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 GUIDE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 *0U of Ittaiu j 
 
 - a 
 
 SECOKO ED IT I < >\'. ft 
 
 | 

 
 FROM THE LIBRARY OF 
 DR. T. J. PETTIGREW 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 , rt 
 
 \^ 

 
 THE 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL 
 
 AND 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL 
 
 GUIDE 
 
 of 
 
 l.VTKM)KI> KOII TIIK r-iK OP TRAVRLLERS AN'T) TOURISTS, AMI OF 
 
 TIIOSK WHO, VISITING THIS KIN'S ISLAND AS SKA BATHING 
 
 OI.MITKRS, OR AS A CHKAP, PLKASANT, AND 
 
 (OVVKXIKJJT MARINK RKSIDKNCE, ARK 
 
 llKSIROl'- OF A SUCCINCT DKS- 
 
 CRIPTION OF IT. 
 
 ' Health in the breeze, retirement in the vale ; 
 Where moderation dwells, bath'd in the tide 
 Of vigorous ocean." 
 
 SECOND EDITJOK. 
 
 Douglas : 
 
 PHINTED AND SOLD By G. JEFFERSON; 
 
 BALDWIN, CRAI1OCK, AND JOY, LONDON j 
 E. WH.I.AV, LIVERPOOL. 
 
 1821
 
 at Stationer*'
 
 " Mi' VA ! I f ing. (be farourlte of heaven ; 
 That happy spot, that was of old ordain'd 
 To be the seat of modem bites ; where peace 
 For ever dwells, and fair prosperity, 
 Enthron'd, sits smiling on her golden shore-;." 
 
 A MAXES BARD. 
 
 AT the present time, the ISLE OF MAN pre- 
 sents itsdf to public notice in t*ro points of 
 view as a watering place as a residence to 
 such as are disposed to retire from the more 
 expensive circles of the three kingdoms. 
 
 It is almost an every day occurrence to see 
 
 many going to reside abroad for the purposes 
 
 of oRcotiomy, whilst it is not generally known 
 
 that that object may be attained at home, in a 
 
 A 2 ^/a-o-'^.l 
 
 c 45201
 
 central and very pleasant part of the empire. 
 In the Isle of Man, the comforts and luxuries 
 of life may be enjoyed at a very cheap rate. 
 To such as add to a plan of retirement a wish 
 to visit the world on the continent of Europe, 
 It is unnecessary to observe, that excepting its 
 insulated situation, it possesses advantages 
 more numerous than any other country. Their 
 plan we cannot presume to alter; but to the 
 English, Scottish, and Irish, who are desirous 
 of a convenient and cheap residence at home, 
 the following information is addressed. 
 
 This Island possesses a climate as agreeable 
 and much more equable in temperature than 
 the opposite coasts of England, Scotland, and 
 Ireland. It is generally under cultivation, and 
 is thickly populated. The language, the habits, 
 and the comforts, especially of the better ranks, 
 are entirely English. Except some trifling 
 imposts, it is entirely exempt from taxation. 
 The necessaries of life are plenty, of excellent 
 quality, and moderate in price. The luxuries 
 are in several instances two-thirds, and in 
 general one-third cheaper than in England,
 
 and all colonial produce is at a much lower 
 rate than there, or on the continent of Europe ; 
 even the continental wines may be had, of 
 excellent quality, at a price little exceeding 
 that paid for them in their native countries. 
 
 Hence, money will be found to go farther 
 here by more than a third, and, in some res- 
 pects, more than a half, than in England; 
 and people of small incomes may either enjoy 
 those elegancies of life, that habit and taste 
 have rendered necessary to them, or those of 
 larger property may save a provision for the 
 younger branches of their families, whilst the 
 money they spend will be circulated for the 
 general benefit of their native countries ; and 
 in a place so situated, that at any time they 
 can visit home with facility and convenience. 
 
 As a tour of pleasure, this fine Island ofl'ers 
 numerous attractions, especially to those of the 
 opposite shores, who wish to enjoy the recrea- 
 tion of a short summer excursion. Nor is it less 
 so to the lovers of the picturesque, for although 
 there is a want of woodland richness, its 
 scenery displays much insular grandeur .and ;
 
 VI 
 
 natural wildness. And the scientific tourist 
 ought by no means to pass it by. 
 
 To the invalid, whom prospects of amend- 
 ment are held out from a sea voyage and a 
 change of air, it is an object particularly worthy 
 of regard ; and for sea bathing and the purity 
 of its tide, it is unrivalled. The town of 
 Douglas is rising into distinction as a water- 
 ing place, and is frequented by crowds of visit- 
 ors, to ensure whose comfort, improvements 
 are daily going on. By means of steam boats 
 from Liverpool, the passage to the Island is 
 rendered safe, expeditious, and pleasant; and 
 there are communications by means of sail- 
 ing vessels between many other ports of the 
 surrounding shores. 
 
 Indeed it is surprising, that, situated as this 
 Island is, with all its privileges, in the midst of 
 the three kingdoms, it should have so long 
 remained unnoticed as offering all these advan- 
 tages. Accidental and erroneous impressions 
 regarding it have mainly contributed to this ; 
 but when the visitor finds that, instead of being 
 a bleak and barren rock, enveloped in mists,
 
 Vll 
 
 and inhabited by savage fishermen, the retreat 
 and sanctuary of men of broken fortunes, it 
 is a country covered by fertility, beautifully 
 diversified by hill and dale, possessed of all 
 the elegancies of life in abundance, and stocked 
 by an intelligent and happy population, his 
 prejudices vanish. He is satisfied that the 
 misconception arose from the operation of 
 its laws, which form a code the most original 
 and simple in Europe ; laws that were 
 upheld by the rigid reluctance of the natives 
 to admit of any change in ancient institu- 
 tions, which, if they were taken advantage 
 of by many visitors from the neighbouring 
 kingdoms, under circumstances that brought 
 odium on the Island, ought to be looked 
 upon more with the indulgence that charity 
 inspires, than with the censure that some 
 evil consequences dictated. These laws have 
 been annulled for years, and if thereby the 
 Island i a loser, by no longer being an 
 asylum for characters of the above description, 
 it is a gainer in the general estimation. To 
 some it may be interesting to add, that it pre*
 
 vin 
 
 sents the exemplification of a people to whom 
 the dangers of war are unknown, and to whom 
 preparations and expences for defence are but 
 a name; and who, under the protecting wing 
 of the mother country, enjoy their own legis- 
 lation and their own laws, in all the independ- 
 ence and security that the happiness of society 
 requires. 
 
 But the Island has at length begun to 
 emerge from the neglect that undeservedly 
 obscured it ; and as it is the resort of many, 
 and is likely to become so to a greater extent 
 every day, there can be little apology necessary 
 in offering the public, a succinct Guide to its 
 shores. Every possible exertion is making to 
 improve the accommodation of visitors, and 
 an attempt to direct their attention to objects 
 agreeable to their tastes, as well as useful to 
 their interests and .comfort, however humble 
 it is, cannot be undeserving of praise. 
 
 It will be the business of this little book, 
 after giving a descriptive view of the geogra- 
 phy of the Island, to guide the visitors to the 
 several objects that appear worthy of notice.
 
 THE 
 
 ISLE OF MAN 
 
 GUIDE. 
 
 SITUATION. FACE OF THE COUNTRY. 
 
 BY a reference to any map of Great Britain, 
 the position of the Isle of Man will be better 
 understood than by any description. In the 
 middle of the Irish sea, it appears a place of 
 central resort to those inhabitants of the neigh- 
 bouring shores, who are partial to the amuse- 
 ments of their native element the ocean. It is 
 about thirty miles in length, and above eleven 
 in breadth at its widest part, lying in a north- 
 easterly direction, between 54 and 54 a 30' of 
 north latitude, and in the 5th degree of west 
 longitude from London, and diminishes almost 
 to a point at both extremities. Its superficies has 
 beea calculated to contain upwards of 13O,OOO
 
 10 
 
 square acres, more than two-thirds of which 
 are under cultivation. The greatest part of the 
 sea boundary is formed by precipitous cliffs, 
 deeply and numerously indented with bays and 
 low estuaries. From this high shore, the arable 
 and thickly inhabited country undulates several 
 miles in hill, and dale, and ravine, to the base of 
 the chain of mountains that bisects the country 
 longitudinally near the middle of the Island. 
 From the mountains arise numerous rivulets that 
 fall by short courses eastward and westward 
 through the deep ravines, and narrow with- 
 drawing glens to the sea, watering and adorning 
 a fertile and picturesque, but thinly wooded, 
 country. 
 
 The mountains range from Brada-head on the 
 west, to Maughold-head on the eastern shore, 
 over about two-thirds of the length of the 
 Island, dividing it obliquely into two inequal 
 portions, denominated the Southern and Northern 
 districts. 
 
 South-westwards, from Brada and the narrow 
 neck of low land at its base, and opposite to Port 
 Erin bay, the Island does not much exceed a 
 mile in width, and extends in high ground 
 about a mile and a half to the tremendous 
 precipices of Spanish-head, where it terminates. 
 Beyond lies the Calf of Man, divided from the 
 main land by a narrow channel. In the middle 
 of this strait stands a low and turfy rock,
 
 11 
 
 named the Kitterland, on the south side of 
 which the rapid current of the tide, that has 
 been denominated the Race of the Calf, runs. 
 The Calf is an Island of a rounded form, rising 
 high and abrupt from the sea, and containing 
 about 600 superficial acres. 
 
 From the northern termination of the moun- 
 tains, the Island extends rich and champagne, 
 seven miles to the Point of Ayre, about fifteen 
 to twenty yards above the level of the sea, to 
 the inroads of which the clayey beach is con- 
 tinually yielding. The gravel thrown up at the 
 Point of Ayre is, however, in a small degree, 
 extending the Island in that direction. About 
 five miles from the base of the mountains, the 
 plain is intersected from sea to sea, by the low 
 sand hills called Ballachirrint ; there are also 
 some eminences of the same kind on the west- 
 ern coast. Excepting at the headlands, that 
 is to say, in all the bays and low grounds, the 
 boundaries of the Island terminate in a shore 
 of sand and pebbles. The lower part of the 
 precipitous walls of headlands are generally 
 submerged at all times in the sea. 
 
 Such is the general outline and appearance of 
 the Isle of Man. 
 
 MOUNTAINS. 
 
 THE individual appearance of the Manks moun- 
 tains is tame and rounded, and their altitude is
 
 12 
 
 low; but the outline of the whole is fine in 
 perspective. The principal amongst them is 
 Snafield, situated in the northern part of the 
 chain before described, which, by trigonometrical 
 measurement, is 2,004 feet above the level of 
 the sea. The conical mass of north Barroole, 
 which is 200 feet lower than Snafield, stands 
 on the north-east, and many other lower moun- 
 tains lie towards the west and north, which, 
 from sea to sea, all terminate abruptly, or in 
 rounded defiles on the alluvial plain of the 
 northern district just mentioned. From this broad 
 mountainous group, the chain is continued west- 
 wards and southwards, obliquely, across the 
 Island, but nearly in the same line, by Pen-y- 
 pot, Greeba, south Barroole, and their dependent 
 branches, to Brada-head, where it .terminates 
 in tremendous precipices that overhang the sea. 
 It diminishes in width and altitude as it ap- 
 proaches its southern termination, and is divided 
 about its middle, and nearly in a line between 
 the towns of Douglas and Peel, by a narrow 
 defile, hounded on the north-east by the rocks 
 of Greeba, and 'on the south-west by those of 
 Archolachan. These mountains are the Lord 
 of the Island's waste; they are covered with 
 heath and wet pasturage are strongly and 
 closely, though rudely, fenced from the cultivated 
 lands, and stocked as a common, by the natives, 
 with numerous flocks of sheep from all parts of
 
 13 
 
 the Island. They also contain vast quantities of 
 excellent turf, which annually supplies the country 
 people with fuel. 
 
 RIVERS. 
 
 No country is better watered the springs, 
 and, consequently, the rivulets are numerous, 
 and the water excellent. Every little ravine 
 has its stream ; but the waterfall being rapid, 
 and the ocean near at hand, the rivers are 
 short in their courses, and as variable in mag- 
 nitude as the falls of rain which supply them. 
 
 Sulby river is the largest : it is gathered on 
 the northern aspect of Snafield and the moun- 
 tains adjoining, and entering the alluvial plain 
 of the north by the glen of Sulby, takes an 
 easterly course along the base of the mountains, 
 and after running about nine miles, discharges 
 itself into the sea at Ramsey, its estuary form- 
 ing the harbour of that town. Douglas river 
 also runs towards the east. Its two principal 
 branches, the Dhoo and the Glas, or the black 
 and the grey, come from the mountains of 
 Marown and Braddan, and forming a junction 
 about a mile above Douglas, run into the sea 
 at that place. Peel river, on the west of the 
 Island, from the mountains of Michael and of 
 Patrick, takes a rapid course to its moutli ; 
 and that of Castletown may be noticed as 
 rising in south Barroole, and, after a southerly
 
 14 
 
 cotirse, joining the sea in Castletown bay. 
 Besides these, there is Santon rivulet, and Laxey 
 rivulet on the eastern shore, and many others 
 of smaller size They are all good trout fishing 
 streams ; and before the salmon trout were so 
 much destroyed by angling, that fish was caught 
 in sufficient quantities to form an article of ex- 
 portation. In the Dhoo, a muscle containing 
 large pearls was formerly found ; it still contains 
 a fish of that kind, thinly scattered, but no 
 pearls have been lately discovered. 
 
 TIDES. 
 
 THESE arrive in opposite directions. That 
 which washes the greatest part of the eastern 
 shore, flows northward, through St. George's 
 channel; that on the west, pours in southward, 
 from the Atlantic ocean, through the North 
 channel. In this manner the Irish sea is filled, 
 and the two tides meet at different points on 
 the coast. That from the north, rounding the 
 Point of Ayre, and occupying the Solway Firth, 
 meets that from the south in an oblique manner 
 off Maughold-head and the Cumberland coast ; 
 and a similar occurrence takes place on the 
 west, between the Manks land and the coast 
 of Ireland. The meeting of thesa two great 
 bodies of water produces, in many places, n 
 short and eddying sea; .and their effects in 
 weariog sinuosities and caverns in the iron
 
 15 
 
 bound shore, constitute some of the natural 
 curiosities of the country. The race- of the 
 Calf runs westward, through its narrow pass- 
 age, with a velocity that renders it extremely 
 dangerous, excepting for a short time whilst 
 it is quiescent during high water. Small 
 vessels can pass also at low water, but a pass- 
 age ought never to be attempted but in cases 
 of great necessity. At some other parts of the 
 coast, especially at the points of Langness and 
 Scarlett, the tide is very rapid. Except these and 
 the Chickens, and the rocks close in-shore, no 
 other danger besets the Manks coast. In all the 
 bays, the anchorage is good ; and if a position 
 too close in-shore is not taken up, there is no 
 danger of being embayed. A good look-out 
 and a good offing, is the maxim of every expert 
 seaman, even on coasts less rocky than those of 
 this Island j and if it is attended to, with the 
 assistance of the Lights on the Calf and the 
 Point of Ayre, the navigation is perfectly safe. 
 
 MINES AND MINERALS. 
 
 THE structure of the Island is simple. The 
 great mass of it consists of clay slate, fissile to 
 the north-east, with an inclination towards the 
 high grounds, and which, as it descends the 
 mountains, becomes more and more schistose, 
 until, at south Barroole, it furnishes slates fit 
 for covering houses. At Slieau-ny-glaugh, near
 
 16 
 
 Fox dale, south Barroole, and at Bhoon, on the 
 Laxey road, granite appears at the surface. 
 At Peel bay there is a rock of red sand stone; 
 and the country about Castletown consists of 
 limestone of excellent quality, where there is 
 also a deposit of black limestone of sufficient 
 fineness of grain to be worked as marble. All 
 these rocks are covered with an alluvial crust 
 of clayey soil, of various degrees of thickness, 
 through which, excepting in the sea cliffs 
 and at Greeba-rock, and a few points of very 
 limited extent, they never penetrate so as to 
 give the land a rocky aspect. In the lime- 
 stone districts, coal has been bored for with 
 some appearances of success. In this neigh- 
 bourhood there is marl, which mineral exists 
 very abundantly in the alluvial flat of the north. 
 It is there that the fossil bones of the gigantic 
 elk are found, embedded in shell marl, and 
 also vast quantities of turf and bog timber. 
 Copper ore is fount! at Brada, and there are 
 three lead mines in the mountains, one at Brada, 
 at Foxdale, and at Laxey. In the ore at the 
 latter place, a prportion of silver exists, suffi- 
 cient to render it an object worthy of separation 
 from the lead.* 
 
 * On this subject, consult DR. BURGER'S Survey, DR. MAC. 
 CUI.LOCII'S Western Isles, and Ma. OSWALD on the Stratir.cation 
 of Minerals.
 
 17 
 
 There are some saline and chalybeate spring* 
 in the country, but which have not been tried 
 an a medical way. 
 
 CLIMATE. 
 
 LIKK all insular climates, that of this Island 
 varies often from dry to wet, and may be de- 
 nominated moist; but only a small proportion 
 of days occurs in which some hours of exercise 
 in the open air may not be comfortably taken. 
 Fogs are not particularly prevalent, unless sea 
 fugs, of a partial and transitory nature, are taken 
 into account. In the generality of winters, the 
 thermometer ranges, for the most part, between 
 forty and fifty degrees, and seldom descends te 
 the freezing point, or if it does so., the frost 
 does not continue longer than a few days, and 
 as always much checked by winds from -the sea. 
 .Summer heat is also moderated by the sea 
 breeze, and in the shade, is found generally 
 between sixty and seventy degrees. It is by no 
 means uncommon for the night to be warmer 
 than the day. Hence, the winters arc mild 
 nnd open, and the temperature at all times, in a 
 very considerable proportion, is softer aod more 
 equable than in the neighbouring kingdoms. 
 it is, therefore, well suited fer those conditions 
 of health and constitution that are benefitted 
 fey such circumstances. In particular it may 
 be remarked, that consumption of the lungs is 
 B
 
 comparatively a rare disease, and occurs more 
 as the catarrh of old age, than the disease of 
 youth. Though the climate may be denomi- 
 nated moist, the atmosphere never stagnates. 
 The nature of the soil is such, that its produc- 
 tions are benefitted by more than usually frequent 
 supplies of rain. The open state of the weather 
 throughout the winter, clothes the fields with 
 the verdure of spring. The cattle are turned 
 out during the day, throughout most winters, 
 and in summer the crops are seldom or ever 
 later than in Cumberland and Westmorland, 
 sometimes considerably earlier. The effects of 
 the high winds that occasionally prevail, appear 
 to be modified by the saline impregnation they 
 carry along with them from the ocean. Those 
 who are possessed of acute sensibility, com- 
 plain of the winds, at all times, being cold, 
 though they are not so in reality. Rheu- 
 matism and inflammatory attacks, and cases 
 that partake of a spasmodic character, are 
 certainly the diseases from which the inhbit- 
 ants suffer most. There are no endemic dis- 
 eases, and at no point, excepting the curragh 
 marshes in the north, is the surface of the 
 country of a natufe to emit noxious nuasma. . 
 The myrtle, the arbutus, the fuchsia, the 
 verbina, the buddlea, the hydrangea, and other 
 exotics, flourish throughout the year, and ac- 
 quire a large size in well sheltered shrubberies.
 
 19 
 
 Even biennial mignonoette has been known to 
 Kve throughout the winter in the open garden, 
 and to blow in- ApriL The lovers of botany 
 and horticulture may, therefore, at a small ex- 
 pense, expect interesting results from the cul- 
 tivation of plants in the open air.* Some years 
 are of course much milder than others. The fol- 
 
 * The following n-ere ia Wow in Jamtary, 1824, in Castle 
 Mona Grounds 
 
 Nasturtium Ortuinale. 
 
 Uwurf 3t. John's Wort 
 
 Upright St. John's Wort 
 
 Heartsease Parwey. 
 
 White Violet. 
 
 Primrose, double. 
 
 Ditto Host upon Hose-. 
 
 Polyanthus. 
 
 Pink. 
 
 Carnations, clove tree, and 
 
 pickati. 
 Anemone. 
 
 Hellebore, Christmas Rose. 
 Purple Coronilla. 
 Rosemary. 
 Moon Trefoil. 
 Cineraria. 
 
 Yellow Everlasting. 
 Iry. 
 
 Lauristinus, two salts. 
 Arbutus, two sorts, in berry. 
 Myrtle, three sorts. 
 Hydrangea. 
 Spanish Broom. 
 Gum cistus. 
 
 Geranium Sangitineunt. 
 Pyrethrum, or Featherfew. 
 Roses of sorts, five. 
 Mallow, large flowering and 
 
 purple flowering. 
 Lavender Cotton. 
 Snap Dragon. 
 Antirrhinum, purple. 
 Ten weeks' stock, several 
 
 sorts. 
 
 llignonnette. 
 Hollyhock. 
 Rue. 
 
 Tangy Pea, 
 Wall-flower. 
 
 Broad leaved Periwinkle. 
 Marigold. 
 Chrysanthemum, three yellow, 
 
 one pink, and others. 
 Lupine, yellow, pink, and 
 
 bine. 
 Hepatica. 
 Great Daisy. 
 Whin. 
 And several others.
 
 20 
 
 lowing is a table of the weather for 1823, AvKich, 
 although the winter was much more than usually 
 severe, may be -taken as a fair average report. 
 
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 21 
 
 TOWNS AND POPULATION. 
 
 THERE are four towns ; Castletown, the capital 
 of the Island, Douglas, Peel, and Ramsey, be- 
 sides several villages, which will be particularly 
 noticed under the head Topography. 
 
 By a census taken in 1821, the Island con- 
 tains 40,081 inhabitants; twelve thousand of 
 whom dwell in the sea port towns, the greatest 
 proportion inhabiting the villages and hamlets 
 of the interior.. The minute division of pro- 
 erty, the smallness of the farms, and the number 
 of families supported by each, are the causes 
 of the superior density of the agricultural popu- 
 lation. Speaking generally, the Manks people 
 are a large square made, and hardy race, pos- 
 sessed of sagacious but heavily constituted minds, 
 more addicted to bodily ease and gratification 
 than to active industry ; to the executive govern- 
 ment, quiet and obedient; but in civil matters 
 and internal politics, shrewd, independent, and 
 very jealous of their rights and inimunities. 
 The language is a dialect of Celtic, but good- 
 English is universally in. use, and is making 
 rapid advances in the most retired glens and 
 valleys. 
 
 The lower orders will be found in. general 
 well clothed, well fed, well behaved, and well 
 looking. They are said to be somewhat over- 
 reaching, but this arises as much from a phlcg-
 
 matic manner, and an excess of caution, as 
 from any premeditated intention to deceive. 
 
 There are few paupers except in the towns. 
 In Douglas, especially, there is a proportion 
 fully equal to the population. There are no 
 poor rates, the poor being supported, as in Scot- 
 land, by collections at the parochial churches, 
 la Douglas, there are voluntary associations for 
 dispensing soup, and money, and medical assist- 
 ance, which have been in operation for some 
 years, and have nearly succeeded in suppressing 
 mendicity. 
 
 RELIGION, 
 
 THB established religion of the country is the 
 Church of England, and is superintended by a 
 clergy well qualiGed for the execution of their 
 important functions. 
 
 The Island is divided into seventeen parishes, 
 three of which are Rectories. The Bishoprick 
 is under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the 
 Archbishop of York ; and the patronage of it 
 and the parishes, belong to his Grace the Duke 
 of Atholl, Lord of the Isie. The Bishop ap- 
 points one Archdeacon, and two Vicar s' -general. 
 Meetings of the Christians denominated Metho- 
 dists and Independents are held in various places, 
 and there is a Roman chapel at Douglas. No 
 where is religious toleration more free or more 
 respected.
 
 SUPERSTITION. 
 
 THE uninformed Manks, like almost all island- 
 ers, are very superstitious ; and many, even to 
 this day, believe implicitly in fairies, and in 
 the good and ill they exercise towards frail 
 human kind. But this, as well as other beliefs, 
 is not often expressed in a disagreeable, ob- 
 noxious manner, although it certainly at times 
 influences the conduct of some; but it is 
 wearing out with the increase of knowledge. 
 
 AGRICULTURE. 
 
 IT has already been remarked, that the largest 
 proportion of the Island is under cultivation. 
 Although the agriculture is too much of the 
 ancient kind, yet improvement has made good 
 progress within the last thirty years, and many 
 parishes offer an active field of exertion in that 
 respect. The proprietors of small farms are too 
 generally satisfied to rear by the least industry 
 possible, a robust and contented family. 
 Some large ones, cultivated by enterprising a- 
 tives, or by farmers from England and Scotland^, 
 demonstrate the great capabilities of the soil, 
 when properly managed. Indeed it is surprising 
 to see what fine crops are raised by its natural 
 kindness, independent of inadequate labour. On 
 the small farms, and even on large ones m 
 flie ummproving districts, summer fallow, the
 
 most efficient method of cleaning the soil, is 
 not practised, and manure is so sparingly ap- 
 plied, that the creel is not unfrequently the 
 vehicle that carries it to the field. At present 
 the price of small farms is low, and conse- 
 quently rents are cheap. The gross rental of 
 the Island has been calculated at ^60,000 or 
 ,=70,000, annually. There is no singularity in 
 the crops grown here. There is, however, in 
 some degree, a singularity in the seed time of 
 the wheat crops; for, owing to the mildness 
 and open state of the weather in winter, this 
 season, and not the autumn, i* the time when 
 the wheat is committed to the soil. Their 
 value is, in a great measure, regulated by the 
 Liverpool market, where Manks wheat, of 
 good quality, follows that of English growth, 
 in the estimation of the purchaser* 
 
 ANIMALS. 
 
 THE domestic as well as the wild animals of 
 the country, are the same as those of the op- 
 posite shores, but they are much smaller than 
 in England, arising, to a certain extent, from 
 the wild and careless manner of feeding and 
 rearing them. The horses though small, are 
 active and hardy, and often well made j some 
 good draught horses of a large breed are reared, 
 but first rate kinds, both for saddle and harness 
 re imported. The mutton from the mountains
 
 25 
 
 is proverbially small and high flavoured. The 
 wool is coarse, but the breed of sheep is im- 
 proving in that respect, in the low grounds. 
 Goats were formerly numerous, but they are 
 by no means so now. The ornithologist will 
 find abundance of scope for his amusement 
 among the numerous kinds of sea fowl that 
 flutter and scream on every shelving cliff. The 
 oily puffin no longer inhabits the rocks of the 
 Calf; why it has preferred those of Wales and 
 Ireland, noust he left to the suppositions of the 
 curious. In former ages Uie Island was famous 
 for its breed of falcons, and they are still to 
 be found in the most retired and inaccessible 
 precipices. The partridge and land game would 
 be plenty, were it protected properly. As it 
 is, woodcock and snipe are sufficiently abundant. 
 The breed of grouse, once inhabitants of the 
 mountains, has been extinguished. Pheasants 
 have been introduced within these few years, 
 and if secure in their retreats, promise to thrive 
 well. The Calf and other parts are noted for 
 the supply of wild rabbits they afford, and in 
 such numbers that their fur is an object worthy 
 the attention of any one who understands the 
 management of such creatures. It is worthy 
 of remark, that neither the fox nor any qua- 
 druped of prey is a native? nor are reptiles, 
 that are considered noxious, known. 
 The fish found in the surrounding seas are
 
 20 
 
 of numerous varieties ; vast shoals of the finest 
 herring make their appearance on the coast in 
 July, and continue till October or November. 
 They first appear on the Peel side, where they 
 continue till teptember, about which time they 
 come round to the east coast, full of roe. The 
 latter is the spawning ground. The herrings 
 taken on the west coast are much finer fish, 
 larger, fatter, and in good season for the table. 
 The other fish on the coast, in the summer 
 or herring season, are mackrel, turbot, skate, 
 and eels. In the other seasons, the fishing banks 
 on the east coast afford a plentiful supply of grey 
 cod, soles, turbot, skate, and flounders j red 
 cod is also caught in the bays. During the 
 winter, whiting, and whiting-pollock or block- 
 ings, are taken in great abundance in Douglas 
 bayj and haddock off Peel bay. Great quan- 
 tities of the dog-fish or gobbock are also taken. 
 The halibut, conger-eel, gurnet, crabs, and lob- 
 sters, oysters, scollops, shrimps, and many others 
 of a more rare and less useful kind, are fre- 
 quently met with. 
 
 TRADE, &c. 
 
 THE Herring fishery has long been considered 
 the staple of the country. The number of 
 herring boats exceeds three hundred, each of 
 which is upwards of twenty tons burden. 
 From 20,000 to 30,000 barrels of fish are ex-
 
 27 
 
 V 
 
 ported annually, and it hns been calculated from 
 15,000 to 20,OOO kept to stock the country, in- 
 cluding fresh fish. In the summer, the fishery 
 employs 3,OOO to 4,OOG people ; it is thought to 
 the detriment of agriculture, because it is the ca- 
 pital of the farmer, and the agricultural labourers 
 thai are so employed. Hat there is evidently a 
 sufficient supply of hands, if properly directed, 
 to meet the demands of both these interests. 
 Herrings are the only fish that form an article of 
 exportation, lobsters perhaps excepted. Besides 
 herrings, the exportation of corn and cattle of 
 all kinds, to England, is very considerable;* 
 in return for which, coals, colonial produce, 
 broad cloths, aad calicoes, are imported. Wool- 
 len cloths, leather, paper, candles, soap, and 
 linen, are manufactured in small quantities. 
 The latter especially, offers an advantageous 
 employment for the surplus population. The 
 importation of foreign and colonial produce is 
 by law exclusively confined to the port of 
 Douglas. 
 
 GOVERNMENT, &c. 
 
 THIS beautiful Island is ruled by a Governor 
 and Captain General, under the British crown, 
 
 * Expert, 1823. Wheat, 7,449 quarter* ; Barley, 2M ; OaU, 
 
 1,236. Six thousand quarters of Wtuwt may be considered 
 
 the average.
 
 28 
 
 or in his absence, by a Lieutenant-Governor; 
 assisted occasionally by his Council, and the 
 Judges of the land ; and on affairs of polity 
 and legislation, the House of Keys, consisting 
 of twenty-four of the chief landholders of the 
 country, who are elected by their own body, 
 as vacancies occur from death or resignation,* 
 are convened as the Representatives of the 
 people. These two, the Governor in Council, 
 and the House of Keys, constitute the Legis- 
 lature, and the laws they enact, having receiv- 
 ed the approbation of the King, and having 
 been published by proclamation on the Tyn- 
 wald hill, according to ancient usage, become 
 statutes of the land.f Conjoined together, they 
 also, with the assistance of a Jury, form a 
 criminal Court of General Gaol Delivery, J in 
 which their judgment is subjected to royal con- 
 firmation ; and separately, they are Judges in 
 two distinct Courts of Justice. The former is 
 
 * The names of two gentlemen of landed property are sent 
 in to the Governor, or Lieutenant^Governor, who nominates one 
 of them to fill the vacancy, 
 
 t For the Statutes of the Island, consult JBFFKRSOV'S Laws 
 of the Isle of Man, and MILLS on the same -subject. . 
 
 j It has been lately questioned, whether the Keys are a con- 
 stituent part of a Court of General Gaol Delivery ; or whether 
 they are not present only at the pleasure of the Governor, and 
 summoned hy him to assist him in the interpretation of the law 
 and custom of the country, if he requires it-r-a relic of tle, 
 ancient breast law.
 
 Thancellor of the Court of Chancery, which, 
 besides its own particular business, hears ap- 
 peals in civil causes, from the judgment of the 
 Deemsters or Judges of the land, in their own 
 special Courts. The latter is a Court of Appeal 
 only, and gives a verdict on cases brought up 
 from the Courts of Common Law, where the 
 Deemsters also preside. An appeal from both 
 lies with the King in Council. 
 
 The other Courts of Justice of the Island, 
 are the Ecclesiastical Courts, and those of the 
 two Deemsters, the Courts of Common Law, 
 and the Courts of the chief Magistrates of 
 towns. The Baronial Courts are distinct from 
 those of government, and belong to his Grace 
 the Duke of Atholl, as seignoral Lord of Man. 
 
 Excepting the Bishoprick, which is a Barony, 
 all the other Baronies of the Isle, of which 
 there were four or tive, are dormant or forgot- 
 ten. Each parish is divided into treens, an 
 ancient division similar to a Barony. Each 
 trcen contains three or more quarterlands, 
 which are farms or divisions of land, varying 
 in size, from under one hundred to upwards 
 of rive hundred acres, each paying a quit-rent 
 or fee to the seignoral Lord of the Isle. 
 
 The executive government is solely vested in 
 the Governor, who appoints magistrates to pre- 
 serve the peace of every parish, denominated 
 Captains of Parishes ; and to protect that of every
 
 town, those called High Bailiffs ; the latter are 
 assisted by their Constables j the former by 
 men, four in every parish, enrolled according 
 to ancient usage, and by the ancient parochial 
 yeomanry. 
 
 Besides the above civil divisions of the Island, 
 the country is arranged for judicial purposes- 
 into two districts, the Northern and the Southern, 
 which are respectively placed under the juris- 
 diction of the two Deemsters or Judges, ap- 
 pointed by the Crown. These again are 
 subdivided into six Sheadings, or small Sheriff- 
 doms, to each of which the Governor annually 
 appoints a Coroner ; an officer that conjoins the 
 duties of a Constable, a Coroner, and many of 
 those of a Sheriff in England, and who, each in 
 hisown sheading, is the active organ of the 
 Deemsters Courts. Besides the above named, 
 there are several other inferior offices and offi- 
 cers, as well civil as ecclesiastical. 
 
 Except the ancient kind of militia above- 
 mentioned, as furnished by each parish, there 
 is BO local military establishment in the Island, 
 but there is always a company or two of 
 Veterans, or troops of the line, to assist the 
 executive government. 
 
 REVENUE, 
 
 THIS is of two kinds. That arising from his 
 Majesty's Customs on the imports and exports of
 
 31 
 
 the country; and that which is imposed on 
 wheeled carriages, dogs, and public-houses, by 
 the local Government. The former exceeds the 
 expenditure by several thousand pounds annually. 
 Unlike this Island, few of the dependencies 
 on the British crown can boast of being no 
 expence to the mother country. The produce 
 of the latter does not far exceed two thousand 
 pounds a year, and Is solely expended in keeping 
 the high roads and bridges in repair. In doing 
 this, the disbursements are regulated by a Com- 
 mittee of the Legislature. The system of MR. 
 M 'ADAM has been universally adopted ; and the 
 roads are becoming more and more excellent 
 every day. 
 
 There is at present a treaty on foot for the 
 purpose of commuting the Tithes into a fixed 
 revenue. The project gives universal satisfaction 
 and bids fair to prove a blessing equally to the 
 
 governors and to the governed. 
 
 i 
 
 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES. 
 
 THE early history of the Manks nation is a 
 good deal involved in uncertainty. In its ex- 
 ternal affairs, it seems uniformly to have been 
 regulated, for the time being, by the nation that 
 gained the ascendancy in the surrounding seas; 
 and in its individual history, by that of the 
 family which became possessed of the sovereignly. 
 Hence the changes of the executive government
 
 32 
 
 have been nearly as numerous as the va|cillations 
 of dominion amongst the surrounding nations 5 
 but it has always preserved its original laws and 
 primitive forms of government unimpaired, by 
 means of passive obedience to external politics 
 and power. 
 
 In the earliest ages, when the surrounding 
 countries were subdivided into hundreds of petty 
 kingdoms, and when every one possessed of 
 government and command, however limited, was 
 denominated a Conyng, or King, Man appears- 
 to have been also independent. As their present 
 language demonstrates, the aboriginal inhabitants 
 were of the stock of ancient Britons ; and many 
 of the Drnidal relics of that people still exist in 
 the country. It is certain, that in the first 
 ages, this Island participated with Anglesea, in 
 beitig a favourite abode of the Druids. In 
 SACIIEVERELL'S History, it is quoted from ancient 
 authors, that the persecution of DIOCLESIAX 
 caused many Christians to retire out of Brit. tin 
 to this Island. OKOSICS, who wrote about the 
 fifth century, says, that it was inhabited by Scots, 
 a predatory people, who most probably owed 
 their origin to bands, retiring before the Roman 
 and Saxon invaders, into wilds and difficult 
 retreats. Venerable BKDE informs us, that 
 EDWIN, one of the first Saxon Kings that em- 
 braced Christianity, and King of Northumberland, 
 added Anglesea and Man to his dominions by
 
 wnqucst, in the beginning of the seventh cen- 
 tury; and that this Island at that period only 
 contained three hundred families, from which 
 paucity of inhabitants it is to be concluded, that 
 in tln>se days the sovereignty of the Island can 
 only have been a kind of j>atriarchal authority. 
 In the tenth century it was taken possession of 
 by the Danes at the time they molested the 
 coasts of Britain. From that period, it is certain, 
 there were Kings of Man. After they had 
 reigned about a hundred years, the Danish line of 
 Kings was overcome by the Norwegians, and the 
 Island was governed by Kings under the crown 
 of Norway, who, in their turn, were expelled by 
 ALEXANDER of Scotland, in the thirteenth cen- 
 tury. About twenty years after this conquest, 
 the Island was surrendered by Scottish Commis- 
 sioners to EDWARD, King of England ; and after 
 passing through the SCROOPE and MONTACUTE 
 families, was granted to the house of STANLEY, 
 in the beginning of the fifteenth century ; whose 
 successors are still in possession of the seignoral 
 and manorial rights. Excepting within the last 
 half century, the history of the internal policy of 
 the Island, is, in a great measure, traditional ; 
 and this is not the place to enter on the subject.* 
 
 ' Consult C\MBN'S Britannia, SAfHBVBRBLi.'s History of the 
 Ule of Man; FKLTIHH, ROBINSON, WOODS, and BUU.OCK. 
 
 c
 
 34 
 
 With regard to antiquities, excepting Peel 
 Castle and Castle Rushen, none of any magni- 
 tude exist. But many of a kind that are the only 
 remaining indications that mark the early ages 
 of Manks history, and which are very interesting 
 to antiquaries, are to be found ; such as barrows, 
 Druidale circles, watch and ward posts, fortified 
 hills, circular encampments, runic pillars, with 
 inscriptions, and other monumental stones, the 
 enumeration of which would lead too much into 
 detail. The improvements of modern agriculture 
 are causing many, especially of the first named, 
 to disappear. Some of them will be pointed out 
 in the excursions to the different parts of the 
 Island, subsequently to be described.* 
 
 ARMORIAL ENSIGN. 
 
 IT is said that the ancient armorial bearing 
 of the Island was a ship, but the arms are now, 
 and have been for five centuries, Gules, three 
 armed legs, proper or rather argent, conjoined 
 in fess at the upper part of the thigh, fleshed 
 in triangle, garnished, and spurred topaz. 
 
 The arms of the Bishopric are, on three as- 
 cents ; the Virgin Mary, her arms extended 
 between two pillars, on the dexter, a church 
 iu base, the ancient Arms of Man. 
 
 * On this subject, consult the Transactions of the Society of 
 Scottish Antiquaries, vol. II.
 
 35 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE. 
 
 His Excellency the Most Noble John, Duke of 
 Atholl, Governor-in-Chief and Captain General. 
 
 Secretary to his Grace, James Quirk, Esq. 
 
 The Honorable Cornelius Smelt, Lieut. -Governor. 
 
 Secretary to his Honor, George Quirk, Esq. 
 
 COUNCIL. 
 The Hon. and Rt. Rev. Geo. Murray, Lord Bishop. 
 
 Robert Steuart, Esq. Receiver- General. 
 His Majesty's Attorney-General, Jas. Clarke, Esq. 
 - In his absence, James Quirk, Esq. 
 
 George Quirk, Esq. Water Bailiff. 
 
 J. M'Hutchin, Esq. Clerk of the Rolls. 
 
 Rev. D. Mylrea, Archdeacon. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Cubbon, ~ _, 
 
 MT-Mi- r n- f Vicars General. 
 
 William Roper, Esq. 
 
 John Bell, Esq. Clerk of the Council. 
 
 J. Christian, Esq. his Majesty's Southern Deemster. 
 J. J. Hey wood, Esq. his Majesty's Northern Do. 
 Robert Kelly, Esq. Castletown, ^ 
 
 James Quirk, Esq. Douglas, I , 
 
 T i 11 i i, I />Hu?h Bailiffs 
 
 John Llewellyn, Esq. Peel, j 
 
 Thos. Ar. Corlett, Esq. Ramsey, J 
 /Seneschal to the Lord of the Manor, J. Quirk, Esq. 
 Secretary to the House of Keys, J. Llewellyn, Esq. 
 Regulator of Weights and Measures, J. Kelly, Esq. 
 Agent to his Grace the Duke of Atholl, and Lord 
 Bishop's Proctor, James M 'Crone, Esq. 
 c 2
 
 MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF KEYS. 
 
 MEMBERS WHEN ELECTED RESIDENCE. 
 
 1 1 on. M.Wi Iks, Speaker 181G .... Kirby. 
 
 J. C. Curwen, . July, 1777 Workington-Hall, 
 
 George Quayle, Aug. 1779 . . Castletown. 
 
 Edward Gawnej Aug. 1803 . Mount-Gawne. 
 
 Robert Quayle, Dec. 1804 . . Castletown. 
 
 W. Cuninghame, Nov. 1805 . . -Castletown. 
 
 John Moore, . Sept. 1805 . v . . Hills. 
 
 John Quane, . Deer. 1808 . . . Douglas. 
 
 John Hughes, . June, 1811 . . . Ballaugh. 
 
 John Llewellyn, Sept. 1812 ..... Peel. 
 
 J. C. Gelling, . Jany, 1813 
 W.L.Drinkwater,Mar. 1814 
 
 C. Heywood, . 
 Capt. Quilliam, 
 John C. Crellin, 
 General Goldie, 
 Thos. Harrison, 
 Csesar Tobin, . 
 Wm. Farrant, . 
 Anth. Dunlup, 
 Wm. Bridson, . 
 John Lucas, 
 
 June, 1815 
 July, 1817 
 
 , 1817 
 
 , 1818 
 
 Aug. 
 July, 
 
 . . Douglas. 
 
 . . Douglas. 
 
 . Glencruchery. 
 
 . , Ballakilley. 
 Castletown. 
 
 . . Nunnery. 
 1819 Woodbourn Lodge. 
 1819 .... Middle. 
 
 . . Ballamoar. 
 . Ballakillev. 
 
 July, 1823 .... Ragget. 
 July, 1823 . . Knockrushen. 
 R. Cuninghame, Esqrs. 1824 . . Castletown. 
 
 BANKERS. 
 
 Messrs. Henry Holmes & Sons . . . Douglas. 
 3E. Gawne, Castletown. L. M'Whannell, Ramsey.
 
 CAPTAINS OF PARISHES. 
 
 PARISHES. 
 
 Kirk Patrick . . 
 Kirk German . . 
 Kirk Michael . . 
 Ballaugh . . . 
 Jurby .... 
 Kirk Andreas . f . 
 Kirk Bride . .. V 
 Lexayre .... 
 Kirk Maughold . 
 Kirk Loiiiui 
 Kirk Onchan . . 
 Kirk Braddn . . 
 Kirk Marown . . 
 Kifk Santon . . 
 Kirk Malew . . 
 Kirk Arbory , . 
 Kirk Christ Kushen, 
 
 NAMKS. RESIDENCE. 
 
 J. Gelling . Ballacosnahau. 
 James Cowle . . . .Peel. 
 John Wade . . Injebreck. 
 J Hughes Ballamona-moar. 
 W Farrant . . Ballamoar. 
 11. Allen . . Ballavarrey. 
 W. Christian . Ballayonnage. 
 J. Corlett Loughun-e-yeigh. 
 W.Christian . Claughbane. 
 G. Tate . . . Ballamenagh. 
 
 James Banks 
 Ctesar Tobin 
 W. Karran . 
 T. Bre^ . 
 John Lncas 
 M. Daw son . 
 
 Howstrake. 
 . . Middle 
 . Ballingan. 
 
 ? . Arragon. 
 
 Knockrushen. 
 
 . Bell Abbey. 
 
 E. Gawiie, Esqrs. Mt. Gawne. 
 
 NOTARIES PUBLIC. 
 
 J. C. Gelling, Douglas. Rich. Quirk, Castletown. 
 VV.L. Drinkwater, Do. Kobt. Kelly, Do. 
 John Burrow, Do. W.Kiasack, Ramsey, Vice- 
 
 James Quirk, Do. Con.forSweden&Norway. 
 
 W. H, Carrinyton, Do, J. Christian, Ramsey. 
 
 -CHIEF CONSTABLES. 
 
 Xhos. K.-Nran, Castletowo. John Calcy, Ramsey. 
 . Cleator^ Douglas. Chas. Morrison,
 
 TOPOGRAPHY. 
 
 HARBOURS* HEADS, AND BAYS, 
 
 ARE always objects of great moment, in a 
 country situated as this is, in a channel that is a 
 thoroughfare of trade and navigation. There are 
 four principal towns, Ramsey, Douglas, and 
 Castletown, on the eastern shore, and Peel, on 
 the western. To begin with the eastern coast. 
 It has already been remarked, that the Point of 
 Ayre, a tract of low land diminishing to a point, 
 and only a few feet above the level of spring 
 tides, constitutes the northern extremity of the 
 Island. Here a Light-house stands, about six 
 hundred and fifty feet from the sea an elevated, 
 elegant, and highly useful structure. 
 
 Immediately south from it, the first bay on the 
 eastern coast is that of Ramsey, the largest in the 
 Island, being about five miles wide and nearly 
 two deep inland. It affords safe and excellent 
 anchorage during westerly winds, to the largest 
 elass of vessels. The harbour of Ramsey admits 
 only of vessels of 10O tons, at spring-tides. At 
 Port-league, on. the south, side of the bay, inside
 
 39 
 
 of Maughold-head, a harbour might be con- 
 structed at a very moderate expence, for a work 
 of such magnitude, capable of receiving at all 
 times large fleets of heavy vessels. The 
 land, on the- middle and north of the bay, con~ 
 sists of flats and low undulations, presenting low 
 alluvial cliffs of sand and clay, towards the sea; 
 On the south-west, it is bounded by Maughold- 
 head, and the acclivity of the north termination 
 of tiie mountains in the middle of the Island. 
 
 Maughold-head is an angular looking hill; 
 about four hundred feet high* insulated or de- 
 lached from the mountain chain for a short 
 distance, by a narrow valley of cultivated ground. 
 Hence it is precipitous towards the sea, and 
 slopes inland. From its projecting into the sea, 
 the Island- acquires a considerable encrease in 
 width at this place, and the rocky coast continues 
 for upwards of twenty miles to the south-west, 
 in nearly the same parallel line, bold and pre- 
 cipitous, but much indented by bays, and by 
 creeksj formed by rivulets. 
 
 The creek called Cornay, about two miles, south' 
 from Maughold-hcad, is the estuary of a rivulet, 
 and is frequented by< boats loaded with limestone, 
 &c. The shore, on both sides of: Laxey bay, 
 which is six. miles south, is known by the preci- 
 pjces being the highest of 'any on this part of the- 
 ooast, from its being less interrupted by indent- 
 ations, and closely backed by a continuation of-.
 
 40 
 
 the mountainous land in the interior. There Is 
 no quay at Laxey. The herring boats that 
 enter the mouth of the rivulet are drawn uj) OH 
 the beach. The bay is about a mile iu. diame- 
 ter, and is good anchoring ground. 
 
 The headland to the south, is Clay-head, It 
 projects a little beyond the general line of coast. 
 Banks' -howe, the north boundary of Douglas 
 bay, is adjacent, and in the same line, but sepa- 
 rated from it by the indentation formed by the 
 estaary of Kirk Onchan rivulet, which is dis- 
 charged at Groudal. These headlands are some- 
 what elevated above the surface of the lands that 
 lie back from them, and have no appearance of 
 being a continuation of the mountains in the 
 interior. Douglas bay is bounded on the south 
 by the headland of the same name; .it is about 
 eleven miles from Maughold-head, and nearly 
 in the middle of the eastern coast of the Island, 
 about two miles in breadth, aud one and a half 
 in depth, and affords good shelter to vessels 
 during .gales from the southwest, west, north- 
 west, and north. Douglas harbour is an excellent 
 one for its size, and admits vessels drawing from 
 twelve to sixteen, and even eighteen feet of 
 water. It lies immediately within Douglas-head. 
 To vessels coming from the southward, the har- 
 bour light opens to view at south-east, and 
 to the right of the mouth of the harbour. 
 About a quarter of a mile from the shore,
 
 3s the small rock called Saint Mary's, OP 
 Connister. It i$ always visible, excepting 
 about two hours during high water. The best 
 anchorage is between it ami the headland, a 
 space -of about a quarter of a mile in extent, 
 where there is a buoy for warping out of har- 
 bour; but large vessels generally keep a good 
 deal on the outside of it. 
 
 Fort Sodcpiek, a small bay of little depth, lies 
 about three miles distant from Douglas: it is 
 anchoring ground, but has no harbour. It re- 
 ceives a rivulet, and is bounded on thy south by 
 San ton-head. 
 
 The three headlands, Clay-head, Douglas-head, . 
 and Santon-head are so much alike in appearance 
 at sea, especially to those making the shore from, 
 the southward, that it is not uncommon to mis- 
 take the one for the other, when the ndjaceut. 
 low grounds are not distinctly seen ; and thus 
 the harbour is missed, and a tide lost. A Tower 
 lias been erected on Douglas-head, in order to 
 distinguish it from the others ; and it may be 
 observed that it rises more abruptly from the 
 back, grounds round Douglas, thaa Clay-head 
 or Santon-head does from the high grounds in 
 their neighbourhood. Hence the inland accli- 
 vity of the headland itself, is less gradual than 
 That of the others, and rises in an insulated manner 
 to a greater height above the surrounding land. 
 
 About two miles from Saotoa-headj the creek
 
 42 
 
 of Grenack, formed by the estuary of a small" 
 river of that name, occurs. It is a beach fre- 
 quented only by sm-all boats. A mile and a half 
 further, Kirk Santon river opens into the sea, 
 a rocky ami precipitous estuary, having no beach, 
 but there is good anchorage opposite, in Derby- 
 haven bay, in all westerly winds. The bay or 
 harbour called Derbyhaven, and the low point of 
 land of Langness, or Langless, are two of the 
 most imp6rtant points on the coast. Langness is 
 a low and projecting peninsula, of a triangular 
 shape, formed by the influx upon the low land of 
 Derbyhaven bay on the east, and of Castletown 
 bay on the south-west. 
 
 Derbyhaven is a circular basin, about half a mile 
 in diameter, the entrance to which is a narrow 
 opening on the east. It is protected on all sides, 
 and is an excellent lee-shore asylum for all vessels 
 that take the beach k There is no quay or pier 
 here; but it has been calculated that ^20,000 or 
 ^30,000 would make it one of the finest places 
 of refuge, or for any purpose, in the channel. To 
 vessels out of Liverpool, put back by adverse 
 winds, such a port would be a great and important 
 accommodation. The entrance is lighted during 
 the months in which the herring fieet is out, by 
 a- wooden light-house, erected on the round tower 
 called Fort Derby, on the low point that forms 
 the seaward boundary of the bay. 
 
 The cliffs* forming the bold shore from Maugh-
 
 old-hea:I to this place, vary from one to [three 
 hundred feet in elevation. Southwards, to Port- 
 le-Mary, a distance of about four miles, the 
 shore undergoes a considerable change. Though 
 still rocky, it becomes so low as seldom to ex- 
 ceed twenty feet above the level of the sea, 
 and is often much less. It is very rugged 
 and indented, especially about Langness Point 
 and Castletown bay. The former projects ob- 
 liquely, seaward, nearly half a mile beyond the 
 general line of coast. Some of its outermost 
 rocks are covered at high water, and close up to 
 them the sea is of great depth, and a powerful 
 current and ripple of tide runs past them. Owing 
 to these causes, and the lowness of the land, 
 the heaviest vessels have been wrecked in the 
 darkness of the night, by unexpectedly striking 
 here, under a press of sail. About the middle of 
 the peninsula, a tower has been erected as- a 
 landmark, in order to render the land more- 
 readily distinguishable - r but it is much better to 
 depend upon the Calf lights. By keeping both 
 these open to view,, when passing this coast, all 
 danger is avoided. 
 
 Castletown bay, that adjoins Langness on the 
 south-west, is^ a deep, rocky, and dangerous 
 indentation-, about two miles wide, and three 
 deep. Many of the rocks in it are covered at 
 high water. The harbour is small and rocky, 
 and is never attempted as a place of refuge,.
 
 or should it ever be made for at night by strange 
 vessels. The water in the harbour, during neap 
 and spring-tides, varies from five to fourteen feet 
 in. depth. 
 
 The acuminated Stack of Scarlet Point, forms 
 the south-west termination of this bay, where 
 a strong and deep current of tide also passes 
 to the northward. Rounding it, Puolvash, or 
 Port-le-Mary bay sweeps to the westward. It 
 is nearly three miles v/ide, and there is a rock 
 in the middle of the bay, which is covered at 
 high water.. T-he anchorage is considered bad, 
 and is seldom come to but in cases of necessity. 
 
 In the western angle, on the boundary, at the 
 foot of the hjgh grounds that extend to Spanish- 
 head, lies the village of Port-le-Mary, the har- 
 bour of which is excellent for its size, and admits 
 vessels of 50 or CO tons burthen. 
 
 From this harbour to the Calf, the high pre- 
 cipices of Spanish-head occupy the shore. The 
 shores of the Calf are equally precipitous ; and 
 in consequence of the Chickens, and other rocks 
 near them, a vessel should always keep a good 
 offing here. There is no shelter ou the coast, 
 and the passage of the Race of the Calf is, at 
 best, very dangerous. On some emergencies, 
 however, it has been taken with success. The 
 Calf is highest on the western side, where the 
 perpendicular precipices cannot be less than four 
 hundred feet in height, by computation. From
 
 'this elevation, eastward, it slopes considerably, 
 but unequally : and in some parts is capable 
 of bearing good crops of grain. Here there 
 is a _ small stream, and a good farm house 
 and offices. On the southern edge of its pre- 
 cipitous shores, stand the two Light-houses, 
 which are very elegant buildings, and hav 
 been of the greatest service of late years to 
 the shipping in the channel. Opposite to them, 
 and a mile and a quarter from the high pre- 
 cipices, are the low, pointed, partly sunken, 
 and dangerous rocks, called the Chickens ; and 
 a few fathoms from the eastern shore, stand the 
 acuminated rocks, known by the name of the 
 Stack and Eye of the Calf. 
 
 Rounding the south extremity of the Island, 
 the western coast presents a perpendicular wall, 
 about two hundred feet high, almost in a straight 
 line from the Calf to Port Erin bay, a distance of 
 two miles. 
 
 Port Erin is a small bay, about half a mile 
 in diameter; bounded on the south, by the 
 precipices just mentioned; on the north, by 
 those of Brada-head, which are of great mag- 
 nitude, and overhang the sea. Opposite the 
 middle of the bay, the land lies low. These 
 circumstances give it a picturesque appearance. 
 The sides are rocky, but ia the centre there is a 
 good beach. 
 
 From Port Erin to Peel, the coast continues
 
 46 
 
 rocky and precipitous ; but it is much more even, 
 and less indented, than the eastern coast. From 
 Brada-head to Dauby-point, distant five miles, 
 the coast, still precipitous, bends inland to some 
 extent, and forms what is called the Big bay, 
 which has an excellent beach, and affords the best 
 anchorage on this coast. Here the mountains ap- 
 proach very near to the shore. Four miles 
 farther is Contrary-head, formed by a projection 
 of the south end of Peel hill. Peel hill is an ob- 
 long and insulated eminence that runs along shore 
 about two miles. On its highest part, which is 
 upwards of five hundred feet, there is a Tower, 
 a good landmark. Towards the north, the hill 
 terminates in the small rocky Island on which 
 Peel Castle stands, and there forms the western 
 boundary of Peel bay, which is about three 
 quarters of a mile in diameter, and has a good 
 beach. 
 
 Inside of the Castle Island and the hill, 
 lies the town of Peel ; the harbour of which is 
 good, and is protected by a pier and light-house. 
 It receives vessels of 10O Ions burthen, at spring 
 tides, and the bay is resorted to during easterly 
 gales. On the north-east, the bay is terminated 
 by the rocks protruding into the beach ; hence 
 the shore continues rocky for nearly four miles ; 
 after which it becomes alluvial, presenting abrupt 
 faces of clay, sand, and gravel, in general from 
 thirty to forty yards high. It forms an uneven
 
 or bending line ; and the estuaries of the rivu- 
 lets cause little or no indentations. About ten 
 miles from Peel, one of the convex curves, which 
 it makes opposite the church of Jurby, is de- 
 nominated Jurby Point. From hence, the coast 
 takes a course E.N.E. to the Point of Ayre almost 
 in a straight line, by that means rapidly reducing 
 the Island to a narrow termination. 
 
 INTERCOURSE WITH THE SURROUNDING 
 COUNTRIES. 
 
 BEFORE steam vessels were introduced, the 
 communications of the Island were kept up by 
 means of sailing packets to Whitehaven, Liver- 
 pool and Dublin, which still continue to sail 
 frequently, and to carry on the whole trade of 
 the country. But it is by the steam packets 
 that visitors now make the passage. These 
 vessels were first established between Liverpool, 
 Douglas, and Greenock, by a Glasgow company, 
 in 1819. They carry nothing hut passengers and 
 luggage, horses and carriages. At present, in 
 the summer season, there are two packets ply- 
 ing, the Majestic, and the City of Glasgow, 
 each of which makes a weekly trip, starting 
 from Greenock and Liverpool, on Mondays and 
 Fridays. One leaves Greenock on Monday, at 
 12 o'clock, calls at Port Patrick, on passing in 
 <he evening, and arrives in Douglas bay, in this 
 Island, at from 4 to 6 o'clock in the morning,
 
 48 
 
 stops an hour to receive the Maiiks mail, and to 
 laud and take on board passengers, then proceeds 
 to Liverpool, nntl makes that port early in the 
 afternoon. The hours of the other, on Friday, 
 are the same.* 
 
 Last year, throughout the winter, one of the 
 vessels continued to make a weekly trip between 
 Liverpool and the Island with the mail; ami often 
 against wind, and tide, and storm, made hef 
 voyage with astonishing regularity and safety. 
 
 The appearance of these vessels is very fine ; 
 and being fitted up entirely for passengers, their 
 accommodations are elegant and most comfort- 
 able. They are worked, even in rough weather, 
 with the most astonishing precision ; and an 
 experience of five years has proved them worthy 
 of every possible confidence. 
 
 The commanders and the stewards give univer- 
 sal satisfaction > and the matrons that wait in the 
 ladies' cabins are humane, active, and attentive 
 women. The number of passengers between Li- 
 verpool and the Island, besides those for Scotland, 
 is often numerous ; and an early attention is, 
 therefore, necessary to secure a birth in the cabin. 
 But the passage being uniformly made during the 
 day time, and the deck spacious and pleasant, a 
 
 * The Albion, steam packet, has commenced plying, this 
 summer, three times a week, directly between the ports of 
 Douglas and Liverpool.
 
 49 
 
 bed, unless for invalids, is of the less importance. 
 The packet anchors inside of Douglas- head, a 
 few hundred yards from the pier, and frequently 
 when the tide answers, comes into the harbour. 
 The passengers are immediately brought ashore 
 with care and safety, by boats stationed for the 
 purpose j but it is proper to remark, that there is 
 sometimes a confusion, occasioned by a rush to 
 get into them ; and it is recommended, especially 
 if ladies are in the question, to wait till the hurry 
 is over. The landing boats are regularly num- 
 bered, and a constable is sent from the town on 
 board the packet, to regulate their coming along- 
 side; but when there is a disposition to irregula- 
 rity, unless his endeavours are seconded by the 
 passengers themselves, his utility, in contributing 
 to their safety and satisfaction, must be much 
 limited. 
 
 The trip from Liverpool, especially on a fine 
 day, is really delightful j except to a few, the 
 effect of the motion of the vessel, steadily directed 
 by powerful machinery, is much less than that 
 usually produced by the swell caused by the wind 
 and the tides in sailing packets. Every care is 
 taken to provide all kinds of refreshments. There 
 is music on board, and often the joyous throng 
 form themselves into circles of the most exhi- 
 larating description, 
 
 Whilst, like a meteor in its airy coarse, 
 The rapid bark speeds on its liquid way," 
 
 D
 
 On approaching the Island from the sea, the 
 lover of the picturesque will not fail to observe 
 the perspective presented by the chain of precipit- 
 ous headlands and retiring inlets of the coast, 
 backed by a fine outline of mountain. The bay 
 of Douglas requires only to be better wooded to 
 be one of the most beautiful in the channel ; its 
 two headlands, Douglas-head and Clay-head, are 
 distant from each other about two miles, and 
 its depth is upwards of one mile ; thus the bay 
 is a semicircle, nearly regular, flanked by t\v< 
 lofty precipices, and skirted all round by a shore 
 that rises suddenly by brows upwards of a hundred 
 and fifty feet high, into an elevated and cultivated 
 country, which, studded with hamlets and lively, 
 cottages, undulates to the base of the mountains, 
 five miles in the distance. In the centre of the 
 Bay stands Castle Monaj and on its southern 
 limb, under the headland, on the south, and the 
 high grounds on the west, lies the town of 
 Douglas, snug and compact, on the narrow tri- 
 angular space formed by the termination of the 
 valley, by which the river of the same name 
 flows into the sea.
 
 51 
 
 DOUGLAS 
 
 POSSESSES one of the best dry harbours in the 
 channel, and an elegant pier and light-house. 
 The streets, as in many old sea- port towns, are 
 somewhat irregular, crowded, and confused, but 
 contain many excellent and comfortable houses. 
 It contains upwards of 6,000 inhabitants, and is 
 a place of some bustle, the whole of the trade 
 and riches of the country centring here. The 
 shops are well furnished with all sorts of goods 
 and merchandize, more so, indeed, than is usually 
 the case in a country town of the same size. 
 It has a very neat Court House, wherein the 
 Deemster and the Vicar-General, of the southern 
 division, frequently hold their Courts. Chancery 
 Courts are also sometimes appointed to be held 
 here. The High-Bailiff holds his Court in the 
 Register Office of the Lord of the Manor. 
 
 Douglas is only in its infancy as a place of 
 public resort, and, therefore, possesses few public 
 buildings deserving of notice, the principal occu- 
 pation at present being to build houses and ne\v
 
 streets, for the accommodation of new residents; 
 of these Atholl-street, in the higher part of the 
 town, is spacious and handsome; and terraces 
 and cottages for sea bathing quarters are planned, 
 and going on rapidly, along the margin of the 
 bay. It must be added, that the town is not 
 lighted, except along the quay ; and is supplied 
 with water from carts, cried through the streets. 
 
 Besides the parish church of Braddan, a little 
 up the country, the town contains two chapels, 
 belonging to the established church, St. George's 
 and St. Matthew's, and several meeting houses of 
 different persuasions of Christians. There is a 
 National Free School, in which three hundred 
 children are educated ; and private seminaries, for 
 the education of young gentlemen and ladies, are 
 numerous. Amongst the objects worthy of notice 
 may be ranked the herring houses ; and a fleet of 
 a hundred or two of herring boats fluttering on 
 the coast, is a gratifying spectacle. 
 
 The Post Office is in Douglas, and hence all 
 letters, for the different parts of the Island, are 
 forwarded by runners twice a week in summer, 
 and once in winter. 
 
 THE PUBLIC BATHS 
 
 CONSIST of hot and cold sea water baths, shower 
 and vapour baths, fitted up in a neat and com- 
 fortable manner, which the proprietor is anxious 
 to make as agreeable to various tastes as possible,
 
 53 
 
 and spnres no expence to render as much assist- 
 ance to the valitudinarian as it is in the power of 
 bathing to afford. Bathing machines are also 
 provided in the bay, and at the Crescent. 
 
 THE MARKET 
 
 Is well supplied with all sorts of necessaries, 
 (see tables) mutton and veal are particularly 
 excellent. Fish is abundant, and a good dish may 
 almost always be had for a shilling, and often for 
 half the money. The sorts most common, be- 
 sides herrings, are white and red cod, rock cod, 
 whiting, and whiting pollock, haddock, skate, 
 soals, flounders, and turbot, mackrel and gurnet. 
 The first mentioned are abundant in their proper 
 seasons. None of the shell fish are abundant, 
 except crabs and lobsters 5 but oysters, scollops, 
 and shritns are aot altogether wanting. Lob- 
 sters are to too great an extent exported to the 
 Liverpool an-1 Dublin markets, so as often to, 
 cause a scarcity of them ; and oysters are fre- 
 quently imported from England and Ireland, for 
 the use of the curious in that fish. 
 
 House real and coals are certainly the highest 
 articles of expence j but by living in the country, 
 raising milk and potatoes, feeding a few sheep 
 and poultry, for the use of the house, families of 
 t-ight or ten, and even more numerous, live in the 
 utmost ease and abundance on a20O or 3QO per 
 annum ; some of them keeping a carriage as an.
 
 additional comfort. This appendage is subject 
 only to a tax of 5s. a wheel, and if not kept for 
 show, but worked by the horses of the farm, costs 
 little more than the value of the purchase money. 
 Milk is another article, the price of which is 
 sometimes complained of; and it is surprising 
 that an active competition in the market has not 
 been established in consequence j it would be 
 most useful. Goats' milk and asses' milk can 
 only be procured by making special enquiry 
 about them. 
 
 AMUSEMENTS. 
 
 THERE are public libraries* in Douglas, news- 
 rooms, and billiard-rooms, which, with several 
 other things, will be found enumerated in tables 
 at the end. The amusements of the inhabitants 
 are principally of a domestic kind, in the gay 
 round of social intercourse in all its forms. Of 
 course there are various classes of refinement and 
 taste in society. That of the best rates is in a 
 superior degree familiar with the elegancies of 
 life and of manners, more so than those in Britain 
 of equal expenditure and show ; and few of such 
 expend more than ^SOO a-year. This remark 
 
 * That which has been recently established by MB. JEFFERSON, 
 printer, Duke-street, is the first on the Island, for choice selection 
 and variety ; it contains double sets of all the Scotch novels and the 
 productions of all the popular and fashionable novelists of the age.
 
 55 
 
 does not apply to those possessed of large pro- 
 perty in the country. Fashions find their way 
 here rapidly from London, for which purpose 
 some tradesmen keep up a frequent intercourse 
 with houses there, as well as iu Liverpool. 
 
 Public dancing subscription assemblies are 
 occasionally held in the large new room. attached 
 to the British Hotel; and also card assemblies, 
 and clubs, and meetings of that kind, at that 
 house, and at HANJSY'B Hotel. There are some- 
 times theatrical amusements; but it must be 
 remarked, that the population is not a play going 
 one, and lias not hitherto afforded the encourage- 
 ment necessary for such establishments. Boating 
 and little excursions into the country are a 
 frequent source of amusement, to the active and 
 the young. At the Hotels and Inns, horses to 
 hire, and post-chaises can be had to any part of 
 the Island ou the shortest notice. A coach twice 
 a- week round the Island, was lately tried by Mr. 
 Dixox of the British Hotel, but it failed, travel- 
 ling in gigs and on boree-back being generally 
 preferred. 
 
 As happens ia all small communities of com- 
 pany, brought together by public resort, there is 
 sometimes some squabbling amongst parties, 
 which is a circumstance that must be reprobated ; 
 but this is what can be subjected to the manage- 
 ment and good sense of every person iadividually.
 
 5C 
 
 THE PIER 
 
 Is the principal promenade of the place, and it 
 is certainly a fine one, often the resort of much 
 beauty and fashion, and much enlivened by the 
 gaiety and bustle, which the arrival of company 
 by the steam-packets occasions. But there are 
 many other walks in the environs of the town. 
 
 ENVIRONS. 
 
 CROSSING the bridge at the head of the har- 
 bour, and turning to the left, the walk to the 
 top of the Head, called the Howe, affords some 
 views, which convey, with much accuracy, a 
 general idea of the town, and of the Island ; but ; 
 fhe foot path cannot be spoken of in terms of 
 praise. On this walk we pass Fort Anne, the 
 residence of Deemster CHRISTIAN, picturesquely 
 situated on the high ground, at the mouth of the 
 harbour, opposite to the Pier-head. A little 
 beyond is the fort for the defence of the bay, 
 and on the top of the head-land, or Howe of 
 Douglas, a tower, a land-mark for mariners. 
 Here the sea view, and that along shore, are 
 remarkably tine. 
 
 " From cliff to cliff the foaming waters shine." 
 
 And the admirer of 
 
 " Crimson cloud, l>lue main, and mountain grey,"
 
 57 
 
 vvill consider his time by no means ill disposed of 
 when taking a ramble to the back of the Howe. 
 
 The walk up by the river, through the groves 
 of the Nunnery, is also much frequented. In this 
 direction we enter the vale of Braddan, passing 
 the Nunnery, the beautiful seat of Lieut.-General 
 GOLDIE, of the House of Keys, in the immediate 
 vicinity of the town. This place was once the 
 site of a Nunnery, said to have been of great 
 antiquity. Excepting the eastern gable of the 
 chapel with its gothic windows, hardly a vestige 
 of the ancient structure remains. The gardens 
 are extensive, and some of the evergreens are 
 remarkable for their beauty ; in particular, there 
 is a Portugal laurel twenty feet high on one stem, 
 and whose umbrageous top covers a space ten 
 yards horizontal. Proceeding up the river, we 
 see Pulrose, the beautiful farm of Mrs. Moo KB, 
 on the leftj and a few hundred yards further, 
 Spring Valley, at present occupied by Major 
 SnuM ; back from which, near the top of the 
 rising ground, is Farm Hill, belonging to DANIEL 
 WILSON, Esq. j where there is a good view of 
 the vale of Braddan, and Douglas bay. On the 
 left, a little beyond Spring Valley, is Ballaughton, 
 the property of his Grace the DUKE OF ATHOLL. 
 Next to it on the right, and close to the church 
 of Braddan, is Kirby House, the elegant seat of 
 Col. WILKS, Speaker of the House of Keys, and 
 late Governor of St. Helena; the ground* o
 
 58 
 
 'which are well laid out in the modern taste, 
 with excellent gardens, &c. The country is well 
 wooded, and the perambulator cannot fail to 
 observe in this neighbourhood several rich and 
 picturesque little views. The situation of Brad- 
 dan church, especially, creates a romantic effect, 
 and presents several objects interesting to the 
 imagination. In front of it there is a Runic pillar 
 with an inscription, and also some ancient crosses. 
 
 Returning to Douglas by the Peel road, and 
 immediately after leaving Kirk Braddan, Port- 
 e-chee, or the Harbour of Peace, occupies the 
 extensive, flat lawn on the left ; it is the property 
 of the DUKE OF ATHOLL. Leaving the main road 
 at Port-e-chee bridge, that to the left leads to 
 the village of Onchan ; or to the sands of Douglas 
 bay, by taking the first lane on the right, by 
 which means we pass Woodbourn, the villa of 
 THOMAS HARRISON, Esq. of the House of Keys. 
 
 On the margin of the bay, at the north end of 
 the town, stands the elegant Marine Villa <;f 
 ROBERT STEUART, Esq. Collector of the port, and 
 Receiver- General of the Island. Marina Terrace, 
 belonging to the same gentleman, immediately 
 adjoins the lawn. Castle Mona is the insular 
 residence of his Grace the DUKE OF ATHOLL, Lord 
 of Man and the Isles, and Governor-in-Chief of 
 the Island. This princely fabric was erected 
 about . twenty years ago, on waste ground on 
 the shore; but notwithstanding the newness of
 
 the grounds, they are already well worthy of 
 admiration. The shrubbery especially is very 
 picturesquely situated along the foot of the cliffs, 
 and that of the hot-house is novel and pleasing ; 
 and the walks that rise in succession, at the back 
 of the Castle, on the wooded brows that encircle 
 the Bay at this place, are beautiful. The ride 
 along the sands is most agreeable ; and good 
 views of the town and neighbourhood are seen 
 from the heights beyond Castle Mona. 
 
 The road to Ramsey leaves the sands about 
 a mile from Douglas. It is here that the DUKE 
 has fenced, at a ^reat expence, the beach from 
 the seaj and upon the ground thus gained at 
 the foot of the cliffs, the erection of a public hotel 
 :md elegant crescent of cottages is in considerable 
 forwardness for the reception of visitors. On the 
 top of the brow, stands Summer Hill; a little 
 farther north, Bemahague, both the property of 
 Deemster HEYWOOD ; and Glencrutchery, the villa 
 and farm of CALCOTT HEYWOOD, Esq. of . the 
 House of Keys. A little farther on the Ramsey 
 road is the village of Ouchan, and tiie parish 
 church of that name. There are many other small 
 neat cottages in this neighbourhood ; and in the 
 bay below the village, there are some curious 
 coves scooped out of the rocky shore, which are 
 frequently the resort of boating parties from 
 Douglas. 
 
 None of the public gardens, in the vicinity of
 
 60 
 
 ;)ouglas, possess other attractions than those of 
 aitchen horticulture ; because the taste of the 
 public in general is not directed to such things j 
 but all the gentlemen's seats just mentioned, and 
 many others, have accompaniments of shrub- 
 beries, vineries, hot-houses, and excellent gar- 
 dens, for amongst such, gardening is a principal 
 amusement. There is no tax on hot-houses, and 
 the prime cost of glass is more than one-half 
 less than in England j hence, besides wall fruits, 
 those of the hot-house are more frequently raised 
 than by people of equal circumstances on the 
 other side of the water. The Manks codlin is a 
 dwarf apple tree which is very prolific, and is 
 propagated by cuttings ; but it is believed to be 
 now generally known to gardeners. The fruit 
 that arrives at the greatest perfection in the Island 
 is pears, and in favourable seasons, peaches, 
 apricots and nectarines acquire maturity in the 
 open air: figs never do, but they have been 
 known to live on the tree throughout the winter, 
 and to acquire an encrease of bulk the following 
 feummer. Other garden fruits are common, and 
 the natives are yearly improving ia their attention 
 to such things. 
 
 EXCURSIONS. 
 
 THOUGH the Island is in many parts badly 
 wooded, it is by no means devoid of beauty, nor 
 altogether destitute of silvan scenery. The
 
 61 
 
 deficiency is partly made up by a never ending 
 succession of hill, and dale, and running water, 
 and cottages. It is universally enclosed, but in 
 an irregular manner with clumsy mud fences, 
 topped with furze, and nothing but wood can 
 relieve a degree of bleakness, which even the 
 most fertile parts of it present. Its capabilities 
 of improvement in that respect are not yet suffi- 
 ciently appreciated, otherwise it might become 
 oneof the most beautiful of the British Isles. 
 
 Excursions may be made either in a general 
 tour round the Island, or by visiting the different 
 parts, subsequently to be pointed out, individually, 
 from Douglas as from a centre. If the first is 
 preferred, it must be done in a hurried manner if 
 it occupies less than four days. Castletown and 
 its environs will occupy the first day, Peel the 
 second, Ramsey the third, and fourth the return 
 to Douglas. But it may be run over in two, and 
 if taken as a race, even in one. The country is 
 intersected every where with numerous bye paths, 
 but those kept in good repair are only the high- 
 ways connecting the four towns. 
 
 FIRST DAY'S EXCURSION. On leaving Douglas 
 for Castletown, which is distant ten miles, we 
 pass the Nunnery, on the right. At the second 
 mile stone, Middle, C.BSAR TOBIN, Esq. of the 
 House of Keys ; and four miles from Douglas, 
 Mount Murray, the property of Lady HENRY
 
 62 
 
 MURRAY, and the residence of J. J. DURBIN, Esq. 
 About midway, you see Kirk Santon Church, a 
 mile seaward, to the left ; and at the eight mile- 
 stone pass the village of Ballasalla. The ruins of 
 the old Abbey of Rushen, where several of the 
 ancient Kings of Man are buried, stand here 
 within the grounds of the Abbey House,- Major 
 Hartwell ; through which Castle town river runs 
 southwards. The remains of the ancient Abbey 
 adjoins the Abbey House. This Abbey was 
 founded by OLAVE, King of Man, in ] 104. 
 There are some interesting views on the river 
 in this neighbourhood, and along its banks are 
 several pleasant cottages j and on the high 
 ground on the south-west, Ballasalla House, 
 GEORGE DHINKWATEB, Esq. 
 
 OLD ROAD TO CASTLETOWN. The Old Road, 
 or, as it is commonly called, the Low Road, from 
 Douglas to Castletown, besides being a little 
 shorter, it is nearer the shore, and leads through 
 a more pleasant country than the principal high- 
 way does, and also affords several picturesque sea 
 views. Therefore, although the road is much 
 worn out and in bad repair, and there are some 
 rivulets to ford, it may be recommended to those 
 who travel on horseback, or who walk, in order 
 to see the country at leisure. 
 
 Leaving Douglas, and having passed the Nun- 
 nery and the Roman Catholic Chapel about a
 
 63 
 
 quarter of a mile, the road divides into two. That 
 on the left, is the Low Road. Two miles from 
 Douglas, Oak Hill, the villa of JOHN BELL, Esq. 
 is seen in the hollow, on the right ; and a mile 
 farther, Hampton, on the top of the hill. In this 
 neighbourhood the small bay of Port Soderick, 
 and the high shores bounding it are picturesquely 
 situated, and are frequently visited both by land 
 and by water, by parties of pleasure from Douglas. 
 Upon the high ground near Hampton, also, there 
 is a fine view of the Island to the north-eastward. 
 A little more than four miles from Douglas, you 
 see Oatland, J. J. MOORE, Esq. on the right, 
 where a picturesque view of the country and sea 
 to the north is seen} then Seafield, Captain 
 BACON, near the sea, on the left ; and soon after' 
 pass Kirk Santon, and join the main road about 
 a mile from the village of Ballasalla, two miles 
 from Castletown. 
 
 CASTLETOWN 
 
 Is the capital of the Island, and is a neatly built 
 small town. It has an indifferent harbour, pier, 
 and light-house. In the centre of the town stands 
 Castle Rushen, one of the finest specimens of an 
 old Gothic keep of the middle ages in existence, 
 which was built in 947. It is a square, enclosing 
 an Inner Court, flanked with four square towers, 
 on its four sides, the highest of which is about 
 eighty feet in height, and is closely surrounded
 
 64 
 
 by a lofty parapet wall, ditch, and glacis, in a 
 circular form. It is now the prison of the 
 Island, and most of the Law Courts are held 
 here. The Deemster's, weekly j those of 
 Chancery, the first Thursday of every month. 
 The residence of his Honor CORNELIUS SMELT, 
 Lieulenant-Governor of the Island, is situated on 
 the walls, on the east. It is an erection of the 
 days of Queen ELIZABETH, and is a building 
 quite distinct from the Gothic keep in the interior. 
 There is a small chapel in the market-place 5 and 
 the House of Keys is in the street leading to the 
 draw bridge. Kirk Malew, the parish church, is 
 two miles up the country. There is also a capi- 
 tal Inn, and the town contains 2,036 inhabitants, 
 and many excellent houses. In the neighbour- 
 hood, numerous comfortable cottages are scat- 
 tered over the country. 
 
 If the party has time, some little excursion 
 may be undertaken in the neighbourhood; that 
 to Port-le-Mary and Port Erin, the mines of 
 Brada, and the natural curiosities in the southern 
 extremity of the Island, four miles distant, is the 
 most agreeable. On this road, about a mile from 
 Castletown, we first pass Ballakeighin, Captain 
 QCILLIAM, R. N. and of the House of Keys, on 
 the right; then Balladoole, Captain WOODS, on 
 the left. On the beach at Polevash, behind the 
 latter place, there is a curious current of a large 
 body of salt water issuing from the rocks near
 
 65 
 
 high water mark. It is as salt as the water of 
 the ocean, is in quantity as large as might form 
 a small rivulet, and never ceases to flow in the 
 driest seasons. It has been supposed to originate 
 from some immense cavity of the earth becoming 
 filled with sea water at flood tide, by means 
 of the same channel from which it re-issues 
 during ebb ; but the nature of the openings, out 
 of which it proceeds, and the stream continuing 
 to flow, even at the lowest neap tides, are against 
 this supposition. A little eastward from it, the 
 black marble is found. The general under- 
 drainage of the limestone basin that constitutes 
 this part of .the country, is directed to this 
 vicinity. 
 
 Proceeding westwards along the shore, we pass 
 Kentraugh, and Mount Gawne, EDWARD GAWNE, 
 Esq. of the House of Keys ; and near the base 
 of the mountains, in this neighbourhood, Balla- 
 gawne, and Ballachurry, THOMAS GAWTTE, Esq. ; 
 and a little to the west, the parish church of 
 Kirk Christ Rushen. The lead and copper mines 
 of Brada are at present in active operation, and are 
 sometimes visited as a curiosity. Both Port-Erin 
 and Port-le-Mary are small villages; the latter 
 has a good harbour, which was lately protected 
 by a substantial stone pier of considerable extent. 
 There is some trade at Port-le-Mary in the 
 burning of lime, and in exporting corn. Besides 
 farming, the inhabitants are principally employed 
 E
 
 in fishing for cod and lobsters, of which quantities 
 are exported to the Dublin market. 
 
 But the objects most worthy of the notice of 
 the admirers of the operations of nature, on a 
 large scale, are the rocks of the coast, especially 
 the high perpendicular precipices of Spanish-head, 
 rent by extensive and tremendous chasms j and if 
 boating is not considered an impediment, a visit 
 to the Calf of Man, where the number of sea 
 fowl that cover the ledges of the cliff, generally 
 astonishes the stranger. 
 
 THE CHASMS. 
 
 THE road to the chasms is somewhat rough, 
 and cannot be well travelled by a carriage, but 
 their appearance will repay adventurous curiosity. 
 The visitor may either proceed directly from 
 Port-le-Mary, by the farm road that leads along 
 shore, or he may ascend that to Craignish, a small 
 mountain village of the most aboriginal, wild, and 
 desolate appearance ; and from which neighbour- 
 hood, the country to the northwards is looked 
 down upon as another world, of one continued 
 series of gay cottages, and luxuriant cultivation, 
 happily illustrating the blessed effects of modern 
 industry and improvement. 
 
 The chasms are on the left from Craignish. 
 The precipice they traverse is about three hundred 
 feet in perpendicular height from the level of the 
 beach. They are fissures in the solid rock several
 
 67 
 
 feet wide, that penetrate many fathom into the 
 hill, and are in several parts so dark and so deep, 
 that the bottom cannot be seen. At the edge, 
 they divide the precipice into accuminated and 
 sugar loaf masses, that overhang the water that 
 far below breaks against the rocky shore. In 
 one of the recesses thus formed, there is a small 
 circle of erect stones, that appears to have been 
 the temple of some lonely druid, who probably 
 had fixed his hermitage here on account of the 
 sublimity of the situation. 
 
 " Perch'd on a cliff that awes the astounded sight, 
 In darkness and in storm he found delight ; 
 Where foaming billows rouse the fearful deep, 
 And far below the foaming waters sweep." 
 
 " And oft the craggy cliff he loved to climb, 
 When, all in mist, the world below was lost ; 
 What dreadful pleasure ! there to stand sublime. 
 Like ship-wreck'd mariner, on desert coast ; 
 And view the enormous waste of vapor, toss'd 
 In billows lengthening to the horizon found." 
 
 On the top of the highest precipice of the Calf 
 of Man, there is an old ruin called Bushel's 
 House, a man of the name being said to have 
 lived as a hermit there in the days of Queen 
 ELIZABETH. 
 
 On returning to Douglas or Peel, from the 
 southern extremity of the Island, the road along 
 the base 6f the mountains, and through the village 
 of Kirk Arburgh, affords an agreeable variety. 
 It leads into the roads to Peel and Douglas, with- 
 out again passing along shore through Castletown.
 
 In the neighbourhood of Kirk Christ Rushen, as 
 well as along the coast towards Castletown, there 
 are several examples of the Barrow. That called 
 the Fairy Hill is the most known. It is an un- 
 commonly large artificial earthen cone, situated 
 a little west from the church in a morass near 
 Ballachurry. It is said to have been raised over 
 the body of King REGINALD, who was killed in 
 single combat by the knight SUAM, or IVAR ; 
 but from its situation, and its summit being flat, 
 and surrounded by a parapet, it is more likely 
 that it is one of the fortified hills of the early 
 age. Several erections of this kind, to this day, 
 are known to the natives by the appellation 
 Bnrgh, or Burrough. 
 
 It may also be remarked, that besides Barrows, 
 other relics of antiquity of a different kind, are 
 thickly scattered all over the Island, namely, the 
 Kiels or small Kirks of the early Christians. 
 These are merely small enclosed spaces, contain- 
 ing some mounds or rubbish, and are so numerous 
 that it is said that every treen anciently possessed 
 one. They appear to have been a kind of domes- 
 tic chapels, and are said to have been visited 
 occasionally by itinerating monks. To this day, 
 tradition affixes the chaplaincy of one in Braddan 
 named Kiel-Albin, to the proprietor of a neigh- 
 bouring farm, Awhallyon. But in general, they 
 are now entirely forgotten, and only superstiti- 
 ously venerated as containing the remains of the
 
 69 
 
 dead, for they have all been used as burying 
 places. As an example of one, Kiel-Vuel, or 
 Michael, which signifies Kirk Michael, situated 
 on the top of Balladoole hill, may be pointed out 
 as occurring on this road. Another, near the 
 Douglas road, may be seen on passing Bulreinny 
 hill, Mount Murray. 
 
 Before leaving this part of the country, it may 
 be necessary to observe, that Uerbyhaven, a fish- 
 ing village, with an excellent and magnificent 
 harbour, lies a mile east from Castletovvn, and is 
 a great resort of the herring fleet. On the small 
 Island called St. Mary's, at the entrance of the 
 bay, $here is a small fortified tower, built by the 
 EARL OF DERBY., in 1603, on. which the light- 
 house is now placed. In the narrow channel that 
 divides this Island from the peninsula, a low 
 rock projects from the main land, known to some 
 by the name of Ango-bour rough, on which there 
 are some low mounds, apparently the rubbish of 
 ruins ; anil on the north ascent of which, a path- 
 way is cut out of the solid rock, having grooves 
 across to give footing to passengers. These cir- 
 cumstances give this small rock some interest ; 
 and there can be little doubt that it is one of the 
 fortified hills of the early age, denominated by 
 the natives, Burroughs. Several others are to 
 btt seen in this neighbourhood 
 
 In passing through the country, it will be re- 
 marked, that as in most Islands of a similar maiir-
 
 ;o 
 
 nittule, the establishments, the divisions of pro- 
 perty, the mountains, and the rivers, are all on a 
 small scale. It may be added, that the farm 
 houses, have in general a substantial and comfort- 
 able appearance, being for the most part, covered 
 with slate, and healthily situated. Many of the 
 cottages or cabins of the day-labouring class, are 
 built of mud sods, and covered with thatch, and 
 are sometimes partly, beneath the surface, ex- 
 posed to damp, badly ventilated and badly lighted, 
 but, nevertheless, healthy. Few, however, occur 
 in which the interior is naked and desolate look- 
 ing, all being in general crowded with lumber and 
 clothing, and what the Manksman considers com- 
 forts, conjoined, perhaps, with a little want of 
 cleanliness and neatness virtues which he seem 
 too much to undervalue; but he is improving 
 rapidly, and will do so more and more, as his 
 confidence in himself increases. Many of the 
 better description of cottages have their windows 
 ornamented with flower pots of geraniums, 
 hydranges, and myrtles. 
 
 The English language is universally spoken 
 with much accuracy and correctness by the 
 younger part of the inhabitants. The taste for 
 music is in a very low state ; and amongst the 
 peasantry there is not only no national style, but 
 in some districts music of any kind is hardly, if 
 at all, cultivated. Four or five simple ditties, 
 apparently of genuine Celtic original, hare been
 
 71 
 
 lately published. They are, most probably, simi- 
 lar to those used in bardic recitation amongst 
 our neighbours, the Welsh, in early ages. 
 
 Small pox is the only epidemic that has at all 
 pervaded the population within the last ten years ; 
 and excepting very partially, there is no record of 
 any other but measles ever having pervailed. 
 
 EXCURSION TO PEEL. 
 
 THE foregoing excursion will occupy one day 
 very agreeably ; and if the party, instead of re- 
 turning to Douglas for the night, prefer proceed- 
 ing to Peel next morning, they pass Malew church 
 and the limestone quarries, a mile and a half from 
 Castletown, cross the mountains by a good road, 
 and near the sixth mile-stone, pass Foxdale lead 
 mines, which are now carried on extensively. At 
 Hamilton bridge, at the foot of the northern 
 acclivity of South Barrool, a torrent from the 
 mountain forms a very pretty waterfall. About 
 three miles furthers you fall into the Douglas 
 road to Peel, at St, John's and the Tynwald Hill, 
 another two miles and a. half bring you to PeeL 
 
 PEEL 
 
 Is situated about the middle of the west coast 
 of the Island ; twelve miles from Castletown, 
 and eleven and a half from Douglas. It is a 
 fishing town, with a good pier and light-house. 
 The fish cau.jhi here are principally herrings,
 
 of the finest quality and greatest abundance ; 
 also, haddock and cod. It contains 1,909 inha- 
 bitants, the parochial church of German, and 
 a small Court-house. In former times it was 
 more famous on account of its Castle x than it now 
 is. This extensive ruin is more interesting from 
 its antiquity and from its being lately noticed in 
 romance, by the " Great Unknown," than from 
 any intrinsic beauty it possesses as a ruin. Its 
 situation, however, is fine and picturesque, and in 
 feudal times must have been of greal importance 
 as a place of strength. It is supposed to be con- 
 siberably older even than Castle Rushen, and in 
 it some of the early kings of Scotland are said to 
 have been educated. It contains the ruins of the 
 insular Cathedral, the arches of the transept of 
 which, even to this day, bespeak its former mag- 
 nificence; but the legendary history of the place 
 is much too long to be inserted here. Along the 
 neighbouring shores, there are some curious caves 
 and sinuosities in the rock, and agates and earne- 
 lians, fit for jewellery, are found along the sands 
 of the bay and shore to the northward. 
 
 At Glen Moij, three mile south-west from Peel, 
 a mountain torrent forms a very pretty water-fall, 
 decorated with planting, which is frequently the 
 resort of parties of pleasure, and is well worth see- 
 ing. On going to it, you pass Kirk Patrick ; and 
 Knockaloe, JAMES QUIRK, a minor; Ballamoore, 
 PHILIP MOORE, Esq. ; and Bullacosimhon, JOHN.
 
 GELLING, Es j,, fire the principal villas seen from 
 the road. At Bullaniore, a Portugal laurel and 
 an arbutus are objects of curiosity, from the great 
 height they have attained, being about forty feet 
 high, but the stems are naked, and they have been 
 much injured by the weather and the crowding of 
 forest trees. The finest of the group, whice once 
 consisted of three, was blown down by a gale of 
 wind, in 182^. There can be no better example 
 than these, of how favourable the climate and soil 
 of the Island are to the growth of evergreens. 
 
 EXCURSION TO RAMSEY, BY BISHOP'S COURT. 
 
 IF this is taken by setting out from Douglas, 
 you travel nine miles on the Peel road to the 
 Cross-ways, near St. John's j if from Peel, we 
 return by the Douglas road, three miles to the 
 same point, and turn to the northwards through 
 the mountains j or if you do not travel with a 
 carriage, there is a very tolerable road close along 
 shore, which is considerably shorter than the route 
 just mentioned. If the carriage road is taken : 
 at St. John's is the Tynwald Hill, used during 
 the ceremony of promulgating new laws, situated 
 near the Peel river, on a small plain surrounded 
 by hills and high grounds. It is a low cone, the 
 sides of which are cut into three platforms, and 
 which terminates in a flat summit. These are 
 respectively the stations of the Governor and 
 Church, and State, during the ceremony. Imme-
 
 74 
 
 diately adjoining on the east, is the small chapel 
 of St. John's, that constitutes part of the insti- 
 tution, and which, in the first instance, is used at 
 Tynwald Courts for the purposes of prayer, and, 
 subsequently, for those of deliberation and other 
 business of the constituted authorities. This 
 chapel is one of those, the ruins of which have 
 been alluded to as occurring commonly through- 
 out the country ; and as well as the Mount to 
 which it is attached, is the only one in existence 
 that has continued to exercise its ancient functions 
 to the present day. All are 
 
 1 Fall'n, fall'n, a silent heap ! their heroes all 
 Sunk in their urns." 
 
 But, 
 
 " To those whom nature taught to think and feel, ' 
 Heroes, alas ! are things of small concern. 
 Could history man's secret heart reveal, 
 And what imports a heaven-born mind to learn, 
 Her transcripts to explore, what bosom would not yearn." 
 
 In this neighbourhood was fought the battle 
 that decided the contest for the crown of Man, 
 between the two brothers, REGINALD and OLAVE, 
 in the beginning of the thirteenth century. The 
 fortune of this day, or at least of some other of a 
 similar nature, during the civil wars that dis- 
 tracted the country about that period, is said to 
 have been determined in favour of OLAVE by the 
 women of the north parts of the Island, whose 
 husbands composed the principal part of his army. 
 They, on perceiving their friends to loose ground,
 
 made their appearance on the adjoining high 
 lands, bearing branches, and arrayed in good 
 order, to the dismay and discomfiture of the 
 enemy. As a reward for tneir presence of mind, 
 the victor decreed, that whereas the surviving 
 wives of Manksinen were, according to law, 
 entitled to a life-rent of one-half of the property 
 of their hushands after their decease, thenceforth 
 the women of the north should be entitled to 
 two-thirds on the same tenure, whilst those of 
 the south of the Island should remain with the 
 allowance of one half, according to previous cus- 
 tom a law which is in force till this very day. 
 
 The road to the north of the Island leaves that 
 to Douglas at the four Cross- ways, and passes 
 through a defile of the mountains ; but before 
 leaving the south, it is necessary to take some 
 notice of the drive from Douglas to the same point. 
 
 FROM DOUGLAS TO KIRK MICHAEL, BY 
 CROSS-FOUR-WAYS, ST. JOHN'S. 
 
 ST. JOHN'S is about nine miles from Douglas; 
 and Peel upwards of eleven, directly across the 
 Island. Starting from Douglas the road runs to 
 the left of the river for nearly two miles through 
 the vale of Braddan, which, as far as Kirk Brad- 
 dan, has been already noticed. A little after 
 passing to the right of the river at Kirk Braddan, 
 you re-cross it again at the Union Mills, Mr. W. 
 Kelly, where th-jre is a manufactory of woollen
 
 76 
 
 cloth, of some extent, conjoined with a corn mill. 
 Approaching the four mile-stone, you see Marown 
 church, on the slope of the rising ground to the 
 left ; and a little lower on the same slope, Balla- 
 killey, ANTHONY DUNLOP, Esq.; and low lying in 
 the meadows, near the rivulet, Ballaquinnea Cot- 
 tage, T. CLUCAS, a minor. About a mile further, 
 Greeba rock appears on the right, with the ruins 
 of St. Trinians, a chapel of the Roman Catholic 
 age, at its base; and a little further on, on the 
 opposite side of the road, the cottage of J. BENNET, 
 Esq. The country here contracts to a narrow 
 defile, almost wholly occupied by morasses, and 
 which, intersecting the longitudinal chain of 
 mountains, runs nearly in a level between the 
 eastern and western shores of the Island. After a 
 short distance, it again opens considerably 3 and 
 at the four Cross-ways, nine miles from Douglas, 
 you turn to the right, and proceed northwards 
 for some miles through a hilly country, and along 
 a glen formed by the Peel river. This- glen is 
 badly wooded, but not devoid of alpine beauty. 
 About the twelfth mile-stone, from Douglas as 
 well as from Gastletown, the road ascends Lam- 
 mal Hill, after whieh the country possesses no 
 attraction for several miles. The river, about a 
 mile and a half above where the road leaves it, 
 forms, near Rheinyas, a high waterfall, which, 
 though small, is possessed of considerable interest. 
 As you approach the village of Kirk Michael, it.
 
 77 
 
 improves, and presents several pleasant cottages 
 to view, such as Cronk-urleigh, Cly-een, Eria- 
 ville, and Glenwillan. The road now opens into 
 the extensive flat that constitutes the north part 
 of the Island. 
 
 MOUNTAIN ROAD. To those who travel on 
 horseback from Douglas to this part of the coun- 
 try, it may be proper to remark, that there is 
 another road than that described. It is a bye- 
 road through the glens, called Baldwin, and across 
 the mountains by Injebreck, J. WADE, Esq., and 
 is considered three or four miles shorter, in abso- 
 lute distance, but not in fatigue. The ride is ndt 
 devoid of beauty, especially about Injebreck, and 
 presents several very good general views of the 
 country. If this road is chosen, instead of cross- 
 ing Kirk Braddan bridge, you keep to the right, 
 and at about three miles from Douglas, pass 
 Cronkrule, JOHN SPITTALL, Esq. on the left. In 
 this neighbourhood, there are some specimens 
 of the old Kie'ls, one on the right of the road, 
 about a quarter of a mile before you come to 
 Cronkrule, another in a clump of trees a few hun- 
 dred yards back from it. Then follows the vale of 
 West Baldwin, near the head of which you begin 
 to ascend the mountain, through the grounds of 
 Injebreck, seven miles from Douglas the most 
 central residence of the Island. Passing through
 
 the mountain gate, the most beaten and frequented 
 track leads you into the regular highway, above 
 a mile from the village of Kirk Michael. 
 
 KIRK MICHAEL 
 
 Is sixteen miles distant from Douglas, about the 
 same from Castletown, and seven from Peel. It 
 is within half a mile of the sea on the west, and 
 between nine and ten miles from the northern 
 extremity of the Island. Near the Inn, which 
 is the Crown and Mitre, there is a Court-house, 
 lately erected, and in which the northern Deemster 
 occasionally holds his Courts. Fronting the en- 
 trance to the church, there is a Runic cross, with 
 an inscription a fine specimen. 
 
 Leaving the village, you pass Whitehouse and 
 Cooley on the right, at the north base of the hills 
 or mountains ; and Orrisdale on the left, a little 
 back from Bishop's Court, towards the sea. 
 There are many Barrows in this neighbourhood, 
 and also a line of Watch-and-ward Barrows on 
 the heights along shore. Fishing affords good 
 sport on this coast ; and it is said that there is a 
 good oyster bank off Jurby and Ballaugh. 
 
 BISHOP'S COURT 
 
 Is a mile east from Kirk Michael. It is the 
 Episcopal Palace of the Diocese, and is a very 
 ancient residence, being mentioned in history so
 
 arly as the thirteenth century. The original 
 form of the house was a massive tower, sur- 
 ruunded at some distance by a deep fosse; but 
 many additions have been successively made to it. 
 The present Bishop especially, the Honorable Dr. 
 GEORGE MURRAY, has made great improvements, 
 and has reared a beautiful little chapel, on the 
 site of the old one. The principal part of the 
 old timber was planted by the patriotic Bishop 
 WILSON, of pious memory, whose tomb, it may 
 be added, may be seen at the parish church. But 
 the grounds have been lately modernized, and 
 laid out in the best taste, and possess much 
 beauty. The shrubbery surrounding the house, 
 and the American garden in the glen, that leads 
 to the right of the road towards the mountains, 
 are well worthy of attention in that respect. And 
 the collection of geraniums and other plants of 
 that kind, is most extensive, and in excellent 
 order. The spirited example set by the present 
 Bishop, in agricultural improvement, is producing 
 the best effects in this neighbourhood. 
 
 The distance from Bishop's Court to Ramsey 
 is about eight miles. The road runs along the 
 base or abrupt termination of the mountains, 
 through a fine champagne and wooded country, 
 and passes at every turn the comfortable resi- 
 dences of the Manks farmer, and country gentle- 
 man. A mile east from Bishop's Court, you pass 
 the village of Ballaugh, and OB the left, see the
 
 80 
 
 church of that parish, and also that of Jurby near 
 to the sea shore, in the distance. Near the vill- 
 age of Ballaugh are the pits of shell marl, in 
 \vhich the heads, horns, and skeleton of the 
 gigantic antediluvian Elks are found. The coun- 
 try towards Jurby, and also the adjoining parish 
 of Andreas, contain beds of common marl of 
 great depth and extent. Nearly midway to Ram- 
 sey, Sulby glen, a deep and narrow valley through 
 which the river of that name issues from the 
 mountains about Snafield, opens into the plain. 
 On ascending it, several fine alpine pictures open 
 to the view ; and a tributary stream, descending 
 from the mountain that forms its western bound- 
 ary, makes a remarkably high waterfall. The 
 road is good, and altogether, if the party has 
 time, a drive up the glen forms a delightful 
 interlude to the general excursion. At the mouth 
 of the valley, is Ballabrooye, the property of 
 Capt. BACON. Nearly opposite to this part of 
 the road, the central parts of the plain of the 
 North are an extensive morass, containing vast 
 quantities of turf and bog timber. A mile farther 
 east, you cross Sulby river, by the bridge of that 
 name. The road to the left leads to Kirk Andreas, 
 Kirk Bride, and the Point of Ayre the northern 
 extremity of the Island, which is distant about 
 seven miles. There are numbers of rabbits in the 
 sand-hills in that neighbourhood. About a mile 
 from Subly bridge, on the Kirk Andreas road,
 
 81 
 
 and adjacent to Ballachurry, there is an extensive 
 quadrangular encampment, in good preservation, 
 said to have been constructed by 'the division of 
 CROMWELL'S army, that took possession of the 
 Island ; but this is uncertain. 
 
 From Sulby bridge to'Ramsey, the base of the 
 mountains is prettily wooded, and adorned with 
 many pleasant country residences of the Manks 
 gentry and landholders j such as Gooilbane, J> 
 HARRISON, Esq. ; Bellevuc, J. C. GELLING, Esq. -; 
 Ellnnbaue, F. LA MOTHB, Esq., surgeon j Glen- 
 duff, L. L. M'WHANNELL, Esq. j Glentrammon, 
 J. COR LETT, Esq. ; Loughan-Eyii, J. CORLETT, 
 Esq. ; Ballakillinghan, WILLIAM FARRANT, Esq., 
 with the Church of Kirk Christ Lezayre adjoining ; 
 Milltown, the property of Deemster CHRISTIAN ; 
 Claughbane, P. M. CALLOW, Esq. ; and many 
 others. One of the most beautiful situations 
 amongst these, or indeed in the Island, is that 
 of Claughbane, last mentioned, between the to\vn 
 of Ramsey and the mountain j it is a picturesque 
 example of the old residence of a Manks Laird 
 of the last century. 
 
 RAMSEY 
 
 Is a pleasantly situated town,' on the eastern 
 coast, at the mouth of the river Sulby, in the 
 parish of Kirk Maughold, containing about 1,523 
 inhabitants. The streets are cleanly, and well 
 paved, and it is accommodated with a very neat 
 F
 
 '82 
 
 Court House, where the Deemster of the northern 
 district holds his courts once a fortnight j and 
 with a handsome new Chapel, built within these 
 four years. One of the Vicars General also holds 
 his courts here. The Inn is tolerably good, but 
 not so much so as to induce a residence of long 
 duration, which is certainly to be regretted, for 
 even many of the inhabitants of Douglas would 
 often spend a week or two here in the summer 
 season, if the accommodation was better. Oysters 
 of excellent quality are found scattered thinly over 
 the floor of the bay. The harbour admits only 
 vessels of about 100 tons burden, but it has a 
 convenient quay, with a good pier and light-house. 
 The trade consists principally in the exportation 
 of corn and agricultural produce. There are no 
 imports except coals, lime, and such articles : all 
 colonial and foreign goods being imported solely 
 at Douglas. The same remark applies to the other 
 sea ports of Peel, Castletown, Derbyhaven, and 
 Port-le-Mary. A great proportion of the fleet of 
 herring boats belongs to Ramsey, where they are 
 dismantled and laid up during the winter months. 
 
 ENVIRONS. 
 
 THE Environs are particularly pleasant. The 
 country extends northward from it seven miles 
 to the Point of Ayre, rich and champagne, 
 interrupted only by the Ballachirrim hills; and 
 towards the south and west, the surface of the
 
 narrow tract of grounds that intervenes between 
 the town and the abrupt termination of the moun- 
 tains, is picturesquely disposed, and well orna- 
 mented with young timber. Several fine views 
 present themselves from positions in that direction. 
 That from Sky-law is superb a rich plain seven 
 miles square, covered with hamlets and cultiva- 
 tion, the granary of the Island, lies extended at 
 its feet, and terminated by the elegant obelisk of 
 Ayre light-house. Beyond the blue sea, adorned 
 with many a passing sail, rolls round the various 
 promontories, and to a width of from twenty 
 to thirty miles, divides the coast of Man from 
 those of Cumberland and Scotland, the distant 
 and ether enshrouded mountains of which, bound 
 the view of the magnificent amphitheatre. To 
 him who looks for scenery of a more retired 
 character, the umbrageous glens of Milntown, 
 Claughbane, and Ballure, will afford considerable 
 gratification. He may here expect 
 
 " To roam at large the lonely mountain's bead, 
 Or where the maze of some bewildered stream, 
 To deep untrodden groves his footseps lead." 
 
 A ride to the Point of Ayre light-house, by 
 Kirk Andreas and Kirk Bride, forms a pleasant 
 excursion. It is nearly four miles to Kirk An- 
 dreas, and five to Kirk Bride, which lies on the 
 north aspect of the Ballachirrim hills ; and beyond 
 it, the low Point stretches about two inilc- 
 farther.
 
 '84 
 
 To the antiquary, Kirk Maughold possesses 
 some interest. It is situated to the southward 
 ;ibout three miles, at the back of the elevated 
 headland of that name, and is visited by taking 
 the Douglas coast road. A few hundred, yards 
 from the town, and close to the base of the hill, 
 you pass Ballure, the property of T. CHRISTIAN, 
 Esq., between which, and the town on the margin 
 of the bay, there is an example of the circular old 
 fort, or encampment, frequently met with in the 
 Island, which the sea is rapidly removing. From 
 Ballure, the road by Laxey to Douglas ascends 
 the hill ; after a little way you take that along 
 shore to the left ; and after passing Lewague and 
 Ballacreggan, W. CHRISTIAN, Esq., soon arrive 
 at the rustic and antiquated Kirk of St. Maughold. 
 The legend of this saint is trite to every reader 
 of Manks history. Here there are several ancient 
 crosses and fonts lying about.* In old times, 
 the precints of this consecrated ground, which is 
 extensive, constituted the only sanctuary in the 
 Island. The ruins of the water conduit, that 
 brought water to the refugees, and traces of some 
 kind of erections along the north wall of the 
 burial ground, are still, or were within these few 
 years, discernible. Towards the top of the head- 
 
 * For delineations of these crosses, and others found in the 
 Island, see the Transactions of the Society of Scottish Antiquaries, 
 for 1822, Part II,
 
 land, in the face of the cliff, seaward, the legend- 
 ary well of St. Maughold will be found. Its 
 virtues are principally those of the imagination. 
 
 " The blushing maid, who sips the pearly drop 
 The solid rock distils, dreams of bliss to come, 
 And of maternal cares and honour'd age, 
 By a long line of progeny caress'd." 
 
 The traditional superstition of the natives, 
 points out the necessity of every visitor leaving 
 on the spot some relic, however trivial, as a 
 memento to -the spirit of the place. 
 
 BY LAXEY TO DOUGLAS 16 MILES. 
 
 THE road along shore presents little but a 
 succession of hill and dale, badly cultivated; and 
 mountain glen, with little claims to the pic- 
 turesque. Some good sea views are, however, 
 to be observed from the tops of stupendous sea 
 cliffs, along which the road passes. 
 
 " What Iris hnj<? of purple, green, and gold, 
 Play on its glassy surface ; and when vex'd. 
 With storms, what depth of billowy sha:le, 
 With light of curling foam contrasted." 
 
 On winding up Ramsey hill, Kirk Man j;hoU is 
 seen on the headland on the left ; and to those 
 travelling northward from Douglas, the view, the 
 same as described from Sky-law, that bursts 
 suddenly on the sight, on descending the hill, 
 is exceedingly pleasing. At Ballaglass, about
 
 three miles further, and nearly a mile seaward 
 from the road, there is a very pretty waterfall, 
 beautifully wooded, which, if the party has 
 leisure, is well worth visiting} and on the top 
 of the cultivated rising ground, immediately on 
 the south-west, there is a Druidal circle, to 
 which, till very lately, some ruins called Castle 
 Chorry were attached. About seven miles from 
 Ramsey, on descending the hill above Laxey, the 
 road passes through another small ruin of the 
 same kind, but to which no name is given. It is 
 on this coast that oysters and lobsters are found j 
 and there are also extensive banks of flat fish, 
 three or four miles from the land, as well as mid- 
 way to the Cumberland shore, which are much 
 frequented by the trawl boats from Liverpool. 
 
 LAXEY . 
 
 Is a small village, possessing some herring 
 boats. Up the glen there is a small paper mill 
 actively employed, and well conducted ; and a 
 mile higher up the glen are the lead mines, in 
 which miners are at present at work, on account 
 of a company of the inhabitants of Douglas. 
 Laxey glen presents a fine landscape picture, with 
 Snafield and other mountains for a back ground. 
 This village is considered eight miles from Dou- 
 glas. After ascending from the deep glen, at the 
 mouth of which it is situated, the parish church. 
 of Kirk Lonau lies on the table land to the right.,
 
 87 
 
 about half a mile distant j and it may be remarked 
 that in the ravine leading into the south angle of 
 Laxey bay, you pass, on the left, the Druidal 
 Cairn, c.alled the .Cloven Stones. A few hundred 
 yards to the right, up the margin of the same 
 rivulet, you will see a good example of the 
 fortified hill of the middle ages. Soon after this, 
 you arrive in the country that has been already 
 noticed. 
 
 If you wish to make a visit to the top of Sna- 
 field, a day ought to be chosen calculated to allow 
 of a clear view of the extensive prospect seen 
 from it. You may either proceed by taking a 
 guide from Laxey, or by setting out from Douglas, 
 which is about eight miles from the summit, you 
 may go by the mountain road that leads from 
 the sands, by Cronk-na-Mona and Loch-na-Bay, 
 or that by Ballacreech and Ballamenagh, to the 
 mountain gate, from whence there is a path- way 
 so tolerable, that in dry weather you may ascend 
 almost the whole way on horseback. The party 
 is generally arranged by providing some little 
 refreshment on the mountain ; and if conducted 
 under favourable circumstances, forms a delightful 
 excursion. When the horizon is clear, the mount- 
 ains on the opposite coasts of the four ancient 
 kingdoms of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ire- 
 land, besides the whole Island from one extremity 
 to the other, are seen either at the same time, or in. 
 succession, according to the state of the horizon.
 
 The ranges of Snowdcn and Cumberland, on the 
 southward and eastward j the mountains of Morne 
 and Arklow, on the west; and the elevations 
 from Dumfries to Portpatrick, and the Mull 
 of Galloway, towards the north. 
 ^ 
 
 " Where Britain's genius the wide wave bestrides, 
 And, like a vast Colossus, towering stands, 
 With one foot planted on each Continent." 
 
 " Hail, sacred polity, by freedom rear'd ! 
 Hail, sacred freedom, when by law restrain'd ? 
 Without you, what were man ? A grovelling herd, 
 In darkness, wretchedness, and want enchain'd. 
 Sublim'd by you the Greek and Romans reign'd, 
 In arts unrivall'd. O ! to latest days, 
 In Albion may your influence, unprofali'd, 
 To god-like worth the generous bosom raise, 
 And prompt the sage's lore, and fire the poet's lays !'' 
 
 BEATTIK-
 
 89 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 TABLE OF DISTANCES. 
 
 DOUGLAS to Ballasalla. ... 8 
 
 y t \^/ \SXLETO\VN r^ ~ M.\J 
 
 Port-le-Mary 
 
 and Port-Erin 4 =14 
 
 CASTLETOWN to St. John's 9| 
 
 PPIT Q3. 1 <> 
 
 yfM. ttttLf .... -^ 1 ~ 
 
 DOUGLAS to St. John's .... 8^ 
 
 ,, PEEL 2^=11 
 
 PKBL Shore Road to Kirk 
 
 Michael 7=7 
 
 St. John's to Kirk Michael 7 = 7 
 Kirk Michael to Bishop's 
 
 Court ... 1 
 
 , Ballaugh 1 
 
 ,, RAMSEY 7 = 9 
 
 DO:GLAS to Laxey 8 
 
 RAMSEY .... s =16 
 
 DOUGL.VS lies 72 miles N. E. from Liverpool* 
 about 40 S.W. from Whitelmvea 
 75 N.E by E. from Dubiiu. 
 144. nearly due S. froai Grcenock.
 
 PRINCIPAL INNS. 
 
 DOUGLAS. 
 Names. Where situated. By whom kepti 
 
 British Hotel Market Place T. Dixon. 
 
 White Lion Inn > 
 
 & York Hotel f Parade M ' Hanh y 
 
 Cumberland Tavern, Moore's Court . Mrs. Clark. 
 
 Plough Inn Durie's Lane . . Mrs. Blake. 
 
 Mank's Coffee House Duke's- Lane. . Mrs. Corkill. 
 
 Butchers' Arms James Street . . T. Redfern. 
 
 Lancashire Tavern .. James Street . . W. Roberts. 
 
 York City Tavern . . Parade S. Meldau. 
 
 Steam Packet Tav. . Muckle's-gate. . . . R. Miller. 
 Eagle and Child Hey wood Place, E. Fielding. 
 
 CASTLETOWN. 
 
 George Hotel Market Place T. Kneen. 
 
 PEEL. 
 
 Caledonian and Liverpool Hotel R. Grant. 
 
 RAMSEY. 
 
 The Hotel M. Ride. 
 
 Thatched House Tavern J. Heelis. 
 
 KIRK MICHAEL. 
 
 Crown and Mitre . . S. Gee. 
 
 LAXEY. 
 
 Cumberland Arms J. Milburne. 
 
 Waterloo Inn T. Fargher. 
 
 Note. For other information of a similar kind, see the Monti 
 Almanack and lide-Tu'Ae,
 
 91 
 
 PACKETS AND TRADERS, 
 
 Selu-ee the Ports of this Island and those of Great Britain, 
 beside the Steam-Packets. 
 
 DOUGLAS AND LIVERPOOL. The Duke of Atholl,. 
 smack, Lady Elizabeth, do. Messrs. DRINKWATER. 
 The Duchess of Atholl, do. j the Douglas do. 
 MR. E. FLEETWOOIX The Earl of Surrey do. 
 MR. J. BURROW. The Eliza, schooner, MR. T. 
 FELL. 
 
 DOUGLAS AND DUBLIN. The Atalanta, packet 
 for goods and passengers. 
 
 COASTING VESSELS. The Daisy ; the Robert 
 Steuart j the William Scottj the Mona Castle. 
 
 CASTLETOWN AND LIVERPOOL. The Otter. 
 
 FARES OF BOATS, 
 
 Taking Passenger* to and from Vessels. 
 
 BOATS taking passengers on shore from, or on 
 board of, vessels, within the harbour, 3d. each, 
 with luggage not exceeding 56ft. weight. 
 
 Ditto, in the bay, within the Heads, 6d. each, 
 with luggage not exceeding 56ft weight. 
 Ditto, without the Heads, Is. each, with lug- 
 gage not exceeding 56ft. weight. 
 
 Note. Every person leaving the Island Is under the necessity 
 of procuring a Pass, or Permission, from the Governor, which 
 may be got from the Pass-matter, Cambrian place, for 9d. without 
 one he is subjected to the loss of his passage, or the Captain of 
 -he vessel taking him it liable to a fine of ten pounds.
 
 FARES OF CONVEYANCE. 
 
 CONVEYANCES to different parts of the Island', 
 at MR. W. DIXON'S Livery-stables, or at MR.. M. 
 HANBY'S. Parade : 
 
 Horse, to Castletown or Peel, 5s. ; to Ramsey, 
 Kirk Michael, Port Erin, or Port-le-Mary, 7s. 
 Gig, to Castletown or Peel, 8s. to 12s.; to Ramsey, 
 Kirk Michael, Port Erin, or Port-le-Mary, 12s. 
 to 14s. Post Chaise, to Castletown or Peel,. 12s.; 
 to Ramsey, 24s. ; Kirk Michael, 21s. ; Port Erin 
 or Port-le-Mary, 18s. to 20s. Barouche or operv 
 Carriage, according to the number of passengers. 
 
 PUBLIC BATHS. 
 
 A single Warm Bath 2s. 6d. 
 
 Six ditto, subscribed for 10s. 6d. 
 
 A Vapour Bath 3s. Od. 
 
 A single Cold Bath Gd. 
 
 Subscription for the season 7s. 6d. 
 
 A Shower Bath Is. 6d. 
 
 NEWS-ROOMS. The Douglas Commercial, by 
 LANE & SON, Cambrian - place ; and also a Sub- 
 scription one near the Pier. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED WEEKLY. the Manks 
 Advertiser, the Rising Sun, and the Manx Patriot. 
 
 LIBRARIES JEFFERSON'S Circulating Library;: 
 LANE & SON'S ditto; the Douglas Subscription, 
 and other private Bonk Societies.
 
 MARKET PRICES. 
 
 s. d. s. (1. 
 
 "\VHITBHAVEN Coals, f- ton 20 Oto22 O 
 
 Liverpool Do. f ton of 27 cwt . . 26 27 O 
 Beef, Mutton, and Veal average "^ ft )f 4 5 
 
 Pork, sometimes as low as ,, 2 ,, 3 
 
 A pair of Fowls 1 6 2 
 
 A pair of Ducks 1 6 2 
 
 A Goose 2 2 6 
 
 A Turkey 3040 
 
 Eggs, 28 to 42 for , 1 O 
 
 Butter y. ft .* ,,71 
 
 Milk, ^ quart 3 
 
 Beer, f- quart from 3 ,, 6 
 
 Bread, 6ft to 9ft for 1 
 
 Candles, ^ ft 7 8 
 
 Soap 4 , , 
 
 Large Cod 6 1 
 
 Pair Soles 1 O O 
 
 Turbot 15 to 20fc 4 5 
 
 Whiting, a string of 12 fish I 
 
 Crab, a string of from 6 to 12 1 
 
 Lobsters, f dozen 6 8 
 
 Port Wine, j- dozen 18 O 26 6 
 
 Sherry 21 O 24 O 
 
 Madeira 28 42 
 
 Claret, prime 48 
 
 Champagne 66 O 
 
 And others in proportion. 
 
 Rum, f gallon 6 8 
 
 Gin . .8 010 O
 
 94 
 
 s. d. &. A. 
 
 Brandy ...... , ........ , .......... 10 to o 
 
 Loaf Sugar ........... . .......... 7 9 
 
 Brown Sugar ...... .............. 4 6 
 
 Coffee, per f ft, ground .......... 3 4 
 
 Hyson and black Teas ............ 4 O 8 O 
 
 Garden herbs moderate, and of excellent quality. 
 
 HOUSE RENT, &c. 
 
 A House of ten or twelve rooms, from ^30 
 to e40. Some are higher, many much lower, 
 according to circumstances. 
 
 BOARD AND LODGINGS, at one guinea a week, 
 and also at 40 guineas a year. Artificers at from 
 8s. to 10s. per week. 
 
 VALUE OF LAND. 
 
 GOOD land is worth s20 per acre, at an aver- 
 age. Inferior land $ to 6 per acre, Rental 
 of judicious purchase, ^4, b, to sS6 per cent. 
 
 Yearly rent of land per acre, from 10s. to 30s. 
 Good fields in the neighbourhood of the t^wns 
 fetch from a3 to ggl per acre. 
 
 Labourer's wages, $ day, Is. to Is. 6d.$ or if 
 fed, <y. year, alO to ^"12. A good milch Cow 6 
 to slO; Strong Ponies sS3 to slO ; Horses 
 to 
 
 In general, the prices in the shops are calculated 
 in British money j those in the weekly market, 
 by the country people, in Manks currency, which 
 is 14d. Manks coppers to the English shilling.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 MM. 
 
 INTRODUCTION ...... s 
 
 GEOGRAPHY* 
 
 Situation and Face of the Country ... 9 
 Mountains . . . . . .'. 11 
 
 Rivers . . . " . ~ . . . 13 
 
 Tides . . -'.' * . .",;>.'' . li 
 
 Mines and Minerals . . . . . 15 
 
 Climate* ....... .17 
 
 Towns and Population . . . . . 21 
 
 Religion .. ......22 
 
 Superstition ....... 23 
 
 Agriculture ......._ 
 
 Animals . . . , ^ , . . 24 
 Trade, &c. . . -. . .*,.,., ' . 62 
 Government, &c. , . 5 . . . 27 
 
 Revenue . 30 
 
 History and Antiquities . . . . i 31 
 Armorial Ensign ...... Si 
 
 Members of the Legislature ... .35 
 
 Members of the House of Keys . . . . 36 
 
 Public Constables . . . . . . 37 
 
 TOPOGRAPHY. 
 
 Harbours, Heads, and Bays .... 38 
 
 Intercourse with the surrounding Countries . . 47
 
 INDEX. 
 INTERIOR OF THE COUNTRY. 
 
 PARK. 
 
 Douglas ....:..' 51 
 
 The Market 53 
 
 Amusements 54 
 
 The Pier . . . . . . 56 
 
 Environs . . . . . " . . 
 
 Excursions ... .... 60 
 
 Castletown ; 68 
 
 The Chasms .- . . . . . . 66 
 
 Excursion to Peel . , . . . . 71 
 
 Peel 
 
 Excursion to Ramsey by Bishop's Court . . 73 
 From Douglas to Kirk Michael, by Cross-four-ways, 
 
 St. John's . . .' . . .' .75 
 
 Kirk Michael . ...... 78 
 
 Bishop's Court .'.". . . H 
 
 Ramsey . .' ." .' .' .' .' . 81 
 
 Environs . .',".. . . . 82 
 
 Road by Laxey to Douglas . ' . ' * ' . 85 
 
 Laxey Snafield . .'..'. . . 86 
 
 . APPENDIX. 
 
 Table of Distances . . . . . . 89 
 
 Principal Inns . . ' . . ' . . . 90 
 
 Packets and Traders . . . . 91 
 
 Fares of Boats . . . . . . 
 
 Fares of Conveyance . . . ' . . 92 
 
 Public Baths 52, 
 
 News-rooms Newspapers Libraries ... 
 
 Market Prices . > . . . 93 
 
 House Rent . . . . . . 94 
 
 Value of Land and Agricultural Prices . . 
 
 Printed by G. Jefferson, Duke -street* Douglas.
 
 This book is DUE on the last 
 date stamped below 
 
 9 
 APR 1 8 RECB 
 
 REC1 
 
 01361 
 
 4UN3 1&68 
 
 2m-9,'46(A394)470 
 
 THEIJBRARY
 
 019 188