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SCOTT-BROWNE'S
TEXT-BOOK of PHONOGRAPHY,
A NEW PRESENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF
THE ART,
AS PRACTISED BY NINE-TENTHS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE PROFES-
SION IN AMERICA; AND THE ONLY WORK EMBODYING THE
IMPROVEMENTS MADE IN THE LAST TEN YEARS.
FOR
SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND PRIVATE INSTRUCTION,
BY
D. L. SCOTT-BROWNE.
TEACHERS OP THE ART FOR BIGHT YEARS IN THE COLLEGE OF PHONOGRAPHY:
EDITOR OF "Browne's phonographic monthly and reporters' jour-
nal" (organ or THE profession); author of THE AMERICAN
standard series of PHONOGRAPHIC TEXT-BOOKS; MEMBER
or THE AMERICAN PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
PART I.
TEN THOUSANDTH EDITION— REVISED.
NEW-YORK :
D. L. Scott-Browne,
1887.
COPYRIGHT BY
D. L. SCOTT-BROWNE,
1887,
GIFT
35sr
PREFACE TO THE SEVENTH EDITION.
This work, presenting what is known as the American Stand-
ard system of Phonography, contains the improvements made by the
profession during the past twenty five years' practice, down to date.
It has become the leading text-book of phonography in the schools
thruout the country where shorthand is taught, and, especially, in the
Chain of Phonographic Colleges established by the author in the
United States and elsewhere.
The chief improvements of this edition are : Better practise
exercises on the upward and downward L and E, with simplified
directions for understanding the application of these principles.
Exercises in other parts of the work have been improved to make
more positive and clear the application of such principles as might be
employed in different ways, but which would be better used in one
uniform manner, thus avoiding confusion in their application. The
various lists of abbreviations have been supplied with practise exer-
cises which aid to their easy mastery. Some writing exercises have
been made over, supplying words better suited to clearly illustrate
principles. The Sen principle, which by accident was omitted from
the last three editions, has been added. Also directions for the for-
mation of imperfect hooks or offsets, which have been difficult for the
student to understand and which are now made clear. The affix
signs have been better arranged. A list of about one hundred and
fifty abbreviations added and general directions given for further
study. Typographical and other discrepancies have been removed.
The book has been thoroly criticized by the author and teach-
ers in general during its past four years' use, and being revised now
for the third time, it is believed to be the best instruction book
on shorthand writing. It has cost the author fifteen years' labor
to bring the art to its present state of perfection and to present it in
the most practicable manner, affording a book that will meet and
remove the difficulties experienced by students.
The work presents but one style of writing equally suited to all
uses required either by the amanuensis or verbatim reporter, and is
in every respect the system receiving the highest acknowledgements
of the profession and of teachers. The Author.
Phonographic Headquarters,
23 Clinton Place, New-York City.
[an. 1 836.
M787592
CONTENTS.
Preface .......... ui
To THE Learner ........ y
Definitions ........ t • viii
CONSONANTS:—
Lesson L — Consonant Alfabet ....... i
VOWELS AND VOWELIZATION:—
Lesson IL — Positiv and Relutiv Values ...... 6
Lesson III. — Short Vowels ....... 13
Lesson IV.— Extra Vowels ....... 17
Punctuation, Capitals, E'nphasis ....... 18
Lesson V. — Difthongs or Compound Vowels ..... 19
Lesson VI. — -Joined Vowel Ticks ....*. 21
CIRCLES AND LOOPS:—
Lesson VII. — Brief additional signs for f and x . . . . aa
Lesson VIII. — Loops for .r/ and j/r ...... aj
SEMICIRCLES AND HOOK:—
Lesson IX. — Brief Signs for Pl^a and Va ..... 29
Lesson X. — Brief iVa and Vd Signs disjoined .... 33
ASPIRATE TICK, HEH:—
Lesson XI. — Heh on stems ....... 37
ABBREVIATIONS AND POSITION:—
Lesson XII. — Abbreviations — Simple and Compound Steins . . 38
Lesson XIII. — Abbreviations — Circles, Loops and Vowels . . .43
Lesso.i XIV.— Abbreviations— Brief IVa and Va Signs— Vowel, Stem.
and Brief Sign Combination ...... 46
HALF-LENGTHS AND ED TICK:—
Lesson XV. — Halving Stems to add i or d — ^i/tick — Abbreviations 48
INITIAL HOOKS:—
Lesson XVL— Small Initial Hooks for / and r on mated stems—/ and r
on unmated stems — Abbreviations ..... 55
Lesson XVII.— The Initial Circle on I and r hook signs — Abbreviations . 63
Lesson XVIII— Back Hook for in. en. un 66
Lesson XIX.— VV-tick 67
Losson XX.— Small Terminal Hooks for « /and p— Abbreviations , 69
Expression of Numbers (See Part II., page I44.) .
Lesson XXI. — S/iu» And EsAitn Hooks^—Abhrevintions. ... 75
SHADING AND LENGTHENING:—
Lesson XXII.— Shading .fi//«— lengthening /V/o- —lengthening other curves
and A'rt and //a/t — Abbreviations ...... 7*
PREFIXES AND AFFIXES:—
Lesion XXIII. — Prefixes— Compound Prefixes .... 81
Lesson XXIV. — ^Affixes — Abbreviations as Affixes . ... 85
TO THE LEARNER.
In taking up the study of Fonografy the learner must under-
stand, from the start, that he is to lay aside the methods of both
spelling and writing words as taught in our books and dictionaries;
and that he must place himself in the attitude of a child who is just
beginning to learn his A B c. There are two reasons for this advice:
ist. — The fonografik alfabet, unlike the one in our spelling books,
contains as many letters or signs as there are elements or soimds in
the English language, and not one of these letters or signs stands
for more than one sound or value, hence, every word is to be spelled
by just those letters or signs that represent the sound heard in the
word — one sign for each sound, and no more. For example, the
word talk is composed of three sounds, or elements, t-aw-k; speak is
composed of four elements, s-p-e-k; back, three elements, b-d-k;
laugh, three elements, l-ah-f; etc. So, in fonografy, there must be
just as many signs used in spelling a word as there are elements, or
sounds, heard in the pronunciation of the word; three signs in spelling
talk, because there are but three elements heard; four signs in speak,
because there are but four elements heard; and so on, in this way
with all the words in the language.
2d. — The letters or signs of the fonografik alfabet are all ne7v
and unfamiliar to the learner, the same as a b c are new and un-
familiar to the child just learning them, and must be acquired in the
same way — by memorizing. The child memorizes principally by
the repeating procc-.s. The adult shortens this process by bringing
his mind — his judgment — his reasoning powers— to his assistance.
He calls to his aid all the ideas that he can associate in any way
with the lessons he is learning, that could avail him any thing in ac-
quiring them. The more intelligent the student, the more will he
leatu by this law of association of ideas.
The quickest way to learn the alfabet is. First: read it over,
noticing the name, sound, form, direction dind thickness or shading oi
each sign. Second: read carefully what is said about the manner of
"writing the stems — whether upward or downward, etc., following the
directions given in the Tkxt-Book, on page 2. Third: write the
first eight stems of the alphabet, making and naming them in pairs,
accenting the second one of each pair, and repeating words to rhyme
with them as follows:
Vi SCOTT-BROIVMETS TEXT-BOOK
Pe Be, Te De, Cha Ja, Ka Ga;
This /j for w^ to learn this r/^y.
Also notice that the stfems are arranged in the same regular order
as the spokes of a wheel, and that there is a thin and thick or light
and heavy spoke to each direction, thus: " V^ " \!/ \ j/
which, paired thus: "\J l/' and separated without breaking their
order, appear just as the^are seen in the alfabet:
W !l // ~
PeBe, Tc De, Cha /a, Ka Ga.
This is for me to learn this (/ay.
Then write the next eight stems, making and naming them also
in pairs, and repeating words that will rhyme with them:
Ef Fe, Ith 7yie, Es Zc, Ish Z//e;
This too, for me to learn, you see.
The remaining stems are unmated and divided into triplets, with
words to rhyme, as follows:
La Er Ra, Em Un Ing;
Did vou sav I might sing?
Wa Ya II ah.
Yes, ha-//^//
Write the alfabet in Scott-Browne's Fonografik Copy Book,
following the directions therein given. The last alfabet exercise in
the Copy-Book being like the one on page 3 of this book. If the
Copy-Book is not used, any blank note-book will do, taking care to
have the exercises neatly and correctly written.
At this point ask zohy some of the stems are mated — differ-
ing only in being light and heavy. Answer. Because the elements
or sounds represented by the stems of each mated pair are formed
alike in the mouth, and are alike, with the exception that the light
ones,/, t^ etc., are whispered, while their mates or cognates, b, d,
etc., are voiced— ihc voice being heard before the lips separate to
give them utterance. Therefore the 7vhispered mated elements are
represented by light lines — light sound, light stem — and the voiced
mated elements by heavyWw^s — heavy sound, heavy stetn. Pronounc-
ing the syllables ap, ab; at, ad; ach, aj; ak, ag; etc., will enable
the student to preceive, at once, both the similarity and difference
between the mated elements.
The unmated elements are all voiced except Hah, and are repre-
sented by the curved stems thai remained after the mated stems were
provided for.
OF PHONOGRAPHY. vii
PENS AND PENCILS.
Practise with either pen or pencil. It is better to be familiar
with the »jse of both. Let the pen be fine, and the ink clear and
black. Hold the pen loosely so that it can be turned easily in writ-
ing the outlines of words containing stems made in different direc-
tions. Some reporters hold the pen or pencil between the first and
second fingers. It is a good way, as the pen is more easily con-
trolled and it enables one to write longer without fatigue. Both this
atid the usual way are recommended — each as a rest to the other.
Of pencils graded by numbers, use No. 3; of Dixon's pencils, use
those marked S. M. (Soft Medium); of the American Fonografic Pen-
cils, use those marked S (Soft).
TIME REQUIRED TO LEARN PHONOGRAPHY.
Directions faithfully followed and lessons thoroughly learned,
together with an hour's daily practise, will enable the average student
to master this book in about two months. A month's additional
practise, of from two to three hours daily, from another's reading —
using any common school reading books (from Second to Fourth —
omitting all the poetry), and good business letters — will fit the
student to begin the work of receiving dictations of business letter.s,
provided he can spell, punctuate and write longhand, or operate a
writing machine well. These three are positiv pre-requisites in a
shorthand amanuensis.
HOW AND WHEN TO PRACTISE.
In writing after another's reading let the same matter be re-
peated three times, at least. This enables the writer to criticise his
first effort, make corrections, choose better forms for words, and im-
prove generally the appearance of the second effort. The third
effort confirms the corrections and improvements of the second and
advances' one's speed. After writing any thing the third time let the
shorthand notes be read as many as two or three times and written
out in longhand once. Repetition in writing and reading practise,
is one of the secrets of gaining speed in writing and readiness in
reading. As progress is made in correctness and speed of writing,
the repeating practice can be gradually discontinued. Let the stu-
dent ahvays read every thing he writes. One's own notes, after be-
coming able to write easily, make better I'eading exercises than
engraved fonografy. Amanuenses and reporters will have no trouble
in reading their notes if, during the preparatory course, they faith-
fully read every thing they write.
DEFINITION OF FONOGRAFY,
ETC.
FoNOGRAFY (Phonography). — Any system of writing language
in which only the sounds of the spoken word are represented.
Stenografy. — Any system of shorthand writing, using briei
alfabetic signs, arbitrary characters, principles of contraction, etc..
adequate to the representation and speed of verbatim speech. The
term is applied to systems of un-fonetik shorthand.
Steno-Fonografy. — Any sj^stem of fonetic shorthand employ-
ing the alfabetik signs of stenography, principles of abbreviation
and contraction, devices, etc.. adequate to the representation and
speed of verbatim speech.
FoNETiKs (Phonetics). — The science of the sounds of the humat
voice. — (Webster.)
FoNETiK (Phonetic) or Fonik (Phonic). — Relating to the repre-
sentation of sounds by characters. — (Webster.)
Fonetik or Fonik Shorthand and Steno-Fonopa/y both mean
one and the same thing.
The system of Shorthand or Stenografy taught in this book
is fonetik or fonografik, and, hence, like all other systems having
a fonetik basis, is termed, for brevity, Fonografy instead of Steno-
Fonografy, there being no longhand fonografy to require the othci
as a distinguishing name.
PRONUNCIATION OF NATURE, QUESTION, ETC.
The theoretical pronunciation of the words nature, Jnture, ques-
tion, fixture, etc., is not so conveniently or quickly represented in
fonografy as the popular pronunciation; therefore this work sanctions
the fonografik writing of nachur, fuchnr, queschun, Jixchur, etc. If
the rei)orter is to write what he hears, he will seldom have occasion
to represent other than the popular pronunciation given to this class
of words.
LBSSON I.
1.— CONSONANT ALFABET.
FONOGRAFIK
Stem or Letter.
Name.
Sound.
Power.
< 7:
z 2 /
z XL
\
/
/
STRAIGHT STEMS (Mated).
as in
Pe
P
Be
b
Te
t
De
d
Cha
ch
Ja
J
Ka
k
Ga
g
CUAVED STEMS (I^Iatei
(
(
)
)
J
J
CURVED and straight STEMS (not
f" upward
'upward
Ef
f .
Ve
V
Ith
th
The
dh
Es
s
Ze
z
Ish
sh
Zhe
zh
r
ASl-l- ^,^ up-
RATE." ward
La
1 "
Er
r
Ra
r
Em
m
Un
n
Ing
"g
Wa
w
Ya
y
Hah
h
a3
\t
a\d
each
joy, a^e, edge
oak, coo, echo
....egg, ego
if, Xavigk, phase
eve, Stephen
.... oath
.... the
.... MS, ace
.... oo^e, aj
ash, o^ean
. . . ajzure
Mated).
.... ale
.... ear
.... roar
.... aim
.... an
.... song
.... way
.... yon
.... hay
SCOTT^BROWNSS TBXT-BOOK
MANNER OF WRITING THE STEMS.
3. The Stems \ Pe, \ Be, \ TV, | De, / Cha, / fa:
are written downward. ^
3' — . ^<». — Ga, are written from left to right.
4- V^ ^/, ^ ^'f. C ^^^. C The, ) ^j, ) Zf, ^ Zh'.,
are written downward.
5- _>' /j">4 is written downward when it is the only stem in a
word, but when joined to other stems may be written either upwct^td
or downward, according to rules given in advanced lessons. When
written upward it is named Ska.
6. ('^La is written upward when it is the only stem in a word,
but when joined to other stems may be written either upward -r
dowmuard, according to rules given in advanced lessons. When writ-
ten downward it is named El.
7. "^ -Er is always written downward. >
8. ^ Ra is always written upward.
g. /"^ Em, \_>« [/n, >^^ /?tg, are written from le/t to righ:.
10. "^ Wa, ^ Ya, are written downward.
11. ^ Hah is always written upward.
RESUME.
a. __J Ish, written downward when it is the only stem in a word.
Written either upward or downward, according to certain rules, when
joined to other stems. Upward name, Sha.
b. f^ La, written upward when it is the only stem in a word.
Written either upxvard or downward, according to certain rules, when
joined to other stems. Downward name, El.
c. ^ Ra, ^^ Hah, always written upward.
d. Ka, „^ Ga, ^-^ Em, v^^ Un, ^^ Ing, written from Jr/f
^o right. ^
e. All the other stems invariably written downward.
Note. — Trace and name every one of the steins on pa^e i several times: aft<*r
whiclj, practise writing them in " Scott-Browne'a Phonograpliic Copy-Book," page i.
or PHONoasAPHv.
12.-EXERCISE TO BE WRITTEN IN COPY-BOOK.
Pe. Be, \.X \\ N^X \\ \ \ ,\\
/
Te, De, | | [I II_,J.I 11- II
Cha, Ja, /, / //_//_, //..../ / / /
Ka, Ga,
r
Ith, The. (C (,( (...( CX (.( ( (
Es, Ze. ) ) ).) \J > ) )) ) )
La or El, r c. c c.c r r r r r r r r.
E^' '^.":n..~^ .::^..3.':a '^^ ~^ z^. '::^ "a '^
R^' ^ y^.y' . /".. ^. ^ /^ / ,-^ / / X
Em,
Un,
Ing,
Wa,
Ya.
v^
v^
T>. ."^ ."^ ..:^ :^ "^ -^ "^ "^ "^ "^..">
Hah.
^
^.....^....^..<^...^^^^^
N'oTH.— For practise on this exercise see page i of " Piionographic Copv-Book.'
SCOTT.BROWNSrS TBXT^BOOtC
MANNER OF JOINING CONSONANT STEMS.
13. When two or more stems are used in the outline of a word,
they are written without lifting the pen; the next beginning where the
preceding one ends. Illustration :'
v_ ^.,
p k^ n t, rm I, b lit, r r, k k, mm, m n.
14. Rule I. — The Jirst downward stem of a consonant outline
must end on the line of writing. Illustration:
^ -H. ^ \. ^ I
^ /. f "v, ch k, p p, n I, d i.
15. Rule II. — T\\^ first upward sitvn. of a consonant outline must
begin on the line of writing. Illustration:
,^. cC.. /:r'.. -Z!. a/
r k, II, h n, sh /, m r.
16. Join the following stems without making an angle:
c:. v_- C C s_ I .CN
I
Ik, pn^ thn. In, vg^ d f, I r,
.Q .0.. . ^ o>. \^. U...
/ s, m s, m n, m ng-, b ng, t n, r sh.
17. Always make an angle between the following stpmc-
^. .^..... "
f n, V ng, I m,
18. Curve Em a little more before Ka and a little less before
Te, in order to secure sharper angles; thus: /''~V__ m k, \ m i.
Practise on the foregoing outlines until they can be written readily
and neatly.
. Read carefully and with patience, the Exercise on the following
page, pronouncing aloud, first the name^ and then the sound of each
stem. Illustration:
NAMES. SOUNDS.
X^^-v, Pe-Em p m, sounding the p as in ape, leaving oi
the a; m as in me, leaving off e.
NoTB. — ^For pr%ctu« •• this exercise see page 3 of " Phonographic Copy-BooW
OF PHONOGRAPHY.
19.— READING EXERCISE.
,bby,
tidy, tag; daisy, duly, door, dame, deny; check, China, cherry;
Johnny, gem, jury, Jehu* keep, Cady, cage, coffee; Goth, Gus-
sie, gush, gaily
d. Fish, fame; vale, valley, veer, vary; theme, thorough;
sewer; zeal; sham, shallow.
c. Lehigh, lodge, Lena, lung, league, love, lobby, Lizzie, Laura,
Alma; arm, ark, early, Aurora; rock, review, rib, rich, ridge, rash,
rely, wreath, renew, rear.
d. Make, mug, meadow, map, move, mail, Mary, maim, money,
among, Mayhew; nap, into, inch, nag, enough, knoweth.^ noisy,
Nash, nail, narrow, anyway, N. Y. (En-Va), N. H. (En-Hah).
e. Await, awoke. Oyer, Yahoo; holy, Harry, honey, ha-ha.
Note.— Practise on pages 4 and 5 of '* Scott- Browne'* Phonographic Copy-Book."
SCOTT-BROIVNE'S TEXT-BOOK
VOWELS AND VOWELIZATION,
liE S SON II.
POSITIV AND RELATIV VALUES.
1. The sound for which any sign or letter stands is called
value or power of that sign or letter ; and if that si^ n or letter never
stands for any other value or power — never changes its value, but
always keeps the same — that value is termed fixed, or positiv, or
absolute, — all three of these words being in use to express the same
idea. It has been observed in the foregoing lesson that the values
of the fonografik (phonographic) consonant-signs are positiv, fixed,
unchanging; that is, p is always p, and d always d, wherever they are
written, and never stand for the sound of _/" or / or any other value
than each its own.
2. But in this lesson it will be noticed that the values of the
simple vowel signs are not positiv, but are dependent upon their rela-
tion to the consonant stem for their values. To illustrate : A heavy dot
written opposit the beginning of a stem thus, I , is called e, but if
this same dot is moved down opposit the middle of the stem, thus,
•| , it is called a, and if moved again down opposit the end of the
stem, thus, ,| , it is called ah; thus forming a short scale of three
sounds, ) as the tongue can allow and preserve x\\q form of I (in //).
8
SCOTT-BROWNE'S
TEXT-BOOK
II.— EXERCISE ON LONG VOWELS.
DOTS. DASHES.
BEGINNING. MIDDLE. END. BEGINNING. MIDDLE.
BND.
'.... 1"".!'"':.. ;i'"^''^:..Up.a.e.
. 1
"i"*Pl^^«-i 2nd place.
•• •■ 1
^: 3rd place.
w-/
a
ah
a-lms
a-W
c-*-ld
CO
=. r... _.....
• .. —
-
1-
..L
Tc
ta
tab
taw
toe
too
3. .....
-V- -
.. , ,
...
1
. .
Key
kay
kah
caw
coe
coo
4. y^, „„
^
. <^
....<-.
X.
/v
5. !.,....„.
>.
),
,1
....)-
.).
6.. OS
^'^ -.
.. .-Ok
f^
/rr>....
■■'^,
7. C„_„...
(1.....
...c
...C
...^...
./I
8.. 1
.1
-
...-I
..J
Eat
ate
aht
awt
oat
oot
9- •— ._
•
I
1 .
! .
Eke
ache
ahk
awk
oak
ook
lO. <_y
....v^.
...-^ ...
.O
. . ..Vs^i
\
v_>'....
.1,. ^
.r...
•
...c
.~:^ ...
. J'.......
y
...r..
::>.
»....S\
..Th...
?>
OF PHONOGRAPHY.
12. Rule III. — Vowels that are read before a consonant are writ-
ten to the left of vertical and inclined stems, the same as they would
be in longhand, and above horizontal stems, the same as an upper line
of writing reads before a lower line. Illustration:
•\
. -1
v -( ...•)..
. .) ...
.... .r...
. .r„
ope.
aid.
eve, oath, ace.
ooze.
eel.
awl.
^
•
a 1
<-N ..
.. ^^ ...
^^ ...
ore.
eke,
ache, oak.
aim.
e'en.
own.
13. Rule IV. — Vowels that are read a//^ ..
.. ^^
key.
coo.
^^y.
may.
ma.
kme.
neigh.
gnaw.
know.
14. In naming the letters, or signs, of fonografik (phonographic)
words, be careful to get the exact sound for each sign, and, after
spelling the words by their correct sounds, be doubly careful to pro-
nounce them exactly as they were spelled, Illustration:
L
A
a-p, ape, and not dp;
t-a-m, tame, and not tdm;
d-o-m, dome, and not ddmf
t-a-k, take, not tack;
b-a-k, bake, not back;
r-a-t, rate, not rat.
In this way, carefully spell, both by sound and name of each sign,
and pronounce, correctly, the fonografik words on page 11.
10 SCOTT.BROWNSrS TEXT-BOOK
15. Do not allow the common, printed spelling to mislead when
spelling a word in fonografy. Illustration:
Ache, d-k^ and not a-se-aitch-e :
coo, k-5d^ and not se-double-o;
thaw, Ith-aw, not te-aitch-a-doubleyou;
eel, ^-/, not double-e-l;
talk, t-aw-k, not t-a-el-k;
though, The-Oy not t-aitch-o-you-jemaitch;
gale, Ga-a-l, not je-a-l-e;
shawl, Ish-aw-l^ not Es-aitch-a-doubleyou-l;
rouge, Ra-oo-Zhe, not ar-o-you-je-e.
cage, ,^-a-^', not se-a-je e.
16. Write no more signs in a word >than there are sounds heard
In its pronunciation. Silent letters seen in printed words are never
represented in fonografy. Illustration: Know, «- ' \
17. Before writing a word in fonografy pronounce it slowly and
then sound all the elements separately, heard in the slow pronunciation,
in order to determine the exact sounds, and the correct n^ns to be
written. Illustration:
Word. Slow pronuH- Separate Names of conso- Stem out- Name 0/ each FuU^
ciation. sounds.
Zero, zero, z-e-r-o.
Dado, dado, d-a-d-o.
Cocoa, c o c oa, k-o-k-o.
Delay, d e 1 ay, d-e-l-a,
.■■)
Note.— Remember that the pen must not be lifted till all the consonant items of an
outline are written, after which the vowel signs are placed.
\nt stems.
line.
sound.
xvord
Ze-Ra
V
Ze-e-Ra-o
y.
De-De
De-a-De-o
Ka-o-Ka-o
-
Ka-Ka
1 1
De-La
k
De-e-La-a
k
OF PHONOGRAPHY. \\
18.--READING EXERCISE
ON LONG VOWELS.
1st Place Vowels,
.3..Fr r... !;:>.. l^ l^....<^.. Zi .^-\....r^.<^
2ud Place Vowels.
\A I-.... /..._^- -( . >. r .3 . ^ ->: ^
t. |. i^ A -A -7. T.__ ,
x\ XLA/V /^. x- X" ^...R .^
12
L
s
/^ vW". ^v. Y v^ .>.j^ <^^ A
^rd Place Vowels.
■3.\. \. _ y X^ ov. ^- c /'
.( -;^ ^ ' ^
13 SCO TT-BRO WIFE'S TEXT-BOOK
I9.^-W111TING_ EXERCISE /
ON THE LONG VOWELS.
Pea, pa, paw, Po, poo, ape, ope, bay, baa, bow, obey, eat, ate
oat, tea, aid, ode, day, dough, age, Jo, eke, ache, oak, key, coo,
gay, fee, fay, foe, eve. oath, thaw, sou, ace, ooze. Shah, sha\v, show,
shoe, lee, lay, lo. eel, ale, awl, aim, ma, knee, gnaw, woe, woo. yuh,
yo, haw, hoe, hah. *
Peep, pope, peach, poach, peak, poke, opaque, Peko, peal,
pail, pale, Paul, pole, babe, beat, beet, bait, boat, beach, beak,
bake, bail, ball, bowl, below, beam, tape, teach, teeth, tail,
tall, toll, team, tame, deep, \^daub, dado, dale, idole, delay,
deem, dame, dome, cheap, cheat, Choate, cheek, cljalk, choke,
Job, joke, jail, keep, cape, cope, coach, cage, cakej coke, keel.
coal, comb, gale, goal, game, feed, fade, Fecjee, faith, famt^
foam, veto, evoke, vague, vogue, thief, thieve, theme, sheep, shape,
v§h5ik, shake, zeal, leap, lobe, load, leach, liege, leak, lake, leaf,
loaf, leave, loathe, leal, lame, leeway, mope, meek, meal,
male, mail, mole, maim, knave, 'neath, name, heap, heat, hate,
heed, hoed, heath, halo, ho-ho, ha-ha. .
Write Bi{iox r in the following Words, because it
lable:
Ray, raw, rOw, reap, rope, robe, rate, wrought, wrote, rcrd,
raid, roa^. rowed, reach, rage, wreak, rake, rogue, wreath,
wreathe, rell|[^ ream, roam, Rome, rear, roar, Reno, ze^ro, Ntnj
hero.
roa^. rowed,
ithe, rellk ream
Writefli^ for r in the following words, bocausft
lable:
Ore, oar, pier, iSeer, pour, bier, bore, tgai iuk , ut-^
chore, jeer, fear, -four, veer, shear, shoi-e, leer, lrr«
Write^/ (^.lownward) for i in the followinp words, bee
final and preceded by either /, v or the upwaid r, in whi^
must be written downward:
Fail, foal, veal, vale. t%t\.
Write Sha and\Zrt (both upward) for sh and / in the .
words, because th/y. make the best joining:
Shawl, shoal/shield, leash.
N
OP" PHOJ^OGRAPHY.
18
LS SSON III
SHORT VOWELS.
I. The six short vowels, classed together, are heard in the fo^^
lowing syllables: ^^P^
d{\) «(t) Mt)
i
•i
»j
:
-|
i
jr
i
-;- beck^ ^-^ dome^ [A\ dumb, etc., when in
careless or rapid writing the size of the vowel was not accurate.
5.-
-READING
EXERCISE
ON
SHORT VOWELS.
r. "1..
• et
. at
ot
ut
_ oot
A •
U\\
fiat
on
pxp's
ioot.
St Place Vowels,
V
4.^ H' r-v^ ^ ^ <-r ^ C_ ^
2nd Ftace Vtwtt!.
'•\ I z:^ -)
<>■ A ^ (1^ / A A ^ ^ ,
.0. V v^ Sd. (x /-" /x q- w^
k
\r
■r
OF PHONOGRAPHY. \K
^rd Place Vowels,
... .1 ^ ;> v^ v^ V \
.4. G r
6.— WRITING EXERCISE
ON SHORT VOWELS.
Ebb, abby, odd, eddy, add, itch, etch, edge, echo, ^^g, ash, ill.
ell, Ella, alley, Emma, Anna, pity, petty, patty, putty, pod, pitch,
patch, pick, peck, pack. Puck, pig, pygmy, peg, pug," pith,
pussy, push, pill, pull, pully, pink, batch, badge, budge, back, book,
big, beg, bag, bog, bug, buggy, bevy, busy, bush, bushy, bijou, bill,
billow, bell, ball6t (ballay), bung, tip, tap, top, tub, attach, touch,
tick, tack, attack, tuck, attic, tag, tug, taffy, tally, tarry, Tenney
tung, tank, dip, ditty, oddity, dig, dog, dug, death, doth, dell, dull,
dally, doll, dim, dumb, ding, dong, chip, chap, chop, chat, chick,
check, chill, chilly, chimney, chink, jib, job, jet, jut, Judd, judge,
Jack, jockey, jig, jag, jog, jug, gill, jelly, jolly, gem, Jennie,
Johnnie, Kipp, cab, cob, cub, Kitty, catch, cudgel, Cudjo, kick, cook,
keg. cog, coffee, caf6, kith, cash, calla, callow, king, kink, gig, gag,
Goth, gush, galley, gull, gully, gum, guinea, gang, gong, fob, fitch,
fetch, fudge, fag, fog, foggy, fellow, fallow, follow, Fanny, funny,
fang, valley, volley, vim, thatch, thick, thicket, thumb, thong, zinc,
ship, shop, shabby, shadow, shock, shook, shaggy, sham, shank,
lip, lap, lop, elbow, Libby, lobby, lad, laddie, ledge, allege, lodge,
lick, lack, lock, locket, luck, lucky, look, live, love, lofty, loth, lilly,
loll, iall, limb, lamb, rally, map. mop, mob, Mattie, meadow, match,
mock, muck, mug, miff, muff, myth, moth, mash, mush, mashed,
mill, milk, mellow, mum, mummy, Minnie, Moony, many, monk,
nip, nap, knap, nib, knob, Netie, niche, notch, nudge, nick, neck,
knack, knock, nook, knag, nag gnash, unluckv, ninny, Nancy.
16 SCOTT-jBkOWNE'S TEXTS 00 fC.
APPLICATION OF R STKMS,
The rules governing the uses of upward and downward R can-
not be given till all the modifications of consonants have been
presented. Chapter XII. of Part II. Text-Book treats of the
r-stems in all their relations, the first part of which chapter would
be helpful for the student to examine in th's connection.
Observe the engravings thruout this book for the uses of upward
and downward r, as the correct employment of these stems will pre-
serve legibility in phonographic outlines.
Write Er, (downward r), in ending a syllable, thus' Ear, oar, o'er,
ark, peer, par, fore, poor, tear, tore, fear, Ehrich.
"Write Ra (upward r) when beginning a syllable, thus: (i.) Rock,
rug, rack, rig, rip, rap, rot, rut, rib, red, rich, wretch, rook,
ring, rim, rum, ram; (2) when terminating the consonant form of a
word and followed by a vowel, thus; Perry, Parry, bury, berry,
cherry, ferry, Ferric; (3) when followed by/, v, th, dh. s, z, /, d, ch or
J, thus: Roof, reeve, Orth, wreathe, urso, razee, art, arrayed, arch,
ridge; (4) when r immediately follows k, £■, m, th, or dh, thus: Corc-
geer, mar, theory, thoraic; (5) when r follows Ra or Hah, thus:
Rear, roar, Harry, hurry, hero.
application of the l stem.
The rules governing the uses of upward and downward L cannot
be given till all the modifications of consonant stems have been ex-
plained. Chapter XIII. of Part II. Text-Book trcatcs the /-stem
in all its relations, the sections of which chapter, referred to below,
could be examined to advantage in this connection.
The upward and downward /, unlike the upward and downward
r is not written in these ways so much for legibility as to favor speed
of writing. The only place where illegibility or conflict could occur
is where the fir -it and second rules (below) are violated.
Write, £/ (downward /) when preceded by a vowel and followed
by k, g, or VI, thus: (i). elk, alack, elect, Alleghany, alum, elm;
(2.) When final, and immediately following/, v, th, (" Ra and h, thus:
rill, hill (see section «, of page 66, Part II.); (3.) When preceded
by n or -ng, thus: Nellie, kingly, knell, (see section 3, page 65, Part
11.); (4.) When followed by the consonant stems ;, «, or //;, thus;
log, lag, leg, Ilion, Olney, lung, Lang, lank.
La (upward /) is used in all other cas.es; see sections 2, 4 and 6
of Part II., Chapter XIII., and when Part I. is finished and that
chapter reached in the study of Part II. it must be thoroly mastered.
nf'- PnOI^OGRAPHV.
IjESSON IV
EXTRA VOWELS '
AND THEIR SIGNS.
1. The vowels ? in her and d in dare are not classed in their
proper places with the other long vowels, partly on account of such
an arrangement breaking up the usual six-vowel order of long and
short vowels, and partly because some fonografik authors do not pro-
vide for their representation, but use as substitutes either the second
place light dot / for the sound of e in her and i in sir or the light dash
ii for u in cur, and the second place heavy dot a for the vowel in dare.
It is much better that these distinct sounds have distinct signs of their
own, and this book provides proper representation for them as fol-
lows:
2. A light dash written in second place^ parallel w ith the stem
for the vowel in her, sir, etc., and in third place ^ parallel with the
stem, for the vowel in dare. Illustration: ^ err \~ Goethe
(Ge(r)tuh), rt air,- V/ fairy,
3. The vowel in ask, past, alas, etc., is the true short mate of
the vowel in far, the correct sign for which is the third place light dot
used also to represent the sharper vowel heard in rat, which is the
short mate of the vowel heard in air, dare, etc. On account of the
similarity of these two vowels it is not necessary, for reporting pur-
poses, to have two distinct signs. Should a distinct sign be required,
in order to teach exact pronunciation, the light third place parallel
dash can be used to represent the short vowel in rat, and the same
sign made heavy to represent the long vowel in dare,
4. The vowel heard in cur, work, journey, etc., is more of a
guttura than the one heard in earnest, mercy, girl, etc., and is repre-
sented by the second place light dash, as in cup.
5.— READING EXERCISE
ON EXTRA VOWELS.
.'•.vi.A -v^. -^ .>:. -^ .:\_.
^■'^■^•^^ss
^ L' ^....Clr-J
18 ^CO TT.BR O WtriPS TBXt.BOOK
6.— WRITING EXERCISE.
ON EXTRA VOWELS.
Goethe, Percy, (^a for r), mercy.
Write ^ for r in the following words:
Herb, herbage, herbal, earl, early, er^o, air, airy, pair, pare,
pear, bear, bare, barely, tare, dare, Adair, fare, fair, affair, lair.
Write Ra for r in the following wo?*ds: Faljy, Thayer, rare, mare ,
rarer (three lengths of Rd), thus; ^^...-^^'■^'^
Fair day. Percy came early. Poor, cheap fare. Rare, early pear.
PUNCTUATION, CAPITALS, LrlPHASIS.
I. — Th'^ punctuation marks used in fonografic writing are:
..Period — Used at the end of
complete sentences.
• . Dash — Used in a break of
sentences.
..Parenthesis — Used to en-
close parenthetical remarks.
U
I Bracket — Used to enclose re-
J marks by reporter or editor.
Hyphen — Used to indicate
compound words.
..Emphasis— Used to indicate
emphatic words and sen-
tences.
Capitalizer — Used to denote
— capitalization or name, and
fthe words equal to.
...••..Pleasantry OR Laughter —
Used to denote mirthful
Q feeling.
X Interrogation — Used to de-
I note a question.
K Exclamation — Used to indi
cate feeling, pathos, won-
der or surprise.
All other punctuation marks used in writing and printing must
be supplied in the transcripts made of one's shorthand notes.
2. — Capital letters are indicated thus:
' E, , O, Y^ N. Y., (f"^ Lima.
3. — In letter writing, or in memoranda, the vowel initials 01
names, if preferred, can be expressed by their signs written in the
correct vowel place by side of the cancelled Te stem, thus:
IE.-T0.
4. — To indicate emphasis in print, words are set in italic letters.
To indicate emphasis in Jonghand writing, words are underscored by
a straight, horizontal line. To indicate emphasis in fo:iografic writ-
ing, words are urler^cored by a waved line. Illuscratiou:
3eH ^meUf^ r^/\
OF PHONOGRAPHY. i9
DIFTHONC
LESSON V.
;S, OR COMPOUND VOWELS.
1.
i
oi ow ew
My
b '^ <
i
oi ow ev
\k ow
2. The difthong signs are derived from the letter \(^ , or in-
clined cross, thus:
i
ow
Observe that in writing these signs, the angle should be made
sharper than is shown in the cross.
3. The difthong signs possess fixed values, and are written in
the most convenient place, — usually the i/ii rd p\a.ce.
4. The difthong following r, as in rude, rumor, rule, etc., is not
so sharp as that heard in pure, cure, beauty, etc., but the same sign is
used to represent both.
5. Initial difthongs should be written first, and, if convenient,
joined to the following stem. Illustration: I. Ida, V. ivy, j ice.
6.—READING EXERCISE
ON DIFTHONGS.
■•\v L ^ _„ w (v )v :>■ "^ J
-■vr '^ ^' vv V ,^ u b _x v
4.\> u/_^> r> ^ v^ ^ ^
^ SCOTT.BROIVNIPS TEXT-BOOK
^ 7.--WRITING EXERCISE
ON DIFTHONGS.
Pie, tie, Ida, Ike, Guy, fie, vie, ivy, thigh, sigh, ice, eyes, shy,
lie, lye, ally, nigh, high, isle, aisle, pipe, pike, pile, abide, byway,
tidy, tithe, time, tiny, dike, dime, idol, chime, China, jibe, kite,
chyle, chyme, guide, guile, Fido, five, shiny, like, life, alive, lime,
imbibe, nwghty, mile, knife, hypo, height, hide.
Boy, boil, toy, toil, joy, coy, coil, Voy, avoid, alloy, oil, annoy,
noisy, ahoy.
Bow, Dow, cow, vow, row, owl, owlish {ow-La-Sha), chow-chow,
couch, gouge, fowl, foul, avowed, vouch, loud, mouth.
Pew, dew, adieu, due, chew, Jew, cue, thew. Sue, lieu, hew, hue,
Hugh, huge, beauty, duty, dupe, duke, eschew, juror, juicy, July,
Jehu, cube, imbue, mule.
Write ^ for -r in the following words: Ire, pyre, attire, dire,
gyre {Ja-Er), fire, lyre, tire, Irish {i^-Rr-U}^), toiler, lure, allure
Write ^ for r in the following words: Rye, wry, ripe, right,
rite, write, Wright, arrive, writhe, irate, aright, mire, roy, roil {Ra-
El), roilly (A'a-La), rout, rowdy, rue, pursue, bureau, jury, fury,
furore, rude, review.
Write El iox I in the following words: File, Nile, foil, roil,
Hoy.e. fowl, foul.
OF PHONO GRAPHY. 21
LBSSON VI
JOINED VOWML-TICKS.
I. A vowel (belonging either to the dot or dash class), following
a difthong, is more quickly and conveniently represented by a small
tick joined to the difthong sign, and written in the direction of TV
on oi and e-w^ and of Ka on i and ow, 7^
2.— READING EXERCISE
ON JOINED VOWEL TICKS.
..4 ^- ■> S Y V^ \^ W kr- ^
?■
^- ^ j:/ u ^ v^ Ki ^ -^, AT ^
3.— WRITING EXERCISE
ON JOINED VOWEL TICKS.
Iota, Iowa, lona, piety, pious, bias, Tioga, diet, dial, Viola,
scion, Zion, boyish, coyish, voyage, towel, dewy, Dewey, JewciS,
duel, dual, jewel, Jewish, Shuey, annuity.
Write Er for r in the following words: Dyer, power, tower,
dower, shower, jeweler, fewer, sewer, newer.
Write Ra for r in the following words: Diary, fiery, r^ot, Ryan,
miry, higher, royal {Ra-^ royally {Ra-La), cower, Roweli V'^-^f'^^
jewelry, ruin, renewal (^/stem), hewer.
Write £/ for / in the following words: Vial, viol, lion.^royal,
vowel, Roweli. Howell, fuel, Newell, renewal.
SCOTT-BROWNKS TEXT- BOOK
CIRCLES AND LOOPS,
LESSON VII.
BRIEF ADDITIONAL SIGNS FOR S AND Z.
1. The frequently occurring sounds of s and z are, in a large
class of words, represented by a small circle, o , named Is or Iz, used
at the beginning of stems, between stems, and at the end of stems,
thus securing convenience in joining, brevity of outline, and greater
ease and rapidity in writing.
2. The circle is joined to straight stems by a leftward motion
of the pen, moving in three distinct directions, as shown in this little
square joined initially to the Pe stem, \ , while a fourth direction
forms the stem.
3. The circle is always written on the concave side of a curve
thus: \_
4. In joining the circle to any stem, either initially or finally,
let the first and last movements be at right angles with the stem.
Illustration:
>0 \i b b 6 6 o-ii q_jo J J ^ cT
vjjVj) CC c)o) aVo/ b (^
passes, possess, teases, possessed, excessive, races.
17. The use of a double-sized circle to express the double sound
of s and z, allows the plural ending of words to be formed in analogy
with words in the singular number terminating with the small circle.
Illustration:
% \0 ^ _D ^ ^.
piece, pieces, case, cases, rose, roses'.
34 SCOTT-BROWNE'S TEXTBOOK
also the third person singular of such verbs as end with the small
circle is expressed with the large circle. Illustration:
I' 6 A ^...
toss^ tosseSt rise, rises.
See page 25, lines 12 and 13.
18. A third sound of j- following ses, sez, zez, is expressed by a
small circle on the back of the large circle. Illustration:
^ .No -lO oi^ J^..
possesses^ abscesses^ excesses, successes, recesses.
See page 25, line 14.
19. The vowel /, heard in sez, is never written; but if any ot\\t
vowel than / occurs between the s ox z sounds, it is written if legi-
bility requires it. Illustration:
-f -^ \5) \j)
exists exhaust, basis, bases^
See page 25, line 15.
Initial Z must be expressed by the stem. S( e line 16, page 25.
20.— READING EXERCISE
ON CIRCLES.
'■X A \ .r p r- fv / v^ <^- k tf^
5.\o V X V L" L- /• •/ _,.. A
6. [; f j,: _a_ _^ ^^ .^^ J--" ^ -i
:,V V- J- / ^ ■-\ vf /- A ci-'
OF PHONOGRAPHY. fQ
>
"A. ,V L- b I.... 6' ^ ^ ^ J>
n-A <^ "io ^ 1^ ^/v ■■"3 ai) .xP vX)^
I
.6>- )^ k .1^ H l^
21.— WRITING EXERCISE
ON CIRCLES.
Soap, soup, sips, saps, seat, stays, stows, stew, suit, sight, «5ty,
seed, said, sad, sawed, sowed, soda, suds, seeds, sage, sages, seige,
sedge, sausages, seek, sake, sick, sacks, success, successes, Sussex,
sag, sago, safe, sofa, save, seive, sythe, size, sizes, seize, seizes,
sash, sashes, seal, seals, sails, sale, solo, sorry, sorrows, sore, sere,
sour, sire, sir, Sam, seam, sum, psalm, sin, son, sun, sane, sig^n,
sneeze, snows, sing, sang, sung, sway, sways, Swiss, Soho, Sahara.
Pass, piece, peace, passes, pieces, pace, paces, pause, pauses
posses, possesses, base, bays, boys, abase, abases, abuse, abscesS,
abscesses, tease, teases, days, dose, doze, dozes, disease, diseases,
cheese, cheeses, chase, chews, etches, ages, joys, Jews, juice, rejoice,
rejoices, kiss, kisses, Cass, Cass's, case, cases, oaks, aches, echoes,
ox, ax, axfis, axis, axCs, excess, excesses, excuse, excuses, exercise,
exercises, exercised, guess, guesses, gaze, geese, goose, gas, gases,
gauze, Guy's, face, faces, vase, vases, vice, vices, voice, voices
20 SCOTT-BROWNE'S TBXT-BOOK
rows, views, reviews, thighs, oaths, shows, shoes, ashes, lace, laces
loose, looses, lose, loses, lease, allays, alleys, Ellis, Alice, raise, (ifti
for r) raises, race, races, recess, recesses, rise; arise, (^ for r) arises,
arouse, arouses, erase, erases, ears, oars, errs, airs, miss, misses,
muss, aims, noise, annoys, noises, nose, niece, nice, ounce, ounces,
woes, woos, yeas, hose, haze, hiss, hisses, house, houses, hews,
hues, Hughes, hies, Hayes, pushes, bushes, tushes (upward stem, Sha^
iox sh following TV, Z^lf, Ef, La^ Ra, ana JTaK), dishes, dashes, fishes,
lashes, luscious, rushes, hushes, possessed, pp^ify, passive, passeth,
pestle (/>-j-/), puzzle, poison, obesity, beset, -^sides, beseech, basks,
abusive, bustle {Jt-s-l), baser, besom, business, basin, baseness, ab-
sence, upset, tasty, outside, task, tassel, teasel, desk, dusk, dusky,
dusty, decides, decisive, diseased/ docile (either upward or downard /),
desire, desirous, disrobe, dislike, dispels, disloyal, dozen, Chesapeake,
chosen, chisel, Jason, jostle, cusp, cask, cassock, excessive, chasm,
cosmos, cousin. Casino, castle {k-s-l), Castile {k-s-t-l), gasp, gossip,
gusto, guzzle, fiasco, fizzle (^/ stem), fosil, vessel, vassal, visage,
thistle {El stem), li^, receive {r-s-v), misty, mask, listen {Ei stem)
lessen, lesson, loosen, reason, risen, rosin, resume remiss, missile,
muzzle, music, musk, mosque, mistletoe {m-z-l), mouser {Ha stem),
miser, misery, honesty, nasty, necessity, necessary, nestle, nozzle,
insist, resist, subsist, desist, system, scissors, saucer, season, Susan,
schism, Sicily, successive, unsafe, unseen, Owasco, anxiety, anxious
{Ing-Ish-Is), hasty, hastily, husk, hassock, husky, hustle {La stem),
hasten, Hosannah, hussar {Ra stem^
SHORT SENTENCES.
Miss Dewey's roses. Laura's peaches. Olive's niosses. Leave
Johnny's books. Naughty Darius Howe chews gum. Kuiie
loves nice, rich coffee. Miss Lillie Snow ale savory soup
Choose right ways. Resist laziness. Lizzie eats ripe, juicy pears.
Maurice's slow co?.i2i. Sadie's ice houses. Newell Dyer's sons rise
early. Viola passas Jennie's house. Sadie supposes wrongs. Lucy
loves Johnny. , Susan rose sad. Lizzie sings Katie's merry song.
Johnny's cows'.eat husks. Dogs chase cows. MoUic hates snow.
Chicago's chime-bells ring merry music. Tommy's owl eats mice
Honesty satisfies reason. Boys lea^) slow. Lena luves raun
days. Seek happiness.
OF PHONOGRAPHY. 27
LESSON VIII
LOOPS FOR ST AND STR.
1. A small loop written initially on stems expresses initial st
sounds; written finally, expresses ^«a/ f/ or « guest or guessed, /r^
mist or missed, O? honest, ^^ abused, —^ gazed, ^f^ aroused, ^s
housed. See lines 1-3 below.
2. A large final loop on stems expresses str. Illustration:
\i. pastor, ^~ toaster, vb" faster, r^ Lester, 0' yester. See
line 4 below.
3. A circle in written on the back of loops to express s ox z fol-
lowing st or r/n Illustration: «* posts, ^ posters. See line 5
below.
4. The loops can be used in the middle of words provided, at
the point of junction, the stems do not cross each other. If the stems
cross, the loop is reduced to the value of the s circle. Illustration:
\^ destiny, b>^ testify, Ol yesterday. See line 6 below.
5.~READING EXERCISE
ON ST AND STR LOOP.
\
.•f . . -f' / ^ t^ i^ . "^
>-
- X ,
... \
i- l< . / . ^ w r... r:_ .
3-^..
A
--.^ r» . <^ia ...S^ ..V? ..."^ ^
^
.4..^
.. t)-.
- 5- -^ ^ f? J^s ^ ko
J?
5-^..
..^
i .. t- ^. -r . r... A is' . ^
^
.^-4
1
■^ h .h..:^../]r- ,r^
4
28
SCOTT.BROWNRS TBXT-BOOK
6.— WRITING EXERCISE
ON ST AND STR LOOPS.
Steep, step, stop, stoop, stab, stub, stale, stout, steady, study,
stitch, stage, steak, stake, stick, stack, stalk, stocky^ stuck, stucco,
stag, stiff, stuff, staff, stave, stove, Stacy, steal, steel, s^ale, stall
stole, stool, still, stilly, Stella, style^ steer, star, store, stairry, stdry,
steam, stem, stony, sting, stung. : ;
Pieced, paste, paced, pest, pester, past, passed, post^, posters,
beasts, baste, boasts, boaster, boost, bust, busts, abased, abused,
teased, taste, toast, toaster, tests, attest, dost, dust, dusters; adduced,
doused, chaste, chased, chests, Chester's, jests, joist, cased, kissed,
cast, castor, coast, coaster, costs, Custer's, gazed, guests, guessed,
ghosts, aghast^^feasts, faced, fist, fast, faster, fussed, Foster, veist,
vast, vaster, least, laced, list, lest, Lester's, last, lusterl loosed,
erased, erst, arrest, aroused, raced, rpast, roaster, wrist iustl roused,
roosts, roosters, mists, missed, asts, n|asters, amdssed, jamused,
most, musters, nests, Nast, honest, Nestor, songster, song-
sters, waste, waists. West, Wistar, Worcester (Wooster), yeast,
yester.
Artist {Ra for r), artists, reduced, richest, rejoiced, refused, re-
used, upraised, ballast, tallest, utmost, teamster, dullest, coolest,
calmest, mildest, forests, forester, fensed, evinced, announced.
7. — SHORT SENTENCES.
Lester likes rest. Teamster Post chased Chester West. Wislar's
stomache s'uff. Worcester's best yeast. Coolest, dullest, tallest for-
ester. Songsters sing artistic music, announced. Stella's music kissed
starry luster in stilly eve. Jack's master testifies last. Costly stove
paste. Jesters master songsters. Teamsters waste costly dusters.
Artistic songsters master music. Hester testifies lest ministers
sophistry master reason.
%.
OF PHONOGRAPHY. 29
SEMICIRCLES AND HOOK
LESSON IX.
BRIEF SIGNS FOR WA AND YA,
SEMICIRCLES,
< WS, 5 Wu, u Ye, « YH.
1. Small semicircles for w and ^ are employed in a large class
of words, adding geatly to legibility, and facilitating ease and speed
of writing. Illustration:
•\ ^. -1 ; ^..j ^ .j.^....^.
weep, web, waits, watch, walks, yacht, yokes, unyoke, yellow.
2. The small circle is conveniently written within JV/ a-nd Wu
signs to express sw in certain words. Illustration:
\ ..:r i_ o %j.
sweePf sweet, swig, swings, suavity.
WA HOOK ON LA, RA, EM, UN.
3. Brief Wa is joined to La, Ra, Em, and Un, as a hook. Illus-
tration: 6 7vail, <^ wore, er^ went, ^j^^ wen. See next page, lines 6-7.
4. The circle for initial s is written on the Wa hook of Ra, but
never on the hooks of La, Em, and Un — the circle and Wa stem
being used for sw preceding these three stems. Illustration: ©^ swore,
°^^ swells. See next page, line 8.
YI, YOI, vow. .
5. The trifthongs 7?, yoi, yow, are expressed by brief Ya joined
to the difthong signs. Illustration:
/^. „.,..c:>
genii, Honeoye, meow.
Note {a). — In joining WU to Pe, Be, Ka, Ga, and Ing, observe
'hat the motions of the pen are similar to those made in forming '<•.
plain figure 2.
{b).—\x\. joining Wi to TV, De, Cha, Ja, and Ish, observe that
the motions of the pen are like those made in forming a figure 9,
while Ye is joined to TV, De, and Ith, by a motion similar to th?' in
forming a figure 7.
C
SCOTT-BROWNE'S TEXTBOOK
6.— READING EXERCISE
ON BRIEF WA AND YA SIGNS.
..k A. t :! 1 •].. 1- a- ; /..
\^
6..r .f r .c ^ a f ^K
7.— WRITING EXERCISE
ON BRIEF WA AND YA SIGNS.
Wipe, web, Webster, witty, wittily, wet, wettest, wait, witticism,
weeds, wade, wades, widows, widest, witch, bewitch, watch, wage,
wedge, weak, wake, walk, woke, wicks, wax, waxes, waxed, wigs,
wife, waif, woof, weave, weaves, wives, withe, wash, wing, wings.
Sweep, swop, swoop, swab, sweet, sweeter, sweetest, sweetly,
sweat, Swede, swayed, switch, swig, suave, suavity, swath, swathe,
swash, swing, swung, assuage, assuages, unswayed, unswathe,
Zouave.
Weal, wall, wall, wallow, wool, wooly, Wallace, Willis, Wells,
willow, welcome, wellfare, wealth, unwell, unwieldy, unwelcome,
wealthy, Willoughby, war, wore, weary, wary, worry, wear, ware,
wares, beware, worse, worst, worth, worthless, worthy, unworthy,
warm, worm, wormwood, swore, swear, swears, soir6e, swarm,
swarms, swarthy, wammel, wem, wean, wane, win, wins, winnow,
wen, wan, won, wanes, wince, winces, winced, windy, window.
OF PHONOGRAPHY. ^\
queen, queenly, quince, quinces, equinox, twine, twines, entwine,
twin, twins, twain, twinge, twinges, piquancy, twirl, queer, qualm,
wigwam, quincy, quench, quinzy, quantum, Dwinnell, query,
quarry, Edwin.
Yacht, yoke, unyoke, yak, youth, Uriah, Yulee, Yale, yell,
yellow, yellowish, (upward stem for j//), yawl, yelp, yelk, yore,
{Er stem), yarrow, {^Ra stem), yam, yon, yawns, Eunice, uinique,
unity, young, y( ungster, yank.
Genii, Honeoye, meow.
8. — SHORT SENTENCES.
Willie Wallace works. Willie Woods sings sweetly. Eunice
waxes warm. Young Yulee's yacht. Worthy's young wife. Win-
nie's weak kitty '* meows " Wednesday. Yellow dogs wag yellow
tails. Wet dogs yelp. Willis sweeps. Edwin's wife walks Wednes-
day. Wage war young swells, unworthy youths. Willie's bees
swarm warm windy wet days. Swing young wives sweetly. Dis-
suade Webster's unwelcome youngster. Welcome wealth, worthy
youths.
SCOTT-BROWNKS TEXT-BOOK
LESSON
BRIEF WA AND YA SIGNS DISJOINED.
1. The semicircles for the coalescents, W{po) Yi/) cannot be con-
veniently joined between stems or at the end of stems, in a large
class of words — especially words containing the y{e) element — and
are, therefore, disjoined and written in the vowel places, taking the
order of vowel sounds and made heavy when in the place of long
vowels and light when in the place of short ones.
2. Tabular view of brief Wa and Ya in vowel places:
WA SSRIBS.
Long.
Short.
c we
in
week
c wl
in
wit
< wa
••
wake
c we
»
wet
c wa
«
■waft
c wa
wa
in
wall 1
D MO
in
wot
•> wo
woo
H
wooed
TA SB
o woo
RIBS.
M
wool
Long.
^
Shoi-t.
|w ye
in
year 1
uyl
in
yit
w ya
•t
yale
u ye
••
yet
u ya
M
yard 1
u ya
M
yalc
A ya
In
yawn
n yo
in
yon
f, yo
ii
yoke
r. yu
Owen, "^ oasis — using <" Wi, because it represents w with a
^ h y V
It will be seen that the joined signs are more readily and quickly
made, for the following reasons: The student does not have to think
of the particular place by the side of the consonant stem in which to
write the sign of the second vowel, and does not have to lose time in
pen-liftings or in going back to place the vowel to a downward stem,
as in the words poet, towage, etc. Besides, it enables the vowels to
be read in their proper order, forward or downward, instead of back-
ward or upward, as in the words bowie, towage, etc., where the sepa-
rate signs are written.
10. The concurrent vowels in deity, deist, etc., can be quickly
and legibly expressed by a single sign, thus: V deity, I deist,
\ theist, etc., instead of thus: I \ etc.
11. Concurrent vowels having any other than e, i, y, 00, o, w,
for the initial vowel must be expressed by separate signs, thus:
\ payee. )l Isaiah, C*\ or r'l laity, * I or *l gayety,
^ rawish.
12.— READING EXERCISE
ON BRIEF WA AND YA DISJOINED.
Nf or V N^ or X-s \ H orN-. X> .. H b
(L.. h ii f a ^ O..^" ,^...
X.... k. Jr.. V ^. C.
36 SCO 1 T.BROWNE'S TEXT-BOOK
/?: i/. t! W: )■ ^...>~ -Y ,^^
or.^^. ^^ "'t K ^ ." r^
whip, wheat, whack, whiff, whale, whir, whine, whim.
3.— READING EXERCISE
ON ASPIRATE TICK.
^ ^ ^ '^ ^ ^- V
4.— WRITING EXERCISE
ON ASPIRATE TICK.
Hymn, hem, ham, hum, hemal, Hummel, homely, homeliness,
homeless, homelike, homicide, homo, homily, hominy, humility,
hammock, harm, harmless, harmonyj harmonize.
Whey, whoa, whiz, whizzes, whist, whisker, whizzed, whistle,
whistler, whisk, whiskey, whiskers.
Whip, Whipple, whop, whopper, wheat, Whateley, Whitelaw,
whittle, Whitch^r, whack, whacks, whig, whiff, whang.
Whale, whaler. Wheeling, whir, whirs, whirl, whirligig, wharl,
wherry, wharf, wharves, whim, whimsical, whine
tQ SCO TT -BR O WNKS TEXT-BOOK
ABBREVIATIONS AND POSITION,
LESSON XII.
ABBREVIATIONS.
1. There are certain words of common, frequent use, that, fo-
the sake of greater speed in writing, are abbreviated in their fono-
grafic representation, the same as words are abbreviated in common
print; that is, expressed by one, two, or more of their letters or
signs, instead of all. About two-thirds of these abbreviations are
complete in their consonant representation — the vowels only being
omitted; and although the advanced fonografer never writes the
vowels in any ^ord, except when absolutely necessary, these special
words — with vowels, only, omitted — are placed in the list of abbrevia-
tions, because they are never to be vowelized but learned as the
special, fixed signs for those words; while the words not in the list of
abbreviations are vowelized or not, as the writer finds necessary.
2. Some words are abbreviated by omitting the consonants,
retaining only the vowel, while other words, still, are represented by
brief signs such as the circle, loops, half-circles, etc.
VOWEL RULE OF POSITION,
3. Before giving a list of abbreviations it will be necessary to
explain what is termed "The vowel rule of position." It is already
well understood that there are three places by the side of a consonant
stem for vowels. Corresponding to these three vowel places are
three stem or outiine positions governed by the vowels: Words con-
taining a first place vowel to be written in first position — above the
line; words containing a second place vowel to be written in second
position — on the line; words containing a third place vowel to be
written in third position — thru or under the line.
4. The first position for upright and inclined stems is half the
height of a TV stem above the line; and for horizontals and brief signs,
about half-way between the lines of writing, according to the
vidth between the lines— writing a little below the centre on wide-
med paper.
5. The second position for all signs is on the line of writing.
6. The third position for upright and inclined stems \s thuovgh
( r across, the line; and for horizontals and brief signs, under the Tine.
OF PHONOGRAPHY.
89
7. It is a great aid to legibility to write, not only the greater
number of abbreviations, but also words of one syllable in the
position indicated by the vowel— or accented vowel, if a word contain
more than one.
8. Some of the abbreviations are not written according to the
"vowel rule of position."
{a). — This occurs where there are two or more words having the
same outline and containing vowels of the same class; they require
to be written in different positions to prevent conflict and confusion,
as well as hesitancy in reading. See signs for do and had, each and
which, if and for, etc.
{b). — Again, where there is but one word of a certain stem or out-
line, it is always written in second position, regardless of the vo^fcl
rule, because that position is the most natural, and favors ease and
speed of writing. See sign for yotir.
{c). — Where there are two words of the same outline and vowel
class, the most frequently-occurring one is given the second position.
See signs for each and which, ease and was, law and will, are and our,
no and own.
{d). — Where there are two words of the same outline, but differing
vowels, the most frequently occurring one takes the second position,
regardless of the vowel, and the other one the next position to it.
See which and much, think and thank.
9.— SIMPLE STEMS.— NO. i.
ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE FONOGRAFIG ALFABET.
p
.\
pay, up
\
B
by
\
be
\
to be
T
. 1
It
...1...
at, out
D
dollar
do
had.
Oh
/ each
/ which
/■
much
/ •
/ advantage
/ large
company, ace om pan V
G
give -n
go, together
ago
M^^
40
SCOTT-BRClVNErS TEXT-BOOK
^ if, off
) ^
^ ease, eat/
N
v_v in, any
V_ fo''
) was
^^_y know, ijo
> few
V
Sh
own
--^ she, wish
^-^
ever
J shall, Shalt
Ng
^.. fiew
y,_ issue
s,^_^ long, along
/^ law
_^ language
W
/ thank-eJ, thousand
/C. w^^^
> why
, Dh
V thee, thy
^ allow
> y«|ar
"^ ^vay
\ they, them
^ away
/ tho', thou
"~\ are
Y
i__sJ
-^ our
^ your
M
H
) say, so, saw
^'~^ me, my
<^ high
V- "^
^,-v^ may, am
^' Ohio
ID. Final s is added to any of the above signs by writing the
circle on the end of the stem.
II. — SHORT SENTENCES.
Pay up your bills. It will be your dollar each time iney go.
It was in my wish. Which way will they go? Why do they ask
them for it? It was years ago. They know why it was so Do
they ever go up? Have they ever thanked ? They say so. It will be
easy for us. Shall they go away ? They will wish them much joy.
Each company will be large. Do they see any ad^'aniage in it? It
was to be so. They may think so. If they do, Ihc shall know it.
Does she own it? No, she knows it. They had it out each day.
Your things are in Ohio.
fff PHONOGRAPHY.
41
•
12.— COMPOUND
STEMS.-
No. 2.
^ .
peculiar-ly-ity
v^.
familiaf-ly-ity
\
publish-cd
\_
.especially
yy.
belong
- become
.. like
.....\_^..
^
look
.\^^^
to become
Q„_
.... alike
L_
... talk
.. take
r\
. lawyer
1
> 1-^-—
irregular- ly-ity
- 1
„....L
took
.., dignity
.... -^
argue
refer
.77.
acknowledge
/-.. .
regular-ly-ity
~{
catholic
.-Z\.
represent
T
kill
^^_
make
-^
came, come
.^
many, money
s
effect
. .^
among
--S
... affect
fact
forever
into
unto
- V
notwithstanding
V"
follow
V
«njoy
42
SCOTT.BROWNETS TEXT-BOOK
.._.... Y
.. knowledge
:ry__
anything
V
. - enlarge
^
nothing
^ ..
... never
r
N. Y.
^
nevertheless
^ .
N. H.
r^_....
... enough
A--
half
■••-•"^
newer
^.....
hope
.,. name
- y\
happy
Note. — Should the student think these abbreviations difficult to
learn, let him noiice that very few of them are abbreviated beyond
the omission of vowels, so that once looking at them is sufficient to
learn them. Those that are abbreviated by the omission of conso-
nants should be written over several times, and then, by practising
them in short sentences they will be remembered.
13. — SHORT SENTENCES.
Notwithstanding many peculiar things, they are happy. Never-
theless, anything will do for them Hope for many things. Nevei
follow lawyers. Do nothing halt-way. Enjoy knowledge forever.
Enlarge your knowledge. Never follow peculiar ways. They cami
in time for your lawyer's money.
OF PHONOGRAPHS .
IiESSON ZIII.
abbreviations-Continued.
X. — CIRCLES, LOOPS, AND VOWELS. —NO. 3.
o
is, bis
as, has
vD themselvci
^
first
^
.S
subject
- - as well at
— s
subjected
.':> sir
I
.. best
its
~N - ours, hours
seem
„ f
said
^~^ same, some
„ A
such
-^ . . something
/
just
I-
seen
suggest
. because
"^^ ^ soon
^-^ necessarv
signature
^-^ most, must
^
c
.. several
^5i^ . stenographer
. these, thyself
. . honest
. this
KuP . . .. next
— c
. . thus, those
-5. wise
44
SCOTT^BROWNETS TEXT-3(WK
3.
C
f
- west
. yes, yours, yourself
.. use. uze
/
usage
^ uses, uzes
/^ used
...,l\ yesterday
highest
..
would
"... t)eyond
c were
"
ye
__a..yo"
2. — VOWEL, STEM, AND BRIEF SIGN COMBINATIONS. — NO. 6,
1
idea
^. area
S_!C>.
now
^ while
s-^.
... knew, new
_C_ well
r
... I'll, I
will
am
(/ where
^
.. I'm, I
^ ... . aware
v1
... already
f/ whereas, worse
^ _
altogether
t/V^ wherever
together
i/\_ wheresoever
^^1
.... almighty
when
1
. . although
almost
,s_^ one
^-^ whence
—
^
„.. whoever
^i^j? once
^"Ay^^ whenever
^V
... howei
/er
.'-^s-
whensoever
OF PHONOGRAPHY.
47
..^^"TSw. whencesoever
S without
within
.1
s.
withdraw
withal
you're, you are
3.— READING EXERCISE.
'.... <9..1. ^,. /. ..) 1
.(....... C....\\ ^- ^-^
..r....L..^l C....y
-\
r ) '
\ .L..X „A /rrr^. ^— ?'"'^\^ c/V. a. „.k..
..r?. ^ ^ I .' L ^....\...<^.. ..._.. . ' u
» " ^ / "^ "■ ^-
.. -/>- <::s^^
r-:
L ;_.../...,..-£._
c
v-1
"^
A.... yTT^
-■1-
4.— WRITING EXERCISE.
It is now time we were on our way. What would you do for
him? When and where would it be best to go? Which one is it?
What is the area of the State in which yoi« live ? I hope she is no
vorse. He may go without it altogether. We are within two miles
of the house. Your ideas will have weight. Do you know yet how
it is? How long ago was it? Whenever you are right go ahead.
1 am aware of the fact. Whoever he is we must see him.
4S SCOTT-BROWNE'S TEXT-BOOK
HALF-LENGTHS AND ED TICK.
LESSON XV.
HALVING STEMS TO ADD T OR Z>.
I. A stem can be halved to add the sound of / or w
■debi, cuts, fate^ shuts, late, art, sent, appetite, occupied, potato,
.{^ \^ <^ ^ C ^ yr '^
elated, berated, robbed, habit, cheated, untied, aptly softly.
SHADING THE UNMATED HALF-LENGTHS.
2. When the stems La, Er, Em, and Un, are halved to add d
let them be shaded; but when halved to add / let them remain light.
Illustration:
^. r. ^ -^ /^ . ^ ... ^.. /?s ^ '-^ V-
tit, ailed, art, aired, sort, sword^ mate, made, tteat, heed, pelt,
V ^-r. ^ I k k. ^ t:^.. y^..
boiled, melt, killed, tart, desired, tempt, dimmed, silent, ruined.
3. The half-length stem for // is written according to the same
rules as full-length La, while the half-length for Id is invariably
made downward, because it is shaded, and is vowelized the same as
K -^ /^ <^ .0» <-^ l* _
pets, sifts, salts^ sorts, meetSy needs, midst, didst, couldst.
11. The reporter writes j/ loop on halved stems to form the su-
perlative degree of certain adjectives. Illustration:
fT (^ ^ ^ or ;'
6-^y y I^- .Jr\ r^ .S^.. xS* '•'^ ^
'^•- V V. -^ "^ X...._J< ... y./ :^.
^: A. A (^ A. ...7^ 1^ .-^ .
ga SC07T.br OWNS' S TBXT.BOOR
INITIAL HALF-LENGTHS.
TWO HALF-LENGTHS.
\ J ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
W^ rs^ >>>
C^
ED TICK ON HALF-LENGTHS.
UPWARD ED TICK.
14. In writing the ed tick on Ldt it is better to strike it upward,
on account of the liability, in rapid writing, of the downward tick
becoming a hook. Illustration:
wi/it wilted, salted, emulated, diluted.
•\4 Ae -r^ W- -^ \^ i^V
DISJOINED WHOLE AND HALF LENGTHS.
instituted, substituted, destitute, pathetic, emphatic, synthetic.
OF PHONOGRAPHY.
53
15.— WRITING EXERCISE.
Pick, picked, poke, poked, pack, packed, tick, ticked, tuck,
tucked, tack, tacked, cliecked, joked, jagged, reasoned, limit, remit,
limited, remitted, elect, elected, erect, erected, sift, sifted, scent,
scented, sound, sounded, rescind, rescinded, resound, resounded,
descend, descended, decent, descent, dissent, dissented, absent,
absented, invite, invited, indict, indicted, repeated, reputed, inhab-
ited, uninhabited.
16. -ABBRE VI ATIONS— H alf-Len
GTHS.— No. 7.
-^- put
J issued
v^ afterward
-V-bad
..£:..let
Vg^forvvard
. ,^-. about
lead
inward
.J-.did
r old, world
-1... out ward
1 debt
lord, read
V^ better
.- J doubt
might
..(^ debtor
—TT.. caught
immediate-ly
yield
— could
0..made
...^. until
..... act
^ not
little >
God, got
^_ under, hand, hundred
write
...^ get, good
^^ sent, cent.
written
.... ...thought
c-y
/>^/
want, wind
writing
-^-•that
"^ went worn
-^
cast
^...wild
.._^, astonish-ed
J
- wished
c/_ word
..l_.e8tablish-ed
54 SOOrf.BKOH^A-E'S TEXTBOOK
17.- READING EXERCISE.
J. ....
.. .'^-..
^ ^ •
r r
1
..(
jt
L.S
>... ! 1...
^ ^
•
!
..) jf
^ 1
^
^
V ___
*%
r^
...cy.
< ...
.1 -)..^:s....
..^.
....b.....
1
•
.i(/.
\
— ,
^o ■-
_^.._^
X
: r.
;■
•^
_x
>./ ..... ...
c..i^...
^^ .
li
\
^
v.^
..:..v\
.1^
T." »
-*-
18.— WRITING EXERCISE.
You would enjoy a visit to the old world. I want you to give
me your word that you will do all the good that lies in your power.
Never go in debt. Read only good books. The Lord God leadeth
me. We went to the woods afterward. Do not be too forward.
That was a good act. He could not read for the want of a book.
;ir^^He is not a bad boy, Put your cap on the rack. How much good
and beniity we ha^^^e in tliis world ! Have you anv doubt about it?
Put about that immediately. Go not afterward in debt. Doubt
not the word ot God. He went east. You had better go forward
immediately. He could not get the goods. Did you get the writing?
He was caught in the act. I thought you went afterward. He went
immediately to let you know. That writing should be better. Yield
not until the word is given. He wished he had issued that little writ-
ing. She went wild with astonishment. The debtor will not yield.
They will take the lead in the old world. Might it not be written ?
He went when he was sent. I want to astonish you. One cent
might be made to yield much good. Look inward if you would see
how you look outward. Write immediately a little with your own
^and. Better a hundred times establish yourself first.
OF PHONOGRAPHY.
05
INITIAL HOOKS.
LESSON XVI.
SMALL INITIAL HOOKS FOR L AND R, ON
MATED STEMS.
I. When either /or r immediately follows any other consonant
they are expressed by a small hook at the beginning of the consonant
stem. Ilustration:
\ \ ..r f / /
pi, bl,
br.
tl.
dL
chl.
/A
T 1 ; /
Pr,
tr.
dr, chr.
r^
kl.
kr.
^ ^ C ) J J
fl. fr, thl, thr, shU shr.
2. In writing the hooks on stems, the first motion of the pen
is made in an opposite, parallel direction to the stem; and the next
and last motion is at right angles with the stem, as shown in the ac-
companying illustration:
% \
1
1
7
;
^^,
■^ ^
c
c
!)
) J ^
Let these characters be practised with caie until the nooks can
be readily and perfectly made. Careless writers incline to make
these hooks look like loops or circles. It is just as easy to make
them right as wrong, if proper care is exercised in the beginning to
understand the principles of movement in forming them.
L HOOK WORDS.
3. Notice that the / hooks are on the rigAi and u/>J>gr side of
the stems.
^/^a, please, play, plows, able, blows, idle, clay, clause, glow.
flee, fleece, flow, oval, Ethel, bushel, official, ambrosial.
50 SCOTT.BROWNE'S TEXT-BOOK
R HOOK WORDS.
4. Notice that the r hooks are on the left and under side.
\v \. 'V "V T 1 1- -1 r \
pry, praise, brew, breeze, tree, eater, trust, odor, draw, dress,
cry, crow, ochre, acre, grow, ogre, egresi, grass,
^ "h S > ") > y J
freeze, frizzes, frost, throw, ether, thrust, usher, azure.
5. In comparing the / and r hook signs, let the student regard
\ f ^ c
//, tl, fl, thl,
and so forth, as so many pieces of wire bent so as to form the initial
hook, and that these same pieces of bent wire, when turned over,
become
\ 1 '^, ■)
pr, tr, /, thr.
To illustrate still more clearly, let them be written in pairs, as follows:
\ \ \ % ccc.
pi, pr, bl, br,
fl, fr, vl, vr, thl, thr, dhl, dhr, shl, shr, thl, thr,
—the shr and zhr forms being turued over endwise to give the forms
for shl and thl.
SPECIAL VOWELIZATION.
6. The initial hooks are intended for the expression of /and r
preceded by a stem consonant without a vowel between the stem and
OF PHONOGRAPHY. 57
hook consonants, as in//. e^ ^ ^cr:<:> .
fall, cold, full, fulcrum.
8. As the shape of the dots will not admit of their being written
through the stem and be distinguished, like the dashes, the vowels of
the dot class are represented by small circles, written, for /c^w^ vowels,
before upright and inclined stems, and above horizontal ones; written,
for short vowels, after upright and inclined stems, and below hori-
zontal ones, observing, as usual, the three vowel places. Illustration:
feel, fail, carpets, fill, fell, taroxysm.
9. When the vowels heard in err and air are to be read between
the hook and stem, indicate it by making the parallel dash signs into
ellipses, thus:
careless.
10. The difthong signs are either struck through the stem, or else
written at the beginning or at the end of stems, to denote that they
are to be read between an initial hook and stem, thus:
.^ -J- ,
cure^ casual.
58 SCO TT.BRO WNE'S . TEXT-BOOK.
II— READING EXERCiSE.
S,A...^^.\^..^.....'^^,.^...\..X■^^•
^.v ..>^4...v4..^j-..^-.,^:.
.^...Vp^j...^...^-. 4.^.1...
OF PHONOGRAPHY. QO
12.— WRITING EXERCISE.
Apple, able, ciue, eclat, please, pleases, pleased, play, played,
plow, blow, blaze, blazed, idle, idles, clay, close, glaze, glass, fly,
flow, fleece, flees, flies, flows, fleeced, oval.
People, peopled, pickled, buckled, tickled, cockled, giggled,
flckle, cobble, gable, table, stable, stubble, scuffle, faithful, truthful,
mouthful, treacle, draggle, prattle, brittle, scuttle, fiddle, victuals,
thickly, flat blacker, flavor, pressure, special, initial, nuptial,
impartial, impartiality, social, prudent especial, ambrosial,
casual, visual, official, officially, bleach, oblige, club, cloth, clotkes,
clash, claim, gloom, youthful, vocal, unable, muddle, employ,
simple, sample, example, dissemble, resemble, tumble, rumble,
devil, level, lawful, ankle, uncle, angle, ethical, plaster, blister,
bluster, cluster, cloister.
Pray, pry, brow, tree, trio, eater, try, utter, tray, drawi, odor,
cry, crew, acre, agree, free, fray, offer.oflfered affray, threw, throw,
author, usher, azure.
Price, prize, prizes, prized, breeze, braced, trace, trust, trusted,
crust, crazed, grist, grazed, grazes, grasses, thrice, thrust, precise,
process, blazes, crisis, crises.
Prop, problem, prime, probe, approach, preach, pretty, bribe,
brick, brag, brush, bravo, broom, broil, brier, briny, bridge,
breeches, breath, breathe, break, bring, trip, tribe, trick, track, truth,
trim, trash, drug, dream, droll, drear, dreary, drouth, dressy, creep,
crape, group, grim, grab, growl, grog, frog, freak, frail, thrill,
throng.
Paper, pauper, taper, dipper, cheaper, jobber, keeper, caper,
copper, gutter, figure, vigor, vapor, vicar, entry, sentry, pitcher,
major, lodger, ledger, archer, richer, Rogers, degree, decreed,
degrade, sugar {Sha\ shiver {Sha), measure, leisure, erasure, fisher,
ireazure, treasury, pleasure.
VOWELS HEARD BETWEEN HOOK AND STEM.
Germ, firm, Germany, person, charm, form, George, covir^^^^
fulsome, procure, cheerful.
(SO SCOTT-BROWNJFS TEXT-BOOK
L AND R HOOK ON UNMATED STEMS.
13. The initial hook for /on Em, Un, Ra, and Hah is made
large. Illustration:
ml, ni, rl, hi.
14. The hook for r on Em, Un, Hah is made small, and the stem
shaded, to distinguish the mr, nr, and hr combination signs from wm,
wn, and Hah, Illustration:
mr, nr, hr.
15. A large initial hook on La expresses the other liquid conso-
nant, r. Let it be noticed of the two liquids that La takes a large
hook for r and that Ra takes a large hook for /. Illustration:
Ir, rl.
t6. The initial hooks for / and r are never usea on Es, Zt, Er,
Ing, or Wa. Itig, when hooked initially, being required to express
nr; and Es, Ze, Er, Wa, when hooked initially, being required to
express Tlir, -Dhr, Per, Ver. Ydl — Ya with initial hook — is noi
used for anything, as it is an inconvenient form to join; besides, it i»
quicker and better to express yl by the brief Ya sign and / stem.
17.— READING EXERCISE.
c^^ V....^.d\ J::
camel, animal, canal, kernel and colonel, spiral, exhale, help, color
.1^.. 'U ......^ ...o^ .^ . ^ k -^
rumor, tremor, moral, minor, north, cohere, ad/iere, inherit.
18.— WRITING EXERCISE
Enamel, canaille, kernel, colonel, enameled, spirals, relapse,
relapsed, relax, relaxes, relaxed, spinal, spaniel, channel, panel,
canal, final, flannel, penal, vernal, finally, coral, choral, floral, rural,
0*rrel, peril, Tyrol, plural, help, helper, helpless, health.
OF PHONOGRAPHY.
ei
healthy, healthier, healthiest, hcahhfiil, helioirope. halcyon, hc!m.
helmet, inhale, unwholesome, exhale, unhealthy, :o!or. collar,
scholar, secular. Fowler, valor, raillery, stickler.
19.— Z AND R HOOK ABBREVIATIONS. — No, 8.
R HOOK, STRAIGHT STEMS.
/* appear
1 true
1
doctor
/ .larger
l\-^principaI.Jy, principle
cr— care, occur
-<>^...practisu
1 dear
cure accrue,
A. re-member
n during
c:
correct-ed
?\.-number
/...cheer
c— r-aggregaie-ed
.1... utter, truth
/ chair
agree.
L
HOOK, STRAIGHT STEM
s.
..\..able. ably
....[..till, tell
J....dcal
<-
call equal- y
1 . deliver
c — clerk
-.[•...at all
/...children
R HOOK, CURVED STEMS
. collect-ed
!!^.forra
either
- humor
.^ from
..i. there, their
- near, nor, hono?
...over
..-) other
hire hiprhcr
....^.. every, very
..^.sure, assure
^ hear, here, her
.«?v„.aver
....... author, three
....^..share
.^hair
Mr., mere
- remark
„TN through
iT^.mort
/"^^^ manner
OS
ScoTT-nnowNics tejct-book
^... 'ce'. fin, fall
_L-. ^ail, fell
..^. full
>-. evil
L HOOK» CURVED STEMS.
x^. avail
,^
million
.Xr> promulgate-d
*S£r> female
real-ly
...Cx: roll
heal, hall
.<^.. hole, hale, heU
.yC. howl, whole
^-^Z' enroll
ruler
value h^^" rule
20. — SHORT SENTENCES.
I feel fully equal to the task. Practise the principle well.
My
principal imparts speed. Remember the days of thy youth, for thy
very hairs are numbered. Utter only truth that you may speak with
assurance. The principle thing in his address is humor. How ably
the author treated the subject. I tell you, till all is well, take care.
I have no faith at all. Form good habits if you would go through
life happy, and from the path of truth depart not. Over all things
honor is first. Every one knows his doctor well. Ever remember
that very has another form from ever. The author went three
times through his book. Dear doctor, you cure and cheer; I feel
you will heal a million. Put my children in the large chair very near
here. To assure a cure you must deal with care. Either agree or
take a smaller share. It will occur no more. How about the other,
are you sure of the delivery ? ' I do not remember the aggregate but
the clerk could tell. Correct the clerk when you collect the fare.
Mere humor is not more nor honor higher. Her hair was either
black or gray, her eyes dear and true, and her manner equal. Did
you hear the remark ? I had my fill and feel so full I fear I shall
either fail or fall. Ah, full well I fell ! The evil did avail and its
value I know too well. The female does really rule the family with
a familiar hand. Hire a hall and promulgate the whole.
d^ f'tfOffOCkAPHY.
LESSON XVII.
THE INITIAL CIRCLE ON L AND R HOOK SIGNS.
1. To prefix j on r hook signs, the hook is made into a circle.
2. To prefix s on I hook signs, the circle is made within the
&ook. Illustration:
X "X N; N; \ % F-^ f-^
pray, spray, pry, spry, upper, supper, crawl, scrawl,
%. \, \ \ \^ X^ \ ^
plat, splat, plash, splash, bloom, sublime, play, display.
t; i; T=_ "L- "^ K ■] 'iv.i "*'-h is easiest and most legible to the writer is the l>tst
64 SCOTT.BROWNSrS TEXT-BOOK
5. Many writers omit the r representation in tne woras cuscride,
prescribe^ etc., and express them thus:
^- ''^— '^
6. In writing the circle on the r hook side, between stems run-
ning in the same direction , it is not necessary to show the hook, as
the left and under side of straight stems is known to be the r hook
side^ while the right and upper side of straight stems is known to be
the circle side. Illustration:
\ \ \
psp, P-spr, tst, t-str, ksk, k-skr^
■\ "x ^---'t-i — -— =^
4>recept, prosper, dusty, destroy, distressed, cask, excrescence, excursive.
1. Per preceded by /);> is written thus; J\ *s in the words
disappear, disparage, dayspring, etc. ^
8. In such words as tasteful, boastful, trustful, etc., where the
/ hook sign cannot be made following the st loop, the pen crosses the
stem, thus reducing the loop to simple s and enabling the writer to
form a perfect hook on the Ef stem. This contracts the words to
tas'ful, boas' ful, trus'ful, etc. Illustration:
" 1.— - \. 1. ^ —
tasteful, boastful, trustful, breastplate.
9.— WRITING EXERCISE.
Spray, supper, sober, suitor, strew, cider, suppress, cypress,
soberly, screw, scarcely =- o — ;b secrecy, sacred, supply, sable,
satchel, sickle, cycle, possible, disciple, display, displayed, accusable,
I-hysical, peaceful, passively, plausible, classical, classically, crucible,
explore, taxable, graceful—^ C (the hook of the Ef in graceful is
mplied by the circle at the end of the Ga stem being elongated like a
loop. If there was no/ hook to express, the circle would be kepi
round, thus; *~"^), disgraceful, prjspcrous, prosperously, distresses.
OF PHONO cnAPHY.
65
disaster, disasters, disastrous, cheese-press, Caspar, excreable,
excursive, describe, disagreeable, disagreeably, disappear, disparage,
dayspring, pastry, pasture {Pis-Cher), extreme, gastric, mixture
{Em-Kds-Cher), fixture {Ef-Kds-Cher), dishonor=-4_y ,
Straggle, struggle, strapper, supreme, soprano, sobriety, strata,
stream, streamed, streamlet, strength, strangle, strangler, strangled,
strut, street, strait, straight, straighter, sprite, sprout, sprayed, des-
perate, desperately, desperado, whisper, whispered, destroy, des-
troyed, distract, distracted, distrust, distrusted, trustful, distrustful,
mistrust, mistrustful, expressly, describe, descried, prescribe, pro-
scribe, subscribed, ascribed, abstract, extract, extracted, excusable,
crucible, taxable, explore, explored, explode, exploded, display, dis-
played, displays, frustrate, frustrated, hemisphere (hemisfere), gossi-
mer, moral, morally, curse, discourse, discoursed.
•K
^r
«v
^
c4-o
■>
atmosphere immoral, mortal, immortal, course, persuade.
lo.— ABBREVIATIONS.
CIRCLE ON L AND R HOOK SIGNS. — No. 9.
'
A .
.Ji.
.tC
...%'..
...C« o.._S_^
o..
A- :
= ^
,..% _
.^..
C
y^..:Q...
/
^....^^ 1..V,
^ <-"_
/ *
..c^..
j:..^:^.....
r.
)..._^
N . f .
r-i.
c
y...
^:>^..
V
. ^
..\
s ^
._.. rK...
i._.
...c...^..
• "1 «
J. . 1....
o
^
U s _
w *
t .... . . ...3w^ ^S...
4tafen, strife, gloves, archives, h4ofsi,
70 SCOTT.BROWNKS TBXT-BOOK
5. The hook for / and v is never written on the curve stems.
Note (a). — Observe that the s circle formed within hooks is
elongated, like a loop, and made in the direction of the stem to which
the hook belongs.
(A). — The large circle and the loops for it and str are never written
on hooks.
6. If a vowel follows «, /or v, those consonants must be rep-
resented by the stems, in order to furnish a place for the vowel*
Illustration:
*:>' v>...k. s^.. .X ^ x- ^..
brine, briny, fun, funny, assign, assignee, rain, rainy,
.^_. . LX_r. ^ <* A. A Ai ....
ctuffht cc^tt, grieve, gravy, heave, heavy, rough, review.
7.— READING EXERCISE
S, ^ „.5 °v. \ j:^ i- I J- •^. -^
|!- /!> °t:. ^...^/^ ,^^^ %."
^ ^ /-'_/T." ::^ 3. I, -^ .ij ..VI
-^. .. .V ^ /y..., i^ A. ^ ^
^_ ^...3.
OF PHONOGRAPHY. 71
8.— WRITING EXERCISE.
Pawn, pen, open, bane, bone, tan, eaten, oaten, din, don, chain,
chin, June, coin, keen, cane, oaken, gun, gown.
Spun, spoon, sabin, satan, satin, stone, sadden, scan, skin,
sicken, sustain, Staten, stevvpan, weapon, widen, wooden, waken,
wagon, worn, Warren, sweeten, Sweden, sworn, equestrian.
Prune, brown, brain, bran, train, drown, drawn, churn, adjourn,
crane, acorn, crown, corn, ,green, grain, grin, groan.
Plain, plan, blown, clean, clan, clown, glean, glen, decline,
recline.
Fan, fun, vine, thin, assign, zone, shine, lawn, urn, moon, nun.
Soften, seven, Simon, Stephen, Stamen, flown.
Suspense, strains, screens, widens, stamens, Stevens, woman's.
Puff, bluff, pave, brave, strive, dove, cave, rove.
Puffs, paves, drives, chiefs, Jove's caves, coughs, cuffs, graves,
grieves.
Panic, pancake, pinch, punch, punish, pennon, bandy, banjo,
banish, tonnage, Channing, candy, conic, coinage, expunge, experi-
ences, expenses, finish, (upward j/^), vanish, heathenish, thinness, lin-
ear, lonely, minute, minute, mintitely, minuteness, mental, mantel,
miner, potent, potency, demean, organic, envenom, plenty, planet,
plunge, blanch, French, fringe, penance, finance, synonym, sponge,
Spanish, pippin, bobbin, obtain, Italian, deepen, detain, domain,
cabin, roughen, raven, region, regain, famine, foreign, lemon, Ly-
man, remain, engine, tribune, blacken, chairman, African, Mormon,
Norman.
Toughen, deafen, deafness, define, divine, devote, devout,
devotee, devour, devise, advise, division, (upward sh), devotion, de-
fence, advance, extravagance, extravagant.
Use upward r, Ra, in these words; Revere, rover, river, quiver,
quaver, hover, cover, cleaver, clover, engraver, beverage.
Use downward r, Er, in these words: Devour, beaver, tougher
meaner, vainer, founder, finer, thiner, leaner, demeanor.
n
SCOTT-BROWNE'S TEXT-BOOK
SHORT SENTENCES.
Ten honest men live in one town. Nine fair women spun six-
teen skeins of woolen yarn. The moon shines upon the lawn. Green
are the banks of Bonny Doon. When it rains, the Robins say,
** Cheer up, cheer up, cheer up ! " Rover is a brave dog, you will
discover, and serves his mastsr faithfully. The Bluff river divides
our farm. Never swerve from right behavior. See the rainbow!
The poor, with industry, are happier than the rich, in idleness. Pu'
down your pen and join the children in their fun.
9 —
ABBREVIATIONS.— A^, F, and V Hooks.-
—No. lo.
N
HOOK.
\
opinion
c
..then
v..
begun
.\..
upon
c
than
\^
began
\
..been
r^...
alone, loan
k...
turn, torn
J
done
^^
.,i»ep
./ .
sudden
J:
...down
- ./T^ .
man
..../^
at length
join
■ i^~^-
human
J
delinquent
/.
general-ly
cT^
..women
/\
happen
... --.
can
^5~b
woman
>•
..punish-ed
"^
gone
.....s-^.
known, none
s.
. explain-ed
-::,..
gain, again
-^^
union
■/.
..question
.^..
often, phonog-
... raphy
J^....
.learn
..._^...
..christian
Vo
even
V-=.
pecuniary
--1.
corresponc
C
_.thine
.>7
begin
.,..':?...
-ence
..coa«e
annoint-cd
J
lend
^U
superintend
....^. ..
round
• --J
. attend
...7777^.
..acquaint
...j}^.. ■
.surround
J
did not, didn't
..... "» -
gained
...X-
^around
,. J
.do not, don'i
V^
..find
....^ .
.understand
.had not. hadn't
V
found
...u.
turned
•
. gentlemen
.^^-
foundation
.-^...
..accident
V
gentleman
r
land
V.-
subsequcnr
"^
kind
-can'i
^
r^
mind
.minds
A>
..returned
c ..
..learnt
. . r::?^
cannot
/r^ ..
meant, mend,
- amount
. ■^.
impend
ENS, BNSES, KNST.
....J
. at once
consequciuc
-balanced
occurrence
....^...
again^i
..tndi»p«n».ibie
\
.balance
rr-o.
..Kansas
.-^..
experience
-^
.balances i
^-
.gains
■u
transcript
74
SCOTT-BROWNKS TEXT-BOOK
.....\.
before
V above
L
I
difl5cult-y
differed-enN
gave, govern-
ment
*\i proof, prove
^ approve
>4_. improv«.d-ment
provide
F AND V HOOK.
Aar^. .provision
^\.-y proficient -ly-
---->* iency
..^Ss— .....perfect
...-N> ..belief, belier*
L- defect
I ..advocate
-*r d«ficient-iency
\~9 defence
U
.advance
*Ni
. — I — profit, prophet
!^. .. profitable
prophetic
>>~->' providence-ti&l-
...^ believed
\ extra vagant-ly-
*— . amce
-forgive
forgave -n
^^half
lO. — SHORT SENTENCES.
Upon my opinion I would not believe it. Had it not been done
I would have joined the general. He could not have gone so soon
again' To gain Phonography you must first be found in a brown
study, even then it is best to be left alone. Men are humane as
women are womanly. The union was known to be perfect. His
pecuniary gain was not large. None but the good can explain their
acts. Learn Phonography well. At length he explains the corres-
pondence. The kind gentleman did not account for the accident.
Don't go behind the returns. The superintendent found the founda-
tion turned in consequence of the sudden accident. It is significant
of the fact that he remembered that opinion. I find that the land
will not yield a profit. His balance in Kansas is indispensable. He
meant to surround the men but his general had fallen. The account
was balanced with the amount. Experience is indispensable to
understand the cost of success. He was punished but would not
explain. Th'- occurrence in Kansas shows gains for the second time.
The Stenographer's transcript was second to none. The advocate
found difficulty in his defence. The deficiency balanced the account.
OF PHONOGRAPHY. 75
LESSON XXI
SHUN AND ESHUN HOOKS.
SHUN HOOK.
1. The syllable shun (or zhuri) following a stem consonant,
is expressed by a large final hook made on either side of straight
stems, and on the concave side of curve stems. Illustration:
>^ N^ -^^ ^ \ --^ --'-
potion, passion, inception, addition, perdi^on, occasion, sections,
J-p j> \p ^ ....yc:... ^...
dissection, rations, adhesion, fashions, visionary, motions,
. O „..l^ .aS ..^kP \ .^f^....
nations, dissention, oration, volition, persuasion^ reservation.
2. In writing the words unction, sanction, distinction, etc., tht
stem for the /Ta sound can be omitted, without impairing legibility
Illustration
>4^ O) tsP
unction, sanctions, distinction.
3. The syllable ist, following Shun and Eshun, is expressed by
half-length Es {Est) on the hooks. Illustration:
^ s- ^-
elocutionist, factionist, annexationist,
ESHUN HOOK.
4. The syllable shun following s represented by a circle, and
a vowel, is expressed by a small hook on the back of the circle.
Illustration:
„:.x. L ^ _.. ^. _.>. NT*:.
position, decisi0nt accession, physician, cessation, pulsaiUn,
70
SCOTT' BROIVT^E'^ TEXTBOOK
5. Words containing this small hook arc legible without wriiintj
the vowel that is heard before the hook; but i£ it is desired to express
this vowel any time, write it on the left side of the hook for &Jifsi
plact vowel and on the right side for other vowels. Illustration:
.1.
1
X.
^1
preaston^
transttton.
procession^
sntsatioual
See Chapter XV. of Part II. Text-Book for full illustration ot
the shn representation.
6 —WRITING EXERCISE.
Potion, passion, passions, editions, addition, sedition, section,
suction, deception, attraction, attractions, detraction, inception, sub-
traction, perception, reception, inspection, exception, refraction,
infraction, reduction, subtraction, perdition, approbation, attrition,
reputation, selection, election, elocution, elocutionist, elocutionists,
factionist, factionisis, affectionate, affectionately observation.
Decision, causation, accession, accusation, physician, incision,
musician? musicians, sensations, proposition, prepositions, supposi-
tion, cessation, secession, annexation; annexationist, pulsations.
The small hook for sJm may also be used for sn in combinations
where- an j-circle and an «-siem would be inconvenient .to joinr
li will not conflict. with sHn and will add greatly to speed and legi-
bility. The principle justifying its use is the same as that for employ-
ing the ///, En or Y//* hook — many final terminations being as incon-
venient for the junction of .r and n as for y% and s initially. . There are
afewwords in which the "^^Vw-hook can be used medially. The fol-
lowing woids^ill'show its application. (See Part II.. page 41.)
medicine^ medicinal, Wisconsin,
mason^
masonry^
OFFSETS OR IMPERFECT HOOKS.
Some combinations of consonants make it impossible to form
perfect hooks; in which case it is necessary to make an offset, using
a part of that stem (generally the second one) for the purpose which
will make the best joining and indicate the hook; thus.
missionary, seminary, reply, penetrable, country, exhale,
, .^. — .V~ -.^. V- -^--A-
companion, printer, otgineer^ Edinhoro, adhesion^ trainer ^
economy t cfcplain, resplendent', behold^ continent, unwholesome.
or PHONOGRAPHY.
T7
7.— ABBREVIATIONS.— Shun and Eshun
SHUN HOOKS.
... V^ consideration
^ exaggeration
V passion
./O objection
.. >\ ■ objectionable
o ... subjection
...^ . exhibiton
U tuition
U .station
L) instruction
^_ opposition
..., \o .. .position
— \ .. possession
.f^. decision
— «? .. .accession
D occasion
c—^ creation
1.-^ direction
correction
— collection
— crP .. aggression
ESHUN HOOK,
' — e
- acquisition
- ■ ..\> procession
\ proposition
/
- • 05 .... - generalization
'"....organuaiion
Hooks. — No. 11.
VX (ash ionab! e-bly
Y)
session
association
0/ . .
missionary
i
.CT* compensation
...^ . . civilization
national
situation
dissuasion
p-rsuasioo
.conversational
conversationi*
reali/aiion
78 SCOTT-BROWNS'S TSXT-BOOK
SHADING AND LENGTHENING.
LE SSON ZZII.
SHADING EM.
I. Em is shaded to express a following/ or b, and is then called
Emp or Emb. Illustration;
./^rs...„.^9^. A^
«/w/, stump, hemp, lamp, glimpse, wampum, limbo, embargo^
LENGTHENING EMP.
2. Emp is lengthened to add a following r. Illustration:
empire, temper, simper, ember, chamber, somber.
3.— WRITING EXERCISE.
Pomp, pumps, bump, damp, dumps, stamp, stump, stampede,
jumps, camp, gump, vamp, thump, lamp, lump, limp, romp, rump,
mumps, swamp, samp, slump, hump, hemp, primp, plump, tramp,
crump, cramp, glimpse, wampum, limbo, Jumbo, humbug. Sambo.
Pumper, Plumper, temper, temporal, distemper, damper, jumper,
Kemper, vampire, romper, hamper, scamper, ember, umber, amber,
fioraber, limber, lumber, chamber, slumber, December, November,
September, dismember, timber, cumber, encumber, Cuirterland,
Chamberlain. \
LENGTHENING JNG.
4. Ing is lengthened to express a following kr {Ket) or gr{Ger).
Illustration:
anchor or anger, tinker, winker, tinker.
tAinie*' finger, linger, *tr»nger.
OF PHONOGRAPHY.
n
LENGTHENING THE OTHER CURVES.
5. Ar the other curved stems are lengthened to express a fol-
lowing tr, dr, thry dhr. Illustration:
enter, render, smatter, mother, philanthropy, father.
6. Of the straight stems, only Ra and Hah are lengthened to
express the following words:
'v
writer.
rather,
hither.
7.— WRITING EXERCISE.
Anchor, sinker, Bunker, tinker, canker, rancor, ranker, linger,
spanker, winkers, hanker, handkerchief.
Anger, finger, linger, languor, stronger, monger, mongrel,
hunger, Hungerford.
Father, fatherless, fatherly, mother, motherly, motherless,
thither, nitre, neuter, center, central, Easter, eastern, easterly,
Esther, oyster, Astor, Astral, astronomy, astronomical, astronomer,
latter, later, literature {La-ter-Cher), literary, latterly, literally, col-
lateral, wmter, wintered, wander, eccentric, eccentricity, render,
hinder, cinder, sunder, wither, withers, withered ' flounder,
philantrophy, philanthropist, philanthropical.
Enterprise, interrupt, interruption, entertain, interest, interested,
introduce, introduction, interpret, interpretation, interpose, inter-
twine, interdict, uninterrupted.
8.— ABBREVIATIONS.— Double Lengths.— No 12.
{ ihi
C
father
ther
thiiherward
)
Easter
letter
literary
so
SCOTT-BROWNE'S TEXT-BOOK
latter
matter, mother
.neither, entire
.entirely
mterest
senator
northerr
^
.longer
... .water
whithersoever
--weather
whether
,..<
hither
hither and thitlnu
-farther, further
farther than
9. - SHORT SEN'iTiNCLS.
His father and mother went thither. The style of the letter wa .Si^ _.^-.
contain^ comprise, cumbersome, cognitiv.
CONTRA, CONTRO, ETC.
S. — The sign for contra, contro and counter is a tick. Illustration:
E=- "^
>r> ...
contradiction, controversy, countermand^
FORE.
4. — The sign for fore is Ef. Illustration:
_...v?r..._..„
forestall,
MAGNA, ETC.
5. — The sign for maga, niagne and magni is Em. Illustration:
magnanimous, magnetic^ ^o^gf^ify*
CIRCUM AND SELF.
6. — The sign, for circum and self is a small circle, written in first
position before or above the remainder of the word, for circum, and
in second position before or above the remainder of the word for self.
Illustration:
V\ . ^.. .._
circumscribe, self-mcuU,
89
SCOTT.BROWNErS TRXT-BOOK
COMPOUND PREFIXES.
7. — Whenever any other syllable comes before these prefixes —
thus making a compound prefix — the stem or sign for the syllable is
written in the prefix's place, and the prefix is not written, but implied,
or, understood to be expressed, together with the syllable standing in
its place; or, in other words, if a stem or circle is written over another
stem in such a way as to occupy the place of a prefix sign, it must
be read together with the prefix — the syllable that the sign stands
for being read first and the prefix last. Illustration:
H
conceivable.
H---
inconceivable ^
■ \ -
construe.
*^ -v. 'k^.
compromised, uncompromised^ committal^
_ --^ X? t
cognition^ recognition^ conceit,
\ K -^
composed, decomposed, comfort,
L, rx ">
misconstrue-
-y-.. ........
tum-committaL
t
self-conceit.
k
discomfort.
contradicted, uncontradici^^ controvert^ uncontroverted.
yC\
-^^..
reconcilable, irreconcilable, magnetized,
CO \_i>9
circumspect, uncircumspect.
^..
.^^
«_/
selfish,
3
foreseen, unforeseen, accommodation.
unmagnetizcd
...::V.
unselfish,
"^^I-.
incognito
'h
J.
nojt-conduct»r.
uncommon.
concomitant.
OF PHOlfOGRAPHY,
8. — Some words, having the prefix discon^ are not conveniently
written according to the usual rules for writing compound prefix
words, in which case, the remainder of the word is written near the
prefix sign, and, in some cases, the prefix is expressed in full, about
as quickly as to use a disconnected sign. Illustration:
I- -i^
disconnect.
9. — The syllable kong, in Congress^ conquer^ etc., is expressed by
the con dot, thus:
Congress^ conquer.
10. — Con, com or cog can be expressed by writing the remainder
of the word close to a preceding word, thus:
u... ^
in connection^ in consideration^ cemmon consent.
^ \-i - ^
must contrive^ ta be concluded, will convince.
II.— READING EXERCISE.
common^ commence^ committee.
-Si- -s^ ti
continued, constituent, contrition.
iiD b. '.^ :^ y .^ ..^.
^ ^
.erH>_.
y V-*^- ^
84 ' SCOTT-BROWN'l^S TEXT-BOOK
12. —WRITING EXERCISE.
Compute, computed, competition, compose, composes, com-
posed, composition, compositor, compost, compound, compounded,
compassion, comprise, comprised, compressed, comply, complied,
complex, complexion, complication, complicate, combine, contain,
contains, contusion, constrain, construction, contrite, contrition, con-
tribute, contribution, consistently, constantly, continue, continued,
constrained, co.idemn, condemnation, conjure, concur, concourse,
concrete, conclude, conclusion, conclave, conglomerate, conglomera-
tion, configuration, conflagration, convex, convivial, convenience,
convenient, convey, conveyance, convert, convertible, conceive, con-
ception, completion, compilation, compensation, condense, condensa-
tion, contrive, contrives, contrary, conduct, construct, contract, con-
trol, controllable, contrasted, console, consolation, consolidate, con-
solidation, conservatory, conservation, conservatism, concern, com-
mune, commence, commenced, conquer, conquerable, congress,
congressional, cognate, cognomen.
Accomplish, accomplishments, accommodated.
Inconstant, inconsolable, uncontrollable, unconvinced, uncon-
querable, inconceivable, recompense, recommend, recommended,
recognize, recognizes, recognized, recognition, recognizable, mis-
construction, miscompute, non-conformity, non-committal, non-con-
ductor, decomposition, discomfort, disconcert, disconcerted, discon-
nection.
Contraband, contradict, contradiction, contradistinction, contra-
vene, counterpoise, counterpoint, counter-irritant, counter-irritation,
countermand, counter-mine, counter-balance, counterpart, counter-
sign.
Join /for for-e in the following words: Foreknow, foreknow-
ledge, forever, forward, forsake, forlorn, fore-thought, fore-handed,
fore noon, fore-fathers.
Disjoin / for fore in the following words: Foremost, fore-stall,
forecast, foreman, foresail. See Part II., page 82, under the prefix
for, fore, for a fuller illustration of this principle. 0.
Magnanimous, magnanimity, magnify, magnificent, magnitude,
magnetism, magnetic, magnesia.
or WHOmfGKAPHYi
ZiBSSON xxiy.
AFPIXES.
The affix and prefix signs are treated aad tabulated ior read(j^
reference in Chapters xvi. and xvii, of Part IT. Text-Book.
The iollowing frequently^ occurring affixes can be used to advaii*
tage at this stage of the stud/.
Ble, ELY — b ivith the /-hook Tsrhett converJent to join, wlicn not
simple b will answer: thus,
.........(>1 4 !\. \ _Jd_....._
tolerable^ cottsiderable-y^ indispensable, ^projiiable^y^ sensihU-y^
Self, selves — a small circle for self^ a large one for selves j ihus»
:!-_..._._...^_ Z........:3...... .L -^ £
himself, thyself, herself, myself; themselves, ourselves^ yourselves^
Ship — a disjoined sh; thus,
.^_ „.... J. cy2J
■y "•
friendships fellowship^ j>artnership, generalship, rjelationship.
Jng— adot following the stem; tTius,
__.,. ..( ^ .r!.: =3^,™__/:r....4.„..
.owm^t doin^. going, cautioning^ plastering^ running, f>aying^
Ings — an oblique heavy tick: ilmS,
a :L.-......_V W- Zl_.^:=£:fl
doings, ^sayittgs^ blessings, factngt^ Jeajtittgr, engravings^
Ingly — a tick or /-wriiien ia t«fx place; ^is,
o<^ .^A......___!i:£ _J2C %__
lovingly; knowingly, seemingly^ J^^^ingly^ tnatinsglj^
Fui-XY— joined. / Tvhen £f with /-hook cannot be used; thus,
...„,^ .^_...^..ri ^J=.^^__4^^_.
^atnfiil-ly^ luakeful-ly, fuccessfut-iyi shamefiil4y^^ piQuiJffjlL
86 SCOTT- SROJFI7M*S XEXTSOOIC
JIi)OD—^y thus, '
„.^, ^ ^^__^ .-r^._
maHheo^ womanhood^ seJfJiood, sisicrhood, nrighhoriiwl,
XT, AL^^iLMr—disjolned /y thus,
....rc:;i/:r..J^.. .TfeyC. .„^_J^.^^._.!llp^_^{C^
^^ afforded
^^^ actual-Iy
accurate
c — . accuracy
\ abbreviation
\
~'er' "
appear
*\ appeared
6 appearance
Oy^a ppfoprlatc ^ ^ ^accepis-ancc Vj_ after
^^'''^ anywhere —^ 3rranj?:emeuC & always
'\_ arrive '^"^ anx^ody "^-—^ anyhow
Ji asTc ^r'^trr'^ certain.^ ^,^.-s^^^'certaTnly
^ calL J* drcuxnstances calculate
<■ — ^ clear ^ — ^ deared 7 <^hurcK
i consider » 1 considered. ^ complete
OF PHONOGRAPHY:
2.
credit ^ ^ current /^ charge
jjj_/ distinguish ^ I danger ^^-\^ *^"°"^?!..
— ^^"^^If
W falsehood^ t^__ final-ly ^^^ gl ad
great '=— guilt-y ^ grant
_ ■ ground, grand y^*-^^ hereafter ^ heretofore
/ hold, held .^ heard — « — - ignorant
...c^...~ ~ -^ " — -
— o influence "^— ^ influences --^ influenced
information ^-^^ initial " \^ import
— ^ important-ance y largest ^cL^ lately
(^ learned ^^i?r~ ™"'"^''_ "~!?s-c i^^iisfortune
^y" nohow ^ V newest ^_^/^lnewly
..hj^nS: .<^...^^^^ .^rrrT^j^
,^_^^ nowhere v_D-^ necessarily (^^ only
^ offer '^ offered ^ opportunity
\ oblige _„A^ r^'dy '^— protect
•X proposc> \<:rOv7 P"^PO£^ ™ 'X-^.I?^^^^?^
"X ^ prepare \ prepared VXQ^ ? ™*"112.''''
^^ — Q -^^ politics n^ ^ particular^^ ^ ^ , pure
\ public _ .,<'^V^ refe rence .^-^ received
C^ realize C-'^ realired ^^.^^ regret
^~ regard -"''^ record 6>''^"*'''^Telinquish
.'■"^^ '^^P°'^^ y'\y: "^^"^.^^^^^ f satisfy-ed-ory-l.y
p satisfaction ^ — ,/^ somehow ,^-—, /So me where
p staid £. stood ^ short
^ society <^^— ^ six U^ ^ tesilmonv
.a. —.• - — «. (LS:::r:Tt:.. _ .-...
\f.
U-^time C^ thoroly . to-day
to-morrow •^^ ^understood ^-^ uncomfortable
\ towards f^_ tow ard ^ told
usual-ly P~ withhold » withheld f whatevei ^v^xA
■..M^......jL^.^^..— ...■•^..^ ^MJ... 7h»lW. . — ,, ,, -»_M.. .._.. . . II I t
88
SCOTT-BROWNE'S TBXT-BOOK
SHORT SENTENCES.
Her arrangement of the music was exaulsite. Abbreviations are
necessary to the highest speed and are caiculated to make a System
complete. The proper party did aDDroDnace the preparation, the
purport of which he was not preaarea to understand. To appear
well in public is considered equal to Deina distinguished, so much
depends upon appearances in society. Yhe acceptance is made
good for value received on account oi aavertising. He will cer-
tainly arrive somewhere within a m.ontn. Always ask for directions
to avoid danger. They will certainiv can unless circumstances
calculated to prevent occur. To calculate ciearly you must include
the current expenses. I charge you in «o!ng to church to consider
well the circumstances and especially to accompany your family. I
would not enter into an arrangement mat would cause me to go else-
where. The church building will be movea somewhere. The female
of the family will finally be made glad. The ignorant are not cal-
culated to influence the learned. Hereaiter I shall take the ground
that the newest thing out will answer the purpose. Every oppor-
tunity will be afforded to secure public opinion against the measure.
My purpose is to propose and protect the party. Perhaps I should
be better prepared for that particular purpose. To be satisfied that
you have satisfactorily reported the testimony, wait till the clouds
roll by and the transcript is handed in. Years may come and years
may go but the shorthand reporter goes on forever,
DIRECTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY.
At this point of the study the student should turn back to page
forty and write several times over each of the exercises of sentences
for practise on Abbreviations thruout the book. Then he should write
from dictation reports of civil trials (testimony) which, owing to the
frequent use of words in this matter occurring in colloquial speech, the
abbreviations necessary for rapid writing are firmly fixed in the mind.
Together with this dictation practise, the student should also write all
the exercises of words given in Part II. Text-Book, and the siudy of
the principles there should be thoro, regular and systematic. When
Part II. is finished, dictation practise on testimony having been kept
up at the same time, should then be dropped and writing from the
Book of Business Letters in the same manner taken up. Following
this any other work that may be prepared by the author of the Amer-
ican Standard series, for dictation practise, should be used. If it is
desired to fit for special work the student should practise upon such
matter as will give him perfect familiarity with the class of words to
be met with most in that kind of reporting. To fit for general re-
porting the student must practise on all kinds of matter, and work
patiently and long to acquire the necessary knowledge of, and famili-
arity with the various subjects to which thought and investigation
are devoted. If these directions are followed and the student is
thoro, the mastery of the art will be acquired in the shortest time
possible to learn Phonography.
/A O*
YB 36r^^
)c\j^
^
Vj
A^.
..^.: ^^\- .
^