A HANDBOOK 
 
 OF 
 
 WEATHER FOLK-LORE 
 
A HANDBOOK 
 
 OF 
 
 WEATHER FOLK-LORE 
 
 A COLLECTION OF PROVERBIAL SAYINGS IN VARIOUS 
 
 LANGUAGES RELATING TO THE WEATHER, WITH 
 
 EXPLANATORY AND ILLUSTRATIVE NOTES 
 
 BY THE 
 
 REV. C. SWAINSON, M.A. 
 
 VICAR OF HIGH HURST WOOD 
 
 WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS 
 
 EDINBURGH AND LONDON 
 
 MDCCCLXXIII 
 
 All Rights reserved 
 
Qc 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 IT is well known that certain days have been, 
 in various countries, considered as ominous 
 of the ensuing weather. The popular sayings 
 attached to them are of great antiquity, and 
 therefore the alteration of the Calendar has 
 affected them in a material degree ; yet still 
 do the peasantry of the Continent consult re- 
 ligiously their critical days ; and if a * Volks- 
 kalender' of Germany, Switzerland, or Bo- 
 hemia were to discontinue giving its "Bauern-" 
 or " Wetter-regelen," there is no doubt that 
 its circulation would be sensibly diminished. 
 So, too, in our own land, each district has 
 its weather proverbs, some peculiar to itself, 
 some, it may be, shared in common with the 
 country folk of France, Germany, and Italy. 
 It is to the superstitious side of weather lore 
 that the reader is directed more particularly 
 
vi PREFACE. 
 
 in the First Part of the present work ; and it 
 may be remarked that special attention has 
 been paid to the weather proverbs attached to 
 the various Saints' days throughout the year. 
 
 The Second Part contains sayings relating 
 to the sun, moon, stars, and atmospheric in- 
 fluences generally ; also many prognostics 
 drawn from the habits of animals, birds, in- 
 sects, &c. 
 
 To compile a Handbook of this kind would 
 have been impossible without the aid of pre- 
 vious publications, a list of which is given 
 below. The author is particularly indebted 
 to ' Notes and Queries,' Brand, and Chambers, 
 also to Professor Inwards' excellent book on 
 this subject, and to Mr Denham's curious 
 collection, which, however, contain but very 
 few foreign proverbs. Many of the latter not, 
 however, in their original language may be 
 found in Baron von Reinsberg-Diiringsfeld's 
 ' Das Wetter im Sprichwort.' 
 
LIST OF WORKS CONSULTED. 
 
 Almanacs : Poor Robin's, of various dates ; the Country ; 
 
 The Shepherd's; and many French, Belgian, German, 
 
 and Bohemian Volkskalenders. 
 Book of Knowledge, N.D. 
 
 BRAND'S Popular Antiquities ; Bohn's Edition : 3 vols. 1853. 
 BUCELINI, Historise Universalis auctarium. Augustae, 1658. 
 BUCHLERI (JOANN.), Gnomologia. Coloniae, 1662. 
 CHAMBERS (R.), Book of Days. 2 vols. 
 CHAMBERS (R.), Popular Rhymes of Scotland. Edinburgh, 
 
 1870. 
 
 COLLINS (JOHN), Dictionary of Spanish Proverbs. 1823. 
 CORBLET (J.), Glossaire etymologique du patois Picard. 
 
 Paris, 1851. 
 COREMANS, L'annee de 1'ancienne Belgique. Bruxelles, 
 
 1843. 
 DENHAM (M. A.), A collection of Proverbs and Popular 
 
 Sayings relating to the Seasons, the Weather, &c. : printed 
 
 for the Percy Society. 1846. 
 DIGGES (L.), Prognosticacion Everlausting of ryght goode 
 
 Effecte. London, 1596. B. L. 
 FORSTER (T.), Perennial Kalendar. London, 1824. 
 HAMPSON (R.. T.), Medii Aevi Kalendarium. 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1841. 
 
viii LIST OF WORKS CONSULTED. 
 
 HONE'S Works. 4 vols. London. 
 
 HUSBANDMAN'S Practice, or Prognostication for ever. Lon- 
 don, N.D. 
 
 INWARDS (R.), Weather Lore. London, 1869. 
 
 JAMIESON (Dr J.), Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish 
 Language. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1808. 
 
 Kalendrier perpetuel aux bons Laboureurs et Almanach pour 
 Pan de grace, 1678. Rouen. 
 
 KORTE (W.), Die Sprichworter der Deutschen. Leipzig, 
 1861. 
 
 LE Roux DE LINCY, Le livre des Proverbes Fra^ais. Paris, 
 1842. 
 
 LLOYD (L.), Diall of Daies. London, 1590. 
 
 Notes and Queries. 
 
 OIHENART (A.), Proverbes Basques. Bordeaux, 1847. 
 
 PASQUALIGO (CRISTOFORO), Raccolta di Proverbi Veneti. 
 Venezia, 1858. 
 
 PLUQUET (F.), Contes populaires, &c., de Tarrondissement 
 de Bayeux. Rouen, 1834. 
 
 Proverbes et dictons agricoles de France. Paris, 1872. 
 
 RAY'S Proverbs. Bohn's Edition, 1870. 
 
 REINSBERG-DURINGSFELD (BARON VON), Das Wetter im 
 Sprichwort. Leipzig, 1864. 
 
 ROSA (G.), Dialetti, costumi e tradizioni delle provincie di 
 Bergamo e da Brescia. Bergamo, 1857. 
 
 SAMARANI BONIFACIO, Prof., Proverbi Lombardi. Milano, 
 1870. 
 
 Shepherd's Kalendar, or Countryman's Companion. Lon- 
 don, N.D. 
 
 WILSFORD (THOS.), Nature's Secrets. London, 1665. 
 
 WORMU (OLAi), Fasti Danici. Hafniae, 1643. 
 
 WURZBACH(C), Die Sprichworter der Polen. Wien, 1852. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 PREFACE, ...... y 
 
 LIST OF WORKS CONSULTED, * . . vii 
 
 PART I. 
 
 VER] 
 
 3S RELATING TO THE YEAR, 
 
 I 
 
 it 
 
 H LEAP YEAR, 
 
 6 
 
 it 
 
 ii SEASONS, . 
 
 8 
 
 ii 
 
 u JANUARY, . 
 
 19 
 
 M 
 
 ti FEBRUARY, 
 
 38 
 
 11 
 
 ii MARCH, . 
 
 54 
 
 M 
 
 11 LENT, EASTER, WHITSUN- 
 
 
 
 TIDE, ETC., 
 
 67 
 
 It 
 
 "u APRIL, 
 
 77 
 
 M 
 
 u MAY, 
 
 87 
 
 
 
 u JUNE, 
 
 100 
 
 II 
 
 JULY, 
 
 in 
 
 u 
 
 it AUGUST, . 
 
 118 
 
 Ii 
 
 u SEPTEMBER, 
 
 126 
 
 M 
 
 n OCTOBER, . 
 
 134 
 
 II 
 
 u NOVEMBER, 
 
 141 
 
 
 
 u DECEMBER, 
 
 149 
 
\ 
 
 X CONTENTS. 
 
 WEATHER AND AGRICULTURAL RULES RELATING 
 
 TO DAYS THROUGHOUT THE YEAR, . .167 
 
 PROVERBS RELATING TO THE DAYS OF THE WEEK, 169 
 
 PART II. 
 
 PROVERBS RELATING TO THE SUN, . . 1 75 
 
 ti ii MOON, . . l82 
 
 M ii STARS AND METEORS, . IQ2 
 
 ii ii RAINBOW, . . . 194 
 
 ii ii MISTS AND FOGS, . 198 
 
 ii it . DEW, . . . 200 
 
 .1 ii CLOUDS, . . . 200 
 
 ii ii FROST, . . . 208 
 
 11 ii SNOW, . . . 209 
 ii n RAIN, . . .211 
 
 ii n THUNDER AND LIGHTNING, 214 
 
 ,i ii WIND, . . . 2l8 
 
 PROGNOSTICS FROM ANIMALS, . . . 228 
 
 n n BIRDS, .... 234 
 
 it n FISH, .... 248 
 
 n n REPTILES, ETC., . . 250 
 
 ii .. INSECTS, ETC., . . 253 
 
 ii ii TREES, PLANTS, ETC., . . 257 
 
 PLANTS FLOWERING ON VARIOUS SAINTS' DAYS, . 262 
 
 PROGNOSTICS FROM VARIOUS OBJECTS, .. . 264 
 
 GENERAL PROGNOSTICS, .... 269 
 
PART I. 
 
A HANDBOOK 
 
 OF 
 
 WEATHER FOLK-LORE. 
 
 "The Almanac-maker makes the Almanac, but God makes 
 the weather." Danish Proverb. 
 
 THE YEAR. 
 
 A good year is always welcome. Iceland. 
 
 The harvest depends more on the year than on the 
 field. Denmark. 
 
 Do not abuse the year till it has passed. Spain. 
 Das vorige Jahr war immer besser. 
 Zeit macht Heu. 
 
 The Crops, 
 
 Corn in good years is hay, in ill years straw is com. 
 
 After a famine in the stall 
 Comes a famine in the hall. 
 
 Another proverb to the same effect runs as follows, 
 Dearth always begins in the horse-manger : 
 
2 THE YEAR. 
 
 " In opposition to the rack," says Ray; "for in dry years 
 when hay is dear, commonly corn is cheap : but when 
 oats (or indeed any one grain) is dear, the rest are seldom 
 cheap." 
 
 Corn and horn go together. 
 
 The French say, 
 Quand les betes mangent, 
 Les hommes jeunent. Drome. 
 
 And, 
 L'homme et le boeuf ne sont jamais bien ensemble. 
 
 Acorns. 
 
 Annee glanduleuse, 
 Annee chancreuse. 
 
 Anne'e de glands, 
 
 Annee de cher temps. Haute Marne. 
 
 So in Tuscany, 
 Anno ghiandoso, 
 Anno cancheroso. 
 
 And about Milan, 
 An de giand, 
 
 An pesant per tiice quant, 
 i.e., An acorn year is a bad year for everything. 
 
 Beans. 
 
 Annee de feves, 
 
 Anne'e de misere. Lot et Garonne. 
 
 Cherries. 
 A cherry year, 
 A merry year. 
 
 Cockchafers. 
 
 Annee hannetonneuse, 
 Annee pommeuse. 
 
THE YEAR. 
 
 Grande hannetonne'e, 
 
 Petite vinee : 
 
 Grande hannetonnee, 
 
 Grande pomme'e. Disc. 
 
 Si Tannee a produit beaucoup de hannetons, 
 
 II y aura beaucoup de chataignes. Dordogne. 
 
 Currants. 
 
 Annee de groseilles, 
 Annee de bouteilles. Nievre. 
 
 Dry. 
 
 Whoso hath but a mouth 
 Will ne'er in England suffer drought. 
 Drought never bred dearth in England. 
 Annee seche n'appauvrit son maitre. 
 
 Annee de secheresse 
 
 A toujours fait richesse. Allier. 
 
 Longue secheresse, lac de vin. Lot. 
 
 Sonnjahr Wonnjahr. 
 
 But, on the other hand, 
 If there be neither snow nor rain 
 Then will be dear all kinds of grain. 
 
 And 
 
 Annee seche 
 Toujours peu reveche. ffatite Loire. 
 
 Frost. 
 
 Annee de gelee, 
 Anne'e de bid 
 
 Grass. 
 An de fein, 
 An de rein, i.e. (useless). Switzerland. 
 
4 THE YEAR. 
 
 Ano de erba, 
 Ano de merda. Venetia. 
 Beaucoup de foin, 
 Beaucoup de rien. 
 
 Haws. 
 
 A haw year, 
 
 A snaw year. Scotland. 
 
 A haw year, 
 
 A braw year. North of Ireland. 
 
 Mushrooms. 
 
 Anne'e champignonniere, 
 
 Anne'e de misere. Hautes Pyrenees. 
 
 Anno fungato, 
 
 Anno tribolato. Tuscany. 
 
 Nuts. 
 A good nut year a good corn year. 
 
 Annee de noisette, 
 
 Annee de disette. Haute Marne. 
 
 Pears. 
 
 A pear year, 
 A dear year. 
 
 Plums. 
 
 A plum year, 
 
 A dumb year, (referring to the silence of death ? ) 
 Kent. 
 
 In the year when plums flourish, all else fails. 
 Devon. 
 
THE YEAR. 
 
 Radishes. 
 
 Annee de raves, 
 
 Anne'e de santd Ardeche. 
 
 Bain. 
 
 Anne'e de pluie, 
 
 Manque de fruits. Haute Loire. 
 
 Some rain, some rest, 
 
 Fine weather isn't always best. 
 
 Rime. 
 
 Annee de givre, 
 
 Annee de fruits. Eure et Loire. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 A snow year, a rich year. 
 
 Annee de neige, 
 Annee de bien. Lozere. 
 
 Annee neigeuse, 
 Annee fructueuse. 
 
 Anne'e neigeuse remplit le grenier : 
 
 Annee sans neige appauvrit le meunier. Lozlre. 
 
 Schnee Jahr reich Jahr. 
 
 An nevbs, 
 
 An friitubs. Milan. 
 
 Annata di nivi, 
 
 Annata di olivi. Venetia. 
 
 Anno di neve, 
 Anno di bene. 
 
 Uberis ipsa frequens anni praemmcia nix est. 
 
6 LEAP YEAR. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Annee venteuse, 
 
 Annee fruiteuse. Calvados. 
 
 Local. 
 
 Quando Guara tiene capa, y Moncayo chapiron, 
 buen ano para Castilla y mejor para Aragon : 
 
 i.e., When the mountains of Guara are tipped with snow, and 
 those of Moncayo with fogs, they indicate that the year 
 will be abundant. [See under Clouds. 
 
 LEAP YEAR. 
 
 Among the peasantry in Belgium there is a superstition that 
 in Leap Year the young of no domestic animal will thrive, 
 and that grafts and young shoots will never come to their 
 full growth. Thus they have a proverb 
 
 " In Leap Year the weather always changes on a 
 Friday," 
 
 That being an unlucky day ; and the same prejudice exists in 
 North Italy, where they say, 
 
 An bisesti, o la mama o '1 bambi : - 
 i.e., When a child is born in leap year, either it or its mother 
 will die before the year is over ; and 
 
 An bisest no pianta vit, ne met inest, 
 A similar belief to that which has been mentioned as prevail- 
 ing in Belgium. So, too, in Tuscany, 
 
 Quando 1'anno vien bisesto, 
 Non por bachi e non far nesto. 
 
 And in "France we find, 
 Annee bissextile, 
 Anne'e infertile. 
 
LEAP YEAR. 7 
 
 Quand 1'annado es dd bizd (bissextile) 
 
 Mefia bous (mefiez vous) de I'aanado avan et de 
 
 1'annado apres. 
 
 And, 
 
 Vo me senonge Bissetre Cote d'Or : 
 i.e., You wish me bad luck. 
 
 " Bissetre, en bourguignon, s'est dit dans la signifi- 
 cation de malheur, parceque la superstition a fait 
 croire anciennement, et fait croire encore, qu'il 
 y avait un mauvais sort attach d tant aux annees 
 bissextile qu'aux jours intercalates du bissexte 
 de fevrier. A Dijon, en ces sorts d'annees, le 
 vulgaire dit que 'bissettre cor.'" LAMMONOYE. 
 Noels bourguignon s : Glossaire, p. 28. 
 So too in the Eifel they say, 
 
 Schaltj ahr Kaltj ahr. 
 And in Russia, 
 
 If St Cassian (Feb. 29) looks on a cow, the cow 
 will die -j if he looks on a tree, it will wither. 
 
 In Scotland, 
 Leap year 
 
 Was never a good sheep year 
 
 is a common saying: whilst in Wormii Fast, Dan., p. 112, 
 occur the following lines : 
 
 Vulgus bissextum esse mali putat ominis annum, 
 Atque hominum varies infortunare labores : 
 Turn male depargi vites, male semina sulcis 
 Kara putant .credi, pecoris mala pignora nasci : 
 Semina pomorum pedibus conversa supinis : 
 Et capite in terrain memorant adolescere misso. 
 
8 WINTER. 
 
 The Sicilians alone are of contrary opinion, saying, 
 Annata bisesta 
 Inchi ed assesta : 
 i.e.y In leap year set and graft (vines). 
 
 SUCCESSION OF THE SEASONS. 
 
 Dat Clemens (Nov. 23) hiemem : dat Petrus ver 
 
 cathedratus (Feb. 22) : 
 ^Estuat Urbanus (May 23): autumnat Bartolomaeus 
 
 (Aug. 24). 
 
 DUCANGE, Gloss. Mediev. Lat. 
 The German version of which runs as follows : 
 Sanct Clemens uns den Winter bringt, 
 Sanct Petri Stuhl dem Friihling winkt, 
 Den Sommer bringt uns Sanct Urban, 
 Der Herbst fangt um Bartolomai an. 
 
 WINTER. 
 Early. 
 
 An air' winter, 
 
 A sair winter. Scotland. 
 
 Cold. 
 
 Bis die Hohlen dreimal mit Schnee geftillet sind, 
 Weht immer noch der Winter Wind. 
 
 Changeable. 
 
 Mony a frost and mony a thowe (thaw) 
 Soon maks mony a rotten yowe (ewe). 
 
 Mild. 
 
 One fair day in winter does not make birds merry. 
 
WINTER. 
 
 A green winter makes a fat churchyard. 
 
 So the Germans say, 
 Griiner Winter macht den Kirchhof fett. 
 
 Thunder. 
 
 Tonnerre d'hiver tonnerre d'enfer. 
 
 Winter thunder, 
 
 Poor man's death, rich man's hunger : 
 Because it is good for fruit and bad for corn. 
 
 Donner in Winter Quartal 
 Bringt uns Kalte ohne Zahl. 
 
 Winter and Spring. 
 Hiver doux printemps sec : 
 Hiver rude printemps pluvieux. Nord. 
 
 Al inverno lluvioso 
 
 Verano abundoso Spain : 
 
 i.e., After a rainy winter follows a fruitful spring. 
 
 Spater Winter spates Friihjahr. 
 
 Winter and Summer. 
 
 Inverna slit (dry), 
 D'esta bon friit 
 
 Winter is summer's heir. 
 
 Wie es wintert, so sommert es. 
 
 But, on the other hand, 
 Hiver humide e'te sec. Nord. 
 
 Serein d'hiver, pluie d'ete, 
 Ne font jamais pauvrete. 
 
 Corresponding with the Italian proverb, 
 Sere d'inverna e bon aqua d'esta 
 Ne malatia, ne fam 1'a mai porta. Milan. 
 
10 WINTER. 
 
 Se bel 1'e sta 1'inverna e free 1'esta 
 Gran raccolt no sta a spera. Milan. 
 Winter thunder and summer's flood 
 Never boded England any good. 
 
 Winter thunder, 
 Summer's hunger. 
 
 Winter finds out what summer lays up. 
 
 En hiver pair tout pleut, 
 En 6t6 la oil Dieu veut. 
 
 L'hiver nous fait plus de mal que Te'te' ne nous fait 
 du bien. 
 
 En hiver au lit ou aupres du feu, 
 Et en dte au soleil et au jeu. 
 
 General Proverbs. . 
 
 The Venetians say, 
 Inverno inferno : 
 
 the meaning of which may be guessed : nor are the Ger- 
 mans much more complimentary to this season in their 
 proverb 
 Der Winter ist ein unwerther Gast fiir alle Leute. 
 
 En hiver, eau ou bruine, 
 
 Vent neige ou grele pour voisine. 
 
 In winter a fire is better than a Muscat rose. 
 Persia. 
 
 The fire is winter's fruit. Arabia. 
 
 Winter never rots in the sky. 
 So the Italians say, 
 
 Ne caldo, ne gelo 
 Non resto mai in cielo. 
 
SPRING. 1 1 
 
 L'tyver est dans un bissac, 
 
 S'il n'est pas dans un bout, il est dans I'autre. 
 Calvados. 
 
 L'hiver n'est pas batard : 
 S'il ne vient tot, il vient tard. 
 
 SPRING. 
 
 Late. 
 
 A late spring 
 
 Is a great blessing. 
 
 And the Italian proverb is almost identical, 
 Primavera tardida 
 Mai falida : 
 i.e., A late spring never deceives. 
 
 Better late ripe and bear than early blossom and 
 blast. 
 
 Cold. 
 
 A cold spring kills the roses. Arabia. 
 
 Cold weather in spring makes the ass shiver. 
 Sardinia. 
 
 Wet. 
 
 Jamais pluie au printemps 
 Ne passe pour mauvais temps. 
 
 A wet spring a dry harvest. 
 Fine. 
 
 The Russians say, 
 
 " A fine spring is good for everybody." 
 
12 SPRING. 
 
 Thunder. 
 
 Thunder in spring 
 Cold will bring. 
 
 Shearing. 
 
 You may shear your sheep 
 When the elder blossoms peep. 
 
 Sowing, 
 
 Nae hurry wi' your corns, 
 
 Nae hurry wi' your harrows ; 
 Snaw lies ahint the dyke, 
 
 Mair may come and fill the furrows. Scotland. 
 
 Sow wheat in dirt and rye in dust. 
 
 Exactly corresponding with the French, 
 Seme les seigles dans la terre poudreuse, 
 Et les froments dans la terre bourbeuse. Rhone. 
 
 Sow thin shear thin. 
 
 But the French say, 
 Qui seme dru 
 Recolte menu. Moselle. 
 
 Sow beans in the mud 
 
 And they'll grow like a wood. 
 
 When the sloe tree is as white as a sheet, 
 Sow your barley whether it be dry or wet. 
 
 When the oak puts on his gosling grey, 
 Tis time to sow barley, night or day. 
 
 Cuckoo. 
 
 When the cuckoo comes to the bare thorn, 
 Sell your cow and buy your corn : 
 
SPRING. 13 
 
 But when she comes to the full bit, 
 Sell your corn and buy your sheep : 
 i.e., A late spring is bad for cattle, and an early spring for 
 corn. RAY. 
 
 The French say, 
 Si lou coucou ve nud, 
 Belco de paillo, paou de gru Dordogne : 
 i.e.. If the cuckoo comes when the trees are bare, there will 
 be much straw but little grain. 
 
 The cuckoo comes in mid March 
 And cucks in mid April : 
 And goes away at Lammas tide, 
 When the corn begins to fill. 
 
 In April, 
 
 The cuckoo shows his bill ; 
 
 In May, 
 
 He sings all day : 
 
 In June, 
 
 He alters his tune : 
 
 In July, 
 
 He prepares to fly : 
 
 In August, 
 
 Go he must. 
 
 Heywood, in his epigram, "Of Use," 1587, alludes to the 
 Cuckoo's change of note in June, as follows : 
 
 In Aprill, the Koocoo can sing her song by rote, 
 In June, of tune, she cannot sing a note : 
 At first, koo-coo, koo-coo, sing still can she do, 
 At last, kooke, kooke, kooke; six kookes to one koo. 
 
 In England and Bohemia the I4th of April is called "Cuckoo 
 day/' in Germany, the I5th. 
 
14 SPRING. 
 
 The Venetians say, 
 
 Ai oto de April el cuco ha da vegnir : 
 
 E se nol vien ai oto, di 'che Te preso o che 1'e morto : 
 
 E se nol vien ai diese, 
 
 L'e preso per le siese ; 
 
 E se nol vien ai vinti, 
 
 L'e preso in t'i forminti ; 
 
 E se nol vien ai trenta, 
 
 El pastor 1'ha magnk co la polenta : 
 
 i.e., The cuckoo ought to come on the 8th of April ; if he 
 does not come on the 8th, he has been either caught or is 
 dead : If he does not come on the loth, he has been 
 caught in the hedge ; if he does not come on the 2Oth, he 
 has been caught in the corn ; and if he does not come on 
 the 3Oth, the shepherd must have eaten him with polenta. 
 
 Swallow. 
 
 It is remarkable that most countries have a similar proverb 
 respecting the first appearance of the swallow. We say. 
 One swallow does not make a spring : 
 
 The Greeks, 
 fA/a 2gX/5wi> sag o(> <TTOISI : 
 
 The Romans, 
 Una hirundo non facit ver : 
 
 The French, 
 Une hirondelle ne fait pas le printemps : 
 
 The Germans, 
 Eine Schwalbe macht keinen Friihling : 
 
 The Dutch, 
 Een Swaluw maakt geen zomer : 
 
 The Swedes, 
 En Svala gor ingen sommar : 
 
 The Spanish, 
 Una golondrina no hace verano : 
 
SUMMER. 15 
 
 The Italians, 
 Una rondine non fa primavera. 
 
 General Proverbs. 
 
 The spring is not always green. 
 Spring is both father and mother to us, he who 
 does not sow will not reap. Gallida. 
 
 Spring and Summer. 
 
 Printemps sec e'te pluvieuse. 
 
 Viel Nebel im Friihjahr viel Regen in Sommer. 
 
 Spring and Autumn. 
 
 In spring a tub of rain makes a spoonful of mud : 
 In autumn a spoonful of rain makes a tub of mud. 
 
 Bohemia. 
 Spring rain damps autumn rain soaks. Russia. 
 
 Spring and Winter. 
 
 If there's spring in winter, and winter in spring, 
 The year wont be good for any thing. 
 
 So the French say, 
 Quand en hiver est ete, 
 Et en e'te hiverne'e, 
 Jamais n'est bon annee. 
 
 SUMMER. 
 Dry. 
 
 A dry summer never made a dear peck. 
 
 Wet. 
 
 Sommerregen, gliicklich die Felder die ihn bekom- 
 men : 
 i.e., Happy are the fields that receive summer rain. 
 
16 SUMMER. 
 
 Dry and Wet. 
 
 When the sand doth feed the clay 
 
 [Which is in a wet summer] 
 England woe and well a day ! 
 But when the clay doth feed the sand 
 
 [Which is in a dry summer] 
 Then it is well with England : 
 
 " Because there is more clay than sandy ground in Eng- 
 land" RAY. 
 
 Summer, Autumn, and Winter. 
 Der Sommer giebt korn ; 
 Der Herbst leert sein Horn : 
 Das Winter verzehrt 
 Was die Beiden bescheert. 
 
 Wer in Heumonat nicht gabelt, 
 Im Kornschnitt nicht zabelt, 
 Im Herbst nicht friih aufsteht 
 Mag seh'n wie es ihm im Winter geht. 
 
 Summer and Winter. 
 
 L'ete' pluvieux 1'hiver rigoureux. 
 
 So the Italian proverb, 
 Ombra d'estat dolur d'enveren. 
 
 L'&e orageux 1'hiver pluvieux. 
 
 Heisse Sommer und kalte Winter bringen keine 
 bose Zeit. 
 
 " The time will come," say the Bohemians, "when 
 Winter will ask us, 'What were you doing all the 
 summer ? ' " 
 
 Der Sommer ist ein Nahrer, 
 Der Winter ein Bezehrer. 
 
AUTUMN. I/ 
 
 Summer comes with a bound : winter comes yawn- 
 ing. Finland. 
 
 General Proverbs. 
 
 Frosty nights and hot sunny days 
 Set the corn fields all in a blaze. 
 
 Chi dis mal de 1'estat, corpo de Diana 
 
 El dis mal de la Vergine sovran a Bergamo : 
 
 i.e., He who speaks ill of summer, by the body of Diana, 
 
 he speaks ill of the sovereign Virgin mother : because 
 L'esta 1'e la mader dei poveret : 
 i.e., Summer is the mother of the poor. 
 
 An English summer, two hot days and a thunder- 
 storm. 
 
 AUTUMN. 
 
 Fine. 
 
 1st der Herbst warm, hell und klar, 
 
 So ist zu hoffen ein fruchtbar Jahr. Palatinate. 
 
 Autumn and Spring. 
 
 Pluie abondante pendant 1'automne annonce prin- 
 temps sec. 
 
 Autumn and Winter. 
 
 La muger del vinadero buen otono y mal invierno 
 
 Spain : 
 i.e., The vintager's wife prefers autumn to winter. 
 
 Viel Nebel im Herbst viel Schnee im Winter. 
 
 Harvest. 
 
 A long harvest a little corn. 
 
1 8 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MONTHS. 
 
 Short harvests make short addlings (earnings). 
 Yorkshire. 
 Transplanting. 
 
 If you would fruit have, 
 
 You must bring the leaf to the grave : 
 
 i.e., You must transplant your trees just about the fall of the 
 leaf, neither sooner nor much later : not sooner, because 
 of the motion of the sap ; not later, that they may have 
 time to take root before the deep frosts. RAY. 
 
 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MONTHS. 
 
 Janvier le fier, froid et frileux, 
 
 Fevrier le court et fievreux, 
 
 Mars poudreux, Avril pluvieux, 
 
 Mai joli, gai et venteux, 
 
 Denotent Tan fertile et plantureux. Cote d'Or. 
 
 Ol free de ZeneY, ol mal tep de Febrer. 
 
 I ventu de Marz, le pioisine d' Avril, 
 
 Ol sguas de Mas, ol bii racolt de Zogn, 
 
 Ol bat de Loi e i Sane aquaroi 
 
 Tone, Piero e Jacom, 
 
 E d'Agost la buna stagiu 
 
 I val pio del trono del re Salomu Bergamo ; 
 
 i.e., A cold January, a stormy February, a windy March, a 
 showery April, a dewy May, a good harvest in June, 
 threshing in July, the three Saints, Anthony (June 13), 
 Peter (June 29), and James (July 25) rainy, and a fine 
 August, are worth more than King Solomon's throne. 
 
 In Coar (Sept.-Oct.) the cold weather begins ; in 
 Cartic (Oct.-Nov.) it ends almost before it has 
 
JANUARY. 19 
 
 begun. Ughun (Nov.-Dec.) just gives time for 
 the water to boil (because the days are so short) ; 
 Poss (Dec. -Jan.) finds us creeping into corners 
 (to get warm). In Magh (Jan.-Feb.) the days 
 lengthen little by little : in P'hagoon (Feb.- 
 March) we begin to stretch our limbs (which 
 were cramped from the cold and wet). With 
 Cheyt (March-April) Nature wakes, and he who 
 feels dirty can wash himself. Hindustan. 
 
 JANUARY. 
 Cold. 
 
 A kindly good Janiveer 
 
 Freezeth the pot by the feer (fire). TUSSER. 
 
 Jack Frost in Janiveer 
 
 Nips the nose of the nascent year. 
 
 The blackest month in all the year 
 Is the month of Janiveer. 
 
 Janvier a quatre bonnets. 
 
 Gerar el g' a i dent lungh. Brescia. 
 
 Gran fred de Genar 
 L'impieniss el granar. Bergamo. 
 
 In January a man spends a few minutes in the sun- 
 shine, but all the rest of the day in the chimney- 
 corner. Portugal. 
 
 Quien no tiene calzas en Enero 
 No fies del tu dinero Spain : 
 
 i.e., Do not lend money to a man who does not wear breeches 
 in January (the coldest month in the year). 
 
2O JANUARY. 
 
 It is a general opinion that 
 As the day lengthens, 
 So the cold strengthens. 
 
 Thus we find, 
 
 a. Quand le jour croit 
 Aussi fait le froid. 
 
 b. Wachst der Tag wachst die Kalte. 
 
 c. Wann de Dage fangt an to langen 
 
 Fangt der Winter an to strengen. Platt Deutsch. 
 
 d. Cresce di, cresce'l freddo, dice il pescatore. 
 
 e. Luces crescentes faciunt decrescere sepes. 
 
 Mild. 
 
 If the grass grows in Janiveer, 
 
 It grows the worse for it all the year. RAY. 
 
 Exactly equivalent to the German proverb, 
 Wenn's Gras wachst in Januar 
 Wachst es schlecht durch's ganze Jahr. 
 
 Wenn in Januar die Frucht auf dem Felde wachst, 
 so wird sie theuer. 
 
 If you see grass in January, 
 Lock your grain in the granary. 
 
 So the Italians say, 
 Quando Jennajo mette erba 
 Se tu hai grano e tu lo serba. 
 
 Fleurs de Janvier, 
 
 Ne vont dans le panier. Ardeche. 
 
 January blossoms fill no man's cellars. Portugal. 
 
 A January spring 
 Is worth nothing. 
 
JANUARY. 21 
 
 Januar warm 
 Das's Gott erbarm' ! 
 
 So in Corsica, 
 Dio ti guard! di un buon Jennaro ! 
 
 Tanzen in Januar die Mucken 
 Muss der Bauer nach dem Futter gucken. Switzer- 
 land. 
 
 Corresponding with the Milanese, 
 Quand de Genar ta vedet el moscon, 
 Tegn di ciint ogni bocon : 
 
 i.e., When you see midges in January, treasure up every bit 
 (of fodder). 
 
 And with the French, 
 Si les mouches dansent en Janvier, 
 Le cultivateur devra s'inquieter de ses furrages. 
 Haut Rhin. 
 
 II vaudrait mieux vcir un loup sur un fumier 
 Qu'un homme en chemise en Janvier. Jura. 
 
 1st der Januar gelind 
 
 Lenz und Sommer fruchtbar sind. 
 
 Dry. 
 
 Genar sech 
 
 Paisa rech. Bergamo. 
 
 Quand sec est le mois de Janvier, 
 
 Ne doit se plaindre le fermier. Rhone. 
 
 Quand il ne pleut pas en Janvier, 
 
 II faut etayer le grenier. Tarn-et-Garonne. 
 
22 JANUARY. 
 
 And the Venetians say, 
 
 Genaro in polvere : 
 
 Fate '1 granaro de rovere. 
 
 i.e., If January be dusty, we shall have to make our grana- 
 ries of oak (because the weight they will have to sustain 
 will be great). 
 
 1st der Januar nicht nass 
 Fiillet sich des Winzer's Fass. 
 
 Wet. 
 
 A wet January is not so good for corn, but not so 
 bad for cattle. Portugal. 
 
 Pluie de Janvier cherte. 
 
 Im Januar viel Regen, wenig Schnee, 
 
 Thut Bergen Thalern und Baumen weh ! Eifel. 
 
 Misty. 
 
 Nebel im Januar 
 Macht ein nass Friihjahr. 
 
 Neplos de Janbie, mourtello malaoutio Lozere : 
 i.e., Brouillards de Janvier, maladie mortelle. 
 
 Thunder in January. 
 
 Thunder in January signifieth the same year great 
 winds, plentifull of corn and cattle, peradven- 
 ture. Book of Knowledge. 
 
 Quand il tonne en Janvier, 
 
 II tonne tous les mois de 1'annee. Vendee. 
 
 January foretelling the weather of the year. 
 
 Anfang und Ende vom Januar, 
 Zeigt das Wetter an fur's ganze Jahr. 
 
JANUARY. 23 
 
 January and February. 
 
 Genar e Febrar, 
 
 In dii mesche van de par Milan : 
 i.e., January and February are two months of the same 
 temperature. 
 
 Quand Zinvier fait 1'Feverier 
 Feve'rier fait 1'Zinvier. Picardy. 
 
 Les beaux jours de Janvier 
 Trompent I'homme en Fevrier. 
 
 Loila esadila hoila, ondotic darraic barandaila 
 
 Basque provinces: 
 i.e., January, do not boast (of your fine weather), for 
 
 February is close at your heels. 
 
 January and February 
 Fill or empty the granary. 
 
 Janvier et Fevrier 
 
 Comblent ou vuident le grenier. 
 
 Gennar el fa i pont e Febrar el ie romp Bergamo : 
 i.e., January makes bridges (of ice) and February breaks 
 them. 
 
 Enero y Febrero comen mas que Madrid y Toledo. 
 i.e., January and February eat more than Madrid and 
 
 Toledo. 
 " Alluding to the herdsmen and others who deal in cattle, 
 
 to express the quantity they dispose of, and the scarcity 
 
 of pasture in those months." COLLINS. 
 
 January and March. 
 
 March in Janiveer, 
 Janiveer in March, I fear. 
 
24 JANUARY. 
 
 So in Germany, 
 
 Den Marz furcht' ich in Januar, 
 Im Januar den Marz, fiirwahr. 
 
 January, March, and April. 
 
 In January should sun appear, 
 March and April pay full dear. 
 
 January and May. 
 Who in Janiveer sows oats, 
 Gets gold and groats : 
 
 Who sows in May, 
 Gets little that way. 
 
 Genar el fa i pecat e Mag l'e condanat Milan : 
 i.e., January commits the fault and May bears the blame. 
 
 General Proverbs (Fowls). 
 
 If one but knew how good it were 
 
 To eat a pullet in Janiveer, 
 
 If he had twenty in a flock, 
 
 He'd leave but one to go with cock. RAY. 
 The Spaniards say, 
 
 Polio di Enero sube con el padre al gallinero : 
 
 i.e., The January fowl follows the cock to roost, (as being the 
 favourite). " Fowls reared in January are supposed to be 
 stronger than those hatched in warm weather." 
 
 (Mole.) 
 Wirft der Maulwurf im Januar, so dauert der Winter 
 
 bis Mai. 
 
 (Woodpecker.) 
 
 Quando canta il pigozzo di Gennaio 
 Tieni a mano il pagliaio Venetia ; 
 i.e., When the Woodpecker sings in January, keep your 
 
 fodder till the morrow (for it is a sign of snow or rain). 
 
DAYS IN JANUARY. 25 
 
 DAYS IN JANUARY. 
 
 1. Feast of the Circumcision. 
 
 The Feast of the Circumcision was very generally considered 
 by our forefathers as ominous, and as prognosticating the 
 weather of the ensuing year. So we read in Digges' 
 ' Prognosticacion Everlasting of ryghte goode Effect,' 
 4to., Lond. 1596, page 12, the following curious direc- 
 tions : 
 
 " It is affirmed by some, when New Yeare's day fall- 
 eth on the Sunday, then a pleasant winter doth 
 ensue : a naturall summer : fruite sufficient : 
 harvest indifferent, yet some winde and raine : 
 many marriages : plentie of wine and honey : 
 
 . death of young men and cattell : robberies in 
 most places : newes of prelates, of kinges : and 
 cruell warres in the end. 
 
 " On Monday, a winter somewhat uncomfortable : 
 summer temperate : no plentie of fruite : many 
 fansies and fables opened : agues shall raigne : 
 kings and many others shall dye : marriages shall 
 be in most places : and a common fall of gentle- 
 men. 
 
 " On Tuesday, a stormie winter : a wet summer : a 
 divers harvest: corne and fruite indifferent, yet 
 hearbes in gardens shall not flourish : great 
 sicknesse of men, women, and young children. 
 Beasts shall hunger, starve and dye of the botch : 
 many shippes, gallies and hulkes shall be lost : 
 and the bloodie flixes shall kill many men : all 
 things deare, save corne. 
 
26 DAYS IN JANUARY. 
 
 " On Wednesday, lo, a warme winter : in the end 
 snowe and frost : a cloudie summer, plentie of 
 fruite, corne, hay, wine, and honey : great paine 
 to women with childe, and death to infants : 
 good for sheepe : news of kinges : great warres : 
 battell, and slaughter towards the middell. 
 
 " On Thursday, winter and summer windie : a rainie 
 harveste : therefore wee shall have overflowings : 
 much fruite : plentie of honey : yet flesh shall 
 be deare : cattell in general shall die : great 
 trouble, warres, &c.; with a licencious life of 
 the feminine sexe. 
 
 " On Friday, winter stormie : summer scant and 
 pleasant : harvest indifferent : little store of 
 fruite, of wine and honey : corne deare : many 
 bleare eyes : youth shall dye : earthquakes are 
 perceived in many places : plentie of thunders, 
 lightnings, and tempestes : with a sudden death 
 of cattell. 
 
 " On Saturday, a mean winter : summer very hot : 
 a late harvest : good cheape garden hearbs : 
 much burning: plentie of hempe, flax, and 
 honey. Old folke shall dye in most places : 
 fevers and tercians shall grieve many people : 
 great muttering of warres : murthers shall be 
 suddenly committed in many places for light 
 
 There are also predictions not much varying from the above, 
 in the ' Shepherd's Kalendar : ' onlyjin the latter work the 
 compiler refers the reader, for authorities, to " the learned 
 and wise men of the Chaldeans, Arabians, Egyptians, and 
 many Europeans," with this judicious addition, "leaving 
 
DAYS IN JANUARY. 27 
 
 the event to take effect, from your making remarks on 
 what has been hinted, as you find it come to pass." 
 
 In the South of France the first six days of January, called 
 "Les Calendes" (see on Jan. 25), are considered to fore- 
 tell the character of the weather which will prevail during 
 the first six months of the year. 
 
 In Banffshire, particular attention is paid to the three first 
 days of winter, and to the first night of January, which is 
 called "Oidhch' Choille," for "on the first night, they 
 observe, with anxious attention, the disposition of the 
 atmosphere. As it is calm or boisterous, as the wind 
 blows from the S. or the N., from the E. or the W., 
 they prognosticate the nature of the weather till the con- 
 clusion of the year. The first night of the new year 
 when the wind blows from the W., they call " dar-na- 
 coille," i.e., the night of the fecundation of the trees. 
 P. KIRKMICHAEL : Statistic. Ace. xii. 458. 
 
 But in Belgium a north wind blowing on New Year's night is 
 considered to prognosticate a fruitful season. 
 
 If New Year's day in the morning open with red 
 dusky clouds, it denotes strife and debates 
 among great ones, and many robberies to hap- 
 pen during the year. Shepherd's Kalendar. 
 And so the German proverb, 
 
 Morgenroth am ersten Tag 
 
 Unwetter bringt und gross e Flag'. 
 
 If January Kalends be summerly gay, 
 
 'Twill be winterly weather to the Kalends of May. 
 
 Lengthening of the Days. 
 
 At New Year's tide 
 The days lengthen a cock's stride. 
 With which may be compared, 
 
 a. Um Neujahr hat der Tag einen Hahnenschritt 
 gewonnen. 
 
28 DAYS IN JANUARY. 
 
 b. Przybylo dnia na kurza stope Polish : 
 
 i.e., At New Year's day the day has advanced a cock's stride. 
 
 c. A 1'an neuf 
 
 Les jours croissant le repas d' un boeuf. 
 
 At New Year's day a cock's stride : 
 At Candlemas an hour wide. 
 
 Till New Year, sweat : 
 Till May, no heat. 
 
 2. (St Macarius of Alexandria.) 
 
 There was an old superstition that the weather of the first 
 twelve days in January foretold the weather which 
 could prevail in the twelve months of the year. These 
 days are called in Brittany " Gourd e'siou, " i. e., Head or 
 chief days. That this belief was shared by our ancestors 
 is evident from the following extract from Lloyd's " Diall 
 of Daies," 4to, Lond. 1590, fol. B. 3. 
 
 " Jan. 2. This day sheweth the nature and state 
 of September." 
 
 "Thus the Germans say 
 
 " ' Wie das Wetter am Makarius war, 
 So wird's im September, triib oder klar.' 
 
 "Jan. 4. This day doth shew the nature and 
 
 state of November. 
 "Jan. 8. This day before noone declared the 
 
 nature of June, and after noone the nature of 
 
 May. 
 " Jan. 9. This daye openeth the nature of August 
 
 before noone, and after noone doth shew the 
 
 state of July, as in Practica Rusticorum is laid 
 
 down. 
 
DAYS IN JANUARY. 2Q 
 
 "Jan. 10. This day sheweth the nature of 
 
 October before noone, and after noone the 
 
 nature of September. 
 "Jan. ii. Before noone, this day declareth the 
 
 nature of December, and after noone the nature 
 
 of November. 
 "Jan. 12. This day being the twelfe, doth fore- 
 
 shewe the nature and condition of the whole 
 
 year, and doth confirme the eleven daies going 
 
 before." 
 
 4. (St Pharailde.) 
 
 If the sun shine on this day, the Belgians consider it to prog- 
 nosticate pestilence. Hence the proverb, 
 
 De Sainte Pharailde la chaleur, 
 C'est sa colere et c'est not' malheur. 
 
 6. (The Epiphany.) 
 Si le soleil luit le jour des Rois, 
 II y aura deux hivers. Charente. 
 
 Considered by the Italians to be one of the coldest days. 
 
 Thus they say : 
 All' Epifania 
 El free 1'ismania. Bergamo. 
 
 And 
 
 D 'Epifania 
 
 El pii gran fred che mai ghe sia Milan : 
 i.t., At Epiphany is the greatest cold we can have. 
 
 In Dalmatia there is a proverb that 
 " If you were to ask a wolf when he felt the cold 
 most, he would say ' At the winter solstice ' 
 (which is at Epiphany)." 
 
30 DAYS IN JANUARY. 
 
 So, too, on the Rhine, 
 De hilgen drei Kiienige bugget (baut) 'ne Brugge, 
 
 oder tebreaket (zerbricht) eine : 
 i.e., The three holy kings build a bridge or break one : 
 
 meaning that either a hard frost or a thaw conies at this 
 
 season, 
 
 Second Sunday after the Epiphany ; 
 
 In the Roman Kalendar, this is the feast of the Holy Name of 
 
 Jesus. 
 
 An Jesu Namen so nah' als moglich dem Ofen : 
 i.e. , On the Feast of the Holy Name sit as close as you can to 
 
 the fire. 
 In the Kalendar of the English Church, the 7th of August is 
 
 dedicated to the name of our blessed Lord, according to 
 
 the use of Sarum. 
 
 12. "If the sun shines on this day, it foreshows 
 much wind." Husbandman 's Practice. 
 
 14. (St Hilary.) 
 The coldest day of the year. Yorkshire. 
 
 17. (St Antony the Hermit.) 
 
 Zent Tonnes brengt Is of brecht Is. Aix la 
 Chapelle. 
 i.e., St Antony brings ice or breaks it. 
 
 "With which may be compared, 
 Sant Anton e de Zener, se '1 g'a giazz el la ol desfa, 
 
 se nol la trou la ol fa : 
 
 i.e., St Antony in January to distinguish him from S. 
 Antony of Padua, whose festival is in June if he finds 
 ice, he melts it ; if he does not find it, he makes it. Milan. 
 
 Sant Antoni, mercant de nev. Milan. 
 
DAYS IN JANUARY. 3! 
 
 Sant Antoni de la barba blanca, 
 Se no gh'e giazz, gh'e sposa blanca (i.e., snow). 
 Bergamo. 
 
 II barbuto, il frecciato, e il pettinato, 
 
 II freddo e andato Tuscany : 
 
 i.e., When the bearded saint (S. Antony), he who was 
 pierced with arrows (St Sebastian, Jan. 20), and the 
 comber (St Blasius, Feb. 4), have passed, then the cold 
 is over. 
 
 Sant Antone fa i punt e San Paol el ie romp Ber- 
 gamo : 
 
 i.e., St Antony makes bridges, and S. Paul (Jan. 25) breaks 
 them. 
 
 Alluding to the lengthening of the days, we find the following 
 proverbs: 
 
 a. A la Saint Antoine, 
 
 Les jours croissent le repas d'un moine. Nor- 
 mandy. 
 
 b. Sant Antoni n'ora bona Milan : 
 i.e., At St Antony's day, a good hour. 
 
 c. A San Antone. 
 
 Ol de se slunga ii passe de demone Bergamo : 
 
 i.e., At St Antony's tide 
 
 The days lengthen a demon's stride. 
 
 18. (St Peter's Chair at Rome.) 
 A la Saint Pierre, 
 I/'hiver s'en va ou il ressere. 
 
 Inde Cathed : S. Petri 40 dies rigidos et totidem 
 S. Matthias denunciant. Hie rumpere glaciem 
 dicitur (see on S. Matthias) et, nisi reperiat, 
 afferre. Bticelinus. 
 
32 DAYS IN JANUARY. 
 
 Wenn's friert op Petri Stuhlfeier, 
 
 Friert es noch vierzehnmal heuer. Holstein. 
 
 In Petri Cathedra glacie si stringitur unda, 
 Non perit ante dies haec quater atque decem. 
 
 20. (SS. Fabian and Sebastian.) 
 
 In Germany this day seems to be considered as that on which 
 nature begins to awaken. Thus in Holstein there is a 
 saying 
 
 Fabian Sebastian 
 
 Lett den Saft in 't Holt gaen : 
 
 With which may be compared, 
 Dum Fabianus adest humorem percipit arbor, 
 Reddidit arboribus succus post festa Sebasti. 
 
 Buckler. 
 
 San Bastian 
 Co la viola in man : 
 
 Viola o no viola, de 1'inverno semo fora Venice : 
 i.e., St Sebastian, violet in hand : violet or no violet, we are 
 quit of winter. 
 
 A la Saint Sebastien 
 
 L'hiver reprend ou se casse les dents. Nord. 
 
 21. (St Agnes.) 
 
 St Agnes treibt die Lerchen aus der Stadt. 
 
 Sant Agnes 
 
 El fred 1'e per i ges Bergamo : 
 
 i.e., On St Agnes' day the cold comes through the chinks. 
 
 A Sant Agnes 
 
 La loserta fo d' la ses Bergamo : 
 
 i.e., On St Agnes' day the lizard comes out of the hedge. 
 
DAYS IN JANUARY. 33 
 
 22. (SS. Vincent, Timotheus.) 
 
 The state of the weather on this day is supposed throughout 
 the Continent to have a great influence on the coming 
 vintage. So we find the old leonine verses, 
 Vincenti festo, si sol radiet, memor esto : 
 Para tuas cuppas, quia multas colliges uvas. 
 
 The French version of which runs as follows : 
 Prends garde an jour de Saint Vincent, 
 Car si ce jour tu vois et sens 
 Que le soleil soit clair et biau, 
 Nous erons plus de vin que d'eau. Cote d'Or. 
 Um Vinzenzen Sonnenschein 
 Fiillt die Fasser mit Wein. 
 
 The country people about Wurzburg say, 
 Vincentii Sonnenschein 
 Bringt viel Korn und Wein : 
 Bringt er aber Wasserflut, 
 Ist's fur beides nicht gut. 
 If the sun shine on the 22d of January, there shall 
 
 be much wind. Husbandman's Practice. 
 A la Saint Vincent 
 L'hyver se reprend, 
 Tout gele ou tout fend, 
 On se ro'mpt la dent. Calendrier des bons La- 
 
 boureurs. 
 
 A Saint Vincent 
 Les glaciers perdent leurs dents > 
 Ou les recouvrent pour long temps. Bouches-du- 
 Rhune. 
 
 A la Saint Vincent 
 L'hiver s'engrine, si 1'attens. 
 c 
 
34 DAYS IN JANUARY. 
 
 A Sant Visenz la gran fredlira, 
 
 A Sant Lorenz (Aug. 10) la gran caldura. Brescia. 
 
 The Russians consider that on this day (the festival of St 
 Timothy in the calendar of the Greek Church) half of 
 winter has elapsed. 
 
 25. (Conversion of St Paul.) 
 
 " I do not find that any one has even hazarded a conjecture 
 why prognostications of the weather, &c., for the whole 
 year, are to be drawn from the appearance of this day." 
 Brand's Pop. Antiq., vol i. p. 39. It is singular, also, 
 that this day was numbered among the "dies Egyptiaci," 
 or unlucky days, by the old prognosticators ; of which 
 the Venerable Bede says that as Egypt in Greek signifies 
 darkness, the day of death is called an Egyptian day, and 
 that there are twenty-two days in the year in which an 
 hour is terrible to mortals. 
 
 The old historian, William of Newbury, thinks that they 
 were called "Egyptian days" from the authors of this 
 superstition (lib. iv. cap. I ) ; and this opinion is also 
 entertained by Wormius (Fast. Dan., p. 74), who says : 
 "Immo etiam deventum est ut dies omnes infausti ha- 
 biti, Egyptiaci vulgo dicantur ; quia Egyptii prae reliquis 
 huic superstition! dediti fuere : " and so Arnaud of Vil- 
 leneuve (de Regim : Sanitat : cap. 37): " De diebus 
 Egyptiacis scriptis in antique Calendario, dico quod non 
 est causa naturalis quare fuerunt maledicti, sed super- 
 naturalis : nee fuerunt maledicti apud omnes gentes, sed 
 apud illos de regno Pharaonis." See, too, Durandus de 
 Rat. Div. Off. Lib. viii. cap. 4. 
 
 But to discuss the question of lucky and unlucky days is 
 not the object of the compiler of this work : and, re- 
 turning to the weather proverbs peculiar to this festival, 
 it is to be observed that there are sayings similar to the 
 following old Latin verses, in the English, French, 
 Danish, Dutch, German, Flemish, and Italian lan- 
 guages. 
 
DAYS IN JANUARY. 35 
 
 First, however, let it be remarked that of the Latin proverb 
 there are three versions, differing in a very slight degree, 
 viz. : 
 
 a. Clara dies Pauli bona tempora denotat anni : 
 Si nix vel pluvia, designat tempora cara : 
 
 Si fiant nebulae, morietur bestia quaeque : 
 Si fiant venti, praeliabunt prselia genti. 
 
 b. Clara dies Pauli bona tempora nunciat anni : 
 Si fuerint venti, comitantur praelia genti : 
 
 Si nix aut pluvia, designat tempora rara : 
 Si fuerint nebulas, pereunt animalia peste. 
 
 c. Clara dies Pauli bonitatem denotat anni : 
 Si fuerint venti, crudelia praelia genti : 
 Quando sunt nebulae, pereunt animalia quaeque : 
 Si nix aut pluvia, tune fiunt omnia cara. 
 
 The English saying is as follows : 
 If the day of St Paul be clere, 
 Then shall betide a happy yeere : 
 If it do chaunce to snow or raine, 
 Then shall be deare all kinds of graine : 
 But if the winde then bee alofte, 
 Warres shall vex this realm e full ofte : 
 And if the cloudes make dark the sky, 
 Both neate and fowle this yeere shall die. 
 
 Two others may be mentioned : 
 
 If the sun shines on this day, it betokens a good 
 year ; if it rain or snow, indifferent ; if misty, it 
 predicts great dearth ; if it thunder, great winds 
 and death of people that year. Book of Know- 
 ledge. 
 
36 DAYS IN JANUARY. 
 
 If it be a fair day, it will be a pleasant year : if 
 it be windy, there will be wars : if it be cloudy, 
 it foreshadows the plague that year. Diall of 
 Dates. 
 
 The French proverb is thus given by Brand : 
 De Sainct Paule le claire journee 
 Nous denote une bonne amide. 
 S'il fait vent, nous aurons la guerre, 
 S'il neige ou pleut, cherte sur terre : 
 S'on voit fort epais les brouillars 
 Mortalite de toutes parts. 
 
 And thus in Notes and Queries, Series I., vol. ix. p. 
 
 307: 
 
 Si le jour Saint Paul le convers 
 Se trouve byaucob descouvert, 
 L'on aura pour celle sayson 
 Du bled et du foyn k foyson : 
 Et sy ce jour fait vant sur terre, 
 Ce nous synyfye guerre : 
 S'yl pleut ou nege, sans fallir. 
 Le chier tans nous doet asalir : 
 Si de nyelle faict, brunes ou brouillars, 
 Selon le dyt de nos vyellars, 
 Mortalitey nous est ouverte. 
 
 Compare the German proverbs : 
 Sanct Paulus klar 
 Bringt gutes Jahr : 
 So er bringt wind, 
 Regnet's geschwind. 
 Sanct Paulus klar mit Sonnenschein 
 Bringt Fruchtbarkeit dem Korn und Wein, 
 
DAYS IN JANUARY. 37 
 
 In the north of Italy the country people carefully notice the 
 weather of the first twenty-four days of this month, which 
 they call "Zorni endegari," or "Calende," and from 
 them deduce prognostications for the whole year. They 
 begin with New Year's day, which is termed " Zenaro" 
 i.e., January and so proceed to the I2th, giving to each 
 day the name of the corresponding month, the weather 
 of which it is considered to foretell. On the I3th, re- 
 versing the order, they go on to the 24th, which they also 
 call January, whilst the I3th is December, the I4th, No- 
 vember, &c. Thus, if the 7th and i8th, the days corre- 
 sponding to July, should prove wet and stormy, the 
 weather of that month would be of the same character. 
 However, if the 25th, the day following these Calende, 
 be partly fine and partly wet, the whole prognostication 
 is considered to be uncertain. Bonifacio, Proverbi Lom- 
 bardi. 
 
 Hence the proverbs : 
 Se'l giorno de San Paol Pe sciiro, 
 De la ghirlande no me n'inciiro -Milan : 
 i.e., If St Paul's day be cloudy, I need not trouble myself 
 about the Ghirlanda. 
 
 San Paol de le Calende, 
 De le calenda no me n'inciiro, 
 Basta che a San Paol no fassa sciiro Milan : 
 i.e., St Paul of the Calende, with the Calende I don't trouble 
 myself, it is enough if St Paul's day is not cloudy. 
 
 Se San Paol Pe ciar e la Ceriola sciira, 
 De Pinverna no g'o pii paiira Milan : 
 i.e., If St Paul be clear and Candlemas cloudy, we have no 
 more cause to be afraid of winter. 
 
 Le jour Saint Paul 
 
 L'hiver se rompt le col. Calendrier des bons La- 
 boureurs. 
 
38 FEBRUARY. 
 
 Pauli Bekehr 
 
 Der halbe Winter bin, der halbe her : 
 i.e., On St Paul's day, half of winter is past, and half has to 
 come. 
 
 In Alsace there is a common belief that on the evening of 
 this day a fierce contest takes place among the winds, 
 and that the wind which proves victorious at midnight 
 will be the prevailing wind throughout the year. 
 
 27. (St Julian.) 
 Saint Julien brise glace, 
 
 S'il ne la brise, il Pembrasse. 
 
 28. (St Charlemagne.) 
 
 Saint Charlemagne aime la vigne et les arbres frui- 
 tiers. Belgium. 
 
 FEBRUARY. 
 
 Cold. 
 
 Februeer 
 
 Doth cut and shear. 
 
 The country people in Picardy have a nursery rhyme in 
 
 which the thrush is represented as saying, 
 Fevrier Fevriot, 
 Si tu geles, t'engeleros mes t'chiots (my young 
 
 ones). 
 
 Mild. 
 
 When gnats dance in February, the husbandman 
 
 becomes a beggar. 
 Wenn im Februar tanzen die Miicken auf dem 
 
 Mist, 
 So verschliess dein Futter in die Kist. EifeL 
 
FEBRUARY. 39 
 
 Wenn im Hornung die Miicken schwarmen 
 Muss man im Marz die Ohren warmen. 
 
 The Welshman had rather see his dam on the bier 
 Than see a fair Februeer. 
 
 The German version of which is, 
 Im Hornung sieht man lieber den Wolf, als einen 
 
 Bauern in Hemdsarmeln ; 
 
 and the French, 
 
 Vaut autant voir un loup dans un troupeau 
 Que le mois de Fevrier beau. Vaucluse. 
 
 All the months of the year 
 Curse a fair Februeer. 
 
 February singing 
 Never stints stinging. 
 
 Si he'oure non he sas he sas heouretats, 
 Touts es messes sou courrouQats Hautes Pyre- 
 nees : 
 
 i.e., Si Fevrier ne donne pas ses bourrasques, 
 Tous les mois sont courrouces. 
 
 Dry. 
 
 Si Fevrier n'a ni pluie ni giboule'e, tous les mois de 
 1'an seront ennuyeux. Gers. 
 
 If in February there be no rain, 
 'Tis neither good for hay nor grain. 
 
 Wet. 
 
 February, an ye be fair, 
 
 The hoggs '11 mend, and naething pair (lessen) : 
 
 February, an ye be foul, 
 
 The hoggs '11 die in ilka pool. Tweedside. 
 
40 FEBRUARY. 
 
 Quando llueve en Hebrero 
 Todo el afio ha tempero Spain: 
 
 i.e., If it rains in February, it will be temperate throughout 
 the year. 
 
 Eau de Fevrier 
 
 Vaut jus de fumier. Manche. 
 
 Bon aqua de Febrar 
 Empieniss el granar. Milan. 
 
 Si FeVrier laisse les fosse's pleins 
 
 Les garniers deviendront pleins. Charente. 
 
 February fill dyke 
 
 With what thou dost like. Tusser. 
 
 Snow in February. 
 
 February fill ditch, 
 
 Black or white (*>., rain or snow), don't care which : 
 
 If it be white, 
 
 It's the better to like. 
 
 Neou (Neige) qud toumbo al me's de Febrio 
 Met'en bello humou (bel humeur) 1'usurio. Lozere. 
 
 Die weisse Gans (/>., snow) im Februar briitet 
 besser. 
 
 Neige qui donne Fevrier 
 
 Met peu de b\6 au grenier. Lot et Garonne. 
 
 Short. 
 
 Fevrier le court, 
 Le pire de tout. 
 
 So the Italian proverbs, 
 a. Febrar curt, peg de tut. Milan. 
 
FEBRUARY. 41 
 
 b. L'e curt Febrar 
 
 Ma semper amar. Bergamo. 
 
 Februus est brevis et sociorum pessimus idem. 
 Febrar curt, malan lungh Milan : 
 i.e., February is short, its discomfort long. 
 
 Fevrier entre tous les mois 
 
 Le plus court et moins courtois. 
 
 So sagte der Bauer, 
 
 Ein kurzer Hornung sei ein Lauer. 
 
 Deceitful. 
 
 Frearzu facies facies Sardinia : 
 i.e., Double-faced February. 
 
 Thunder in February. 
 
 In February if thou hearest thunder, 
 Thou wilt see a summer's wonder. 
 
 S'il tonne en Fevrier, 
 
 II faut jeter les futes sur le fumier. Charente. 
 
 Thunder in February signifieth that same year 
 many rich men shall die in great sickness. 
 Book of Knowledge. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Heftige Nordwinde am Ende Februar 
 Vermelden ein fruchtbares Jahr : 
 Wenn Nordwind aber im Februar nicht will, 
 So kommt er sicher in April. 
 
 Grain. 
 
 Belle avoine de Fevrier 
 
 Donne esperance au grenier. Calvados. 
 
42 DAYS IN FEBRUARY. 
 
 Local Proverb. 
 
 The fair day of Auld Deer (3d Thursday in Feb- 
 ruary) 
 Is the warst day in a' the year. Aberdeen. 
 
 February and March. 
 
 February makes a bridge and March breaks it. 
 
 Si Fevrier ne fevrote (i.e., does not play its proper 
 
 part), 
 Mars vient qui le garrotte. 
 
 Se Febrar no'l febrareza, 
 Marz el verdeza. Milan. 
 
 Se Febrie non febrijo 
 Se Mars non marsejo, 
 Toute 1'annado malaoutejo Ariege: 
 i.e., If February and March do not play their proper part 
 (rain), there will be much rain throughout the year. 
 
 Fevrier doit remplir les fosses, Mars les doit rendre 
 seche. 
 
 February and Summer. 
 
 Aqua de Febrar, 
 Esta seren e ciar. 
 
 February and August. 
 
 1st der Februar kalt und trocken, so soil der August 
 heiss werden. 
 
 DAYS IN FEBRUARY. 
 
 2. (Purification of the Blessed Virgin.) 
 
 There is a general tradition," says Sir Thomas 
 
DAYS IN FEBRUARY. 43 
 
 Browne in his ' Vulgar Errors,' " in most parts 
 of Europe, that inferreth the coldness of suc- 
 ceeding winter from the shining of the sun on 
 Candlemas - day, according to the proverbial 
 distich 
 
 Si Sol splendescat Maria purificante, 
 Major erit glades post festum quam fuit ante." 
 
 Another Latin rhyme is, 
 Imber si datur, Virgo dum purificatur, 
 Inde notatur quod hiems abinde fugatur : 
 Si Sol det radium, frigus erit nimium. 
 
 There are several English versions of these Latin sayings, 
 e.g. 
 
 a. When on the Purification sun hath shined, 
 The greater part of winter comes behind. 
 
 b. If Candlemas-day be dry and fair, 
 
 The half o' winter 's to come and mair : 
 
 If Candlemas be wet and foul, 
 
 The half o' winter 's gane at Yule. Scotland. 
 
 c. If Candlemas-day be fair and bright, 
 Winter will have another flight : 
 
 But if it be dark with clouds and rain, 
 Winter is gone and won't come again. 
 
 The French say : 
 La Chandeleur noire, 
 L'hiver a fait son devoir : 
 La Chandeleur trouble, 
 L'hiver redouble. 
 
44 DAYS IN FEBRUARY. 
 
 The Germans : 
 
 a. Ist's zu Lichtmess hell und rein, 
 Wird ein langen Winter sein : 
 Wenn es stiirmt und schneit, 
 
 1st der Friihling nicht mehr weit. Rhenish 
 Palatinate. . 
 
 b. Scheint zu Lichtmess die Sonne heiss, 
 Kommt noch sehr viel Schnee und Eis. 
 The Italians : 
 
 Neve o nevischio dia la Candelaja 
 Poco vache 1'inverno non dispaja : 
 Ma se invece dia pioggia ovver sereno, 
 Altri quaranta di d'inverno Bergamo : 
 i.e., If on Candlemas-day there be snow or hail, we shall 
 soon have done with winter : but if there be rain or sun- 
 shine, winter will continue for 40 days. 
 
 The Basques have a proverb, 
 Ganderalu hoz, 
 Negua boz : 
 Ganderalu bero, 
 Negua Pascos guero : 
 i.e., If Candlemas be cold, the winter will be mild : but if 
 
 Candlemas be hot, winter will last till after Easter. 
 
 If Candlemas-day be fair and clear 
 There'll be two winters in the year. 
 
 Lichtmessen hell 
 Schindet den Buurn dat Fell : 
 Lichtmessen dunkel 
 
 Maakt den Buur torn Junker Platt Deutsch : 
 i.e., A clear Candlemas skins the peasant : a cloudy Candle- 
 mas makes him a nobleman. 
 
DAYS IN FEBRUARY. 45 
 
 As far as the sun shines on Candlemas- day, 
 So far will the snow blow in afore old May. 
 
 On Candlemas-day if the sun shines clear, 
 
 The shepherd had rather see his wife on the bier. 
 
 Zu Lichtmess sieht der Bauer lieber den Wolf in 
 Schafstalle, denn die Sonne. 
 
 Foul weather is no news ; hail, rain, and snow 
 Are now expected and esteemed no woe : 
 Nay, 'tis an omen bright, the yeomen say, 
 If Phoebus hides his face the second day. Poor 
 Robin's Almanack. 
 
 When Candlemas-day is come and gone, 
 The snow won't lie on a hot stone. 
 
 If Candlemas-day be fine and clear, 
 Corn and fruits will then be dear. 
 
 The German version of which is, 
 Wenn um Lichtmessen die Sonne scheint, kommt 
 
 arges Wetter und Heunoth. 
 
 As long as the bird sings before Candlemas it will 
 
 greet after it. 
 
 So the French, 
 
 Autant 1'alouette chante avant la Chandeleur, 
 Autant elle se tait apres. Yonne. 
 
 And the German, 
 So lange die Lerche vor Lichtmess singt, so lange 
 
 schweigt sie nach Lichtmess still. 
 
 La veille du Chandeleur 
 
 L'hiver se passe ou prend vigueur. 
 
46 DAYS IN FEBRUARY. 
 
 Cold. 
 
 At Candlemas 
 Cold comes to us. 
 
 So the Germans, 
 Lichtmess 
 Winter gewiss. 
 
 J'ouy le paresseux hyver, 
 Lequel disoit au laboureur : 
 Je ne manqueray d'arriver 
 
 Au plus tard a la Chandeleur. Cakndrier des bons 
 Labourenrs. 
 
 A la Chandeleur 
 
 Ou toutes betes sont en horreur. 
 
 A la Chandeleur 
 
 La grande douleur. Oise. 
 
 Si Thyver ne fait son devoir 
 En mois de Decembre et de Janvier, 
 Au plus tard il se era voir 
 
 Des la deuxieme FeVrier. Cakndrier des bons Lab- 
 oureurs. 
 
 The following French and German proverbs refer to animals 
 as connected with this day. 
 
 Bear. 
 
 Selon les anciens se dit : 
 Si le Soleil clarement luit, 
 A la Chandeleur vous verrez 
 Qu' encore un Hyver vous aurez : 
 Pourtant gardez bien votre foin, 
 Car il vous sera de besoin : 
 
DAYS IN FEBRUARY. 47 
 
 Par cette regie se gouverne 
 
 L'ours, qui retourne en sa caverne. BRAND. 
 
 Si le deuxieme de FeVrier 
 ~Le soleil apparait en tier, 
 L'ors, estonne a la lumiere, 
 Se va remettre en sa taniere : 
 Et 1'homme menager prend soin 
 De faire rasserer son foin : 
 Car Thyver, tout ainsi que Tours, 
 Sejourne aussi quarante jours. 
 
 A la Chandeleur 
 
 Grand froid, grande neige : 
 
 S'il fait beau, Tours sort de la taniere 
 
 Fait trois tours 
 
 Et rentre pour quarante jours. 
 
 Si fait beau et luit Chandeleur 
 Six semaines se cache Tours. 
 
 Sieht der Bar auf Lichtmess seinen Schatten, so 
 kriecht er wieder auf vierzig Tage in die Hohle. 
 
 De la Madona de la Ceriola 
 Da la tana Torso vien fora. 
 
 Badger. 
 
 Sonnt sich der Dachs in der Lichtmesswoche, 
 Geht auf vier Wochen er wieder zu Loche. Rhine. 
 
 Fox. 
 
 Scheint um Lichtmess die Sonne dem Pfaffen auf 
 den Altar, so muss der Fuchs wieder auf sechs 
 Wochen in's Loch. 
 
48 DAYS IN FEBRUARY. 
 
 Der Fuchs ist weis' : 
 
 Nach Lichtmess geht er nicht uber's Eis. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 When the wind's in the east on Candlemas-day, 
 There it will stick to the second of May. 
 
 Lengthening of the Days. 
 A la fete de la Chandeleur 
 Les jours croissent de plus d'une heure, 
 Et le froid pique avec douleur. 
 
 You should on Candlemas-day 
 Throw candles and candlestick away. 
 
 Agricultural Sayings. 
 
 In Esthonia the country people make this day a date from 
 which to begin farming operations ; hence the proverb, 
 
 In seven weeks the swine (must be driven out) ; in 
 eight, the cow to the meadow ; in ten, the 
 plough (will be put into use). 
 
 A la Chandeleur, cesse de filer, mets ton rouet 
 derriere la porte, et tire la charrue. Haut Rhin. 
 
 On Candlemas-day if the thorns hang a drop, 
 You are sure of a good pea crop. 
 
 Sow beans in Candlemas Waddle : 
 i.e., Wane of the moon. Somerset. 
 
 The farmer should have on Candlemas-day 
 Half his straw and half his hay. 
 
 Candlemas and Easter. 
 
 Lichtmess in Klee 
 Ostern im Schnee. 
 
DAYS IN FEBRUARY. 49 
 
 Custom in Belgium. 
 
 The people in the neighbourhood of Bruges believe that the 
 fertility or sterility of the year can be foretold in the 
 following manner. On Candlemas-day they drop the wax 
 of a taper that has been blessed into a bowl of water. If 
 it form little stars the year will be fruitful. 
 
 4. (St Blasius.) 
 
 A la fete de Saint Blaise 
 Le froid de 1'hiver s'apaise : 
 S'il redouble, et s'il reprend, 
 Bien long temps apres il se sent. 
 
 Per San Biag 
 
 On gran slavag Milan : 
 
 i.e., On St Blaise's day there are many puddles. 
 
 San Biasio 
 
 La tera va al so asio Venetia : 
 
 i.e., On St Blaise's day the ground becomes fit to cultivate. 
 
 5. (St Agatha.) 
 
 Rainy clouds on this day, say the Pyrenean peasants, foretell 
 hailstorms in the summer ; whence they are called " maire 
 des prigouls." 
 
 St Agatha is rich in snow. Esthenia. 
 
 A Sante Agate, si 1'aigue course dins la belierete 
 Lou lach couale dins la chadierette Basses Alpes : 
 i.e., A Sainte Agathe, si 1'eau court dans la ruisseau, 
 Le kit coule dans la chaudiere. 
 
 A Santo-Gateto, 
 Vai t'en a ta vigneto, 
 
 Si Ty vas par travailla ; i.e., pour travailler. 
 Vai te 1'y par gousta; *>., pour gouter. Hautes 
 Alpes. 
 
5O DAYS IN FEBRUARY. 
 
 Seme des oignons le jour ed 'Sainte Agathe, 
 Id' viendront gros comme el cul d'eine gate. 
 Picardy. 
 
 Le lendemain Saint Blaise 
 Souvent 1'hiver s'apaise. 
 
 Prenez bien garde au lendemain 
 De Saint Blaise, s'il est serein, 
 Car sela presage une anne'e 
 Toute fertile et fortune'e, 
 S'il neige ou pleut, sera cherte*, 
 S'il fait brouillard, mortalite, 
 S'il fait vent, nous verrons que mars 
 Fera voler son dtendard. Calendrier des bons 
 Laboureurs. 
 
 6. (St Dorothea.) 
 Sanct Dorothee 
 Bringt den meisten Schnee. 
 
 8. (St John of Matha.) 
 
 In Belgium the few fine days which occur at this season are 
 called " L'ete de Saint Jean." 
 
 1Q. (St Scholastica.) 
 
 Fine weather on St Scholastica's day betokens a 
 fine spring. Carinthia. 
 
 If the eighteen last days of February be 
 Wet, and the first ten of March, you'll see 
 That the spring quarter and the summer too 
 Will prove too wet, and danger to ensue. 
 
 11. (St Severinus.) 
 Sanct Severin 
 Wirft den kalten Stein (ice) in dem Rhein : 
 
DAYS IN FEBRUARY. 5 I 
 
 Sant Gertrude (March 17) mit der Maus 
 Holt ihn wieder heraus. Cologne. 
 See also St Catherine, November 25th. 
 
 12. (St Eulalia.) 
 
 Si le soleil rit le jour Sainte Eulalie 
 II y aura cidre et pomme a folie. 
 
 L'soleil, le jour Sainte Eulalie, 
 S'il fait le tour de vos pommis, 
 Ayant leur branchis bien fleuries ; i.e., covered with 
 
 snow: 
 II s' ra des pommes a pleine airie. Manche. 
 
 12, 13, 14. 
 
 Mrs Grant, in her ' Superstitions of the Highlanders,' vol. ii. 
 p. 17, says : "The Faoilteach, or three first days of 
 February, serve many poetical purposes in the Highlands. 
 They are said to have been borrowed for some purpose by 
 February from January, who was bribed by February 
 with three young sheep. These three days, by Highland 
 reckoning, occur between the nth and I5th of February; 
 and it is accounted a most favourable prognostic for the 
 ensuing year, that they should be as stormy as possible." 
 See also March 29, Borrowing Days. 
 
 14. (St Valentine.) 
 
 San Valentin girlanda (see S. Paul, January 25). 
 Cinquanta di'l comanda Venetia : 
 i.e., St Valentine's is a critical day it influences the fifty 
 
 following. 
 
 To St Valentine the spring is a neighbour. 
 
 Per San Valentin 
 
 L' inverna Pe al sd fin. Milan. 
 
52 DAYS IN FEBRUARY. 
 
 Da San Valentin 
 
 El giazzo tien su un gardelin Venetia ; 
 
 i.e., On St Valentine's day the ice will only bear a finch. 
 
 But, on the other hand, they say in Friuli, 
 On St Valentine's day our mill-wheels are all 
 
 frozen. 
 St Valentine, 
 
 Set thy hopper i.e., seed-basket by mine. 
 De San Valentin 
 
 Incomincia avegh' clira de 1' ortin Milan : 
 i.e., On St Valentine's day begin to pay attention to the 
 garden. 
 
 20-28. 
 
 The nights of this part of February are called in Sweden 
 " Steel Nights," on account of their cutting severity. 
 Inwards. 
 
 21. (St Felix.) 
 Felix Bischof zeiget an 
 
 Was wir vierzig Tage fur Wetter ha'n. Holstein. 
 
 22. (St Peter's chair at Antioch.) 
 
 S'il gele le nuit avant la chaire de Saint Pierre, le 
 froid ne cessera pas avant quarante jours. - 
 Belgium. 
 
 S'il ne gele pas ce jour, il ne gelera plus du tout. 
 
 24. (St Matthias.) 
 Saint Mathias, le replatreur, sans neige ne pourrait 
 
 faire. 
 
 Sanct Mathias 
 Brikt das Ys : 
 Findt he keins 
 Maakt he eins. Platt Deutsch. 
 
DAYS IN FEBRUARY. 53 
 
 Sanct Mathijs 
 
 Werpt eenen heeten Steen in 't Ijs. Limburg. 
 
 Saint Mathias 
 Casse les glaces. 
 
 On this day St Matthias either opens the ground (by thaw) 
 or locks it up (by frost). Styria. 
 
 " If St Matthias does not break the ice," the Bohemians say, 
 " he has lost his axe, and the ice will remain unbroken 
 till St Joseph comes (March 19.)" 
 
 San Matias 
 
 Marzo al quinto dia, (the day on which this festival 
 is kept in Spain) 
 
 Entra el sol por las umbrias 
 
 Y calienta las aguas frias. 
 
 i.e., On S. Matthias's day, the 5th of March, the sun pene- 
 trates shady places, and makes the icy water warm. 
 
 El vento de San Matia 
 Dura 'na quarantia. Venetia. 
 
 St Matthy 
 
 All the year goes by : 
 
 "Because in Leap Year the supernumerary days are then 
 intercalated. " RAY. 
 
 St Matthie 
 
 Sends sap into the tree. 
 
 St Matthias, 
 
 Sow both leaf and grass. 
 
 28. (St Romanus.) 
 Romanus hell und klar 
 Bedeut't ein gutes Jahr. Swabia. 
 
54 MARCH. 
 
 Le dernier jour de FeVrier doit laisser le fosse 
 comble. Gers. 
 
 MARCH. 
 Changeable. 
 
 March many weathers. 
 
 The Italians have several proverbs relating to the uncertainty 
 of the weather in this month, e.g. 
 
 a. Marzu passu Sicily : 
 i.e., Foolish March. 
 
 b. Marz 1'a compra el tabar a so papa 
 
 E dop tri di el ghe 1'a impegna Milan : 
 i.e., March bought a cloak from his father, and pawned it 
 in three days after. (This proverb seems to have some 
 reference to "Borrowing days.") 
 
 c. Marz 1'e fio d'ona baltrocca, 
 Ora el piov, ora el fiocca, 
 
 Ora el tira vent, ora el fa bel temp : 
 i.e., March is nobody's child : he rains one day and snows 
 another ; has one day stormy and the next fine. 
 
 Eguzquia eta curia 
 Urri egural dia Basque : 
 i.e., Sun and rain is March's weather. 
 
 The Venetians use the word " marzeggiare " of weather con- 
 sisting of alternate rain and sunshine. 
 
 Cold. 
 
 March sun 
 
 Lets snow stand on a stone. 
 
 The sun in March raises but does not melt. 
 
 A March sun sticks like a lock of wool. 
 
MARCH. 55 
 
 Hot. 
 
 March many weathers rained and blowed, 
 But March grass never did good. 
 
 So the Germans say, 
 Marzengriin 
 1st nicht schon. 
 
 In Illyria there is a proverb, " Better to be bitten by a 
 snake than to feel the sun in March." 
 
 Dry. 
 
 A peck of March dust is worth a king's ransom. 
 
 " A dry March makes the clay lands of England 
 bear abundant crops of corn : consequently, if 
 in this month the weather is such as to make 
 the highways dusty, the country will then be 
 benefited to the amount of ' a king's ransom.' " 
 Denham. 
 
 March dust to be sold, 
 
 Worth ransom of gold. 
 
 The German version of which is, 
 
 Ein Loth Marzen Staub ist einen Ducaten werth. 
 
 A dry March never begs its bread. 
 
 With which corresponds the French saying, 
 Mars sec ne cherche pas son pain. Somme. 
 
 A March without water 
 Dowers the hind's daughter. 
 
 So the French, 
 Mars halleux 
 Marie la fille du laboureux. 
 
 Wet. 
 
 A wet March makes a sad harvest. 
 
56 MARCH. 
 
 Pluie de Mars ne profite ^zs.Bouches-du-Rhone. 
 Feuchter fauler Marz 
 1st der Bauern Schmerz. 
 
 March rain spoils more than clothes. 
 
 March water is worse than a stain in cloth ; so, 
 
 Eau du mois de Mars 
 
 Est pire que tache au drap. Basses Pyrenees. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Neige de Mars 
 
 Vaut un pare. Haut Loire. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 March wind 
 
 Wakes the ether (i.e., adder) and blooms the whin. 
 Denham. 
 
 Compare 'Julius Caesar,' Act III., Scene I. 
 BRUTUS log. " It is the bright day that brings forth 
 
 the adder ; 
 And that craves wary walking." 
 
 March dust and March win' 
 
 Bleaches as well as simmer's sin. Scotland. 
 
 Thunder. 
 
 Si foete de 1'hernu en Mars 
 
 Os pouvons dire helas ! Picardy. 
 
 When it thunders in March it brings sorrow. 
 
 Thunder in March signifieth that same year great 
 winds, plenty of corne, and debate amongst 
 people. Book of Knowledge. 
 
MARCH. 57 
 
 En Mars quand il tonne 
 Chacun s'en etonne. 
 
 When March thunders, tools and arms get rusty. 
 Quan in Mars tonno 
 L'annado es bono. Gard. 
 
 Marzendonner macht fruchtbar. 
 
 General. 
 
 March yeans the lammie 
 
 And buds the thorn : 
 
 And blows through the flint 
 
 Of an ox's horn. Northumberland. 
 
 March hack ham, 
 
 Comes in like a lion, goes out like a lamb. 
 
 Quind Mars inte comme un mouton 
 I wide comme un lion. Nord. 
 
 March comes in with an adder's head, but goes out 
 like a peacock's tail. 
 
 A la commencement ou a la fin 
 Mars a son venin. 
 
 So the German, 
 Zu Aufang oder zu End' 
 Der Marz seine Gifte send't. 
 
 Si le mois de Mars trouve les fossds pleins, il les 
 
 teche : 
 S'il les trouve vides, il faut qu'il les remplisse. 
 
 Brittany. 
 
 He who freely lops in March will get his lap full 
 of fruit. 
 
$8 MARCH. 
 
 March birds are best. 
 
 Bonne eu mauvaise poirette 
 II faut que Mars la trouve faite. 
 
 In March kill crow, pie, and cadow (jackdaw), 
 
 Rook, buzzard, and raven : 
 Or else go desire them 
 
 To seek a new haven. Denham. 
 
 March, April, and May. 
 
 Marzenbluth ist nicht gut : 
 Aprilenbluth ist halb gut : 
 Maienbluth ist ganz gut : 
 
 March winds and April showers 
 Being forth May flowers, 
 
 So the French say, 
 Mars venteux, Avril pluvieux, 
 Font le Mai gai et gracieux. 
 
 The Germans, 
 
 Marzenwind und Aprilen Regen 
 Verheissen im Mai grossen Segen, 
 
 The Spanish, 
 
 Marzo ventoso y Abril aguanoso 
 Sacan a Mayo hermoso : 
 i.e., A windy March and a showery April make a fine May. 
 
 Rosee de Mai, gre'sil de Mars, et pluie d' Avril 
 valent mieux que le chariot David. Cote cTOr. 
 
 En Mai rosee, en Mars gre'sil, 
 Pluie abondante au mois d'Avril, 
 Le laboureur est content plus 
 Que ne feroit cinq cent ecus. 
 
MARCH. 59 
 
 Mars aride, Avril humide, 
 Mai un peu froid et venteux 
 Denotent 1'an don et plantureux, 
 
 So the German proverb, 
 
 Trockner Marz, nasser April, kiihler Mai, 
 Fiillt Scheuer, Keller, und bringt viel Heu. 
 
 The Italian, 
 
 Marz polverent, Avril pioent, Mas la so sesu, 
 Empienes el car del re Salamu : 
 
 i.e., A dusty March, a showery April, and a seasonable May, 
 would fill King Solomon's chariot. 
 
 March and April. 
 
 Marz sot e April bagnat, 
 
 Beat el paisa che Fa seminat : 
 
 i.e., If March be dry and April showery, happy the husband- 
 man who has finished sowing. 
 
 A frosty winter and a dusty March, and a rain 
 
 about April, 
 Another about the Lammas time when the corn 
 
 begins to fill, 
 Is weel worth a pleuch (plough) o' gowd, and a' her 
 
 pins theretill. 
 "These lines are popularly understood to be the composition 
 
 of no less distinguished a person than George Buchanan. 
 
 He was once asked, so the story runs, what could buy a 
 
 plough of gold, and immediately answered as above." 
 Chambers^ Popular Rhymes of Scotland. 
 
 March flings, April fleyes : 
 
 The French equivalent of which is, 
 Mars martelle, Avril coutelle : 
 
 In allusion to the boisterous winds of March, and the cutting 
 blasts of April. 
 
60 MARCH. 
 
 Hell und heiter der Marz ganz, 
 Der April am Schwanz : 
 
 i.e., If March be clear and warm throughout, April will be so 
 at its end. 
 
 Quand Mars fait Avril, Avril fait Mars. 
 
 Quant geldes en Mars, tant de roussees en Avril. 
 
 March and May. 
 March wind and May sun 
 Make clothes white and maids dun. 
 
 If they wad drink nettles in March 
 
 And eat muggins in May, 
 
 Sae many braw maidens 
 
 Wadna gang to the clay. 
 
 " The funeral of a young woman who had died of consump- 
 tion was passing along the highroad on the margin of the 
 Firth of Clyde, above Port Glasgow, when a mermaid 
 raised her head from the water, and in slow admonitory 
 tones uttered the above-quoted lines. As may be readily 
 surmised, muggons or mugwort (also called southernwood) 
 and a decoction of nettles, form a favourite prescription 
 for consumption among the common people." Popidar 
 Rhymes of Scotland. 
 
 A peck of March dust and a shower in May 
 Makes the corn green and the fields gay. 
 
 So many mists as in March you see, 
 So many frosts in May will be. 
 
 Se Marz no I'incodega 
 
 Mag no sega : 
 
 i.e., If March does not plant, May will not cut (or mow). 
 
DAYS IN MARCH. 6l 
 
 March, Whitsunday, and August. 
 So viel thau in Marz, so viel Reif um Pfingsten, so 
 viel Neb el in August. 
 
 March and Summer. 
 
 So viel Nebel im Marz, so viel Regen im Sommer. 
 
 DAYS IN MARCH. 
 
 1. (SS. David, Albinus, Eudoxia.) 
 Upon St David's day 
 Put oats and barley in the clay. 
 
 On the first of March 
 The crows begin to search. 
 
 David and Chad (March 2d), 
 Sow peas, good or bad. 
 
 First comes David, then comes Chad, 
 And then comes Winnold (March 3) as though he 
 were mad : 
 
 In allusion to the prevalence of windy weather at this season. 
 A Norfolk correspondent writing to ' Hone's Every Day 
 Book,' vol. ii., sub March 3, says: "Whether St Win- 
 walce (Abbot of Landeveneck, near Brest) was remark- 
 able for the irascibility of his temper, I cannot say : yet 
 it rarely happens when the first few days of March are 
 not attended with such boisterous and tempestuous 
 weather, generally from the north, that he might not im- 
 properly be called ' the Norfolk Boreas.' " 
 
 Quand il pleut pour la Saint Aubin, 
 II n'y a ni paille ni foin. Charente. 
 
62 DAYS IN MARCH. 
 
 A'la Saint Aubin 
 
 On tond d' ordinaire le mouton : 
 
 Mais si vous voulez m'en croire, 
 
 Tondez-le a la Saint Gregoire (March 12). Eure. 
 
 The quarter in which the wind lies on this day is especially 
 observed in Russia, hence the saying, " Wherever the 
 wind is on St Eudoxia's day, there it will remain during 
 the spring and summer." 
 
 10. (The Forty Martyrs of Sebaste.) 
 Wie's Wetter ist auf die vierzig Ritter, so bleibt es 
 
 vierzig Tage lang. 
 And so the Italian, 
 
 Se piov el de dei quaranta Marter. 
 Per quaranta de ga n'em ii sguater Bergamo : 
 i.e., If it rains on the day of the 40 Martyrs, it will rain for 
 
 40 days (and there is the same proverb in Belgium, Russia, 
 
 and Bohemia). 
 
 Wie die Vierzig, so Peterstag (June 29). 
 
 Mists or hoar-frosts on the zoth of March betoken 
 
 a plentiful year, but not without some diseases. 
 
 Shepherd's Kalendar. 
 
 12. (St Gregory the Great.) 
 
 In the Tyrol, on this day, the peasants climb trees and listen 
 to the wind. Should it go down, they say "We must 
 mend our gloves, for there will be cold weather. " 
 
 Se venta el di de San Gregorio, venta per quaranta 
 
 di. 
 
 Geht um Gregori der Wind, 
 Geht er, bis Sanct Jorgen (April 24) kimmt. 
 Sanct Gregor und das Kreuze (Sept. 14) macht. 
 Den Tag so lang gleich als die Nacht. 
 
DAYS IN MARCH. 63 
 
 A San Gregorio Papa 
 La rundane le passa 1'acqua Bergamo : 
 i.e., On the day of St Gregory, the Pope, the swallow crosses 
 the water (arrives in Europe). 
 
 17. (St Gertrude of Nivelles.) 
 Gehen die Kiihe Sanct Gertrudis nicht in Klee, 
 So gehen sie noch in Schnee. EifeL 
 
 Gertrude niitzt dem Gartner fein, 
 Wenn sie zeigt mit Sonnenschein. 
 
 Sainte Gertrude, lorsqu'elle est eclaire'e par la pleine 
 lune, protege les ensemencements du jour. 
 
 19. St Joseph (husband of the B. V. M.) 
 
 St Joseph is supposed, as well as St Gertrude, to watch care- 
 fully over plants sown on his day. 
 
 In the north of Italy winter is now considered to be at an 
 end. Thus 
 
 Per San Giiisep 
 
 Le rundane le passa'l tec : 
 
 Passa o no passa, el fred el ne lassa Bergamo : 
 
 i.e., On St Joseph's day the swallows fly over the roofs : whe- 
 ther they fly or not, the cold weather has gone. 
 
 A San Giiisep 
 
 Se met via'l scoldalet Milan : 
 
 i.e., On St Joseph's day away with the warming-pan. 
 
 21. (St Benedict.) 
 
 St Benedick : sow thy peas or keep them in the 
 rick. 
 
 25. (Annunciation of the B. V. M.), 
 
 Called in Belgium "D'ons Lieve Vrouw Beklyving," i.e., 
 
64 DAYS IN MARCH. 
 
 Notre Dame de la prosperite : because anything trans- 
 planted on this day easily takes root, and seed sown 
 prospers. It is also believed that the year will be fruitful 
 if before sunrise the sky is clear and the stars shine 
 brightly. 
 
 S'il gele le 25 Mars 
 
 Les prairies diminuent d'un quart. Loir et Cher, 
 
 Se a la madona de Marz ven gio la brina, 
 No la fa altra ruina Milan : 
 
 *.<?., If there be hoar-frost on the morning of the Annunciation 
 it will do no harm. 
 
 S'il pleut le jour de la Bonne Dame, il pleut a 
 toutes ses fetes. Allier. 
 
 A Notre Dame de Mars, 
 
 Si le soleil fait le luzer i.e., is not bright 
 
 II y a quarante jours d'hiver. Dordogne. 
 
 Maria Verkundigung 
 
 Die Schwalben kommen wiederum. 
 
 Mariekchen pustet dat Licht uth, Michel steckt et 
 
 wedder an : 
 i.e., St Mary blows out the candle, St Michael (Sept. 29) 
 
 lights it again. 
 Farm-servants in Germany generally leave off candles in the 
 
 evening at Lady Day, and begin to use them again at 
 
 Michaelmas. 
 
 So, too, the Italian proverb, 
 A la Madona de Marz se scoven, 
 A la Madona de Setember se troven Milan : 
 
 i.e., At S. Mary's feast in March we put them (candles) on 
 one side : at her festival in September (Sept. 8, Nativity 
 B.V.M.) we take them up again. 
 
DAYS IN MARCH. 6$ 
 
 29, 30, 31, Borrowing Days. 
 
 The warst blast comes on the Borrowing Days. 
 Scotland. 
 
 a. March borrowed from April 
 Three days, and they were ill : 
 
 The one was sleet, the other was snow, 
 The third was the worst that e'er did blow. 
 
 b. March borrowed of April 
 Three days, and they were ill : 
 
 They killed three lambs that were playing on a hill. 
 
 c. March borrows of April 
 Three days, and they are ill : 
 April returns them back again, 
 Three days, and they are rain. 
 The Scotch version runs as follows ; 
 
 d. March said to Aperill, 
 
 " I see three hogs upon a hill ; 
 And if you'll lend me dayis three, 
 I'll find a way to gar them dee ! " 
 The first o' them was wind and weet ; 
 The second o' them was snaw and sleet ; 
 The third o' them was sic a freeze 
 It froze the bird's feet to the trees. 
 When the three days were past and gane, 
 The three silly hogs came hirplin hame. 
 
 Dr Jamieson, in his Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish 
 Language, Edin. 1808, vol. i., "Borrowing Days," remarks: 
 ' ' These days being generally stormy, our forefathers have 
 endeavoured to account for this circumstance, by pretend- 
 ing that March borrowed them from April, that he might 
 extend his power so much longer. Those who are much 
 E 
 
66 DAYS IN MARCH. 
 
 addicted to superstition will neither borrow nor lend on 
 any of these days. If any should propose to borrow from 
 them they would consider it as an evidence that the person 
 wished to employ the article borrowed for the purpose of 
 witchcraft against the lenders. Some of the vulgar ima- 
 gine that these days received their designation from the 
 conduct of the Israelites in borrowing the property of the 
 Egyptians. This extravagant idea must have originated, 
 partly from the name, and partly from the circumstance 
 of these days nearly corresponding to the time when the 
 Israelites left Egypt, which was on the I4th day of the 
 month Abib or Nisan, including part of our March and 
 April. I know not whether our Western Magi suppose 
 that the inclemency of the Borrowing Days has any re- 
 lation to the storm which proved so fatal to the Egyp- 
 tians." 
 
 Traces of the same superstition are to be found in Andalusia, 
 where there is a story among the country people to the 
 following effect : A shepherd once upon a time promised 
 March a lamb if he, *.<?., the month, would favour the 
 flock with propitious weather. March agreed, and con- 
 scientiously acted up to his part of the agreement. But 
 when, just before the end of the month, he asked for his 
 lamb, the shepherd bethinking himself that only three 
 days were left, and that his flock was in fine condition, 
 refused to stand by his promise. " You won't give me 
 my right, won't you?" said March ; " then know this, that 
 in the three days I have left, and in three more that my 
 gossip April will lend me, all your sheep shall die." 
 And accordingly such fearful weather ensued that the 
 whole flock perished. (Das Wetter im Sprichwort.) 
 
 So, too, in the south of France, the story is almost identical, 
 
 viz. 
 
 A rich man said on March 30, 
 
 " Mars et Marsilloun qu'e passat, 
 
 Ni braou, ni baque, nou m'en a coustat. 
 
LENT, EASTER, WHITSUNTIDE, ETC. 67 
 
 Abriou, preste m'en un preste m'en dus, preste m'en, 
 
 tres, et un qu'en e que haran quonate', 
 Toutos 1'ac haram espernobate : 
 i.e., J'ai passe Mars et Marsillon, 
 
 Sans qu'il m'en ait coute ni vache ni taurillon. 
 
 (March heard this and said to April) 
 
 Avril prete-m'en un (jour), prete-m'en deux, prete-m'en 
 
 trois. 
 Et un que j'ai, qa. fera quatre, et nous mettrons tout son 
 
 betailaux abois. Hautes Pyrenees. 
 
 See also on February 11-15. 
 Ce que Mars couve on 1'sait toujours 
 Apres son trente-unieme jour. Manche. 
 
 LENT, EASTER, WHITSUNTIDE, ETC. 
 
 Shrove Tuesday. 
 
 As the weather is on Shrove Tuesday, so will it be 
 
 to the end of Lent. 
 S'il pleut le jour de carnaval, la terre est altere'e 
 
 toute 1'annee. Loire. 
 
 Quand il pleut pour le mardi gras, il y a de 1'huile 
 pour la salade. 
 
 Quand au carnaval la neige couvre la terre, a Paques 
 celle-ci sera couverte de verdure. Haut Rhin. 
 
 So much as the sun shineth on Shrove Tuesday, the 
 like will shine every day in Lent. Shepherd's 
 Kalendar. 
 
 1st die Fastnacht klar und hell 
 
 Fahrt man den Pflug auf'n Acker schnell. 
 
68 LENT, EASTER, WHITSUNTIDE, ETC. 
 
 Thunder on Shrove Tuesday foretells wind, store 
 of fruit and plenty. 
 
 Lune quand tu verras 
 Nouvelle le mardi gras, 
 Force tonnerre tu entendras. 
 
 " If the wind blows on the night of Shrove Tues- 
 day, there will be deaths among the learned, 
 and many fish will die in the summer." Brand. 
 
 Whoever doth plant or sow on Shrove Tuesday, it 
 will always remain green. 
 
 Le soir du mardi gras, faut danser sur les fumiers 
 pour avoir des navets. 
 
 Lent and Ash Wednesday. 
 
 Salmon and sermon have their season in Lent. 
 
 De Careme haute, 
 
 D e froid n 'aura faute. Calendrier desbons Labour eurs. 
 
 Trockene fasten, gutes Jahr. 
 
 Wie das Wetter an Aschermittwoch ist, so soil's 
 die ganze Fasten sein. 
 
 Wenn's nach Fastnacht lange Eiszapfen giebt, wird 
 der Flachs schon lang. 
 
 Wenn's an Aschermittwoch schneit, schneit es in 
 demselben Jahr 40 Mai. 
 
 Wherever the wind is on Ash Wednesday, it con- 
 tinues there during the whole of Lent. 
 
 Le plus fort vent des jours de Bordes, 
 Le plus souvent tout Tan de'borde. Calendrier des 
 bons Laboureurs. 
 
LENT, EASTER, WHITSUNTIDE, ETC. 69 
 
 Fifth Sunday in Lent : or Passion Sunday. 
 
 Ist's um Judica feucht, 
 
 Werden die Kornboden leicht Einsiedler Kalen- 
 
 ~ der : 
 
 Passion Sunday is called "Judica," because of the Introit 
 
 used on that day from the 43d Psalm, "Judica me, 
 
 Deus," etc. 
 
 Le vent reste quarante jours ou il se trouve place* 
 
 le dimanche de la Passion. Cher. 
 
 Palm Sunday. 
 
 Quand il pleut le jour des Rameaux, 
 II pleut & la fenaison et a la moisson. Lot. 
 " If on Palm Sunday there be rain, that betokeneth 
 
 to goodness : if it thunder on that day, then it 
 
 signifieth a merry year and death of great men." 
 
 Husbandman's Practice. 
 
 But, 
 
 1st Palmsonntag hell und klar 
 So giebt's ein gut und fruchtbar Jahr. 
 Schneit's am Palmssonntag in die Palmen, 
 Schneit's spater in die Garben. Tyrol. 
 From whatever quarter the wind blows on Palm 
 
 Sunday, it will continue to blow from the same 
 
 quarter for the most part during the ensuing 
 
 summer. 
 
 This is a very prevalent belief in France. So we find, 
 Le vent qui souffle le jour des Rameaux est le vent 
 
 dominant de 1'anne'e. 
 Le vent qui mene la ban mere, 
 Mene la moissoniere Haute Loire; 
 i. e., The wind which blows on Palm Sunday will prevail 
 throughout the year. 
 
7O LENT, EASTER, WHITSUNTIDE, ETC. 
 
 Si le jour des Rameaux 
 
 Le vent vient du Levant, 
 
 On dit qu'il vient des quatre boisseaux. Marne. 
 
 Si, pendant 1'office du jour des Rameaux, le vent 
 est has, c'est signe que le beurre ne sera pas 
 cher: s'il est haut, c'est signe que le prix en 
 sera eleve'. Sarthe. 
 
 Le jour des Rameaux, quand le coq est amant, anne'e 
 tendre. 
 
 Le propre jour des Rameaux 
 Seme oignons et porreaux. 
 
 Holy Week. 
 
 Semaine sainte mouillee' 
 
 Donne terre alteree. Ille et Vilaine. 
 
 Pilatus wandert nicht aus der Kirche, er richtet 
 zuvor einen Larm an. 
 
 Said of showery weather during this week. 
 
 Maundy -Thursday. 
 
 La gelee du Jeudi Saint 
 Gele le sarrasin, 
 La gelee du Vendredi Saint 
 Gele le pain et le vin. Aiti. 
 
 Good Friday. 
 
 If there be rain on Good Friday, every drop should 
 be scratched out of the ground. Limburg. 
 
 S'il pleut le Vendredi Saint, toute la pluie de 
 1'annee ne servira a rien. 
 
LENT, EASTER, WHITSUNTIDE, ETC. /I 
 
 S'il pleut le Vendredi Saint, la gelee n'a plus de 
 pouvoir. 
 
 A wet Good Friday makes a thirsty year. Bo- 
 hemia. 
 
 S'il gele le Vendredi Saint, les autres gele'es de 
 1'annee sont sans effet. 
 
 Le vent qui souffle le Vendredi Saint durera toute 
 1'annee. 
 
 It is good, say the Belgians, to have an east wind 
 on this day, better still a north-east ; but a wind 
 from the south-east brings bad luck. 
 
 La terre ne doit point etre ouverte le Vendredi 
 Saint. 
 
 Pour que les rats ne mangent pas^le raisin 
 
 II faut tailler la treille le Vendredi Saint. Ain. 
 
 Easter Eve. 
 
 Le vent qui souffle pendant la benediction de 1'eau, 
 le samedi saint, durera six semaines. Pas de 
 Calais. 
 
 Regnet es em Tag vor Ostern, giebt es viel Regen 
 zwischen Ostern und Pfingsten. 
 
 Easter-day. 
 
 If the sun shine clear on Easter-day or Palm 
 Sunday, or both of them, there will be fine 
 weather, plenty of corn and other fruits of the 
 earth. 
 
 If the sun shines on Easter-day, . it will shine on 
 Whitsun-day. 
 
72 LENT, EASTER, WHITSUNTIDE, ETC. 
 
 Wenn auf Ostertag die Sonn'hell scheint, 
 
 Der Bauer bei seinem Korn auf dem Speicher 
 
 weint : 
 
 1st Ostertag ahnlich der Nacht, 
 Er in die Fauste lacht. Eifel. 
 
 Regnet es auf Ostertag' eine Thran', 
 
 Dann wird das Korn bis in die Sichel vergeh'n. 
 
 A good deal of rain on Easter-day 
 
 Gives a crop of good corn, but little good hay. 
 
 Paques pluvieuses souvent fromenteuses. - 
 Ardennes. 
 But, 
 
 Osterregen bringt magere Kost, 
 Ostersonne, fette und reichliche. Austria. 
 
 Regnet's am Ostertag', so regnet's alle Sonntag'. 
 
 Depuis Paques au leu, 
 Depuis Noel au feu. 
 
 When Easter falls in our Lady's lap (March 25), 
 Then let England beware of a rap. See on 
 April 23. 
 
 Paques pluvieux Saint Jean (June 24) farineux. 
 Charente. 
 
 Entre Paques et la Pentecoste 
 La dessert n'est qu'une croute. 
 
 Paques en Avril 
 
 Rendent heureuses mouches et brebis. Ardennes. 
 
 But, on the other hand, 
 Paques en Avril, 
 Mort a femmes et a brebis. Nord. 
 
LENT, EASTER, WHITSUNTIDE, ETC. 73 
 
 Rogation Days. 
 
 S'il fait beau aux Rogations, 
 
 Le premier jour il fera beau pour les fauchaisons, 
 
 Le deuxieme jour pour les moissons, 
 
 Le troisieme jour pour les vendanges. Morbihan. 
 
 S'il fait pleut aux Rogations, 
 Le premier jour il pleuvra pendant le fenaison, 
 Le deuxieme jour pendant la moisson, 
 Le troisieme jour pendant les vendanges. Haute 
 Saone. 
 
 Haricots de Rogations 
 Rendent a foison. Rhone. 
 
 Si Ton seme son chanvre pendant les Rogations, 
 On le recolte a grenouillons ; /.*., agenoux. Haute 
 Saone. 
 
 Ascension-day. 
 
 If it rain on Ascension-day ever so little, it fore- 
 tells scarcity and murrain : but if it be fair, then 
 the contrary, and fine weather to Michaelmas. 
 
 Ascensionis vel modicae pluvias pabuli inopiam, 
 serenitas copiam signant. Bucelinus. 
 
 Regen am Himmelfahrtstage zeigt schlechte 
 Heuernte an. 
 
 Se'l piov ol de del Assenziii 
 Tot Pe bel e gnent Pe bu Bergamo: 
 i.e.. If it rain on Ascension-day, everything looks well, but 
 is just the contrary. 
 
 S'il pleut le jour de P Ascension 
 C'est comme du poison. Indre. 
 
74 LENT, EASTER, WHITSUNTIDE, ETC. 
 
 Pluie le jour de 1'Ascension, 
 
 Les bles deperissent jusqu'a la moisson. Morlnhan. 
 
 Se piove per 1'Ascensione 
 Va ogni cosa in perdizione Tuscany : 
 i.f., If it rains on Ascension-day, everything will go to rack 
 and ruin. 
 
 Wenn es am Himmelfahrtstage regnet, hor es 
 
 vierzig Tage lang nicht auf. 
 
 So the Italians say, 
 Se il piov ol de del Assenziu, per quaranta de no 
 
 se va senza. 
 
 A 1' Ascension 
 
 Le dernier frisson. Jura. 
 
 Der Bauer nach der alten Art 
 Tragt den Pelz bis Himmelfahrt : 
 Und thut ihm dann der Bauch noch weh, 
 So tragt er ihn bis Bartelme. 
 
 Fin al giorno dei Galilei 
 
 No te spogiar dei pani mei Venice : 
 
 i.e., Up to Ascension-day I shall not take off my clothes. 
 
 Eve of Whitsun-day. 
 
 Le vent reste six semaines ou il se trouve la veille 
 de la Pentecote, pendant 1'eau benite. Somme. 
 
 Whitsun-day. 
 
 If it happens to rain on Whitsun-day, much 
 thunder and lightning follow : blasts, mildews, 
 &c. : but, if it be fair, great plenty of corn. 
 
 Pentecoste pluvieuse 
 
 N'est pas avantageuse. Morbihan. 
 
LENT, EASTER, WHITSUNTIDE, ETC. 7$ 
 
 Pentecostis pluviae nil boni signant. Bucelinus. 
 
 Se piov el de d'la Pentecoste 
 
 Tote i entrade no ie noste Bergamo : 
 
 i.e., If it rains at Pentecost, we shall be losers. 
 
 But, on the other hand, 
 Pfingstregen 
 Reicher Weinsegen. 
 
 Nasse Pfingsten, fette Weihnachten ; 
 Helle Pfingsten, diirre Weihnachten. 
 
 Diou nous garde de las calous de Pentacousta 
 Et das ai'gaches (rose'es) de Saint Jan. Herault. 
 
 C'est, dit on, a la Pentecoste, 
 
 Que qui trop mange, cher lui coste. 
 
 Pentecoste frezes rouges ou les laboureurs eston- 
 nent. 
 
 A la Pentecoste roses sont, 
 A la Saint Jehan s'en vont. 
 
 Whitsun Monday. 
 
 Regnet's Pfingsten Montag 
 So regnet's sieben Sonntag. 
 
 Eve of Trinity Sunday. 
 
 Vent du bas la veille de la Trinite ; 
 
 II y est les deux tiers de Tannee. Aisne. 
 
 Trinity Sunday 
 
 S'il pleut le jour de la Trinite', 
 
 II pleut tous les dimanches de 1'annee. Doubs. 
 
76 LENT, EASTER, WHITSUNTIDE, ETC. 
 
 Wenn's am heiligen Dreifaltigkeitssontag regnet, so 
 regnet's sechs oder zwolf Sonntag im Sommer. 
 Tyrol. 
 
 Quand il pleut a la Trinitd, 
 
 II pleut six semaines sans s'arreter. 
 
 S'il pleut a la Trinite, 
 
 II faut deux liens sur trois pour le ble. Haut 
 Rhin. 
 
 Pluie de la Trinite' 
 Fait deperir les bies 
 Jusqu'au grenier. Cote d?Or. 
 
 Feast of Corpus Christ! (the Thursday following 
 Trinity Sunday). 
 
 Wie Fronleichnam, so viele Tage nachher. 
 
 If the Holy Sacrament day of our Lord be fine, 
 then it is good, and causes fruit, plenty, and the 
 lambs to die. Husbandman's Practice. 
 
 1st es Corporis Christi Klar 
 Bringt es uns ein gutes Jahr. 
 
 Corporis Christi serenitas laudatur. Bucelinus. 
 
 S'il pleut sur la chapelle (Fete Dieu). 
 II pleut sur la javelle. Puy de Drome. 
 
 Tel sacre (Fete Dieu). 
 Tel battre. Mayenne. 
 
 Fallt auf die Fronleichnamsprozession Regen, reg- 
 nets vierzig Tage lang. 
 
 A la Saint Sacrement 
 L'epi au froment. Pluquet. 
 
APRIL. 77 
 
 APRIL. 
 
 Changeable. 
 
 April weather, 
 
 Rain and sunshine, both together. 
 
 Avril le doux, 
 
 Quand il se fache, le pire des tous. Pluquet. 
 
 Avril 
 
 Thut was er will. 
 
 Cold. 
 
 A cold April 
 The barn will fill. 
 
 So the French, 
 Froid Avril donne pain et vin. 
 
 The Italian, 
 Brina d' Avril 
 Empienes la baril. 
 
 The Spanish, 
 Abril frio 
 Pan y vino 
 
 But they say in North Italy, 
 Se in April se giazza : 
 La vit la se strazza : 
 /.<?., If it freezes in April, the vines will be ruined. 
 
 And on the Rhine, 
 Heller Mondeschein im April schadet der Baum- 
 
 bliite : 
 
 i.e., A clear moon in April (a sign of cold nights) injures the 
 blossoms. 
 
78 APRIL. 
 
 La granissarde d'Avril 
 
 Tue la brebis et 1'agneau 
 
 Et la bergere sans manteau. Dordogne. 
 
 A sharp April kills the pig. 
 
 April wears a white hat : 
 
 Or, 
 It is not April without a frosty crown. 
 
 With which may be compared, 
 I n'est si gentil moes d'Avri' 
 Qui n'aye sin capieu de gre'si'. Picardy. 
 
 L'ouaille (brebis) et 1'abeille 
 En Avril ont leur deuil. 
 
 Cold and Wet. 
 
 Aprilis kalt und nass 
 Fiillt Scheuer und Fass. 
 
 1st der April kalt und nass 
 
 Dann wachst das Gras. Westphalia. 
 
 Warm and Wet. 
 
 Warmer Aprilenregen 
 Grosser Segen. 
 
 Dry. 
 
 Ein trockner April 
 
 1st der Bauern Will'. Mimster. 
 
 Wet. 
 
 Der diirre April 
 1st nicht der Bauern Will', 
 Sondern das Prillenregen 
 1st ihnen gelegen. 
 
APRIL. 79 
 
 April showers bring milk and meal. 
 
 In April pioa, pica, 
 
 Che farem grossa la coa Milan : 
 
 i.e., In April rain, rain, to make large sheaves. 
 
 Nasser April 
 
 Verspricht der Friichte viel. 
 
 Pluye d'Avril vaut le chard de David. 
 
 Avril a trente jours ; 
 
 S'il en pleuvait trente un 
 
 Cela ne ferait tort a aucun. Bouches-du-Rhone. 
 
 Exactly similar is the Italian, 
 Avril al na trenta, sel ne pioes trentii, 
 Nol fares mal a nisii. 
 
 In April Dove's flood 
 Is worth a king's good. 
 
 ' ' Dove is a river parting Staffordshire and Derbyshire, which, 
 when it overflows its banks in April, is the Nilus of 
 Staffordshire, much battling the meadows thereof." RAY. 
 
 April showers 
 
 Bring summer flowers. 
 
 The bee doth love the sweetest flower, 
 So doth the blossom the April shower. 
 
 Abril 
 
 Aguas mil. Spain. 
 
 April, Aprilet, 
 
 Toe i de on sguazzet Bergamo : 
 
 i.e., April, April, drip drip, every day. 
 
SO APRIL. 
 
 An April flood 
 
 Carries away the frog and his brood. 
 
 Answering to the German, 
 Aprilenflut 
 Fiihrt den Frosch weg mit seiner Brut. 
 
 Windy. 
 
 Avril venteux 
 
 Rend la labour eur joyeux. Hautes Alpes. 
 
 April with his hack and his bill 
 Plants a flower on every hill. 
 
 If April swell, ware swine ! 
 
 Thunder. 
 
 Thunder in April signifieth that same year to be 
 fruitful and merry, with the death of wicked 
 men. Book of Knowledge. 
 
 When April blows his horn, 
 It's good for both hay and corn. 
 
 Because thunder in April is usually accompanied by rain. 
 But Mr Denham takes this proverb with reference to wind, 
 
 saying, 
 " When in this month winds prevail, it is good for 
 
 both meadow and tillage lands." 
 
 En Avril s'il tonne 
 
 C'est nouvelle bonne. Maine-et- Loire. 
 
 Quand il tonne en Avril 
 Le laboureur se rejouit 
 
 So es im April donnert, hat man keine Reife mehr 
 zu befurchten. 
 
APRIL. 8 1 
 
 General. 
 
 Avril entrant comme un agneau, 
 
 S'en retourne comme un taureau. Disc. 
 
 Sweet as an April meadow. 
 
 April cling 
 Good for nothing. 
 
 Bourgeon qui pousse en Avril 
 
 Met peu de vins au baril. Cote d'Or. 
 
 As April is not generally a hot month, the Venetians call it, 
 April dal dolce dormir. 
 
 Which may be compared with the Spanish proverb, 
 Las mananicas de Abril buenas son de dormir : 
 i.e., The early mornings of April are good for sleeping. 
 
 And so the Milanese say, 
 In Aprilet 
 
 L'e 'on bel sta im let : 
 i.e., In April it is a fine time to lie in bed. 
 
 You must look for grass in April on the top of an 
 oak. 
 
 " Because the grass seldom springs well before the oak begins 
 to put forth." RAY. 
 
 S'il n'y avait ni seigneurs ni mois d' Avril sur terre, 
 II n'y auraitjamais ni famine ni guerre. Hautes 
 Alpes. 
 
 April, May, June, and July. 
 
 Auf trockenen April folgt ein nasser Juni oder Juli 
 und nasser Sommer. 
 
82 APRIL. 
 
 April and May. 
 
 Abril plabigna 
 
 Mai ne cessa Gironde: 
 
 i.e., If it rains in April, it will rain incessantly in May. 
 
 An April shower and a May sun 
 Will make cloth white and maids dun. 
 
 April fa'l fior e Mag el g'a 1'onor : 
 
 i.e., April makes the flowers and May has the credit of it. 
 
 Betwixt April and May if there be rain, 
 7 Tis worth more than oxen or wain. 
 
 Exactly corresponding is the Spanish, 
 Mas vale un agua entre Abril y Mayo que los 
 
 buyes y el carro. 
 
 Entre Abril y Mayo 
 
 Haz harina para todo 'el ano : 
 
 i.e., Between April and May make flour for the whole year. 
 
 Avril pluvieux, Mai gai et venteux, 
 Annoncent an fecond et meme gracieux. Oise. 
 
 En Avril nuee, en Mai rosee. Haute Saone. 
 
 Avril et Mai de 1'annee 
 
 Font tous seuls la destinee. Aube. 
 
 April and May are the keys of the year. 
 
 So the Spanish 
 Abril y Mayo, Have de todo el ano. 
 
 And the Italian, 
 Abril e Magg in la ciav de tiit Tan. 
 
 Avril pleut aux hommes, Mai pleut aux betes. 
 
 Haute Saone. 
 Because rain in April is good for corn, in May for grass. 
 
APRIL. 83 
 
 Pan para Mayo, lene para Abril : 
 i.e., Bread or corn for May, wood for April. 
 
 Wine. 
 
 Le vin d'Avril est un vin de Dieu : 
 Le vin de Mai est un vin de laquais. Dordogne. 
 
 Moon. 
 
 In France, the Moon which follows Easter is supposed to have 
 a great influence on the weather. It is called ' ' La lune 
 rousse," or "The Red Moon." 
 
 Quand la lune rousse est passee, 
 
 On ne craint plus la gelee. Charente. 
 
 La lune rousse est maligne comme les individus de 
 sa couleur. Nievre. 
 
 Tant que dure la lune rousse. 
 
 Les fruits sont sujets a fortune. Calvados. 
 
 Quand la lune rousse commence comme un lion, 
 Elle finit comme un mouton ; 
 Quand elle commence comme un mouton, 
 Elle finit comme un dragon. Jura. 
 
 Lune rousse sur la semence 
 D'ordinaire un grand influence ; 
 La lune rousse et le roux vent 
 Cassent les bouteilles souvent. Oise. 
 
 Recolte point n'est arrive'e 
 
 Que lune rousse ne soit passe. Haute Loire. 
 
 La lune rousse est la lune des abimes. Drome. 
 
84 DAYS IN APRIL. 
 
 La lune rousse entrant un mercredi annonce une 
 annee de'sastreuse, surtout pour la vigne. - 
 ffirault. 
 
 La lune rousse ote tout ou donne tout. Jura. 
 See, too, on St Mark's Day (April 25). 
 
 DAYS IN APRIL. 
 
 1. If it thunders on All Fools' Day, 
 It brings good crops of corn and hay. 
 
 1, 2, 3. If the first three days of April be foggy, 
 there will be a flood in June. 
 
 Tre Aprilanti 
 
 Quaranta somiglianti Venice : 
 
 i. e. , As the weather is on the first three days of April, so 
 will it be for the next forty days. 
 
 3. (St Rosamond.) 
 
 Bringt Rosamunde Sturm und Wind, 
 So ist Sibylle (April 29) uns gelind. 
 
 The third of April comes with the cuckoo and the 
 nightingale. 
 
 4. (St Ambrose.) 
 
 J'ay entendu dire toujours, 
 Quand Saint Ambrose fait neiger, 
 Que nous sommes en grand danger, 
 D'avoir du froid plus de huit jours. Calendrier dcs 
 bons Laboureurs. 
 
DAYS IN APRIL. 85 
 
 5. St Theodula (in the Calendar of the Greek 
 Church). 
 
 Theodula brings us spring breezes. Russia. 
 
 6. (Old Lady-day.) 
 On Lady-day the later, 
 
 The cold comes over the water. 
 
 10. (St Ezechiel.) 
 
 Sanct Ezechiel's Tag, der hunderste Tag nach 
 Neujahr, ist zurn Leinsaen der beste Tag, wie 
 auch der Tag Sanct Georg's (April 23). 
 
 23. (St George.) 
 
 Quand Sant Giorg el ven in Pasqua 
 Per el mond gh'e gran borasca Milan ; 
 i. e. , When Easter falls on St George's day, there will be 
 
 great trouble throughout the world. 
 
 Strangely enough, this happened in 1848, the year of revolu- 
 tions. 
 
 Hat vor Georgi der Regen gemangelt, Kommt 
 nachher desto mehr. 
 
 Aqua de San Giorg carestia de fich Lombardy : 
 i. <?., Rain on St George's day brings a lack of figs. 
 
 Hohes Korn zu Sanct Giirgen 
 Wird Giites verbiirgen. Austria. 
 
 Auf Sanct Giirgen 
 
 Soil man die Kuh von der Weide schiirgen. 
 
 Because now meadows are laid down for hay. 
 
 St George feeds the cow, St Nicholas (May 9) the 
 horse, St Elias (July 20) begins the harvest ; 
 the Blessed Mother of God (Sept. 8) ends it ; 
 
86 DAYS IN APRIL. 
 
 and St Mary the Intercessor (Oct. i.) clears the 
 field. Russia. 
 
 A la Saint George 
 
 Couvre ton orge ; 
 
 A Saint Robert (April 29). 
 
 Qu'il soit couvert : 
 
 A Saint Marc (April 25). 
 
 II serait trop tard. Aveyron. 
 
 Georget, Marker, Croisset (May 3),Urbanet (May 24) 
 Sont quatre me'chants guerchonets (garQons) : 
 Et encore Philippet (St Philip of Neri, May 26) 
 S'il en meldit. Picardy. 
 
 Georget, Marquet, Phalet (St Vitalis, April 28) 
 Sont trois casseurs de gobelets Aube : 
 i.e., If it rain during these three days, there will be a bad 
 vintage. 
 
 S'il pleut a la Saint George 
 
 II n'y a guigne ni orge. Sarthe. 
 
 S. George cries " Goe ! " 
 S. Mark cries " Hoe ! " 
 
 Quand il gele les jours de Saint George, Saint Marc, 
 et Saint Robert, c'est signe que la recolte sera 
 mauvaise. Corrhe. 
 
 24. (Eve of St Mark.) 
 
 In sa vigilia de Sanctu Marcu si faghet abbitta, 
 Abbundantia de figu cabidannitta Sardinia : 
 i.e., If it drizzle on St Mark's Eve, there will be abundance 
 
 of figs. 
 
MAY. 87 
 
 25. (St Mark.) 
 
 To smell of April and May 
 
 Black Cross Day. 
 
 S. Mark's Day was so called from the black covers of the 
 crosses and relics in the processions of the Great Litany, 
 used at Rome on this day, and instituted by St Gregory 
 the Great, A.D. 590, on occasion of a pestilence. It was 
 received in this country by the Council of Cloveshoe, 
 A.D. 747. 
 
 Quand il pleut le jour Saint Marc 
 II ne faut ni pouque ni sac. 
 
 So lange die Frosche vor Marti schrei'n 
 Miissen sie nachher stille sein. Rhine. 
 
 Les chevaliers de la lime rousse, helas ! 
 
 Saint Marc, Saint Eutrope (April 30), Saint Philippe 
 
 (May i), Saint Nicolas (May 9) 
 Nous menent de vie a trepas : 
 Mais le chevalier S. Loup (Sept. i ) 
 
 Gobe tout. Vienne. 
 
 28. (StVitalis.) 
 Friert es auf Sanct Vital 
 So geschieht's noch funfzehn Mai. 
 
 30. (St Eutropius.) 
 
 Saint Eutrope est un grand vendangeur. Charente- 
 Inferieur. 
 
 MAY. 
 
 Pleasant. 
 
 The merry month of May. 
 
88 MAY. 
 
 So the Sardinians say, 
 Allegru que Maju. 
 
 Mag l'e el piii bel mas de Tan Milan : 
 i.e., May is the most charming month in the year. 
 
 Mag 
 
 No g'a parag Lombardy : 
 
 i.e., May has no equal. 
 
 Cold. 
 
 Wenn der Mai den Maien (the white thorn) bringet, 
 1st es besser als wenn er ihn findet. 
 
 Kiihler Mai 
 
 Giebt guten Wein und vieles Heu. 
 
 Mai freschent 
 
 Paja e forment Milan : 
 
 i.e., A cold May brings bread and corn. 
 
 Maiaza hoz 
 
 Vrtea boz Basque : 
 
 i.e., A cold May, a good year. 
 
 Otorde dabila maiaza su eske Basque : 
 
 i.e., The month of May seeks warmth to exchange for bread. 
 
 But cold weather in May is not universally desired, for 
 A cold May enriches no one. 
 
 Der Frost, der im Mai kommt, schadet dem Wein, 
 Dem Hopfer, den Baumen, dem Korn und dem 
 Lein. 
 
 L'e chi Mag con longi dent, 
 Pover paisan senza forment Milan : 
 i.e., Here is May with his long teeth, and the poor peasant 
 without corn. 
 
MAY. 89 
 
 On account of the prevalence of east winds in May, we find 
 many proverbs warning us not to leave off warm clothing 
 till the end of the month e.g. : 
 
 a. Cast not a clout 
 Till May be out. 
 
 b. Who doffs his coat on a winter's day 
 Will gladly put it on in May. Scotland. 
 
 c. Hasta pasado Mayo 
 
 No te quites el sayo Spain : 
 i.e., Till May has passed do not leave off your overcoat. 
 
 d. Fin a quaranta de Mas 
 
 No lasa zo i stras North Italy : 
 
 i.e., Up to the fortieth of May, do not put away your winter 
 clothes. 
 
 e. Mag, Magion, 
 
 A ti la to rosa, a mi el peliscion. 
 i.e., May, dear May, you may have all the roses, if I may 
 have a warm coat. 
 
 Cold and Wind. 
 A cold May and a windy, 
 Makes a fat barn and a findy. 
 
 Mag fresch e ventos 
 
 Fa Tan bondanzios Milan : 
 
 i.e., A cool and windy May causes the year to be fruitful. 
 
 Hot. 
 
 Du mois de Mai la chaleur 
 
 De tout Tan fait la valeur. Manic. 
 
 A hot May makes a fat churchyard. 
 
90 M 
 
 11* CM* cqptafa* to tte Geraon : 
 
 m May 
 
 NV: pxx-. MOM <,-.). 
 
 Ne cornbie le groiier. 
 
 Witt dor Mai ein Giitnor son, 
 Tiigt or nkht ID die Sdieoeni eio. 
 
 V,, s.-:. 
 
 Gra de per tot na&a: 
 
 Wet 
 Mai phmeux raid le laboweur joyeux. 
 
 Water in May is bread all the year. 
 
 Maiazeoiite, 
 
 Yrte ogoite Bmsyme : 
 
 K^d.^ck? nt *:xx: 
 When dipped in May flood 
 
 An mois de Mai 
 
 H dudnait qoH ne plut jamais. Wuuhat* 
 
 Maggk> ortolano 
 
 Ono poco e mica grano Grno .* 
 
 i* A nnqr May brings fittfc buicy and no whea*. 
 
MAY. 91 
 
 A Hay flood 
 Never did good 
 
 Wet and Cold. 
 Mai kiihl tmd nass 
 Fiillt Scheuer tmd Fass. 
 
 Wet and Windy. 
 A wet May and a winnie, 
 Makes a fou stacky and a finnie. Scotland. 
 
 Windy. 
 A windy May makes a fair year. 
 
 Tempesta de Mag la raina aflace: 
 /.*., A storm in May brings mm with it. 
 
 Thunder in May signifieth that year, need, scarce- 
 ness and dearth of corn, and great hanger, 
 
 Book of Knowledge. 
 
 Qaand il tonne en Mai, 
 
 Les vaches ont du lait Haute Saone. 
 
 General 
 Fleur de Mai il faut s'y fier. Haute Loire. 
 
 En Mai 
 
 Bte et vinnaist 
 
 Be it weal or be it woe, 
 
 Beans should blow before May go. 
 
 Be sure of hay 
 
 Till the end of May. 
 
92 MAY. 
 
 He who mows in May 
 
 Will have neither fruit nor hay. 
 
 He who sows oats in May 
 Gets little that way. 
 
 Are quien aro, que ya Mayo entro Spain : 
 i.e.. Let him plough who ploughed before, for now May has 
 come. 
 
 Shear your sheep in May 
 And you'll shear them away. 
 
 He that would live for aye 
 Must eat sage in May. 
 
 Come it early or come it late, 
 
 In May comes the cow-quake i.e., tremulous grass. 
 
 Another version of which proverb is, 
 May, come she early or come she late, 
 She'll make the cow to quake ; 
 Because of the cold winds which often prevail in this month. 
 
 May, June, and July. 
 
 En Mai, Juin, et Juillet, 
 
 La bouche baignee et fresche. 
 
 They who bathe in May 
 Will soon be laid in clay : 
 They who bathe in June 
 Will sing a merry tune : 
 They who bathe in July 
 Will dance like a fly. Yorkshire. 
 
 May and June. 
 
 May and June are twin sisters. 
 
DAYS IN MAY. 93 
 
 Look at your corn in May, 
 
 And you'll come weeping away : 
 
 Look at the same in June, 
 
 And you'll come home in another tune. 
 
 Froid Mai et chaud Juin 
 Donnent pain et vin. 
 
 A dry May and a leaking June, 
 Bring all things into tune. 
 
 Mist in May and heat in June, 
 Make the harvest right soon. 
 
 A leaking May and a dry June, 
 Keep the poor man's head abune. 
 
 May and August. 
 
 Dieu nous garde de la poussiere de Mai 
 Et de la fange d'Aoust. Ariege. 
 
 DAYS IN MAY. 
 
 1. (SS. Philip and James, and St Walburga.) 
 First of May 
 Robin Hood's day. 
 
 Regen in die Walpurgisnacht. 
 
 Hat stets Tenn'und Keller vollgemacht. 
 
 S'il pleut le premier Mai 
 
 Le boeuf gagne et le cochon perd Gers : 
 
 Because the meadows will give more hay than the oaks acorns. 
 
94 DAYS IN MAY. 
 
 Quand il pleut le premier jour de Mai 
 
 Les vaches perdent moitie'de leur lait. Haute-Saonc. 
 
 Quand i plut 1'nuit de Mai, ign'y a point de ch cr- 
 ises. Picardy. 
 
 S'il pleut le premier jour de Mai 
 Les coings Madame sont cuellies. 
 
 Quando, Jacobe, dies tuus est et Sancte Philippe, 
 Nil segeti duro frigore pejus erit. 
 
 3. (Invention of the Holy Cross.) 
 If dry be the buck's horn on Holyrood morn, 
 
 'Tis worth a kist of gold ; 
 But if wet be seen ere Holyrood e'en, 
 
 Bad harvest is foretold. Yorkshire. 
 
 If the hart and the hind meet dry and part dry on 
 
 Rood day fair, 
 For sax weeks of rain there'll be nae mair. Scotland. 
 
 So piov a Santa Crus 
 
 No fa cunt sora i to nus Bergamo : 
 
 i.e., If it rain on Holyrood day do not reckon on your nuts. 
 
 L'invention de la Saint Croix, 
 Saint Jean port Latine (May 6), 
 Saint Paul ermite (January 10), 
 Ces trois marchands de pain et de vin font la 
 de'bite. Eure et Loire. 
 
 Seme tes haricots a la Sainte Croix, 
 Tu en rdcolteras plus que pour toi : 
 Seme les a la Saint Gengoult (May 1 1), 
 Un t'en donnera beaucoup : 
 
DAYS IN MAY. 95 
 
 Seme les a Saint Didier (May 23), 
 Pour un tu auras un millier. Cote d*Or. 
 
 4. 
 
 Si la lune est pleine ou nouvelle 
 Le jour que Sainte Croix suivra, 
 Et s'il avient que lors il gele, 
 Le plus grant part des fruits mourra. Calendrier 
 des bons Laboureurs. 
 
 Regarde bien, si tu me crois, 
 Le lendemain de Sainte Croix : 
 Si nous avons le temps serain, 
 Car on assure pour certain 
 Que quand cela vient, Dieu nous donne 
 L'annee premierement bonne : 
 Mais si le temps est pluvieux 
 Nous aurons 1'an infructueux. Calendrier des bons 
 Laboureurs. 
 
 5. 
 
 Lorsqu'il pleut le 5 Mai 
 
 II n'y a point de noix : 
 
 Lorsqu'il pleut le 15 Juin 
 
 II n'y a pas de raisin : 
 
 Lorsqu'il pleut a la Saint Barnabe, 
 
 II n'y a d'avoine partout ou on a seme. Morbihan. 
 
 6. (St John ante port : Lat :) 
 
 The Flemish rustics, who call this festival " Klein Jan voor 
 het waelsche porten," or, " Sint Jans in d'olie," believe 
 that an east wind blowing during the day presages fine 
 weather, and say, 
 
96 DAYS IN MAY. 
 
 Klein Jan peut accorder six beaux jours aux pay- 
 
 sannes. 
 
 S'il pleut le jour de la Saint Jean chaude, 
 Les biens de la terre de'perissent jusqu'k Pautre 
 
 (June 24). Cher. 
 
 S'il pleut le jour de la petite Saint Jean, 
 Toute I'anne'e s'en ressent, 
 
 Et notamment jusqu'a la grande Saint Jean. 
 Nievre. 
 
 9. (Saint Nicolas.) 
 Da San Nicolb 
 Se erba'l bo Venetia : 
 i.e., On St Nicholas' day give the oxen grass (meaning the 
 
 new hay). 
 
 11. (S.S. Gengulphus and Mamertus ; S. Maieul 
 of Cluni : St Mokius, in Greek Kalendar.) 
 
 S'il pleut le jour Saint Gengoul 
 Les pores auront de glands leur seul. 
 
 Saint Mamert, Saint Pancrace (May 12), et Saint 
 
 Servais (May 13), 
 Sans froid ces saints de glace ne vont jamais. 
 
 Haute Loire. 
 
 Quand il pleut le jour de Saint Maieul 
 
 Le cerises tombent par la queue. Puy de Dome. 
 
 If the day of St Mokius be wet, the summer will 
 
 also be wet. JRussia: 
 " Mokry," in Russian, signifies "wet." 
 
 12. (St Pancratius or Pancras.) 
 
 There is a prevalent belief on the Continent that very cold 
 
DAYS IN MAY. 97 
 
 weather, a second winter in fact, may be expected in the 
 middle of May. Besides the proverb just quoted (Saint 
 Mamert, Saint Pancrace, &c.), the French have another 
 to the same effect viz. : 
 
 A la mi-Mai 
 
 Queue d'hiver : 
 
 And in the north of Italy the peasants call this season 
 " L'inverno dei cavalieri." In France, as we have just 
 seen, the three saints, Mamertus, Pancratius, and Ser- 
 vatius, whose festivals fallen the nth, I2th, and I3th, 
 are termed "Ice saints;" and so a German proverb 
 says : 
 
 Pancraz, Servaz, und Bonifaz (May 14) sind drei 
 Eismanner. Rhine. 
 
 The Bohemians have made a special saint of their own, 
 whom they call Pan Serboni (a name composed of the 
 first syllables of Pancratius, Servatius, and Boniface), and 
 of whom they say that " Pan Serboni withers the trees 
 (with frost)." 
 
 But in Belgium, on the contrary, there is a proverb that 
 ' ' Saint Pancratius said to St Servatius, ' After my festival 
 there will be no more night frosts.' " 
 
 In the Saalthal, near Naumburg, these three saints are called 
 " Weindiebe," i.e., Wine-stealers. 
 
 Pancraz und Urban (May 25) ohne Regen 
 Folgt ein grosser Weinsegen. 
 
 To the twelfth of July from the twelfth of May 
 All is day. 
 
 13. (St Servatius.) 
 Vor Servatius kein Sommer, 
 Nach Servatius kein Frost. 
 
 Kein Reif nach Servaz, 
 Kein Schnee nach Bonifaz. 
 G 
 
98 DAYS IN MAY. 
 
 Wer seine Schafe scheert vor Servaz, 
 
 Dem ist die Woll' lieber als das Schaf. Eifel. 
 
 14. (St Boniface; St I sidor, in Greek Calendar.) 
 The Russians believe that the cold north winds cease on this 
 day ; hence they say 
 
 St Isidor is past, the north winds are over. 
 
 20. (St Bernardin of Siena.) 
 A Sant Bernardi 
 El fiores el li. 
 
 23. (St Desiderius.) 
 Plante un pois a la Saint Didter, 
 Tu recolteras un sender. Aube. 
 
 Quand on seme les haricots le jour de la Saint 
 
 Didier, 
 
 On les re'colte a la poigne'e : 
 Si on les seme a la Saint Claud (June 6) 
 Us rattrapent les autres. 
 
 25. (St Urban.) 
 
 The cold nights are believed to end with the festival of this 
 Saint. Thus we find : 
 
 Apres la Saint Urbain 
 
 Plus ne gelent vin ni pain. Rhone. 
 
 Que Saint Urbain ne soit passe 
 
 Le vigneron n'est pas assure. Hautes Alpes. 
 
 St Urban always drives his mother from the stove 
 Bohemia : 
 
 This saint is considered to be the patron and guardian of 
 vineyards : and in old times, if it rained on his day, the 
 
DAYS IN MAY. 99 
 
 husbandmen in South Germany, fearing a bad season, 
 used unceremoniously to throw his image into the nearest 
 pool : hence the saying 
 
 Wenn Sanct Urban kein gut Wetter geit, 
 Wird er in die Pfutzen geleit. 
 
 Tel Saint Urbain, telles vendanges. 
 
 Urbinet, 
 
 Le pire de tous quand il s'y met, 
 
 Car il casse le robinet. Lot et Garonne. 
 
 Se'piov el di de Sant Urban 
 Ogni spica la perd on gran : 
 
 i.e.y If it rains on St Urban's day, every ear of corn loses a 
 grain. 
 
 Sanct Urban hell und rein 
 Segnet die Fasser ein. 
 
 Saint Urbain, 
 
 Dernier march and de vin. Meuse. 
 
 Apres la Saint Urbain 
 
 Ce qui reste appartient au vilain. Meuse. 
 
 26. (St Philip of Neri.) 
 Quand ol piov a San Felep 
 Ol poer no g'a bisogna del rech Bergamo : 
 i.e., If it rain on St Philip's day, the poor man has no need 
 
 to beg of the rich. 
 
 31. (St Petronilla.) 
 
 Quand il pleut le jour de Sainte Petronille, 
 C'est que la sainte mouille sa guenille. Yonne. 
 
100 JUNE. 
 
 S'il pleut a la Sainte Petronille, 
 Les raisins deviennent grappiles, 
 Ou tombent en guenilles. Aube. 
 
 A Santa Petronela 
 La marenda la ve'n tera Bergamo : 
 i.e., By St Petronilla's day, the days get so long that lunch- 
 eon is necessary. 
 
 JUNE. 
 
 Cold and Wet. 
 
 Wenn kalt und nass der Juni war, 
 Verdirbt er meist das ganze Jahr. 
 
 Warm. 
 
 June, if sunny, 
 Brings harvests early. 
 
 C'est le mois de Juin 
 Qui fait le foin. Nievre. 
 
 Dry. 
 
 Juni, trocken mehr als nass, 
 Fiillt mit gutem Wein das Fass. 
 
 Wet. 
 
 A good leak in June 
 Sets all in tune. 
 
 Juin larmoyeux 
 
 Rend le laboureur joyeux. Hautes Alpes. 
 
 La pluie pendant le mois de Juin 
 Donne belle avoine et chetif foin. Benches du 
 Rhone. 
 
DAYS IN JUNE. IOI 
 
 Pluie de Juin n'est que fume'e. Maine et Loire. 
 
 Ein diirrer Brachmonat bringt ein unfruchtbar Jahr : 
 
 So er allzu nass, 
 
 Leeret er Scheuern und Fass : 
 
 Hat er aber zuweilen Regen, 
 
 Dann giebt er reichen Segen. Palatinate. 
 
 Calm. 
 
 Calm weather in June 
 Sets corn in tune. 
 
 Thunder. 
 
 S'il tonne au mois de Juin 
 
 Annee de paille et de foin. Indre. 
 
 " Thunder in June signifieth that same year that 
 woods shall be overthrown with winds, and great 
 raging shall be of lions and wolves, and so like 
 of other harmful beasts." Book of Knowledge. 
 
 June and July. 
 
 Giugno, la falce in pugno, 
 Se non e in pugno bene, 
 Luglio ne viene. 
 
 DAYS IN JUNE. 
 
 1. (St Fortunatus.) 
 
 If St Fortunatus's day be fine, we may expect a 
 fruitful season. Bohemia. 
 
 6. (St Norbert.) 
 
 Les bains qui prend St Norbert inondent la terre. 
 Belgium. 
 
102 DAYS IN JUNE. 
 
 8. (St Medard.) 
 
 This saint is held in high reputation throughout Europe as a 
 weather prophet : naturally, therefore, many proverbs are 
 found relating to his festival e.g. : 
 
 S'il pleut a la Saint Medard 
 
 La recolte diminue d'un quart : 
 
 S'il pleut a la Saint Barnabe' (June n), 
 
 Elle diminue de moitie : 
 
 Mais s'il fait beau a la Saint Barnabe, 
 
 Celui-ci lui coupe le bee ou le pied. Loire. 
 
 Quon plou lou jour de Saint Me'dar, 
 
 L'annado gagno ou per un car; i.e. t La recolte 
 
 augmente ou diminue d'un quart, 
 Et si Saint Barnabe 1'enduro, 
 La plejo (pluie) trente noou jours duro. Lozere. 
 
 Quand il pleut pour la Saint Me'dard 
 II pleut quarante jours plus tard. 
 
 Du jour Saint Me'dard en Juin 
 Le laboureur se donne soin, 
 Car les anciens disent s'il pleut 
 Que trente jours durer il peut, 
 Et s'il est beau, sois tout certain 
 _D 'avoir abon dance du grain. Calendrier des bons 
 Laboureurs. 
 
 S'il pleut le jour de Saint Me'dard, 
 
 Nous n'aurons ni vin ni lard. Haute Marne. 
 
 Quand il tombe de 1'eau le jour de Saint Me'dard, 
 Elle prend duble' pour remettre au Mars. Ardennes. 
 
DAYS IN JUNE. IO3 
 
 Si le jour de Saint Medard il pleut sur les vaches, 
 elles n'ont pas de lait de 1'annee. Saone et Loire. 
 Was Sanct Medardus fiir Wetter halt, 
 Solch Wetter auch in die Ernte fallt. 
 
 Wie's wittert auf Medardustag 
 
 So bleibt sechs Wochen lang danach. 
 
 Sinte Medard 
 Ses weeken naer Ghent: 
 
 i.e., On S. Medard's day it rains six weeks before or six 
 weeks after. 
 
 The Bohemians say, 
 " St Medard's drops drop for 40 days." 
 
 Medardi 4 hebd : imitantur. Bucelinus. 
 
 If on the eighth of June it rain 
 It foretells a wet harvest, men sain. 
 
 9. (St Faustus.) 
 
 St Faustus said to St Medard : " Barnabas and 
 Vitus are my neighbours, and together we will 
 give the country folk a good washing till Frederick 
 the Hollander (July 18) comes and closes the 
 doors of heaven." Belgium. 
 
 10. (St Margaret of Scotland.) 
 
 In the Tyrol this Saint is called " Die Wetterfrau : " 
 
 And there is a saying, 
 Regnet es am Margretentage 
 Dauert der Regen vierzehn Tage. 
 
 11. (St Barnabas.) 
 
 In the Clog Almanacs the mark or sign of this saint was a 
 rake, denoting the beginning of hay harvest. Hence the 
 proverbs : 
 
104 DAYS IN JUNE. 
 
 a. On St Barnabas, 
 
 Put the scythe to the grass. 
 
 b. A la Saint Barnabe 
 La faux au prd 
 
 c. Sant Barnabas nimmer die Sichel vergass, 
 Hat den langsten Tag und das langste Gras. 
 
 Barnaby bright, 
 
 The longest day and the shortest night. 
 
 Barn abac festo tempestas saepe oritur. Brand. 
 
 Regnet's auf Sanct Barnabas 
 Schwimmen die Trauben bis in's Fass. 
 
 Se piov la matina de San Barnaba 
 
 L'oa bianca tota la va, 
 
 E se'l piov de matina a sera, 
 
 La seguasta la bianca e po la nera Brescia ; 
 
 If it rains on the morning of St Barnabas, all the white 
 grapes will be destroyed ; and if it rains from morn to 
 night, the white and the black will both come to nothing. 
 
 Bles fleuris a la Saint Barnabe, 
 
 Presage d'abondance et de qualitd. Eure. 
 
 A la Saint Barnabe 
 
 Le seigle perd le pied. Tarn et Garonne. 
 
 15. (SS. Vitus and Cyr.) 
 If St Vitus's day be rainy weather, 
 It will rain for thirty days together. 
 
 And so the Latin, 
 
 Lux sacrata Vito si sit pluviosa, sequentes 
 Triginta facient omne madere solum. Buckler. 
 
DAYS IN JUNE. 1 05 
 
 Wenn es am Sanct Veitstag regnet, so soil das 
 
 Jahr fruchtbar sein. Swabia. 
 
 But in Westphalia they say, 
 Wenn es am Vitus'tage regnet, gedeiht der Hafer 
 
 nicht. 
 
 Se piov el di de Sant Vit 
 El prodot de 1'iiga e mez fallit Milan : 
 i.e., If it rain on St Vitus's day, half of the grapes will be 
 
 destroyed. 
 
 Sunne Vit, 
 
 Dann annert sik de Tiet, 
 Dann gait dat Lauf in de Egge stahn, 
 Dann hebbt de Viigel't Leggen dahn Rhine : 
 i.e., St Vitus's day, then the season changes, then the leaves 
 are fully out, then have the birds finished laying. 
 
 The nightingale stops singing on St Vitus's day. 
 Poland. 
 
 Vit bringt die Fliegen mit. 
 
 S'il pleut le jour de Saint Cyr, 
 
 Le vin diminue jusqu'k la tire. A liter. 
 
 16. St Tychon (in the Greek Calendar). 
 The birds are silent on St Tychon's day. Russia: 
 Perhaps because " tichy" is the Russian word for " still, quiet. " 
 
 19. (St Gervasius.) 
 Quand il pleut \ la Saint Gervais 
 II pleut quarante jours apres. Pas de Calais. 
 
 S'il pleut la veille Saint Gervais 
 Pour les bleds c'est signe mauvais, 
 Car d'iceux la tierce partie 
 Est ordinairement perie, 
 
IO6 DAYS IN JUNE. 
 
 A cause que par trente jours 
 Le temps humide aura son cours : 
 Que si tel jour estoit serain 
 
 Qu'on s'assure d'avoir du grain. Calendrier des 
 bans Laboureurs. 
 
 23. (Eve of St John the Baptist.) 
 
 If it rains on Midsummer Eve the filberts will be 
 spoiled. 
 
 La veglia de Sant Juan 
 
 El piov toe i an Brescia : 
 
 i.e., On the Eve of St John it rains every year. 
 
 24. (St John the Baptist) 
 
 Pluie de Saint Jean dure long temps. Mayenne. 
 
 Vor Johannis bet'um Regen, 
 
 Nach Johannis kommt er ungebeten : 
 
 Another form of which is, 
 
 Vor Johanni miissen die Priester um Regen bitten, 
 nach Johanni kann man's selber. Westphalia. 
 
 Regnet's am Johannistag, so regnet es noch vier 
 Wochen, und man hat eine schlechte Ernte zu 
 erwarten. Westphalia. 
 
 Orages avant la Saint Jean 
 
 Ne sont pas dangereux, 
 
 Apres ils sont violents. Vendee. 
 
 It seems a prevalent opinion that rain on this day is very 
 prejudicial to nuts. Thus we find : 
 
 a. If Midsummer Day be never so little rainy, the 
 hazel and walnut will be scarce : corn smitten 
 
DAYS IN JUNE. IO? 
 
 in many places : but apples, pears, and plums 
 will not be hurt. Shepherd's Kalendar. 
 
 b. Du jour Saint Jean la pluie 
 
 Fait la noisette pourrie. Calendrier des bons 
 Laboureurs. 
 
 c. Regnet's auf Johannistag 
 1st der Haselniisse Flag. 
 
 d. Pluvias Sancti Johannis festo quadraginta dies 
 
 pluviae sequuntur, certa nucum pernicies. 
 Bucelinus. 
 
 Midsummer rain 
 Spoils hay and grain. 
 
 So the French, 
 
 Quand il pleut a la Saint Jean, 
 Les bles degenerent souvent. Eure et Loire. 
 
 Eau de Saint Jean ote le vin 
 
 Et ne donne point de pain. Meuse. 
 
 And the Latin, 
 
 Baptistae fuerit quum lux pluviosa Johannis 
 Ingrati messis plena laboris erit. Buchler. 
 
 Se piove'l di de San Zuane 
 Carestia de sorgo e anca de cane Venice : 
 i.e., If it rain on St John's day there will be a bad growth of 
 millet and reeds. 
 
 La not de San Giovan 
 
 Se forma el most nel gran. Milan. 
 
 Cut your thistles before St John 
 You will have two instead of one. 
 
108 DAYS IN JUNE. 
 
 Montre-moi une olive a la Saint Jean, 
 Je t'en montrerai mille a la Toussaint. Benches 
 du Rhone. 
 
 Vor Johannistag 
 
 Man Gerst 'und Hafer nicht loben mag. Eiftf. 
 
 Hasta San Juan 
 
 Todo vino rabadan Andalusia : 
 
 i.e., Up to St John's day wine is fit only for peasants. 
 
 It is a saying in wine countries that wine of the 
 last year's vintage is not good till the following 
 Midsummer. See St Gallus, Oct. 16. 
 
 Wenn der Kukuk nach Johanni singt, 
 Einen nassen Herbsten er uns bringt. Eifel. 
 
 As many days as the cuckoo sings after St John, 
 so many warm days will there be after Michael- 
 mas. Carinthia. 
 
 Deshabillez vous pour la Saint Jean, 
 
 Et le lendemain 
 
 Reprenez vos vetements. Vancluse. 
 
 A la Saint Jean, verjus pendant, 
 Argent comptant. Vosges. 
 
 Saint Jean doit une averse ; 
 
 S'il ne la paye pas Saint Pierre la doit. Cote (TOr. 
 
 27. (The Seven Sleepers of Ephesus.) 
 Les sept dormans 
 Remettent le temps. 
 
 Regnet's am Tage der Siebenschlafer, regnet es 
 noch sieben Wochen. 
 
DAYS IN JUNE. 109 
 
 Sind die Schlafertage nass 
 Nicht gut fur Scheuer und Fass. 
 
 28. (Eve of St Peter.) 
 
 Si'l pleut la veille de Saint Pierre, 
 
 La vinee est re'duite au tiers. Lot et Garonne. 
 
 29. (SS. Peter and Paul.) 
 
 Saint Pierre et Saint Paul pluvieux 
 Pour trente jours dangereux. Eure. 
 
 Saint Pierre et Saint Paul 
 
 Lavent les rues de Saint Martial. Dordogne. 
 
 Saint Pierre pleure toujours. Maine et Loire. 
 
 Aqua de San Peder 
 
 Aqua senza meder. Milan. 
 
 On craint le coq de la Saint Pierre : lorsqu'il 
 chante, il amene le mauvais temps. 
 
 Schon zu Sanct Paul 
 
 Fiillt Taschen und Maul. Austria. 
 
 De Saint Paul lou beau temps 
 
 Nour fare vioure contents. Hautes Alpes. 
 
 Cum recolit Petri Paulique Ecclesia sancta 
 
 Martyrium, radix frugibus emeritur. 
 Tune maturescunt segetes, noctesque diesque, 
 
 Approperatque cito messis arnica pede. Buckler. 
 
 Da Perrersdag (Peterstag), 
 Das heckt der Has, 
 Da jongt de Koh, 
 
I 10 JULY. 
 
 Da lat (legt) dat Hoh (Huhn), 
 
 Da kryt de Husfrou vel ze doh (thun) Rhine : 
 
 i.e., On St Peter's day the hare brings forth her young, the 
 
 cow calves, the hen lays, the goodwife cries, " Well 
 
 done !" 
 
 An Peter und Pol 
 
 Lauft der Hase in'n Kohl. Hesse Darmstadt. 
 
 Quand che San Peter el ven, 
 O che 1'e paja, o che 1'e fen Milan : 
 i.e., When St Peter's day comes, we can tell whether we 
 shall have straw or hay. 
 
 JULY. 
 Hot. 
 
 Sul de Lui 
 
 El fa per dii Brescia : 
 
 i.e., July sun does for two. 
 
 In July take off your clothes, in December put on 
 the warmest that you have. Russia. 
 
 Wechselt im Juli stets Regen und Sonnenschein, 
 So wird im nachsten Jahr die Ernte reichlich sein. 
 
 Storms. 
 
 No tempest, good July, 
 Lest the corn look ruely. 
 
 Thunder. 
 
 Thunder in July signifieth the same year shall be 
 good corn, and loss of beasts : that is to say, 
 their strength shall perish. Book of Knowledge. 
 
DAYS IN JULY. Ill 
 
 General. 
 
 Triulas triulado Sardinia : 
 
 i.e., Plaguy July : because in this month there is so much 
 work for the farmer. 
 
 In July 
 
 Shear your rye. 
 
 Au mois de Juliet 
 
 La faucille au poignet. Jura. 
 
 The Bohemians say, 
 " In July the quail calls to the reapers in the field, 
 
 * Come cut : come cut : here's five kreuzers, five 
 
 kreuzers for you.' " 
 
 July and August. 
 In July 
 
 Some reap rye : 
 In August, 
 If one will not, the other must. 
 
 In Hindustan, where Sawun corresponds with our month of 
 
 July, there is the proverb, 
 A dry Sawun, a dry B'hadun i. e., August and 
 
 September, 
 
 July and January. 
 
 Wie der Juli war, 
 
 Wird der Januar. Thuringia. 
 
 DAYS IN JULY. 
 
 1. (St Calais.) 
 
 Quand il pleut a la Saint Calais, 
 II pleut quarante jours apres. Sarthe. 
 
112 DAYS IN JULY. 
 
 If the first of July be rainy weather 
 
 'Twill rain more or less for four weeks together. 
 
 2. (Visitation of B. V. M., SS. Processus and 
 
 Martinian.) 
 Wenn's zu Maria regnen mag, 
 
 50 regnet's noch manchen Tag. Austria. 
 
 If it rain on the second of July, such weather shall 
 
 be forty days after : day by day. Husbandman's 
 
 Practice. 
 
 And so the Latin saying, 
 Secundo die Julii pluvia 40 dies similes conducit 
 
 Bucelinus. 
 
 The Belgians say, 
 
 Quand Notre Dame dit, le jour de la Visitation h 
 S. Jean, nous ferons pleuvoir ! cela gate toute la 
 recolte. 
 
 The Danish peasants, according to Wormius (Fast. Dan. 115) 
 declare that if there be rain on this day, it will continue 
 to the day of S. Mary Magdalene, the 22d of this month : 
 and on the Rhine the 2d of July has such a watery repu- 
 tation, that it is called " Maria Eintropfentag " i. e. , 
 Mary Drip Day ; thus the proverb : 
 
 Wann't op Mariendach en Driiopken riagent, dann 
 riagent, et (af un tau) vottich Dage derna : 
 
 i. e. , If it rain only a drop on St Mary's day, it will rain, off 
 and on, for forty days. 
 The Latin version of which is, 
 
 Alma Dei genitrix quo tempore Virgo Maria 
 
 Cognatam invisit plena pudore suam, 
 
 51 pluat, haud poteris ccelum sperare serenum, 
 Transivere aliquot ni prius ante dies. Buckler. 
 
DAYS IN JULY. 113 
 
 Deux jours alors que Marie 
 L'on visite, s'il fait pluye, 
 Asseurez vous que les filles 
 
 Cueilleront bien peu de noisilles. Calendrier des 
 bons Laboureurs. 
 
 Si pluat in festo Processi et Martiniani, 
 Imber erit grandis et suffocatio grani. Brand. 
 
 Wie die Mutter Gottes iiber das Gebirge geht, so 
 kehrt sie wieder zuriick. 
 
 4. (Translation of St Martin. ) 
 If the deer rise dry and lie down dry on Bullion's 
 day, there will be a good harvest. 
 
 Bullion's day, if ye be fair, 
 
 For forty days 'twill rain nae mair. 
 
 In Scotland this day is called St Martin of Bullion's day : 
 for what reason it is uncertain. Du Cange styles it, 
 " Festum Sancti Martini Bullientis, vulgo etiamnum 
 Saint Martin Bouillant : " ;'.<?., Hot, boiling; perhaps 
 from the heat of the season in which this festival falls. 
 
 And so we find in France : 
 
 S'il pleut le jour de la Saint Martin bouillant, 
 II pleut six semaines durant. Maine, 
 
 6. (St Godelieve.) 
 
 Rain on this day is dreaded in Belgium. 
 
 7. (St Benedict XL) 
 
 S'il pleut le jour de Saint Benoit, 
 II pleuvra trente sept jours plus trois. Seine-In- 
 ferieure. 
 
 H 
 
114 DAYS IN JULY. 
 
 9. (St Kilian.) 
 Sanct Kilian 
 
 Stellt Schnitter an. Bavaria. 
 
 The Danes apply this proverb to St Knud's day, July 10 ; 
 and the Bohemians to St Margaret's, the I3th. 
 
 10. (St Felicitas and her seven sons.) 
 
 Wie das Wetter am Sieben-Briider-Tage ist, so soil 
 es sieben Wochen bleiben. 
 
 13. (St Margaret.) 
 
 If S. Margaret's day be dry, God will give us a fine 
 autumn. Gallida. 
 
 The Bohemians consider that harvest should begin on this 
 
 day, and say : 
 S. Margaret puts the sickle to the corn. 
 
 Siinte Margraite, 
 Latt us de Niiete genaiten. 
 Siinte Magdelene, 
 Jetet se alien e. 
 
 i.e., St Margareth 
 
 Lasst uns die Niisse geniessen ; 
 St Magdalene (July 22). 
 Isst sie allein. Westphalia. 
 
 An Margrethen Regen 
 
 Bringt den Niissen keinen Segen. 
 
 In the old Calendars, St Margaret's day was considered to be 
 the first of the Dog-days, whence the proverb : 
 
 Margaris os Canis est, caudam Laurentius (Aug. 
 10) addit. 
 
DAYS IN JULY. 115 
 
 15. (StSwithin.) 
 
 If St Swithin weeps, the proverb says, 
 The weather will be foul for forty days. Country 
 
 Almanac, 1675. 
 
 St Swithin's day, if thou be fair, 
 'Twill rain for forty days nae mair : 
 St Swithin's day, if thou dost rain, 
 For forty days it will remain. 
 
 If on St Swithin's day it proves fair, a temperate 
 winter will follow : but if rainy, stormy, or 
 windy, then the contrary. 
 
 In some parts of England, says Hone, they have a proverb, 
 11 St Swithin is christening the apples," when it 
 rains on this day. 
 
 Mr Earle has completely exploded the old story about the 
 translation of the bones of this saint, and shown it to be 
 in every respect without foundation. So far from rain 
 and tempests bursting forth on that occasion, the weather 
 seems to have been most propitious. " How then," says 
 Chambers (Book of Days, vol. ii. p. 63) ' ' did the popular 
 notion about St Swithin's day arise ? Most probably, as 
 Mr Earle remarks, it was derived from some primeval 
 pagan belief regarding the meteorologically prophetic 
 character of some day about the same period of the year 
 as S. Swithin's. It is to be observed that (as the 
 reader of this work will doubtless have noticed) in 
 various countries of the European continent the same 
 belief prevails, though differences exist as to the period 
 of the particular day in question. Thus, in France, St 
 Medard (June 8) and SS. Gervase and Protasius (June 
 19) have a similar character assigned to them. In Belgium 
 they have a rainy saint, St Godelieve (July 6) ; whilst in 
 Germany, amongst others, a character of that description 
 
Il6 DAYS IN JULY. 
 
 is ascribed to the day of the Seven Sleepers (June 27)." 
 In some parts of Poland St Harold (July 19) is considered 
 a weather prophet ; and for Denmark, see above on July 
 2d and July gth ; and for North Italy, July 26th. 
 The number forty plays a very prominent part in weather 
 proverbs, and it seems probable that it is to be referred 
 to the frequent occurrence of this period in Holy Scrip- 
 ture e.g., the rain fell on the earth for foi'ty days whilst 
 Noah \vas in the ark ; Moses was forty days in Mount 
 Sinai ; Elijah was forty days in the wilderness ; our 
 blessed Lord the same time. So, too, do persons coming 
 from infected places remain forty days either on shipboard 
 or in some building set apart for the purpose, before they 
 are permitted to have their freedom. The right of 
 sanctuary was also limited to the same period. 
 
 18. (St 'Philastrius.) 
 A Sant Filaster 
 Ne pio mei, ne pio polaster. 
 
 21. (SS. Daniel (Abbot) and Victor.) 
 
 In Belgium rain on this day is considered to prognosticate 
 fair weather. 
 
 Si plueu lou tyourt de Saint Victor 
 
 La recolto n'es pas d'or. Hautcs Alpes. 
 
 22. (St Mary Magdalene.) 
 
 Maria Magdalena weint um ihren Herrn, 
 D'rum regnet's an diesem Tage gern. 
 
 A la Madeleine 
 
 Les noix sont pleines. 
 
 So the Italians, 
 
 A Santa Maria Maddalena 
 Les nus le piena : 
 
DAYS IN JULY. 1 1/ 
 
 plena o d'empieni 
 
 1 nos scieg i la 61 dervi Brescia : 
 
 i.e., On St Mary Magdalene's day the nuts are full : full or 
 not, our children will open them. 
 
 24. SS. Boris and Gleb (in the Calendar of the 
 Greek Church). 
 
 There is a Russian proverb, 
 Boris and Gleb are bread-makers. 
 Bread in all Sclavonic dialects is called " chleb." 
 
 25. (St James the Greater.) 
 
 The Germans believe that as the weather is on this day, so 
 will it be on the festival of Christmas. Thus : 
 
 Jakobi klar und rein, 
 
 Wird Christfest kalt und frostig sein. 
 So also they say, 
 
 Der Vormittag vom Jakobstag 
 
 Das Wetter bis Weihnacht deuten mag. 
 
 This belief was shared by our ancestors, for in an old work 
 entitled "The Husbandman's Practice," is found the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 " An old rule of the Husbandman. 
 " When it is fair three Sundays after St James his 
 day, it betokeneth that corn shall be very good : 
 but if it rain then the corn withereth : S. James's 
 day before noon betokeneth the winter time 
 before Christmas ; and after noon, it betokeneth 
 the time after Christmas. If it be so that the 
 sun shine on S. James his day, it is a token of 
 cold weather : but if it rain thereon, it is a token 
 of warm and moist weather : but if it is between 
 the two, that is a token of neither too warm nor 
 yet too cold." 
 
Il8 AUGUST. 
 
 If there are white clouds in the sky at sunrise on this day the 
 
 Germans say that, 
 " Der Schnee bliiht fur nachsten Winter." 
 
 26. (S. Anne.) 
 
 Rain on this day is called in North Italy " St Anne's 
 dower ;" thus 
 
 Come I'd sana 
 
 La dota de Sant'Anna Milan : 
 
 i. e. , How healthful is the dower of St Anne ! 
 
 Se piov el di de Sant'Anna 
 Piov on mes e ona setimana Milan : 
 i.e., If it rain on St Anne's day, it will rain for a month and 
 a week. 
 
 A Santa Anna 
 
 Sa madura 1'ulidna Venice : 
 
 i.e., On St Anne's day the July grape is ripe. 
 
 AUGUST. 
 
 Warm. 
 
 Dry August and warm, 
 Doth harvest no harm. 
 
 El su d'Agost 
 
 L'ingana la massera el pret e 1'ost Milan: 
 i.e., August sun disappoints the maid, the priest, and the 
 host (because it scorches up all the vegetables). 
 
 Wet. 
 
 Quand il pleut en Aoust, 
 II pleut miel et bon moust. 
 
AUGUST. 119 
 
 So the Spaniards say, 
 Quando llueve en Agosto 
 Llueve miel y mosto. 
 
 And the Italians, 
 L'aqua d'Agost 
 L'e tota mel e tot most. Bergamo. 
 
 La prima acqua d'Agost 
 
 La rinfresca'l bosc Bergamo : 
 
 i.e., Rain early in August refreshes the trees. 
 
 La prim'aqua d'Agost 
 La porta via on sach de piires e de mosch : 
 i.e., Rain early in August carries off with it a sack of fleas 
 and one of flies. 
 
 A wet August never brings dearth. 
 
 Thunder. 
 
 Tonnerre au mois d'Aout, 
 
 Abondance de grappes et bon mout. Drome. 
 
 Thunder in August signineth the same year, sor- 
 row, wailing of many, for many shall be sick. 
 Book of Knowledge. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Nordwinde im August bringen bestandiges Wetter. 
 
 General. 
 
 Ce sont faucilles apres Aout. 
 
 En moissonant se passe 1'Aout 
 En Aoust faict il bon glaner. 
 
 En Aout quiconque dormira 
 Sur midi s'en repentira. Oise. 
 
120 DAYS IN AUGUST. 
 
 Qui dort en Aoust 
 
 Dort a son coust Cote dOr. 
 
 So the Italian proverb : 
 A dormi d'Agost 
 Se dorma a so mal cost. Bergamo. 
 
 August and September. 
 
 August ripens, September gathers in. 
 
 August bears the burden, September the fruit. 
 
 Agost el ciisina 
 
 E Setember Tempienss la cantina Brescia : 
 
 i.e., August fills the kitchen and September the cellar. 
 
 Ce qu'Aout n'aura cuit 
 
 Septembre ne le rotira. Hant Rhine. 
 
 And so the German, 
 Was der August nicht kocht, lasst der September 
 
 ungebraten. 
 
 August and March. 
 
 August is as much warmer than March, as Asia is 
 better than Africa. A Russian Proverb. 
 
 DAYS IN AUGUST. 
 
 1. (St Peter ad vincula : or Lammas-day.) 
 Quand il pleut le premier Aout, 
 C'est signe qu'il n'y aura pas de regain (aftermath). 
 
 ( Coreze. 
 
 After Lammas corn ripens as much by night as by 
 day. 
 
 Because of the heavy night dews. 
 
DAYS IN AUGUST. 121 
 
 1-12. 
 
 In Albania the country people believe that the 
 first twelve days of August foretell the character 
 of the weather during the ensuing twelve months. 
 See on Jan. 2 and 25. 
 
 6. (The Transfiguration of our Lord : St Sixtus.) 
 San Transfiguratio qual es el dia tal es el ano 
 Spain : 
 
 i.e., As the weather is on the day of the Transfiguration, so 
 will it be the rest of the year. 
 
 The Saviour is coming, get your gloves ready. 
 Russia. 
 
 In Sixti festo venti validi memor esto, 
 
 Si sit nulla quies, farra valere scies. Brand; 
 
 7. (St Cajetan.) 
 L'acqui di san Gaitanu 
 Arrifrescanu lu chianu : 
 
 L'acqui di 1'Assunzioni (August 15) 
 Pigghiatili ca su boni. 
 
 10. (St Laurence.) 
 A la Saint Laurent, 
 La faucille au froment. 
 
 Um Sanct Laurenti Sonnenschein 
 Bedeutet ein gutes Jahr von Wein. 
 
 Sanct Laurenz bringt eine Helle oder Spreng; i.e., 
 rain. Eifel. 
 
 Regnet's an Laurentii Tag, giebt es viele Mause. 
 
122 DAYS IN AUGUST. 
 
 Jaun done Laurent! 
 
 Escu bate-an-euria, beste-an-ilinti Basque : 
 i.f.y After St Laurence, on one day comes rain,, on the next 
 mildew. 
 
 De Sen Laoure'ns a Nostro Damo (August 15) 
 La plejo (la pluie) n'afligio pas Tamo. Lozere. 
 
 If it is fine on St Laurence's day and the day of 
 the Assumption, there will be a good vintage. 
 Illyria. 
 
 The two following French and Italian proverbs exactly cor- 
 respond, viz. : 
 
 Se ploou a San Laouren, 
 La plehjo ven ben at en : 
 Se ploou per Nostro Damo 
 Cadun encoro raimo : 
 Se ploou a San Bertoumiou 
 Boufo li aou kiou. Gard. 
 
 i.e. S'il pleut a la Saint Laurent 
 La pluie vient k temps : 
 Si elle vient a Notre Dame 
 Chacun encore 1'aime : 
 Si la pluie vient a Saint Barthelemy 
 Souffle lui au derriere. 
 
 Se'l piov per San Lorenz, 
 
 L'e on po tardi, ma 1'e a temp : 
 
 Se'l piov per la Madona, 
 
 Lassei di, che I'anmo bonna : 
 
 Ma se'l piov per San Bartolome (Aug. 24) 
 
 Te ghe podet boffagh adre Milan : 
 
 i.e., If it rain on St Laurence, it is rather late, but still in 
 
DAYS IN AUGUST. 123 
 
 time : if it rain on the Assumption, it is, let me tell you, 
 also good : but if it rain on St Bartholomew, all you can 
 do is to give the saint a buffet. 
 
 S'il pleut a la Saint Laurent, 
 La pluie est encore a temps : 
 Mais a la Saint Barthe'lemy 
 Tout le monde en fait fi. Rhone. 
 
 Wie Laurenz und Bartholomai, 
 So dich zum Herbst gefreu. 
 
 Sanct Laurenz erste Herbstag. 
 Saint Laurent arrange les bles noirs. 
 
 15. (Assumption of B. V. M.) 
 If the sun do shine on the 1 5th of August, that is a 
 good token, and especially for wind. Husband- 
 man's Practice. 
 
 Himmelfahrt Maria Sonnenschein 
 Bringt guten Wein : 
 
 Of which the Latin version is, 
 Alma Dei genitrix qua luce assumpta putatur, 
 Promittit solis suavia vina jubar. Buckler. 
 
 A la Madonna 
 L'e anmb bonna : 
 De San Roch (August 16) 
 L'a spata trop Milan : 
 
 i.e., Rain on Our Lady's day is good, on St Roch it is too 
 late. 
 
 Assumptio augustior copiam notat. Bucdinus. 
 
 The holy queen of heaven gives us the first nuts. 
 Bohemia. 
 
124 DAYS IN AUGUST. 
 
 Krutwigge brenget 'et Salt in de Appeln Munsteri 
 i.e., Cabbage Feast brings salt into the apples (if it rain on 
 
 this day). 
 
 In Germany this festival is called "Our Lady's cabbage 
 feast " (unserer Frauen Krauterweihe), because it is the 
 custom amongst the Roman Catholics on this day to bring 
 to church cabbages or ears of corn to be blessed, which 
 they keep as a safeguard against storms, sickness, evil 
 spirits, &c. 
 
 19. (SS. Louis and Sebald.) 
 
 Urn den Ludwigstag pflegt warmes Sommerwetter 
 gern in Regen umzusehlagen, der an acht Tage 
 dauert. 
 
 This is a good day for turnip-sowing, for St Sebald 
 (who, to oblige a poor man, turned icicles into 
 logs of wood) can cause each seed to produce a 
 fine root. Belgium. 
 
 24. (St Bartholomew.) 
 A'la Saint Barthelemy 
 La perche au noyer, 
 Le trident au fumier. Ain. 
 
 If this day be misty, the morning beginning with a 
 hoar-frost, the cold weather will soon come, and 
 a hard winter. Shepherd's Kalendar. 
 
 St Bartholomew 
 Brings the cold dew : 
 Because the nights now begin to be cold. 
 
 Um Bartima 
 Schaut der Schnee 
 Ueber's Joch \xx.-Tyrol. 
 
DAYS IN AUGUST. 125 
 
 Bartelmies 
 
 Spart Botter onn Kies (Butter un Kas) 
 
 Lingen-Hosen und Struh-H6t. Platt-Deutsch. 
 
 If it rains on this day it rains for forty days. Book 
 of Knowledge. 
 
 Se ploou per Se-Berthoumiou, 
 Se t'e'n moques, noun foou pas iou; i.e., non pas 
 moi. Lozere. 
 
 Wie Sanct Bartholomaus sich verhalt, 
 So ist der ganze Herbst bestellt. 
 
 S'il pleut a la Saint Barthe'lemy, 
 
 II y aura assez de raves et de regain. Dordogne. 
 
 All the tears St Swithin can cry, 
 
 St Bartholomew's dusty mantle wipes dry. 
 
 If Bartlemy's day be fair and clear, 
 
 We may hope for a prosperous autumn that year. 
 
 Sancti Bartholomaei autumnus imitatur. 
 
 St Bartholomew shortens our afternoons. Poland. 
 
 26. (St Lissander.) 
 
 In the north of Italy the peasants believe that it always rains 
 on this day, and call the saint to whom it is dedicated 
 *' The Waterer, or Water-carrier j " hence the proverb, 
 
 San Lissander daquarol, 
 
 O che'l piov o che'l se dol. 
 
 28. (St Augustine.) 
 Sant Augustin, taca tacon Venetia : 
 i.e., On St Augustine's day darn your clothes (in preparation 
 
 'for winter). 
 
126 SEPTEMBER. 
 
 SEPTEMBER. 
 
 Warm. 
 
 Quand la cigale chante en Septembre 
 N'achete pas de ble pour le revendre. Gard. 
 
 The Italian proverb is similar, viz. : 
 Se canta la sigala de Setember 
 No compra gra de vender. Milan. 
 
 Septembre est le mai d'automne. Aube. 
 
 Bain. 
 
 September Regen 
 Fur Saat und Reben 
 Dem Bauer gelegen. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 September, blow soft, 
 Till the fruit 's in the loft. 
 
 Thunder. 
 
 Thunder in September signifieth the same year 
 great wind, plenty of corn, and much falling out 
 between man and man. Book of Knowledge. 
 
 General. 
 
 Setember 
 
 Fosset semper Brescia : 
 
 i.e., Would it were ever September. 
 
 Lorsque beaucoup d'e'toiles filent en Septembre, 
 Les tonneaux sont alors trop petits en Novembre. 
 Haute Loire. 
 
DAYS IN SEPTEMBER. 12? 
 
 O Setember el porta i pont, 
 O el siiga tilt de cap a fond Milan : 
 i.e., September either carries away bridges, or else dries up 
 everything high and low. 
 
 Fools grow fat in September Sardinia : 
 Because the wise husbandman has so much to do in this 
 month. 
 
 DAYS IN SEPTEMBER. 
 
 1. (SS. Giles and Lupus.) 
 S. Egidius serenus 4 hebd. serenat. Bucelinus. 
 
 Wie der Sanct Egidi'tag 
 So der ganze Monat mag. " 
 
 Wie der Hirsch in die Brunst tritt (on S. Giles's 
 day), so tritt er wieder heraus (on Michaelmas 
 day.) 
 
 In Venerem rapitur lascivo corpore cervus, 
 Egidi, quando lux tua, Sancte, fuit. 
 Turn quoque si Phoebus splendet, fit copia vini, 
 Et secum autumnus commoda multa trahit. - 
 Buckler. 
 
 1st zu Egidi ein heller Tag 
 
 Ich dir einen guten Herbst versag'. 
 
 About Aix la Chapelle the country people consider that cold 
 weather begins on this day ; and have a proverb, 
 
 Um Sanct Gillis geht Kaiser Karl nach dem 
 Winterquartier, um Christi Himmelfahrt kommt 
 er wieder heraus. 
 
128 DAYS IN SEPTEMBER. 
 
 In Picardy they say', because the evenings become longer : 
 Al Saint Leu 
 
 El lampe och' cleu ; i.e., on the nail. 
 The Russians calls this day "The carrier-away of summer." 
 
 3. (St Gregory the Great.) 
 A la Saint Gre'goire 
 II faut tailler la vigne pour boire. Charente. 
 
 Os pouvons r'mercier Saint Gregoire, 
 
 Os avons du mau, os n'n'aurons coire. Picardy. 
 
 7. Au septieme Septembre seme ton ble, 
 Car ce jour vaut du fumier : 
 
 Seme tes ble's a la Saint Maurice (Sept. 22), 
 
 Tu en auras a ton caprice : 
 
 Seme a la Saint Denis (Oct. 9), 
 
 Tu contempleras tes semis. Cote d' Or. 
 
 8. (Nativity of B. V. M.) 
 
 Wie das Wetter an Maria Geburt, so soil es vier 
 WocKen bleiben. Swabia. 
 
 An Maria Geburt 
 
 Fliegen die Schwalben furt. 
 
 9. (St Gorgonius.) 
 
 Se fa bel el di de San Gorgon 
 Per quaranta di 1'e bel e bon Milan : 
 i.e., If it is fine on St Gorgonius's day it will continue fine 
 for forty days. 
 
 Se piove da San Gorgon 
 Sete brentane e un brentanon Venice: 
 " Brentana " means a flooding of the Brenta. 
 
DAYS IN SEPTEMBER. 129 
 
 Se piove per San Gorgonio 
 Tutto Fottobre 1'e un demonio Tuscany : 
 i.e., If it rain on St Gorgonius's day, October will prove 
 a demon. 
 
 15. (StNicetas.) 
 
 On S. Nicetas the wild geese fly away (a sign of 
 the approach of winter). Russia. 
 
 "The weather," says Forster, "is at least six times out of 
 seven, fine on this day." 
 
 17. (St Lambert.) 
 Saint Lambert pluvieux 
 Neuf jours dangereux. Aisne. 
 
 Ch'est aujourd'hui Saint Lambert, 
 Qui quitte ess' plache el' perd. Nord. 
 
 21. (St Matthew.) 
 1st Matthai hell und klar, 
 Hoff du viel Wein auf s nachste Jahr. Palatinate. 
 
 Quand il pleut a la Saint Matthieu 
 Fais coucher tes vaches et tes bceufs. Haute 
 Loire. 
 
 Wenn Matthaus weint statt lacht, 
 Er aus dem Weine Essig macht. 
 
 Mathies 
 
 Macht die Weimer, i.e. grapes, siiss. Tyrol. 
 
 Tritt Matthaus sturmisch ein 
 Wird's bis Ostern Winter kein. 
 
 In Italy they consider the fine sunny weather to be now at 
 an end thus : 
 
 I 
 
130 DAYS IN SEPTEMBER. 
 
 Dop el di de San Mate 
 
 Poch bei di te vedare Milan : 
 
 i.e., After St Matthew you will not see many fine days. 
 
 And so in England we say : 
 St Matthee, 
 Shut up the bee. 
 
 And the Germans : 
 An Matthai 
 Die Miitze liber die Ohren zieh 
 
 St Matthew, 
 
 Get candlesticks new. 
 
 22. (St Maurice.) 
 
 Wenn es an Mauritius klares Wetter ist, so sollen 
 im nachsten Winter viele Winde tosen. Suabia. 
 
 29. St Michael and all Angels : St Cyriacus (in 
 
 the Calendar of the Greek Church). 
 If Michaelmas-day be fine, the sun will shine much 
 in the winter, though the wind at north-east will 
 frequently reign long and be sharp and nipping. 
 Shepherd's Kalendar. 
 
 Quand le vent est au nord le jour de la Saint Michel, 
 Le mois d'Octobre est sec. Vendee. 
 
 A San Michel 
 
 El calor el va sii in ciel Milan : 
 
 i.e., On Michaelmas-day the heat ascends (leaves us). 
 
 Se 1'Arcangiol se bagna i al 
 El vor piov fina a Nadal : 
 
 i.e.. If the Archangel wet his wing, it will rain up to 
 Christmas. 
 
DAYS IN SEPTEMBER. 131 
 
 Pluie de Saint Michel 
 
 Soit devant ou derriere, elle ne demeure au ciel. 
 
 Regen am Sanct Michaelistag lasst, ohne Gewitter, 
 einen milden Winter : mit Gewitter, viel Wind 
 erwarten. 
 
 Regnet's am Michaelis- und am Gallus-Tage (Oct. 
 1 6) nicht, so rechnet man auf ein trockenes 
 Friihjahr. 
 
 On St Cyriacus the cold begins; on St Mary's 
 day in the winter (Nov. 9) it has set in. 
 Russia. 
 
 A la Saint Michel on cueille chaque fruit. 
 
 A Michaelmas rot 
 Comes ne'er in the pot. 
 
 At Michaelmas time or a little before, 
 
 Half an apple goes to the core : 
 
 At Christmas time or a little after, 
 
 A crab in the hedge and thanks to the grafter. 
 
 Wenn der Wein vor Michaeli erfriert, soil er im 
 nachsten Mai wieder erfrieren. 
 
 Sanct Michaeliswein 
 Siisser Wein, Herrenwein. 
 See also on June 25 and Oct. 16. 
 
 Entre Saint Mitcheou et Saint Frances (Oct. 4) 
 Prend ta vendoumiou taou ques, t.e., telle qu'elle 
 
 est, 
 A Saint Denys pren la si ly. Hautes Alpes. 
 
132 DAYS IN SEPTEMBER. 
 
 Der Michel keinen Tischwein schafft, 
 Wenn Felix (Jan. 14) nicht gluckhaft, 
 Wenn dieses nicht kann sein, 
 So bringt Gallus sauern Wein. Suabia. 
 
 Willst du sehen, wie das Jahr gerathen soil, 
 
 So merke folgende Lehre gar wohl : 
 
 Nimm wahr den Eichapfel um Michaelistag, 
 
 An welchem irian das Jahr erkennen mag : 
 
 Haben sie Spinnen, so folgt kein gutes Jahr ; 
 
 Haben sie Fliegen, so zeigt's ein Mitteljahr, fiir- 
 
 wahr : 
 
 Haben sie Maden, so wird das Jahr gut ; 
 1st nichts darin, so halt der Tod die Hut. 
 Sind die Eichapfel friih und sehr viel, 
 So schau, was der Winter verrichten will. 
 Mit vielem Schnee kommt er vor Weihnachten, 
 Darnach magst du grosse Kalt' betrachten. 
 Sind die Eichapfel ganz schon innerlich. 
 So folgt ein reicher schoner Sommer sicherlich : 
 Werden sie innerlich nass erfunden, 
 Thut einen nassen Sommer bekunden : 
 Sind sie mager, so wird der Sommer heiss, 
 Das sei dir gesagt mit allem Fleiss. Wurtemburg. 
 
 And we find in ' The Husbandman's Practice, or Prognosti- 
 cation for ever,' the following prognostication, almost 
 identical with the preceding : 
 
 " If thou wilt see and know how it will go that 
 year, then take heed of the Oak-apples about 
 S. Michael's day, for by them you shall know 
 how that year shall be : If the Apples of the 
 
DAYS IN SEPTEMBER. 133 
 
 Oak-trees when they be cut be within full of 
 spiders, then followeth a naughty year; if the 
 Apples have within them Flies, that betokens a 
 meetly good year ; if they have Maggots in them, 
 then followeth a good year if there be nothing 
 in them, then followeth a great Dearth; if the 
 Apples be many, and early, ripe, so shall it be 
 an early Winter, and very much snow shall be 
 afore Christmas, and after that it shall be cold : 
 if the inner part or kernel be fair and clear, then 
 shall the Summer be fair/ and Corn good also ; 
 but if they be very moist, then shall the Summer 
 also be moist ; if they be lean, then shall there 
 be a hot and dry Summer." 
 
 So many days old the moon is on Michaelmas- 
 day, so many floods after. 
 
 The Michaelmas moon 
 Rises nine nights alike soon. 
 
 The nearest moon to the autumnal equinox is called "the 
 Harvest Moon," rising nearer to the same time each 
 succeeding night, at this time of year, than it does at any 
 other. It has received its cognomen in autumn only, on 
 account probably of its use to the farmers, when pressed 
 for time with the ingathering of the harvest. 
 
 In South Germany the country people believe that the wind 
 blowing on this day from six A. M. to six P. M. prognosti- 
 cates the character of the winds for the ensuing year, each 
 hour answering to a month : e.g., the wind in March would 
 be in the quarter in which it was between eight and 
 nine A. M. 
 
134 OCTOBER. 
 
 OCTOBER. 
 
 In Lombardy the peasants always expect a few fine 
 days towards the middle of this month, which they 
 call "L'esta de Santa Teresa" i.e., St Teresa's 
 summer, because the festival of that saint falls 
 on the 1 5th; and the warm weather which we 
 so often experience at this season, is in almost 
 every European country known by the name of 
 summer. Thus the Germans call it the "Alt- 
 weiber Sommer," or the summer of St Gall (Oct. 
 1 6), or "of St Martin" (Nov. n) : the Swedes 
 give it the title of St Bridget's Summer (S. 
 Bridget's day being Oct. 8) : the Bohemians, 
 " the Summer of St Wenceslaus " (Sept. 28) ; 
 the Belgians, " St Michael's Summer : " our own 
 country people " St Luke's little Summer ; " and 
 the French, " L'&e' de Saint Denis" (Oct. 9.) 
 The Americans call it, "The Indian Summer." 
 The Friday before the ist of October is called in 
 Belgium " Koude Vrydag," cold Friday. 
 
 Cold. 
 
 Viel Frost und Schnee im Oktober deutet auf milde 
 Witterung im Winter. 
 
 Warm. 
 
 Ist der Weinmond warm und fein, 
 Kommt ein scharfer Winter hinterdrein. 
 
 Stormy. 
 
 The Poles and Bohemians, as well as the Germans, say 
 Gewitter im Oktober lassen einen unbestandigen 
 Winter envarten. 
 
OCTOBER. 135 
 
 Wind, 
 
 Good October, a good blast 
 
 To blow the hogs acorns and mast. 
 
 Thunder. 
 
 Thunder in October signifieth the same year great 
 wind, and scantiness of corn, fruits, and trees. 
 Book of Knowledge. 
 
 General. 
 
 Der Oktober muss zwolf schone Tage aufweisen, 
 wie der Marz. 
 
 If foxes bark in October, they are calling up a great 
 fall of snow. Luxemburg. 
 
 If in the fall of the leaf in October, many leaves 
 wither on the boughs and hang there, it betokens 
 a frosty winter and much snow. Shepherd's 
 Kalendar. 
 
 Exactly corresponding with which is the German proverb 
 Sitzt das Laub im Oktober noch fest auf den 
 Baumen, so deutet das auf einen strengen Winter 
 
 Dry your barley in October, 
 
 Or you'll always be sober. 
 
 Because if this is not done there will be no malt. 
 
 Quand Octobre prend sa fin 
 La Toussaint est an matin. 
 
 October and February. 
 
 Warmer Oktober bringt kalten Februar. 
 
136 DAYS IN OCTOBER. 
 
 DAYS IN OCTOBER. 
 
 1. (St Mary the Intercessor.) 
 
 On the feast of St Mary the Intercessor, expect the 
 first frosts. Russia. 
 
 2. (St Leodegarius.) 
 Fallt das Laub auf Leodegar, 
 
 50 ist der nachste ein fruchtbar Jahr. Palatinate. 
 
 4. (St Francis of Assisi.) 
 Seme le jour de Saint Francois, 
 Ton grain aura du poids. 
 
 6. (St Bruno.) 
 
 Le ble, seme' le jour de Saint Bruno, devient noir. 
 Calvados. 
 
 9. (St Denis, or Dionysius.) 
 Regarde bien auparavant 
 Et apres Saint Denis les jours, 
 Car si tu vois qu'il gele blanc 
 Les vieux assurent que toujours 
 Le semblable temps tu revois 
 Avant et apres Saint Croix. Calendrier des bons 
 
 Laboureiirs. 
 
 51 le temps est clair le jour de Saint Denis, 1'hiver 
 sera rigoureux. Cher. 
 
 Ou le vent couche a la Saint Denis, il y reste les 
 trois quarts de Fannee. 
 
 Le jour de Saint Denis 
 
 Le vent se marie a minuit. Calvados. 
 
DAYS IN OCTOBER. 137 
 
 A la Saint Denis 
 
 La bonne semerie. Eure et Loire. 
 
 14. (St Calixtus.) 
 
 If St Calixtus's day be dry and windy, the winter 
 will be wet : but if it be rainy and still, the 
 harvest will be good. Sardinia. 
 
 15. (St Theresa.) 
 L'esta de Santa Teresa 
 
 A tanti rob el fa la spesa Milan : 
 See in "October." 
 
 Per Santa Teresa 
 Prepara la tesa. Bergamo. 
 
 At this season bird- snaring begins. 
 
 16. (St Callus.) 
 Am Sanct Gallustag 
 
 Den Nachsommer man erwarten mag : 
 But in some parts of Germany they say 
 Sanct Gall en 
 Lasst den Schnee fallen : 
 
 And 
 
 Nach Sanct Gall 
 Bleibt die Kuh im Stall. 
 
 Se fa bel la festa de San Gal, 
 El & bel fina a Nadal Bergamo : 
 i.e., If it is fine on St Gall's day, it will be fine up to Christ- 
 mas. 
 
 Ein trockener Sanct Gallustag verkiindet einen 
 trockenen Sommer. 
 
138 DAYS IN OCTOBER. 
 
 De San Gal, 
 
 Goja i bo, e no fa fal. 
 
 i.e., On St Gall's day, be sure to yoke the oxen (for plough- 
 ing). 
 
 Sanct Galliwein Bauernwein : 
 See Sept. 29 and June 24. 
 
 Auf Sanct Gallitag 
 
 Muss jeder Apfel in seinen Sack. Suabia. 
 
 17. (St Cerbonius.) 
 
 Le jour de Saint Cerbonnet les pretres prennent le 
 camail et serrent le bonnet carre (because of the 
 cold). 
 
 18. (StLuke.) 
 
 Qu'on ploou per sen Luc a la sogno, 
 L'aigo es neou soubre la montagno Lozlre : 
 i.e., Lorsqu'il pleut dans le vallon le jour de Saint Luc, 
 L'eau qui tombe est neige sur la montagne. 
 
 Da San Luca 
 
 El ton va in zuca Brescia : 
 
 i.e., At St Luke's day the thunder goes into the gourds, i.e. 
 goes away. 
 
 A la Saint Lu 
 
 Seme dru 
 
 Ou ne seme plus. Picardy. 
 
 An Sanct Lucas spann die Ochsen an sei es nass 
 oder trocken. 
 
 Por San Lucas 
 
 Mata tus puercos y tapa tas cubas Spain : 
 
 i.e., At St Luke's day kill your pigs and bung up your 
 
 barrels. 
 
DAYS IN OCTOBER. 139 
 
 Da San Luca 
 
 Chi no ga semena se speluca Venetia : 
 i.e., He who has not sown by St Luke's day, tears his hair 
 (for sorrow). 
 
 St Luke's little summer. 
 
 On St Luke's day 
 The oxen may play. 
 
 Up to St Luke's day put your hands where you 
 like : after it, keep them in your pockets. 
 Servia. 
 
 21. (St Ursula.) 
 Sanct Ursula's Beginn 
 
 Zeigt auf den Winter hin. Austria. 
 
 22. (StVallier.) 
 A la Saint Vallier 
 
 La charrue sous le poirier : 
 
 La Toussaint venue 
 
 Quitte la charrue. Cakndrier des bons Labour eurs. 
 
 28. (SS. Simon and Jude.) 
 Considered by many to be the first day of winter. Thus we 
 
 find 
 
 Sanct Simon eta Juda 
 Negua eldu da Basque : 
 i.e., On SS. Simon and Jude's day winter comes in. 
 
 On SS. Simon and Jude winter approaches at a 
 gentle trot. Gallicia. 
 
 On SS. Simon and Jude the clods become hard; 
 
 Poland. 
 Simeon und Juda 
 Hangt an die Stauden Schnee. Suabia. 
 
140 DAYS IN OCTOBER. 
 
 I 
 
 Festa dies Judae prohibet te incedere nude, 
 Sed vult ut corpus vestibus omne tegas. 
 
 Festa dies Judae quum transiit atque Simonis 
 In foribus nostris esse putatur hiems Buckler : 
 And 
 
 Simonis Judae post festum vae tibi nude ! 
 
 Tune inflant genti mala gaudia veste carenti. 
 
 This day was accounted rainy by our ancestors as 
 well as St Swithin's, for in the old play of the 
 Roaring Girls occurs the following passage, " As 
 well as I know 'twill rain upon Simon and Jude's 
 day." And again, " Now a continual Simon and 
 Jude's rain beat all your feathers as flat down 
 as pancakes." And we learn from Holinshed 
 that, in 1536, when a battle was appointed to 
 have been fought upon this day, between the 
 king's troops and the rebels, in Yorkshire, so great 
 a quantity of rain fell upon the eve thereof as to 
 prevent the battle from taking place. Brand. 
 
 Simon und Juda 
 
 1st kein Regen da, 
 
 Bringt ihn erst Cacilia (November 22). Suabia. 
 
 Per San Simon 
 
 Se cascia via el ceston : 
 
 /.<?., On St Simon's day we throw the sickle away. 
 
 A la Saint Simon 
 
 line mouche vaut un pigeon. Marne. 
 
 31. 
 
 Le vent soufflera les trois quarts de Tanne'e 
 
 comme il souffle la veille de la Toussaint. 
 Somme. 
 
DAYS IN NOVEMBER. 141 
 
 NOVEMBER. 
 
 Cold. 
 
 If there's ice in November that will bear a duck, 
 There'll be nothing after but sludge and muck. 
 
 Thunder. 
 
 Thunder in November signifieth that same year to 
 be fruitful and merry, and cheapness of corn. 
 Book of Knowledge. 
 
 Quand en Novembre il a tonne 
 L'hiver est avorte. Calvados. 
 
 Donnert's im November, so giebt's in nachsten 
 Jahre viel Getreide. 
 
 General. 
 
 November, take flail, 
 
 Let ships no more sail. Tusser. 
 
 DAYS IN NOVEMBER. 
 
 1. (All Saints day.) 
 
 In some parts of Germany there is a proverb, 
 " All Saints day brings the second summer :" 
 
 While, as regards its length, they say that, 
 " All Saints summer lasts three hours, three days, 
 
 or three weeks : " 
 And in Sweden there is often about this time a continuance 
 
 of warm still weather which is called, 
 "The All Saint's rest." 
 
142 DAYS IN NOVEMBER. 
 
 In Shakespeare's 1st King Henry IV. act I, scene 2, Prince 
 Henry, likening Falstaff with his old age and young 
 passions to this November summer, thus addresses him : 
 
 " Farewell, thou latter spring ; farewell, thou All 
 Hallow'n summer." 
 
 But still, in spite of the traditional mildness of this season, 
 there are many proverbs which speak of the near approach 
 of winter. Thus 
 
 a. On All Saints day there is snow on the ground. 
 
 b. Alle Heiligen sehen sich nach dem Winter um. 
 
 c. Aller Hilgen, 
 
 Sit de Winter up den Tilgen. Holstein. 
 
 d. A Agnissanti 
 
 Manicotto e guanti Tuscany : 
 i.e., At All Saints take muff and gloves. 
 
 Se i Sant i troa '1 temp rot, lur i le giosta : 
 Ma se i le troa bu, i le disgiosta : 
 i.e., If All Saints find the weather disturbed, they settle 
 it ; but if they find it fine they unsettle it. 
 
 On All Saints day, cut off some of the bark from a 
 beech-tree, and after that, a chip or a little piece 
 of wood : cut it : if it be dry, then the ensuing 
 winter will be dry, but pretty warm and temper- 
 ate ; if moist, a wet winter Shepherd 's Kalendar : 
 With which corresponds the old German saying, 
 
 Am Allerheiligentag' geh' in den Wald, und haue 
 einen Span aus einer Birke : ist er trocken, wird 
 der Winter kalt : ist er nass, so wird er feucht. 
 
 On the first of November, if the weather hold 
 
 clear, 
 An end of wheat-sowing do make for the year. 
 
DAYS IN NOVEMBER. 143 
 
 A la Toussaint les ble's seme's 
 
 Et tous les fruits series. Enre et Loire. 
 
 All Saints and All Souls. 
 Se i Sant i le disgiosta, 
 I Mort sobet i le giosta Lombardy : 
 i.e., If All Saints unsettle the weather, All Souls set it to 
 rights again. 
 
 All Saints and Christmas. 
 
 Tel Toussaint tel Noel. Am. 
 
 Entre Toussaint et Noel ne peut trop pleuvoir ne 
 venter. 
 
 All Saints and Candlemas. 
 
 Set trees at All Hallo'ntide, and command them to 
 prosper : set them after Candlemas, and entreat 
 them to grow. 
 
 ' ' This Dr Beal allegeth as an old English and Welch proverb 
 concerning apple and pear trees, oak and hawthorn 
 quicks : though he is of Mr Reed's opinion, that it is best 
 to remove fruit-trees in the spring, rather than the winter." 
 RAY. 
 
 2. (All Souls day.) 
 If it rain on this day the Dalmatians say, 
 " The dead are weeping." 
 
 8. St Michael the Archangel (in the Calendar 
 
 of the Greek Church). 
 
 If St Michael binds (with ice), St Nicholas (Dec. 
 6) will loose. Russia. 
 
 11. (St Martin.) 
 St Martin's little summer See on Oct. i : 
 
 So we find in 1st King Henry VI., act I, scene 2, 
 " Expect St Martin's summer, halcyon days." 
 
144 DAYS IN NOVEMBER. 
 
 L'estat de San Marti 
 
 El dura tri de e'n pocheti Bergamo : 
 
 i.e., S. Martin's summer lasts three days and a bit. 
 
 II fait beau de semer son grain 
 
 Quand est beau I'e'te de la Saint Martin. Charente. 
 
 Se a San Martin el su va gib in bissacca 
 
 Vend el pan e tegn la vacca : 
 
 E se '1 va gib seren 
 
 Vend la vacca e tegnet el fen Milan : 
 
 i.e., If on St Martin's day the sun set behind clouds, sell 
 
 your bread and keep the cow : but if it set in a clear 
 
 sky, sell the cow and keep your hay. 
 
 With which may be compared, 
 Si sol clarus obit Martino, nunciat acrem 
 Atque molestam hiemem : si nubilus, aera mitem 
 Indicat hibermim : dant haec prognostica natis 
 Pastores ovium, quum seria fantur ad ignem. 
 
 Buckler. 
 
 La pleine lune a la Saint Martin donne abondance 
 de neige. Vosges. 
 
 Wenn auf Martini Nebel sind 
 So wird der Winter ganz gelind. 
 
 If the wind is in the south-west at Martinmas, it 
 remains there till after Candlemas. 
 
 Se gh'e vent a San Marti 
 Per tot Tan gh'e 'n pochi Bergamo : 
 i.e., If there is wind on St Martin's day, it may blow the 
 whole year and a bit more. 
 
 'Tween Martinmas and Yule, 
 Water's wine in every pool. Scotland. 
 
DAYS IN NOVEMBER. 145 
 
 Young and old must go clad at Martinmas. 
 
 A San Martin 
 
 Met la legna siil camin Milan : 
 
 i.e., On St Martin's day lay wood on the hearth. 
 
 At S. Martin's day 
 Winter is on his way. 
 
 Compare the French proverb, 
 Si 1'hiver va droit son chemin, 
 Vous 1'aurez a Saint Martin : 
 S'il n'arrete tant ne quant 
 
 Vous 1'aurez a la Saint Clement (November 23) : 
 Et s'il trouve quelqu 5 encombree, 
 Vous 1'aurez a la Saint Andre (November 30) : 
 Mais s'il allait ce ne say, ne 1'ay, 
 Vous 1'aurez en Avril ou Mai. Calendrier des bons 
 
 Laboureurs. 
 
 Here comes St Martin on his white horse, i.e. 
 bringing snow. Bohemia. 
 
 Wenn das Brustbein an der gebratenen Martinsgans 
 braun ist, sol es mehr Schnee als Kalte bedeuten ; 
 wenn es aber weiss ist, mehr Kalte als Schnee. 
 
 The fatted goose which is eaten in England on Michaelmas 
 day always appears at tables on the Continent at Martin- 
 mas. Stukely, Iter. vi. 131, speaking of Martinsall Hill, 
 adds in a note : " St Martin's day, in the Norway Clogs, 
 is marked with a goose : for on that day they always 
 feasted with a roasted goose : they say that St Martin, 
 being elected to a bishopric, hid himself, but was dis- 
 covered by that animal." 
 
 " The festival of St Martin occurring when geese are in high 
 season, is always celebrated with a voracity the more 
 eager, as it happens on the eve of the ' petit careme, ' 
 K 
 
146 DAYS IN NOVEMBER. 
 
 when fowls could no longer be presented on the tables of 
 a religious age. A German monk, Martin Schock, has 
 made it a case of conscience whether, even on the eve of 
 the little Lent, it be allowable to eat goose : ' An liceat 
 Martinalibus anserem comedere.' " FORSTER. (It may 
 be observed that the casuist decides in the affirmative.) 
 
 In wine countries the new wines are first tasted on this day, 
 and the memory of the Saint is celebrated with carousing. 
 Hence the proverbs, 
 
 A la Saint Martin 
 
 Bois le bon vin, 
 
 Et laisse 1'eau pour le moulin. Tarn et Garonne^ 
 
 Festum Martini propinat pocula vini. 
 
 Per San Martin, 
 
 Se spina la bote del bon vin. Milan. 
 
 Da San Martin 
 
 Se tasta '1 vin. Venetia. 
 
 A la Saint Martin 
 Faut gouter le vin : 
 Notre Dame apres 
 
 Pour boire il est pres. Calendrier des bons Labou- 
 reurs. 
 
 13. (St Homobonus.) 
 
 A Sant Omobu 
 
 Toe i strass i sa de bu. Bergamo : 
 
 i.e., At St Homobonus all rags are good for something (be- 
 cause of the cold). 
 
 23. (St Clement.) 
 L'inverna a San Clement 
 El cascia on dent : 
 i.e., On St Clement's day winter sheds a tooth (begins to 
 
 make itself felt). 
 
DAYS IN NOVEMBER. 147 
 
 Passe la Saint Clement 
 Ne seme plus froment. 
 
 25. (St Catherine.) 
 " St Catherine," say the Belgians, "by showing a bright face, 
 
 often stops the long rains of autumn. " And they have an 
 
 old song, 
 Sinte Katelyne 
 Laet het zonnyken schynen, 
 Laet den Regen overgaen, 
 Dat myn Kinderkens schole gaen. 
 Wie zal him leeren ? 
 Onze Lieven heere ! 
 Wie zal ze trouwen ? 
 Onze lieve Vrouwe ! 
 Wie zal him te eten geven ? 
 Sinte Pieter de goede man, 
 Die alle kinderen geesselen kan. 
 
 But this saint often brings snow and cold weather, as the 
 
 French proverb says, 
 Saint Catherine vient blanc habille'e. 
 
 So, too, we find, 
 
 Katharinenwinter Plackwinter : 
 i.e., St Catherine's winter is a plaguy winter. 
 
 When St Catherine comes we have to toast our 
 shins before the fire. Wallachia. 
 
 Santa Catarina 
 
 La porta el sach de la farina Milan : 
 
 i.e., St Catherine carries the flour-bag (snow.) 
 
 Per Santa Catarina 
 
 La nev a la collina Tuscany : 
 
 i.e., On St Catherine's day the snow lies on the hills. 
 
148 DAYS IN NOVEMBER. 
 
 A Sainte Catherine fais moudre ton ble. Hautes 
 Alpes. 
 
 Siinte Katherin 
 
 Smitt den ersten Sten innen Rhin ; 
 Siinte Gerderut 
 
 Tiiht 'ne wi' er herut Cologne : 
 
 i.e., Saint Catherine throws the first stone, i.e. freezes, into 
 the Rhine ; St Gertrude takes it out again. 
 
 Wie Sanct Kathrein 
 
 Wird's Neujahr sein. Austria. 
 
 A Sante Catherine, fai ta farine, 
 Sant Andre* viendra, tapara lou vala, i.e. qui arretera 
 le cours du canal. 
 
 A la Sainte Catherine 
 Tout bois prend racine. 
 
 30. (St Andrew.) 
 Andrehs 
 
 Brangk da kahle Frehs, i.e. brings the cold frosts. 
 Andreas Schnee 
 Thut dem Korn weh, 
 Er ist aber ein besserer Trost, 
 Als Regen und Blachfrost. Wurzburg. 
 
 Sunten Dresmisse 
 Es de Winter gevvisse, 
 Klasken derna 
 
 Siiht me'ne vor alien Duoren stan Westphalia : 
 i.e., On the feast of St Andrew it is winter, of a truth : after- 
 wards, on St Nicholas day, we see it before all our doors. 
 
DECEMBER. 149 
 
 A Sant Andrea ol fred 
 
 Al s'fa conoss a i let Bergamo : 
 
 i.f., On St Andrew's day we feel the cold even in bed. 
 
 Andreas hell und klar 
 Bringt ein gutes Jahr. 
 
 If on St Andrew's day in the evening, much dew 
 or wet remains on the grass, it betokens a wet 
 season to follow : if dry, the contrary. Shep- 
 herd 's Kalendar. 
 
 On St Andrew's day 
 
 The night is twice as long as the day. 
 
 Saint Andre, Andrea, 
 
 Que n'es venu, que ne venas 
 
 A Toussaint, comme el' zautes Picardy : 
 
 In Belgium, as well as in Germany and Bohemia, a singular 
 custom prevails among the country people, by which they 
 profess to be able to foretell the weather of the ensuing 
 year. On the evening before St Andrew's day, they fill 
 a glass brimful with water and let it stand all night. 
 If any of the water has run over by morning, a wet year 
 is expected, but if, on the other hand, none has escaped, 
 a dry season is considered as certain to follow. 
 
 This mode of divination was also practised by our ancestors. 
 It is mentioned in a curious old work in my possession, 
 entitled * The Husbandman's Practice, or Prognostication 
 for ever,' p._86. 
 
 DECEMBER. 
 
 Cold. 
 
 Dezember Kalt, mit Schnee, 
 Giebt Korn auf jeder Hoh'. 
 
ISO DECEMBER. 
 
 Decembre davanti te scalda e dadrio t'incende. 
 Venice. 
 
 December, gran torment, 
 
 Denanz te giazza e dedre '1 te offend Milan : 
 
 i.e., That torment December ! when he first comes, he 
 
 freezes us : and when he leaves us, he is still plaguing 
 
 us (with cold). 
 
 Thunder. 
 
 Si i tonne in Decembre 
 
 L'hiver est corrompu, i.e. manque. Nord. 
 
 Thunder in December presages fair weather. 
 
 Thunder in December signifieth that same year 
 cheapness of corn and wheat, with peace and 
 accord among the people. Book of Knowledge. 
 
 General. 
 
 December el to e nol rend Milan : 
 i.e., December takes away everything and returns nothing. 
 Because in this month much fodder is used, while. none is 
 produced. 
 
 Le mois de 1'Avent 
 
 Est de pluie et de vent. Aveyron. 
 
 December and January. 
 
 December's frost and January's flood 
 Never boded the husbandman's good. 
 
 Advent. 
 
 La neou des Abens 
 A longues ddns. Haute Garonne. 
 
 De T bruen dins ch's Avints, 
 
 Sene d' boco d' pins, i.e. pommes. Nord. 
 
DAYS IN DECEMBER. 151 
 
 Dans 1'Avent, le temps chaud 
 Remplit caves et tonneaux. Am. 
 
 Quand les Avents sont sees, Tanne'e sera abondante. 
 Vosges. 
 
 Dins 1'Avints de Noue 
 
 I'n peut trop pluvoir ni vinter. 
 
 DAYS IN DECEMBER. 
 
 2. (St Bibiana.) 
 Se '1 piov a Santa Bibiana 
 El piov quaranta di e ona setimana Milan : 
 i.e., If it rain on St Bibiana's day, it will rain for forty days 
 
 and a week. 
 
 4. (St Barbara.) 
 
 On St Barbara's day put the scythe away for the 
 winter. Lithuania. 
 
 Barbara makes bridges (of ice) ; Sara (Dec. 5) 
 sharpens the nails, and Nicolas (Dec. 6) drives 
 them in. Russia. 
 
 6. (St Nicolas.) 
 
 Si yver estoit oultre la mer si viendra il a Saint 
 Nicolas parler. 
 
 St Nicolas washes the river-banks Bohemia : 
 Because wet weather often occurs at this season. 
 
 St Nicolas in winter sends the horses to the stable; 
 St Nicolas in spring (May 9) makes them fat. 
 Russia. 
 
152 DAYS IN DECEMBER. 
 
 8. (Immaculate conception of B. V. M.) 
 Nostro Damo des Abens 
 Plexos et be'ns, i.e. pluie et vents, 
 Et bounetos sur les dens. Tarn. 
 
 11. (The fourteen Halcyon days (" Alcyonii 
 dies " in the Roman Calendar) began to-day.) 
 " The fact, on which they founded their existence, was the 
 calm weather which at this time of year on the shores 
 of the Mediterranean usually succeeds the blustering 
 winds of the end of autumn. The reason why these 
 days were called Halcyon or Alcyon requires some 
 further explanation. Alcyone was the daughter of 
 yEolus ; she was married to Ceyx, who was drowned 
 as he was going to Claros to consult the oracle. The 
 gods apprised Alcyone in a dream of her husband's fate ; 
 and when she found, on the morrow, his body washed 
 on the sea-shore, she threw herself into the sea, and was 
 with her husband changed into birds of the same name, 
 who keep the waters calm and serene, while they build 
 and sit on their nests on the surface of the sea, for the 
 space of seven, eleven, or fourteen days." FOR- 
 STER. 
 
 Non tepidi ad solem pennas in littore pandunt 
 Dilectae Thetidi alcyones. Georg., I. 339. 
 And see under " Kingfisher," in Prognostics from Birds. 
 
 13. (St Lucy.) 
 
 If St Lucy's day be bright, Christmas day will be 
 dark with snow ; but if the snow fall on St Lucy, 
 Christmas will be clear and sunny. Sardinia. 
 
 In the old Calendar this was the shortest day of the year. 
 
 Hence the proverbs, 
 Lucy Light, 
 The shortest day and the longest night. 
 
DAYS IN DECEMBER. 153 
 
 Sanct Lucen 
 
 Macht den Tag stutzen. 
 
 Santa Lucia 
 
 La note piu longa che sia Veuetia : 
 
 i.e., St Lucy has the longest night. 
 
 Santa Lucia, 
 
 II piu corto di che sia Tuscany : 
 
 i.e., St Lucy has the shortest day. 
 
 Lengthening of the day. 
 
 Siinter Luzigge 
 
 Got dai Dage to digge Westphalia : 
 
 i.e., On St Lucy's day the days begin to lengthen. 
 
 A la Sainte Luce 
 
 Le jour croist le saut d'une puce. 
 
 Da Santa Liizia a Nadal 
 
 On pas d'iin gal : 
 
 E da Nadal a Pasqueta 
 
 I giornat cressen n'oreta Bergamo : 
 
 i.e., From St Lucy to Christmas the days lengthen by a 
 
 cock's stride ; and from Christmas to Epiphany by 
 
 nearly an hour. 
 
 A Santa Liizia 
 
 El fred el pia Milan : 
 
 i.e., On St Lucy's day the cold is biting. 
 
 " On this day," says Brand, "prognostications of the months 
 were drawn for the whole year." 
 
 13-24. 
 
 The twelve days which precede Christmas are called 
 in some parts of France "jours compteurs," 
 
154 DAYS IN DECEMBER. 
 
 because they are supposed to represent, month 
 by month, the weather of the ensuing year. 
 
 21. (St Thomas.) 
 St Thomas grey, St Thomas grey, 
 The longest night and shortest day. 
 
 If it freezes on the shortest day of the year, the 
 price of corn will fall ; if it be mild weather, it 
 will go up. Belgium. 
 
 A la Saint Thomas 
 
 Les jours sont au plus bas. 
 
 In Picardy there is a proverb, referring to the lengthening of 
 the days, 
 
 Al Saint Thomas 
 Du seuf d'un cat : 
 
 Au Noe 
 Du saut d'un beaudet : 
 
 Au bon an 
 D'un pas de sergent : 
 
 Aux Rois 
 On s'en appergoit : 
 
 Al candelee (Feb. 2) 
 A toute allee. 
 
 Da San Tomio 
 
 Le zornae torna indrio Venice : 
 
 i.e., After St Thomas's day the days begin to lengthen. 
 
 Sant Tomme, 
 
 Cresce il di quanto il gallo abza un pie Tuscany : 
 i.e., On St Thomas's day the day lengthens by as much as a 
 cock raises his foot. 
 
 Look at the weathercock on St Thomas's day at 
 
DAYS IN DECEMBER. 155 
 
 1 2 o'clock, and see which way the wind is ; 
 there it will stick for the next three months. 
 
 24. (SS. Adam and Eve.) 
 
 Wie die Witterung an Adam und Eva, so bleibt sie 
 bis Ende des Monats, und auch wohl im nachsten 
 Jahr, nass oder trocken. Saxony. 
 
 25. (Christmas day.) 
 Cold. 
 
 Da Nadal, 
 Un fredo coral : 
 De la vecchia 
 
 Un fredo che se crepa Venetia : 
 i.e., At Christmas the cold is piercing : at Epiphany it is 
 perishing. 
 
 Wenn de hillige Christ en Briigge find't, so brickt 
 he se, um find't he keene, so maakt he eene 
 Holstein : 
 
 i.e., If the holy Christ finds a bridge (of ice), he breaks it; if 
 he does not find one, he makes one. 
 
 Warm. 
 
 A green Christmas makes a fat churchyard. 
 Wintert's vor Weihnachten nicht, so wintert's nach. 
 
 It is better to have the plague, than a south wind 
 on Christmas day. Servia. 
 
 Wet. 
 
 Le jour de Noel humide 
 Donne grenier et tonneau vides. Moselle. 
 
 Weihnachten nass, 
 Leere Speicher und Fass. 
 
156 DAYS IN DECEMBER. 
 
 Bright Sun. 
 
 " If the sun shines clear and bright on Christmas 
 day, it promises a peaceful year, free from 
 clamours and strife, and foretells much plenty 
 to ensue ; but if the wind blow stormy towards 
 sunset, it betokens sickness in the spring and 
 autumn quarters." Shepherd's Kalendar. 
 
 If the sun shines through the apple-trees on Christ- 
 mas day, there will be an abundant crop the 
 following year. 
 
 Moon. 
 
 " When Christmas day cometh while the moon 
 waxeth, it shall be a very good year, and the 
 nearer it cometh to the new moon, the better 
 shall that year be. If it cometh when the 
 moon decreaseth, it shall be a hard year, and 
 the nearer the latter end thereof it cometh, the 
 worse and harder shall the year be." Husband- 
 man 's Practice. 
 
 " Le jour de Noel, si la lune luit pour aller a la 
 messe de minuit et pour en revenir, il y aura 
 pleine annee de pommes; si elle n'e'claire que 
 pour aller ou revenir, il y aura seulement demi- 
 annee ; il n'y aura rien si elle n'eclaire pas du 
 tout." Manche. 
 
 Cum Luna crescente redit natalis Jesu, 
 Annus consequitur fertilitate bonus ; 
 
 Sin redit ut minui patitur sibi cornua Luna, 
 Anno sunt mala non pauca ferenda novo. 
 
DAYS IN DECEMBER. 157 
 
 Finstere heilige Nacht, lichte Heustadl : mond- 
 lichte heilige Nacht, dunkle Heustadl. Tyrol 
 
 1st die Christnacht hell und klar 
 Folgt ein hochst gesegnet Jahr. 
 
 God forbid that Christmas should be bright, and 
 S. George's night be dark. Servia. 
 
 A dark Christmas foretells that cows will give much 
 milk: a bright Christmas, that hens will lay 
 well. Russia ; Bohemia. 
 
 Weihnachten klar, 
 Gutes Weinjahr. 
 
 Noel sans lune 
 
 De cent brebis il n'en restera pas une. 
 
 But on the other hand, 
 A black Christmas, a heavy sheaf. 
 
 And 
 
 Quan Nadaou es a 1'escuragno 
 Forgo blat a la campagno : 
 Quan Nadaou ds a la claretat 
 Forgo garbo, paou de blat. 
 
 i.e., Quand Noel est dans Tobscurite 
 Beaucoup de ble dans les champs : 
 Quand Noel est e'claire 
 Beaucoup de paille et peu de ble. 
 
 General Prognostics. 
 
 Si pour la Noel a ton souper, 
 
 Le bout de la chandelle n'a pas courbe, 
 
 II y aura maigre recolte en ble. Vaucluse. 
 
 "The wise and cunning masters in astrology have found, that 
 
158 DAYS IN DECEMBER. 
 
 men may see and mark the weather of the holy Christ- 
 mas night, how the whole year after shall be in his work- 
 ing and doing, and they shall speak on this wise : 
 
 " When on the Christmas night and evening it is 
 very fair and clear weather, and is without wind 
 and rain, then it is a token that this year will be 
 plenty of wine and fruite. 
 
 " But if the contrariwise, foul weather and windy, 
 so shall it be very scant of wine and fruite. 
 
 " But if the wind arise at the rising of the sun, then 
 it betokeneth great dearth among beasts and 
 cattle this year. 
 
 " But if the wind arise at the going down of the 
 same, then it signifieth death to come among 
 kings and other great lords." Husbandman's 
 Practice. 
 
 Christmas to Epiphany. 
 
 If it rain much during the twelve days after Christ- 
 mas, it will be a wet year. 
 
 Wenn's von Weihnacht bis heilige drei Konige 
 neblig und dunkel ist, werden viel Krankheiten 
 im Jahre sein. Rhine. 
 
 11 When on Christmas even at midnight, the wind 
 waxeth still, it betokeneth a fruitful year ; when 
 on the twelfth day afore day, it is somewhat 
 windy, that betokeneth great plenty of oil. 
 
 " When the sun on the twelfth day in the morning 
 doth shine, that betokeneth foul weather. In 
 the beginning it is never steadfast weather, for 
 the months go all one through another the same 
 day. If it be fair weather that day, it is happy 
 
DAYS IN DECEMBER. 159 
 
 and fortunate. The sixth day after the first day, is 
 the last day, so that the first is last, and that in 
 the six days every day leaveth behind him two 
 months. 
 
 " Also that the second day leaveth February afore 
 noon, and January at the afternoon, and so forth 
 do all the other days." Husbandman 's Practice. 
 
 The interval between Christmas and Epiphany, comprising 
 twelve days, is called in some parts of France e.g., in 
 the department of Haute Saone " Les jours des lots." 
 During these twelve days the following steps are taken 
 to ascertain the weather of the coming year : 
 
 On Christmas day, twelve onions, each with a 
 pinch of salt on the top, are placed in a row : 
 the first in order, beginning on the left, repre- 
 senting the month of January, the second the 
 month of February, and so on. 
 
 On the Feast of Epiphany, which is the second of 
 the "jours des lots," the onions are examined. 
 If the salt on any one has melted, the month 
 with which it corresponds will be wet : where 
 the salt still remains, that month will be dry. 
 
 Les douze jours entre Noel et les Rois 
 Indiquent le temps des douze mois de 1'annee. 
 
 On the first day of the Lord's birth festivals, if the 
 sun shine, there shall be much joy among men 
 and abundance. 
 
 If the sun shines on the second day, then gold 
 shall be easy to get among the English. 
 
 If the sun shines on the third day, then shall be a 
 
160 DAYS IN DECEMBER. 
 
 great fight among poor men, and abundant peace 
 between kings and powerful men. 
 If the sun shines on the fourth day, then the camels 
 shall bear off much gold from the emmets which 
 should guard the hoard of gold. (See Herodotus, 
 
 III. 102.) 
 
 If the sun shines on the fifth day, then shall be a 
 
 great bloom of fruit that year. 
 If the sun shines on the sixth day, the Lord shall 
 
 send much milk. 
 If the sun shines on the seventh day, then will be 
 
 a good crop on trees. 
 If the sun shines on the eighth day, then quicksilver 
 
 shall be easy to get. 
 If the sun shines on the ninth day, then God shall 
 
 send a great baptism that year. 
 If the sun shines on the tenth day, then shall the 
 
 sea and all rivers be well supplied with fish. 
 If the sun shines on the eleventh day, then shall 
 
 be a great trial of death among men. 
 If the sun shines on the twelfth day, men shall 
 
 be weak, and there shall be much quiet on 
 
 earth. 
 
 The above prognostications are from a MSS. Bib. Bodl., 
 MS. Junius 23, fol. 148, A.D. 1120 ; quoted in *Leech- 
 doms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England : ' 
 edited by the Rev. O. Cockayne; and published under 
 direction of the Master of the Rolls. 
 
 Christmas and Epiphany. 
 Da Nadal, 
 Un fredo coral, 
 
DAYS IN DECEMBER. l6l 
 
 De la veccia, 
 
 Un fredo che se erepa Venice : 
 i.e., At Christmas the cold is heart-piercing : at Epiphany- 
 tide it is perishing. 
 The Bergamese say, 
 A nadal 
 El fred fa mal, 
 A la Ecia 
 L'e 'n fred che sa crepa. 
 
 Christmas and Candlemas. 
 
 Entre Noel et la Chandeleur, 
 
 II vaut mieux voir un loup aux champs 
 
 Qu'un carton (knave) laboureur. Nord. 
 
 A windy Christmas and a calm Candlemas are 
 signs of a good year. 
 
 Christmas and Carnival. 
 
 Nadal nebius Carneal arius. 
 
 i.e., A cloudy Christmas a fine Carnival. 
 
 Christmas and Easter. 
 
 In weather-lore Christmas and Easter are almost inseparably 
 
 connected. Thus, 
 A warm Christmas a cold Easter. 
 
 A green Christmas a white Easter. 
 Sua, eguberris sump'urrequi ; 
 Pascos, aldis adarrequi Basque : 
 i.e., We must make up our fires at Christmas with logs, and 
 at Easter with branches.) 
 
 Grime Weihnacht weisse Ostern. 
 
 Weihnacht im Klee, 
 Ostern im Schnee. 
 
 L 
 
1 62 DAYS IN DECEMBER. 
 
 Chresdag an der Diihr, 
 Ostern dm et Fur. 
 
 A Noel au balcon, 
 A Paques au tison. 
 
 A Noel les moucherons, 
 A Paques les glac,ons. 
 
 General Proverbs respecting Christmas. 
 
 Fina a Nadal ne fred ne fara : 
 De Nadal in la, 
 Fred e fam i se ne va : 
 
 i.e., Up to Christmas, neither cold nor hunger : after Christ- 
 mas, cold, hunger, and snow. 
 
 Up to Christmas, it is " Kraljewitsch Marko !" i.e. 
 
 song and dance. 
 
 After Christmas, it is " Alas, my mother ! " i.e. 
 weeping and sorrow. Herzegovina. 
 
 Apres grant joie vient grant ire (colere), 
 Et apres Noel vent bise. 
 
 Christmas day falling on the different days of 
 the week. 
 
 Quando Natale vien di Dominica, 
 Vendi la tonica per comprar la melica Tuscany : 
 i.e., When Christmas day falls on a Sunday, sell your coat 
 and buy maize (because the year will be unfruitful). 
 
 Si Noue toumbo un luns (lundi) 
 Qui a dous bous n'en tue'ni un ; 
 Si Noue es sen luno, 
 
 Qui a dous fies (brebis) n'en tueni uno. Hautes 
 Alpes. 
 
DAYS IN DECEMBER. 163 
 
 Noel le jeudi c'est la famine. Gers. 
 
 The following very curious early poem (MS. Harl. 2252, 
 
 fol. 154) is given in Brand, i. 478 : 
 " Lordynges, I warne you ale beforne, 
 
 Yef that day that Cryste was borne 
 
 Falle uppon a Sunday, 
 
 That winter shalbe good, par fay, 
 
 But grete windes alofte shalbe, 
 
 The somer shalbe fayre and drye ; 
 
 By kynde skylle, wythowtyn lesse, 
 
 Throw all londes shalbe peas, 
 
 And good tyme all thynges to don 
 
 But he that stelythe, he shalbe fownde sone : 
 
 Whate chylde that day borne be, 
 
 A grete lorde he shalle ge, &c. 
 
 Yf Crystemas day on Monday be, 
 
 A grete wynter that year have shall ye, 
 
 And fulle of wyndes, lowde and stylle, 
 
 But the somer, trewly to telle, 
 
 Shalbe sterne wyndes also, 
 
 And fulle of tempeste all thereto ; 
 
 All batayle multiplye, 
 
 And grete plenty of beeve shall dye. 
 
 They that be borne that daye, I weene, 
 
 They shalbe stronge eche on and kene 
 
 And he that stelythe owghte : 
 
 Thow thowe be seke, thou dyeste not. 
 
 Yf Crystmas day on Tuysday be, 
 That year shall dyen wemen plente 
 And that wynter wex greter marvaylys : 
 Shyppys shalbe in grete perylles ; 
 
1 64 DAYS IN DECEMBER. 
 
 That yere shall kynges and lordes be slayne, 
 
 And myche hothyr pepylle agayn heym. 
 
 A drye somer that yere shalbe ; 
 
 Alle that be borne there in may se, 
 
 They shalbe stronge and covethowse. 
 
 If thou stele awghte, thou lesyste the lyfe, 
 
 Thou shalte dye throwe swerde or knyfe ; 
 
 But and thow fall seke, sertayne, 
 
 Thou shalte turne to lyfe agayne. 
 
 Yf Crystmas day, the sothe to say, 
 
 Fall uppon a Wodnysday, 
 
 That yere shalbe an harde wynter and strong, 
 
 And many hydeus wyndes amonge : 
 
 The somer mery and good shalbe, 
 
 That year shalbe wete grete plente : 
 
 Young folke shall dye that year also, 
 
 And shyppes in the see shall have grete woo. 
 
 What childe that daye borne ys, 
 
 He shalbe dowghte and lyghte i-wysse, 
 
 And wyse and slyee also of dede, 
 
 And fynde many men mete and wede. 
 
 Yf Crystmas day on Thursday be, 
 
 A wyndy wynter see shalle yee, 
 
 Of wyndes and weders all weked. 
 
 And harde tempestes stronge and thycke. 
 
 The somer shalbe good and drye, 
 
 Cornys and bestes shall multiplye, 
 
 That yere ys good londes to tylthe, 
 
 And kynges and prynces shall dye by skylle : 
 
 What chylde that day borne bee, 
 
 Hee shalle have happe ryghte well to the, 
 
DAYS IN DECEMBER. 165 
 
 Of dedes hee shalbe goode and stabylle, 
 Of speche and tonge wyse and reasonabylle : 
 Who so that day ony thefte abowte, 
 He shalbe shente wyth-owtyn dowte : 
 And yf sekenes on the that day betyde, 
 Hyt shall sone fro the glyde. 
 Yf Crystmas day on the Fryday be, 
 The fyrste of wynter harde shalbe, 
 With froste and snowe, and with flode, 
 But the laste ende thereof ys goode. 
 Agayn, the somer shalbe good also, 
 Folkes in hyr yere shall have grete woo : 
 Wemen wyth chyld, bestes wyth corne, 
 Shall multiplye, and none be borne : 
 The chylde that ys borne that daye, 
 Shall longe lyve and lecherowus be aye : 
 Who so stelythe awghte, he shalbe fownde, 
 And thow be seke, hyt lastythe not longe. 
 Yf Crystmas on the Saterday falle, 
 That wynter ys to be dredden alle, 
 Hyt shalbe so full of grete tempeste, 
 That hyt shall sle bothe man and beste, 
 Frute and corne shall fayle grete won, 
 And olde folke dyen many on : 
 Whate woman that day of chylde travayle, 
 They shalbe borne in grete perelle ; 
 And chyldren that be borne that day, 
 Within halfe a yere they shall dye, par fay ; 
 The somer then shall wete ryghte ylle : 
 If thou awghte stele, hyt shal the spylle : 
 Thou dyest yf sekenes take the." 
 
1 66 DAYS IN DECEMBER. 
 
 Prognostications of the same character are to be found in 
 'The Book of Knowledge,' p. 2; and 'The Husband- 
 man's Practice,' p. 78. 
 
 26. (St Stephen.) 
 
 Blast der Wind am Stephanitag recht, 
 
 Wird der Wein auf s Jahr schlecht. Swabia. 
 
 27. (St John the Evangelist.) 
 
 1st der Johannistag dunkel, so folgt ein gutes 
 
 Jahr. 
 
 A la Saint Jean 
 Renouvelle 1'an. 
 
 28. (Innocents Day.) 
 
 If it be lowering or wet on Childermas Day, it 
 threatens scarcity and mortality among the 
 weaker sort of young people ; but if the day be 
 very fair, it promises plenty. Shepherd's Kalen- 
 dar. 
 
 30. (St David.) 
 
 In Belgium it is believed that a branch of elder, 
 placed in a jug of water on this day, will foretell 
 the weather of the ensuing summer and autumn. 
 
 If the buds "develop themselves and open freely, the 
 summer will be fruitful ; if the contrary happens, 
 a bad harvest is expected. 
 
 31. (St Silvester.) 
 
 Silvester Wind, friih Sonnenschein 
 Bringt selten einen guten Wein. 
 
 Le vent qui souffle a Tissue de la messe de minuit 
 sera le vent dominant de I'anne'e. Vosges. 
 
WEATHER AND AGRICULTURAL RULES. 1 67 
 
 If New Year's Eve night wind blows south, 
 
 It betokeneth warmth and growth : 
 
 If west, much milk, and fish in the sea : 
 
 If north, much cold and storms there'll be : 
 
 If east, the trees will bear much fruit ; 
 
 If north-east, flee it man and brute Scotland: 
 
 "The Highlanders," says Pennant, Tour in Scotland, 1772, 
 Part II., p. 48, "form a sort of almanac, or presage of 
 the weather of the ensuing year, in the following manner : 
 They make observations on twelve days, beginning at the 
 last of December ; and hold as an infallible rule, that 
 whatsoever weather happens on each of those days, the 
 same will prove to agree on the corresponding months. 
 Thus, January is to answer to the weather of December 
 3 ist, February to that of January the ist, and so with the 
 rest. " 
 
 (See also on January the 2cl, January the 25th, and Christ- 
 mas Day.) 
 
 " If any wood be cut off in the last day of Decem- 
 ber, and on the first of January, it shall not rot 
 nor wither away, nor be full of worms, but always 
 wear harder, and in his age as hard as a stone." 
 Husbandman's Practice. 
 
 WEATHER AND AGRICULTURAL RULES, 
 
 RELATING TO DAYS THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. 
 
 Sae Korn Egidii, Hafer Gerste Benedicti, 
 
 Fur Flachs und Hanf, Urbani : Wicken, Ruben, 
 
 Kiliani : 
 
 Viti, Kraut : Erbsen, Gregori : 
 Linsen, Philippi Jacobi : 
 
168 WEATHER AND AGRICULTURAL RULES. 
 
 Abdon und Senesi mache Ernt', 
 
 Denk' an Salzfleisch an Lambert. 
 
 Mach' Wiirst' um Martini, 
 
 Brat' Cans' an Oswaldi ; 
 
 Kauf Kase und grab' Ruben Vicula Petri : 
 
 Schneid' Kraut Simonis und Judai : 
 
 Fang' Wachteln Bartolomai : 
 
 Simonis und Juda 
 
 Voe tibi endi ! 
 
 Heiz' warm Natali Domini. 
 
 Iss Lammsbraten Blasi, 
 
 Giiten Haring " Oculi mei." 
 
 Trink Wein circulum anni, 
 
 So kannst abgehen tempore anni Snabia : 
 
 i.e., Sow corn on St Giles (Sept. i), oats and barley on S. 
 Benedict (March 21), flax and hemp on S. Urban (May 
 25), vetches and rape on S. Kilian (July 8). On S. 
 Vitus (June 15) cabbage, on S. Gregory (March 12) 
 peas, lentils on SS. Philip and James (May i). On SS. 
 Abdon and Senesis (July 30) begin harvest ; remember 
 to put meat in pickle on S. Lambert (Sept. 17). Make 
 sausages on S. Martin (Nov. u), roast geese on S. Oswald 
 (Oct. 15), buy cheese and dig turnips at Lammas (Aug. 
 i), cut cabbage on SS. Simon and Jude (Oct. 28), catch 
 quails on S. Bartholomew (Aug. 24). On SS. Simon 
 and Jude, woe to you if badly clad ! Keep warm at 
 Christmas. Eat roast lamb on S. Blasius (Feb. 3), and 
 herrings on "Oculi mei" (the third Sunday in Lent). 
 Drink wine all the year round, and thus you will be 
 ready to die at any time. 
 
DAYS OF THE WEEK. 169 
 
 PROVERBS RELATING TO DAYS OF 
 THE WEEK. 
 
 Sunday. 
 
 If it rains on the Sunday before mess (mass), 
 It will rain all the week, more or less. Fifeshire. 
 Compare the French proverbs, 
 
 a. Du Dimanche au matin la pluie 
 Bien souvent la semaine ennuie. 
 
 b. Quand il pleut le Dimanche entre deux messes, 
 il pleut toute la semaine. 
 
 And the German, 
 
 c. Regnet's Sonntag iiber das Messbuch, 
 
 So hat man die ganze Woch' genug. Eifel. 
 
 d. Es ist kein Sonntag so keck, 
 
 Dass er die Sonn' den ganzen Tag versteck'. 
 Tyrol. 
 
 e. Wenn's regnet auf den Kirchenpfad, ist's die 
 ganze Woche nass. 
 
 /. Wenn's an einem Sonntag regnet, an dem ein 
 griines Messkleid getragen wird, so regnet's neun 
 Sonntage hintereinander Tyrol : 
 
 This is equivalent to saying that most Sundays in the year 
 will be wet, as green is generally used throughout the 
 Western Church as the ferial and Sunday colour out of 
 Advent, Septuagesima, and Lent. 
 
 Monday. 
 
 Rauher Monntag glatter Woche. 
 
 So the French say, 
 Vilain Lundi, belle semaine. Manche. 
 
I/O PAYS OF THE WEEK. 
 
 Montag's Wetter wird nicht Wochenalt. Bruns- 
 wick. 
 
 Montag's Wetter bis Mittag 1st Wochenwetter bis 
 Freitag. 
 
 Thursday. 
 
 Quando 1 sol va in saco de Zioba, 
 Avanti Domenega o vento o piova Venetia : 
 i.e., When on Thursday the sun sets in a sack (behind clouds), 
 there will be rain or wind before Sunday. 
 
 Friday. 
 
 Vendredi aimerait mieux causer 
 
 Qu'a son voisin ressembler. Haute Saone. 
 
 Because it is supposed to differ from the weather of the rest 
 
 of the week. So too they say in Westphalia, 
 Freitag hat sein apartes Wetter. 
 
 Die ganze Woche wunderlich, 
 Des Freitags ganz absunderlich. 
 
 Wenn's am Freitag regnet, regnet's erne ganze 
 Woche. Tyrol 
 
 S'il pleut le Vendredi 
 
 Jamais la terre trop ne se ramollit. Haute Saone. 
 
 Vendredi de la semaine est 
 
 Le plus beau ou le plus laid. Haute Loire. 
 
 Friday and Saturday. 
 
 Freitags wunderlich, 
 Samstags absunderlich. Eifel. 
 
 Friday and Sunday. 
 
 A rainy Friday a rainy Sunday : 
 A fair Friday a fair Sunday. 
 
DAYS OF THE WEEK. i;i 
 
 So the French say, 
 Quel est Vendredi tel Dimanche. 
 
 And the Germans, 
 Freitagswetter Sonntagswetter. 
 
 Saturday. 
 
 The sun is supposed always to shine on Saturday (if not 
 throughout the day, at least during some portion of it) in 
 honour of the Virgin Mary, to whom this day is specially 
 dedicated. Thus in the Eifel they say, 
 
 Es 1st kein Samstag so triib', 
 
 Die Sonn' scheint der Mutter Gottes zulieb. 
 
 En hiver, comme en ete, 
 
 Jamais Samedi ne s'est passe, 
 
 Que le soleil n'y ait mis son nez. Haute Saone. 
 
 Le soleil par excellence 
 
 Au Samedi fait sa reverence. Calendrier des bons 
 
 Laboureurs. 
 
 II n'y a pas de Samedi sans soleil, 
 Ni de vielle sans conseil. Aveyron. 
 Ni Sabado sin sol, ni moza sin amor Spain : 
 i.e., No Saturday without sun, no girl without love. 
 
 Saturday and Sunday. 
 
 Soterdag natt vom Werken, 
 Un Sundag natt ut der Kerken, 
 Bediit eine reinke Weke Lippe : 
 i.e., If on Saturday it is too wet to work, and on Sunday too 
 wet to go to church, the week will be rainy. 
 
 Samstag in der Vesper tmd Sonntags in der Messe 
 ist das Wochenwetter gewiss Munster : 
 
 i.e., The weather during vespers on Saturday, and during 
 mass, i.e., early in the morning, on Sunday, foretells the 
 weather of the whole week. 
 
PART II 
 
PART II. 
 
 PROVERBS RELATING TO THE SUN. 
 
 Sol quoque et exoriens, et quum se condit in undas, 
 Signa dabit ; solem certissima signa sequuntur, 
 Et quae mane refert, et quas surgentibus astris. 
 Georgian, lib. I. 438-40. 
 
 Sunrise Bed. 
 
 If red the sun begins his race, 
 Be sure the rain will fall apace. 
 
 " A red morn, that ever yet betokened 
 Wreck to the seamen, tempest to the field, 
 Sorrow to shepherds, woe unto the birds, 
 Gust and foul flaws to herdsmen and to herds." 
 Shakespeare : Venus and Adonis. 
 
 Ross de matina, aquavisina Milan: 
 i.e., If the morn be red, rain is at hand. 
 
 Ross a la diana, aqua in la setimana Bergamo : 
 i.e., If the sky be red when the morning-star is shining, there 
 will be rain during the week. 
 
 Morgenroth Abendkoth. Tyrol. 
 
PROVERBS RELATING TO THE SUN. 
 
 Morgenroth 
 
 Mit Regen droht. 
 
 Temps rouge au matin 
 Met la pluie en chemin. 
 
 Roujhe' de mati 
 
 Bagno soun versi Card: 
 
 *'.<?., A red morning wets the neighbour. 
 
 Aube rouge, vent ou pluie : 
 
 Exactly corresponding with the Italian saying, 
 Alba rossa o vent o gossa : 
 
 And the Spanish, 
 
 Aurora rubia, o viento o lluvia. 
 Rouge le matin 
 Fait tourner le moulin. Vosges. 
 
 Cloudy. 
 
 Hie ubi nascentem rnaculis variaverit ortunT 
 Conditus in nubem, medioque refugerit orbe : 
 Suspecti tibi sint imbres ; namque urget ab alto 
 Arboribusque satisque notus pecorique sinister. 
 Aut ubi sub lucem densa inter nubila sese 
 Diversi rumpent radii, aut ubi pallida surget 
 Tithoni croceum linquens Aurora cubile ; 
 Heu male turn mites defendet pampinus uvas 
 Tarn multa in tectis crepitans salit horrida grando. 
 Georgicon, lib. I. 441-49. 
 
 Grauer Morgen schoner Tag. 
 
 Matinee obscure journee sure. Drome. 
 
 Rother and brauner Morgen 
 
 1st des Wandrers Wunsch und Sorgen. 
 
PROVERBS RELATING TO THE SUN. 177 
 
 Sunrise Clear. 
 
 Se '1 sol va a monte a ciel seren 
 El bon tempo se mantien Venice : 
 i.e., If the sky be clear and bright at sunrise we shall have 
 fine weather. 
 
 Nigoi ciar de matina 
 
 Bel temp se incamina Bergamo : 
 
 i.e., If the clouds are clear in the morning, fine weather is 
 
 setting in. But the Spaniards say, 
 Sol madruguero 
 No dura dia entero : 
 i.e., The sun, rising bright and clear, does not remain so 
 
 throughout the day, 
 
 Sunset Ked. 
 
 Hoc etiam, emenso quum jam decedet Olympo, 
 Profuerit meminisse magis ; nam saepe videmus 
 Ipsius in vultu varios errare colores ; 
 Caeruleus pluviam denuntiat, igneus euros. 
 Sin maculae incipient rutilo immiscerier igni, 
 Omnia tune pariter vento nimbisque videbis 
 Fervere : non ilia quisquam me nocte per altum 
 Ire, neque a terra moneat convellere funem. 
 
 Georgicon, lib. I. 450-57. 
 Ross de sera, bel temp se spera. Milan. 
 Abendroth Gutwetterbrot. 
 Le ciel rouge le soir, 
 
 Le lendemain beau se fait voir. Pyrenees. 
 Au coucher du soleil, si les nuages sont rouges au 
 
 levant, 
 
 Pour le lendemain c'estbeau temps. Eure et Loir. 
 Le ciel rouge au soleil couchant 
 Annonce la pluie ou le vent. 
 
 M 
 
1^8 PROVERBS RELATING TO THE SUN. 
 
 Quind a ch' solau couque 
 
 L' timps est couleur ed' feu, 
 
 Chest du vin (vent) pour rindemain. Nord. 
 
 Le temps cuivreux au couchant 
 Annonce de la pluie surement. Vosges. 
 
 Cloudy. 
 
 When the sun sets in a bank 
 
 A westerly wind we shall not lack. 
 
 Quan lou soureil se coutcho dam b'un capet, 
 Anoungo qud lendouman sera pas bet Garonne: 
 i.e., When the sun sets with a hat on (in clouds), that fore- 
 tells wet weather for the morrow. 
 
 Pale. 
 
 If the sun goes pale to bed, 
 'Twill rain to-morrow, it is said. 
 
 Bright. 
 
 When the sun sets bright and clear 
 An easterly wind you need not fear. 
 
 Wet. 
 
 " The sun sets weeping in the lowly west, 
 Witnessing storms to come, woe and unrest." 
 Richard //., act ii. sc. iv. 
 
 At si, quum referetque diem condetque relatum, 
 Lucidus orbis erit ; frustra terrebere nimbis, 
 Et claro silvas cernes aquilone moveri. Georgicon, 
 lib. I. 458-60. 
 
 " When it is evening, ye say, It will be fair weather, 
 for the sky is red ; and in the morning, It will be 
 
PROVERBS RELATING TO THE SUN. 179 
 
 foul weather to-day, for the sky is red and lowr- 
 ing." S. Matt. xvi. 2, 3. 
 
 Sky red in the morning 
 Is a sailor's sure warning 
 Sky red at night 
 Is the sailor's delight. 
 
 Sero rubens caelum eras indicat esse serenum : 
 At si mane rubet venturos indicat imbres. 
 
 Gois gorriac, dakarke vri, 
 
 Arrats gorriac, eguraldi Basque: 
 
 i.e., A red morning foretells rain ; a red evening, fine weather. 
 
 When in the morning the clouds are red on the side of 
 Navarre, the Basques say, 
 
 Gox gorri de Navarra 
 
 Remojar te ha la gamarra : 
 
 i.e., A red morning over Navarre will wet us ; but when in 
 
 the evening the clouds are red on the side of Castille, 
 
 they say, 
 
 Arras gorri de Castilla 
 
 Calentar te ha la costilla : 
 
 i.e., A red evening over Castille will warm our sides. 
 
 Rouge le matin 
 
 C'est de la pluie pour le voisin: 
 
 Rouge du couchant 
 
 Promet beau temps. Morbihan. 
 
 Rouge de soir, 
 
 Bon espoir: 
 
 Rouge du matin 
 
 Trompe le voisin. Basses Alpes. 
 
I So PROVERBS RELATING TO THE SUN. 
 
 Les rougeurs du matin 
 Font tourner le moulin : 
 Les rougeurs du soir 
 Font secher les toits.fura. 
 
 Rougie du matin fait pleurer le pelerin : 
 Rougie du soir fait tarir la mer. Saone et Loire, 
 
 Abends roth ist Morgens gut, 
 Morgens roth thut selten gut. EifeL 
 
 Abendroth 
 
 Gut Wetter bot : 
 
 Morgenroth 
 
 Bringt Wind und Koth. 
 
 And so the Venetians say, 
 Nuvola rossa a sera, 
 Bon tempo se spera: 
 Nuvola rossa a matina 
 O vento o piovesina. 
 
 Abendroth ist got (gut), 
 
 Man Morgenroth gift Water in'n Slot (ditch). 
 Westphalia. 
 
 A red sunset and a red sunrise are not the same 
 thing. Denmark. 
 
 A red sunset says, Get your horse ready : 
 A red sunrise says, Bring him out of the field. 
 Malta. 
 
 But the Bohemians say, 
 
 A red sunrise betokens a fine day: a red sunset, 
 rain. 
 
PROVERBS RELATING TO THE SUN. l8l 
 
 Evening grey and morning red, 
 Make the shepherd hang his head : 
 
 Or, 
 
 Evening red and morning grey, 
 Help the traveller on his way : 
 Evening grey and morning red, 
 Bring down rain upon his head. 
 
 Evening red and morning grey, 
 Two sure signs of a fine day. 
 
 If the evening is red and the morning grey, 
 
 It is the sign of a bonnie day : 
 
 If the evening's grey and the morning red, 
 
 The lamb and the ewe will go wet to bed. 
 
 Yarrow. 
 
 Rouge soiree et grise matinee 
 Sont signes de belle journee. Cote d* Or. 
 
 Rouge le soir, blanc le matin 
 
 C'est la journee du pelerin: 
 
 Blanc le soir, rouge le matin 
 
 Fait tourner la roue du moulin. Ardennes. 
 
 Rosso de sera, 
 
 Bon tempo se spera : 
 
 Bianco de matina, 
 
 Bon tempo se incamina. Venice. 
 
 Der Morgen grau, der Abend roth, 
 1st ein guter Wetterbot' : 
 Der Abend roth, der Morgen grau, 
 Bringt das schonste Tages blau. 
 
 Roth Abend- und weisse Morgenroth' 
 Macht, dass der Wand'rer freudig geht. 
 
1 82 PROVERBS RELATING TO THE MOON. 
 
 Sera rosa e nigro matino 
 Allegra il pellegrino. 
 
 PROVERBS RELATING TO THE MOON. 
 
 Will das Wetter durchaus nicht stehen, 
 Wird's am Neu oder Vollmond geschehen. 
 
 Le laboureur lunier (who believes in the influence 
 
 of the moon) 
 
 Ne remplit pas son grenier. Haute Loire. 
 Qui lunatte 
 Folatte. Ain. 
 
 New Moon. 
 
 A new moon soon seen is long thought of. 
 
 " My lord, doe you see this change i' the moone ? 
 Sharp homes doe threaten windy weather. "- 
 
 Decker's Match Mee in London, act i. Lond., 
 
 1631, 4to. 
 
 The Germans say, however, 
 Wenn die Mondhorner zwischen Neumond und 
 
 ersten Viertel klar spitz und deutlich erscheinen, 
 
 deutet's auf gutes Wetter : erscheinen sie triib' 
 
 und stumpf, hat man schlechtes veranderliches 
 
 Wetter zu erwarten. 
 
 When the new moon is in such a part of the ecliptic as to 
 appear turned much over upon her back, wet weather is 
 expected : thus, 
 
 The bonny moon is on her back, 
 
 Mend your shoon and sort your thack. Scotland. 
 
 To see the old moon in the arms of the new one, 
 
PROVERBS RELATING TO THE MOON. 183 
 
 is reckoned a sign of fine weather ; and so is the 
 turning up of the horns of the new moon. 
 In this position it is supposed to retain the water which is 
 imagined to be in it. SUFFOLK. 
 
 II fait beau temps quand les comes de la lune sont 
 en haut, mauvais temps lorsqu'elles sont en bas. 
 Gcrs. 
 
 Lune quillarde (with its horns upwards) 
 
 Terre bagnarde : 
 
 Lune pendante 
 
 Terre fendante. Lot et Garonne. 
 
 Si les cornes de la lune sont tournees vers la mer, 
 il y aura des debordements dans Tannee. 
 Gers. 
 
 Gbba a ponent, lima cressent, 
 
 Goba a levant, liina calant Milan : 
 
 i. e. , When the convex side of the moon is towards the west, 
 
 the moon is on the increase ; when it is towards the east, 
 
 she is on the wane. 
 
 Observe de la lune 
 
 Les cent heures premieres : 
 
 S'il ne pleut pas dans aucune, 
 
 Belle sera la lune entiere. Cote (TOr. 
 
 Nouvelle lune par le beau 
 
 Au bout de trois jours donne de 1'eau : 
 
 Quand la lune prend dans Peau, 
 
 Le troisieme jour il fait beau. Meurthe. 
 
 (Misty.) 
 
 Les brouillards en lune jeune sontun signe de beau 
 temps. 
 
1 84 PROVERBS RELATING TO THE MOON. 
 
 An old moon in a mist 
 Is worth gold in a kist : 
 But a new moon's mist 
 Will never lack thirst. 
 
 Another version is, 
 Auld moon mist 
 Ne'er died of thirst. 
 
 Luna revertentes quum primum colligit ignes, 
 Si nigrum obscuro comprenderit aera cornu, 
 Maximus agricolis pelagoque parabitur imber. 
 Georgian, lib. I., 427-29. 
 
 (Windy.) 
 
 Neumond mit Wind 
 1st zu Regen und Schnee gesinnt. 
 
 Change of Moon. 
 
 La lune est perilleuse au cinq, 
 Au quatre, six, huit, et vingt. Calendrier des bans 
 Laboureurs. 
 
 Prima et secunda, nihil, 
 Tertia aliquid : 
 Quarta quinta qualis, 
 Tota luna talis. 
 
 And so Virgil, Georg., I. 432-35 : 
 Sin ortu quarto, namque is certissimus auctor, 
 Pura neque obtusis per caelum cornibus ibit : 
 Totus et ille dies, et qui nascentur ab illo 
 Exactum ad mensem, pluvia ventisque carebunt. 
 
 The fourth day is also considered as critical in France and 
 
 Germany : thus, 
 Tel est le quatrieme jour de la lune, tel sera le 
 
PROVERBS RELATING TO THE MOON. 185 
 
 temps de la lune entiere, a moins que le sixieme 
 
 n'apporte un changement Ain : 
 And, 
 Wie der Wind am 3, besonders aber um 4, und 5. 
 
 Tage nach dem Neumond ist, so weht er den 
 
 ganzen Mond hindurch. 
 
 In Belgium they say, 
 If the moon shines clear and bright on the fourth 
 
 day, there will be fine weather ; if it is clouded, 
 
 there will be rain ; and if on the sixth day it be 
 
 flame-coloured, there will be storm and tempest. 
 
 (Mist.) 
 
 Brouillard dans le croissant 
 Cest signe de beau temps : 
 Brouillard dans le decours 
 C'est de la pluie avant trois jours. Pas de Calais. 
 
 (Frost.) 
 
 Gelee blanche au croissant 
 Marque de beau temps ; 
 Gelee blanche au de'cours, 
 De la pluie sous trois jours. Calvados. 
 
 La lune changeant en bet (beau) 
 Pluie du huit au sept. Hautes Pyrenees. 
 In the wane of the moon 
 A cloudy morning bodes a fair afternoon. 
 
 (Wind.) 
 Le grand vent en vieille lune est un indice de beau 
 
 temps. Cher. 
 
 Full Moon. 
 
 The full moon eats clouds. 
 La^lune mange des nuages. 
 
1 86 PROVERBS RELATING TO THE MOON. 
 
 La luna scoa via le nuvole Venice : 
 
 1 ' These proverbs have arisen from a supposed clearance of 
 
 clouds which is said to take place when the full moon 
 
 rises. " Inwards. 
 
 Two full moons in a calendar month bring on a 
 flood. Bedfordshire. 
 
 Halo round the Moon. 
 
 The halo or burr seen round the moon, being a consequence 
 of the humidity of the atmosphere, is considered very 
 generally to forebode wet weather. It is called in Scot- 
 land "brugh," the early Teutonic word for circle: the 
 same term which is applied to circular forts or hills. 
 Thus, 
 
 About the moon there is a brugh, 
 
 The weather will be cauld and rough. 
 
 The moon with a circle brings water in her beak. 
 
 Lune encerclee, pluie prochaine. Haut Rhin. 
 
 Quando la luna ga'l cercio, vol piover. Venice. 
 
 Cercle a la lune, 
 
 Matelot monte dans la hune. Pas de Calais. 
 
 Rond a Thine, pleuve in dte, 
 
 In hiver, pleuve ubin neice (ou neige). Nord. 
 
 Ein Hof oder Ring um Mond, deutet auf Regen 
 und Wind, oder auch auf anhaltende Trockniss : 
 
 The further the halo appears distant from the moon, the 
 nearer at hand is the coming rain. So we find, 
 
 Far burr, near rain. 
 
 Quand le rond est pres, 
 La pluie est loin. Yonne. 
 
 Sere visin, aqua lontan : 
 
 Sere lontan, aqua doman. Milan. 
 
PROVERBS RELATING TO THE MOON. 187 
 
 Halo round Sun and Moon. 
 
 The circle of the moon never filled a pond : 
 The circle of the sun wets a shepherd. 
 
 Hof um den Mond, das soil wohl geh'n : aber Hof 
 urn die Sonne, da schreit des Schiffers Weib. 
 
 Aspects of the Moon. 
 
 Of the particular indications of the haze in the atmosphere, 
 the mere hazy or pale colour of the moon often forebodes 
 rain, while she is more brazen or copper- coloured before 
 wind. So the old adage, 
 
 Pallida luna pluit ; rubicunda flat : alba serenat : 
 This saying is found in almost every language. 
 
 Pale. 
 
 Luno pallo bespre ou mati 
 Aigo del nibou fai sourti. Lozere : 
 i.e., Lune pale le soir ou le matin 
 Fait tomber de 1'eau de la nue. 
 
 And we find in the Midsummer Night's Dream, act ii. sc. 2, 
 " Therefore the moon the governess of floods, 
 Pale in her anger, washes all the air, 
 That rheumatic diseases do abound." 
 
 Red. 
 
 At si virgin eum suffuderit ore ruborem, 
 Ventus erit : vento semper rubet aurea Phoebe. 
 Georgicon, lib. I., 430, 431. 
 
 Lune rouge, le vent souffle : 
 
 Lune rousse, il pleut ou souffle. B ouches du Rhone. 
 
 Luno roujo meno toujour 
 
 Aouro fouorto penden lou jour. Lozere: 
 
 i.e.y Lune rouge annonce toujours 
 
 Un grand vent pendant la journee. 
 
1 88 PROVERBS RELATING TO THE MOON. 
 
 Clear. 
 
 If the moon show a silver shield, 
 
 Be not afraid to reap your field : 
 
 But if she rises haloed round, 
 
 Soon we'll tread on deluged ground. 
 
 Clear moon, 
 
 Frost soon. 
 
 Lune brillante et blanche en meme temps 
 
 Pour plusieurs jours nous promet le beau temps. 
 
 La lune argentive temps clair. 
 
 Moon causing rain. 
 
 ' ' Hecate in Macbeth tells the witches 
 
 ' Upon a corner of the moon 
 
 There hangs a vaporous drop profound,' 
 
 efficacious in the invocation of spirits. And in Newton's 
 Directions for Health, 1574, we are told that the moon is 
 'ladie of moysture :' and in Hamlet, act i. sc. I, she 
 is called 'the moist star.' Shakespeare, indeed, in the 
 Midsummer Night's Dream, appears to have imitated a 
 passage to this effect in Lydgate's Storie of Thebes, 
 ' Of Lucina the moone, moist and pale, 
 That many showres fro heaven made availe.'" 
 Brand. 
 
 Influence of the Moon on agricultural operations. 
 
 The moon was supposed by our ancestors to exercise great 
 influence over agricultural operations, also over many ' ' of 
 the minor concerns of life, such as the gathering of herbs, 
 the killing of animals for the table, and other matters of a 
 like nature." 
 
 In Tusser's Five Hundred Points of Husbandry, are the fol- 
 lowing lines : 
 
 " Sowe peason and beans in the wane of the moone, 
 
 Who soweth them sooner, he soweth too soone : 
 
PROVERBS RELATING TO THE MOON. 189 
 
 That they, with the planet, may rest and rise, 
 And flourish with bearing most plentiful wise." 
 Werenfels, in his Dissertation upon Superstition (transl. 8vo. 
 Lond., 1748), p. 6, speaking of a superstitious man, says : 
 
 " He will not commit his seed to the earth when 
 the soil, but when the moon, requires it. He 
 will have his hair cut when the moon is either 
 in Leo, that his locks may stare like the lion's 
 shag, or in Aries, that they may curl like a ram's 
 horn. Whatever he would have to grow, he sets 
 about it when she is on her increase (this is con- 
 trary to Tusser) ; but for what he would have 
 made less, he chooses her wane. When the 
 moon is in Taurus, he never can be persuaded 
 to take physic, lest that animal, which chews its 
 cud, should make him cast it up again. If at 
 any time he has a mind to be admitted into the 
 presence of a prince, he will wait till the moon 
 is in conjunction with the sun ; for 'tis then the 
 society of an inferior with a superior is salutary 
 and successful." 
 
 Butler, in Hudibras, part II., canto 3, 1. 239, says of a con- 
 juror, 
 
 " But with the moon was more familiar 
 Than e'er was almanac well-wilier ; 
 Her secrets understood so clear, 
 That some believed he had been there ; 
 Knew when she was in fittest mood 
 For cutting corns or letting blood ; 
 When for anointing scabs or itches, 
 
 And in what sign best cider's made ; 
 
IQO PROVERBS RELATING TO THE MOON. 
 
 Whether the wane be, or increase, 
 Best to set garlic or sow pease : 
 Who first found out the man i' th' moon, 
 That to the ancients was unknown." 
 
 The French say, 
 
 Seme dans le ddclin, 
 
 Tu auras du grain. Pas de Calais. 
 
 Toute graine semee en nouvelle lune est moitie 
 perdue. Yonne. 
 
 La meilleure condition metereologique pour les 
 travaux agricoles est 1'epoque qui se rapproche 
 le plus de la pleine lune; la plus mauvaise celle 
 qui s'en eloigne le plus. Vienne. 
 
 Si vous voulez du bon bois d'oeuvre, il faut 1'abattre 
 a la lune vielle. Puy de Dome. 
 
 This corresponds with the Italian proverb, 
 Se te vo avegh del bon legnam 
 In liina piena no sta a tajal. Milan. 
 
 Quel che te somnet in liina piena 
 No '1 te da gnaca de sena. Bergamo. 
 
 And in the year 1870 an Italian Professor can write, with 
 reference to these two last proverbs, 
 
 " Questi ultimi proverbi si ritengono dalla maggior 
 parte ridicole credenze o pregiudizi : ma i risul- 
 tati di lunghissime e continuate osservazioni di 
 illustri scienziati, accennano alF influenza lunare 
 sui fenonemi della vita tellurica" ! 
 
 See also the Husbandman's Practice, or Prognostication for 
 ever, pp. 109-10-11. 
 
CHANGE OF THE MOON. 
 
 Virgil, Georg.^ I. 276-86, says, 
 Ipsa dies alios alio dedit ordine Luna 
 Felices operum. Quintain fuge ; 
 
 Septima post decimam felix, et ponere vitem, 
 Et prensos domitare boves, et licia telse 
 Addere. Nona fugse melior, contraria furtis. 
 
 CHANGE OF THE MOON 
 ON THE VARIOUS DAYS OF THE WEEK. 
 
 Sunday. 
 
 If the moon change on Sunday, there will be a 
 flood before the rhonth is out. 
 
 Lune du dimanche 
 
 L'eau passe la planche. Haute Saone. 
 
 Si la lune renouvelle un dimanche, 
 L'eau emporte ponts et planches.; Jura. 
 
 Monday. 
 Tout lundi vaut bonne lune. 
 
 Tuesday. 
 
 Prends du temps la regie commune 
 
 Au premier mardi de la lune. Calvados. 
 
 Wednesday. 
 
 Un mercredi si la lune est nouvelle, 
 
 En fait de beau n'attendez rien d'elle. Haute Loire. 
 
 Lune de mercredi et femme barbue, 
 De si loin que je te vois, je te salue. 
 
STARS AND METEORS. 
 
 Luna de mercoHe, 
 
 La riiina '1 to e'l me. Bergamo. 
 
 Friday. 
 
 Lune qui commence un vendredi est pluvieuse pen- 
 dant toutes ses phases. Hatites Pyrenees. 
 
 Quan la luno tourno lou dibendres, 
 Baoupas uno bugado sans cendres. Lotet Garonne, 
 i.e., When the new moon begins on a Friday, it is not worth lye 
 made without ashes (meaning that it brings bad weather). 
 
 Saturday. 
 A Saturday's moon, 
 Come when it will, it comes too soon. 
 
 A Saturday's change brings the boat to the door, 
 But a Sunday's change brings it up on mid floor. 
 
 Saturday's change and Sunday's full 
 Never brought good and never wull. 
 
 A Saturday's change and a Sunday's full moon 
 Once in seven years is once too soon. 
 
 Saturday's change and Sunday's prime, 
 Ance is aneugh in seven years' time. 
 
 PROVERBS RELATING TO STARS AND 
 METEORS. 
 
 Stars Clouded. 
 
 Si Ton voit les etoiles entourees de brouillard, 
 Un vent tres froid ne peut etre en retard. Haute 
 
 Loire. 
 
STARS AND METEORS. IQ3 
 
 Brilliant. 
 
 Ciel tres etoiM 
 
 N'est pas de longue duree. Moselle. 
 
 Etoiles plus brillantes que de coutume, pluie pro- 
 bable. Meurthe. 
 
 El temp no Pe pii quell, 
 
 Quand che grand e visin se ved i stell Milan : 
 i.e., When the stars seem larger and nearer to one another 
 than usual, there will be a change in the weather. 
 
 The Maltese say, 
 The stars twinkle : we cry " Wind." 
 
 Halo round Stars. 
 
 Sere ai stell, 
 
 El temp no 1'e pii bell. Milan. 
 
 Shooting-Stars. 
 
 Sternschnuppen bedeuten viel Wind. 
 
 So Virgil writes, Georg. I. 365-66. 
 
 Saepe etiam Stellas, vento impendente, videbis, 
 Praecipites coelo labi. 
 
 Electric Lights. 
 
 Last night I saw Saint Elmo's stars, 
 
 With their glittering lanterns all at play, 
 On the tops of the masts and the tips of the spars, 
 And I knew we should have foul weather that 
 
 day. 
 
 Brand (iii. 400) quotes from the Scottish Encyclopaedia, v. 
 Lights : " Dr Shaw tells us that in thick hazy weather he 
 has observed those luminous appearances which at sea 
 skip about the masts and yards of ships, and which the 
 sailors call ' corpusanse,' which is a corruption of the 
 Spanish ' cuerpo santo.' " 
 
194 STARS AND METEORS. 
 
 In the same work, under Meteor, we are told : " Pliny, in 
 his second book of Natural History, calls these appear- 
 ances stars ; and tells us that they settled not only upon 
 the masts and other parts of ships, but also upon men's 
 heads. Two of these lights forebode good weather and 
 a prosperous voyage ; and drive away the single one, 
 which wears a threatening aspect. This the sailors call 
 ' Helen ;' but the two they call ' Castor and Pollux,' and 
 invoke them as gods." 
 
 "These appearances are called by the French and Spaniards 
 inhabiting the coasts of the Mediterranean, St Helme's 
 or St Telme's fires ; by the Italians, the fires of St Peter 
 and St Nicholas." 
 
 In Cotgrave we read : "Feu d'Helene, Feu S. Herme, St 
 Helen's or St Herme's fire ; a meteor that often appears 
 at sea : looke Furole." 
 
 ' ' Furole, a little blaze of fire appearing by night on the tops 
 of soldiers' lances, or at sea on the sayle yards, where it 
 whirles, and leaps in a moment from one place to another. 
 Some mariners call it St Herme's fire ; if it come double, 
 'tis held a signe of good lucke, if single, otherwise." 
 
 PROVERBS RELATING TO THE 
 RAINBOW. 
 
 The following are a few of the names given to the Rainbow in 
 various European countries : 
 
 By the old Norsemen it was called "Asbru," or 
 " The Bridge of the Gods." In Lithuania it is 
 styled "Laima's Girdle; the Weather rod, or 
 Heaven's bow." In Catalonia, " S. Martin's 
 bow." In Lorraine, "S. Leonard's belt, or S. 
 Bernard's crown." In Bavaria, " Heaven's ring, 
 or the Sun's ring." In Finland, " Heaven's 
 bow." In Croatia, "The God's seat." In 
 
RAINBOW. 195 
 
 Servia and Poland, " The stave in the sky," or 
 simply " The stave." In Carniola, " The striped 
 cow." *(Das Wetter im Sprichwort^ 
 Morning and Evening. 
 
 If there be a rainbow in the eve, 
 
 It will rain and leave : 
 
 But if there be a rainbow in the morrow, 
 
 It will neither lend nor borrow. 
 
 The rainbow in the marnin 
 Gives the shepherd warnin 
 
 To car' his gurt cwoat on his back : 
 The rainbow at night 
 Is the shepherd's delight, 
 
 For then no gurt cwoat will he lack. Wiltshire. 
 
 A rainbow at morning 
 
 Is the shepherd's warning : 
 
 A rainbow at night 
 
 Is the shepherd's delight. 
 
 Similar sayings are found in various countries. Thus, 
 
 a. In Germany, 
 Regenbogen am Morgen 
 Macht dem Schafer Sorgen ; 
 Regenbogen am Abend 
 
 1st dem Schafer labend. 
 
 b. In the Basque provinces, 
 
 Holc.adarraq ceruan arratgian dembora ouna iracus- 
 
 tendu : 
 i.e., A rainbow in the evening foretells fine weather. 
 
 * " In Bohemia the peasantry hold it unlucky to walk under 
 a rainbow ; and they say that the rain which descends through 
 the bow blights all it falls upon." White's Northumberland. 
 p. 348. 
 
1 96 RAINBOW. 
 
 c. In Corsica, 
 
 Arco di mare, acqua a fontane : 
 Arco di sera, scalda costiera. 
 
 d. In North Italy, 
 Arco celeste de matina, 
 El mal tempo se avicina ; 
 Arco celeste de sera 
 
 El bon tempo se spera. 
 
 e. In the neighbourhood of Florence, 
 Arco da matina 
 
 Empie la mulina : 
 Arco da sera 
 Tempo rasserena. 
 
 /. In the Pas de Calais, 
 L'arc-en-ciel du matin 
 Donne a boire au voisin : 
 Et l'arc-en-ciel du soir 
 Au voisin donne espoir. 
 
 In the Vosges, 
 Arc-en-ciel du soir 
 Fait beau temps prevoir : 
 Arc-en-ciel du matinee 
 Du laboureur finit la journee. 
 
 But in some parts of France a contrary opinion prevails. 
 
 Thus we find in the Department of Ille-et-Vilaine, 
 Arc-en-ciel du matin, 
 Bonhomme, pousse ton chemin : 
 Arc-en-ciel du soir, 
 Rentre au manoir. 
 
RAINBOW. 197 
 
 And, 
 
 Arc-en-ciel du matin 
 
 Bonne femme, mets les vaches en chemin : 
 Arc-en-ciel du soir 
 Tu verras pleuvoir. 
 
 Sir Humphry Davy, in his ' Salmonia, ' writes as follows : 
 " A rainbow can only occur when the clouds con- 
 taining or depositing the rain are opposite to the 
 sun ; and in the evening the rainbow is in the 
 east, and in the morning in the west ; and as our 
 heavy rains in this climate are usually brought by 
 the westerly wind, a rainbow in the west indicates 
 that the bad weather is on the road, by the wind 
 to us ; whereas the rainbow in the east proves 
 that the rain in these clouds is passing from 
 us." 
 
 In East and South. 
 
 So the French saying, 
 Arc-en-ciel du levant 
 Beau temps : 
 Arc-en-ciel du midi 
 Pluie. 
 
 On the other hand there is a Spanish proverb, that 
 " A rainbow in the east brings rain with all speed ; 
 but if you see it in the west, you may know 
 that it is closing the floodgates and will bring 
 wind/' 
 
 Colours. 
 
 Quando 1'arco celeste tra al rossin, 
 Poco formento e molto vin : 
 
198 MISTS AND FOGS. 
 
 Sel tra al verde e al zalin 
 
 Assae ogio e poco vin Venice : 
 
 i.e., .When red preponderates in a rainbow, the harvest will 
 
 be bad, the vintage good : but when green or yellow, 
 
 there will be much oil and little wine. 
 
 PROVERBS RELATING TO MISTS 
 AND FOGS. 
 
 When the mist comes from the hill, 
 Then good weather it doth spill ; 
 When the mist comes from the sea, 
 Then good weather it will be. 
 
 On Mountains. 
 
 When the mist creeps up the hill, 
 Fisher, out and try your skill : 
 When the mist begins to nod, 
 Fisher, then put by your rod. Scotland. 
 
 Nebel auf Waldern und Bergspitzen zeigen Regen 
 an. Suabia. 
 
 Wenn der Nebel den Berg'rauf zieht, kommt er in 
 drei Tagen als Regen wieder. 
 
 Brouillard dans la vallee, 
 
 Bonhomme, va a ta journee ; 
 
 Brouillard sur le mont, 
 
 Bonhomme, reste a la maison. Pas de Calais. 
 
 If after sunset a mist hangs over brooks and meadows, the 
 German peasants consider it to prognosticate fine weather, 
 and say, 
 " The fox is brewing." 
 
MISTS AND FOGS. 199 
 
 Si le brouillard s'eleve, signe de pluie ; 
 S'il tombe, signe de beau temps. Loiret. 
 
 BrouilJard qui s'eleve en automne presage le beau 
 
 temps : 
 Brouillard qui remonte en ete annonce la pluie. 
 
 Ardennes. 
 
 La nebia bassa, 
 
 Bel temp la lassa. Milan. 
 
 El caligo purga'l tempo. Venice. 
 
 Quando'l sol la nebia el lassa, la nebia lassa'l sol 
 
 Venice ; 
 
 i.t., When the sun leaves mist behind, the mist leaves the sun 
 behind meaning, that when mist rises in the evening 
 after sunset, it disperses the next morning at sunrise. 
 
 Dicker Nebel Abends zeigt oft an, dass es Nachts 
 regnen wird. 
 
 Tre calighi fa una piova : tre piove fa una brentana 
 
 Venice : 
 
 i.e., Three fogs make a fall of rain ; three falls of rain make 
 a flood. 
 
 Bruine obscure 
 
 Trois jours dure ; 
 
 Si elle poursuit 
 
 En dure huit. Calendrier des bons Laboureurs. 
 
 So the Milanese say, 
 Nebia sciira 
 Tri de la dura : 
 Se le cala tot in bot 
 La pol staga pio de 6t. 
 
200 CLOUDS. 
 
 White mist in winter indicates frost : 
 
 Black mist indicates coming rain. Scotland. 
 
 Haze. 
 
 Hazy weather is thought to prognosticate frost in 
 winter, snow in spring, fair weather in summer, 
 and rain in autumn. 
 
 PROVERBS RELATING TO DEW. 
 
 Morning. 
 
 L'rouse.e du matin 
 
 N'empeche point Ppelerin. Nord. 
 
 Fallt gar kein Thau oder verschwindet er zeitig des 
 Morgens, so steht Regen mit Gewitter. 
 
 Evening. 
 
 The dews of the evening industriously shun, 
 They're the tears of the sky for the loss of the sun. 
 
 PROVERBS RELATING TO THE CLOUDS. 
 
 Black. 
 
 " A small fast-growing black cloud in violent motion 
 seen in the tropics, is called the Bull's-Eye, and 
 precedes the most terrible hurricanes.". 
 The Persians say, 
 
 Black clouds bring rain. 
 
 Triibe Wolken sind selten ohne Regen. 
 
CLOUDS. 2OI 
 
 Compare Tempest, act ii. sc. 2, 
 
 " And another storm brewing ; I hear it sing i' the 
 wind, yond' same black cloud, yond' huge one, 
 looks like a foul bumbard that would shed his 
 liquor. . . . Yond' same cloud cannot chuse but 
 fall by pailfuls." 
 
 Green and Black. 
 
 Nivol verd, nivol sciiret, 
 In tempesta con saett Milan : 
 
 i.e., When the clouds are green and black, they forebode 
 storms and lightning. 
 
 White. 
 
 I nivol bianch, pizzen come can. Milan. 
 
 Bed. 
 
 Red clouds in the east, rain the next day. 
 Horizon rouge, signe de vent ou de pluie. Gers. 
 Nuvola roggia 
 O vent o pioggia. 
 
 Nigola rossa, la duma (the next day) 
 Se nol piov el pioera. Bergamo. 
 
 Woolly. 
 
 If woolly fleeces spread the heavenly way, 
 Be sure no rain disturbs the summer's day. 
 
 El ciel pecoun promete un bel matin. 
 
 But, on the other hand, Virgil (Georg. i. 397) considers it a 
 
 sign of rain if it should happen that, 
 Tenuia lanae per coelum vellera ferri. 
 
 And so in the neighbourhood of Pisa, they say, 
 Cielo a pecorelle, 
 Acqua a catinelle : 
 
202 CLOUDS. 
 
 And in the North of Italy, 
 Quando le nuvole xe fate a lana 
 Se no piove ancuo piove sta setimana : 
 
 And in the Tyrol, 
 Sind Morgens Himmelschaflein, wird's Nachmit- 
 
 tags hageln oder schnei'n : 
 
 And in France, 
 Quan lou ceil perdigo 
 Se'non plaou non trigo Lot et Garonne : 
 i.e., When the sky is dappled, if it does not rain at once, it 
 will not be long in coming. And, 
 
 Temps pommele, fille fardee, 
 Ne sont pas de longue duree. 
 
 In the North. 
 Nigola de montagna 
 No bagna la campagna. 
 
 In the South-west. 
 
 " When scattered patches or streaks of nimbus come 
 driving up from the south-west, they are called 
 by the sailors ' Prophet Clouds/ and indicate 
 wind. " Inwards. 
 
 In the West. 
 
 A bank of clouds in the west indicates rain. 
 Surrey. 
 
 " When ye see a cloud rise out of the west, straight- 
 way ye say, There cometh a shower and so it is." 
 S. Luke, xii. 54. 
 
 Nigola de ponent 
 No la s'alza mai per gnent : 
 
 i.e., A cloud rising from the west, does not rise to no pur- 
 pose. 
 
CLOUDS. 203 
 
 Castellated. 
 
 When clouds appear like rocks and towers, 
 The earth's refreshed with frequent showers. 
 
 Compare, 
 
 " Sometimes we see a cloud that's dragonish, 
 A vapour sometimes like a bear or lion, 
 A towered citadel, a pendant rock, 
 A forked mountain, a blue promontory 
 With trees upon't that nod unto the world 
 And mock our eyes with air. 
 That which is now a horse, even with a thought, 
 The rack dislimns and makes it indistinct 
 As water is in water." Shakespeare: Antony and 
 Cleopatra, act iv. sc. 12. 
 
 And so Aristophanes, Nub., 345 : 
 
 "H^Tj <xor avafcXe-^iag sJfcg vstp'tXqv Ksvraugw o/^o/av ; 
 "H -rac^aXs/, % Xi/xw, r\ rat^wj 
 
 See also Pliny's Natural History : Translated by Philemon 
 Holland, Book II. chap. 3 : also Byron's Voyage, p. 10. 
 
 Names of Clouds. 
 
 The cloud called goat's hair, or the grey mare's 
 tail, forebodes wind. 
 
 Hen-scarts and filly-tails 
 
 Make lofty ships wear low sails. 
 
 Certain light kinds of clouds, says Chambers, are thus de- 
 nominated, from their supposed resemblances to the 
 scratches of hens on the ground and the tails of young 
 mares. 
 Sailors have a proverb referring to the same cloud, 
 
 If clouds look as if scratched by a hen, 
 
 Get ready to reef your topsails then. 
 
 In Hungary these clouds are called " Sea-grass." 
 
204 CLOUDS. 
 
 Fish-shaped. 
 
 The hake-shaped cloud, if pointing east and west, 
 indicates rain : if north and south, more fine 
 weather. Bedfordshire. 
 
 A long stripe of cloud, sometimes called a salmon, 
 
 sometimes a Noah's ark, when it stretches east 
 
 and west, is a sign of a storm ; but when north 
 
 and south, of fine weather. 
 So in the Eifel and also on the lower Rhine they say of a 
 
 cloud similar to that just mentioned, and which they call 
 
 a sea-ship, or cloud-ship, or Mary's ship, 
 " If the Meer-schiff turns its head to the south, rain 
 
 will soon follow." 
 Small well-defined roundish masses of cloud, increasing from 
 
 below, are called "A mackerel sky." 
 Mackerel sky 
 Neither long wet nor long dry. 
 These clouds are called in Buckinghamshire " packet boys," 
 
 and are said to be packets of rain soon to be opened. 
 Conical heaps increasing upwards from a horizontal base are 
 
 called "wool-bags." Inwards. 
 
 A cloud called the Helm Cloud, hovering about 
 the hill-tops for a day or two, is said to presage 
 wind and rain. Yorkshire. 
 
 Clouds on Hill-Tops. 
 
 When the clouds are upon the hills 
 They'll come down by the mills. 
 Corresponding to the French saying, 
 Fun de pet 
 Boto-te ol let. Lot. 
 
 i.e., Fumee de pic (clouds on the hill -tops) 
 Mets toi au lit. 
 
CLOUDS. 205 
 
 Hills and clouds are closely connected in weather-lore ; and 
 almost every district has rhymes or sayings on this sub- 
 ject, e.g. : 
 
 Bredon Hill. 
 
 When Eredon Hill puts on his hat, 
 
 Ye men of the vale beware of that. Worcester- 
 shire. 
 
 Cairns Muir. 
 
 When Cairns Muir wears a hat, 
 
 The Macher's Rills may laugh at that. 
 
 Cairnsmuir is N.N.E. of Macher's Rills, Wigtownshire. 
 
 Another version is, 
 
 When Cairnsmuir puts on his hat, 
 Palmuir and Skyreburn laugh at that ; 
 
 Palmuir and Skyreburn being mountain streams which 
 rise rapidly after rain. 
 
 Cheviot. 
 
 When Cheviot ye see put on his cap, 
 Of rain ye'll have a wee bit drap. 
 
 Cornsancone. 
 
 If Cornsancone put on his cap, and the Knipe be 
 clear, it will rain within twenty-four hours. 
 
 This is a sign which it is said never fails. Cornsancone Hill 
 is to the east, and the Knipe to the south-west of the New 
 Cumnock districts where the proverb is current. 
 
 Craighill. 
 
 There is a high wooded hill above Lochnaw 
 
 Castle, 
 Take care when Lady Craighill puts on her 
 
 mantle : 
 
206 CLOUDS. 
 
 The Lady looks high and knows what is coming, 
 Delay not one moment to get under covering. 
 The hill lies to the north-west of the district where this 
 saying is quoted. 
 
 Criffel. 
 
 When Criffel wears a hap, 
 Skiddaw wots full well o' that. 
 
 Any stout exterior garment for protection against cold is 
 called in Scotland a " hap." CHAMBERS. 
 
 The rolling of clouds landward and their gathering 
 about the summit of Criffel, is regarded as a sign 
 of foul weather in Dumfries and Kirkpatrick- 
 Fleming, and intervening parishes. 
 
 Falkland Hill. 
 
 When Falkland Hill puts on his cap, 
 The Howe o' Fife will get a drap ; 
 And when the Bishop draws his cowl, 
 Look out for wind and weather foul. 
 Falkland Hill and Bishop Hill are two prominent conical 
 eminences in the Lomond range. 
 
 Halldown. 
 
 When Halldown has a hat, 
 Let Kenton beware of a skat. Devonshire. 
 A "skat " is a shower of rain. 
 
 Largo Law. 
 
 When Largo Law puts on his hat, 
 Let Kellie Law beware of that ; 
 When Kellie Law gets on his cap, 
 Largo Law may laugh at that. 
 Largo Law is to the south-west of Kellie Law. 
 
CLOUDS. 207 
 
 Riving Pike. 
 
 If Riving Pike do wear a hood, 
 
 Be sure the day will ne'er be good. Lanca- 
 shire. 
 
 Roseberry Topping. 
 
 If Roseberry Topping wears a cap, 
 Let Cleveland then beware of a rap. North 
 Riding. 
 
 Ruberslaw. 
 
 When Ruberslaw puts on his cowl, 
 
 The Dunion on his hood, 
 Then a' the wives of Teviotside 
 
 Ken there will be a flood. Roxburghshire. 
 
 In Forfarshire, Craigowl and Collie Law, two eminences in 
 the Sidlaw range, are substituted for Ruberslaw and the 
 Dunion, and the " Lundy lads " for the wives o' Teviot- 
 side. CHAMBERS. 
 
 Skiddaw. 
 
 When Skiddaw hath a cap, 
 Criffell wots well of that. 
 
 Traprain. 
 
 When Traprain puts on his hat, 
 The Lothian lads may look to that. Haddington- 
 shire. 
 
 We meet with proverbs of a similar character in other 
 countries. Thus Schiller says in Wilhelm Tell ' : 
 
 Mythenstein. 
 
 Der Mythenstein zieht seine Haube an. 
 
208 FROST. 
 
 Mount Pilate. 
 
 Quand Pilate a mis son chapeau 
 Le temps sera serein et beau. 
 
 Monte Summano. 
 
 Quando'l Suman ga'l capelo, 
 
 Se anco piove doman fa belo. Venetia. 
 
 Monte Venda. 
 
 Co'l monte Venda fa pan, 
 
 Se no piove anco, piove doman : 
 
 i.e., When Mount Venda is making bread (when the clouds 
 
 on its summit resemble smoke issuing from a chimney), if 
 
 it is not raining now, it will to-morrow. 
 Monte Venda is the highest of the Euganean hills. 
 
 Hills and Sea-Coast. 
 
 Wenn's Gebirge sich erhellt, 
 Iss und trink und geh'aufs Feld: 
 i.e., It will not rain. 
 
 Sieht die Kiiste heiter aus, 
 Iss und trink und geh' in's Haus : 
 i.e., It will rain. 
 
 Mer claire et montagne obscure 
 Annoncent la pluie sure. Herault. 
 
 PROVERBS RELATING TO FROST. 
 
 Quick thaw, long frost. 
 
 He that would have a bad day maun gang out in a 
 fog after a frost. 
 
SNOW. 209 
 
 White Frost. 
 (Foreboding rain.) 
 
 Blanches gelees est de pluie messagere. Calend- 
 rier des bons Laboureurs. 
 
 Al ara sin cu lave Nord : 
 
 i.e., Elle (la gelee blanche) aura le cul lave. 
 
 Quand la gelade est blanque, la plouge li cante aii 
 
 cul. 
 i.e., When there is a hoar-frost, the rain is singing at its 
 
 rear. 
 
 (Foreboding snow.) 
 Bearded frost, forerunner of snow. 
 
 (Causing thaw.) 
 Starker Reif bricht den Frost. Suabia. 
 
 Hail and Frost. 
 Hail 
 
 Brings frost in the tail. 
 Hailstorm at day denotes frost at night. 
 
 La gelee ne fault au gre'sil 
 
 Non plus que le pere au fils. Calendrier des bons 
 Laboureurs. 
 
 PROVERBS RELATING TO SNOW. 
 
 (Beneficial to the ground.) 
 Soto la neve sta la farina. Venetia. 
 
 In Tuscany they say, 
 
 Sott'acqua fame, e sotto neve pane : 
 i.e., Under water dearth, and under snow bread. 
 O 
 
210 SNOW. 
 
 La neve ingrassa la campagna. 
 
 Die weisse Gans (/.*., snow) briitet gut. 
 
 Eine gute Decke von Schnee, 
 Bringt das Winterkorn in die Hoh. 
 
 So hoch der Schnee, so hoch das Gras. 
 Per ona setimana, la nev la fa de mama : 
 Per de pu 1'e ona madregna, 
 E la deventa dop come ona tegna Milan : 
 i.e., For seven days snow is a mother, then it becomes a 
 stepmother, and then a scab (a nuisance). 
 
 So the French say, 
 
 Neige de huit jours est la mere de la terre, 
 Neige de plus de huit jours en est la maratre. 
 
 And the Basques, 
 
 Sorzi egunes ama ditu lurrac : 
 i.e., For eight days snow acts as a mother to the earth. 
 Neige au ble est tel benefice 
 Qu'au vieillard sa bonne pelisse. Vosges. 
 
 Corresponding with the Russian proverb, 
 Corn is as comfortable under the snow as an old 
 man in his fur coat. 
 Snow and Sun. 
 Se a la nev va'l sul adoss 
 Nev e nev, nev a brandoss : 
 
 i.e., If the sun falls on the snow, there will be snow, and 
 snow, and snow yet again. 
 
 Snow and Hail. 
 
 Plus il neige, 
 
 Moins il grele. Haut Marne. 
 
 Snow and Ice. 
 La neve non lascia mai ghiaccio dietro. 
 
RAIN. 211 
 
 Fine Weather following Snow. 
 
 Dop la nevada 
 
 L'e bela la giornada. 
 
 Size of Flakes. 
 
 Schneit es fein und klein, kan man grosse, anhalt- 
 ende Kalte, schneit es mit grossen und breiten 
 Flocken, massige Kalte erwarten. 
 
 Consolation in Snowy Weather. 
 Bon vi, bon pa, la pas in ca, 
 Se ol fioca, lassa nock : 
 i.e., With good wine, good bread, and peace at home, if 
 
 snow does come, let it come. 
 
 PROVERBS RELATING TO RAIN. 
 
 Morning. 
 
 Rain before seven, 
 Fine before eleven. 
 
 So the Czechs and Poles say, 
 Morning rain and women's tears are soon over. 
 
 The Suabian peasants, 
 Morgenregen und Waiberwai, 
 Sind um Zehne nimmermai. 
 
 The French, 
 Pluie matinale 
 N'est pas journale. 
 
 And, 
 
 Plejo que toumbo lou mati, 
 Diou pas empacha de parti Lozere : 
 i.e., Rain in the morning will not hinder us from going out. 
 
212 RAIN. 
 
 The Germans, 
 
 Friihregen und frtihe Betelleut' 
 Bleiben nicht bis man Zwolfe laut't. 
 
 And, 
 Friihregen und Friihgaste bleiben selten iiber 
 
 Nacht. 
 
 But in the north of Italy they fear early rain ; 
 Quand el piov su la rosada 
 Se ghe n'a per na zurnada Bergamo : 
 i.e., If the rain falls on the dew, it will continue to fall 
 throughout the day. 
 
 Midnight. 
 
 Midnight rains 
 
 Make drowned fens. Lincolnshire. 
 
 Rain and Wind. 
 Kleiner Regen 
 Macht grossen Wind legen. 
 
 Quand el piov e'l tria vent, 
 Sara 1'iis e tegnet dent : 
 
 i.e., When it rains and blows, shut up your house and stay 
 within. 
 
 Uncertain. 
 It rains by planets. 
 
 The peasant prays for rain, the traveller longs for 
 sunshine, but God gives each what is best. 
 Tartar Proverb. 
 
 Quand dio vol, in toe i temp el piov. 
 
 Small Rain. 
 
 Many drops make a shower. 
 
RAIN. 213 
 
 Staubregen pflegt ein sicherer Vorbote guten 
 trockenen Wetters zu sein. 
 
 Appearance of Drops. 
 
 Qu'ind i pleut a zieux d'vaques, 
 Chest pou tros jours Nord ' : 
 
 i.e.. When the rain in falling makes cow's eyes, it will last 
 for three days. 
 
 Pluie qui fume en tombant 
 
 Doit durer longtemps. Calvados. 
 
 Rain from a particular quarter. 
 Quand la pluie vient d'amont 
 La terre trempe jusqu'au fond Seine et Oise : 
 i.e., When the rain comes from up the river, the earth is 
 
 thoroughly soaked. 
 
 Bain during Sunshine. 
 
 If it rain when the sun shines, it will surely rain 
 the next day about the same hour. Suffolk. 
 
 A sunshiny shower 
 
 Never lasts half an hour. Bedfordshire. 
 
 Sunshiny rain 
 
 Will soon go again. Devonshire. 
 
 The Poles say, 
 
 If it rain while the sun is shining, the witches are 
 making butter. 
 
 The Germans, 
 If it rain while the sun is shining, the devil is beat- 
 
 ing his grandmother : 
 He is laughing, and she is crying. 
 
214 RAIN. 
 
 On the Rhine we find a proverb, 
 
 When it rains during sunshine, they are holding 
 their kermess (or feast) in hell. 
 
 Squalls. 
 
 The sudden storm lasts not three hours. 
 
 So in Richard II., act ii. sc. i., 
 " Small showers last long, but sudden storms are 
 
 short." 
 
 The faster the rain, the quicker the hold up. 
 Norfolk. 
 
 After a storm comes a calm. 
 
 Nacht Regen Kommt Sonnenschein. 
 
 " Post nubila Phoebus." 
 
 PROVERBS RELATING TO THUNDER 
 AND LIGHTNING. 
 
 Silence before Thunder. 
 
 " We often see, against some storm, 
 A silence in the heavens, the rack stand still, 
 The bold wind speechless, and the orb below 
 As hush as death : anon the dreadful thunder 
 Doth rend the region." Hamlet ', act ii. sc. 2. 
 
 Repeated Thunder. 
 
 Quand il a tonne et encore tonne 
 La pluie approche et montre la corne. 
 
 Thunder and Rain. 
 
 Tant tonne qu'il pleut. 
 
THUNDER. 215 
 
 Thunder at times of the day. 
 
 Thunder in y e morning signifies wynde, about 
 noone rayne, in y e evening great tempest. 
 Digges. 
 
 Les tonnerres du soir amenent Torage, 
 
 Ceux du matin le vent, 
 
 Ceux du midi la pluie. Calvados. 
 
 So they say in North Italy, 
 Tra a la matina, aria in cassina : 
 Tru a mesde, 1'aqua 1'e ai pe : 
 Trii a la bassura, temporal che fa pura : 
 
 Which has exactly the same meaning. 
 
 First Thunder of the year. 
 
 When the Esthonians hear thunder for the first 
 time in the year, they strike their heads thrice 
 with a stone, as a charm against its evil effects. 
 
 Vrienden, let weel op uw vee, 
 Den eersten donder baert veel wee Belgium : 
 i.e., Friends, take care of your cattle, the first thunder will 
 harm them much. 
 
 Thunder from South. 
 
 Se tra'l primo ton in 1'ostro 
 Slarga 1'ara e strenzi Porto. 
 
 South-west. 
 
 Quando'l ton tra da garbin, 
 
 Ghe xe pan e ghe xe vin Venetia : 
 
 i.e., If you hear the first thunder in the south, make your barn- 
 floor larger and your garden smaller. When you hear it 
 in the south-west, you may reckon on much bread and 
 wine. 
 
216 THUNDER. 
 
 Another version runs as follows, 
 
 South. 
 
 Quando'l primo ton vien da Ferrara (south), 
 Strenzi 1'orto e slarga 1'ara : 
 
 North. 
 
 Quando'l ton vien da Bassan (north) 
 To'su'l cesto e va per pan : 
 
 South-east. 
 
 Quando'l ton vien da siroco (south-east) 
 To'l baston e va a 7 toco. 
 
 Thunder on Days of the Week. 
 
 Digges, in his ' Prognostication everlasting of ryghte good 
 effecte,' fol. 6, <5, says : 
 
 " Somme wryte (their ground I see not) that Son- 
 daye's thundre shoulde brynge the death of 
 learned men, judges, and others : Mondaye's 
 thundre, the death of women : Tuesdaye's thun- 
 dre, plentie of graine : Wednesdaye's thundre, 
 the deathe of harlottes, and other blodshede : 
 Thursdaye's thundre, plentie of shepe and come : 
 Fridaie's thundre, the slaughter of a great man, 
 and other horrible murders : Saturdaye's thundre, 
 a generall pestilent plague and great deathe." 
 
 Thunder and Bain. 
 
 After much thunder much rain : 
 
 And the Germans say, 
 Auf Donner folgt gern Regen. 
 
 Lightning. 
 
 Sheet-lightning, without thunder, during the night, having 
 a whitish colour, announces unsettled weather. In the 
 
THUNDER AND LIGHTNING. 
 
 west of Scotland morning lightning is regarded as an 
 omen of bad weather. 
 
 In the West. 
 Co lampa in ponente, 
 No lampa per gnente : 
 
 In the North. 
 
 Co lampa in tramontana, 
 Xe segno de caldana Venetia : 
 
 i.e., When it lightens in the west, it does not lighten for no- 
 thing : when it lightens in the north, it is a sign of heat. 
 
 Willsford, in his 'Nature's Secrets,' p. 113, says : 
 
 In the North. 
 
 " Lightning from the north presages winds : 
 
 In the North-west. 
 
 " When it lightens only from the north-west, look 
 for rain the next day : 
 
 In the South and West. 
 
 " If from the south or the west it lightens, expect 
 both wind and rain from these parts : 
 
 Coloured. 
 
 " When the flashes of lightning appear very pale, it 
 argues the air to be full of waterish meteors ; and 
 if red and fiery, inclining to winds and tempests." 
 
 " At Borese de parte trucis quum fulminat, et quum 
 Eurique Zephyrique tonat domus : omnia plenis 
 Rura natant fossis, atque omnis navita ponto 
 Humida vela legit." Virg., Georg. /, 370-73. 
 
218 WIND. 
 
 PROVERBS RELATING TO WIND. 
 
 Every wind has its weather. 
 
 Nae weather is ill 
 An the wind bide still. 
 
 De 1'arrivee du vent 
 Souvenez vous en. 
 
 Day and Night. 
 
 The winds of the daytime wrestle and fight 
 Longer and stronger than those of the night. 
 
 Vent du jour redouble a la nuit, 
 
 Vent du soir se calme au jour. Cotes du Nord, 
 
 Morning and Evening. 
 
 Aria de mati, 1'empieness el miili, 
 Aria de sera bel temp se spera : 
 
 i.e., Wind in the morning fills the mills; wind in the evening 
 foretells fine weather. 
 
 Morning. 
 
 Aria de mati, 
 
 Ol tep vol fa'l rabi : 
 
 i.e., Wind in the morning brings stormy weather. 
 
 Mid-day. 
 
 Se i venti spirara da mezzogiorno 
 Suto i indicara sicuro e longo Venetia : 
 i.e., If the wind is blowing at noon, it is a sure sign of con- 
 tinued dry weather. 
 
 Sunrise and Sunset. 
 
 Der Wind, der sich mit der Sonne erhebt und legt, 
 bringt selten Regen. Westphalia. 
 
WIND. 219 
 
 Wind and Rain. 
 
 Jaincoaq nahidouen orduan, aisge gusclez eguitendu 
 
 uria Basque : 
 i.e. t When God wills, it rains with all winds. 
 
 No gh'e vento senza aqua : 
 i.e., Never is wind without rain. 
 
 Mai vent senz' aqua, ne aqua senza vent Ber- 
 gamo : 
 i.e., Never is there wind without rain, or rain without wind. 
 
 Grosser wind ist selten ohne Regen. 
 
 When rain comes before wind, 
 Halyards, sheets, and braces mind : 
 
 But, 
 
 When wind comes before rain, 
 Soon you may make sail again. 
 
 When the rain comes before the winds, 
 You may reef when it begins ; 
 But when the wind comes before the rain, 
 You may hoist your topsails up again. 
 
 If the rain comes before the wind, 
 Lower your topsails and take them in ; 
 If the wind comes before the rain, 
 Lower your topsails and hoist them again. 
 
 High Wind. 
 
 Jamais grand vent 
 
 N'a couru pour rent (rien). Jura. 
 
 Warm Wind. 
 Vent chaud a la queue blanche (is followed by snow) 
 
 Vaucluse. 
 
22O WIND. 
 
 Winds preceding Fine Weather. 
 Dop el vent, 
 Tre di de bel temp. Milan. 
 
 Cold Wind. 
 Co xe vento, 
 
 Xe fredo d'ogni tempo Venetia : 
 i.e.. When there is wind, it is always cold. 
 
 Direction of the Wind. 
 
 In Selkirkshire and Peeblesshire they say, 
 When the wind's in the north, 
 Hail comes forth ; 
 When the wind's in the wast, 
 Look for a wat blast ; 
 When the wind's in the soud, 
 The weather will be fresh and gude ; 
 When the wind's in the east, 
 Cauld and snaw comes neist. 
 
 East and wast, 
 The sign of a blast ; 
 North and south, 
 The sign of drouth. 
 
 North winds send hail, south winds bring rain, 
 East winds we bewail, west winds blow amain : 
 North-east is too cold, south-east not too warm, 
 North-west is too bold, south-west doth no harm. 
 Tusser. 
 
 The west wind always brings wet weather : 
 The east wind cold and wet together : 
 The south wind surely brings us rain : 
 The north wind blows it back again : 
 
WIND. 221 
 
 If the sun in red should set, 
 The next day surely will be wet : 
 If the sun should set in grey, 
 The next will be a rainy day. 
 
 North Wind. 
 A northern air 
 Brings weather fair. 
 
 The north wind drives away rain. Palestine. 
 
 Vent d' Albion 
 
 Vent de grelon. Rhone. 
 
 Sans le vent du nord 
 
 On labourerait avec des chevilles d'or. Tarn. 
 
 When the wind is in the north, 
 The skilful fisher goes not forth. 
 
 North-east Wind. 
 
 Quand il pleut a la bise 
 
 II pleut a sa guise. Haute Marne. 
 
 S'il pleut par la bise 
 
 II en tombe jusqu'a la chemise. Ain. 
 
 If it rains with a north-east wind (Cierzo), it rains 
 with a vengeance. Spain. 
 
 La tramontane 
 
 Ni bono ni sano. Gard. 
 
 A'bise directe point d'abri, 
 
 A'pauvre homme point d'ami. Vaucluse. 
 
 Si la bise ne s'arrete pas le troisieme jour, elle 
 court neuf jours. Ain. 
 
222 WIND. 
 
 So the Venetians say, 
 Quando bora se move 
 O uno o tre o cinque o sete o nove. 
 
 La bise 
 
 Est la nourriciere de la Bresse. Am. 
 
 Annee de bise annee de prise. -Jura. 
 
 North-east and South. 
 
 Vein ke djalle, bise ke dedjalle et fenna ke pou 
 
 parle, 
 
 San tre tsouze kon ne vai guero Walloon : 
 i.e., A south wind that freezes, a north-east wind that thaws, 
 
 and a woman who says little, are three things not often 
 
 met with. 
 
 Quand lou Contal tiro, 
 
 L'aouto sello et brido, 
 
 Et lou plouxal 
 
 Monto o xobal Lot : 
 
 i.e., Quand le vent du Cantal (north-east) souffle, 
 
 Le vent d'autan (south) selle et bride (gets 
 ready to blow) 
 
 Et le vent pluvieux 
 
 Monte a cheval. 
 
 Les bles grainent plus par le vent du nord est que 
 par le vent du sud. Yonne. 
 
 North-west, 
 
 Do business with men when the wind is in the 
 north-west. Yorkshire. 
 
 This, bringing the finest weather, is said to improve men's 
 tempers. 
 
WIND. 223 
 
 An honest man and a north-west wind generally go 
 to sleep together. 
 The north-west wind generally abates about sunset. 
 
 Vent d' Ardennes (north-west) 
 
 N'a jamais fait de bien en Lorraine. Vosges. 
 
 North and South. 
 
 On the north coast of Sicily, where the mountains are to the 
 south and the sea to the north, they say : 
 
 Quannu lu ventu veni di susu (*>., from above, 
 
 from the hills) 
 
 Vatti a' innlari 'ntra lu pirtusu : 
 Quannu lu ventu veni di mari (i.e., from the north) 
 Pigghia la truscia e vatinni a lavari. 
 
 Marin qui geale, 
 Aourou qui desgeale, 
 Fumou qui parlou latin 
 Fan maridou fin. 
 i.e., Vent du midi qui gele, 
 
 Vent du nord qui de'gele, 
 
 Femme qui parle latin, 
 
 Font mauvaise fin. Vauduse. 
 
 Vent du nord 
 Remplit le tre'sor ; 
 Vent du Midi 
 Le degarnit. Rhone. 
 
 Vent du nord tiede, 
 Vent du midi froid, 
 Mauvais presage. Vauchise. 
 
224 WIND. 
 
 South. 
 
 (Hot.) 
 " When ye see the south wind blow, ye say, There 
 
 will be heat ; and it coraeth to pass." S. Luke, 
 
 xii. 55- 
 L'autal, qu'on dit le droit vent, de'gelle comme eau 
 
 brouillant. 
 
 The south wind is the father of the poor. Ragusa. 
 The south wind warms the aged. Russia. 
 
 (Foggy.) 
 " Like foggy south, puffing with wind and rain."- 
 
 As you like it, act iii. sc. 5. 
 
 (Wet.) 
 
 When the wind is in the south, 
 It is in the rain's mouth. 
 A southerly wind with showers of rain, 
 Will bring the wind from west again. 
 
 (Wet and Warm.) 
 When the wind is in the south, 
 It blows the bait into the fish's mouth. 
 When the wind comes from the Danube, the 
 
 Danube (i.e., floods of rain) comes behind it. 
 
 Bohemia. 
 
 (Boisterous.) 
 " The southern wind 
 
 Doth play a trumpet to his (i.e., to the sun's) pur- 
 poses, 
 
 And by his hollow whistling in the -leaves, 
 Foretells a tempest and a blustering day." Henry 
 
 IV., Part I., act v. sc. i. 
 
WIND. 225 
 
 (Cold.) 
 Sudwind kalt 
 Wird selten drei Tage alt. Westphalia. 
 
 (In Spring and Autumn.) 
 L'autan du printemps 
 Derange le temps : 
 Celui de Fautomne 
 Un beau temps dorme. Artige. 
 
 Le vent marin, comme le gueux, porte toujours sa 
 gourde. Vaucluse. 
 
 South-east. 
 
 If a south-east wind bring rain, the latter is ex- 
 pected to last for some time. Scotland. 
 
 South-west. 
 
 La venessa o la spurca o la sneta Bergamo : 
 i.e., The south-west wind either clouds the sky or clears it. 
 
 Garbin garbin bardassa 
 
 Quelo che T trova el lassa Venetia ; 
 
 i.e., That rascal Garbin (the south-west wind), as he finds 
 
 us he leaves us. 
 That terrible Garbin stirs up the sea to its lowest 
 
 depths. Dalmatia. 
 
 On Lake Onega they say, 
 
 A south-west wind (Schelojnik) blowing on the 
 Onega is as bad as a highwayman. 
 
 " A south-west blow on ye 
 
 And blister ye all over." Tempest, act i. sc. 2. 
 
 "The southern wind," says Battman "upon Bar- 
 tholme, his booke ' De Proprietatibus rerum,' " 
 with which Shakespeare was well acquainted, " is 
 
226 WIND. 
 
 hot and moyst. Southern winds corrupt ' and 
 destroy : they heat and make men fall into sick- 
 nesse." Lib. xi. c. 3. 
 
 South-west and South-east. 
 Se ti vol veder el tempo fin, 
 A la sera siroco e la matina garbin Venetia : 
 i.e., If you wish to see fine weather, there must be in the 
 
 evening a south-east wind blowing, and in the morning a 
 
 south-west. 
 
 South and East. 
 Le solaire (east wind) 
 Pluie en 1'air : 
 Le grand vent (south wind) 
 La repand. Haute Saone. 
 
 East.* 
 
 Le vent du levant 
 Annonce le beau temps. Marne. 
 
 (Cold.) 
 
 Giazz porta de levant, 
 El dura tant ma tant Milan : 
 i.e., If an east wind brings frost, the frost will last a long time. 
 
 When the wind is in the east, 
 
 It's neither good for man nor beast. 
 
 (Wet.) 
 
 An easterly wind's rain 
 Makes fools fain. North of Ireland. 
 Easterly winds and rain 
 Bring cockles here from Spain. 
 
 * In Wales the east wind is called "The wind of the dead 
 men's feet," because the dead are buried with their feet towards 
 the east, to meet their Lord at His second coming. 
 
WIND. 227 
 
 When the rain is from the east, 
 
 It is for four-and-twenty hours at least. 
 
 Schwacher Ostwind begunstigt heitern Himmel, 
 wenn's aber bei Ostwind regnet, halt der Regen 
 gerne an. 
 
 (Clear.) 
 
 Everything looks large in the east wind. Scotland. 
 
 There are many local sayings in Scotland referring to the un- 
 usually clear appearance of certain mountains during an 
 east wind. It is said to indicate approaching rain. 
 
 East and West. 
 
 When the wind is in the east, 
 The fisher likes it least : 
 When the wind is in the west, 
 The fisher likes it best. 
 
 In Forfarshire, which lies on the east coast of Scotland, 
 with a long stretch of country intervening between its 
 borders and the opposite sea, they say, 
 
 When the carry (L e., the current of the cloucjs) 
 gaes west, 
 
 Guid weather is past : 
 
 When the carry gaes east, 
 
 Guid weather comes neist. 
 
 Wind vom Niedergang 
 1st Regens Aufgang : 
 Wind vom Aufgang 
 Schonen Wetters Aufgang. 
 
 West. 
 
 When the wind is in the west, 
 Then the weather's always best. 
 
228 PROGNOSTICS FROM ANIMALS. 
 
 The west wind is a gentleman, and goes to bed 
 (i.e., drops in the evening). 
 
 (Wet.) 
 
 Wind west 
 
 Rains nest. Devonshire. 
 
 A western wind carries water in his hand. 
 
 Veering. 
 
 When the wind veers against the sun, 
 Trust it not, for back 'twill run. 
 
 A west wind north about 
 Never long holds out Northumberland : 
 That is, a wind which goes round from east to west, " wither- 
 shins," or contrary to the course of the sun, rarely con- 
 tinues. 
 
 If the wind follows the sun's course, expect fine 
 weather. 
 
 So the Germans say, 
 
 Wenn der Wind der Sonne folgt, so bleibt es einige 
 Tage gutes Wetter. 
 
 PROGNOSTICS FROM ANIMALS. 
 
 Asses. 
 
 Wenn der Esel beim Austreiben aus dem Stalle die 
 Nase in der Hohe streckt, und tiichtig die 
 Ohren schiittelt, so Sind Regen und Gewitter zu 
 ervvarten. 
 
PROGNOSTICS FROM ANIMALS. 22Q 
 
 If asses hang their ears downward and forward, and 
 rub against walls, rain is approaching. 
 
 If asses bray more frequently than usual, it fore- 
 shows rain. 
 
 Hark ! I hear the asses bray. 
 
 We shall have some rain to-day. Rutland. 
 
 It is time to stack your hay and corn, 
 When the old donkey blows his horn. 
 
 Wenn oft die Esel schreien, kommt schlechtes 
 Wetter. Tyrol. 
 
 Quand che 1'asen 1'ascolta 
 
 El temp se volta : 
 
 Quand 1'asen el straniida 
 
 El temp se miida Bergamo : 
 
 i.e., When asses prick up their ears, it is a sign that there will 
 
 be a change in the weather : so also is it when they 
 
 sneeze. 
 
 Bats. 
 
 Bats, or flying mice, coming out of their holes 
 quickly after sunset, and sporting themselves 
 in the open air, premonstrates fair and calm 
 weather. Wilsford. 
 
 It will rain if bats cry much or fly into the house. 
 
 Bulls. 
 
 If the bull lead the van in going to pasture, rain 
 must be expected ; but if he is careless and allow 
 the cows to precede him, the weather will be 
 uncertain. 
 
230 PROGNOSTICS FROM ANIMALS. 
 
 Cats. 
 
 When cats sneeze it is a sign of rain. 
 
 Cats are observed to scratch the wall or a post 
 before wind, and to wash their faces before a 
 thaw : they sit with their backs to the fire before 
 snow. 
 
 Quand le chat se frotte 1'oreille 
 
 C'est le temps vif qui se reveille. Herault. 
 
 Quand el gat se frega i orecc 
 
 Speta 1'aqua che vegn a secc Milan ; 
 
 i.e., When the cat scratches her ear it will rain very soon. 
 
 When cats wipe their jaws with their feet it is a 
 sign of rain. 
 
 Quand lou cat passe la patte sur la teste, 
 Benleon (bientot) fara tempeste. Basses Alpes. 
 
 In Southey's Travels in Spain, we read, 
 " The old woman promised him a fine day to- 
 morrow, because the cat's skin looked bright." 
 
 " Sailors, I am informed on the authority of a naval 
 officer, have a great dislike to see the cat, on 
 board ship, unusually playful and frolicsome : 
 such an event, they consider, prognosticates a 
 storm : and they have a saying on these occa- 
 sions that 'the cat has a gale of wind in her 
 tail.'" Brand, iii. 188. 
 
 Cows. 
 
 Kommen die Kuh' Abends lang nicht nach Haus, 
 kommt am folgenden Tag schlechtes Wetter. 
 Tyrol. 
 
PROGNOSTICS FROM ANIMALS. 231 
 
 If cattle turn up their nostrils and sniff the air, or 
 if they lick their fore feet, or lie on their right 
 side, it will rain. 
 So the Venetians say, 
 
 Co la vaca tien su'l muso, 
 
 Bruto tempo salta suso. 
 
 Quand les betes a cornes rentrent a 1'etable la 
 queue en trompette, c'est signe d'orage: quand 
 elles agitent leurs pieds de derriere, c'est signe 
 de neige. Ariege. 
 
 If cattle or sheep crowd together, rain will follow. 
 
 Dogs. 
 
 When dogs eat grass it will be rainy. 
 
 If dogs roll on the ground, and scratch, or become 
 drowsy and stupid, it is a sign of rain. 
 
 In Robert! Keuchenii Crepundia,' p. 211, the following 
 
 lines occur : 
 
 " Praescia ventorum, se volvit odora canum vis : 
 Numine difflatur pulveris instar homo." 
 
 Chien qui se roule, annonce du vent : 
 S'il mange de 1'herbe, il pleuvra. Morbihan. 
 Wenn die Hunde den Mond anbellen, folgt strenge 
 Kalte. 
 
 Goats. 
 
 Goats leave the high grounds and seek shelter 
 before a storm. Scotland. 
 
 If goats and sheep quit their pastures with reluct- 
 ance, it will rain the next day. 
 
232 PROGNOSTICS FROM ANIMALS. 
 
 Hares. 
 
 Hares take to the open country before a snow-storm. 
 
 Scotland. 
 Wenn der Hase im Herbst einen ungewohnlich 
 
 dicken Pelz hat, dann giebt es einen harten 
 
 Winter. 
 
 Hedgehog. 
 
 In Bodenham's Belvedere, or Garden of the Muses, 8vo, 
 
 Lond. 1600, p. 153, we read, , 
 " As hedgehogs doe foresee ensuing stormes, 
 So wise men are for fortune still prepared." 
 
 And in Poor Robin's Almanack for 1733, occur the follow- 
 ing lines : 
 " Observe which way the hedgehog builds her 
 
 nest, 
 
 To front the north or south, or east or west : 
 For if 'tis true that common people say, 
 The wind will blow the quite contrary way; 
 If by some secret art the hedgehogs know, 
 So long before, which way the winds will blow, 
 She has an art to which many a person lacks, 
 That thinks himself fit to make almanacks." 
 
 Horses. 
 
 If horses stretch out their necks and sniff the air, 
 rain will ensue. 
 
 Mice. 
 
 If mice run about more than usual, wet weather 
 may be expected. 
 
 Wenn die Mause im Herbste hoch aufwerfen, 
 kommt ein schwerer Winter. 
 
PROGNOSTICS FROM ANIMALS. 233 
 
 Moles. 
 
 Moles plying their works, in undermining the 
 earth, foreshows rain : but if they do foresake 
 their trenches and creep above ground, in sum- 
 mer time it is a sign of hot weather ; but when 
 on a suddain they doe forsake the valleys and 
 low grounds, it foreshows a flood neer at hand ; 
 but their coming into meddows presages fair 
 weather, and for certain no floods. Wilsford. 
 
 Wenn der Maulwurf die Erde aufwirt, wird 
 schlechtes Wetter. 
 
 Pigs. 
 
 Hogs crying and running unquietly up and down 
 with hay or litter in their mouths, foreshadows a 
 storm to be neer at hand. Wilsford. 
 
 Eats. 
 If rats are more restless than usual, rain is at hand. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 If sheep gambol and fight, or retire to shelter, it 
 presages a change in the weather. 
 
 Si les moutons dan sent, signe de vent : 
 
 S'ils restent couches, signe de pluie. HautRfiin. 
 
 Old sheep are said to eat greedily before a storm, 
 and sparingly before a thaw; when they leave 
 the high grounds and bleat much in the evening 
 and during the night, severe weather is expected. 
 In winter, when they feed down the hill, a snow- 
 storm is looked for; when they feed up the burn, 
 wet weather is near. Scotland. 
 
234 PROGNOSTICS FROM BIRDS. 
 
 Weasels. 
 
 If these animals are seen running about much in 
 the forenoon, it foretells rain in the after part of 
 the day. Scotland. 
 
 Wolves. 
 
 Heulen die Wolfe und bellen die Fuchse, so 
 kommt noch grossere Kalte. Saubia. 
 
 Cats, Dogs, and Hens. 
 D'hanen, katten en de honden 
 Zoo mein dikwils heeft gewonden, 
 Zeggen't weer van dag tot dag, 
 Beter als den Almanack. Flemish. 
 
 PROGNOSTICS FROM BIRDS. 
 
 iryoso&i rig ati ruv ogviQtov ^avrguo/Asyw wsgi rou 
 vuv] ,aj} crXsi, %si{Auv sffraf \>vvi crXfi, x'eedo$ sv 
 
 Aristophanes : Aves, 1. 597. 
 
 Bittern. 
 Wenn die Rohrdommel zeitig gehort wird, hofft 
 
 man auf eine gute Ernte. 
 
 Blackbirds. 
 
 When the voices of blackbirds are unusually shrill, 
 or when blackbirds- sing much in the morning, 
 rain will follow. 
 
 Cranes. 
 
 If cranes appear in autumn early, a severe winter is 
 expected. 
 
 " Cranes, soaring aloft and quietly in the air, fore- 
 
PROGNOSTICS FROM BIRDS. 235 
 
 shows fair weather: but if they make much 
 noise, as consulting which way to go, it foreshows 
 a storm that's neer at hand." Wilsford, p. 133, 
 who seems to have taken this from ' Dialogue of 
 Dives and Pauper,' fol. 1493, first precepte, 
 46th chapter. 
 
 Wenn die Kraniche voriiberziehen, kommt Wind 
 oder Regen. 
 
 So the Italians say, 
 Co le grue passa o vento o aqua. 
 
 Cuckoo. 
 
 Hesiod mentions the singing of a bird which he 
 calls xuxxug, as foreboding three days' rain. 
 
 Si lou cougou cante a 1'ubac, pluie de man ouras : 
 Si cante a 1'adrech, beou temps aoures Basses 
 
 Alpes: 
 i.e., Si le coucou chante au nord, pluie au lende- 
 
 main : 
 S'il chante au midi, beau temps. 
 
 Wenn der Kukuk zu den Hausern fliegt, wird 
 schlechtes Wetter. 
 
 Dotterel. 
 
 When dotterel do first appear, 
 
 It showes that frost is very near : 
 
 But when that dotterel do go, 
 
 Then you may look for heavy snow. Wiltshire. 
 
 Ducks. 
 
 When ducks are driving through the burn, 
 That night the weather takes a turn. Scotland. 
 
236 PROGNOSTICS FROM BIRDS. 
 
 If ducks fly backwards and forwards, and continu- 
 ally plunge in water and wash themselves in- 
 cessantly, wet weather will ensue. 
 So the French and Italian proverbs, 
 
 Quand les canards battent de Taile dans le ruis- 
 seau, 
 
 Bientot le laboureur aura de 1'eau. -Jura. 
 
 Se salten i anedot e vosen aqua, 
 
 Aqua, aqua, aqua, la ven siibet 1'aqua. Milan. 
 
 Finches. 
 
 Wenn die Finken sich ganz friith vor Sonnenauf- 
 gang horen lassen, verkiinden sich nahen Regen. 
 
 The plaintive note of the "shilfa" or "sheely " (chaffinch) 
 is interpreted as a sign of rain. When, therefore, the 
 boys hear it, they first imitate it, and then rhymingly 
 refer to the expected consequences : 
 
 Weet-weet ! 
 
 Dreep-dreep ! 
 
 Fowls (eating grass). 
 
 Wenn die Hennen Gras fressen, kommt Regen. 
 Tyrol. 
 
 (Rolling.) 
 
 If fowls roll in the sand, 
 Rain is at hand. 
 
 (Grubbing.) 
 If fowls grub in the dust, it indicates coming 
 
 rain. 
 
 So the Milanese say, 
 Se riispa pii del solit la gaina 
 No tarda Faqua pii de domatina. 
 
PROGNOSTICS FROM BIRDS. 237 
 
 (Drooping feathers.) 
 If fowls' wings droop, rain is at hand. 
 
 So the German proverb, 
 Wenn die Hiihner die Schwanze hangen lassen, 
 
 giebt es viel Regen. 
 
 (Cock-crowing at unusual hours.) 
 If cocks crow late and early, clapping their wings 
 unusually, rain is expected. 
 
 So the German and Italian proverbs, 
 Wenn die Hahne in ungewohnlichen Stunden 
 krahen, und die Hiihner fruher Kakeln, wird's 
 Regen geben fur den Tag. 
 
 Quando'l galo canta in cortivo (fowl-yard), 
 El tempo, se 1'ebon, se fa cativo : 
 Quando'l galo canta a mason (hen-roost) 
 Se'l tempo 1'e cativo, el se fa bon. Venetia. 
 
 Quando il gallo canto al pollaio (poultry-yard), 
 Aspetta 1'aqua sotto il grondaio. Tuscany. 
 
 Se el gel canta de stresura (at unusual hours) 
 
 Se 1'esere el se snigola (grows cloudy). Bergamo. 
 
 Quannu canta lu gaddu fora ura, 
 
 A cangiari lu tempu 'un addimura. Sicily. 
 
 (Cock-crowing in the evening.) 
 If the cock goes crowing to bed, 
 He'll certainly rise with a watery head. 
 
 The French say, 
 Si le coq chante au soir 
 La pluie lui court au derriere. Gironde. 
 
238 PROGNOSTICS FROM BIRDS. 
 
 The Tyrolese, 
 Wenn der Hahn noch Abends kraht, es gibt 
 
 Regen. 
 
 (Cock drinking in summer.) 
 Quand en este le haut coq boit 
 La pluie soudain vient et paroist. 
 
 Quand el gal el bev d'esta 
 
 Spetta on po che'l piovera. Milan. 
 
 (Pluming themselves.) 
 Quand i gai se vol becks, 
 El temp l'e sul cambiass. Bergamo. 
 
 (Straying from home.) 
 
 Wenn die Hennen weit vom Stalle sich entfernen, 
 naht schlechtes Wetter. 
 
 (Crowding into house.) 
 
 If a hen and chickens crowd into a house, it is a 
 sign of rain. 
 
 Si, quand il pleut, les poules vont a 1'abri, 
 Dites que la pluie s'en va finie : 
 Si elles restent dehors et se laissent mouiller, 
 Ne pensez pas que la pluie va cesser. Cote d'Or. 
 
 (Moulting.) 
 
 If the cock moult before the hen, 
 We shall have weather thick and thin : 
 But if the hen moult before the cock, 
 We shall have weather as hard as a block. 
 
 Fulmar. 
 
 Pennant in his Zoology informs us that if the ful- 
 
PROGNOSTICS FROM BIRDS. 239 
 
 mar (Procellaria glacialis) seek land, it is a sign 
 to the inhabitants of St Kilda that the west wind 
 is far off. 
 
 Geese. 
 
 The quaint author of * A strange Metamorphosis of Man 
 transformed into a Wildernesse, deciphered in Characters,' 
 1634, I2mo, Lond., speaking of the goose, says 
 
 " She is no witch, or astrologer, to divine by the 
 starres, but yet hath a shrewd guesse of rainie 
 weather, being as good as an almanack to some 
 that believe in her." 
 
 " The offspring or alliance of the Capitolian guard, 
 when they do make a gaggling in the air more 
 than usual, or seem to fight, being over-greedy 
 at their meat, expect then cold and winterly 
 weather." Wilsford, p. 132. 
 
 Wenn die Ganse auf einem Fusse stehen, giebt's 
 Regen. 
 
 Guinea-fowl. 
 
 This bird is called the "comeback" in Norfolk, 
 and regarded as the invoker of rain. It often 
 continues clamorous throughout the whole of 
 rainy days. 
 
 Gulls. 
 
 Sea-gull, sea-gull, sit on the sand, 
 It's never good weather while you're on the land. 
 Scotland. 
 
 " In Forfarshire, when sea-gulls appear in the 
 fields, a storm from the south-east generally 
 
240 PROGNOSTICS FROM BIRDS. 
 
 follows and when the storm begins to abate, 
 they fly back to the shore." Sir J. Sinclair's 
 Statistical Account of Scotland, iii. 478. 
 
 " During the whole year, the sea-gulls, commonly 
 called in this parish (Holywood, Dumfriesshire) 
 sea-maws, occasionally come from the Sol way 
 Frith to this part of the country : their arrival 
 seldom fails of being followed by a high wind 
 and heavy rain from the south-west within 
 twenty-four hours : and they return to the Frith 
 again as soon as the storm begins to abate."- 
 Ibid., i. 32. 
 
 When sea-gulls fly out early and far to seaward, 
 moderate winds and fair weather maybe expected. 
 
 " Sea-maws, early in the morning making a gaggling 
 more than ordinary, foretoken stormy and blus- 
 tering weather." Wilsford, p. 134. 
 
 Heron. 
 
 When the heron flies low, the air is gross and 
 thickening into showers. 
 
 " Herons in the evening flying up and down, as if 
 doubtful where to rest, presages some evill ap- 
 proaching weather." Wilsfordj p. 133. 
 
 Wenn der Fischreiber das Wasser aufpflugt, holt 
 er Wasser. 
 
 Jackdaw. 
 
 When three daws are seen on St Peter's vane to- 
 gether, 
 Then we're sure to have bad weather. Norwich. 
 
PROGNOSTICS FROM BIRDS. 241 
 
 "Jackdaws, if they come late home from foraging, 
 presages some cold or ill weather neer at hand, 
 and likewise when they are seen much alone." 
 Wilsford, p. 133. 
 
 Kingfisher. 
 
 In Wild's ' Iter Boreale ' we read : 
 " The peaceful kingfishers are met together 
 About the decks, and prophesie calm weather." 
 See also on December 14. 
 
 Sir Thomas Browne, in his ' Vulgar Errors,' book iii. 
 
 chap. 10, declares 
 
 " That a kingfisher, hanged by the bill, showeth 
 us what quarter the wind is, by an occult and 
 secret propriety, converting the breast to that 
 point of the horizon from whence the blow, is a 
 received opinion, and very strange introducing 
 natural weathercocks, and extending magnetical 
 positions as far as animal natures ; a conceit 
 supported chiefly by present practice, yet not 
 made out by reason or experience." 
 
 Kites. 
 
 If kites fly high, fair weather is at hand. 
 
 Larks. 
 If larks fly high and sing long, expect fine weather. 
 
 So the Germans say, 
 Wenn die Lerche hoch fliegt und lange hoch oben 
 
 singt, so verkundigt sie schones Wetter. 
 
 Magpies. 
 
 Sir Humphry Davy in ' Salmonia ' says that 
 <{ For anglers in spring it is always unlucky to see 
 single magpies ; but two may always be regarded 
 Q 
 
242 PROGNOSTICS FROM BIRDS. 
 
 as a favourable omen : and the reason is, that in 
 cold and stormy weather one magpie alone 
 leaves the nest in search of food, the other re- 
 maining sitting upon the eggs or the young ones ; 
 but when two go out together, it is only when 
 the weather is mild and warm, and favourable 
 for fishing." 
 
 Cant les agassos faou bas Hour niou, 
 Trouno souben penden lestiou Tarn: 
 i.e., Quand les pies font bas leur nid, 
 II tonne souvent pendant Fete. 
 
 Migratory Birds. 
 
 Siehst du fremde Wandervogel 
 So wird's kalt nach alter Regel. 
 
 When great abundance of winter migratory birds, 
 and particularly fieldfares, arrive early, they 
 usually forebode a hard winter : and the same 
 prognostic of severe weather is to be inferred 
 from the early or numerous migration of wild 
 geese, wild ducks, and other winter fowls. 
 
 Marsh Harriers. 
 
 It is said in Wiltshire that the marsh harriers or 
 dunpickles (Circus rufus) alight in great num- 
 bers on the downs before rain. 
 
 Owls. 
 If owls scream during bad weather, there will be a 
 
 change. 
 
 So the Italians say, 
 Quand la scigueta cria 
 El temp brut el scapa via. 
 
PROGNOSTICS FROM BIRDS. 243 
 
 And the French, 
 
 Quand les chouettes chantent le soir, signe de beau 
 temps. 
 
 " Owls whooping after sunset, and in the night, 
 foreshows a fair day to ensue ; but if she names 
 herself in French (Huette), expect then fickle and 
 inconstant weather, but most usually rain." 
 Wilsf&rdy p. 134. 
 
 When owls whoop much at night, expect fair wea- 
 ther. Sussex. 
 
 Peacock. 
 
 When the peacock loudly bawls, 
 Soon we'll have both rain and squalls. 
 
 If peacocks cry in the night, there is rain to fall. 
 
 Petrel. 
 
 The stormy petrel presages bad weather, and gives 
 sailors notice of the approach of a tempest, by 
 collecting under the sterns of the ships. 
 
 Pigeons. 
 
 If pigeons return home slowly, the weather will be 
 wet. 
 
 Wenn die Tauben baden, bedeutet's Regen. 
 
 Ptarmigan. 
 
 The frequently repeated cry of the ptarmigan low 
 down on the mountains during frost and snow, 
 indicates more snow and continued cold. 
 Scotland. 
 
244 PROGNOSTICS FROM BIRDS. 
 
 Quail. 
 
 Plus la cattle carcaille, 
 
 Plus chere est la semaille. Ille et Vilainc. 
 
 Autant de fois chante la caille a son retour, 
 Autant de francs vaudra la mesure de ble'. Nievre. 
 
 Raven. 
 If ravens croak three or four times and flap their 
 
 wings, fine weather is expected. 
 
 The Poles say, 
 If the raven croaks expect rain. 
 
 In Scotland it is believed that if the raven cries first in the 
 morning, it will be a good day ; if the rook, the reverse ; 
 hence the proverb : 
 
 The corbie said unto the craw, 
 
 " Johnnie, fling your plaid awa' : " 
 
 The craw says unto the corbie, 
 
 "Johnnie, fling your plaid about ye." 
 
 Robins. 
 
 If robins are seen near houses it is a sign of rain. 
 
 The familiar habits of the redbreast have occasioned 
 it to be distinguished by a peculiar name in 
 many countries : about Bornholm it is called 
 Tomi Liden ; in Norway, Peter Ronsmad ; 
 in Germany, Thomas Gierdet; and with us 
 Robin Redbreast or Ruddock. 
 
 Rooks. 
 
 Corvus aquat. Erasmus. 
 
 When rooks seem to drop in their flight, as if 
 pierced by a shot, it is considered to foretell 
 rain. 
 
PROGNOSTICS FROM BIRDS. 245 
 
 The low flight of rooks indicates rain. If they feed 
 busily, and hurry over the ground in one direction, 
 and in a compact body, a storm will soon follow. 
 When they sit in rows on dykes and palings, 
 wind is looked for; when going home to roost, 
 if they fly high, the next day will be fair, and 
 vice versa. In autumn and winter, if after feed- 
 ing in the morning they return to the rookery 
 and hang about it, rain is to be expected. 
 Scotland. 
 
 Quand 1'agraule passe bas, 
 
 Debat Tale porte lou glas : 
 
 Quand passe haut, 
 
 Porte lou quant Gironde: 
 
 i.e., Quand le corbeau passe bas, 
 
 Sous 1'aile il porte la glace : 
 
 Quand il passe haut, 
 
 II porte la chaleur. 
 
 When rooks fly sporting high in air, 
 It shows that windy storms are near. 
 
 If rooks stay at home, or return in the middle of 
 the day, it will rain ; if they go far abroad, it 
 will be fine. Devonshire. 
 
 Snipes. 
 
 The drumming of the snipe in the air indicates dry 
 weather and frost at night to the shepherds of 
 Garrow. Scotland. 
 
 Sparrows. 
 
 If sparrows chirp a great deal, wet weather will ensue. 
 
246 PROGNOSTICS FROM BIRDS. 
 
 Starlings. 
 
 If starlings and crows congregate together in large 
 numbers, expect rain. 
 
 Swallows. 
 If swallows touch the water as they fly, rain 
 
 approaches. 
 
 Identical are the French, Italian, and German sayings, 
 
 viz., 
 
 Quind ches arondelles volent a tierre, 
 Adui la poussiere. Nord. 
 
 Le rundane die ula a bass 
 L'e segnal d'iin gran slaass. 
 
 Wenn die Schwalben niedrig fliegen, und hin und 
 her auf der Oberflache der Erde und des Wassers 
 hinfahren, so hat man Regen oder Gewitter zu 
 erwarten. 
 
 So Gay, in his first Pastoral, writes, 
 " When swallows fleet soar high and sport in air, 
 He told us that the welkin would be clear." 
 
 Swans, 
 
 In Sir John Sinclair's Statistical Account of Scotland, x. 
 14, parish of Wick, co. Caithness, the minister, speak- 
 ing of the swans which periodically visit the lochs 
 there, says, 
 
 "They are remarkable prognosticators of the 
 weather, and much relied on as such by the 
 farmer." 
 
 If the swan flies against the wind, it is a certain in- 
 
PROGNOSTICS FROM BIRDS. 247 
 
 dication of a hurricane within twenty-four hours, 
 generally within twelve. Athenceum, iii. 229. 
 
 When the white swan visits the Orkneys, expect a 
 severe winter. 
 
 The Russians say, 
 " The swan brings snow on her beak." 
 
 Thrush. 
 
 Le chant de la grive annonce la neige. Ariege. 
 
 Quand on entend la grive chanter, 
 Cherche la maison pour t'abriter, 
 Ou du bois pour te chauffer. Dordogne. 
 The missel-thrush or storm-cock sings loud and 
 long before rain. 
 
 Titmouse. 
 
 " The titmouse foretells cold, if crying Pincher." 
 Wilsford, p. 132. 
 
 Wild Geese. 
 
 In Morayshire, they say, 
 
 Wild geese, wild geese, ganging to the sea, 
 Good weather it will be. 
 Wild geese, wild geese, ganging to the hill, 
 The weather it will spill. 
 
 Woodpecker. 
 
 "The woodpecker's cry denotes wet." "Wils- 
 ford. 
 The dirt-bird sings, and we shall have rain. 
 
 Lorsque le pivert crie 
 
 II annonce la pluie. Eure et Loire. 
 
248 PROGNOSTICS FROM FISH. 
 
 Co'l pigozzo per aria'l cria, 
 
 La borasca ne vien via (/.&, is coming on us). 
 Venetia. 
 
 Quand el picozz picozza (taps) 
 
 O che 1'e vent, o che 1'e gozza (rain). Milan. 
 
 Wren. 
 
 " Manx .herring-fishers dare not go to sea without 
 one of these birds taken dead with them, for fear 
 of storms." Scottish Gallovidian Encyclopedia, 
 P- 157- 
 
 PROGNOSTICS FROM FISH. 
 
 Fishes rise more than usual at the approach of 
 a storm. In some parts of England they are 
 said not to bite so well before rain. 
 
 Quand i pes i noda a gala (swim at the top of the 
 
 water), 
 L'e che 1'aqua che no fala. Bergamo. 
 
 Carp. 
 
 Quando nel fosso salta la scardola, piova. 
 Corresponding with the previous proverb. Venice. 
 
 Cockles. 
 
 " Cockles and most shell-fish are observed against 
 a tempest to have gravil sticking hard unto their 
 shells, as a providence of nature to stay or poise 
 themselves, and to help weigh them down, if 
 
 \ raised from the bottome by the surges." Wils- 
 ford, p. 136. 
 
PROGNOSTICS FROM FISH. 249 
 
 Cuttles. 
 
 " Cuttles with their many legs swimming on the top 
 of the water, and striving to be above the waves, 
 do presage a storm, offended with the meteor, 
 and the disturbed waters in the deep." Wilsford, 
 P- 135- 
 
 Dolphins. 
 
 " Dolphines in fair and calm weather persuing one 
 another, as one of their waterish pastimes, fore- 
 shows wind, and from that part whence they 
 fetch their frisks j but if they play thus when the 
 seas are rough and troubled, it is a sign of fair 
 and calm weather to ensue." Wilsford, p. 135. 
 
 Pike. 
 
 1st die Hechtsleber, nach dem Gallenblaschen zu, 
 breit, nach vorn zu aber spitzig, so gibt es einen 
 hart en langen Winter. Rhine. 
 
 Porpoises. 
 
 When porpoises swim to windward, foul weather 
 will ensue within twelve hours. 
 
 " Porpoises, or Sea- Hogs, when observed to sport, 
 and chase one another about ships, expect then 
 some stormy weather." Wilsford, p. 135. 
 
 In ' Canterbury Guests, or a Bargain Broken,' a comedy, by 
 
 Ravenscroft, 4to, p. 24, we read : 
 " My heart begins to leap, and play like a porpice 
 
 before a storm." 
 
 Sea-Urchins. 
 
 "Sea-urchins thrusting themselves into the mud, 
 
250 PROGNOSTICS FROM REPTILES, ETC. 
 
 or striving to cover their bodies with sand, fore- 
 shows a storm ; for the windy exhalations disturb 
 the lowest waters first, in the bottome of the sea, 
 which makes the other fishes rise and trust in 
 their swimming ; and the Urchin unapt for that, 
 and fearing to be hurried away with the tumul- 
 tuous waves, gets neer the shore, and there stays 
 itself by creeping into the earth." Wilsford, 
 p. 136. 
 
 Trout. 
 
 Wenn die Forellen friih laichen, gibt es viel Schnee. 
 
 PROGNOSTICS FROM REPTILES, ETC. 
 
 Frogs. 
 
 Quando le rane canta, el tempo se cambia. 
 Venetia. 
 
 Quand les grenouilles chantent le soir, signe de beau 
 temps. 
 
 When frogs croak much it is a sign of rain. 
 
 Wenn die Laubfrosche knarren 
 Magst du auf Regen harren. 
 
 Co canta la rana 
 
 Piova e brentana. Venetia. 
 
 Quand les grenouilles coassent 
 
 Point de gelees ne menacent. Haute Saone. 
 
 If frogs make a noise in the time of cold rain, 
 warm dry weather will follow. 
 
PROGNOSTICS FROM REPTILES, ETC. 25 1 
 
 If frogs, instead of yellow, appear russet-green, it 
 will presently rain. 
 
 When frogs spawn in the middle of the water it is 
 a sign of drought ; and when at the side, it fore- 
 tells a wet summer. Scotland. 
 So the Germans say, 
 
 Liegt der Froschlaich im Friihjahr im tiefen Wasser, 
 so folgt ein trockener warmer Sommer : liegt er 
 aber am Ufer oder nur wenig im Wasser, so 
 kommt ein nasser Sommer. 
 
 Glow-worm. 
 
 When the glow-worm lights her lamp, 
 The air is always damp. 
 
 If glow-worms shine much, it will rain : 
 
 But, on the contrary, 
 Wenn die Johannis-wiirmchen ungewohnlich leuch- 
 
 ten und glanzen, kann man sicher auf schones. 
 
 Wetter rechnen. Lassen siesich bis zum Johan- 
 
 nistage nicht sehen, so ist das ein Zeichen kalter 
 
 unfreundlicher Witterung. 
 
 Leech. 
 
 A leech confined in a bottle of water is always 
 agitated when a change of weather is about to 
 take place. Before high winds it moves about 
 with much celerity. Previous to slight rain or 
 snow it creeps to the top of the bottle, but soon 
 sinks j but, if the rain or wind is likely to be of 
 long duration, the leech remains a longer time at 
 the surface. If thunder approaches, the leech 
 
252 PROGNOSTICS FROM REPTILES, ETC. 
 
 starts about in an agitated and convulsive 
 manner. 
 
 Snails. 
 
 When black snails cross your path, 
 Black clouds much moisture hath. 
 
 Wenn die Gartenschnecken, Schleimschnecken 
 haufig auf den Beeten und in den Wegen sich 
 finden, so deutet es auf Gewitterregen. 
 
 Wenn die Schnecke ein grimes Blatt mitftihrt, 
 
 Es gewiss gutes Wetter wird : 
 
 Beladet sie sich mit Grund, 
 
 Thut sie starken Regen kund. Eifel. 
 
 Snailie, snailie, shoot out your horn, 
 
 And tell us if it will be a bonny day the morn. 
 
 Snakes. 
 
 Rain is foretold by the appearance and activity of 
 snakes. 
 
 Toads. 
 
 If toads come out of their holes in great numbers, 
 rain will fall soon. 
 
 Saute crapaud, 
 
 Nous aurons de Teau. Haute Loire. 
 
 Quand che canta el sciat (toad) 
 El temp voi fa de mat Milan : 
 i.e.. The croaking of toads is a sign of rain. 
 
 Worms. 
 
 If many earth-worms appear, it presages rain. 
 
PROGNOSTICS FROM INSECTS, ETC, 253 
 
 PROGNOSTICS FROM INSECTS, ETC. 
 
 Ants. 
 
 " The commonwealth of emmets, when busied with 
 their eggs, and in ordering their state affairs at 
 home, it presages a storm at hand, or some foul 
 weather ; but when Nature seems to stupifie their 
 little bodies, and disposes them to rest, causing 
 them to withdraw into their caverns, least their 
 industry should engage them by the inconveni- 
 ency of the season, expect then some foul and 
 winterly weather." Wilsford, p. 131. 
 
 Wenn die Ameisen sich verkriechen 
 Werden wir Regen kriegen. Palatinate. 
 
 Le formighe in processiu 
 
 Le promet tin aquariu. Bergamo. 
 
 Bees. 
 
 When many bees enter the hive and none leave it, 
 rain is near. 
 
 If bees stay at home, 
 Rain will soon come : 
 If they fly away, 
 Fine will be the day. 
 
 And so in Georgia iv. 191-194, we find the following lines : 
 " Nec vero a stabulis pluvia impendente recedunt 
 
 Longuis, aut credunt coelo adventantibus euris ; 
 
 Sed circum tutse sub moenibus urbis aquantur, 
 
 Excursusque breves ten tan t." 
 
254 PROGNOSTICS FROM INSECTS, ETC. 
 
 A bee was never caught in a shower. 
 
 A swarm of bees in May 
 Is worth a load of hay : 
 A swarm of bees in June 
 Is worth a silver spoon : 
 A swarm in July 
 Is not worth a fly. 
 The Germans say, 
 Ein Bienenschwarm im Mai 
 1st werth ein Fuder Heu : 
 Aber ein Schwarm im Juni 
 Der lohnet kaum die Muhe. 
 
 Beetles. 
 
 Before rain beetles are more troublesome than 
 usual. 
 
 The clock-beetle, which flies about in the summer 
 evenings in a circular direction, with a loud 
 buzzing noise, is said to foretell a fine day. It 
 was consecrated by the Egyptians to the sun. 
 
 A long-bodied beetle is called in Bedfordshire the 
 rain-beetle, on account of its always appearing 
 before rain. 
 
 Crickets. 
 
 When crickets chirp unusually, rain is expected. 
 
 In White's ' Selborne,' that writer, speaking of crickets, 
 
 says, 
 " They are the housewife's barometer, foretelling 
 
 her when it will rain." 
 
PROGNOSTICS FROM INSECTS, ETC. 255 
 
 Flies. 
 
 If flies cling much to the ceilings, or disappear, 
 rain may be expected. 
 
 " Flies in the spring or summer season," says Wils- 
 ford, " if they grow busier or blinder than at 
 other times, or that they are observed to shroud 
 themselves in warm places, expect then quickly 
 for to follow, either hail, cold storms of rain, 
 or very much wet weather; and if those little 
 creatures are noted early in autumn to repair 
 unto their winter quarters, it presages frosty 
 mornings, cold storms, with the approach of 
 hoary winter. Atoms, or little flies, swarming 
 together and sporting themselves in the sun- 
 beams, is a good omen of fair weather." 
 
 Gnats. 
 
 If gnats play up and down, it is a sign of heat; but 
 if in the shade, it presages mild showers : if they 
 collect in the evening before sunset and form a 
 vortex or column, fine weather will follow ; while 
 if they sting much, it is held to be an unfailing 
 indication of rain. 
 
 Wenn die Miicken tanzen, giebt's schon Wetter. 
 Tyrol. 
 
 Quand se sent a mord i mosch 
 
 I giornat se meten fosch Milan : 
 
 i.e., Gnats biting much indicate a change in the weather. 
 
 Ladybird. 
 
 Kaferl', Kaferl', Kaferl', 
 
256 PROGNOSTICS FROM INSECTS, ETC. 
 
 Flieg nach Mariabrunn, 
 
 Und bring uns a schone Sun. Vienna. 
 
 With reference to this children's rhyme, Chambers says, 
 
 " Mariabrunn is a place about twelve English miles 
 from the Austrian capital, with a miracle-working 
 image of the Virgin, who often sends good 
 weather to the merry Viennese. The ladybird 
 is always connected with fine weather in Ger- 
 many." Popular Rhymes, p. 202. 
 
 Spiders. 
 
 Wenn grosseSpinnen herumkriechen, kommt binnen 
 drei Tagen Regen. Tyrol. 
 
 " Spiders creep out of their holes and narrow recep- 
 tacles against wind or rain; Minerva having 
 made them sensible of an approaching storm."- 
 Wilsford, p. 131. 
 
 If garden spiders forsake their cobwebs, rain is at 
 hand. 
 
 Quando i ragni destende la lissia, bon tempo. 
 
 Venetia. 
 
 When you see gossamer flying, 
 Be sure the air is drying. 
 
 " Multytute of spynners is token of moche reyne." 
 Bartolomaus, Deproprietatibus rerum : Lib. xviii., 
 fol. 314- 
 
 Wasps. 
 
 " Wasps and hornets biting more eagerly than 
 they use to do, is a sign of rainy weather."- 
 Wilsford, p. 135. 
 
PROGNOSTICS FROM TREES, ETC. 257 
 
 Larva of Cicada. 
 
 It is easy to foretell what sort of summer it would 
 be by the position in which the larva of Cicada 
 (Aphrophora) spumaria was found to lie in the 
 froth (cuckoo-spit) in which it is enveloped. If 
 the insect lay with its head upwards, it infallibly 
 denoted a dry summer : if downwards, a wet 
 one." 
 
 PROGNOSTICS FROM TREES, PLANTS, ETC. 
 
 Bramble. 
 
 Lorsque la ronce traverse le chemin (i.e., when its 
 luxuriant growth has been caused by rains), cela 
 annonce la misere. Lot et Garonne. 
 
 When the bramble blossoms early in June, an early 
 harvest is expected. 
 
 Broom. 
 
 "The broom," says Wilsford, p. 144, "having 
 plenty of blossoms, is a sign of a fruitful year of 
 corn." 
 
 Lorsque le genet fleurit bien, 
 
 II en est de meme au sarrasin. Vosges. 
 
 Chickweed. 
 
 Chickweed expands its leaves boldly and fully 
 when fine weather is to follow ; but if it should 
 shut up, then the traveller is to put on his great- 
 coat. 
 
 R 
 
258 PROGNOSTICS FROM TREES, ETC. 
 
 Le mouron est le barometre du pauvre. Moselle. 
 
 Clover. 
 
 Clover contracts its leaves at the approach of a 
 storm. 
 
 " Trefoile or Clavergrasse against stormy and tem- 
 pestuous weather will seem rough, and the leaves 
 of it stare and rise up, as if it were afraid of an 
 assault." Wilsford, p. 136. 
 
 Coltsfoot. 
 
 Coles, in his Introduction to the Knowledge of Plants, 
 
 p. 38, says, 
 
 ." If the down flyeth off colt's foot, dandelyon, and 
 thistles, when there is no winde, it is a signe of 
 rain." 
 
 Convolvulus. 
 
 The convolvulus folds up its petals at the approach 
 of rain. 
 
 Dandelion. 
 
 When the down of the dandelion contracts, it is a 
 sign of rain. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 When the fern is as high as a ladle, 
 
 You may sleep as long as you are able : 
 
 When the fern begins to look red, 
 
 Then milk is good with brown bread. 
 
 " It is observed," says Ray, " by good housewives, 
 that milk is thicker in the autumn than in the 
 summer, notwithstanding the grass must be more 
 hearty, the juice of it being better concocted by 
 
PROGNOSTICS FROM TREES, ETC. 259 
 
 the heat of the sun in summer-time. ' I conceive 
 the reason to be, because the cattle drink water 
 abundantly by reason of their heat in summer, 
 which doth much dilute their milk." 
 
 Fir-Cones. 
 
 " Pine-apples hanging up in the house where they 
 freely may enjoy the air, will close themselves 
 against wet and cold weather, and open against 
 hot and dry times." Wilsford. 
 
 Hawthorn. 
 
 If many hawthorn - blossoms are seen, expect a 
 severe winter. 
 
 Quand le buisson blanc entre en fleurs, 
 Grains toujours quelques fraicheurs. Dordogne. 
 
 Marigold. 
 
 If the marigold do not open its petals by seven in 
 the morning, it will rain or thunder that day. It 
 also closes before a storm. 
 
 So also in France they say the same of this plant, which they 
 call "le souci pluvial." 
 
 Mushroom. 
 
 Quand en ete on voit des champignons sur le 
 fumier c'est signe de pluie. Cher. 
 
 Oak. 
 
 If the oak bear many acorns it foreshows a long 
 
 and hard winter. 
 Viel Eicheln lassen strengen Winter erwarten. 
 
26O PROGNOSTICS FROM TREES, ETC. 
 
 Oak and Ash. 
 
 If the oak's before the ash, 
 Then you'll only get a splash : 
 If the ash's before the oak, 
 Then you may expect a soak. 
 
 Onion. 
 
 Onion's skin 
 
 Very thin, 
 
 Mild winter's coming in : 
 
 Onion's skin thick and rough, 
 
 Coming winter cold and rough. 
 
 So the French say, 
 
 Quand les oignons ont trois pelures, 
 Grande froidure. Disc. 
 
 Osier. 
 
 Si Tosier fleurit 
 
 Le raisin murit. Rhone. 
 
 Pear. 
 
 Sitzen die Birnen fest am Stiel, 
 Bringt der Winter Kalte viel. 
 
 Pear and Apple. 
 
 Quand la poire passe la pomme, 
 Garde ton vin, bonhomme : 
 Quand la pomme passe la poire, 
 II fait bon boire. - -Jura. 
 
 Pimpernel. 
 
 When this flower closes in the day-time, it is a sign 
 of rain ; on which account it is called the coun- 
 tryman's weather-glass. 
 
PROGNOSTICS FROM TREES, ETC. 26l 
 
 Roses. 
 
 " When Roses flourish in Autumn, it is an evill 
 signe of an insuing plague the year following, or 
 some pestiferous disease : for much heat in this 
 season corrupteth the blood." Wilsford, p. 144. 
 But the Germans say, 
 
 Spate Rosen im Garten deuten auf schonen Herbst 
 und gelinden Winter. 
 
 Sea-weed. 
 
 A piece of kelp or sea-weed hung up will become 
 damp previous to rain. 
 
 Sensitive Plants. 
 
 Sensitive plants contract their leaves at the approach 
 of rain. 
 
 Siberian Sow-Thistle. 
 
 If the flowers keep open all night the weather will 
 be wet next day. 
 
 Teazle. 
 
 " Tezils, or Fuller's Thistle, being gathered and 
 hanged up in the house, where the air may come 
 freely to it, upon the alteration of cold and windy 
 weather will grow smoother, and against rain will 
 close up his prickles." Wilsford, p. 136, 137. 
 
 Walnuts, etc. 
 " Great store of walnuts and almonds presage a 
 
 plentiful year of corn, especially filberds." 
 
 Wilsford, p. 144. 
 
 So Virgil, Georg. I. 187-192, 
 
 Contemplator item, quum se nux plurima silvis 
 Induct in florem et ramos curvabit olentes : 
 
262 PLANTS FLOWERING 
 
 Si superant fetus, pariter frumenta sequentur, 
 Magnaque cum magno veniet tritura calore : 
 At si luxuria foliorum exuberat umbra, 
 Nequidquam pingues palea teret area culmos. 
 
 Wood-Sorrel. 
 
 A species of wood-sorrel contracts its leaves at the 
 approach of rain. 
 
 Chaff, Leave?, etc. 
 
 Chaff, leaves, thistle-down, or such light things 
 whisking about and turning round, foreshews 
 tempestuous winds. Shepherd's Kalendar. 
 
 THE FOLLOWING LINES NOTICE THE PLANTS WHICH 
 ARE IN FLOWER ON THE VARIOUS FESTIVALS OF 
 THE ECCLESIASTICAL YEAR. 
 
 February 2. 
 
 The Snowdrop, in purest white arraie, 
 First rears her head on Candlemas Daie ; 
 
 February 14. 
 
 While the crocus hastens to the shrine 
 Of Primrose love on St Valentine. 
 
 March 25. 
 
 Then comes the Daffodil beside 
 
 Our Ladies' Smock at our Ladye Tyde ; 
 
 April 23. 
 
 Againste St George, when blue is worn, 
 The blue Harebells the fields adorn ; 
 
ON VARIOUS SAINTS' DAYS. 263 
 
 May 3. 
 
 While on the day of the Holy Cross, 
 The Crowfoot gilds the flowerie grasse. 
 
 June 11. 
 
 When St Barnaby bright smiles night and day, 
 Poor Ragged Robin blooms in the hay. 
 
 June 24. 
 
 The scarlet Lychnis, the garden's pride, 
 Flames at St John the Baptist's tyde. 
 
 July 15. 
 
 Against St Swithin's hastie showres, 
 
 The Lily white reigns queen of the flowers ; 
 
 July 20. 
 
 And Poppies a sanguine mantle spread, 
 
 For the blood of the Dragon St Margaret shed. 
 
 July -22. 
 
 Then under the wanton Rose, agen, 
 That blushes for penitent Magdalen. 
 
 August 1. 
 
 Till Lammas Day called August's Wheel, 
 When the long Corn stinks of Camomile. 
 
 August 15. 
 
 When Mary left us here below, 
 The Virgin's Bower begins to blow ; 
 
 August 24. 
 
 And yet anon the full Sunflower blew, 
 And became a Star for Bartholomew. 
 
264 PROGNOSTICS FROM 
 
 September 14. 
 
 The Passion-Flower long has blowed 
 To betoken us signs of the Holy Rood. 
 
 September 29. 
 
 The Michaelmas Daisy, amonge dead Weeds, 
 Blooms for St Michael's valorous deeds, 
 
 October 28. 
 
 And seems the last of flowers that stood 
 Till the Feast of St Simon and St Jude, 
 
 November 1. 
 
 Save Mushrooms and the Fungus race, 
 That grow as All-hallow-tide takes place. 
 
 November 25. 
 
 Soon the evergreen Laurel alone is seen, 
 When Catherine crowns all learned men. 
 
 December 25. 
 
 Then Ivy and Holy Berries are seen, 
 And Yule Clog and Wassail come round again. 
 Anthol. Austr. et Bor. 
 
 PROGNOSTICS DRAWN FROM VARIOUS 
 OBJECTS, ETC. 
 
 Chairs. 
 
 When chairs and tables creak it will rain. 
 
 Coals. 
 If the coals seem hotter than usual, or if the flame is 
 
 more agitated, though the weather be calm at the 
 
VARIOUS OBJECTS. 265 
 
 time, it indicates wind : but when the flame burns 
 
 steady, and proceeds straight upwards, it is a 
 
 sign of fine weather. 
 
 The Milanese say, 
 Brasch liisent 
 Segnal de vent. 
 i.e., If the coals burn brightly, it is a sign of wind. 
 
 Corns. 
 
 If corns are more painful than usual, rain will fall 
 
 shortly. 
 
 In Gay's first Pastoral are the lines, 
 " He first that useful secret did explain, 
 Why pricking corns foretold the gathering rain." 
 
 Ditches. 
 
 The smell of ditches and drains is more offensive 
 
 before rain. 
 
 So the Italian proverb, 
 Odor in strada, 
 Vol piov in la zurnada. 
 
 " Ungrateful odours common shores diffuse, 
 
 Ere the tiles rattle with the smoking shower." 
 Gay's Trivia. 
 
 Doors. 
 
 Doors and windows are hard to shut in damp 
 weather. 
 
 Dust. 
 
 Dust rising in dry weather is a sign of approaching 
 change. 
 
266 PROGNOSTICS FROM 
 
 If dust whirl round in eddies when being blown 
 about by the wind, it is a sign of rain. 
 The Germans say, 
 
 Wenn der Staub sich lang' in der Luft aufhalt, 
 
 Gewisslich auch bald Regen fallt. 
 
 Fungus. 
 
 During damp and windy weather, it often happens 
 that we find a foul excrescence or fungus about 
 the wicks of candles or lamps. Virgil represents 
 the women at work by lamp-light, as foreknowing 
 'the coming weather by these signs. Georg. I. 
 390,91,92. 
 So the Italian proverb, 
 
 Quand la 16m 1'empasta'l funs 
 
 Speta 1'aqua poch de luns. Bergamo. 
 
 And the following is from Roberti Keuchenii Crepundia, 
 p. 211.: 
 
 " Aeris humenti crepitans uligine fungus 
 Si quid habet flammis ominis, auster erit." 
 
 Lamp. 
 
 If the flame of a lamp crackles or flares, it indicates 
 rainy weather. 
 
 Rheumatism. 
 When rheumatic people complain of more than 
 
 ordinary pain in their joints, it will rain. 
 
 Thus also Butler, in his Hudibras, p. iii. c. ii. 1. 405 : 
 " As old sinners have all points 
 O' th' compass in their bones and joints 
 Can by their pangs and aches find 
 All turns and changes of the wind, 
 
VARIOUS OBJECTS. 267 
 
 And, better than by Napier's bones, 
 Feel in their own the age of moons." 
 
 Salt. 
 Salt increases in weight before a shower. 
 
 Sea. 
 
 The murmuring noise of the waves of the sea, 
 their foaming, and green and black colour, 
 announce a storm. 
 In the Cambrian Register, 1 796, p. 430, we read : 
 
 " It cannot be denied that the Welsh have much 
 superstition amongst them, though it is wearing 
 off very fast. But the instance adduced here (by 
 the Gleaner), that of their predicting a storm by 
 the roaring of the sea, is a curious kind of proof 
 of their superstition." 
 
 Signboards. 
 
 " But when the swinging sign your ears offend 
 With creaking noise, then rainy floods impend : 
 Soon shall the kennels swell with rapid streams."- 
 Trivia. 
 
 Smoke. 
 If, during calm, smoke does not ascend readily, 
 
 expect rain. 
 
 So the Germans say, 
 
 Wenn der Rauch nicht aus dem Schornstein will, 
 So ist vorhanden Regens viel. 
 
 Soot. 
 
 If soot falls down the chimney, rain will come. 
 
268 PROGNOSTICS FROM VARIOUS OBJECTS. 
 
 Sounds. 
 
 Sounds are heard with unusual clearness before a 
 
 storm. 
 
 So the Italian proverb, 
 Campari che se sent, 
 O aqua o vent. 
 
 Strings. 
 
 Strings of catgut or whipcord untwist and become 
 longer during a damp state of the air. 
 
 Toothache. 
 
 The Milanese say, 
 Quad el dent el fa de mat 
 Se Tesiit vor lass vagnat. 
 
 The Florentines, 
 Quando il tempo e molle, 
 II dente si fa folle. 
 
 Walls. 
 
 When walls are more than usually damp, rain is 
 expected. 
 
 So Gay, in his Trivia, 
 
 " Church monuments foretell the changing air ; 
 Then Niobe dissolves into a tear, 
 And sweats with secret grief; you'll hear the 
 
 sounds 
 Of whistling winds, ere kennels break their bounds." 
 
 "So lookes he like a marble toward rayne." Bishop 
 Hall's Virgidemiarum, Book vi. Sat. i. 
 
GENERAL PROGNOSTICS. 269 
 
 GENERAL PROGNOSTICS. 
 
 Winds. 
 
 " The hollow winds begin to blow, 
 
 Clouds, Barometer. 
 The clouds look black, the glass is low ; 
 
 Soot, Dogs. 
 The soot falls down, the spaniels sleep, 
 
 Spiders. 
 And spiders from their cobwebs peep : 
 
 Sun. 
 Last night the sun went pale to bed, 
 
 Moon. 
 
 The moon in haloes hid her head ; 
 The boding shepherd heaves a sigh, 
 
 Rainbow. 
 
 For see ! a rainbow spans the sky : 
 
 Walls, Ditches. 
 The walls are damp, the ditches smell, 
 
 Pimpernel. 
 Closed is the pink-eyed pimpernel : 
 
 Chairs and Tables. 
 
 Hark how the chairs and tables crack ! 
 
 Joints. 
 Old Betty's joints are on the rack : 
 
 Ducks. 
 Loud quack the ducks, the peacocks cry, 
 
2/0 GENERAL PROGNOSTICS. 
 
 Hills. 
 
 The distant hills are looking nigh : 
 
 Swine. 
 
 How restless are the snorting swine ! 
 
 Flies. 
 
 The busy flies disturb the kine : 
 
 Swallow. 
 
 Low o'er the grass the swallow wings ; 
 
 Cricket. 
 
 The cricket, too, how sharp he sings : 
 
 Cat. 
 
 Puss on the hearth, with velvet paws, 
 Sits wiping o'er her whiskered jaws : 
 
 Fish. 
 
 Through the clear stream the fishes rise, 
 And nimbly catch the incautious flies : 
 
 Glowworm. 
 
 The glowworms, numerous and bright, 
 Illumed the dewy dell last night : 
 
 Toad. 
 
 At dusk the squalid toad was seen 
 Hopping and crawling o'er the green : 
 
 Dust. 
 
 The whirling dust the wind obeys, 
 And in the rapid eddy plays : 
 
 Frog. 
 
 The frog has changed his yellow vest, 
 And in a russet coat is dressed : 
 
GENERAL PROGNOSTICS. 271 
 
 Air. 
 
 Though June, the air is cold and still ; 
 
 Blackbird. 
 The mellow blackbird's voice is shrill : 
 
 Dog. 
 
 My dog, so altered in his taste, 
 Quits mutton-bones on grass to feast ; 
 
 Rooks. 
 
 And see yon rooks, how odd their flight ! 
 They imitate the gliding kite, 
 And seem precipitate to fall, 
 As if they felt the piercing ball 
 'Twill surely rain I see with sorrow 
 Our jaunt must be put off to-morrow." 
 
 Dr JENNER. 
 Wind. 
 " For ere the rising winds begin to roar, 
 
 Sea. 
 
 The working seas advance to wash the shore ; 
 
 Trees. 
 
 Soft whispers run along the leafy woods, 
 
 Mountains. 
 
 And mountains whistle to the murmuring floods. 
 
 Waves. 
 
 E'en then the doubtful billows scarce abstain 
 From the tossed vessel on the troubled main ; 
 
 Cormorants. 
 
 When crying cormorants forsake the sea, 
 And, stretching to the covert, wing their way ; 
 
2/2 GENERAL PROGNOSTICS. 
 
 Coots. 
 
 When sportful coots run skimming o'er the strand 
 
 Herons. 
 
 When watchful herons leave their watery strand, 
 And mounting upwards with erected flight, 
 Gain on the skies, and soar above the sight : 
 
 Meteors. 
 
 And oft, before tempestuous winds arise, 
 The seeming stars fall headlong from the skies, 
 And shooting through the darkness gild the night 
 With sweeping glories, and long trains of light ; 
 
 Chaff. 
 And chaff with eddy winds is whirled around, 
 
 Leaves. 
 And dancing leaves are lifted from the ground, 
 
 Feathers. 
 And floating feathers on the waters play : 
 
 Thunder. 
 
 But when the winged thunder takes his way 
 From the cold north, and east and west engage, 
 And at their frontiers meet with equal rage, 
 The clouds are crushed ; a glut of gathered rain 
 The hollow ditches fills, and floats the plain ; 
 And sailors furl their dripping sheets amain. 
 
 Bain. 
 
 Wet weather seldom hurts the most unwise ; 
 So plain the signs, such prophets are the skies. 
 
 Crane. 
 
 The wary crane foresees it first, and sails 
 Above the storm, and leaves the lowly vales : 
 
GENERAL PROGNOSTICS. 273 
 
 Cow. 
 
 The cow looks up, and from afar can find 
 
 The change of heaven, and snuffs it in the wind : 
 
 Swallow. 
 
 The swallow skims the river's watery face : 
 
 Frogs. 
 
 The frogs renew the croaks of their loquacious race : 
 
 Ant. 
 
 The careful ant her secret cell forsakes, 
 And drags her eggs along the narrow tracks : 
 
 Rainbow. 
 
 At either horn the rainbow drinks the flood : 
 
 Rooks. 
 
 Huge flocks of rising rooks forsake their food, 
 And crying, seek the shelter of the wood. 
 
 Water-fowl. 
 
 Besides the several sorts of watery fowls 
 
 That swim the seas or haunt the standing pools, 
 
 Swans. 
 
 The swans that sail along the silvery flood, 
 
 And dive with stretching necks to search their 
 
 food, 
 Then lave their backs with sprinkling dews in 
 
 vain, 
 And stem the stream to meet the promised rain. 
 
 Crow. 
 
 The crow with clamorous cries the shower demands, 
 And single stalks along the desert sands. 
 
274 GENERAL PROGNOSTICS. 
 
 Lamps. 
 
 The nightly virgin while her wheel she plies, 
 Foresees the storm impending in the skies, 
 When sparkling lamps their spluttering light 
 
 advance, 
 And in their sockets oily bubbles dance. 
 
 Fine Weather. 
 
 Then after showers it is easy to descry 
 Returning suns, and a serener sky : 
 
 Stars. 
 The stars shine smarter ; and the moon adorns, 
 
 Moon. 
 As with unborrowed beams, her sharpened horns. 
 
 Gossamer. 
 The filmy gossamer now flits no more, 
 
 Halcyons. 
 
 Nor halycons bask on the short sunny shore ; 
 
 Swine. 
 Their litter is not tossed by sows unclean ; 
 
 Mist. 
 But a blue droughty mist descends upon^the plain ; 
 
 Owls. 
 
 And owls that mark the setting sun declare 
 A starlight evening and a morning fair. 
 
 Hawk and Lark. 
 
 Towering aloft, avenging Nisus flies, 
 While dared below the guilty Scylla lies ; 
 Wherever frightened Scylla flies away, 
 Swift Nisus follows and pursues his prey ; 
 
GENERAL PROGNOSTICS. 275 
 
 Where injured Nisus takes his airy course 
 Then trembling Scylla flies and shuns his force. 
 This punishment pursues the unhappy maid, 
 And thus the purple hair is dearly paid. 
 
 Ravens. 
 
 Then thrice the ravens rend the liquid air, 
 
 And croaking notes proclaim the settled fair. 
 
 Then round their airy palaces they fly 
 
 To greet the sun ; and seized with secret joy, 
 
 When storms are overblown, with food repair 
 
 To their forsaken nests and callow care. 
 
 Not that I think their breasts with heavenly souls 
 
 Inspired, as man who destiny controls, 
 
 But with the changeful temper of the skies, 
 
 As rains condense and sunshine rarifies, 
 
 So turn the species in their altered minds : 
 
 Composed by calms and discomposed by winds. 
 
 Birds. 
 From hence proceeds the birds' harmonious voice ; 
 
 Cows and Lambs. 
 From hence the cows exult, and frisking lambs 
 
 rejoice." 
 
 Georg. I. 356-423 ; Dryderis Translation. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 PRINTED BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS, EDINBURGH. 
 
MESSRS BLACKWOOD AND SONS' 
 
 RECENT PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 The Parisians. 
 
 By EDWARD BULWER, LORD LYTTON. Author of 
 ' The Coming Race,' &c. To be completed in Four 
 Volumes. With Illustrations by SYDNEY HALL. 
 Vols. I. and II. are published, 6s. each. 
 
 Kenelm Chillingly, his Adventures and Opinions. 
 By LORD LYTTON. Third Edition. 2 vols. crown 
 8vo, i os. 
 
 French Home Life. 
 
 By "an English Looker-on, who has lived for a quar- 
 ter of a century in France amidst ties and affections 
 which have made that country his second home." 
 Preface. 
 
 Contents : SERVANTS. CHILDREN. FURNITURE. 
 FOOD. MANNERS. LANGUAGE. DRESS. MARRIAGE. 
 In Octavo, IDS. 6d. 
 
 " The present book of essays, which might in justice be called a guide-book to the French 
 mind, will tell the reader all that he ought to know by this time, and certainly does not 
 know, about French ways. Less amusing than M. Taine's work on England, it is deeper 
 and in the main truer. The writer, indeed, does not aim at being amusing; he seeks to 
 give philosophical analyses of the customs which constitute home life on the other side of 
 the Channel, and he quite succeeds. . . . If, however, we dissent from some of the op- 
 timist conclusions drawn from French customs in this book, we cannot give it too high 
 praise for its force and accuracy as a whole." Pall Mail Gazette. 
 
 A True Reformer. 
 
 3 vols. crown 8vo, i, 55. 6d. (Originally published 
 in * Blackwood's Magazine.') 
 
 " This will probably prove the most successful political novel that has appeared in Eng- 
 land since ' Coningsby/ and it deserves to be so. . . . A carefully-elaborated scheme of 
 national defence is so ingeniously interwoven with stirring accounts of Parliamentary 
 struggles and triumphs, and so enlivened by amusing sketches of prominent statesmen, 
 that it might well make an army reformer of a girl of eighteen, while the love story on 
 which the debates and arguments are threaded is touching enough to flutter the pulses of 
 a chairman of committee." Pall Mall Gazette. 
 
2 Messrs Blackwood and Sons' 
 
 Middlemarch : A Study of English Provincial Life. 
 By GEORGE ELIOT. A New Edition. 4 vols. fcap. 
 8vo, 2 is. 
 
 Mysie's Pardon. 
 
 A Novel from Australia. By JAMES WALKER HAY. 
 3 vols. crown 8vo, i, 53. 6d. 
 
 From Patmos to Paradise; 
 
 Or, LIGHT ON THE PAST, THE PRESENT, AND!THE 
 FUTURE. By the Rev. JOHN GUMMING, D.D., 
 F.R.S.E., Minister of the Scotch National Church, 
 Crown Court, Covent Garden, London. Crown 8vo, 
 7s. 6d. 
 
 A Handbook of Weather Folk- Lore : 
 
 Being a Collection of Proverbial Sayings, in various 
 Languages, relating to the Weather, with Explanatory 
 and Illustrative Notes. By the Rev. C. SWAINSON, 
 M.A., Vicar of High Hurst Wood. Fcap. 8vo, Rox- 
 burghe binding, 6s. 6d. 
 
 The History of Scotland; 
 
 From Agricola's Invasion to the Extinction of the last 
 Jacobite Insurrection. By JOHN HILL BURTON, 
 Historiographer-Royal. New and Enlarged Edition 
 in 8 vols. crown 8vo, 7s. 6d. each. 
 
 "Mr Burton has the highest qualifications for the task. In no other history of Scot- 
 land with which we are acquainted are there the especial attractive graces which dis- 
 tinguish these volumes of national history." Athenaeum. 
 
 The Coming Race. 
 
 Ninth Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 " The prose poem of ' The Coming Race 'for so it may justly be entitled takes high 
 rank among the most remarkable and original books of the day." Da ilij Ttteproph. 
 
 " Language, literature, and the arts, all touched on with admirable verisimilitude, are 
 impressed into the service of his thesis ; and often in reading of the delights of this under- 
 ground Utopia, have we sighed for the refreshing tranquillity of that lamp-lit land." 
 Athenaeum. 
 
 Piccadilly : A Fragment of Contemporary Bio- 
 graphy. By LAURENCE OLIPHANT. With Eight 
 Illustrations by Richard Doyle. Fourth Edition, 6s. 
 
 The picture of ' Good Society 'meaning thereby the society of men and women of 
 wealth or rank contained in this book, constitutes its chief merit, and is remarkable for 
 the point and vigour of the author's style." Athenaeum. 
 
Recent Publications. 3 
 
 Wise, Witty, and Tender Sayings, 
 
 In Prose and Verse, selected from the Works of 
 GEORGE ELIOT. By ALEXANDER MAIN. Fcap. 8vo, 
 
 5s. 
 "A word fitly spoken is like apples of gold in pictures of silver." 
 
 George Eliofs Works. 
 
 ADAM BEDE. In crown 8vo, with Illustrations, 35. 
 6d. cloth. 
 
 THE MILL ON THE FLOSS. In crown 8vo, with Illus- 
 trations, 35. 6d. cloth. 
 
 SCENES OF CLERICAL LIFE. In crown 8vo, with 
 Illustrations, 35. cloth. 
 
 SILAS MARNER : The Weaver of Raveloe. In crown 
 8vo, with Illustrations, 2s. 6d. cloth. 
 
 FELIX HOLT, THE RADICAL. In crown 8vo, with 
 Illustrations, 35. 6d. cloth. 
 
 SPANISH GYPSY. Fourth Edition, crown 8vo, 75. 6d. 
 
 Works of Samuel Warren, D.C.L. 
 
 THE DIARY OF A LATE PHYSICIAN. One vol. 
 
 crown 8vo, 35. 6d. Illustrated Edition, in crown 
 
 8vo, handsomely printed, 75. 6d. 
 TEN THOUSAND A-YEAR. Two vols. in one, 55. 
 Now AND THEN. Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 MISCELLANIES. Crown 8vo, 53. 
 THE LILY AND THE BEE. Crown 8vo, 2s. 
 
 Chronicles of Carlingford. By Mrs Oliphant 
 SALEM CHAPEL. 2s. 
 
 " This story, so fresh, so powerfully written, and so tragic, stands out from among its 
 fellows like a piece of newly-coined sold in a handful of dim commonplace shillings. 
 Tales of pastoral experience and scenes from clerical life we have had in plenty, but the 
 sacred things of the conventicle, the relative position of pastor and flock in a Nonconform- 
 ing ' connection,' were but guessed at by the world outside, and terrible is the revelation." 
 Westminster Review. 
 
 THE RECTOR, and THE DOCTOR'S FAMILY, is. 
 THE PERPETUAL CURATE. 2s. 
 Miss MARJORIBANKS. 2s. 
 
 The Cairngorm Mountains. 
 
 By JOHN HILL BURTON. In crown 8vo, 35. 6d. 
 
 " One of the most complete as well as most lively and intelligent hits of reading that the 
 lover of works of travel has seen for many a day." Saturday Review. 
 
4 Messrs Blackwood and Sons' 
 
 Tom Cringles Log. 
 
 A New Edition. With Illustrations by STANFIELD, 
 WEIR, SKELTON, WALKER, &c., Engraved by WHYM- 
 PER. Crown 8vo, 6s. Another Edition at 2s. 
 
 " Everybody who has failed to read 'Tom Cringle's Log ' should do so at once. The 
 ' Quarterly Review ' went so far as to say that the papers composing it, when it first ap- 
 peared in ' Blackwood,' were the most brilliant series of the time, and that time one un- 
 rivalled for the number of famous magazinists existing in it. Coleridge says, in his ' Table 
 Talk,' that the ' Log ' is most excellent; and these verdicts have been ratified by genera- 
 tions of men and boys, and by the manifestation of Continental approval which is shown 
 by repeated translations. The engravings illustrating the present issue are excellent." 
 Standard. 
 
 Mary Queen of Scots and her Accusers. 
 
 By JOHN HOSACK. A New and Enlarged Edition, 
 continuing the Narrative down to the Death of Queen 
 Mary. With a Photograph from the Bust on the 
 Tomb in Westminster Abbey. Vol. I., in 8vo, 155. 
 
 "He has confuted those who, by brilliant writing and a judicious selection of evidence, 
 paint the Queen of Scots as an incarnate fiend, and who are dramatic poets rather than 
 historians." Times. 
 
 " Whatever surmises may be formed about Mary's knowledge or assent, there can now be 
 no doubt that the murder was contrived, not by Mary, but by her accusers." Scotsman. 
 
 Memorials of the Castle of Edinburgh. 
 
 By JAMES GRANT. A New Edition. In crown 8vo, 
 with 12 Engravings, 35. 6d. 
 
 The Scots Musical Museum; 
 
 Consisting of upwards of Six Hundred Songs, with 
 proper Basses for the Pianoforte. Originally Pub- 
 lished by JAMES JOHNSON ; and now accompanied 
 with Copious Notes and Illustrations of the Lyric 
 Poetry and Music of Scotland, by the late WILLIAM 
 STENHOUSE. With Additional Notes and Illustra- 
 tions. New Edition, 4 vols. 8vo, half-bound, ^2, 
 I2s. 6d. 
 
 Count Montalember? s History of the Monks of the 
 West. 5 vols. 8vo, 2, I2s. 6d. Volumes III. to V. 
 contain the History of the Conversion of England 
 by the Monks, and may be had as a complete book, 
 315. 6<L 
 
 "The work of a brilliant and accomplished layman and man of the world, dealing with 
 a class of characters who have generally been left to the arid professional handling of 
 ecclesiastical writers. Montalembert sees their life as a whole, and a human whole ; and, 
 
 of characters who have generally been left to the arid professional h 
 tical writers. Montalembert sees their life as a whole, and a human w 
 his zeal as an amateur hagiographer, he cannot but view them wit 
 the independence of a mind trained to letters and politics."-Ptt Mall GazMe. 
 
Recent Publications. 5 
 
 Memoir of Count de Montalembert ; 
 
 A Chapter of recent French History. By Mrs OLI- 
 PHANT, Author of 'Life of Edward Irving,' &c. In 
 2 vols. crown 8vo, ;i, 45. 
 
 The Works of the Right Rev. Bishop Hay, of 
 Edinburgh, Together with a Memoir of the Author, 
 and Portrait engraved from the Painting at the College 
 of Blairs. Edited under the Supervision of the Right 
 Rev. Bishop STRAIN. A New Edition, in 5 vols. 
 crown 8vo, 2 is. 
 
 The Scripture Doctrine of Miracles Displayed. 
 By the Right Rev. Bishop HAY, of Edinburgh. 2 
 vols. crown 8vo, IDS. 6d. 
 
 Historical Sketches of the Reign of George Second. 
 By Mrs OLIPHANT. Second Edition, in One Volume. 
 IDS. 6d. 
 
 " Mrs Oliphant's Historical Sketches form two attractive volumes, whose contents are 
 happily arranged so as to bring out some of the salient points at a period in our social 
 history richly illustrated by epistolary and biographical remains." Examiner. 
 
 Our Poor Relations. 
 
 By Col. E. B. HAMLEY, C.B. Originally published 
 in ' Blackwood's Magazine.' With Illustrations, chiefly 
 by Ernest Griset. Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt, 35. 6d. 
 
 Library Edition of Lord Lyttorts Novels. 
 
 Printed from a large and readable type. In Volumes 
 of a convenient and handsome form. 8vo, 53. each 
 
 THE CAXTON NOVELS, 10 Volumes : 
 
 The Caxton Family. 2 vols. | My Novel. 4 vols. 
 
 HISTORICAL ROMANCES, n Volumes: 
 
 The Last Days of Pompeii. 
 
 2 vols. 
 The Siege of Grenada. I vol. 
 
 The Last of the Barons. 
 
 2 vols. 
 Harold. 2 vols. 
 
6 Messrs Blackwood and Sons' 
 
 Lord Lyttoris Novels CONTINUED. 
 ROMANCES, 7 Volumes : 
 The Pilgrims of the Rhine. 
 
 vol. 
 Eugene Aram. 2 vols. 
 
 Zanoni. 2 vols. 
 
 A Strange Story. 2 vols. 
 
 NOVELS OF LIFE AND MANNERS, 15 Volumes: 
 
 Ernest Maltravers Second 
 
 Part (i.e. Alice). 2 vols. 
 Night and Morning. 2 vols. 
 Lucretia. 2 vols. 
 Kenelm Chillingly. 4 vols. 
 
 Pelham. 2 vols. 
 The Disowned. 2 vols. 
 Paul Clifford. 2 vols. 
 Godolphin. I vol. 
 Ernest Maltravers First 
 Part. 2 vols. 
 
 "It is of the handiest of sizes; the paper is good ; and the type, which seems to be 
 new, is very clear and beautiful. There are no pictures. The whole charm of the pre- 
 sentment of the volume consists in its hand! ness, and the tempting clearness and beauty 
 of the type, which almost converts into a pleasure the mere act of following the printer's 
 lines, and leaves the author's mind free to exert its unobstructed force upon the 
 reader." Examiner. 
 
 " Nothing could be better as to size, type, paper, and general get-up." Athenaeum. 
 
 The Book of Ballads. 
 
 Edited by BON GAULTIER. Eleventh Edition, with 
 numerous Illustrations by DOYLE, LEECH, and CROW- 
 QUILL. Gilt edges, post 8vo, 8s. 6d. 
 
 Tales from Blackwood. 
 
 Complete in 12 vols. One Shilling each. Sold 
 separately. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 VOL. I. The Glenmutchkin Railway. Vanderdecken's 
 Message Home. The Floating Beacon. Colonna 
 the Painter. Napoleon. A Legend of Gibraltar. 
 The Iron Shroud. 
 
 VOL. II. Lazaro's Legacy. A Story without a Tail. 
 Faustus and Queen Elizabeth. How I became a 
 Yeoman. Devereux Hall. The Metempsychosis. 
 College Theatricals. 
 
 VOL. III. A Reading Party in the Long Vacation. 
 Father Tom and the Pope. La Petite Madelaine. 
 Bob Burke's Duel with Ensign Brady. The Heads- 
 man : A Tale of Doom. The Wearyful Woman. 
 
Recent Publications. 7 
 
 VOL. IV. How I stood for the Dreepdaily Burghs. First 
 and Last. The Duke's Dilemma : A Chronicle of 
 Niesenstein. The Old Gentleman's Teetotum. 
 "Woe to us when we lose the Watery Wall." My 
 College Friends : Charles Russell, the Gentleman 
 Commoner. The Magic Lay of the One-Horse Chay. 
 
 VOL. V. Adventures in Texas. How we got Possession 
 of the Tuileries. Captain Paton's Lament. The 
 Village Doctor. A Singular Letter from Southern 
 Africa. 
 
 VOL. VI. My Friend the Dutchman. My College 
 Friends No. II.: Horace Leicester. The Emerald 
 Studs. My College Friends No. III. : Mr W. 
 Wellington Hurst. Christine : A Dutch Story. The 
 Man in the Bell. 
 
 VOL. VII. My English Acquaintance. The Murderer's 
 Last Night. Narration of Certain Uncommon Things 
 that did formerly happen to Me, Herbert Willis, B.D. 
 The Wags. The Wet Wooing : A Narrative of 
 '98. Ben-na-Groich. 
 
 VOL. VIII. The Surveyor's Tale. By Professor Aytoun. 
 The Forrest-Race Romance Di Vasari: A Tale 
 of Florence. Sigismund Fatello. The Boxes. 
 
 VOL. IX. Rosaura: A Tale of Madrid. Adventure in 
 the North- West Territory. Harry Bolton's Curacy. 
 The Florida Pirate. The Pandour and his Princess. 
 The Beauty Draught. 
 
 VOL. X. Antonio di Carara. The Fatal Repast. The 
 Vision of Cagliostro. The First and Last Kiss. The 
 Smuggler's Leap. The Haunted and the Haunters. 
 The Duellists. 
 
 VOL. XI. The Natolian Story-Teller. The First and 
 Last Crime. John Rintoul. Major Moss. The 
 Premier and his Wife. 
 
 VOL. XII. Tickler among the Thieves ! The Bridegroom 
 of Barna. The Involuntary Experimentalist. Le- 
 brun's Lawsuit. The Snowing-up of Strath Lugas. 
 A Few Words on Social Philosophy. 
 
8 Messrs Blackwood and Sons' 
 
 Goethe's Faust. 
 
 Translated into English Verse by THEODORE MARTIN. 
 Second Edition, post 8vo, 6s. Also an Edition in 
 fcap. 8vo, 35. 6d. 
 
 "The best translation of Faust ' in verse we hare yet had in England." Spectator. 
 
 Songs and Verses : Social and Scientific. 
 
 By an OLD CONTRIBUTOR TO * MAGA.' A New Edi- 
 tion. Fcap. 8vo, 35. 6d., with Music of some of the 
 Songs. 
 
 " The productions thrown off by this eccentric muse have all the merits of originality 
 and variety. ... He has written songs, not essays such a hotch-potch of science anil 
 humour, jest and literature, gossip and criticism, as might have been served at the Noctes 
 Ambrosianse in the blue parlour at Ambrose's." Saturday Review. 
 
 The Course of Time: A Poem. 
 
 By ROBERT POLLOK, A.M. With Engravings. A 
 New Edition. Fcap. 8vo, 35. 6d. 
 
 " Of deep and hallowed impress, full of noble thoughts and graphic conceptions the 
 production of a mind alive to the great relations of being, and the sublime simplicity of 
 our religion " Blackwood' s Magazine. 
 
 An Illustrated Edition of the Course of Time. 
 In large 8vo, bound in cloth, richly gilt, 2 is. 
 
 " There has been no modern poem in the English language, of the class to which the 
 ' Course of Time ' belongs, since ililton wrote, that can be compared to it. In the pre- 
 sent instance the artistic talents of Messrs FOSTER, CLAYTON, TKNMRL, EVANS, DAI,ZIEI,, 
 GRKKN, and WOODS, have been employed in giving expression to the sublimity of the lan- 
 guage by equally exquisite illustrations, all of which are of the highest class." Sell's 
 Messenger. 
 
 The Poems of Ossian in the Original Gaelic. 
 
 With a Literal Translation into English, and a Disser- 
 tation on the Authenticity of the Poems. By the Rev. 
 ARCHIBALD CLERK. 2 vols. imperial 8vo, i, 
 iis. 6d. 
 
 Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers, 
 
 And other Poems. By W. EDMONDSTOUNE AYTOUN, 
 D.C.L., Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature 
 in the University of Edinburgh. Twenty - second 
 Edition. Fcap. 8vo, 75. 6d. 
 
 "Professor Aytoun's 'Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers 'a volume of verse which shows 
 that Scotland has yet a poet. Full of the true fire, it now stirs and swells like a trum- 
 pet-notenow sinks in cadences sad and wild as the wail of a Highland dirge." Quarterly 
 
Recent Publications. 9 
 
 Illustrated Edition of the 
 Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers. 
 
 The Designs by Sir J. NOEL PATON, R.S.A. Engraved 
 
 Thomas, J. W. Whymper, J. Cooper, W. T. Green, 
 
 on Wood by John Thompson, W. J. Linton, W. 
 
 . J W. Whymper, J. 7 _, _ ~ 
 Dalziel Brothers, E. Evans, J. Adam, &c. Small 4to, 
 printed on toned paper, bound in gilt cloth, 2 is. 
 
 " The artists have excelled themselves in the engravings which they have furnished. 
 Seizing the spirit of Mr Aytoun's ' Ballads' as perhaps none but Scotchmen could have 
 seized it, they have thrown their whole strength into the work with a heartiness which 
 others would do well to imitate. Whoever there may be that does not already know 
 "---- ;dition, wherein 
 
 these ' Lays,' we recommend at once to make their acquaintance in this edition, 
 author and artist illustrate each other as kindred spirits should." Standard. 
 
 Bothwell: A Poem. 
 
 By W. EDMONDSTOUNE AYTOUN, D.C.L. Third 
 Edition. Fcap. 8vo, 75. 6d. 
 
 " Professor Aytoun has produced a fine poem and an able argument, and ' Bothwell ' 
 will assuredly take its stand among the classics of Scottish literature." Tli Press. 
 
 The Ballads of Scotland. 
 
 Edited by Professor AYTOUN. Fourth Edition. 2 
 vols. fcap. 8vo, I2s. 
 
 Poems and Ballads of Goethe. 
 
 Translated by Professor AYTOUN and THEODORE 
 MARTIN. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo, 6s. 
 
 " There is no doubt that these are the best translations of Goethe's marvellously-cut 
 gems which have yet been published." Times. 
 
 Firmilian; or, The Student of Badajos. 
 
 A Spasmodic Tragedy. By T. PERCY JONES. In 
 small 8vo, 55. 
 
 " Humour of a kind most rare at all times, and especially in the present day, runs 
 through every page, and passages of true poetry and delicious versification prevent the 
 continual play of sarcasm from becoming tedious." Lit&rary Gazette. 
 
 The Poems of Felicia Hemans. 
 
 Complete in I vol. royal 8vo, with Portrait by FiNDEN. 
 Cheap Edition, 55. Another Edition, with Memoir 
 by her SISTER. Seven vols. fcap., 355. Another Edi- 
 tion, in 6 vols. bound as 3, I2s. 6d. 
 The following Works of Mrs HEMANS are sold separately, 
 
 bound in cloth, gilt edges, 45. each : 
 RECORDS OF WOMAN. FOREST SANCTUARY. SONGS 
 OF THE AFFECTIONS. DRAMATIC WORKS. TALES 
 AND HISTORIC SCENES. MORAL AND RELIGIOUS 
 POEMS. 
 
io Messrs Blackwood and Sons' 
 
 Memoir of Mrs Hemans. 
 
 By her SISTER. With a Portrait. Fcap. 8vo, 55. 
 
 Selections from the Poems of Mrs Hemans. 
 
 Beautifully printed on toned paper, bound in gilt cloth, 
 
 3s. 
 
 Uniform with the above. 
 
 The Poems of Caroline Bowles Southey. 
 Small fcap., cloth, gilt edges, 55. 
 
 Domestic Verses. 
 
 By D. M. MOIR (A). A New Edition, 53. 
 
 Poetical Works of D. M. Moir. 
 
 With Portrait, and Memoir by THOMAS AlRD. Second 
 Edition. 2 vols. fcap. 8vo, I2s. 
 
 The Vita Nuova of Dante. 
 
 Translated, with an Introduction and Notes, by THEO- 
 DORE MARTIN. Second Edition, fcap. 8vo, 55. 
 
 Homer and his Translators, 
 
 And the Greek Drama. By Professor WILSON. Crown 
 8vo, 6s. 
 
 " But of all the criticisms on Homer which I have ever had the good fortune to read, in 
 our own or any language, the most vivid and entirely genial are those found in the ' Essays, 
 Critical and Imaginative,' of the late Professor Wilson." Mr Gladstone's Studies on 
 Homer. 
 
 The Noctes Ambrosiance. 
 
 By Professor WILSON. With Notes and a Glossary. 
 In 4 vols. crown 8vo, i6s. 
 
 Recreations of Christopher North. 
 
 By Professor WILSON. In 2 vols. crown 8vo, 8s. 
 
 Tales. 
 
 By Professor WILSON. Comprising ' The Lights and 
 Shadows of Scottish Life,' 'The Trials of Margaret 
 Lyndsay, ' and ' The Foresters. ' In I vol. crown 8vo, 
 43. cloth. 
 
Recent Publications. 1 1 
 
 Professor Wilson's Poems. 
 
 Containing the * Isle of Palms,' the ' City of the Plague,' 
 'Unimore,' and other Poems. Complete Edition. 
 Crown 8vo, 45. 
 
 The Maid of Sker. 
 
 By R. D. BLACKMORE, Author of 'Lorna Doone,' 
 &c. A New Edition, crown 8vo, 75. 6d. 
 
 Fair to See. 
 
 By LAURENCE W. M. LOCKHART, Author of ' Doubles 
 and Quits.' Originally published in 'Blackwood's 
 Magazine.' Second Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 Poetical Works of Thomas Aird. 
 
 Fourth Edition. In i vol. fcap. 8vo, 6s. 
 
 The Odyssey and Iliad of Homer. 
 
 Translated into English Verse in the Spenserian Stanza. 
 By PHILIP STANHOPE WORSLEY and Professor CON- 
 INGTON. 4 vols. crown 8vo, 393. 
 
 The Metamorphoses of Publius Ovidius Naso. 
 
 Translated in English Blank Verse. By HENRY KING, 
 M.A., Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford, and of the 
 Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law. Crown 8vo, los. 6d. 
 
 The Odes, Epodes, and Satires of Horace, 
 
 Translated into English Verse, together with a Life of 
 Horace. By THEODORE MARTIN. To this Edition 
 (the Third of the Odes and Epodes) a Translation of 
 the Satires has been for the first time added. Post 
 8vo, 95. 
 
 OTHER TRANSLATIONS BY THEODORE MARTIN : 
 Catullus. 
 
 With Life and Notes. Post 8vo, 6s. 6d. 
 
 Aladdin : A Dramatic Poem. 
 
 By ADAM OEHLENSCHLAEGER. Fcap. 8vo, 55. 
 
1 2 Messrs Biackwood and Sons' 
 
 Correggio: A Tragedy. 
 
 By OEHLENSCHLAEGER. With Notes. Fcap. 8vo, 35. 
 
 King Rene's Daughter: A Danish Lyrical Drama. 
 By HENRIK HERTZ. Second Edition. Fcap., 2s. 6d. 
 
 Drawing-Room Dramas for Children. 
 
 By W. G. WILLS, Author of 'Charles I.,' &c., and 
 the Hon. Mrs GREENE. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 Charles the First. 
 
 AN HISTORICAL TRAGEDY IN FOUR ACTS. By W. 
 G. WILLS, Author of 'The Man o' Airlie,' ' Medsea,' 
 &c. 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 Sermons. 
 
 By the Rev. JOHN CAIRD, D.D., Professor of Divinity 
 in the University of Glasgow, and one of Her Majesty's 
 Chaplains for Scotland. In crown 8vo, 55. This Edi- 
 tion includes the Sermon on ' Religion in Common 
 Life,' preached in Crathie Church, Oct. 1855, before 
 Her Majesty the Queen and the late Prince Consort. 
 
 " They are noble sermons ; and we are not sure but that, with the cultivated reader, 
 they will gain rather than lose by being read, not heard. There is a thoughtfulness and 
 depth about them which can hardly be appreciated, unless when they are studied at 
 leisure : and there are so many sentences so felicitously expressed that we should grudge 
 being hurried away from them by a rapid speaker, without being allowed to enjoy them 
 a second time." Fraser's Mayazine. 
 
 Religion in Common Life: 
 
 A Sermon preached in Crathie Church, October 14, 
 1855, before Her Majesty the Queen and Prince Albert. 
 By the Rev. JOHN CAIRD, D. D. Published by Her 
 Majesty's Command. Bound in cloth, 8d. Cheap 
 Edition, 3d. 
 
 The Doctrine of Holy Scripture respecting the Atone- 
 ment. By THOMAS J. CRAWFORD, D.D., Professor 
 of Divinity in the University of Edinburgh. 8vo, I2s. 
 
 " An admirable repository of theological literature upon the question." Evangelical 
 Rfpository. 
 
 "Marked by sound judgment and ripe learning, great calmness, candour, and a rever- 
 ence for Scripture teaching, which is itself a wholesome rebuke to this rationalistic age." 
 Secession Magazine. 
 
 " This sound, solid, and satisfactory treatise." Weekly Review. 
 
 " A volume which we can heartily commend." freeman. 
 
 " One of the most valuable of recent contributions from the orthodox side to the litera- 
 ure of this great subject." North British Daily Mail. 
 
Recent Publications. 1 3 
 
 Family Prayers. 
 
 Authorised by the General Assembly of the Church of 
 Scotland. Crown 8vo, red edges, 45. 6d. 
 
 Hours of Christian Devotion. 
 
 Translated from the German of A. THOLUCK, D.D., 
 Professor of Theology in the University of Halle ; 
 Councillor of the Supreme Consistory, Prussia. By 
 ROBERT MENZIES, D.D. With a Preface written by 
 the Author for this Translation. In 8vo, 95. 
 
 " We can heartily commend the book to our readers, promising them that they will 
 derive from it a stimulus to their piety, and a solace in hours of darkness." Sm 
 formist. 
 
 ' A most masterly 
 layman need have 
 not readily lay asid 
 
 The Christian Ttii 
 
 ' and admirable book. . . . For Sunday -evening reading the Christian 
 no better book. Even those who ' care for none of these things ' will 
 ie a work which is so inviting in language and forcible in thought." 
 
 The Six of Spades. 
 
 A Book about the Garden and the Gardener. By S. 
 REYNOLDS HOLE, Author of 'A Book about Roses,' 
 &c. Crown 8vo, 55. 
 
 " We may, in conclusion, recommend the whole book to the attention of our readers 
 as one which will afford them much amusement on a winter's night. . . . It is written 
 by one who really loves flowers, and wishes to lead others to worship at the same shrine ; 
 and we wish the book success." Journal of Horticulture. 
 
 " This is Mr Hole's chef-d'oeuvre, and brings us nearer to him in thought and sympathy 
 than any other of his works. . . . The book is a mixture of fiction and philosophy, 
 and Mr Hole is a cheerful and healthy master of both, teaching wholesome truths in a 
 kindly and cheerful way."- -The Gardeners' Magazine. 
 
 Dedicated by Special Permission to Her Majesty. 
 
 The Royal Atlas of Modern Geography. 
 
 A Series of Entirely Original and Authentic Maps. 
 By ALEX. KEITH JOHNSTON, LL.D., F.R.S.E., 
 F.R.G.S. A new Edition, brought up to the present 
 time, containing a new Map of North Polar Regions. 
 In imperial folio, half-bound morocco, ^5, 155. 6d. 
 
 Dedicated by Permission to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. 
 
 The Handy Royal Atlas. 
 
 By the SAME AUTHOR. Forty-Five Maps, clearly 
 Printed and carefully Coloured, with General Index. 
 With Indices to each Map, comprising nearly 150,000 
 Names of Places contained in the Atlas. A new 
 Edition, brought up to the present time, containing a 
 new Map of North Polar Regions. In imperial 410, 
 half-bound morocco, 2, 12s. 6d. 
 
14 Messrs Blackwooa and Sons' 
 
 Essays on Social Subjects. 
 
 From the ' Saturday Review.' A new Edition. First 
 and Second Series. 2 vols. crown 8vo, 6s. each. 
 
 " In their own way of simple, straightforward reflection upon life, the present century 
 has produced no essays better than these." Examiner. 
 
 " We shall welcome the author again if he has more to say on topics which he treats so 
 well." Guardian. 
 
 Thorndale; or^ The Conflict of Opinions. 
 
 By WILLIAM SMITH. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, 
 IDS. 6d. 
 
 The Handy Book of Fruit Culture under Glass : 
 Being a Series of Practical Treatises on the Cultivation 
 and Forcing of Pines, Vines, Peaches, Figs, Melons, 
 Strawberries, and Cucumbers, with Engravings of Hot- 
 houses, &c., most suitable for the Cultivation and 
 Forcing of these Fruits. By DAVID THOMSON, Author 
 of ' Handy Book of the Flower-Garden.' In crown 
 8vo, with Engravings, ys. 6d. 
 
 Handy Book of the Flower-Garden: 
 
 Being Plain Practical Directions for the Propagation, 
 Culture, and Arrangement of Plants in Flower-Gardens 
 all the Year Round. By DAVID THOMSON, Gardener 
 to the Duke of Buccleuch, Drumlanrig, N.B. Second 
 Edition, Revised and Enlarged, 73. 6d. 
 
 " Nowadays the flower-garden is such a very important and interesting subject to many, 
 that almost any book on the subject is sure to find readers ; but as this is written by one of 
 the best gardeners in the country, and one, moreover, thoroughly master of the modern 
 system of decoration, it deserves more attention than any book published on this or 
 allied subjects of recent years."-7V t e Field. 
 
 " This is essentially a book for amateurs, and every amateur who is fortunate enough 
 to be its possessor, or who may merely skim over its pages, will, we are assured, agree with 
 us in regarding its author as being entitled to great praise for the simple and clear manner 
 in which he has explained the cultural directions, which, if carefully complied with, will 
 enable the non-professional floriculturist to grow plants as well as any gardener." Gar- 
 deners' CJironicte. 
 
 A Book About Roses : 
 
 How to Grow and Show them. By S. REYNOLDS 
 HOLE, Author of 'A Little Tour in Ireland.' Fourth 
 Edition, 73. 6d. 
 
 " The production of a man who boasts of thirty ' All England ' cups : whose roses are 
 always looked for anxiously at flower-shows ; who took the lion's share in originating the 
 first rose-show ; whose assistance as judge and amicus curice is always courted at such ex- 
 hibitions. Such a man ought to have something to say to those who love the rose, and 
 he HAS said it. "-Gardners' Chronicle. 
 
Recent Publications. 1 5 
 
 The Handy Book of Hardy Herbaceous Perennial 
 and Alpine Flowers for the Flower-Garden. By WiL- 
 LIAM SUTHERLAND, Gardener to the Earl of Minto, 
 formerly Manager of the Herbaceous Department at 
 Kew. In i vol. crown 8vo, 8s. 6d. 
 
 The Handy Book of Bees, 
 
 And their Profitable Management. By A. PETTIGREW, 
 Rusholme. With Engravings, 45. 6d. 
 
 " The author of this volume is evidently a practical man, and knows a great deal more 
 about bees and their habits than most of the bee-keepers in England ; indeed, he may be 
 said to be a very master in the art of bee-mysteries." Bell's Life in London. 
 
 IN THE PRESS. 
 
 FABLES IN SONG. 
 
 [By EGBERT LORD LYTTON. 
 
 Author of 'Poems by Owen Meredith.' 
 Two vols. crown 8vo. 
 
 MR KINGLAKE'S 
 Fifth, or " Inkerman Volume," of 
 
 THE INVASION OF THE CRIMEA. 
 THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY IN EUROPE 
 
 VOL. I., CONTAINING THE HISTORY OF THAT PHILOSOPHY IN 
 
 FRANCE AND GERMANY. 
 By ROBERT FLINT, 
 
 Professor of Moral Philosophy and Political Economy, University of 
 St Andrews. 
 
 . THE SECOND VOLUME OF MR HOSACK'S 
 
 MARY QUEEN OF SOOTS AND HER ACCUSERS. 
 
 EMBRACING A NARRATIVE or EVENTS FROM THE DEATH OP 
 JAMBS V. IN 1542, UNTIL THE DEATH OF 
 
 QUEEN MARY IN 1587. 
 
 Containing a Variety of Documents never before published. 
 (This Volume will complete the Work.) 
 
1 6 Messrs Blackwood 6 Sonf Recent Publications. 
 
 ANCIENT CLASSICS FOR ENGLISH READERS. 
 
 EDITED BY THE 
 
 REV. W. LUCAS COLLINS, M.A. 
 2s. od., bound in cloth. 
 
 The aim of the present series will be to explain, sufficiently for 
 general readers, who these great writers were, and what they wrote ; 
 to give, wherever possible, some connected outline of the story which 
 they tell, or the facts which they record, checked by the results of 
 modern investigations; to present some of their most striking pas- 
 sages in approved English translations, and to illustrate them gene- 
 rally from modern writers; to serve, in short, as a popular retrospect 
 of the chief literature of Greece and Rome. 
 
 The Volumes published contain 
 
 1. Homer: The Iliad. By the EDITOR. 
 
 2. Homer: The Odyssey. By the SAME. 
 
 3. Herodotus. By GEORGE C. SWAYNE, M.A. 
 
 4. Ccesar. By ANTHONY TROLLOPE. 
 
 5. Virgil. By the EDITOR. 
 
 6. Horace. By THEODORE MARTIN. 
 
 7. ^Eschylus. By REGINALD S. COPLESTON, B.A. 
 
 8. Xenophon. By Sir ALEXANDER GRANT. 
 
 9. Cicero. By the EDITOR. 
 
 10. Sophocles. By CLIFTON W. COLLINS, M.A. 
 
 11. Pliny's Letters. By the Rev. ALFRED CHURCH, M. A. , 
 
 and the Rev. W. J. BRODRIBB, M.A. 
 
 12. Euripides. By W. B. DONNE. 
 
 13. Juvenal. By EDWARD WALFORD, M.A. 
 
 14. Aristophanes. By the EDITOR. 
 
 15. Hesiod and Theognis. By the Rev. J. DAVIS, M.A. 
 
 16. Plautus and Terence. By the EDITOR. 
 
 17. Tacitus. By W. B. DONNE. 
 
 18. Lucian. By the EDITOR. 
 
 A Volume will be published quarterly. 2s. 6d. 
 
 "It is impossible to praise too highly the conception and execu- 
 tion of this series of the Classics. They are a kind of 'Bibliotheca 
 Classicorum ' for unlearned readers, but executed by men of the most 
 accomplished scholarship, and therefore conveying the very colour 
 and tone of the authors They will be as pleasant to scholars as they 
 are valuable to those who know only their mother tongue. "British 
 Quarterly Review. 
 
 " We anticipate that the judicious and novel design of such a series 
 will meet, as it deserves, with widespread and lasting favour; and 
 that, with its success, juster ideas will more generally prevail of the 
 characteristics of the great writers of old." Saturday Review. 
 
j! 
 
THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA CRUZ 
 
 SCIENCE LIBRARY 
 
 This book is due on the last DATE stamped below. 
 
 To renew by phone, call 459-2050. 
 
 Books not returned or renewed within 14 days 
 
 after due date are subject to billing. 
 
 Scries 2477 
 
3 2106 00242 9515