, and of her venerable admirer, President Adams 
 of Quincy, she gathered much knowledge, which, to her appreciating 
 intellect, we doubt not, was " more precious than rubies." She knew, 
 as Milton has expressed it, that " books are not absolutely dead things, 
 but do contain a progeny of life in them, to be as active as the soul 
 wds, whose progeny they are — that they preserved, as in a vial, the 
 purest efficacy and extraction of that living intellect that bred them." 
 She /c// that "a good book is the precious life-blood of a master- 
 spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a lii'e beyond life." 
 She herself wrote nothing that, " dying, she would wish to blot ;" and 
 although her works are not of great profundity, they were essentially 
 useful at the time she wrote ; and even in these days, are worthy of 
 reference. 
 
 In about 1804-5, she removed to Boston, when, at the instance of 
 some female friends, aided by several highly respectable gentlemen, a 
 life annuity was obtained for her, with which, and frequent acceptable 
 presents from beiievoliMir jxtsous who appreciated her talents, and to 
 whom she was nmch endeared for licr unpretending deportment, gen- 
 tleness, and modesty, she was en;il)lc(l to pass tlie last days of her life 
 in ease and comfort. 
 
 Miss Adams was a competent scholar in (Iroi^k and Latin, in which 
 branches of n Icnrncd education slir lilted si'xeral young men tor col- 
 le^fi althou;:li, when she ronnnenced tiie ]iiirsnit of the dead Ian-
 
 CENTRAL SQUARE. 65 
 
 guagcs, the world around Ikt w as inclined to laugh at her aspirations. 
 She said herself, that she felt " as if she were drawing upon herself 
 tlu" ridicule of society !" Happily for us, those days are past. Thougli 
 scarce a century has elapsed since the hirth of Miss Adams, the neces- 
 sity for cultivated female teachers is everywhere acknowledged ; nay, 
 female education of a liigh order cannot be dispensed with; the cul- 
 ture of the mind is a positive demand. Every mother ought to be an 
 intellectual and spiritual woman, that she may be able to encourage 
 the development of the highest capacities of her children, and incite 
 them to wisdom and virtue. 
 
 Revered as a friend, honored for her integrity, admired for her va- 
 ried accpiisitions, respected for her piety, and cherished for the union 
 of all these attributes of a pure and elevated character, Miss Adams 
 passed to her final rest, receiving kindly sympathy and fostering care. 
 She breathed her last in a pleasant house in Brookline, whither she 
 had been removed, that she might enjoy the beauties of rural scenery, 
 which she had ever loved, and have the advantage of sun and pros- 
 pect. She had fully experienced, in her long life, the evanescent 
 nature of all earthly enjoyments ; and she "fell asleep," finally, real- 
 izing that her soul's helper was the Omnipotent, and her best defence, 
 the Rock of Ages. 
 
 Her friends raised, ])y subscription, the monument to her memory, 
 which bears the following inscription :
 
 66 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 TO 
 
 HANNAH ADAMS, 
 
 HISTORIAN OF THE JEWS, 
 
 AND 
 
 REVIEWER OF THE CHRISTIAN SECTS, 
 EJfs iHonunuiit is cvcctcU, 
 
 BV 
 
 HER FEMALE FRIENDS. 
 
 FIRST TENANT 
 
 or 
 
 MT. AUBURN: 
 
 she died december 15, 1831, 
 
 Aged 76.

 
 HARVARD HILL, 
 
 ' His eyes diffused a venerable grace, 
 And charity itself was in his face : 
 Notliinp reserved or sullen was to see, 
 But sweet rejrards and pleasinjr sanctity ; 
 Mild was his accent, and his action free. 
 With eloquence innate his tongue was arm'd ; 
 Though harsh the precept, yet the preacher charm'd. 
 For, letting down the golden chain from high, 
 lie drew his audience upward to the sky. 
 He bore his great commission in his look, 
 But sweetly temper'd awe, and soften'd all he spoke." 
 
 Amidst our meditative wanderings over Mount Auburn, we find 
 that the same "consecrated mould" contains not only some of the 
 greatest of our country's lawgivers, but some of the most eloquent of 
 her divines, — men whose industry and genius have elevated them to 
 conspicuous pubhc stations. We have pondered, in the lowly vale, 
 over the tomb of Story — and now we pass to the gentle eminence 
 upon which is erected the monument to the memory of Kirkland — 
 the urbane gentleman — the brilliant scholar — the gifted preacher — the 
 profound moralist, — the late President of Harvard College. 
 
 The spot where rest the remains of President Kirkland, has been 
 appropriately designated as '' Harvard Hill ;" being a purchase by the
 
 68 " MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 corporation of the University, for the purpose of a buryiug-place for 
 the officers of the institution, and some of its distinguished students. 
 We stand upon Harvard Hill, as it were, in the midst of a group of 
 academics, and, as the eye rests upon the marble which forms the 
 enduring monument to Kirkland, we feel that there rests a father 
 amongst his children. Around and about it are obelisks to the mem- 
 ory of various instructors and students in the college, and near by, is 
 the chaste erection in memory of John Hooker Ashmun, late Royall 
 Professor of Law in the University. Here are buried, side by side, 
 hoary age, and promising youth, and manhood in its full maturity of 
 intellectual strength, — he whom the great Father of our destinies per- 
 mitted to a full performance of a good work on earth, and they, his 
 student-children, cut off amidst their brightest aspirations — their san- 
 guine hopes for an honorable career. But "such is life," and such are 
 the decrees of inscrutable destiny ; and we may well recognise, in this 
 connection, the expressive truth, that there are those, "of whom 
 neither ourselves nor the world are worthy." 
 
 Tilt' Kirkland monument on Harvard Hill, is an ornate sarcoph- 
 agus, having on its top an outspread scroll, uj)on which rests a book — 
 the latter being a lilting indication of tlic j)ursnits of the lamented 
 dead interred beneath it, whether as respects his profession of the 
 ministry, or his taste for literature. 
 
 On one side of tlic monument are these words: 
 
 JOANNES THORNTON KIRKLAND, 
 
 V. D. M., S. T. I). 
 DeCESSIT Al'KII.la DIE \XV1., 
 
 Anno Domini MDCCCXL. 
 iJTATIS s^m Lxr.x.
 
 HARVARD HILL. 69 
 
 On the opposite side is tiiis inscription : 
 
 JOANNI THORNTON KIRKLAND : 
 
 VIllu UONORATO DILECTO, 
 
 AUCTORITATK, SUAVITATE; 
 
 IMGENII ACUMINE, SERMONIS TENUSTATE, ET ANIMI QUADAM ALTITUDINE, 
 
 PRiESTANTI. 
 
 academiie hakvardianje 
 
 Per annos XVH faustos Pr^sidi: 
 mqvo vigilanti, benigno, pio. 
 
 alumni grate memores, 
 hoc monumentlm ponendum, cl'raverunt. 
 
 "Early engaged in the instruction of youth in the seminary of 
 which he was afterwards the honored head ; sustaining a faithful and 
 successful ministry of almost seventeen years, in the New South 
 Church ; and thence presiding, for a still longer period, over the Uni- 
 versity, we must count it," says one of his eulogists,* " amongst tlie 
 suhjccts of our gratitude, that his usefulness was preserved to us so 
 long. Nearly forty years of public .service, must be regarded as no 
 ordinary allotment of favor to the individual intrusted with them, or 
 to the community who share in the benefit." 
 
 John Thornton Kirkland was born in the state of New York, at 
 
 • Tlie Rev. Dr. Parkman.
 
 70 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 I/ittle I-^alls. on the Mohawk river, on the 17th of August, 1770. He 
 ^vas the son of the Rev. Samuel Kirkland, who devoted hiniseH", with 
 great energy and courage, to the work of a missionary to the Indians. 
 His mother was an exemplary woman of good gifts intellectually, and 
 one who thought it no hardship to repair, with her devoted htisband, 
 immediately upon her union, to an unfinished log-hut in the heart of 
 an Indian village. She knew the perils to which they were liable ; 
 hut she encouraged a great hope for the success of her husband's 
 lal)ors, — and she was partly rewarded for her wife-like courage by 
 receiving, in November, 1772, a considerate donation of fifty pounds 
 sterling, from the society in Scotland for promoting Christian knowl- 
 edge, to purchase a comfortable residence. 
 
 " It is a singular and interesting fact," says Dr. Young, in his sermon 
 on the death of Dr. Kirkland, " as well as a beautiful illustration of 
 the spirit of American society, and of the practical working of our 
 free institutions, that the son of a poor missionary on the outskirts of 
 civilization, l)oru in a log-cabin, nurtured in infancy among the sav- 
 ages, and bred in childhood in a frontier village, with no advantages 
 of fortune, and Utile aid from frit^ids, rose, by the force of talent and 
 merit alone, to tiu' head of the first literary institution in our land. 
 Such a fact as this is full of encouragement to the high-spirited and 
 ambitious young men of our country. It shows them that the patli of 
 literary as well as j)olitical distinction is open to all, and that talent, 
 effort, and moral worth are sure to be valued aiul rewarded." 
 
 When the trouijies of (Ik- war arose, it was not decnu d safe for 
 Mrs. Kirkland lo remain amongst the Indians, especially as it uas not 
 known which side they would take in the conflict. The money troni 
 Scotland |)ur(liase(l, tlnMcfore, a sujall fnnn in Sloclvhridge, Mass.,
 
 HARVARD HILL. 71 
 
 \vhitlier this excellent wife and mother repaired, and where her son 
 John Thornton remained till he was sent to Andover, having pre- 
 viously received from her the rudiments of his education. lie re- 
 mained here two years, when, with the patronage of a liberal friend, 
 aided by his own exertions in keeping a school, he was admitted into 
 Harvard University in 1786. 
 
 In his Junior year, the famous Shay's Rebellion broke out; and, 
 possessing a spirit of patriotism, and perhaps some love of adventure, 
 he availed himself of a winter vacation to join the little band under 
 Gen. Lincoln, formed for the purpose of quelling the insurrection. 
 He performed his part as a soldier manfully ; and when the object of 
 the struggle was honorably accomplished, he once more returned to 
 the peaceful groves of Academus, and to the renewal of those studies 
 which his principles of true patriotism had interrupted. 
 
 Upon leaving the University, he became, for a brief period, an as- 
 sistant in the Andover Academy. He was elected, subsequently, Tutor 
 of Metaphysics in Harvard College ; and whilst engaged in this capa- 
 city, he embraced Divinity as his chosen profession, and zealously- 
 pursued his theological studies, until he was invited to become the 
 pastor of the New South Church, upon the resignation of the Rev. 
 Oliver Everett. On the 5th of February, 1794, he received ordina- 
 tion, and commenced a ministry which beautifully exemplified a 
 knowledge of human nature and of Christian divinity, — a ministry 
 which all who remember it, acknowledge as having exercised an im- 
 portant influence upon the minds not only of his own people, but upon 
 those of a large portion of the community. "From 1794 to 1810 — 
 a pregnant period in our history — he exercised," says Dr. Young, " a 
 moral control which can hardly be conceived of by those who did not
 
 72 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 live at that period, and who are not acquainted with the feverish and 
 agitated state of the public mind that then existed, growing out of the 
 peculiar state of the times. The minds of men needed to be instructed 
 and tranquillized, and to be confirmed in the great fundamental prin- 
 ciples of religion and morals. Dr. Kirkland addressed himself to this 
 work with singular discretion and judgment, and by his words of 
 truth and soberness, in the pulpit and out of it, rendered a service to 
 this community, which can now be hardly understood or estimated, 
 but which ought never to be forgotten." 
 
 In ethics, Ur. Kirkland particularly excelled ; he had acquired a 
 knowledge of the human heart which well prepared him for the work 
 of a rigid moralist ; he made no parade of this intuitive knowledge of 
 humanity — but it appeared continually in his life and in his writings ; 
 he would enforce a great truth with a power of rhetoric at once con- 
 vincing and brilliant, and he would deal with facts with a logic so 
 consummate, as absolutely to conceal the logician in the speaker of 
 well-pointed truths. Spontaneity was a great element in his thiiiking 
 and speaking. He seemed ever to express himself impromptu. " His 
 conversation," says a reverend brother, " was a succession of aphor- 
 isms, maxims, general remarks: his preaching was of the same char- 
 acter with his conversation." It is related of Dr. Kirkland, tliat it 
 was not uiicommon with him to take into tin* ])ulpit liaU a dozen ser- 
 mons or more, am! whilst turning rapidly o\('r their pages, to construct 
 from the whole a new sermon as he went along, — doing this exdMiipo- 
 rancously, but with an impressive; power, po.ssessed by few if anv in 
 the sami; profrssion. Some |)ersoiis have attributed ibis h;il)il to indo- 
 lence, and to procrastination in ])reparini;; a rcfiii!;ir sciiiioii on the 
 week (lays. Nom- foiitid fauh, liow i\ rr, \\ illi the instruction ii'iidcred
 
 HARVARD HI LI.. 73 
 
 in this remarkable manner; on the contrary, it has been said of liim, 
 that he " put more thought into one sermon, than otiier clergymen did 
 into five." 
 
 Urbanity was a prominent characteristic of the d(^portment of Dr. 
 Kirkland, and to this may chiefly be attributed the power which he 
 had of gaining the love of all who knew him ; his kindness of heart 
 was as an inner sun, wliirli irradiated a countenance expressive of all 
 benignant emotions: he looked to be what he was emphatically — a 
 good man and a Christian. "Both as a preacher and pastor," says 
 Dr. Young, " by his whole spirit and bearing, he made religion lovely 
 and attractive, particularlv to the intelligejit, the refined, and the 
 young. He stripped it of its stiff" and formal costume, its gloomy and 
 forbidding look, and its austere and repellent manners. He taught 
 men by his conversation and deportment, quite as much as by his 
 preachiug — confirming and illustrathig the beautiful remark of Hooker, 
 that ' the life of a pious clergyman is visible rhetoric' " 
 
 Dr. Kirkland was chosen President of Harvard College on the 
 death of its esteemed head. Dr. Webber. He was elected by the cor- 
 poration of the University, in August, 1810 ; the election was con- 
 firmed by the board of overseers during the same month, — but, 
 owing to his own modest distrust of his capacity for such a 
 position, his answer of acceptance was delayed until the following 
 October. He was inducted into office on the 14th of the ensuing 
 November 
 
 " The presidency of Dr. Kirkland," says one of his most careful 
 eulogists, "was the Augustan age of Harvard College." This certainly 
 is high encomium ; but to prove its justice, we may be permitted to 
 quote the remarks of his immediate successor in office, the venerable
 
 74 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 ex-president Josiali Q.uincy, who, in his copious '• History of Harvard 
 University," says that " the early period of the administration of Presi- 
 dent Kirkland was pre-eminently distinguished for bold, original, and 
 successful endeavors to elevate the standard of education in the Uni- 
 versity, and to extend the means of instruction, and multiply accom- 
 modations in every department. Holworthy Hall, University Hall, 
 Divinity Hall, and the Medical College, in Boston, were erected. 
 Liberal expenditures were incurred for furnishing University Hall, and 
 for repairs and alterations in the other departments. The library, the 
 chemical, philosophical, and anatomical apparatus of the University, 
 and the mineralogical cabinet, were enlarged, and rooms for the lec- 
 tures of the medical professors were fitted up in Holden Chapel. The 
 grounds surrounding the college edifices, were planted with ornamen- 
 tal trees and shrubberies ; the salaries of the president and professors 
 were satisfactorily raised ; and as professorships became vacant, they 
 were filled with young men of talent and promise. * * * The 
 external indications of prosperity and success were general, manifest, 
 and applauded. 
 
 "The extraordinarv enlargement of the means, and advancement of 
 the interests of learning in the University during this period, are to be 
 attributed to the fortunate influx of the liberal patronage of individuals 
 and the legislature ; to the spirit of an age of improvement; but most 
 of all. Id ibc eminent men who llieu composed the corporation, and 
 lirought into it a woiglil of talent, personal character, and external 
 iiifliK'ncc, coiDliinid willi an acli\(' /.cal lor the advancement of the 
 institution, previously unparalleled — and w ho, placing an almost nnlim- 
 iti'd confidence in its president, vested him willi unprecedented powers 
 in I lie manageniiMit of its affairs, ^\lli(■ll he exercised in a n)anner
 
 HARVARD HILL. 75 
 
 liberal and trustful of public support. This confidence was not only 
 known and avowed, but is distinctly apparent on the records of the 
 college, and had, uncpiestionably, a material influence on the measures 
 and results of that administration." 
 
 President Ciuincy very justly alludes, in the foregoing, to " the emi- 
 nent men" who composed the corporation of the college at the time 
 of which we are writing ; and it may be well, in this connection, to 
 refresh the mind of the reader, by enumerating the names, amongst 
 the laity, of the Hon. John Davis, Oliver Wendell, Thcophilus Par- 
 sons, John Lowell, John Phillips, Christopher Gore, Wm. Prescott, 
 Harrison Gray Oti.s, Charles Jackson, Joseph Story, Nathaniel Bow- 
 ditch, and Francis C. Gray, — amongst the clergy, of the Rev. John 
 Eliot, William Ellcry Channiug, Samuel C. Thacher, John Lathrop, 
 Charles Lowell, and Eliphalet Porter. 
 
 Not less distinguished was the college at this time, for its bright 
 array of professors and tutors, — amongst whom we may mention the 
 names of Frisbie, Farrar, Norton, Hedge, Everett, Ticknor, Popkin, 
 Bigelow, Sparks, Bancroft, Cogswell, and Follen. Two of these indi- 
 viduals have received the honor of being sent ambassador to the court 
 of St. James ; and one of the two is now the third successor to Dr. 
 Kirkland in the presidency of Harvard University. 
 
 In writing of the public career of President Kirkland, and of his 
 many estimable traits of character, as a man and a Christian, the gen- 
 erosity of his disposition should not be passed over. He was the 
 friend of temperance and moral reform — a man of an expansive be- 
 nevolence of thought, and of a generous charity. " Many a young 
 man," says Dr. Young, "was prevented from leaving college with his 
 education unfinished, by the timely and generous charitv which he
 
 76 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 imparted. Whilst Dr. Kirklaud had a dollar iii his pocket, it was 
 ever at the coniinand of the poor Camhridgc scholar." 
 
 Dr. Kirklaud retained his position at the head of the college for a 
 period of eighteen years, when, owing to his declining health, he sent 
 in his resignation of the high duties of the presidency, on the 28th of 
 March, 1828. With evident regret the corporation accepted his resig- 
 nation ; and the students manifested their affectionate and respectful 
 feelings towards him, by a costly present of silver plate. He em- 
 barked for Europe in 1829, and was three years absent, travelling 
 over that continent, and parts of Asia and Africa. He returned home 
 in 1832 ; but his strength was broken l)y paralysis, and he passed 
 away from earth in the spring of 1840 — having ever been one to 
 whom might well be applied the words of the prophet Daniel : " light, 
 and understanding, and wisdom, and knowledge, and an excellent 
 spirit, were found in him."
 
 THE APPLETON MONUMENT. 
 
 " A lovely temple 1 such as slione 
 
 Upon thy classic mounts, fair Greece ! 
 For which thy kings exchanged their throne, 
 War's stirring field, for the grave's peace." 
 
 [McLellan. 
 
 A Grecian temple in ininiatuie of fine Italian marble, most cor- 
 rectly represented in the engraving, marks the burial-place belonging 
 to Samuel Appleton, Esq., of Boston. It is surmounted by funereal 
 lamps, and has appropriate devices on its facade — the whole exquisite- 
 ly wrought by the Italian artists. This monument is in Woodbine 
 Path, and has been erected by a gentleman conspicuous for his wealth, 
 hospitality, and benevolence. Mr. Samuel Appleton is the oldest of 
 a family in Boston, whose position, influence, and liberality have ren- 
 dered them eminently distinguished in Massachusetts. 
 
 The monument which he has erected is one of the most costly in 
 Mount Auburn, and is usually inquired for by strangers visiting the 
 place. Its situation in the midst of a dense grove of evergreens, is 
 highly picturesque.
 
 THE MONUMENT 
 
 JOHN HOOKER ASHMUN. 
 
 "And there are some names even in Sarilis, wliich have not defiled their garments. And 
 they shall walk with me in white, for they are worthy." 
 
 [New TeslamcnI. 
 
 We have already mcntionod the name of a distinguished scholar — 
 one of the professors formerly connected witli the University — whose 
 remains repose near the sculptured sarcophagus of President Kirkland. 
 How well tlic naiiH! of John Hooker Ashmun has heen honored — 
 how truly liis .scholarshi]) mid cliaracter of mind have heen appreciated 
 and valued, will appear from the remarkahlc inscription on his mouu- 
 nicnt — ;i hkkIi'I as it is of condensation, — containing almost a hiogra- 
 pliy ill an cpilnph. Charles Ciiauiicy Emerson is the author of tin- 
 following insrri|)li()ii, iiroiiounced, hy common consent, one of the 
 best in jVlouiit Auburn : —
 
 HARVARD HILL. 79 
 
 5B}cvc Ifcs tijc Hois of 
 JOHN HOOKER A81IMUN, 
 
 ROYALL PROFESSOR OF LAW IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY : 
 
 Who was bokn July 3, 1800, 
 And died April 1, 1833. 
 
 In him llie Science of Law appeared native and intuitive : 
 
 He went behind Precedents to Principles ; and Books were his helpers, never his masters : 
 
 There was the beauty of Accuracy in his Understanding, 
 
 And the beauty of Uprightness in his Character. 
 
 Through the slow progress of the Disease which consumed his Life, 
 He kept unimpaired his Kindness of Temper, and Superiority of Intellect; 
 
 lie did more, sick, than others, in health ; 
 
 lie was fit to Teach, at an age when common men are beginning to Learn ; 
 
 And his few years bore the fruit of long life. 
 
 A lover of Truth, an obeyer of Duty, a sincere Friend, and a wise Instructor, 
 
 HIS PUPILS 
 RAISE THIS STONE TO HIS MEMORY. 
 
 The fatlier of Professor Ashinun — Eli P. Aslimun, Esq., of North- 
 ampton — was a man of distinguished talents as a lawyer and states- 
 man, and the intellectual gifts of his children appear to have been 
 their natural heritage. .Tolm Hooker Ashmun was not thirty years of 
 age when lie received the appointment to the Royall Professorship, as 
 the successor of Chief Justice Parker ; and though he was young in
 
 80 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 years, the uomiuatiou was universally hailed with applause ; uo en- 
 vious voice arose to dispute his claims to such distinction ; the wise 
 rejoiced in tlie appointment, and the students exulted in the choice of 
 so competent an instructor. President duincy, in his "History of 
 Harvard College," thus alludes to this appointment : — " Never were 
 honors more worthily bestowed, or the duties of a professor's chair 
 more taithfuUy fulfdled. His learning was deep, various, and accurate, 
 and his method of instruction searching and exact. Few men have 
 impressed upon the memories of their friends, a livelier sense of ex- 
 cellence and unsullied virtue. Fewer have left behind them a charac- 
 ter so significant in its outlines, and so well fitted to sustain an 
 enduring fame." Professor Aslmiun was not destined, however, to live 
 to heighten his fame. In less than four years from his acceptance of 
 the professorship, his career as a dispenser of legal instruction was 
 terminated by death. He quietly met his euthanasia, on the morning 
 of April 1st, 1833, just as the bright glow of the early day streamed 
 into liis chamber, a fitting type of his own clear intellect, the diffusive 
 light of wliich, hke that of the risen sun illuminating the lionu> of 
 genius, had enlightened so many minds in llie noble science of juris- 
 piudcuce. 
 
 In a discourse pronounced by the late .ludge t^tor)', before the fel- 
 lows and faiiiltv of Harvard University, on ilu' death of Professor 
 Ashmun, April 5th, 1833, it is gratifying to note with what a simple 
 eloquence the gifted speaker pronounced his eulogy upon the character 
 of tlie (Icpnrtrd. "Such as be was," he says, "we can bear liim in 
 our hearts, and mi our lips, uilli a manly praise. We can hold him 
 up as a fit example for \oiulilul emidation and ambition; not da/.zling, 
 but elcvatrd ; not stately, l)iil solid; nol oslciiiiilioiis, Imi pun'." Al-
 
 HARVARD HILL. . 81 
 
 luding to Mr. Ashmun's nomination to the Royall Professorship, Judge 
 Story says : — " It was a spontaneous movement of the corporation 
 itself, acting on its own responsibiHty, upon a deliberate review of his 
 qualifications, and after the most searching inquiry into the solidity of 
 his reputation." This tribute to his talents and ability is of the high- 
 est kind ; and it remains but to add, that he had early gained his fame 
 ill the practice of legal science, by his brilliant success at the bar 
 whilst a resident of Northampton, and by his association with Judge 
 Howe in a law school in that flourishing town. 
 
 We cannot conclude this notice of one of the distinguished dead 
 whose remains are interred beneath the shady eminence of Harvard 
 Hill — that spot of thronging interests — without recalling, as a model 
 for the youth of our community, the example of the student-life of the 
 lamented Ashmun. Without any of the extrinsic graces of person or 
 of oratory ; without strength of voice ; and without the health which 
 gives so much success to professional labor, he possessed an earnest- 
 ness and truth of manner, which made his hearers always regard liiiii 
 with the most profound attention. Again to quote the words of his 
 distinguished eulogist, now, alas ! called to meet his friend and young 
 companion in a better world, " he convinced where others sought but 
 to persuade ; he bore along the court and the jury by the force of his 
 argument ; he grappled with their minds, and bound them down with 
 those strong ligaments of the law, which may not be broken, and 
 cannot be loosened. Tn short, he often obtained a triumph, where 
 mere eloquence must have failed. His conscientious earnestness com- 
 manded confidence, and his powerful expostulations secured the passes 
 to victory. Certain it is, that no man of his years was ever listened 
 to with more undivided attention bv tlic court and bar, or received
 
 82 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 from them more unsolicited approbation. It", to the circumstances al- 
 ready alluded to, we add the fact of his deafness, his professional suc- 
 cess seems truly remarkable. It is as proud an example of genius 
 subduing to its own purposes, every obstacle opposed to its career, and 
 working out its own lofty destiny, as could well be presented to the 
 notice of ingenuous youth. It is as fine a demonstration as we could 
 desire, of that great moral truth, that man is far less irhat nature 
 has originally made him, than what he chooses to make himself!' 
 
 With this review of Professor Ashmun's l)ri('f career on earth, we 
 tliink we have fully illustrated the truth of the remarkable epitaph on 
 his monument — an elegant tribute, as the latter is, from one gil'ird 
 mind, to the superior intelligence and manly character of another.
 
 THE DEAD 
 
 HARVARD HILL, 
 
 " Liffi hath its flowersj^and what are they 7 
 The buds of eiirlv lovp and truth, 
 Whicli spring and wither in a day ; 
 
 The gems of wann, confiding youth; 
 Alas ! those buds decay and die, 
 
 Ere ripcn'd and matured in bloom; 
 E'en in an iiour heliojd tliem lie 
 Upon tlie still and lonely tomb." 
 
 [Brooeb. 
 
 " Yes, here they lie ; the student-youth, — 
 The early honor'd dead ; 
 Gone now with trust and holy truth. 
 To meet in Christ, their Head." 
 
 Clustering around the graves of Kirkland and Ashmun, to the 
 right and left of Harvard Hill, are monuments to many of the students 
 in the University, and to some of their instructors and tutors. With 
 each name there is a linked history of high hopes and natural aspira- 
 tions — hut they lived, died, and have been lamented. This is the lot 
 of all with whom virtue and uprightness are the guides of earthly 
 action, and " the proudest can boast of little more." They have a 
 name and a tomb amongst those whom they would have been glad to
 
 34 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 emulate, and they have passed away in the very summer of their 
 l)eautv, teaching us, by the "seemingly untoward circumstances of 
 their departure from this life, that they and we shall live forever." 
 
 Amongst the names recorded on these various monuments, we find 
 those of Charles S. Wheeler and Samuel T. Hildreth, both instruc- 
 tors in the University; of Wm. H. Cowan, of the Law School; of 
 Frederic A. Hoffman, of Baltimore ; of John A. Terry, Ephraim C. 
 Roby, Charles Ridgely Greenwood, Charles Sedgwick, of Lenox, 
 Wm. Cranch Bond, John A. Emery, and Edward C. Mussey. Neat 
 marble obelisks adorn these graves, erected, in many cases, by the 
 classmates of the deceased, and bearing suitable inscriptions. Few 
 can wander around the spot where repose these young "buds of 
 promise," so quickly blasted, without a crow d of feelings, suggested by 
 their early departure from a world, the bitterness of which they had 
 never known, and any conflict with which they had never been called 
 to meet. To say that we mourn their loss, would be improper; for, 
 in the expressive words of an English poet, — 
 
 " 'Mid tliorus and snares our way we take, 
 And yet we niuuni tiio blcet !" 
 
 There is a better country, " even an heavenly," and there, wc trust, 
 the beatified spirits of the loved and early lost are conuningling with 
 "the just made perfect." Therefore, remembering the words of Sol- 
 oiiKiii, lliMt WC "iii;iv praise the dead more than the living," we may 
 well apply, in this connection, ilic remaining lines of the stanza: 
 
 " For llioso will) Ihruiig tlio eternul throne, 
 Lost are the team we shed ; 
 TItry are the hving, they alone, 
 Wliom thus we call the ukad."
 
 THE MONUMENT TO CHANNING. 
 
 '* Some there are, 
 By their good works exalted ; lofty minds 
 And meditative ; authors of delight 
 And happiness, whicli to tlie end of time 
 Will live, and spread, and kindle. Even such minds 
 In childhood, from this soliliiry Being, 
 Or from like wanderer, haply have received 
 (A thing more precious far than all that books, 
 Or the solicitudes of love can do 1) 
 That first mild touch of sympathy and thought, 
 In which they found their kindred with a world 
 Where want and sorrow were." 
 
 [Wordsworth. 
 
 In Yarrow Path, Mount Auburn, stands a monument of fine Italian 
 marble. It is wrought from a design of the greatest of American 
 painters — Washington Allston — and is erected to the memory of one 
 of the most distinguished of American divines — William Ellery 
 Cha.nning. 
 
 On one side of the sarcophagus is this inscription : —
 
 86 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 3l?ere rest tiie Kcmatns ot 
 WILLIAM ELLERY CHANNING, 
 
 Born 7th April, 1780, 
 
 at newport, b. i. 
 
 Ordained June 1st, 1803, 
 
 As A Minister of Jesls Christ to the Society worshipping God 
 IN federal-st., boston : 
 
 DIED 2d OCTOBER, 1842, 
 WHILE ON A JOl'RNEV, AT BENNINGTON, VERMONT. 
 
 On the Other side are the following words : 
 
 IN MEMORY OF 
 
 WILLIAM ELLERY CHANNING, 
 
 Honored throughout Christendom 
 
 For his eloquence and courage, in maintaining and advancing 
 
 The great cause of 
 
 Truth, Religion, and Human Freedom, 
 
 C|)(s fHonumciil 
 
 Is gratefully and reverently erected. 
 
 By the Christian Society of whirli, during nearly forty years, 
 
 HE WAS PASTOR. 
 
 The above inscription truly (expresses liie rliaraclcr of Dr. Chan- 
 ning, a.s a jircarhiM- and Icaclicr of scripliire Initlis, and with iliat one
 
 CHANNING'S MONUMENT. 87) 
 
 expression, '■'■ human freedom" proclaims the great object for which he 
 lived and labored. 
 
 Dr. C'hanning's ideal of a Christian minister was clear and lofty 
 and during his whole life, he sought faithfully to be himself what 
 he strove to delineate. "Like the man of genius," he stood forth as 
 " the high priest of Divinity itself, before whom it befitted him to offer 
 up not only the first fruits of his intellect, but the continued savor of 
 a life high and pure, and in accordance with the love he taught." 
 "jH<? needs no eulogy, ivhosc life was full of irutli" says his friend and 
 colleague. Dr. Gannett, whilst attempting to render a simple but em- 
 phatic tribute to his memory. Never were words more truly .spoken, 
 for Dr. Channing stood forth to the world as a devoted teacher of the 
 beauty of holiness — the promoter of man's highest interests — a philan- 
 thropist in word and deed. 
 
 A native of Newport, If. I., Dr. Channing graduated at Harvard 
 University in 179S, with the highest honors of the institution. After 
 a year's sojourn at the south, he prepared himself for the ministry, and 
 became so early distinguished for the style of his preaching, that he 
 was immediately chosen pastor of the Federal-street Meeting-house, 
 and ordained over a small society, which so rapidly increased under 
 his pastoral care, that a new house of worship was erected in 1809. 
 His health, \vhich was always delicate, became so much impaired by 
 his extraordinary mental exertions, that a voyage to England was un- 
 dertaken by him in 1822 ; and upon his return in the en.suing year, 
 an assistant minister was chosen, to aid him in his professional 
 duties. 
 
 "From that time," says Dr. Gannett, in his funeral address, "he 
 continued to officiate in the pulpit, with more or less frequency, as his
 
 88 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 Strength permitted, till 1840, when he requested the society to release 
 him from all obligation of professional service, though he desired to 
 retain the pastoral connection towards them. As his mind was re- 
 lieved from the pressure of ministerial engagements, his attention was 
 more given to the aspects which society, in its opinions, usages, and 
 institutions, presents to the Christian philanthropist. He was led, by 
 his interest in these subjects, to communicate to the public, at different 
 times, his thoughts on questions of immediate urgency, involving high 
 moral considerations ; and he devoted a large part of his time to an 
 examination of the light which Christianity throws upon practical 
 ethics." 
 
 The world, however, was not to receive any long continuance of 
 such valuable benefactions. Illness overpowered his vital energies, 
 and he sunk to sleep in the October of 1842, just two months after 
 the delivery of his singularly eloquent address in the cause of human 
 freedom, on occasion of the anniversary of emancipation in the 
 British West Indies. This address was spoken at Lenox, Mass. ; and 
 we see in it the very soul of Channing breathing out a fervor of love 
 for his fellow-iiicii, in a surpassingly eloquent appeal to those who 
 stood around liiiii — the "freemen of the mountains," as he impressive- 
 ly called them. Like the dying notes of the swan, which are said to 
 be sweeter and sweeter as the bird passeth away, so this last address 
 of the departed Channing, seems even more peculiar in its eloquence, 
 more glowing in its ])hil;intliropy, more energetic in its tone, than the 
 more common examples of his writings. 
 
 "T am a stranger among you," he said to llicin, "but \\lu'ii I look 
 roiiiui, 1 feci as if the subject of this address peculiarly befitted (iiis 
 spot. Where am i now pleading the cause and speaking llie praises
 
 CHANNING'S MONUMENT. 89 
 
 of liberty ? Not in crowded cities, where, amidst men's works, and 
 luxuries, and wild speculations, and eager competitions for gain, the 
 spirit of liberty often languishes ; but amidst towering mountains, em- 
 bosoming peaceful vales ; amidst these vast works of God, the soul 
 naturally goes forth, and cannot endure a chain. Your free air, which 
 we came here to inhale for health, breathes into us something better 
 than health, even a freer spirit. Mountains have always been famed 
 for nourishing brave souls and the love of liberty. Men of Berk- 
 shire ! whose nerves and souls the mountain air has braced, you surely 
 will respond to him who speaks of the blessings of freedom, and the 
 misery of bondage. I feel as if the feeble voice which now ad- 
 dresses you, umst find an echo amidst these forest-crowned heights. 
 Do they not impart something of their own loftiness to men's souls ? 
 Should our commonwealth ever be invaded by victorious armies, free- 
 dom's last asylum would be here. Here may a free spirit — may rever- 
 ence for all human rights — may sympathy for the oppressed — may a 
 stern, solemn purpose to give no sanction to oppression, take stronger 
 and stronger possession of men's minds, and from these mountains, 
 may generous impulses spread far and wide." 
 
 The exertion which this good man found it necessary to make, in 
 the delivery of an address which, in a closely printed form, covers 
 thirty-eight pages, was a great drain upon his diminishing vital activity. 
 There can be little doubt that it produced a reaction of weakness, 
 and a consequent access of disease. 
 
 " He observed the progress of his sickness," says Dr. Gannett, " with 
 the calmness that was habitual with him in every situation ; expressed 
 a sense of the Divine love even beyond what he had before felt ; man- 
 ifested that exquisite tenderness of affection, which gave such beauty
 
 90 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 to his private life ; spoke earnestly of the truth and worth of Chris- 
 tianity, and its certain prevalence over the errors and sins of tlie 
 world ; and thus meeting death, not as one who is taken by surprise, 
 nor as one unprepared for the change it makes in human condition, 
 but as one in whom the religion of Jesus Christ has built up a con- 
 sciousness of immortal life, that cannot be shaken by the decay of the 
 body. He sank away from his connection with the earth, as the sun, 
 towards which he turned his closing eyes, was disappearing behind 
 the light which it shed upon the surrounding sky, on the evening of 
 that day wliicii is dearest to the Christian heart. — the day sacred to 
 the remembrance of Him w ho is ' the resurrection and the life.' " 
 
 Dr. Channing's favorite topic of discourse — his constant theme of 
 thought, was spiritual freedom ; and upon this subject he sought to 
 define his views fully, in a very able discourse, delivered on occasion 
 of the annual election, May 26th, 1830. Let us quote a few brief 
 passages from this forcibly written production : — 
 
 "I cannot better" (writes Dr. Channing) "give my views of spiritual 
 freedom, than by saying, that it is moral energy, or force of holy pur- 
 pose, put forth against the senses, the passions, the world ; and thus 
 lil)erating the intellect, conscience, and will, so that they may act with 
 strength, and unfold themselves forever. The essence of spiritual 
 freedom is power.' * * * * " That iiiiiid alone is free, which, 
 looking to Cod as the inspircr and rewarder of \ irtue, adopts his law 
 written on the heart and in His word, as its supreme rule; and which, 
 ill olicdiciicc lo tills, governs itself, reveres Ilsdf, exerts faithfully its 
 best powers, and unfolds itself by well-doing, in whatever .splicre God's 
 providence assigns." * * * * 
 
 "I cjill tli.il iniiiil frcf, wliieli sets no lioiiiids to its lo\c — which is
 
 CHANNING'S MONUMENT. 91 
 
 not imprisoned in itself or in a sect — which recognises in all human 
 beings, the image of God and the rights of his children — which de- 
 lights in virtue, and sympathizes with suffering, wherever thcv are 
 seen — which conquers pride, and offers itself up a willing victim to 
 the cause of mankind." * * * * 
 
 " I call that mind free, which protects itself against the usurpations 
 of society, and does not cower to human opinion — which feels itself 
 accountable to a higher tri])unal than man's — which respects a higher 
 law than fashion — which respects itself too much to be the slave or 
 tool of the many or the few." * * * * 
 
 " I call that mind free, which, conscious of its affmity with God, and 
 confiding in his promises by Jesus Christ, devotes itself faithfully to 
 the unfolding of all its powers — which passes the bounds of time and 
 death — which hopes to advance forever — and which finds inexhausti- 
 ble power, both for action and suffering, in the prospect of immor- 
 tality." 
 
 Dr. Channing regarded these views as the essence of civil and re- 
 ligious government; they guided his own life — they were constantly 
 developed in his teachings — and " it is through them," says Dr. Gan- 
 nett, " that he will probably hereafter hold his place among the great 
 religious teachers of his age, and of posterity." 
 
 As Dr. Channing was the friend of freedom, so he was also the 
 friend of peace ; and, had he lived to the present day, the declaration 
 by our government of war against a neighboring state on our south- 
 western frontier, would have been to him a cause of unmitigated 
 lamentation. " His interest in the subject of peace, was one of the 
 fruits of his faith in Christianity. War he regarded as hostile to the 
 spirit of our religion ; and the false associations which are connected
 
 92 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 with the soldier's life and person, he labored to dissipate. None spoke 
 on this subject more plainly or earnestly, and few with more effect." 
 
 The public writings of Dr. Channing made him known as well in 
 Great Britain as in America ; they directed themselves, by their force 
 and vigor, to the substantial minds of our mother-country, and if they 
 did not always uproot prejudices, they served the cause of humanity, 
 and eloquently pleaded in its behalf. We are proud to feel that he 
 was a countryman of ours, even whilst we admit the force of the re- 
 mark, that great men are a connnon property, forming, as has been 
 said, a solar system in the world of mind, and shining equally for the 
 benighted of all nations. 
 
 An esteemed and appreciating critic, now numbered with the dead, 
 in a brief article written during the lifetime of this lamented divine 
 and great Christian moralist, expresses himself with remarkable en- 
 ergy and truth as follow s : 
 
 "Dr. Channing's genius and literature appertain exclusively to no 
 sect or party. His fame belongs to his country ; his talents he has 
 given to the world. His reputation is no more the peculiar possession 
 of the liberal Unitarian, than of the orthodox Presbyterian ; and be- 
 longs equally to the Protestant Episcopalian and the Roman Catholic. 
 It is the property of the whole country, and not of a religious sect or 
 a political party. He has won for himself a glorious and honorable 
 notoriety, which is not limited to tlie precincts of a parish, nor the 
 confines of a town. His genius has overleaped tlie boundaries of 
 states ; it permeates the Union ; has crossed the barrier of the ocean, 
 and finds companionship in tlie mightv minds of litcrarv F,uro|)e. 
 
 " He has given strengtli to our lilcralurc ;iihI :i nujral grandeur to 
 our political institutions. Jlc lias tauglil us tliat iVepdoni does not
 
 CHANNING'S MONUMENT. 93 
 
 consist iu the concessions of an extorted character, nor in the bold 
 avowals of a written declaration of independence. He has enforced, 
 with sturdy eloquence, the necessity of emancipating the mind, and 
 urged upon us the conviction of our individual responsibility. lie has 
 compelled us to feel how far we are from perfection, and taught us 
 what we nuist do to attain it. With regard to his genius and scholar- 
 ship, he who, blinded by sectarian or party prejudices, cannot discover 
 or will not acknowledge the superiority of his intellect, is neither to 
 be lauded for his tolerance, nor envied for the clearness of his percep- 
 tions." 
 
 In the death of a man of such a mind, and such elevated ideas of 
 Christian duty, society felt that it would be no easy matter to supply 
 the void ; and the pilgrim to Mount Auburn, at this day, feels many a 
 regret, as his recollections cluster around the sepulchral urn of the 
 devout and benevolent philanthropist.
 
 THE TOMB OF STORY; 
 
 FOREST POND. 
 
 "All around us there breathes a solemn calm, as if we were in the bosom of a wilderness, 
 broken only by the breeze as it murmurs through the tops of the forest, or by the notes of the 
 warbler, pouring forth his matin or his evening song. Nature seems to point it out with sig- 
 nificant energy, as the favorite retirement for the dead." 
 
 [Story''s Consecration Address. 
 
 " His voice of eloquence the first 
 Upon these listening woods to burst, 
 When consecrating rite and prayer 
 Arose like incense on the air ; 
 Oft will the future pilgrim's eye 
 Seek out his marble to descrj'." 
 
 [McLellan. 
 
 The holiness of nature is ever a lofty contemplation ; and it is well 
 amidst the quiet wildwood and beneath the forest-shades, to be re- 
 minded sometimes of death and of the grave, and even in types, em- 
 blems, and shadows, to be made to think seriously of the frailty of 
 life, and to rejoice in the possibility of the attaimnent of that glorious 
 existence, for Avliich this world is but a state of preparation. We can 
 stand upon the wide Necropolis of Mount Aulmni, and seem to look 
 tliroiif^li death's open [)()rl;ils to the l)right mansions of "the better
 
 STORY'S MONUMENT. 95 
 
 land" — to " a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens ;" 
 and, as we do so, we may build up in memory three tabernacles : in 
 the words of the devout Herbert, — 
 
 " The first tabernacle to Hope we do build, 
 And look for the sleepers around us to rise ; 
 The second to Faith, which insures it fulfiird ; 
 And the third to the Lamb of the great sacrifice, 
 Who bcqueath'd us tliciu both when He rose from the skies." 
 
 " When we have before us," says a truthful writer, " the monumen- 
 tal tributes raised by their country above the honored dead — when we 
 see the reward bestowed on worth, talent, and virtue, even when life 
 is over, the spectacle is well fitted to excite in us a noble cunilation." 
 Every way, therefore, do these adornments of the grave appear to be 
 commendable as well as useful ; and we may not vainly hope to earn a 
 fate for ourselves, like that which has met the strivings of noble, Chris- 
 tian genius. Rural burial-places are depositories worthy an advanced 
 Christianity ; and, as there can be nothing about them to minister to 
 low gratifications, but every tiling to exalt and purify the mind, they are 
 undoubtedly as favorable to morals as to the indulgence of refined taste. 
 
 Mount Auburn contains no head that has worn the monarch's dia- 
 dem, but it is nevertheless a sepulchre of royal dead. A succession 
 of intellectual sovereigns lie buried there, — men to whose renown 
 neither granite or marble can add applause, — men whose names alone 
 shall be their monument. " The whole earth," said Edward Everett, 
 " is the monument of illustrious men ;" and the enduring obelisk or 
 sarcophagus thus becomes but the appropriate " guide for the grateful 
 student and the respectful stranger, to the precincts of that spot, where 
 all that is mortal rests of some of the world's benefactors." Are not
 
 06 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 the names of Story, Chanulng, and Bowditch, more illustrious than 
 those of many of the throned monarchs of the old world ? Not the 
 most towering obelisk that man's hands could build, would do honor to 
 the name of Story. By his life and works, the great jurist Iniilt his 
 own monument whilst living ; and his fame will endure forever, when 
 " cloud-capped tower and gorgeous palace" shall have crumbled to the 
 dust. Bowditch's own self-erected monument has "reached the 
 stars;" and the name of Channing will be as enduring as the love of 
 freedom — as far-spreading and glorious as the pure light of Chris- 
 tianity. 
 
 In a retired part of Mount Auburn, near Forest Pond, is the last 
 resting-place of Joseph Story, one of the greatest men of our coun- 
 try. It is marked by a simple, unpretending pyramid, which tells its 
 o\\ n melancholy tale. The inscription reminds us of the words of 
 the poet, — 
 
 " Lord, here am I, and tliose wlioin thou hast j^iveu me ! 
 Help me, wlio fee! thy rod, ne'er lo complain 
 Of Him who hath appointed it ! O lead 
 Me, and these little ones of mine, to theo." 
 
 The record to which we here allude, gives the names of five chil- 
 dren of Judge Story, who " fell asleep" in youth ; and the pious 
 parent inscribes their names upon the monument, with the simple and 
 scriptural words, "Of such is the kingdom of heaven." Last of all, 
 the grave opened for the illustrious father ; and wc are compelled, by 
 our own .sense of the beauty of liis character, to cast our minds towards 
 the morning of tin; resurrection, and to see the reverend man before 
 the throne of (Irace, with the words upon his lips, "Lord, here am I, 
 and (lie children whom tlioii hast given me."
 
 STORY'S MONUMENT. 97 
 
 How feeble seems the pen to do justice to the character and mind 
 of one like Joseph Story ! The late Miss Landon, writing of a great 
 English author, has said : " I almost fear to praise such a man ; but 
 comfort myself with thinking, that though few can raise the carved 
 marble over a great man's remains, all may throio a Jlower upon his 
 grave." Many a flower has been thrown upon the grave of Story ; 
 and the heart has felt a sorrowing consolation in paying that office of 
 affection to one who, in his performance of all the offices of life, 
 both pubhc and private, made the earth seem beautiftil. " The lips, on 
 which the bees of Hybla might have rested, have ceased to distil the 
 honeyed sweets of kindness. The body, warm with all the affections 
 of life — with love for family and friends, for truth and virtue — has 
 mouldered to dust. But let us listen to the words which, though 
 dead, he utters from the grave : ' Sorrow not as those without hope.' 
 The righteous judge, the wise teacher, the faithful friend, the loving 
 father, has ascended to his Judge, his Teacher, his Friend, his Father 
 in heaven." 
 
 Judge Story was born September 18, 1779, at Marblehead, in Mas- 
 sachusetts. He entered Harvard College at the age of sixteen, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1801, having studied law with Justice 
 Sewall of Marblehead, and Justice Putnam of Salem. At the early 
 age of thirty-two, he was appointed associate justice of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States — an office which he occupied with honor 
 till his death. He was elected to the Dane professorship of law in 
 Harvard College in 1829. He fdled some of the most important situa- 
 tions in the gift of corporations or individuals; whilst not only his 
 own state and country, but distant lands, acknowledged the supremacy 
 of his intellectual greatness. 
 
 13
 
 98 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 If the remark be generally correct, that " there never was a great 
 man who had not a great mother," it certainly may be particularly 
 proved in the case of Justice Story. His mother is said to have been 
 a lady of indomitable energy of character, and of active mind ; and 
 from her the gifted son received many noble incentives towards high 
 culture and philanthropic purpose. He entered political life at a time 
 of great excitement ; but he could not enjoy the strife which it engen- 
 dered and sustained. He had too honest and faithful a character, to 
 relish being the organ of a party either at home or in Congress ; he 
 felt that engaging in politics prevented complete success qt the bar ; 
 and, being appointed one of the judges of the Supreme Court, he 
 withdrew at once from the political arena ; " and," says Prof. Green- 
 leaf, " though never an indifferent spectator of his country's fortunes, 
 he ever afterwards participated in them, not as a partisan, but as a 
 judge." 
 
 As a writer on points of law, Judge Story never has had, perhaps 
 never will have his parallel. "His written judgments on his own cir- 
 cuit," says Mr. Sumner, in an exceedingly beautiful tribute to his 
 memory, "together with his various commentaries, occupy twenty-seven 
 volumes ; while his judgments in the Supreme Court of the United 
 States, form an important part of no less than thirty-four volumes 
 more." Pie was a master logician in the law ; his reasoning was as 
 clear as tiie day ; and his treatises copious, without prolixity. As a 
 legal writer, he was as much ihe wonder of England as the admiration 
 of America ; his fame spread rapidly over the sea; and, that we find 
 his works (juotcd in other tongues than our own, is one of the proudest 
 evidences of his ))rofound and comprehensive mind. 
 
 "la the high court of parliament," said Daniel Webster at a meet-
 
 STORY'S MONUMENT. 99 
 
 ing of the bar, called upon the occasion of Judge Story's death ; " in 
 every court in Westminster Hall ; in every distinguished judicature in 
 Europe; in (he courts of Paris, of Berlin, of Stockholm, and of St. 
 Petersburg ; in the universities of Germany, Italy, and Spain, his au- 
 thority was received ; and all, when they hear of his death, will agree 
 that a great luminary has fallen." 
 
 But let us pass, for a moment, from his career as a man of law and 
 letters, to his social life. Here he was indeed the diffusive sun of a 
 wide circle ; his love of humanity made him urbane to all ; his general 
 knowledge was no selfish acquisition, to be communicated to a few, or 
 to be used as special occasion demanded. To all he was equally affa- 
 ble, and particularly to the inquiring mind. His manner of conversa- 
 tion was simple and easy — but his auditors felt that when he spoke, 
 his mouth, like that of the good fairy, indeed " dropped pearls ;" he 
 possessed a peculiarly catholic spirit of peace and good-will towards 
 men. " We have seen and known him," said Mr. Webster on the oc- 
 casion before referred to, " in private hfe. We can bear witness to his 
 strict uprightness and purity of character ; his simplicity and unosten- 
 tatious habits ; the ease and affabihty of his intercourse ; his great 
 vivacity amid the severest labors, and his fidelity to his friends ; and 
 we can testify, also, to his large and systematic charities, not dispensed 
 in a public manner, but gladdening the hearts of those whom he as- 
 sisted in private, and distilling like the dew of heaven." 
 
 On the 10th of September, 1845, at the age of 66, died Joseph 
 Story — the accomplished scholar, the profound jurist, the good man I 
 He died in the midst of honors, and in the full exercise of intellectual 
 activity. He met the lot of mortals peacefully, and carried to the 
 grave no ordinary regrets. Europe mourned his loss, whilst America
 
 100 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 was clad in sable ; and the illustrious jurist made but another among 
 the myriad examples, that 
 
 " Our lives but lasting streams must be, 
 That into one ingulfing sea 
 
 Are doom'd to fall : 
 O'er king and kingdom, crown and throne. 
 The sea of death, whose waves roll on, 
 
 And swallow all." 
 
 He was buried in Mount Auburn — a spot of earth peculiarly be- 
 loved by him, and at the consecration of which as a rural cemetery, 
 he delivered a touchingly beautiful and scholar-like address. The 
 trees which he loved, wave their umbrageous branches over the stone 
 erected to the memory of his children, by the side of whom he sleeps; 
 and the light of morning and evening gilds it with a coloring of gold. 
 " So shines the eternal Nature on the wrecks of all that makes life 
 glorious;" and there is not a sun that sets not everywhere over the 
 graves of lamented genius !
 
 CONSECRATION DELL. 
 
 " Thou, God, art here : Thou fiU'et 
 The solitude. Thou art in the soft winds 
 That run along the sunimil of those trees 
 In music : Tliou art in the cooler breath 
 That, from the inmost darkness of the place. 
 Comes, scarcely felt : the barky trees, the ground, 
 The fresh, moist earth, are all instinct with Thee. 
 Here is continual worship ; nature here. 
 In the tranquillity that Thou dost love, 
 Enjoys thy presence." 
 
 [Bryant. 
 
 The significant name of the deep valley, which is above given, is 
 derived from the fact that it was the spot chosen, at the time of the 
 appropriation of Mount Auburn as a burial-place, for the performance 
 of the service of consecration. The engraving delineates the appear- 
 ance of the dell on one side — the monument in the foreground deno- 
 ting very nearly the point upon which the orator stood, and the 
 acclivity opposite, being the position occupied by the crowd of persons 
 who repaired thither to listen to the consecrating address. The seats 
 were arranged on the hillside in such a manner, that it had the ap- 
 pearance of an amphitheatre ; and the whole scene presented upon 
 the occasion, is described as having been picturesque and beautiful in 
 the highest degree.
 
 102 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 Judge Story, whose recent death has been so widely lamented, 
 and who now lies interred amidst the earth of his favorite place 
 of retirement, addressed the large concourse who had assembled, 
 in a strain of earnest eloquence. His remarks were peculiarly 
 adapted to the interesting circumstances of the occasion; and he 
 spoke with an intensity of feeling which seems to impart itself, 
 even at this day, to the reader of his thoughtful address. After re- 
 marking upon the great appropriateness of INIount Auburn as a 
 place of interment, he alluded to the "voice of consolation" which 
 would spring up in the midst of the silence of that region of death, 
 and of the hallowed feelings with which mourners would revisit the 
 shades where the loved and lost repose. " Spring,'" he said, " will in- 
 vite thither the footsteps of the young by her opening foliage, and 
 autumn detain the contemplative by its latest bloom. The votary of 
 science will here learn to elevate his genius by the holiest studies. 
 The devout will here offer up the silent tribute of pity, or the prayer 
 of gratitude. The rivalries of the world will here drop from the 
 heart ; the spirit of forgiveness will gather new impulses ; the restless- 
 ness of ambition will be rebuked; vanity will let fall its plumes; and 
 pride, as it sees ' what shadows we are, and what shadows we pursue,' 
 will acknowledge the value of vntiie as far, iuunoasurably far beyond 
 that of fame. But that which will ever he present, pervading these 
 shades, like llu; noonday snii, and shedding cheerfulness around, is the 
 consciousness, the irrepressil)le consciousness, amidst all these lessons 
 ol liuinar' iii<)rt;ilil\ , of tlie lii^licr Irulli, llial we are beinirs not of 
 time, liut of etcrnily — 'that this corruptible must [)ut on incorruption, 
 and tliis nK)rlal must put on innnortality' — that tiiis is but the thresli- 
 hold and starting-point of an existence, compared with whose duration
 
 CONSECRATION DELL. 103 
 
 the ocean is but as a drop, nay, the whole creation an evanescent 
 quantity." 
 
 The address was delivered on the 24th of September, 1831, — the 
 other services of the occasion being performed by the Rev. Dr. Ware 
 and the Rev. Mr. Pierpont. One of the journals of the day gives 
 the following account of the scene which was presented in that deep 
 valley of Mount Auburn, crowded with its assembly of two thousand 
 persons : 
 
 " An unclouded sun and an atmosphere purified by the showers of 
 the preceding night, combined to make the day one of the most de- 
 lightful we ever experience at this season of the year. It is unneces- 
 sary for us to say, that the address by Judge Story was pertinent to 
 the occasion — for if the name of tlie orator were not sufficient, the 
 perfect silence of the multitude, enabling him to be heard with dis- 
 tinctness at the most distant part of the beautiful amphitheatre in 
 which the services were performed, will be sufficient testimony as to 
 its worth and beauty. Neither is it in our power to furnish any ade- 
 quate description of the effect produced by the music of the thousand 
 voices which joined in the hymn, as it swelled in chastened melody 
 from the bottom of the glen, and, like the spirit of devotion, found an 
 echo in every heart, and pervaded the whole scene. 
 
 " The natural features of Mount Auburn are incomparable for the 
 purpose to which it is now sacred. There is not, in all the untrodden 
 valleys of the west, a more secluded, more natural or appropriate spot 
 for the religious exercises of the living : we may be allowed to add 
 our doubts, whether the most opulent neighborhood of Europe fur- 
 nishes a spot so singularly appropriate for a ' garden of graves.' 
 
 " In the course of a few years, when the hand of taste shall have
 
 104 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 passed over the luxuriance of nature, we may challenge the rivalry of 
 the world to produce another such abiding-place for the spirit of 
 beauty." 
 
 The concluding words of the above are fast proving themselves in 
 the many improvements already effected by the " hand of taste ;" and 
 Moimt Auburn might now make the traveller to exclaim, in the words 
 of Shakspeare, — 
 
 " If the ill spirit have bo fair a home, good things will strive to dwell with it."
 
 r ;
 
 THE BOWDITCH STATUE. 
 
 " Bright guide to Commerce ! Though, alas ! do more 
 Thy buoyant footsteps mark earth's narrow shore ; 
 Though not for thoe heaven's wheeling orbs return ; 
 Though not for thee yon glistening pleiads burn ; 
 Though from this spot no longer looks thiuo eye, 
 As once to scan the conntlcss worlds on high ; — 
 In every age, through every sea and clime. 
 The name of Bowditcii triumphs over time." 
 
 [J. T. Fields. 
 
 " A garland for the noble dead ! 
 A chaplet for the silver head I 
 The star that tells the mariner 
 Far over trackless deeps to steer. 
 Hero wanes ! Like the sea's moamful surge. 
 The breeze o'er Bowditch sighs its dirge." 
 
 [McLella.n. 
 
 Erected upon a granite foundation, and facing the main entrance 
 to Mount Auburn, stands the imposing bronze statue of the venerable 
 Dr. Bowditch, than whom few have ever existed, more deserving of 
 the apphcation of the scripture Hue — " Mark the perfect man, and be- 
 hold the upright; for the end of that man is peace." Like Enoch of 
 old, he "walked with God" in humility and virtue; he felt the ra- 
 diance of a path enlightened by the Deity, and it led him successfully 
 on towards the realms of innnortality. This remark may well be 
 made of one of whom one of his biographers has said, that at the
 
 106 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 age of twenty-one, " he exhibited all those beautiful and harmonious 
 elements, -which he ever afterwards retained. That deep religious 
 principle which sustained and cheered him in the last hours of his 
 life, had guided his boyhood, and was the familiar and inseparable 
 companion of his mature years ; and already wore displayed those va- 
 rious social and personal virtues, which were to render him a moral 
 exemplar to the community in which he lived." 
 
 " I have known Dr. Bowditch," said one of his seafaring compan- 
 ions, "intimately for more than fifty years, and I knoiv no faults. This 
 may seem strange ; for most of your great men, when you look at 
 them closely, have something to bring them down, — but he had noth- 
 ing. I suppose all Europe would not have tempted him to swerve a 
 hair's breadth from what he thought right." 
 
 These tributes to mora! excellence are dearer to a man's children, 
 and more worthy of estimation l)y the world, than the greatest scho- 
 lastic attainments ; the human heart should lean towards goodness and 
 virtue, rather than to fame — for " time may efface a name engraven on 
 marble ; but to do so, it must corrode the material : it is the same with 
 the heart; our strong impressions may be erased ; but before they can 
 be so, the heart itself must be impaired." 
 
 Dr. Nathaniel Bowditch was born in Salem, Massachusetts, March 
 2Gth, 3 773, being a descendant of a respectable ancestry, who were 
 shipmasters and mechanics; and, like many eminent men of past and 
 present time, he could trace his progress in virtue and high attain- 
 ments, to the influence of his mother, a strong-mindc^d and exemplary 
 woman, who exercised a most salutary effect upon the mind of her 
 sou, in llic development of his fine (rails of cli;iraclcr and remarkable 
 talents.
 
 THE BOWDlTCn STATUE. ,107 
 
 The early youth of Dr. Bowditch was one of struggle and self- 
 denial. Having received some slight elementary instruction, he was 
 taken (at the age of ten years) to labor in his father's shop as a 
 cooper, and was afterwards transferred to a ship-chandlery establish- 
 ment. In 1795, at the age of twenty-two, he sailed on his first voy- 
 age ; and was thus put in the way of becoming what he was in after 
 years — a practical navigator, and a profound mathematician. He 
 was extremely fond of books, and spared no pains to avail himself of 
 every means of acquiring information, whether relating to philosophy 
 or science. When not able to purchase such books as he desired, he 
 would take the trouble of transcribing their contents with the pen ; 
 and in this way he wrote off mathematical and other papers of in- 
 terest, to the extent of twenty folio and quarto com.mon-place books and 
 other volumes. These have now become the most valuable relics in 
 the library of the venerable departed ; and they serve as examples of 
 industry and courage to his gifted children. And here we are re- 
 minded of the words of an able writer, who says that ''patience is 
 necessary in all things, and is, perhaps, one of the most useful and es- 
 timable qualities of life. It enables us to bear, without shrinking, the 
 bitterest evils that can assail us ; whilst without patience, philosophy 
 would never have made those wonderful discoveries that subjugate 
 nature to our yoke." 
 
 It is related of Dr. Bowditch, that between the years 1795 and 
 1804, he made five voyages, beginning the first voyage in the capacity 
 of clerk, and in the last, attaining the rank both of master and super- 
 cargo. During his voyages he perfected a knowledge of many of the 
 modern languages, and made those rapid advances in mathematical 
 calculations, which afterwards so peculiarly distinguished him.
 
 108 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 " On the 28th of May, 1799," says his son, in a preface to Dr. Bow- 
 ditch's translation of the " Mecauique Celeste," " he was chosen a mem- 
 ber of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Some of the most 
 valuable and interesting papers in its Transactions, were the subsequent 
 contributions of his pen ; and the presidency of the society, to which 
 he was elected in May, 1829, in the place of John Quiucy Adams, is 
 one of the highest honors which science offers to her votaries on this 
 side of the Atlantic." 
 
 One of the greatest works of the life and energy of Dr. Bowditch, 
 was the preparation of '• Tlte New American Practical Navigator" — 
 a work used by every shipmaster sailing from our shores, and adopted, 
 in portions, into English works, to the same valuable end. 
 
 In 1823, Dr. Bowditch removed from Salem to Boston, having been 
 for many vcars President of the Essex Fire and Marine Company, 
 where his admirable management gained for the institution a very 
 large surplus of profits. His various scientific papers had now 
 amounted to a valuable accunmlation. His astronomical calculations 
 were of the greatest nicety, and his demonstrations had served to 
 correct many inaccuracies in other writers. But the most important 
 work of Dr. Bowditch's life, was his translation of the " ]\Iecanique 
 Celeste" of La Place — a work which is confessed to be more com- 
 plete than the original; since the indefatigable translator, not content 
 with an adherence to the text, had superadded all the more important 
 modern calculations, making it to embrace a comijlctc history of the 
 state of the science at the time of its publication. A higher tribute 
 to the great value of a work could not l)c given, than the let- 
 ters received by Dr. Bowditcli tVoni tlic most eminent scientific men 
 of Europe, all attesting to the perfection and iniporlancc ol his lal)ors.
 
 THE BOWDITCH STATUE. 109 
 
 Probably few men living had refused so many honors of place and 
 station, as Dr. Bowditch. Ardently attached to his native town of 
 Salem, and being certainly one of its greatest benefactors, he declined 
 an appointment as Professor of Mathematics in Harvard University, 
 as well as a similar one in the University of Virginia, and in the 
 Academy at West Point. Offices in Boston were also ofl'ered him ; 
 but he could not be brought from his favorite residence until the abso- 
 lute importance of his acceptance of the charge of the Massachusetts 
 Hospital Life Insurance Company, seemed to win him from his 
 favorite home. He had at first declined this appointment ; but the 
 urgent necessity of the case baffled his attachment to Salem, and he 
 felt it his duty to yield to the good of others. A pul)lic festival was 
 given in his honor when he left Salem for the adjacent city, and upon 
 occasion of which, the most touching expressions of love and esteem 
 were bestowed upon him. Amongst others, it was said that, as " he 
 was the first of his countrymen in the walks of science, so he was 
 second to no man on earth for purity and honor." It was declared, 
 also, at the same time, that " as the monarchy of France had done 
 honor to her La Place, so would the republic of America not be un- 
 grateful to her Botvditch." 
 
 Dr. Bowditch was a person of rare insight into character, and sin- 
 gular magnanimity of disposition, as various anecdotes connected with 
 his official career attest ; whilst his great precision in business matters, 
 made him a model of honorable imitation. The Rev. Mr. Young, in 
 his eulogy, has said of Dr. Bowditch, that "the world has been the 
 happier and wiser that he has lived in it ;" and the youth of our land 
 should proudly take him for an example. How much of Dr. Bow- 
 ditch's excellence of character and kindly regard for others, proceeded
 
 110 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 from his constant realization that he was an " accountable agent," and 
 must one day be called to " give an account of his stewardship," we 
 do not pretend to say ; but it is evident that Faith was the guiding- 
 star of his life, and " brotherly love" «ne of the best attributes of his 
 being. 
 
 Dr. Bowditch died on the 16th of March, 1838. One of tJie 
 happiest and most beautiful tributes to his memory, is recorded in the 
 resolutions adopted by the Marine Society of Salem, upon the sad 
 occasion of his decease. We extract the passage, as follows: 
 
 " When the voice of eulogy shall be still ; when the tear of sorrow 
 shall cease to flow, no monument shall be needed to keep alive his 
 memory among men ; — but as long as ships shall sail, the needle point 
 to the north, and the stars go through their wonted courses in the 
 heavens, the name of Dr. Bowditch will be revered as of one who 
 helped his fellow-men in a time of need ; who was and is a guide to 
 them over the pathless ocean ; and of one who forwarded the great 
 interests of mankind." 
 
 The monument which has been recently placed in Mount Auburn, 
 is the first bronze statue of any magnitude executed in our country, 
 and is the work of Ball Hughes, au English artist some time resi- 
 dent ill tiie United States. The design is good, and the likeness 
 admirable ; whilst the whole figure is expressive of dignity, benevo- 
 lence, and superior ihoiigiit. The drapery is well arranged, and the 
 sentiment of llic figure in perfect keeping witii the character of the 
 man. Tt is ;m fiMliii'mg memorial of one, who, though lie needed no 
 monument to perpetuate his memory, deserved from his fellow-citizens 
 a proud and honor;)!)''' tribute. 
 
 The statue has been erected by subscription, and placed in a con-
 
 THE BOWDITCH STATUE. lit 
 
 spiciious position amidst tho woody foliage of Mount Auburn. In 
 the language of Mrs. Sigourney, 
 
 " Tlien let this haunt bo sacred. For the feet 
 Of strangers, here, in future days shall turn, 
 As to some Mecca of philosophy ; 
 And here the admiring youth shall come to seek 
 Some relic of tho great and good — whose fame 
 Shall gather greenness from the hand of Time."
 
 VIEW FROM MOUNT AUBURN. 
 
 " And here, upon this self-same spot, ere yet 
 The chilling forms of cold iudilierence, 
 And fears of dark distrust, had worn my heart, 
 And dimm'd the brightness of my youthful thoughts — 
 I've laid me down, and mused for long, long hours, 
 Till I had fill'd the scene with images 
 And airy thoughts, that seem'd to live and breathe 
 Amid the waving plants and flowers that bloom'd 
 On every side." 
 
 [Anonymous. 
 
 The highest eminence of the cemetery ground is denominated 
 Mount Auburn ; and from this elevation the view has been drawn 
 which appears in the present work. In the summer season, when the 
 thick trees have put on their full array, and appear in all their beauty, 
 the panorama is nearly lost to the view of the spectator ; but in the 
 autumn of the year, a scene is presented irom this high land, which is 
 wortliy of the poet or the painter. Passing from the main avenue of 
 the cemetery, a circuitous road leads the visiter to the summit of 
 Mount Auburn, from which, in perspective, rise the numerous spires of 
 the near city of Boston. Still nearer, and more visible, are the walls 
 of that fostering mother of learning and science, the venerable Har- 
 vard. Th(! quiet dwellings of Cambridge lie scattered over the forc- 
 grouml, while Charles IMver, winding through the valley beneath, rolls 
 its accumulal(!d waters lo tin" ocean.
 
 VIEW FROM MOUNT AUBURN. 113 
 
 It is a favorable position from which to gaze downwards upon the 
 formation of tiio ground ; upon (lie varied undulations of the hills and 
 dales, the tr;inquil lakes, and the deep shadows of the groves. We 
 look down upon a place of welcome rest for the world-weary, and the 
 very stillness of the spot acquires a peculiar solemnity. The whisper 
 of the pines is heard around it; and a sweet melody, peaceful and 
 holy, comes upon the awakened soul, and appeals to other than the 
 mere sense of sound. It seems as if it were, indeed. 
 
 " the very voice of the Lord God, 
 
 That Adam lieard walking among the treex 
 Of his own garden, in the cool of day." 
 
 The picturesque chapel of the cemetery, seen beyond, and the tall 
 spires of the distant churches, arouse the spirit of devotion. Beauti- 
 fiil repose is the prevailing feature of the landscape. The traveller 
 who visits Mount Auburn should not cease his wanderings over the 
 grounds until he has ascended this height, and marked each varied 
 feature in his mind's tablet. We may well gain a lesson from nature 
 amid such scenes of tranquil beauty, and learn to conform our lives to 
 the order of her works, in view both of the present and the future.
 
 THE CONCLUSION. 
 
 " Whnt is life ? A liltle journey, 
 
 Ending ere 'lis well begun ; 
 'Tis a gay, disastrous tourney, 
 
 Wlicre a mingled tilt is run ;" 
 And the head that wears a crown 
 
 'Neath the meanest lance goes down. 
 Walk, tiien, on life's pathway, mortal ! 
 
 \\"ith a pure and steadfast heart ; 
 So that, through death's frowning portal, 
 
 Peacefully thou niayst depart." 
 
 In the comments made in the foregoing pages upon some of the 
 more gifted individuals, whose hodies lie interred in Mount Auhurn, 
 we feel that we have spoken of those whose genius has not rested 
 upon dubious testimony. We have spoken of Story, Cuanning, 
 BowniTcn, and other cotemporary minds, whose vigorous intellectual 
 energies have gained for them an enduring name. As Hartley Cole- 
 ridge said of tlie immortal Newton, "his body is in the grave; his 
 soul is with his I'atlii'r alioxc ; l)iit his iiiiiid is with us still" — so it is 
 with some of the inonarelis of the mind, who have relumed to their 
 kindred dust amidst these venerable shades; and "hence it is we per- 
 ceive the superiority of inlellect to all other gifts of earth, and its 
 ri;;bifiil subordination {<> thf grace which is of heaven. All but (he 
 mind cither perishes in time, or vanishes out of time into eternity. 
 Mind alone lives on with time, and keeps pace with the m;ucli of 
 ages."
 
 THE CONCLUSION. 115 
 
 But there are others whose remains lie within the precincts of 
 Mount Auburn, with whose fame the reader is faniiUar, though in re- 
 gard to whom, the necessary curtaihnent of these pages will not permit 
 us .space to render justice. We might speak of Buckminster, who 
 perished in his prime, full of all faculties and all studies, and who has 
 eloquently been called, by one of his professional brethren, "a youthful 
 marvel — the hope of the church, the oracle of divinity ;" or of one 
 who lived to " a good old age," and died full of years and knowledge 
 — the late venerable John Davis — an upright judge and a wise coun- 
 sellor, of whom it has been said, in a eulogy replete with glowing 
 truth, that he " merited the title of a Christian philosopher. Over his 
 old age philosophy and religion shed their mingled light, and poured 
 their soft glories around his head:" — Of Amos Binney, who died 
 recently in a foreign land, and whose remains have been buried in 
 Mount Auburn, by the side of the parents whom he loved. For him 
 the wonders of nature had a deep and abiding interest, and in him the 
 natural sciences possessed a devoted friend. He was taken away in 
 the midst of life, and yoixth, and love, when the pursuit of wisdom was 
 his fascination ; when the world was sweet, and the "journey had been 
 too short for the limbs to grow weary." He breathed his last in a 
 strange land — the fair clime of Italy ; but if his latest prayer was like 
 that of the aged patriarch, "bury me not in Egypt; but I will lie with 
 my fathers ; thou shalt carry me out of Egypt, and bury me in their 
 burying-place," his wish has been fully gratified. A classic monument, 
 designed and executed by that distinguished artist, Crawford, will 
 shortly be placed over his grave, and the hand of affection will then 
 have paid the last tribute to the memory of a scholar and a good man. 
 
 We might speak also of Henry Oxnaud, an enterprising sea-
 
 116 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 captain, who relinquished his early pursuits, in which he had gained 
 an honorable name, for mercantile life and a permanent home in Bos- 
 ton. With the acquisition of weahh, came the opportunities for 
 active benevolence ; but with these, finally, physical decay and death. 
 He was a valuable citizen and a kind friend — one to love for his 
 warmth of heart, and to imitate for his honorable enterprise. It is to 
 his memory that the beautiful Gothic monument, of which the engra- 
 ving in this work gives so faithful a delineation, has been erected. 
 
 Militarv as well as civil history is brought back with our reminis- 
 cences of Mount Auburn, as we tread over the graves of General 
 William Hull, of Captain Abraham Hull, or of that long-lived veteran, 
 Captain Josiah Cleaveland, to whose memory the citizens of Boston 
 have recently erected a monumental tablet, and of whose remarkable 
 life the following memorial has been recorded : — 
 
 " He was l)orn at Canterbury, Connecticut, December 3, 1753 ; he 
 died at Charlestown, Massachusetts, June 30, 1843. He was an officer 
 of the ariiiv of freedom. He served his country bravely and faithfully 
 through the whole w ar of the revolution. He fought lior battles at 
 Bunker-hill, Harlem Heights, White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Mon- 
 moutii, and Yorktown. He sustained an unblemished reputation, and 
 lived in the practice of every Christian virtue. He loved, served, and 
 feared God. In the ninetieth year of his age, he Journeyed nearly 
 five hundred mili's from bis home, to be present at the celebration of 
 the completion of the monument on ]}uiiker-bill. He lived to witness 
 that memorable s[)ectacle ; he was satisfied: lie laid down (inicth and 
 yielded u\) iiis hrcMili. iir;ii- ilir scene of his lirst conflict with the ene- 
 mies of bis country. Jle came among strangers; he died among 
 friends."
 
 EM 
 
 
 s 
 
 fci 
 
 ■•=1
 
 THE CONCLUSION. 117 
 
 In the course of this work, we have two engravings representing 
 monuments to Elijah Loring, Esq., of Boston, and J. H. Gossler, 
 Esq., of Germany, — the former a successful merchant, honorable, up- 
 right, and well-esteemed ; and the latter an enterprising and respecta- 
 ble young foreigner, who sought his fortune far from his own home, in 
 a land in which he gained many friends, and where his memory is yet 
 honored with many happy recollections. The forest scenery around 
 these picturesque spots of sepulture is peculiarly beautiful, and the 
 memorials themselves evince taste in design, and skill in execution. 
 
 But space fails lis to continue. even these brief obituaries, and, in- 
 deed, for the mention of many others among the gifted and beautiful 
 of the earth, male and female, over whom the angel Azrael waved his 
 wings, and " wooed them out of being," whilst in the apparent exer- 
 cise of health and strength. 
 
 In the previous remarks in relation to Mount Auburn, and some of 
 the most illustrious of its buried dead, we have been obliged to omit 
 many sketches of individual character, which might have been both 
 interesting and instructive. Several of the most enticing spots, 
 marked, too, by monuments of beauty, are owned by those who are 
 yet amongst us, buoyant with life and energy, and of whom to speak 
 here in lengthened tribute, how much soever they might deserve our 
 eulogy, would be inappropriate and premature. 
 
 Mount Auburn has become a spot upon which all hearts unite in 
 harmony of purpose, and from which the best aspirations of the soul 
 arise like clouds of incense towards heaven. It is adorned by nature, 
 and has been improved by art. It has become a sanctified sepulchre, 
 worthy of Christianity, and of a refined and intellectual people. In 
 the language of the lamented Story, here, then, " let us erect the me-
 
 118 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 niorials of our love, our gratitude, and our glory. Here let the brave 
 repose, who have died in the cause of their country. Here let the 
 statesman rest, who has achieved the victories of peace, not less re- 
 nowned than war. Here let genius find a home, that has sung immor- 
 tal strains, or has instructed with still diviner eloquence. Here let 
 learning and science, the votaries of inventive art, and the teacher of 
 the philosophy of nature, come. Here let youth and beauty, blighted 
 by premature decay, drop, like tender blossoms, into the virgin earth ; 
 and here let age retire, ripened for the harvest. Above all, here let 
 the benefactors of mankind, the good, the merciful, the meek, the pure 
 in heart, be congregated ; for to them belongs an undying praise. And 
 let us take comfort, nay, let us rejoice, that in future ages, long after 
 we are gathered to the generations of other days, thousands of kind- 
 ling hearts will here repeat the sublime declarations, 'Blessed are the 
 dead who die in the Lord, for they rest from their labors; and their 
 works do follow them.' " 
 
 Extending the possible advantages of such places of sepulture yet 
 farther, we may be permitted to (piote an English writer — the editor 
 of " Chambers' Journal" — who, in a description of the celebrated Ne- 
 cropolis at Glasgow, asks, " Can we but wonder that cemeteries of 
 this kind should be rare, when we think in \\li;il a dificreut position 
 we are placed by them, with respect to deparlfd iViends ! As funeral 
 matters are usually ordered, we seem to part forever from those we 
 have loved and lost. We consign them to tiie cold, dark, and untended 
 ground; llie [)hice of their rest is locked up from our siglit, or trodden 
 only by strangers; and ere long, the lank grass, the nclile, and the 
 rank weed, choke up tlirir ini\isited graves. How differeMt is it with 
 such ccmet<'ries as Pere hi Chaise! W'iien we lay down a l()\cd one
 
 n -^w SK
 
 THE CONCLUSION. 119 
 
 tlicre, we can still hold sweet coimnunion with him. We can show 
 our affection by planting the loveliest flowers of summer above his 
 head, and please ourselves with the belief that the tribute is not unbe- 
 held nor unappreciated. We can pull a flower from the place of his 
 repose, and carry it about with us, gratified with the thought, that if 
 we cannot have our friend again, we have something, at least, that has 
 sprung up from his dust. The place of death is no longer, in our 
 eyes, a place of gloom, desertion, and sorrow, at the bare idea of 
 which we shudder with horror and dismay. It is an agreeable resting- 
 spot, to which we retire at the close of life, still to be visited, and 
 gazed on, and cared for, by those we hold dear. Such is the change 
 in our feelings on this subject, which these beautiful cemeteries are 
 calculated to efl'cct ; and assuredly it is a change adapted neither to 
 make us worse men nor less happy." 
 
 " Plant not the cypress, nor yet the yew, 
 Too heavy their shadow, loo yloomy their liue, 
 For one wlio is sleeping in faith and love, 
 With a hope that is treasured in heaven above ; 
 In a holy trust are my ashes laid — 
 Cast yo uo darkness, throw ye no shade. 
 
 <■ 
 " Plant the greea sod with the crimson rose ; 
 Let my friends rejoice o'er my calm repose ; 
 Let my memory he like the odors shed, 
 My hope like the promise of early red ; 
 Let strangers share in their breutb and bloom- 
 Plant yo briglit roses over my tomb I"
 
 LIST OF PLATES. 
 
 Map, (to face vignette.) 
 
 View of the Pilgrim Path, ---------- Page 10 
 
 BiNNEy Monument, -----... ..gi 
 
 Naval Monument, (Central Avenue,) 23 
 
 Chapel, .....36 
 
 Tomb to Spurzheim, --....... 40 
 
 Lowell Monument, ---.......44 
 
 Central Square, --.--..... 60 
 
 Harvard Hill, q-j 
 
 Appleton Monument, ----..,.. 77 
 
 Monument to Channing, ---...--.85 
 
 Forest Pond, 94 
 
 Consecration Dell, --........ 101 
 
 BowDiTCH Monument, ......... 105 
 
 View from Mount Auburn, --.......-.112 
 
 View of Oxnard's Monument, -.-....... H5 
 
 " Gossler's " --..--....117 
 
 " Loring's " -.-.-.-... 118 
 
 Patterns of Railinos, • 120
 
 m 
 
 Q 
 
 ©
 
 _; — ,:??;|-2^.-i^..a~t 
 
 
 — — ^-=^^<^^^ 
 
 S^i 
 
 ^' Wr^r. ' ^
 
 ei^(SiaiIBEl 
 
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 MOUNT AUBURN ILLUSTRATED. 
 
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 Chapmini, 11. f!. 
 Chase, II. S. 
 Cooke, Josiah V. 
 Carnith, Nathan 
 Cristy, Wm. 
 Cunnninss, Charles I). 
 Culler, P. D. 
 Collins, E. 
 Carey, J. (i. 
 Cheever, S. G. 
 Curtis, J. J. 
 Curtis, Samuel S. 
 Davis, Gilman 
 Danckler, John 
 Downs & Ball 
 Dean, .Miss E. C. 
 Day, Joseph iM. 
 Delno, Thomas J. 
 Diarbom, Nathaniel 
 Darlin:;, K. 
 Dilloway, Samuel 
 Dana, Citis H. 
 Dcnison, J. N. 
 Dearborn, N. S. 
 Drew, C. 
 Davison, Mrs. E. 
 De.xter, H. N. 
 Davies, S. M. 
 Davis, Henry A. 
 Dasconib, J. W. 
 Davis, Ambrose 
 Doane, Miss C. 
 Dunbar, .Melzar 
 Darlnig, D. B. 
 Darracoit, George 
 Dana, A. N. 
 Davis, Thomas 
 De.xter, ThoTnns A. 
 D''(](|, James 
 Dana, Samuel 
 Davis, Henry 
 Dewhuret, Wni. 
 Dixwell, J. J. 
 Davis, J., Jr. 
 Emerson, Wm. P. 
 Ellis, George 
 Eaton, Wm. J. 
 Emmons, Nathaniel H. 
 Eaton, Wm. 
 Emery, T. S. 
 Eaton, Ira T. 
 Eldridge, O. 
 Edmands, J. W. 
 Eliot, Samuel A. 
 Forbusli, James E. 
 Fobcs, Wm. F. 
 Field, P. H. 
 Fitch, fJeo. E. 
 Fiske, J. 
 Fraser, George 
 Foster, W. If. 
 Francis, Nathaniel 
 Foster, Geo. B. 
 Flagg, Josiah F. 
 
 Fay, Thos. G. 
 Foster, J. H. 
 Fuller, Henry H. 
 Fessendcn, Abijnh 
 Ferrars, J. A. 
 Flint & Kent 
 Fisk, II. M. 
 Fisk, W. P. 
 Fletcher, J. E. 
 Fuller, R. Henry 
 Frothinnlmni, S. 
 Flint, Waldo 
 Fairbanks. H. P. 
 Farnhniii, Henry 
 Frotliinijliiini, Samuel 
 Forbes F. H. 
 Fairfield, John 
 l'"osler, Josepli 
 Fletcher, Kicliiinl 
 Fuller, Henry II. 
 Gage, J. 
 
 Goodwin, ]\Ii-s. Kli/a 
 Greene, Daniel 
 Greene, David 
 (Mover, Henrv 
 Grant, P, 
 
 Grant, Daniels & Co. 
 Grafton, S. G. 
 (ircekv, T. C. 
 Gray, G. H. 
 Greenwood, John 
 Gould, George F. 
 Gridley, Charles H. 
 Gorhaiu, J. L. 
 Griggs, Henry 
 Gib-son, Geo. I,. 
 Gates, James W. 
 Guild, Albert 
 Grant, Moses 
 Gibson, Charles L. 
 Gray. Rev. F. T. 
 Griswold, A. W. 
 Goodwin, Ozias 
 Goodrich, Ira 
 Greenough, Wm. 
 Goodrich, C. B. 
 Grega, Dr. .Samuel 
 Gould, I!. A. 
 Hubart, Enoch 
 Holbrook, S. 
 Herman, S. 
 Herriek, E. T. 
 Horton, Win. H. 
 Hooper, R. H. 
 Howard, B. C. 
 Henshaw. John 
 Hyland. Wm. W. 
 Hale, D. X. 
 Hmchings, E. W. 
 Harris, R. D. 
 Hewins, .Simon K. 
 Hutchinson, A. 
 Hanson, M. P. 
 Hill, J. M. 
 Hersey, Daniel 
 Hayward, J. 
 Howe. Francis 
 Hardinz, Francis L. 
 Hall, A. T. 
 Hawley, G. T. 
 Ilutehinirs, Jnmes R. 
 Hawley. F. A. 
 Holdcn, Thomas 
 Hastings, Charles 
 Holton, Samuel S. 
 Henderson, Charles 
 Hartshorn, James 
 Homer, Charles 
 Hull, Thomas 
 Humphrey, William 
 
 Howe, T. Q. 
 Heard, Augustine 
 Hosiner, Zelotes 
 Huntington, L. A. 
 Hedge, Frank 
 Hunt, N. 
 Ilanscombe, A. 
 Howe, Joseph N., Jr. 
 Harvey, Peter 
 Howe, George 
 Hennessey, Edward 
 Heard, Mrs. John 
 Hooper, Robert 
 Johnson, J. C. 
 Jones, 11. H. 
 Jones, E. T. 
 Johnson, Edwin 
 Jones, Naliuni 
 Josselyn, Lewis 
 Jones, J. Whitney 
 .lameson, Wm. H. 
 Jones, Eliplialei 
 Johnson, James T. 
 Jones, Cyrus W. 
 Kendall, Abel 
 King, C. J. 
 Kennedy, F. W 
 Kidder, James H. 
 Kelliam, Wni. 
 Kimball, D.iiiiel 
 Kelleher, John 
 Kuhn, G. H. 
 Kenard, James W. 
 Kendall, S. B. 
 Luni, George 
 Lothrop, ,S. K. 
 Lincoln, F. W., Jr. 
 Lefler, Charles 
 Longhurst, Mrs. M. B. 
 Law, Asa 
 Lovejoy, Joseph 
 Lewis, Joseph 
 Lang, W. B. 
 Lewis, Charles P. 
 Lemisi, George H. 
 Lincoln, M. S. 
 Lucas, Edmund G. 
 Loring, Miss C. W. 
 Locke, Charles B. 
 Lombard, J. 
 Lee, Thomas J. 
 Low, Peter 
 Lewis, Samuel R. 
 Lord, George C. 
 Lovejoy, S. 
 Lawrence, Abbott 
 Lee, Sarah 
 Loring, John G. 
 Lloyd, Daniel 
 Loring, Henry 
 Lewis, S. S. 
 Loring, Benjamin 
 Locke, Lyman 
 Leiand, Shemian 
 Locke, Charles A. 
 Lawrence, Amos A. 
 Lawrence, Wm. 
 Lampson, Wm. 
 Litdehale, Miss 
 Mallory. R. P. 
 Moore, Henry 
 Marsh, J. F. 
 Mayo, Charles 
 .Marsh, Mrs. Hiram 
 Major, Miss Marv 
 Maynard, J. W. ' 
 Mullen, James 
 May, .S. B. 
 Mason, Joseph 
 Morton, Francis C. 
 3 
 
 Mellen, G. W. F. 
 Modett, John H. & Co. 
 Merritt, J. 
 Motley, Thomas 
 Merrill, H. G. 
 Mayo, Edward R. 
 Messenger, G. W. 
 May, .John J. 
 Mead, Samuel O. 
 Miles, Waller 
 Mills, Charles 
 Noble, Wm. 
 Nichols, Wm. 
 Norcross, Otis 
 Nolen, .S., Jr. 
 Newhall, D. B. 
 Odiorne, Miss Sarah E. 
 Olipbant, H. D. 
 0.\nard, II. P. 
 (halves, George S. 
 Oliver, Francis .f. 
 Oliver, Peter 
 Parker, Daniel P. 
 Pope, Lemuel 
 Parker, Luther L. 
 Patten, E. W. 
 Page, James 
 Pilsbuiy, James H. 
 Pike, Charles S. 
 Pratt, G. W. 
 Perrv, John, Jr. 
 Pierce, H. A. 
 Preston, J. A. 
 Proctor, J. P. 
 Packer, George 
 Philbuck, Thomas G. 
 Parks, Luther 
 Pierce, T. B. 
 Perkins, Mary T. 
 Parker, Charles H. 
 Parker, John W. 
 Parker, Isaac 
 Parker, W. H. 
 Parker, Peter 
 Prince, John T. 
 Putnam, Mrs. Catherine 
 Rodgers, Edwin A. 
 Redding, Charles 
 Rogers, A. 
 Read, G. S. 
 Richardson, J. 
 Rand, R. R. 
 Richards, Joel 
 Ropes, H. 
 Rich, Otis 
 Reed, W. 
 Richards, J. L. 
 Richardson, S. O. 
 Robbins, Dr. R. L. 
 Richards, Mrs. 
 Randall, John N. 
 Reid, Geo. H. 
 Rogers, John H. 
 Ranloul, R. 
 Richards, Reuben 
 Rogers, George 
 Robbins, E. H. 
 Reynolds, Edward 
 Read & Chadwick 
 Russell, James 
 Rich, Benjamin 
 Rand, L. 
 Robinson, J. P. 
 Redd, Wm. 
 Rice, Israel C. 
 Raymond, Edward A. 
 Rollins. Mre. E. 
 Reed, G. P. 
 Sprague. F. 
 Snow, Samuel T. 
 
 Simmons, Geo. W. 
 Smith, C. F. 
 Salman. E. 
 Swett, E. H. 
 Southard, Z. 
 Shiverick, George 
 Sigourney, David 
 Smilic, Dr. E. R. 
 Shaw, W. F. 
 Salvo, B. 
 Sparrell, W. 
 Stott, John 
 Sargent. James O. 
 Savillc, R. L. 
 Surrctte, Louis A. 
 Siders, (Charles 
 Sumner, F. A. 
 Sawver, James S. 
 Sawyei-, \Vni. B. 
 Sumner, T. A. 
 Simpson, M. H. 
 Sumner, A. 
 Sawyer, Warren 
 Sears, David 
 Sewall, M. 
 Sparrliawk, George 
 Sturgis, Rus,sell 
 Shattuck, Dr. George G. 
 Stearns, Joseph G. 
 Snow, H. A. 
 Smith A: Sumner 
 Sewall, S. E. 
 Stedman, D. B. 
 .Shaw, Charles B. 
 .Stone, Wm. W. 
 Snow, Mrs. Thomas 
 .Stone, Henry B. 
 Swett, S. 
 Savage, James 
 Shaw, Robert G. 
 .Smart, Mrs. Ann 
 Sargent, L. M. 
 Sibley, Henry 
 Train, Enoch 
 Tha.\ter, D. 
 Teulon, E. A. 
 Thayer, B. W. 
 Townsend, Charles B. 
 Turner, H. W. 
 Tallant, W. 
 Tucker, Dr. E. D. 
 Tucker, Dr. J. 
 Tyler, Frederick T. 
 Tyler, John S. 
 Tappan, E. 
 Tyler, J. C. 
 Tuckcrman, John 
 Tewktbury, G. P. 
 Tudor, Frederick 
 Tirrell, Edward C. 
 Tappan, John 
 Tisdale, M. 
 Thompson, N. A. 
 Tucker, John L. 
 Trull, John 
 Trendei. Mrs. F. 
 Tridl, John W. 
 Thwing, S. C. 
 Tenney, N. F. 
 Thorndyke, J. P. 
 Tole, I. B. 
 Tompkins, Abel 
 Underbill, Miss Eliza 
 Van Arnnud, D. G. 
 Veazie, J. A. 
 Viall, John 
 Voclckers, Theodore 
 Vamey, Mrs. George R 
 Walbridge, Miss C. 
 Walley, Samuel H., Jr.
 
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 Wheeler, Frederick L 
 Walker, E. 
 Wiggin, Robert P. 
 Walker, E. F. 
 Waterslon, R. 
 Willis, Hamilton 
 Watts, Miss A. 
 Withington, Increase S. 
 Whitney, George 
 Warren, James L. L. F. 
 Whytal, Thomas G. 
 Whiting, T. S. 
 Warren, A. C. 
 Wilmot, N. N. 
 Wright, F. E. 
 Wheehvrisht, J. W. 
 Warren, Henrv 
 While, F. E. 
 Weld, Moses B. 
 Wilson, Wm. H. 
 Whiltemore. Augustus 
 Winter, F. B. 
 Wigglesworth, Mrs. T. 
 Whiting, Caleb 
 Wilder,' Marshall P. 
 Willis, Nathaniel 
 Witherbee, J. B. 
 Williams, David W. 
 Weld, John D. 
 Wliall, Joseph B. 
 White, H. L. 
 Whitney, N. D. 
 Winslow, George 
 Warren, S. D. 
 Wetherell, John 
 Whiton, J. P. 
 Winsor, N., Jr. 
 Welles, Mrs. 
 Wolcott, J. H. 
 
 PROVIDENCE, 
 
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 Allen, ZachariaU 
 Dennis, D. L. 
 Kent, Dr. J. Emerson 
 King, Wm. J. 
 Mathewson, Miss P. 
 Paine, Mis.? Amarancy 
 Smith, Richard 
 Wilson, Samuel S. 
 
 NEW-HAVEN, 
 
 rON.\. 
 
 Salisbury, Prof. 
 
 Willcox, H. A. 
 
 Silliman, Prof. 
 
 Skinner, Hon. E. F. 
 Ritter, T. 
 Mosely, Mrs. 
 Nasli, A. C. 
 Austin, 
 
 JERSET CXTT, 
 
 Gregory, J. G. 
 Gregory, D. S. 
 Henderson, D. 
 James, J. B. 
 McClelland, R. 
 Rathbun, H. 
 
 STATEN ISXiANO, 
 
 N. Y. 
 
 Harcourt, Dr. '.Tames 
 Eraser, Donald 
 Vrecland, J. N. E. 
 
 mALDEN, 
 
 MAS.S. 
 
 WHITE PXiAINS, Barney, George T. 
 
 HARTFORD, 
 
 CONX. 
 
 Wells, Horace 
 Barker, C. N. 
 Morgan, Lewis 
 
 Greenleaf, Dr. 
 
 Malory, James E. 
 
 Colt, 
 
 Rood, 
 
 Hall, 
 
 Baterson, James G. 
 
 miDDX.'CTOWN, 
 
 CONN. 
 
 Ward, Mrs. 
 Braddley, N. 
 
 Bradley, 
 
 Brainard, Mrs. Erastus 
 
 Russell, 
 
 Dufficld. Sirs. 
 
 STOCSBRIDGE, 
 
 MASS. 
 
 Dresser, J. B. 
 
 WIX.I.IAiaSB'GH, 
 
 Ssvinburne, John 
 
 ROSBURT, 
 
 .MASS. 
 
 Caldwell, S. B. 
 Callender, J. 
 (luild, (Jeo. 
 liCe, Wm. R. 
 Oliver, S. H. 
 Ropes, C. 
 
 RAVERHILI., 
 
 -lUSS. 
 
 Duncan, F. 
 
 Heath, A. C. 
 
 FLATBUSH, 
 
 I.. 1. 
 
 Crook, Mr.s. Philip t^. 
 Diiryee, Miss Helen N. 
 Duryec, Mrs. C. 
 Johnson, David 
 Lett, Mrs. Ann M. 
 Martense, Mrs. Helen 
 Storer, Edward 
 Vanderbilt, .lohn 
 Willink, J. A. 
 Swain, Charles D. 
 Ward, Nahum 
 
 CHARX.ESTOWN, 
 
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 Brown, Benjamin, Jr. 
 Foss, Jacob 
 Fuller, J. 
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 CAmBRIDGE. 
 
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 Everett. Edward 
 Hofl'cndalil. II. 
 Lowell, Mrs. 
 Stearns, W. U. 
 
 E. CAniBRIDGE, 
 
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 Hall, W. A. 
 Phinney, E. 
 Pond, C. T. 
 Russell, E. 
 Watson, N. 
 
 BOX.TON, 
 
 MASS. 
 
 JAMAICA, 
 
 Kelsev, Thomas H. 
 
 Mills, N. S. 
 Smith, Anthony M. 
 Spader, John 
 
 SAI.Eni, 
 
 .MASS. 
 
 Hodgdon, G. 
 llodgdon, George C. 
 
 CADSBRXDGE-F T, 
 
 .MASS. 
 
 Forbush, J. 
 
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 NEWARK, 
 
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 Dimrombe, C. T. 
 
 FLUSHING, 
 
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 Peek, Mi-s. 
 
 DETROIT, 
 
 MICH. 
 Ijcdyard, Henry 
 
 TORONTO, 
 
 CANADA. 
 
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