!'■. 
 
 ,t....'^
 
 AN IMPROVED 
 
 SYSTEM OF MNEMONICS; 
 
 OR 
 
 ^ct Of llgststmg fte Jlemorp, 
 
 SIMPLIFIED, 
 
 AND. ADAPTED TO THE GENERAL BRANCHES OF LITERATURE; 
 
 WITH 
 
 ji DICTIONARY OF WORDS, 
 
 USED AS SIGNS OF THE ARITHMETICAL FIGURES. 
 
 'E^Bvpov civroti, Vfia./J.fji.a'Tiev re a-yvfllJ-tif, 
 Mvii/*»iv fl'joTTiivTov ViivfofA,hTOf ipykvnv. 
 
 ^schyl. Prom. Vinct. 468. 
 ^^^.^.••-^.^ 
 " Mother of Wisdom ! thou, whose sway 
 '* The thronged ideal hosts obey, 
 •' Who bid'st their ranks now vanish, now appear, 
 ** Flame in the van, or darken in the rear," 
 
 " While every flower in Fancy's cliine, 
 
 " Each gem of old heroic Time, 
 
 '• Cull'd by the hand of the industrious Muse, 
 
 " Around thy shrine their blended beams diffuse." 
 
 Mason on Memory. 
 
 BY THOMAS COGLAN. 
 
 MNEMONICS, VOL. I. 
 
 CONTAINING THE 
 
 PRIMARY ARRANGEMENT OF THE SYSTEMi 
 
 APPLICATION TO FIGURES, 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL ASSOCIATIONS, 
 
 AND THE MULTIPLICATION TABLE ARRANGED IN A NEW MANNER 
 
 FOR LEARNERS. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY C. CRADOCK AND W. JOY, PATERNOSTER-ROW^ 
 AND JOHN HATCHARD, PICCADILLY. 
 
 Price 95. with Plates^ 
 1813.
 
 \ 
 
 Cntereu at %t3tlonttfi' ^aXl. 
 
 ^"Vrintcd by W. Glindon, (lupett-itreet, Haymarkel, 
 
 L
 
 DEDICATION: 
 
 TO HIS 
 
 ROYAL HIGHNESS 
 
 THE DUKE OF SUSSEX. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 Honoured by your permission to dedicate 
 to your Royal Highness, this System of Mnemonics^ 
 I shall endeavour, in expressing my Gratitude, to 
 prove myself in this instance, not unw^orthy of your 
 Patronage, by avoiding the fulsome panegyrics that are too 
 frequently used on similar occasions ; satisfied that if your 
 Royal Highness's reputation, required the flimsy aid of 
 flattery, I should not derive honour from this inscription, 
 nor your Royal Highness credit from such eulogium. 
 
 I feel proud in being allov^ed to usher this production 
 to the public, under the auspices of your Royal Highness, 
 whose honourable exertions, in promoting the diflusion of 
 useful knowledge, are so well known throughout the 
 Empire. 
 
 With the hope that its utility may be appreciated by 
 your Royal Highness, 
 
 I subscribe myself, with great respect. 
 Your Royal Highness's 
 
 Obliged and obedient Servant, 
 
 THOMAS COGLAN. 
 London, June 30, 1813« 
 
 2000135
 
 rilEFACE. 
 
 IN introducing this system to the Public, the Author feels the 
 necessity of stating the motives that chiefly influenced him, in pre- 
 smning to appear before so high a tribunal. 
 
 Having delivered Lectures upon Mnemonics, in most of the 
 principal towns in the kingdom ; wherein he unfolded their general 
 principles, and particular arrangements, with instructions how to 
 adapt them to many of the leading branches of literature ; he 
 had the pleasure of observing the gratification, which the know- 
 ledge of the art gave to the greater part of those that attended him, 
 who were generally anxious in their enquiries, whether he meant to 
 publish the system, which they conceived would be useful as a book 
 of reference, either to direct their own operations, or instruct their 
 families; not a work merely to explain the theory, bitt in it also 
 to furnish associations for several subjects, that are fiequently 
 studied, and by many deemed essential to a good education. 
 
 To render it useful, this latter part was considered indispens- 
 able; for although the ingenuity, and utiUty of Mnemonics were 
 generally admitted, yet objections were often started to them, by 
 stating the difficulty, or apparent difficulty, of making proper or 
 suitable combinations, which the art required. 
 
 These objections were urged, paiticularly by those persons, 
 that were either engaged in business, or other pursuits, who were 
 desirous of commiting the assimilations to memory, but were not 
 inclined to take the trouble of making them. 
 
 Although the Author conceives himself to be unequal to an 
 Attempt of this kind, either to gain reputation for himself, or to il- 
 
 a
 
 11 
 
 lustrate the advaiitag'es of the system; ye4, thus solicited on one 
 side — ami stiong;ly convinced himself on the other, that his ar- 
 rangements may be found useful ; he ventures to ofler them to the 
 world, with all those hojies and fears, which {generally assail a 
 writer, that feels an honest anxiety to gain public support. 
 
 As the culprit who pleads his own cause, if he knows any thing 
 of human nature, is desirous of ingratiating himself with his 
 judges; so, many Authors actuated by similar motives ; anxious to 
 mitigate the severity of criticism, endeavour to effect their purpose 
 by well told tales of pressing occupations,— urgent invitations to 
 publish, &c. &c. occasioning the premature birth of their embryo 
 muse, — exposing it to the inclemencies of the Northern blast, ere 
 th'^y had cloalhed the first rude essay of their minds ! — Thus ren- 
 dering it ditlirult to disciiminate between those, who are really so 
 situated, and those who are only poetically so. 
 
 The writer of these pages knows, that if he attempted to di- 
 vert the Clitic's censure, by similar declarations, that (generally 
 considered) he has no meaas of securing himself from the uiual 
 charge of cautious Jictiun ; but his friends— his acquaintance, 
 will, he feels confident, recognize the veracity of his assertions ; 
 when he states, that situated as he has been for some time ; resid- 
 ing in a town scarcely more than a fortnight at one period — a con- 
 siderable portion of his time engaged in passing from place to place, 
 often at great distances — Lecturing — preparing for Lecturing, 6cc. 
 &c. — that his writing must be so frequently interrupted, as materi- 
 ally to derange that continuous chain of thought, which is neces- 
 sary to be preserved, in giving effect to the most simple operations 
 of the miud. Such has been his case throughout this little work, 
 which he hopes will plead in his favour for the imperfections that 
 may be found in it. 
 
 Although a considerable part of this System is the result of 
 the Author's own efforts : he has neither the folly, nor the vanity, 
 to lay claim to originality for the outlines of it. — The leading prin- 
 ciples, are the same as those practised by the Greeks and Romans ; 
 that Wire applied by no less a personage than the accomplished
 
 V 
 
 111 
 
 Cioei-0, who did not consider it to be nnwoilhy of the dignity of ^«* 
 mind, to call in the assistance of ait, to aid the eminent powers 
 he possessed from Nature. 
 
 Various ingenious treatises on Mnemonics have been pub- 
 lished within the last three hundred years, in France, Ger- 
 many, Rome, Venice, Franckfort, and England ; but the general 
 cultivation of the art, appears to have been suspended for some 
 time, until its recent revival in Germany; an account of which 
 may be seen in the Philosophical Magazine of December 180G— 
 It states that the science of Mnemonics was then taught with 
 great eclat in Germany, by M. Aretin, who may be accounted the 
 restorer of it : that he had permitted a pupil of his, M. Kcestner, a 
 Clergyman, to teach it at Leipsic; but exacting a promise from 
 him, not to suffer his pupils to write down his Lectures. 
 
 In the year 1807, Mr. Feinaigle, a native of Germany, pub- 
 licly taught the system at Paris ; since which period he visited 
 England, and has met that encouragement which ingenuity and 
 talent generally receives in this country. To that ingenious fo- 
 reigner we are indebted for the revival here, of a useful branch of 
 knowledge ; or rather a useful system, to enable us to acquire 
 knowledge with greater facility ; and although we may not be dis- 
 posed to admit its importance, to the extent he announces; it must 
 be allowed by all who have studied and applied it, to be materially 
 useful in many subjects. 
 
 To Mr. Feinaigle's Basis of the Mnemonic art, the writer of 
 these pages owes a considerable portion of his. — The foundation he 
 gratefully acknowledges he derived from him, by attending a course 
 of his Lectures ; the superstructure has been raised by himself. 
 He found that Gentleman's plan truly ingenious in many parts ; 
 although he cannot avoid observing, that it had (not merely to him- 
 self but to many others) a most formidable and unwieldy asoect at 
 first view. As nothing human is perfect, and as plans and sys- 
 tems devised by the greatest geniuses, have often received helps 
 from very moderate talent ; the writer had the boldness to attempt 
 improvements; whether he has succeeded or not, the Public, or
 
 that part of it wliirh is acquainted with Mr. F«>iriai5le's method* 
 and his, must decide. 
 
 To shew tliat real inipvovpinent, and not chang'e, was his ob- 
 ject; he lias adopted those parts of Mr. F.'s system, which he con- 
 ceiTcd desirable; altliough it wouUl be easy, so to new mould the 
 whole design, as to make it have very little appearance of the plan 
 taught by him. But as the writer knew, that a portion of the intel- 
 lectual part of the community had attended xMr. Feinaigle's Lectures, 
 he soujjht to make such chaug-es as would be efficient, and at the 
 same lime render it tolerably easy for those persons, to adopt the 
 present arrangement (if they felt its importance) without much 
 dirticulty. 
 
 He has therefore retained several of the consonants used by 
 Mr. F. to represent figures ; as he found that they would answer 
 the intended purposes, as well as any others he could select; but to 
 give an equality of strength to that part of the system, he was ne- 
 cessitated to niake some changes, which renders their powers more 
 equable. — Tie found that by his arrangement, some figures were ca- 
 pable of being expressed by twenty or thirty times the number of 
 words, that could be found for others ; this has been remedied in a 
 great degree by the present alteration. He has also given characters 
 for millions, thousands, and fractions; not done by Mr. F. 
 
 The symbols he has entirely changed for others that he has 
 found to be superior ; the advantages resulting from this change can- 
 nut be duly appreciated by any, but those who have become tolerably 
 familiar with the system. The Mnemonic student will feel the force 
 of his remarks when he observes, that symbols are devised to be the 
 repositoiies of our thoughts, to aid our recollection, by referring to 
 them as the media of reminiscence ; two principal things are there- 
 fore necessary to be attended to in their choice. 
 
 1st. That they should be of that nature, which may enable the 
 person who applies them, to commit them quickly to memory ; and 
 also to recal them in any order that may be required, with as little 
 mental exertion as possible. 
 
 2dly. That they should possess the qualities, of being readily
 
 made subservient to our various purposes, in all the combinations to 
 which they may be apphed. 
 
 To effect the first object, Mr. Feinaigle formed his symbols in 
 the same nianner as Joannes Romberch's, published at Venice in 
 1562— intending them to lepresent in form, the arithmetical figures in 
 the order of their notation ; in this he has succeeded only to a certain 
 extent ; the first eleven, and a few others, are tolerably well ma- 
 naged, but in the greater part the student derives but little help 
 from that source. Indeed, to succeed in a very indiiterent degree in 
 delineating them, it is evident that they must be very much dis- 
 torted, and it is necessary to hava recourse to confused and hetero- 
 geneous assemblages, to be able to produce any thing like resem- 
 blance. 
 
 In this point, the symbols used in the following work will be 
 found (the writer flaiters himself) decidedly superior; as the atten- 
 tive perusal of his third chapter he thinks will prove. 
 
 In the second object, which is of greater importance than the 
 former, he thinks himself still more successful; for nearly the 
 whole of his symbols are the portraits of human beings, intended for 
 Mnemonic reanimation ; or Gods and Goddesses, that can readily be 
 made either mortal or immortal, as we may require ; whereas Mr. F. 
 has thirty-one, that are inanimate; such as finger posts, mausole- 
 ums, or fire engines; and eleven, that are quadrupeds, &c. ; in all, 
 forty-two out of one hundred. 
 
 As it is desirable, that these symbols should be as potent as 
 possible, they will be found useful, in proportion to their approxi- 
 mation to our own characters and feelings, real or assumed. To be 
 the depositories of our thoughts, they should be able to think, they 
 should have the powers of locomotion and action. Thus Gods, God- 
 desses, and human beings, are superior to sensitive or irrational 
 animals : those are again superior to inanimate substances. Human 
 beings can be made to express every thing that we wish to impose 
 upon senseless objects ; whilst the latter cannot, vrith even Jisop- 
 ian powers, be made succedaneums for the former. We frequently 
 require our symbols to reason, to talk, run, sing, dance, leap, &c.
 
 Vl 
 
 kc. which cannot be very conveniently done by a " looking-glass" 
 or a " pillar." 
 
 In this view of them, tiie anther disapproves of the few of his 
 own, that are of a similar description : to make use of his seventh 
 symbol, the Oak, he is very frequently obliged to suppose a boy or 
 a man in it ; which Ijeing' out of the natural order, may be forgotten ; 
 as not being a permanent object. — Mount Ida answers his purpose, 
 by selecting Paris or Venus occasionally ; as the ship Argo is found 
 tolerably cfhrient, by employing Jason. — Those are the whole of his 
 inanimate symbols. He has also only five of inferior animals, that 
 are upon a par with any of a similar class in Mr. Feinaigle's. 
 
 In Geography, Mr. F. independent of his Mnemonic aids, 
 wishes to appear as a reformer of the " unscientific method'^ of 
 having East and West longitudes instead of being all East. — To 
 have also a certain general meridian ; disapproving of the practice of 
 modern nations in selecting their own capitals, &c. as the points 
 from which they make their calculations. 
 
 This is only reviving the old method, practised when geography 
 was imperfectly known, before the discovery of the Western hemis- 
 phere, when a certain line, supposed to be the extreme of the earth on 
 that side, was assumed as its boundary; when all to the right or East 
 of it, was then the most easy way of calculating distances. But 
 the discoveries of Columbus, and the demonstration of the spherical 
 form of the earth, have rendered the terms East and West purely 
 relative. But even admitting the neatness, or partial superiority 
 of that mode, it is objeQtionable in this country, or any other, 
 where long established custom has stamped the seal of authority 
 upon a different plan. To commit to memory the longitudes of 
 places from Ferro, would subject the student (if he wished to be 
 understood by others) to the unpleasant task of always adding or 
 subtracting the difference of 18 degrees. Thus a place, which he 
 says is 37 degrees East longitude from Ferro; to reduce it to the 
 English meridian, he is forced to deduct 18 degrees from it, leaving 
 19 degrees ; as a place 45 degrees cast from London, to recognize its 
 position, he is obliged to add 18 degrees to it, to know that it is
 
 VI 1 
 
 63 degrees from Ferro. Tlie adherence to the scheme of all East 
 longitude is still more complicated. The mode of proceeding is 
 thus described by a person who professes to give the substance of 
 Mt. F's. lectui-es, 
 
 " If (by our common method) a place be described in longi- 
 tude 121 degrees west of London, to reduce it to the meridian from 
 Ferro, 121 degrees must be subtracted from 180 degrees (the whole 
 number of degrees West) the remainder is 59, which, added to 180 
 degrees, and the 18 degrees difference between the calculation from 
 London and Ferro will give the product 257 degrees — a place then 
 which is 121 degrees West of London may be said to be 257 de- 
 grees East of Ferro, this process is at once simple and correct!" 
 
 After tfts quotation, it will be unnecessary to advance a single 
 ■sentence about its simplicity ! — A child practising according to this 
 plan, would be very expert in describing the distances of places, to 
 another, not in the secret. 
 
 In the Geographical part of this work, a different plan will be 
 pursued; the meridian of London adopted, with East and West 
 longitudes, the exact distances of the principal parts of the world 
 associated; which were not in any one instance done by Mr. F. ; who 
 Merely exhibited a few desultory assimilations, by which plan the 
 student could tell only the distance of a place, within 10 degrees o f 
 longitude or latitude, or at best could only guess at its situation in a 
 square of 10 degrees. 
 
 Mr. Feinaigle's historical arrangement is also objected to; as 
 being too diffuse, requiring a greater number of apartments than 
 any individual can command. His directions to imagine other 
 rooms, will be found (if practicable) very inferior, to having the repe- 
 sitories of our thoughts actually before us when we employ them. 
 Many other parts of the system have undergone similar changes, 
 which the Author hopes will be found improvements. 
 
 On every subject connected with Education, there will be a consi- 
 derable diversity of opinions amongst men of enlightened mindsandli- 
 beral characters ; therefore a general approval of this work is not antici- 
 pated by the writer. — Some will always disapprove, that they may
 
 Till 
 
 shew their superiority, or display their critical powew, others agaia, 
 he has known, who in one sweepings attack, would not allow a sins;le 
 portion of Mnemonics to be useful ; who, when interrogated to point 
 out the defects, shewed that they were completely ignorant of the 
 whole system. Such, or similar characters, are happily described 
 by Dr. Johnson : — " There are some men (says the Doctor) of nar- 
 row views and grovelling conceptions ; who, without the instiga- 
 tion of personal malice, treat every new attempt as wild and chime- 
 rical ; and look upon every endeavour to depart from the beaten 
 track as the rash eifort of a warm imaginarion, or the glittering 
 speculation of an exalted mind, that may please and dazzle for a 
 time, but can produce no real or lasting advantages. These men 
 value themselves upon a perpetual scepticism, upon Relieving no- 
 thing but their own senses, upon calling for demonstration where it 
 cannot possibly be obtained; and sometimes upon holding out 
 against it, when it it is laid before them. Upon inventing argu- 
 ments against the success of any new undertaking, and when argu- 
 ments cannot be found, treating it with contempt and ridicule. 
 Such have been the most formidable opposers of the diffusion of 
 knowledge, for their notions and discourses are so agreeable to the 
 lazy, the envious, or the timorous, that they seldom fail of becom- 
 ing popular, and directing the opinions of mankind."
 
 THE bases of the Mnemonic art, are Method, Locality, and 
 Association ; the advantages of the first, in every branch or depart- 
 ment of science, literature, and mechanism, must be obvious to the 
 meanest capacity ; — by classification or arrangement, science has 
 been enlarged beyond the formerly supposed boundaries of humaa 
 knowledge ;-- literature has derived the greatest assistance from it, 
 and by it improvements in the mechanic arts have been considera- 
 bly accelerated. In the acquirement of knowledge, no natural 
 powers of memory, however considerable without system, can at- 
 «hieve so much as an indifierent, or tolerable memory, with it. 
 
 The advantages to be derived from locality, caanot be so well 
 demonstrated ; they can only be appreciated by those who have 
 reduced it to system ; but the casual effects that places have, in re- 
 calling ideas, must be acknowledged by all ; for there is scarcely a 
 human being in any rank or walk of life, that has not felt their in- 
 fluence. Who that has past his early years, exposed to a variety 
 of pleasing and unpleasing sensations, having been separated from 
 the scene of former joys, and after a lapse of time, returns to the 
 well-known spot, that does not find a thouvSand impressions revive by 
 the most trivial objects in nature? The sight of a tree perhaps renews a 
 sensation, which instantly recals the remembrance of having formerly 
 climbed it; or having been sheltered by its branches, from the 
 intenseness of the summer's heat, or the drenching storm ; other 
 ideas emanate from it or similar objects. Every apartment in our resir 
 dence, serves to recal former happiness or sorrow ; our friends.
 
 our sports, our griefs revive ; circumstances that for years were 
 dormant, rush to our recollection, with nearly all the force of their 
 original impressions. Here we see a fond parent; perhaps now no 
 more, gazing- on us with paternal tenderness, when with light hearts, 
 bounding with anticipated joys, we left pur paternal residence, to seek 
 imagined bliss in distant scenes. In this apartment, a sister de- 
 lighted to sit ; in that, a brother smiled, caressed, or chid us. — 
 If perchance we should visit the alternately loved and hated school, 
 to which we oft have crept or ran, could we avoid directing our 
 eyes towards the form on which we fonnerly sat, we should plainly 
 see the elevated seat from whence the appalling mandate Silence, 
 used to issue, even though every vestige of literary apparatus had 
 totally disappeared. 
 
 But the power of renewing former impressions, is not confined 
 to places that we have been accustomed to ; wherever our imagi- 
 nation roved or dwelt with peculiar interest, the recurrence of our 
 thoughts to the scenes that fancy painted, never fails placing in 
 array the train of reasoning, or events that attracted our attention. 
 
 when, for instance, we think upon the plains of Pharsalia, the 
 
 fields of Agincourt or of Cressy, we soon embody the armed hosts ; 
 Here a Cesar, there a Henry or an Edward, fought and conquered ; 
 we see the field covered \v^th slain ; the warriors animating their 
 followers ; here we fix our eyes upon a single chieftain, follow him 
 through the various ranks, observe his " hair-breadth 'scapes," as 
 described by the historian, and finally see him triumphant, the 
 laurel encircling his brow. If we actually visit those places, wc 
 look around us, to fix upon some spot where we think the hero 
 might have stood, we fight the battle o'er again ; again we crown 
 the conqueror ! 
 
 Cicero's description of his walk to the academy is beautifully 
 illustrative of our principles — 
 
 " We agreed, (says Cicero) that we should take our evening 
 walk in the Academy, as at that time of the day, it was a place 
 where there was no resort of company. Accordingly at the hour 
 appointed wc went to Piso's; we passed the time in conversing on
 
 XI 
 
 different ttiatteis, during our short way from the Double-gate, till 
 we came to the Academy, that celebrated spot, which, as we wished, 
 we found a perfect solitude. I know not (said Piso) whether it be 
 a natural feeling, or an illusion of the imagination founded on 
 habit; that we are more powerfully affected by the sight of those 
 places, which have been much frequented by illustrious men ; than 
 when we either listen to the recital or read the detail of their 
 great actions.— At this moment I feel strongly the emotion I speak 
 
 of: I see before me, the perfect form of Plato, who was wont 
 
 to dispute in this very place ; those gardens not only recal him 
 to my memory, but present his very person to my senses ; I 
 fancy to myself that here stood Speusippiis, there Xenocrates, and 
 here on this bench sat his disciple Polemo. To me our Senate 
 house seems peopled with the like visionaiy forms, for often 
 when I enter it, the shades of Scipio, of Cato, and of Lelius, and 
 in particular of my venerable grandfather, rise to my imagination ; 
 In short, such are the effects of local situations, in recalling associ- 
 ated ideas to the mind, that it is not without reason,, some Phi- 
 losophers have founded on this principle, a species of Artifcial 
 memory.'^ 
 
 From these and a thousand similar instances, that will readily 
 present themselves to the mind of the reader, it appears rational 
 to suppose, that a system true to these principles must be of con- 
 siderable importance. Upon this plan we learn that Simonides, the 
 Cean poet, the supposed inventor of the art proceeded, the account 
 of which is described by Quinctilian. It is related that he was 
 invited to a feast to celebrate the virtues of his host, one Sec- 
 pas a Thessalian, but his poetic genius, soaring to the regions of 
 the Gods, for matter to adorn his eulogium, where finding a more 
 ample field for his imagination, he dilated too long on the merits 
 of Castor and Pollux, to the mortification of his patron, who ex-, 
 pected, that he alone, would have the glory of the day ; he theie- 
 fore refused to pay the stipulated price, and referred the sob of 
 rhyme to his patrons in the celestial spheres, for a moiety of the 
 original sum ; It appears that his piety was rewarded, fftr a messen-
 
 xu 
 
 ger shortly al'ter called him from the festive board, supposed to be 
 sent by these gods, for he was scarcely in safety, when the room 
 fell, and crushed Scopas and his g'uests to death ; who were so mu- 
 tilated, that their friends could not recognise them ; but Simonides 
 recollecting the precise situation that each person had occupied at 
 table, was thus enabled to identify their persons, and point them 
 out to their friends for burial. This suggested to him the advan- 
 tages derivable from locality and association ; and gave him the 
 hint which he afterwards digested into a system. — Mythological 
 as this account is (to strip it of its supernatural agency) it does 
 not appear improbable that to an accident of a similar kind, we 
 may be indebted for the device. 
 
 The powers of imagination and association are also called to 
 the mnemoniciaus aid ; the pictures of the former are connected by 
 the assistance of the latter, and are thus strongly retained by the 
 memory. 
 
 The association of ideas in the natural order of the mind, we 
 find the most powerful and efficacious means of reminiscence ; 
 wherever one object becomes linked with another, we more easily 
 recollect it, than where it is apart or isolated. 
 
 It appears to be a part of our nature, to have recourse to as- 
 sociation in the general course of things, and perhaps, if analysed 
 it may be one of the causes of the diversity, we observe in men : 
 The uncommon quickness of some, and the slowness of others, 
 may proceed from their superior, or infeiior talent of associating. 
 This principle is as extensive, as ample, as our powers are capa- 
 cious ; it reaches every where ; not an object of our senses, our 
 feelings, or our thoughts, but is subservient to it ; the objects of 
 1 sight, are associated with each other — as are feeling, h' aring, tast- 
 ing, and smelling. From the pressure of a hand, the haiTOony or 
 discordance of sounds, what various feehngs arise ? a peculiar pun- 
 gency or sweetness of taste, an odoriferous or fetid exhalation in 
 like manner ; mental researches, metaphysical investigations, all 
 derive assistance from it, 'tis the hand-maid of memory, great ia 
 its importance to man, as it is as active as versatile.
 
 XIU 
 
 This powerful engine of the mind, if cultivated, must be of 
 the greatest uti.Uty ; it may be used in a rho'.isand instances where 
 this system cannot reach, though it is the very pivot on which it 
 turns. 
 
 Some people apprehend that the memory may be burdened by a 
 multitude of images and impressions — does not the extensive know- 
 ledge of the Schclav refute the supposition ? does he feel oppressed 
 by the vast store of learning he possesses ? does he not rather feel his 
 powers expand, his capacity increase in proportion to his acquire- 
 ments ? do we not frequently, when we are desirous of remembering 
 a particular place, look around for some object or objects, sufficiently 
 marked to assist our memory ? Here instead of one impression, we 
 conjure up two or three, and this we do without our memory being 
 in the slightest degree oppressed ; but on the contrary, our recol- 
 lection materially aided by them. 
 
 The associations we form with objects of sense, we find les« 
 fugitive than those of a merely mental nature ; therefore it must 
 be evident, that where the latter can be interwoven with the former, 
 our chance of retaining them is greater—Dugald Stewart, with his 
 usual felicity of thought and expression, observes that *' The in- 
 fluence of perceptible objects in awakening associated thoughts 
 and associated feelings, seem to arise in a gveat measure from their 
 permanent operation, as exciting or suggesting causes. When a 
 train of thought takes its rise from an idea or conception, the first 
 idea soon disappears, and a series of others succeed, which are 
 gradually less and less related to that with which the train com- 
 menced ; but in the case of perception, the exciting causes remain, 
 steadily before us, and all the thoughts and feelings which have 
 any relation to it, crowd into the mind in rapid succession, through 
 each others effects, and all conspiring in the same general im- 
 pression." 
 
 For this purpose sjrmbols are introduced, as permanent excit* 
 ing causes, which a little practice, will render as familiar to us as 
 any objects in nature ; these must be placed in the established lo- 
 calitiesj to be employed in the various subjects w© desire. By
 
 xir 
 
 Hsin» them in the manner detailed in the work, we gain the assis- 
 tance of one of the essentials to recollection— Attention ; Whilst 
 our eyes become fixed to a particular spot, the faculties of the 
 mind accompanyin'^" them, become concentrated to a focus, which 
 materially assists our memory. Without attention, we can never 
 recollect; the means therefore, that conduce to it, must be desirable. 
 
 Great as the advantages are that may be derived from this 
 system, let not the student deceive himself by expectations, which 
 cannot be realised. He must frequently repeat his subjects to fix 
 them in his memory ; but the advantages he derives are, that he 
 can retain them more permanently, as well as acquire them more 
 quickly, than by the general mode we adopt ; and also have his sub- 
 jects more disposaable. 
 
 Stewart further observes in one of his admirable essays : " that 
 the qualities of a good memory are — to be susceptible ; to be re- 
 tentive ; to be ready." Much as we require from nature to 
 produce this happy union, we may derive considerable assistance 
 from system to effect it. Susceptibility and retention, are aided by the 
 frequent exercise of the proper faculties necessary to them. We 
 cannot succeed in being ready, unless we have properly arranged 
 
 the subjects of our study. These, the system of mnemonics is 
 
 calculated to produce. 
 
 Erroneous opinions are formed of the application of this art ; 
 it is generally called the system oi Artificial viemory, which implies 
 an opposition to Natural memory, but a very little consideration, 
 must point out the impropriety of the term ; it would be perhaps 
 better exprcssetl, by saying Artijicial helps to the Natural memory, 
 for nothing can be impressed on the mind, without the exercise of 
 memory, which this system so far from dispensing with, calls into 
 most active use ; and only requires the assistance of those prin- 
 ciples, that have their foundation in nature. 
 
 If we wished to recollect the period when the laws of Drac9 
 were promulged, and said that their Venom defeated their ob- 
 ject, as a people could not long endure them. That Moses must have 
 Taipp quickly across the Red Sea to escape the hosts of Pharaoh.
 
 xr 
 
 That the followers of Columhus instead of imitating their leader* 
 seemed only anxious to Trepan the unfortunate inhabitants they 
 discovered. And that the words Venom, Tuipt, and Trepan had 
 the letters which were employed to represent the figures 623 B.C. 
 1491 B.C. and 1492 A.D. the proper dates when those transactions 
 occurred. Would not the remembrance of these be truly an exer- 
 cise of memory ? — but receiving such desirable assistance from as- 
 sociation and arrangement. 
 
 That the recollection of these or similar dates, together with 
 other subjects, that are by many deemed essential to impress on 
 the memory, may be disapproved of by others, is a different consi- 
 deration. The author is free to admit, that too much importance 
 is attached to the remembrance of several things by some, as they 
 may be esteemed too lightly by others. — Some people seem to act, 
 as if the whole principles of knowledge, consisted in being able to 
 repeat the sentiments or opinions of others ; or the specific rules 
 laid dovi'n, whether in the languages or sciences ; and therefore 
 deplore the badness of their memories, in being unable to retain 
 them; but if they took one-tenth of the pains in attending to ge- 
 neral principles, which they employ in committing to memory, not 
 only would their knowledge be more extensive, but their minds 
 more active and efficient for all the various purposes of our nature. 
 The exercise of reason, the various analogies that may be traced by a 
 little investigation, will be found more effectual in obtaining know- 
 ledge, than the exercise of the best memory that man ever possessed. 
 With these this system does not clash, it is only presented as a help 
 to those subjects where philosophical principles cannot guide — where 
 science has not given general laws to determine with facility the 
 subjects of our cogitation or application ; and where a ready recol- 
 lection is essential : — this may be observed in one of our earliest 
 studies, the multiplication table; a child or an adult may be easily 
 taught the principles of it, that it is, in fart, nothing but addition 
 in another form : but for use, this would be of little service. It is 
 necessary in applying it, that the arithmetician should have no 
 pause, no calculation to effect, but at once give the correct an-
 
 XVI 
 
 swer ; or business ttouUI be considerably retarded. — The same in- 
 a variety of other tables. No system can be devised so effec- 
 tual for Chronology, as the exercise of memory. Geography and 
 Astronomy in detail, in the same manner, require the exercise of 
 the same faculty. To these or similar studies that require the 
 actual exercise of memory, any plan calculated to assist, must be 
 desirable. 
 
 But mnemonics are not limited to mere systematic tables : 
 history, poetry, prose, grammar, oratory, botany, or similar pursuits 
 where even design and plan can be admitted, v.ill derive occasional 
 aids from them. However admirable the orator's arrangements 
 may be, he requires occasional resting places for the mind in his 
 developement ; this can be done by the mnemonic arrangement, 
 without interfering with the general harmony of his design. The 
 game in the other branches that have been enumerated. 
 
 One considerable advantage arising from the application of this 
 system is, the habit of adhering to method,vvhich we acquire by the 
 
 practice of it. This pursued in one branch of study, will indu-. 
 
 bitably operate and influence ear conduct in others. 
 
 The powers of association called into action, will materially 
 serve us, in accustoming our minds, to combination, and analogy ; 
 and although v/e frequently use grotesque or ludicrous assimilations 
 in subjects, where no chastity of style is required ; yet they are 
 Dot so decidedly essential to the system, but others more conge- 
 nial to the feelings may be substituted. 
 
 We shall conclude this introduction with the remarks of a 
 great genius, upon the possibility of means being devised to faci- 
 litate the acquisition of knowledge. Condorcet, speaking of the 
 improvement of the mind, refers to geometry, which in India and 
 Egypt was an occult science, now so well known. — All the disco- 
 veries of Newton, learned in two years by a boy. At each epoch 
 genius outstrips the present age ; and is overtaken by mediocrity iu 
 the next. Nature has furni^ihed iis with the means of abridging 
 our intellectual labours ; and there is no reason for supposing such 
 simplifications will ever have an end.
 
 ^JDBRESS 
 
 TO THE STUDENTS OF THIS SYSTEM. 
 
 Although Mnemonics has the authority of venerable 
 antiquity, and the sanction of distinguished scholars to re- 
 commend them, yet the revival of the system is so recent, 
 that it may be truly said to be but in its infancy. — This 
 treatise therefore should be viewed with similar feeling's to 
 those that are excited, in witnessing the first efforts of a 
 child, to walk or to speak. 
 
 The indulgence of the reader is requested in the pre- 
 face — the assistance of the students in this address. The 
 author, anxious to render this system still more useful and 
 worthy of public support, requests the aid of those 
 who apply it. Their adaptation of it to science, or 
 to any branch of education — their associations; comments; 
 improvements,&c. if sent to him will be gratefully received. 
 
 Notwithstanding his care in the selection of dates, 
 errors may have been overlooked, which, if known to him 
 in time, can be noticed in the second volume. 
 
 The chronological dates are from Blair, with the ex- 
 ception of those attached to the Lord Lieutenants of Ire- 
 lasnd, the greater part of which are from Trusler, from 
 whom the author has also taken the genealogy of the Scot- 
 tish monarchs, but their dates are from Blair. 
 
 The second volume of Mnemonics is in forwardness, 
 andwill be soon published : the whole system is intended 
 to be comprised in three volumes ; but the reader will soon 
 perceive, that the present volume requires no future part t« 
 elucidate any of the subjects to which it is applied.
 
 ADDRESS. 
 
 In the succeeding volumes, he intends to introduce 
 the following subjects : 
 
 General Geography — 'The adaptation of the Mne- 
 monical arrangement to it fully explained, and associations 
 given for all the places of consequence on the Globe, in 
 degrees of Longitude and Latitude ; with a large map laid 
 down upon the plan of the rooms. 
 
 Particular Geography — with assimilations for 
 every town in England, arranged in its respective County — 
 the Longitudes and Latitudes, in degrees and minutes 
 of the county towns associated; also the population of each 
 county, and the distances in miles, from the metropolis, of 
 the principal towns in the kingdom — with a map of 
 England, suitably divided. 
 
 Astronomy' — an easy mode presented of remember- 
 ing the precise situation of the various stars, in degrees of 
 right ascension and north declination ; — diameters and dis- 
 tances of Planets, &c. 
 
 The Statistics of the various nations given ; their 
 population, revenue, products, commerce, government, 
 mihtary and naval power, number of square miles, &c. as- 
 sociated. 
 
 General History synchronized — its principal facts 
 and dates assimilated. 
 
 Daily Occurrences — Combinations presented fof 
 months and days. 
 
 Multiplication— the mode of multiplying eight or 
 ten figures in the mind, by a similar number, by the aid 
 of symbols, without paper or slate. 
 
 Poetry, Prose, Sciences, Languages, &c. Sec, 
 
 And the Mnemonical Dictionary, continued to 
 No. 1000. 
 
 Letters addressed to the Author, at Messrs. Cradock and 
 Joy^s, will be forwarded to him.
 
 1^ 
 
 ■««efOi9**- 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 AS the object of the author of this work is to convey a 
 clear, ample, and complete knowledge of the system of Mne- 
 monics; to be understood by the humblest capacity ; he is ap- 
 prehensive that by some people his explanations will be 
 considered, in many instances, unnecessarily diffuse; but 
 although disposed to give general satisfaction, he would 
 rather incur the reproach of being tedious, than be cen- 
 sured for failing in communicating the system, by render- 
 ing it too concise: he fully estimates the importance of 
 brevity, but too much may be sacrificed to it. His experi- 
 ence m lecturing has taught him to adopt the plan he in- 
 tends to pursue— convinced that if his readers be like the 
 majority of those whom he instructed in the art, that they 
 will not be displeased with his resolution. At the same 
 time, that he deems it necessary to state the manner he 
 proposes to treat his subject, he must also declare that he 
 will endeavour to avoid all useless repetition and irrelevant 
 matter.
 
 18 
 
 The general outline cf th . plan havinEj been frlanced at 
 in the introduction, prepares the mind for the develope- 
 ment of the primary part of the system, which is essential 
 to he well understood by learners, before they attempt to 
 apply it in their studies. Tlu-y are therefore requested to 
 proceed gradually, step by step, or nothing but confusion 
 will ensue; for although the system is sufficiently simple 
 and comprehensible, it requires an adherence to the whole 
 of the minutiae to profit by it etlectually — indeed its very 
 simplicity may be injurious to it, by causing the ardent 
 student to pass on too rapidly, to reap, prematurely, the 
 harvest he is desirous to obtain. 
 
 As it has been observed that places and symbols form 
 the prominent features of the Mnemonic art, the former 
 being the depositories of the latter, must be first noticed; 
 it being desirable that both of these should be either actu- 
 ally or mentally present to the Mnemonician's view. A room 
 properly arranged, appears the most eligible to effect the 
 purpose, because students are generally seated in an apart- 
 ment when they study; if not so situated, a little exercise 
 of a faculty, which the system calls into action, will ideally 
 present the several parts of their chamber before them. 
 
 As the floor, walls, and ceiling are to be regularly di- 
 vided into a certain number of parts, learners must com- 
 mence with the floor, and proceed in the regular order of 
 the figures. 
 
 This diagram exhibits the imaginary division of the floor
 
 19 
 
 into nine pavts, which they must always number according 
 to tiie following plan: placing their backs against the centre 
 of any of the walls they chuse to select, the most 
 remote part of the floor to their left hand, they must call 
 number one ; and proceeding from their left hand to their 
 right, in the order of their division ; they will then have 
 numbers one, two, and three in the first stripe ; in the 
 second ; they will have four, five, and six; and in the third 
 stripe, seven, eight, and nine, as this exhibits : 
 
 I 2 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 8 . 
 
 The familiar example of writing a letter, will fix the 
 scale of division, by always proceeding in like manner, from 
 the left hand to the right. Wjien the floor is arranged, they 
 must make a similar disposition of the walls, first establish- 
 ing the order or numbei-s of them, beginning with the one 
 which is to their left hand, and proceeding from left to 
 right with them ; they will thus have the second wall be- 
 fore them, the third at their right hand, and the fourth 
 behind them. Then removing from their first position, and 
 placing themselves in the centre of the floor, directly fa- 
 cing the first wall, they must divide it exactly on the plan 
 of their floor, into nine parts, from left to right; the second, 
 third, and fourth walls are to be arranged in the same 
 manner, observing that they place themselves opposite 
 each wall that they divide : — this last direction the author 
 should not have considered necessary, were it not, that a 
 gentleman in applying the system, conceiving that he ought 
 not to stir from his first position, very ruefully told him, 
 that he should be obliged to abandon the art, sis he coujd 
 
 B 2 .
 
 20 
 
 not by any possibility divide the wall that was behind 
 him, unless he were allowed to turn round to look 
 at it. 
 
 By this division there will be forty-five places — but, as 
 the entire number in a room must be fifty ; to make the 
 respective numbers on the floor and walls harmonize, we call 
 in the aid of a portion of the cieling toefl'ect it. The students 
 are therefore to suppose a compartment on it, corresponding 
 in size with any of those tliey have already arranged on 
 the walls, directly conjoined to the second place of their 
 first wall; similar compartments must be imagined as ap- 
 j^endages to the second, third, and fourth walls, always in 
 a line with the area or space of the second part on each 
 wall :— »these compartments are to be the receptacles for 
 the decimals or tens. They must then proceed to number 
 the whole, following the regular order of the figures on 
 the floor; the last division of which is number 9: they 
 must call the compartment of the ceiling that belongs to 
 the first wall, number 10, and then descending to the wall, 
 the first place on it, is number 11, the second, number 12, 
 and so on to 19, the terminating number : the place on the 
 ceilin<T part, that is appended to the second wall, is for 
 number 20, and the wall numbered in the same manner as 
 the first, down to 29. The ceiling part of the third wall 
 has 30 for its number, the wall having the figures to 39. 
 The ceiling part of the fourth wall, has 40 on it, and the 
 wall, the remaining figures to 49, then let the centre of thr 
 telling be for number 50. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 ^ ! 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 P i
 
 21 
 
 "^ 
 
 Ceiling. 
 
 Ceiling. 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 IP 
 
 o 
 CO 
 
 
 21) 
 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 23 
 
 2() 
 
 29 
 
 27 
 
 Ceilins 
 
 Centre of 
 
 i 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 31 
 
 34 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 35 
 
 3(3 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 50 
 
 40 
 
 the Ceiling, 
 Ceiling. 
 
 ^ 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 49 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 The learners will perceive, that by this disposition of 
 the compartments, they can have no difficulty in determining 
 the situation of any figure in the series, as they are all num- 
 bered like the floor, from 1 to 9 ; for by observing the 
 above diagrams, they will find that the Ones are all placed 
 in the first parts of their re>6pective walls or floor ; as No. 
 1 commences the floor. No. 11 the first wall. No. 21 the 
 second wall, Nos. 31 and 41 in the same situations, on the 
 third and fourth walls: the figures 2, 12, 22, 32, and 42, 
 occupy the second places, and thus with all the figures; 
 the cyphers being always upon the ceiling, the fives are 
 uniformly in the centre ; by observing which, they can 
 have no hesitation in directing their eye to any compartment 
 that may be required, for it will be easy to impress on their 
 minds, that the numbers after 5, must proceed regularly 
 towards the bottom of the wall, as the numbers above 5, 
 ascend towards the ceiling. 
 
 The learners are desired also to note, that the floor is 
 the seat of the units ; that they are therefore, sure to find 
 any of the figures from 1 to 9 on it; that the /r^^ wall 
 (mcluding the ceiling part) commences with 10, and ends
 
 22 
 
 ■with 19 ; that is to say, the preceding or left-hand figure 
 throughout the (irst wall is 1 ; the second wall has the pre- 
 ceding figure two ; from 20 to '29; the third and fourth 
 \vall<s have the same simplicity of arrangement. 
 
 The students ought imaginurihj to divide their floor 
 and walls, not to be satisfied with rearfi/j^- the manner in 
 which they are to be done ; and then they may exercise 
 themselves in questions of the following nature. On 
 w hat wall shall they find No. 25 ? — Here the answer is at 
 once apparent, for the first or left hand figure, denotes 
 the wall, and the second, or right hand figure, the compart- 
 ment or place ; thus the answer will be, that it is on the 
 second wall, fifth place. Where is 49 ? — Fourth wall, ninth 
 place. Where is 30 ? — On the ceiling part of the third 
 wall, &c. 
 
 Ceiling. First Room, 
 
 20 
 
 CO 
 
 be 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 1— 1 
 
 05 
 
 r-l 
 
 >o 
 
 00 
 
 1-^ 
 
 1— t 
 
 1— ' 
 
 1— 1 
 
 IPAl i^^M 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 2 
 
 ■Fiotr 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 6f 
 
 Of 
 
 £f 
 
 Sf 
 
 yt 
 
 Zf 
 
 Lf 
 
 \f 
 
 \V 
 
 Third Wall. 
 
 CO 
 
 ^1 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 I—' 
 
 
 CO 
 00 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 c 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 CO 
 
 
 *5 
 
 ,1 
 
 'Svi^pj am 0? 
 
 fo oj;u9Cf
 
 23 
 
 This last diagram presents a united view of the floor, the 
 four walls, and the parts that are occupied belonging to the 
 Ceiling. It is evident that a shorter mode might he adopted 
 than the one already given for the division of them ; By 
 merely observing the manner in which the lines are drawn :* 
 For the two parallel lines that mark the first division of the 
 floor might be continued up the wall on the right hand of the 
 learners, in their first position, then across the ceiling, and 
 down the wall to their left hand, meeting the points from 
 whence they commenced ; which would divide the floor, 
 two of the walls, and the cieling, into three parts ; then 
 shifting their position, by leaning their backs against the 
 wall that was to their right or to their left hand ; and 
 drawing two transverse parallel lines on the floor, and con- 
 tinuing them up the wall to their right hand across the 
 ceiling, down the wall to their left, they likewise meet the 
 parts they proceeded from. Thus, the floor and cieling 
 will each be divided into nine parts, but the four walls, 
 will as yet have but three divisions on each, produced by 
 the two perpendicular lines that have been already formed ; 
 but as the number of places on the walls, must agree with 
 those on the floor, they can eflect them, by drawing two ho- 
 rizontal and parallel lines upon one wall, equi-distant from 
 the ceiling and floor, which they must continue round the 
 other three: the termination of the horizontal lines, on the 
 fourth wall, meeting the beginnings of the first. By this 
 mode of dividing, there will be fifty-four places, nine on 
 each wall, floor, and ceiling : to reduce them to fifty, they 
 have only to reject the corner parts of the ceiling, leaving 
 five as before arranged. 
 
 * The reader is cautioned not to confound the line; that are supposed 
 to be drawn on the floor and walls, with those which in the diagrairit mark 
 their extremities ; the single lines alone to be observed.
 
 24 
 
 Ceiling. 
 
 
 05 
 
 
 o 
 
 09 
 
 o 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 The author in teaching this system occasionally uses 
 both methods, but he prefers the former, being less liable 
 to confuse ; as only one part of a room is presented to 
 the view at once. 
 
 After the general detail that has been given, it is 
 scarcely Wjuisite to offer any other helps to learn the 
 positions ^f the respective compartments ; but, as the most 
 trivial ma'^ter may be sometimes useful, the following ob- 
 servations W the distribution of the figures may not be 
 wholly unnecessary. 
 
 4- 
 
 ¥= 
 
 8 
 
 :^ 
 
 ■€h 
 
 K 
 
 This diagram exhibits either a floor or a wall : the 
 diagonal lines observe, always cross the uneven numbers, 
 the vertical and horizontal lines (with the exception of the 
 central 5), intersect the even numbers: thus, the figures 
 J, 3, 5, 7, 9, are angular — 2, 4, 6, 8, the reverse. 
 
 The learners are supposed to be quite familiar with 
 the plan of one room, they can now with ease proceed 
 to the division of a second ; as for various mnemonical 
 purposes, one may not be sufficient for them. In the
 
 25 
 
 second room they can experience no difficulty of arrange* 
 ment, for their division must be exactly as the former, 
 beginning with the floor, which like the first room must 
 have nine places, each wall ten, including the compartment 
 on the cieling, the walls numbered one, two, three, 
 four, &c. from left to right. 
 
 Second Roorn^ 
 
 Celling 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 3d Wall 
 
 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 CO ' 
 CO 
 
 C3i 
 
 CO 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 -Floor- 
 
 55 
 
 53 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 I—" 
 
 
 8 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 00 
 CO 
 
 54 
 
 56 
 
 00 00 
 00 o- 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 ^ 
 
 to 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 59 
 
 o 
 
 CD 
 
 00 
 CO 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 ll^AV? 
 
 H 
 
 66 
 
 86 
 
 L6 
 
 
 
 
 
 96 
 
 ?(5 
 
 f6 
 
 
 
 £6 
 
 Z6 
 
 T6 
 
 
 
 
 
 06 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sa\\P3 
 
 OOT 
 
 30 w^ti^a 
 
 
 1 o 
 
 The only difference between this room and the first, is, 
 that we here commence with 51, and proceed to 100, 
 which is placed on the cieling. And here a similar mode 
 assists the learners, in ascertaining the situation of every 
 figure; for recollecting, that they placed five tens or filry,
 
 26 
 
 in the first room ; tlioy will have siin|)ly to deduct tliat 
 number, from any given number in the second; which 
 immediately determines the wall and place. Thus, it" 
 asked, on what wall was number (ij ; by taking 60 from it, 
 leaves 15, beins^ the first wall, fifth place; it is unnecessary 
 to add second room to it, as every number beyond fifty, 
 and under one hundred, must be in the second. 
 
 Having perceived the principle that directs the sub- 
 traction of fifty, it will be easier to deduct five from the 
 left-hand figure of any number presented; thus number 73, 
 by subtracting 5 from 7, leaves 2, being the second wall; 
 the three of 73 being the third place — where is 90 ? Take 
 5 from P and 4 remains, the fourth w^all, the cypher 
 directs to the ceiling part. Where is 56— taking 5 from 5, 
 nought remains; which evinces that it cannot be upon a 
 wall, but upon i\^efo)r. 
 
 Lest any anxiety should arise in the minds of some 
 persons, from the number of lines and figures that are 
 required on the walls of the rt-spective rooms; the author 
 hopes he shall allay their apprehensions, when he informs 
 them, that imaginary lines, answer all the purposes of real 
 enes. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 AS in the preceding chapter, the division of two rooms 
 gave us one hundred compartments; we must shortly pro- 
 ceed to place a symbol, or hieroglyphick in each, to be em- 
 ployed as the medium of association, to assist the recollec- 
 tive faculties in the several subjects, to which they may \ye
 
 27 
 
 applied; but as the selection of them depends upon a cer- 
 tain disposition of the arithmetical figures, as yet unex- 
 plained ; we shall, for a short period, leave that branch 
 of the subject, to develope this useful and interesting part 
 of the mnemonic art. 
 
 There is scarcely a person in any situation in society, 
 but must have experienced occasional difficulties in recol- 
 lecting figures, whether dates, pounds, shillings, and pence, 
 epochs, &;c. &c. for truly admirable and important as they 
 are, the immense variety of combinations that can be eli- 
 cited from only ten characters (the nine units and the cy- 
 pher) their universality and application to almost every 
 branch of learning, abundantly testifying ; yet, there is not 
 in the whole range of our acquirements, a single subject 
 so difficult to be remembered as they are ; there is nothing 
 in them that we can embody ; they in themselves form no 
 point of association that the mind can cling to ; they are, 
 as a writer happily observes, like grains of sand that have 
 no coherence. To remedy this inconvenience, the truly 
 ingenious Dr. Grey in his celebrated Memoria Technica, 
 systematized an irregular and imperfect plan, that was 
 practised by tradesmen long before his time, and also to a 
 certain extent by the (ireeks and Romans ; which was, to 
 use the letters of the alphabet as the signs of the figures; 
 these letters formed into words, which were placed as 
 terminals to the prominent parts of the subject to which 
 they referred. In his elaborate and erudite work, he ar- 
 ranged a number of valuable and important tables, for the 
 benefit ot his pupils; but notwithstanding the superiority 
 of his method, compared with the difficulties that before 
 existed, yet there were comparatively few, who had the 
 courage to commence a task that was apparently so Her- 
 culean : the study had nothing inviting in it^ the path was
 
 S8 
 
 rugged — no llowcrs to allure — nothing to cheer but its uti- 
 lity. The defect lay in his adaptation of the letters, by 
 having a consonant and a vowel attached to each figure ; 
 which circumscribed his choice of words, and caused 
 that barbarism of sotmds, which terrified the learner; 
 although it is contended by many, that apparently or 
 really difficult as the words may be, yet they are, for 
 that very reason, more likely to be remembered ; as 
 they require great labour to impress them on the 
 mind, which procures an indelible impression. But cer- 
 tainly this argument, if even true, cannot be admitted; for 
 if so, the attention of the learned ought to be directed to 
 make their various studies more difficult, instead of sim- 
 plyfying them, as eventually they will be gainers by it. 
 To push this mode of reasoning further, would be to limit, 
 in a very considerable degree, the acquisitions we -are de- 
 sirous to possess. 
 
 The author admits that some minds have a singular 
 faculty in retaining cramp and difficult words; but he can- 
 not, ^or the honor of our nature, allow, generally speaking, 
 that a word, to which we can affix no meaning, can be as 
 easily remembered, as a correct or proper one ; for he con- 
 tends, that with half the pains that are employed in im- 
 pressing the former, the latter may be as permanently fixed : 
 the only inconvenience that can be apprehended from the 
 improved method is, that the ease by which it may be ac- 
 quired, tends to cause a laxity that would defeat its object; 
 but this can be soon overcome by the intelligent student or 
 teacher, feeling the necessity of more frequent repeti- 
 tions, to fix his subjects in the mind. 
 
 As we have observed that the defect of Dr. Grey's 
 system lay in using vowels, as well as consonants, to 
 represent figures : we omit vowels, and merely use them
 
 29 
 
 as the cement o^ words, the consonants alone being the 
 characters that are to be attended to, by which means we 
 can always have at our disposal, correct or grammatical 
 words ; the vowels, a, e, i, o, u, y, are therefore rejected. 
 This is the scale of figures and letters. 
 
 / 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 '71 
 
 ^n 
 
 % 
 
 L 9 
 
 C 
 
 i 
 
 r 
 
 *f 
 
 / 
 
 k 
 
 / 
 
 CO 
 
 J ^ 
 
 A 
 
 TV 
 
 f 
 
 CO 
 
 S^uit 
 
 Noah Magi 
 
 K.a%: 
 
 Jail Dove 
 
 Ccoi 
 
 Bold 
 
 Puf 
 
 ^tx 
 
 The learners will perceive, that they could, in a short 
 time, fix in their minds, this table, without any other aid 
 than the common exercise of memory; but as it is desirable 
 that they should have them soon impressed, and complete- 
 ly at their disposal ; we shall call in the aid of association 
 to assist them, by a kind of fanciful connection betwec ii 
 the letters and the figures ; where a direct resemblance or 
 analop-y, cannot be traced, we may derive assistance from 
 the grotesque, our powerful auxiliary. 
 
 The learners are required therefore, to direct their at- 
 tention to the first five figures, and examine the upper row 
 of consonants that are attached to each, leaving the second 
 range until they have acquired the first. The letter t they will 
 perceive has a considerable resemblance to the figure 1, if 
 they remove the small line that crosses the upper part of it. 
 
 n has two down strokes in it; it will be easy there- 
 fore to remember, that the letter which has two down 
 strokes in it, belongs to the figure two. 
 
 For a similar reason, m will be easily recollected a? 
 belonging to three. 
 
 T is attached to foiir. To remember it, observe that 
 the last letter in the word four is r.
 
 30 
 
 L belongs to .3, which can be impressed by recnlle'ctinir 
 that it is the Roman numeral for oO.which, by rejecting th« 
 cypher is a 5. 
 
 The students are desired to try if they can recollect 
 those, by putting them down upon a slate, or paper; if they 
 can, the}^ may next attempt the second range of conso- 
 nants, belonging to the same figures. 
 
 They will see that q is combined w itK t to represent 
 1, but as q has no resemblace in form to assist the mind, 
 they may join it, with the /, into a word that they can make 
 use of, to associate. The w^oid Quit will answer the 
 purpose; and by remarking that i and q are the letters 
 which commence the series, they can say, that as they are 
 now going to commence this part of the study of Mnemonic's, 
 they are resolved not to Quit the pursuit, but persevere 
 until they perfect their knowledge of it. The vowels in 
 the word Quit (and in all the subsequent combinations) 
 being rejected, leave q and t, the charactei-s for 1. 
 
 7Z has h combined with it,to represent 2: they, with 
 the aid of vowels, will make the word Noah. To remem- 
 ber that the consonants in that word belong to the second 
 figure, they can observe that the second great man we 
 had upon earth was Noah. 
 
 M and ^ combined, will make the word Image ; which 
 they can assimilate as the supposed Image of 3; or, by 
 chusing another w^ord, think of three of the Magi. 
 
 /^has some resemblance to ^v., Jet them make it and z^, 
 into the word Raze, and say that they are determined to 
 RAZECveiy thing that opposes their progress, until they are 
 perfect. 
 
 J and / will make the word Jail. To remember 
 which, they can remark that 5 being in the centre of the 
 figures, having four on each side of it (not considering the
 
 31 
 
 cypher as a figure) may be fairly said to be so environed, as 
 10 be in Jail.* 
 
 They may now advance to 6, that has d for its first 
 
 consonant, which being formed in this manner, d, is only 
 a Q reversed ; but as v must be combined, it will make the 
 word Dove; and by noting that the upper part of the 
 ^ or Q is like the wing of a bird, extended in flight, 
 they can easily make it into the wing of a Dove. 
 
 7 is formed like a gibbet, on which they might hu- 
 mourously threaten to place iheirCooK, if he should ever 
 spoil their dinner. 
 
 8 being curvilinear, may be said to be bent like a Bow. 
 g is like a p reversed. An ^ may also be formed like 
 
 a p. Further, they may observe, that if they extended the 
 perpendicular line of ^, a liltle longer, it will have 
 some resemblance of a pipe; the line resembling the tube, 
 and the upper part being lik« the bowl; in using, a pipe we 
 usually Pufi- with it. 
 
 S and a; belong to the cypher, it being round, resem 
 bles a grinding stone ; which in motion, always gives 
 a hissing noise, they may therefore easily recollect the 
 hissing letters s and x. By introducing vowels, they will 
 also make the word sex; and as they are the last in the 
 series, they can easily observe that the last, or the greatest 
 ambition of a gentleman should be to protect the fair Sex. 
 
 A very little practice will make these combinations 
 perfectly familiar, and they will be found of tlje greatest 
 importance in almost every department of knowledge. 
 
 This tabular arrangement of the figuresand consonants is 
 not an arbitrary one ; nor are the consonants solely selected 
 
 * Jail was formerly, and is yet frequently spelled with a J, it Qannot be 
 confounded with G in Gaol, as it is already used in Magi,
 
 32 
 
 (as a writer lately observed about Mr. Feinaigle's scheme) 
 because a r('scn)l)Iance can be traced between them and 
 the figures in form ; their selection is the result of some ex- 
 perience of the powers of each, intended to be disposed 
 in such a manner, that no junction of any two consonants 
 (representing figures) should produce a greater number of 
 correct words in the language, than any other two con- 
 sonants, in all their various combinations ; that 34, for 
 example, should not have more words to represent it than 
 66, and thus with all the rest. But, although this has been 
 the professed object of the author, yet, he is sorry to ob- 
 serve, he has not completely effected it, for some of the 
 combinations are more prolific than others; but he thinks 
 he has succeeded as well as the nature of the letters will 
 admit, and the English language allow. He has attempted 
 various other classifications, but none of them were so suc- 
 cessful as the present. 
 
 He knows that some, which he could devise, might, 
 at first view, appear more neat, but as power is superior to 
 neatness, he abandoned them. — The principle that governed 
 him was, to join the efficient with the inefficient letters of 
 the alphabet; thus with T, which is found in a great many 
 words, he combined Q, that may be easily seen is less 
 common. With R and L, which are very powerful letters, 
 he placed Z and J, that are not so.— — Two letters of mid- 
 dling power he joined together, as N and H ; M and G, 
 &c. &c. — 
 
 The reader need not be told after this, that the af^si- 
 milations he has given, were not to shew the reasons that 
 influenced him in choosing the consonants, but merely to 
 assist the memory in retaining them.
 
 /
 
 
 if ^^ jwtf ^L// JSit 
 
 r^
 
 f
 
 33 
 
 CHAP, Til. 
 
 When the learners have studied the division of the 
 two rooms, and the exercise of the figures and letters, 
 they may proceed to the use of the symbols, which are 
 100 in number, i. e. a symbol for each place. The follow- 
 incy is a list of their names. 
 
 1 Ate — goddess of revenge. 
 
 2 Ino — wife of Athamas, king of Thebes, w^ho in a fit of 
 
 insanity killed Learchus, his son; Ino escaped the fury 
 of her husb;ind, and threw herself into the sea, with 
 Melicerta (another child) in her arms. 
 
 3 Guy — earl of Warwick, encountering a cow* 
 
 4 Roe. 
 
 5 Leo — or Lion. 
 
 6 Ida — a mountain near Troy, ortlie one in Crete. 
 
 7 Oak. 
 
 8 Obi — the Spirit of the West Indies; also a Charm. 
 
 Three-fingered Jack is introduced, with an old witch, 
 
 9 Ape. 
 
 10 Atys — a son of Croesus, king of Lydia. — He was born 
 
 dumb, but recovered his speech from a fright, in see- 
 ing his father attacked by a soldier at the storming of 
 Sardis. 
 
 1 1 Equity — represented like Justice, but her eyes are un- 
 
 covered. 
 
 12 Autonoe — daughter of Cadmus, and mother of Actseon; 
 
 whose transformation by Diana caused her death. 
 C
 
 34 
 
 13 Time. 
 
 14 Equery. 
 
 15 Atyla — a valiant Scythian. 
 
 16 Tuova — a chief of the Marquesas Islandg. 
 
 17 Teuca — an old Egyptian lady. 
 
 18 Toby— Philpot 
 
 19 Tupia — chief priest of the island of Otaheite. 
 
 20 ^neas — a Trojan prince. 
 
 21 Natio — goddess of nativities. 
 
 22 Noah. 
 
 23 Hygeia — goddess of health, daughter of Esculapiui. 
 
 24 Hero — celebrated for her love of Leander. 
 
 25 Hyale— one of Diana's nymphs. 
 
 26 Naiad — an inferior Deity, presides over rivers, and 
 
 fountains. 
 
 27 Inca — monarch of Peru. 
 
 28 Hebe — goddess of youth, and cup-bearer to the gods. 
 
 29 Hope. 
 
 30 Egeus— king of Athens, father of Theseus. He threw 
 
 himself into the sea (since called the Egean Sea). 
 
 31 Muta — the goddess of silence. 
 
 32 Egeon — a giant, (same as Briareus) who made war 
 
 against the Gods. 
 
 33 Gama — (Vasquez de) a celebrated Portugueze navigator. 
 
 34 Maria — (Sterne's) 
 
 35 Milo — A famous wrestler of Crotona. 
 
 36 Medea — A celebrated enchantress, who assisted Jason 
 
 to possess the golden fleece. 
 
 37 Egica — A king of Spain, who slew Fasilia, that he might 
 
 obtain his wife. 
 
 38 Mab-^queen of the fairies.
 
 35 
 
 39 Gropiae — in the Indian Mythology, the same as the 
 muses. 
 
 40 Iris — messenger of the gods ; the Rainbow. 
 
 41 Erato — the muse of lyric ppetry. 
 
 42 Urania — the muse of astronomy. 
 
 43 Argo — the ship that carried Jason to Colchis. 
 
 44 Zara — captive queen in the Mourning Bride. 
 
 45 Ariel — in the play of the Tempest. 
 
 46 Zaida — in the Moorish tale of Alcanzor and Zaida. 
 
 47 Yarico — in the story of Incle and Yarico. 
 
 48 Arab — mounted. 
 
 49 Europa — Daughter of Agenor, king of Phoenicia, car- 
 
 ried away by Jupiter in the shape of a bull. 
 
 50 iEolus— God of Winds. 
 
 51 Lot — pillar of salt. 
 
 52 Juno — queen of heaven. 
 
 53 Lama — a high priest of the Chinese Tartars. "^^ 
 
 54 Lear — King. 
 
 55 Jael — who killed Sisera. 
 
 56 Jove — king of gods. 
 
 57 Lyco — a peripatetic Philosopher. 
 
 58 Juba — king of Mauritania. 
 
 59 Alope — daughter of Cercyon, king of Eleusis, changed 
 
 by Neptune into a fountaia. 
 
 60 Idoeus — ^who fled from the field of battle when his Bro- 
 
 ther was killed in the Trojan war by Tydides. 
 
 61 Adyte — one of the Danaides, for the murder of her hus- 
 
 band, condemned to fill v/ith water a vessel full of holes, 
 
 62 Diana— goddess of hunting and chastity.
 
 36 
 
 63 Adam. 
 
 61 Dairo — a hero, **of the happy deeds," in the poems of 
 Ossian. 
 
 65 Edile — a Roman magistrate to superintend buihlings 
 
 and markets. 
 
 66 Ovid — the poet. 
 
 67 Educa — goddess of new-born infants. 
 
 68 Adeba — a merchant of Egypt. 
 
 69 Deiopeia — a Nereid, or sea deity. 
 
 70 Eacus — king of the island of CEnopia. 
 
 71 Cato — a noble Roman. 
 
 72 Cain. 
 
 73 Cymo — a sea nymph. 
 
 74 Cora — a Peruvian lady — in Pizarro. 
 
 75 Clio — muse of history. 
 
 76 Cadi — an Eastern magistrate. 
 
 77 Cooke — Captain 
 
 78 Keowa — son of the king of Owhyee, where Capt, Cook 
 
 was killed, 
 
 79 Copia — goddess of plenty. 
 
 80 Ibis — the Egyptian stork. 
 SI Buteo — a Roman consul. 
 
 82 Aboan — a captive in Oroonoko. 
 
 83 Bagoe — a nymph who instructed the Tuscans to divine 
 
 by thunder. 
 
 84 Oberea — queen of Owhyee. 
 
 85 Abel. 
 
 S6 Beda — in Blue Beard. 
 
 87 Bacai — a learned Mussulman. 
 
 88 Woba — a Turcoman, (a native of Turcomania) 
 
 89 Ibif— a Circassian nobleman.
 
 37 
 
 90 Apis— an Egyptian god, worshipped under the form of 
 
 an ox. 
 Dl Poet. 
 
 92 Pan — god of shepherds, &c; 
 
 93 Fame. 
 P4 Fury. 
 
 95 PaoU — a Corsican general. 
 
 QQ pido — an Argive, who invented weights and measures. 
 
 97 Peace — the goddess. 
 
 98 Fabia — a vestal, sister of Terentia, Cicero's wife. 
 
 99 A Fop. 
 
 100 Esau. 
 
 One cause of the selection of these symbols, by the au- 
 thor, in preference to others, may be very soon observed ; 
 for the consonant, or consonants, that are in each name, 
 represent the fgure, or the number of the place to which 
 they are to be attached ; thus Ate is the Jlrst symbol, the 
 only consonant in her name is t, which is a character for 1. 
 — Ino is the second symbol, the consonant n being the cha- 
 racter for 2 — and thus with Guy, the Roe, Leo, Ida, Oak, 
 Obi, and Ape. 
 
 The symbol for 10, must have two consonants, one for 
 each figure. — Atijs represents it. Equity represents 11, 
 Autonce 12, and thus throughout the whole series. 
 
 The superior advantages arising from this arraBgement, 
 will be felt only by those who have applied other symbols, 
 and are also familiar with the consonants that are the signs 
 of the figures. 
 
 But independently of the assistance that this classifica- 
 tion affords in retaining them, the learners must not confine 
 themselves to simple repetition, they, must localise each 
 symbol in its proper compartment, that is, they must transfer
 
 38 
 
 the image or figure of each, to the place intended for it; thus 
 Ate must be supposed in the first place, on the floor; Ino in 
 the second, Guy in the third, &c. — To effect this desirable 
 knowledge of the symbols, without which they can receive 
 very little advantage from the art, their fancy or imagina- 
 tion must be called into action : A grotesque assimilation 
 will be often very powerful; circumstances arising from 
 situation, furniture, pictures, &c. are of great importance ; 
 thus, if a cane, or any weapon should be in the corner of 
 the room, where Ate is to be placed, they can observe 
 that it is dangerous for it to be there, lest Ate, the goddess 
 of revenge should attack them with it. 
 
 If the fire-place should be near where Ino ought to be ; 
 as she is observed to be jumping into the sea, they might 
 remark, that as they are deprived of seeing the sea; they 
 suppose the fire must have dried it up. 
 
 Where Guy is encountering the cow, they may appre- 
 hend danger to the furniture. 
 
 The Roe may be supposed bounding over a chair. 
 Leo is placed in the centre, to keep their enemies in 
 awe ; or any association of a similar nature, that they may 
 deem best calculated to attain their object ; but above all 
 things they must observe, that not only in localizing the 
 symbols, but in every other association they make with 
 them, that they constantly attend to this important rule — 
 — To ga:.e intently upon the place — first looking at the 
 hieroglyphick attentively, to renew their knowledge 
 of its form, and then fancying it in its proper place, and 
 endeavouring to make some ideal picture of the subject 
 that they intend to recollect, interwoven with their symbol ; 
 this mode may appear to cost them some little trouble at 
 first, but they will be amply repaid, by the advantages they 
 derive in their recollection.
 
 39 
 
 The power of making those kinds of mental pictures, 
 may be supposed difficult, but a very little practice, and 
 entering with spirit into the arrangement, will render each 
 effort easier than the former. This faculty of the mind 
 like every other, may be cultivated and improved, to be- 
 come of the greatest importance to us. 
 
 The author is aware, that objections to his symbols 
 may be started by some, on account of the supposed diffi- 
 culty of remembering the hard names of several of them, 
 particularly in their application by children ; but, in all 
 such cases, the symbols may be described without refer- 
 ence to the names: thus, instead of saying -^^e, to a child, 
 it might be taught, that the first symbol was a Womarii with 
 a dagger in her hand, which would be as easy to recollect, 
 as any symbol that could be devised. — Instead of saying 
 that their second hieroglyphic was Ino ; simply call it, a 
 Woman, loith a child in her artns, and shewing the picture, 
 will be found effectual. — Atys may be termed a Dumb prince 
 — Equity f a woman with a pair of scales, ^c. <§-c. and occa- 
 sionally mentioning the names, they will become familiar; 
 when there will be this advantage attending them, that 
 children will thus early acquire a knowledge of a number of 
 personages, that, as scholars, will be essential to be known 
 by them ; for with the curiosity generally attendant upon 
 youth, they will be anxious to learn who these characters 
 were; in their search of information, they will acquire 
 more, and thus be doubly benefitted. 
 
 It had been observed to him by many persons, who 
 afterwards acknowledged their error, that objects, or sym- 
 bols more common, would be better; thus the 16th sym- 
 bol might be a Toad, instead of Tuova ; but, independently 
 of the inferiority of the former, as a medium of association, 
 the word might be wanted for some purpose coijnected
 
 40 
 
 with fi<Tures, when it would be extremely aukward and 
 confusing to have the word Toad, as the mnemonical word 
 for 16, perhaps, assimilated with the very next symbol to 
 the one of the same name ; considerations of a similar nature 
 directed his choice in all — to avoid those names that might 
 be wanted for common use — whether as words for degrees 
 of longitude and latitude, or any other purpose. 
 
 Another arrangement he has effected, which may be 
 found useful ; wherever two figures of the same kind are 
 combined, the symbols that belong to them, have the two 
 consonants in their names, that are employed to represent 
 them individually ; thus the 11th symbol being formed of 
 two ones, has ihe consonants, q and t, in the word Ecjiiity. — 
 The 22nd symbol has the letters n and /?, in the word 
 JSToa/i, the same with 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, and 99, in 
 the names Gama, Zara, Jael, Ovid, Cooke, Woha, and 
 Fop. For some of them he could have chosen more fa^ 
 miliar names, thus Aurora and Dido might be used instead 
 of Zara and Ovid ; as they would equally represent 44 and 
 66f but then the abovementioned object would be frustrat- 
 ed ; for, by this modification, if the original combination of 
 the consonants and figures were lost, they are sure to ba 
 found in the symbols. Equity, Noah, See. &c. 
 
 A variety of other motives that would be idle to 
 detail, influenced his choice ; thus Numa, and Nero, would 
 be easier recollected as symbols, than Hygeia and Hero; but 
 as they were monarchs, whose order of succession to be 
 remembered, will cause them to be associated with the sym^ 
 boh, it would appear singular and objectionable, to have 
 them at the same time, media of association, and objects 
 of recollection, with other symbols. Niohe would appear a 
 more appropriate emblem for 28 than Hebe, as « may be sup- 
 posed to be easier recollected than A for 2 ; but Niobe w^ould 
 be less useful, for she could not be easily supposed in any
 
 41 
 
 other situation than transfixed with grief for the fate of her 
 children, whereas Hebe can be placed in a thousand situa- 
 tions for which the former would be unfit. 
 
 The Author ought to apologize for delaying the course 
 of his subjects, by observations that may appear unneces- 
 sary, but as he knov^s the improving spirit of the ingenious 
 may urge them to alterations to benefit the system, which 
 he is as anxious to see as any other person; he wishes to 
 remove every obstacle to an object so desirable, by point- 
 ing out the motives that directed him, that they may not 
 mistake change for improvement, by adopting arrange- 
 ments that may appear simple, without being powerful. 
 
 He cannot, however, dismiss this part of the subject, 
 without observing, that as it is decidedly essential for mne- 
 monicians to be able to describe the symbols, and refer 
 to them without any j)ause or delay ; he knows no 
 arrangement so well calculated to effect it, as the one he 
 has chosen — to have the symbols at the same time nume- 
 rals — for they can always recollect, or they ought to re- 
 collect, the consonants that belong to the figures, which 
 at once presents to their mind any symbol they require : 
 thus if they were asked the name of their thirty-fifth 
 symbol, they know that it will be found ideally depicted 
 on their third wall, fifth place ; where, if they took any 
 pains to imagine it, they are sure to find it: but in 
 default of this, if it were a mere arbitrary picture, they 
 might be at a loss : But, by the present arrangement, 
 they may or may not refer to their wall, and with a ra- 
 pidity of mind, ftir outstripping that mode, they resolve the 
 figures 3 and 5 jnto m and /, which directly presents Milo 
 to their view ; and in like manner with every other. 
 
 Before the students attempt to apply the arrangements 
 of the next chapter, they ought to be tolerably well ac- 
 quainted with at least ten of the symbols, but a greater 
 number would be desirable.
 
 42 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 AS it may be frequently necessary to commit to me- 
 mory a series of figures, we shall now explain the mne- 
 monical mode to facilitate this purpose. Various methods 
 may be adopted, but we shall commence with the simplest, 
 and for most purposes of a similar nature, perhaps the 
 best. 
 
 Here are eighteen figures, that to many persons would 
 require no common application to remember themj and 
 after all their efforts, they would be very easily forgotten ; 
 but by using the mnemonical mode, the students can, not 
 only recollect them in a much shorter time than the 
 common method, (for by a little practice, a person could 
 commit them to memory in less than a minute) but gain the 
 more important point of permanently fixing them — their 
 first step towards effecting this, is to divide the figures 
 into pairs, and make them into words, but as the words so 
 made, require to be recollected, they must associate them 
 ■with the symbols, and proceed regularly on from the first, 
 to as many as they require. 
 
 Agreeably to this direction, let them take 65, which 
 they must make into a word ; the figure 6 they know has 
 the letters d and v to represent it, as 5 has l and j ; by 
 placing a vow^el or vowels, between, before, or after a 
 consonant that belongs to 6, and a consonant that belongs to 
 5, they have a great number of words at their disposal .- they 
 
 have DEAL, DELAY, DIAL, IDLE, VEIL, VEAL, VILE, &C, &C. 
 
 but as their object should be to make choice of a word that 
 may have some relation, or affinity to the symbol, that they
 
 43 
 
 use as the repository for their word — the last, word vile, 
 will be found as appropriate as any other. They can 
 therefore (looking at their symbol and place), say that Ate, 
 the goddess of revenge must be indeed vile to indulge 
 in the malignant passion of revenge. — By being emphatic 
 on the word vile they can easily mark it. 
 
 92 will make the word Pain, it may be said that Ino 
 must be in great Pain of mind to come to the resolution 
 of destroying herself. 
 
 49 will make Rope — Aye, Guy having conquered the 
 Cow is going to tie a Rope round her, to keep her from 
 doing further mischief. 
 
 76 will make Cave, into which the Roe is going for 
 shelter. 
 
 48 Rob. We must beware of Leo, or he will Rob us 
 of life. 
 
 15 Quail. — On Mount Ida there is a Quail flying 
 about for food. 
 
 26 Navy. — The Oak will, in all probability, be cut 
 down for the British Navy. 
 
 01 SooT. — Obiy or Three^jingered Jack's face is as 
 black as Soot. 
 
 82 Bone, — The Ape is picking a Bone. 
 
 These associations being repeated a few times will be 
 sufficiently impressed, for any purpose that may be re- 
 quired. To reduce the words to figures again, the opera- 
 tion is the reverse of the former. 
 
 1 2 
 Vile 
 
 3 4 
 Pain 
 
 5 6 
 Rope 
 
 7 8 
 Cave 
 
 9 10 
 
 Rob 
 
 11 12 
 
 Quail 
 
 13 14 
 
 1 Navy 
 
 15 16 
 
 Soot 
 
 17 18 
 Bone
 
 44 
 
 Thus the above nine words become again the same 
 figures that we exemplified. Vile is 65, Pain is 92, &c. 
 
 If a person hud to speak upon any subject which 
 required a certain enumeration of figures, whether in mer- 
 cantile accounts, finance, revenue, &c. he would find 
 considerable assistance from forming them into words or 
 sentences, and assimilating them with his symbols, as the 
 above examples will shew — for, let him try the effects of 
 them by transposing the words into figures ; and suppose 
 that he is addressing an assembly, and detailing the 
 several arithmetical parts of his discourse, instead of 
 referring to notes, which he should be compelled to do 
 without such aids as the above : He has only to think of liis 
 symbols in the regular order, which will not fail presenting 
 to his mind, the associations made with them: thus, he 
 might say, the Jirst item in his account is £6b ; for refer- 
 \r\gio Ate, the word Vile will directly occur, which a 
 very little practice quickly resolves into the proper figures 
 65. The second item is XQ'i — for refering to [no, as his 
 second symbol, the word Pain will be recollected. The 
 third account is o£4t), the Rope of Guy furnishing it, 
 kc. &c. 
 
 When he has completed his general statement, it may be 
 sometimes necessary to direct the attention of the assembly 
 to some one part more particularly than the rest, say the 
 fifth, he has simply to think of his^ifA symbol, Leo, which 
 reminds him of the associated word Rob, giving 48. He 
 may w^ish to contrast the Jifth with the ninth, the Bone 
 of the Ape instantly presents the figures 82. 
 
 If he have more figures to recollect, let him continue 
 making them into words, and associating them with the 
 symbols on his first, second, third, and fourth walls — if one 
 roombe not sufficient, he has fifty symbols in another
 
 45 
 
 room disengaged, which he may apply — if they are not 
 suflicient, he could use his symbols over again ia other 
 apartmejits. 
 
 Useful as the above arrangement certainly is; its in- 
 genuity may be further exemplified, by recollecting the 
 precise position of every figure in the series: 'thus if asked 
 to name the twelfth figure, the mnemonic students could, 
 directly answer it was 5, and so with all the figures, if 
 they had 200 or more of them. Although a very little 
 practice would discover this, yet it may not be amiss if 
 some trivial assistance were furnished on the present 
 occasion. 
 
 By observing the diagram, page 43, in which are the 
 mnemonical words, employed for recollecting the figures; 
 the students will perceive that they are numbered 1, 2,3, 4, 
 &c. to 18 ; that the toieven numbers of the series uniformly 
 commence each word, as No. 1, is the first consonant in 
 the first compartment. No. 3 is the first in the second, No.5, 
 the first in the thireL, &c.— the 7th, 9th, llth,13th, 15th, and 
 17th, being likewise uneven numbers, are the commencing 
 consonants in their respective squares. The even numbers 
 of the series are, with the same certainty, the last conso- 
 . nants in each compartment, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, IS are 
 all found in their proper squares, as the last coiisonants ; 
 by noting this, they know where to look for any particular 
 number they may want : and by also remarking that they 
 have placed only two figures in each compartment, they 
 can divide any given number by 2, which determines 
 the compartment such figure is in. Thus, if asked, the 
 10th figure of their series of figures, page 42, the}- 
 must in their mind divide 10 by 2, leaving the quotient 5, 
 the Jifth word; then apply to the fifth symbol for it, when 
 ie© directly presents the word Rob;— now as 10 is aa
 
 46 
 
 eten number, they must only direct their attention to the 
 letter B in Rob, which they readily convert into 8, the 
 tenth figure of the series. Knowing the principle that 
 influenced them in dividing by 2, they can omit that mode, 
 and adopt a quicker method, by taking at once the half of 
 any eie/« number, that may be required — thus the half of 
 10 is readier than dividing by 2. 
 
 Which is the 14th figure of the series ? — The half of 
 14 is 7, the seventh symbol furnishes the word Navy — 14 
 being an even number they refer to V. which is 6, the 14th 
 number. 
 
 When an uneven number is required; instead of first 
 dividing by 2 ; they may add 1 to it to make it even, and 
 then proceed as before. Thus the 11th figure is asked. — 
 add 1 to it, which makes 12, the half of 12 is 6. — The sixth 
 word is sought for on Mount Ida (the 6th symbol) we 
 there find a Quail, but as the 11th number is odcl,v/e refer 
 to the Jirst consonant, which is Q, the sign for the figure 1, 
 the 11th figure — see page 42, 
 
 If they have several series of figures to commit to 
 memoiy, and that they are apprehensive they may confuse 
 each other, a story connecting each distinct series might 
 be devised, which would prevent it ; thus in the same series, 
 by changing some of the words (that nevertheless are the 
 proper signs of the same figures) they may form a story 
 like the following. 
 
 Ate has aVEiL on her, which she put on, that she might 
 not be discovered in her design to stick a Pin in the head of 
 Ino; she afterwards struck Guy with a Rope, who jumped 
 upon the back of theiJoe, and fled into a Cave for shelter, 
 but there he saw Leo picking the Rib of a Quail, that 
 he caught on Mount Ida, being perched on an Oak, where
 
 47 
 
 it went to Hide itself from Three-fingered Jack, who sat 
 with 2inApe upon an Ebon chair, endeavouring to snare it. 
 This grotesque story repeated a few times w ill keep that 
 order of figures distinct from any other. 
 
 This mode of making a word of two figures will be 
 found the readiest for general purposes, where a long series 
 of figures that follow consecutively are necessary to be com- 
 mitted to memory; but mnemonicians may sometimes find it 
 useful to make a word of three figures or four, or as many 
 as they find convenient; this example will shew how they 
 may proceed in arranging three figures, The same series 
 of figures, page 4^, will exemplify. 
 
 659 will make the word Vilify, to recollect it, use 
 AtCj who from her malicious disposition is very prone to 
 Vilify people. 
 
 249 makes Harp, on which Ino was playing, before 
 she came to the resolution of destroying herself. 
 
 764 Cider— which Guy drank after his furious en- 
 counter. "^ 
 
 815 Beetle — that was perched on the head of the i?oe, 
 260 Hideous. — Leo roars in a very Hideous manner. 
 182 Town. — Mount Ida may yet become a Town, or 
 Paris exposed to the Sun must be very Tawny. 
 
 In the act of committing figures to memory by the aid of 
 words, associated with symbols, each student will of course 
 follow his own peculiar mode ; but the method which the 
 writer of this adopts on such occasions, is, to commit three 
 words to memory first, then three more, and repeat the 
 six; afterwards three more, and repeat the nine, and so 
 on. This plan may appear more tedious than necessary, 
 but he is satisfied, that with him at least, it is the quickest, 
 as it is certainly the surest mode.
 
 48 
 
 Proper names of men or women may, by a little inge- 
 nuity be recollected, by associating them with the symbols. 
 An officer could soon commit to memory the names of all 
 his men J a number of words of a detached nature could 
 also be assimilated. 
 
 It may be serviceable to give a few examples, to shew 
 the manner of applying the system to pounds, shillings, 
 and pence — as, 
 
 ^32,695..9..3. 
 
 The word or words for the pounds, must be distinct 
 from the word for shillings, as such word must be seperate 
 from the pence. The consonants representing the above 
 figures, stand as follow — m n d f l=f=m. These, by in- 
 troducing vowels, can be easily made into a correct sentence, 
 as, MiNr>FUL=OF=ME; and enumerating them in the 
 order of pence, shillings, and pounds, the last word will 
 be pence — the word immediately preceding it, will be 
 shillings — and the word or words before them must be 
 pounds. We may not always f nd it easy to make one 
 word of the pounds, in which case we can make two or 
 three if we please, but the fewer the better. The above fi- 
 gures, might be very differently worded; it would be equally 
 correct to say — Gain a DEFir-E = oF = ME, or— Mind 
 
 FOOI.= A FOE = I AM, Or — I MeAN A DEEP LIE = IF = I 
 
 GO. The last would be, in many instances, objectionable; 
 for it is desirable, if it can be done easily, that when 
 the pounds make more than one word, the last be not a 
 word that has but one consonant in it, lest it should be in 
 some sentences, confounded with the shillings, as in the 
 following example — £92l6..1..0. In the absence of pence 
 there is no occasion for a word to characterize the cypher ; 
 we require words only for the pounds and shillings. The 
 above figures will make a good combination, by saying
 
 49 
 
 Painted = ii, or Pointed=it. When we cannot make 
 one word of the pounds, we may perhaps divide them after 
 this manner — A feint idea==too, or Ifain out»o==it; 
 but although these two examples correctly express 
 ^9216..1..0, yet some difficulty may arise in discriminating 
 the pounds and shillings, as a person might forget where 
 the marks were between them ; for the former of these sen- 
 tences, A FEINT iDEA=Too, might be divided wrong, and 
 be translated as £92l..6..\, by forgetting that idea be- 
 longed to the pounds: and the other example, I fain 
 ouTD0=iT, might be called o£92..16..1. 
 
 But such mistakes can be guarded against, by making 
 the word which precedes the shillings, with so many conso- 
 nants, that it cannot mislead ; as in this example with the 
 same figures — A foe noted =it. 
 
 These precautions are only necessary when the two 
 last figures of the pounds are under 20, for any number 
 above 19, cannot be mistaken for shillings. Thus this 
 example .£95,520..11.iO may be worded — A full house = 
 I quit; as we cannot correctly say — o£935..20..11. These 
 figures will be better expressed by this sentence — A 
 pale alien's = quota. The same observations maybe 
 of use when we have pounds only to recollect. 
 
 The learners will perceive from these examples, that 
 in their sentences for pounds, shillings, and pence j the 
 pounds may have as many words as they please to represent 
 them; but the shillings and pence must each have one 
 word, distinct from each other, and likewise distinct from 
 the pounds. 
 
 When it happens that they have a combination of 
 figures, where there are pounds and pence, without any 
 shillings, they can use any of the monosyllables, as, is, 
 us, so, SEE, &c. &c, to supply the place of shillings; for, 
 
 B
 
 50 
 
 a8 the letter s is always a cipher when preceded by a con- 
 sonant, when they find it in a technical sentence of this 
 nature, they immediately recognize it as the character de- 
 signating the absence of shillings, as in these examples — 
 
 ,£5321..0..4 LlGHT=AS=AlR. 
 
 9259..0..8 Philip=is=a Beau. 
 
 626..0..6 Lend=us=Aid. 
 
 9426..0..1 ^FlUEND=S0=I EAT. 
 
 (Friend=see=I eat. 
 5615..0..G—— Leave toil=as=I do. 
 
 In this last example we cannot mistake the w^ord Toil, 
 by supposing it 15s. for the word as, is a distinct mark of 
 the cipher that supplies the place of shillings, therefore 
 whatever word or words precede it, must be pounds. The 
 only probability of mistake Avill be, where the last charac- 
 ter of pounds is a cipher, and that there are no pence, as in 
 this example — .£32410..3..0. If we use this sentence, 
 which will properly represent it, I am hurt as=I go, we 
 run a risk of making the word as, the character denoting the 
 place of shillings, instead of its being attached to the 
 pounds, and might be thus written <£3241..0..3 ; but if we 
 make the word which precedes the shillings of sufficient 
 length, or what is the same thing, put a certain number of 
 consonants in it, mistakes will be prevented, as this sentence 
 will shew=:A man routs=me. 
 
 These examples may serve to guide learners in their 
 early career. ^ 
 
 Similar combinations will be serviceable to them where- 
 ever words are used for figures; whether employed in re- 
 collecting the heights of mountains, diameters of planets, 
 distances of places, prices of articles, number of a hackney
 
 51 
 
 coach, or of a house, &c. &c. ; but they are recommended, 
 whenever they can call in the assistance of association, 
 never to neglect it. 
 
 The author is avrare that it will be sometimes difficult 
 to make as happy assimilations as may be desired; but the 
 most indiflerent will assist: indeed, the very act of endea- 
 vouring to associate, will tend to fix more permanently 
 our objects in the mind: and he is certain that a very little 
 practice, will render it easy for a person to make an assimi- 
 lation, that will be for his own purpose, sufficiently appo- 
 site. Unless the indolent apply, they cannot expect suc- 
 cess in this branch of knowledge, nor in any other. The 
 following example of the number ot uninhabited square 
 miles that are on the surface of the earth, may guide in 
 other instances — they are 160,522,026. The consonants 
 placed thus, t d s, i, n n, s n d, will, by introducing vowels, 
 become this sentence — A tedious, line on, sand; 
 which sentence is certainly easier to recollect than figures. 
 But if it be observed, that as a great portion of the unin- 
 habited parts of the earth is Sand, to have to travel through 
 the whole, it would be indeed a tedious line on 
 SAND ; such association would tend to impress our minds 
 much better than without it. The Decam.eron of Boc- 
 cacio lately sold for =£2260, making the word hands : we 
 can observe that an immense sum of money was paid for 
 it, and after all, the work only changed hands. The 
 height of Bull barrow, in Dorsetshire, is 927 feet; it will 
 make the word Pink: we may here make a ludicrous 
 image of a Bull in a Barrow with a Pink on his forehead. 
 The height of the highest of the Pyramids of Egypt id 
 693 feet, it makes the word Defame: we can observe, 
 that to say the large Pyramid of Egypt was not one of the 
 greatest wonders in the world, would be to Defame it, 
 
 D 3
 
 52 
 
 There may be sometimes a difficulty in making one 
 auilable \vord of several figures, such as the height of a 
 mountain, &c. &.c. in which case we can use two, or three, 
 or as many as we please. The height of Snowdon mount 
 is 3571 feet; it will make the word Mulct: but a 
 better association may be formed of two, in the words 
 MitK TEA, observing, that as snow is white, and milk also 
 being white, some assistance may be derived from the ana- 
 logy. Still further, it may be said, that as Wales is fre- 
 quently the resort cf valetudinarians, to drink Goat's milk, 
 we can in imagination place some of them on mount Snow- 
 don, drinking Milk tea. 
 
 Learners are requested not to study the subsequent 
 chapter, until they know the scale of consonants and 
 figures, and, if possible, have applied them. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 THIS chapter is a continuation of the former part of 
 the subject, in the application of figures, to characters ex- 
 pressive of hundreds, thousands, millions, and fractions. 
 To accomplish this necessaiy part of the system, it was 
 observed that the students ought to be well acquainted 
 with the power and combinations of the first arrangement 
 of numeralsy ere they use them here, or they will be liable 
 to confound the two parts, which are in themselves per- 
 fectly simple. 
 
 As all the consonants in the alphabet are engaged in 
 the scale, page 29, the difficulty may appear insuperable:
 
 53 
 
 but notwithstanding their distinct u*e in that table, a cer- 
 tain modification of them has been effected, to produce the 
 desired object, without interfering with the simplicity of 
 that arrangement. The letters s and x, the students know, 
 are applied to designate the 0, or cipher, as the words 
 WISE and vkx will exhibit, making the figures 80 and 60; 
 but if those letters were solely appropriated to the cipher, 
 we should lose the very valuable assistance of all the words 
 that begin with them: thus Smile, Son, Extent, Sec. Sec. 
 could not be used ; for the first, if changed into figures, 
 would be 035; the second 02 ; the third 01-21; which ar- 
 rangement of figures never occurs, except in decimal frac- 
 tions, to which branch it may be applied without any 
 altenition. But for all the other parts of arithmeticj 
 the following addition to the first plan will be found ap- 
 plicable. 
 
 Whenever the letters s or x, exist solelfi in a words 
 neither preceded nor folhiced by any other consonant, such 
 word is to be a character for 100; thus the words Sea, So, 
 See, As, Us, Ox, Axe, &c. &c. are each expressive of 
 100. If we subjoin another consonant to either of them, 
 they each retain the character of One hundred, and the 
 added consonant has its original value: the word Sat will 
 be 101, the S, being one hundred, and the T a 1-^Son, 102 — 
 Some, 103 — Oxen, 102, &c. &c. But if we increase the 
 number of consonants beyond two, Avhether three, four, 
 five, or six, &c. in a word or sentence, the s and x so situ- 
 ated (beginning them) merely supply the first unit's place, 
 and have the same power as the letters t or q, and become 
 either hundreds, thousands, or millions, as they have con- 
 sonants added to them. The word Spict. Ib 197, the S being 
 1, the p and c being 97. Share is 124, If we add to the 
 former, an s, and make it Spices, it becomes JSIQ, as a XJ
 
 54 
 
 being added to the latter, making Shaded, becomes 1246. 
 This sentence. Spices are Eaten, make the following 
 figures — 1,970,412 ; the same rule applies to the letter 
 X. The word Exact will be 171, as Exaction will be 
 1712, &c. &c. but when cither of those letters are pre- 
 ceded by a consonant or consonants, they cease to be con- 
 sidered otherwise than orignally given, that is, they are ct- 
 phers. See would be 100, but To see would be 10. 
 
 It may appear that the example in page 43, of the 
 •word SooT, associated with Three Fingered Jack, will con- 
 travene this rule; but as that, was one of the illustrations 
 given, to assist in recollecting a number of figures consecu- 
 tively arranged, the word Soot representing the figures 01, 
 though associated by itself, was still a part of a series of 
 figures, in which were many consonants preceding it. 
 
 To have a character for One Thousand, and Thousand, 
 we must combine the letters t and h ; and form them into % 
 word — thus. The will be 1000; Thee, Thou, Oath, &c. 
 &c. will express the same number. If we add a consonant 
 or consonants to such words, they w ill have their primary 
 force, enumerating them in the order of units, tens, hun- 
 dreds, &c. The word that will be 1001, the letter t be- 
 ing a 1 — than, 1002 — therefore, 1,494. Care must be 
 taken, to mark, that th is not considered as 1 and 2, as in 
 the table of letters and figures, for the word therefore 
 might be transposed, and called 12,494. 
 
 So far regards the application of th, as a character for 
 One thousand: to use it where it is more wanting, as Thou- 
 sand, is equally simple. Whenever xi is preceded by a con- 
 sonant, it loses its character of One thousarid, and must be 
 strictly understood to refer to Thousand solely ; the preced- 
 ing consonant determining its value : thus the word Faith 
 icpresents 9000, the f being 9, the th being Thousand.
 
 55 
 
 If this distinction were not attended to, and th always 
 understood to be One thousand, the word Faith might be 
 called nineUj-one thousand. Doth is 6000, Willeth 
 855,000, A RUDE OATH 4G,000, &c. &c. Where th occur* 
 in a word, preceded and terminated by a consonant or conso- 
 nants, it is in the same manner to be considered as desig- 
 nating thousand. The word Neither will be 2004, n 
 being 2, the th thousand, and r a 4. MouTiif ul is 3095, 
 Worthless, 84,500. 
 
 It may be considered, that by this application of th, 
 those letters can never be used as 1 and 2, but they can 
 with perfect safety: Whenever they are found in a word 
 or sentence not combined, as th, they have their original 
 characters, 1 and 2, Tense being 120, Hand 226. If they' 
 even occur in the same word, not combined, they are still 
 to be considered distinct. Photon is 9212. The word 
 Ought is 321 : here the h is before the t ; the latter must 
 always precede it, to express 1000, or thousand. 
 
 Th being the initial letters of thousand, may be easily 
 recollected. 
 
 As in the great variety of arrangements with figures, 
 th already given, though extremely useful, ma^ not be 
 very easily applied in some instances, we make another cha- 
 racter, which is to represent Thousand only, not One thou- 
 sand. The letters sh, when joined together, have this 
 power=thus the word Rash is 4000,Clash, 75,000,Flash, 
 95,000 ; but in the beginning of a word followed by a con- 
 sonant or consonants, it does not differ from its former clas- 
 sification. The word Shun, is one hundred and twenty- 
 two; Sheriff is 12,499. 
 
 To express one million, and million, we use the vowel y, 
 which has nearly the same powers applied to millions, that 
 th has to thousands. The word you is one million, as are
 
 the words ye, eye, ave, &c. If we add consonants, they 
 are to be enumerated as units, tens, &c. from the right 
 hand to the left. The word Yet is one million and one— 
 You, one million and two — Younicer, one million, two 
 hundred and seventy-four, &c. ; but its principal use, is to 
 express mi/lion. Thus 3,000,000 is represented by either 
 the words May or Gay, the M or G being 3, the y mil- 
 lion. Day is 6 millions. Clay is 75 millions. Pulley 955 
 millions, &c. 
 
 Not to lose for general purposes, the services of the y ; 
 which would be be the case if always considered as a 7wz7- 
 lion, it may be used as a vowel in all the situations where it 
 would be impossible that it should be mistaken for mil- 
 lions; thus the word Play in Geography, might be pro- 
 perly called 95 degrees of Longitude, as we could not say 
 millions of degrees. In Chronology, the word Dismay, 
 cannot be termed 603 millions of years. It only requires 
 to be kept apart, for all those purposes where mistakes 
 might occur, as in Revenue, Astronomy, &c. &c. 
 
 "When the students are practised in the system of 
 figures, they can make any modification of the consonants 
 for particular purposes, that they may find requisite, but if 
 introduced in the early part of their study, may confuse. 
 
 Thus the combination of the letters nt could be used 
 to represent One hundred thousand. The words Ant or 
 Aunt expressing them. When preceded by consonants, the 
 rule applied to th and y will guide : Haumt will be Two 
 hundred thousand— Lv.st 500,000— Bent, 800,000, &c- — 
 Where there are more consonants than one, before ni, their 
 value will be understood by the common rules of enume- 
 ration : the word Flint will represent nine millions Jive 
 hundred thousand: — for the letter l united to )it, being a 
 character for 500,000, the next higher number must be 
 millions. — Burnt is Eight millions four hundred thousand:
 
 5f 
 
 Repri«< is Forty-nine million, four hundred thousand : — 
 REPRtw^ED is the same sum, with the addition of the unit 
 6, — 49,400,006. REPRi72i a grammar, will make the 
 figures 49,434,334; — here the word Grammar has the 
 proper number of consonants that follow the four hundred 
 thousand (marked by the unt), without any interv^ening 
 cyphers. 
 
 Learners must impress upon their minds, the pro- 
 perties they attach to such combinations, not to translate 
 the letters nt as 21. — But it would, perhaps, be better, only 
 to use them where a number of ciphers occur after a figure 
 or figures ; as 600,000 is very conveniently represented by 
 the word Vent, or Dont ; indeed, without some such ar- 
 rangement, it could not be expressed, as their would be a 
 very great difficulty in procuring the letters s or x, to 
 follow the letter representing 6, in any kind of gramma- 
 tical order. But in such a series of figures as the one al- 
 ready instanced, 49,434,334, the use of the nt may be 
 avoided, by a sentence of this nature, Repair a gram- 
 mar, or Repay, rigour, MEGARA. 
 
 The students need not hesitate to use nt as 21, in all 
 the situations, where they know that hundred thousands 
 cannot be applied. 
 
 It is sometimes necessary in figures to recollect frac- 
 tionSjWhether attached to pounds,shillings, and pence, or to 
 weights and measures; to have a character for this purpose, 
 we must make free with our first scale, as in the recent 
 instance of thousands, &c. 
 
 We select the letter g to be the seperatrix between the 
 numerator and the denominator^ to have no value in itself, 
 but merely to be the sign of the fraction; the numerator 
 being the consonant or consonants that immediately 
 precede it, and the denominator that follow it^ — Thus -^ ig; 
 represented by the words Negro or AjJGjiRi n being 2,
 
 58 
 
 the c equivalent to the dividing line ; and r the cha- 
 racter for 4 — MEAij-HE or MALgiiE,\vili represent:!; — -y- 
 byELEg-iAC;— I by Bi^ijpie;— r-oVa by Akouetii, &c. 
 
 Where the numerator is 1, it need not be expressed, 
 the letter g equally representing the fraction, and such unit 
 only — thus \ may be known by the w^ords ^^un, g"ONE, 
 g-AiN, &c.— -J by g-AME— :^ by ^-eer or ^^ore — ^ by ^ale, 
 vVbyg-ATEs— rj by go quiet — j-rW by ^'oth, &c. &c. 
 Here there will be no difficulty in recognizing the frac- 
 tions ; for as they are always the last figures in any sum, 
 whenever we find a word, terminating our technical 
 phrase, that has the letter g in it, followed by another 
 letter, expressing the denominator ; we know at once that 
 Fractions are included, as in this sentence : Times are 
 QUITE Meagre — there can be no difficulty in converting 
 
 it into e£l30 4 Hi 
 
 Times ARE QUIET I agree 130 4 11| 
 
 Times ARE QUIET A^AiN - 130 4 \\\ 
 
 Friends too are ^one - 94,260 1 4| 
 Although we use g as the sign of fractions where they 
 are wanting, we may still apply it in all cases, where there 
 is no risk of confounding it ; even in the same word or 
 sentence, in which fractions are ; for knowing that they can 
 be expressed only once in a sentence, and that the word 
 representing them must be the last, if a ^ be in that 
 word, no danger of erring can arise — as in this example, 
 236..13..3^ may be written, Ingood=Time=I go = again. 
 In these various modifications to produce useful cha- 
 racters for hundreds, thousands, millions, and fractions, 
 there may be a few objections started, in applying some 
 w^ords that are not reducible to the rules laid down ; al- 
 though the instances are very few that can be cited, it 
 may be necessary to mention them. 
 
 We shall begin with the doubts that may arise with
 
 59 
 
 the letter S, in its double capacity ; for although the 
 writer conceives, that the application is sulficiently perfect 
 in all its bearings ; yet as objections have been made by 
 some friend?, who were satisfied with his explanations ; he 
 thinks it proper to notice them here, lest others should en- 
 tertain similar opinions. How can the words, as, ass, and 
 ASSES, be reconciled to represent lOO? (their application is 
 not doubted, where a consonant precedes them, for then 
 they would be all ciphers). If the readers refer to page 53, 
 they will find it clearly expressed, that the first word As, is 
 100; and if they read a little further, they will find that if 
 another consonant be subjoined to a preceding s, that such 
 word will still be for 100, and the second consonant w^ill have 
 its original value, as in the word Sat, being 101. If this 
 be easily understood, there can be no difficulty in deter- 
 mining that the word Ass is 100, for the second S being a 
 cipher, when preceded by a consonant, can neither add to 
 nor diminish the former. If it were allowed that a» the 
 first word As, was a hundred, and that another cipher added 
 to it, would make it a thousand, then the second s v/ouid 
 have a superior value to the t in the word Sat, or n in the 
 word Son, See. which words are plainly enough understood 
 to be 101 and 102. 
 
 The subsequent explanation, page 53, will shew that 
 AssES, can express no more than 100 ; as the word Spice 
 shews; which is 197. — T/tree consonants for ^/jree figures ; 
 and so far from its being a defect in the system, to have 
 several words, to represent the same figure or figures, Mne- 
 monicians will find, that however copious the English lan- 
 guage may be, that the words are, if any thing, too few ioi 
 the purposes, to which they may wish to apply them. 
 
 If the letter S had only two powers; to be used as a 
 cypher, when preceded by a consonant ; and when begin-
 
 60 
 
 ning a word, to be a character for 1 in all sitnations, whe» 
 ther for tens, hundreds, thousands, or millions, it would be 
 certainly more simple, but much less useful than the pre- 
 sent arrangement, as a little practice will prove. 
 
 The junction of th, for one thousand is not so perfect ; 
 for there are a few words that do not come under the given 
 rules; for it is observed in page 54, that th commencing a 
 word, is one thousand : and if followed by other consonants; 
 They are to be enumerated in the regular mode, from the 
 right hand to the left, in units and hundreds, as the word 
 Thorough exhibits, making 1432 — Here it is evident that 
 if more than i/tree consonants follow th, the rule will not 
 apply, as in the word Thoroughfare, which makes the 
 figures 143,294, being two figures more than can come 
 under the head of thousands^ if th be allowed to hold the 
 game rank throughout. But here the students are desired 
 to recollect.that in their application of this system, they have 
 always the choice of their own words; and when one occurs 
 that cannot be employed easily, they may reject it and 
 take another, of which they have no doubt ; that as figures 
 are not intended to represent words, but words to represent 
 figures; they have themselves the selection, and of course, 
 would not use one that might confuse them. — Further, that 
 although TH was intended to be applied as a character 
 for 1000, Yet it was principally devised for thousandy to 
 which no objection can be found; for its value cannot be 
 injured by any number of consonants preceding it, as it 
 may be extended to millions or billions, and yet retain its 
 proper character, as this word will shew, Dread fulOath, 
 which is in figures, (54,(595,000, sixty-four million^ six hun- 
 dred and ninety-five thousand. 
 
 But that their may be no words in the language, un- 
 applied, if desired; this arrangement will be found effee-
 
 61 
 
 tual. When th is followed by more than three consonants, 
 it shall lose its character of One thousand ?ind be considered 
 
 a 1 ; thus Thoroughfare will represent 143,294, one 
 
 hundred and forty-three thousand, two hundred and ninety- 
 four this rule will be found easy and effectual. Ono 
 
 doubt more may arise in the word Thither, in which th 
 occurs tivicc; this can be remedied by making the second, 
 hold its character o{ thousand, but the former th to be a 1 
 and 2— it will become by this mode, 12,004 : Thrash, by 
 the same rule, 124,000. But these exceptions may be left 
 aside without any inconvenience; nor can they be urged 
 as a cause for abandoning th, which is found to be so gene- 
 rally useful. 
 
 The objections to Y may be in those words, which 
 begin and end with it ; but they can be overcome, by 
 considering in all such cases, the final Y as a vowel. As 
 Yearly may be viewed as if the y were an i, Yearli, 
 which would therefore be one million and forty-five: 
 Yeomanry, one million, three hundred and twenty-four.
 
 62 
 
 ©fjiottolou^. 
 
 IN applying this system to that portion of Chronology, 
 which relates to the order and succession of monarchs, the 
 periods that each ascended the throne, &c. There will be 
 a considerable difference in the arrangement or basis ; and 
 the mode of association, between it and general history. — 
 In the latter, the plan and disposition of places will be dif- 
 ferent — symbols will not be required, the recorded events 
 need no distortion, a correct and classical assimilation 
 may be adhered to throughout ; but in the former, the 
 association of monarchs, dates and symbols, are of that 
 nature, which at first view may appear objectionable; but, 
 which, the writer hopes, a little consideration, and a con- 
 viction of its practical utilit}'^ will remove. 
 
 Various modes have been devised, to impress chrono- 
 logical tables in the mind; which is a proof of the import- 
 ance attached to that branch of study : poetry and prose 
 in all its varieties have been employed; but none of the 
 plans that the author has examined, he feels confident in 
 asserting, are so well calculated to attain the proposed end^ 
 either in quickness, permanency, or disposability as the 
 present, which, if he substantiate, will be powerful argu-
 
 63 
 
 ments in its favour; indeed the only objection that can be 
 made, he conceives, is to the very free use he makes of the 
 grotesque ; the assistance of which he would at once reject, 
 were it not, that its importance is so manifest to him, that 
 if he dispensed with it, he fears that he would be unable to 
 atchieve the pomt he is so desirous of gaining. 
 
 If he attempted to enter into the various argu- 
 ments, that may be advanced for, or against the present 
 arrangement, he would unnecessarily swell this work; 
 and perhaps fail in demonstrating to many its utility ; he 
 must therefore leave it to the public to decide ; he only 
 requires, that those who condemn, will try its power ere 
 they disapprove : Before they ridicule it as frivolous; exa- 
 mine if it be not efficient : This ought to be the test of 
 condemnation or applause. 
 
 If in a diy study, we find a playftd or a ludicrous 
 assimilation assist our memory, in a superior degree to a 
 more sober, chaste, or correct association, in subjects 
 where brilliancy, wit, or genius, cannot be violated ; the 
 author imagines, that the most classical feeling need not be 
 alarmed; such a mode unbends the mind from severer 
 pursuits, impresses and amuses at the same time. But if, 
 notwithstanding his predilection, in its favour (from its 
 utility alone) others adhere to a contrary opinion; they 
 could, by the adoption of the sam.e means, be as classical 
 as refined as they please. It only remains for him now 
 to unfold his plan, for approbation or censure: — 
 
 It is fi-equently desirable to know the order of succes- 
 sion of the monarchs whose dates we impress : to know 
 for instance that Comrnodus was the 18th Emperor of Rome ' 
 or Henry VIII. the twentieth monarch from the conquest, 
 independently of being able to state that the former began 
 to reign in 180 A.D. as the latter did in 1509. This
 
 64 
 
 object can be attained, by associating the diflerentmonarchg 
 of the respective countries, with tlie symbols; commencing 
 with AtCy and proceeding forward to the period, we choose 
 to terminate. 
 
 Agreeably to this plan we shall first present the En- 
 glish monarchs ; beginning from the close of the Heptarchy, 
 when the kingdom of England became united in the per- 
 son of Egbert ; and terminating with the reign of his pre- 
 sent Majesty, KingGeorge the Third. The whole of which 
 may be committed to memory in one hour, if the symbols 
 be well impressed on the mind before hand ; if not, the 
 author recommends the students, before they enter on the 
 present pursuit, to re-peruse his directions, pages 37 and 
 38, and act upon them, by committing, at least, fifty sym- 
 bols to memor}-. 
 
 TABULAR ARRANGEMENT OF THE KINGS OF 
 ENGLAND FROM EGBERT. 
 
 u. 
 
 Names. 
 
 
 Dates 
 
 of Ac* 
 
 Symbols. 
 
 Technical 
 
 
 
 
 cession. 
 
 
 Words. 
 
 1 
 
 Egbert - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 827 
 
 Ate - 
 
 Bank 
 
 2 
 
 Ethel wolf 
 
 . 
 
 - 
 
 838 
 
 I no - 
 
 Bamboo 
 
 3 
 
 Ethelbald 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 857 
 
 Guy - 
 
 Bleak 
 
 4 
 
 Ethelbert 
 
 - 
 
 . 
 
 860 
 
 Roe - 
 
 Woods 
 
 5 
 
 *Ethered 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 866 
 
 Leo - 
 
 Weaved 
 
 6 
 
 Alfred 
 
 - 
 
 ^ 
 
 872 
 
 Ida - 
 
 Awaken 
 
 7 
 
 Edward the Elder 
 
 . 
 
 901 
 
 Oak - 
 
 Fist 
 
 8 
 
 Athelstan 
 
 « 
 
 m 
 
 925 
 
 Obi - 
 
 Phial 
 
 * Hnme calli bin Etbiftii moit writers caU him Etbilrtd ,
 
 65 
 
 No. 
 
 Names. 
 
 
 Dates of Ac- 
 cession. 
 
 Symbols. 
 
 Technical 
 Words. 
 
 9 
 
 Edmund I. 
 
 - 
 
 941 
 
 Ape 
 
 Fort 
 
 10 
 
 Edred ''- 
 
 - 
 
 946 
 
 Atys 
 
 Proud 
 
 11 
 
 Edwy 
 
 - 
 
 9^5 
 
 Equity 
 
 Apollo 
 
 12 
 
 Edgar 
 
 - 
 
 959 
 
 Autonoe 
 
 Flap 
 
 13 
 
 Edward the 
 
 Martyr 
 
 975 
 
 Time 
 
 Facile 
 
 14 
 
 Ethelred - 
 
 - 
 
 978 
 
 Equery 
 
 Pike Boy 
 
 15 
 
 (Sueno of Denmark usurp- 
 ed in 1013 but Ethelred 
 was restored in 1014.) 
 Edmund Ironsides - 10,16 
 
 Atyla 
 
 Tied 
 
 DANISH KINGS. 
 
 16 Canute - 
 
 17 Harold Harefoot 
 
 18 Hardicanute - 
 
 10,17 Tuova 
 10,35 Teuca 
 10,39 Tohy 
 
 Quake 
 
 Mole 
 
 Mop 
 
 ENGLISH SAXONS RESTORED. 
 
 19 Edward the Confessor 10,41 Tupia Rite 
 
 20 Harold - - - 10,66 Eneas Died 
 
 NORMAN KINGS. 
 
 The Conquest. 
 
 SI William the Conqueror 10,66 
 
 22 William II. - - 10,87 
 
 23 Henry I. - - 1,100 
 
 24 Stephen- - - 1,135 
 
 Natio Dove 
 
 Noah Weak 
 
 Hygeia Sea 
 
 Hero Smile
 
 66 
 
 THE FAMILY OF PLANTAGENET, OR THE 
 SAXON LINE RESTORED. 
 
 No. 
 
 Names. 
 
 Dateg of Ac- 
 cession. 
 
 Symbols. 
 
 Technical 
 Wordi. 
 
 25 
 
 Henry II. 
 
 1,154 
 
 Hyah 
 
 Sailor 
 
 26 
 
 Richard I. 
 
 1,189 
 
 Naiad 
 
 Sweep 
 
 27 
 
 John 
 
 1,199 
 
 Inca 
 
 Seapipe 
 
 28 
 
 Heniy IIL - 
 
 1,216 
 
 Hebe 
 
 United 
 
 29 
 
 Edward I. 
 
 1,272 
 
 Hope 
 
 Inch 
 
 30 
 
 Edward II. - 
 
 1,307 
 
 Egeus 
 
 Music 
 
 31 
 
 Edward III. - 
 
 1,327 
 
 Muta 
 
 Monk 
 
 32 
 
 Richard II. 
 
 1,377 
 
 Egeon 
 
 Mock 
 
 HOUSE OF LANCASTER. 
 
 33 
 
 Henry IV. - 
 
 1,399 
 
 Gama 
 
 Muff 
 
 34 
 
 Henry V. 
 
 1,413 
 
 Maria 
 
 Requiem 
 
 35 
 
 HcHry VL - 
 
 1,422 
 
 Milo 
 
 Rhino 
 
 36 Edward IV. 
 
 37 Edward V. 
 
 38 Richard III. 
 
 HOUSE OF YORK. 
 
 1,461 Medea Ride out 
 
 1,483 Egica Rob me 
 
 1,483 Mab Ron 'em 
 
 YORK AND LANCASTER UNITED UNDER THE 
 HOUSE OF TUDOR. 
 
 39 
 
 Henry VII. - 
 
 1,485 
 
 Gopice 
 
 Arable 
 
 40 
 
 Henry Vm. - 
 
 1,509 
 
 Iris 
 
 Lisp 
 
 41 
 
 Edward VL - 
 
 1,547 
 
 Erato 
 
 Lyiiic 
 
 42 
 
 Mary 
 
 1,553 
 
 Urania 
 
 IlLU31E 
 
 43 
 
 Elizabeth 
 
 1,558 
 
 Argo 
 
 Yellow
 
 67 
 
 44 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 48 
 49 
 
 HOUSE OF STUART. 
 
 Names. Dates of Ac- Symbols, 
 
 cessioa. 
 
 James I. 1,603 Zara 
 
 Charles I. 1,625 Ariel 
 
 The Corainonwealth from 1,649 1 
 
 to the Restoration of V Zaida 
 
 Charles II. in 1,660 J 
 
 James 11. 1,685 Yarico 
 
 William lU. & Q». Mary 1,689 Arab 
 Anna 1,702 Eiiropa 
 
 THE BRUNSWICK FAMILY. 
 
 Technical 
 Words. 
 
 Dismay 
 Denial 
 
 Droop 
 Doves 
 
 AVOWAI, 
 
 Dawpie 
 
 Cousin 
 
 50 George the First 
 
 61 George the Second 
 
 62 George the Third 
 
 1,7141 ACQUIP.B 
 
 1,727 y Eolus Choice 
 1,760 J Codes 
 
 This table contains the names of the respective mo- 
 tiarchs, the periods of their accession to the throne, the 
 g^anbols with which they are to be associated, and the 
 technical words of the dates. We shall now present the 
 associations necessary to be committed to memory. 
 
 As learners will derive considerable advantage through- 
 put the whole course of this system, by endeavouring to 
 form pictures thart their minds can fancy ; v/herever an op- 
 portunity offers in these tables, the names of individuals, 
 as well as the words of the dates, will be represented by 
 •ensible objects ; well knowing, that they are calculated to 
 impress the mind more forcibly than mere words, or ab- 
 stract ideas, that we cannot embody ; the students are 
 therefore recommended to avail themselves of all those aids 
 which a little experience will prove of such advantage to 
 them. For instance, if Egbert, the first of our monarchSj, 
 
 E 2
 
 68 
 
 was assimilated with Ate, purely as Egbert, he might be 
 very soon confoundc<l with I^thehvolf, Ethclbald, or Ethel- 
 hert: if the first monarch (from being the first) is not 
 likely to be forgotten ; the succeeding ones are not so well 
 defended ; but if we dissect the name of Egbert, and say 
 that Ate has an Egg and a Bird in her hand, which she is 
 placing upon a Bank, here we form pictures which we can 
 very readily present to our mental view, to assist our re- 
 collection. The students in doing this, must gaze upon the 
 particular part of their room No. l,where they have already 
 placed Ate; and with the symbol likewise in their hand, to 
 assist them in forming the picture j alternately gazing on it 
 and the place; they may in a minute make that kind of re- 
 presentation which will be effectual. If they merely said 
 that Ate was placing an Egg and a Bird on a Bank, this 
 might be soon forgotten; but not so, if they pourtray it in 
 the mind. If there be a chair, table, stool, or any article 
 of furniture near, they can use it in some manner to 
 assist: if a stool, it can be converted into the Bank. They 
 ought not to content themselves with saying that there is a 
 Bird, they may fancy it to be flying, or endeavouring to fly; 
 or represent, that its wings are clipped; or any little aids of 
 that nature,to assist them in recalling the object when they 
 please; the same principle to be strictly adhered to through- 
 out. It may appear more tedious, but in the end it will be 
 shorter, as one or two efforts yviWJix the association. It is 
 scarcely necessary to observe that the words Egg and Bird 
 are given from their analogy in sound to Eghertj and that 
 the word Bank, has the consonants b.n.k, which make the 
 date, 827. 
 
 In all the following associations, the words in Italics 
 refer to the Names of the kings, as the words of the 
 dates will be in small capitals.
 
 69 
 
 ASSOCIATIONS, 
 
 1 Egbert. Bank. 
 Ate is putting an Egg and a bird upon a Bank. 
 
 2 Ethelvvolf Bamboo. 
 Ino Hath a Wolf^ which she is beating with a Bamboo. 
 
 3 Ethelbald. Bleak. 
 Guy's Head is Bald, which makes him look very 
 
 Bleak, (for we can suppose that in his encounter with the 
 cow he lost his helmet.) 
 
 4 Ethelbert. Woods. 
 The Roe Eat a tall bird, which it caught in the 
 
 Woods. 
 
 5 Ethered. Weaved. 
 Leo Eat a thread, that was Weaved around him, to 
 
 ensnare him. 
 
 6 Alfred. Awaken. 
 On mount Ida, the inhabitants were All freed, to 
 
 Awaken in their minds a love of liberty. 
 
 7 Edward the Elder. Fist, 
 In the Oak, you see a Guard, with an Elder tree in his 
 
 Fist — or he is there at his Post. 
 
 8 Athelstan. Phial. 
 
 Three fingered Jack, Hath a Stone Phial, that he re- 
 ceived from the Old Witch, as the Obi or charm to protect 
 him. 
 
 9 Edmund. Fort 
 The Ape has his Head on a Mound, that was raised 
 
 for a Fort — or he looks very Pert. 
 
 10 Edred. Proud. 
 Aty's Head is red, of which be is very Proud. 
 
 11 Edwy. Apollo' 
 Equity has just received an Etui from Apollo. 
 
 12 Edgar. Flap. 
 Autonoe is very Eager to Flap Diana, for destroying 
 
 her son.
 
 70 
 
 13 Edward the Martyr. P'acile. 
 
 Time is attacking a Guard, whom he is going to Mar- 
 tyr in the most Facile manner — or he will Martyr him 
 with a PiKLE. 
 
 14 Ethelred. Pike Boy. 
 The Equery Hath a tall red Pike Boy to attend 
 
 him. 
 
 15 Edmund Ironsides. Tied.* 
 Atyla the valiant Scythian, is on A Mounds getting Iron 
 
 on his Sides, Tied very tightly round him. 
 
 16 Canute Quake. 
 Tuova the Indian is exposed so long in a Canoe that 
 
 he begins to Quake with cold. 
 
 17 Harold Harefoot. Mole. 
 Teuca is examining a Hare that's very Old, as it« 
 
 Toot is very like that of a Mole = or it's Foot ran over 
 many a Mile. 
 
 18 Hardicanute. Mop. 
 Toby is in a Hard Canoe, which he is washing out 
 
 with a Mop. 
 
 19 Edward the Confessor. Rite. 
 Tupia (the High Priest) has a Guard Confessing to 
 
 him, as he complies with every Rite of the Church. 
 
 20 Harold. Dud. 
 Eneas caught a Hare that was so Old, it Died at his 
 
 feet. 
 
 * Ac th« dates here commence within the year of one thousand, it will 
 ■ot be necessary to inclode the I, rspreEcntiog it, ia the technical words, a* 
 that can be easily recollected to be always prefixed. The Kings, from Ed< 
 nnnd Ironsides to William II. being between 1000 and 1100 ; the tw« last 
 f {vres alooe arc noted.
 
 71 
 
 THE CONQUEST, 
 
 21 William the Conqueror Dove. 
 Natio has 1 Wllloic-tTee in her hand, in the branches of 
 
 which she keeps a Dove. 
 
 22 William II. Weak. 
 Noah has 2 Willow-trees {one in each hand) that are 
 
 very Weak. 
 
 23 Henry Sea« 
 Hygeia is humanely endeavouring to save 1 Hen that 
 
 fell into the Sea. 
 
 24 Stephen mile 
 Hero is Stealing a Smile at Leander. 
 
 25 Henry II. Sailor. 
 Hyale with her bow killed 2 Hens^ that belonged to a 
 
 Sailor. 
 
 26 — Richard I. Sweep. 
 
 The Naiad is talking to a Rich man, who was for- 
 merly a Sweep. 
 
 27 John Seapipe. 
 The Inca is directing his man John^ to bring him a 
 
 Seapipe 
 
 28 Henry III. United. 
 Hebe has 3 Hens sipping out of her Cup, in a very 
 
 United manner. 
 
 29 Edward I. Inch. 
 Hope keeps 1 Guard in the corner, whom she will 
 
 not suffer to stir an Inch. 
 
 30 Edward II. Music 
 When Egeus threw himself into the sea, he ordered 
 
 2 Guards to play Music on the occasion. 
 
 31 Edward III. Monk. 
 Muta orders her 3 Guards, to bring a Monk before 
 
 her, for interrupting her silence. 
 
 ;.il^teMi;=^'S»?>''i 
 
 ■Jl'^A l<^t^ui£i£e>J
 
 72 
 
 31 Richard II, Mock. 
 
 Egeon has 2 Rich men (one on each side of him) who 
 do nothing but Mock his attempts to annoy the Gods. 
 
 33 Henry IV. Muff. 
 Gama is putting 4 Hens in a Muff, (one in each 
 
 corner). 
 
 34 Henry V. Requiem. 
 Maria has 5 Hens, (one on each finger of her hand) to 
 
 whom she is chanting a Requiem. 
 
 35 Henry VI. Rhino. 
 Milo has 6 valuable Hens presented to him, for his 
 
 skill in wrestling, they cost a great deal of Rhino. 
 
 36 Edward IV. Ride out, 
 Medea is in a square ; in each corner of which she 
 
 places a Guard fAGuardsJ to be ready to Ride out ,to ac- 
 company Jason, when she desires them. 
 
 37 Edward V. Rob me. 
 Egica is directing 5 Guards to attack Fasilia, who ex- 
 claims "They come to Rob me, of my life." 
 
 38 Richard III. Rob 'em. 
 Mab is directing her fairies to attack 3 Rich men, and 
 
 then Rob 'em. 
 
 39 Henry VII. Arable. 
 Gopiae are killing 7 Hens, for injuring some Arable 
 
 land ; they intend eating one every day in the week {seven 
 
 days). 
 
 40. Henry VIII. Lisp, 
 
 Iris is placing on the ceiling, a nest of 8 Hens ; that are 
 
 so young, they can only Lisp. 
 
 41 Edward VI. Lyric 
 
 Erato, the muse of lyric poetry, has 3 Guards on each 
 
 side of her (6) whom she is instructing to make verses
 
 73 
 
 purely Lyric— or she is giving them a sumptuous supper 
 off a Lark. 
 
 42 Mqjy Illume. 
 
 Urania is very Merry, for being dubbed the muse of 
 Astronomy, she is going to Illume her house. 
 
 43. Elizabeth. Yellow. 
 
 In the ship Argo, there is a large Lizard , which is ex- 
 tremely Yellow. 
 
 44 James I. Dismay. 
 Zara when taken prisoner, lost all her royal Gems; 
 
 which made her in great Dismay. 
 
 45 Charles L Denial. 
 Ariel fatigued with flying, is resolved to use a Chariot: 
 
 and have no Denial in procuring it. 
 
 46 Charles II. Drop. — Doves. 
 (He was deprived by the disturbances in England, 
 
 which terminated in the Commonwealth, and Cromwell's 
 Protectorate ; from ascending the Throne in 1649 ; the 
 year that his father was put to death; but he was restored 
 in the year 1660). 
 
 The Naiad, not to be outdone by Hyale ; is resolved 
 to have 2 Chariots, but one of them is ready to Dropj the 
 other is drawn by Doves. 
 
 47 James II. Avowal. 
 Yaricogave Incle 2 G«m*, when she made an Avowal 
 
 of her love to him. 
 
 48 William III. and Mary. Dawpie. 
 The Arab plants 3 Willows, and dances round them 
 
 in a Merry mood, as he is promised a Dawpie, for his 
 dinner. 
 
 49 Anne Cousin. 
 JEuropa is sending a Nanny goat to her Co¥Sin.
 
 n 
 
 50 George I. ") CAc quire. 
 
 George IT. r Eolus ^Choice. 
 
 George III. "^ ^Codes. 
 
 Eolus, obedient to the dictates of Britannia, directed 
 his winds against the hostile fleets of her enemies ; that 
 the subjects of her favourite isles, under the dominions of 
 George I. George II. and George III. should Acquiri 
 Choice Codes, for their protection. 
 
 As Eolus is the last symbol in the first room, it was 
 considered unnecessary to associate George II. and George 
 III. with Lot and Juno ; it may with ease be recollected, 
 that thethree monarchs of the name of George, are with him 
 assimilated ; and that the present monarch is the fifty- 
 second from Egbert. 
 
 Learners are advised to adopt the same plan in com- 
 mitting the chronological associations to memory, as in 
 page 47, in remembering the figures ; to proceed slowly 
 but surely : first, to make themselves perfect with the floor, 
 then the first wall, &c. &c. — By repeating them once a day, 
 for a few days, always looking at the places, they will 
 become so strongly impressed, that they will scarcely 
 €ver forget them. It will be useful when they have re- 
 peated each storj% to connect the Name of the monarch with 
 the Technical ic or d, as it will give a facility in answering to 
 their dates, thus Egbert, Bank; Ethelwo/f, Bamboo, &c. 
 &c.— They may sometimes exercise themselves, by de- 
 termining the 14th, 27th, 36th lScc. sovereigns : which they 
 can do very quickly by thinking of their respective locali- 
 ties and symbols. They can also tell, with sufficient accu- 
 racy, the length of time a king reigned ; by deducting the 
 period that he commenced his reign, from the date of the 

 
 75 
 
 accession of his successor: — thus, if asked. How long did 
 Henry VHI. reign? — the technical word for him is Lisp ; 
 which is quickly resolved into the figures 509, (by prefix- 
 ing the figure 1 is 1509). His successor was Edward VI. 
 the word Lyric attached to him is 1547 — by subtracting 
 15;09 from 15,47 ; the remainder, 38 years ; was nearly the 
 exact length of Henry's reign. 
 
 They can likewise, by a little practice, immediately 
 pronounce who reigned,when a date only is mentioned ; thui 
 they hear, that a memorable circumstance occured in the 
 year 1415,which date is not the commencement of any king's 
 Teign; they know that the figure 1, representing one thou- 
 sand, was not employed in their associations ; they should 
 only direct their attention to the figure which follows it : — in 
 the present instance a 4, the letter representing it is r ; they 
 have now to think of any of those monarchs whose technical 
 •words commence with r : — Henry V. and REQUiEM,will be 
 soon presented to the mind; which word reduced to figures, 
 is 1,413. — To be certain that 1415 was in his reign,let them 
 consider who was his immediate successor — Henry VI. and 
 Rhino the date, was the next assimilation, being 1,422; 
 which proves that it could not be in the reign of Henry 
 VL — the year 1422 being the time he ascended ; and as no 
 monarch reigned between Henry V. and Henry VL it must 
 therefore be in the reign of the former; by deducting 14,13 
 from 14,15 the date sought for ; they perceive that he was 
 then about two years upon the throne ; they cannot fail in 
 recollecting {if they have read the History of England), that 
 it was about that period, the celebrated battle of Agincourt 
 was fought. — Who reigned in 1,396? m is the letter repre- 
 senting 3. The technical words beginning with m, are 
 Music, Monk, Mock, Muff ; it will be seen that it was 
 in the reign of Richard II. the word Mock being 1377.— 
 Muff following it, is 1399, Thus any date of the British
 
 76 
 
 history, from Egbert to the present time ; being presented 
 to the student of this system ; whether an inscription of a 
 church or castle being erected j a batcle fought j &c. they 
 quickly determine the name of the sovereign that then 
 reigned — and if at all acquainted with history, they can, by 
 such means, recollect the important transactions of Europe, 
 at that time ; which in general, was in some degree directly 
 or remotely, interwoven with the British history. 
 
 The ingenious students can apply many passages of 
 the connecting stories, that may be made to bear upon the 
 historical facts j and thus doubly assist them : they can re- 
 mark, that as under Egbert, the greater part of England 
 became consolidated ; it had then the appearance of a firm 
 Bank ; compared with the numerous mole-hills raised by 
 the petty monarchs of districts. 
 
 Mount Ida can represent Britain ; the mhabitants of 
 which were All-freed, by the admirable administration of 
 her sovereign, Alfred j who was anxious to Awaken in 
 their minds a love of liberty. — With William the Con- 
 queror, the Dove might be represented as the messenger 
 from him to Harold demanding the crown, the WilloiCy the 
 emblem of sorrow for his despotism. 
 
 The word Sea, may be impressed with Heniy I. as he 
 lost Prince Henry his son, and the greater part of his nobi- 
 lity, by a storm at Sea. 
 
 Edward V. — Rob me, is sufficiently striking, applying 
 it, to his successor's conduct to him. 
 
 Under Henry VHI. the Reformation began to Lisp. 
 
 James I. was always in Dismay, when he saw a sword 
 drawn (as his historian relates.) 
 
 Charles the First's Denial of the claims of his sub- 
 jects was the cause of his ruin. 
 
 The fallen fortunes of Charles II. in the early parts of
 
 11 
 
 If 
 his life, may be illustrated by the word Droop'; his levity 
 
 by supposing his chariot drawn by Doves. George III. 
 
 having framed a great many excellent Codes, &c. &c. 
 
 The numerous subscribers of the author, who learned 
 the English Chronology by attending his lectures ; by com- 
 mencing then, only from William the Conqueror ; need not 
 disturb the order of their associations, but merely com- 
 mence again with Egbert, and finish with Harold. They 
 who adhere to the present mode, can readily determine the 
 order of any monarch's succession from the conquest ; by 
 deducting 20, (the number of kings that preceded William) 
 from any proposed number. Thus, the 32d king from 
 Egbert, will be the 12th from the conquest. — Richard II. 
 Henry VIII. the 40th from Egbert, is the 20th from Wil- 
 liam, &c. This mode of proceeding from Egbert, he con- 
 ceived to be better than the former, from William ; as he 
 has only occasion to uae his symbols once, whereas by the 
 former arrangement, twenty of them will be employed 
 twice.
 
 78 
 
 CMROJVOJLOGY 
 
 OF 
 
 €f)t MaitiKn ^itq?tKOt^. 
 
 IT may occur to the mind, in the contemplation of the 
 following table and associations i that there will be some 
 clanger of confounding^the English Kings, with the Roman 
 Emperors, as the same symbols are the vehicles era- 
 ployed for recollecting both ; but this the author is satisfied 
 will not be the case, if learners give them a fair trial. If 
 they commit the former well to memory first, they incur 
 no risk. He cannnot answer for their complete success in 
 separating them in their minds; if they proceed directly 
 from the former to the latter, with only an imperfect im- 
 pression of them on their memory j it will answer no good 
 purpose to do so, either with or without this system. But 
 he advises them, if they have rooms enough at their com- 
 mand, to use a distinct apartment, for each series of mo- 
 narchs j their British, Roman, French, and German Rooms, 
 will preserve a sufficient distinction, and prevent the pos- 
 sibility of confounding them. If they know their symbols 
 well, they can transfer them to any room with perfect ease. 
 — The same methods to be adopted in this, (and every 
 similar occasion), as directed in the British chrouology— 
 *' Associations icith symbols and places**'
 
 79 
 
 It may excite a smile, (perhaps of contempt) to ob- 
 serve the far-fetched assimilations that are employed in 
 this work — bat the critic is requested to pause before he 
 condemns : to consider that the materials are few that can 
 be employed: the dates presenting no great variety of 
 words to adapt, and the names of the persons often so dif- 
 ficult to combine, as to defy every effort at successful si- 
 militude: the author has had no leisure to attempt more 
 than he has done — but he has the satisfaction of knowing; 
 that those who have applied the system have found the as- 
 sociations, inditferent as they are, successful. 
 
 Learners can select which of the following tables they 
 chuse to commence with. 
 
 They may have some apprehension, by merely reading 
 theni, that they will be found difficult to impress on their 
 minds, but if they carry into eiTect, the plan laid down 
 in page 68, such opinion will be removed: if they merely 
 committed them to memory by rote, it would appear formi- 
 dable } not so, if the sym^bols are familiar to the mind, and 
 that they gaze at their respective localities in applying 
 them. — Each order of monarchs may be committed to me- 
 mory in one hour, which, by any other mode, would per- 
 haps require six times the length of time. 
 
 TABLE OF THE ROMAN EMPERORS FROM 
 JULIUS CMSAR. 
 
 No. Names. B. C. Symbols. Teclinicitl Words 
 
 1 Julius Caesar 
 
 Battle of Pharsalia 
 Assassinated 
 
 2 Augustus - - - 
 
 Battle of Actium - \^^ ^''' ^^^^
 
 80 
 
 No. Namei. 
 
 3 Tiberius - - - 
 
 4 CaJigula - - - 
 
 5 Claudius - - _ 
 
 6 Nero - - - 
 
 7 Galba (I'eigned 7 months) 
 
 Put to death, Jan. 16,(59. 
 
 8 Otho (reigned 3 months) 
 
 9 Vitellius (8 months) - 
 
 10 *Vespasian 
 
 11 Titus , - - - 
 
 12 Domitian - - - 
 
 13 Nerva . - - 
 
 14 Trajan - - - 
 
 15 Adrian _ - _ 
 
 16 Antoninus Pius 
 
 17 Marcus Aurelius, and ^ 
 Lucius Verus - ) 
 
 The latter reigned 9 years. 
 
 18 Commodus 
 
 19 Pertinax (3 months) 
 
 20 Didius Julianus (2 months) 193 
 
 21 Septimus Severus 
 
 He was opposed by Niger 
 and Albinus, but they were 
 soon overthrown. 
 
 22 Caracalla and Geta - 21 
 
 The latter was killed in 21 
 
 A.D. 
 
 Symbols. Technical Wordi, 
 
 14 
 
 Guy - 
 
 Trek 
 
 37 
 
 Roe - 
 
 Mice 
 
 41 
 
 Leo 
 
 Rat 
 
 54 
 
 Ida - 
 
 Lyre 
 
 68 
 
 Oak - 
 
 Daw 
 
 69 
 
 Ohi - 
 
 Defy. 
 
 69 
 
 Ape 
 
 Deep 
 
 69 
 
 Atys - 
 
 Deaf 
 
 79 
 
 Equity 
 
 Keep 
 
 81 
 
 Autonoe 
 
 Bite 
 
 96 
 
 Time 
 
 Feud 
 
 98 
 
 Equery 
 
 Paw 
 
 117 
 
 Atyla - 
 
 Stake 
 
 138 
 
 Tuova 
 
 Tomb 
 
 1161 
 
 1 
 
 Teuca 
 
 Sedate 
 Foe 
 
 180 
 
 Toby - 
 
 Tubs 
 
 193 
 
 Tupia 
 
 Equipagb 
 
 193 
 
 Eneas 
 
 Equipage 
 
 193 
 
 Natio 
 
 Equipage 
 
 1") f An 
 
 Antique 
 
 TION 
 
 • It wanted only a few day» of theyearTO, when he was made Emperor 
 fa December 69.
 
 81 
 
 No. Names. 
 
 23 Opilius Macrinus 
 
 And his son Diadume- 
 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 '30 
 31 
 
 Dates, Symbols, Technical Words. 
 
 ■217 Hygeia - Notice 
 
 218 Hero - Hautboy 
 
 222 Hyale - Ninny 
 
 235 
 
 
 nius _ - - 
 24 Heliogabalus 
 
 Son of Caracalla 
 35 Alexander Severus 
 
 Cousin to Heliogabalus 
 26 Maximin - - - 
 
 The two Gordians were ( Naiad 
 proclaimed in - - 236j 
 
 But were killed before the 
 death of Maximin. They 
 reigned but 36 days. 
 M. Pupienus and Balbinus 237 Inca - 
 Gordian - - - 238 Hebe - 
 Philip the Arabian - 244 Hope - 
 Decius - - - 249 Egeus - 
 Hostilianus, son of Decius, 
 proclaimed as an associ- 
 ate with Gallus; but he 
 died shortly after, when 
 Gallus took his own son 
 Volusian as a Partner 
 Gallus and Volusian - 
 
 32 Emilianus 
 
 Murdered four months af- 
 ter he was proclaimed. 
 
 33 Valerian, joined with him 
 
 Gallienus - - - 254 
 Gallienus alone - >• 260 
 
 34 Flavius Claudius - 268 Maria 
 
 1 
 
 Homely 
 Named 
 
 Any mice 
 Numb 
 Hurry 
 Harpt 
 
 251 
 
 254 
 
 Muta 
 Eseon 
 
 • Halt 
 - Injure 
 
 I- 
 
 KGama 
 
 t In A JAR 
 
 I Hideous 
 - Endow 
 
 ^
 
 82 
 
 - Nicely 
 
 - Onceadav 
 
 - IXKED 
 
 - New oxe 
 
 Ko. Namei. Dates. Symbols. Technical Words. 
 
 35 Aurelian - - - 270 Milo - Hooks 
 
 After his murder, an in-^ 
 
 terregnum of 8 months. ) 
 
 3a Tacitus - - - 275 Medea 
 
 Died in six months. » 
 
 37 Florianus, proclaimed in 270 Egica 
 
 Reigned two months. 
 
 38 Probus - - - 270 Mab 
 
 39 Marcus Aurelius Carus, ^ 
 
 who joined with him I 
 
 his sons Carinus and >282 Gopice 
 
 Numerianus, being Ce- I 
 
 sars - - - J 
 
 40 Dioclesian - - 284) 
 He took Maximianus as) > Iris - 
 
 his partner in - ) 286) 
 (And afterwards joined T 
 with him Constantius, and j 
 Gallerius in 292= to whom ^ 
 the two former resigned j 
 the empire.) J 
 
 41 Constantius) & Gallerius 
 Chloris ^ Maximianus 
 
 The former died in 300, 
 when his Son Constantine 
 succeeded him. 
 
 42 Constantine proclaimed in 300 "X _ Amused 
 
 Maxentius, sonof Maxi-) _, 
 
 ( 300 }lrama 
 mianus - - ^ '^ 
 
 Licinius - - 308 J - Goesby 
 
 304 Erato - Measure 
 
 1
 
 83 
 
 No. Names. Date*. 
 
 Thus at one time four 
 Emperors reigned. 
 Gallerius, who died -> 311 
 Maxentius,drowned in the ) 
 
 Tiber- - - $312 
 Licinius, died - - 324 
 Constantine survived them, 
 and became sole Emperor. 
 
 43 ConstantineJun.Constans 
 
 and Constantius 
 Constantine, jun. died in 
 Constans, do. 
 When Constantius reign- 
 edalone. 
 
 44 Julian - - , 361 
 
 45 Jovian - - - 353 j 
 
 Died in - - - 364^ 
 
 Symbols. Technical Words' 
 
 
 f Urania 
 
 337 j 
 
 340 \Argo - 
 350 
 
 Zara 
 Ariel 
 
 Imitate 
 
 < Emotion 
 (-Manor 
 
 fMlMlO 
 
 
 Morose 
 
 *-MULES 
 
 Mediatk 
 JMadam 
 'Madeira 
 
 After the death of Jovian, the empire became divided 
 into Eastern and Western, under Valentinian and Valens, 
 
 ASSOCIATIONS, 
 
 1 Julius Cesar ..♦.,... Robe— Roar. 
 
 Ate — There is a Jew going to Seize her Robe, which 
 makes her Roar. 
 
 * For a very short period six Emperors tdgnei*
 
 84 
 
 2 Augustus Mate. 
 
 Ino is in A Gust of rage, flying away from her Mate. 
 
 3 Tiberius Tree. 
 
 Guy is endeavouring to Tie berries on a Tree. 
 
 4 Caligula Mice. 
 
 The Roe is going to Kill a Gull for destroying some 
 
 Mice. 
 
 5 Claudius Rat. 
 
 Leo Clawed us like a Rat. 
 
 6 Nero Lyre. 
 
 On mount Ida Nero is playing the Lyre. 
 
 7 Galba ~ Daw. 
 
 In the Oak there is a Gabbling Daw. 
 
 8 Otho Defy. 
 
 Obi, or rather Three fingered Jack, swore a great 
 
 Oath that he would Defy any person. 
 
 9 Vitellius Deep. 
 
 The Ape is eating his Victuals out of a Dish that is 
 
 yery Deep. 
 
 10 Vespasian Deai. 
 
 Atys bore with Vast patience his misfortune of being 
 
 both dumb and Deaf. 
 
 11 Titus Keep, — or Cup. 
 
 Equity has a very Tight house to Keep her in, — or she 
 
 is eating Tatoes out of a Cup. 
 
 12 Domitian Bite. 
 
 Autonoe seeing Acteon pursued, exclaims. Do my son 
 
 fly, or the Dogs will Bite you. 
 
 13 Nerva Feud. 
 
 Time is straining every Nerve^ to suppress a dangerous 
 
 Fbud.
 
 85 
 
 14 Trajan Paw. 
 
 The Eqiiery is mounted on a Trojan horse, that begins 
 to Paw. 
 
 15 Adrian Stake,— or Steak. 
 
 Atyla is putting an Adder on a Stake, — orhe is eating 
 
 a Steak, and its A dry on\ 
 
 16 Antoninius Pius Tomb. 
 
 Tuova's Tone is Pius, weeping over a Tomb. 
 
 17 Marcus Aurelius Sedate. -i 
 
 Lucius Verus Foe. J 
 
 Teuca will Mark us, Or rail us, if we be not Sedate, 
 
 and Lash us, and Veer us, like a Foe. 
 
 18 Commodus / ........ Tubs. 
 
 Toby keeps his ale in some Conunodious Tubs. 
 
 19 Pertinax .... , Equipage. 
 
 Tupia has a Pretty axe carried before his Equipage. 
 
 20 Didius Julianus ... Equipage. 
 Eneas could not be enticed by Dido's Jewels, nor her 
 
 Equipage. 
 
 21 Septimius Severus Equipage. 
 
 He was opposed by Niger and Albinus. 
 
 Natio will Sip tea with us, but she is as Severe as pos- 
 sible if we touch her Equipage, ttiat is Nigh ajar full of 
 Old beans. 
 
 22 Caracalla and Geta Antique 
 
 The latter was killed the following year. Notion. 
 Noah is endeavouring to Get a. Card rack all An'» 
 
 TiQUE, is his Notion. 
 
 23 Opihus Macrinus ........ Notice. 
 
 He associated with him his son Diadumenius. 
 Hygeia will Peel us some Macaronies to induce us, her 
 
 Diadems to Notice.
 
 86 
 
 24 Heliogabalus ..-- ..-- Hautboy, 
 Hero gabbles as loud as a Hautboy — or Hero will go 
 
 hail us, if we should be in debt for a Hautboy. 
 
 25 Alexander Severus Ninny. 
 
 Hyales Keg of Ale leaks yondery which makes her as 
 
 Severe as a Ninny. 
 
 26 Maximin -.-- Homely. 
 
 The two Gordians were . — . Named. 
 T h^y rr gned only 36 days. 
 
 The Naiad is writing a Maxim in a Homely manner, 
 but she is Too gaudy a one to have it Named. 
 
 27 Pupienus and Balbinus Any mice. 
 
 The Inca has some Puppies, that Babble nigh us, when 
 
 there are Any mice near them. 
 
 28 Gordian Numb. 
 
 Hebe is tying the Gordian knot until her fingers are 
 
 quite Numb. 
 
 29 Philip Hurry, — or Huzza. 
 
 Hope often gives us a Fillip in a Hurry — or she will 
 
 give us a Fillip, if we don't Huzza when she inspires us. 
 
 30 Decius .... --— Harpy. 
 Egous is throwing D«Ae5 at a Harpy. 
 
 31 Hostilianus proclaimed with Gallus; the former 
 died soon after, when the latter took his own son Volusian 
 as a partner Halt. 
 
 Muta is on a Horse stealing on nsy to Gall us, if in an 
 Evolution we should Halt. 
 
 22 Emilianus (murdered in 4 months) Injure. 
 
 Egeon is throwing Mert/o;iw*, to Injure us, — or he 
 swore that Millions could not Injure him. 
 
 "T Valerian, who joined with him his son 
 
 s. In ajar, 
 
 .iiienus alone .—. Hideous.
 
 87 
 
 GAma is putting some Valerian In a jar, to send on 
 board his Gallies that are very Hideous. 
 
 34 FlaviuiS Claudius ... In view — or Endow. 
 
 Maria will Flay us or Claw 21s, if we come In view of 
 her — or if we do not Endow her. 
 
 33 Aurelian Hooks. 
 
 Milo (the Wrestler) would O'er reel one, if he caught 
 him in his Hooks. 
 
 36 Tacitus Nicely. 
 
 Medea is very Tacit to us, as she thinks she appears 
 
 nicely. 
 
 37 Florianus (reigned 2 months) Once a day. 
 Egica puts Floivers on us Once a day. 
 
 38 Probus Inked. 
 
 Mab will Probe us, because we Inked her Gown. 
 
 39 Marcus Aurelius Carus ........ New one. 
 
 Who joined with him Carinus and Numerianus. 
 Gopiae will Mark us. Or rail us, or Scare us, like a 
 
 New ONE, if we have not Care in us they Avill not Hu^ 
 mour any of us. 
 
 40 Dioclesian Unwary. 
 
 He joined with him Maximianus in ..* Unawed. 
 Iris would Die a clashing on the Unwary, her 
 
 Maxims Unawed. 
 
 41 Constantius and Gallerius. Measure. 
 Erato is Constantly in some Galleries, endeavouring to 
 
 Measure them. 
 
 42 Constantine ^ 
 
 and > Amused. 
 
 Maxentius j 
 
 Licinius Gots by. 
 
 Thus at one time there were 4 Emperors.
 
 FATE.-* 
 riON. l 
 lNOR. J 
 
 S8 
 
 / 
 
 Gallerius, who died '.....« Imitate. 
 
 Maxentiiis, who died Emoti 
 
 Licinius, who died Mai 
 
 On the death of the latter, Constantine became sole 
 Emperor. 
 
 Urania is Constant mherendeavours to Make sense to us, 
 of that which Amused her, although she is so Licentious 
 that she Goes by some Galleries every day, to Imitate 
 with peculiar Accents and Emotion, the Licentious airs of 
 the Lord of the Manor. 
 
 43 Constantine, jun. Constans &Constantius Mimic. -^ 
 
 Constantine, jun. died Morose, r 
 
 Constans, ditto Mules. -^ 
 
 When Constantius retained the sovereignty. 
 
 In the ship Argo (Rome) the Three brothers, Constan- 
 tine, Constans, and Constantius, only Mimic the greatness 
 of their father, the two former died like Morose Mules, 
 when Constantius became the owner. 
 
 44. Julian Mediate. 
 
 Zara has a Jewel in her hand, presenting to some 
 courtiers to Mediate with the King to procure her ran- 
 som. 
 
 25 Jovian ....... Madam. 
 
 Died in Madeira. 
 
 Ariel was so Jovial a Madam, that. she died in drink- 
 ing Madeira.
 
 89 
 
 FRENCH KINGS. 
 
 y^^ Names. Dates. Symbols. Technical Words. 
 
 1 Pepin, sirnamed the Little 751 Ate - Colt 
 'i Charlemagne (and Carlo- 
 man, who reigned only {.768 / - »' Coy view. 
 
 I no 
 
 800 
 
 814 
 
 Guy 
 
 Roe 
 
 
 877 ^^^ 
 
 4 years 
 He was proclaimed Em 
 peror of the West 
 
 3 Lewis, sirn''. Le debon 
 
 nairre, or Pious 
 AlsoEmperor of the West. 
 
 4 Charles, sirn*^. Le Chauve) 
 
 or Bald _ - ^ / 
 
 He became Emperor of) 01-. ^ S 
 the West in - ) 
 
 5 Lewis n. sirn'^. LeBegue, 
 
 or Stammerer, King of 
 France only 
 
 6 Lewis HL and Carloman 
 
 The former reigned to 
 The latter do. 
 When Charles le Gros, v. Ida -{ 
 
 Emp^of the West became 
 possessed of all the domi- 
 nions of Charlemagne in 884 
 
 7 Elides, King of France only 888 
 
 8 CharlesHLsir'^. the simple 898 
 
 9 Rodolph - . 923 
 
 10 Lewis IV. sirn*^. Outremer 936 
 
 11 Lothaire - - 9o4 
 
 12 Lewis V. sir*^. Le Faineant 986 
 
 13 Hugh Capet - - 987 
 
 14 Robert L sir"^. the Wise 996 
 
 Ear 
 
 I 
 < 
 
 I Abyss 
 
 I 
 
 Waiter 
 
 879"! 
 
 882 
 
 883 
 
 r Bears ' 
 [.Weakly 
 
 Back 
 
 '' Bake a pie 
 Baboon 
 By a bog 
 
 L Bower 
 Oak - Booby BOY 
 Obi - Buy A pew 
 Ape - Fang- 
 Ati/s - Famed 
 Equitij - Foolery 
 Autonoe If i wed 
 Time - Ufa w r: e jk 
 Eqncry Piped
 
 m 
 
 2io. Name. Dates. 
 
 J.-i *nt'nry I. - - 10,31 
 
 16 Philip I. sii^ L'Amorciix 10,00 
 
 Son of Henry. 
 
 17 Lewis VI, sir''. Lc Gros 1,108 
 
 Son of Philip. 
 IS Lewis VIL sir''. Lc Jeune 1,137 
 Son of Lewis VL 
 
 19 Philip U. sii-'. Augustus 1,180 
 
 Son of Lewis VIL 
 
 20 Lewis VIIL sir^. Le Lyon 1,223 
 
 21 Lewis IX. siin<^. LeSaint 1,226 
 
 22 Philip in. sir'^. Le Harflie 1,270 
 
 23 Philip IV. sirn'^.Le Fair, 
 
 or Le Belle 
 
 24 Lewis X. - - 1,314 
 
 Son of Philip. 
 His son John was proclaim 
 ed as King John I. but he 
 (lied when he was only 3 
 M'eeks old. 
 
 25 Philip V.sim"^.Le Long 1,316 
 
 Brother to Lewis. 
 
 26 Charles IV. s\t'^. Le Fair 1 .321 
 
 Brother to Philip. 
 
 27 Philip VL (of Valois))j^328 
 
 sirnamedtheFortunate) 
 
 28 JohnIL - - 1,351 
 
 Son to Philip — Died in) 
 London. ) 
 
 S9 Charles V. sirn^ the Wise 1,364 
 Son to John. 
 
 Symb(»t>. Ti'ciinical Words 
 
 Atyla - Gate 
 Tuova - Ideas 
 
 Tcuca 
 
 Sob 
 
 Toby - Smoke 
 
 Tupia - Tubs 
 
 Eneas - Hang 
 Natio - Hand 
 Noah - Any cause 
 
 1,285 Hygeia Unable 
 Hero - Guitar 
 
 Hyale - Motive 
 Naiad - Mount 
 
 Inca - Gnaw 
 Hebe - Eaglet 
 
 Hope - Madeira 
 
 » From Henry I. the One thousaud is omittf «l.
 
 91 
 
 1,461 
 1,483 
 
 Henry II. 
 Francis II. 
 Charles IX. 
 Henry III. 
 
 1,515 
 1,547 
 1,559 
 1,560 
 1,574 
 
 ijrreat, loc 
 'nryin-j 
 Jourbon > 
 
 1,610 
 1,643 
 
 Brother to Charles, last^ 
 of the Valois family. S 
 Henry IV. sir*, the Great 15S9 
 *i2d Cousin to Henr 
 and first of the B 
 family. 
 Lewis XIII. 
 Lewis XIV. 
 
 Son of Lewis XIII. 
 Lewis XV. 
 
 Grandson of Lewis XIV. 
 Lewis XVL - 1,771 
 
 Grandson of Lewis XV. 
 
 Put to Death Jan. 21 1 ,793 
 
 Napoleon-ConsulDec. 25, 1,799 
 
 Ditto, for Life, Aug. 6, 1 ,803 
 
 Emperor - Aug. 9, 1,804 
 
 Egeus 
 
 Name. Dates. Symbols. 
 
 CharlesVL sirn*. Beloved 1,380 
 
 Son to Charles V. 
 CharlesVII.sir^.Victoriousl ,422 
 
 Son of Charles VI. 
 Lewis XI. 
 Charles VIII. 
 
 Son of Lewis. 
 Lewis XII. - 
 
 Cousin to Charles. 
 Francis I. - - 
 
 Technical Words. 
 
 - Gibes 
 
 Muta - Rhino 
 
 Egeon 
 Gama 
 
 - Rivet 
 
 - Row ME 
 
 1,498 Maria Repay a boy 
 
 Mlh - 
 Medea 
 Egica 
 Mah . 
 Go J) ice 
 
 Lately 
 Lark 
 Lay ALOOF 
 Elves 
 Lucre 
 
 Tris - Jew pay 
 
 Erato - 
 Urania 
 
 Dates 
 ■ V1RA60 
 
 1,715 Arffo - Acutely 
 
 Zara 
 
 ' Ariel 
 
 Occur ' 
 
 Keep ME 
 Cap a pee 
 Basin 
 Boxer
 
 92 
 
 ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 1 Pepin sirnamod the Little. .... Colt. 
 Ate is Peeping at a LitfJe Colt. 
 
 2 Charlemagne and Carlonian. 
 Carlo;nan, reigned 4 years 
 Charlemagne made Emperor 
 
 Ino threw a Chariot in the Main, and then began a 
 Carrolliiig to a Man in his Ear, as he was taking a 
 Coy view of it, in the Abyss. 
 
 3 Lewis le Debonnaire, or Pious • Waiter. 
 (luy gave a Louis in a Dehonnaire manner to a Pious 
 
 Waiter. 
 
 4 Charles the Bald. Bears. ) 
 
 He became Emperor of the West Weakly.) 
 
 The Roe is quite Bald drawing a Churiot full of 
 Bears, that are very Weakly in the Waist. 
 
 5 Lewis IL sirnamed Le Begue. .... Back. 
 Leo is Too Loose (in the centre of the floor), with a 
 
 Beggar on his Back. 
 
 G Lewis in. and Carloman. - Bakeapie. 
 
 Lewis IIL died Baboon. 
 
 Carloman ditto By a bog. 
 
 When Charles leGros, became Emperor. Bower. 
 
 On Mount Ida Paris gave 3 Louis's to the Care of a 
 
 hio man that he might Bake a pie for a Baboon that 
 
 went By a bog to draw a Chariot full of Grouse to a 
 
 Bower. 
 
 7 Eudes ... ... Booby boy. 
 
 In the Oak there is a Neic]Z>ress hanging up to dry 
 
 for a Booby boy. 
 
 8 Charles llL sirnamed the Simple. Buy a pew. 
 Obi, or rather Three-fingered Jack; had 3 Chariots^
 
 93 
 
 but he was so Simple as to sell them to Buy a pew with 
 the money. 
 
 9 Rodolph. Fang. 
 
 The Ape is taking a Rod off his keeper, Afhich he 
 
 held by his Fang. 
 
 10 Lewis IV. Famed. 
 
 Atys is Loose in a Fort, which is much Famed. 
 
 11 Lothaire. Player. 
 
 Equity has on her head such a Lot of Hair, that she 
 
 looks like a Player. 
 
 12 Lewis V. In wed. 
 
 Autonoe put a Louis on each finger of one hand 
 
 (5 Louis's J saying If i wed any person, I must first 
 bribe him by my wealth. 
 
 13 Hugh Capet Upaweek. 
 
 Time has a Yeic, he says he can Keep it Up a week 
 
 in his hand, without being tired. 
 
 14 Robert I. sirnamed the Wise. Piped. 
 The Equery was attacked by a Robber, but he was so 
 
 Wise, that he Piped aloud until he frightened him away. 
 
 15 Henry 1.* Gate. 
 
 Atyla is putting a Hen upon a Gate. 
 
 16 Philip 1. sirnamed the Amorous. Ideas. 
 Tuova will give you a Fillip, if you have Amorous 
 
 Ideas. 
 
 17 Lewis Vlth sirnamed Le Gros, Sob. 
 Teuca lost 6 Louis's, and like a Goose, she does nothing 
 
 but Sob after them. 
 
 18 Lewis VIIth:J: ..o.... .Smoke. 
 
 * From Henry I. the One thousand is omitted. 
 ^ After the 7th Lewis, the figures marking the order of f^^/r names 
 will be aiade sato words— thus '* BOY Lease'' is the 8th Lewis— the sanafj 
 regulation applies to the Charles's after tb« fourth.
 
 94 
 
 Toby gives a LoUis every day in the week (7 Louis's) 
 to a person to drive awaj' the Smoke from him. 
 
 19 Philip II. Tubs. 
 
 Tupia is pouring Tivo cans oi Flip into some Tubs. 
 
 20 Lewis VIII. sirnamed the Lyon Hang. 
 Eneas is giving a BOY a Louis to Hang up a Lion for 
 
 him. 
 
 21 Lewis IX. sirnamed the Saint Hand. 
 
 Natio gave for a PIE, a Louis to Hand to a Saint. 
 
 22 Philip III. sirnamed leHardie. Any cause. 
 Noah was so Hardy as to give a Fillip to each of his 
 
 sons (3) without Any CAUSE. 
 
 23 Philip IV. sirnamed the Fair. Unable. 
 Hygeia drank 4 cans of Flip at a Fair, which made 
 
 her Unable to walk. 
 
 24 Lewis X. Guitar. 
 
 His son John proclaimed after his death. 
 
 Hero TIES a Loose Guitar round her waist to Jain 
 her lover. 
 
 25 Philip V. sirnamed the Long. Motive. 
 Hyale held 5 Cans of Flip (1 on each finger of her 
 
 hand) without any apparent Motive fordoing so. 
 
 26 Charles IV. sirnamed the Fair. Mount. 
 The Naiad is putting a Chariot in a Fort, to be ready 
 
 to Mount when it is a Fair day. 
 
 27 Philip VI. sirnamed the Fortunate. Gnaw. 
 The Inca was so Fortunate as to take 6 cans of Flip, 
 
 from a bin that some mice were endeavouring to Gnaw 
 through. 
 
 28 John XL Eaglet. 
 
 Hebe is going to Join 2 nests together, in each of 
 
 which there is a young Eaglet,
 
 95 
 
 29 Charles V. Madeira. 
 
 Hope is going to OIL a Chariot, as she intends to load 
 
 it with Madeira. 
 
 30 Charles Vlth. surnamed the Beloved. Gibes. 
 Egeus — the supposed loss of his Beloved Son made him 
 
 DIE Cheerless, as he thought he could not bear the Giees 
 of his people. 
 
 31 Charles A'lltli. Rhino. 
 
 Muta has got some OAK Chairs, that cost a great deal 
 
 of Rhino. 
 
 32 Lewis Xlth. : Rivet. 
 
 Egeon has a QUOIT Loose in his hands, which he is 
 
 going to Rivet. 
 
 33 Charles Vin. Row me. 
 
 Gama (the Navigator) says, *' I should BE Cheerless, If 
 
 I could get nobody to Row me. " 
 
 34 Lewis XIL Repay a boy. 
 
 Maria is giving a TINY Louis to Repay a boy for 
 
 attending her. 
 
 35 Francis I. ........ Lately. 
 
 Milo, Fancies that as a Wrestler he fell off Lately. 
 
 36. Henry IL Lark. 
 
 Medea by her magical power made 2 He?is sing like a 
 
 Lark. 
 
 Francis 11. Lay aloof. 
 
 Egica gave 2 Francs to his attendants to Lay aloof 
 whilst he destroyed Fasilia. 
 
 38 Charles IX. Elvi::;. 
 
 Mab is climbing UP a Chariot to see her Elvi;'-. 
 
 39 Henry Illd. Li tkl. 
 
 GopiiEjhave 3 valuable Hens, that they would iiotpart 
 
 with for any Lucre. 
 
 40 Henry IVth. surnamed the Great. .Jew pav 
 Iris bought Four great Hens (1 she put at each corner
 
 96 
 
 of the Square that she is in) but she made a Jew pay for 
 
 them. 
 
 41 Lewis XIII. - «. Dates* 
 
 Erato her TIME Loses in collecting Dates. 
 
 Lewis XlVth. Virago- 
 
 Urania has got a QUEER Louis, that she got from 
 
 a Virago. 
 
 43 Lewis XV. Acutely. 
 
 In the ship Argo, there is a QUAIL Loo^e, that would 
 
 suffer Acutely if confined. 
 
 44 Lewis XVI. Occur. 
 
 Put to death Keep me. 
 
 Zara TIED a Louis in her cap, fearful of what might 
 
 Occur to her in captivity, she says, I wish to have some- 
 thing to Keep me. 
 
 A3 Napoleon BonapartemadeFirst Consul. Cap-a-pee." 
 
 Do. Consul for life. Basin. 
 
 Do. Emperor. Boxer. 
 
 Ariel has A Pole in her hand, going to take a Bonny 
 part in a fray, for which she is armed Cap-a-pee, with a 
 *'• Basin" for a helmet, like Don Quixotte, the famous 
 Boxer. 
 
 KINGS AND EMPERORS OF GERMANY. 
 
 After Charlemagne and Lewis le Debonnaire were Em- 
 perors of the West, the kingdom of Germany commenced 
 under Lewis I. — Lotharius being then Emperor of the 
 AVest, and Charles le Cbauve King of France.
 
 97 
 
 No. 
 1 
 2 
 
 Kings. 
 
 KINGS. 
 
 Dates. Symbols. Technical Words. 
 
 Ate 
 Ino 
 
 Lewis I. - - - 843 
 
 Lewis n. - - 87(3/ 
 
 Died in - - - 881) 
 
 {Interregnum until the 
 reign of Arnolph) 
 
 Arnolph - - - 888 Guy 
 
 Lewis III. - - 900 Roe 
 
 Broom 
 
 CWaked 
 
 /Abbot 
 
 Bow AWAY 
 
 Foxes 
 
 Leo 
 Ida 
 
 Oak - 
 
 Obi - 
 
 Ape - 
 
 Atys - 
 
 Equity 
 
 Often 
 
 Fe^s 
 
 Pagoda 
 
 Face'm 
 
 Pie BA& 
 
 Hay 
 
 Hair 
 
 EMPERORS, 
 
 3 Conrad [. - - 912 
 
 6 Henr}^ I. sirn"*. Bird-catcher 920 
 
 7 Otho I. sirnamed the Great 936 
 
 8 Otho n. sirn*. the Bloody 973 
 
 9 OthoIII. sirnamed the Red 983 
 
 10 * Henry n.sirn'*. the Lame 100,2 
 
 11 Conrad IJ. sirnamed the) 
 
 Salique - - ^ 1,024^ 
 Burgundy was bequeath-) 
 ed by Rodolph III. to> 
 Conrad in -J 1,032 
 
 12 fHenryULsir^ the Black 10,39 
 
 13 Henry IV. - - 10,56 
 
 14 Henry V. - - 1,106 
 
 15 Lothario, sir*, the Saxon 1,125 
 
 16 Conrad HL - - 1,138 
 
 * From Henry II. downward, the 1 thousand is omitted. 
 + The remainder of the Henrys have the figures that denote the order of 
 their names made into words. 
 
 - 
 
 Gin 
 
 Autonoe 
 
 Gap 
 
 Time - 
 
 Old 
 
 E query - 
 
 Soxk.. 
 
 Atyla - 
 
 Shoal 
 
 Tiiova - 
 
 Tomb
 
 98 
 
 No. 
 
 Emperor?. Dates. S, 
 
 mbols. 
 
 recbnlcal Woftlf 
 
 17 
 
 FrederickjSir'^ Barbarossa 1,152 
 
 Teiica 
 
 . Slain 
 
 18 
 
 Henry VI. sir''. Asper 1,190 
 
 Tobjf 
 
 Tipsy 
 
 19 
 
 Philip - - - 1,198 
 
 Tupia 
 
 - To A PEW 
 
 20 
 
 OtholV. - - 1,208-^ 
 
 - 
 
 (His WAY 
 
 
 Fredei ick 11. joined him in 1,212^ 
 
 Eneas 
 
 <NoTION 
 
 
 And reigned G years - j 
 
 - 
 
 CDiE 
 
 21 
 
 William I. - - 1,250'* 
 
 - 
 
 j-Hails 
 Hill 
 
 
 Reigned until *- 1,255 
 
 . I^atio 
 
 
 After which an interreg-) 
 
 
 Quake 
 
 
 , num of 17 years - ) - ^ 
 
 - 
 
 22 
 
 Rodolph ofHalesburgh,-\ 
 
 
 
 
 first of the House ofC 1,273 
 
 Noah 
 
 - Incog 
 
 
 Aukria - - j 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 ^dolpfiius of Nassau 1,291 
 
 Hygeia 
 
 - Haft 
 
 24 
 
 Albert, - - - 1,298 
 In 1308 — An interreg- 
 num of 1 year. 
 
 Hero 
 
 - In A PEW 
 
 25 
 
 Henry VII. of Luxem-) 
 
 
 
 
 • burgh - - ^1'30£> 
 
 ,i Hyale 
 
 - Gasp 
 
 
 Said to be poisoned by 
 
 
 
 
 Joking the Host. 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 Lewis IV. sirnamed the) 
 
 
 
 
 Bavarian, and Frede-> 1,314 
 
 Naiad 
 
 - Meteor 
 
 
 rick of Austria - 3 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 Charles IV. of LuxemO 
 
 
 
 
 burgh - - 51'347 
 
 Inca 
 
 - Greece 
 
 28 
 
 "Wenceslaus - - 1,378 
 
 Hebe 
 
 - Macaw 
 
 29 
 
 Rupert, Palatine of the) 
 
 
 
 
 Rhine . - $1'400 
 
 Hope 
 
 - Roses 
 
 30 
 
 Tossus(reigned 5 months) 1,410 
 
 Egeus 
 
 - Rats 
 
 31 
 
 Sigismund,King of Hun-) 
 
 
 
 
 gary - - T'"" 
 
 Muta 
 
 - Arts
 
 99 
 
 No. 
 
 F.mpprors. 
 
 Dates. 
 
 Syrabols. T( 
 
 'chnical M''ords, 
 
 32 
 
 Albert IT. of Austria 
 
 1,438 
 
 E^eon , 
 
 Rag boy 
 
 33 
 
 Frederick III. 
 
 1,440 
 
 G ima - 
 
 POARS 
 
 34 
 
 Maximilian I. 
 
 1,493 
 
 Maria - 
 
 Refuge 
 
 35 
 
 Charles V. - 
 
 1,519 
 
 Milo - 
 
 Lat£ up 
 
 36 
 
 Ferdinand I.- 
 
 1,558 
 
 Medea - 
 
 • Elbow 
 
 37 
 
 Maximilian II. 
 
 1,564 
 
 Es^ica - 
 
 Lover 
 
 38 
 
 Rodolpli II. - 
 
 1,576 
 
 Mab - 
 
 Alcove 
 
 39 
 
 Matthias 
 
 1,612 
 
 Go pice - 
 
 Ovation- 
 
 40 
 
 Ferdinand II. 
 
 1,619 
 
 Iris 
 
 Ivy A top 
 
 41 
 
 Ferdinand III. 
 
 1,637 
 
 Erato - 
 
 Do ma'Ce 
 
 42 
 
 Leopold - - - 
 
 1,658 
 
 Urania - 
 
 Df-AL AWAY 
 
 43 
 
 Joseph I. 
 
 1,705 
 
 A rgo - 
 
 Cause ale 
 
 44 
 
 Charles VI. - 
 
 1,711 
 
 Zara - 
 
 Acquit 
 
 45 
 
 Charles VII. 
 
 1,741 
 
 Ariel 7 
 
 Cart 
 
 46 
 
 Francis I. - - 
 
 1,745 
 
 Zaida - 
 
 Creole 
 
 47 
 
 Joseph II. 
 
 1,765 
 
 Yarico - 
 
 Civil 
 
 48 
 
 Leopold 11. 
 
 1,7P0 
 
 Arab - 
 
 Caps 
 
 49 
 
 Francis II. r- 
 
 He took the title of Em 
 peror o/ Austria in 1804. 
 
 1,793 
 
 Luropa • 
 
 • Capon 
 
 ASSOCIATIONS, 
 
 GERMAN KINGS. 
 
 i Lewis I. .... .... Broom. 
 
 Ate gave a Louis for a Broom, to attack people. 
 
 2 Lewis II. .... .... Waked. 
 
 Died in .... .... Abbot. 
 
 Ino bequeathed Ttvo Louis's that she-might be Waked 
 by an Abbot. 
 
 c ^
 
 100 
 
 3 Arnolph Bow aw at. 
 
 Guy took Yarn off -a man, for taking his Bow a way. 
 
 4 Lewis III. FoxE9. 
 
 The Roe was attacked by Three Loose Foxes. 
 
 .5 Conrad I. .... — , Often. 
 
 Leo looks about for his Comrade Often. 
 () Henry L sirnamed Bird Catcher. . — Fens. 
 
 On Mount Ida, there is a Hen that was caught by a 
 Bird Catcher, in some Fens. 
 
 7 Otho L sirnamed the Great Pagoda. 
 
 In the Oak, there is a man who swore a great Oath 
 
 that he would make a Pagoda of it. 
 
 8 Otho II. .--. Face'm. 
 
 Three fingered Jack swore Two Oaths that he would 
 
 attack any person that would Face'm. 
 
 9 Otho III. sirnamed the Red .... Piebag. 
 The Keeper of the Ape swore Tliree Oathsy that he 
 
 would destroy ^him for running away with his Red 
 Piebag, 
 
 10 Henry II. sirnamed the Lame ..— Hay. 
 Atys is putting Tioo lame Hens in some Hay. 
 
 11 Conrad II. sirnamed the Salique — . Hair.) 
 
 Burgundy was bequeathed in Gin.) 
 
 Equity has Tico Comrades that have very Sleek Hair, 
 
 occasioned by drinking Burgundy and Gin. 
 
 12 Henry III. sirnamed the Black Gap. 
 
 Autonoe is putting Three Black Hens in a Gap. 
 
 13 Henry IV. Z.^ Old. 
 
 Time is putting in an AREA, Hens that are very 
 
 04D. 
 
 14 Henry V. Sod. 
 
 The Equery is going to LAY Hens on a Sod.
 
 101 
 
 15 Lothario, si rnamed the Saxon Shoal. 
 
 Atyla is putting a Lvt of hair in some Sacks on a 
 
 Shoal. 
 
 16 Conrad III, .... ... Tomb. 
 
 Tuova is burying bis 3 Comrades in a Tomb. 
 
 17 Frederick, sirnamed Barbarossa ... Slain. 
 Teuca is Afraid a rick of hay will be Barbarously 
 
 thrown upon her, and that she will be Slain. 
 
 18 Henry VI. sirnamed Asper. ... Tipsy 
 Toby is putting on some IVY, Hens with A spear, as 
 
 he is> very Tipsy. 
 
 19 Philip - ... ... To A PEW. 
 
 Tupia is carrying some Flip To a pew. 
 
 20 Otho IV. ... ... His WAY.) 
 
 Frederick II. joined him in ... Notion.^ 
 
 He reigned 6 years ... ••• Die. 
 
 Eneas swore 4 Oaths that His way should not be im- 
 peded, as he was Too free a rake; for his Notion was to 
 Die, rather than be enslaved. 
 
 21 William L .... .« Hail?.) 
 
 Reigned until .... ... Hill.) 
 
 Interregnum ... ... Quake. 
 
 Natio has a Willow in her hand, but it Hails so vio- 
 lently on her as she is climbing a Hill with it, that she 
 begins to Quake with fear. 
 
 22 Rodolph, first of the House of Austria. - Incog. 
 Noah Rodeoffix'om. hib sons in an ^?«^ere manner, de- 
 termined to live Incog the remainder of his days. 
 
 23 Adolphus of Nassau ... ... Haft. 
 
 Hjgeia killed A dolphin with the Haft of A Saw. 
 
 24 Albert ... ... In a pew. 
 
 Hero is putting Leandei's Halbert In a pew.
 
 102 
 
 25 Henry VII. .... .... Gasp. 
 
 Hyale das some COY Hens that Gasp for drhik. 
 
 2(5 Le^vis IV^. and Frederick of A'lstria . Meteor. 
 
 The Naiad gave Four Louis's to prott ct her barn, as 
 she was Afraid a rick of Straw would be burnt by a 
 Met 1- OR. 
 
 27 embarks IV. .... .... Greece. 
 
 The inca has received Four Chariots from Greece. 
 
 28 Wencesl'.us .... .... Maca\t. 
 
 Hebe Minces laws, like a great Macaw. 
 
 29 Rupert .... .... Roses. 
 
 Hope is giving a Roper some Roses. 
 
 30 Tossus .... .... Rats. 
 
 Egeus will Toss us like so many Rats. 
 
 31 SiGiSMUND .... ... Arts. 
 
 Muta, whenever she was at Sieges, moaned for the in- 
 jury done to the fine Arts. 
 
 32 Albert II. .... .... Rag boy. 
 
 Egeon got Two Halberts from a Rag boy. 
 
 33 Frederick III. mi* .... Roars. 
 Gama Fired a rick of hay in Three places, and then 
 
 Roars out for help. 
 
 34 Maximilian I. .... .... Refuge. 
 
 Maria's distress Makes a Million of people anxious to 
 
 give her Refuge. 
 
 35 Charles V. .... .... Late up. 
 
 MiLO is drinking ALE Cheerless, rs he has been very 
 
 Late uf. 
 
 36 P'erdinand I. .... .... Elbow. 
 
 Me d( a says 1 Bird in hand is ** worth two on the'* 
 
 Elbow. 
 
 37 -Maximilian II. ...» .... Lover. 
 Egica had Two Maxims, i7/ suited toaKing or aLovfiR.
 
 103 
 
 38 Rodolph II. .... .... Alcove. 
 
 Mab took Tico Rods off an Alcove. 
 
 39 Matthias ... .... Ovation. 
 
 Gopiae are placed on a Matt high as a throne, in their 
 
 yearly Ovation. 
 
 40 Ferdinand II. .... .... Ivy a top. 
 
 Iris has Tico Birds in hand, which she is going to place 
 
 in some Ivy A TOP of their cag^g— or she is afraid they 
 will Die a top of their cage. 
 
 41 Ferdinand^III. .... .... Do make. 
 
 Erato has Three Birds in hand, that Do make a great 
 
 noise. 
 
 42 Leopold .... Deal away. 
 
 Urania would Lay up old globes, as she did not like to 
 
 give a Deal away. 
 
 43 Joseph I. -w. Cause ale. 
 
 Jason in the Argo to keep his Jaic safe, used to 
 
 Cause ale to be distributed among his sailors. 
 
 44 Charles VI. Acquit. 
 
 Zara is every DA Y C/teer/e^* until her enemies Acquit 
 
 her. 
 
 45 Charles VII. .... Cart. 
 
 Ariel is putting OAK Chairs in a Cart. 
 
 46 Francis I. .... Creole. 
 
 Zaida Fancies her lover above all others, although he 
 
 is blacker than a Creole. 
 
 47 Joseph II. Civil. 
 
 Yarico thought that the best way to keep her Two 
 
 Jaws safe was to be Civil. 
 
 48 Leopold II. ..^. ---- Caps. 
 The Arab intends To Lay up o/c? Caps for his children. 
 
 49 Francis II. Capon. 
 
 Europa gave Two Francs for a Capon.
 
 104 
 
 KINGS OF SCOTLAND. 
 
 Fergus, the first king, began to reign 328 years before 
 Christ. Tlie following order commences from the year 1004. 
 
 Vo. Names. Dates of Ac- Symboli. Technical 
 
 cession. Words* 
 
 l*MalcolmII. - 100,4 Ate - Rye 
 
 The 84th monarch. 
 
 2 Duncan - 10,34 Ino - Mire 
 
 Grandson to Malcolm. 
 
 3 Macbeth, Tyrant - 10,40 Guy - Ears 
 
 Grandson to Malcolm II. 
 
 4 Malcolm Ill.sir^.Canmore 10,57 Roe - Leaky ' 
 
 Son of Duncan. 
 
 5 DonaldVII. sirnamedBane 10,93 Leo - Pig 
 
 Brother of Malcolm. 
 
 6 Duncan II. - 10,94*1 _ CFray 
 
 Natural son to Malcolm III. > Ida 
 
 1 <p 
 
 Donald reinstated, in 10,95 J " t^ooL 
 
 7 Edgar - 10,97 Oak - Pike 
 
 Son of Malcolm III. 
 
 8 Alexander - 1,107 Obi - Saucy 
 
 Brother to Edgar. 
 
 9 David - - 1,124 Ape - Share 
 
 Brother to Edgar. 
 
 10 Malcolm IV. - 1,153 Atys - Asylum 
 
 Grands".to Malcolm III. 
 
 11 William - 1,165 Equity Sadly 
 
 B rother to Malcolm IV. 
 
 12 Alexander II. - 1,214 Autonoe Entry 
 
 Son to William. 
 
 * The One tbouiaod it omitted throughout.
 
 105 
 
 No. 
 
 Ifaraes. 
 
 Dates of Ac- Symbols, 
 
 cession. 
 
 1,249 ^ 
 
 Time - 
 
 cander II. (, 
 
 1,285 J 
 
 13 Alexander III. 
 
 Son to Alexan 
 Reigned to 
 An ijiterregnum of 7 years 
 
 14 John Baliol - 1,292 
 
 Great Grandson of Da- 
 vid I. ^ Equery 
 From the year - 1,301 
 Ap interregiium of5 years 
 
 15 Robert I. - 1,306 Atyla - 
 
 Grandson of David I. 
 
 16 Dav;d IL son to Robert, ) ^ 3^^ ^^^^^ 
 
 and Ed\vard - ) 
 
 17 Robert II. - 1,370 Teuca • 
 
 The first of the Stuarts, 
 nephen^to David. 
 
 18 Robertlll. or John Robert lj390 Tohy - 
 
 Son to Robert. 
 
 19 James I. - 1,423 Tupia - 
 
 Son to Robert. 
 to James II. - 1,437 Eneas 
 
 Son of James I, 
 
 21 James III. - 1,460 Natio 
 
 Son of James II. 
 
 22 James IV. - 1,488 Noah - 
 
 Son of James III. 
 
 23 James V. - 1,513 Hygeia 
 
 Son of James IV. 
 
 24 Mary Stuart - 1,642 Hero - 
 
 Daughter of James V. 
 
 Technical 
 Words. 
 
 ^Harp 
 
 CUnable 
 Key 
 In fuic 
 
 Guest 
 Ale 
 Amused 
 
 Go NAP 
 
 Makes 
 
 GiPSEY 
 
 Ring 
 Remakb 
 Redsea 
 Rabbi 
 Letgo 
 Journey
 
 106 
 
 No. Nampn. 
 
 «5 James VL - 1,567 " 
 
 Son of Mary 
 . He was crowned King^ 
 of Eiif^land, as James> 
 Lin . )1>^3 
 
 His successors were ' 
 Kings of England and 
 Scotland, until the ^ 
 Union, which was I 
 signed July 22 J 1,706 
 
 A.D. Symbols. Technical Wordiw 
 
 r Old oak 
 
 Dismay 
 
 ^ Hyale •< 
 
 ^Coaxed 
 
 ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 1 Malcolm n. ... ... Rte 
 
 Ate is carrying Two pails of Milk home to boil with 
 some Rye. 
 
 2 Duncan ... ..• Mire. 
 Ino is riding on a Donkey through the Mire. 
 
 3 Macbeth. ... ... Ears. 
 
 Guy intends to Make a bath to reach no higher than 
 
 his Ears. 
 
 4 Malcolm HI. sirname Canmore. . . . Leakt. 
 The Roe carried Three Cans of Milk home, but it was 
 
 forced to go back for one Can more^ as one of them was 
 Leaky. 
 
 5 Donalbain. ... ... Pig. 
 
 Leo is eating a DunoldheanyVi\\\c\\ he seized from 
 
 a Pig. 
 
 Q Duncan IL ... ... Fray. 
 
 Donald reinstated, ... ... Fool.
 
 lor 
 
 On Mount Ida there are Two DonJceys in a Fray with 
 each other, as one of them w^ a quarrelsome Dun old 
 Fool. 
 
 7 Edgar. ... ... Pike. 
 
 In the Oak there is a Head garb on the top of a Pike. 
 
 8 Alexander. ... ... Saucy. 
 
 Three-fingered Jack thinks himself to be as great as 
 
 Alexander, wh ich makes him so Saucy. 
 
 9 David. ... ... Share* 
 
 The Ape will neither Divide nor Share his food with 
 
 any one. 
 
 10 Malcolm IV. ..: ... Asylum. 
 Atys orders Four cans of Milk home to his Asylum. 
 
 11 William. ... . ••• Sadly. 
 Equity has One Willoio in her hand, as she is afflicted 
 
 Sadly, 
 
 12 Alexander II. ... ... Entry. 
 
 Autonoe's Tivo kegs of Ale leaks yonder in an Entry. 
 
 13 Alexander III. ... ... Harp. 
 
 Reigned to ... ... Unable.) 
 
 Interregnum. ... ... Key.) 
 
 Time hides Three Old Eggs tinder rHaup, as he is 
 Unable to find a Key to lock them up. 
 
 14 John Baliol. ... ... Infun.^ 
 
 Reigned to ... ... Guest.) 
 
 Interregnun of Years ... ... Ale. 
 
 The Equery is going to Join Bail^ In fun, with a 
 Guest, for some Ale. 
 
 15 Robert. ... ... Amused. 
 
 Atyla was attacked by a Robber, but he Amused him 
 
 until he escaped. 
 
 16 David II. ... ... Go nap. 
 
 Tuova was Too Dcuo/(/ of negligence to Go najp, when 
 
 fee ought to be awake.
 
 JOS 
 
 17 Robert II. first of the StewarU ... Makes. 
 Teuca is attacked by Two Robbers^ but her Steward 
 
 coming to her assistance, fights so bravely, that he Makes 
 them take to fli^fht. 
 
 18 Robert III. ... ... Gipsey. 
 
 Toby is drinking in company with Three Robbers and 
 
 a Gipsey. 
 
 19 James I. ... ... Ring. 
 
 Tupia has beautiful Gems on his Ring. 
 
 20* James II. ... .. Remake. 
 
 Eneas had 2 Gems sent to him, but as he did not like 
 their Shape, he intends to Remake them. 
 
 21 James III. ... ... Red sea. 
 
 Natio has some Gx'^Y Gems that were found in the 
 Redsea. 
 
 24 James IV. .... .... Rabbi. 
 
 Noah is putting in his EAR, Gems that he got from a 
 Rabbi. 
 
 23 James V. .... .... Let go. 
 
 Hygeia is going to OIL Gems of such value, that she 
 
 would not Let GO them out of her own hands. 
 
 24 Mary Stuart. .... Journey. 
 Hero had a Merry Steicard to accompany her when- 
 ever she went a Journey. 
 
 25 James VI. .... Old oak ^ 
 Made King of England .. Dismay. C 
 The Union with England . . Coaxed, j 
 
 Hyale put on some IVY Gems that she found in aa 
 Old oak, as she was in great Dismay, lest they should be 
 Coaxed from her. 
 
 * After James II. the number denoting the or4er of the James'i arc 
 put into words, which words are in large Capitals.
 
 109 
 
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 *i-ir-ij-t^O»CtC»<N<»C'«cr»o*o«Wcococoeoeo
 
 Ill 
 
 ASSOCIATIONS, 
 
 The Lord Lieutenants, from Earl Pembroke to Earl 
 Cornwallis, being within the same century, have the 17. 
 denoting 1700, omitted in the mnemonical words, the word 
 Oak being the character for 7, the 1700 conjoined makes 
 1707. 
 
 1. Thomas Earl Pembroke ... Oak. 
 Ate is putting her Thumbs en a Pembroke table made 
 
 of Oak. 
 
 2. Thomas Lord Wharton. . . . Away. 
 Ino's Thumbs have each a Wart on, which she wishes 
 
 were Away. 
 
 3. James Duke of Ormond . . . Quite. 
 Guy threw some Gems O'eraMound, Quite out of 
 
 sight. 
 
 4. Charles Duke of Shrewsbury .. Tame. 
 The Roe is compelled to jump over Chairs in a 
 
 Shrubbery to make it Tame. 
 
 5. Charles Duke of Bolton. . . . Quake 
 Leo is quite Cheerless, as there is a large Bolton him, 
 
 which makes him Quake. 
 
 6. Charles Duke of Grafton . . . Hut. 
 Mount Ida looks quite Cheerless, as there is not a tree 
 
 to Grafton, nor a Hut to live in. 
 
 7. John Lord Carteret ... Hare. 
 In the Oak John the Carter is eating a Hare. 
 
 8. Lionel Duke of Dorset. ... Meat. 
 Three-fingered Jack made a Lion ill as he a Door set 
 
 on him when he was eating his Meat. 
 
 9. William Duke of Devonshire ,,. Mice, 
 The Ape is Willing to put a Dove on a Chair to catch 
 
 some Mice for him.
 
 119 
 
 10 Philip Earl of Chesterfield ...... Earl. 
 
 Atys drunk some Flip before he Chased ahare in afield, 
 
 belonging to an Earl. 
 
 11 William Earl of Harrington Rake. 
 
 Equity reached some sweet William Siud a Herring doicn 
 
 from her cupboard with a Rake. 
 
 12 Lionel Duke of Dorset Jot. 
 
 Autonoe is Lying ill, and Durst not stir one Jot. 
 
 13 William Marquis of Hartington Lily. 
 
 Time has a Willow m his hand, driving a //ar< z«<ozc», 
 
 which is as white as a Lily. 
 
 14 John Duke of Bedford Lake. 
 
 The Equery is going to Join a plank across a Bad ford 
 
 that ran from a Lake. 
 
 15 Dunk Earl of Halifax Ideot. 
 
 Atyla got Drunky and then went to Haul flax like an 
 
 Ideot. 
 
 16 Hugh Earl of Northumberland Doq. 
 
 Tuova has got a Huge ISiorthumberland Dog. 
 
 17 Lord Viscount Weymouth Veil. 
 
 Teuca has got a Wee mouthy which she covers with her 
 
 Veil. 
 
 18 Francis Earl of Hertford Idle. 
 
 Toby Fancies that he cannot in his Heart afford to be 
 
 otherwise than Idle. 
 
 19 Earl of Bristol .... .... Dad. 
 
 Tupia is giving a Bristly to his Dad. 
 
 20 George Viscount Townsend .... Dace. 
 Eneas is going to Gorge at a feast at the Toictisend, 
 
 off a Dace — or with a Duke. 
 
 21 Simon Earl of Harcourt Oceak. 
 
 Natio is eating Salmon in Her court ; it was caught in 
 
 the Oceak.
 
 113 
 
 22 John Earl of Buckinghamshire Kid. 
 
 Noah is attempting" to Join a Buck a7id a ham on 
 
 table, as he is going to Shear a Kid. 
 
 23 Frederick Earl of Carlisle ...... Base. 
 
 Hygeia is Afraid a rick of hay would on a Car lie ill at 
 
 die Base of it. 
 
 24 William Duke of Portland Wine. 
 
 Hero is not Willing to let Port, land near her house, as 
 
 she hates Wine. 
 
 25 George Earl Temple .,, ... Bone; 
 Hyale expected to Gorge at a Temple, but she got no- 
 thing but a Bone. 
 
 26 Robert Earl of Northington .... Wig. 
 The Naiad was attacked by a Robber, who left No- 
 thing on her but a Wig. 
 
 27 Charles Duke of Rutland Bury. 
 
 The Inca's Chariot stuck fast in a Ru 1 1 the land, al- 
 most deep enough to JiuRY it. 
 
 28 George Marquis of Buckingham .... Week, 
 Hebe can Gorge on a Buck and a ham every day in the 
 
 Week. 
 
 29 John Earl of Westmoreland Weep. 
 
 Hope says that if we Waste more land Xhdia y^e. ought, 
 
 ehe will make us Weep. 
 
 30 Earl of Fitzwiliiam .... .... Fear. 
 
 Egeus, when he lost his son, fell into Fits under a 
 
 Willow, with Fear. 
 
 31 Earl Cambden Pool. 
 
 Muta was Crammed in a Pool. 
 
 32 Marquis Cornwallis ,.:.., Paw. 
 Egeon puts Corn in his wallets, with his Paw. 
 
 33 Earl Hardwicke -^. .... West. 
 
 H
 
 114 
 
 Gamt had muny ^ Hard toeek when he went to the 
 West. 
 
 34 Duke of Bedford .... Abused 
 Maria cannot a Bed afford, as she has been much 
 
 Abused, 
 
 35 Duke of Richmond ---. Bask 
 
 Milo lay on a Rich mound, to Bask in the sun. 
 
 These Associations for the English, Roman, French, 
 German, and Scottish Monarchs, will be sufficient to illus- 
 trate the manner of applying the system to the Chronolo- 
 gical Tables of other countries — as the Author has already 
 remarked that general historical events will be differently 
 arranged; and without using symbols, or grotesque imagery, 
 the students are requested to apply themselves for the pre- 
 sent to these or similar Tables, until the number of this 
 work which is to be applied to History comes out, that they 
 mayjudge whether his arrangement for that branch of study 
 be not better, than the application to it, of the plan adopted 
 in Chronology. 
 
 The following associations for a few metals and other 
 bodies, are given to direct the learners how to proceed in 
 other Tables :— . 
 
 Table shewing the number of Ounces Avoirdupois, in a 
 Cubic Foot of some Metals, and other Bodies, 
 
 [From Nicholson's Tables] 
 Bodies. Ounces. Symbols. Technical Werda 
 
 /Spaniel 
 
 1 Pure Gold cast - - - 19258 Ate- -^ ^^.^^ 
 
 «> Sea Water - - - - 102G Ino - Sea.soned. 
 
 3 Standard Gold cast - - 17486 Ginj - Screwed. 
 
 4 Zinc ------ 7191 Roe - CuxrooT
 
 115 
 
 JCo. Bodies. Ounces. 
 
 5 Bismuth 9823 
 
 6 Pumice Stone - - - Q14 
 
 7 Heart of Oak - - - 1170 
 
 8 Rock Clirystal, from Ma-) 
 
 dagascar - - - - ) 
 
 9 Lime Stones - - - - 1386 
 
 10 Agate 2590 
 
 11 Tallow 942 
 
 IS Green Glass - - - - 2620 
 
 13 Cast Iron 7207 
 
 14 Cork 240 
 
 15 Fnglish Tin hammered 7299 
 
 16 Crude Platina in Grains 15602 
 
 17 Standard Silver in Coin 10391 
 
 18 Ruby 4283 
 
 19 Mercury ----- 13568 
 
 SO Spermaceti - - - - 943 
 
 Symbols. Technical Words. 
 Leo. - Pawing 
 Ida - FfaturE 
 Oak - Stakes 
 
 Ohi - Indulge 
 
 Ape - Somebody 
 Atxfs - Helps 
 Equity Apron^ 
 Autonoe Heavens 
 Time (Choosea 
 
 I KEY. 
 
 Equery Horse 
 Atyla - Chaff 
 Tuova Slavish 
 Teuca- Its impiety 
 Toby - Renew me 
 
 _ ^TOAMILD 
 
 lupia 
 
 Eneas 
 
 BOY 
 
 Forage 
 
 ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 1 Pure Gold cast Spanielaway. 
 
 Ate has some Pure gold, which she cast from her, to 
 frighten a Spaniel away. 
 
 2 Sea Water .^.. Seasoned. 
 
 Ino, when she threw herself into the Sea, the Water 
 
 Season FD her. 
 
 3 Standard Gold cast ..*- Screwed. 
 Guy's Standard is of Gold, which he would have Cast 
 
 «Lt the cow, only it was Screwed down, 
 
 h2
 
 U6 
 
 4 Zinc Cut FOOT. 
 
 The Roe is ready to Sink, as he has a very bad 
 
 Cut foot. 
 
 5 Bismuth Pawing. 
 
 Leo was tied Bi/ his mouth, to keep him from Pawing 
 
 us. 
 
 6 Pumice Stone Feature. 
 
 Mount Ida is covered with Pumice stone, which gave to 
 
 it anew Feature. 
 
 7 Heart of Oak Stakes. 
 
 The Oak had the Heart of it, cut up for Stakes. 
 
 8 Rock Christal from Madagascar .... Indulge. 
 Three fingered Jack is climbing a Rock of Chrystal as 
 
 he is Mad, gasconading that he can Indulge himself with 
 a fine view. 
 
 9 Lime Stones. . .._. Somebody. 
 
 The Ape is throwing Lime stones at Somebody. 
 
 10 Agate ..-, Helps. 
 
 Atys is on A gate, cr}'ing out that nobody Helps his 
 
 father. "^ 
 
 11 Tallow .... Apron. 
 
 Equity has some Talloie in her Apron. 
 
 12 Green glass Heavens. 
 
 Autonoe is looking thro' a Lens made of Green glass, 
 
 at the Heavens, praying for her son. 
 
 13 Cast iron Chuseakey. 
 
 TiMEs's Scythe is made oi Cast iron; and he is going 
 
 to Choose a key of the same metal. 
 
 14 Cork ' House. 
 
 The Equery is riding a Cork Horse. 
 
 15 English tin hammered Chaff. 
 
 Atyla's Spear is made of English tin, which, when he 
 
 hammered it, flew about like Chaff.
 
 iir 
 
 . 16 Crude Platina in Grains * Slavish. 
 
 Tuova is forced to eat Curds off a. plate ingrains, 
 which he considers very Slavish. 
 
 17 Standard Silver in Coin Its impiety. 
 
 1 euca is Standing on some Silver in coin^ although 
 
 Its impiety to do so. 
 
 18 Ruby ........ Renew ME. 
 
 Toby has a Ruhy nose, with drinking ; which he says 
 
 cannot now be altered, unless something should arise to 
 *' Renew me" — or he keeps his R?^5?/ nose in a Yarn BAG.f 
 
 19 Mercury ...... Toamildboy. 
 
 Tupia is giving Mercury To a mild boy. 
 
 20 Spermaceti. 
 
 Eneas in seeing Troy in flames, cried out. Spare my cityy 
 and do not Forage it. 
 
 The SH in the word stAVisH may be here used as 02, without being mis- 
 taken fer thousand, as we cannot suppose that a foot of the metal would 
 weigh 156,000 ounces ; but if any fear should arise from its use, the word 
 Slatbs in, might be introduced, ur many other words. 
 
 + Yarn bag —The y is here used as a vowel ; it cannot be mis- 
 taken for 1 milHo
 
 113 
 
 MULTIPLICATION. 
 
 To arrange a plan for committing the multiplication ta- 
 ble to memory, by any other mode than the usual one, may, 
 by some people, be considered unnecessary, as being already 
 sufficiently easy to acquire, without having recourse to 
 mnenionical aids, but others view it as a most formidable 
 task : many children, and even adults of excellent parts^ 
 iind it extremely difficult to impress on their minds; it 
 cannot be effected but by frequent repetitions, which gcne- 
 lally consumes a considerable portion of time, that might 
 be profitably employed in other studies. This, at an ad., 
 vanced period of iife, by forgetting our juvenile exertions, 
 we may not be so sensi'de of, as the table by habit has be- 
 come so familiar to us, that we deem its early acquisition 
 as being unattended with trouble,yft, in most cases, it is a 
 work of some labour and pains— the auth»r has hadniany ap- 
 plicatioiis made to him for a plan to assist the memory in it ; 
 the folio wingplan, he thinks,wil! he foi nd eas\ .md etfectual. 
 They, whose memories are sufficiently tenacio is without 
 such aids, will, perhaps, reject it. It is only offered r s an 
 assistance to those, who think they stand in need of some 
 helps, difl'erent from the common method.
 
 119 
 
 It will be seen, by reference to the table, that ihli 
 plan consists in making mnemonical words of the several 
 products; which words are made into pictures, to be pla« 
 ced on the walls of an apartment, arranged as they are on 
 the diagrams ; the pictures may be cut out, or larger oneft 
 drawn from them, and actually pinned to the walls, or by 
 gazing on them, and transferring their images to their res* 
 pective localities, become by that means fixed ; — by put- 
 ting them upon the walls, children can very easily recol- 
 lect them all, even before they leave the nursery ; and 
 afterwards by degrees to teach them the letters that repre* 
 sent the figures, the whole table will become familiar. 
 
 To place but one row of pictures on the wall at a 
 lime, and cause the learners to repeat them a few times 
 before the second is put up, will be the best mode; and in 
 the same manner, to act with the remainder ; and to let 
 them be well acquainted with one wall, before they at- 
 tempt the second, &c. 
 
 They must also distinctly mark the order of their fi- 
 gures, that go across each wall, and down the sides ; indeed 
 that ought to be done before the pictures are placed : If 
 the figures were actually put up, they would be found 
 useful.
 
 120 
 
 
 e: 
 
 ^'ffi 
 
 
 44 j 48 
 Aurora Ar?h 
 
 > 
 
 -a 
 
 •^1 
 
 5 
 o 
 
 GO 
 
 c 
 
 ?i o 
 
 30 
 Mouse 
 
 C c 
 
 o "c 
 
 03 
 
 a 
 
 
 0*^ 
 
 o -a 
 
 CO OJ 
 
 5? 
 
 "5 "5 
 
 •rf '- 
 
 X 
 
 ;:; o 
 
 p 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 t>. 
 
 
 5J< 
 
 00 -?^ 
 
 — 
 CO «s 
 
 2 S 
 
 
 
 (M 
 
 CO 
 
 -"t j o 
 
 'O 
 
 
 o 
 
 2 i 
 
 2"^ 
 
 o 
 
 O O 
 CO o 
 
 C 
 
 CO rt 
 
 eo o 
 
 o 
 
 1" 
 
 oe 
 
 •o 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 
 c S 
 eo be 
 
 ■* 
 
 00 *^ 
 
 
 'oS 
 E- 
 
 c S 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 < 
 
 ci .E 
 
 
 00 ~ 
 
 
 (J< 
 
 
 -or- 
 
 02 
 
 C >» 
 
 
 
 
 51 
 
 CO 
 
 •^ 
 
 uO 
 
 'O
 
 121 
 
 
 :>? 
 
 do '^ 
 
 ■s| 
 
 CO ^ 
 C o 
 — X 
 
 ■X, 
 G^ O 
 
 a. 
 
 7» C 
 
 ^^ bt 
 
 144 
 Usurer 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 a; 
 
 
 2?^ 
 
 - 1 
 
 £•5 
 
 
 ~ a; 
 
 v: 
 
 'IS 
 
 O 
 fa 
 
 CD 
 
 o >. 
 
 S| 
 
 
 O X 
 
 50 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 CO & 
 
 
 
 - C/2 
 
 O 
 
 bf. 
 
 CO O 
 
 o 
 
 xpq 
 
 S^ 
 
 0) 
 
 QO 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ g 
 
 OQ 
 
 w g 
 
 "-a 
 
 CO ^ 
 
 cc-2 
 
 00^ 
 
 
 
 
 t> 
 
 '5 
 
 CO > 
 ^^ o 
 
 CO re 
 
 "0 
 
 ^-8 
 
 i- 
 
 
 
 
 '^ 
 
 GO 
 
 ^, 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 _ 
 ^ 
 
 O) 
 
 
 
 
 
 0) 
 
 0, 
 
 CD 
 -X 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 CO -r 
 
 to 
 
 Third Wall. 
 
 
 
 "1 
 
 »:: 
 
 "0 
 
 
 
 
 -^ 
 
 0^ 
 
 00 ^ 
 C^f c 
 
 §3| 
 
 'o rx 
 
 CO 3 
 
 c 
 
 5| 
 
 
 36" 48 
 Mead Rib f 
 
 CO 
 
 01^ 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 CO '!■ 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 G-> 
 
 ^ i 
 
 
 
 0) 
 
 
 
 t^ 
 
 cc 
 
 C) 
 
 C 
 r— 1 
 
 1—' 
 
 r— 1 

 
 122 
 
 These pictures ought to be repeated by the leameri 
 Once a day, for some weeks, looking intently on them, each 
 time ; and tolerably impressed bafore they are are asked to 
 decypher the words; after which the usual cross-examina- 
 tion may take place ; for instance, how much is 3 times 3 ? 
 they immediately think on the row No. 3, fifth place, they 
 see there Quail, which reduced to figures, gives 13 — they 
 ■will soon know on which wall to look for any multiplier, 
 the order of the walls being thus — to begin with any wall of 
 a room they please, and continue to number them from the 
 left-hand to the right ; the two first walls will have the mul- 
 tipliers from 2 to 6, the other two walls from 7 to 12 — If 
 asked how much is 8 times 8, the learners know that the 
 multiplier 8, and the multiplicand 8, is upon the 4th wall; 
 they there see Deer, the consonants of which give the 
 letters G4, the d being Q and the r a 4, and thus with 
 all. 
 
 By repeating them a short time in this way, they will 
 have all the advantages of the common mode, for 8 times 8 
 they will have to repeat is 64, which a little practice will 
 render so familiar, that they will have no occasion to refer 
 to the wall; with this circumstance in their favour, that if 
 they should be uncertain whecher they are correct or 
 DOt, they can at once determine it, by referring to their 
 symbol. 
 
 It will be necessary to separate the pictures; not to 
 put them upon the walls as they are now united in the dia- 
 grams ; but to divide the first wall by the eye into five 
 stripes, and place the symbols at an equal distance from 
 each other ; for it they were put close tog-ether ; it 
 would not be easy for the mind to separate them. The 
 same arrangement to be made on the other three walls ;
 
 I» I*- •»il t 
 
 r
 
 c
 
 125 
 
 pnly that the third and fourth walls hare each six stripes, 
 which difference from the two first, it will be easily seen 
 could not be avoided. 
 
 An objection may be made to this plan, by stating the 
 supposed difficulty of making children acquainted with 
 the letters that represent figures ; but this will be found 
 on trial perfectly e^sy, and will thus render them early ac- 
 quainted "vyith their use, which if they follow the system 
 of mnemonics in its extended sense, wjll be so necessary 
 to be known by them ; if the proper means be employed, 
 a child of tolerable capacity, could commit the whole 
 table to memory in four lessons of half an hour each. 
 
 Although for this table, no system can supersede the 
 necessity of trusting to memory for the recollection of it, 
 yet some assistance may be occasionally derived by learners, 
 in parts of the table, by observing a few partial rules. 
 
 When 5 for instance is the multiplier, a child could 
 be taught, that when the multiplicand is an even num- 
 ber, such as 2, 4, 6, 8, &c. — that to take the half of such 
 number, and join a cipher to it, gives the product — thus 3 
 times 6, is easily ascertained to be 30 — for the half of Q is 
 3, join to it a cipher, it is the sum 3,0 — 5 times 8? the 
 half of 8 is 4— join a cipher, is 40— —When the multipli- 
 cand is an odd number, instead of joining a cipher to the 
 nearest half of such number, join a hve to it— thus 5 times 
 7 — the halt of 7 is 3, and one over — that one is a 5— joining 
 it to the 3, is 35. — 
 
 How much is 5 times 9? — the nearest number to the 
 half of 9 is 4, join to it a 5 — is 43. — When 5 is named as 
 the multiplicand, it can be always shifted as the multi- 
 plier ; for 7 times 5 is the same as 5 times 7.— It is 
 scarcely necessary to point out, that when 10 is the mul- 
 tiplier, that a cipher added to the iiiultiplicaiid, gives
 
 124 
 
 the product, 10 times 6 — by joining an to 6 is 60, 
 &c. &c. 
 
 11 times any number is very simple, by considering it 
 always as a multiplicand ; then whatever the multiplier 
 may be (under 10) to put it down twice : 
 
 9 times 11, by putting down 9 twice, is 99. 
 7 times 11,7 twice put down, is 77. 
 
 When 12 is the multiplier, or multiphcand; the usual 
 manner will be found sufficiently easy, as 6 times 12 is 
 found to be 72; by multiplying the 2 of l2 by 6, it makes 12; 
 putting down 2 and carrying 1, and then multiplying the 1 of 
 19 by 6, and adding the 1 that was carried, to it ; it makes 
 7 ; which put down by the 2, is 72 — or perhaps the fol- 
 lowing mode, may be more simple in the same sum, 
 — by observing what number the multiplier is above 
 5 — such excess to be the multiplier of the 2 of 12, 
 and then adding the first multiplier to the 1 of 12, gives 
 the sum. 
 
 Thus, in the above sum 6 times 12 — the 6 is 1 above 5, 
 once 2 (the 2 of 12) is 2, then adding 6 to the 1 of 12 is 7, 
 joined to the 2 already had, is 72. 
 
 8 times 12 ? — 8 is 3 above 5 — 3 times 2 are 6, the 8 
 added to the 1 of 12 is 9, joined to 6 is 96. 
 
 For 10 times 12 the rule has been already given, by 
 joining an to 12, is 120 — but to do 11 times 12, first mul- 
 tiply the 2 of 12 by the 1 of 11, it makes 2, then add 11 to 
 the 2 of 12, makes 13, prefixed to the first 2 makes 132. 
 
 IS 
 11 
 
 132
 
 125 
 
 12 times 12 in like manner — Twice 2 are 4 ; 12 and 2 are 
 14, joined to 4 is 144. 12 
 
 12 
 
 144 
 
 12 times 14 t — Twice 4 are 8 ; 12 and 4 are 16; joined 
 to 8, is 168. 
 
 Wlien 9 is the multiplier, it can be always made 
 the multiplicand, then >vbatever the multiplier is, reduce it 
 a figure, which note in the mind, belongs to the tens 
 place; then subtract it as originally given, from 10; such 
 remainder will be the unit figure, which joined to the figure 
 in the tens place, gives the product. 
 
 Thus 8 times 9 — take 1 from 8, leaves 7, then take 8 
 from 10, and 2 remains, join it to the 7 is 72. 
 
 7 times 9 ? — Make 7 one less, is 6 — take 7 from 10, 
 and 3 remains ; joined to the 6 is. 63 — here it is obvious 
 that the 9 need not be used in these operations, but merely 
 understood. 
 
 9 times 9?— reduce the multiplier 9 one figure, makes 
 8; take 9 from 10 and 1 remains; joined to the 8 is 81. 
 This plan applies to all figures under 9 (9 inclusive). 
 
 These rules for the figures 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, may be of 
 some little service : for the figures under 5 — 2, 3, 4, there 
 need no rule, as they can be so easily impressed by the 
 common mode, or the mnemonical one. 
 
 For the other figures in the table — 6, 7, and 8, an ex- 
 ercise of memory will be likewise the best. Or for multi- 
 plying them; the plan introduced into the Lancasterian 
 schools may be found useful ; by the fingers of each hand 
 being used to effect that purpose: — thus, if asked how much 
 is 8 times 7 ? — it is resolved (or any sums between 6 and 9) 
 by always considering the number of figures both in the
 
 126 
 
 multiplier and multiplicand that arc above 5; and tticn to 
 pross down tho proper number of fingers on the pahiiS of 
 the hands to represent thos(^ fij^nres, which in numbers are 
 the te>is belonoinc: to the sum ; the other fingers on each 
 hand that are not pressed down, are to be multiplied by 
 each other, which sum belongs to the units , thus 
 the above multiplier 8, is 3 above 5, therefore 3 lingers 
 must be pressed down on the right hand: — the multipli- 
 cand 7, is 2 above 5 ; press down 2 fingers on the palm of 
 the left hand; these 2 fingers added to the 3 fingers of the 
 right hand make 5, equivalent to 50; then, as there are 2 
 fin[;ers up, on the right-hand, and 3 fingers, up,on the left— 
 they must be multiplied by each other, 3 times 2 are G, 
 which added to the 50, is 56, the correct sum. 
 
 This plan, or something resembhng it, is pretty ge. 
 nerally introduced into those seminaries; the same calcu- 
 lations may be etfected, thongh perhaps not so quickly 
 by proceeding in the following manner — subtract the muL 
 tiplier and the multiplicand each from 10 ; let the remain- 
 der of one be multiplied by the other; their product will 
 be the figure belonging to the units place, then subtract 
 from the multiplicand, the remainder that was had from the 
 multiplier ; — this second remauider belongs to the tens 
 place, and being joined with the units figure is the correcf 
 sum. Observe that the greater number must be always 
 made the multiplicand, if not, thvni its remainder from 10 
 must be subtracted from the multiplier. 
 Example. — 8 multiplied by 7 : 
 
 From 10 subtract 8 = 2 
 
 From 10 subtract 7 = 3 
 
 5G 
 
 Mutiplying 2 by 3 = 6 the nnits <'Turc. 
 Subtractings from 8 = 5 the tens figure— joined =5(j.
 
 U7 
 
 Example II. — 8 multiplied by 8 : 
 10—8=2 
 10—8=2 
 
 64 
 
 10 minus S, equals 2, the remainder from the multiplicand, 
 10 minus 8, equals 2 ditto multiplier. 
 
 Multiply one 2 by the other, equals 4, the unit figure. 
 Subtract the lower 2 from the upper 8 leaves 6, the tens* 
 figure. 
 Example III, — 9 times 6 : 
 10—9 = 1 
 10—6=4 - 1x4 = 4 
 
 — 9 — 4=5 join 4 to the 5=54 
 . 54 
 
 To perform the operations in the mind of multiplying 
 figures beyond 12, without having recourse to the usual 
 mode of working them on paper or slate, may be, in some 
 cases, desirable; a few examples are given, in hopes that 
 some general rule may be deduced, to render them still 
 more simple. 
 
 =— In figures between 12 and 20, the multiplier must be 
 added to the right-hand or unit figure of the multiplicand, 
 to which result join a cipher, then multiply the unit of the 
 multiplicand, by the unit figure of the multiplier, and add 
 such product to the sum gained by the first operation; as 
 in this example. 
 
 18 multiplied by 15- — 
 15-^ Add 18 to 5 makes 23, to which join a cipher,=:230 
 18 j^xMuitiply the 5 of 15, by the 8 of 18, equals - - 40 
 
 270 Which added to 230 is , - -, 270
 
 128 
 
 Example II. — 16 multiplied by 14 : 
 1(5 •* M and are 20, join an 0, is 200 
 14 L 4 times () are - • 24 
 
 g'24 J ^ Added are - 224 
 
 Example III 19 times 17 : 
 
 17 I 17 19= oin an = 200 
 
 I 7 / 9 = 63 f 260 = 323 
 
 323 J 
 
 Another mode of multiplying the same or similar 
 figures, is given in these two following examples, which 
 method is less useful than the former one, as it only ex- 
 tends to figures under 90: 
 Example IV. 
 
 "\ Multiply the units by the unit 5 makes 40, put dow 
 - I anO, and carry 4, which added to the units 5 and 8, 
 
 I make 17 ; put down 7, and carry 1 to the 1 of \h 
 
 27oJ is 2, in all 270. 
 
 17 A 7 X 6= 12, put down 2 and carry 4. 
 
 16 14+6+7 = 17 put down 7, and carry 1. 
 
 "I" I 1 + 1=2, joined to 7 and 2 = 272. 
 272-' 
 
 To multiply figures that are between 20 and 100, a 
 little modification, or rather a fuller explanation of the first 
 lule is requisite. 
 
 As in that method; so must the multiplier of any 
 sum above 20, be added to the unit figure of the multipli- 
 cand ; but then the result must be multiplied by the figure 
 which is in the tens place, or left-hand figure of the mul- 
 tiplicand; afterwards proceed as in the first examples ; as 
 28 times 22 will evince.
 
 129 
 
 Example V. 
 
 S8 
 
 92 
 
 616 
 
 og 22 and 8 are 30, which multiplied by the 2 of 22 
 
 ► makes 60, join an is 600; next multiply the two 
 
 units, 8 times 2 are 16, added to 600 is 616. 
 
 Example VI.— Multiply 29 by 24 : 
 
 29124 + 9 = 33 
 24 I 
 
 }■ 33 X 2=66, join a cypher n6S0 
 69q\ 4.:^9-^QQO-09Q* 
 
 Example VII. — Multiply 47 by 43. 
 
 47 "J 43 and 7 are 50, which multiplied by the 4 of 47 
 
 43 I makes 200, join an 0, equals - 2000 
 — — ^ Multiply the unit 7 by 3, is - 21 
 
 2021 I 
 
 —J 2021 
 
 This mode may be better considered by putting letters 
 for figures, 47 represented by z k, and 43 by r m. 
 
 ^ ^^1 R M + K = 50 
 ^^ I 30x z =200 join an = 2000 
 2021 1 K X M + 2000 = 2021 
 
 The rule for these examples d6es not vary in principle 
 from the first rule for figures under 20; for in this, the fi- 
 gure in the tens place of the multiplicand is used ; in that 
 it was unnecessary, for being a 1, to multiply by such num- 
 ber, could not increase it. 
 
 So far this rule can be applied with facility, when the 
 figures in the tens places of the factors are alike ; but when 
 those figures are different, the process is not quite so 
 simple i but a little practice will make it sufficiently easy 
 The rule is, to make the greater number the multiplier, and- 
 add it as before, to the right hand or unit figure of the mul- 
 tiplicand; then multiply such result by the tens figure of 
 
 z
 
 1.30 
 
 the mUiiiplicand ; the next step is to subtract the tens 
 figure of the niulti])li(:an(l, ftoni the tens figure of the multi- 
 plier, then with this remainder multiply the unit figure of 
 the multiplicand; such product, if a single figure, to be 
 added to the last figure of the sum already had; but if 
 such sum has three figures in it, and the product two, then 
 the product will have to be put down in the units and tens 
 places, and added in the common manner; to this last sum 
 an must be joined, after which, multiply the unit of the 
 multiplicand, by the unit figure of the multiplier, and add 
 such product to the former sum ; being the true answer. 
 
 From reading this description it may appear a tedious 
 
 plan, not w' orth the labour of acquiring a knowledge of it, 
 
 but a few efforts will prove the contrary; and that a person 
 
 without the aid of pen or paper, could work a sum much 
 
 quicker than another with such aids. 
 
 Example L— Multiply 24 by 30. 
 
 24") Add 36 to 4 makes 40, multiplied by the 2 of 24 
 
 •"^^ I is 80; as the difference between the 2 of 24 and 
 
 gg^ [the 3 of 36 is 1; it is one 4 of 24, which must be 
 
 , J added to 80, making 84; Next join an 0=840^ 
 
 then multiply the 4 of 24 by the 6 of 36 is 24, added to 
 S40 is 864. 
 
 36 + 4 = 40 
 40x2 = 80 
 The difference between) 1 x 4 + 80 = 84 join an = 840 
 2 and 3 is 1 - > 4x6+840=864 
 
 Example II. —Multiply 32 by 68, 
 32-| Add 68 to 2, equals 70, which multiplied by 3 is 
 68 I 210 ; the difference between the 3 of 32 and the 6 of 
 
 f 68 being 3, is the multiplier of the 2 of 32, making 6, 
 
 2176'' adding it to 210, is 216, to which join an 0, equals
 
 131 
 
 21G0; then multiply tlie unit 2 by S, makes 10, added to 
 2160 equals 2176. 
 
 Example III.— Multiply 38 by 76. 
 38] Add 76 to 8 is 84, multiplied by 3 is 252, the diffe- 
 
 '__ I rence between the 3 of 38 and the 7 of 76 is 4, by 
 
 2888 I which figure multiply the 8 of 38, making 32, added 
 
 J to 252 is 284, join an 0, is 2840, next multiply 8 
 
 by 6 is 48, added to 2840 equals 2888. 
 
 76+8:r84 
 
 84x3 = 252 
 The difference between) 
 
 3 and 7 is 4 - \ 4x 8 + 252=r284joinO = 2840 
 8/6 1-2840 ir 2888 
 A different mode m.ay be adopted, by making the 
 lesser number the multiplier, and proceed as in this Ex- 
 ample : — 
 
 Multiply 42 by 28. 
 
 42 1 Add 28 to 2 is 30, which multiplied by the 2 of 
 
 28 128 is 60, then subtracting the 2 of 28 from the 4 of 
 
 ,,-,^ [42 leaves 2, by which figure multiply 28, making 
 
 ___ 156, which added to 60 is 116, next join an is 1160, 
 
 multiply the units 8 by 2, is 16, plus 1160, equals 1176. 
 
 Those two modes embrace all figures between 12 and 
 100, another arrangement is now submitted, which is in 
 many instances superior. 
 
 Rule. — When the figures in the tens places are alike, 
 and the figures in the units places by being added together, 
 make 10; the figure in the tens place of the multiplicand 
 must be increased 1 ; (which 1 ten is the sum of the units] 
 then multiply them in the usual manner, putting down 
 each product without any other combination. 
 
 Thus to multiply 27 by 23; the multiplicand 27 must 
 be viewed as if it v, ere 37. 
 
 I 2
 
 1.32 
 
 Example I. 
 
 27 considered 37"! 
 
 23 _ . _ 23 j Then say 3 times? are 21, which must 
 
 . yhe put down. — Twice 3 are 0, pre- 
 
 621 - - - (321 I fixed to 21 isG21. 
 
 Example II.— 4() times 44. 
 4G considered as 56 -* 
 44 _ . _ 44 [Gx 4 = 24 which put down. 
 
 \5 A 4=20 prefixed to 24 = 2024. 
 
 2024 - - 2024 J 
 
 When the figures in the units places^ by being added 
 together make more than 10, the excess must be noted ; 
 and after the units have been multiplied, the figure in the 
 tens place of the multiplier, must be multiplied by the ex- 
 cess alluded to, which sum must be added to the tens 
 figure gained by the multiplication of the units, afterwards 
 proceed as in the former example. 
 
 Example I. — Thus 27 times 24 must be viewed as 37 
 times 24. 
 
 27 considered 37 > 
 
 24 - - - 24 
 
 648 - - 648 
 
 4 added to 7 makes 1 1 , which is 1 
 ^ above 10; this figure must be used af- 
 terwards ; for the addition of the units 
 is not necessary to work the sum, be- 
 ing only requisite to ascertain the excess of 10. 
 
 The 7 of 37 must be multiplied by the 4 of 24, making 
 28, the 8 is to be put down as part of the product; next 
 multiply the 2 of 24 by the excess 1, making 2, which is to 
 be added to the 2 of 28, making 4 ; joined to the 8 is 48 ; 
 then multiply the figures in the tens places, 3 by 2 gives 6, 
 joined to 48 is 648.
 
 133 
 
 •g7 multiplied as 37 •) 7 / 4 = 28 put down 8 and carry 2 
 
 ^4 - - - - 24 I ®x l + 2rz4 put down 4 
 
 . f 2x3 = 6 joined to 4, and 8 = 648. 
 
 ^48 - - - 648-' 
 
 To work the sum with the letters that represent the 
 figures, may make it less liable to mistake ; we shall call 
 37, M K, and 24, h r. 
 
 M K-v 
 
 H R I 4 and 7 are 11, being 1 above ten, 
 
 r call such excess Q. iTH 
 
 D Z B 
 J 
 
 r R X K = 28, which call n b 
 
 HX Q + N = 4 call z " 
 
 H X M = 6 call D 
 
 Join D, z, B together, is the sum=648. 
 Example II. — 48 multiplied by 45, — view 48 as 58. 
 
 \ As 5and8arel3, theexcessoftenis3. 
 48 viewed as ^^j^y^x^^^Xy 8 by 5 is 40, put down 0, and 
 
 "] ^V^carry 4, next multiply the 4 of 45 by 
 
 2160 - - 2l60r^^^^ ^^'^^^^ ^j ^9"^^^ l''^! added to the 4 
 
 \that was carried makes 16, put down 
 
 -^6 before the of 40, and carry 1 ; 
 then multiply the 5 of 58 by the 4 of 45 makes 20, added 
 to the 1 that was carried makes 21, which prefixed to the 
 60 already had, is 2160 ; the correct sum of 48 multiplied 
 by 45. 
 
 When the figures in the tens places are not alike, and 
 the unit figures by being added together make 10, act as in 
 this example — 58 times 32.
 
 134 
 
 •^8"! s multiplied by 2 makes 16, put down 6 and cry 
 
 32 I 1, then subtract the 3 of 32 from the 5 of 58, leave* 
 
 ■ic-p I 2, with this figure, multiply the 2 of 32, making 4, 
 
 J which added to the I, that was carried from 16, 
 
 makes 6; which must be put down before the 6, then con- 
 sidering the .5 of 58, as a 6, according to former examples ; 
 multiply it by the 3 of 32 makes 18, put down before 66, 
 gives the product 1856. 
 
 These examples are purely given, in hopes that the 
 faint light which is thrown upon this mode of multiplying 
 figures, may induce some person that has leisure, to devise a 
 more complete method, by making (if possible) one general 
 rule, for such or similar calculations. The same motive 
 induces the writer to give an example or two, of some cases 
 where three figures may be multiplied in the mind. 
 
 Rule. — When the figures in the tens and the units 
 places, are alike in the multiplier and in the multiplicand, 
 and the unit figures, by being added together, make 10 — 
 proceed like the first examples. 
 
 Example — 136 multiplied by 134. 
 136 "1 Add 134 to 6 makes 140; reject the and consider 
 134 I the sum as 14, with which multiply the 13 of 136, 
 
 f first addinsr 14 to the 3 of 13, makes 17; join to 
 18224 ! > » J 
 I it an , equals 170, then the 4 of 14 and the 3 
 
 of 13, being multiplied by each other, gives 12, added to 
 
 170 is 182 — then multiply the unit by the unit 4 gives 
 
 24 — joined to the 182 already had gives the correct sum. 
 
 Example II. — 262 by 268. 
 
 -j 268 + 2=270, reject 0, leaves 27 
 
 ^^'^1 27+6=33 
 
 ^268 V, 33/ 2 = 66, join = 660 
 
 70216 I 6x71-660=702 
 
 ——J 2x8 = 16, joined to 702 = 70216.
 
 135 
 
 Another mode of working similar sums is conformable- 
 to the examples, page 132. 
 
 Multiply 147 by 143. 
 147 Multiply the 7 of 147 by 3, equals 21, which put 
 
 ^^Idown as a part of the product, tlien increasing the 
 
 21021 I'* "^ ^^^^ ^^"^ place of the multiplicand a l, makes 
 
 J 5, (the tens figure of the multiplicand must always 
 
 be increased 1), which multiplied by the 4 of the multi- 
 plier, makes 20, put down and carry 2, then add it to the 
 tens figures of the multiplier and the multiplicand, and 
 then to the figure in the hundreds place of the multipli- 
 cand ; in this instance, say 2 and 4 are 6, and 4 are 10, and 
 1 are 11, put down 1, and carry 1, to the 1 of 143 makes 2, 
 prefix it to the other figures, gives 21021. 
 147 Qr K 1 KX M = 21 
 
 143 Tz M I R made 5 x z =20 calls n s 
 
 I N+K+R + Q=llCallQ' T 
 
 T+Q'rrS call h 
 Join HTS to21z=2102l 
 
 Many other examples of a similar nature might be 
 given, these vrill sufBce to shew the outlines of the pro- 
 minent ones ; but we shall conclude this chapter by another 
 method which although not new, yet as it is not generally 
 known may be of service. 
 
 This mode may appear complicated but a little prac- 
 tice will make it easy. 
 
 The letters that represent the figures mnemonically, 
 will be put under the figures of the multiplier and the mul- 
 tiplicand, and will be so continued throughout the ope- 
 ration. 
 
 21021 
 
 HTSNT 
 
 'J
 
 136 
 
 Example — Multiply 234 by 51* in one line. 
 2 3 4 multij)licand 
 
 H M R 
 
 5 12 multiplier. 
 
 L T N 
 
 •119808 
 
 f X 4=8 put down 8 as part of the product. 
 
 V R ..] 
 
 Sx3 = 6 call D 
 
 N M 
 
 1 X 4+ D = 10 put down and carry 1, call q 
 
 T R ja 
 
 9x2+Q=5 call jr 
 5x4 + J = 25 
 
 X R 
 
 1 X 3 f 25 =28, put down 8 and carry 2, call h* 
 
 T M 
 
 1 x2+H* = 4 call z 
 
 T H 
 
 5x3+z = 19 put down 9 and carry 1, call q' 
 
 X M 
 
 5x2fQ' = ll put down. , 
 
 X N 
 
 Which in words would be as follows : 
 
 Twice 4 are 8, put down 8. 
 
 Twice 3 are 6 aijd (once 4) 4 are 10, put down and 
 carry 1. 
 
 Twice 2 are 4 and 1 are 5, and (5 times 4) 20 are 25, 
 and (3 times I) 3 are 28, put down Sand carry 2. 
 
 Once 2 are 2, and 2 are 4, and (5 times 3) 15, are 19, 
 put flown 9 and cany 1; 5 times 2 are 10, and 1 are 11, 
 whi .h put down. 
 
 'j his method may be extended to any number of
 
 137 
 
 iigures; the plan consists in first multiplying the two 
 figures that are in a straight line, or opposite each other; 
 then in a diagonal line from the first figure of the multiplier 
 to the second figure of the multiplicand, next diagonally 
 from the second figure of the multiplier to the first figure 
 of the multiplicand, and in the same manner through the 
 whole sum. 
 
 Another example is given of multiplying four figures 
 by four figures, which need not be put down algebraically, 
 for the knowledge of the method, by which the former 
 sum was effected, will direct in this. 
 
 4653 
 
 7428 
 
 34562484 
 
 8 times 3 are 24, put down 4 and carry 2. 
 
 8 times 5 are 40 and (2 carried) 2, are 42, and (2 x 3) 6, are 
 
 48 ; put down 8 and carry 4. 
 S times 6 are 48 and (4 carried) 4 are 52, and (4 x 3) 12, are 
 64 and (2x5) lO are 74, put down 4 and carry 7. 
 
 3 times 4 are 32 and (7 carried) 7 are 39, and (7 + 3) 21, are 
 
 60, and (2x6) 12 are 72 and (4x5) 20 are 92 ; put 
 down 2 and carry 9. 
 Twice 4 are 8, and (9 carried) 9 are 17, and (7 x 5) 35 are 
 52, and (4 X 6) 24 are 76, put down 6 and carry 7. 
 
 4 times 4 are 16 and (7 carried) 7 are 23, and (7x6) 42, are 
 
 65, put down 5 and carry 6. 
 7 times 4 are 28, and (6 carried) 6 are 34. 
 
 When there are fewer figures in the multiplier than 
 in the multiplicand, it will be much easier to work the sum, 
 than when they are equal in numbers, as this example will 
 shew.
 
 138 
 
 329902 
 
 Twice 1 are 2, which put down. 
 
 Twice 2 are 4 and (6/1)6 are 10, put down and carry 1: 
 
 Twice 3 areCand (1 carried) 1 are 7, and (6x2) 12 are 19i 
 
 put down 9 and carry 1. 
 Twice 5 are 10, and (1 carried) 1 are 1 1, and (6x3) 18 are 
 
 29, put down 9 and carry 2. 
 6 times 5 are 30 and (2 carried) 2 are 32.
 
 139 
 
 MNEMONICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 This Dictionary is composed of words, the conso- 
 nants of which, represent the respective figures that they 
 are attached to. It will be of considerable service to 
 Mnemonicians ; for any combination of figures that they 
 require words for, by referring to the proper figure or 
 figures, they will see a variety of words, some of which may 
 be more suitable for their subjects than others. If single 
 words cannot be found for some figures, they can be easily 
 compounded of two, or three, or four, &c. but they ought 
 to be so chosen as to form a correct sentence or sentences. 
 As there may be many words in the language that are not 
 in this compilation, blank spaces are left to each series, to 
 be filled up occasionally, as they occur to the minds of those 
 who practise the system. 
 
 No. 1—3. 
 
 1 Ate. eat. oat. out. tie. tea. toy. toe. to. too. it. ait. yet. 
 
 et. at. etia. queue, quay. equi. aqua. etui. ta. te. toi. 
 etau. ote, 
 
 2 Nay. no. noy. nyq. in. on. one. any. an. enyo. anea. yean. 
 
 aon. anio. ione. ionia. yon. hay. he. hie. hoe. aha. 
 hoy. hey. ah. ho. noue. ino. 
 
 3 My. me. may. maia. aim. am. aime. yam. onie. guy. 
 
 go. agio. gay. age. ago. aga. ague. ogee. auga. goa. 
 augea.emoi. emu. mu, mue.
 
 140 
 
 A^o. 4— 13. 
 
 4 Roe. rue. rye. ray. roy. air. aroo. airy, airie. area. ear. 
 
 ora. era. oar. ore. year. your. ire. eyre, aurea. o'er. 
 eyry. yore. aria. oary. oyer. yare. ouora. ara. uria, 
 ere. ooze. oozy. zoe. our. 
 
 5 Leo. lay. lie. loo. lea. ail. eel. ale. oil. oily. olio. aloa. 
 
 ely. yale. aleo. elea. ilia. iole. ali. joy. jay. joe. elu. 
 la. le. 
 
 6 Doe. day. die. due. do. dye. dai. dec. ida. ado. aid. 
 
 ode idea, idyia. odo. eudo. ada. vie. eve. ivy. veia. 
 veii. via. uvee. vue. 
 
 7 Key. oak. yoke. ake. eke. ice. ace. coy. cue. coo. icy. 
 
 coa. cea. cei. oacea. ecu. coe. ici. 
 S Bee. beau. buy. bay. boy. buy. bo. by. baia. be. bea. 
 
 boi. obey. aba. abia. euboa. obi. awe. owe. ibi. awaj-. 
 
 way. we. wee. woo. woe. wye. yew. ewe. 
 9. Pic. pea. po. pay. ope. ape. up. opea. opy. apia. epei. 
 
 auf. fee. foe. fie. oaf. fa. if. of. foy. fy. feu. epee. 
 
 epi. peau. fay. 
 
 10 Teas, tease, ties. toes. tose. tax. teos. tiasa. tis. it is. 
 
 atys. oats. itys. eats. oats, atias. atas. etesia. otus. 
 oetius. aqueous, quis. queasy, toise. 
 
 11 Tate. tut. teat. tot. tit. tete. toot, teuta. titia. titii. 
 
 tutea. otto, quiet, quote, quoit, quit, quota, quite, 
 etite. equity, eatit. ateit. teaout. tieatoy. toit. 
 to tie. to toy. tata. tet. tetu. tique. tota. 
 
 12 Tin. ton. tune. tone. tan. tiny. ten. tun. tony. tine. 
 
 tyne. etna, itonia. tyana. oaten, eaten, atone, aetion. 
 autonoe. atina. oetion. tion. queen, quean, quoin, 
 qum. taon. tenu. 
 
 13 Time. tome. tame. torn. team. teem. tag. tug. tig. 
 league, tige. tegea. timea. atom. item, atomy, outgo, 
 queme, eatme. tic me, tome, to go. toaim, toga, 
 tim.
 
 141 
 
 JVo. 14—21. 
 
 14 Tare. tar. tear, tiara, tier, tauri. tire. tyro. tory. true.- 
 
 try. tree. tiro. tray. tor. tore. tour. tozy. troy, 
 eater, iturea. outer, quire, quiz, queer, query, equery. 
 equiria. etre. taureau. 
 
 15 Tail. tile. tool. tale, teal, toil. teil. tuel. tola, telea. 
 
 otley. otolia. atyla. quail, quoil. equal, aquila. aquilo. 
 aquiliea. toail. tolie. to oil. eatoil. outlie. toloo. 
 ate oil. etoile. tael. utile. 
 
 16 Toad. tide. ted. tid. tidy. tod. tivy. tied. tead. tidea. 
 
 tuova. tyde. outdo, outvie, atyadae. quid, quaid, 
 quod, quadi. to day. todo. to die. to vie. to a day. 
 eatadoe. 
 
 17 Take. tyke. tice. took. tike. tace. teuca. toka. tokay. 
 
 tucia. tooke. etc. ateca. uteca. quake, toyokfe. 
 
 too coy. toake. tie oak. tie a key. to coo. eat ice. 
 
 to a key. tieayoke. tac. 
 IS Taw. tow. tub. tube. tib. toby. tew. two. ateowa. 
 
 otway. qual^. tobe.toawe. to obey, tie a boy. tea boy. 
 
 eataway. ate away, toowe. to buy. to woo. 
 19 Tape. tap. tope. tif. tip. top. tipe. type, toupee, tup. 
 
 tupia. atop, quoif. quip, equip, eat a pie. eat up. 
 
 ate up. to pay. tie up. to fee. to a foe. ate a pie. 
 
 tieafoe. eatapea. equipee. etoupe. taupe, tuf. 
 30 Nose, noose, noise, neis. neese. nias. noious. noisy. 
 
 nox. nas. ceneus. eanes. ensue, onyx, anise, ens. 
 
 uneasy, eunus. unsay, hose, house, hysia. box. hoax. 
 
 has. his. hyas. he is. nous. nos. noix. ones. 
 21 Neat. not. note, net, nut. natio. unite, unit, unity. 
 
 untie, ante. aunt. ant. into. unto, antaea. anyta. eneti. 
 
 hate. huet. hot. hat. heat. hit. hoot hut, no tie. 
 
 no tea. no toy. onaquay. nota. unique.
 
 142 
 
 No. 22—28. 
 
 22 Nine. noun. nun. none. noon. noah. non. noenia. nan* 
 
 neon. nani. inn. annoy, onion, union, anno. anon, 
 anne. enna. ennia. oenon. oenona, oenone. anania. 
 aneion. hone, honey, hen. hyena, ennui. 
 
 23 Name. nim. nag. numa. nemoea. nomcE. nomii. onceum. 
 
 onium. enemy, young, anomy. inge. aenum. eunomia. 
 ham. hem. home. him. hag. hog. huge. haum. hym. 
 hug. hum. hugy. hygeia. hama;. 
 24. Nero. nare. neuri. near. nor. nora. nizy. nerio. nar. 
 inure. CEnyra. hare. here. hire. hair, hiero. her. hero, 
 hoary, hoar. hazy. heir. hear. hour, hyria. horae. 
 haze, hairy, heiy. huer. hera. hora. 
 
 25 Nail. nile. neal. nonl. nuel. nelo. nola. noel. only. 
 
 inly, inlay, enjoy, anil, unoil. hale. hail. hole. haul, 
 heal. holy, hoyle. heel. halo, hyalc. halia. hyela. 
 hyloe. ahala. 
 
 26 Need. naud. nod. nude. nave. navy. ned. needy, nava. 
 
 nide. node, novae, india. unde. end; and. anode, 
 envy, envoy, endue, indue, undue. yond» anda. 
 eneid. hyde, head. huda. hide. hod. hood, heady, 
 heave, hive. hove, heavy, heed. hid. had. hyda. 
 hedui. heyday, ahead, have. 
 
 27 Nook. nice, neice. nicia. niccea. ink. ounce, once. 
 
 inky. inca. unyoke, ancia. hook. haak. huke. 
 in a key. in a yoke, an oak. yon oak. on ice. yon ice. 
 yon key. one key. one yoke, no key. no ice. any ice, 
 an ace. in oak. 
 98 New. nab. nib. now. nob. neb. niobe. nebo. anew, 
 unawe. onoba. enow, unbay. hob. haw. hew. how. 
 howe. hebe. ahab. oneboy. no boy. yonboy. oneway, 
 noway, anyway, any boy.
 
 143 
 
 No. 29—35. 
 
 29 Nap. nip. nape. nef. neif. nepia. napjea. neap, nep.' 
 
 nepe. nope, nopia. neaf. nnpay. enope. anopea, 
 aenopia. hoof. hope. hip. heap. hop. hoop, hyp, 
 hap. houp. nofoe. anyfoe. inapie. in pay. no fee, 
 no pay. 
 
 30 Mouse, niuse. mix. mease, mans. moxa. mysia. mus, 
 
 mise. moose, musas. mosa. amuse, ames, amas, 
 amasia. geese, goose, guise, gas. gaus. egeus. aegis, 
 gegus. augeas. asgas. agis. museau. 
 31. Meat. muta. mite. mote. moat. mute. mat. met. 
 meet, mutia. moiety, moot, mate. mete. amit. 
 amity, amata. emit, omit; get. got. goat, gout, 
 gouty, gait. gut. gate, gaiety, gat. geat. geta. agait. 
 * agate. 
 
 32 Man. main. mean. mien. moon. moan. mine. mane, 
 mania, men. mona. mien, money, mooney. moine. 
 amain, omen, yeoman, amen, yeomen, gun. gain, 
 gone. gin. genio. guinea, genii, genoa. agony, agon ia. 
 again, igeni. eugene. aegina, egeon. 
 
 33 Maim. mam. mum. mama. mag. mug. magi. mage. 
 
 mome. mime, image, omega, emma. game, gum, 
 gyge. gem. gama. gam. gig. guage. gag. gog. gouge, 
 gage. gim. gome. egg. ogygia. agog, segium. agag. 
 
 34 Mayor, mar. moor, mare, more. mire. miiy. mary, 
 
 maria. meer. maze, maize, maro. mere, mazy, moory. 
 amor, amaze, amour, emery, omar, gaze. gaza. 
 gear.^ gore. grey. gory, gauze, gare. gray. goer, 
 agree, augur, agra. eager, auger, agaze, augury, 
 egeria. agir. 
 
 35 Maul, moleia, male. mile, mela, moil. mule. mail, 
 mole, mealy, mayle. moly. mile, melo. molo. meli«.
 
 144 
 
 No. 3G— 41. 
 emily. aemilia. aumail. gaul. gela. guile. gelo« goal/ 
 gaol. glue. gale, gaily, glee, gluey, gala, aglaia. 
 agile, eagle, oglio. ugly. OEgila. 
 
 36 Maid. mad. made. mode. mode. mud. moad. meed. 
 
 mead. mid. may day. medea. modia. move, moody, 
 macvia. amid, aimed, amove, good. gad. goad, guide, 
 god. goody, give. gave, gaudy, govea. goud. gove. 
 agued. agave. 
 
 37 Mice. mace. make. meek. meak. moky. mucia. macae. 
 
 micea. moecia. amice, geek, gauky. egica. my key. 
 my oak. my ace. my ice. i'mcoy. my yoke, mayake. 
 my ake. may yoke, my c»e. Igocoy. may I yoke, 
 I may yoke, agace. maco. 
 
 38 Maw. mew. mow. mob. mab. imbue, embay, umbo. 
 
 ombi. gibe. gob. gib. gab. gybe. gobo. gabii. 
 my beau, may bee. my boy. my ewe. my bee. may we. 
 my way. my woe. may woo. maybe, goby, gobuy, 
 go away. 
 
 39 Map. mope. mop. imp. gape. gap. gopiae. gif. agape. 
 
 my ape. my pay. my foe. my fee. may fee. aim up. 
 am up. go pay. go fee. age of. guep. 
 
 40 Rose. rosy. rise. rosa. raise, rouse, rase, arose, arise. 
 
 erus. aries. iris, erase, oreas. airs, arius. oars. ears, 
 ours, yours, years, ruse, erixa. eros. areas, aoris. 
 zeos. aris. arouse. 
 
 41 Rate. rat. riot. rote. root. rot. rite. roul. route, ratio. 
 
 reate. reit. rooty, art. aorta, erato. areta. erotia. 
 euiyte. euryteoe. oretoc. uzita. urota. 
 
 42 Rain. reyn. ruin, rouen. run. ran. rainy, rein. roan, 
 royne. rhea. rhoeo. arena, iron. urn. arian. irony, 
 orion. arioa. earn, urania. eurione. yarn, j^earn. 
 yern, arne. aurinia. ireue. ornea. aaron. zany. zeno. 
 zone. zona, ozania. orin.
 
 145 
 
 No. 43—50. 
 
 43 Rome. room. roam. ram. rnivurean). rim. rac^e. rug. rag. 
 rig. rouge, rogue, roomy, remi. rugii. rimy. arm. army, 
 argo. urge, aurum. yarum. arge. argea. argi. argia. 
 arima. armi* aroma, ergo, argue, zygia. orge. orme. 
 orage. orgue. oruioie. 
 
 44 Roar. rear. rare, roary. raze. err. azure, arraj'. 
 aurora, airer. urry. yarr. arar. arria. zara. your ear. 
 our oar. our roe. our year, aerer. zero. 
 
 45 Real, relay, royal, rely. rule. reel. rail. rial. earl. 
 early, oral, eerial. euryale. ariel. aurelia. yarely. 
 yearly, zeal. zela. ozoloe. 
 
 46 Red. rod. ride. rode. rid. rude. rood. road. reed, 
 read, ready, rove. rovy. redi. rave, reave, reedy, 
 rede. reve. reeve, rive, rudiae. arid, erode, eared, 
 ord 3'ard. ardea. aired, zaida. 
 
 4.7 Rake. rooK. rice. race. racy. reek, reeky, rooky, 
 ark. arc. j-ork. erke. irk. oik. yerk. aricia. 
 yourkej^ our key. earake. our oak. your oak. o'er ice. 
 you're coy. 
 
 48 Rowe. row. raw. rib. rob. robe. rub. ruby. rubi. 
 rabi. roby. arab. orb, arabia. oreb. ireby. ereboea. 
 eurybia. orobia. orbio. our boy. your boy. airy bay. 
 our way. you're away, ourewp. your way. our buoy. 
 
 49 Rope. rape, rupee, ripe. reap. rip. reef. rife. ropy, 
 roof. lap. repay, roof}^ rapee. rufoe, europa. europe. 
 erope. arpi. your foe. your fee. your pay. your pie* 
 our foe. our Fee. our pie. our pay. you'rup. our pea. 
 
 50 Lies. lose, lease, loose, lea.^y. lees, louis. lux. lais, 
 
 laus. leos. aloes, alias, also. alas, ilias. else, aloeus. 
 alos. ajax. ilius. ilix. ilus. alesia. elos. elis. alese. 
 aleus. aeolus. alnx. alus. alexia. lolas. joyous, joys, 
 j<jys. jus. lieux. les. 
 
 K
 
 146 
 
 No. 51—57. 
 
 51 Lute. late. lot. lit. laity, leet. lout. lota, lytea. 
 
 elate, elute. eyelet, alotia. alate. alt. elatea. elatia. 
 elotoe. elyot. jet. jot* jut, ail it. oil it. lay it. 
 lay out. lie out, lay too. lay at. lait. laique. joute. 
 laque. 
 
 52 Lean. line. loon. lone. lion. lane. lain. leon. loan. 
 
 lin luna. lune. leno?. loena. leona. alone, ilion. 
 alien, eleon. alain. ilione. eluina. olen. auln. alani. 
 juno. June. jane. join, laine. 
 
 53 Lama. lame. lime. loam. loom, lomia. loamy, league. 
 
 ligea. lagea. lig. limy. lug. lag. lamia, legio. limoea. 
 lamy. log. lugo. leg. alum. elm. elegy, eulogy, alogy. 
 almo. jug, jog. jug}-, jig. jam. jumeau. lege. 
 
 54 Lear. liar. lore. lure. lyre, layer, laura. lazy. leer. 
 
 lair. leri. loir. laur. lere. lara. leria. lero. eliza. 
 iluro. jury. jar. jeer. jera. jura, lay o'er, lie o'er, 
 jouir. leur. 
 
 55 Lily, loyal, lelia. lilcea. lely. loyola. all. allay, alley. 
 
 alloy, ally. ell. yell, alloo. alia. ill. alio, aello. alala. 
 allia. alalia, aliloei. July. jail, julia. julii. joly. jole. 
 joul. jael. elle. 
 
 56 Lady. lad. load. lead. lid. laid. lide. lave. love, leave. 
 
 live. levy, levee, ledea. leda. laud. led. lydia. lade, 
 livy. leavy. lieve. loud. lud. livia. levia. aloud, olivia; 
 yield, old. alive, olive, eld. elide, eyelid, ailed, oiled, 
 elude, olid, iliad. auludae. jade. jove. judea. juda. 
 jude. eleve. leve. 
 
 57 Like. luke. look. lake. lace. leak, leek, leaky, lac, 
 
 lucie. luce. lucy. lyke. laco. lyco. leuce. yolk, 
 alyca. elk, eliaca. alike, aulic, alice, joke, juice, juicy, 
 juke. ilk.
 
 147 
 
 No. 58—64. 
 
 58 Law. low. looby, lee boo. lob. lieu. lobe. lowe. lahe. 
 
 libo. lybia. alibi, alb. alyba, ilba. olba. olbia. alwy. 
 juba. job. jew. jaw. layby. Ia3^away. aleboy. leeway.- 
 ajob. oil away, labie. 
 
 59 Leap. lip. lop lap. leaf, leafy, life. loaf. lupa. leef. 
 
 lief. loof. loop. lope, aloof, elope, elf. yelp, alifoe. 
 Riope. ilipa. ulpia. ulf. olpcs. eel pie. lay up. lie up, 
 juif jupe. 
 
 60 Daisy, dose. dosy. doxy, dues, days, dasea. dis. 
 
 douse, does. dies. dasc. deiois. dousa. edesa. odious, 
 eudes. eades. ides. Idceus. eudoxia. idas. vex. vase, 
 ives. eaves, uveaus. evas. evax. evius. ados. 
 
 61 Date. diet. doit. dote. duet. duty, deity, dot. doat. 
 
 dit. doto. dati. audit, idiot, adit. vote. vat. vouet. 
 vitia. dayyet. dueyet. doyet. dieyet. dye it. doit, 
 aidit. doeat. dotie. edit. data, eveque. adyte. 
 
 62 Dean. deny, deione. din. dine. dun. done, den, dan. 
 
 daunia. denay. dion. dainy. dane. dan. diana. dione. 
 danae. adonia. odin. odon. eden. vine. vain. van. 
 vein, veiny, vane, veney. avon. even. oven, avenue. 
 evan. 
 
 63 Dame. deem. doom. dome. dim. dug. dig. dog. dam. 
 
 demi. doge. dum. damia. damo. demo, dymoe. iduma. 
 idiom, odium, adam. adage, adagio, edge, oedima. 
 vague, voyage, vogue, vaga. 
 
 64 Dray. dear, deer, dyer, dairy, dare. door, daria, 
 deary, doze. dozy, diary, dire. dry. doria. dere. daze, 
 dier. doer. dire, dairo. adore, aider, odour, adry. 
 adure. adze. veiy. vary. veer, varia. over. ever, 
 every, ivory, aver, aviary, avize. ovary.
 
 148 
 
 Ko. 05—72. 
 65 Daily, dale. dole, d^-ai. delay, dial. duel. duly. dual. 
 
 dclia. daly. edile. idle. idol. idyl, ideal, idly, idalia, 
 
 vial. viol. vile. vale. veil. veal, value, vole, velia. 
 
 vail. vole. vala. evil. oval, avail, avale. avel. 
 (56 Deed. dad. did. dead. died. dive. dove. dido. dade. 
 
 odd. add. eddy, addua. void. vade. vive. vied. vida. 
 
 ovid. evade, avoid, ivy'd, I do aid. due a day. I do vie'. 
 
 I'd die. vide. 
 
 67 Dace. dice, dacia. decoy, decay, dike, duce deuce. 
 
 duke. daci. daca. docia- idiocy, educe, educa. eudocia. 
 voice, vice. vie. Idoake. do yoke, voici. 
 
 68 Daub. dab. daw. dew. dewy. dub. dauby, debce. edwy. 
 
 vow. view. avow, avowee, adiei.boy. doaway. dieaway. 
 do obey, aid a boy. 1 do owe. a day away. 
 
 69 Deep. deaf. dupe. defy, deify, deiopea. defoe. dip. 
 
 edify, doe pie. do pay. aidafoe. day of. idea of. eveof. 
 aid of. die of. vif. 
 
 70 Case, cease, coax. cosa. cos. cosy, cause, cox. ceuse, 
 
 coesia. csesa. caius. caus. ceos ceus, cios. cius. 
 coos. coes. cceus. acos. cusa. coisi. coxo. acuse. 
 aces. ices, oeacus. icos. acis. icius. acesea. keys, 
 oaks. 
 
 71 Coat. cat. city, cite. coot. cut. cot. cato. cit. cote. 
 
 coit. catia. cetii. ceto. cyta. acute, act. acuate. 
 acute, acta, actoe. acte. actia octa. kit. kite. 
 ac6t^, 
 
 72 Cane, canoe, con. cone. coin. cany. cony. can. cynia. 
 
 cyno. cion. cooin. cana, canae, chea, cain. cyaneoe. 
 coene. iceni. icon. ache. echo. each, ocean, ouch, 
 achoea, achoei. ocha. acuna, kin. keen, kine, knee, 
 ken. oaken, akin.
 
 149 
 
 A^o. 73— 81. 
 
 73 Come. came. cop;, cage. coom. cag. coma. cymo. 
 
 como. cuma. c^-ma. acme. keg. kam. key age. oakum, 
 yokeme. a key may. oak me. ecume. 
 
 74 Care. car. cure. core. cry. cur. cozy. cere. cize. 
 
 curia, carya. carce. coria. caria. eyre, cerii. curio, 
 cora. cary. coz. acre, ecurie. acra. acaria. acra, 
 icaria. ocyroe. oker. okery. ac6r6. 
 
 75 Coal. caul. cool, coaly, clay. cloy. keel. cale. caul. 
 
 ceil. cole, coyly, clio. coelia. (eleia. cela. cilo. cleo. 
 clue, coela. colo. acilia. aculeo. ocalea. keil. kali, 
 kale, oakley. 
 
 76 Cadi, cud.-^ cave. cove, covey, code. cade. cod. cavii. 
 
 caudi. cooed, cued. cede. acid. iced. kid. kyd. kayed. 
 aked. 
 
 77 Cake, cooke. cocoa, cauk. coke, cook, coeca. cayci. 
 
 acacia, yuck. acca. accia. acco. accua. oak yoke, 
 icy oak. 
 
 78 Cow. caw. cube. Cuba. ceba. cub. cob. cab. kaw. akeba. 
 
 kibe, keowa. coy boy. icy bay. oak buoy, icy way. 
 ice away. 
 
 79 Cap. cape. coif. coop. copy. cup. cope, coupee. cauf. 
 
 cop. copia. capio. cepio. capua. keep, yokeup* 
 coy foe. coy ape. 
 
 80 Base. bays. boys. baso. bias. busJ^ box. bous. bousy. 
 
 boeas. busa. busoe. besa. abuse, abase, obese, obeys, 
 abas, abasa. eubius. ibis. wise. wax. wex. was. wis. 
 abois. 
 SI Beat. bet. boat. bait. bit. bite. boot, booty, beauty, 
 bat. bout. but. bata. batia. bato. beotea. buta. buteo. 
 butoa. abate, about, abet, abut. obit, oubat. ubiety, 
 obeatce. eubote. wit. wet. weet. Avite. wot. await, 
 abaque. aboute. bete, beta,
 
 /// 
 
 150 
 
 No. 82—88. 
 S2 Bean. bin. bun. been, bone, boney. boon, bohea. ban. 
 
 bona. bane. bion. bunea. ebony, ebon. eben. abeona. 
 
 abana. abiliii. wine. wen. won. wean. wii}"^. who. 
 
 win. wain. wan. wane. ween, wliey. winy. own. 
 
 yawn, yewen. owen. owhyoe. 
 83 Beam. bag. big. bog. bug. beamy, bam. boom. wig. 
 
 wag. wage. wem. awme. byme. ahoy may. oweme. 
 
 awe me. boy go. obey me. buy me. we may. begay. 
 
 by age. we go. obey age. aw ay I go. we aim. begue. 
 S4 Bear. bare. beer. bar. boar. bore. bray, bureau, bury. 
 
 buz. baize, bier, boree. beza. boor, buyer, baraei. 
 
 beroea. beroe. bizia. bura. byzia. boyer. oberia. ebora. 
 
 aubre. iberia. war}', wire. wiry. wore. wry. war. ware. 
 
 wear, weary, were. wair. wooer, aware, ewer, awry, 
 
 owre. 
 So Bail. bale, belay, beal. boil, boileau. bailey, belief 
 
 bile. blay. blue. bole. baal. bala. bleau. bauli, bola. 
 
 boyle. able, aebalia. abul. abel. obele. abyla. abila. 
 
 eubule. wile, weal, wnil. wily. wale, way lay. weel: 
 
 wool. awl. owl. yawl. 
 8G Bid. bode. bad. bead. body. bud. bed. bevy. bade. 
 
 bede. bide. beda. bevee. bond, badea, budii. ebudie. 
 
 abide, abode, above, weed, weedy, wood. wed. wad. 
 
 wade. wide. wave, weave, weavy. wove. wive. 
 
 woad, woody, awed. 
 87 Book. bake. beak. bice, boyce. weak. week. wake. wic. 
 
 awake, awoke, awk. buy oak. be coy. buy a key. 
 
 by a key. by oak. by a yoke, buy ice. by ice. 
 $8 Babe. baby, booby, baubee. bib. bob. bow, beeb. 
 
 bebia. boebe. bab. abbey, ebb. abb. web woba. 
 
 away boy. we obey, buyaewe. byway, buy away. 
 
 boy obey, we buy. owe a boy. aweeboy.
 
 151 
 
 No. 8.0—95. 
 
 89 Beef. buf. hoop. bulb. ibif. weep. wife. wipe, waif, 
 
 woof, buoy up. buy up. buy a pie. we pay. be up. 
 way up. a boy up. 
 
 90 Pas. pays, pease. po?.y. poesy, pose, poise, pious. 
 
 pius. pix. pisoe. pax. pisa. apex, epais. apis, 
 epeus. iapis. iapyx. ipsea. opis. ops. opus. fox. fix. 
 fusee, fuse, fease. foix. fosi. fusia. poix. pus, 
 puis. 
 
 91 Pout. poet. pat. pity. pet. piety, pate, pique, peat. 
 
 pot. pit. put. pityrea. petau. opiate, opaque, apt. 
 foot. feet, afoot, fit, fiat. fate. fat. feaque. fatua. eft. 
 oft. 
 
 92 Pan. puny. pine. pin. pim. pen. piano, pony. pain. 
 
 peon}', pcpan. pion. pionia. pineau, epione. upon, 
 apion. open, oupbe. eplia. opine, aphoea. apina. epona. 
 fain, fein, Ian. fen. fine. fane. fin. fob. foin. fon. fauna, 
 fauni. faune. epine. 
 
 93 Pig. pug. peg. pome. page. pag. pagi. opium. 
 
 apama. apame- apamia. epium. fame. fome. fume. 
 
 fumy. fig. fog. fig., fag. foamy, fugue, fama. fuge. 
 
 paume. peage. piege. 
 94. Pure. pier. peer. pry. pair. pear. pore. prie. pare. 
 
 poor, payer, pour. poze. pory. pray. prey. pyre. 
 
 pieria. pyra. perose. pro. pero. apeary. opera, aporia. 
 
 fury, furii. furia. four. fore, fairy, fair. fare. fear. 
 
 fire, fiery, far. fur. free. fray. fir. for. fro. fry. furiae. 
 
 afer. afore, afar, afer. 
 95 Paoli. peal. peel. pole, pile pool. pylo. pnil. pale. 
 
 play. plea. ply. paula. pauli. paly. poly, pocle. paul, 
 
 apalia. opal, uplay. apula. apuleia. fail. file. foal. 
 
 foul, fool. fiee. flay, flue. foil. ffy. flee. fuel. feel. 
 
 folio.
 
 152 
 
 No. 96—99. 
 Q6 Pad. paid. pled. pod. padrri. padua. pedo. pave, 
 lapydia. epode. fido. fade. food. feud. feed. fed. fid. 
 foody, paveo. five, payday, afeedue. afoedue. ifldo. 
 if I die. ofaday. ildue. pavo, pavie. 
 
 97 Peace, peek, piece, pike. poke. pace. pica. epic. 
 
 apace, apiece, opici. apeak, face. fico. foci, of oak. 
 of ice. of a key. ofayoke. if ice. if oak. ifayoke. ifakey. 
 ifcoy. epico. ponce. 
 
 98 Pew. paw. fabia. fowey, fowa. few. fob. fib. fub. fabii. 
 
 pie boy. feeaboy. pay a boy. pay away, pie away, 
 iflobey. if I buy. iflbe. ofaboy. ifaway. iflowe. 
 ifwe. ofwoe. iflwoo. upabay. 
 
 99 Peep. papa. pope. pipe. pop. p^p. pap. pup. appui. 
 poop, epopee, appay. appie eppia. papia. pupia. fop. 
 feif fife. fap. foupe. off. ofia. offy. if i pay. ofapie. 
 ofafee. ifafoe. pay up. of a foe. of pay. afeepay. 
 afoepay. pepie. pipee. poupee. poupe. 
 
 EH MAT A. 
 
 Page 24--'In the diagram of the ceiling, let the figures 40 and 20 change 
 places. 
 2i'— For Angular, in the I5th line, real — crossed by the diagonal 
 
 lines. 
 4U— Thirtieth line, for ha-ve, rp ,d—\\zs 
 54.. Tweni --i'.Uil" , ,r rranposed^ rea-A—m'-thken^ 
 56. -.Fourth line, first «ord. for V n, read— Yon. 
 CO-— Fouritfi r 1H-, let !hc (ij^urt be pcnieti thus — 1,432,94. 
 63-- "seventeenth line, fo' as ist ■■tad — asb.s.tf. 
 64>— Eighth line afi" the, >ead — ■ ommeDcement of the. 
 71— Tenth lir.p, for '/!=.. k 'tad — .Mit.-^.. 
 108— In the note at the bottom, for number, read — numbers. 
 J13 — Sfco.-ii line, le.id — (Ui a table 
 129— First Vine last fisures. for 22, read— 28. 
 
 OmUted mentioning when treating on the ■yml>ols, — that if the while paper 
 which surrrmnd ih. m be cut ont, tach sheet will then represent a room; 
 floor, .walls and ceiling. 
 
 Omitted men'ioning — i'!ige 1 19— th;it in learning the Multiplication Table 
 by that method, (hildren should be taught to ?ay, wlien gazing on the 
 walls, — twice 2 is Roe, twiceSisEvE, three times 2 is Ivy, &c. &c; 
 
 Fiinted by W. Glindon, Rupert-Street, Haymarkcf, London.
 
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