HOP THE CLIFF DW MARTHA JEWETT HOPI THE CLIFF-DWELLER BY MARTHA JEWETT EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING CO. Boston New York Chicago San Francisco Copyright, 1909 BV EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY T O the smaU travelers whose hands are knocking at the doors of the lands of the un- known, this volume is dedicated, with the sympathy of one who has passed that way before, and the hope that they may be led into larger realms of thought. 26115G SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS "Hopi the Cliff-Dweller" is designed for children of the second primary grade. Reading, Language, and Liter- ature go hand in hand ; one cannot be taught without the other. It may be used as a basis for language work in the hands of the teacher, then as a reader in the hands of the children. Extensive work in language should precede, having children reproduce orally. Let them express by means of charcoal or water color, or work out concretely on the sand table. When the children have " lived " with these Cliff- dwellers; when they have learned all about their life and habits, and can reproduce in substance; then they are pre- pared to read. The vocabulary may be found at the back of the book. All new words should be developed on the blackboard, be- fore the reading lesson, either by phonics or word-building, according to the judgment of the teacher. 6 HOPI THE CLIFF-DWELLEK HOPI THE CLIFF-DWELLER Here is a Cliff-dweller. The Cliff-dwellers were Indians. They lived hundreds of years ago. The Cliff-dwellers lived in this country before Columbus came here. 8 Would you not like to visit the homes of the Clifif-dwellers? They lived in the far West. The land there has hills like tables. These high hills are of red sandstone. The sides of these table-lands are called cliffs. The sun shines bright and hot on them. The Cliff-dwellers lived on these cliffs. The cliffs looked down into canyons. Canyons are the deep hollows between the table-lands. There are some very deep hollows. Many cool springs flow from them. You may drink from these springs. 9 The Cliff-dwellers' houses were on the high cliffs. They also had farms. The farms were down in the valleys. But the houses were high up on the mountains. There were no trees near. 10 The Cliff-dwellers built their houses of rock. The walls of rock were put together with a plaster made of mud. Openings were left in the walls. Stones were placed against these holes to keep out enemies. 11 HOPI Hopi was a little Cliff-dweller. He was an Indian boy. He had dark skin and coarse, black hair. His head was flat, because he had been tied to a board when he was small. 12 His teeth were hard and white, and were worn oflf from munching corn. Hopi's mother hiid him up against the rocks when he was little. She pounded the corn for dinner. His father was often away from home. He hunted with his bow and arrows. He wore a shirt woven from strips of the bark of the basswood tree. Around his neck was a string of bright- colored beads. In winter he wore loose trousers of buckskin, which came just below his knee. He wore leggings, too, and moccasins made of skin. 13 Hopi had thick, coarse hair. He made a brush of leaves of stiff grass tied together. He brushed his hair with this brush. Then he stuck a turkey feather in his hair. The Cliff-dwellers were not a very clean people. They had very little water. They sometimes went to far off streams for water. Hopi's home was built high upon the cliffs. It was made of rocks brought from the sides of the mountains. 14 The walls of Hopi's home were plastered with mud. His mother plastered these walls. She left the mark of her palm on the soft plaster. There were steps cut into the rock. 15 Long ladders were also used for climb- ing up and down. These ladders were made from trees, which grew far away on the rocky slopes. With stone axe and knife they chopped down these trees and trimmed their tops. They cut cross-pieces and bound them with green bark. In Hopi's house there were four rooms with small, round openings. At the back was a granary. This granary was a store-room high up in a nook of the rocky wall. Here were the large water jars filled with water, and bins of corn and beans. 16 There was no furniture in this house. There was only a stone bench. This stone bench was all around the room. It was often used for a table. There were stone boxes, too. 17 Hopi's father was a potter. He made oUas, or water jars, from the wet clay. He put the jars in the hot sun, and baked them. He painted pictures on them. He painted them in bright colors. 18 Hopi's father was a hunter. He hunted the wild deer, that his family might have meat. He hung the deer meat in the store- room. He killed the deer with his bow and arrows. He skinned it with a stone knife. Hopi's father was a warrior. A warrior is a soldier. He fought the wild Indians with his tomahawk of stone. He had a bow and stone-tipped arrows. He fought with stone knives and wooden clubs. 19 /■ i .j.j.ui;.l.vj,w»^UJJA.>tilk-Ji->.^^^^^ 5?;7^v^™7Ti55rrT5!;?rj!T!srT7;!«!r^^ Hopi's father was a farmer. He planted the corn on the rough mountain sides between the rocks. He planted the beans in the dirt on the cliffs. Hopf s father was a weaver. He wove baskets of dried grass. 20 He plaited the corn husks which he had torn into strips. He made sandals out of them. He wove shirts from strips of the bass- wood bark. Hopi's father herded the turkeys. Hopi had a turkey for a pet. He had a blanket made from its feathers. He put a feather in his hair. Hopi's father made stone arrow heads and si3ear heads. He made axes and hammers of stone. He tied them to wooden handles with strips of bark. 21 Hopi'8 mother cooked the dinner. She gathered an armfnl of cedar twigs. She took a piece of steel and a flint. She struck them together to get a spark of fire. This spark lighted the brush. Now she had made the fire. 22 Hopi's mother cooked in the baskets. She wove these baskets from dried grass. She filled the baskets with water. Then she dropped hot stones into the water. The stones made the water hot. Hopi's mother pounded the corn with a stone. She mixed the pounded corn with water. Then she poured this mixture on a hot stone. This is the way she made the piki or paper bread. 23 -^•^ Hopi's house had a store-room. In this store-room was kept the meat. Bins filled with corn and beans were here. The water jars were put in here, too. Back of this room was a reservoir. 24 This reservoir was a place sunk in the rocks for holding water. When it rained, the water came down and filled it. In the dry season it was empty. The water was used for cooking and drinking. 25 There was a ledge before the door of the house. This ledge was the yard. Hopi played hi the yard. His brother Ninah played with him. Hopi loved his brother. His dog Lobo played with them. Hopi loved his dog. Lobo was a yellow dog. He had white spots. He was a wolf dog. Let us play we are Cliff-dwellers. We will build our house of rocks on a high place. We will plaster the walls with wet clay. 26 We will plant corn between the rocks on the hillside. We will tend the garden. We will herd the turkeys. We will plant the grain. Then we shall be farmers. Let us make water jars of wet clay. We can put them in the sun and bake them. Then we shall be potters. Would you like to be a weaver? We will weave baskets as the Cliff- dwellers did. We will weave the baskets from the dried grass. 27 HOPI IN PEISON Hopi grew into a large, strong boy. He was as old as we are — just six years old. He played on the rocks with his brother. They played together just as all little boys do. The little Indian boy made strings of beads. The beads were of many colors. He wore these beads around his neck. Hopi and his brother were very happy. They laughed and talked together in their language. 28 The Cliff-dwellers spoke the Hopi lan- guage. They understood each other just as we do when we talk to one another. We Avould think their language a very strange one. We could not understand them. Do you think you would like to string beads with Hopi on the high cliffs? Hopi would always greet you by say- ing, "Lolami." "Lolami" means "Good morning" in the language of the Cliff-dwellers. Hopi always said "Lolami" to all whom he met. 29 When Hopi was six years old, he and his brotlier Ninah were playing on the cliffs outside their rocky house. They were playing in the door yard on the ledge. They were making necklaces out of red berries. 30 They laughed and were very happy. Their dog Lobo was with them. All at once the children heard terrible « noises down the cliffs. The air was full of yells. The wild Indians had come to fight and kill them. To their home up on the cliff came the wild Indians. They scaled the high rocks. They climbed up the niche stairway, cut in the side of the cliff. These wild men had painted faces, with feathers in their hair, and tomahawks in their hands. 31 The quiet Cliff-dwellers fought with them, for they had come to kill them. The war-whoops sounded again and again, up and down the canyon. They were all fighting for their lives. Ilopi's father pushed one wicked Indian over the ledge. 32 He fell far down to the bottom of the deep valley and was killed. Another Cliff-dweller threw the Indian's brother like a war club over the ledge, to lie by the dead Indian. Before Hopi could think, his mother rushed out and took him in her arms. She thrust him into the granary and put the large stone against the door. This store-room was at the rear of the house. Now, she thought, the wicked Indians cannot get him. In the next room, he heard his dear mother scream. 33 She screamed when one of the wild Indians folloAved her to kill her. Frightened almost to death, little Hopi scarcely dared to breathe. He listened. He was very much afraid. What should he do? Did he hear his mother's voice calling her boy, "Hopi," "Hopi"? O why did his mother not come to him? He could hear nothing. All was still, so terribly still, that his heart gave a jump, then almost stopped beating. 34 He called "Mother!" "Father!" Then he called "Indian!" "Anyone!" No mother's voice answered the little boy. Where were they? Had they all been killed? Poor little Hopi! 35 He cried until, tired out, he sank upon the floor, asleep. He dreamed sweet dreams. In these dreams he and his brother Ninah were stringing berries for neck- laces. His mother was cooking dinner. His father was down in the valleys tending the gardens. At last he awoke. How long ago it seemed since he had been a happy little boy, playing on the rocks ! He was alone, now, shut up in this room. 36 He could not get out. Against the opening his mother had put a stone. This stone was so heavy that he could not move it. Happily, for him, in this granary were corn and beans piled high. There were boxes of dried meat. This meat was pomided fine. Hopf s father had put the meat here. He had laid it between melted tallow. There were rolls of piki or paper bread, which his mother had cooked. In one corner were hi^ winter leggings and trousers. 37 In the reservoir, over the wall, there was water. Stout wooden pegs were fastened in the wall Hopi could climb to the top by these pegs, and reach the small opening above. This opening led into the reservoir. Hopi was a very hungry boy. He ate the piki and buffalo meat. Then he drank the water that he found in the water jar. When he was satisfied, he sat on a pile of buffalo robes to think. How strange it was! Do you not feel sorry for Hopi? 38 What would you have done? He knew that his mother and father must be dead. If not, they would have come to him. They would not have left him alone through the long, dark night. No sound came to him, yet he listened. He listened and waited. Should he cry? No, he would be brave. Besides, who could hear him? But the tears would slip out of the corners of his eyes. Down his cheeks they came, faster and faster, until he cried as hard as he could. 39 Just then he heard the howl of a wolf. The wolf was calling to his mate. Hopi was not afraid. He felt that he was not alone. He climbed up to the hole that opened into the reservoir. He could see the wolf. 40 He sat for hours looking across the water. He wished he could get out into the air and sunshine. The water in the jar was gone. How could he get any water from tlie reservoir ? It was so near and yet so far. He could not reach down to the water. He would bring the water to him. He took the leather thongs off the ends of the meat boxes. He used one for a rope. He drew up water in his mug. In this way he filled the jar. 41 As the days passed, he looked upon this room as his home. He pounded his corn. He ate it uncooked, as he did not know how to make a fire. He sat on one box and used the other for a table. One day he heard a noise in the house like scratching. He knew it was his dog. "Lobo! Lobo!" he cried, "Lobo!" "My dear dog Lobo!" He was answered by a joyful bark. The dog ran hither and thither, trying to reach Hopi. 42 He ran around the house. He ran to the shelf of the reservoir. Hopi climbed up and saw him looking at him across the water. He jumped from the hole down into the opening. Oh, how happy they were! 43 Hopi hugged him, and Lobo barked with joy. Now Hopi was not so lonesome. Lobo went in and out, bringing Hopi rabbits to eat. Hopi talked to him in his own lan- guage. Lobo understood him. One day Lobo went away. He did not come back. Hopi waited and waited. No Lobo came back. Several days and nights followed, but he did not come. Poor little Hopi! 44 He would sit in the opening and watch the sunlight come and go. He drew up the water in the basket. He felt very lonely. He looked again and again for Lobo. Where was he? Had he been killed? Had he forgotten his little friend Hopi? One night an owl flew down into his room. He welcomed him gladly. How happy he was to see some one. He fed him with pieces of buffalo meat. They grew to be great friends. 45 The owl's night is the day, you know. He can see better at night. They were happy companions. When a long time had passed, whom do you think came to Hopi? His dog Lobo. What do you think he brought to Hopi? 46 His mother's shoe. He barked and wagged his tail. Hopi would never know what had hap- pened to him. Now Hopi began to notice that the supply of meat, corn, and beans would soon be gone. He must get out of this place or he would starve. The water, too, in the reservoir was almost gone. What should he do? He sat in the opening and looked down into the reservoir. A thought seemed to come to him. 47 Lobo was with him as usual. He filled the baskets with the few beans and grains of corn that were left. He tied the strips of leather on the baskets. All this time, Lobo jumped up and down, barking joyfully. He seemed to understand when Hopi told him that he was going out into the world with him. He ran backwards and forwards. Hopi threw the leather strips through the hole into the reservoir. Then he climbed up and cast a long, loving glance at the room below. 4:8 49 He felt sorry to leave this room that had sheltered him so long. It had been his home for two long years, although he did not know this, for he could not keep account of the time. He, Lobo, and the owl had lived, for the most part, a pleasant life. Lobo was calling to him from the cliff outside the reservoir. He must go! He jumped into the reservoir. What a long jump it was! But he landed safely on his feet. He pulled the baskets carefully into the reservoir. 50 51 Now how could he get upon the ledge that ran around the reservoir? First, he stood on top of the baskets, but they all tumbled to the floor. He looked hard at the straight wall. Lobo was at his feet barking, talking to him in his dog language. Oh! he would get on Lobo's back. So he stood up on Lobo's back, and threw the strips over the ledge. In this way he could pull the baskets to him when he was on the other side. He climbed up slowly. Lobo gave one loud bark. Hopi was safe! 52 HOPrS ESCAPE FEOM PRISON When Hopi was safely upon the ledge, Lobo jumped up after him. Hopi pulled up his baskets. Away these two would now go into the great world. Hopi had at last made his escape from his dark prison. He walked around the house. He found a stone knife and a ladder. His father had made this ladder. He climbed the ladder and went into the front rooms. There was nothing to be seen. Everything was gone. 53 Hopi was thirsty. He and Lobo must go in search of water. Side by side they climbed up and down the cliffs and canyons. How good it was to breathe the fresh air and walk in the sunshine! How good it was to be free! Soon they would go and find Hopi's mother. Hopi knew that Lobo would surely find her. How the little boy longed to see her! They had not gone far, when they spied the gleam of water. 54 vV«i- ^V'k It was a small stream, which was fed by a cold spring. Hopi and Lobo took a refreshing drink. Hopi then retraced his steps toward his old home. In another storehouse he found corn, beans and meat. 55 He tied the legs of his trousers tightly around the bottom. He filled one leg with corn and the other with beans. He bound a piece of deer meat on Lobo's back. Lobo had a basket in his mouth. This basket was for water. Hopi said "Good-bye" to his old home. He would go far west and hunt for his people. He and Lobo started on the journey. They drank from the little streams. They slept together under the stars. They traveled for many days. 56 At last they saw houses in the distance. Lobo barked joyfully. He tried to tell Hopi something. Hopi wondered what he meant. As they approached these houses on the cliffs, Hopi saw that they looked like his own that he had left behind. 57 People came running out to him. They were his own people. One woman rushed forward and gath- ered him to her bosom. It was his long-lost mother! She kissed him, and cried, "My son Hopi!". The wicked Indians had taken his mother prisoner. She had run away from them and found her people. They had been driven away from their homes. They had settled here. She had often longed for her son Hopi. 58 She thought he had been killed by the wicked Navahos. Now Hopi and Lobo were truly happy. Hopi told all his people how he had escaped from prison. They prepared a great feast for him. Hopi understood now where I^obo had been those weeks, when he had missed him so much. Now he knew where he had gotten his mother's shoe. Good old Lobo! How all the people loved him for his kindness to Hopi! Do you think Lobo was a good friend? "LOLAMI" " Lolami," call the springs among the foot-hills, " Lolami," gleam the peaches in the sun. As brown-limbed lads do bravely breast the swift rills And merry maidens up the niche stair run. While daring fathers boldly hunt the wild deer And loving mothers weave their baskets bright; 59 60 Or happy farmers glean their grain, the home near, And potters mold their clay before the night. "Good morning," to the dwellers of the cliff-land. Fleet morning passing all too soon away. And leaving but a memory of the brown band. That fought and lived and conquered in its day. — Margaret Randolph Jewett AN INDIAN LEGEND In the heavens there are seven little stars. These stars are called the Pleiades. They look as if they were quite close together. Sometimes people call them the Little Dipper. The Indians tell a story about these stars. There were once seven little Indian boys who were great friends. Cl 62 Every night they used to come to a little mound to dance and feast. They would first eat corn and beans, and then one of their number would sit upon the mound and sing, while the others danced around the mound. One time they thought they would have a much grander feast than usual, and each agreed what he would bring for it. But their parents would not give them what they wanted, and the lads met at the mound without their feast. The singer took his place and began his song, while his companions started to dance. ' 63 As they danced they forgot their sor- rows and "their heads and hearts grew lighter," until at last they flew up into the air. Their parents saw them as they rose, and cried out to them to return; but up and up they went until they were changed into the seven stars. Now one of the Pleiades is dimmer than the rest, and they say that it is the little singer, who is homesick and pale because he wants to return, but cannot. 64 VOCABULAKY Page 7 visit them Hopi homes looked Cliff-dweller far down here West into is land canyons were there deep Indians has hollows lived hills between hundreds tables some years these very ago high many this are cool country red springs before sandstone flow Columbus sides from came called may Page 8 cliffs drank would sun Page 9 you shines houses not bright also Uke hot had 65 farms keep off valleys out from but enemies munching mountain Page 11 corn trees little mother near boy laid Page 10 dark him built skin up their coarse she rock black pounded walls hair dinner put his father together head often with flat away plaster because hunted made tied bow' mud board arrows openings when wore left small shirt stones Page 12 woven placed teeth stripe against white bark holes worn basswood 66 around grass stone neck tied axe string stuck knife bright-colored turkey chopped beads feather trimmed winter very tops loose clean cross-pieces trousers people bound buckskin water green which brought four came Page 14 rooms just mark back below palm granary knee soft store-room leggings steps nook too cut large moccasin Page 15 jars skin long filled E 13 ladders bins thick used beans brush climbing Page 16 leaves grew furniture stiff slopes only 67 bench wild pet boxes tomahawk blanket I»AGE 17 stone-tipped heads potter wooden spear oUas clubs hammers wet Page 19 handles clay farmer Page 21 baked planted cooked painted rough gathered pictures sides armful Page 18 between cedar wild dirt twigs deer weaver took that wove piece family baskets steel might dried flint have Page 20 struck meat plaited spark bring husks fire skinned torn lighted warrior into now soldier sandals Page 22 fought herded mixed 68 poured played neck mixture brother brother piki Ninah happy paper loved laughed bread dog language Page 23 Lobo Page 28 kept yellow understood back white another reservoir spots think Page 24 wolf strange place Page 26 would suuk hillside greet holdiug tend " Lolami " rained garden whom dry grain Page 29 season Page 27 outside empty large rocky cooking strong making drinking old necklaces Page 25 just berries ledge played Page 30 door colors heard yard around terrible 69 noises thought Page 36 yells cannot heavy scaled dear move niche scream happily stairway Page 33 melted painted almost tallow faces death Page 37 PaCxE 31 scarcely stout quiet dared pegs fought breathe reach war-whoop listened fastened pushed jump hungry sounded beating satisfied wicked Page 34 buffalo Page 32 anyone sorry bottom answered Page 38 valley Page 35 knew threw sank slip rushed dreamed corners thrust sweet cheeks granary shut faster store-i-oom awoke until rear opening hard ro Page 39 trying Page 46 howl lonesome shoe mate Page 43 wagged alone rabbits tail Page 40 away happened hours Page 44 notice across watch supply sunshine sunlight place reach drew starve bring lonely thought thongs forgotten Page 47 . ends friend usual boxes night jiuuped rope owl joyfully mug flew world Page 41 welcomed backwards passed gladly forwards uncooked pieces Page 49 scratching great felt joyful Page 45 leave bark better sheltered hither companion although thither passed account 71 pleasant Page 53 drank - outside thirsty slept landed search under safely breathe traveled pulled fresh Page 56 carefully air joyfully Page 51 free tried stood surely wondered tumbled longed meant straight spied approached barking gleam behind pull Page 54 Page 57 slowly refreshing people loud retraced ^ running Page 52 toward woman escape another rushed prison Page 55 forward two tied bosom great legs kissed world tightly wicked dark good-bye prisoner walked started driven found journey settled 72 Page 58 Page 60 grander killed glean usual Navahos mold each truly night agreed told passing parents prepared fleet place feast memory Page 63 weeks band forgot kindness conquered sorrows friend Page 61 heads Page 59 heavens hearts peaches seven lighter brown-limbed stars rose lads Pleiades return bravely quite changed breast close dimmer swift Dipper homesick rills story merry Page 62 maidens mound daring dance boldly number wild sing 14 DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED LOAN DEPT. This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subjea to immediate recall. -'53f® NOV 1^1958LU i> i^(b ^ 'JlKc UNiVhRSilYof CALIFGR^! BERKELEY igCCtR-MW^^*^ ;-l ST W!^ >3.'9 lOffnr SEP 1 5 75 OCT 2 9 1977 (6889sI0)?76B General Library University of California Berkeley U,C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES C03Q1STD10 261156