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J JO^ ^/ in S?^ THE SATIRES OP JUVENAL AND PERSIUS. THE SATIRES OF PERSIUS AND JUVENAL WITH ENGLISH NOTES, PARTLY COMPILED, AND PARTLY ORIGINAL. THinD EDITION WITH ADDITIONH. BY CHARLES WILLIAM STOCKER, DA). FOKMERLY FELLOW OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, AND LATE PROFKSSOU OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. LONDON : LOXr.MA.N, nnOW'N, AND CO; WHITTAKER AND CO; HAMILTON AND CO; T. CADEM-; SIMHKtN, MARSHALL, AND CO; HOL'LSTON AND STONEMAN ; E. P. WILLIAMS i C. DOLMAN; AND SOUTER AND LAW. — OXFORD : J. H. TARKER, 1815. BAXTER, PRIXTER, OXFORD. m TO EDWARD CARDWELL, D.D. PRINCIPAL OF ST. ALBAN HALL, AND CAMDEN PROFESSOR OF ANCIENT HISTORY, THE FOLLOWING WORK IS DEDICATED AS A MARK OF HIGH ESTEEM BY HIS OBLIGED AND FAITHFUL FRIEND, c. w. s. Oxford, Jannnry 1, 1835. PREFACE. The Editions from which the notes have been principally' selected are those following : 1. The Variorum Edition of 1G84. 2. The Delfhin Edition, 3. Madan's Translation. 4. Kcenig's Persius, Gotting. 1803. 5. RuPERTi's Juvenal, second edition, Lips. 1819. 6. Gifford's Translations — of Persius, Lond. 1821. — of Juvenal, Lond. 1806. 7. Duebner's Persius, Lips. 1833''. 8. Orellius's Eclogaj Poetarum Latinorum% second edi- tion, Tiiric. 1833. And, besides these printed editions, 9. A translation of Persius, with notes, hy Samvel Dennis, D.D. some time President of St. John^s College'^ The text of Persius is taken from Ouelli ; that of Juvenal mostly from Ruperti : in some places, where it differs from the text of his second edition, it will be found to accord with his maturer opinion, elsewhere expi'cssed". In the punctuation the Editor has been guided by his own judge- ment. » For other authorities see the Index at the end of the Preface. '' One of the bewt editions, containing the whole of Casauhon's notes. •^ Containing the whole of Persiu'i, and selections from Juvenal. ■* This Manuscript was kindly communicated to tlie Editor by his friend Dr. Wyntkk, the present President of the College. • The reprint of Ruperti's .Tuvenal (with Kcenig's Persius) 0x071. 1836, does not contain that editor's last corrections. viii PREFACE. In cxtractiii!^- IVom the mass of Annotations whatever ap- peared necessary or useful, the Editor kept before his eyes Hearne's motto " suum cuique :" and when, as woukl often be the case, his own opinions or ilhistrations were antici- pated, he chose to relinquish them in silence rather than risk the imputation of plagiarism. Hence tlie earlier com- mentators will till a more conspicuous place here than in the generality of modern editions : since, from Calderinus and Britannicus downwards, the annotators have been free in borrowing from their predecessors and sparing in acknow- ledgements. All observations to the prejudice of his fellow- labourers in the same field, it has been his wish to avoid : for the aid of each among them, however slight, he has felt grateful ; and their occasional errors, from which none can be exempt, have (as far as i*ested with himself) been willingly consigned to oblivion. The initials denote the authorities from whom the substance of the notes is taken ; (though in the Variorum edition the actual annotator could not always be ascertained :) for such alone as are unappropriated, is the present Editor responsible. In verifying the references of his ])redecessors, or in sujiplying them when altogether omitted, much pains have been bestowed. The following brief memoir of our two Satirists is taken principally from GifTord. According to other authorities, Juvenal wrote many of his Satires after the age of eighty', at which advanced time of life he was banished, and that by Trajan, whom he had complimented in the opening of the very Satire which formed the alleged grievance. The short time which the Editor had for the completion of the work, f Yet ** Newton was, in his eighty-fifth year, improving his Chronology, a few days before his death ; and Waller appears not, In my opinion, to have lost, at eighty-two, any part of his poetical power." Young, too, publisheil his " Re- signation" on the other side of fourscore: yet there is no "proof of decaying faculties. There is Young in every stanza, such as he often was in his highest vigour." Johnson's Lives of the Poets. PREFACE. ix amidst other professional engagements, afforded little oppor- tunity of consulting his friends, where he required advice : any suggestions, therefore, which may supply the defects of this edition and increase its utility if reprinted, by ex- plaining what is difficult and elucidating what is obscure, as well as by rectifying its eiTors, will be received with gratitude ^. AuLUS Persius Flaccus was born in 32 A.D. at Volaterra, a town of Etruria. When six years old, he lost his father ; and, being of a delicate constitution, was educated entirely at home, till the age of twelve. For the benefit of masters, the family then removed to Rome : where Persius was placed under the most celebrated instructors, Remmius Palaemon the gi-ammarian, and Virginius Flavus the rhetorician, with whom he made great proficiency. His mother, Fulvia Sisennia, had raamed again, and her house was the resort of many literary characters, mostly of the Stoic sect. On assuming the manly gown in his seventeenth year, he appears to have somewhat abused the first moments of liberty ^ ; but soon, recovering from his delusion, he had recourse to Anna;us Comutus, an eminent Stoic and one of the professors who frequented his mother's house. In him he found a judicious guide and faithful friend for the remainder of his life ; which was prematurely closed before the age of thirty. After leaving the bulk of his fortune, which was ample, to his mother and sister ; he bequeathed his library (consisting of 700 books), a considerable quantity of plate, and a handsome legacy in money, to this learned and ex- Sat V, 30—40. b X IMiEFACE. celleiit man ', wlio generously relinquislied tlie latter to the relatives ol" the deceased poet. Drcimus Junius Juvenalis was born in the reign of Caligula, about the year of our Lord 38, at AquinumJ a town of the Volsci ; which in the thirteenth century, gave a name to another illustrious native, Thomas A quinas, distinguished among the schoolmen by the title of" the Angelic Doctor." Of Juvenal's life but little can be collected ; and, of this little, much is built upon uncertainties. From pride or modesty, he has left but few notices of himself. As to his circumstances indeed, he gives us to understand that he had a competence : the little patrimony, which his father (or foster-father) left him, he never diminished, and, probably, never increased : it seems to have equalled all his wants. The earliest account extant of him (which is commonly, and by Salmasius amongst others, attributed to Suetonius) has few marks of being written by a contemporary, and is very concise and meagre. He is said to have been either the son, or the foster-son, of a wealthy freedman; who gave him a liberal education. Till the age of forty, (about 78 A.D.) he continued to prosecute the study of eloquence, by de- claiming according to the practice of those days : yet more for amusement, than from any intention to prepare himself either for the schools or for the courts of law. That system of favouritism, which under Claudius had nearly ruined the empire, Domitian, in the early part of his reign, showed symptoms of reviving by his imbounded par- tiality towards a young pantomimic dancer of the name of Paris. Against this minion Juvenal seems to have directed almost the first '' shafts of that Satire, which was destined, in after years, to make the most powerful vices tremble. He * Prologue, note on 8. J [Satire iii,319.] ^ We must except, perhaps, Satires ii and viii ; see the Arguments. PREFACE. xi composed a few lines, on the influence of Paris, with con- siderable success, which encouraged him to cultivate this kind of poetry : he had, however, the prudence not to commit himself to an auditory, in a reign which swarmed with informers, and only circulated his compositions pri- vately among his friends. By degrees he gi"ew bolder ; and, having made many large additions to his first sketch, if not recast it, produced what is now called Satire vii', which he recited to a numerous assemblage, about 83 A. D. The consequences were such as he might have anticipated. Paris is said to have been informed of his own introduction into the piece, and to have taken such umbrage, as to lay a formal complaint of it before the emperor "'. If, owing to this representation, Juvenal was banished from Rome, under the pretence of an appointment to a military command in Upper Egypt, his exile would be of no long duration ; as the favourite was, almost immediately after, disgraced and put to death. That our author was in Egypt is certain"; but he might have gone thither from motives of personal safety : for in 94 A.D. Domitian banished the philosophers from Rome, and soon after from Italy, with many circumstances of cruelty. Now, though Juvenal, strictly speaking, did not come under the description of a philosopher, yet, like the hare in the fable, he might not unreasonably entertain some apprehensions for his safety, and, with many other persons eminent for learning and virtue, might deem it prudent to withdraw from the city. We may therefore refer his journey into Egypt to this period : but it does not appear that he was ever long absent from Rome, where there is strong internal evidence to show that all his Satires were written. Whether his Egyptian voyage was matter of necessity or prudence, we find henceforth in our author the most intense ' See the Argument, and note on 1. ™ See notes on vii, 92 ; and viii, 244. " Satire xv, 45. xii IMIEFACE. hatred of tyianny ; and his indignation is chiefly directed against the empei'or himself, whose liypocrisy, crnelty, and liccnlionsness, now become the object of his keenest repro- bation. He did not, indeed, recite any more in public ; but he continued to write during the remainder of Domitian's reign, to which ])eriod we may assign several of his Satires °. In 96 A.D. the world was happily relieved from the despotism of this tyrant : Nerva, who succeeded him, recalled the exiles. From this time, therefore, there can be little doubt of Juvenal's residing at Home and pursuing his studies without further molestation. His first Satire after Domitian's death would seem to be S. iv >' ; and now he began to revise for publication his previous writings, prefixing to them S. i '', by way of introduction. To this period we may also refer S. x""; and S. xi, which probably closed his poetical career" : unless we suppose S. xvi, to be genuine and left in an unfinished state at the author's death', which took place at an advanced age, when he was upwards of fourscore. This diversity of studies in the two authors before us has given a widely different character to their writings. In one we have the impassioned declaimer, in the other the uncom- promising moralist. Persius, though he borrowed much of the language of Horace, has little of his manner. The im- mediate object of his imitation appears to be Lucilius. If he lashes vice with less severity than his great prototype, we must bear in mind that he lived in perilous times ; that he was of a rank sufficiently distinguished to make such freedom dangerous, and of an age when life had yet lost ° Viz. iii, (see note on 153 ;) v, (see note on 36 ;) vi, (compare the Argument and note on 205 ;) and perhaps, xiii, (see note on 17;) and xi, (see note oa 205.) P See the Argument. t See the Argument. f See notes on 25 ; and 78. • See the Argument. » See the Argument. PREFACE. xiii little of its novelty : to write, therefore, even as he has written, proves him to be a person of no ordinary courage and virtue. His writings are dramatic, after the manner of the Socratic dialogues: and an obscurity arises, sometimes, from the sudden change of characters ", but more frequently, from a redundant use of tropes, (approaching in almost every in- stance to catachresis,) from an anxiety to compress his matter, and from a rapid and unexpected transition from one over-strained figure to another. Stoicism, which had infected poetry even in Cicero's days, had subsequently spread with amazing rapidity. Its general prevalence might be owing to the increase of profligacy, for which it furnished a convenient cloak. Not that such a remark applies to Persius, though brought up in this school : for he practised most scrupulously the virtue which he recom- mends, and, at an age when few have acquired a decided character, left behind him an established reputation for genius, learning, and worth. To form a correct estimate of his merits, it is requisite to have gained some acquaintance with the leading tenets of the sect which he embraced with such ardour. The most prominent of these were — the equality of all vices " : the division of all mankind into two distinct classes, the wise and the foolish, without any intermediate gradations ^ : the indissoluble concatenation of the virtues : and the indefectibility of wisdom ; with its concomitant attributes of imperturbability and unmingled happiness, of genuine liberty % real independence, and even absolute supremacy \ While, however, he was making great profi- ciency in the principles and paradoxes of the porch, Persius " See the opening of Sat. i. » Sat V, 119 ff. y Sat. V, 121 ff. » Sat. V, 73 ff. • " Paganixm and Christianity compared :" in Lectures to the King's Scholars at Weetminster by JoJin Ireland, D.D. 8vo. 1814. xiv PREFACE. nuuU' but little advauceiuont in that knowledge whieh is so essential lor a Satirist, the knowledge of the world. At the political and moral degradation ol' his country he would seem to have felt no indignation; at least, he expresses none. He dreams of no freedom but that enjoyed by the followers of Zeno ; and the tyrants with whom he delights to grapple are always those of the mind. Juvenal, like Persius, ])rofesses to follow Lucilius*"; but what was in one a simple attempt, is in the other a real imitation of his manner. Less of a courtier than Horace, and more a man of the world than his immediate precursor, he laboured with a magnificence of language peculiarly his own, to pourtray in the strongest colours the loveliness of virtue and the deformity of vice. What Horace had done for decorum and taste, that Juvenal did for morals and liberty. Disdaining artifice of every kind, he boldly raised his voice against the usurpation of power. With the sword of satire which he fabricated for himself, he rushes from the palace to the tavern, from the gates of Rome to the boun- daries of the empire, and strikes without distinction who- ever deviates from the course of nature or the paths of honours A stem and intrepid censor, an ardent and impetuous poet, at times he rises with his theme to the noblest heights of tragedy : though in the mere mechanical part of poetry, in the construction of his sentences and verses, he is gene- rally careless. Hence the frequent occurrence of the hiatus % the constant omission of conjunctions', and, in some places, b Juv. i, 19 f; Pers. i, 114 f. <= Dussaulx. hrase as might convey tlie sense divested otthe grossness^ To enable those who have the former editions to see at a glance the matter now introduced for the first time, these additions are distinguished by [ ] in the present edition. Dray cot Rectory, May 1, 1845. i [" Since the business must be unJertaken, why was not the thought blanched, the expression made remote, and the ill features cast into shadows? — I hope modesty is much better than resemblance ;" Jeremy Collier's Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage: p. 71. third edition.] INDEX OF AUTHORITIES \ When the initials are enclosed iu a parenthesis, the reference is to the note of that Commentator on the passage or passages immediately preceding. A, Anthon, Charles Ed.ofLemp.Class.Dict.l827 ACH. Achaintre, Nicholas Lewis,]: 1810 AD. Adam, Alexander, LL.D. Roman Antiquities, &c. 1790 [^2)D. Addison, Joseph 1700 Dial, on Medals; Italj-.] \_AN. Anonymous.] AN0N.1\iQ Author of " High Birth." (see p. 199.) 1821 ARC. Arcerius, John 1598 AS. Ascensius,t (Josse Badius of Assche) 1498 AT. Alciat, Andrew* Praetermiss. 1540 [AW. Arrowsmith, A. Geography] AX. Alexandre ab Alexandre,* Geuiales Dies, 1510 BA. Barth, Caspar Observations ; Statins ; Cal- pumius;Claudian,ctc.l(J50 BAH. Bahrdt, Charles Frederic German Version 1781 BAX. Baxter, William Horace; Anacreon, 1701 BC. Brunck, Richard FrancisPhilip Analecta ; Sophocles, 1785 BDH. Badham, Charles, M.D. Transl. of Juvenal, BE. Beroaido, Philip* Annotations, &c. [BF. Bloomfield, Stephen T. D.D. Thucydides, 1830] BH. Bouhier de Savigny, John Remarks on Cic. T. Q. 1737 BKH. Bnickhuisen, John Propertius; Tibullus, 1707 BL, Blomfield, Charles Ja'.nes,D.D. (Bishop of Loudon) iEschylus, 1812 BNS. Barnes, Joshua, D.D. Anacreon; Euripides, Satires i, iii, vi, x, xvi, and all of Persius, by Dryden himself; ii, xv, by N.Tate; iv. by Richard Duke ; v, by William Bowles; vii, by Charles Dryden ; viii, by George Stepney; ix, by .Stephen Hervey ; xi, by William Congreve ; xii, by Thomas Power; xiii, by Thomas Creech; xiv, by John Dryden, junior. « Annexed to some of the anonymous Vnriorutn notes in the former part of Juvenal. INDEX OF AUTHORITIES. XIX HZ. Haugwitz, Otto Graf von Germ. Vers, of Juvenal, 1818 JR. Ireland, John, D.D. (Dean of Westminster) Leeturts; &c. 1801 J. Junius, Adrian,' Scholia, 1565 JC. Jacobs, Frederic Emendations; Analecta;Gr. Anthology, 1803 JB. Jablonski, Paul Ernest Ee vptianPantheon,cfec. 1750 [JN. Jahn,'j. Christ. Horace, 1824] JiV. Jani,Chr. David, Horace, 1778 [JO. Johnson, Samuel Dictionarv, 1755J JT. Jortin,John',D.D.Tracts,1790 'K. Kidd, Thomas KG. Konig, George Lewisf Claudiau, 1803 KI. Kirchmann, John On Roman Funerals, 1605 KCE. Kiippen, Jh. Hnr. Just. Homer, 1787 KT. Kennett, Basil Roman Antiquities, 1704 KU. Kuster, Ludolf, Suidas, 1705 KZ. Klotz, Chr. Ad. Tyrta;us, 1767 L. Lipsius, Justus,* On the Military Afifairs of Rome ; Tacitus ; Seneca, 1607 LB. Lindenbruch, Frederic, Notes; Ammian, 1590 LL. Longolius, Paul Daniel Pliny Epistles, 1734 LM. Lambin, Denis, Commentaries on Horace; &c. 1560 LO. Loensis, James Nicholas,* Epiphillida, 1590 LR. Larcher, Peter Henry, Herodotus, &c. 1802 LUB. Lubin, Eilhard,*! 1602 LZ. Lenz, Annal. Liter. Goth. 1802 M. Muretus, Mark Anth. Francis,* Various Readings, &c. 1559 MAD. Madan, Martin, Translation, 1 789 MAG. Maggi, Jerome,* Miscellanie.i, 1564 MAN. Manutius,Aldu.. Rhoilipiiius, Lewis Ca'lius,' Lectiunes Aiitiiiua?, 15 IG [RPi/.Kappel, George, Aiinotationes 1747] RRS. Raniircsius de Prado, Laurence, Martial, 1607 RSC. Dillon, ^Vent^vortll, (Earl of Roscommon) 1G60 RU. Rvibens, Albert, Antiquities, 1GG5 S. Sigonius, Charles, On the Rom. Civil Law, 1590 SAB. Sabinus, Francis Floridus,* Lectioncs Subcisiva;, IGO'2 SCA. Scaliger, Joseph Justus,* Explanat. ; Ausonius; Cato; Propertius ; Virgil ; Catullus ; Manilius, *c. 1607 Scioppius, Caspar, 1596 SC. ych. SCO Old Scholiast'' SVL. Schrevelius, Cornelius •=,* Variorum Edition, 16 IB SIV. Schweighaniser, John Appian ; Herodotus; Athe- nieus, 1 7B5 SZ. Schwarz, Christian Theophilus, Pliny Panegyric; 1735 T. Tunielie, Adrian,' Adversaria, 1555 TB. Taubnian, Frederic, Plautus, 1605 TJ/F. Thysius, Anthony,* Aiitiiiuities and Miscell. Im.* 1590 SON. Schottgen, Christian, Columella, 1745. 1790 SH. Schafer, Godfrey Henry, Sophocles, tfec. 1810 SMD. Schmid, Erasmus, Pindar, 1616 SM. Saumaise, Claude,* Plin. Exerc. on Solinus ; Spar- tian ; Vopiscus, &c. 1689 SN. Spanheim, Ezekiel, On Coins ; Callimachus ; Ju- lian, &c. 1670 SPA. Spalding, George Lewis, Quintilian, 1800 SPY. Stapylton, Sir Robert, Translation of Juvenal, 1647 SS. Schleusner, Joh. Frederic Lexicon, 1791 ST I. Stieber, George Frd. Steph. Conjectanea, 1786 STN. Stephens, Robert, f 1544 SUI. Stelluti, Francis, Italian Vers, of Persius, 1630 SUZ. Schurzfleisch, Conr. Sam. Animadversions, 1771 •i [At Venice there is a very old ms of glosses on Juvenal written continuously, without the words which are explained, or any mention of the name of the auihor. Nl. H. R. V. ii, n. 916.] " Annexed to some of the anonymous Variorum notes in the latter part of Juvenal. Erratum Before page 298, /or FAR. read FA Y. WO. [Y. ZZ. THE SIX SATIRES OF AULUS PERSIUS FLACCUS. PROLOGUE TO THE SATIRES. ARGUMENT. In this little poem, though irrelevant to the main objects of the work ; Aus. Kp. iv, 8 ; (it is most probable that in this elegant little piece of irony, a constant allusion is maintained to the trite follies of our poet's immediate contemporaries. GIF.) Iiumor Bcllerophontei cqiii; Prop, iii, 2, 2. KG. Kespecting this spring, s. Ov. F. iii, 450 ff ; U. v, 256- 268 ; Stat. Th. vi, 338 ; A rat. Ph. 205 ff; Plin. iv, 7. It was in Mount Heli- con, 4 ; and sacred to Apollo and the Muses. LUB. Those who drank of it were fabled to become poets forthwith. PRA. s. Virg. JE. vii, 641 ; x, 163. MAD. The first trace of this notion appears to be in Mosch. Id. iii, 77 f. Propertius has refined upon the idea, ii, 8, 11) ff ; s. Hor. Ep. i, 3, 10 ; Stat. S. i,2, 6; ii,7, 12; v, 5, 2; i, 4, 26; EC, An. t. ii, p. 344 ; t. i, p. 218. KG. Proluere lubra is ' to dip the lips,' PRA. as cattle do when they drink ; s. Prop, iii, 2, 52 ; Stat. S. v, 3, 122 ; It is sometimes said of those who drink deep: Virg. M. i, 738; Cop. 29; Hor. Sat. i, 5, 16. This the poetasters of our author's day pretended to have done at the inspiring fount. Mart, viii, 70, 3; Stat. S. ii, 7, 12. Hence the Muses are called madida potato ah Ilijtpo- crene; Sidon. ix, 285; KG. s. Ov. Am, i, 15, 35 f. Sidonius has imitated this passage : non hie ego cuntnientitiam Terpsichoren more studii veteris adseivi : neejuxta scaturlyincm fonlis Aganippki per ros- cidas ripas et p/atiices nii/.scidox sfi/lum trajci: &fc. Ep. viii, ult. (9 fi'.) J'RA. 2. Prtrwa*.v'/.vhad two peaks, Tithvrea and llyampeum ; (or \ai'pi/a and JJi/- ampea ; s. Her. viii, 32, note 19 ;) FA R. s. vi, 10 f, note; PRA. Ov. M. i, 316 ff; Luc. V, 71 ff; Sen CEd. 227. KG. Those who slept in a consecrated spot were supposed to receive aid from the presiding divinity: Virg. /E. vii, 86 ff; Ov. Her. 15, 167 ff; Arist. Fl. 411; 679 ff. KG. 3. As if he could have forgotten such an event! KG. " Aipta ipiXSiTixpos fif^Tv'nratiXrif^vffiv. Epict. 22. KG. To come forth as Phtebus from the ocean ; Ci'. or a chick from the shell ; or a pitcher from the potter's hands: ci/r- rcnte rota iirceiis c a; i t ; Hor. A. P. 22. 4. The Muses are called ' nymphs of Helicon,' from a mountain of Kocoti.i on the confines of Phoeis. L"B. CS. Pirene was a fountain in Acroeorin- thus, tiie citadel of Corinth, and was likewise sacred to the Muses. LUB. CS, Uiod. iv, 74 ; Paus. Cor. ii, 3 ; Strab. p. 582 ; Pind. 01. xiii, 84 ff ; Ov. Pont, i, 3, 75; Stat. S. i, 4, 15 ; fiuvav vlu^ Ilti- ^vftii' Kur. M. 69 ; s. Tr.' 207. It was here that Pegasus was cauglitby Belle- rophoii, and lience that he is called Tlu- ^nvaloi ■TTuXo; Eur. El. 475; vatvm con- scins amnis., Goripmeo percussus cquo ; Stat. 'Ih. iv, 60 if. KG. The epithet 'pale' refers mostprobably to the wan hue, by which the votaries of the Muses were distinguished. LUB. CS. V, 62 ; PRA. i, 124. MAD. 5. ' To Hesiod, Ennius, and the an- cient poets.' LUB. The following imi- tation, which is taken from Hall's open- ing poem, has great beauty: " Trumpets, and reeds, and socks, and buskins fine, I them bequeath ; whose statues, wan- dring twine Of ivy, mixt with bayes, cirelen around. Their living temples likewise laurel-bound." GIF. Under the emperors, the busts of emi- nent poets or literary men, crowned with bay or ivy, were used to ornament public or private libraries. Hor. S. i, 4, 21 ff ; Seii.deTr. An. 9; Plin. xxx'v, 2; Suet, iii, 70; Juv. vii, 29; Plin. Ep. iv, 18; X, 25. KG. Sometimes their chaplets were of oak, or of parsley. LUB. The ivy twines like a serpent, and seem.s to liek with a forky tongue the objects round which it clings. LUB. Virg. >^n. ii, 684. KG. OF PERSIUS. Hederai seqiiaces : ipse seraipaganus Ad sacra vatuui carmen affero nostmni. Quis expedivit psittaco suum XAIPE, Picasque docuit nostra verba conari ? 10 Magister artis ingenique largitor Venter, negatas artifex scqui voces. Quod si dolosi spes refulserit numi, 6. Me doctorum he derae prcemia frontium dis miscetit sitperis; Hor. 0(1. i, 1, 29 f. LUB. Properly ' the ivy' was sacred to Bacchus, in whose train the Muses are often found ; Aristoph. N. 603 ; R. 1242 ; Prop, iv, r, 75 ff; Orph. Ars:. 7 tf. KG. Her. viii, 32, 19. Ivy clings and climbs, and may be said ' to follow' the form of that about which it spreads. Plin. Pan. 4 ; V. Flac. i, 124; s. Petron. 83. KG. ' Haifa clown.' MAD. PagauKsand Miles are opposed to each other. CS. Juv. xiv, 154; xvi, 33; PRA. Plin. Ep. X, 18 ; Veg. ii, 23. KG. 7. ' I add my uninitiated verse to the inspired productions of the bards.' sacri vates et divum cura vocamur; Ov. Am. iii, 9, 17. The works of eminent poets were deposited in the library consecrated to the Palatine Apollo: Hor. Ep. i, 3, 17. T.TJB. Suet, ii, 29 ; PRA. Dio liii, pr. Ov. Tr. iii, 1, 59 ff; Hor. S. i, 10,38; Ep. ii, 2, 92; {BY.) Calp. Sic. 157 ff. LM. But without reference to this fact, poetry may be called sacred : Prop, iii, 1,1; Ov. Pont, ii, 10, 1 7 ff ; iii, 4, ti5 ff; iv, 8, 81 ff. KG. 8. This is by way of anticipation to the objection ; ' How can one write without divine inspiration ?' He is here attacking others, as it were, in his own person ; for Persius himself was a Ro- man knight, and died young and rich, leaving his preceptor a very handsome fortune. LUB. ' Who is it that has removed all impeiliments in the parrot's speech .p' LUB. ' Who has made it so ready with its salutation;" MAD. hiimance soli'r.s imitntor., pa It I arc, liiifjita: ; Stat. S. ii, 4, 1« ff; Apul. ii ; Plin. x, 42 ff; LUB. Mart, xiv, 73; 7<); MAD. Pe- tron. 28; Ov. Am. ii, «, 37 ff. KG. 9. ' To attempt' applies to efforts which arc at present iinsuccessfiil. hnx primum audietpuer, harum verba effin- gere imifando conabitur; Quint. i,l. jK^G. 10. ' Hunger does wonders ; and mercenary motives are quite as in- spiring, as drinking the waters at Heli- con, or bivouacquing for the night on Parnassus.' KG. " Necessity is the mother of invention." Paitpertas ini- pulit audax, ut versus facerem ; Hor. Ep. ii, 2, 52 f. FAR. Agreeably to the proverbs : iiiidta docrt fames : and ifoWZt Xifiof ylyvirai oi^tkirKaXos' PRA. Juv, iii, 78. KG. Jonson alludes to this and a subsequent passage, in The Poetaster: "They would think it strange, now, A man should take but colt's-foot for one day. And, between whiles, spit out a better poem Than e'er the master of art, or giver of wit, Their bell}', made. — Yet, this is pos- sible!" [Ap. Dial. 188 ff.] BWS. Compare Arist. PI. 467.-594. [Her. vii, 102, 79.] Under the name of ' Genius' may be included the intellectual virtues in ge- neral. Cic. de Fin. v. CS. It applies to poetical talent in particular: Ov. A. A. iii, 57. R. 11. ' Cunning to follow.' LUB. A Grecism : ' an expert artist in teaching them to express.' KG. ' Denied by nature.' SVL. 12. ' Money' is called ' deceitful,' fi-om the many wiles and frauds which it leads men to practise : (jnid non mor- talia pectora cogis, auri sacra fames ! Virg. JE. iii, 56 f; LUB. or from its decoying men into undertakings for which they are disqualified. KG. ' Shall have shone forth suddenly and unexpectedly.' Previously, however they might have wished for money, they could not have lioped for it. CS. The metaphor is taken either from the gleaming of gold and silver; Virg. M. vi, 204 ; V. Paterc. ii, 103 ; or from the appearance of a projiitious star ; Hor. Od. i, 12, 27 ff. KG. PROLOG UJ:, &c. Corvos poetas et poetrias picas Cantare credas Pegaseium nectar. 13. ' Kavens turning poets, and mag- pies becoming poetesses.' LUJi. 14. ' Pegaseian,' see note on 1 . ' Such as would be composed by one who had drunk of Hippocrene;' PR A. or ' As sweet as the vaunted streams of that fountain.' R. ' Nectar;' s. BA, on Calp. Sic. iv, 151. Poets called their own lays ' nectar:' Pind. 01. vii, 12 fif; Theocr. Id. vii, 82. s. Hom. II. a 249; fHhi oufi^es'EXiKMiiiaf aeii»f Nest.JLar. Ep. i'; liC, An. t. ii, p. 344 ; Ov. Pont, iii, 4, 55. Martian perhaps was imitating this passage, where he says, pos/ hos liunoratior fojitigenarum virginum cho- ms Pe gn s cae vocis necfnre dif- JJi/i'hnf; i.\ ; VO. nKTcc^iai XiliocSis Tlt- yariiof K^rtyims' Honest. Ep. 3, in EC, An. t. ii, p. 289. KG. On the mixture of metaphors see note on palleiilcs ; v, 15 ; Livy xxvii, 20, 7. SATIRE 1. ARGUMENT. The Poet commences, as if he intended a tritieal moral essay; 1: and, when discouraged by a friend from his design of assuming the censor, 2 ff; he proceeds, in bold defiance of public opinion, to a spirited ex- posure of the wretched taste of the times ; 4 S. He repeatedly disclaims all intention of writing for popularity or effect, 4 ff; 26 f ; 44 ff; and expresses supreme contempt of that mania for public recitation, which had already excited the ridicule of Horace, and which, not long after this, provoked the spleen of Juvenal; 14 f. An amusing picture is drawn of one of those hoary versifiers, who pander to the peissions of their auditory by grossly luscious strains; 13 ff. After which we are introduced to a younger set, whose sickly appetite cloys itself with the mawkish sweets of softly sentimental lays ; 30 ff. The cause of this depravation of taste is ingeniously traced to the pedantic nature of the schools, 69.. 82; fostered by the interested and ignorant admiration of sycophants and dependents; 48.. 56; 63.. 68; men, who are the very first to ridicule their dupe behind his back ; 56. .62. The Satirist then makes a digression to the bar, of which the language was grossly vitiated by a meretricious glare of elocution, and an affected display of rhetorical subtleties; 83.. 91: returning to the poets, he parodies and ridicules the favourites of fashion; 92. .106; this excites the alarm of his friend, and draws forth some cautious advice, 107.. 110; which, as generally happens, only serves to render the writer more daring, and to give a spirited conclusion to the Satire; 111 . .134. To the contemporaries of Persius, this must have been a very amusing performance ; but to us, who are ignorant of the true nature of his parodies, and who cannot, in a single instance, appropriate them with certainty, it has lost much of its pleasantry. Enough, however, remains to give a most favourable impression of the youthful critic's humour and good sense. GIF. KG. THK SATIRES SAT. I. O CUKAS lioiuinum ! o (luantiun est in rebus inane ! " (Jnis Icpfct Inec ?" M'iti tu istud ais ? Nemo Ilercule. " Nemo ?" \ el iluo, vel nemo. " Tuipe et miserabile." Quare ? Ne niihi Polydamas et Troiades Labeonem 5 Prajtulerint .'' Nngae ! Non, si quid turbida Roma Elevet, accedas examenque impiobum in ilia Casliges trutina, nee te quaesiveris extra. 1. Ecclesiastes i, -2. .14. MAD. "Offfly TO *i»av 1 Sell. 2. This verse is from Lucilius. Sch. The words of some critical friend, who, awarothat Persius has serious intentions of publishing a satire, throws cold water upon his design. KG. Among the Komaus it was usual for men to swear by Hercules and women by Castor; Gell. xi, 6; s. Juv. ii, 98. PR A. 3. ' But two or three, if any.' ' It will be a disgrace, and a thousand pities!' CS. ' Why so ? I do not write ad cap- taiidmn v>/fgus:' KG. ' therefore your pity is quite thrown away.' 4. ' Shall I fear' KG. ' sinking below Labeo in theestimation of theprince and the people: as Hector feared lest Poly- damas and the Trojans should think dis- paragingly of him P' TlouXuStifias fiei trpure; IXiy^iltiv a.\a6r,Tef x. T. X. Kh pr. t. iil, p. 11. KG. Compare Hotspur's de- scription of the foppish lordling ; K. H. IV, pt. i, A. i, sc. 3. 1'''. This valuableringwas one of these birth-day presents, and always worn on the return of that dav- Seh. Juv. vii. 142 f; MAD. Plaut.'Curc. v, 2, 56. On the abuse of this custom of wearing rings : s. Isid. xix, 32 ; Juv. i, 27 ft"; vi, 381, note; Petr. 55; Mart, v, 11, 1 ; ii, 29 ; v, 9. The following is among the directions given to an orator ; mamis noil inipleatur annnli.i.prau-ipue mt'diu.s articulos non transvitidibus ; Quint. Inst, xi, 3. KG. [ODD, on St James ii, 2.] Albus from his dress. Seh. s. Mart.i, 56, 14 ; iv, 41 ; vi, 41 ; x, 62, 6 ; Sen. Ep. 114 ; Gell. xi, 9. PRA. KG. 17- ' After he has rinsed his throat with a gargle.' According to Synesius a footman stood by the reciter with some emollients in a cup or phial, to which his master applied, every now and then, to clear his voice, nee in tragwdorum modum guttur et fauces dulci medica- mine cJllinienda;., ut in ecclesia thea- trales moduli audiantur et cantica ; S. Hier. ad Eph. v. C'S. 18. ' Effeminately, CS. and with las- civious eye half- closed ;' therefore called ocellus. Seh. LUB. s. Juv. ii, 91, last note. 19. Neque probo ' wanton.' LUB. Sen. Ep. 52; Plin. Ep. ii, 14, 12. KG. Nee serena ' not calm, but agitated with passion.' MAD. 20. Trepidare ' to be in ecstasies.' saliet, tundet pcde ierra?n ; Hor. A. P. 430. PRA. lience it appears that the auditory consisted of the chief nobility. Titos may be put for Tit/enses, as Rhamnes for R/iamuenses ; Hor. A. P. 342; Ov. F. iii, 132 ; HS. Rhenos for Rhenen- ses ; vi, 47. ED. They were named after Titus Tatius, the king of the Sabines and colleague of Romulus. PRA. [Liv. i, 13, 8. gaudent prceno- mine inollesauriculee.Woi. S ii, 5, 32 f.] Lumbum. h ii or^uf hfiiv uy^uf iTixi- viTTaf Luc. As. Aur. (i. t. ii ; principio tirmulis gannitibus aera pulsat, verba- f/uc lascivos meretricum imitantiacwtus vibrat, et obsccenee numeros prurigitiis iniplet; Aus. Ep. cviii,4 ft"; f^'otoi ah Xi- Xnh TVf i» o^^KffU iiaSiriv Ta ttirifiaTsipi/h', after running through more love adventures than any lady of romance, narrowly escaped the same or a worse catastrophe. Her faithless lover was Jason ; T. GIF. Ov. Her.6. PRA. 35. ' Filters, '£L''.B. 'melts,' CS. 'dis- tils.' PRA. "His dainty palate tripping forth his words.'' HOL. " His refining throat Fritters, and melts, and minces every note." BWS. "Slowly distils.. .. And trips up every word, with lisping touiiue." GIF. s, bv. A. A. ii, 283 ff; iii,'293 tf ; Mart, x, 65, 10 tl. KG. 36. ' The heroes hum assent.' GIF. s. Mart, i, 4; FAR. Ov. M. ix, 259; xiv, 592; Virg. IE. ii, 130. KG. Chi/s,fyc. s. Juv. vii, 207 f; Ov. Tr. iii, 3, 76 ; Am. iii, 9, 67; A. A. iii, 470; Prop, i, 17,24. KG. 37. Cippus ' the marble slab,' ' the grave-stone.' CS. 38. Laudant denotes more than as- sensere : and convince implies that ' they paid for their entertainment by their applause.' Mart, vi, 48. KG. Mnnlbus; v, 152. PRA. ' The re- ma.hif'.' sepn/rra //in/ fa; niidati Manes; Uv.MAD. Plin.Ep.vii,27,ll; Prop, ii, 10, 31 ; iv, 5, 3 ; s. Virg. JE.u,.o87 ; iii, .39 ff; Eur. Hec. 31 ff. KG. .39. This line is spurious: STI.KG. or rather it made a part of the Satire before it received the author's last polish. PS W. PL U. There is no rea,son to r|uestion its genuineness. WB. It is a cliihax in ridicule of the poetasters. CS. DBN. s. note 1 on 31. 40. ' You are too fond of sneering.' plcriqiie sulvnt naso si/spen/ler/; ad//nco ignutus ; Hor. S. i, 6, 5 f ; MAD. Mart, i, 4, 5 f; Sidon. ix, 341 ft'. KG. 42. Volito vivu' per or a virxtm; Enn. CS. Her. iii, 157, note 17. What men talk much of, it is natural to suppose that they think much of; hence the Greek phrases ^;^uv or elva/b A » y a», and the like. Vitruvius (with whom Pliny agrees, xiii, 5 ;) tells us that books, rubbed with the oil or the juice of the cedar, were thereby preserved from moths and decay, ii, 9 ; Hor. A. P. .331 f. PRA. KG. The ancients also kept their books in what we call pigeon-holes, as well as in chests ; Juv. iii, 206. For the more valuable part of the collection, these articles were made of cedar, or cypress, on account of the antiseptic quality of the wood. G IF. 43. ' And that are under no danger of lying in chandlers' shops to wrap spices and red herrings in.' DEN. ne, una c/ini scripture tneo capsa porrect/is aperta^ deferar in vicum ven/lentem t/ins ct o/lores c'i piper et qnidrpii/l chnrtis n/ni- cit//r ineplis; Hor. Ep. ii, 1, 267 ff'; MAD. Cat. xcv, 8 ; Mart, iii, 2, 3 ff ; iv, 87, 8. KG. Sconibros; Ath. vii; Plin. ix, 15; PRA. id. xxxi, 43. KG. 44. ' To speak seriously then :' in reference to 40. LUB. 45. Exit : a metaphor from pottery ; Hor. A. P. 21 f; KG. pr. 3, note. SAT. I. OF PERSIUS. 13 Qiiaudo haec vara avis est — si quid tamen aptius exit, Laudari metuarn ; ueque eiiim mihi cornea fibra est. Sed recti finemque extremumque esse recuse Edge tuum et belle ; nam belle hoc excute totum, 50 Quid nou intus habet r non hie est IHas Acci P^bria veratro ^ non si qua elegidia crudi Dictarunt proceres ? non quidquid denique lectis Sciibitur in citreis ? Calidum scis ponere sumen ; Scis couiitera hoiTidulum trita donare lacerna, 55 Et " Verum" inquis " amo : verum mihi dicilo de me !" — Qui pote t vis dicam .? Nugaris, quum tibi, calve, 46. Alluding to the Phoenix : FAR. Plin. X, 2; Or. M. xv, 37; PRA. Luc. \-i, 6?0 ; (D(E.) KG. Juv. vi, 165 ; MAD. Her. ii, 73; Tac. An.ii, 28; S. Clem. Rom. I Cor. xxv; [Vir. E. vi, 9 f ; Hor. O. iv, 3, 24.] See 125. si quid est in me ingenii^ju- ilices ; qi/oU sentio quam sit exiguum ; Cic. for Arch. 1. tipama.' Arist. Eth. iv, 7, end. 47. ' Nor (though I am a Stoic, CS.) are my heart-strings so callous.' 48. ' I camiot allow praise to be the end and aim of all one's works and ac- tions:' LUB. S/ auTO fiavXifiiffa, to, aXXa, SI S/a rouro' Arist. Eth. i, 2, beg. 49. s. 56, uote; CS. Petr. 40; KG. Juv. vii, 44, note. MAD. ' Sift thoroughly.' MAD. 50. ' And what trash and flummery do you not find it to consist oi?' LUB. Acci; 4. Sch. 51. ' Besotted with hellebore.' ebrins sermo; Sen. Ep. 19. ' Eabeo's " eye in a tine phrensy rolling" (Shaksp. M. N. 1). V, 1, 12;)' is not lit by the fire of genius, but kindled by the stimulants of art. Unfortunately, too, the dose has been strong and the versifier's head very weak. He ba.s not tasted the inspiring streams of Hippocrene, or reached the heights of Helicon; but, on bis way to the spring, has chewed so freely of the hellebore, which grows on that mountain in prr)fiision, that his brain is (|uite muddied.' s. I'lin. xxv, 5; Cell, xvii, 15. FRA. KG. CS. ' SimnetH,' DEN. ' naml)y-painby lays.' 52. ' Have dictated to their amanu- ensis.' KG. Juv. vii, 105, note 2; LUB. Gell. xix, 10 ; Plin. Ep. iv, 14 ; PRA. Prop, iii, 4, 14. (BU.) KG. 53. ' You are noted for giving excel- lent hot suppers.' CS. Juv. xi, 81, MAD. and 138 ; Petr. 36 ; s. Hor. A. P. 422 ff; Mart, ii, 27; iii, 50; Petr. 10, 137; Luc. Merc. Cond. t. i, p. 694; Juv. xiii, 32, note ; KG. Rambler No. 16. 54. ' Shivering with the cold.' L UB. Lacerna; Juv. ix, 28, note; Prop. iv, 3, 18. {BU.) KG. bo. Ego verum amo : venmi volo mild did: mendacem odi; Plaut. Most, i, 3, 24 ; PRA. Mart, viii, 76. KG. 56. Hoc fades ^ sive id non pote, sive pote; Cat. Ixxvi, 16; si vero est unctiim ifui recte ponere possit, . . . mirabor si sciet inter noscere jnen- dacem verumque heatus amicum. tu, sen donaris sen quid donare voles cut, nolito ad versus tibi J'acfos ducere ple- num leetitice; clamabit enim pulchre ! bene! recte ! &,'c. Hor. A. P. 422. .. 433. PRA. dicam, si potero. male verum examinat omnis corrupt us Ju- dex ; id. S. ii, 2, 8 f. LUB. " Thou triflest, bald-pate ass !" HOL. ' Your attempting to write poetry is an utter waste of time and every thing else,' CS. " Dotard ! this thriftless trade no more pursue: Your lines are bald and dropsical like you." GIF. nugaris seems a mild term for Persius to employ as conveying his opinion ; it may therefore mean ' You are not serious in what you say.' KG. Calve! The proverb says " There is no fool like an old fool." 11 TllK SATIRES SAT. I. l*inguis aqualiculus propenso sesquipede exstet. O Jane, a tcrgo quein nulla cicoiiia pinsit, Nee niauus, auriculas iinitari mobilis albas, 60 Nee liuguiu, (piantuni sitiat canis A])pula, tautum ! Vos, o palricius sanguis, quos vivere iiis est Occipili caico, posticae occunite sannae. — "Quis populi seimoest?" Quisenini ? nisicannina uiolli Nunc demuui nuniero flucie, ut per leva severos 65 Eliundatjinictura ungues; scit tcndcre vcrsum 57. ' A paunch like a hog-trough struts with a projection of eighteen inches.' HOL. trap^iTa yatTn^ Xi-rrbf oh TiKTu tiev Seh. PRA. s. Sen. Ep. 90. KG. 58. Janus, fortunately for him, had a double face, and these eyes in his poll prevented him from being laughed at behind his back. L UB. The Romans were great adepts in the various arts of contempt; and their descendants, the modern Italians, have inherited no small portion of their ingenuity. They will frequently follow an unfortunate wight occipiti ceeco, [in maxinio metu nudum et cencutn corpus ad hostes ver- tere, Sal. J. 115;] and ridicule him with the most expressive and ludicrous signs. ' The ass's ears' and ' the stork's bill' are still the popular modes of scoff- ing : these, the suppKness of their fingers enables them to imitate with great success ; but the manner of it must be seen to be fully understood. The following is an evident imitation of this passage: tie credos landatoribus tuis: into irrisoribus aurem ne libenter accommodcs ; qui quum te adulationibus suis foveriiii, si subilo respexeris, aut ciconiarum deprehendes post te colla curvari ; aut manu auriculas agitari asini, aut eestuaiitis canis protendi linguam ; S. Hier. to Rust, and id. pr. in fe^ophon. Macr. S. i, 9 ; PRA. GIF. Sch. s.Ov. F. i,05 f; KG. ib. vi, 123; Spectator, No. 354 ; Isaiah Iviii, 9. .59. The inside of an ass's ears are ' white.' LUB. 60. See Isaiah Ivii, 4. Apulia was a parched and sultr)' district: siticulusa Apulia; Hor. Ep. 3, 16; CS. Juv. iv, 27, note. 61. Vos, o Pompilius sanguis; Hor. A. P. 291 f. PRA. ' Whose destiny it is.' KG. 62. ' Let me recommend to your lord- ships, who are not blessed with eyes in the poll, to find a method of preventing those scoffs and sneers that are made behind your back,' DEN. ' by dropping all pretensions to shine as authors.' PRA. 63. Continued from 55. PRA. ' Why, what should it be ?' 64. A metaphor from statuaries who run their nail over the marble to ascer- tain whether there is any flaw or un- evenness. carmen repreltendite, quod non multa dies et multa litura coercuit, atque prcesectum decies non castitjavit ad ungiteni; Hor. A. P. 292 tf; S. ii, 7, 87 ; S. i, 5, 32. tola denique ora- tio [totn verborum structura v. 1.] liquida prursiis et ductilis, veluti quttm crystallinas crustas aut onychintinas non impacto digitus ungue perlabitur ; quippe si nihil evm rimosis obicibus except um tenax fractura remoretur ; Sid. Ap. ix, 7. ' The joining is so exact as to allow the critical nail to glide uninterruptedly along the po- lished surface.' LUB. MAD. KG. The Romans were exceedingly parti- cular in having their furniture, whether of wood or marble, so constructed as to leave the joints imperceptible, not only to the eye, but to the scrutiny of the nail ; if in passing it over the line of juncture, the slightest jar were per- ceived, the fastidious taste at once condemned the article as unfashionable. In a much earlier and less luxurious age, we find Lucilius illustrating the artifice of composition by a comparison from the arrangement of a tesse'lated pavement : tarn lapidi ki^tii coiupostfe id tesserula onines, endo pavimento atque emblemata vermiculato ; [fr. inc. 120 f;] FEE. s. Aus. Id. xvi, 3 ff; [Vir. G. ii, 277.J SAT. I. OF PERSIUS. 15 70 70 Non secus, ac si oculo rubricam dirigat uno. Sive opus in mores, in luxum, in prandia reguni Dicere, res grandes nostro dat Musa poeta?. Ecce niodo heroas seusus afferre videmus Nugari solitos Gra3ce nee ponere lucum Artifices nee rus saturum laudare, ubi corbes Et focus et porci et fumosa Palilia fcsno : Unde Remus sulcoque lerens dentalia, Quiuti, Quum trepida ante boves dictaturam induit uxor Et tua aratra domum licior tulit. — Euge, poeta ! Est nunc, Brisaei quem venosus liber Acci, 66. The metaphor is taken from car- penters, or masons, who shut one eye, when they want to draw a straight line: T. which they do by means of a cord, rubbed over with ruddle. The cord is stretched along the wood or stone, and then jerked by being pulled up at the centre and suddenly let go. \ti) »ai Tih; TtKrovas ToXXoixt; tio^a.x.iya.1 fiaidoxu xatitas iTlvSuyHTO,} ra ^uXa- LlU . Icarom. t. ii, p. 7t>9. KG. Ritbrica; Flin. xxxv, 6. Pi?^. 67. ' The immorality and luxury of the age;' i. e. ' to write satires.' ' The banquets of kings ;' (s. Juv. vii, 73 ; vi, 644, notes,) i. e. ' to write tragedies.' CS. Or in may mean ' upon,' and all three substantives relate to regum : ' the manners, luxury, and feasts of courts.' KG. 69. ' Heroic sentiments.' Horace checks such conceited presumption by saying, siimite materiam vextn's, f/i/i scril/i/in, aqnam virihus ; et versate (liu quill fcrre recusent, quid valeaut humeri; A. P. 38 ft'. LUB. Examples of the use of the double substantive are given by BUR, in his note on yEsch. P. V. 2. 70. ' Those who used to confine their poetical effusions to wretcheiosi, si ad intt'lligetidos nos, opus sit i/iget/io ! Diomedes. GIF. rau\io;' Arist. Ach. 831 ; and liofifiuXiir id. V. 107; whence our BUMBLE-BEE, more commonly called HUMBLE-BEE, and, provincially, dum- BLEDORE. The first line of this burlesque seems parodied from Catullus: multis rauci- sonos efflabant cornua bombos ; Ixiv, 264 ; CS. s. Lucr. iv, 550. 100. Many expressions in this poem closely resemble those in the Bacchee of Euripides; s. 735 ff. CS. GIF. Pentheus is here designated as ' the calf;' for so his frantic mother Agave fancied, when she (with her companions) tore him in pieces; and ' arrogant,' for his conduct towards Bacchus. LUB. s. Hor. S. ii, 3, 303 f; but according to Ovid, she imagined him to be a boar : M. iii, 714. PRA. 101. Bassaris is here applied to Agave, from Bassarens (Hor. Od. i, 18, 11;) an epithet of Bacchus: the etymology is uncertain. Sch. The car of Bacchus was drawn by ' lynxes' harnessed ' with ivy-branches.' LUB. Mcenas; Juv. vi, 317. MAD. Flectere'' to guide,' Virg. G. ii, 357; R. i, 1.56. MAD. SAT. I. OF PERSIUS. 19 Evion ingeminat ; reparabilis adsonat Eclio. Haec fierent, si testiculi vena ulla paterni Viveret in nobis ? summa delumbe saliva 105 Hoc natat in labris et in udo est Mcenas et Atiis, Nee pluteum caedit nee demorsos sapit ungues. " Sed quid opus teneras iriordaci radere vero Amiculas ? Vide sis, ne majorum tibi forte Limina frigescant : sonat hie de nare canina 110 Litera." Per me equidem sint omnia protinus alba: 102. Evion, an epithet of Bacchus. 9. Juv. vii, 62, note; MAD. Hor. Od. ii, 19,7; PRA. Eur. B. 141. KG. ' Keproductive.' LUB. Calp. \, 20. KG. Echo; Ov. M. iii, 35G flF; LUB. Aus. Ep. xi ; also Plin. ii, 46 ; xxxvi, 15. PRA. 103. ' Any spark of pristine Tigour,' GIF. ' any vein of the manliness of our sires.' si quid in Flacco viri est; Hor. Ep. XV, 12. PRA. 104. " This cuckoo-spit of Rome, Which gathers round the lips in froth and foam!'' GIF. 'these nerveless and superficial effusions, which float on the lips and not in the brain.' CS. FAR. 10.5. In udo is equivalent to in ore : (8. 42, note) implying perhaps at the same time that these affectations were relished, so as to make the mouth water; which always prevents a person from speaking with force and distinctness. T. 106. See Quint, x, 3. PRA. ' They give no proof of pains.' culpantur frustra calami immeritusque lahorat iratis natus paries dis atque poetis ; Hor. S. ii, 3, 7 f; MAD. in versu faciendo sape caput scaberet., vivos et roderet uwjues; Hor. S. i, 10, 70 f; PRA. Ep. .5, 47 f ; and in v, 162 f ; KG. Rambler, No. 169. 107. No raree-show man shifts his figures quicker than Persius does his fantoccini : we may therefore suppose that the frieml, who had been a silent listener since he expressed his dissent in V. 11, now again steps forward to warn the satirist of his danger. GIF. Ohsequiurn amico.s, Veritas odium parit ; Ter. And. i, 1, 41. Quorum (i. e. ' of thinga to be learnt') ne jejuna atque arida traditio averteret animos, et a tires prcEsertim tarn de- licatas raderet, verebamur; Quint. Inst, iii, 1. KG. 108. Auriculas; Hor. S. ii, 5, 82, Vide, as cavt in Hor. Ep. i, 13, 19 ; LUB. and va/& (hut that is before a vowel) in Virg. E. iii, 79; Fasciculus Poet. p. 5. Sis Livy xxiii, 47, d. Our author still affects the disguise which he put on at first, a.s though he had to dread expulsion from the tables of the rich. GIF. O puer, ut sis vitalis, metuo ; et majorum ne quis amicus frigore te feriat ; Hor. S. ii, 1, 60 ff. FAR. 109. We often find attributed to the threshold that which belongs, pro- perly, to the inmate; s. Ov. M. xiv, 703 f; Am. i, 6, 67 f; Prop, i, 16, 17; ii, 16, 23; KG. superba civium poten- tiorum limina; Hor. Ep. 2, 7 f. (1) " This currish humour j-ou ex- tend too far. While every word growls with that hateful gnarr." GIF. r is called the dog's letter, because the vibration of the tongue in pronouncing it, resembles the snarling of a dog. s. Alchymist, ii, 6; MAD. irritata canis quod homo quam planiu' dicit ; Lucil. Shakspeare Rom. and Jul. ii,4, end. GIF. or (2) " Methinks they're touch'd already, and I hear The dog- gish letter r sound in my ear." HOL. House-dogs were chained at the gates of their residences, with a notice on the wall cave canem; Ov, Tr. ii, 459 f; Pet, 27; 77. The surliness of the porter and the growls of the dog may both be traced to the coolness of their lord. PSW. PLU. OE. KG. DBN. 110. Alba. TO fA}> Xiuxiv rnt iyccM (pufiuf, T^ Si fiiiXav Kaxau' Pythag. in Laert. PRA. KG. T. Sil. XV, .03. {R.) '20 THE SATIRES SAT. I. Nil moror. Eugc ! onmcs etenim bene mirae eritis res. Hoc juvat? " H\c" iuquis" veto qiusqnam faxit olctum!" Piiige duos angues : VUERI, sacek est locus ; extra Mejitk. Discedo. Sccnit liUcilius Urbem, 115 Te, liUpe, te, Muci, et genuinum fVcgit in illis. Onnie vafer vitiuni ridenli Flaccus amico Tangit ct adniissus circuni praecordia ludit, Callidus excusso populum suspendere naso. Men mutire neias ? nee clam nee cum scrobe ? " Nus- quam." lll.SeeHor.S.i, 10, 11.. 16; Pi?^. nil moror; ib. 4, 13; MAD. Juv. iii, 188, note. The French have this idiom in their language: " bien adiiiiralilc." 112. Hoc fuvat? Hor. S. i, 1, 78. KG. Sec Juv. i, 131. MAD. ' You affix to your poems' " Commit no nuisance : decency forbids !" 1 13. Veferes Gentiles serpentes ap- pinxere ad conciliandam loco sacro revereutiam, (ji/os mystce suos genios inlcrpretabantur; qucmadmodum Chri- stiani crncem appingitnt ; Laurent. DMD. Every place had its genius, who was generally repre.sented under the figure of a snake. Serv. s. Her. viii, 41, note; ii; Liv. x; Flor. xi ; Pans, ii, Virg. M. v, 82 ; (HY.) Prop. iv, 8; T. Macr. S. i, 20; Plut. V. xxxviii,end; M. xxvii ; ..El. An. ii, 2. Ifi f ; PRA. Arist. PI. 733. CS. Deane on the Serpent Worship. Sacer est locus; Calp. ii, 55. KG. ' Go elsewhere, if you have need.' 1 14. There is considerable humour in making the poet, after he had been warned ott" the premises by the for- bidding snakes, linger as he retires, and finally turn back and justify his riabt to remain by the examples of Lucilius and Horace GIF. Lurilivs (Juv. i, 20, 165 f;) sale ntiilto nrhciii defrkuit ; Hor. S. i, 10, 14 f ; primorrs pujuili nrripiiit populinuffie tribntim; S. ii, 1, i. xai rat uhplat kit^urru Arist. Av. ij'.il) Ii'. 12. Hercules was considered the guardian of hidden treasures; and the tithe of them, when found, was his due. FAR. amico Hercule; Hor. S. ii, 6, 12; {TO.) Plaut. Most. Diod. S. v, 2 ; PRA. 8. 44. 13. ' On whose heels I tread:' a metaphor taken from persons in a crowd. PRA. [21 ; 69.1 It was a law of the B 2(J THK SATIKES SAT. 11. Bile lumct. Ncrio jam tortia ducitur uxor!" 15 JIu'c sanctc nt poscas, Tibcrino in gurgite iiiergis Maue caput bis tovque (>t iioctcm lliuninc purgas. Ileus ago, respondc : (niininuun est, quod scire laboro :) De Jove quid senlis ? Estne, ut pijcponere cures Hunc — ? "Cuinam?" Cuinam? Vis Staio? — An scilicet litres, 20 Quis potior judex pucrisvc quis aptior orbis? Hoc igitur, quo tu Jovis aurem impellere tentas, Die agedum Staio: " Proh Juppiter! O bone" clamet " Juppiter !" At sese non clamet Juppiter ipse ? Ignovisse putas, quia, quum lonat, ocius ilex 25 Sulfure discutitur sacro, quam tuque domusque ? An quia non fibris ovium Ergennaque jubente, twelve tables : 5/ pafcr-familias intes- tato vioritur, cui impttbcs suns Iteres escif, agnatus proximns ttitelam nanci- tor. KG. ' I might strike out.' s. Plaut. Cure. iv, 4, 24. KG. 14. Bile tiimet. Plaut. Tim. t. ix, p. 420; Hor. Od. i, 13, 4 f. KG. His avarice is shown by his envjnng Nerius, who had already come in for the fortune of three wives, s. Mart, x, 43. KG. 15. Juv. vi, 522 ff, notes; MAD. Virg. IE., ii, 719 f. PRA. Our author here exposes the absurd folly of those, who imagine that sanctity consists in a due observance of the external forms and rites of religion ; while they shame- fully neglect the purilication of the heart, of which the other is but typical and ought to remind them. Cic. Leg. ii, 10 ; s. Luc. Icar. t. ii, p. 781 f. KG. 16. Alhula, quern Tibrin mersiis Tiberinus in xtnda reddidit; Ov. F. ii, 389 f. PRA. The rites of the infernal deities were performed in the evening, those of the celestials ' in the morning.' Apoll. Rh. Find. Is. iv, 110 ff. PRA. Bis caput intonsinn fontana spar- gituritnda: lis sua faginea tetnpwa fronde tegit; Ov. F. iv, 655 f. PRA. Ter caput irrorat, ter toll it in eethera palnias ; Ov. F. iv, 316 ; PRA. Virg. G. i, 345; MAD. M. vi, 229; Tib. i, II, 34; Petr. 131. KG. Purgas. Ablutions are still per- formed, with this view, by the Turks. ac prinium pura sunutum libi discute lympha; Prop, iii, 10, 13; omina noctis farre pio placant et saliente sale; Tib. iii, 4, 9 f; PRA. s. Arist. R. 1376 f; PI. 656 f; Cic. for Coel. 14; Ov. Am. iii, 7, 43 f; Virg. 2E. viii, 69 f; Tib. ii, 1, 9 ff; Petr. 104. KG. 19. There is great bitterness in the cuinain ? The man of prayer will not venture to decide; till he hears the name of the individual, whose virtues, as guardian and judge, are to be weighed against those of Jupiter: even thun he hesitates ; till he is incidentally reminded, that the person thus selected had defrauded his ward in one instance, and condemned the innocent in another: this overcomes his delicate scruples; and he tacitiy admits the god to be the better of the two. GIF. W h o Staius was, is not known : we learn what he was, from the next line. KG. 21. Impellere ' to assail.' Virg. M, xii, 618 f. KG. 22. CVa«/e^, understand Staius. LUB. s. Hor. S. i, 2, 17f. KG. 24. Juv. 13, 100, note. KG. 25. ' The thunderbolt.' LUB. Plin. XXXV, 15 ; PRA. quocmnriue decidit fulnien, ibi odoretn sulfuris esse certum est; Sen. Q. N. ii, 53; Virg. iE. ii, 698. KG. \t\ ^tTov.] 26. "E» 'iia ivsTv: Ergenna (i. e. the Tuscan soothsayer,) gives directions, after consulting the entrails of the SAT. II. OF PERSIUS. 27 Triste jaces lucis evitandumquc bideutal, Idcirco slolidam prajLet tibi vellere barbam Juppiter? Aut quidnam est, qua tu mercede deorum 30 Emeris auriculas .? pulmone et lactibus uuctis ? Ecce avia aut metuens diviim matertera cunis Exemit puerum frontemque atque uda labella lufanii digito et lustralibus ante salivis Expiat, urentes oculos iubibere perita ; 35 Tunc manibus quatit et spem macram supplice voto Nunc Liciui in campos, nunc Crassi mittit in sedes. " Hunc optent generum rex et regina ! puellaj Hunc rapiant ! quid quid calcaverit hie, rosa fiat I" sheep. CS. LUB. s. Juv. xiii, 62; PRA. and vi, 587, note. This line, in constniction, follows evitandum. ri Sij- TSTi Tius liparuXous xai XwToci is THE SATIRES SAT. II, Ast ego uutrici non niando vota ; negalo, 40 .Iiipinter, haec illi, quainvis te albata rogarit ! Poscis opem uorvis corpusqiie fidcle senectae : Esto, age ; scil ])ingius patiiuu tucetaque crassa Aunuerc his superos vctuere Jovemqut- inorantur. Hem stniere cxoptas caeso bove Mercuriumque 45 Arcessis libra : " Da Ibrtunare penates ! Da pecus ct gregibus fetum !" Quo, pessime, pacto, Tot tibi qiium in tlamnias junicum omenta liquescaut ? Attamen hie extis et opimo vincere forto Inteudit : " Jam crescit ager, jam crescit ovile, 50 Jam dabitur, jamjam !" donee deceptus et exspes LUB. as on those of the goddess of beauty: f'lji suavcs dceilala telliis sum- mit tit fiorcs ; Lucr. i, 7 f ; " ^ te fio- riscoiio Gli erbosi prati ;'" Metastasio, Inno a Venere. 39. ' Silly old women are no Judges of what is good or evil for a child ; CS. and I would never trust a nurse to put up prayers for a child of mine.' MAD. etinmuiim optas, quod tiln optnvit nn- trix ; Sen. Ep. 60 ; omnium tibi eorutn cvntemptum opto^ quorum copiam pa- rentes optaveruut ; ib. 32; PRA. s. Her. Ep. i, 4, G fif. KG. 40. When they performed solemn sacrifices, they dressed in white ; LUB. as emblematical of puritv : Cic. Leg. PRA. Hor. S. ii, 2, 6l"; Ov. Tr. ii, 653 ff; Tib. ii, 1, 15 f. KG. [Heueethe use and the name of the alb.] 42. ' Well: there is no harm in this:' orandum est^ nt sit mens sana in cor- pore satio; Juv, x, 356. T. ' But these prayers can never take effect, so long as rich made-dishes and high-seasoned viands constitute your ordinary meals.' From the receipt which is given for making it, the tucetion appears to come very near our ' minced-meat.' suis do- minis parahat visrum fartim concisum et pulpamfrustatim cottcctam adpascua jurulenta, et quidem naribus jam mild ariolabar tucetum perqnam sapidis- simum; Apul. M. ii. It was a very savoury dish: esca regia; Fulgent. amhrosio redolent tuceta sapore ; Cal- liraor. ib. GIF. and perhaps not much unlike ' the Bologna sausage.' 43. See Hor. S. ii, 3, 28K ff. KG. Nothing but a youth of temperance is likely to ensure an old age of health. " Though I look old, yet I am strong and lusty : For in my youth I never did apply Hot and rebellious liquors in my blood ; Nor did not with unbashful forehead woo The means of weakness and debility; Thcefore my age is as a lusty winter Frosty, but kindly;" Shaksp. As You Like It, ii, 3. MAD. 44. ' Killing one's cattle is a strange way of augmenting one's stock.' L UB. Mercury was the god, to whose kind- ness they attributed any unexpected gains. LUB. Plaut. Amph. pr. PRA. Hom. 11. 3 489 ff; Hor. S. ii, 6, 4 f ; Ov. F. v, 689 f; KG. 12; v, 112; vi, 62. 45. Da; a Grecism: s. Call. H. Dian. 6; Ov. M. i, 486; Tr. 1, 1, 34. KG. After fort u?iare, understand faeulta- tes meas. L UB. 46. Aaifiovii av5j&!» ! ' most unaccount- able, or perverse!' Her. iv, 126; vii, 48. 47. See Hom. II. A 460 ; 240 ; Cat. xc, 6. KG. 48. Edtis. Virg. G. ii, 194; JE. xii, 215 f. KG. ' To carry his point.' L UB. Fertum was a cake or pudding of flour, wine, honey, 0 Vestalesquc urnas ct Tuscum fictile niutat. O oiirva! in terras anima; et cajlestium inanes ! C^uid juvat hos templis nostros immittere mores Et bona dis ex hac scelerata ducere pulpa ? Hxc sibi corrupto casiam dissolvit olivo ; toHsi Candida tcmpla dei ; sigiia pere- gritiis vbi sunt altcrna columnis Be- /ides et strictu barbarus ense pater: quceque viri ducto veteres cepere novi- que pectore, lecturis inspiciendn patent. fjiKerebani/ratres, ej'ceptis scilicet illis , qiios suns optnret non genuissc parens, yucerentem frxstra ciistos me, sedibus itli-s prcvpositus, sancto Jiissit abire loco; Ov. Tr. iii, 1, 69 ff; Id. Am. ii, 2, 4; A. A. i, 73 f. 67. Pituita is here a trisyllable. (Fasc. Poet. p. 2.) LUB. ' From gross hu- mours.' PRA. Maer. S. Sc. 3 ; Cic. Div. i, 43 ; Suet, x, 7. KG. 68. Suet. iv,52.PKy4. Ivory, marble, or bronze statues were often decorated with locks, which were literally ' jjol- den,' and with a ' beard' of the same materials. Cie. N. D. iii, 34 ; ^1. V. H. i, 20; V.Max, i, 1, 2; Luc. Tim. t. i, p. 107; Petr. 68 ; KG. [s. 28.] 69. In the time of Numa, the vessels used were of wood or earthenware. Juv. vi, 343 f. KG. That prince allowed nei- ther images nor gold to be introduced into the temples. Cic. Parad. i ; Plin. xxxiii; 11. PRA. Juv. xi, 116, note. MAD. In the golden age, the metal, after which it was designated, was un- known. LUB. Ov. A. A. ii, 277 f. The temple of Saturn, (Ov. F. i ; PRA.) was the treasury, and, from the currency, was called cerarium. In those days large sums of money were weighed and not counted ; and hence came the term d i spe7iser s. Sch. Inipulit ' supplanted.' LUB. A me- taphor from gymnastics. KG. 14. 60. Vestales ' of pottery,' because such the Vestals used. LUB. Ov. F. iii, 11 f.KG. The religious rites of the Romans came mosf !y from Tuscany ; CS. as well as much of their earthenware. Juv. xi, 109; 8. iii, 168; MAD. Plin. H. N. ixxv, 43 f ; 46. KG. 61. See Lact, Inst, ii, 2, 13 ; Ov. M. i, 84 f ; Sil. xv, 84 ff. KG. This apo- strophe and the remainder of the satire contain sentiments worthy of a Chris- tian. MAD.Thon^h Persius might have somewhat profited by the ethical dia- logue from which his subject is taken : it is certain, that a brighter gleam must have occasionally broken upon the dark- ness of his mind, than the torch of Plato ever afforded : that he was unconscious of its source, is his misfortune. What Cornutus thought of this, cannot be told ; he could not but see, however, that though the words, in this section, were those of the Porch, they were used in a more spiritual sense than the wisest and best of its sectaries ever gave them. GIF. [The metaphor is taken from Vir. E. iii, 42.] 62. ^ccffat in fioi, Til fi u(p'tXiia. rolt 6io7s \ ruy ;^a.Mit\ eZfa, ctfo rut Ouiput^ «» •Jta^ hf-oiv Xccfijieeniuinv j a f/,\* yu^ Oiioan, vavTt irikot' oioEv ya,^ iffTiv fif^it iyafof, Ti £» //.hixiTvoi^urtv a Jt 9ra^' fi/iuti Xa/yt/iu- veuri, ri uipiXoZtTai ; Plato Euthyph. 18 ; KG. quid enini inunortalibus atque beatis gratia nostra queat largirier emolument i? Lucr. v, 166 f. 63. ' And to estimate what is good to the gods, by a reference to our depraved carnal nature.' L UB. pulpa answers to the fa^l of the New Testament. MAD. 64. See vi, 36 ; Plin. H. N. xiii ; rat •Ti fii^tis Tuv ^^nfidrat oi ^uy^d^oi (pi o^as, ovafidt^ovri , Koi to (idi^ai fcirtvui xixXtixit voiriT^c (Hom. 11. A 141 ;) Plut. Symp. Q. v, t. xi ; M. Ant. de Eeb. S. vi, 30 ; (GK.) alba Jiec Assyria fucatur lana veneno.^ nee casia liqnidi corrnmpitur usus olivi ; Virg. G. ii, 465 f. (IJ Y. y.S.) KG. Both the epic poet and the satirist use the language of the old republic : they consider the oil of the country to be vitiated, instead of im- proved, by the luxurious admixture of foreign spices; the consumption of which SAT. II. OF PERSIUS. 31 65 Hffic Calabrum coxit vitiato murice vellus ; Haec baccam conchae rasisse et stringere venas Fen-entis massas crudo de piilvere jussit. Peccat et haec, peccat : vitio tamen ulitur. At vos Dicite, poutifices, in sacro quid facit aurum ? 70 Nempe hoc, quod Veneri donatae a virgine puppae. Quin damus id superis, de magna quod dare lance Non possit magni Messalae lippa propago : Compositum j us fasque animo sanctosque recessus Mentis et incoctum generoso pectus honesto : 75 Haec cedo, ut admoveam templis, et farre litabo. at Rome must have been immense at this period, since they were infused into every dish, and almost into every cup. The conclusion of this spirited passage is closely followed by Prudentius : gemma, bombyx, purpura, in carnis tisum mille quaeruntur dolis. GIF. 65. The Lydians are said to have in- vented the art of dying. Plin. vii, 56. PRA. Tarentum in Calabria produced the finest wool. Plin. H. N. viii, 48 ; ix, 61 ff; £Z75. Calp. ii, 69; iCG. s. Juv. viii, 15, note. The mured' was found in the greatest perfection off the coast of Tyre. Virg. .•£. iv, 262 ; Hor. Ep. xii, 21. MAD. 66. ' The berry of the shell' i. e. 'the pearl. 'era.wi?Ae««< etiam in senecta, conrkisque adheeresfunt, nee his avelli queunt nisi liina ; Plin. ix, 35; LUB. Hor. Ep. viii, 14 ; PRA. IE\. N. A. XV, 8. KG. Stringere ' to collect.' PRA. Venas; Juv. ix, .31. KG. 67. ' Of the fused metal (v, 10 ;) from the crude ore.' MAD. vagantur hi vc- narum canalespcr latcraputeorum (' of the shafts which miners sink') et hue i/tuc, inde nomine invento ; tellus ligneis rolumnis suspenditur. quod effossum est, tundilur. taratur, uritur, mnliturin farinnm ; Plin. H.N. xxxiii, 21. iCG. 68. ' It makes some use of its vicious propensity.' Juv. i, 49, note. KG. 69. In sacro i. f. U /j^ • in a temple.' C'.S. 8. Juv. xi. 111 ff. KG. 70. Girls, when they were grown up and became marriageable, offered ' wax dolls to Venus :' Varro ; Sch. AX. Lact. Inst, ii, 4, 13; Hor. S. i, 6, 66; (Sch.) KG. that she mipht in return bless their nuptial couch with real babies. PRA. 71. The entrails of victims were of- fered in these dishes. On the size of them, s. Plin. H. N. xxxiii, 52. KG. 72. Some degenerate descendant of M. Valerius Corvinus Messala, Juv. viii, 5; who was seven times consul, Sch. Macr. i, 6, fin. PRA. Lippa denotes ' morally blind.' L UB. i, 79. KG. If Messala had any phy- sical defect in his eyes, would Persius have thought fit to taunt him with it ? s. i, 128, note. Unless (with Pi?^.) we attribute this disease to a life of intem- perance ; which would alter the case : s. Arist. Eth. iii, 5 ; s. also v, 77- 73. Compoiitum 'harmoniously blend- ed.' Jus comprehends ' our duty to our neighbour,' fas ' our duty to God ;' CS. or JUS ' what is enacted by hu- man laws,' and fas ' what is enacted by the divine law.' PRA. Sanctos ' holy,' ' without pollution.' LUB. Recessus : ra x^u^Ta ra* aiff^avaf Romans ii, 16; Jli^D. Theoc. xxviii, 3. KG. In this passage Persius may be more easily admired than translated. His lines are not only the quintessence of sanctity, but of language. Closeness would cramp and paraphrase would enfeeble their sense ; which may be felt, but cannot be expressed. GIF. 74. ' Imbued:' lixaixrvti^ fii/ictfi/tiioi) lit licc^or MA D. Ant. de Reb. S. iii, 4 ; Lact. Inst, vii, 21, 6; a metaphor from a fleece that is died. L UB. Virg. G. iii, 307. MAD. 75. The {)oor s>ibstituted * salted meal' for frankincense. Plin. xviii, 3; LUB. Virg. JE. v, 745. MAD. 3-2 THE SATIRES OF PERSIUS. SAT. II. Litare is * to perform a sacrifici' auspiciously.' LUli. finii tiic Jiipitrr faciaty nt scmprr sacrificnn ^ lire iim- quam litviii ; Plaut. Pa?n. ii, 42 ; J^iv. xxxviii, 20. PEA. It is pleasing to observe with what jiidfjemcnt Horace has adapted a similar thought to the plain understandinf? ofliis vilhifie maid : imminiis iiraiii si tvtigit miuii/s, non Siimtiiosa hiaiiilior finstia timllihit avrr- sos Penates fnrrr pio et snlieiite mica; Od. iii, 23, 1" ff. S>eneca too says well, (and Persius probably had it in his thoughts,) tiec iti victimis, licet opimee sint, auroque preefidgeaitt, deoriim est hanos ; sed pia et recta vo/iaitate vene- rantinm : itaque boni etiamfarre acfic' tilt rr/igifisisiint,8yc. (7 IF. And again : priiiiKS est (leuriim cidtiis, deos credere : delude reddcre ill is mnjcstateiu sKani, rcddere louilateM, sine qua nulla ma- jestas est : scire illos esse, qniprasident miDido, qui iiniversa vi sua touperant, qui Ituuiani generis tutelam gernnt in- terdiim curiosi singiilorum. vis deos propitiare ? bonus csto. satis illos colnit, qiiisqiiis iniitalKs est ; Ep. 95 ; s. Plat. Ale. ii, t. V, p. 99; Virg. .E.viii, 102; Prop, iii, 3, 1 7 ; Ov. Tr. i, 2, 75 ; Pont, iv, 8, 29; V. Max. ii, 5, 5. KG. Litare is also ' to obtain that for which you sacrifice ;' v, 120 ; MAD. Livy xxiii, 36, 2. SATIRE IIJ ARGUMENT. The whole of this Satire manifests an earnest desire to reclaim the youthful nobility from their idle and vicious habits. It opens not unhappily. A professor of the Stoic school abruptly enters the bed-room of his pupils, whom he finds asleep at mid-day; 1 . .6. Their confusion at this detection, 7.. 9, and their real indolence amidst an affected ardour for study, 10.. 14, are exposed; and the fatal consequences of such thought- less conduct is beautifully illustrated by apt allusions to the favourite topics of the Porch ; 1 5 . . 24. The preceptor, after a brief ebullition of contempt, points out the evils to which the neglect of philosophy (i. e. the stijdy of virtue) will expose them, and overthrows the objections which they raise against the neces- sity of severe application, on account of their birth and fortune; 24. .30. In a sublime and terrible apostrophe, he pourtrays the horrors of that late remorse which must afflict the vicious, when they contemplate the fallen state to which the neglect of wisdom has consigned them; 31 . .43. He then describes, in a lighter tone, the defects of his own education, 44.. 51, and shows that the persons whom he addresses are without this apology for their errors, 52.. 65; he points out, with admirable brevity and force, the proper pursuits of a well-regulated mind, 66.. 76, and teaches them to despise the scorn of the vulgar and the rude buffoonery of wanton ignorance, 77.. 87: lastly, he introduces a lively apologue of a glutton, who, in spite of advice, perseveres in his intemperance till he becomes its victim, 88.. 106; concluding with an apposite ap])lication of the fable (after the fashion of the Stoics) to a diseased mind ; 107. .118. The Satire and its moral may be fitly summed up iu the solemn injunc- tion of a wiser man than the Schools ever produced: " Wisdom is the principal thing ; therefore get Wisdom ;" Proverbs iv, 7. GIF. M THE SATIRES SAT. III. " Nempe hoc assidue .? Jam clarum mane fenestras Intrat ct angustas cxtcndit linnine rimas." " Stortinms, indomitum qiiod dcspumare Falernum Sulliciat." " Quiuta dinu linea tangitur umbra ! — 5 En quid agis ? Siccas iusana canicula messes Jam dudum coquit et patula pecus omne sub ulmo est. Unus ait comituui. " Veiumne ? itane ? Ocius adsit Hue aliquis ! — Ncmon ?" Turgescit vitrea bilis ; 1. See Ov. Am. i, 13, 17 f; Aus. Eph. i, 1 tt". KG. From the manner in which the speaker announces himself, he appears to have been a domestic tutor to some of the young nobility. With the decay of literature and the empire, the authority of these private instructors declined ; 7iiinc viderc est pliilusophos idtro currcre, xt doccant, ad foras jitveitum divifitm, eosfjue ill sedcre atque operiri prope ad meridiem, donee discipidi vocturnum omne vinum edormiant ; Gel. x, 6. GIF. Mane is here used as a noun. L UB. Macr. S. i, 3; Gell. iii, 2. PRA. Their vrindows were closed with ' shutters,' which were either of solid hoard or of lattice-work. Hor. Od. i, 25, l.(JC.) KG. 2. Exteiidit ' makes them appear wider.' PRA. Pron. i, 3, 31 f; Virg. JE.. iii, 152 f. KG. " 3. ' To digest the froth or scum of the wine fermenting in the stomach.' L UB, 'Falernian:' Juv. iv, 138, note; Cat. XXV, 2. KG. 4. ' It wants but an hour to noon, according to the sun-dial.' LUB. ["Thesuu isupthree rods, is to say that you are late:'' Illustrations of Men and Things in China, in the Chinese Repository, vol. x, p. 50.] On the day and its divisions among the ancients, s. Plin. H. N. ii, 76 f ; vii, 60 ; iMacr. S. i, 3. ROD. AX. The in- \entor of sun-dials (according to Pliny) was Anaximeiies ; according to D. Laertius, Vitruvius, and others, it was Anaximniider. The}' were introduced at Rome in the first Punic war ; but they were known earlier in the east : II Kings XX ; s. S. Hicron. on Isaiah; PRA. »a) yx^ yiufiLut ffxia^ii fiifnt rhr Tiyjf (ftiren tou ^dXttil' KD.) Luc. Lexiph. t. ii, p. 320. KG. The Ro- mans used a natural day, dividing the time from sunrise to sunset into twelve equal parts or hours : which would only equal our hours i!i length, when the days and nights are equal ; that is, when the sun rises and sets at six pre- cisely. Cens. de D. N. 24. HOL. Eleven o'clock was the dinner hour among sober people: Sosia, praiiden- dinn est: quavtam jam tot us in lioram sol calet ; ad f/)/i/ifam Jlectitur iniihra notam : Aus. Eph. L. O. C. 1 f. Scipio Nasica introdueeis, unde vi- deatur pulcritudo justitiee. queedam ergo est pulcritudo j'ustificE, quam vi- demus oculis cordis, et amamus, et ex- ardescimus, ^-c. S. Aug. on Psalm Ixiv ; PRA. si virtus humanis oculis conspi- ceretur, miros amores excitaret sui ; Sen. MAD. h (p^onnri} eli^ e^araf ^ti*aus ya^ asv trasti^^iv i^airas |< Toiourof tuvrns lia^yiS iThaiXot Tra^it^iro lis o'4'iv liv' Plat. Pha,'dr. s. Cic. Utf. i, 5. 1 n t a b e s ci t q u e videndo s/irccssus homi7iu)u ; Ov. M. ii, 780 f; CS. vir- tutem incolumem odimus ; stiblatam ex SAT. in. OF PERSIUS. 39 Anne magis Siculi gemuerunt wra juvenci 40 Et magis auratis pendens laqueaiibus ensis Purpureas subter cervices teiTuit, " Imus, Imus prajcipites" quam si sibi dicat et intus Palleat iufelix, quod proxinia nesciat uxor ? Saepe oculos, memiui, tangebam parvus olivo, 45 Gi'andia si nollem morituvi verba Catonis Discere, non sane multum laudanda magistro, Quae pater adductis sudans audirct amicis. oculis gueerimus invidi ; Hor. Od. iii, 24, 31 f ; PRA. s. v, 61. 39. Jnvidia Sieii/i non invenere ty- raniti iiia/i/x tormentum ; Hor. Ep. i, 2, 58 f. LUB. Perillus an Athenian artist, to gratify the savage cruelty of Phalaris the tyrant of Agrigentum, fabricated the brazen bull, and, as a just reward for his ingenuity, was con- demned to make the first trial of its tor- tures. FAR. PeriUum nemo laudat, seei'iorem Phalaride fi/ratuto, qxti tau- rum fecit, mugittts liominis poUicitns igne subdito, et primxs eum expert us cruciatu))ijustiores(Bi'itia; Plin. xxxiv, 8 ; PRA. nee vera uUa vis imperii tarda est, f/iiee, premeute metii, possit esse diuturna. testis est Phalaris, cujus est prcBtcr ceteras nohilitata crudelitas : iti quern iiniversa Agrigentinorum multi- tudo impetum fecit ; Cic. OfiF. ii, 7; Juv. xiii, 192 ff; KG. id. xv, 123, note; MAD. and i, 71, note. 40. Damocles, an outrageous flatterer of Dionysius of Syracuse, professed to believe that the sum of human happine.«3 was comprised in regal state. The ty- rant, (for all tyrants delight in practical jests,) to give him a convincing proof of it, caused hiin to be clothed in purple and served with a magnificent banquet at his own table. So far all was ad- mirable : but immediately over the head of the mock monarch glittered a naked sword, suspended by a single horse-hair. Damocles lost both his taste and ap- petite at the sight, and for a time, no doubt, enjoyed all the felicity of a real despot. Cic. T. Q. v, 9, 20 f ; .Macr. S. So. i, 10. dist rictus ensis rui super inipia rcrvice pendet, non Sicu/w dopes dulreui elaljoruljunt sanorem ; Hor. Od. iii, 1, 17 ff. LUIi. PRA. GIF. Laquenr wa.s a ceiling, divided into square sunk panels adorned with carv- ing, gilding, and paintings. Hor. Od. ii, 16, 11. JC. LUB. 41. Imus ! s. Juv. x, 94, note. PRA. 42. Iltc dcmens, et jampridcm a d poe nam ex iti u m que praeceps ; Cic. de Har. E. 24. 43. Strangulat inclusus dolor, atque eueesfuat intus; Ov. Tr. v, 1, 63; PRA. mediasque fraudes palluit au- dax; Hor. Od. iii, 27, 27 f. MAD. The torments of a guilty conscience are well depicted by Cicero, S. Rose. Am. 24 ; and Pis. 20. KG. " And withers at the heart, and dares not show His bosom wife, the secret of his woe !" GIF. 44. ' I used to touch my eyes with oil, to make the master believe that they were sore.' LUB. s. Ov. A. A. i, 662. {BU.) KG. 45. Ca^fjof Utica; who sided with the party of Pompey even in their defeat^ and after deliberation slew himself to avoid falling into Caesar's hands, victrix causa dcis placuit sed victa Catoni; Luc. i, 128 ; PRA. Sen. Ep. 24. On this sort of exercise, see Quint. Inst, ii, 4 ; Juv. i, 16, note. KG. " It must be so. Plato, thou reason'st well ! &c." Addison, Cato : which speech, with a translation of it by Bland, will be found in the Spectator, No. 628. 46. ' My old master (Petr.55;) showed no great sense, either in setting a diild such a task, KG. or in the extravagant encomiums which he used to pass upon the tra.sh when concocted and spouted.' MAD. Praise is very useful, when ad- ministered with judgement: taudata virtus crescit, et inimcnsum gloria cat- car hubet; Ov. Pont, iv, 2, 35 f. VUA. 47. These declamations took place every week. Quint, ii, 7; x, 5. PRA. ' Perspiring with anxietv.' s Stat. S. v, 3, 215 ff. KG. 40 THE SATIRES SAT. III. Jure : ctenini id sumimini, quid dexter scnio ferret, Scire erat in voto ; damnosa canicula quantum 50 Radoret ; angusta^ collo non fallier orcac; ; Neu quis callidior buxuni toniuerc ilagello. llaud tibi inexpertuni curves deprcndere mores, Qua^que docet sapiens bracatis illita Medis 48. ' Anil well he inifiht.' MAD. The fa//ts was a cube, (except that it haJ only four flat sides : the two others, which were opposite, being rounded) with figures on four of the sides : the numbers were the ace (it)iio, or canis), the trey {feniio),the cater {i/itntcr?iio), and the sice (aw^'o), which was opposite to the ace. The ace was a losing throw, the sice a winning one: nisi parva fdicitas tibi vidctnr vinrerc alca, et cum aliis in unionem cvoivitiir, tibi semper senionem emergere ; Isid. xviii, 6G. They did not play with a pair of dice, as we do, but with four. Augustus in a letter to Tiberius mentions the game: inter cwnam Ittsimiis yi^ov-riKus : talis cnim Jacfatis, ut ijiiisqiic ranem ant senionem miserat, in sing/i/os talos sin- gnlus ilcnarios in medium, con/erebat , (juos tollebat nniversos qni Venercmje- cerat ; Suet, ii, 71; [s. Hor. O. ii, 7, 25. (Sch. CQ.)] Venus was when ace, trey, cater, and sice were thrown at one cast: firihivcs i^T^nyaXovpntrovTos Irtf (rX.'^fj.a.Tr Luc. Am. t. ii, p. 415; Ov. A. A. ii, 204 If; Tr. ii, 471 ff: canes or canicula is supposed to be when all four turned up the same. Herodotus attributes the invention of the game to the Lydians, i, 26; s. AX., iii, 21; ROD, XX, 27 ; T, v, 6 ; xxvii, 3 ; KT, pt. 2, bk. V, p. 249; Sen. Apoc. 134. {FM.) CS. PR A. AD. KG. GIF. It would seem that there were different ways of playing with the tnli, as there are a great variety of games at cards ; that of Augustus seems to have been not much unlike our te-totum, (with the let- ters P, T, N, H ;) for every ace or sice they put so many sixpences into the pool (P); caters and treys either went for no- thing (N), or for taking up so many six- pences ; and Venus was (T) take up all. In the game referred to in the text, what was taken up or put down appears (as at Loo) to have depended on the state of the pool, and therefore tlie subjunctive mnoAs ferret ami raileret are used. .OO. Riuleret^ Mart, xiii, i, 5, ff ; KG. is a very expressive word to denote the sweeping of the stakes. The next sport was a superior kind of cherrypit, where the boys, instead of pitching cherry-stones into a hole in the ground, chucked nuts into a jar : (Hor. S. ii, 4, 66;) vas qnoifue sape cavimi spatiu (listante locatnr, in r/uod missa levi nujc cadit nna manu ; Ov. Nux, 85 f; LUH. PR A. Hor. S. ii, 7, 17; KG. h T ^i T a KaXoufiivYt rraihia yiynirat /jiiv us TO troXu S/ ao'TjtyaXwv, oil aipiinTts trre^u^ovrai (iiS^ou titos tU u-reiSo^hv Tni •roXXixif Vi Koi ixuXms xa) (iakayicis dvr) Tuv do'Tpu.yaXwv oi fi'^rovuris l^Quivro Poll, ix, 7, 103. CS. 51. ' The whipping-top' made of ' box,' SVL. Virg. ^.\ii, 378 ff; and Tib. i, 5, 3. (HY.) PRA. 52. Cnrvos ' which deviate from the straight rule of right.' MAD. ' You are no child : you ought to know better than to waste your time in trifles. What end do you propose to yourself?' s. Hor. Ep. i, 18, 96 ff; Epict. .50. KG. 53. The epithet sapiens is transferred from the philosophers to their place of meeting. LUB. s. Hor. S. ii, 2, 43 ff. KG. Bracatis; Juv. ii, 169, note; MAD. Xen. Cyr. viii, 3, 13; Ml. V. H. xii, 32. (PER.) KG. 'H Tcixirn ffTca. ' painted' by Mycon and Ills son Polygnotus, with the battles of the Greeks against the Medes and Persians. LUB. s. Laert. vii, 5; Plin. H. N. xxxv, 9; Diod. vi, 9; Herod. Plut. V. 25, 4 ; PRA. Imic (Miltiadi) talis honos tributus est in porticu, qnce poe cil e vocatur, quum pugna dcpingeretnr Marathonis ; ut in decern priis paleo nmhi- ;i'ii.s Y ; A us. 1(1. xii. 57. M«»je,- Si x.a) 6(>6io( tlfios' Hes. O. I). 288. s. Juv. X, 30J f. KG. 58. ' And are you still snoring, and nodding, and gaping ?' LUB. 59. Oscitando eeaporaf et edonnit hestcrnam crapidam ; Mart. MAD. 60. ' Instead of any definite aim,' (Cic. de Fin. imam semel, ad inistii, t-t causas co<;noscile reiuni ; <^iii(l smnus r ct (jiiidiiani victuvi gi^niniur ? ordi) (■iiiis dalus ? ant ineta' (jua mollis llcxus ct uncle ? (^uis modus argcnlo ? quid las optarc ? quid aspov lUilo nuinus liabct ? patiiju carisquo propinquis (Quantum clargiii deceat ? quern to deus esse Jussit? et humana qua parte locatus es in re ? Disce ; ncque invideas, quod niulta iidelia putet lenrn,fioin the clilor Pliny, that a ])hy- siciau in repute made nearly as much money by his practice, in lionie, as is now made by the most popular of the profession with us: he notices several whose fees amounted to five or six thou- sand a year. GIF. PliA. 66. Fcliv (jui pufidt rernjii cog>ioscerc causas; Viru;. G. ii, 490; LUB. s. S. Aug. Civ. D. ii, 6; PRA. Hor. Ep. i, 2, 67 tr; 18, 96 ff. R. in what follows, besides the Greek philosophers, the poet had in view Cicero and perhaps Seneca. From the treatise t/e Fhiibiis he has drawn largely. He has, however, expressed the sense of his eloquent but word}- masters with admirable force and brevity, and has given a beautiful sum- mary of the pure ethics of his school. GIF. 67. Tiud fftavrir Juv. xi,27. PRA. On self-knowledge, s. Plat. Ale. i, t. v, p. 56, 65 ; itn(///t:, //i/aii/u)/i j)Ossif»ii/s, ab ilia fortinin resil/n)iii/s, f/uoil sola prcEstabit sui natiiract. iii, 5 ; and philosophice eversor ; Cic. Ac. His life is said not to have been a very regular one. Laert. iv, 40. PRA. MAD. KG. " Or cet ArcesUas, tout habile f/u''it etoif^ avoit le defaut d'etre fort petidnnt dans le dispute, et d etablir pour principe (/u'on ne pouvoit rieii savoir.'' It might perplex a plain- dealing man to account for such a person's disputing at all. He wa-s, however, a very subtle caviller. GIF. Solon, the Athenian legislator, was reckoned one of the seven sages of Greece. LUB. Her. i, 29, note 16. 80. ' With their heads on one shoulder.' LUB. Hor. S. ii, 5, 92 ; KG. Stat. S. v, 1, 140; by hypallage for Jigentes lumina in terrain; the other form, which is not so strong an expression, occurs, Virg. .'E. vi, 469; Ov. M. xiii, 541 ; Tr. iv, 2, 29. Xxxnairai you* ret (viiAHOi Ti 0]mlus ri(]et nmltuniie)u suDiit in ira, cioii ferviscit, el ex oriilis niieatacriiiisardor: estelfriyida itndla comes fortiiidinis aura; qua: del hor- ror em in iiiembris, et coucitat arlus; Luer. iii, 289 tf. 1 1 7- Ardelmnt oculi et ex toto corpore criidrlitas cmic(d)al ; Cie. Verr. 7; ex itloriim liDiiiiiibiis scintillee emicant, flaitrnice ceshiaiil, anlielum jiectus spi- rifioii Jacil (\v ore,lS-r; Ai'n. i ; PRA. Horn. II. A 10} : A 662; Ov. A. A. iii, 503 f. KG. 118. See Hor. S. ii, 3. MAD. SATIRE IV. AR(UJiMENT. This Satire (of which many have supposed Nero to he the ohjet-t) is founded on the first Ak-ihiades of Plato ; and many of the expressions are closely copied from that celebrated dialogue ; 1 ff. It naturally arranges itself under three heads, the first of which treats of the preposterous ambition of those who aspired to take the lead in state ali'airs, before they had learned the first principles of civil government ; 1..22. The second division, which is of singular merit, and possesses a rich vein of strong but appropriate humour, and acute reasoning, turns on the general neglect of self-examination; 23 f; it enforces, at the same time, the ne- cessity of moral purity, from the impossibility of escaping detection; and points out the policy of restraining all wanton propensity to exaggerate others' foibles, from its tendency to provoke severe recrimination on our- selves; 25.. 46. The conclusion, or third part, reverts to the subject with which the Satire opens, and arraigns, in terms of indignant severity, the profligacy of the young nobility, and their sottish vanity in resting their claims to appro- bation on the judgement of a worthless rabble; 46. .52. GIF. To read this Satire, may he useful to the young. It may help to correct petulance; it may serve to warn inexperience. It may teach the youthful statesman, that, even in remote times, and in small states, government was considered as a most difficult science. It may show the high-born libijrtine, that, in proportion as the sphere in which he moves is wide and brilliant, are his conduct and character conspicuous, and his follies ridi- culous; DMD [St Matthew v, 14.] 18 THE SATIRES SAT. IV. Rem p()]iuli tiactas ? (barbalmn hoc credo magistiuin Dicere, sorbitio tollil quein dira cicutic :) Quo fretus } die, o niagni pii])ille Povieli ! Scilicet ingeniiun et rcruni pnidentia velox 5 Ante ])ilos venit, dicenda tacciidaquc callcs. Erjj:o ubi coinniota feivct plebccula bile, Fert animus calidie lecisse silentia turbaj Majestate nianus. Quid deindc loquere .'' — " Quirites, 1. ' Do you presume to take the reins of sTOvernmeut into your hands?' DEN. Alcibiades s;iys of Socrates : " avxyxd^u fii ofioXeyuv , on voXXov Ivdihs at ahro; iTt, 1/u.auTtiu f/\* ifiiXw, to, o ' Afnuaiuv ■r^drTu-' Plato Symp. 32. KG. Barbatiim: s. Juv. xiv, 12; iv, 103; Lucian often ; Hor. S. ii, 3, 16 ff. KG. Socrates was accounted the father of philosophy, and prince of philosophers: Cic. Fin.'ii, 1 ; N. D. ii, l(i7; T. Q. iii, 8; V, 10. PR A. 2. Juv. xiii, 185 f, notes ; MAD. id. vii, 205 f, notes; Sen. Ep. 13; KG. Plin. xiv, 5; s. Ap. As. Aur. x; Plat. Sec. Ap. Lact. V, 15 ; Ath. xiii ; Socrates concitafis i/iimicitiis, calumniosa cri- minatione dnvi/iad/s, morte mnlctatus est. scd eiim jiostea ilia ipsa, ijuai publicc damnaverat, Atheiuensiioti ci- vifas publice luxit : in duos ejus aeexi- satures itsf/ue adco populi indignatione conversa, ut uiius eorum oppressus vi multitudinis interirct, e.rsilio autcm volunfario atv, lie ^uiofi.tt.)f^r,i yiyoiui TYii MiyciKXiovs' 1 lut. V. xi, 1. The AkiiKi'oiiidic were one of the noblest and wealthiest families in Athens, and were the most iniiueutial aeents in the expulsion of the Pisistra- tidffi ; Her. iv, 92 f. KG. Suffia ' putf away !' ' You do well to be proud of it.' PEA. s. Juv. viii, 46. KG. Can did ii s et fa/oa a verticepulcher ad imos; Hor. Ep. ii, 2, 4. MAD. 21. ' Old goody Baucis in her tatter'd gown,' (The name occurs; Ov. M. viii, 640 fa.s : prupriis repletam vitiis post tergum dedit,alienis ante pectus suspendit gravem. Iiac re viflcre nostra tnala )ion possnmus ; alii .'iiniul delin(/uunt, censores snmus ; Pha-d. iv, 10; MAD. LUB. tu autem tarn lalioriosus es, ut post te non respi- cias ? in alio pedurlum vidi's ; in te ri- cium non vides9 Petr. 57 ; Hor. S. i, 3, 25 f; Sen. Ag. 270 If; KG. nostram per am non videntes, aliorum, juxta Persium, manticam consideramus ; S. Hier. Ep. 91 ; no7i videmus idmanticce, (juod in tergo est ; Cat. xxii, 21 . PRA. KG. MAD. L UB. [St Matthew vii, 3ff.] 25. 26. 27. Qufcsieris ' if one ask.' KG, Juv. ix, 55. PRA. Jsti qui cunt geniis suis bellige- rant parcijtromi ; Plaut. True, i, 2, 81 ; FRA. ' . .„ . xiv, 1 ii, 3; Juv. i, 49 f; x, 3, 8 MAD. Hor. S. iv, 19, 15. KG. 129; 123; Pha^dr. 28. This festival {compitalia; Gell. X, 24;) was one of great celebrity; a kind of rustic saturnalia; Tib. ii, 7; Maer. S. i, 14. It was held after the seed-season, on a day annually named by the pra;tor, but generally on or about the second of January. On the morn- ing of this day, the peasantry as- sembled near the cross-roads, probably for the advantage of space: here they erected a tree somewhat in the manner of our maypoles, on which the idle plough and yoke were hung, or, as some say, broken up. Tib. ii, 1. Under this tree, some slight shed appears to have been raised, where they sacrificed, (Gell. i, 22; G.) feasted, and gave them- selves up to riotous mirth and jollity. J)ionys. iv, 14. The orij^in of this SAT. IV. OF PKRSIUS. 51 Seriolae veterem raetaens deradere linium 30 Iiigemit hoc bene sit ! tunicatuui cinn sale mordens Ceepe, et, farrata pueris plaudentibus olla, Pannosam faecem morientis sorbet aceti." At si unctus cesses et figas in cute solem, Est prope te ignotus, cubito qui tangat et acre 35 Despuat in mores, penemque arcanaque lumbi Runcantem populo marcentes pandere vulvas. " Tu quum maxillis balanatum gausape pectas, festival, which was probably, at first, an expression of pious gratitude, is lost in antiquity. The Roman writers refer it to one of their kings, according to custom ; and as a god was also neces- sary, they fixed upon the lares compi- talitii; Ov. F. v, 140; Suet, ii, 31. Sch. CS. LVB. PRA. KG. GIF. It somewhat resembled our harvest-home. MAD. Pertusa 'pervious.' Calp. iv, 12G. KG. 29. Serias omnes relevi ; Ter. Heaut. iii, 1, 51; (s. Hor. Od. i, 20, 2 f. PRA.) The diminutive marks his ava- rice ; as does the epithet veterem. CS. 30. The solemn grace, which the old miser pronounces, indicates the extra- ordinary good cheer which was forth- coming. BR. Tib. ii, I, 31; Plaut. Stich. V, 4, 27; (LM.) PR J. Petr. 3.5 ; 65 ; Hor. S. ii, 6, 4 ; Ov. F. iv, 299. KG. The ecstasies of the boys are to the same efl"ect. CS. ' With all its coats.' PRA. 31. See Juv. xiv, 171. PRA. 32. [A miserly person endeavoured to dissuade a guest from trying his small beer by saying, '' I am afraid you will find it dead." " I should not be at all surprised,'' said the friend, " for it was verj- bad indeed when I last dined wi th you."] 'He swills the mo thery dregs ofdead vinegar,' i.e. the sour wine which was the drink of those who could afford Bomething more than water; answering to our small beer. The mould had formed a thick cake on the top, like a woollen rag. Every word is empliatic. acre potet ueet>im\ Hor. S. ii, 3, IKi f. T. CS. MAD. [Ruth ii,14.] 33. ' If you lounge away your time.' ». 18. KG. 34. ' Somebody or other, whom per- haps you little think of.' LUB. AUquis cub it stantem prope tangens inquiet; Hor. S. ii, 5, 42 f. PRA. 35. Spitting was a sign of aversion and detestation. LUB. Plaut. As. i, 1,26. .29; PRA. Theoc.vi, 39; xx, 11 ; Tib. i, 2, 96; Luc. Icar. t. ii, p. 786. KG. In the following passage it is deeply to be regretted that a poet, who is universally represented as un- tainted by the gross sensuality of the age when he wrote, should have so far complied with its fashions as to use, in the exposure of the vices which he re- probates, language which will hardly admit of paraphrase. CS. The most malicious construction is put by this slanderer upon the effemi- nate anxiety of the young nobility to render their persons smooth and sleek, (s. Juv. viii, 16; ix, 12 fF; Arist. N. 1005; 1079; Cone. 129; KG.) and to lay bare what nature intended to con- ceal, fruges consumere nati, sponsi Penelopee, nehulones, Alcinoiqiie, ifi cute c u r a n (I a plus aqao ope- rata,ji(venti> s ; Hor. Ep. i, 2, 27 ff. 37. ' While you comb the false beard, perfumed with essences, which yon wear upon your cheeks and chin.' PSW. Suet, viii, 11 ; Mart, x, 42 ; Tac. A. XIV, L. Aupr. Civ. D. iv, 1; 518 f; Mart, ii, 36, 3 f. exc. B Ov. A. A. KG. Maxillis; Mart, viii, 47. MS2\ Prcssa tuis bnlanas capiltis Jnmdu iliiin 'ijtiiil )iif est: Hor. Od. iii, 29, 4 xxiii, 5, 4 ; xiii, 1, 4. {JN.) CS. Plin. PRA. Gausape ' shag.' vi, 46 ; PRA. Hor. S. ii, 8, 11 ; Mart, xiv, 1.38. KG. 52 THE SATIUi:S SAT. IV Inguinibus quave detonsus guvgiilio exstut ? (Juiiunu' i)al;vstvitiu licet luvc plantaria vellaut 40 Elixas(jno nates labelaetent forcipe adunca, Non tamen ista filix ulk) maiisuescit aratro." Caulimus inqiic vicem pia;bemus crura sagittis : Vivilur hoc pacto : sic novimus. Ilia subter Cxcmn vulmis liabes ; sed lato balteus auro 45 Prretegit. Ut mavis, da verba et dccipe nervos, Si potes. " P^gregium quum rue vicinia dicat, Non credam ?" Viso si ])alles, iniprobe, numo ; Si iacis, in pcncm quidquid tibi venit amarum ; Si puteal multa cautus vibice flagellas ; 38. Gurgiilio is properly what anato- mists call the uvula, which hangs from the back part of the palate. L UB. 31). "In -vain: shoukl five athletic knaves essay To pluck, {runcare) with cea.«eless care, the weeds away. Still the rank fern, congenial to the soil, Would spread luxuriant, and defeat their toil." GIF. The palastrita were probably the servants v. ho trained the youug gentlemen in the private schools of exercise. Mart, iii, 58, 25. KG. 40. ElLvas ' sodden' refers to the con- stant use of the hot bath. LUB. Mart, iii, 7, 3. KG. 41. On the stubborn nature of ' fern,' s. Virs:. G. ii, 239; (FO.) 264; Juv. ix, 15. KG. 42. ' We are more bent upon finding flaws in our neighbour's reputation ; than in raising our own above the reach of detraction.' LUB. ' We are so in- tent upon wounding our antagonist, that we leave our own weak parts un- guarded.' A metaphor from gladiators. Hor. Ep. ii, 2, 97; PRA. HY, exc. viii, on ^n. vii. KG. 43. ' Thus have we been taught :' LUB. or ' thus have we found it to be.' DBN. 44. The metaphor is again taken from gladiators, who, when they re- ceived a wound, endeavoured to conceal it from the view of the spectators, by drawing over it their broad belt. Sch. It may also allude to power and wealth, which serve to blind the eyes of the world to many infirmities and faults. CS. s. Virg. JE. V, 312 f; xii, 942 f. PBA. 45. Ut mavis; Hor. S. i, 4, 21. PRA. Da verba; iii, 19, note. MAD. ' Deceive your own senses and powers.' s. Hor. Ep. i, 16, 21. PRA. MAD. 46. Vicinia; Hor. S. ii, 5, 106. PRA. 47. To the forming a correct estimate of our own weak points, i/liid prcEcipue inipedit, quod cito nobis placcmus ; si inveninms qui no.s bonos viros dicat, qui prudentes,(jui sanctos, agnoscimns. nee sumus modica lauddtione confenti; quidquid in nos adu/aiio sine pudore congessit, taniquam debitum prendi- nius ; opt in/OS nos esse, sapientissintos affirntaniibus assentimur, cum sciamus illos scepe mentiri ; Sen. Ep. 59. Al- cibiades owned that he had often suf- fered from flattery; Plat. Conv. 32. KG. Viso S)-e. s. iii, 109 flF; Juv. viii, 9 ff; 135 ff. KG. 48. ' Into your lustful mind.' KG. 49. The signification of this line is obscure ; and a great diversity of opinion exists among the commentators. From the several interpretations proposed, I have ventured to select the following. ' If, with all due precaution for your own personal security, you render your- self the scourge of the forum by con- stantly beating and wounding those who pass through it after dark.' Q, Volusio, P. Scipione coss, otium foris, fcsda domi lascivia : qua Nero itinera urbis ct Inpanaria et diverticula, veste servili in dissimulationetn sui composi- tus, pererrabat , comifantibvs qvi rape- SAT. IV. OF PERSIUS. 53 50 Nequidquam populo bibulas donaveris aures. Kespue, quod nou es : toUat sua munera cerdo ; Tecum liabita: iioiis, quam sit tibi curta supellex. rent venditioni exposita et obviis vulnera in/errenf, adversus ignaros adeo, nt ipse quoque acciperet ictus et ore pree- f er ret. .. .Nero auiem metuentior in posterum, milites sibi et pleroscjue gladiatores circumdedit : qui riaarum initia modica et quasi privata sinerent : si a Icesis vaiidius agereticr, anna in- Jerrent ; Tac. A. xiii, 25; petulan- tiam, libidinem, luxuriam, avaritiam, erudelitatem,. . .velut juvenili errore, exercuit. . . .post crepusculum statim arreptu pileo vel galero popinas inibat : circuinque vicos vagabatur /udibundus, nee sine pernicie tamen. siquidtm red- euntes a cwna verherare, ac repng- nantes vulnerare, cloacisque demergcre assueverat . . . .ac seepe in ejusmodi rixis, oculorum et vitce periculum adiit^ a quodani laticlavio, cujus uxorem at- trectaverat, prope ad necem ccesus. quare numquani postea se publico illud horte sine Irihunis commisit, procul et oceulte subsequenfibus ; Suet, vi, 26; CS. PR J. MAD. s. Juv. iii, 278.. 304, notes. GIF. Puteal literally means ' the cover of a well.' It was a small inclosure in the Coruitium^ the most frequented part of the Forum. It contained a low-raised piece of masonry, and appears to have been sometime? used as an altar. "When, or why, it was railed in, was a matter of uncertainty even in Cicero's time ; though he supposed the famous rasor and whet-stone of the augur Ntevius was deposited there ; Div. i, 1 7 ; 32 ; Liv. i, 36. There was another, called the puteal of Libo, in the Julian portico near the Fabian Arch : Fest. xvii, p. 487; SM. GIF. Dionys. iii, end; Cic. for Sext. 18; Hor. "Ep. i, 19, 8 ; S. ii, 6, 35. PRA. 50. Sed vercor tie cuide te plus quam tibi credas ; Hor. Ep. i, 16, 19. PRA, Bibulas. s.Hor.Od. ii, 13,32 ; PRA. Prop, iii, 4, 8. (BU.) KG. 51. " Fling the rabble back their vile applause." GIF. Mart, iii, 16 ; stultus lionores stepe dat indignis ; Hor. S. i, 6, 15 f; PRA. Juv. iv, 153, note. MAD. 52. See i, 7- CS. si perpcndere te voles, sepone pecuniam, donium, digni- tatem ; intus te ipse consule ; Sen. Ep. 80; teipsum concute; Hor. S. i, .3, 34 f ; S. ii, 7, 1 12; tuo tibijudicio est utendmn: tibi si recte probanti pkwebis, turn non modo tu te viceris, sed omnes et omnia ; Cic. T. Q. ii, 63. PRA. S A r 1 R K V. ARGUMENT. The poetical aud philosophical claims of Persius rest, in some measure, upon this poem; and it is but justice to say that they are not ill supported by it. The Satire consists of two parts; the first expressive of the poet's deep and grateful sense of the kindness of his friend and instructor, Cornutus, 1 . • 29 ; with a beautiful summary of the blessings derived from his wisdom and goodness; 30. .64. The second part is a laboured and ostentatious display of our poet's pro- ficiency in the esoteric doctrine of the Stoic School ; something must here be forgiven to the ardour of youth, and the vehemence of inex- perienced virtue. This division of the Satire is principally occypied with that celebrated paradox of the sect, that the wise man alone is essentially free, 65 ff; and that the passions of avarice, 109 fi", luxury, 142 ff, love, 161.. 175, ambition, 176 ff, superstition, 179 ff, and other passions exercise as despotic a control over their victims as the severest taskmaster over his slaves. It cannot be supposed that much new matter should be produced upon such a topic. Both Persius and his preceptor came too late for this ; and could only repeat, in other forms, what had been said a thousand times before. But there m;iy be ingenuity, where there is no novelty ; and this is not wanting. Some amusement may be found in contrasting the sober earnestness of Persius, with the solemn irony of Horace. The language of both is much the same, aud the conclusions do not greatly differ ; but the Stertinius of the latter, in spite of his inflexible gravity, must have pro- voked resistless laughter; while the youthful poet commands respect, aud though he may fail to convince, always secures attention. GIF. SAT. V. THE SATIRES OF PERSIUS. 55 Vatibus hie mos est, centum sibi poscere voces, Centum ora, et linguas optare in carmina centum : Fabula seu ma^sto ponatur hiauda traga3do, Vulnera seu Parthi ducentis ab inguine ferrum. 5 " Quorsum hajc ? aut quantas robusti carminis offas Ingeris, ut par sit centeno gutture niti ? Grande locutuii nebulas Helicons legunto. Si quibus aut Procnes aut si quibus olla Thyestae Fervebit, saepe insulso coenanda Glyconi. 10 Tu neque anhelanli, coquitur dum massa camino, 1. Homer was content with ten; 9uS' if fjLoi ^'ixa, fiit yXafffai, Vixtt Se ffroftar iTi»' II. B 484. Hostius squared the num- ber at once ; /ion si tni/ii Unyua centum atqtte ora stent totidem vocesque Ik/tiatce ; B. 1st. ii; Maer. S. vi, 3. With this hyperbole succeeding poets appear to have rested content; Virg. G. ii, 43; JE. vi, 625; vii, 37 if ; Sil. iv,5-2" ; Claud. Prob.oSf: not so the orators; omnia licet hue revocemiis prcnterita, et ad canendas unius taudes, iiniversorum vatum scriptoruntf/ue ora consvntiant : vincit tamen res ista mi lie linguas, Sfc ; Quint. Decl. vi, end; S. Hier. Epit. Paul. beg. Cassiod. Ep. xi, 1 ; PR A. s. Virg. JE. vi, 43 t; MAD. Ov. M. viii,532 ff; Tr. i,453 ft"; F. ii, 119 fF; KG. " Non io se cento bocche e linyue cento Avcssi e ferrea lena e ferrea voce, ^-f ;" Tasso. G IF. 3. Tristia tnu'stum viillum verba de- cent ; Hor. A. P. 105 f. PRA. Ponatur ; i, 70, note ; Quint. Tnst. ii, 3. KG. Hiunda: Juv. vi, 634 ff; PRA. Prop, ii, 23, 5 f. Much bad taste pre- vailed on the stage in these days. alV uv iKi'n'Ai rtoiftif rav; Xeyovf , /ati Ka) kcit aXXo Ti yiiufj-ai ro7{ vrox^iraTs ixntoii. c'i VDZ-XuKis » ' ftyauiuioiix n Kj(a»T«( » ^eufiiat riupiifffiitci Kai iiitir (i>.'i-rctrt( , Keii fniyx Kl^riftrlf, ftix^Cf ^(lyyoirai xai ''X*" *"' >''"*'*'^3'f ' **' '■^f 'Extifiris ri n»J>.u^i>V( voXu Tanuitti^oy l.iic. Algr. t. 1, p. j>t»; 11. ir. A. V. 1)6 f. KG. 'Irnijirdiis and traijiciis diHer as co- mwdusviwX comirus ; Juv. ill, 94. I'liA. 4. The Parthian wars were carried on under Augustus and Nero, s. 'I'ac. An. xii f ; Suet. Just. Dio. VRA. aut labentis equo describere vulnera Par- ti, i ; Hor. S. ii, ], 15; MAD. s. Ov. F. v, 581 ff ; Prop, iii, 7, 53. {BU.) KG. Ab inguine denotes the position of the quiver, KG. near the groin, WB. or side. s. Virg. ^E. x, 589 ; and Serv. on JE. ix, 417. PLU. ' The Parthian wounded by the lance of the pursuing Roman, GIF. when in the act o"f drawing his arrow from the saddle-bow :' where holsters are now slung. 5. " Those huge gobbets of robustious song." GIF. 6. ' That YOU require the support.' CS. 7. Ne, dum vilat lannum, nubes et inania captet ; Hor. A. P. 230 ; versus inopes rerum, tiugceque canorcE ; ib. 322. PRA. 8. Procnes; Juv. vi, 644, note. iCG. Thyesta ; Juv. vii, 73, note ; Serv. on JE. i, 572 ; Claud, i, 171 ; Hor. A. P. 91. KG. 9. The theatrical taste of the Romans must have degenerated sadly since the Augustan age ; when such disgusting exhibitions would have been exploded. Hor. A. P. 182.. 188. PRA. Cwnanda is here used for ' to be acled,' as forming one of the principal features in these tragedies: in like manner saltare fabulam is used ; Ov. 'I'r. ii, 519; Juv. vi, 63; Hor. S. i, 5, 63. KG. The tolerating such an unnatural spectacle, enacted by an ' insipid' per- former, was a reproach to the audience. G IF. 10. Juv. vii. 111, note. KG. a nostris prorul est umiiis vesica librltis, musa ner insano si/rmutc nostra ti/mef ; .Matt, iv, 49, 1 L I'RA. 5() TlIK SATIRES SAT. V Folle proiuis ventos ; iicc clauso nmvnmvc raucus Noscio quid tecum grave coniicaris inepte ; Nee stloppo tuinidas intendis niuipea! buecas. Verba togju se(]ueris, junetuva eallidiis aeri, 15 Ore teres imulico, pallentes radere mores Ductus ct ingenuo culpam defigere ludo. 11. See iii, SI, note. MAD. 12. ' Nor do you croak;' Priscian viii, 8'28 ; a/ii iiitrn se iirsrio i/iiii/ cor- tiicaiifes tinnciitia t^erha trit/iiiniiti/r, S)-c; S. Hier. Ep. iv; I'RA. x^d^uv Arist. PI. 8G9; (Sch.) Virg. G. i, o89, (UY.) KG. hitpic ; Hor. A. P. 457 f. KG. 18. Sf/()j>j)i(s is the soiind made by inflating the cheeks to their utmost extent, and then forcibly expelling the air bv striking them together with the hands. I'll A. 14. Yerlta toga. This phrase must have signified ' the language of good society at Ivome,' as distinguished from that of the populace, {fiinicatim popcl- Itis,) and from that of the provinces and a great part of Italy, where " none assumed the toga but the dead." The loga had fallen into general disuse among the lower orders in the days of Augustus, and from his reign to the age in which Persius lived, there was sufficient time for the invention of a term so obvious. The plirase in question was not coined by Persius himself, but owed its origin to some one of the in- numerable fUraces et urbani who had preceded him; he employed it as a well known and familiar expression. FEE. Notuin .si callida verhum reddiderif jiinctiira novum ; Hor. A. P. 47 f. cal- /idtis, ' workmanly,' is there used (as it is by Persius) in strict conformity to the metaphor; (s. i, (54, note.) cicris jnnctura may be understood to signify what a workman might call ' a sharp joint,' moaning one that was close and accurate. We may conclude that the expression used by Persius, like those of Horace, was familiar and usual in his time, that it had its origin in the manufactory and the shop, and was from thence transferred into the phrase- ology- of the higher orders as indicative of elaborate accuracy, either in litera- ture or upholsteiy. FEE. 16. Ore teres modieo is descriptive of the natural and easy mode of re- citation suited to compositions in a familiar style, as opposed to the stretch- mouthed declamation of the heroic ])oets. The frequent recurrence of poetical rehearsals, and the obligation of attending them, is mentioned not only in instances in which it might be considered as a ludicrous exaggeration, but seriously by Pliny, among others, as one of the main inconveniences attendant upfin a residence in Home. An occupation which took up so much of the leisure of a refined and fastidious people must have given rise to a variety of phrases such as that of which Persius here makes use. FEE. s. Hor. A. P. 323; CS. V. Flac, ii, 242; {BU.) KG. plena quadam oratio, et tanien teres ac tennis, at non sine jiervis ac viribus ; Cic. Or. iii, 197; l^HA. not like the specimen in i, 98. .102. MAD. Pallentes may allude to the effects of a guilty conscience : nil conscire sibi, nulla pallescere culpa : Hor. Ep. i, 1, 61 ; LUB. Juv. i, 165 ff. KG. Or the images and expression may be taken from the spectacles of the circus. Ra- dere means to graze with a dart or other missile weapon, which accounts iox pallentes ; and as the ludi (jladiatorii and the venationes of the Circus were consiiiered as degrading to those who exhibited themselves, the poet, in ap- plying the metaphor to himself, takes care to qualify the word ludus by the epithet of ingenuus ' gentlemanly .' [Her . O. i, 27, 16.] The games of the Circus, likewise, nmst have furnished a large supply of phrases to the conversational dialect of a people among whom they were considered as an object of interest, second only to the immediate necessaries of life,/yfl!«t'?« et circenses. The associa- tion of ideas between a satirist reciting, and an armed man in a menacing atti- tude, is not peculiar to Persius, it occurs in Juvenal, ense velut strictn rpuoties Lncilius ardet; i, 165. 1'he apparent confusion of metaphors in this passage SAT. \\ OF PERSIUS. 57 Hinc trahe, quae dicas ; mensasque lelinque Mycenis Cum capite et pedibus, plebeiaque prandia noris." Non equidem hoc studeo, bullatis ut mihi nugis 20 Pagina turgescat dave pondus idonea fumo ; Secret! loquimur- Tibi nunc, hortante Camena, Excutienda damns prajcordia ; quantaque nostrae Pars tua sit, Cornute, animce, tibi, dulcis amice, Ostendisse juvat. Pulsa, dignoscere cautus 25 Quid solidum crepet et pictae tectoria linguae. Hie ego centenas ausim deposcere voces, Ut, quantum mihi te sinuoso in pectore fixi, Voce traham pura totumque hoc verba resignent, is a strong proof that it consists of terras in familiar use. FEE. [" Shoot Folly as it flies, And catch the living manners as they rise."] 17. Respicere exemplar vita mor uni- que jubebo doctum imitatorem et veras hinc ducere voces; Her. A. P. 317 f. KG. 18. 'The head and feet' were re- served to show Thyestes, on what he had been banqueting, denudat artus dirus atque ossa amputat ; tantum ora servat et datas fidei manus ; Sen. Thy. PliA. Her. i, 119, notes. ' Familiarize yourself with every-day dinners.' 19. ' Inflated frothy nothings.' am- pullas et sessi>ted unbroken through life. GIF. Hor. Od. i, 36, 9. iiuccinctiii. K cinchdis ; Kor. A. P. 50. These domestic deities, who were rather regarded as palladia or amulets than as gods of power, were probably repret-ented in the same homely garb which they wore before Home became a city. A kind of affectionate home-bred superstition forbade all attempts at in- novation in their costume. GIF. They were dressed, after the Gabinian fashion, with their toga twisted over the left shoulder, leaving the right arm bare. Sch. s. Ov. F. V, 129 f ; (BU.) Prop, iv, 1, 131, {BKH. VP.) KG. 32. ' When I had indulgent com- panions, who would let me go my own w ay ; instead of an uncle to thwart me and a pedagogue to curb me.' PRA. MAD. [Liv. iv, 44, 2.] Subura; Juv. iii, 6, note; PRA. Anth. L. t. ii, ep. xli, p. 514. {BU.) KG. 33. Ov. F. iii, 771 . .778. KG. pont- quam excessit ex ephrbis^ librriu.i Vi- vendi fuit potetilas : anlea vrro eetas, vietus, magisterpruliihehaiif ; Tcr. And. i, 1, 24 if; oc uli sunt in a)nore duces; Ov. PRA. Their white gown, having the gloss of newness on this momentous occasion, would be candidus. GIF. The toga was so arranged as to be gathered into many plaits on the left shoulder; the centre, where all these folds met, was called the undjo or ' boss.' CS. T. s. Tert.de Pail. p. :^73 ff; palla nigerri)na.,splendesceHS atro nitore. i/ucb circumcirca remeans, et sub dexfrum latus ad humerum leevvm recnrrens, u VI h n i s vice m dejecta parte laciniee muttiplici contnbulatione drpendula ; Apul. xi. L. From this boss, the ex- tremity of the lappet fell down before, and was tucked into the girdh;, forming the sinux, (an apology for a pocket,) in which papers and other light articles were carried ; and it is far from impro- bable that some affected display was made of it, in the pride of recent man- hood. GIF. 34. See iii, 55, note; PRA. Juv. ii, 20, note. SAT. V. OF PEKSIUS. oJ) 35 Diducit trepidas raniosa in compita mentes, Me tibi supposui. Teneros lii suscipis annos Socratico, Cornute, sinu. Tunc fallere solers Apposita intortos extendit regula mores Et premitur ratioue animus vincique laborat 40 Artificemque tuo ducit sub poUice vultum. Tecum etenim longos memini consuniere soles Et tecum piimas epulis decerpere noctes. Unum opus et requiem pariter disponimus ambo Atque verecunda laxamus seria mensa. 45 Non equidem hoc dubites, amborum ioidere certo 35. OJ »iai ra. niti iif)t ivfiirdPitXir Arist. Rh. ii, 14,2. Ramosa : s. Aus. Id. xv. PRA. 36. The metaphor may be taken from an animal placing its neck under the yoke; Ov. Am. iii, 10, 13; or from a calf sucking; Varr. E. R. v, 2; 5; 17. KG. 37. The Stoics traced their philo- sophy from Socrates by the following line of succession: (1) Socrates, (2) Antistheues, (3) Diogenes, (4) Crates, (5) Zeno, (6) Cleanthes, (7) Chrysip- pus : s. Plut. Laert. Cic. PRA. vade^ has paterno, id genitor, cxcipiam sinu ; Sen. Med. 384; Socratica fide ; Petr. 129; s. Quint, i, 9; ii, 2. KG. ' You corrected me with such skill and address, that I insensibly amended : so gradually was your discipline re- vealed, that I was happih' cheatdl, as it were, into reformation." CS. MAD. Hot. Ep. i, 17, 10; KG. s. Lucr. i, 935. .949 ; " C'osi aW egro fanciul por- giamo, aspcrsi Di soave licor, gli orli del I'fjso : Surr/ii anari, iiiga/i/talo, in- tanto ei beve, E daW ingaiuw sua vita riceve ;" Tasso, G. L. i, 3. 38. A metaphor from workmen. SVL. 'Extends, 'and consequently'straight- ens.' PRA. 39. Animiim ritgc ; r/t/i, tiini pnret, iiiipurat : hiinc J'linns.^ hiiiic tu coin- pi'xce cati-na; Ilor. Ep.i,2,(J2 i;liomo cum anirtio iniic ab innuntu cctate de- pug nat sHo:...tu HI atiimvm vicisti pofiris, r/vnm aiumv.s te, est qitnd gnn- di-'is ; Plant. Trin. ii, 2, 24 tfec ; s. Cic. Off. i, 2K, end ; ffpricndum est niitrm, tit apjictitus rnlioiii olmliant, i^i-; ib, 29. As the hursf is broken in by the rider, so is the mind to bo managed by reason ; Plato. PRA. Virg. JE. viii, 81 ; (HY.) Prop, ii, 1, 10; Arist. R. 868. KG. The imperfect habit of continence is here pictured: where the passions are not yet brought to acquiesce with- out reluctance in the supremacy of reason, as is the case in the perfect character of t em per an ce. s. Arist. Eth. vii, (where he treats of self- control,) and i, 13. 40. Artificem sometimes signifies ' a finished piece of workmanship.' Ov. A. A.iii,555f; V. Flac. vi, 465; s. Prop, i, 2, 8; {BU.) id. ii, 23, 8. {BKll.) KG. Juv. vii, 237 f, notes; PRA. Stat. S. iv, 6, 27. KG. 41. Sape ego longos cantando piie- rum memini me conderc soles; Virg. E. ix, 51 f; PRA. id. /E. iii, 203; Nemes. Ec. ii, 25; ^El. V. H. xiii, 1. KG. [" In sighs I waste the glow of dav; In tears consume the gloom of night.'-] 42. By ' the first nights,' is meant ' the first part of the night,' i.e. ' an hour or two after sunset.' SVL. " Of the night Have borrow'd the first hours, feasting with thee On the choice dain- ties of philosophy." HOL. Decerpere is contrasted with consu- niere. Kg. 43. Omnibus una f/uiesopenmi, labor omnibus idem ; Virg. G. iv, 184. PRA. 44. See Athen. l\Iacr. vii, 1; Gell. xiii, 11. PRA. There seems to be a peculiar beauty in Persius's talking all along in the present tense; he rceo!- lerted with so inucli pleasure those days which were past, that lie seemed to live thein over again. DKN. Ab. Fu'dere certo; Virg. /K. i. ()2 ; «0 THE SATIKES SAT. V. ConseiUire dies et ab iiiio sidere duci. Nostni vel luquali suspcndil tenipora Libra Parca touax veri, seu nata fidelibus hora Dividit ill Geiuinos concordia fata duorum 53 SatuniunKfUe ^vavem iiostio Jove fVangiimis una: Ncscio quod, certe est, (juod me tibi tcinpeiat, astrum. Mille houiimim species et rermii di*>colov usus : Velle suum ciiique est nee voto vivitur uno. Mereihus hie Italis niutat sub sole recenti 55 R- gosum piper et pallentis giana cuinini : Sil. XV, 75 ; KG. magnus erit Gcminis amor et concordia duplex ; quosque da- hunt Chelae et qiios dat Aquarius ortMS, UHutii pectus liabent^fideique im- mobile vi)ic/niii ; Man. ii. PRA. It was believed that this unanimity did not subsist between such as were bom under every si^n : at quitjus in lucem Pisces venientihus adsunt, /lis nan una manef sent^icr se/itrntia cordi ; corn- mutant animos inlerdum et foedera rumpuntac repetunt; Rlanil. ii. MRC. 4G. Scit Genius natale comes qui tempprat astr u m ; Hor. Ep. li, 2, 187; MRC. sicplacitum Pare is : seu Lib r a seu me Scorpios adspicit Jormidoiosus, pars violentior natalis horac seu tyrannus HesperitP Cnpricornus under ; utrumque nostrum incredibili modo consentit ai-truTn; te Jovis impio tutela Satnrno refiilgens eripuit, &fc ; Hor. Od. ii, 17, 15 fiF; {JC.) Sch. PRA Juv. vii, 194 ff, notes. KG. 47. ' The balance' is a symbol of equality. When the sun enters this sign (which is about the 20th of Sep- tember), the autumnal equinox com- mences, felix (equates genitus sub pon- dere Libra ; M an. v. PRA. 48 Parca non mendax; Hor. Od. ii, 16, 39. ' The Fate' of the Stoics is here meant. L UB. s. Juv. iii, 27, note ; Virg. E. iv, 47 ; PRA. [Cic. N. D. i, 20.] 50. See Juv. vi, 509 f, note, felices- que Jovis Stellas Martisqve rapacis et grave Saturn i sidus in omne caput; Prop, iv, 1, 8.3 f; PRA. Macr. S. i, 19; Ptol. in FC, B. Gr. t. vi, 14, p. 449; Gel), xiv, 1; Cic. Div. ii; Sext. Emp. v; Petr. 39. KG. si. Nesrio quid certe est; Virg. E. viii, 107; Ov. Her. xii, 212. Astrum is properly ' a constellation.' LUB. 52. Quot capita, tot sententiee; suns cuique mos ; Ter. Ph. ii, 3, 14 ; Cassiod. quot capitum vivunt, totidcm studiorutn millia; Hor. S. ii, 1, 27; Sch. PRA. inque atiis rebus mult is differre necesse est naturas honiinum varias moresque sequaces ; Lucr. iii, 315 f. 63. Trahit sua quemque voluptas; Virg. E. ii, 65; Sch. quod tibi mag- nopere cordi est, mihi veliementer dis- pficet ; Lucil. PRA. s. Ov. A. A. i, 759 f ; Hor. Od. i, 1 ; and S. i. 4, 25 fiF. KG. 54. Hie mutat merces surgente a sole ad eum quo vespertina tepet regio ; Hor. S. i, 4, 29 f ; Sch. impiger extremos currit mercator ad Indos; Ep. i, 1, 45. The word mutat properly belonged to a period, when commerce consisted in barter: utiuam totum e vita posset nbdicari aurum, sacra James, ad per- niciem vitce repcrtum. quantum feli- ciore eevo, quum res ipste pertnutaban- tur inter se, sicut et Trojanis tempo- ribus factitatum, Homero credi con- venit. ita enim, ut opinor, commercia victus gratia inventa,^-c; Plin. xxxiii, 1. The invention of commerce is at- tributed to the Phcenicians; id. vii, 56; AX. iv, 15; PRA. s. Arist. Eth. V, 5. 55. Hee (i. e. the pods of ' pepper,') priusquam dehiscant decerpta tosteeque sole, faciunt quod vacatur piper Ion- gum ; paullatim vero dehiscentes matu- ritate, ostenduntcandidum piper ; quod deinde tostum solibus colore rugisque mntatur; Plin. H. N. xii, 7 or 14. and again, quee piper gignunt juniperis nostris sitniles; ib. PRA. s. 136 ; Juv. xiv, 293. ' The cumin,' which is a SAT. V. OF PERSIUS. Gl Hie satur irriguo niavult turgescere somno : Hie campo iudulget : hunc alea decoquit : ille In Venerem est putris : sed quum lapidosa chiragra Fregerit articulos, veteris ramalia fagi, tJO Tunc crassos transisse dies lucemque palustrem, Et sibi jam seii vitam ingeniuere relietam. At te noeturnis juvat impallescere chartis: Cultor enim juvenum purgatas inseris aures mere dwarf in our gardens, grows to the height of eight or nine feet in hot countries. It is much cultivated by the Maltese, with whom it forms an article of commerce. DMD. It seems to have been used at common tables as a substitute for ' pepper,' which was very expensive. GIF. cuminiim pal- lorem bibentibiis gignit.ita certe ferunt Porcii Latronis, clari inter magistros dicendi, aff'cctatores similifiKlhtem co- loris sfudiiscontracti imitatos, ^-c ; Plin. XX, 14 or 57; xix, i7 ; xv, 29; r/uod si pal/erem caste, hiherent exsangue c u m i n u m ; Hor. Ep. i , 1 9, 1 7 f ; PRA. KG. [ADD, Dialogue on Medals t. i, p. 504.] 56. Fessos sopor irrigat artns; Virg. /E. iii, 511; ib. i, G91 ; (-HT.) Lucr. iv, 908. 1 he metaphor is taken from plants which become more succu- lent from frequent watering. CS. s. Tib. ii, 1, 44. Hence also obesiis som- nus ; Sulpicia 56. KG. [Morpheus is represented as shaking poppies dipped in Lethe ou the brows of sleepers.] 57. The Campus Martins; Hor. Od. i, 8, 4 ; Suet. Aug. S;J. KG. DerDfjiiit is a metaphor from a liquor which is boiled quite away. C&. i/uem damnosa Venus, queiii preeceps alea nudat; Hor. Ep i, 18, 21. PRA. ' boils to rags.' 58. ' Wanton.' omnes in Damaliiu p litres depinient onitlos ; Hor. Od. i, .id, 17 f; (JC.) I'RA. vivunt in Vene- rem ; Claud. X, 65. KG. Lapiilosn ' full of chalk-stones.' LUB. nodosa; Hor. Ep. i, 1, 31. PRA. Chiragra, h ay^a rrit X*'i'f '• R^''^- when it affected the feet, it was called podagra. LUB. [orulis capt i talpcc, Vir. G. i, IK.J.; 59. Poslffiiam illis jiisia chiragra ronttidit artiriihis ; H'>r. S. ii, 7, 16 f PRA. Ramalia; s. i, 97. MAD. The dead branches ' of the beech' very soon decay. Pallad. Nov. xv, 2 ; Plin." H. N. xv[i, 79. KG. 60. ' Of gross sensuality.' MAD. s. Cic. for Sext. 9. KG. ' Light obscured by dense fogs,' MAD. and " All the infections that the sun sucks up From bogs, fens, flats ;" Shakspeare Tem. ii, 2. May not the allusion be to the ignis fatinis ? the phosphorescent vapour arising from marshes, (commonly called Jack o' Lantern or Will o' the Wisp,) which " Bewitches And leads men into pools and ditches ;" Butler Hud. i, 1, 510 ; /3wj3oja» TToXvt xai ffxu^ atneor Arist. R. 145 f. 61. ' The life they have forsaken:' DEN. ' the main end and object of their past life, which has been wholly thrown away and abandoned by them ' s. iii, 38. Gil'. '• Anger and grief doe then begin a strife Within them, for their base and durtie life Now spent : when now, but now too late, they looke L^pon the life they wretchedly for- sooke." HOL. [sera nnnquam est ad bonos mores via, Sen.] 62. Vos exemplaria GrcEca nocturna versate manii, versate diitrna ; Hor. A. P. 268 f. LUB. 63. Quod enim miim/s reipubliccB af- ferre mo/us melii/svc po.ssumiis, f/uam si doceamns atf/iie criidiamiis jxventu- tem ? Cic. Div. ii, 4 ; cultiira animi philosoph/a est, f/ua: extrnhit vitia ra- diciti/s, et praeparat aninios ad satiis accipiendos, eaqiie mandat cis et ( at ita dicam) serit, qua adulta f met us iibcrrimos ferant ; id. T. Q. ii, 13. nemo adeo ferns est ut non mitescere possif,si moilo cuUurre patienlem cum- model aureni. virtus e.st vitium fugere el sapientin prima slultitin raruis.se ; Hor. Ep. i, I, 3;t ft-. PliA. lir> Till': SATIRES SAT. V. Friige Cloaulhoa. Petite hinc, juvcnesque .senesque, 65 Fint m luiinio ccvtinn uiiseiisque viatica canis. " Cras hoc fiet." Idrin eras fiet. " Quid? quasi magmun, Neiuiic dicin donas." Sed quurn lux altera venit, Jam cras hestenuun consunisinius. Kcce aliud cras Ej^erit hos annos ct si-mper paulluni erit ultra. 7U Nam (juanivis prope te, (pumivis teuioiic sub uuo Vcrtentem sese iVustra sectabere canthuni, 64. ' Of Cleanthes,' the son of Pha- nes. LUB. s. Laert. vii, 174 ; {MEN.) Cic. N. D. i, 37; V. Max. viii, 7; FRA. Cic. Ac. iv, 41 ; Claud, xvii, 87 f. He was the preceptor of Chry- sippus. AG. [."J', note ;] Juv. ii, 7, note. JEtjiie pauperibus protest, (ocKplcti- bus aque; ceqite neglecttim pueris senibiisque noccbit ; Hor. Ep. i, 1, 25 f FRA. 65. Certiim voto pete fiiiem : Hor. Ep. i. 2, 5(i ; LUB. Iti aTavra roy Suva- fiivav Zr,v x,a.TX Trit aiTru T^oeti^iiriv ho-iai Tita (rKoxlv Tou xa>.u; ^^v. crgof 5 f. PRA. ' meslin.' MAD. Owing to the frequent occurrence oftliis failing in the fraternity; the name (istlkk has been humorously derived, by i^yncope, from OAT-STEALER. 78. Exit; Hor. A. P. 22. KG. 79. Gaudent pr/rnominc mollrs auri- r7tl(ir, Hor. S. ii, 5, :S2. PRA. half i, 1, (ii TMK SATIRES SAT. V. 80 Credere til nnin OS ? Marco sub judice palles. Marcus dixit: ita est. Adsigua, Marco, tabellas. Ha;c uic>ra libertus ; lioc nobis jiilca donant. " An qiiisquani est alius liber, nisi ducere vitam Cui licet, ut voluit ? Licet, ut volo, vivere : non sum 85 Liberior Bruto ?" ' Mendose colligis,' inquit Stoicus hie, aurem mordaci lotus aceto : ' Hoc (reliqua accipio) licet, ut volo, vivere, toUe.' " Vindicta postquam mens a pra?tore recessi, Cur mihi non liceat, jussit quodcunique voluntas, 90 Excepto, si quid Masuri rubrica vetavit ?" Disce ! sed ira cadat naso rugosaque sanna, 80. Hence it appears that freedmen could sit on a jurj-. CS. Such a man as this would be likely to spite a person to whom he bore a grudge. Hor. S. ii, 1, 49 ff; Juv.vii, 116, note; and s. Claud, xxiv, 100. KG. 81. Auris i(pa, as was said of Pytha- goras. FHA. s. Cic, N. D. i, 5. ' We may take the matter upon his ipse dixitJ' [Juv. i, 62, note.] Ailsigna. Juv. viii, 142 ff"; Mart, ix, 89, 2 fif. KG. 82. Vult liherlas did mera; Hor. Ep. i, 18, 8. KG. ' This is liberty in the bare, outward, literal sense of the word.' MAD. [iii, 106.J 83. Marcus thinks to silence the Stoic by a regular syllogism. CS. For his major premiss, he takes the genuine de- finition of 1 i b e r ty : estpo/es/as vivendi ?d fe/is; Cic. Par. 5; Off. i, 20; 'itrn, fi iXtvd^ia \%overiosns\ Hor. S. ii, 7, 81 ff; iiiiprobos non iln dicunf esse servos ut mancipia (jiiee snnt dominorum facta nexu, ant aliqiio jure civili: sed, si servifus sit, sicitt est, obedientia fracti animi et abjecti, et arbitrio carentis sua, quis neget onines Icves, omyies oipidos, omnes denique itnprobos esse servos? an ille mihi liber videatur, cui mulicr «>«- perat, leges imponit, vetat quod videtur, 8fc ? Cic. Par. 5 ; PRA. Hor. Od. ii, 2, 18. 88. Vindicta was the wand which the prjetor laid on the head of the manu- mitted slave, when he declared him free. Sch. AD. s. Liv. ii, 5, [14 ;] PRA. Ov. A. A. iii, 615 f ; KG. Hor. S. ii, 7, 76. MAD. The blow, which the slave received at manumission, might represent the last indignity he was to receive : the laying on of the praetor's wand was similar to the mode in which the king, at the present day, confers knighthood. Meus ' my own master.' LUB. Ter. Ph. iv, 1,21. KG. 90. Masi/riiisSabiintswati an eminent lawyer in the reign of Tiberius, by whom he was knighted. Sch. T. He was very clever, very honest, and very poor. Gell. xiv, 19; Ath. xiv. PRA. Among other works, he left behind him three books on the Civil Law. KG. In his old age, he was supported by the liberality of his former pupils. As he was passionately devoted to music ; it would seem that he fiddled away his clients. GIF. Rubrica ; Juv. xiv, 192, note ; PRA. dieant cur condita sit lex his sex in tahulis, et cur rubrica minetur? Prud. v. GIF. 91. The metaphor may be taken from dogs, whose anger is shown by the SAT. V, OF PKRSIUS. 65 Dum veteres avias tibi de pulmone revello. Non prgetoris erat slultis dare tenvia rerum Officia atque usum rapida; peniiittere vitae : 95 Sambucani citius caloni aptaveris alto. Stat contra ratio et secretam gannit in aurem, Ne liceat facere id, quod quis vitiabit agendo. Publica lex hominum natiiraque continet hoc fas, Ut teneat vetitos inscitia debilis actus. 100 Diluis lielleborum, certo compescere puncto wrinkling of their nostrils. LUB. x.'^ t//i omnes servi, and insaniunt onirics prater sapientem, were Stoical tenets. PRA. ' The prator cannot make a man wise ; therefore he cannot make him free.' MAD. " The nicer shades of duty." GIF. s. Arist. Eth.ii,6;9; rpiid(leceat,(juidnon; (fuo virtus, (juoferat error; Hor. A. P. .308 . PRA. on lace ra, ii,iiB,^Tr.i/.ara,' id, 'jiKid non licet, si nee ma jus nee minus iimijiiam fieri potest, ifi/oniam in eo est perrututn, si non licuit, qxod semper nninn et idem est ; quee ex eo peccata naseuntiir, aequalia sint oportet ; Cic. Par. 3. KG. 94. ' And to make over to him .'such experience as may carry him safely down the rapid stream of life.' DEN. 95. The Samliitca was a triangular harp, of four strings originally, invented by IbycuH of Khegium. Ath. iv, 23; xiv, 8 f; but it was probably much more ancient. Daniel iii,o; V'itr. vi; Spart. Hadr; PRA. Macr. S. ii, 10; (Polyb. V, 37; G.) s. Hor. Ep. i, 18, 59; ii, 2, 143 f; KG. s. Juv. iii, (13, note. Calories were porters employed in the camp to carry wood («SXe») and water. LUB. xaXcipi^n- Ath. invidet usum lignorum tibi calo; Hor. Ep. i, 14, 41 f. PRA. The name was after- wards applied to other porters : co/iors culta servorum, lectica forrnosis ini- posita calonibus ; Sen. Ep 110. ^G. The epithet a/^c* is emphatic. LUB. iiteos a fcax^if, was a Greek proverl). PLU. at ayav /itycckoi fi^a^iTg- Arist. Physiog. PRA. ingens; 190; a>«j r^ir- xai'SixzTiixvs' Theoc. XV, 17; s. Cat. Ixvii, 47; Ixxxvi, 4. KG. 96. ' Whines :' it is properly the noise which a dog or a fox makes. LUB. PRA. Cat. Ixxxiii, 4; Ter. Ad. iv, 2, 17. KG. 97. Nesutor ultra crepidarn : [Plin. xxxv, 10 ; V. Max. viii, 12, end ; Ammian. xxviii, 1 ;] s. Cic. T. Q. 1. King Ptolemy, when he was giving his opinion very freely on the art of play- ing the lyre, was told by Stratonicus the musician that ^rA^xTjav and ffxriTT^ov were not exactly synonymous: Ath. viii, 10. PRA. 98. ' The common law of our nature,' as opposed to ' the rubric of Masurius ;' 90. PRA. [s. Cic. Or. i, 8, 34. One law is that of nature {jus riatiirale), and is defined as the highest reason im- planted in nature, which commands what ought to be done and forbids the contrary, Cic. L. Another law is that nf nations {Jus gentium), which is akin to the former, and received every-where on the authority of all nations. An- other law is peculiar, {Jus proprium), which each nation forms for itself. There are also other divisions; (some lawyers reckon up nearly forty ;) among which is {Jus civile) the civil law.] 99. ' Should hold as forbidden.' CS. 100. ' Do you attempt to compound medicineH, who do not understand the K (iU TIIK SATlllKS SAT. V. Nescius exainen ? Vetal hoc natuia niedentli. Navem si poscat sibi poicniatus arator Luciicri nulis, exclamet Mclicerta perisse Frontem dc vcbus. Tibi recto vivere talo lOo Ars dedil? et vcri sprcieni dignoscere calles, No qua subivvato mendosuiu liiiniat auro? QuitMpie secpu'iida foient qua>que evitanda vicissim. Ilia prius crela, uiox ha)C carbone notasti? Es luodicus voli? presso lare? dulcis amicis? use of the balance?' LUB. stafrm 'the steelyard.' Sch. Petr. 35; 67; Suet. X, 25; Plin. H. N. xxxiii, 1 1 ; KG. abrotoniim (cgro non aia/ef, nisi qui didicit, dare: quod medicwum est, promittiint tnedici; Hor. Ep. ii, l,114ff. Wi/1. Certo compescere piatcto (I think) means ' to bring the tongue to a state of quiescence, between the cheeks of the cavity through which it \ibrates, by slipping the weight to a certain point on the graduated arm.' Thus compescere (uci/m, i. e. laciim siiisjiiii- biis cohibere ; Festus ; and in like man- ner, compescere popidos, impetns, do- lores, iras, viores dissoliitos, sfi/li ht.rii- rianfiatn, linguam, <^-c. s. F. and note on i, 6. 102. Navim agere ignarns ttavis timet; Hor. Ep. ii, 1, 114. PKA. Poscat implies presumption. KG. Peronatus: Juv, xiv, 186, note. FRA. The epithet is emphatic, for sailors wear thinandpliant shoes to give them a firmer footing both on deck and among the rigging. 103. Lvciferi ' even of the morning star,' and consequently of the stars in general. Ov. Tr. i, 10, 13. KG. CS. A knowledge of which was essential to navigation in those days, before the invention of the mariner's compass : Virg. ^. iii, 512 If; FKA. and even at present. In one of our trips from Southampton to Guernsey, during a fine starlight night, a naval officer, who was one of the passengers on deck, ob- served that we were making fast for the Portland lights. The steersman was puzzled, as, according to the com- pass, the course of the vessel was quite correct. The captain was called up; and, seeing at once, that the lights a-head were those on the Portland rocks, contrary to the indication of the compass, he observed the stars and im- mediately ascertained that there was something wrong. He ordered the quarter-deck to be instantly cleared ; on their removing a large green parrot in its cage, which had been standing to the east of the compass, the needle in- stantly righted, veering round to the true point. The accident delayed us about two hours. Melicerta was the child of Ino, who to save him from the insane fury of her husband Athamas, king of Thebes, leaped with him into the sea; where Is'eptune, at the request of Venus, took them both into his suite, under the names of Leucothoe and Paljemon, GIF. CS. or Portunus. Ov. M. iv, 311 if; Virg. G. i, 437 f ; Pii^. Apoll. i,8, 2. KG. 104. Frontem. clament periisse pu- dorem cuncti; Hor. Ep. ii, 1, 80 f; PRA. Juv. xiii, 242, note; Mart, xi, 28, 7; KG. ii, 43, note. ' To walk uprightly.' T. cadat an recto stet talo; Hor. Ep. ii, 1, 176; PRA. talo for pede, as in Juv. vii, 16; i^Sij, (inoai ^oii Eur. Hel. 1465. KG. The metaphor is very common in Holy Scripture : as in Psalms xv, 2 ; Ixxxiv, 11 ; Proverbs x, 9, &c. MAD. 105. Juv. xiv, 109, note. KG. 106 See iii, 21, notes; LUB. qui per argentiim ees videl ; Petr. 56. KG. 108. See li, 1, notes; PRA. Cat. xxxvii, 10 ; (i>CE.) Mart, xii, 72. KG. 109. See ii, 3, &c. si est animus tibi modiciis, continens, ambitionis expers ; Phiut. PRA. ' Is your establishment kept within your income?' Dulcis; s. Hor. S. i, 4, 135. MAD. SAT. OF PERSH'S. 67 110 Jam nunc adstriiigas, jam nunc granaria laxes? Tnque luto fixum possis transceudere numum, Nee glutto sorbere salivam Mercurialem ? " Haec mea sunt, teneo," quum vere dixeris, esto Liberque ac sapiens, praetoiibus ac Jove dextro. 115 Sin tu, quum fueris nostrae paullo ante farina?, Pelliculam veterem retines et fronte politus Astutam vapido servas sub pectore vulpem, Qua? dederam supra, repeto, fun em que reduce. Nil tibi concessit ratio : digitum exsere, peccas ; 110. The allusion perhaps is to the public granaries at Eome, which were periodically opened for the relief of the poorer citizens, as well as in times of dearth and scarcitj-. MAD. s. Cic. Off. i, 14. KG. e iXtvfi^ios oh "iuiirti on ou Ss?' av yoLo at in fpiTToi xara Tri" iXiuhoii- Ttira xai m Taura. ata/ uta.;, tux BV 1^04 ii'f a "ill 'ItaXiffKuv- Arist. Eth. iv, 1. 111. The waggish boys at Rome used to stick a piece of mom y in the mud, with a string fastened to it; and if any miserly fellow, coming by, stooped to pick it up, they jerked it away and laughed at him. HOL. in (>-iriisjixu)u (jui se demittit oh a.ssem ; Hor. Ep. i, 16,64; s. Od. ii, 2, 23 f; VRA. ab asse crevit ; et parntus fiiit quadrnntem de stercore murdicus tollere ; Petr. 43. KG. 112. ' Without finding, like a greedy glutton, that your mouth waters at the sight of such a prize.' GIF. s. ii, 44, note. 113. See Hor. S. ii, 7, 78 ff. KG. 114. ' With a body enfranchised by the pr;Etors, and a mind bj^ Jove.' PRA. Prop, iii, 1, 47; (ji'ee sit tiberfas, ifiieerin ? nulli ret .lervire, ntitli ne- cessitali, mi His casi//ux ; fortunam in (Kt/uum dediieere; Sen. Ep. 61; non homines timere, non deos; nee turpia Kelle^ nee niniin; in se ifisiint habere tnfi.rininni pnlextiilein ; ib. 75 ; s. Claud, viii, 2.57 if- KG. 115. " One of our batch." GIF. A metaphor from loaves. LUD. Suet. ii, 4. The Stoics were not so arro- gant as to deem them-selves free and wise; a character, which they looked up to, a« elevated almost beyond the reach of human attainmenl. KG. 1 16. A metaphor from snakes, which cast their slough. CS. Ov. M. ix, 266; vii, 237; Virg. G. iii, 425 f; M. ii, 471 f; or (2) an allusion to the fable of the Fox in a Lion's skin. Hor. S. ii, 1, 62 f; iii, 186; Ep. i, 16, 44 f; KG. or (3) to Blacks who can never be washed white. PRA. s. Juv. xiii, 239, note. Fronte ; s. iv, 14 ; MAD. Juv. ii, 8. 117. Ninnfjiiam tefallant aninii sub vidpe latentes; Hor. A. P. 437 ; PRA. Claud, xviii, 145 ; v, 484 ; Pind. 01. xi, 20 fl"; Theoc. i, 48 ; v, 112 f; aXi^zn- kIIuv Arist. V. 1233 ; P. 1090. KG. Vapidu ; s. 77. MAD. 118. Supra, i. e. in 113. LUB. Repeto ' I pronounced you free, con- ditionally; on failure of these con- ditions, I revoke my concession.' LUB. The metaphor is taken from animals or birds, which are allowed a certain degree of liberty, but at the same time secured by a string. If they abuse their liberty, they are pulled in. PRA. s. Juv. xii, 5, note. MAD. " I would have thee gone ; And yet no further than a wanton's bird ; \Vho lets it hop a little from her hand, Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves, And with a silk thread plucks it back again;" Shaksp. Rom. and Jul. ii, 1. GIF. 119. ' Whatever the pra?tor may have done, philoso])hy has done nothing for you.' MAD. Persius (who had the pas- sage in the Enchiridion of Ejiictetiis befor(^ him, h (fiXoiraipla (ftirU, on ouSi rot Sa*Ti/Xov iKriivtiv tiKti -r^osnKti) laKours to prove that there is no medium between absolute wisdom and absolute folly ; from which notable position it follows(among other conseijuences) that the fool cannot jierform the most trivial 68 T11J<: SATIRES SAT. V. 120 Et quid tarn parvnm est ? Sed nullo Ihure litabis, ITivroat in stultis brevis ut semuncia recti. ll;ee miscere nefas ; ncc, qiuim sis cetera fossor, Tres tantuin ad nnnieros Satyri moveare Bathylli. " Liber ep:o.'" Unde datum hoe sumis, tot subdite rebus ? 1*25 An dominum ignoras, nisi quern vindicta relaxat } * I, jnicr, et strigiles Crispini ad bahiea defer !' Si increpuit : ' Cessas nugator ?' servitiura acre Te nihil impellit : nee (piidquam extrinsecus intrat, Quod nervos agitet. Sed si intus et in jecore segro 130 Nascuntur domini, qui tu impunitior exis act without blundering egregioiisly. GIF. T. PR A. MAD. cutri navcm everfat giibernator an palecp, in re aliquantiilnm, in guheniuforis insritia nihil interest, lapsa est libido in muiicre ignota, dolor ad pnnciores pertinet, quam si petulans fiiisset in aliqua generosa ac nohili virgine ; peccavit vero nihilo minus, sif/i/idein est peccare tanirmam transsilire linrns ; f/i/ani huge progrediare, qmnn semel iranssilieris, ad augendam cnlpam nihil attinet ; Sen. Ep. 66. This doctrine is attacked in Cic. Fin. iii, 27 ; for Mur. 30 ; Hor. S. i, 3, 96 ff; Ep. i, 16, 55 f. KG. 120. " Yet what so trifling ?" GIF. ' and apparently so easy P but it is beyond the power of the gods to grant.' Litabis; s. ii, 75, note. PRA. 121. ' Short' is applied in our own language to weight. 122. Hcec i. e. ' folly and riijht.' KG. Cetera a Grecism, to. aXXa LUB. Fossor ; s. Juv. xi, 80. MAD. 1 23. Histrio, si pnufo se movit extra n u m e r u m,aut si versus pronvnciattis est syllaba una brevior aut tongior, ejc- sibitatur et e.rploditur : in vita, qvee omni gestu moderntior, omni versa aptior esse debet, nt in syllaba, te pec- care dices ? poetam non audio in nugis, in vitee societate audiam civem, digitis peceata dimetientem sua ? 8fc ; Cic. Par. 3; CS. Virg. E. vi, 27 ; Prop, ii, 18, 16 ; 8. Mart, xi, SH, 3 f ; Ov. Am. ii,4,29. KG. ' Of Bathyllus dancing the Satyr.' s. Virg. E. V, 73 ; Hor. A. P. 221 ; Ep. ii, 2, 125; FRA. S. i, 5, 63. Movere ' to dance.' Hor. A. P. 232 ; PRA. S. i, 9, 24 ; Od. iii, 6, 21 ; Ov. A. A. iii, 350. KG. Bafhi/llus; s. Juv. vi, 63, note; Ath. i,"l7. PRA. 124. i)rt;//^/ maintains his conclusion, notwithstanding the overthrow of his premisses. " liber, liber sum !" Hor. S. ii, 7, 92. PRA. Unde datum sentis ? Hor. S. ii, 2, 31. (BY.) KG. Tot subdite rebus ; s. Hor. S. ii, 7, 75 ff; KG. iii, 28, note. MAD. 125. See 88. PRA. 126. 'A command from your quon- dam master, it is true, would not affect you.' [s. St Matthew viii, 9.] Strigiles; Juv. iii, 263 ; Petr. 91 ; Apul.'Flor. ii, p. 346, 27. R. Those, who went to the baths, took their own scrapers and soap. Luc. Lexiph. t. ii, p. ;i20 ; AG. Suet, ii, 80. PJi.^. Crispinus; Juv. i, 27, note ; iv, 1 £F. PRA. U7. Ter. Eun. iv, 6, 16. KG. 128. See Juv. xiv, 63. KG. 129. The metaphor may be taken from puppets, which are moved by strings, s. Hor. S. ii, 7 ■ 81 f; Anton, ii, 3 ; vii, 3.(GK.) CS. qui in ligneolis houiinum Jiguris gestus movet, quando Jiluui membri, quod agitari solet, trax- eril torqvebitur cervix, nutabit caput, oculi vibrabunt, manus ad ministerium prcBsto erunt, nee invenuste totus vide- bitur vivere ; Apul. de Mun. KG. or we may understand the words in their simple sense. PRA. Jecore ; Juv. i, 45, note ; MA D. Flat. Tim. t. ix, p. 389. KG. 130. Qui tu impunitior ? Hor. S. ii, 7, 105. PRA. SAT. V. OF PERSIUS. 69 Atque hie, quem ad strigiles scutica et metus egit herilis ? Mane piger stertis : ' Surge!' inquit Avaritia: ' eja Surge !' Negas ? instat. ' Surge !' inquit. " Non queo." ' Surge !' " Et quid agam ?" ' Rogitas ? En, saperdam advehe Ponto, 135 Castoreum, stuppas, ebenum, thus, lubrica Coa; Tolle recens primus piper e sitiente camelo : Verte aliquid : jura.' " Sed Juppiter audiet." ' Eheu ! Baro, regustatum digito terebrare salinum Contentus perages, si vivere cum Jove tendis.' 140 Jam pueris pellem succinctus et oenophorum aptas : " Ocius ad navem !" Niliil obstat, quin trabe vasta JEigsium rapias, nisi solers Luxuria ante Seductum moneat : ' Quo deinde, insane, ruis .? quo ? 131. Spectator No. 55. 132. The power of idleness and sloth, when indulged, i.-s finely described in Proverbs v, 9 f ; xxii, 13 ; xxvi, 13 f. MAD. 133. Surge; s. Arist.Pl. 539 ; [Hor. O. iii, 11, 37 f.] 134. The s'^tperda was a common sort offish, Ath.iii,30; PRA. of which the best were those cauglit in the Mseotie pulf LUB. 135 Castoreum ; s. Juv. xii, 34 fi^. PRA. [Sfupjias ' hards. 'j So/a India nigrum fert ehennm^ so/is est thurea virga Sabceis ; Virg. G. ii, 116 f. PRA. " Coan wines," DRY. were of a laxative quality. LUIi. si dura mora- tiifur afiins, }uijtihis et viles pellent iihstaiilia cfinrha; et lapathi brevis herba, sed nib') nun sine Coo ; Hor. S. ii, 4, 27 ff; PRA. Plin. H. N. xxvii, 27; JE\. V. H. xii, M. KG. 136. Cave ne port us oeeupet alter, ne Cibyratiea, ne Rithyna neipjtiu perdas ; Hor. Ep. i, 6, 32 f. PRA. .'Sitiente 'just arrived at Alexandria from its journey over the desart.' KG. 8. Plin. viii, 18. PRA. [ADD, Dial, on Medals t. i, p. 503. | 137. ' 'I'urn a penny : swear tiirough thick and thin.' DEN. s. Cic. Off. iii, end. PRA. Jupiter audiet: s. .Tuv. xiii, 75. KG. I3K. Tiaro is a fTallic word and de- notes ' a soldier's slave.' Sch. Cic. Ep. ix,2'J; LCT^S. id. Div.ii, 7Q,\.\.PRA. ' You will never earn salt to your porridge, if you make a point of keeping on good terms with Jove.' Salinum; iii, 25; Varro sale put- mentarii vice usos veteres auctor est : esitdsse enim salem cum pane et caseo, ut proverbio appuret ; Plin. xxxi, 7; Plaut. Cure, iv, 4, 6. PRA. [s. r^i- (iKiov, St Matthew xxvi, 23.] 140. 'Equipped for starting, you load your servants with your leather port- manteau and your liquor-case.' T.pueri lasanum portantes cenopliorumrfue ; Hor. S. i, 6, 109; PRA. Suet, ii, 83 {CS.) KG. Succinctus ; Hor. S. ii, 6, 1 07; PRA s. Exodus xi, 11 ; 1 Kings xviii, 46; St Luke xii, 35. MAD. 141 . Trabe Ci/pria Mi/rtinim pavidus nauta secat mare; Hor. Od. i, 1, 13 f; Juv. xiv, 276. MAD. 142. Rapere ' to hurry over.' Ov. F. iii, 867 ; (BU.) Sil. i, 5C9 f ; (R.) Virg. ^. vi, 8; (HY.) Ov. Her. 19, 74; {IIS.) Charit. p. 263; (D'O.) viam vorare ; Cat. xxxv, 7. KG. ' Wily Luxury.' ourut ri jum^a. xai Tctirof xXKoZ MaffKaXos T^viph aXX>jv ecT ccXkrit riiotri; iraiffj^uvTUt Ixnoouga' Luc. Atn. t. ii, I). 421 ; Claud, xxii, 131 fif. KG. 143. ' 'J'akcn aside as a I'riciid warned of your danger ;' as in Juv. 67 f. PRA. and xii, 70 THE SATIRES SAT. V Quid tibi vis ? calido sub pectore niascula bilis 145 Tiituniuit, quam non cxstinxerit uvna cicuta\ Tun marc transilias ? tibi, tovta cannabe iiillo, Ccena sit in transtro ? VcientannnKiuc vubellum Exhalct vapida husuni ]mcc sessilis obba ? Quid petis, ut nunii, ([uos hie ([uincunce niodesto 150 Nutrieras, pergant avidos sudare dcunces ? Indulge Gcnio ; carpanius dulcia : nostrum est, Quod vivis : cinis et manes ct fabula fies. Deinde; Virg. M. v, 741; {HY.) Liv. iv, 49. (G.D.) KG. 144. Mascnia bilis ' potent rage.' 146. Qua; potermif umqmtm saii.scx- juin/arc cio/Zee ? Hor. Ep. ii,2, 53. CS. Tlie latlnp-is is here meant, whicli is called cici/fn from its hollow stalk. SM. T. s. Plin. H. N. xxv, 94. KG. 146. Cato the censor is said to have repented of three things: (1) having told his wife a secret, (2) having spent a day unprofitably, and (3) having gone to a place by sea, when he could have gone thither by land : Plut. according to the Greek adage : faXaira-tj, xiti Tug, xai lyuin xaxu Tgta. PR A, ' Hemp.' s. Plin. H. N. xix, 8 ; KG. Her. iv, 155, PRA. 147. ' Red Veientan wine.' LUB. Mart, i, 104, 9 ; KG. s. Juv. vii, 121, note. 148. "And while a broken plank supports your meat, And a coil'd cable proves your softest seat, Suck from squab jugs, that pitchy scents exhale, The seaman's beverage, sour at once and stale!" GIF. Pice. s. Plin. xiv, 1, 20 ; Plut. M. 1, 5, 3 ; resinata bibis vina, Fnlerna fuc/is; Mart, iii, 77, 8. PRA. 149. The highest usury was called centesima, or ' twelve per cent;' being at the rate of one sesterce monthly for every hundred: the next highest was tfei/nje, 'eleven per cent;' and so on down to the nneiaria or ' one per cent.' Tac. An. v, 16; PRA. Juv i, 40, note. 1.50. Pnscrrc niimos; Hor. Ep. i, 18, 3.5. PRA. niitrtpra.s is a very appro- priate metaphor, if we look to the de- rivation of »«'««( from TiKriiv ' to bring forth.' 151. (ill/in ; ]. 10. KG. ii, 3; PRyl. Ter. Ph. Ditm loffuimur, fiigerit invida cvlas : cnrpn dieiii\ Hor. Od. i, 11, 7 f. Sch. The language of the Epicureans was ; voli/i talibits, (/>ro(//to modu possuni/ts, servinmus : brevi cniiii (oiiparc iiiilli crimitt! omnino. ergo iixlliim dii'tii, nul- lum trnipnris puncluiii Jiucru uobix sine vuluptale patiamur, ne, f/uia ipsi tjuan- dot/ue pcrituri sumns, id ipsmu i/uod vixerimus pereat; Lact. PRA. ' That alone can be deemed 1 i f e, which is devoted to me.' CS. T. s. Sil. XV, 04 fl". KG. (iio; jiiov iiofisvos ol» Itt) (iiti isaGreek proverb. I'RA. or' Ifyou evei really live, it is allowing to me.' f/uod spiro ct I'laceo, si plareo^ tiium est ; Hor. Od. iv, 3, 24. MJD. 1 52. Yitccstonma brevis spent nos velal incliuarv loitgam.jam te premet no.v fa- bulcequc inuncs\ Hor. Od. i, 4, 15 f. L UB. Sloici Ksuram nobis Innjiuntur tanHfumn cornicibus : diu mnnsuros (limit animos, s e tii p e rncgant ', Cic. T. Q. i, 77, aiunt tnuncre aniii'os, e corporc (juum cxccsserint., scd non. semper; ib. 7i. Therefore, if this line be delivered in accordance with the Stoical notions, it will mean ' You will soon die, and when your body has been reduced to ashes, your spirit will abide for a time among the shades, and at last you will be utterly annihihited, soul as well as body, so that you will live oriij' in memory and in name.' s. Macr. S. i, 3 ; Virg. JE. vi, 743; Varro v. PRA. " Soon wilt thou glide a ghost for gossip's chat." BWS. Prop, iii, 13, 4.5. KG. ill S* oXiyU (i^OTUV TO TC^TtO* Tfoa-a; yyiu/jLa irtffHff//.i ov. ivu-fii^oi ri ii rif ; Ti o ou Tis ; ffxiaf eva^, aiff^wraf Pind. P. viii, 131 ft-. GIF. Fabula. [" We spend our years as a tale that is told ;" Psalm xc, 9.] SAT. V. OF PERSIUS. 71 Vive niemor leti, fugit hora : hoc, quod loquor, inde est/ En quid agis ? Duplici in diversum scinderis hamo ; 155 Hunccine an hunc sequeris ? Subeas altemus oportet Ancipiti obsequio dominos, altemus oberres. Nee tu, quura obsliteris semel instantique negaris Parere iiuperio, " Rupi jam vincula," dicas. Nam et luctata canis nodum abripit : attamen illi, 160 Quum fugit, a collo trahitur pars longa catena. "Dave, cito, hoc credasjubeo, finire dolores Praeteritos meditor." (Crudum Chaerestratus unguem 153. Dum licet J in rebus jucundis vive beat us, vive memor, qitam sis eevi brevis ; Hor. S. ii, 6, 96 f; CS. T. currit enim ferox eetas \ Od. ii, 5, 13 f; sed fugit interea, fugit irrejmrabile tempus ; Virg. G. iii, 284. PRA. Breve est vitee istius curriculum : hoc ipsum quod loquor , quodscribo, quod re- tcgo, de tempore meo miltiautcrescit aut deperit; S. Hier. on Ep. Gal. iii, 6. PRA. Eur. Ale. 785 ff ; Bion. Id. v, 9 fiF; Petr. 72; Sen. H. F. 177 fiF; Juv. ix, 120 ft', notes. KG. ['' And every beating pulse we tell, Leaves but the number less."] The late Lord Her^-ey, in a poetical epistle to a friend applies this very beautifully: " Even now, while I write, time steals on our youth And a moment's cut off from thy friendship and truth." The whole of Luxury's argument amounts to this: " Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die ;'' I Corinthians xv, 32 ; Isaiah xxii, 13. MAD. 154. Plutarch, in his treatise on envy and hatred, calls vice (r9A.uay*/irTge»:[M. xliii.] Duma had swallowed two baits, that of Avarice, and that of Luxury. PRA. Prop, iv, 1, 141 ; KG. s. i Kings \viii, 21. Feyjoo's Discourses ii, 2, 9.] 1.05. Understand duminum. MAD. 1 56. Obseqiiium denotes ' servile com- pliance,' ' indulgence,' ' flattery.' i, 107, note, molesta Veritas est, siquidem ex ea nnscitur odium, quod est venenumami- ciliif.: sell obscquiiiiit mullo molextius, quod peccatis inilulijeiis pracipitem nuili-um ferri sinit ; an.a^ Toy "SrificV Plato. CS. Sedfulgente traliit constrictos Gloria curru; Hor. S. i, 6, 23. DBN. [Arist. Eth. i, 5; Feyjoo, Disc. p. 31.] H'lnc plausus h ia n fern, per cuneos gethinatus enim plcbisque patrumque., corripidt; Virg. G. ii, 508 ff. 177. Those who canvassed for an office used always to have their white gown fresh from the fuller's hands ; and to add to its brilliancy, it was rubbed with chalk. _^^ toga addito quodaiii cretee genere eandidior; Isid. xiv, 24. L. Polybius calls the gown XafiTja, not Xiuij). DBN. [St Mark ix, 3 ; *ADD, Dial, on Medals" t. i, p. 438.] Ambitio ' the going Hbout to solicit the vote and interest of each elector.' MAD. Now follows the command of Ambition to her slave. PRA. Vigila : they commenced their morn- ing calls, on these occasions, before daybreak. CS. s. Mart, iv, 78; Sen. Br. V, 24. or * Be on the watch,' ' be always on the look-out for an opportunity of ingratiating yourself with the people.' MAD. KG.' The candidates for popularity used to throw among the mob a number of tallies entitling the bearer to a certain quantity of some sort of grain, in cicerr atque f aha bona tit penlasqiie litpinis; Hor. 'S. ii, 3, 182. This was the method pursued by the a'diles at ' the games of Flora.' The sums squanderrd in these largesses, under the republic, far sur- passed the most lavish cost of our con- tested elections, and were frequently ruinous to the parties, et popularr sa- 74 THE SATIRES SAT. V, Kixanti ]>opn1o, nostra ut Floralia possint Apric'i nicminisse soncs. Quid piilchrius ?' At quiiin 180 Ilerodis vcnerc dies iniclaqnc fenestra Disposit;v! pinrjueni nebnhun vonnicre lucerna? Porlantes violas rubrunupie auiplexa catinum Cauda natat tliynni, tuniet alba fidclia vino : Labra moves tacitus recutitaque sabbata palles. 185 Tunc nigri lemures ovoque pericula rupto : cfinii bis Dtillia ilcna tii/issct ; Mart, x, 41, 7. even when the emperors had en- grossied the whole power, and the only subject of contentioii was, to be a slave with the title of an office, or without it. JX, vi, 8. PRA. GIF. s. Suet. often, cicer was a very plebeian food. Hor. A. P. '249; S. i, 6, 115; s. Mart, viii, 69, 7 ff; Stat. S. i, 6, 9 ff; {BA.) KG. s. vi, 50, note. 178. ' Scrambling.' PRA. Flomlia ; Macr. S. i, 4 ; Aug. Civ. D. vi, 7; PRA. Juv. vi,249. note. KG. 1 79. Juv. xi, 203. This basking in the sun is chsiracteristic of old age. " Together they totter about. Or sit in the sun at the door ;'' Darby and Joan. MAD. Cic. Sen. 16 KG. [" Mein Stab soil itik-h Greisen vor die Scltwelle mciner Hiittefii/trcn, da will i< h mic/i der kominendvii Sonne gegenilberset- zen;''^ Geszner Paiemon.] 180. We now come to the tyrannj- of Superstition. The Herodians were a considerable party among the Jews. Under Herod the Great, the government attained a pitch of power, which it had not reached since the captivity. He was greatly favoured by Dolab lia and Antony, and, subsequent'y, by Augus- tus ; who, like the two former, extended his empire, and, at his request, conferred privileges and immunitiesupon the Jews then resident in P.ome: to this, must be added that he restored the temple, the idol of Jewish vanity, with surpassing magnifii ence. This was enough for that factious and selfish people : many of them honoured his memory, (execrable as it was,) and kept the A; y of his acces- sion as a festival. Persius, like all the writers of his thne, speaks of the Jews with equal ignorance and contem|it ; and , in this place, confounds a simph- festival with their solemn sabbaths. GIF. Sch. CS. PRA. s. Juv. xiv, 96 ff, notes. St Matthew xiv, 6 ; St Mark vi, 21. J»f.<4^. [HAR, Obs. i, 9.] 181. Juv. xii,90 — 92, noieB. niorntm' Dei aiicilla in laribiis alienis, ct inter illos omnibus lionoribus deemonum, om- nibns solennibus regiim ., incipienteanno., incipiente mensc, nidore tlniris agitabi- tur : et procedat de janiia Iniiveata ct liirernntn, ut de novo consistorio tibidi- nu/n publiraritnt ; Teit. ad U x. xi. PUA. Vomuere; Virg. 2E. v, 682. MAD. 182. Cuniano rubicundam pulvere testam; Mart, xiv, 114, 1; pnropsis rubra ; xi, 27, 6. PRA. This is put by hypallage for ' the dish embracing the tail of the fish.' L UB. ' The red earthen- ware,' 'the large coarse fish,' and ' the tail,' which was not the prime part of it, ' the whitejug,' and ' thefrothy wine,' are all mentioned contemptuously and with reference to the meanness and poverty of the Jews. MAD. 183. Prceci),ua magnitudine thynni: invenimus talenta xv pependis.se : ejus- dem candcB Intitudinon (iniinfue ciibita et palnmm: Plin. ix, 15 or 17 and 20. PRA. Tuniet maj' simply mean ' is filled to the brim.' CS. or '' The crude must foams o'er the pitcher's brims." GIF. s. Virg. G. ii, 6. 184. Cf. ii, 6, note. Pi?^. ' The sabbaths of the circumcised.' Sch. Mart, vii, 29, 5, KG. 185. Understand tinientur. CS. som- nia, terrores ningiros, miraiida, sagas, nocturnos lent k res, portentuqiie Tlics- sala rides? Hor. Ep. ii, 2, 208 f. ani- mus virtute pcrfertus genius iwealur. attiniinn liumanum enteritis vitcestipen- diis eorpore suo abjurantem vetere Latina lingua I e m u r e m diet Hat uni re- perio. e.T liisee lemur ibus (jii i posternruni suorum (niram sort it us, placato et t/iiieto numine domum possidet, Lar familiaris dicitur : fjui vera ob adversa vita; merita, SAT. V. OF PERSIUS. 75 Tunc graudes Galli et cum sistro lusca saceidos Incussere deos inflantes corpora, si non Prajdictum ter raane caput gustaveris alii. Dixeris h^ec inter varicosos centuriones, 190 Continuo crassum ridet Volfeuius ingens, Et centum Graecos curto centusse licetur. vk/Hs bojiis sedihus, inrerta vagatione, sei( ifuodam exsilio pi(nitH)\ inane (erri- ctilamentum bonis hominibus^ cetertnu noxiiau matis, idgemtap/eriytte harvas perhibent. cum vero iitcertinn est^ qiice cuique eorttm sortitio evenerif, iitri/m Lar sit, an Larva, nomine Man em deum nunciipaiit; Apul. deD. Socr. duat tibi Deus obvias species Morfuornm, (/iddifuid Uinbrarinii est usqiiam, quid- (juidLeinuruni,quidquidManium, quid- quid Larvarum, oculis tuis aggerat, omnia noctiuin occiirsacula, omnia bus- torumfonnidamina, omnia se/juk-rorum terriculamenta ; id. Apol. s. Varr. de V. P. K. i ; Ov. F. V, 419 ff. PRA. Eggs were much used in lustrations and expiations. Ov. A. A. ii, 329 fj Hor. Ep.v, 19f. JiTG. Ifaneggbroke when put on the fire, it portended jeo- pardy to the person or property of the individual. Sch. There was another su- perstition relative to an egg: hue per- tinet ovoruin, ut exsorbuerit quisque, calices cocltlearumque protinus frangi aut eosdem coclilearibus perforari ; Plin. xxviii,2or4. The dangerwasin case the shells should be pricked with a needle. r. Many persons even at the present day, after eating an egg, always break the bottom of the shell ; some from su- perstitious motives, and others without knowing why. 18«. See Juv. vi, 513, note. PRA. Gain ' priests of Cybele' said to be so called after Gallus a river of Phrygia, whose water ilrove them mad ; Pliu. xi, 49. V:\TTO. inter viridem Ci/belen altas- que Cclanas aninis it in.sana, nomine (jidlus, aqua : qui bibit inde,J'urit\ Ov. F. iv, 3«3 ff. PRA. Sistro; Juv. xiii, 93, note. Apuleius calls it nureum crepituvnlnm ; 1. e. K.Q. it was also made of silver or brass. PRA. This one-eyed lady, having never had a matrimonial oflcr, devoted herself to the HtTviceof Isis, Sch. where her defect might be turned to good account, for she might represent it as the act of the of- fended goddess: if the ministers of that deity were so exposed to her wrath, what must other mortals be ? s. Juv. xiii, 93; Ov. Pont, i, 1, 51 ff. PRA. MAD. 187. ' Have inculcated the dread of the gods:' LUB.\. e. of Venus and her son. SM. T. Ulcers and tumours are very common in Syria and Egypt. A ret. Morb. Ac. 6. t»w lu^'ia* hot ol "huirihaifiovis vofiiXouifiv, an f^aiviSa rig n a.(f>uas (pdyyi. to, a.trix.vr,i/.ia. ^nafiuv, 'iXxlai Plut. M. xiv, 9; CS. Mart, iv, 43, 2. PRA. 188. ' Named before you e:it it.' Z f/"^. [perhaps the same as prcescriptum.] ' A head of garlick eaten fasting' was reckoned a specific against magical fascination. LUB. T. 189. 'Sr^uTiuTixrt aXoyia was pro- verbial among the Geeeks. PRA. Surely Persius has shown little judgement in propounding his Stoical paradoxes to such an audience: but he seems to bear a rooted dislike to the soldiery; and whenever he has occasion for a more illiterate and worthless character than ordinary, he commonly repairs to the camp for him. His conduct, in this instance, will perhaps remind the reader of Fielding and Smollett, who, in com- pliance with the wretched cant of tlieir times, manifested a patriotic abhorrence of the military, and seldom went further for a blockhead, a para-site, or an adept in low villainy, than the Army List. We have outlived this stupid piece of injustice; and a " led-captain" is no longer considered as the indispensable V i c e of every novel. G IF. Vnrirosos; .Juv. vi, 397, note; Sol. p. 3G3. {SM.) KG. 190. ' Sets up a horse-laugh.' PRA. Ingens ; 95, note. 191. ' And, for a hundred of your Greeks, bids short of a hundred pence,' LUIS. s. Petr. 40. {BU.) KG. SATIRE VI. ARGURIENT. This is one uf the most pleasing- iiuil orif^inal of these Satires. Its jiriniary ohjeet is to point out the proper use of riches: and (lie author (after a heautiful exordium, in which the genius and learning of his friend Bassus are complimented with all the warmth of friendship, 1..6;) exhibits his own conduct in the regulation of his desires, as explanatory \)f his views, 6. .24. A kind and liberal attention to the necessities of ot' ers is then recom- mended ; and the various artifices of avarice to disguise its sordid and selfish feelings under the specious names of prudence, ancient simplicity, a regard for the welfare of successors, &c ; are detected and exposed with marked severit}', 25, .40. The poem concludes Avith some sarcastic reproof of the greediness of heirs in expectation, 41.. 74; and a striking description of the nature of cupidity, which strengthens Avith indulgence, and becomes more craving in proportion as it is more abundantly supplied, 75. .80. This Satire is not only the most agreeable and original, but the most in- teresting of our author's works. It was evidently written by him, under the consciousness of irrecoverable disease, while yet in the flower of youth, possessed of an independent fortune, of estimable friends, of dear connections, and of a cultivated mind ; a situation in itself suffici- ently affecting, and which is rendered still more so, by the placid, and even cheerful spirit which pervades every part of the poem, GIF. SAT. VI. THE SATIRES OF PERSIUS. 77 Admovit jam biuma foco te, Basse, Sabino ? Jarane lyra et teUico vi\ unt tibi pectine chorda) r Mire opifex nuuieris veterum priinordia vociini Atque mareui strepitum fidis intendisse Latinoe, 5 Mox juvenes agitare jocos et pollice honesto Egregios liisisse senes? Mihi nunc Ligus ora Intepet hiberuatque uaeum mare, qua latus ingens Dant scopuli et mulla litus se valle receptat. 1. From this it appears that the wealthy Romans changed their resi- lience with the seasons ; and that they not only resorted to their villas in the spring, but at other times, when they were disposed for study and retirement. Cie. Att. Suet, ii, 72; Hor. Ep. i, 7, 15; PR J. Ep. ii, 2, 65 ff; 77 f; Plin. Ep. i, 9. KG. Literary charac- ters, like our poets, were glad of any pretence to escape from the riotous excesses and the anarchy of the Satur- nalia. GIF. Bruma novi prima est veterisqxie novisstma soils; Ov. F. i, 168; with us ' St. Thomas's day.' Festus. PRA. Foci's is used for prcetliinu, on ac- count of the time of the year. KG. Ccesiiis Bassus^ an eminent lyric poet ; who was destroyed, together with his country house, in that great eruption of Vesuvias, Sch. in which Pliny the elder is also said to have perished. GIF. He is mentioned as approaching most nearly to Horace: Quint. Inst, x, 1, 96 ; PRA. Prop, i, 4, 1 ; (BKH.) WF. P. L. M. t. iii, p. xxxiii ; ff; KG. and p. 19. DBN. 2. " ^Vhile the strings quicken to thy manly quill." GiF.Ov. A. A. i, 721; Sen. H. F. 579 f ; li/rn et c/tordie for ' strings of the lyre.' On this instrument, -. Hor. Od. i, 10, 6 ; iii, 2, 3.(./C.) KG. 3. ' Of wondrous skill in adapting to minstrelsy the early forms of ancient words, and the masculine strain of the F>atin lute' It would :ip|iear from this, that Hassus was an antiquary aini had successfully transferred to his odes some f>f the nervous words of the older dialects of liis countiy. 1VB. " Great workman ! whose blest muse sweet lines affordes. Full of the native beauty of old wordes." HOL. 4. Inli'iidissr numeris is the sanica ninncris rondrrc \ Ov. F. vi, 24; nv nnmeris coercere; id. Pont, iv, 8, 7.3 ; s. Virg. JE. ix, 776 ; Hor. Ep. i, 3, 12 f. KG. 5. Juvenes i'ox juveniles] LUB.O\. Tr. V, 1, 7. KG. A gif are Jocos; Ov. M. iii, 319; the same as Jocari. KG. Jocos ; Ov. Tr. ii, 494 ; iii, 2, 4. KG. ' Amatory and playful themes.' LUB. Musa dedit jidibus juvenum curas et libera vina refer re; Hor. A. P. 83 tf. CS. " With moral touch." GIF. 6. Ludere for canere; as in Virg. E. i, 10; PRA. Hor. Od. iv, 9, 9. or ' to play the good old man' by assum- ing an air of authority and senten- tiousness: boniim civem ludere; Cic. Ep. viii, 9. KG. (s. BY, on H. O. i, ] , 5. K. Fjregius v. 1.] He was staying with his motlier Fulvia Sisennia, who, after his father's death, married again ; her second hus- band was a Ligurian. Sch. Ligus is here a feminine adjective. LUB. 7. Maria agitata veiitis ita tepescujtt, ut intelligi facile possif in fan f is illis Aumoribiis inch/sum esse ralorem : nee euini ille eaternns et advent itius lia- hendus est tcpor, sed e,r infitnis maris pnrtibus agitatione eacitatus: Cic. N. D. ii, 10or2();Pl?,^.Plut. M.lxiii,8; s. Prop, iv, 1, 124. (PA.) KG. Defendetis pisces hijemat mare; Hor.'S. ii, 2, 17- PRA. vernat; Sen. Ep. 114. KG. 8. Danl^ present.' •rt^ixXtiiTtn o >.ifi,nv WTtiiiTui- Strab. V ; PRA. Sil. viii, 480 ; {R.) s. Virg. JE. i, 105; iii, 653 Ifj V. Flac. i, 619; Claud, xlix, 37. KG. Luna where the villa stood wa.s one of the many convenient anort>i nobilc; Plin.iii,5;xiv,G; xxxvi.i^A'^. Ennius must have known ' the port of Luna' well. It was there that the Romans usually took shipping for Corsica and Sardinia; the latter of which islands the poet often visited, in company with the elder Cato. GIF. Ojjertv, understand pretiinn. LUB. [Liv. xxi, 9, 4. PLR, " prefium."] 10. Cor is often used for ' sense.' PRA. Hence the adjectives conlatxs, excors, vecors, &j-c; Cic. T. Q. i, !) ; hoc est non modo cor non liahcre, sed ne palatum (iuid'j)ii\ Fin. ii, 28. KG. cor Enni will be a periphrasis, like those so frequent in Juvenal, and will mean ' Ennius in his senses.' LUB. s. Juv. iv, 39, note. ' He ceased to dream.' LUB. s. pr. 2. PRA. 11. Homer was called Mcconides, PRA. as a native of Smyrna in Lydia, which was anciently called Ma-onia. MAD. [Hor. O. i,'6, 2 ; iv, 9, 6 f.] " "When, all his dreams of transmigra- tion past, He found HimselfplainQu i n- tus at the \^stV' GIF. Q. E/uiii/s born at Rudii in Campania, aViOut 514 Y. R. the most ancient Latin poet after Livius Andronicus, wrote the Annals of the Roman People and other poems, of which only fragments remain, s. Gell. xvii, 17; Cic. T. Q. i, 34. Eniiins et sapiens et fortis et alter Homerus, ut critici diciuUi levlter curare videtur 'jiio promissa eadant et somiiia Pi/tlm- gorea; Hor. Ep. ii, 1, 50 ff. PRA. For further particulars see A. [Phaid. i, 1.1 Our poet here ridicules the Pytha- gorean doctrine of the metempsychosis, s. Ov. M. XV, IGO ff; Tert. de An, 24 f ; pai'um se meminit Homerus E/inio soMuiante : sed poetis nee vigilantihus credam; ib. 33 f; de Res. Cam. i, 7; S. Hier. Ap. adv. Ruf. iii, end ; Lact. iii, 18 ; vii, 23 ; PRA. Cic. S. Sc. 1 ; Lucr. 1, 118. .127; Hyg. F. 112; s. Prop, iv, 1, 64; Hor. Ep. ii, 2 100. KG. 12. " Careless of what the vulgar think or say." GIF. Virg. JE. i, 360; X, 325 ; Hor. Od. ii. IG, end ; S. i, 1, not. KG. Quid cogitef /lumidus Auster; Virg. G. i, 462 ; t/uid /lamine captet Auster] Prop, iii, 3, 52. KG. 13. Arboril/usf/ue satistpue Notus pecorique sinister; Virg. G. i, 444; PRA.Uox. Od. ii, 14, 15 f; S. ii, 6, 18 f; Plin. H. N. ii, 48. KG. The Italians call this wind Sirocco. MAD. si angulus ille projcirnus accedat, qui nunc denorrnat ngellum ! Hor. S. ii, 6, 8 f. PRA. 1 5. Ne plusjrtimenti dotalihus emetat ngris Mucius : ind/gnu)n, quod sit pejo- ribus ortus; Hor. Ep. i, 6, 21 f. PRA. 16. Jam iiigor et quasso languent in corporc vires ! . . . conjiteor facere hoc annos ; sed et altera causa est, anxietas animi continuusque labor; Ov. Pont, i, 4, 3 &c; PRA. M. ii, 760 ; Hor. Ep. i, 18, 47; Sen. Hip 1127 ff; aT^/'« yap IV KaKOTUTi ji^oroi Karay^^ttixKoum' Horn. Od. T 360 ; Hes. O. i). !)3. KG. ' Without good cheer.' MAD. s. Hor. A. P. 422; PRA. iv, 17; KG. [Hor. E. i, 14, 21.] 17. It was the custom of the Romans to pour melted pitch over the mouth of their wine vessels, on which, when suf- ficiently cooled for the purpose, they im|)ressed tlieir signets. Sus])icious of his slaves, the miser is ludicrously repre- sented as bending over the jar, and prying so narrowly into the state of the seal as to touch it with his nose; the wine too, for which all tliis solicitude SAT. VI. OF PERSIUS. 79 Discrepet his alius. Gerainos, horoscope, varo Producis genio! Solis natahbus est qui 20 Tingat olus siccum luuria vafer in calice erata, Ipse sacrum irrorans patinae piper. Hie bona deiite Grandia niagnanimus peragit puer. Utar ego, utar, "Nee rhombos ideo libertis ponere lautus, Nee tenuem solers turdarum nosse salivaui. is manifested, is not unworthy of the rest of the picture, it is good for nothing. GIF. CS. T. s. Hor. Ep. ii, 2, 134. nam id demit m lepidiim est triparcos homines vetulos^ avidos, aridos bene admordere, fpii saliniim servo obsignant cum sale; Plaut. Pers. ii, 2, 14 fi'; siciit olim matrent meant facere meniini, qngers, were to be in all respects alike: Lampr. s, Gell. xiv, 1; PRA. Prop, iv, J, 89. (VP. BU.) KG. Horoscope; on the prosopopceia, s. Quint. Inst, viii, 5. KG. Varo i. e. vario ; L UB. iv, 12. PRA. 19. Producis; Juv. vi, 241 , note. Natalibus; Juv. xi, 83 ff, notes; MAD. V, 151, note. KG. 20. Every word in this description is expressive of meanness. Tingat; Hor. S. ii, 2, 60 ff; oh/s; ib. i, 74 ; Juv. x, 78 f. siccum. opposed to unctuni, 16. nviria ' the brine in which tunny W;iiipickle a/u.'^r^uviTai ^a^u /niXo{ ciov t^Uf.ffTO,; ya/Jt.ix.ui trriuit' Arist. hill, iv, -z. 24. The feminine turdarum is here used by c a t a c h r e s i s ; Sch. jierhaps because the hen-thrushes were con- sidered the more delicious. MAD. For the cognoscenti of Italy " saperano dire gustando Ii tordi, s'crano domestici 6 purselvaggi, e se niasc/ii o pur femine.^' SUI. These birds were accounted such great delicacies by the Romans, that they had particular buildings attached to their houses for breeding and fatten- ing them for the table. GIF. s. Plin. X, 24; Ath. ii, 24. obeso nil melius turdo; Hor. Ep. i, 15, 41 f; S. ii, 6, 10; S. i, 6, 72; inter aves turdus, si f/uis me judice certet; inter ijuadru- pcitcs gloria prima Icjius; Mar;, xiii. so THE SATIR]:S SAT. VI. '2;") Mcsse teims propria vive: et granaria (fas est) Junole. Qxud mctuas .'' Occa, et segcs altera in herba est. " A St vocaf oinciuni : trabe rupta, Bruttia saxa rri'iidit ainiciis iuops reinqur omnoni surdaque vota Coiulidit lonio: jacct i])sc in litore et una 30 Ingentes de puppe dei jaiuque obvia uiergis Costa ratis laceroe." Nunc el rle cespite vivo Frange ali(]uid ; largire inopi, ne pictus oberret Cajnilca in tabula. 8ed eoeuaui luncris licres Negliget iratus, quod rem curtaveris : urna; 35 Ossa inodova dabit, seu spirent cinnania siu-dum Sen ceraso peccent cas , nescire paratus. 92; 51. PR J. KG. Juniper berries were an iiiipv)rt;iiit article in their food. LUB. Sa//va?)i ' the flavour,' Sch. Varro L. L.viii ; Plin xxiii. Metliymneei grata saliva meri ; Prop. iv. 8, 38. PRA. '25. ' Harvest is here put for ' income.' LUB. •2(). Qnidmetuas? St Matthew vi, 34 MAD. Orca; ' cultivate your land.' MAD. Ov. F. iv.645. KG.' " First the blade, then the ear, then the full corn in the ear ;'' St Mark iv, 28 ; MAD. s. Ov. Her. xvii, 263. (HS.) KG. 27. By ' the Bruttian rocks' is here meant tlie rujrged southern coast of Italy to the westward of the Straits of Messina. KG. 28. Pre II sant eiiK/ 11 e unci's man i- bns capita ardua mantis; Virg. M. vi, 360 ; OS. Hom. Od. E 426 ff. KG. Surdiis is sometimes taken in a pas- sive sense, ' unheard ;' LUB. as ccecns is for ' unseen.' 30. The tutelarj' gods were placed at the stern : these the pious merchant had by bis exertions rescued from the wreck. T. s. Virg. iE. X, 171 ; Hor. Od. i, 14, 10; Pi2y4. Petr. 105; Virg. .E. viii, 93; V, 60; Ov. Tr. i, 10, 1 ; (JBTS.) ib. 43 f. KG. His piety was rewarded by the preservation of his life, when all else periphed. \ADI), D. on M. t. i, p. 459. If Juvenal had saigaiat Stadius ; neu dicta repoue patevna, — ' Feueris accedat merces ; hiue exime sumtus 1' was inevitable ami not very remote. GTF. Lnmpatln. This is an allusion to the torch-races at Atliens. Seh. Plat. Lcij;. vi; KG. TO TYis agirrii (p'iyyos Xai^rta- iivifiivov iirciXXriXois ha^ox'^'ii 'urixi'""' yifr.jsTcci KotifjLa)- Philo ; C>S. Varv. li. R. iii, IG, 9;'w pnUe.stra f/iii tcedns ardetifes nccipit, cekrior est in ciirsn continuo, (piam ille (jui tradit :. . .pro- pterea finuil drfatigalus cursor dat in- tegrofacem; Cor. Heren. 4; Lu; lent for similar rehearsalB. The name of 9-2 THE SATIRES SAT. I. Exspectes eadem a sumnio niiuiiiioquc poeta I 15 Et nos orgo luanuin ferulic subduxiinus, ct nos Consilium dcdimus Sulla;, privatus ut altum Donnirct. Stulla est clcmcnlia, qunm tot ubique Vatibu"? occurras, porituriu parcere cliarta;. Cur tanun hoc potius libeat (Iccurrcre campo, 20 Per quern uiagnus eq'ios Auruncx flcxit alumnus, Si vacat et placidi rationem adniittitis, edam. Quum tener uxovem ducat spado, Ma^via Tuscum Figat aprum et nuda teneat venabula raainma ; Fronto was common to many Romans. je. ' Plane-trees,' on account of their luxuriant shade, were grreat favourites with the aneientsi. s. Plat. Phrrdr. p. 388, A ; Cic. de Or. i, 7, 28 ; Prop, ii, 32, 11 ff. IINR. R. The ' marbles' were either (l.oue witli which tlie walls were built, or inlaid; B R L or the marble pavements, coiumns, and statues of Fronto's villa. MAD. [s. vii, 79. 0W.'\ Co/ivi//sa, clamant, and rupta must be taken hy perbolically , as cnntii (jiiertilte rvmpeiit arbtista cicadce; Virg. G. iii, 328. GV. 14. Scribivuis inilocti doctif/ue poe- mntn passim; Hor. E. ii, 1, 117- BRl. INIartial appears to have entertained an equally mean opinion of these liackneyed subjects : iv, 4i) ; x, 4. GIF. [This line is considered spurious by DB.] 15. ['I too have ilinched under the ferule ;' ct nos ergo in potest nte marjistri fiiimtfs, Epist. tjod. Socrat. p. 24. DB.] Juvenal means that he had known what it was to be a school-boy. Fendce tristes, sceptra ptedagorjoriim, Mart, x, 62, 10; were used as 'the cane' to punish scholars by striking them across the palm. PRA. It was natural for boys to withdraw their hand when the blow was coming. MAD. [Ov. Am. i, ]3, 17 f; A. A.'i, 15 f.] Ergo, ' with that object in view.' /f. 16. IJoys were taught Rhetoric by having a thesis proposed on which thty were to take the opposite sides of the question, s. vii, 1.50 tf; Senec. Suas. iii ; v ; vi ; vii ; Ciceroni dabimns consi- lium, III Antoniitm roget, vel Pfiilip- pirri.t critrat ; Quint, iii, 8, 46. R. The subject wh'cli Juvenal had to handle wa^ of the deliberalive kind, advising L. Cornelius Sulla to retire from public life. Sulla did resign the perpetual dictatorship; and died the following year. For his character, see Sail. B. J. and Val. Maxim, ix, 2. LUB. PRA. Prince Henry thus apostrophises his father's crown : " Golden care ! That keep'st the ports ofslumber open wiile To many a watchful night! — Sleep with it now ! Yet no so sound, and half so deeply sweet, As he, whose brow, with homely biggin bound. Snores out the watch of night;" K. H. 4th, pt. ii, A. iv, sc. 4. [vii, 161 . . . 164 ; x, 167.] 19. The metaphor is taken from the chariot races in the Campus Martins, MAD. or in the Circensian games, s. Ov. Fast, ii, 360; iv, 10; vi, 586, &c. R. 20. ' Lucilius,' a native of Suessa, (which was afterwards called S. Au- runca, from the Aurunci migrating thither when pressed by a war with the Sidicini,) was the first regular satirist. SCA. LUB. GIF. He wrote thirty books. R. 22. Roman ladies ' married eunuchs' to avoid having a family, vi, 368. BRI. Spectncula magnijica nssiilue ct sump- fuosa edidit (Domitianus);.. .venationes gladiatoresque ;. . .ncc virorum modo pugnas, scd et feminarum ; Suet, xii, 4; s. vi, 246 ff; Mart. Spect. ep. vi ; Tac. An. xv, 33: Stat. Sylv. i, 6, 53. Severus put a stop to this disgraceful practice: Xiphil. Sev. Ixxv, 16. BRI. L. Meevia denotes no individual in particular. K. ' The Tuscan hoars' were said to be peculiarly fierce. GV. The epithet, howcvtr, may be orna- mental, as Mars us nj/cr; Hor. Od. i, 1, 28. /?. 2.'}. Sii'li vvas the costume both of SAT. I. OF JUVENAL. 03 Patricios omnes opibus quum provocet unus, 25 Quo tondenle gravis juveni mihi barba sonabat; Quum pars Niliacae plebis, quum verna Canopi Ciispinus, Tyrias humero revocante lacernas, Venlilet aestivum digitis sudanlibus aurum, the Amazons and of huntresses ; as of Penthesilea,Virg.yE.i, 492; of Camilla, ib. xi, 649; of Asbyte, Sil. ii, 78; and of Diana; ib. xii, 715. R. 24. The person here meant is either Licinus the freedman and barber of Au- gustus ; (Hor. A. P. 301;) or rather Cinnamus, (x, 225 ;) qui tonsor fuerat tola notissimus i/rbe, etpost hcec domino; mnnere factus eques\ Mart, vii, 64. GY.PRA. 25. This line recurs x, 226. GY. It is a parody on candidior posfquam ton- denti barba cadebat ; Virg. E. i, 29. PRA. The term juvenis extended to the middle period of life, which the •KorAs gravis and sonabat seem to denote. The satirist is pointing out the rapid rise of his quondam tonsor. GIF. 26. The condition of verna was lower than that of servus, as being born to servitude. The latter name is derived from servare, because generals used to givequarterto theirenemies, and ' save' prisoners in order to sell them : Florent. Dig. i, 5, 4. The former name was originally given to those born during ver sacnnn; Nonn. i, 206: it having been a custom among the people oif Italy in great emergencies to devote to the gods whatever should be born during the next spring. Paul, ex Fest; F. Livy xxii, 10; 9, 11. Such victims resembled the C'herem of the Hebrews. 8. Judges xi. Cnnopus [twelve miles] from Alex- andria, was notorious for a temple of Serapis, and the scene of every grossness and debauchery. FAR. vi, 84; R. xv, 46. PRA. This city was built by Alenelausand named after his pilot. Sch. 27. Crispinusi rose, under Nero, from the condition of a slave, to riches and honours. His connexion with that monster recommended him to Domitian, with whom he seems to have been in high favour : he shared his counsels, ministered to Jtis amusements, and was the ready instrument of his cruelties. For these, and other causes, Juvenal regarded him with perfect detestation: and whenever he introduces him, (which he does oo all occasions,) it is vv'ith mingled contempt and horror. Here he is not only a ' Niliacan,' (an expression which conveyed more to Juvenal's mind than it does to ours,) but a ' Canopian,' a native of the most profligate spot in Egypt : not only one of the dregs of the people, but a slave; and not only a slave, but a slave bom of a slave ! Hence the poets indignation at his effeminate luxury. GIF. The ' Tyrian' purple was a very ex- pensive dye : x, 38 ; G. iii, 81 : the most costly dresses were twice dipt ; induerat Tyrio bis tinctam 7nurice pallam ; Ov. F. ii, 107. Lacerna, 62 ; ix, 28 ; signifies a ' loose upper mantle,' also called abolla ; G V. nescit cni dederit Tyriam Crispinus abollam, dian jnutat cu/liis, 8)-c ; Martial viii, 48 GIF. Revocante has been variously inter- preted. It may mean that the cloak was looped up and fastened on the shoulder by a clasp : G. fibula mordaci refngas a pectore vestes dente cap it; Sidon. ii, 396; revue at fiilvas in pectore pedes; Claudian. v, 79; xx, 183; Pru- dent. Psych. 186 fif. R. Or that, the weather being hot, the mantle was not fastened ; therefore the shoulder ever and anon endeavoured by shrugging to hoist up and replace the robe ; which was as constantly slipping off from it, and the more so from the waving of the arm to and fro, 28 ; MAD. as well as from the awkwardness of a wearer but newly accustomed to such finery. R. The most simple interpre- tation, however, seems to be that the delicate shoulder, which in winter had laid aside its summer mantle for a wanner cloak, now, with the change of weather, ' resumed' its thinner robes: rcvocare being opposed to omittcre ; Suet. X, 16; HEI. to infcrniittere \ Cic. T. Q. i, 1 ; to nmiffere; Iil. E. vii, 26 end; and signifying in nsiini rrdii- rere: e. ii, 30; Hor. Od. iv, 15, 12; Suet. V, 22 ; Tac. An. i, 20. F. 28. The Romans were so eft'eminatr 94 THE SATIRES SAT. I. Ncc sutreire «jiieat niajoris jiondera gcnunas : 30 nifFicilo est Satinun iion sciiberc. Nam quis iiiiqiuc Taui ])aliens lh"bis, tain fcrrcus, ut tcneat so, Causidici nova quiim vcniat leclica Matlionis Plena ij)so ? post hunc nuigni delator aniici, Et cite raptuius do nobilitato coniesa, 35 Quod supcrest; qucm Massa timet, quern munero palpal as to wear a lia;hter ring in warm wea- ther: T. riiiK xxxiii, 1: PRA. and even this ' summer ring' {lev is annul as ; Mart. V, Gl, 5 ; G V.) was o])j)ressively liot: s. vi, 259 ff; (jKod fciicr diyitiis ferrc rcciiset, onus] Ov. Am. ii, 1(5, 22 ; JR. s. J3CE, p. 412. Servants wore an iron ring, plebeians one of silver, and those of equestrian rank a golden one. Freedmen were allowed to wear the latter, if tliey had an equestrian estate, but were not considered actual knights. PLA. Veiifilare may mean ' to take off from the linger and fan back- wards and forwards in order to cool it ;' BRI. or ' to wave the hand affectedly, to and fro in the air, in order to show oif the rine:' yiXoToi oi 'prXovroZvrts . xa) rug Xov; v^oTiUovTts' Luc. Nigr. 21. R. [s. GIF, on xi, 43. This " was not anciently so great an hyperbole as it is uow, for I have seen old lloman rings so very thick about, and with such large stones in them, that 't is no won- der a fop should reckon them a little cumbersome in the summer season of 60 hot a climate;" ADD, R. p. 101.] 30. See Her. S. ii, \. R. 31. Ovid. Am. ii, 5, 11; fand re- peatedly;] Tib. ii, 3, 2. ffHtiodp^uv: fcrrca pectora; vii, 159; //// roLur rf tes tripte.c circa pectus crat ; Hor. ()d. i, 3, 9; i2. Mart, xi, 27, 1. 32. These ' litters resembled oriental palanquins : they were fitted up with couches on which grandees or ladies reclined, and were carried by six or eight slaves: 64. PRA. MAD. Re- cens sella Unt'tisquc lorisque; Mart. ii,57,6. FAR. Matlio, vii, 129 ; xi,34 ; was starving as a ' lawyer,' and there- upon turned informer, wliich he found a more profitable trade; he has now set up his sedan, and is grown so im- moderately fat as to ' fill it himself.' s. 136. Sch. DRJ. GIF. Martial often attacks him: iv, 80 ; 81; viii, 42; x, 46 ; xi, 68. PRA. 33. [' Full of my Lord.' Here and in many other places, ipse may be rendered ' the great man;' s. 60; 136; ii, 100; 147.] Eitlier (1) Heliodorus the Stoic, who laid an information against his pupil L. Junius Silanus: or (2) Eg- natius Celer the philosopher who denounced his pupil tiarea Soranus to Nero, iii, 116; and was afterwards himself condemned under Vespasian on the accusation of Musonius Ivufus: or (3) Demetrius the lawyer, who laid informations against several in Nero's reign: Sch, or (4) M. I'eguhis, wlio became formidable to ' the emperor's friends' as well as his own ; BRI. om- nium bipedum ncipiissirnus ; see Pliny i, 5, 20; ii, 5, 20; iv,2, 7; vi,2;Tac. Hist, iv, 42 ; s. magna ainieitia; iv, 74; vi, 559; 313. PRA. R. The dif- ficulty of fixing on any particular name affords matter for melancholy reflection. That so many should at the same period be t^uilty of the complicated crimes of treachery and ingratitude, gives a dreadful picture of the depravity then prevalent in lionie. GIF. 31. The nobility were ruined by pro- scriptions and confiscations ; L UB. and the informers came in for their share of the spoil. PRA. 35. Hi sunt, f/uos timcnt etiam qui timetttur; Sidon. Ep. v, 7. R. Massa, Carus, and Latinns were freedmen of Nero and notorious in- formeis. The two former were put to death on the information of Heliodorus, although they had given him hush- money. The latter was executed on suspicion of having intrigued with Messalina. Sch. (]jut these particulars are C I'lii-: SATiKi:s SAT. I. 1-3 Quid refcniui, qu.inta sifcnni jecur ardeat ira, (.^uinn populnin grcgibiis cuinitum prcinit hie spoliator I'lipilli prostaiUis ? et hie dainiiatus inani .ludicio ((piid cu'un salvis inCauiia uuiuis ?) Kxsnl ab octava Marius bibit ct fiuitur dis oO Iralis; at tii victrix proviiicia ploras ? HsBc fgo lion credam Vcnusiua digna lucerna? II;uc ego lion agiteiu ? Sed quid luagis Heracleas tlinii, certamen Gracce Latineeque fa- vnndicE^ quo ferunt victorihus prtvmia vivtos cojttn/isse, eorundon ct laiiilcn componere coactos : eos anto/i, r/?ti 7iinjrime displicuissnnt, scriptu sua s/o/ir/ia liuguave ilelerv Jiixsos, nisi fernlis objiirgari aut flumine proximo mergi malitissent; Suet, iv, 20. LUB, ' The altar at Lyons' was at the con- fluence of the S>oane and the Rhone, where the abbey of Asnay now stands. This has been looked upon as a sacred spot from the earliest ages. After the subjection of the country, the natives built a temple and altar here to Augus- tus, and renewed the ancient festival, to which there was annually a great resort, s. Dio liv; lix, 19; Strab. iv; Suet. V, 2. K. GIF. 45. The ancients considered the 'liver' as the suat of the passions: Jervens difficili bile tumet Jecur ; Hor. Od. i, 13, 4; [{JN-)] torrere jecur; Od. iv, 1, 12 ; MA D. facit ira tiocen- tcm hunc sexum, et rabie jecur incen- dente feruntur jireecipites; vi,647f; s. vii, 117; xiii, 14;181; Pers. i, 12; 25; ii, 13; V, 129; Claud, viii, 240 ff; Horn. II. A 81 ; I 550. CS. R. 46. Quern grex togafus sequitur ; Mart, ii, 57, 5. Comites (119;) de- notes ' retainers, dependents, clients, &c;' R. whereas socii are ' equals.' s. Hor. Od. i, 7, 26. 47. Rather pupi//ce: s. iii, 65; vi, 123; ix, 24. 7{. ' Reduced to seek a wretched livelihood by prostitution.' PRJ. Marius Prisons, proconsul of Africa, was tried in the third year of Trajan for extortion, condemned to disgorge into the treasury about £6000, and banished from Italy. The penalty was a mere trifle out of the vast sums he had accumulated by his rapacity ; and the province was not [only not] reim- bursed, [but had to pay the costs of the prosecution : s. ROB, Charles 5th p. 2 ;] Plin. ii, 11 f; PR A. GIF. 8. viii, 94 ft"; 119 ft'. 11. 48. Understand nocet. G. [Hor. S. i, I, 65 fl".] 49. It was the custom at Rome to take a bath at the eighth hour (2 o'clock in the afternoon), and to go to dinner at the ninth. AX. s. xi, 204; MAD. Mart, iv, 8; Hor. Ep. i, 7, 71 ; and see notes on vi, 419 ; Ii. and on Pers. iii, 4. [Ecclesiastes x, 16 f ; Acts ii, 15.] ' Reaps the fruits of divine wrath,' being better off than he was before his condemnation. Thus Juno says of He-cules, " superat et crescil walis, iraque nostra j'ruitur ; in laudes suas mea vertit odia;" Sen. H. F. 34 ; G. whence his name "u^as xXios. PR A. Pecrat : vitio tainen utit u r ; Pers. ii, 68. R. 60. See v, 158; ix, 77; inveniet nil sibi, prater plorare, suisque; Hor. S. ii, 5, 68 ; R. [tS^irxtit «£St» rrXhi dtiecfffiai Ta^iv Soph. Pti. 286.] Viiicere was a forensic term. GRA. victrix is an insance of oxymoron. 51. ' The lucubrations of a Horace;' who was born at Venusia, LUB. on the confines of Lucania and Apulia: hence he speaks of himself as Lucanus an Appulus, anccps: nam Yenusinus arat jinem sub utr unique coUnws; S. ii, 1,34. PRA. 62. Quid for cur, as ri for J/asr/; understand yai///aA- scribam: ' on the labours of Hercules,' and ' the adven- tures of Diomede,' either the Thracian [Ov. lb. 383 f ;] who fed his stud on human flesh, or the ^toiian. Plin. x, 44; Ov. M. xiv, 640 ff; Virg. iE. xi, 324 ft". T. PRA. R. SAT. I. OF JUVENAL. 97 Aut Dioniedeas aut mugitum Labyrinthi Et mare percussum puero fabrunique volantem ? 55 Quum leuo accipiat raa3chi bona, si capiendi Jus nullum uxori, doctus spectare lacunar, Doctus et ad calicem vigilanli stertere naso ; Quum fas esse putet curam sjjerare cohortis, Qui bona donavit pr^esepibus et caret omni 60 Majorum censu, dum pervolat axe citato 63. ' The bellowing of the' Minotaur in the Cretan ' labyrinth ;' which was bu.lt by Daedalus on the plan of that in Egypt, only a hundred times smaller. There wa^5 a third in Lemnos, and a fourth in Italy. Plin. xxxvi, 13. The first is described by Herodotus, ii, 148. See Virg. JE. vi, 14.. 33; Ovid Met. viii, 135 if. PRA. 54. Plin. iv, 1 1 ; vii, 56. learns Icariis noynina fecit aquis ; Ovid. Tr. i, 1, 90; ceratis ope Deedalea nititur peniiis, vitrco datiirus >io?ni/ia ponto; Hor. Od. iv, 2, 2; eayertiis vacuum Deeilaliis aera pennis non homini datis; Od. i, 3, 34 ; Ov. Met. viii, 183 ff. This fable had its origin from the invention of mastt< and sails by Daeda- lus. PEA. 55. By a law of Domitian, an adul- teress was precluded from receiving any legacy or inheritance: Suet, xii, 8. To evade this law the fortune of the gallant was settled on the husband, wh« for this consideration turned pan- der to his wife's dishonour. BRI. s. ix, 82 ff; and particularly 87 f. HNR. 6G. As though absorbed in thought, or at any rate quite unobservant of what was going on. MAD. 67. Ipse miser vidi, cum me dormire pillar cs., siibrius npposHo criinina ves- irn mero; Ov. Am. ii, 5, 13. GRA. QumritaduUcros inter mar it i viiia ; . . . iioti sine conscio surgit marito ; Hor. Od. iii, C, 25; 29. PRA. Aut^ t/^ ynfioif irifiatri* Tu yiireti f'tyx^l, *aJ ''jt- (fiTai toZt «y ii/*»X«f i^yxria /ji.h irXirv. ftri (TKaTTiit a>.X' lucrof^d^u; axo^ty ■ yi/v, aW'trpitu oa^atri TrXivti'x fioffKOfA-in* l^armtiiiii. I{. Kakfiecf I'irria h\xiKr,Yav. ciKiTur Ti*i>( r^cr^uitrtt i^aht rn r^ociri^n, Kodaifiat,' lint, ' ovk eir^x, on fiovw tA a. I X. rt ■> a y. a, 6 1 {it a ;'' Plut. Erot. t. IX, p. 45. HNN. There was one Cepius of whom a similar story was told ; whence came the Latin proverb ' non omnibus dormio.' [Cic. E. vii, 24.] ER. ROD. There is a double meaning in the word vigilant i; though the man appeared to be fast asleep, yet his nose seemed to be wide awake, if you migbt judge by the noise it made. So an dormit Sce- ledrus intus ? Non naso quidein^ nam eo magno magnnm clamat; Plant. Mil. [iii, 2, 9 f.] Farquhar makes Mrs. Sullen give a similar account of her drunken husband: " Jly whole nigbt's comfort is the tunable serenade of that wakeful nightingale — his nose." MAD. 58. ' A military tribuneship.' Sch ' A prefectship of the praetorian band.' GV. A cohort consisted of 550 infantry and 6G cavalrj-. In legione sunt cen- turicB se.raginta, manipuli triginta, co- liortes decern; Gell. xvi, 4. AX. PRA. When the allies were admitted into the legions, the number of military tribunes' was probably increased to ten, one to command each cohort, s. x, 94 ; Cees. B. C. ii, 20; Plin. iii, 9; 18. L. R. 59. Either (1) Cornelius Pitscus is intended, who, when a boy, had driven Nero's chariot; he afterwards ' squan- dered his patrimony' in charioteering, and at last was made prefect of the prcetorian bands by Domitian, and fell in the Dacian war: iv, 112; Suet. T, or (2) Tiget/inifs, a man of obscure origin, MNC. and a depraved minister to Nero's pleasures, who also was pro- moted to a prefectship: 67; 155; Tac. An. xiv tV; Hist, i, 72 ; or (3) Varna- sijipus: viii, 14 7. I'RA. PrcEsej/ia is an ambiguous ierm, meaning either ' mangers' or ' bro- thels.' PLA. GO. The construction may be this : f/unm {is), qui. ..censu, fas. . .cohortis, }>8 TJiiC SATIRES SAT. I. Flaiuiniain ; (pucr Automotlon nam lora tonebat, Ipse hu-crnat;€ qiiuin so jactarct aniicaj) Nouuo lil)ct medio ccras implcrc capaccs t^uadiivio ? (jiium jam scxUi ccivicc feiatur Co llinc at([uc indc patens ac nuda pane cathedra tiiim iS<' ; (^. Tac. An. i, r ;) i. o. boon use ho has been Nero's charioteer, HK. lilt instant vcrlicrc torto, et proni t/ant iora; volat vi fervidus a.ria; Virg. G. iii, KK;. R. (!1. ' The Fiaininian Way,' tlie most ancient and cclebrateil of all the Eonian roads, led to the emperor's villa. It was made by the censor C. Flaraiiiins (y. R. 533) through Tuscany to Ariminum. Strab. V, p. 333. s. Suet, ii, 30 ; PRA. R. [viii, 145; AW,Tp.9S.] This ' boy' was the charioteer of Nero, as ' Automedon' was of Achilles. Gr.Hom.Il.nl4off;P4-29ff;459... 53" ; T 395 ff; Virg. jE. ii, 477 ; Suet, vi, 22 ; viii, 148. Cicero, also, uses Automedon as the name of any cha- rioteer; Rose. Am. 35. PRA. II. [Ov. A. A.i, 5.. .8.] 62. By ipse we are to understand Nero: JSIAD. for ipse, [33; Theoc. xxiv, 50; (nn.)] as well as ille (97), avTos, [St Mark xiv, 15; 44;] and IxiTtas, often convey a notion of au- thority and respect; hence a teacher is thus spoken ofbyhisdisciple,(as in the Pythagorean expression avrof 'itpa, [whence nu/lius addictiis jurare in verba mngisfri, Ilor. E. i, I, 14; (nn.) Liv. xxii, 53, 10 ; is ;is much as to say ' I am not the man to take matters on anyone's ipse dixit; or to pin my faith on any one's sleeve:' s. Ter. Eu. ii, 2, 32 ;j) a master by his servant, [Horn. II. Z 18 ;] a general by his soldiers, [Cic. C. ii, 2, 4 ; Liv. vi, 25, 3 ; vii, 14,3;] a patron as distinguished from his clients, the mind as contrasted with the body, [men as opposed to brutes, Horn. II. A 51;] (i/i/vr^, Xv^fait, ' in the ark ' IINN. The lablu is a corrruption of sacred history. PRA. ' The mountain' is Lycoioa, one of the two peaks of Parnassus. Ii. ' The answers of the Delphian oracle' were anciently ' given by lots :' ornrula vcrins dicuniur, qua; vatifinafione fu n- duntur, sed et sortes, qntp ducuntur, Cic. de Div. ii, 33. Sometimes sortes Hignificd ' oracular answers' in general, dictce ]>rr rnrminn sortes; Hor. A. P. 40.3 ; nuxiliuiii ptaruil per sacras qurv- rcrc sortes \ Ov. preribus oraculu po- scns Vi >•«• IE. Ill, 4i)G ; posccns re- sponsa; Si), i, 121. PRA. MAD. U. Livy [i, 56, 5 ;] xxi, 62, 6. ED. The responses at this time were given by Themis ; Ov. Sch. 83. [Animas three Mss. pr. US, on O. M. vi, 312. Y)eT}l■d^ps Pau/atim, inque ani?nas. DB, A.J Saxa pone re duritieni cwpere, su- 2imque rigorem, mollirique mora, mo 11 it aque ducereformam: Ov. 'MAD. This story is supposed to have been suggested by the fanciful derivation of Xacf from Xaot.;. R. 84 The lapides Pyrrha Jacti (Virg. E. vi, 41 ;) produced women. Pyrrha was the daughter of Epimetheus and Asia. GV. 86. Discursus ' their different pur- suits.' But see v, 21. R. Farrago (see note on Pers. v, 77;) ' a mixture, hodge-podge, olio.' MAD. [Livy vii, 2, 14.] 87. Collecta vitia post tot cetates din in nos red:i?idant, sceculo premimur gravi: Senec. Oct. GRA. The pre- dictions of Horace were verified, atas parcntum, pcjor avis, tulit nos nequi- ores, tnox daturos progenietn vilioiio- rem; Od. iii, 6, 40 If: see 147 ff; vi, 292. R. [Livy iii, 67, 1.] 88. Some take sinus to signify ' the lap' of the gown ; others ' the bellying' of, the sail, [Shakspe.ire, Tr. and Cr. ii 2 ;] or ' a spread of canvas.' PRA. R. [' gulf,' ' gouffre: DX.] s. 149 f. Alca; s. Pers. v, 67; PRA. retiln legibus alea; Hor. Od. iii, 24, 68. Understand habuit : hos may mean tot, or Romanos; R. or hos animos is l)erliapscf|uivaleiit to /««/a« /'/>•«, 'such spirit and vigour.' MAD. 89. Ljculus * a purse;' arfn - (In ;noncy-chc3t itself.' PRA. 10-2 THE SATIRES SAT. I. DO Ad c;isuni tabuliv, jjosita scd ludituv area. Pruilia quaula illic dispcnsatore vidcbis Arniigcro! Siniplexnc furor, sestertia ccntnin I'crdcrc et liorrcnti tunicaui uon rcddcrc servu ? (^iiis totidem crcxit villas ? quis I'ovcula septctu i)5 Secrc'to ca'iiavit avus ? Nunc sportula priiiio Limine ])arva scdct, turbic ra])ienda togatiu. lllo tamen I'aciem privis inspicit ot trc])idat, ne Suppositus venias ac falso nomine poscas. 90. A sarcastic reflection ou his fellow-countrymen as no longer strenu- ous in other battles. L UB. 91. ' With his steward for armour- bearer,' as carrj'infj; money, dice, dice- box, and tables. Sch. vii, 219; xiv,4 f. 7?. 92. ' A hundred sestertia.' The ses- Irrfii/s^-dhout l^tranger. R. ' The crier' was properly called no- menclnfor; [Cic. A. iv, 1;] it was his office to announce the names of morn- ing visitors, arrange them in order of precedence, &c. PLA. 100. ' The patricians of the greater clans,' Sch. who claimed descent from ^neas and the Trojans: s. viii, 41 ff; 181; xi, 9.5; so Troiades; Pers. i, 4. R. Limen terere; Mart, x, 10, 2 ; ' to wear.' jR. fiiresqvc fcrc.qtie snetce hnnc vexare bctnii; Hor. S. i, 8, 17. MA D. ' to pester.' 101. ' With us poor folk.' s iii, 128 if; R. Mart, x, 10, 1 ff. PR A. Da fyc. These are either the orders of the patron to his steward, or the importunities of the needy patricians. PRA. R. Prcefor dictus quod exerciliti prceeat : est et nuigistratus jurediciindo jtrayo- sitiis; Varro. ' The tribune' might be either ' military' or ' plebeian.' PR/1. Of the latter, theie were originally two, afterwards ten. The prtetor urba- mis waff a magistrate nearly answering to ' the Lord Mayor' of London. MAD. 102. ' First come, first served.' GH'. Li/i/'rtini areenfranchised slaves. ,1/,1 1>. and the same as liberti ; they are called /i/ipr/i when the patron's name is added. It. [The former noun is used absolutely, the latter relatively.] 104. An immense number of slaves came from Armenia, Cappadocia, Me- sopotamia, and the countries through which the Euphrates flowed. PRA. Among the Orientals, even men used to wear ear-rings for ornament ; Plin. xi, 37 ; incedunt cum annidaiisaurihus ; Plaut. Pcen. 14. PRA. The borins; of the ear was, among many eastern na- tions, a sign of servitude; see Exodus, xxi, G; [Home on the Scriptures; Xen. All. iii, 1, 21.] This expression may be put by hyp all age ioi fene- stra in aure molli, according to the proverb auricula mollior; Cic. ad Q. Fr. ii, 15 ; or from being a sign of soft- ness in the wearer. GRA. R. 105. ' I have five shops in the Forum which are let for as much as a knight's estate.' Sch. T. Tiherio impcrante constitidum ne c/uis in ec/uestri ordinc conseretur, nisi cui ingenuo ipsi, patri, avoque paterno sestertia quadringenta census fuisset ; Plin, xxxiii, 2 ; PRA. xiv, 323 ff. R. 106. ' The greater purple' may be either ' the consulship,' as toga major; Claudian. viii, 056; or 'the broad- bordered tunic of the senator,' as purpura latior and lafus claviis; Plin. Ep. ii, 9; major cl. Stat. Silv. iii, 2, 124 ;/e/ixp. Mart, viii, 8, 4 ; and on the other hand pauper or angustus cl. denotes the equestrian order ; Stat. Silv. V, 2, 18 ; Veil, ii, 88. I3ut under the Ca'sars this distinction was less rigidly observed, s. Suet, ii, 38; vi, 26; xii, 10; Plin. H.N. xxxiii, 1; R. ib. ix, 36 ff; 7'R/l. Livy xxvii, 19, 8. ED. [ Vulgoque purpura latiore lunicce usos inveuimus ctiam prcecones, Pli. xxxiii, 108. Corvinus, descended from the Valerian clan. s. viii, 6. R. 109. Pa/las, an Arcadian, was a freedman of Claudius and immensely 104 THE SATIUKS SAT. I. 1 10 V'incant (liviti;\) ; sacro iicc codat hoiiori, Niipev ill liaiic iirbeni pcdibus qui vcncrat albis: QuaiHloquidcni iutor nos sanctissinia Divitiarum Majcstas ; ctsi, funcsta Pccunia, templo Noiulum lialiitas ; niillas numorum eieximus aras ; 115 Ut colitur Pax atxiuc Fides, Victoria, Virtus, Quanjuc salutato crcpitat Concordia nido. St'd quum suminus honor finito computet anno, Sporlula quid referal, quantum rationibus addat ; Quid facient comites, quibus bine toga, calceus bine est 120 Et panis funuisquc donii ? Dcnsissima centum Quadrantes lectica petit, sequiturque maritura Languida vol priegnans et circumducitur uxor. Hie petit absenti, nota jam callidus arte, Ostendens vacuam et clausam pro conjugc scllam. rich. Sviet. v, 28; Tac. An. xii, 53 ; xiv, 65 ; Plin. H. N. xxxiii, 10 ; Plin. Ep. vii, 29 ; viii, 6. He w.ns put to death by Nero for the sake of his wealth. Sch. R. Liciniifs, a German, was a freedman of Augustus ; he was likewise very rich : xiv, 30G : but there were also wealthy families of the Licinian clan, viz. the Cnlvi Stoloites; Liv. vii, IG; [Gell. vii ; Max. viii, 3; C'S'\ and the Crassi Divitcs. PRA. U. Pers. ii, 36. Sch. G V. GIF. 110. Virtus post numos; Hor. Ep. i, 1, 54 ; GRA. ownis enhn res, virtus, fama, (/ecus, divina humannque, pul- cris (liviffis parent; rjuas qui con- traxerit, ille ctnrus erit, fort is, Justus, ' Sapiens/ie?' Etiam: ct rex, cf quicqnid volel; Id. S. ii, 3, 94; ct gcmis ct virtus, nisi ctitn re, vilior alga est ; ib. V, 8. PRA. The tribunes were sacr'osancti ' in- violable;' Liv. ii, 33; iii, 19; 55; Dionys. vi, 89; vii, 17. If any one injured them by word or deed, he was held accursed, and his goods were con- fiscated. AD. R. 111. Vilissiuium est creta: gonis, qua pedes vcnalium trans mare advectorum denotare mqjores instituerant; Plin. H. N. XXXV, 17- Regnnni ipse tenet, quern sfipe coegit hnrhnra gypsutos ferre catasla pedes; Tib. ii, 3, 59; [Ov. Am. i, 8, 64 ;] Pers. vi, 78 ; s. v, 53; vii, 16; 120; Suet, ii, 69. This white mark was the signature either of the slave-merchant, or of the proprietor, or of the republic. BRO. SM. PRA. R. 113. Peczmia, ' the cause of many a death,' was deified; and universally worshipped; though enshrined only in the hearts of her votaries. Sch. T.'PRA [Eur. Cy. 316; Ph. 449; Hooker E. P. v, 79.] 11.5. [Cic. N. D. ii, 23.] 116. At the temple of Concord was heard tlie chattering of the stork which Jind built its nest there, as often as it flew home with food for its young. Sch. ijisn si/ji p/audat ercpitrtnte cicotiia roslro; Ov. Met. vi, 97. T. FAR. [Mart, iii, 58, 18. ADD, on M. t. i, p. 435.] 117. ' Men of the highest rank cal- culate on these doles as no inccmsider- able portion of their annual income.' See note on 101. LUB. 119. See 46; Mart. iii, 30. R. 'These poor dependents had looked to this as a means of paying their tailor's, shoe- maker's, baker's, and coalmerchant's bills.' 120. Mart, xiii, 15; iii, 30, 3. R. 121. ' A crowd of litters brings pe- titioners.' PRA. See 95. R. 124. See 65. PRA. fJAT. I. OF JUVENAL. 105 125 " Galla mea est" inquit: " Citius dimitte. Moraris?" " Prefer Galla caput." " Noli vexave, quiescit." Ipse dies pulcro distiiiguitur ordine rerum : Spovtula, delude forum jurisque peritus Apollo Atque triuuiphales, iuter quas ausus habere 130 Nescio quis titulos .Egyptius atque Arabarches, Cujus ad effigiem non tantum raejere fas est. Vestibulis abeunt veteres lassique clientes 125. Galla is supposed to be the wife's name. MAD. "With inquit understand marilus. PR A. 126.' Put out your head,' says the dispenser, (because this v/as ' a stale trick' nota ars). ' Don't disturb ber ;' says the hushand ; ' I dare say, she is asleep.' LUB. Or the whole line may be assigned to the husband only. 127. The ordinary routine of the day's employment is made much the same by Martial ; pri m a salutantes atque a l- tera coutinet liora. Exercet raucos ierf ia eausidicos. In q u i n t a m va- rios extendit Roma labores : sexta ^uies lasnis, sept i ma finis erit. Suf- ficit in nonam nitidis octava falce- stris : imperal exstructvs frangere nona toros. Hora libellorum decima est; iv, 8. PEA. 123. The clients attended their patron to ' the forum' of Augustus, in which there was an ivory statue of Apollo, (Plin. xxxvi, .o ; vii, 53; Hor. S. i, 9, 78 ;) who is called /«>•/« peritus from the number of pleadings, at which he must have been present. Hence also we have Mari/an caussidicum ; Mart, ii, 64, 8; Hor. S. i, 6, 119. In the .«ame spot Augustus had erected ' the triumphal statues' of the greatest generals; Suet, ii, 29; Sch. 31. BRl. GRA. FRA. R. 130. ' An effigy with an inscription on the pedestal:' olaraque lUspositis acta subt'ssc viris; Ov. F. v, 566. GRA. A rnljarch es. There is much un- cert;iinty here both as to the text, and as to the person intended. He may be either (1) Crispiniis (20), who v;as created Prince of Arabia by Domitian, Schol. MS. He might also be called ' the Arch-Arabian,' Harcastically, as worst of all the Arab slaves. LUB. or (2; Til). Alexnndrr. w ho was governor of Egypt, brother or nephew of Philo Judseus, procurator of Judaea, and a Roman knight. Tae. H. i, 11 ; ii, 79; Eus. ii. GY. AT. FAR. HOL. GIF. or (3) Joseplius, to whom Vespasian granted a triumphal statue. Hieronym. FV. PRH. 'ihen with regard to the word itself, it is doubted whether it should be Arabarches or A la bar- e/ s tXa-iSaf, { 7 and 8. s. vi, 16(). Un- less the words should be transposed thus : votaque deponunt cienee ; longis- shna (juanquani spes liomini, according to the old adage, a-grotu (/urn an/ma est spes est, [Cic. A. ix, 10;] ' while there is life there is hope.' Hence it was that to Hadrian's question ' What is the longest thing.'" Epictetus an- swered ' Hope.' R. 134. ' With their paltry dole they have to buy a bunch of greens and a little firewood on their way home; and then they must wait till the vege- tables are boiled, before they can ap- pease their hunger.' 130. ZuriXiis, Luciau repeatedly; eiw'oTu;, id. Nigr. rex; v, 14; 137; viii, IGl; Hor. Ep. i, \7 , 43; Mart, iii, 7, 5; v, 22, 14; dominus; v, 81 ; 92 ; 147. R. Seneca somewhere [E. 19;] say.s that good cheer, without a friend to partake of it, is the entertainment of a wildbea.st: and Alexis abuses a man for being ftefepdyet. GIF. Ipse, as al/Tos. 8. Aristoph. Th. 472 ; 641. At their meal.s, the men used to recline on sofas, and the ladies sat in chairs. BCE. s. note on ii, 120. R. 137. See 75. Orbis denotes ' the slab of a round table;' [which was separate from the legs or supporters ;] xi, 122; 173; s. iv, 132; Mart, ii, 43, 9 f; ix, 60, 7 fif. Their tables were originally square; v, 2; Varr. iv, 25. R. It was the ancient|fashion to place before the guests tables with the viands, and not to change thejdishes on the table. They had two tables, one with the meat &c ; the other with the dessert. When they had eaten as much meat as they wished, the table itself was withdrawn, and the second course or dessert was placed before them oa a fresh table. The square tables went out of fashion with the triclinia. The new-fashioned couch was of a semicircular form called signia, from its .shape C ; and it held seven or eight persons; Mart, x, 48, 5 f; xiv, 87; to suit these, ro f; MAD. /joi'f.s, aniiii'il nnlinn litlfrari' lahures; ib. 120 f; I.ivy xxii, 4, 3. 142. Culpnm pivna prcmit vomcs; Hor. Od. iv, 5, 24; CUA. Od. iii, 2, .31 f. R. hinc (rr rhrielalf) pallor rt gentt prndultf:, nmlnrnm iilrera. Ire- mulee mamis effundentes plena vasa; et quam sit poena prae sen s,furiales somni et inrju/es nocturna ostendttnt; Plin. xiv, 22. BRl. Primus Q. Ilortoisius augurali ca'na dicitur pavunes posnisse. Quorum prc- tia slatim ejctulerunt multi^ ita ut ova eorum denariis venirent r/uinis, ipsi facile qu/ntjuagenis; Macr. Sat. iii, 13. PRA. The flesh of this bird is very indigestible. Aug. de Civ. D. xxi, 4. JS. 143. Pers. iii, 98 fi"; PRA. crudi tu- midif/ue lavemur; Hor. Ep. i, 6, 61. MAD. [' gorged with food.' GIF.'] 145. A varus, nisi cu7n tnoritur, non rectefacit. GV. 146. Tristia funera due tint; Virg. G. iv, 256; Pers. [iii,] 105 f; vi, 33 f. LUB. The friends are an- noyed, both at the selfishness of the deceased, and at their having no lega- cies from him. MAD. 147. See 87. R. 148. Minores understand nafu,MA D. ii, 14(!; viii, 234; opposed to ve/crcs ; xiv, 189; to majures; Ov. Tr. iv, 10, 55. R. 149. ' The climax is now complete: vice has reached its acme.' Livy xxiv, 7,1. 1 he poet here encourages himself to give full scope to his indignation in a familiar metaphor, s. Virg. G. ii, 41 ; iv. 117; Hor. Od. i, 31, 4; ii, 10, 23; iv, J 5, 4; &c. R. 160. From unde to arena, 157; is an anticipation of the objections supposed to be made by a friend. BR!, lub THE tSATlUES SAT. I Ingeniuin par uuiterisB ? mule ilia prioium Scribcndi, quodciunque aninio llagrante liberet, Siniplicitas, ciijus iion amloo diccrc nomcu ? (.Juki rell'it (lictis igiiDscat jNlucius, an nou ? loo Pone TigelUuuni : tiuda luccbis in ilia, C^ua stautes ardent, qni fixo guttiire I'uniant, l!^t latum media sulcum diducis arena." 161. Observe the hiatus in maleriee tinde. Si>eii,26; iii, 70; v, 158; vi, 24/; 4G8; cV-c ; R. [xv, 126.] Priores viz. Enpolis, Cratiiius, Aris- tophanes?, Lucilius, Cato Censorinus, Terentius Varro, and Horace. PRA. s. Hor. S. ii, 1, (52. l^-\y^\- h 4, 1.] 153. Simplicitas, -rapptjiria. ' The un- utterable name' was libcrtas. BRI. 8. Suet.iv, 27. PRA. 154. See Pers. i, 114 f. ' T. Mucins Albutiiis had sufficient magnanimity and wis(hnn to disregard the attacks of Lucilius; but had it been otherwise, the satirist would have little to dread from his resentment.' Seh. MAD. 165. ' Dare to put down the name of Tigellinus, and you will be treated as an incendiary.' C. Offonius Tigel- linus of Agrigentum was recommended to the notice of Nero by his debauche- ries. After the murder of Burrhus, he succeeded to the command of the prcE- torian guards, and abused his ascend- ancy over the emperor to the most dreadful purposes. He afterwards be- trayed him ; by which, and other acts of perfidy, he secured himself during Galba's short reign. He was put to death by Otho, to the great joy of the people, and died, as he had lived, a profligate and a coward. See 69. Who is here designated by the name of Tigellinus, cannot now be known ; even in Trnjan's reign there were depraved favourites, whose enmity it would be perilous to provoke. Sch. GIF. Mart. iii, 20, l(i; GV. PRA. Suet, vii, 15. Pu/te may mean ' pourtray ;' Pers. i, 70; Hor. A. P. .34. R. [nunc saxo, nunc lii/uitlis voloribus ponere, id. O. iv, 8, 7 f.] Ta-iln. ..fumait. Ihe dreadful fire, which laid waste a great part of Rome in the reign ol Nero, was found to have broken out in the house of Tigellinus. His notorious intimacy with the emperor corroborated the general suspicion that the conflagration was owing to design. Nero was exas])erated at the discovery, and, to avert the odium from his fa- vourite, basely taxed the Christians with setting lire to the house. Thou- sands of those innocent victims were sacrificed in consequence : mrdtitudo ingens ronvicti sunt: et pereuntibus addita ludibria, vt ferarvm tergis con- tccfi, laniatu canum inter irent, aut crucibus adfixi., aut Jlammandi, atr/ue, nbi dvfecisset dies, in usuni. noctumi luminis vrerentur : liortos suos ei spec- taculu Nero obtulerat, el circense tudi- crum edebaf; Tac. An. xv, 44. GIF. This was called tunica punire molesta ; viii, 235 ; BRO. circumdati dejixis cor- paribus ignes; Sen. de Ira, iii, 3; L. cogita ittam tnnicam alimentis ignium illitam et intcxtam. et (piicquid prater licec scEvitia commenta est ; id. ad Lucil. PRA. id. Ep. xiv. R. 157. Homines defuderunt in terram dimidiatos, ignemtptecircumposuervnt ; ita interfecerunt ; Cat. in Gell. iii, 14. G. Supposing this to be the case here, we may read (or, at any rate, interpret) the line thus ; Et latum me dins sulcumiliducis arena, s. Livy V, 38, [a; vi, 15, d;] xxi, 55, 5; (D.) xliv, 33. ED. The ground in which the stake was fixed appears to have been more or less excavated; pwna Flavii Veiano Nigra tribuno mandatur: is proximo in agro scrobem. effodi jussit, quam Flavins ut humilem et a u g u s t a m increpabat ; Tac. An. x v, [67;] scrobem sibi fieri coram imperat dimensusad corporis sui modulmn ipse Nero; Suet, vi, 49. These executions often took place ' in the centre of the arena of the amphitheatre.' Suet, iv, 7- PRA. nemo spectator miseras vo- luptatiis unco et ignibus expiavil ; Plin. Pan. xxxiii, 3. R. [Paley Ev. i, ch. 2.] or ' You labour in vain, as if you SAf. I. OF JUVENAL. lOJ) Qui dedit ergo tribus patruis aconita, vehatur Pensilibus plumis atque illinc despiciat nos ? 160 " Quuin veniet contra, digito corapesce labellura. Accusator erit, qui vei'bum dixerit, Hic est. Securus licet .Eucam Rutulumque feroeem Committas : nulli gravis est percussus Achilles, Aut multum qusesitus Hylas urnamque sequutus. 165 Knse velut stricto quoties Lucilius ardens Infremuit, rubet auditor, cui frigida mens est Criminibus ; tacita sudant prsccordia culpa. Tnde irae et lacruuiEe. Tecum prius ergo voluta Haec animo ante tubas : galeatum sero duelli were ploughing the sand.' s. vii, 48 f. MAD. [siilotm d ant lucis conj. s. Vir. &. ii, 697. AN, in DB, A ] 158. Here the author replies indig- nantly. LUB. See 67. PRA. ' Wolfs- bane' may be put for poison generally: lurida terribiles miscent aconita no- vercee; Ov. Met. i, 147; MAD. id. vii, 418 ff; Virg. G. ii, 152. R 159. ' On pensile couch of down.' Scb. 160. The friend now speaks. Contra ' in your way;' Mart, v, 4, 5 ; xiv, 62. R. 161. ' He will be regarded in the light of an accuser, who shall but have whispered " That's he" !' HS. even although these words are generally used in a favourable sense; as Pers. i, 28 ; Mart V, 13, 3; R. or ' If a person does but say " That's he!" he will have an information laid against him.' PRA. 162. ' You may without apprehension handle epic themes.' ' The Rutilian' is Tumus. PRA. s. Hor. S. ii, 1, 10 ff, R. Nos enim, r/i/i in foro veriaqne litihuH teriinnr,niullum maliliai^iiuam- vix notiinits, nddisciinus : nfholaet audi- torium, lit ficta rail Ha, ita res i/icrmis innoxia est; Plin. There is the same idea in the Knight of the T'urniug Pestle: [by Tleaumont and Fletcher:] " Prol. My your sweet favour we intend uo harm to tiic city. Cit No, sir! yes, sir. If you were not resolved to play the jack, what need you study for new 8uhjeot>< purposely to abuse yourbettc.s? Why could not you be content, aa well 38 others, with the Legend of Whitting- ton, the Story of Queen Eleanor, and the rearing of London Bridge upon woolsacks?" GIF. 163. Committere is a metaphor from ' matching' a pair of gladiators ' against each other.' GV. vi, 378; 436; Luc. i, 97. R. [Horn. 11. A 8.] Nee tweet auctori, mollem qui fecit Acliillem, infregisse suis mollia facta modis; Ov. Tr.ii,411 f. GR.4. Achilles was shot with an arrow by Paris. PRA. Horn. II. X 359 ; Od. Cl 36 ff; Virg. M. vi, 57. R. 164. ' Sought for by Hercules and the Argonauts.' Virg. E. vi, 43 f: PRA. G. iii, 6. R. 165. Secuit Lucilius urbem; Pers. i, 114; PRA. Hor. S. i, 4, 1 ff; S. ii, 1, 62 ff; R. s. Suet, iv, 63; Hor. Od. iii, 1, 17 ff. In Randolph'.s Entertain- ment there is an admirable paraphrase of this passage : " When I but frown'd in my Lucilius' brow'. Each conscious cheek grew red, and a cold trembling Freezed the chill soul, while every guilty breast Stood, fearful of dissection, as afraid To be anatomized by that skilful hand. And have each artery, nerve, and vein of sin, By it laid open to the public scorn." GIF. 166. ' It shudders;' ' the blood runs cold.' MAD. foritiidine turpi frigida cordn tremunt \ Sil. ii, 338. R. 168. Uinc nice lacrumee ! Ter. And. i, 1, 99. GV. Virg. /E. iv, 533; vi, 158; 185. JR. 169. Tulias is here put for classica * the sound.s of the trumpet.' G V. cur ante tub am tremor occupat urtus; Virg. .'E. xi, 421. ; s. Sil. ix, 52 ; fland. no THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. SAT. I. 170 Pcenitel." Expciiar, quid concedatur in illos, Quorum Flaminia U'gilur ciuis atquc Latina. iii. 333; xsi, 192. R. Juvenal is very fond of adoptinji Virgilian expressions; see (51; ii, 99; 100; vi, 44; (s. i, 36;) xii, 94 ; «fcc. HNR. Galea/iis denotes not merely ' a sol- dier,' as in viii, 238 ; but one who has buckled on his helmet ; (s. vi, 262 ; [i Kings XX, 11;]) since it appears from Trajan's Pillar, that before sol- diers went into battle, tlieir helmets were suspended from the right shoulder. HNR. Sero; compare St Luke xiv, 31. Duellum is the ancient form ofbe//it»i, and hence the word perduellis. F. 170. The Poet declares that he will wage war on the dead alone. PRA. Hall, on the contrary, says, " I will not ransack up the quiet grave, Nor burn dead bones as he example gave ; I tax the living, let the ashes rest. Whose faults are dead, and nailed in their chest." Yet Hall, like Juvenal, makes use of the names of those de- parted. GIF. 171. ' The Flaminian and Latin ways,' as well as the Appian, were adorned on either .side with the sepul- chres of many illustrious men : Sch. v, 55 ; for the laws of the Twelve Tables prohibited sepulture within the walls. The Latin way led to Sinuessn. VRA. [Job xviii, 17 ; and xxi, 27 ; (nn.) " In all the old highways, that lead from Rome, one sees several little ruins on each side of them, that were formerly so many sepulchres ; for the ancient Romans generally buried their dead near the great roads. None, but some few of a very extraordinary quality, having been interred within the walls of the city. Our christian epitaphs, that are to be seen only in churches or in church-yards, begin often with siste viator! viator precare salu- TEM ! ETC. probably in imitation of the old Roman inscriptions, that gene- rally addressed themselves to the tra- vellers ; as it was impossible for them to enter the city, or to go out of it, without passing through one of these melancholy roads, which for a great length was nothing else but a street of funeral monuments." ADD, R. p. 58.] SATIRE 11. ARGUMENT. This Satire, in point of time, was probably the first which Juvenal wrote. It contains an irregular but animated attack upon the hypocrisy of philosophers and reformers ; whose wickedness it exposes with just se- verity, 1 . . 28. Domitian here becomes the hero : and the poet must have had an intrepid spirit to produce and circulate, though but in private, such a faithful picture of that ferocious tyrant, at once the censor and the pattern of profligacy, 29 if. The corruption, beginning at the head, is represented as rapidly spreading downwards, 34. .81. Even the victorious progress of the Roman arms served but to diflfuse corruption more widely, 1 59 .. 1 70. Infidelity was now universal, 149. .152. Such was the depravity and im- piety, that a club was formed to dress up as females and burlesque the rites of the Good Goddess, 82.. 114. There were even instances of men marrying each other, 11 5.. 142; and of Roman nobles degrading themselves by playing the gladiator, 143. .148. How would the heroes of primitive Rome receive in the shades below their degenerate posterity? 153.. 158. GIF. E. There is a close correspondence between this Satire and Dio Chrysost. !r«j) »-;^;»)/*aTaj Ovat. Alcoc. hah. HNN. 11-2 rilK SATIRES SAT. If. Ultra Sauromatas fugerc liinc libel et glacialem Oceanuin, quotics arK[uid de moribus aiuleiit, Qui Curios simulant ct Baccbaualia vivunt. Indocti pviinum ; (juaiDquam plena omnia gypso 5 Chvysippi invcnias. Nam pcrf'ectissimus horum est, Si quis Avistotelem similom vel Pittacon emit, Et jubet arclielypos ])luteum servare Cleanthas. Fronli nulla fides. Quis enim non vicus abundat 1. ' Fain would T flee.' s. xv, 1/1 f ; Prop, ii, 30, 2; R. Hor. Od. iii, 10, 1. The Sauromatce, or SannatfC, (iii, 79; Herod, iv, 21 ; cfee ;) inhabited the banks of the Tanais and Borystlienes ; GRA. PR A. the province of Astra- can. ' The icy or northern ocean :' ef r/ua britma rigens nc nescin vere remitti, adstringit Sci/thicog I ac ia le jnfrigore pontu »t ; Luc. i , 1 7. MAD. 2. Understand docere, scribere, ant dispufare. GRA. In this line, as in 40, G;{, and 121, there is a side blow at the Perpetual Censorship which Domitian had assumed. IJNR. 3. Simulare ' to pretend to be what one is not;' disshmilarc ' to pretend not to be what one is.' [Cses. C. i, 19; ii, 31 ; yuod non est simnlo, dissimu- loqiie (juod est.'\ M\ Ciiriiis Dentatifs, thrice consul, conqueror of the Sabines, Samnites, Lu- canians, and Pyrrhus, was a pattern of frugality and integrity. Val. Maxim, iv, 3, 5 ; Plin. xviii, 3 ; PRA. xi, 78 ff. Adspicis i/irampfis i/linii, Deciane, ca- pillis f (s. Hor. Od. i, 12, 41 f{;)ci(fus et ipse times triste supercilium ; y u i loquitur Curios^ asscrtoresfpie Ca- viillos : noli to fr onti credere; Alart. i, 25; vii, .'iS, 7 f; ix, 28, 6 ff. Quid? si r/uis vultiitorvo ferits, et pede n i/do, exiguccf/ue toga; s i tn til et texture Catonem^i virtutemne rcpra-sentct nwresf/ue Catonis? Hor. Ep. i, 19, 12 ff. n. Bacchanalia: s. Liv. xxxix, 8 ff. PRA. A Grecism for hacchantium more. MAD. Nunc Satip-iim, nunc agrestem Cyclop a movetur; Hor. Ep. ii,2, 12.5. In these rites the grossest vices were practised under the cloak of religion. R. 4. These ' unlearned' pretenders had brought out of the schools little wisdom, but plenty of conceit. UNR. Understand loca : ' every corner of tbeir libraries and halls.' LUB. Gypso ' of plaster casts or busts.' LUB. 5. C/irysippus, the Stoic, pupil of Zeno and Cleanthes. LUB. Pers. vi, 80. PRA. Est, j. e. in their estimation. LUB. 6. ' A fac-simile of Aristotle,' the Stagyrite, pupil of Plato, founder of the Peripatetic sect, tutor of A lexander the great. PRA. "Thus similem te ' an imao-e of thee;' Stat. S. i, 1, 101 ; ii, 7, 129; Mart, ix, 102, 1. R. Pittacus, Dictator of Mitylene, one of the seven sages. LUB. 7. ' Originals' (i^x^ ri'^os). T. Mart, vii, 10, 4- xii, G9, 2. R. Plutemn ' the bookcase.' Scb. Pers. V, 106. PRA. [" Books are indeed the least part of the furniture that one ordinarily goes to see in an Italian libiary; which they generally set off with pictures, statues, and other orna- ments, where they can afford them, after the exani])le of the old Greeks and Romans;" ADD, Milan p. 12.] C'leani/ies, [son of Phanes.] originally a pugilist, was afterwards pupil of Zeno, and his successor in the Stoic School : while student he was so poor that he used to work at night in drawing water for gardeners, and was hence called (p^teiiirXns ■ LUB. Therefore some pre • fer the reading puteum. VAL. GV. HS. Pers. V, 64. PRA. If Lucian had read Juvenal, he might have this passage in his thought when he wrote bis Illiterate Book -collector. Locher, who translated Brandt's Ship of Fools, had undoubtedly both Lucian and Juvenal before him, when he gave the following version: spem. qxioque nee purvam collecta volumina prcebent, calico nee verhum, nee libri sentio mentem, attamen in magna per me servantur hnnore. GIF. SAT. II. OF JUVENAL. 113 Tristibus obsccenis ? Castigas turpia, quum sis 10 Inter Socraticos notissima fossa ciiiffidos. Hispida membra quidem et duraj per brachia setae Promittuut atrocem animum ; sed podice levi Cseduntur tumidaej medico ridente, mariscae. Rarus sermo illis et magna lubido tacendi 15 Atque supercilio brevior coma. Verius ergo Et magis ingenue Peribomius. Hunc ego fatis Tmputo, qui vultu morbum incessuque fatetur. Horum simplicitas iniserabilis ; his furor ipse 9. * Solemn debauchees :' cerumnosi- que Solories, obstipo capitc et figentes lumine (errant ; Pers. iii, 79 ; GRA. philosophi I'ultu))! et t ristitiam et dissentientem a ceteris hahitum pessimis moribus preeteadunt ; Quint. I. pr. § 15; pigriticB arrogantioris (/ioiniiies), qui, subito fronte confieta iinmissar/i/n barba, paulum a/ir/z/id sederunt in scholis philosophorinu, tU deinde in publico tristes, domi d issotnt i, captarent auctoritatem contemtu cete- rorum ; id. xii, 3, 12. HNR. Castigas, 8fc. s. Komans ii, I. MAD. 10. ' The most notorious sink of all the depraved pretenders to Socratic phi- losophy.' As Juvenal admired Socrates, xiii, 185 ff ; xiv, 320 ; and is here attack- ing hypocrisy, (.Mart, ix, 48; R.) the alteration of the text to Sofadicos is worse than unnecessarj-, for Sotades was no hvpocrite. GIF. 11. See ix, 15 ; xiv, 194 ; Mart, ii, 36; vi, 56; R. Ov. Met. xiii, 850. LUB. These were Stoicipcene Cynici ; Cic. Off. i,35. HiVJJ. 12. V. Flacc. i, 272; Claud, viii, 521. Spondet ; vii, 134 ; VTiurai, Hom. II. r83; E832; 1 241./?. Atrox animus Caton is ; H or. Od. ii, 1, 24. It. " But all so smooth below ! the surgeon smiles, And scarcely can, for laughter, lance tlie piles." GIF. 13. The Pytliugoreau philosophers exacted v'v/vl niloncc from their pupils. (iHA. lu^at ahrouf KtOft'iuf ^aSi^^ovrus , ayrifit^Xny-'ifu; iv/rraXut v xa) xov^Z; "htayiyiaifxiiv rou; dp'iiTTOv; OS av //.-/i £;^!i Tnura /jt,ni\ ffXve^iuTos ri xai (p^ovriffTixes to ^^iktcotov, d'To^oxif/iocVTio; xai a'^ofiXtifio; ; LuC. Hermot. 18. jR. 15. The Stoics, who were the most rigid sect, (64 f ; iv, 76 ;) cut their hair quite close to the head ; whence the proverb crine Stoicus ; and detonsa Juvenfus ; Pers. iii, 54. LUB. ci^irtfit o'jK iiTioixt xifin was the opinion of Phocyllides, GRA. s. i Corinthians xi, \A.MAD. Thereis humour in the use of supercilio, as alluding to their affecta- tion of superciliousness, v, 62. il. ['Their hair comes short of their supercilious- ness.'] Verius ' with more candour.' Cic. Or. ii, 86. R. 16. A fictitious name, from tri^) and liafios, [altaria circum, Vir. M. viii, 286 ;] in allusion perhaps to the dis- solute priests of Cybele. Sch. [Per. iii, 32, note.] Fatis ' to an unfortunate constitu- tion.' Stupet liic V it io\ Pers. iii, 32. ' To a malign horoscope.' PRA. s. Manil. V, 105. GRA. ' To irresistible destiny.' /?. 17. ' His sin and its consequences.' 50; iv, 49; Rom. i, 27, latter part. MAD. Fatetur ' manifests,' ' openly shows.' X, 172; XV, 132. Perhaps quern would be preferable to qtd. R. 18. ' Of him and the like.' R. Vera s i m pi icitate bon us ; Mart. i, 40, 4. n. ' To be pitied.' revreu; IXitTtr^ai ir^or Q lU THE SATIUES SAT. II. Dat veniain : sed pejores, (lui talia verbis 20 Ilorciilis invadunt el dc virtutc loquuti Cliinoin agitant. " Kgo to ccveuteni, Scxte, vercbor ?' Iniainis Vaiillus ait. '' Quo detcrior Ui ? Loripedein rectus dcrideat, .Etliiopcni albus. Quis tulerit Gracchos de seditione querentes ? 25 Quis ca3lum terris non misceat et mare coelo. r,zir Gal. de Us. Part, xi :, a^d /ati k^uti- ffrct \hXexaxriffa.vTa. xa) to. vZtu iTiffr^i- xoith* \x%iiini aToXoytat xara^uyily (Xtyu) Si Tr\i Tv^vf xa) fjtoT^en xai iifia^uivriv) »ai xapairih^ai truyytu/xtivi^sn fioi roui iTiTifiuvras , iiooTas aif ovoDios nfiii; xu^ioiy aXX' uro rivcs xjsi'ttovo;. /iaXXov Sj fuci; rut ir^oiio»ju,i*uv dyofi-ifa, ci/^ ixnvTtSj aXX' dtairioi TxvraTcciriv otTif , a duXiyu- fin ri Toia/fiir Luc.'Acr tr, T.i. fiiff^. iroy. 9. R. 19. ' They may be acquitted on the ground of insanity.' With falia understand Jiagitia or vitia. s. 34. 20. ' Herculean,' or ' in such lan- guage as Prodicus has put in the mouth of Hercules.' GV. (s. Pers. v, 34 f; PRA.) Xen. Mem. ii, 1 ; Cic. Off. 5, 32. MAD. dxourar', u Ireiaxe; (or 'Sroaxis), i/^'Te^oi \ri^av, Xoyuv vTa- x^irri^lSt el fiiiti travra rd 'v roTi •nta^i, *■{)» 5) Tai ffotpZ oiutai, avTo) xaraff^'ptiTi' xa,f dXiJxKrh tvavr/a r^affrovris eh T^ayJhuri 6^u>.Xuri ya-o^ on St? (/.h f. R. 'J'hese medicines were repeated in stronger doses, and the last proved fatal. Suet, xii, 22. RHA. Hi; THE SATIRES SAT. II. Solveret et juitnio similes ctl'underet oflas." Nonne igitur jure ac merito vitia ultima fictos 35 ConlcmmuU Scauros et casligata remordent ? Nou tulit ex illis torvum Lauroiiia qucmdam C'laniautrin toties : " Ubi nunc lex Julia? dormis?" Ad quern subridens : " Felicia tempora, qua) te Movibus oi)ponunt! Ilabeat jam Roma pudorem ! 40 Terlius e coelo cecidit Cato. Sed tamen unde Haec emis, hirsute spirant opobalsama collo QuGB tibi ? Ne pudeat dominum monstrare tabernae. 33. Solveret [' would unburthen,' iv, 67.] ' Her uncle' Domitian was ill-made. Suet, xii, 18. GRA. ' Shapeless lumps.' xv, 11. It does not follow from the epithet fecirm/am and the plural offas, that more than one miscarriage was caused. H. 34. Vifia iiUima, by hypiiUnsre, for ' the very worst of men;' LUB, the abstract for the concrete ; MAD. thus labes ac coemcni; C'\c. scelus; Plant. Bac. V, 2, 57; &c; R. Ter. And^ iii, 5, 1 ; and (pifioi for (po^i^ir Her. vii, 112. 35. M. x^miliiis Scaurus is described as homo viiia sua callide occultans ; Sail. Jug. 18 ; LUB. Hor. S. i, 3, 62. But on comparing xi, 90 f ; [nnd vi, 604 ;] we may presume that the family, rather than the individual, i:5 alluded to : ' Those who pretend to be Scauri.' R. ' Bite in return.' Hor. Ep. 6; Lucr. iii, 839; iv, 1131. R. 36. ' Of those hypocrites.' PR^. Torvum ' crabbed;' or, if coupled with clamantem, ' sternly;' MAD. as Virg. JE. vii, 399 ; Sil. xi, 99. R. Lauronia, according to Martial, was orba, dives, amis, indua; ii, 32, 6. PR^. The fable of <■ the Lion and the Painter' (Spect. No. xi ;) is admirably illustrated by ber attack : which not only does away, in advance, several of the heaviest charges against the women in Sat. vi ; but retorts them with good effect on the men. GIF. 37. ' The Julian law,' 30 ; was enacted by Augustus, and called Ju- lian, because Augustus was adopted into that family by the will of his great uncle, and, cf)nsequently, took the name of C. Julius Cfpsar. G RA. Ferulee cessent, et idus do r m i a n t m Ocfobres; Mart, x, 62, 10 {; pessuli dorm iiint; Plant. Cure, i, 2, 66; II. ei AcextSxiftiviai, Xvovrit \i XS^'f '''''* drifi'iat rat aXivruv !T:g) VluXov, iiparav' Pun. 112; RIG. s. 43. 38. Understand /«jM«7. LUB. ' Smiling ironically.' LUB. Virg. JE. X, 742. R. 39. See note on Pers. v, 178. PR^. 40. Both M. Porciits Cato the Cen- sor (thence called Censorius) and his great-grandson, surnamed Uticensis from his death at Utica, were men of most rigid morals, and strict disciplin- arians. Sch. PR^. Thus StcrliniKS is c?i\\eA snpieydirm, ocfavus ; Hor. S. ii, 3, 296. R. See note on 2. HNR. Any thing of extraordinary excel- lence (xi, 27 ;) or occurring unex- pectedly in a time of great emergency, (l^iv. xxii, 29, 2 ;) was said to have come down from heaven. R. ED. A pinnace, which (Herodotus says viii, 94 ;) fell in with the Corinthians hitf ^ofiTfi, is called by Plutarch ou^ato^t- 41. Lauronia may be said to have smelt this censor out, notwithstanding his assumed odour of'^anctity. MAD. Hirsnto, see 11. R. ' Exliale fragrance :' ambrosieei/tie coma; divimim vertice odorem spiru- vere; Virg. JE. i, 407. Opohuhnma was the juice which ex- uded from the wounds made in the bal- sam tree; respecting this, tlie xylobal- sfniium, and the cnrpobalsamiim, see Plin. H.N. xii, 15 or 25; ii7j5. Mart. xiv, .39. R. 42. ' By the vyay, I should very much like to know the shop, where you buy SAT. II. OF JUVENAL. 117 Quod si vesautuv leges ac jura, citari Ante omnes debet Scatinia. Respice primuin 45 Et scrutare viros : faciunt hi plura ; sad illos Defendit numerus junctseque umbone phalanges. Magna inter niolles concordia. Nou erit ulluin Exempluni in nostro tarn detestabile sexu. Taedia non lambit Cluviam nee Flora Catullani : 50 Hispo subit juvenes et morbo pallet utroque. Numquid nos agimus causas ? civilia jura Novimus ? aut ullo strepitu fora vestra movemus ? Luclantur paucte ; comednnt coliphia paucae. such ladj -like perfumes ; why should you be ashamed to tell me P' PR A. MAD. 43. Q>/0'f [ra^iXicai,] Livy xxvii, 7 f. ED. Vir buiiKsest (juis? quiconsidta patrum, r/ui leg es juraque servat ; Hor. Ep. i, 16, 41 ; i. e. the decrees of the senate, ' the statute-law, and the common-law.' MAD. Vexari ' to be roused into action' is opposed to dormire. MAD. s. 37. 44. See 30. 45. ' More things deserving of repro- bation and punishment.' R. 46. Ipse metiis exsolverat atiilax titrba suos : qintlf/niel nudtis pencadir, inultxm est; Luc. v, 259 f; Sch. pu- dorem. rci toilet midtitudo pcccantium , et desinet esse probri loco commune delictum ; Sen. Ben. iii, 16 ; id. Clem, i, 22; R. [de I. ii, 10. " Ye are heavily accursed, because with a kind of pub- lick consent ye have joined youi selves in one to rob me, imagining the com- monness of your offence to be every man's partieularjustification ;" Hooker E. P. V, 79, 458.] ' By locking their shields one in the other' the test I'do wms formed: I'llA. giuiutein staniinc lusinn PiMU'lope melius, levins toniuetis Arachnc, llonida quale lacil resideus in codicc pellex. Notum est, cur solo tabulas iini)leverit Mister Liberto, dederit vivus cur inulta puella). GO Dives erit, uiagno quce doruiit tertia lecto. Til uube at(pie tace : donaut arcana cylindros. De nobis post hajc tristis sententia ferlur : Dat veniam corvis, vexat censura columbas." Fugerunt trepidi vera ac manifesta canentem 54. Paucaque cmn (acta perfect stamina tela; Ov. Her. 19,49; HS. Tib. i, 6, 78 ff. R. ' In work-baskets.' LUB. 55. ' The spindle big with slender thread.' MAD. s. Pens, vi, 73. I'RA. 56. Penelope, queen of Ithaca, amused her importunate suitors by a promise to choose one of their number as soon as she had finished a pall which she was then weaving for Laertes ; but delayed her decision by undoing at night, what was worked during the day. Hence the proverb Penelopes telam texere. LUB. Horn. Od. T 137 flf. R. ' I\lore nimbly :' levi teretem ver- sabat polliee fiisum ; Ov. Met.vi,22 ; Xii(Bcun'iue profanee, frrte grailus; Sil. xvii, 28 f; s. Suet, vi, 34. The Greek formulary was l«aj, txa.t, Srrif aXir^o; or iKat, \»a.( irrt fiifinXoi. R. jCall. H. Ap. s. llGll, on Chr. . 2!)r. ^Ve read (if Astyages ;is Kix.o;aumach. GIF. and Jerome speaks aiorles stibiofiiliginatos. FAR. The operation, as performed by the Tnrkish ftmales at Aleppo, is thus de- scribed by Shaw and Eussel: " Their method of doing it is by a cylindrical piece of silver, steel, or ivory, about two inches long, made very smooth, and about the size of a common probe. TIds they wet with water, in order that the powder of It ad ore may stick to it, and applying the middle part horizontally to the eye, they shut the eyelids upon it, and so drawing it through between them, it blacks the inside, leaving a narrow black rim all round the edge." MAD. See BCE, p. 23. '' Turning up his eyes, which quiver under the operation,' from the extreme sensitiveness of the part. They might be also ' tremulous from wantonness ;' vii, 241 ; ocii/os tidos ac tremulos, ac prona lib idine marrid(is,jamjani(iiie semiadopertulos; Apul. TVIet.iiijp. 135; Ov. A. A. ii, 721 ; Pers. i, 18 ; Hor. Od. i, 36, 17; Lueian. Am. 14. LUB. MAD. R. 95. In pwnlis libidiiies calare juvit neper tJjscwnitates bibere ; Plin. xxxiii, pr. GRA. Priapus, the son of fJacchus and Venus, was the god of gardens and the tutelary deity of Abydos. PRA. 9(». ' His long and thick tresses are confined in network of gold.' Plin. xii, 14. PRA. MAD. Otho and Ela- gabalus powdered their hair with gold dust. HNN. 97. Understand vestimenta. ' Blue checks, or green (or pale yellow) stuffs, shorn of the pile.' Whence galbanos habct mores; Mart, i, 97, 9; LUB. Iimiio ga/battat/fs ; Id. iii, 82, 5. MAD. The Gauls invented checked stuffs. Rasa are opposed to pexa. GRA. They came into fashion in the Augustan age. PRA. Mart, ii, 86, 4. Lana Is- trice Libnrnicrque pilo propior (jnam Inner, pe.vis aliena vestibus, et quam Sniacia scnfiilato textu conimendat in LusHanin ; Plin. viii, 48 or 72 ; xi, 24 or 28. R. 98. ' Nay even the valet swears by his lord's Juno.' BR. Men used to swear by the gods, women by the god- desses, Plin. ii, 7; PRA. and servants by their master's Genius, s. Tib. iii, 6, 49; -R. nn, on Hor. Od. iii, 17, 14; [and E. i, 7, 94.] 99. Another parody on "V irgil : magni gcstamen Abantis; &. iii, 286; vii, 246 ; and eorripit hastam Actoris Au- runci spolinm; M. xii, 93 f. This wretch was proud of ' the effeminate Otho's mirror,' no less than Turnus was of ' the gallant Actor's spear.' LUB. Or ' of which Otho had erst despoiled some other redoubted champion.' Their mirrors were made of polished metal, and sometimes equalled the full length of the figure. Sen. Q. N. i, 17; HNN. Stat. S. iii, 4, 94. BCE. On the effemi- nacy of Otho, see Suet, viii, 2, and 12; Tac. H. i, 71 ; s; Lue. ii, 360 f. From the bride's being enveloped in this veil, she was said nitbere viro. R. [a mibib u s verbum n ubentium tractiim arbitror: df'ni'ixe Ojieriitntur id nu be s, cum ac- cepvrint n u ptu ra e velamiiin, Ambr. Exh. ad Virg. Rom. i, f. 108.] s. un, on 134 and 137. 125. Ov. F. iii, 259 ff. PRA. Most of the Commentators by sacra under- stand ancilia. The epithet arcano may then refer either to ignorance as to the genuine shield, or to the strap on the inside by which the shields were suspended ; and W'/Zaw/Zn to the swinging of the shields to and fro, as the priests leaped and danced. FAR. It would seem mure natural to understand simii- Incra with sacra, supposing twelve of the Safii to have borne the ancilia, and the other twelve priests to have carried images of the gods, which, by means of a concealed thong, were made to nod their htads in answir to the acclaiii.a- tions and phuidlts of the surrounding iiuilliliide. 'I'lius fl;i' iiii.igr of Veim^, 1-2U TIJE SATIJJES SAT. II. Sudavil clyjH'is aucilibus. O pater IJrbis, ITiulo iielas taiitiini Latiis pastoribus ? iinde liivv tcti<;it, (JracHvc, tuos urtica ucpotcs ? TracUtur eccc viro claius gcnoro at(]ue o])ibiis vir: 130 Noc {^aleaiM quassas ncc tcnaui cuspidc pulsas Ncc qucicris patri ? Vade ergo et cede scveri Jugeribus cauipi, qucin negligis ! " Officium eras which was borno iu procession at the Circensian games, amiuit et motu signa seviDxla (/ei/if ; Ov. Am. iii, 2, 68. MAD. A similar trick is said to have been played of}' some few years afjo bv the priests in PortULjal, with an image of the Virgin, to coniirm Don Miguel's right to the throne, [s. Deane Serp. Wor. p. 149.1 126. Tlie Sa/ii were priests of Mars, (so called from tlieir dancing, Ov. F. iii, 38";) chosen out of the first families at Rome, [patrician both on the father's and on the mother's side, vi, 604 ; R.] as guardians of the heaven-descended buckler on whicli de- pended the fate of the empire. Numa had eleven other shields made, exactly similar to the original. The Sa/ii were at first twelve : TuUus Hostilius doubled the number. FAR. o^-^tiirn Kiiovtrai di i-riTi^Tuf, iXiyf/.tus •rivas x,a) fj!.iTa(i-iXa.i u fi/^ftai TU.x.'i IX"'^' **^ TVKteTtiTOL /tlTO, fUl/ini KOI XOlKpOTtlTel ivtlihiiTif Plut. V. iv; R. Virg. JE. viii, 285. [Livy iv, 54, 4 ; vi, 41, 7.] The neuter ancile is an adjective and agrees with scxtmn : as aitcilia anna ; V. Max. i, 1, 9 : it is derived from ari- cisus ' cut around;' Ov. F. iii, 377 f; or from dyKvXnv ' curved;' Plut. V. iv, p. 69. FRA. R. Mars liimself is here apostrophized, the father of Romulus, the founder, and Remus. FAR. Hor. Od. i, 2, 35 fif. MAD. ' Wherein is thy paterna! care displayed ':" R. 127. ' Where is the simplicity and innocence of that hardy race, to wliich Romulus and our forefathers belonged .'*' Sch. PRA. iii, 67 ; li. viii, 275. On the origin of the name Latium, s. Virg. JE. viii, 319 ff. MAD. 128. Mars was called Gradivus (xiii, W.i; Virg. JE. iii, 34 ;) either from gradiend o ' taking long strides,' or ' marching orderly ;' or from K^ulacot 'brandishing his s])ear;' (IRA. n'lt /jLax^a liifias, x^a'haav 'SeXiX'^xio* tyX'i' Horn. II. H •l\'.i, MAD. or from a 'i'hracian word signifying ' brave.' PliA. [Livy ii, 45, 14.] Urtica ' a burning itch' like that ex- cited by the ' nettle.' LUB. xi, 166. R. V29. ' Is consigned over.' Mart, xi, 78, 11; GRA. s. Suet, vi, 29; FAR. 117. R. 130. ' And yet thou evincest no symptoms of indignation !' FAR. xiii, l"j3 ff; s. Horn. Od. E 2b5 ; Virg. 2E. vii, 292; V. Flac. i, .528; vii, 677; R. Livy xxiv, 10, 7. ED. Citspis was ' the point of a sword or spear.' LUB. 131. Marswasthesonof Jupiter and Juno; PRA. Horn. II. E 896: according to others, of Juno only; Ov. F. v, 229. MAD. 'If the evil is grown too enormous to be checked by thy own power, complain to thy father, who is armed with lightnings.' FAR. Cede for discede. FAR. iii, 29 ; Virg. JE. vi, 460. MAD. ' Make room for some other deity, who will take more care of his charge.' R. [Livy ii, 2, t.] The i'am//u.s M art i us (Livy ii, 5 ;) is put for ' Rome,' and is called M'wrw6- ironically, with reference to the present impunity of crime as contrasted with the ancient severi ty of punishment : (ex- traordinary public trials used to be held in ' the Field of Mars.') PRA. R. This epithet also belongs to the god himself;^ Mart, x, 30, 2. GRA. MAD. 132. The satirist now introduces a conversation relating to one of these infamous weddings. Officiitin was ' a duty undertaken out of kindness or compliment:' nuptiale (Petron.) or nuptiarum (Suet, v, 26;) is here un- derstood. Plin. Fp. i, 9. T. MAD. R. SAT. 11. OF JUVENAL. 127 Primo sole mihi peragcndum in valle Quirini." Qu3D causa officii.^ " Quid qua^ris? Nubit amicus, 135 Nee multos adhibet." Liceat raodo vivere ; fient, Fient ista palara, cupient et in acta referri. Interea tormentum ingens nubentibus haeret, Quod uequeunt parere el partu retinere maritos. Sed melius, quod nil animis in corpora juris 140 Natura indulget. Steriles morientur et illis Turgida non prodest condita pyxide Lyde Nee prodest agili palmas prsebere Luperco. 133. Marriage contracts were often signed ' in the portico of the temple of Komulus on the Quirinal hill :' T. MAD. Mart, xi, 1, 9; PRA. in colic Quirini; Hor. Ep. ii, 2, 68 ; Od. i, 2, 46; Ov. M. xiv, 836. R. 134. ' Cannot you guess P a gentle- man of my acquaintance is to be led to the altar.' Niibere applies only to the br id e, (^/wce>-e to the bride groom. GRA. 117; i, 62; 78. R. See 124 and 137. ["Where the lady '■ wore the breeches," the phrases were reversed ; uxor em (/ttarc lociipletem due ere noliin^ffitteritis ? u x u r i n iihcre nolo niece, inferior matronn suo sit, Prisce, tnarifo : non aliter fnerint femina vinjiie pares; jNIart. viii, 12; rneits f rater nupsit dotatce vetulec, Pomp. in Non. ii, .577 : s. vi, 136.] 135. ' There will be but a small party to witness the ceremony:' because the Scatinian law was still in being. LUB. Pontice, si f/iia fncis, sine teste facis, sine tiirba ; n o n a d h ihes ni ii l- tos: Pontice, crit/li/s liomoes; Mart. vii, 100, 3 f. GV. ' If it please the gods to spare our live.".' PRA. 136. The repetition of the vfordjient adds force to the preiliction. Instances of this kind occur constantly in the Greek orators, [s. liUR. on JE. P. V.] Salvirin, who wrote in the fiftii cen- tury, speaking of this dedecoris scele- risijiie consortium, as he calls it, says that it spread ail over the city, and though the act itself was not common to all, yet the approbation of it was. MAD. Acta ' the public registers.' FAR. s. ix, H4 ; R. L, on Tac. An. v, 4. 137. Nubentibus ' these male brides.' 138. Such was the complaint of Eu- tropius : generis proh sors durissima jiostri '. femina cum senuit, re tine t c on nub ia ■part u, uxorisque decus matris revercntia pensat : nos Lucina fug it, nee pignore nitimur ullo; Claud, xix, 71 fi". FAR. Children constitute a bond of love: and sterility was a frequent cause of divorce. PRA. vi, 142 fif. R. 139. ' It is jast as well that nature prohibits thefulfilment of such extrava- gant wishes.' BRI. 141. Li/de was some woman who compounded, and sold in small boxes, (will from being originally made of ' box wood,' B(E.) a specific against barrenness. T. The epithet may either imply her own corpulence, as being an old woman, BE. or the effects of her nostrum. GRA. 142. The festival of the Lupercalia was instituted in honour of Pan (orium custos; Virg. G. i, 17;) because lupos arcet. A goat, the ciublcm of fecun- dity, being sacrificed, those who oilici- ated put on the skin of the victim and ran about with either a thong of the skin or a wand in their hands, with which they struck the palms of the wo- men whi> threw themselves in their way to have the benefit of the charm. Ex- c/pc fccundd! pat tenter rerbcra dcxtra' ; Ov.F. ii,427 &c; l.UB. illc cnprum mactat ijussee sua tcrgn maritd-pcltibiis exsectis percutienda dabant ; ib. 44.5 f. Shakspcare alludes to it: " Forget not in your speed To touch Calphurnia ; for our elders say, The barren fouciied in this holy chase, Shake off their sterile lt>S THE SATIRES SAT. ir. ^ icit c't lioc inoustruiii (uuicali I'uscina Gracchi, liUstravil(iiu' i'lij^a inodiain gladiator aicnam 145 Et Ca])itolinis gencrosior et Marcellis Et C'atulis Paiilli(iue minoribus et Fabiis et Omnibus ad jxidimn s})cctaiitibus : his licet ipsuin Adnioveas, cujus tunc niunere retia inisit. Esse aliquid Manes ct subterranea regna 1 ")0 Et contiim et Stygio ranas in gurgite nigras curse;" J. C.ts. i, 2. MAD. This siijHTstitious practice was one of the I-ist Pagan cerenionies that was aban- doned, and excited the indignation of many Christian writers. It was finally abolished by Gelasius ; in wliose time nohiles ipsi currel/atif ; et matrona; nii- dnto corpore vapiiluhnnt. GIF. The i'estival, which took place in February, was probably introduced into Italy by Evander: s. Virg. /En. viii, .S43 f. The grove there described, which was also the spot where Romulus and Re- mus were afterwards found, was fixed upon bv the Romans for the site of Pan's temple. I' I! A. 14:^. See the notes on viii, 192 tf; and 199 tr. J?. ' Has outdone.' '1 his may be an instance of that spirit of aggra- vation which so much distinguishes Juvenal. AVhatever be the vice which he lashes, he besrows the whole of his fury upon it; and in many places the cli- max of moral reprehension is strangely perverted. JR. All the writers of Roman history, however, viewed the gladiatorship of the nobility with the utmost horror. GIF. 144. See viii, 208. ' Traversed in flight.' M.^D. The centre of the amphitheatre was strewed with ' sand,' to hide the blood which wa« spilt. PRA. 145. (1) M. Manlius surnamed Ca- ]iU vo7f ^oXlfiino'it Ki)ihuit$f iiiXo) 130 THE SATIRES SAT. II. Tot belloiuni aiiiniu-, (Miotics liinc talis ad illos Umbra venit.'' Ciipcreiit lustiari, .si qua darentur Siil])hura cinn ticdis et si fovet luiinida lauviis. Illuc (lieu !) iniscri tradiiciinur. Anna quidem ultra 1(J0 Litora Jiivormv! promovimus ct inodo captas Orcada.s ac miiiiina contentos nocte Ihitannos : Sed qiKu nunc po])uli fiunt victoris in urbe, Non faciunt illi, (pios vicimus. " Et tamen unus Armeuius Zalates cunctis narratur ephcbis ovTif, iXtufi^ioi tiffin Kai v^o; ^^tifiXToiy ivro^oXrtt ihSa^au; ip(^ov(nf Arist. Eth. iii, H.j 1.56. lUvstres bellis animce; Lucan, Phars. Sch. lellorum for heUicee^ as aninife servientiiim; Tac. H. iv, 32; for serviles. s. vcoWki If^ifieus -^vpt^as figdur Horn. II. A 3 ; R. Virg. Al,. vi, 660. Juvenal adduces these patriots, both as instances of the belief in a future state, the greatest safeguard of integrity and incentive to valour; and as examples of the unfading happiness in store for those who faithfully dis- charge their duties as men and citizens. MAD. 157. ' To be purified from the con- tamination of its very presence, if they could get the requisite articles.' PRA. MAD. 158. ' The fumes of sulphur thrown on a lighted torch of the unctuous pine.' MAD. Plin. H. N. xxxv, 15. VRA. histrnlem sir rite facem, cid lu- men oilorum s n I p h u r e cartdeo ni- groque bituminefiimat, circum membra rotat docttis pttrganda sacerdos, rove pio spargens et dira fugantibus her bis meiiiina, purijieiniif/ue Juvem Trivinm- que preeatiis, trans rapid avcrsis mani- biis jaridatiir in avstrum sec/nn rap- turas rantata piarttla faedas; Cland. xxviii, 324 ff; Ov. M. vii, 2C1 ; F. iv, 739 f; A. A. ii, 329 f; Tib. i, 6, 11; 2, 61; Prop, iv, 8, 83 ff; Horn. Od. X 481. GRA. o fcayas iSicc xaie/iirnt ip(^i->v Tl^iKyiiiffi ^s, 'iva fiti [i>.aTrilfir;> uTo ruv (paiTo.ti/.a.rcaV Luc. Ncc. 9 dr 7. R- ITheoc. .\xiv, 94.] ' A branch of bay dipped iu water' was also used to sprinkle the parties who were to be purified. Plin. H. N. XV, 30. PRA. Lauro spargunfvr ab uda; Ov. F. V, C77. R. 159. See 149. Thus Trimalcio ex- claims, ' Hen, heu, nos miserosl quani totus homuneio nil est ! sir erimus eintcti, postqxam nos auferet Orcus ;' Petron. [40 f.] • Believe, or not; there is our final home !' LUB. GIF. De- bcninr morti nos, nostraque; Hor. A. P. 63. PRA. ' We are on our road thither:' [or ' We are dragged as cap- tives ;' s. Livy ii, 38, 2 : or ' We are driven as a flock of sheep / omnes eodem cogimiir, Hor. O. ii, 3, 25; K. (rompell/Mitr: " Tityre, roge pecus ;" Virg. [E. iii, 20 ; s. ib. ii, 30 ;] Sch.) or the metaphor may be taken from the oriental custom of transplanting vanquished people ; Her. v, 12.] R takes it to mean, ' To such a pass are we wretches cornel' 1 60. The same as Hibernia ' Ireland.' LUB. Camdt'ii thinks the Romans did not conquer that island, il/^i). (s. Tac. Ag. 24 ;) but Juvenal may be obliquely ridiculing the boastfulness of his de- generate fellow-countrymen. R. Modo i. e. by Claudius, LUB. or by Agricola ; Tac. 10. R. 161. ' The Orkneys.' MAD. In Britannia diermn spatia ultra nostri orbis mensuram : et nox clara, et ea'trema parte Britannia hrevis, ut finetn atque initium luris exiguo dis- crivdne intrrnoscas; Tac. Ag. 12; PRA. Plin. ii, 75 ; Cses. B. G. v, 10. R. 162. Undcrstand_^a^2^/a et facinora. Thus Seneca says of Alexander ; armis vie if, vitiis v ictus est. LUB. 163. Some one here starts an objec- tion. R. 164. A rme n i an hostages are men- tioned, Tac. A. xiii, 9; xv, 1 ff. LUB. When the Roman youths assumed the virile gown, they were said ex- cedere ex eph ebi s. Ter. And . i , 1 , 24. SAT. II. OF JUVENAL. 13L 165 Mollior ardenti sese indulsisse Tribimo." Adspice, quid faciant commercia ! venerat obses. Hie fiunt homines. Nam si mora longior Urbem Indulsit pueris, non umquam derit amator : Mittentur bracae, cultelli, frena, flagellum. 170 Sic praetextatos referunt Artaxala mores. 165. Ardens: Virg. E. ii, 1. MAD. ' To have yielded his person.' Stat. S. iv, 6, 36 f. R. Caligula may be the wretch de- signated by the name of ' Tribune;' Suet. [iv,l 36; MAD. s. xi, 7- R. 166. See 78. [ff. (nn.)] GP.A. Bonum esse cum bonis, hand valde laudabile est; cU hnmensi est preeconii, honum etiam inter malos exstitisse ; Greg. Mag. Mor. i, 1. PR A. As ' a hostage' his person should have been sacred. L UB. The breach of honour aggravates the crime. MAD, 167. ' Kome is the place for forming men.' R. 168. 'A seducer.' 169. ' Their national costume and habits will be laid aside.' The Ori- entals, as well as the Gauls, wore ' trowsers.' FAR. Pers. iii, 53 ; PRA. viii, 234; Prop, iv, 10, 43; Suet, ii, 82 ; Ov. Tr. v, 10, 34 ; iii, 10, 19 f. •Aya|uj• u ni nemo rale recessii, arte lahoratum nulla : simulnverat artem higcnio yiatura siio : 7iani pumice vivo et leviius t op h i s nat ivu m dnxerat arcum. fo n s sunat a deatra tenuiperlucidus tin da, mar- gine gramineo patiilos inc inct us hiatus; Met. iii, 155 ff. Numenaquce ' the sacred fount:' i?. or '■ the Naiad of the spring.' MAD. 20. Ingenuum ' native.' The tophus was ' a coarse lime-stone,' which was now supplaced by a marble basin.' R. Art ' does violence' to nature : nullo violatus Jupiter nuro; xi, 116; violaverit ostruehin- ; Viitc. ^'- ^^'^i ''/" j Mart, i, 54, G ; ftialm* iXixV.) ' The clearing the mud from rivers and harbours,' or else ' the fisheries, fer- ries, and harbour dues.' FAR. BRI. Or ' the construction and reparation of harbours.' GRA. 32. ' The cleansing of the public sewers.' Sch. s. Arist. Eth. iv, 1. ' The furnishing of a funeral.' GIF. Scipio's funeral was performed by con- tract, the sum being raised bv subscrip- tion : Plin. H. N. xxi, 3. VRA. 33. ' To speculatf in a drove of slaves' by buying the whole cargo, and then dis- pcsin? of them bv auction in separate lots. GRA. Pers. vi, 7fi f. MAD. ' A spear' used to be stuck up as the sign of a public auction. (Liv. xxiii, 37, 3 ; xxvii, 24, b. ED.) It was called ' the mistress-spear' as implying the dominion over the person and life of the slave, which was then and there vested in the purchnser. Bii. MAD. [or as a badge of al^f^uXaraf iouXorvm, Her. ix, 7*3.] Tib. ii, 4, 54. duminus and domina are often i.sed as adjectives : Ov. Her. 3, 100. HS. 34. ' They once used to blow the horn at the provincial theatres, and attend the strolling company of prize-fighfers from town to town.' T. PRA. ' The horn' was sounded to call the people to- gether, as at the shows in our country fairs. MAD. Municipium was ' a borough-town,' which had the privileges and fieedom of Rome, and at the same time was governed by laws of its own, somewhat like our corporations. MAD. 35. ' Their faces were known;' for which Juven;il says ' their cheeks,' the most prc)minent part of their faces while they were puffing their horns. ¥11 A. MAD. 36. ' Now they give shows to the people.' From the occasional practice of putting prisoners of war to death at the grave of a favourite chief who had fallen in battle, as the readiest way to appease his maiies, arose that of ex- hibiting combats of gladiators in Korae, at the funerals of eminent persons ; to which they were for some time restricted. The magistrates were the first to break through this restriction, by producing them at festivals for the amusement of the citizens. A mbitious men soon found that to gratify the people with such entertainments was one of the readiest roads to power Cicero first checked this abuse by a law prohibiting candi- dates from so doing. Augustus decreed that they should be given but twice a year. Caligula removed every restric- tion : Domitian gave them every en- couragement: and even Trajan ex- hibited the horrid spectacle of 10,000 victims, on his triumph over theDacians ! There were other checks of a secondary nature: among these a decree of the senate, ne quis gladiatorium munus ederet cut minor f/uadrinijentorum millium res ; Tac. An. iv, 63 ; and he was also required to be a free citizen ; for Ha pocras, the freedman of Clau- dius, exhibited them by the emperor's special indulgence. This will account for the indignation which the poet feels, when such purse-proud upstarts pre- sumed to trifle away the lives of their fellow-creatures at the caprice of an SAT. iir. OF JUVENAL. 137 Quern libct occidunt populariter: inde reversi Couducuiit foricas ; et cur non omnia .? quiim sint, Quales ex humili magna ad fastigia rerum 40 Extollit, quoties voluit Fortuna jocari. Quid Romaj faciam ? mentiri nescio : librum, unfeeling rahble. Cnnstantine sup- pressed these barbarous shows ; which were finally abolished by Arcadius and Honorius. s. Suet, i, 10; Tac. An. xiii, 49. GIF. T. R. Yertere pollicem was a sign of con- demnation, premere pollicem of favour. s. Hor. Ep. i, 18, m; LUB. Plin. xxviii, 2. PRA. The brutalization, resulting from the frequent sight of these massacres, rendered instances of compEission but rare. If any where, we might have anticipated such pity would be found in the breasts of the Vestals : O tenprvm jnitemrjue ani- mutn '. consnrgit ad ictus : et, c/t/oties victor Jerruni jugiilo inserit, ilia deli- cias ait esse siia-s ! pectusyiie Jacentis virgo modestajubet converse po/liee rumpi; ne lateat pars rtlla animee luta- lihus imis,altius impresso dum palpitat ense secutor '. Prud. adv. Sym. 1095. No war or pestilence ever swept away such myriads of the human race, as these barbarous sports. In some months, twenty or thirty thousand w^ere slaugh- tered in Europe alone. Nero and Caligula did but put to death some hundreds during their reigns : whereas, at these games, even private citizens frequently butchered a thousand in a day! L. GIF. [Spectator No. 43(5.] 37. ' When the vulgar spectators have notified their wishes, he gives the death-signal which was waited for, to curry favour with the rabble;' LUB. GRA. and therefore might be said ' to kill' the gladiator : s.WG; R. upon the principle r/ui farit per aliutn,jucit per se. ' From these magnificent exhibitions, they start off to the ediles to get some lucrative contract, no matter how sordid." ACII. 38. ' They farm the jates,' built for the accommodation of the public, upon payment of a trifle, crmducere ' to con- tract for;' vi, 6f»7; R- s. note on 13; and Arist. Eth. iv, 1. 40. ' Tiie elevation of such low people is solely attributable to a frolic of the blind ffoddess.' x, 366; Hor. Od. i, 34, 14 ff; XXXV. 1 ff; iii, 29, 49 ff; MAD. vii, 197 f; i?tat. Th. iii, 179; Claud, xix, 23 if. Hence she is called improha; vi, 605 ff. tnirri Se xa) tSi vrii "^v^rti iycibii xuraippavuv . ipoitra, urcrta |y g'xnttj xai ■roXvrpartuTu ^odfcxvi, coy fii> £§ cixiTOU oivroTrn vpi>io*Ta, to* S' utTi TXcveiov ■^svnra rov Ss ffarpii'rn' Ik TiyKTos Vi (iaciXla. ToZro yap foi xai tH aeiycTa-roy io'Tit. on kuitoi f/.ttpTueou/xirtis Tfii Tv^r,; -rai^tiv •za tuv aifpuTria* wptiy- ftaTa y.ai of/okoyoCang f/.n^i» al/ToJv litai lit^atev, o/u&ii fii(rToi Tii^i'ixffi Tuyrts oil ytyyofiiva-' iX^i^ay Luc. in Nig. 20; K. Livy XXX, no, 2. 41. Vir bonus et pauper lingvacjue et pecfore verus, quid tibi vis, Urbem qui, Fabiane, petis? qui nee leno pates nee coniissalor haberi, nee pnvidos tristi voce citnre reos ; nee potes vxorem carl corrunipere umici, plaudere nee Cano plaudere nee Glaphyro. XJnde miser vivcs? homo fidus, certus amicus, hoc nihil est: numqunm sic Philomelus eris; Mart, iv, 5. Wyatt, in his Epistle to his friend T'oynes, shows that he had this Satire before him : " But how may I this honour now attaine, That cannot dye the colour black a Iyer .'^ My Poynes, I cannot frame my tune to fayn. To cloke the truth, for praise without desert, Of them that list all vice for to retayne." Hence he cannot prefer Chaucer's Tale of Sir Topas to his Pala?mon and Arcite: he cannot " Praise Syr Topas for a noble tale, And scorne the story that the Knight toldc. Praise him for counsell that is dronke of ale ; Grinne when he laughes that beareth all the sway, Frowne when he frowned, and grone when he is pale ; On others' lust to hang both night and day." GIF. Librum : s. Hor. A. P. 419 ff ; Pers. i. FAR. quod ta7ti grnnde " at^ui\^'' clnmal fihi hirha togafn, no/i tu, Hom- poni, cwna di serin tua est; Mart, vi, 48. MAD. I 138 THE SATIRES gAT. III. Si niahis csi, uequeo laiulare ct poscere: inolus Astioruin i}.i;ni)ro : limus ])roinitlero patris Nee volo nee j^ossimi : vanavinu viseeva nuinquam 45 Inspexi. Eerro ad uuptam, quae mitdt adulter, Quie inandut, normit alii : nie nemo ministvo Fur eril alque idoo nulli comes exco, tamquam Mancus et exstiucta; corpus non utile dexlvae. Quis nunc diligitur, nisi conscius et cui fervens 60 ^Estuat occultis aninuis seniperque tacendis ? Nil tibi so debere putat, nil conferet uniquam, Parlicipem qui to secreti fecit honesti. Cams erit Vcrri, qui Verrem tempore quo vult Accusare potest. Tanti tibi non sit opaci 55 Omnis ai^ena Tagi quodque in mare volvitur aurum, 42. Poscere ' to say I should be de- lighted to have a copy.' F^iR. ' I am no astrologer.' FAR. vi, 453 ff; xiv, 24S f. R. 43. Spondere; vi, 54S; ' to the pro- digal and expectant heir,' (vi, 565 If;) R. (/uifiliiis ante diem patrios inquirit in annos, Ov. M. i, 14S. FAR. 44. ' Though a soothsayer, I never explored the entrails of a toad,' for the purpose of extracting poison. Ez ranae rnbetce visceribzis, id est, lingua, ossiculo, liene, corde, mira fieri />osse comtat, sunt eni/n p/urimis viedicaminibus referla; Plin. [H. N. viii, 4K ; xxxii, IS, 7 ; &c ;] FAR. i, 70 ; PRA. vi, 658 ; 563 ff ; MAD. Ov. M. XV, 577. R. Either our ' toad' is not the rana rubeta, [in vepribus tan- tum vivunt, grandissimce cunctarum, geminis veluti cornibus, plenee vcne- ficiorum, Pli. H. N. xxxii, 18, 7;] or it has lost its noxious qualities in this country. The compounders of poi- sons might pretend to extract venom from toads, in order to conceal their secret, which more probablj' was some vegetable or mine ral poison. GJJP. 45. Qnee mittit, ' billets doux and presents.' GRA. 46. Quee mandat, ' messages.' GRA. 47. ' I will never be an accessary to peculation, or lend myself as an agent to extortion ; therefore no governor, wrhen departing for one of the foreign provinces, would receive me into his train.' «. 5.3 f. 48. ' A cripple.' exsi/nctce dextrce is a Grecism for exstincia dextra. ' I am not dexterous enough in knavery to be made any one"s right-h an d man.' 49. Quis? i. e. nemo, ' none, but the confidant of a guilty secret.' FAR. vis fieri dives, Bithynive ? conscius esto ; Mart, vi, 1, 5. R. 50. Animo cestunnte reditum ad vadi retulit; Cat. a metaphor from the sea ' raging and boiling' under the influence of a storm : J'e r v et vertigine pontus ; Ov. M. xi, 549; Mauru semper ae- stuat unda; Hor. Od. ii, 6, 3 f; \fervidus eestus, S. i, 1, 38.] " The wicked are like the troubled sea, when it canoot rest, whose waters ca.st up mire and dirt. There is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked;'' Isaiah Ivii, 20 f; MAD. "Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame;" St Jude 13. 51. 'To be under no obligation.' MAD. nil tibi, vel minimum, basia pura dabunt; Mart, vi, 1,6. R. 53. See ii, 26; PRA. Tac .A. vi, 4; Amm. Marc, xxviii, 6, 20. R. s. 47. 54. Arcanum neque tu scrutaberis nllius iimquam, commissiimque tegas, vel vino tortus et ira; Hor. Ep. i, 18, 37 f. FAR. jFlstuH serenos aur eo /ranges Tag o, obscuru s vmbris arborum ; M art. i , 1, 15ff. PRA. bb. Now ' the Taio.' R. arena au- rvmrpie ( S» 5ia ?««?») ' golden sands.' SAT. III. OF JUVENAL. 139 Ut somno careas ponendaque pvaemia sumas Tristis et a magno semper timearis amico. Quae nunc divitibus gens acceptissinia noslris Et quos pvaecipue fugiam, pvoperabo fateii 60 Nee pudor obstabit. Non possum ferre, Quirites, Graecam Urbem : quamvis quota portio faecis Achaei ? Jam pridem Syrus in Tiberim defluxit Orontes Et linguam et mores et cum tibicine chordas Obliquas nee non gentilia tympana secura 65 Vexit et ad Circum jussas prostare puellas. Ite, quibus grata est picta lupa barbara mitra. 56. Some crmhuud poneiiciawith. pro- posita: (Virg. yE. v, 292; 48ti;) it is rather t-quivalent to deponeiida, espe- cially in juxta-position with sionas; [but s. ii, 84, i';] R. as in Hor. Od. iii, 2, 19: 3IAD. ii, 66. \fi *«T. Pudor: Umbricius blushed for his country. Quirites ! is said in bitterness of spirit, and as a contrast to Grofcam. vi, Hi; 185 1V; 291 if; xi, 169 ff; xv, llOff; Pers. vi,38; JTG. Sii.iii, 178; xi , 41; 49; 69; Cic. pro Flac. Luc. Nigr. 15. R. 61. ' A Grecian Rome, (xv, 110. R.) Yet, when I see what a deluge of Asiatics the Orontes has disgorged into the Tiber, I must own tliat the lilth of Greece bears but a small jjroportion to the inundation of impurity with which we are overwhelmed.' GIF. s. xiii,157. The depravity of the Greeks we learn from I Corinthians vi, 9. . 11 ; and else- where in the New Te'^tamtnt. MAD. »>.a Tcr. iStri aPa-'uf avr'oh Cat Tinnie) autuKiTTeti u; to Kar-radoxu* xa) Xv^ut xa) no»r(X4/» xai ci>./.wv tXii'^vuv Ath. i, :ui. JiOC. 62. The inhal.ilants of the East, and CBpecially of Antiocli, which was on »hf Oronfef, (.Tnlian. iVIisop. Herodian ii, 7, 15; HNN.) were scandalously debauched in their morals, (viii, 158 f ;) and introduced quite new fashions; (vii, 14 £F; viii, 198 if;) Mart, iii, 4; V, 56; Suet, x, 19. For a similar metaphor, see vi, 295 ; Claud, xix, 434; Isaiah viii, 6. .8. R. 63 Lud'iiria peregrinee origo ab ex- ercitit Axiatico invectn iu urbem est; turn psaltrice sambucistriceque et convi- viatia liidionum oblectamenta addita epulis; Liv. xxxix, 6; the sambucum was a triangular lyre. The ' harp and flute' were verj- generally played toge- ther ; s. Hor. E. ix, 5 f ; and elsewhere. SN. [S. i, 2, 1; Anibuba iae dicuntur mulierestibicinaB lingua Syrorum. Sch. Anbuba is Sj-riac for ' a pipe.' BAX, s. PZ, on M. V. H. xii, 35. ^A'.] 64. ' National tambourines.' Sch. Lucr. ii, 618. R. 65. There were several Circuses at Rome. The Circus Mnximus is heie meant, which was first built by Tar- quinius Priscus, [Eutr. i, 6;] PllA. and by subsequent alterations was able to accommodate 260,000 spectators, KT. being more than three furlongs in length, and one broad; Plin. xxxvi, 15 s 24. BRI. See 223. ' To stand for hire.' \i, 123; Ii. i, 47. Pifcllas, el (/uas Euphrates et r/uas mi/ii niisit Orontes ; Prop, ii, 23, 21. R. 66. ' Hie thither.' GIF. ' The barbarian harlot with em- broidered' (understand acu) ' turban.' These women were termed liipcc from their rapacity; and the houses where they lodged, lupannria. The Greeks and Romans called till foreigners ' bar- barians.' "MAD. See note ou Her. i, pr. See ii, 84 ; ?RA. Virg. &. iv, 216; 140 THE SATIRES SAT. III. Rusticus illc tTins sumit trechedipiia, Quirine, Va ceroinatico Cert iiiceteria collo. llif alta Sicyonc ast hie Amydone relicta, 70 Hie Audio, illc Sanio, hie Trallibus aut Alabandis, Esquilias dictuinque pctinit a viminc coUem, Viscera uiaguaruui douuuim dominique futuri. Ingenium velox, audacia j)erdita, sermo Promptus et Isieo torrentior. Ede, quid ilium 75 Esse putes ? quem vis honiinem, secura adtulit ad nos; ix, 6J6; Id. Cop. 1 ; Ov. M. xiv,654; Claud. XX, 185. R. G7. The Romans were reduced to the level of prize-fighters ; while foreign- ers were worming themselves into every post of power and profit. LUB. To mark his contempt the more, the poet crowds his description with Greek words. GIF. s. Hor. Ep. ii, 1, i;2 f. R. [Perhaps these lines should be written thus Rus/ifits ille tiii/s siiniif r^t^i- %una., Qi/irinc, Et xnow/iaTixef fcH tiKVTiioia cnUo. and again T^a/ifiariKo;, fnTO)^, yioftiT^ti! , piclor^ aXuTrris, Au- gur, ff^oim^aTn! I medicus, fiiyot : om- nia HOVit. 7t) f.] Rusticus; s. ii, 74 ; 127 ; viii, 274 f. MAD. It is not agreed what part of the dress is meant by TQt^ihiTta. It may be the same as l»Sfo/Kif, ' a gymnastic dress,' 103 ; vi, 245. T. or ' the succinct ▼est of the Greek wrestlers,' GIF. or ' a suit of liver)-,' s. v, 143 ; RG. or ' a cloak in which they ran for their supper or dole,' 127 f; LUB. PRA. HOL. or ' Grecian shoes,' Sch. SM. HNN. or the same as tixtirn^ia, i.e. ' prizes worn round the neck, which served as badges to distinguish such as wtre entitled to partake of the suppers provided at the public expense.' SCA. RIG. VO. Quirifi'ts, a surname of Romulus, derived from curis a Sabine word sig- nifying ' a spear ;' or from Cures, after the admission of the Sabints into Rome. Mars was called Gradivus when in- censed, and Qiiirinus when pacified. Ot. F. ii, 475 ft-; PRA. s. ii, 12S. Urt.vii,32,9; PRA. Pliri. I'l. N.xxxviii,4 s 13 ; xxxv, 12 f; i<. with which they besmeared their neck and breast, and that profusely ; for Seneca, telling his friend Luciliiw of a journey he had taken, says, ' the roads were so bad that ho rather swam than walked, and, befire he got to his irm, was plastered over with ceroma like a prize- fighter.' GIF. Mart. iv,4, 10; xix, 5. 69. See vii, 14 fF. Siri/on, in Achaia, was »t) Xipov i^oftyo¥' Strab. viii, p. 587. R. Aini/doH, in Pseonia a district of Macedon. Hom. Ii. B 849. LUB. 70. Andros one of the Cyclades. LUB. Samos an island off the coast of Ionia, where- Juno was especially worshipped. LUB. Tralles a frontier tovirn of Lydia. PRA. Alabanda a rich city of C'aria. iZTS'. 71. ' The Esquiline and Viminal Hills,' two of the seven on which Rome stood, are put for the city itself. The former is now ' the Mount of St Mary the Greater.' PRA. It had irs name frame sen I i ' the bay-oaks' which grew there; MAD. but s. Ov. F. iii, 245. R. 72. ' The vital organs.' PRA. 73. Ingenium velox; Ov. M. viii, 254. R 74. 'Than that of TsEBus.' R. There were two celebrated orators of this name: (1) the preceptorof Demosthenes, who came to Athens froin Chalcis: Quint, xii, 10. (2) An Assyrian, who flourished at Rome in Hadrian's reign: Plin. Ep. ii, 3. BRI. ' More rapidly fluent.' ton-ens dicendi copia et fncundia ; x, 9 f ; 128 ; Quint, iii, 8, 60; Plin. xxvi, 3. s. Inrgus et exinidnns ingenii fans; x, 119; Hom. II. A 249; lior. O. iv, 2,5 ff. R. ' Tell me ;' 296 ; &c. Qnid ; s. i, 74 ; XI, .33; Ov. Her. 12, 31. R. 7o. ' He is a Jack of all trades: nothing comes amiss to him ; he is such a universal genius.' MAD. SAT. III. OF JUVENAL. 141 Grammaticus, rhetor, geometres, pictor, aliptes, Augur, schcenobates, inedicus, magus; omnia novit. Gra?culus esuriens in ccelum, jusseris, ibit. Acl summam, non Maurus crat neque Sarmata nee Thrax, 80 Qui sumsit pennas, mediis sed natus Atbenis. Horura ego non fugiam conch ylia ? Me prior ille Signabit .'^ fultusque toro mehore recumbet Advectus Romam, quo prima et cottana veuto .'' Usque adeo nihil est, quod nostra infantia ccelum 85 Hausit Aventinum baca nutrita Sabina .? 76. Terrce mensor: Hor. Od. i, 28. 1 f. PRA. geometres must be scanned as three syllables: FAR. thus uno eodemqne ignt ; Virg. E. viii, 81 : [but s. 67, note.] ' An anointer' of wrestlers in the gj'mnasium (from dxufuv) : FAR. who had also the training of athletes ; Find. 01. viii, 71 ff. Or ' a bath-man' who anointed those that had bathed : s. vi, 422. Or possibly, ' an oculist.' R. 77. ' An Augur' divined the future from the flight, the feeding, and the chirping of birds: FAR. 'an Aruspex' from the entrails of sacrifices. ' A Rope-dancer' (from irxo7vos and fianut'j J'linainbulus ; Ter. Hec. pr. 4 ; ;^4. FAR. In Persis ungnrantur et d'lvinant mrtgi : nee ffnuKfuani rex Fersnrum esse potest, (jui non ante viagoriim dis- ciplinam scientiamque pereeperit ; Cic. Div. i, 90. PRA. 78. The diminutive' Greekling' (JiF. is used in contempt, s. 61 ; R. Arist. Eh. iii, 2, 6. Fkuriens. Quis expedivit psittaco sJnim x,'"Z* jiif^nsipie dociiit nostra verba ronari :' Magister nrtis ingenu/ne lar- gitor venter, negntas art ife x sft/ni j-Of'>s : Per" pr. 8 ff. F.'.'F. ri Ttt/a tU Ko) rtr.i TaXXa ryii iieeteiv* xt^^tiiulat rr^it iauTtit ivicr^ifii' f'hry;i. ( )r. iv. ad Ant. /'. " ^Jece^J^ity is the mother of Invention." I/)it ' he will try.' cirliim ipsiim jietiniiis stultitin ; Hor. Ori. i, .'J, 38. R. 1\). ' In Bhort.' I MIL .Sarmrtto ] ii, 1. I'KA. 80. There is here a double allusion ; (I) to Dfedfilim, i, .04 ; who was either grandson or great-grandson, of Krech- thcua king of Athens: (2) tn a man at Rome, who made an attempt to fly in the reign of Nero: inter Pyrrhicaruni argnmenta Icarus primo siathn conatii Jifxta cubiculum ejits{Neroms) decidit, ipsunupie crnore respersit; Suet, vi, 12; Mart. Sp. 8. Though there is no certainty that this latter was an Athenian. R. GRA. 81. Conc/iy/iioit, viii, 101 ; or inurex, was the shell-fish from which the purple dye of the ancients was obtained. Plin. H. N. ix, 36 ; viii, 1. It is here put for ' the purple robes' worn only by nobles and men of the first distinction. BRI. PRA. R. ' .Shall he take precedence of me in signing marriage-settlements, wills, &c, as a witness ?' L UB. Pers. v,8\.PRA. 82. Effultum plinna versicolore ca- put ; Prop. iii. 7, oO ; or rather ' on the elbow.' R. 'I"he middle couch was the ' more honourable one.' GRA. Hor. S. ii, 8, 20 if; MAD. s St Luke xiv, 7. [To avoid disputes for precedence at . table, in days of chivalry, knights were sometimes seated at a round table.] 83. ' Imported from Syria.' LUB. i, 11 1. MAD. m isti/s Pliarils venalis mere lb us infans; Stat. S. ii, 1, 73. R. ' The plums of Damascus' were fa- mous. LUB. They are mentioned in conjunction with rti//a«« ; Plin. H N. xiii, 5 ; XV, 13; Mart, xiii, 28 f; PRA. iv, 5;!, 7 ; Stat. S. iv, 9, 28. R. [ib. i, 6, 14.] Hence our word damsons, originally written iiamascenks. Syria peculiares habet nrbores in fie or um genere: caricas, et minores ejus generis i/iire cottana vocant; Plin. xiii, 5 ; Mart, iv, 89, 6. PRA. 8.5. Hniisit cwltmi ; Virg. .^5. x, 899. R. ' 'I'he Avf-ntiiu',' one of the seven 14- Tlll<: SATIRES 8AT. 111. Quid, quod iiduUuidi gens piudentissima laudat Scvnionein indocti, Ihcicni deformis uinici, I'il loiif^uni invalid! colluin ccrvicibus icquat Hevculis AnUcuin pvocul a tcllure tcncntis? 90 Miratur voccin angustam, qua dotcrius nee lUe sonat, quo luordctur gallina inavito. Ha^c eadem licet el nobis laudare: sed illis Creditur. An uielior, quura Thaida sustinet, aut quum hills, is now the Mount of St Sabina. PRJ. ' The Sabine berry' is opposed to ' the Syrian prunes.' The Sabine lands abounded in ' olives,' (Virg. JE. \n, 711 ; Sil. iii, 596 ; Mart iv, 4, 10 ; It.) which are here put for the fruits of Italy in general : the species for the genus. BRI. FAR. Ntltritci. [raiSor^e(pou (fuXXo* IXaiatj Soph. CE. C. 733.J HG. For other descriptions of such flatterers, see Hor. A. P. 428 tf; Theoph. Ch. ii ; Ter. Eun. ii, 2 ; iii, I ; Amm. Ep. xxv; (s. 100 ff; Ov. A. A. ii, 200 ff; Plant. Amph. iii, 3, 4 ff ;) Plut. M.iv. R.LUB. 88. CoUum ' the throat,' cervix ' the nape of the neck' PRA. ' the neck and shoulders.' MAD. Plin. xiv,22 ; Mart. xiv, 48; Pind. Lsth. iv, 83 ff. R. [" The turn of the neck and arms is often commended in the Latin poets among the beauties of a man, as Hor. O. i, 13, 2 f. This we should be at a loss to account for, did we not observe, in the old Roman statues, that these two parts were always bare and ex- posed to view, as much as our hands and face are at present;" ADD, Ii. p. 100 f; 8. xiv, 309; Livy iv. 12 f.] * Pronounces equal.' LUB. 89. The conflict of Hercules with Antjeus, son of the Earth, whose strength was renovated by falling on the bosom of his mother and who was ultimately crushed by being held on high in the arms of his antagonist, is described, Luc. iv, 519 ff; LUB. Apollod. ii, 5, 11. R. [" What a strained and unnatural .'•imilitude must this si-em to a modern reader; but how full of humour, if we suppose it alludes to any celebrated statues of these two champions that stood perhaps in some public place or highway near Rome ? We meet with the figures on antique intaglios and medals, nay Pioi)ertius has taken notice of the very statues." (Where? ED.) ADD, R. p. 100.] 90. ' He professes to admire.' LUB. ' Shrill and grating,' which is a great imperfection in a speaker; Quint, xi, 3; PRA. vocis acutee mollities; Claud, xix, 340 f. R. 91. As the text stands, the construc- tion is ille {niaritus) sonat, (a) quo marito g. m. There are instances of an ablative of the agent without a preposition. CO, on Sal. B. J. 15; 21. OU, and RK, on Suet, i, 19. HEI. Various alterations however have been proposed; (1) cui for a quo as illi, scrivta qui bus comcpdia priscn viris est; Hor. S. i, 10, 16; Sil. i, 208 f. R. (2) Either deterior sonus, quo {sono). ..; (.■)) or i I la ( vox) . .., qua BRE. (4) Either ilia. .., qrtum. . . . ; (5) or ilia (^gallina) . . . , quae CLA. JC. ACH. In all these marito is the dative. The latter part of the line is merely a periphrasis for gallus, as olentis uxores mar it i; Hor. Od. i, 17, 7 ; for capellee: s. Virg. E. vii, 7; in imitation of tSv alyar anjg' Theoc. viii, 49. PRA. Vox ultra vires urgenda non est : nam et suffocaia scepe et majore nisu minus clara est, et interim elisa in ilium soniim erumpit, cui GrcBci xXayuov nomen a gallorttm immaturo canta dederunt; Quint, xi, 3. LUB. 92. With illis understand tantum. R. s. Suet, vi, 22. PRA. 93. ' Is a better actor to be found than the Greek?' Thais was a common name in comedy for a co\irtezan. PRA. Snstincre ' to sustain the part of,' synonymous with agere^ to act.' MAD. SAT. IIJ. OF JUVENAL. 143 Uxorem comcedus agit vel Dorida nullo 95 Cultam palliolo ? Mulier nempc ipsa videtur, Non persona, loqiii : vacua et plana omnia dicas Infra ventriculiira et tenui distantia rima. Nee taraen Antiochus nee erit mirabilis illic Aut Stratocles ant cum molli Demetrius Haemo. 100 Natio comoeda est. Rides? meliore cachinno Concutitur : flet, si lacrumas conspexit amici. Nee dolet : igniculum brunia) si tempore poseas, Accipit endromiden : si dixeris " ^stuo," sudat. Non sumus ergo pares : raelior, qui semper et omni 105 Nocte dieque potest alienum sumere vultum, A facie jactare manus, laudare paratus, 94. Comcedus was the actor, co7in- eus the w ri t e r of comedy. LUB. Doris, the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, was the mother of Thetis and other sea-nymphs by Nereu.*. LUB. PRA. HZ. Or ' a'Dorie girl.^ The Spartan girls were scantily and thinly clad ; whencf la^id^uy for Ta^afaUin Ko) Ta^ayvfioevy To>.v toZ e'duaro;' ilust. HesyeU. Jtt. 95. ' A short mantle and hood,' or- dinarily worn by this class of females. Mart, "ix, 33, 1 ; xi, 27, 8 ; s. Ov. A. A. i, 734; Suet, y, 2. B. 96. Persona "roiauroy ' a mask,' hence ' a fictitious character,' \i. 97. ' You would swear it was a woman, every inch of her.' 98. Antiochus, Stratocles, Donelrius, and llarnus were celebrated actors of the day. Quint, xi, 3. LTJB. Illic'- in their own country.' PRA. 99. Called ' soft' perhaps from per- sonating fenitiles. vi, I'JR. LUB. 100 ' A horse-lau;;h.' MAD. o( xaruff^uv rot yiXurrf 'j'heoph. (,h. ii ; 7'isu trcmulo cojicvssu carhiiinent {corpora) et lacrn- mis salsis hiiinectent ora genasqiic; Lucr. i, 918 i'. It. [Hor. A. V. 4J9 f. " One day lord Pylades cracked some joke, and laughed most heartily at it ; gentleman Orestes laughed a.s much to the full. The person who sat next him not having heard what was said, asked him what they laughed at : I don't know, said Orestes, I laughed, because my lord laughed :" F. Greyille Max. cxix ; s. Ar. Eth. iv, 6 ; Hor. E. i, 18. 10; PK, on i Kings xxii, 8.] 102. ' And yet grieves not in reality.' R. Pers. vi, I. PRA. 103. ' A great coat,' used in winter after gymnastic exercises to prevent catching cold, vi, 246; Mart, iv, 19; xiv, 12G. PRA. The h\,fiitis of the Greeks were shoes, li. s. 67. .iEstuo; i, 71. Such is Osric's cha- racter: " Ham. Your bonnet to his right use; 'tis for the head. Osr. I thank your lordship, 'tis very hoi. Ham. No, believe me, 'tis very cold ; the wind is northerly. Osr. It is in- different cold, my lord, indeed. Ham. But yet, methinks it is very sultry and hot ; or my complexion — Osu. Ex- ceedingly, my lord ; it is very sultry, — as 'twere,— I cannot tell how — " iShaks- peare Ham. v, 2. MAD. 104. ' A match.' MAD. ' He has the best of it.' 106. iv, 118; Mart, x, 10, 10; Tac. H. i, .36; Plin. xxviii, 2. R. This exactly coincides with what we call kissing the hand to any one ; as is very frequently done when persons see each other at a distance, or are passinsr in carriages ; which is looked upon Ks a token of friendly courtesy. This custom is mentioned as an action of religious worship paid hy idolaters to the ho-^t of U4 rilK SATIHKS SAT. III. Si bene ruflavit, si rectiuii iiiinxit ainicus, Si tviilla invorst) ciepituiu dcdit auieu I'undo. Pi\Ttcica sanclmn niliil e.st et ab iiiguine tutum ; 110 Non matrona laris, iion filia virgo, neqiie ipse Sponsu.s levis adhuc, non filius ante pudicus. Hornni si nihil osl, aviam resnpinat amici. Scire volant secreta donius atque inde timeri. Et qiioniani ca^pit Giaecoium mentio, transi 115 Gymnasia atque audi facinus majoris abollai. Stoicus occidit Bareani, delator amicuni, Discipulunique senex, ripa nutritus in ilia, heaven. Jobxxxi,27- M/ID. [Soph. Ph. 666. Compare the senses of ^^ HIS and mm.] Parutiis ' wont ;' vi, 16; 207 ; ix, 7 ; 49; xii, lOfi; xiii, 108. R. 107. Rectum for rerte. FAR. 108. This may refer to the vulgar smack of the lips, caused by draining the very last drop from tlif golden cup turned bottom upwards and ori fice down- wards. T. Hor. S. ii, 3, 144 ; Mart, ix, 97, 1. Or to dashing the liquor, left in the bottom of the cup, on the floor ; from which practice arose the amuse- ment of a person's tossing it into brazen saucers, to find by the sound how much his sweetheart loved him. AX. PRA. Or it may mean ' a golden stool-pan,' such as vvas used by luxurious Romans. Mart, i, 38. This though it yields an indelicate sense is more in unison with the preceding line, and also with a similar passage of Diodor. Sinop. tif SmpD* rev 'HoaxXix tt4fiou/i.itcii tZv lu- vipar Titis ■ TaocftcriTCu; iXifitvei r^tfitiv yiftiiti Tov; Vi xoXaxiuiiv iui/a/u-itov; xai vcatT tTaittTf tnt fTHori Voiffl^uyoi^ pa ^avfia xoLi ffot-Vpiv ff'iXovoov xaraipttyat, la xa) piV i//*/(?///«a minion of Domitian. MAD. Of Erimnrrliuii nothing is known. All three nami's may be fictitious. .ST" A'^. 122. Hnhcru ' to possess one's affec- tions ;' Virg. K. i, .'U ; iii, 107; Cic. E. ix, H>. n. Fficiliti auris ; v, jn?. K. Instillare auriculis; Hor. Ep. i, 8, 16 ; s. Ov. Her. 3, 23. R. 123. It is possible that Erimarchns might have been an African, tollite Massylas frauiles : reinovete hilingues insidias et verba soli sp i rantia virus; Claud, xv, 284 f. R. This metaphor is illustrated by thefollow- ingpassage; " Upon my secure [s.l96;] hour thy imcle stole, With juice of cursed hebenon in a vial, And in the porches of mine ears did pour The leperous dis- tilment;" Shakspeare Ham. i, 5. 124. Limine s. i, 96. R. 125. Ihe loss is so soon supplied. PRA. jactura is properly ' the throw- ing of goods overboard iu a storm.' 31/1 D. de illis potissimiim. jactura Jit, quia pretii minimi sunt; Sail. Or. ii, ad Ca>s. m. jactura servuli vilis; Cic. Off. iii, 23. 126. See i, 95 fif ; 100 ff. ojtcium ; ii, 132. n. Ne nobis blandiar ' to tell the truth.' R. 127. Cum tu, laurigeris annum qui fascibus infras, mane salutator limina mille teras ; hie ego quid J'aciam ? quid nobis, Paulle, relinquis, qui de plebe Nunire, dcn.saque turba sumus f quid faciei p a u p e r, cui nan licet esse clienli:' dimisit nostras purpura vestra togas; GIF. t ogat u s Mait. X, 10 inane vel a media nocte ero; Mart, x, 82, 2; LUB. i, 127 If; e.iigis a nobis 0}ieraui sine fine togatam ; Mart, iii, 40, I ; PRA. ii, 18; iii, 7; 36; iv, 8; x, 74. ' The poor client' here may be a retainer of the pra-tor. 7? 128, See i, 101. VRA. Thf pnetor had six lictors, the consul twelve. L. U iJCi Jill'; sA'i"ii{i-:s SAI. Ill PntH-ipitcm jnboal (liulmn vi}i;ilaiitil)us orbis, 130 Me j)ri()r Alhinain ct Moditun collega salutet ? Divitis liic sewi claiulit latiis ingcnuoruni Filius: aller enim, (|uantiuii in legione tribuni Accipimit, donat Calvinae vel Catienie, Ut semel atque iteiuni super illam palpilet : at tu, 135 Quuni tibi vcstiti lacies scorti placet, haeres El dubitas alta Chioneii deducere sella. Da tesleni Roiiiaj tain sanctum, quam fuit liospes Xuuiinis Idit^i ; proccdat vel Numa vel qui These lictors, on ordinary occasions, marched at a slow pace. MAD. 129. Orbee '• widowswithoutchildren,' viz. Albhia and Modia ; vigilantes ' up and dressed.' LUB. " The childless matrons are long since awake." DRY. Or ' the orphans havincr been waiting in vain for the proetor to appoint their guardian.' Sch. 130. ' Should be before-hand in pay- ing his respects;' which, being the greater complimirnt and the greater proof of friendship, LUB. would be likely to supplant less attentive rivals in the wills of these rich dowagers, s. i, 117. PRA. The two prsetors here meant are probably the Urbaniis who judged causes between citizens, and the Peregrinus who was the judge in causes between foreigners. MAD. 131. if/c' at Rome;' 160; 180; 332. Claudere latus is ' to walk on the left side of a person and give him the wall.' FE. Hor. S. ii, 5, 18 ; VllA. s. Mart, ii, 46, J* ; vi, 68, 4; II. Livv xxiv, .0, 9. 132. ' Thepayofamilitary tribune,' forty-eight pieces of gold, put for an indefinitely largesum. The foot-soldier received twelve pieces, the centurion double, the horse-soldier treble, and the tribune quadruple. L. G. The Roman army first received pay [."49 v. li. i,iv. iv, 59.] 133. Junta [or Julia] C'alvina and Catiena were celebratt-d courtezans. The former is mentioned, Suet, x, [23 ;] CRA. ED. Tac. A. xii, 4; 8. (L.) R. 134. ' 'J'o enjoy her once or twice: whereas thou,' i. e. Juvenal. MAD. 13.5. ' Well dressed.' BRI. Or ' clad in the /or/n ;' s. i, 96 ; ii, 70. FE. Or ► oidinary,' and therefore ' thoroughly dressed' as having no beauty to show, s. Hor. S. i, 2, 83 ff ; Mart, iii, 3. PRA. Ha-rere ' to hesitate.' Sch. 136. These females used to sit in ' high chairs' in order to be seen the better by those who were looking after them. s. Sen. Ben. i, 9; Plant. Poen. i, 2, 54 If ; Hor. S. i, 2, 101 ff. Hence are derived the terms svllariun, sellu- lariiis, sellariola popina and sellaria ; Tac. A. vi, 1; Mart, v, 71, 3; Suet, iii, 43. Sch. FE. C'/«2'o«e was another well-known cour- tezan. Mart. 1,35; 36; 93; iii, 30; 34; 83; 87; 97; xi, 61; &c. PRA. MAD. R. 137. Da ' produce' was a forensic term. R. The Sibylline books being consulted (548 y. R.) for the proper expiation ofmanyalarmingprodigies, it was found that the evils might be averted by bring- ing Cybele from Phrygia. The five deputies who were sent to fetch this protectress (a rude and shapeless stone) from Pessinus, were directed bj' the oracle to place her at their return in the hands of the most virtuous man in the commonwealth, till her temple should be prepared. The senate unani- mously declared P. Corn. Seipio Nasica to be the man ; and with him the god- dess was lodged. GIF. Sch. [ix, 23 ;] Liv. xxix, 10; PRA. and 14; xxxv, 10; Plin. vii, 34. Thus the ark was received into the houses of Abinadab and Obed-Edom ; i Samuel vii, I; II Samuel vi, 10 ff. jB. 138. Cybele is called Idaa parens; Virg. ^. X, 252 ff; Ov. F. iv, 182. LUB. This Ida was in Phrygia, there was another in Crete, ibid. 207. PRA. SAT. III. OF JUVENAL. 147 Servavit trepidam flagranti ex oede Minervam : 140 Protenus ad censiim, (de moribus ultima iiet Quaestio,) " Quot pascit servos? Quot possidet agri Jiigera ? Quam multa magnaque paropside coenat ?" Quantum quisque sua numorum servat in area, Tantum habet et fidei. Jures licet et Samothracum 145 Et nostratum aras; contemnere fulmina pauper Credilur atque deos, dis ignoscentibus ipsis. Numa Pompilius, second king of Rome, the chief founder of their re- ligion. FAR. 1-2 ; Liv. ■:, 18. PRA. 139. L. CiEcilius Metellus, chief pontitf, (who had been consul t^vice, dictator, &c.) ' saved the palladium from the temple of Vesta when in flames,' but lost his eye-sight in conse- quence. Sch. s. vi, -HJo. JR. The people conferred on him the singular privilege of riding to the senate-house in a chariot. Plin. vii, 43; PR J. [Y, 422.] The epithet trvpida is here applied to Minerva: which would more pro- perly belong to the Romans; hen (piautum thnnere pafres, f/uo temjiore Vesta arsit ! attonitce Jiebant demisso crine ministrce : ab^f literal vires cor- poris ii se timor. ( Vesfa/es Metellus) diihitare videhat et pavidas posito pro- cubuisse genu; Ov. F. vi, 437; tfcc. GIF. 1 40. Qiieerenda pccunia primttm est, virtue post iiumos; Hor. Ep. i, 1, 53 f. R. Thus they quite reversed the order of things, for sit omne judicium, jion quam locuples, sed f/i/alis (jnisque sit ; Cic. Otf. ii, JO. GRA. [" Is it not a subject that ought to crimson every woman's cheek with shame, that the want of moral qualifications is generally the very last cause of (a suitor's) re- jection.^" Woman's Mission vii, 10.] 141. A person's fortune is estimated by the establishment' he keeps.' LUB. vii, 76; 93; ix, GT \ 13G ; xii, 28. H. Possidet [indicates his beimi of pa- tri'ian rank; Livy ii, 41, 4.] 142. Jii'jerum u-as as much land as could be jdoughed in a day by one yoke of oxen. /> UB. na^D^Ph ' a In gremio niatris (brraidat nislicus infans; .Equales liabitus illic similcsque videbis OrclK'stiam et populuni : claii vclamen honoris, Sufliciunt lunicic suinmis irdilibus alb;e. not yet exploded in these parts of Ttaly. BE- ' At Rome every thina; is extravagantly dear, and yet we dare not retrench for fear of lieintr despised ; in the countr_v we should have none of these prejudices to encounter ; we might be poor without becoming the objects of scorn, and frugal without being thought ridiculous.' GIF. 170. Veneto ' of common blue w'are.' culiillo ' a bowl or great handled cup,' properly ' of earthen ware.' Schol. on Hor. Od. i, 31 , 11 ; A. P. 434. Venetnm li/fi/m ; Mart, iii, 74, 4; s. viii, 6, 2 ; xiv, 108, 2; Tib. i, 1, 40. R. 172. The tot/a was the dress of cere- mony, worn by the poor, when they paid their respects to the rich : it was also the dress of business. In the country the tunic was the usual dress, which was less cumbersome, 179. Martial says of Spain igiiola r.st toga; xii, 18, 17; s. iv, 66, 3 ; x, 47, 5 ; 51, 6 ; Pliny of his villa, ibi nulla neces- silas togee ; Ep. ix, 1 ; vii, 3; both of them regarding this circumstance as a comfort. But the Romans always dressed the remains of thiir deceased friends with the most punctilious care. Mait. ix, 58, 8. GIF. L. PR A. 1 73. It was many ages before the Romans could boast of a permanent theatre; tlie first was built by Pompey, of hewn stone: Tac. A. xiv,' 20. The temporary country theatres were con- structed of turf. LUD. Virg. JE. v, 286 ff; MAD. in gruililnis nedit pnpii- lits de respite factis; Ov. A. A. i, 107 &:c ; R. Prop, iv, 1, I.t. Our word SCENE is derivi^d from vKniri ' a shady bower.' VHA. 174. ' Tlie solemnity.' LUB. Tandem ' at the expiration of the year,' or ' at the conclusion of the serious play.' Redit for rediit has its last syllable long. Pulpita ' the stage.' viii, 195; FE. LUB. xiv, 2.07- R. Notum; in Rome some novelty was produced. PRA. 1 7o. ' The farce' acfed after the tragedy, to dispel melancholy impres- sions. T. vi, 71. PRA. The lUHia were performed at the beginning, and the if^/ioXa ' interludes' in the middle of the drama : prii/cipio ejitun dignu.i ed'odiuwi/ue ser/uetur; Lucil. Sch. Liv. vii, 2, [27.] R. ' The masks' were painted ' of a ghastly colour' and had ' wide mouths' to allow free scope to the voice of the actor. FAR. LJJH. trro//,t xix^^if •'rdfe- fiiyce. cas xa.ra.'ri'o/Aifoi tou; 6'.i)t,Tn,f l^uc. ; to open his lips.' PR A. 186. Till- weaWiiier Romans, on ar- riving at inanliood, dcdic:iti(l the first Mhavinsjs of tht ir beard anil pollings of their hair to some deity : many to the Pythian Apollo, others to iEsculapius, others to the river gods of their country: Alart. i, 32; ix, 17; 18. Nero en- closed his in a golden pix adorned with pearls, and offered it with great state to Capitoline .love. Suet, vi, 12. Dio. The day of dedication was kept as a festival, and complimentary presents were ex- pected from friends and clients, as on birthdays. Here the poor client has to pay the same compliment to the patron's minions, in order to gain the car of their lord. lUe and liic are two patrons. LUB. FAR. PR A. GIF. See Horn. II. ■*• 141 ff; and Schol. on Find. P. iv, 145. Metit ' has it shaved ;' deponit ' has it cut.' HEL ACH. s. 116. The hard- ship, however, would be aggravated if we read amatus, implying that there was more than one favourite to be courted in each great man's house. R. 187. The libum was a kind of gin- gerbread, made of flour, honey, and oil : PRA. or, according to Athena-us, -rXaxous IX yaXaxiTo; ir^iuv rt xai ftiXi- TDS' iii, 66. R. These ' cakes' were sent in such quantities as ' to be sold.' PRA. 188. ' Take this if you can digest it, and let the leaven work within your spleen.' Sch. LUB. MAD. s. i, 45; Pers. i, 24 ; Piaut. Merc, v, 3, 3 ; Cas. ii, 5, 17; Aul. iii, 4,9. R. 180. Cultis I.e. aviatis, 186; R. s. 158. It may also mean ' respectfully courted:' MAD. ' pamjiered menials.' Peru/in ' the vails or peri|uisitcs.' MAD. ' That property of a servant or child, over which the ma.ster or parent had no power.' fJ^H. 15'2 THK SATIU1-:S SAT. iir. 190 Quis timet ant tiniuit gclida Pnenoste ruinam Aul jiositis neniorosa inter jiifj;a Volsiniis aut Simplicibus Gabiis ant jironi Tibnris arce? Nos urbem colinuis teniii tibicine iultam Magna parte sui. Nam sic labentibns obstat 195 Villicus et, veteris rimas quum texit liiatum, Seciiros pendente jubet dormire ruina. Vivendnm est illic, nbi nulla incendia, nuUi Noctc nietus. Jam ])oscit aquam, jam frivola transfert Ucalegon ; tabulata tibi jam tertia fumant: 200 Tu nescis. Nam si gradibus trepidatur ab imis, Ultimus ardebit, quera tegula sola tuetur A pluvia, molles ubi reddunt ova columbae. 190. Preeneste, being here feminine, comes from the nominative Prcriiestis, GV. a town of Latium, now ' Pales- trina.' It was ' cool' from its waters, as well as from its situation on a hill : PRA. frigidinn Prcenestc; Hor. Od. iii, 4, 22; R. altum; Virg. JE. vii, 682; MAD. [Livy vi, 9, a. J Ruitmm ; s. 7 f. 191. Now' Bolsena,' a city of Tuscan)'. PRA. [Livy V, 31, d; y4DI>, R. p. 126.] 192. Ga/jii, a town of Latium be- tween Rome and Pra'neste. li. [Its ruins bear the name of Campo Gabio. PRA.] ' Simple,' from being a dupe to the artifices of Sextus Tarquinius. Flor. i, 7; LUB. Liv. 1, 53 f; PRA. or * unadorned' Sch. s. simplex viundi- fiis; Hor. Od. i, 5, 6. Tiiur, now ' Tivoli,' on the Aiiio ; a town of Latium, built on a steep acclivity: hence called A7^y>///?/w; Hor. Od. iii, 4, 23. Sch. PRA. MAD. Jrj: denotes (1) ' a height,' (2) ' a citadel,' (3) ' a city' in general. P. 193. Tihieen ' a prop or shcre.' Lf/B. [Livy vi, 1,2.] 194. [Livy ii, 44, 5.] 195. ' The steward,' MAD. or ' the city surveyor;' s. iv, 77] FE. or ' the landlord,' or ' the edile;' R. or ' the village mason.' ACH. ' After closini? the crack in the walls with a little plaster.' Sch. 19(i. ' Without ap})rehen8ion ;' though not tutos'' secured from danger;' tula Hcekra esse possunt, a e cur a iion poa- sunt\ Sen. E. 97. [s. Ov, Tr. il, 167; Soph. Qi. K. 594 ; Shakspeare quoted 190; in note on 123.] Pendente ' impending.' FE. 197. Illic ' in the country;' s. 223 f. R. 198. The repetition of the word_;aw three times, denotes the progress of the fire. [s. Virg. quoted below.] ' Having saved his valuables in the first instance, he is now moving his lumber, without ever thinking of giving the alarm to his poor lodgers.' R. ]9i}. The name of Ucalegon is intro- duced from Virgil's description of Troy in flames ; Jam Deipltohi cledit ampla ruinam^ Viilcano mperanie, domnn ; jam jrroximns ardet Ucalegon; M. ii, 310 ff. Sch. [Hor. PZ. i, 18,84.] ' The third floor which you occupy ' The rich used to let the upper rooms of their houses to poorer people: cvena- cula; X, 18; seal is halito trilms^ sed altis; Mart, i, 118, 7; LUB. s. vii, 118; Hor. Ep. i, 1, 91 ; Plaut. Amph. iii, 1, 3; Suet ix, 7; R. [St Mark xiv, 14 f; St Luke xxii, 11 f.] 200 ' You are sound asleep, and un- conscious of your danger.' MAD. ' If the bustle and alarm (i. e. the fire; btjjiri at the bottom of the stairs;' KaTa/3aS»v ' down-Stairs,' Arist. Ach. 386; as opposed to ava/3a5«v < in the garret;' Ibid. 385, 3/4 ; Pi. 1123. 201. ' He will be burnt, though last of all.' LUB. Tegula ' the tiling.' 202. The roof was used as a dove- cote. Sch. Perhaps there is an allusion to the etymology of uvi^oiov from l-x\^ and uiv ' an egg.' R. SAT, III. OF JUVENAL. 15:3 Lectus erat Codro Procula minor, uvceoli sex, Ornamentum abaci, nee non et parvulus infra 205 Canlharus et recubans sub eodem marmore Chiron, Jamque vetus Graecos servabat cista libellos Et divina Opici rodebant carmina mures. Nil habuit Codrus: quis enim negat? et tamen illud Perdidit infelix totum nihil : ultimus auteni 210 .Erumnae cumulus, quod nudum et frusta rogantera Nemo cibo, nemo hospitio tectoque juvabit. Si magna Asturii cecidit domus : horrida mater, Pullati proceres, differt vadimonia praetor. Tunc gemimus casus Urbis, tunc odiraus ignem. 215 Ardet adhuc ; et jam occurrit, qui marmora donet, Conferat impensas. Hie nuda et Candida signa, 203. See i, 2. GRA. ' Not large enough for his better half.' Lectus minor, urceoli, parvulus can- f/iarus, libelli, all diminutives. GIF. s. Arist. Rh. iii, 2, 6. ' Little jugs.' See Plin. xxvlii, 2; xxxiii, 11 ; xxxiv, 3; xsxvii,2; Hor. S. i, U, 116 f. R. 204. ' Of his sideboard ;' ' of a mar- ble shelf or slab;' s. 205. R. 205. ' A can:' gravis attrita pende- hat cautharus atisa; Virg. E. vi, 17. FRA. ' A reclining figure of the centaur Chiron, made of the same marble, suji- ported the slab.' The rich used more costly materials than marble: xi, li?-2 ff FE. R. Codrus is the more to be pitied, as he was evidently an antiqua- rian, and no doubt attached a great value to everv article in this catalogue. GIF. 20l). ' The few Greek books which he had, were now consigned to the fusiody of an old chest.' LIJB. 207. Din loiinnta; Pers. i, 31. R. The Opici or Osci were an Ausonian tribe, on the banks of the Litis, in Latium and Campania; who, on their arlmission among the Romans, intro- duced many barbarous innovations into llie language and manners of that people. Oionys. H. i,8!); s. vi, 455; Gell. ii, 21 ; xi, l(i; xiii, 9; Plin xxix, 1 ; A poll. Sidon. ep. vii, 3; Virg. M. vii, 730; LUD. L. MAD. MNS. Ii. [Livy goths,' vii, 2, 28.] ' barbarians, 208. ' Cod 1 us in short had nothing.' GIF. s. St Matthew xiii, 12; [HAR, O. ii, 4;] SS, on 'i^u n. 15. R. See note on 'ix,ov obiter leget aiit scribet vel donniet intus ; Nainquc facit somiunn clausa lectica fenestra. Ante tamen veniet : nobis properantibus obstat Unda prior : inagno populus prcmit agmine lumbos, 245 Qui sequitur. Ferit hie cubito, ferit assere duro Alter ; at hie tignum capiti ineutit, ille metretam. Pinguia crura hito ; planta mox undicpie magna Calcor et in digito claviis mihi militis haeret. Mandra 'a pen for cattle," the cattle themselves,' ' a team of horses or mules.' PKA. The genitive case of the ob- ject: a,v Tetvinzi pm/Xofiitcs fov ' A^^iXXia (7it animal qraviore somno premi- tur,\ Plin.H.N.ix,15. PRA.LUB. R. ['' In situations where they rarely ex- perience disturbance, they sleep very profoundly and are easily surprized."] The humour in coupling Drusus with these sleepy creatures and placing the latter within ear-shot of the muleteers and coachmen in the heart of the ciiy, is quite overlooked by the majority of Commentators ; GIF. who, by intro- ducing the alteration (1) somnos i/rso, 8. Plin. H. N. viii, 36. (BRI.) or (2) vetulisque maritis, (GV.) entirely de- stroy the ff^Yiiix ira^a T^cffeoKiat so com- mon in Aristophanes and otlier comic writc-s: neither is the correction viht- lisve (JC.) necessary, notwithstanding the absurdity of fji/c. 239. Officium; ii, 132. 'The rich will move rapiHly, without impediment, to the levets of the old and childless ; while the poor, whose sole support pro- bably depended upon their early ap- pearance there, have to struggle at every step through dangers and difficul- ties.' GIf. 2-10. ' The crowd, as they make way, will look up at the great man in his litter ; so that he will br carried above their faces.' MAD. illos humeri cer- vicesf/tre servorum super ora nostra vehinit ; Plin. Pan. 24. PRA. (juos supra rapita hoininum suprafjue turbam delicatfis lectica suspendit; Sen. R. The tall and sturdy natives of Li- burnia, bordering on the north-eastern shore of the Adriatic, were much em- ployed at Rome as chairmen, &c. LUB. PRA. vi, 477 ; iv, 75 ; longorum cervice Si/rorum; vi, 351 ; R. horridus Libur- n'us; Mart, i, 1, 33. B(E. 241. Obiter ' by the way,' ' as he goes.' LUB. vi, 181; R.'h Ta^olcf- Cie. ad Att. v, 20 ; o5ou ■^d^t^yct' 21 ; l» -ra^i^yu- ad Q. F. iii, 9. PHA. ii42. i, do. R. The windows of lit- ters had curtains. LUB. [somnum suadebit inire, Vir. E. i, 56.J 243. ' He will arrive before us, with- out interruption to either his rest, his business, or his studies.' LUB. ' Make what haste we can.' MAD. 244. ' The tide of people.' PRA. Virg. G. ii, 462; Sii. iv, 159; R. xufta X^^'t'o*' ^- BL, on iEsch.Theh.64. P rem it; jirtecedentibus instans; Hor. Ep. i, 2, 71. 245. ' With the hard pole of the lit- ter.' vii, 132. Martial uses asser for ' the litter itself.' LUB. 246. ' A ten-gallon cask' furanTnt. GRA. 247. Understand mea Jiunt. R. s. iii, fi8, note. He now gets jostled among a party of soldiers. PRA. magna (s. xvi, 14; i?.) ' of a grenadier.* 248. ' In my toe.' LUB. The sf)ldiers' boots were stuck full of large hobnails, xv, 24 f ; LUB.e. Plin. i\-, 18; xxii, 22; xxxiv, 19. R. SAT. III. OF JUVENAL. 157 Nonne vides, qiianto celebretuv sportula funio ? 250 Centum convivae: seqiiitur sua quemque culina. Corbulo vix ferret tot vasa ingentia, tot res Imjjositas capiti, quas recto vertice portat Servulus infelix et cursu ventilat ignem. Scinduntur tuuicae sartse : modo longa coruscat 255 Sarraco veniente abies atque altera pinura Plaustra vehunt, nulant altae populoque minantur. Nam si procubuit, qui saxa Ligustica portat, 249. ' Is frequented.' LUB. Here the scene s> ifts. The diflieulties of the morning are overpast, and the streets cleared of the shoals of levee- hunters. New perils now arise, and the poor are obstructed in the prosecution of their evening business by the crowds of rich clients returning with their slaves from tlie dole of suppers at their patrons' houses. The ' kitchen' was a larger kind of chafing-dish, divided into two cells, in the uppermost of which, they put the meat, and in the lower, fire, to keep it warm. How often have 1 been reminded of tbe sportula (itlvia* l» fffvpi^r T.) by the firepans and suppers of the Neapolicans ! As soon as it grows dark, the streets are tilled with twinkling fires glancing about in every dirvction on the he.ds of these modern Corbulos, and suddenly dis- appearing as they enter their houses with their frugal meal. GIF. s. i, 95 f. PRA. 250. Fociim fcrcntis suherat amphn- rcB cervix ; Mart, xii, 32, 4 l\. tu- nniltns est cotinorinii, ipsoscum op.soni/s fiicm tranufcrinitiiiiii : lux: enbn jam. tuxriria comnitmtn rat, ni' '/iii.s hitrpeacat cibiis, ne ijiiid pnlnto jam yiilo.so {<-al- loso ?) parum ferveat ; cirnnm culina prose ifu it ur\ Sen. Ep. 79 8 7^. I'liA.fi'uii/s 249, and igtiis 25.3, relate to thi.'< portable kitchen. 251. Ne ( Doin Hi us) Corbulo omnium wa ill sr rerleref, rorpore iugens, ver- liis )itai)uijii-us., cl, super e.rprrieutiam sapient inmijUi' etinm specie inaniutii vnliilus; Tac. A. xiii, H. A distin- guished general in Armenia under Nero. LUB. Amm. Mare, XV. /'«/l. Having excited the tyrant's jealousy by his ^'uccfsses, he was decoyed to Cenchreac, condemned unheard, and fell on his own sword. GIF. 252. ' With his head upright, lest the gravy should be spilt.' LUB, Some mss have f/uof. R. 253. ' A poor little slave (as opposed to ' the gigantic Corbulo'), by whose rapid motion through the air the fire is fanned.' MAD. 254. ' The patched tunics of the poor get torn in the squeeze.' PHA. Now follows an indirect attack on the mania of the emperors for building. An evil which Juvenal lived to see abated : for Trajan was tarn parens in adifi- cando, (fiiam diligeiis in tuendo. itaque non^ lit ante, immanium transvectione saxorum urhis tecfa quntiuntiir : slant seruree dumus, nee Jam tenipla nntantin ; Plin. Pan 51. GIF. longove/iiculorum ordine pinxs out abies deferebatur viris intrementibus; Sen. Ep. 90. LUB. Its swaying to and fro made it dan- gerous. MAD. s. Hor. Ep. ii, 72 ff; S. i, 6, 42 f. GRA. There had been a law to prevent the nuisance of these loaded wagons passing and repassing after sunrise, or before four o'clock in the afternoon, (when the Romans were supposed to be at dinner,) unless it were for the construction or repairs of tem- ples, pnolic works, &c. Either this law had fallen into disuse ; HB. or timber- carriages in the emperor's service would fall under the above exception. 255. Sarraca Bootre ; v, 2."}. MS. [Hor. E. ii, 2, 73.] ■2n(^. See Virg /K. ii, (rifj ff. R. 257. linmense ' blocks of Ligurian marble' from Luna and the neighbour- hood. GRA. Htrab. v, |). 1.53; Plin. XXX vi, 6; 18; Sil. viii, 482 ; Suet, vi, 5fl. Ii. «. Mart. v. 22. [Surinn dcnotCJ 158 I'llb: SATIRES SAT. III. Axis, et eversuui fiidit super aginina montem, Quid sujieiest dv corporibus ? quis membra, quis ossa 260 Invenit? Obtritum vulgi perit omue cadaver More aiiiuKP. Donius interca sccura patellas Jam lavat et bucca foculum excitat et sonat unctis Striglibus et pleno componit lintea gutto. Hajc inter pueros varie properantur: at ille 265 Jam sedet in ripa tetrumque novicius horret Portbmea nee sperat ccenosi gurgitis alnum Infelix nee habet, quern porrigat, ore trientem. ' a stone of large size:' s. Vir. M, i, 637; ii, 307; G. ii, 522; 156; Ov. M. iii, 226; Plau. Mo. iii, 1, 146. DN.] 258. Axis; the part for the whole. LUB. ' The troops of foot-passengers.' LUB. Hyperbole. L UB. rapklo cursti media agminn n/inpif: vcliiti montis saxum de vert ice prcEceps cum ruit, fertur in abrupt um ntagno vions improbus actu exsiiltai^ue solo ; si/vas, armenta, virosquc i/ivolvens secum : Virg. /E. xii, 683 ff. montibus (' immense marble columns') aut nlte Graiis ejfnlta nitebant atria ; Stat. Th. i, 145 f. R. 260. ' Crushed to atoms.' Sch. 261. ' Because not a particle of it is visible.' Sch. Interca ' while the master (followed by his slave with the supper) has come to this untimely end, his unconscious domestics are making preparations for his meal and his previous bath.' L UB. [St Luke xxi, 34. J 262. Ipse genu posi/o Jlamtnas exsus- citat aura , Ov. F. v, 5()7. R. ' Makes a clatter.' ' The scrapers' were of metal and were ' oiled' to pre- vent their hurting the skin. GRA. 263. For strigilibus. GRA. Pers. V, 126. PR A. Gultus was ' an oil-flask' made of horn, with a narrow neck, which dropped the oil over the body after bathing. PR A. LUB. 264. Pueros ' the servants.' (paa\ Si a/ •mXaie). ^aefnut toyet iirai to tifo- X^*" *■"■' ato^uf 01 vla/t, ut xai vrriPlTUt oht »a) xaiiif olaoZXoi »a< -la/S/- fKtii, tik TO Ttit xaiiixrit nXixiat irjijirjf- TiKov Eustath. on Horn. 11. A, p. 438. St Luke xii, 45; SS. vi, 161; Hor. Od. i, 381. Gar<;on, in French, servifeur dans un lieu public. Our own word knave originally signified ' a boy,' and afterwards ' a servant;' both which senses are now obsolete. Ille i. e. servulus infelix according to most Commentators : but see note on i, 62. 265. See ii, 149 ff; Virg. M. vi, 313 ff; Prop, ii, 27, 13 f. R. 'He takes a seat, (because he has a hundred years to wait, PRA.) on the banks of the Styx or Acheron.' PI. Novicius ' by the end of the century he will become used to the grim ferry- man:' but omne ignotum pro magnifico : Tac. CTvytit ail tc o(i( iJ!.r,a xa/^otTon' Theoc. xvii, 4^ ; Sen. H. F. 764 ff. R. 266. Portitor Iwrrendus terribili squalore Charon ; lurbidus cceno g urges ; Virg. 1. c. ' He has no hopes,' because he is unburied. R. Tunc alnos primum fluvii seuhsre cavatas ; Virg. G. i, 136; torrentem undavi levis innatat a In us missa Pado; ib. ii, 450 f. R. 267- Triens is here put for obolus. Luc.Dial.Mort.9;s.Diod. ii,5; PRA. Prop, iv, 11,7. It was the fare for the passage, naulum ; viii, 97 ; awSi Tcv ojloXo* e'^^aiy rk vrt^Sfna xarufiaXuf Luc. Cat. 18. R. This idle notion the Romans had adopted from the Greeks ; though not a general custom, the vulgar adhered to it most scrupulously, and dreaded nothing more than being con- signed to the grave without their far- thing. GIF. SAT. III. OF JUVENAL. 159 Respice nunc alia ac diversa pericula noctis : Quod spatium tectis subliraibus, unde cerebrum 270 Testa ferit ; quoties riraosa et curta fenestris Vasa cadant ; quanto percussum pondere signent Et laedant silicem. Possis ignavus habevi Et subiti casus improvidus, ad coenam si Intestatus eas. Adeo tot fata, quot ilia 275 Nocte patent vigiles, te praetereunte, fenestrae. Ergo optes votumque feras miserabile tecum, Ut sint contenti« patulas defundere pelves. Ebrius ac petulans, qui nullum forte cecidit, Dat poenas, noctem patitur lugentis amicum 268. Now follows an animated and faithful picture of tlie evils of night: these are nearly the same in every over- grown capital, which is not protected by a night-watch or a vigilant police. GIF. 269. The higher the house the greater the danger. I.UB. quuni area; compla- natae recipere 7ion possent iantmn nad- titudinem ad habitanditm in Urbe, ad auxilium coadi sunt Romani ad alii- iudinem c^dium devenire ; Vitr. ACH. 270. ' The potsherd.' MAD. Curia ' mutilated, broken ;' Ov. F. ii, 645. R. 271. ' From the force with which they come upon the flint pavement, you may judge a fortiori of the little chance your head would have.' PRA. 272. ' Remiss.' 273 ' Going out in the evening is a service of such danger.' 274. ' So clear it is that:' adeo quanta rertim minus, tanto minus cu- piditalis erat; Liv. pr. JF". quot sunt corpora plumte, tot vigiles ocnii mbter; Virp. IE. iv, 181 f. 275. Viyilns ' where the inmates are awake ;' L UB. as pervigiles popina ; viii, 158; vigiles lucernte ; Her. Od. iii, 8, 14. R. 276. Tu prece poscis emaci ; Pers. ii, 3 ; because in a ' vow' there is a sort of bargain made with the deity or party to whom it is addressed. GRA. Ferns tecum ; Quint. Decl. iii, p. 38. R. 211 . ' You are willing to compound for the contents of the pots and slop- pails, so that the utensils themselves are not launched on your head.' Un- derstand fenestrce. GR.4. Pelves ' foot-pans' sraSai/a-TJi^ss, Sch. which were not applied to that purpose exclusively: MAD. but hi/iuv ts xa) hivotuv »a) Tohas iMaToii^iirSocr Her. ii, 172^ 278. A vivid picture is now presented of the wanton insults to which the poor were exposed from the midnight frolics of drunken bullies. Nero was one of the iirst of these disturbers of the public peace. Tac. xiii, 25 ; Suet, vi, 26. Under shelter of his example private persons took the opportunity to annoy the public : every quarter was filled with tumult and disorder, and Rome, at night, resembled a city taken by storm : s. Die. Otho, Commodus, Helio- gabalus, Verus, &c wgre also addicted to the same brutal joke. Suet, viii, 2. Plin. xiii, 22 s 43. Xiph. GIF. R. PRA. [Livyiii,]3,2; Spectator Nos. 324; 332. " Divers sects of vitious persons of particular titles passe un- punished or unregarded, as the sect of Roaring-boyes, Boneventors, Brava- dors, Guarterers, and such like. . .They entered into many desperate enterprises, and scarce any durst walke the streets with safety .after nine at night;" The Five Yeares of King lames, by Sir Foulk Grevill, late Lord Brook, p. 3.] ' He looks upon it as a very bad night's spcrt unless he had threshed somebody ; so that he cannot sleep for vexation.' LUB. 279. ' He passes as restless a night as Achilles mourning the loss of Pa- troclus.' LUB. IfiO riTl-: SATIRES SAT. in. 280 IVlidie, ciil);it in I'aciciu, mux dciiulc sui)inus." Ergo non alikr potcrit donnire? " Qiiibusdain Souimuu rixa facit: sed quauivis improbus annis Atciue inero I'erveus, cavcL Imiic, quern coccina laena \'itan jubet et comitum longissiinus ordo, 285 Multuin pvaeterca flaniniarum et itnea lanipas. Me, quern luna solet deducere vel breve lumen Candcla), cxijus dispcuso et tompero fdum, Contomnit. Misenc cognosce procrmia rixae, Si rixa est, ubi tu pulsas, ego vapulo tantum. 290 Stat contra slarique jubet; parere necesse est. Nam quid agas, quum te furiosus cogat et idem 280. "AXXot' i-r) •rXiv^as KaraKti/^s- »»f, aXXoTi avTi vrrTie;. aXXoTS at frp>!tr,( t'otiV hofii ataaruf K T X Hoiii. 11. a 10 tV; I'll A. Sen. de Tr. An. 2. je. 281. Ergo SiC. This seems to be a question on the part of Juvenal. LUB. s. Plaut. Amph. i, 1. VRA. The verse is probably spurious; it might be omitted without prejudice to the sense. HEI. 282. This is very similar to a passage in the Proverbs: " Enter not into the path of the wicked, and go not in the way of evil men ; for they fleep not ex- cept they have done mischief; and their sleep is taken awav unless they cause some to fall;" iv, 14; 16. PRA. Imurobns 'daring;' Virg. M. xi, 512. n. 01 viol ra v^fl fV' (piXivixoi' uTi/}- ox,rii ya.^ Itri^u/jciT r> noTtts « Ss n'x» uti^- e^vi Ti(. xai ttiiXriiis axr-ri^ ya.^ ol oivuuim ouToi oi'ih^/j.oi t'icriv oi tioi V'To tUs (piffiut xa) uvo^iimi^oi' fv[/,cuOiis yct^ xai iviXTiiis tin TO f/.u f/,ii (poE>ita6ai, ri Se fa^^iiy. ToitT' avTt ya.^ o^yi^tfuvcs ouhiii (po^tTrou' TO Tf iXTTi^iiv a.ya66\> ri. ffappa- Xiat icTi xai ra dhxti/^ocra uoixourm u; ufi^if Arist Kb. ii, 14,2. 283. ' He has just sense enough left, to steer clear of the scarlet cloak which marks the rich nobleman.' LUB. vii, 136 f; vi, 246. ;^Xaitx, liyacinthinn Uena: Pars, i, 32; Tyrm/iie ardfhat murice Icena ; Virg. Ai. iv, 262. Seh. R. From the cloak being worn, we may infer that these outrages were more common in the long winter nights. HEI. 284. ('iiii)iliiiii ; i,46,norf. (fiXorivius iinriai, ftaXXat ii iiytladai, tire Tut ei xirojti •r^oiuSoiJi/.ivov xa) uffTS^ riva, Vofjt,- trjin avaTX»goyvTa' Luc. sT T e f>,ii}6- vvvivT 10. a. 285. ' Flambeaux and a bronze can- delabrum.' LUB. These were the ex- clusive insignia of the rich: the latter was carried before tribunes ; Plin. xxxiv, 2. PR J. Cic. Ver. iv,26. R. In Guernsey, persons of the first class in society are distinguished at night by having two candles carried in their lanterns ; whereas others have but one. 286. ' To escort on my way.' 287. His trimming and parting the wick, to prevent his rushlight s going out or burning too fast, Sch. would probably hasten the catastrophe he was so anxious to avoid: BRI. vm franyere tliim mctnis^ frangis crystallina; fee- cant seciira nimiinn sollicitceido, ille verberando, nnf/iie ainho defessi sumus ; Ter. Ad. ii, 2, 5. Sch. [Livy i, 25, 5.] 2f»0. [Livy iii, 60, k.] 291 ."A(p^u>v oV yi^'tXoi «rjof x^iiffffotai ifTipi^i^iiv vlxus Ti iTTi^irai, v^oi t a"iir-;^\irit aXyiu irdir^ii' Hes. O. D. 210 f. jICH. SAT, III. OF JUVENAL. IGl Fortior? " Unde vcnis ?" exclamat; " Cujus aceto, Cujus conche turaesr Quis tecum sectile poirum Sutor et elixi vervecis labra comedit? 295 Nil mihi respondes ? Aut die, aut accipe calceni ! Ede, ubi consistas : in qua te quaro proseucha?" Dicere si tentes aliquid tacitnsve recedas, Tanlunidem est; feriimt parilev : vadimonia deinde Trati faciunt. Libertas pauperis haec est : 300 Pulsatus rogat et pugnis concisus adorat, Ut liceat paucis cum dentibus inde reverti. Nee tamen ha^c tantum metuas r uam, qui spoliet te, Non derit, clausis domibus postquam omnis ubique Fixa catenatie siluit compago tabeniie. 292. The^ie insolent questions are put, in hopes to pick a quarrel. PRA, jurgii cavsam intidit ; Phaed. i, 1,4. Acetum ' sour wine.' FRA. a. SS^ on 293. 'Beans boiled in the shell:' a common dish amoni^ the poorer people, which was very filling. Mart, v, 39, 10;vii, 78,2; xiii, 7; PRA. 14,131. inftantes corpora faha ; Ov. F. IMed. 70. R. There were two kinds of leek, sec/ ;Ve and capital u m : Plin. xx, 6; GRA. BRI. of which the former was the coarser sort. PRA. s. xiv, 133. MAD. 294. &M/or is used for any low fellow ; as cerr/o, iv, 153; viii, 182; R. .Alart. iii, 59. Sheep's heads were among the parts given away to the poor, LUB. at the Satum;!lia and other festivals. F. Mart. >iv, 211. PRA. 295. ' Speak or be kicked.' GIF. iftit i/i^is TO /J>.«TTU» Ka) KvTiTt i^' oil unrai at/rly «A.Xo ») o ri lyinra. aXX oTuf Mn Arist. lih. ii, 2, .i. 29<>. ' Tell me when- you take up your stand:' ini])lying that he was one of the fraternity of regular beggars. M A I) . (■(msLO'ri: ; I'laut. Cure, iv, 1. R. T^eriv^a) were Jewish oratories or houses (if prayer ; Sch. wiiich were Qsualiy built without the walls of a town by the river or sea side. .S'.S. See notes on 13fr; iv, 117; [St Luke vi, 12.] This i.s an insinuation that the poor man was not only a beggar, but (what was worse) a vagabond Jew. MAD. [f/ic, qua te parte requiram, Mar. vii, 73, o.j 297. 5/ for sive. L UB. 298. ' 'Tis all one.' MAD. [' no odds.'j par iter ' just the same ; whether vou speak or no.' R. see note on ofioiuf Her. vii, 120, [89.] ' Then they pretend to be the party aggrieved, and insist on your finding bail for the assault.' LUB. 299. ' Counterfeiting a violent pas- sion.' MAD. iffTui h l^yh, opt^ii (ura Xvrm n/io/^iies ipaite/iivvs . iia ((laittftUnv oXiyu^ia,y rut «/j aurot h lis avrcu rma, /it) T^oirtiKo'tTas- At. Rh. ii, 2, 1. sic Jirti.s ra/isis inuoccntes opprimunt ; Pha-d. i, 1, 15. ' This is your boasted liberty !' MA]i. 300. With rogat understand veniam. LUli. Adorat ' humbly prays.' R. 301. ' That the gentleman will be so good as not to knock out all his teeth.' PRA. [vi, 414 f; Eur. C. (J37 f.j 302. Now come the dangers from robljers. LUB. 303. All the houses being shut up and the shops closed, there is no help to be had. LUB. Livy xxiii, 26, 1. 304. The shutters were fastened by a strong iron chain running througli each of them. Sch. Burglary was one of Nero's scan lalous j)racticcs : tnhcr- niilas etiain ejf'ringerc et expilarc : 102 THE SATIRES SAT. III. 305 Intorduni et terro subitus grassator agit vein, Annato quotii's tnUv custodo tenontur Et Poiiitiua ])alus et Gallinavia piiius. Sic iiulc hue oniiies, tauKiuain ad vivaria, eurrunt. Qua Ibrnace graves, qua uon incude catenae ? 310 Maxinuis in vinclis ferri modus, ut timeas, ne Vomer deficiat, ne marrse et sarcula desint. Felices proavorum atavos, felicia dicas Stccula, quae quondam sub regibus atque tribunis qiiintnna domi constiftiia, ubi pnrt(e el ad licitatiunem diuidendcr pratda: pre- tium assninerettir ; Suet, vi, 26 ; L UB. Tac. A. xiii, 25. R. 305. ' A bandit or bravo' L UB. ' does your business.' MAD. s. Suet, ii, 32; 43. /{. 306. When the banditti became .so numerous in any spot, as to render tra- velling danjierous, it was usual to de- tach a party of military from the capital to scour cheir retreats: the inevitable consequence of which was, that they escaped in vast numbers to Rome, where they continued to exercise their old trade of plunder and blood, and, probably, with more security and effect than before. GIF. Sch. [" The vigi- lance of the metropolitan police appears to have had the effect of driving into the provinces many of the most accom- plished London sharpers, not a few of whom, there is reason to believe, are residing at present in this town . . . More than a dozen well-known characters of this kind were recognized one evening in High street; and there have been within the last few days some instances of the picking of locks and of pockets, which indicate a degree of expertness which scarcely belongs to our most ac- complished Sheffield thieves." Shefiicld Mercury.] 307. ' The Pomptine marsh' in Cam- pania (yie*^//(?)'a Pomtini ii/iginerfimjti; Sd. viii, :iS\ ; Mart, x, 74, 10; xiii, 112;) was first drained, partially, by Ap. Claiid:us, 441 Y. R. then more completely by Corn. Cetbegus, 590 V. R. (Liv. Ep. xlvi ;) Julius Ciesar in- tended to execute this among other public works (Suet. i,44 ;) and Augustus partly cirried his intention into effect. (■ Hor. A. P. 65.) The work was re- named by Trajan (Dio), by Theodorie (Cassiod. V. E. ii, 32 f ;), and in later times by Sixtus V and Pius VI. But after all that has been done, its vapours are too deleterious to admit of any per- sons now harbouring there. PR A. GES. A. R. GIF. ' The Gallinarian forest' was in the same neighbourhood : vXn avuS^os xa) afif/,iu^»iS , Kv TaXkiva^i av v\ri* KaXovrt' fetrab. V, p. 16s ; Cic. Ep. ix, 23. R. 308. Vivaria ; iv, 51 ; ' preserves, stews, or vivaries :' MAD. Hor. Ep. i, 1,79. R. ' Where they will have abundance of sport;' GRA. or 'where they will fatten.' iZJS. 309. ' Though there is no forge or anvil but rings with the clank of chains : yet all is ineffectual for the suppression of crime. ' LUB- 310. Modus ' proportion, quantity.' Understand cousitmititr. L UB. 311. ' Mattocks and hoes.' The for- mer word still exists in Italian and Spsni.sh ; marre, in French, denotes the hoe used in vineyards : U. and from the latter word comes our English verb SAKCLE, ' to weed corn.' 312. See xiii, 34 ff. R. Pate)', avus, proavHS, abavus, aiavus, tritavus ; Plaut. Pers. i, 2, 5; F. the seventh generation would be tritavi pater, and the nes.t proavi atavu.s. It is heie put for ' our forefathers' indefinitely. MAD. 313. The military tribunes with con- sular power were first appointed 310 Y. R. sixty-five years after the abolition of the regal government; ( Liv. iv, 7 ;) Sch. and tribunes of the commons, six- teen years after the same event. (Liv. ii, 33.) l.VB. Augustus and the other emperors assumed to themselves the SAT. III. OF JUVENAL. 163 Viderunt uuo contentam carcere Romam ! 315 His alias poteram et plures subnectere causas; Sed jumenta vocant et sol incliuat: eundum est. Nam mihi commota jam dudum mulio virga Adnuil. Ergo vale nostri memor et, quoties te Roma tuo refici properaiitem i*eddet Aquino, 3'20 Me quoque ad Helvinam Cererem vestramque Diauam Convelle a Cumis. Satirarum ego, ni pudet illas, Adjutor gelidos veniam caligatus in agros." latter title. R. On the trilunicia po- testas see CW, L. is, p. 22C ff. 314. This prison was built by Ancus Marcius; Liv. i, 33. GRA. 'Servius Tullius added the dunzeon, called from him Tulliaiium; Calp. Deal. 5; Tac. A. iv, 29; i.Sall. B. C.oS.Sch. The next prison was built by Ap. Claudius the decemvir. Liv. iii, 57; Plin. vii, 36 ; V. Paterc. i, 9. R. 315. ' Causes for leaving Rome.' I.UB. 316. ' They summon me to be mox- ing.' LUB.!^. 10. PR A. The carriage, as soon as it was loaded, set out and overtook Umbricius ; and now it either was waiting, MAD. or had t^ot some distance on the road. R, Inclinare meridiem sentis ; H or. Od. iii, 28, .5 f; MAD. Livy xxv, 34, G. 317. ' The muleteer gives a hint, by smacking his whip.' LUB. viii, 153. R. 318. Sis licet feliw, iibirumque ma- vis, et memor nostri, Galatea, vivas; Hor Od. iii, 27, 13 f. MAD. 319. Poets were fond of periodical retirement into the quiet and repose of the country; me (/uoties reficit gelidus Diyentia rivus ; [Hor. E. i, 18, 104.] Af/uinui/i, a town of the Vol- scians, was the birth-place of Juvenal. Sch. 320. Cere* and Diana were especially worshipped at Aquinum: therefore they here stand for the town itself. The origin of the epithet ' HeMne' is un- certain: (I) from the Helvii, a people of Gaul ; Cws. B. G. vii, 7 ; 75 ; R. C. i, 35; Plin. iii, 4; xiv, .3. Sch. (2) from a fountain of the name in the vicinity; I'liA. (3) and the name of this, Et'iiniis, from ' washing off con- taminations previously to initiation :' L UB. or (4) from the ' yellow (h elmt .s) colour' of the ears of corn. SCO. BRO. Helvus [whence the German gelb] is akin to gilvus ' dun,' in etymology and in signification : both the initials are blended in the Dutch ^/ie/ewtoe. " A sweaty reaper from his tillage brought First-fruits, the green ear and the y eI- l o w s h e a f ;" Milton P. L. xi , i" 434 f ;] flara Ceres; Virg. G. i, 96; fOv. A. "iii, 10, 43. J 321. Convenes. 223. Citmis s. 2. PRA. ' Unless they scorn my poor help.' T. 322. Aquinum was ' cool' from its hills, woods, and streams. VRA. Caligatus ' in military boots ;' i UB. BRI. ' equipped for our campaign ;' PRA. HOL. ' armed at all points.' MAD. GIF. Dio says that Caligula wore the shoe from which he derived his name, to mark his renunciation of his former town shoes ; dtri rajv ciffri- Kut uirtSn/jt,ariiiv. Umbricius may here avow a similar determination. He promises that he will not appear in shoes of a town make; that there shall be nothing about him, even on his feet, to remind Juvenal of the detested city. IR. " lu country shoes I'll come." BDH. There is something exquisitely beauti- ful in this conclusion. The little circum- stances which accelerate the departure of Umbricius, the tender farewell he takes of his friend, the compliment he introduces to his abilities, and the af- fectionate hint he throws out, that, in spite of his attachment to Cumie, Juvenal may command his assistance in the noble task in which he is en- gaged, all contribute to leave a pleasing impression of melancholy on the mind, and interest the reader deeply in the fate of this neglected, hut virtuous and amiable exile. GIF. S A T I R i: IV. ARGUMENT. In this Satire, which was probably written under Nerva, Juvenal indulges his honest spleen against two most distinguished culprits; Crispinus, already noticed in his first Satire, 1 . .27 ; and Domitian, the constant object of his scorn and abhorrence, 28. .149. The sudden transition from the shocking enormities of Crispinus, 1..10 ; to his gluttony and extravagance, 11 flf; is certainly inartificial, but appears necessary in some degree to the completion of the Poet's design, the introduction of Domitian, 28. The whole of the latter part is excellent. The mock solemnity with whi(;h the anecdote of the enormous turbot is introduced, 37 ff; the procession, or rather the rush, of the aflfrighted counsellors to the palace, 75 ff; and the ridiculous debate 119 ff; (as to whether the fish should be dressed whole or not, 130;) which terminates in as ridiculous a decision, 136 ff; (that a dish should be made for it, 131 ; according to the sage advice of Montanus) — all show a masterly hand. We have, indeed, here a vivid picture of the state of the empire under the suspicious and gloomy tyranny of Domitian; of his oppressive system of espionage and rapacity, of his capricious severity and trifling, and of the gross adulation in which all classes sought a precarious security. Many masterly touches are given in the brief allusions to the character and conduct of the chief courtiers as they pass in review : the weak but well-meaning Pegasus, stoic, and bailiff of Rome, 75 ff; Crispus the complaisant old epicure and wit, 81 ff'; Acilius, and his ill-fated young companion, 94 ff; Rubrius the low-born rutlfian, 104 ff; Montanus the unwieldy glutton, 107; Crispinus the perfumed debauchee, 108 f; Pompeius the merciless sycophant, 1 09 f ; Fuscus the luxurious and incompetent general, 111 f; Catullus the blind hypocrite, extravagant in his praises of the finny monster, 113 ff; and Veiento the timeserving fortune-teller, 113; 123 ff. And we cannot but admire the indignant and high-spirited apostrophe, with which our Poet concludes, reflecting on the servile taraeness of the patricians as contrasted with the indignant vengeance of the lower orders, 150.. 154; an apostrophe which under some of the emperors would be fatal, and under none of them safe. GIF. R. SAT. IV. THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. 165 EccE iteruin Crispinus ! et est mihi saepe vocandus Ad partes, monstrurn nulla virtiite redenitum A vitiis, aeger solaque libidine fortis : Delicias viduae tantum aspernatur adulter. 5 Quid refert igitur, quantis juinenta fatiget Porticibus .? quanta nemorum vectetur in umbra ? Jugera quot vicina foro, quas emerit sedes ? Nemo malus felix ; minime cori'uptor et idem Incestus, cum quo nuper vittata jacebat 10 Sanguine adhue vivo terram subitura sacerdos. 1. £cce denotes surprise ; LUB.ecce Crispinus minimo me provocat; Hor. S. i, 4, 13 f. li. 'Again' i, 26; LUB. understand adest. R. Mihi for a me. Sch. 2. A metaphor from the theatre, in which actors wei e called when it was their turn to appear on the stage. Sch. Eernicos ad jiarles paratus; Li v. iii, 10. R. ' A slave to vice with no one redeeming virtue;' LUB. s. Pers. v. PRA. 3. ' Feehle both in body and mind.' n. Isti vulsi atqiie expoliti et nus- ijuam, nisi in libidine, viri; Sen. Cont. i, p. 62. R. 4. ' To corrupt virgin innocence, to invade the sanctity of the marriage bed, is his delight : intrigues with widows, therefore, have too little tur- pitude in them to gratify his singular depravity.' GIF. 5. Nam grave (J H i d prodeslpon- dus mihi divitis auri? a rvalue si findanl piiifjuia iiiille boves ■' guidve domus prodest Phri/gii-i inriixa colinn- nis? et nemurn in doniihus sacrus imitnnlia tiifos? i:l (jticp prrelrrrn popn- Ins iiiirntur 1' non opibiis iiirnies homi- nnm funer/iie levantur; Tib. iii, 3, 11 &c. R. The luxurious Romans built long coverrd w.iys in their grounds, that they might not be deprived of their exercise in bail weather : s vii, ITM. . . 181 ; LUB. Mart, i, l.'J, 6 «"; v, 20, 8 ; Plin. Ep. V, 6, 17. R. E>iiiiiK fnliifnt ; Virg. ^. i, 316. fiRA. 6. Qi/tdi//'i pnrliriis vrrnn semper? (jiiid ilia mollis gestafio ? Plin. Ep. i, 3. PRA. Netnora ' shrubberies and groves.' Plin. Ep. ii, 17 ; L. nem ti s infer pul- cra satmn tecta ; Hor. Od. iii, 10, 5 f. R. [i, 75.] 7. Land in the inr.oediate vicinity of the forum was of course exorbitantly dear. LUB. s. i, 105 f. MAD. The forum of Augustus, which is here meant, was the most frequented part of Home, i, 192 : therefore the purchase of pro- perty in land or houses near this spot shows the enormous wealth of this odious upstart. There is also, probably, a covert allusion to his presumption in imitating the Ceesars whose palace and gardens of many acres were in this im- mediate neighbourhood. GIF. 8. Nemo potest esse felix sine vir- tiite; Cic. " Virtue alone is happiness below;" Pope Ess. on Man, iv, 310. " Virtue must be the hajipiness, and vice the misery, of every creature;'' Bp Butkr Intr. to Anal. See also l>ord Shaftesbury's Inq. concernintr Virtue, pt. IL 9. Such was the respect for religion, that the seducer of ' a vestal virgin' was considered ' guilty of incest," and placed U])on a par, in criminality, witlithe vio- lator of all natural decorum. GIF. The guilty vestal was also considered in- cesta; Ov. F. vi, 459. Priests and priestesses wore fillets round the head. LUB. Ni/llfif/ue dicett/r vittns temerassc sacerdos, nee viva dej'odietur huiuo ; Ov. F. vi, 457 f; iii, 30. R. 10. This solemnity is thus described by Plutarch : Atthe Colline gatcw ithin flic city, there was a snbtcrraneim ca- 1(1<» TIIK SA'l'IKi:S SAT. IV. Sed mine de lactis Icvioribus : et tainen alter Si fecissot idem, caderct sub judice moriun. Nam quod turjic bouis, Titio Scioque, dccebat Crispinum. Quid agas, quum dira et todior omni 15 Crimiuc persoua est .-' MuUum sex millibus emit, .^quautem sane paribus sestertia lib vis, Vt perbibcnt, qui de niagnis uiajora loquuntur. Consilium laudo aitificis, si munere tanto vern, in which were placed a bed, a lamp, a pitcher of water, and a loaf. The oft'ender was tlieri bound alive upon a bier, and carried through the forum with great silence and horror. "W'heu they reached the place of interment, the bier was set down, and the poor wretch unbound ; a ladder was then brought, by which she descended into the excavation ; when, upon a signal given, the ladder was suddenly with- drawn, and the mouth of the cavity completely tilled up with stones, earth, *c. V. iv, 67. Whether the vestal de- bauched by Crispinus actually suffered is doubtful. But Domitian did put Cor- nelia and several others to death. Suet, sii, 8 ; Dionys. ii, G5 ; viii, 90 ; LUB. PR A. GIF. R. see Marmion, cant, ii, note 17. 11. Understand (igimus. PRA. 12. * And yet any other individual would forfeit his life to our imperial censor for a like offence.' I'lin. Ep. iv, 11. LUB. As Celer, who was guilty of incest with Cornelia, (see above) was scourged to death. PRA. Liv. xxii, 67. R. On the censorship exercised by Domitian {censor majcime prineipttm- tjue princeps ; Mart, vi, 4 ; PRA.) see the notes on ii, 29 ff. Cadere is opposed to stafe injuili- cio ; [" The ungodly shall not be able to stand in the judgement ;" Psalm i, 6.] And sub means ' before,' as vii, 13. R. 1,3. Itlc crucem sceteris pretin7v tulit, hie (lifidrma; xiii, 105; ?. viii, 182; xi. Iff; 174 ff. T/.Xu; xi;j;^»»Ta< xoitoTi ouffiv, uaTis »i tt/iiKti Taiot, Xniof, x.a) Tivio* Plut. M. :xx, .io. (7 IF. LUB. H. 14. " When the actor's person far exceeds, In native loathsomeness, his foule-^t deeJs," GIF. ' one is at a loss how to treat him.' MAD. 15. See V, 92 ; Plin. ix, 1 7 ; Varr. R. R. iii, 17; Cic. Att. ii, 1; Parad. 5; Ath. i, 5 ; vii, 21 ; iv, Ki. PRA. ' Sur- mullet ; s. vi, 40 ; Mart, ii, 43, 11 ; vii, 77 ; xiii, 79 ; iii, 45, 5 ; x, 31 ; xi, 51, 9; Macr. Sat. ii, 12; Suet. i)i, 34 ; H. Hor. S. ii, 2, 34 ; Sen. Ep. 95. MAD. ' A mullet' is nivgilis. Surmullets were very plentiful and cheap, but seldom weighed above 2lbs. In proportion as they exceeded this they grew valuable, till at last they reached the sum men- tioned in the text (about £50), and even went beyond it. The fish seems to have grown larger in the decline of the empire, as if to humour the caprice of this degenerate people. Horace thought a surmullet of 3lbs. something quite out of the common way ; the next reign furnished one of 4^1bs! here we have one of filbs ! ! and we read else- where of others larger still ; one of BOlbs ! ! ! (unless there be an error in the figures) was caught in the Red Sea; Plin. ix, 18. They seem afterwards to have gone out of fashion, for Macrobius speaking with indignation of one that was purchased in the reign of Claudius by Asinius Celer foi 56/. 10,v. adds pre- tialiac insnna neschntis. The surmullet of 4^1bs was one that was presented to Tiberius. The emperor sent it to mar- ket, observing that he thought either P. Octavius or Apicius would buy it. They did bid against each other, till it was knocked down to the former for 40/. s. 23. GIF. 16. Sane ' forsooth,' ironically. LUB. Phifid. iii, 15, 12. R. ' Well! and that was only a thousand a pound.' 1 7- Juvenal merely gives the story as he heard it, without vouching for its correctness ; since /aw/a tiires (u-quirit pvnd()\ Virg. >■£. iv, 175. GRA. 18. [' Of the craftsman.'] ' I grant SAT. IV. OF JUVENAL. 1(>7 Praecipuam in tabiilis ceratn senis abstulit ovbi. 20 Est ratio ulterior, magnse si misit arnicas, Quse vehitur clauso latis specularibus antro. Nil tale exspectes : emit sibi. Multa videmus, Quae miser et frugi non fecit Apicius. Hoc tu Succinctus patria quondam, Crispine, papyro } 25 Hoc pretio squamae .'' Potuit fortasse minoris Piscator, quam piscis, ami. Provincia tanti Vendit agros ; sed majores Appulia vendit. you his artifice was praiseworthy as a masterly stroke.' MAD. s. St Luke xvi, 8. 19. See ii, 58. PR A. prcBcipua cera ' the principal place in the will' and consequently ' the bulkof ihe propeity.' The chief heir was named in the second line of the first table. Hor. S. ii, 5, 53 f; s. Suet, i, S3; vi, 17. R. MAD. 20. ' A still better reason : for then he may obtain her favours as well as her fortune.' s. ii, 58 if; PRA. iii, 129 ff. MAD. 21. Instead of glass, they used for the panes of their windows thin plates of mica or Muscovy talc, which was called /a/jis speri/faris ; Pli. H. N. xxxi, 7;I SM. the larger these panes, the more expensive would the win- dows be. MAD. i, 65 ; Plin. H. N. xxxvi, 22; 26; Sen. Ep. 86; 90; de Prov. 4; N. Q. iv, 13; hibernis objecta Not is specularia puros ad- niittuiit soles et sine fcrce diem : at inilii eella datur^ non tota clausa fenestra; Mart, viii, 14,3-5 ; Plin. £p. ii, 17; PllA. R. The satire per- haps is aimed at the affectation of the lady, who pretended to conceal herself in a vehicle, which, from its splendour, must have attracted universal notice. GIF. 22. ' If you expect any .'•uch thing, you will be mistaken.' MAD. After videmiiH understand Crispinum fecisse. R. 23. ' Compared with him, Apicius was mean and thrifty.' See note on 15. Among several epicures of this name, one wrote a book on cookery. Sob. Pliu. ii, 5; viii. 51 ; ix, 17; x, 48 ; Sen. Kp. 95 ; L UB. Id. Ilelv. 10 ; Die Cass. 57- The Apicius who is above mentioned, after spending a for- tune in gluttony, destroyed himself. PRA. s. xi, 3 ; Tac. A. iv, 1 ; Mart, ii, 69; iii, 22. R. Hoc; understand/ec/s^;. LUB. 24. ' Erst girt round the loins with the papyrus matted or stitched to- gether.' i, 26;^ Plin. xiii, Ii; PRA. s. viii, 162. The papyrus is called patria, as the siluri are called munici- pes, 33. y "E^af, ^iTuva. ^r,traf vti^ Anaer. iv, 4; Hor. S. ii, 8, 10; Phffid. ii, 5, 11 fi-; BCE, p. 283 S. R. The savages of the newly-discovered islands, and the countrymen of Cris- pinus at the present day, are said to wear this sort of dress. Rear- Admiral Perree says, -'Laferocite des habitans est pire que les sauvages ; majeure partie fiabilles en paille ;" Intercepted Letters. GIF. 25. Understand emuntur. LUB. squaince, contemptuously, for ' the fish.' Sch. 20. Asinius Celer e consularibus, hoc pisce prodifjus, Caio principe uimm inercatus octo mitlibus numum : quts reputatio arij'ert transvcrsnm animum ad conlemplationem eoruin, t/ui in con- f/uestione tuxiis, coijuos etui singuloa pluris (funm niuos rpiiritubant : at nunc rof/ui triuniplinruni prrtiis- pnrantur et rof/uoruni piscrs ; Plin. ix, 17. R. •27. ' You can purchase still larger estates in Ajjuliafor the money : landed property being nt a discount in Italy, especially in the wilder parts of it ;' but H. ix, 55; HNN. agri suburbani tan- tutu possidet, t/tiantutn inviiliose in de- lertis Appuliae po.ssidrrel; Sen. Ep. 87; N. Q. v, 17; Plin. xvii, 24 ; Oell. ii, 22; inripit monlr.i Appulia 168 T]IK SATIHES SAT. IV. Quales tunc epulas ipsiim glulisse puteimis Kndoiieratovoiu, (luiini, tot scsteitia, partem 30 Exij^nani ot niodica^ smntain di; inargiiic coense, Pui))iiicus inagni riictant scuria Palati, Jain pvincops oquitum, magna qui voce solebat VendcTO nnnnci})es fricta de mcrce siluros? Hotos nstentarp, quos iorrct Atabulus ; Hor. t^. i, 5, 77 f; PEA. nee tnntm timqiiani sif/mnn iiisedit vapor sifiru- los(C Appti/i(e; E. 3, 15 f; [sed /inbeni Sicula arva minores, Ov. M. viii, 283. DB.] 28. ' To have gorged.' Hence our word GLUTTON. He now attacks Do- mitian. 29. Enrioperatorn, 138 ; the obsolete poetical lorm of imperator (which is inadmissible in epic verse) used by En- nius and Lucretius : with evJav, the Greek for in, prefixed. R. Imperator (1) in its simplest sense denotes ' the general of an armv,' ailministralor rei gerenda; Cic. de Or. i, 48, 210. (2) Moreemphatically itis'acommanderin chief, who, upon a signal and important service, had this title conferred upon him by the acclamation of the soldiers or a decree of the senate.' This, both during the republic, {castella ninni- ttssima, rioctiirno Potuptinii adrentu, nostra matutitto, cephiiKs, inccndimns : Imperator es appeltali sxnn/s; Cic. Alt. V, 20;) and after. (Tiberius id quM/i/e BI(eso tribuit nt imperator a legionibiis sa/ufaretiir, prisco erga duces honore, qui bene gesta re publicn et im- petu victoris exercitus rondnmabantur ; Tac. An. iii, 74; Cic. Phil. xiv. 4 f; Plin. Pan. 12; 5G.) Thus from the name of an office, it became a title of dignity, which was not regularly ap- plied unless a certain number of the enemy were slain: (D. Cass, xxxvii, 40.) A ppian says 10,000. (B.C. ii, p m. 45.5.) And it was conferred but once in one war: Claudius, in his war against Britain, "was repeatedly sa- luted imperator, though contrary to established rules." (D. Cass. Ix, 21 .) This title was commonly expressed on their coins both under the re- public and after. (i^N, diss, x, t. ii, p. 180 ff.) (3) Under J. Ca'sar the word took a third signification, and im- plied the chief civil authority, or what we understand by 'emperor.' (D. Cass, xliii, 44.) Imperator in this sense is prefixed to a name ; in the two other senses it is put after it: as Im- perator Ceesar Augustus; Liv. i, 19; and on the other hand M. Tulliiis Im- perator, as in the address of many of his letters. Heeepit Julius praeno- men Imperator is, cognomen Patris Patrice; Suet, i, 76. The second sense was not destroyed by the third; for many emperors were saluted as i77i- pe rata res long after their accession. Octavian, for instance, had that com- pliment paid him uj)wards of twenty times. (Tac. A. i, 9;) TY, Civil Law, p. 30. s. CW, L. ix, p. [191 ; 201 ;] 214 f; Livy xxvii, 19, 4. ' So many sestertia,' i.e. * a dish costing so many.' s. 16. PR A. 30. ' If Crispinus devoured such an expensive dish, and that not a principal one, but merely a side-dish, and not at any great banquet, but at a quiet sup- per.' M^D. 31. ' Purple.' s. i, 27; PR J. as contrasted with iv, 24. MAD. The indigestions and crudities, gene- rated in the stomachs of those who feed on rich and high-seasoned dishes, occa- sion indigestion, flatulence, and nau- seous eructations, iii, 233. MAD. ' The huftbon' used contemptuously for ' courtier.' s. Mart, viii, 99. PRA. See the characters of the a^ttrxos, the KoXa%, ;ind the fia/itko'xef Arist. Eth. iv, G and 8. The words 7nagni palati look very like a pun. HNN. 32. Not ' Master of the Horse,' but ' first of the Equestrian order,' ' one of the illustrious knights :' (s. Tac. A. xi, 4; ii, 59; also vii, 89; x, 95; R. Liv. xlii, 61 ; and AD.) who by their fortune were eligible to the senatorial rank. L. E. s. Hor. Ep. iv, 15 f; iii, 159. MAD. Magna voce vender e ' to hawk about the streets.' MAD. Sen. Ep. .56. R. 33. Municipes ' of the same borough- SAT. 1\. OF juvp:nal. 109 Incipe, Calliope, licet et considere : non est 35 Cantandum, res vera agitur. Nan-ate, puellae Pierides : prosit mihi, vos dixisse puellas ! Quum jam semianiinum laceraret Flavins orbem Ultimus et calvo serviret Roma Neroni ; Incidit Adriaci spatiura admirabile rhombi town.' xiv, 271 ; SM. viz. Alexandria. Gell. xxvi, 13 ; PRA. s. 24. R. ' Shads.' MAD. pisces fricti, ut dill durent, eoilem momento, quo fri- gunttir et levahiur, aceto cn/ido per- funduntur; Apic. i, 11 ; [s. R, on xiv, 132.] The cured fish, which were im- ported from Egypt, were much esteemed. Diod. i, 36; Luc. t. iii, p. 249. But this sort (Snheilan Nilotictes) was so common and cheap, that it was never bought or sold but by the lower orders. MNS. 34. He here ridicules the practice of invoking the Muses. RIG. Calliope presided over heroic verse : PRA. she was also ^^aips^irTdrn a^rariuv Hes. Th. 79; Sil. iii, •222; xii,390; Virg. JE. ix, 525. Thus Homer Batr. 1 ff; Hor. S. i, 5, 51 ff; R. [Vir. E. iii, 56 ; Aris. N. 464.] ' We may be seated ; for the matter on the tapis will not be despatched in an instant.' MAD. See iii, 265, note. 35. ' We have no poetical fiction to deal with.' MAD. x, 178. R. 36. The Muses were called Pierides from Pieria, a district on the confines of Macedonia and Thessaly ; in which Ju- piter visited their mother Mnemosyne. Ov. M. vi, 114 ; MAD. Cic. de N. D. iii, 54 ; PRA. s. vii, 8, 60. R. Prosit noslris in moutibus or las ; Virg. JE. ix, 82. Sch. ' Let me ex- perience, in your patronage, the benefit of having paid this compliment to your innocence and youth.' FAR. 37. The date of this event is given with much precision in majestic verse. LUB. vi, 82; R. Virg. IE. iv, 68G. ' The world lies at its last gasp, bleeding under the fangs and talons of a ferocious tyrant.' The Flavian family was one of no distinction before Vespasian's time; Suet. X, 1. PHA. 38. Domitiaii was the l;iat of the Ctesars also. LUIi. Flavin 'jfiis, tjnan- tiim lihi lertiiis nli.ihilit /irri's I pcene fnit lanti, non habuisse duos ; Mart. Spect. xxxiii. Sch. Ausonius has imi- tated this : hact'rnus edideras dominos, gens Flavia,Justos : cur, duo f/ucedede- rant, terlius eripuit? vixtanti est ha- buisse illos : quia dona bonoruni sunt brevia ; ceternum, quce nocuere, dolent ; vi, ] 7. Et Titus imperii felix brevitate ; se- quutus /rater, quern calv u in dixit sua Roma Nero7iem; A us. vi, 2, 11 f. T. Baldness was a very sore subject with the emperor ; Suet, xii , 18 ; and was considered a great dissjght among the Romans. Suet, i, 45. On the stage, it was one of thedistinguishing charac- teristics of parasites and other ridiculous personages; R. and is still retained by the heroes of modern pantomime. ' Was enslaved.' Doniitian was the first to accept the title of dominus, to which servus is the relative term, as miles is to imperator, and civis to princeps. LUB. Suet, xii, 13. He is called ' a second Nero' from his excessive cruelty. T. Suet, xii, 10 f; 15. PRA. Thus ^neas was taunted as another Paris : Virg. jE. iv, 215. R. 39. Parturiunt monies : nascetur ridiculus mus\ Hor. A. P. 139. PRA. This is another in'^tnnce of periphrasis. spafium rhombi (hiiaivoTt) for rhombus spaliosus, (i. e. ingrns, as spaliosus taurus; Ov. R. A. 421 ; SM.) so also Crispi scnectus; 81; Monlnni venter ; 107; ri/ii seucctus; xiii,2l4; Thaletis ingeniuvi; ib. 184; Herculcus labor; Hor. Od. i, 3, 36 ; virtus Catonis ; ib. iii, 21, 11; virtus S'ipiadce et mitis sapientia Ltvli; S. ii, 1, 72; nodosa pondera -ifia.x^oio, ffOivo; 'CLo'iuvos, ike. Ii. In English we say " 'rho Queen's most excellent Majesty'' for the Queen her- self. 'I'iie expression in the text may 170 THE SATlUi:S SAT. IV. 40 Ante domum Veneris, quani Dorica sustinet Ancon, Implevitque sinus : nequc enini minor haiscrat illis, Quos opcrit glacies Mjcotica ruptaquc tandem Solibus clliiudit lorpentis ad ostia Ponti Desidia tardos et longo Aigore pingues. 45 Dcstinat hoc monstrum cymbai Unique magister Pontifici surarao. Quis enim proponere taleni Aut emere auderet, quuui plena et litora niulto Dclatore forent ? Dispersi protenus alga) Inquisitores agerent cum remige nudo, also be compared with evoi ;^{?^ajtciya, Her. i, 36, [67;] iii, 130, [ly ;J vi, 43, [58;] vii, 188, [83.] Adrktco 7)1 i rand us I i tore r h o m h u s ; Ov. Hal. 125. Ravenna in the Adriatic was famous for its turbots, as Tarentum and the Luerine lake for oysters, (s. 140 fif;) the Tiber for pikes, Sicily for the miirctna and Khodes for the clops; Plin. H. N. i.x, 54; R. ib. 20. I'UA. 40. The poet by being thus minute (as though every particular was of the utmost importance) enhances the irony. MAD. Domiis ' the temple;' LUB. Virg. M. vi, 81; Prop, iii, 2, 18; s. Cat. xxxvi, 13. R. A/icona, in the Picenian territoiy, was founded by a colony of Syracusans (who were of Doiic race) flying from the tyranny of Dionysius. FAR. It was named from a bend ot the mountain whose promontory formed its harbour, resembling an elbow ayxi it ^ Tat l^iui d'ro/ia.t- eurai, etlit ua.) aurri n Xifivn Maiurit ha- fici^irai. Hipparch. . Jonson too, whose learning often got the better of his judgement and be- trayed him int'i absurdities, has ex- panded the thought thus : " Fat aged carps, that run into thy net. And pikes, now weary their own kind to eat. As loth the second draught or cast to stay, Officiously at first themselves betray;" Forest, ii, 2. GIF. ' What flattery was ever more grossly palpable .P' LUB. Illi see 73; iii, 264. 70. The metaphor is taken from a bird, which, when proud and pleased, ' cocks and struts and plumes itself;' MAD. as the contrary is expressed by the word crest-fallen. ' Nothing is too fulsome to be cre- dited.' MAD. [Rambler No. 104. Compare the well-known anecdote of Canute ; Hume H. of E. 1028 f.] 71. Such was the impious vanity of many heathen princes ; Caligula, (Suet, iv, 22 ;) Aurelian, Carus, Diocletian, Antiochus, and many eastern sovereigns, (Curt, viii, 5 ;) Alexander of Macedon, (Just, xi ; xii. " With ravish'd ears The monarch hears, Assumes the god, Affects to nod. And seems to shake the spheres;" DRY, Alex. Feast, [ii, 17 ft".] MAD.) Domitian styled himself d 0171171 us et deus; Suet, xii, 13; Mart, v, 8, 1 ; s. Eutr. ix, 16; Aurel. Vict, de Cffis. 39 ; Sen. Ep. 59, m ; PRA. R. Daniel vi, 12; Acts xii, 21-23. " O what is it proud slime will not believe Of his own worth, to hear it equal praised 1 bus with the gods?" .Jonson, Sejanus, [act i.] G IF. T2. Quamvix In/a gcrat patella rhom- hinn, rliombiis latior est tamen patella; ]\Iart. xiii, KJ. PRA. 73. There cannot be a stronger in- stance of the capricious insolence with which the tyrants of Home treated the servile an(l degenerate senate, than their being summoned on this paltry occasion. LUIi. s. Sil. i, 609; Liv. ix, 17. R- There is an anecdote of Nero, worthy, in every respect, to be placed by the side of that in the text. One day, wliile tlu' iinjiire was in n 171 THE SATIRES SAT. IV. Ill quonun facie miserie inagnceque sedebat 75 J\illor ainicitia;. Priiims, claniante Liburno " Cunite ! jam sedit !" rapta propcrabat abulia Pegasus, adtonita^ positus inodo villicus Urbi. Anne aliud tunc Piitlecti } quorum oi)timus atque Interpres legum sanctissimus, omnia quamquam 80 Teniporibus diris tractanda putabat inermi state of revolt, he convened the senators in haste. And, when they were breath- less with apprehension of some alarm- ing communication, hisspeecli from the throne was this, " 'E|£i5g»ixa Tat n Ll^au- X)s xu) (MsT^ov xaiififiiXiff'ri^tv (phy^srat." GIF. ' He hated them, from a conscious- ness of those feelings with which they could not but regard him.' MAD. to fjuaoi xcc'i -r^os rk ytyn, /Ji,iiriii ya^ tov l) ; Gell. iii, 4 ; Pers. iv, 1. PRA. Long before the days of Brutus, we have an instance of a like device, by which David saved himself at the court of Acbish king of Gath ; iSamuelxxi, 10-15; MAD. vi, 105; xvi, 29. R. fPhae. iv, 8, 10.] Men were in those days tvuhTf. 104. ' Equally pale.' LUB. s. 76. MA D. ' Though ignoble:' for it mast be reniembertd that this lord of the world did not consider it derogatory to his dignity to impale flies on a bodkin. SAT. IV. OF JUVENAL. 177 105 Rubrius, offensae veteris reus atque lacendoi Et tamen improbior satirani scribente ciiiiedo. Montani quoque venter adest abdoraine tardus, Et matutino sudans Crispinus amomo, Quantum vix redolent duo funera ; savior illo 110 Pompeius tenui jugulos aperire susurro, • Et, qui vulturibus servabat viscera Dacis, Fuscus, marinorea meditatus proelia villa, Et cum mortifero prudens Veiento Catullo, 105. Of Riebriics and his ' nameless offence' nothing certain is known. 106. ' More lost to shame than the pathic satirist,' had become proverbial. GES. s. xiv, 30; Mart, vi, 39, 12; Plant. Aul. iii, 2, 8; MNS. ii, 27; Komans ii, 21 ff. For improbus see iii, 282. 107. Curtius Monfanus, (whose un- wieldly paunch prepares us for the prominent part which he is to bear in the debate, GIF.) is mentioned xi, 34 ; Tac. A. xvi, 28 f ; 33 ; H. iv, 40. PRA. But the name of Montanus, was a very common one. R. 108. See 1 ff; LUB. i, 26 ff. R. ' Morning' has a twofold sense ' ori- ental' and ' early in the day.' HOL. Scb. It showed the height of volup- tuousness to have bathed and anointed at such an untimely hour instead of in the afternoon. PRA. Authority is wanting for the word's being used to signify ' ea^'tern.' MAD. Eurus ad Auroram Nabafeeaf/ue regna rcceasit Persidaquc et radiisjuga subdita m a- tutinis: Vesper et occiduo qucB litora sole tepescunt, projcima sunt Zephyro ; Ov. M. i, 61 ff; is not con- clusive. The corresponding Grtek word r^iitt or l^af, however, has the double meaning, pnllidus eoo thure f/uofl ignis iilf.t \ Mart, iii, 65, 8. The ainomum (I'lin. xiii, 1 ;) is an Assyrian shrub with a white flower, of which a very costlv perfume wan made. LUn. Virg. E. iii', 89 ; iv, 25. [(//F.)] R. The precise plant is not ascertained : amomum is the Linntcan name for ' the ginger.'^^ 109. Thin perfume was one of the ingredients used in embalming. LUB. It was also the practice to place a large f|uantity of aromatics with the body on a funeral pile. FAR. Pers. vi, 35 ff; PRA. St Matthew xxvi, 12. It was originally an eastern custom. MAD. See KI, de Fun. Rom. iii, 5 ; B. vii, 208, note. 110. Of Pompeius nothing further is known. R. Scevior aperire is a Grecism ; FAR. as qucElibet in (ptemvis upprobriafingere scBviis; Hor. Ep. i, 15, 30; R. [and often in Persius.] Jugulos aperire ' to cut men "s throats.' (see note on iii, 3G.) The noun has both a neuter and a masculine form. FAR. Hence Pliny has insidiantis susurri; Pan. 62; R. s. iii, 122 ff. 111. Corn. Fuscus was slain with a great part of his army in an expedition against the Dacians, Sch. or Catti, which Domitian had entrusted him with. Suet, xii, 6 ; Tac. H. ii, 86 ; iii, 4 ; 12 ; 24 ; G6; iv, 4 ; Eutr. vii, [24;] PRA. Diolxviii,9. R. ' Vultures' are said to resort to a spot, where slaughter is to take place, two or three days beforehand ! Plin. X, 6 ; Plut. M. XX, 93. PRA. ' The entrails' are the parts which these birds most eagerly devour. FAR. s. Job xxxix, 27 ff; St Matthew xxiv, 28; St Luke xvii, 37. ' The obsequiitusness, by which he contrived to prolong his days, served hut to fatten him tor vulture's food.' R. Dacia comprehended the modern provinces of Transylvania, Moldavia, and "Wallachia. PRA. 112. ' Studied the art of war (vii, 128;) in a marble villa, and not in a tent of skins.' PRA. 113. Fabricius Veiento: s. iii, 185; vi, ll.'{. His wife Ilippia elojied with Sergius a gladiator, vi, 82. Hoth ho and Catullus were of consular dignity. 2 A 178 J'llK SATIHKS SAT. IV. Q\\\ imnKiiiam visjc flagiabut ainorc j)\ull;u, 1 IT) (iiaudr otconsincumnnostvo (nuxiue tcinpovc inonstruiu! C;rcus adulator diru.sqiic a pontc saU-Ues, Di{.!;nus, Aricinos qui niendicaret ad axes Blaudaquc devcxaD jactarct basia rcdic. His shrewdness was shown by ac- commodating himself to the tyrannical caprices of Domitian. FAR. In the reign of Nero he was banished for pub- lishing a jeu d'esprit, which he called ' Codicils of persons deceased,' in which he had libelled senators, and priests, and even the emperor himself. LUB. Tac. A. xiv, 50. (L.) PRA. He was ' prudent' enough to obtain the good grace of Nerva likewise. When that prince was supping with a small party, Veiento lay in his bosom. The conver- sation having turned on the enormities of Catullus, the emperor exclaimed, " I wonder what would be his fate, were he now alive.'"' " His fate," replied Junius Mauricus, (casting his eyes on Veiento, who was little less criminal than Catullus,) " his fate," replied he, with the danntless spirit of an old Ro- man, " would be — to sup with us." GIF. Plin. Ep. iv, 22 ; ix, 13. II. Catullus Mewa/Zw* had well earned the epithet here given him : liiminibus captiis, ingenio seevo mala rarifa/is ad- diderat ; non verebati(r, nonen/hescebat, no» iniserebatiir: quo a Doniitiano non secus ac tela, (juce ct ipsa cceca et im- providaferuntur, in optimum quemque contorquebatur ; Plin. Ep. iv, 22 ; FAR. D.Cass. Ixvii; Joseph. B. J. p. 99G f ; Tac. Ag. 45. R. His death may be added to the innumerable in- stances of retribution which " vindicate the ways of God to man.'' He was afflicted with an incurable disease, attended by the most excruciating and unremitting torture : yet the agonies of his body were perfect ease, compared to those of his mind. He was constantly haunted with the thoughts of his past cruelties ; the ghosts of those he had accused seemed ever before him, and he used to leap from his bed with the most dreadful shrieks, as if avenging dames had already seized upon it. Worn out at length by his mental sufiferings, he expired one livid mass of putrefaction ! GIF. s. Her. iv, 206. [Hooker, E. P. vi, 6, 43; and com- pare the account of Judas Iscariot's death in Papias : CR^ Cat. Act. p. 12.] 114. Thus forming an exception to the proverb : \k rou o^av yiynrat to sgav. iZ7J5. Mart, viii, 49. i«. 1 15. Monstrum horrendum, informe, inr/eiis, cut lumen ademptum; Virg. M. iv, C58. ' Even in our time, when they are so uk: LUB. 1 16. Hewas probably notquite blind: otherwise his praise of the turbot could not have pleased the tyrant. ACH. ' liaised from a beggar's station on some bridge to be the accursed minister of cruelty.' MAD. xiv, 134, Thus sa- te lies andaciee, pofestatis, scclerum, ^■c. Cic. Cat. i, 3; Agr. ii, 13; Prov. 3 ; Quint. 25. R. Unless these words are rather to be connected with the following : dignusque qui dims 8fc. ' the importunate sentry of the bridge.' FRA. s. V, 8. 117. The Aricine hill, without the city gate on the Appian road, swarmed with beggars, particularly Jews; Sch. iii, 296 ; so as to become proverbial for it: mvlti Manii Aricice. s. Pers. vi, .56; Mart, ii, 19, 3: xii, 32, 10. R. As the carriages went slowly down hill, they were the more exposed to the im- portunities of mendicants. T. The mo- dern name of Aricia (Hor. S. i, 5, 1 ; MAD.) is ' la Riccia,' PRA. or ' Nemi.' R. 118. ' To throw his complimentary kisses to the ladies, as they rode in their chariots down the hill,' Sch. ' by kissing his hand.' SM. iii, 106 ; MAD. vi, 584 ; Apul. Met. iv, p. 83 ; D. Cass, xliv, 8 ; Luc. de Salt. 17; Tac. H. i, 36; Plin. xxviii, 2; Job xxxi, 27; Hosea xiii, 2. Whence the expression adorare. Ii. Livy xxx, 16 f. ED. ' Instead of presuming, as now, to ap- proach their lips ; too good to be con- taminated by such a blind and lecherous old dotard.' 114. PRA. SAT. IV. OF JUVENAL. 171) Nemo magis rliombum stupuit : nam plurima dixit 1'20 In laivam couversus ; at illi dextra jacebat Belua. Sic pugnas Cilicis laudabat et ictus, Et pegma et pueros inde ad velaria raptos. Non cedit Veiento, sed, ut lanaticus oestro Percussus, Bellona, tuo, diviuat et " Ingens 1 25 Omen habes" inquit " raagui clarique triumplii : Regem aliquem capies, aut de temone Britanno Excidet Arviragus : peregvina est belua : cernis lii). ' Professed more astonishment and admiration.' MAD. s. xiii, 16 ; 164; Sil. V, 202. R. 121. ' The enormous fish.' LUB. ' In like manner,' i. e. without seeing them. LUB. ' Of the Cilician gladiator ;' LUB. who was a favourite with Domitian. MJD. 122. Vliiyfia ' stage machinery/ by sitting on which boys were suddenly raised to a considerable height. L. The precise nature of this self-moving frame- v.-Qik it is very difficult to ascertain : but we may suppose that it resembled a mountain, a tower, or the like, and, by rising or sinking suddenly, changed into some other form ; not vei-y dis- similar to the changes in a modern pantomime. KG. It appears that slaves and malefactors were sometimes thrown from them to the wild-beasts. Phjed. v, 6 ; Mart. Sp. xvi ; Suet. 26; v, 34 ; Sen. Ep. 88 ff ; Plin. xxxiii, 3; K. Mart. Sp.ii,2; Claud, xvii, 320 flf. PRA. This was always a favourite exhibition at Rome. Calp. vii, 23 ft". GIF. The Roman Theatres were open at the top : during the performance, how- ever, thej' were usually covered with a large awning stretched across with Cords, GIF. as a shelter from sun or rain : FAR. besides which, by keeping the spectators in the shade, a stronger light was thrown upon the stage. Plin. xix, I. R. The ceiling of tlie Tlieatre at Oxford is {laintt-il in imitation of this. ]2.'i. ' Does not yield in admiration.' L U/i. ' f)ncin-i[iired.' LUfi. ii, 112. PRA. OiffT^oi or fjLvu^, in Latin tnbaints or axi/i/x, here used metaphorically for ' stimulus,' is a species of stinging fly, which, in the summer, almost drives cattle mad: LUB. ' a gadfly.' MAD. Varr. R. R. 5 ; Plin. ix, 1.5 ; Virg. G. iii, 146 flf; PRA. Plin. xi, 16; 28 ; V. Place, iii, 581. R. [s. Lucr. i, 922.] 124. Bellona, the goddess of war, was the sister of Mars. Her priests wor- shipped her with offerings of their own blood ; and were then gifted with pro- phetic inspiration. Some think her the same as Minerva. LUB. Virg. M. viii, 703. 126. This ' monarch" may be a sar- castical allusion to Decebalus, whose name could not be brought into the verse, but whose actions were the oppro- brium of Domitian's reign. He opposed the emperor in the Dacian war, in which Fuscus fell, and was an enemy far from contemptible. GIF, ' The pole of the sithed car' is put for the chariot itself. LUB. But the Britons used to run along the pole, and tight from it. Cffis. B. G. iv, 33 ; FRA. s. Virg. G. iii, 204; Prop, ii, 1, 76. R. 127. ' Shallsonie Arviragus be hurl- ed I' Arviragus(according to the monkish fables) was the younger son of Cymbe- iinc, and began his reign in the fourth year of Claudius, whose daughter he married. He then revolted irom his father, was brought back to his duty by Vesjiasian, reigned many years in great glory, and left his crown to his son, a prince not less valorous and ratlier more wise than his father. HOL. According to Polydore Virg. he was cither con- verted to Christianity by Joseph of Arimathsca, or allowed him and his followers to settle at Glasgow, with I)ermission to preach the Gospel. There is sarcasm in this mention of the Britons, 180 THE SATlllES SAT. IV. Eioclas in tcrga sudcs?" Hoc defuit unum Fabvicio, jiatriam ut rliombi mcmoraret ct annos. 130 '' (^nidiiani igitiir censes ? Conciditur ?" " Absit ab illo Dc'docus hoc !" Montanus ait. " Testa alta paretur, Qua' lenni mnro s])atiosuni colligat orbcm. Debetnr magnus patina) subitusque Prometheus. Argillam atque rotani citius properate ; sod ex hoc 135 Tempore jam, Cassav, figuli tua castra sequanlur." Vicit digna viro sententia. Noverat illc Luxuriam imperii veterem noctesque Neronis Jam medias aliamque famem, quum pulmo Falerno whose subjugation many eminent gene- rals (Vespasian among the rest) had failed in : and the only chance of their reduction was now destroyed by the recall of Agricola. Tac. Ag. 13 ff. R. Some chief is probably alluded to, who made himself formidable to the Romans after this recall: OW. the Arviragus above mentioned was dead. GIF. He is said to have reigned from 45 to 73 A.D. The latter date is eight years before Domititm's accession. ' Being a foreign monster, it denotes a foreign king.' L UB. [Eur Th. 1209.] 128. ' The sharp fins sticking up on his back ? Thus shall thy bristly spears stand trect in the backs of thy fees.' LUB. Pointed stakes, chirred at the ends, were used in rude warfare. VRA. jam castra /losdujii oppugnahantur : sasiiKjue et sh dibits et oirnn genere ielorum sulmovebantnr a vnllo Romuni ; Liv xxxiv, 15; see \i, 247, note. " All with arrows quilled, and clothed with blood As with a purple garment, he sustained The unequal conflict;" Southey, Madoc, vi. 130. The emperor now puts the question to the senate in due form. MAD. 131. 'A deep dish.' VitelHus in priiicipatu ducentis sertertiis condidit pat i nam, ctti facicndce furnax in campis ecdijicata mat : yuo)iia7n eo per- venit liixiiria, iit Jictilia pliiris constent (juam mnrrliina ; Plin. xxsv, 12 ; (jiiam v'j immeiisain 7nagnif>idi/iem c 1 1/ pe u m Min erva e aiyiia t o Xiov x'» dir- titnljnt; Suet, ix, 13; FRA. xi, 19 f ; ijuainvis lata gcrat putdla rhomhiim, rhfiTtibiis tnfiiirrst tamen patelln; Mart. xiii, 81. J?. The silver dish of VitelHus had been preserved as a sacred deposit, but Adrian showed his good sense by having it melted down. GIF. 132. The thinness of the earthen ware (according to Pliny) constituted Its excellence. / UB. Orbem; s. i, 137. R. 133. ' Some potter no less cunning in his craft, than was Prometheus the son of lapetus, who gave proof of his skill by forming the first man out of clay.' Ov. M. i, 80 ff; LUB. PRA. s. vi, 13; xiv, 35; xv, 85; Hor. Od. i, 3, 29 ff; xvi, 13 ff; jEseh. P. V. See also note on vi, 110. R. Suhitus, or the fish would be spoilt. PRA. 134. Hor. A. P. 22. Jiglinas invenit Clioriebus Athenicnsis, in iis orbem Anacharsis Scythes, ut alii, Hyjierbius Corintliius ; Plin. vii, 56 ; PRA. Pers. iii, 23 f. R. ' Clny' is the material, and ' a solid wheel,' revolving horizon- tally, the engine on which the potter forms his ware. Jeremiah xviii, 3 ff; MAD. Ecclesiasticus xxxviii, 29 f. 136. Hcecsententiavicit; Liv.xxxvii, 19; ii, 4; xlii, 47. R. s. yvu/irv Her. i, 61, [45;] and Wiita- vi, 101, [29. J 137. ' Of the court :' R. ' of former emperors.' MAD. ' Nero's nights ;' epulas a medio die ad m cdiam no c tern protrahebat : rcfutits scepius calidis piscinis ac tem- pore cestivo nivalis ; Suet, vi, 27 ; -£ UB. Tac. A. xvi, 20 ; R. s. A. xiii, 20 ; and vi, 102 f. BNN. 138. ' Provocatives and restoratives of the jaded appetite.' PRA. See note on 67." SAT. IV. OF JUVENAL. 181 Arderet. Nulli major fuit usus edendi 140 Tempestate mea. Circeiis nata forent an Lucrinum ad saxum Rutupinove edita fundo Ostrea, callebat primo deprendere morsu ; Et semel adspecti litus dicebat echini. Surgilur et luisso procures exire jubentur 145 Cousilio, quos Albanam dux magnus in arcem Traxerat adtonitos et feslinare coactos, ' Falemian' was a very full-bodied wine of Campania. Plin. xiv, 6 ; xxii, 1. PR A. Whence its epithets : acre ; xiii, 216; indomitiim; Pers. iii, 3; Luc. X, 163 ; aniens; Mart, ix, 74, 5; xiv, 113 ; Hor. Od. ii, 11, 19; seuerum; Od. i, 27, 9 ; forte; S. ii, 4, 24. To soften its austerity it was mixed with Chian; Tib. ii, 1, 28; Ath. i, 20. R. The lungs are considerably affected by ex:-ess in liquor. GRA. 139. ' No one better understood the practice, as well as the theory, of gor- mandizing than Montanus.' LUB. Crispus must have been at least an equal proficient in the science of good eating, as he was the favourite of Vitellius and the constant companion of his scandalous excesses. D. Cass. Ixv, 2. GIF. 140. The wanton luxury of the Ro- mans may be discerned from the variety of their oysters, which were brought from every sea. HOL. ostrcis et con- chyliis om?iiLui coiitingit, tit cum tuna crcscaiU jyariter pariterr/ue decrescant ; Cic. Div. ii, 33; ostrece sencsrente liina inuhcres^ mucrcf, tenites, cxsuccee ; cresccnte^ pinguescunt ; Gell. xx, 7; liina nlit ostrea et iinplel cchinos ; Lucil. Inbrica nascentes ituplcnt con- chylia liinee; Hor. S. ii, 4, 30; Plin. ii, 41 ; Ath. iii, 13. The Tarentine are extolled by Varro, R. K. iii, 3; and Geiliu.-', vii, IG; the Lucrine are preferred by Seneca, Ep. 79; and Pliny, IX, 64 H 79. Circfcis aiilem ostreis raro Icstwiue nigra sunt ; his ntttein iief/iic ilulciorn neifue tuiteriura esse HllncomprrtuiH est; Id. xxxii, 6 s 21. murine JPiiano mrlior Liirrinn peloris : ostrea Circeiis, Miseno oriiinliir nchiui; pecliniliiis jmlitlis jnctal se inolle Ta- rcntutn ; Hor. S. ii, 4, 32 ff ; PR A. k. ib. 2, 31 ff; Pirn, vi, 24; Plin. ix, IH s32; Macr. S. ii, II ; iii, 10; V. Max. ix, 1 ; Col. viii, 16 ; Varr. R. R. iii, 17; Sen. Helv. 10. R. The town of Circeii in Campania, with its neighbouring promontory (now ' Monte Circello'), was named after the famous enchantress Circe, the daughter of Sol and Perseis, and aunt of Medea. 141. The Lucrine lake is between Baiaj and Puteoli. Plin. iii, 5; fllA. Hor. Ep. ii, 49; Mart, vi, 11; xii, 48. R. Edita is the same as nata; 140. R. Fundo ' in the bed of the sea,' LUB, at Rutupiee,novr 'Eichborough[ Castle]' in Kent; FAR. [which was the ordi- nary landing place from Gaul. A W.'] 143. ' At first sight.' MAD. Flchinus piscis est marinus e genere cancrorum, spinis hirsutus, r/uidus et se tuetur, instar hericit, qui echinus est terrestris, sicut echitius viarinus est hericius. echinospince pro pedibus sunt, ingredi est in orbein convolvi ; ora in medio corpore ad terram versa ; sce- vitiam maris preesagire traditur ; Plin. ix, 31 s51. Athenffius tells a laugh- able story of a Laconian, who, hearing they were delicious eating, but never having seen any of them at table be- fore, put one into his mouth, shell, prickles, and all. Though he soon found to his cost what an awkward mouthful it was, his Spartan obstinacy would not allow of his putting it out again ; but he made a solemn vow that as this was the first, so it should be the last 'sea-urchin' he ever tasted; iii, 13. PRA. 144. Misso for dimisso; [s. iii, 183, n.] 145. See 61. R. ' The great chief i. e. ' the emperor.' LUB. 146. ' Had dragged them' against tlitirwill. LUn. 72 ff. PRA. Adtonitos; 77- 18-2 THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. SAT. IV, Tamquani do Cattis aluiuid torvisciuc Sygambris Dicluius, tamquain divorsis pavtibus orbis Anxia pvivcipiti vcnissct opistola jnnna. IdO Atipie utinam liis polius nugis lota ilia dedisset Tcnipora sitjvitia;, claras quibus abstulit Urbi Illustresquo aniinas inipune et vindice nullo ! Sed pcriit, postqiiam cerdonibus esse timendus Coeperat: hoc nocuit Lamiaruiu caede madenti. 14". The Caiti occupied the terri- tories of Hesse, [and Thuringia, stretch- ing from the Saale to the Eder : A W.] the Si/gamlri tliose of Guelders. s. Suet, xii, 2; 6; 13; PRA. and Euseb. Dio liv, 20; 22; 32; Flor. iv, 12; Oros. vi, 21. The latter are termed yidti tuTs evtcuiriais yiytif/tiva' ].\ic. 1. '•. 1 .i ; -roXXa tuiaifiitiac 1(>. K. [Cic. ()t. i.| Sitruiriitus was a Tuscan slave who had run away from his mistre^'S : he fell in the way of .Mfficenas, and, hap- [lening to plcnse him by his coarse iiumour, was t;ikcn into his train, and afterwaiils admitted into the household of Augii'^luj, with whom he licciime a favourite. In the fleciine of life he was reduced by his dissipation and ex- travagance to a state of destitution. Hor. S. i. .5. .51 (T; Pch. GIF. S Si X/iguifTOS Tuv Kaifaoes vaiyviuv Taiid^iev , a ^n^i " ins 'Va/jialei xaXovirif Pint. Y. xlv, t. i, p. 943 D. l{. ' Uneven ;' where all the guests were not treated alike. BRO. 4- Ceesaris — vitis; ' vile as he was' — ' even at an emperor's table.' LUB. Apicius Galba was a notorious buf- foon in the days of Tiberius and Au- gustus. Fell. He is often mentioned by Martial: LUB. i, 42, 16; x, 101 ; FRA. Quint, vi, 3. R. 5. Jurafo is used as the past parti- ciple of a deponent verb. LUB. in- Jurato plus rredef mi/ii, (jt/am j'urato tibi; Plaut. Amph- i, I; Jurato mihi crede; Cic. Att. xiii, 28; procem. Act. i, in Verr. PRA. 6. ' I know ofnothing sooner satisfied than the belly.' \cxiguum nafura de- sidcrnt: Sen. E. 16;] parvo fames fonstat, magrio fnstidiuni; ib. [17;] LUB. dives (ijiis natura .tuee, si tu ruodo recte dispertsare velis; Hor. S. i, 2, 73 f; PRA. Sen. Ep. 114; 119; tes a/bet ager ; V. Flacc.ii, 72 f; et jam curric/do nic/ram Nox roscida metain stringebat, nee se thalamis Tithonia conjux profulerat stabafque nitens in limine prima ; cum mitiKS abnuerit nocteni desisse viator, quam cwpisse diem ; Sii. v, 24 ff. R. 23. ' At the latter part of the night, immediately preceding the break of day;' BRI. GRA. 'when only the most northern constellations are seen revolving.' Bootes and the two Bears never sink below our horizon, and there- fore were fabled to be the only stars that never dipped in the ocean, fiaro- yvKTieii leof u^aij, ir t ^t (f it a, i or aoxTOi nin Ka-ru, ^uocc Tttf ^ourou An:ic. iii, 1 rt ; d/t«j SI (TT^ipirai fi,',tioivx,riov is iuriy apxros 'n^iuva Kar aurit i heoc. xxiv, Jl flf; which passages favour those who interpret this line to mean 'even at midnight.' Sch. LUB. cum jam jlectant Icarii sidera tarda boves; Prop, ii, 33, 23 f ; serus versare boves et plaustra Bootes; ib. iii, 4, 35; sive est Arctofiln/lax sive est pig er Hie Bootes; Ov. F. Iii, 405; M. ii, 172; x, 446 ff; Tr. i, 3, 47 f; Mart, viii, 21, 3 f; jam Phwbum urgere monebat noii idem eoi color eetheris, albofjue iiondum lux rubet et fiammas propioribus eripit astris, et jam Pleias hebet, fessi jam plaustra BoiitcB iiifaciempuri redeunt languentia cadi, mujoresqiie latent stetlce,calidutnque refugit LuriJ'er ipse diem; Luc. ii, 719 ff; 230 f; iv, 521 ff; V. Flacc. vii, 45G f; .'^cn. Med. 314 ff; Tro. 440 ff ; H. F. 125 ff ; jam nocte suprema utile novas ortus, tibi sola superstitc nlaustro Arctos ad Occ- anuiH /uf/ieiilibus invidel astris; Stat. Th. iii, gVi3 ff; Virg. G. iii, 381 ; M. i, 744. The fourteen stars near the nortii pole were at first called triones i. f. lerioiies ' oxen' (from tererc), and afix^ai 'wains' (iii, 255; Quint, viii, 3;) from some fancied resemblance; afterwards 'EXi»ti and inntvtu^'a, ' tlie greater and lesser Hear' ajxrof iJ.iyat,Xfi and ftju^n, names probably invented by the Arcadians from Z^ktos meaning both ' a bear' and ' the north.' And hence, as well as from the similarity of the words Anas and Arctos, arose the fable of Areas and his mother Callisto being changed into bears and trans- lated to heaven. The constellation which seemed to follow and guide these was at first called BouTn; ' the ox- driver,' and afterwards ' A^y.ri)(pvXa^ ' the bear-ward.' Arclophylax, vulgo qui dicitur esse Bootes, quod quasi temone adjunctum prce se quatit Arc- turn; Cic. N. D. ii, 42. ' Cold" either from the chilliness of the air before day -break, or from being in the north- ern heavens: and 'slow' either from the effects oic^)Vi, pigra hiberncefrigora noclis; Tib. i, 2, 29; or from the or- dinary pace of herdsmen, tardi venere bubulci; Virg. E. x, 19; or as nearer the centre of motion, Sch. R. LUB. PRA. MAD. [Ov. H. 18, 149—154 ; 188; F. ii, 190.] "Esw^£» T£ uxi Kuhu^i i^avuffras, aTa- ffttfficfitvss Tflu uTtou TO r.^i/rTov, trvfittipi- 6ii: avu xa] xdreo, in tm ^ffi^o* T»Xev 'ix^oii Jt) Tolii B-x'.Xoit Luc. 1. c "24 ; (ru S' a^Xiii , 7U f/iv 'Txpa.opa/za/*, ra Se (ixSnt aifavTu, ■TOA.Xa xui xizTiztroc < raixuTti yctp, (a; o'luSa, yi n«X(f ) ^lonX^ay Tooaxas Ti xa} ^i:U7Ti5.: il). 2i! ; xaXw ii rouTiai el crpoff- loyris avToi xa) h^a'^rivovni ysXcitTepef yvKT^s /ii- i^ati^Tcifiiyoi fiiffns. TieiS-eyris 01 £» xvxX'M rrfy ToXiy xai ttpo; Tajy oixiTojy aToxXuofiiyei xiiyi; xa.) x'oXaxsi xa) rcc •roiavTa axoutiv ux^/x,i>otTis' yioai Ss r^f wix^ai ravrns alrois '^i^it'oou to (fopTixit Ixilyo ouTyo* xai "XokXui a'ljioy ruftipopuy Id. Nigr. 22. I{. 24. Tonsures tempus inter cequinoc- tium vernum et solstitium, quum s u- dare inceperunt oves ; a quo s udore recens lana tonsa sucida appcllata est. lonsas recentes eodem die per- uiigunt vino et oleo : non nemo ad- mi.itn cera alba et adipe suillo; Varr. R. R. ii, 11, 6. 1 his wine was not even good enough for such a purjiose: GRA. or it was too thick for the wool to imbibe it. LUB. s. Plin. xxix, 2. TCU1 a) Xuy noirriy n xa'i TaXa.it raiot oitcy ViyovTuy, fiotof cusive man- ner. Some very elegant dishes were served up to himself ami a few more of us; while those which were phiced be- fore the rest of the company were ex- tremely cheap and mean. There were in small bottles, three different sorts of wine; not that the guests might take their choice, but that they might not have an option in their power. The best was for himself and his friends of the first rank; the next for those of a lower order; and the third for his own and his guests' freedmen. One who sat near me took notice of this circum- stance, and asked me how 1 approved of it? Not at all, I replied. Pray then, said he, what is your method on such occasions ? When I make an in- vitation, 1 replied, all are served alike : I invite them with a design to entertain, not to affront them ; and those I think worthy of a place at my table, I cer- tainly think worthy ot every thing it affords:" Plin. Ed PRA. 25. * The bad wine will presently disorder you ;' Sch. 'and you will he- come as frantic a,s one of the priests of Cybele.' PRA. 26. iii,288; xv.ol f. ' Wranglings form the prelude.' R. Prolusio is properly ' the flourishing of their weapons by fencers before they enc;age.' MAD. See Prop, iii, 8, 1 ff; V. Flacc. v, 581 ; R. ufUin in umim latitia: scy- plii.s iiuijnnre, Thruciim est : tollUc Itf^rhufiim iiKircin, vcrrcun'liimf/uc Buc- chum xfiii'jitinfix prohihefr ri.ris ; Hor. TM. i, 27, I ff. ViiA. II, 6. GIF. 27. Saucius ; therefore ' in retalia- tion and self-defence.' ' Red with the blood of your broken head,' Sch. 28. ' The freedmen' were sometimes admitted to the lower end of great men's tables. VRA. Pers. vi, 23. R. ' Corps' denotes not only the numbers, MAD. but the puiinacious spirit of these insolent knaves. 29. ' A cheap earthen pitcher,' made at Sayuntiim (now ' Murviedro,' i. e. ' the Old Walls') in Spain. L UB. BRI. A. s. xiv, 271 . Snyiintino pocula ficta Into:, Mart, iv, 46, 15; viii,6, 2; xiv, 108; Plin. xxxv, 12 s 46. The town is celfbrated in history for its obstinate and desperate resistance when besieged by liannibal. Liv. xxi, 6 ff. PRA. li. From this place a common sort of wine was also imported. Sch. Commissa; [Livy ii, 36, 3.] 30. ' When consuls wore long hair,' which was many ages back. BRO. s. iv, 103; PRA. vi, 105; at least as long ago as 454 Y. ii. R. ' Racked off from the wood' into wine- jars, which were stopped down with wax, plaster, or pitch, and marked with the name of its country, and the consul's name by way of date : vina bibas, Ucrum Tauro diff'iisa ; Hor. Ep. i, 5, 4. T. FAR. s". Cic. Brut. 83; Ov. F. v, 517; Plin. xiv, 14; 21; Co- lum. xii, 18; Hor. Od. i, 20, 1 ff; ii, 3, 8 ; iii, 8, 1 ff ; xxi, 1 tf ; xxviii, 8 ; Pers. V, 148. R. PRA. 31. This is sometimes called the Marsian war. App. B. C.i; Eutr. v; Plut. V. xxiv ; Oros. v, 18 ; PRA. 660 — 662 Y. li. radnm Marsi memorem duelli; Hor. Od. iii, 14, 18. We need not take the expression too literally; all that we are to understand is, ' very fine old wine.' Not hut what the an- cients did keep their wine to an im- mense age. Pliny for instance men- tions a wine 200 vears old ! adhuc vina SAT. V. OF JUVENAL. 189 Cardiaco numquara cyathum missums amico. Cras bibet Albanis aliquid de monlibus aut de Setinis, cujus patriam tilulumque senectus 35 Delevit multa vetcris I'uligine testae ; Quale coronati Thrasea Helvidiusque bibebaut (lucentis fere annisjam in speciem re- dacta mellts asjjeri ; atque hcec natura vini in vetustate est ; Plin. xiv, 4. He thought it never better than when it was twentv years old: xiv, 14; Hor. Od. i, 9, 7'; i'v, 11, 1 ; Veil. Pat. ii, 7- R. GIF. Others refer this wine to an earlier date 663 y. r. in the consulship of Lucilius Opimius; (s. Fior. iii, 17 f;) when the vintage was peculiarly excellent. LUB. ' Keeps to himself.' R. Hall has imitated this passage with much humour : " What though he quaff pure amber in his bowl Of March- brew'd wheat; he slakes thy thirsting soul "With palish oat frothing in Bostoa clay, Or in a shallow cruize ; nor must that stay Within thy reach, for fear of thy craz'd brain, But call and crave, and have thy cruize again !" GIF. 32. ' He would not spare a glass of it to save the life of the best friend he has.' ill genus, ff nod Ka^iaxov a Greeds notiiimifi/r, uiliil nliud ex/, ijii'im niiiiia imbecitlitas corporis, (jititd stomacho langncnte, itnmodieo siidore digeritnr .... tertium au.ri/iitm es(, imbecillilati jacentis cibo v in ofjite surritrrere. . . . si cibns non manet, sorbere vini c y- athu )ii o/mrtet, 8fr. Cels. Med. iii, 19 ; MJD. Plin. xxiii, 1 ; Sen. Ep. 15. LUB. For Ka^Via, s. Schol. on Thuc. ii, 49. For cyat/tiis, Hor. Od. iii, 8, 13. R. 33. ' He had a variety of excellent wines.' The produce of the Alban hills, near the city ; Plin. xiv, 2 ; 6 ; LUB. Mart, xiii, 109 ; PR A. only inferior to Falernian. Dionys. i,l2; Hor. Od. iv, 11, 1 f; Galen, in Ath. i, 20. U. Ad- dison tells us in his Italian travels, that " Albano keeps up its credit still for wine, which would perhaps be a.s good iv-i it was ancieutly, did they pre- serve it to as great an age ;" [t. ii, p. 124.] GIF. [s. xiii, 214.] .'i4. A C'ami)aiiian wine, which Pliny preferred to the prcccfling; it was the favourite with Augustus; Plin. xiv, 6; S; xxii, 1 ; xxiii, 2; Al.irt. vi, H(; ; is. 3; X, 74; xiii, 112; s. x,27; Strab. V, p. 229 ; Ath. i, 48. The modern name of Setia is ' Sezze.' PRA. R. This passage is also well imitated by Hall : " If Virro list revive his heart- less graine With some French grape or pure Canariane ; \Yhile pleasing Bour- deaux falls imto his lot, Some sowerish Rochelle cuts thy thirsting throat." GIF. See note on 30. R. 35. ' The mouldiness.' MAD. 36. On days of particular rejoicing the Komans wore garlands at their carousals in imitation of the Asiatic Greeks. BRI. Their chaplets were at first (f ivy, then of parsley, then of myrtle, afterwards of roses. FAR, Hor. Od. ii, 7, 7 f ; 23 fif; Tib. i, 7, 52; Hor. Od. i, 36. 15 f ; Od. iv, 11, 3 ff; R. Od. ii, 7, 7 f ; 23 ff; MAD. Od. i,38. P(etus Thrasea and his son-in-law Heh'idiifs Prisexs, from their hatred of tyranny, used to keep the birthdays of the great liberators of Rome. The former was put to death and the latter banished by Nero. Galba recalled him from exile ; which would be one motive forour author's partiality to that prince. By Vespasian he was prosecuted on a charge of sedition, but acquitted. Thrasea was the son-in-law of that Pa'tus, whose wife Arria is so justly celebrated for her heroic constancy, in the well-known epigram: Casta sua ijladiinn &fc. These names are not in- serted so much to mark the excellence of the wine as the poet's abhorrence of Domitian; to whom these two patriots were so peculiarly obnoxious, that he put one person to death for calling 'J'hrasea a man of sanctity, and another for writing the life of Helvidius. Sch. Tac. A. xvi; Suet, vi, 37; xii, 10. PRA. This is one of those impassioned bursts into which our poet is so fre- quently betTMyeil unpremeditateis, tlie expeller of the rarquins, M. Jim. Brutus, the chief conspirator with Cassius against C.Tsar, and D. Juii. Brutus, who, in the attempt to uphold the cause of liberty against Antony, perishe.l on the field of battle. FRA. From the practice of keeping ' the birthdays' of the illustrious dead, may have originated the custom of cele- brating the memories of martyrs ; but it was the anniversary of their deaths which was observed, as being the da^e of their being born into a better world. HNN. MS. Mart viii, 88, 11 flf. R. 38. If the poet intended electrum ' an alloy of gold with one-fifth of silver,' the periphrasis is incorrect. BRI. GRA. Plin. ix, 40; xxxii, 4 or 23; Virg. yE. viii, 402; \(HY.)\ s. xiv, 307. It is ' amber' that was fabled to be produced by the tears shed (on the banks of Eridanus) for the hss of Phaethon, by his sisters the daughters of Sol ("HXiof), who were transformed into po;>lars or a'ders. Ov. M. ii, 340 If; X, 2G3 ; Plin. xxxvii, 2 f; Virg. E. vi, 02 f; /E. X, 190; Mart, ix, 14, G; Tac. G. 45. PRA. R. ' Cups rough with beryls and carved incrustations of amber:' "2» ha luoiy. Or ' the cups set with amber' stood in ' shallower vessels studded with gems.' Each person at table used to have both a poculiim and a p/iiala, as we have ' a cup and a saucer" at breakfast and tea-time. On 'the beryl' see Plin. [xxxvii, 20.] tur/ja 'jvininaruiu potamus, el xiiinrat/- disteximuscalices; ib.[xxxiii,2;] VllA. X, 27; Mart, xiv, 109; Virg. G. ii, 506; Ai.. i, 728. R. Green is the colour which harmonizes best with gold. SM. 39. By Virro is meant ' the wealthy host.' PRA. 40. ' A servant is set as a guard over you.' Cic. Ver. iv, 15. jR. 41. ' Lest any should be missing; and lest vou should try to pick them out.' LU'B. MAD. 42. ' Such precautions are excusable: you must not be offended at them.' Sch. * There is a particularly biight jas- per, which is universally admired, set in that cup.' Plin. xxxvii, 8 f. PRA. 43. The transfer of jewels from arms to cups is indicative of a similar trans- fer of affections ; and intimates that the degenerate Romans were votaries of Bacchus rather than of Mar.^?. PLA. Ut multi denotes that ' it was become fashionable.' MAD. Mart, iv, 107. R. 44. ' On the hilt of his sword.' LUB. Itli .stvllatus /asp it/ e j'ulva ensis erat; Virg. JE. iv, 261 f. LUH. 45. A peri[ihrasis for .lEneas, whom Dido preferred to her other suitor lar- bas king of Getulia. LUB. Virg. JE. iv, 3G; 190 ff. R. A&. The name of this Beneventan sot was Vatiiiius. On liis way to Greece, Nero apud Beneventum cunseilit : ubi gladiatorium dudihs a Vatinio crlcbre edehatur. Vntlnins inter fwdissima ejus anlcB osfciita fuit, sutrince tabernai alumnus, corjiure dctorto^faccliis scur- rilibus : priiiio in cont umetins adsumlus; deinile oplinti ciijasfjue criminntione eo vs(fue valiiit, ut f/ralia, pecunia, vi no- cendi, eli'un malos prcemineret; Tac. A. XV, 34; Xiph. Ixiii, 15; vilia su- toris ealicem monimvntn Vftlini aecijic : sed nasus lonyior illc fuit ; Mart, xiv, 90. The allusion here is to SAT. V. OF JUVENAL. lt)l Siccabis calicem nasorum quatuor ac jam Quassatum ct ruplo poscenteiu sulpliura vitro. Si stomaclms domini feivet vinoque ciboque : 50 Frigidior Geticis petitur decocta pruinis. Non eadem vobis poiii modo vina querebar: Vos aliam potatis aquaui. Tibi pocula cursor Ga)tulus dabit aut nigri miunis ossea Mauri Et cui per mediam iiolis occurrere noctem, 55 Clivosae veheris dum per moniuienta Latiiiae. Flos Asiae ante ipsuiu, pretio majore paratus, his teen-nosed sagacity when put upon the scent of blood. L. Tac. H. i, 37. R. 47. ' Wilt drain.' From this it seems that this ' four-spouted beaker' did not hold much; xiii, 44; Hor. Od. i, 35, 27 ; xxxi, J I ; S. ii, 6, 68 ; R. perhaps for the cause mentioned in the next line. 48. The jug wanted sulphur to ce- ment it ; Sch. or perhaps it was too far gone to he mended, and therefore should have been exchanged, as broken glass, for brimstone matches: Traiidiljerinus ambulator, qui pallentia sulphurata fractis permutat vitreis; Mart. ;, 42, 3 ff; circnlatrijc qucB sulphurata nolit etn- ta rainento Vatiniorumproxcnctafrac- torum; id. x, 3, 2 tf; PRA. s. 'Plin. xxxvi, 19, 26; xxix, 3. R. 49. iii, 233 f. MAD. 50. The country of the Gctee, who bordered on Hcytliia, is now called ' Moldavia.' FllA. Neronispriiiripis inventum est deco- y u c r e ar/ u a iii^ vitrofjuc dfinisnarii in aires r efr iff e ra r e : ita roluplas fri- ffiiris conlingit sine I'itiis nivis. innnein utiifue decor tnm v(itiore/n esse roti- renit; Hem calej'aclam maffis refrifferari; I'lin. xxxi, 3 ; Suet, vi, 48 ; Mart, ii, 85, I i xiv, IIG; At!i. iii, 34; Sen. N. Q. iv, 13. PRA. R. The snow was pre- served in f'averns, and places like our ice-houses. MAD. 5 1 . The wine wa.s notcircuiated round the table, but placed before each guest. LUB. 52 ' A running footman.' MAD. omnes sic jam. jieriffriiiniitur ut iltos Niimidurum prrecurrat ei/iiitalus, ut iiffmrn ctirsorum anfirnlnt ; Sen. Ep. 123 ; 88 ; Tac. H. ii, 40 ; Suet, vi, 30; Mart, iii, 47; x, 6; 13; xii, 24. These negro couriers were cele- brated for their speed: Luc. iv, 681; Nemes. Cyn. 261. Not but what they were also employed as in-door servants : Hor. S. ii, 8, 14 ; Theoph. Ch. xxi ; Ath. iv, 29; Cic. ad Her. iv, 50. R. ' A lackey;' LUB. which word may come from the /Ethiopic lai//ci/ ' a ser- vant;' from the root laaca ' lie sent.' 53. ' Of a blackamoor.' 54. ' Because you might take him for a spectre out of the tombs :' or ' because it was consideied ominous to meet a Black.' BRO. T. s. vi, 572; 601 ; 655; Mart, vii, 86, 2. Both M. Brutus and Hadrian are said to have foreboded death from having each of them met with an Ethiopian. Plut. and Spart. FRA. 55. i, 171. PRA. 56. ' Such as was Ganymede.' LUP. Cic. Pliil. ii, 15 ; iii, 5 ; Virg. JE. viii, 500 •,JlosJui'CHUia a.nii j'urc/itutis ; Li v. viii, S : 28 ; xxvii, 35; xxxvii. 12; cctfds ru> 'Afitjvaiuv' Tliuc. iv, 133; fi(euuv auref Find. N. viii, 15; vuutZv auToc V. iv, 335. There is also an allusion to ' the bloom of youth :' eevi flore virens: Sil. i, 60 f; iii, 84; vii, 691. The most fashionable and, of course, the most expensive slaves were those iiiiporteil from Asia Minor; xi, 147. Eor the importanc-; att.iclied ti this ));irt of the establishment, (/iUQaKiu u^a7aliaK6vouy.inic- l>uc. I.e. 16 ;)s. ix, 46 11; xiii, 44 ; Cic. Fin ii,23; and on the other hand, xi, 145 if; Mart, viii, 39, 4; ix, 23, 9fr; Ixxiv, 6; xiii, 108. /f. Understand slat, 65 ; s. S.S, on 'Urt^fn, 13. /.'. \9-2 THE SATIRES SAT. V. Qiuim iuit ct Tulli census piignacis ct Anci Et, no tc tonoani, Ronianoiinn onniia reguni Frivola. QucmI quum ita sit, lu Ga'tuluni Ganymedem 00 Rcspico, xf» '^X^'i'" ^th. ix, 8, [32] ; .s. jjVaTas auKoiTo.' Poll, vi, 49 ; Plin. viii, 51 s 57. R. The modern Sicilians, according to Brydone, have a mode of treatment by which they increase the livers of their fowls. G IF. 115. ' Poultry' were called altiles from alo. PRA. Perhaps ' a fatted capon' is here meant. MAD. s. 168. e'uTi h o'^ns of/,o'ia, ra7s ciXXais, a,XXa. r^ fiiv /e pariter mandioitiir r-pri; Plin.viii,51 s78; R. s.i, I40f. MAD. * "VS'ill be served up;' understand domino. R. Ru7»pimus ultricem tenero quce ver- tiee terrain tubera, boletis poma secunda surnus; Mart, xiii, 50 ; tubera diru?itur nasci, si imbres fuerint anct utmialcs et tonitrua crebra : tencrrima sunt tem- pore verno; Plin.xix,3; PRA. tubera terra; xiv, 7- MAD. 117. 'Devoutly wished for' by the epicure. BRO. Plut. M. 1, 4, 2 ; Ath. ii, 21. PRA. 118. There is much genuine humour in this rapturous apostrophe of the gluttonous Alledius to Libya. Africa was one of the principal granaries of Rome. GIF. si proprio condidit hor- reo (/uid'/uid de Libyris verritur areis; Hot. Od. i, 1 , 9 f ; /?. frumcnti qunn- turn metit Africa; S.'ii, 3, 87. GES. {ADD, Dial, on Med. t. i, p. 487.] 119. Tubera Africa: landatissima; Plin. xix, 3. To prove that the African ' truffles' were the finest, R also refers to Mart, xiii, 42 f; but the tuber es (not fubon'), there mentioned, grow on boughs, and are the fruit of the tube r- tree. 120. ' The seneschal.' (/ui fcrcula docte componit; vii, 184 f. jR. 121. '' l.o ! the spruce carver, {carp- tor, ix, 110; PRA.) to his task ad- drest. Skips, like a harlequin, from place to place, And waves his knife with pantomimic grace." GIF. Chirononion, from the Greek parti- ciple ^iiooioftuv : cliirunomon, vi, 63; the accusative of ^(^ti^ovifiet. Processit statim scissor, et ad syinphoniam ita gesticulatus laceravit opsoniinn, utputes Darium hi/draule cantante pugnare ; Petr, 36 ; ac si inter Apicios cpu/ones et Byzantinos chironoDiuutas hue usqite ructaveril; Sidon. Ep. iv, 7, end; F. alius prefiosas aves scindit et per pec- tus ac dunes certis ductibus circum- ferens cruditam manum, in frusta excutit : infeli,i\ qui, huic uni rei vivit, lit altilia decenter secet ; nisi quod tniserior est, qui huic voluptatis causa docef, quant qui necessitatis discit ; Sen. Ep. 47 ; de Br. V. 12 ; de V. B. 17 ; Plin. X, 50 s 71 ; VHA. 'irr^oxXu- S»f , T«» xtipaXhv i^iiffiici iir) rh* roaTi^ay, Tclat ffK'.Xi^i i^ii^otop,'/i i! rui aypieav Xa^avav, lTiXi'>rav dt xai at x^mat piou7ai rou "^uy^^ov voarcs, u; It/ Tat/7 at it ooKt7i Tputpav. on 'im aoi ra>v 'nr^aoiav a^ionut itTpuytTv h 5' IXivhpia xai ra ii/yivis, euv auTcif (fvXiraif xai (p^aTo^ffi, (p^ovdu rrav- ra, xa) oh%\ fjt.vrii/.ri ri; avrHiv Luc. fiifff. ffvi> 24. See 6 ft". R. 158, ' Than a parasite in all the agonies of disappointed hunger.' PRA. 159. See i, 45; expletiir lacri/mis eqeriturque dolor ; Ov. Tr. iv, 3, 38. R. 161. See Pers. v, 73-90; Hor. S. ii, 7, 32 ff; 80-94; 111 ; Ep. 1, 16, 63 ff; Mart, ii, 53 ; ix, 11, R. 162. See Hor. S. ii, 7, 38 ; Mart, i, 93, 9 ; V, '!5, 7 ft'; 'iri "Si xa) h xvlffira. h Iran ffxlua^ofiivait \( "rb ^ilwov aTiXvan fit Luc. Catap. 16. R. 163. ' Utterly destitute.' LUB. s. iv, 49. ' Him and his insolence,' LUB. 164. ' A second time,' MAD. ' The golden boss' was an amulet adopted from the Etruscans, (who pro- bably brought it from the east,) and at first was worn only by the children of the nobility. In process of time it be- came common, like the fria tiomina, to all who were free-born. It was a hollow globule something in the shape of a heart. This badge of liberty was worn by the children of all ranks of freemen SAT. V. OF JUVENAL. 203 165 Vel uodus tantum et signum de paupere loro ? Spes bene coenandi vos decipit. " Ecce dabit jam Semesum leporem atque aliquid de clunibus apri. Ad nos jam veniet minor altilis." Inde parato Intaetoque omnes et stvicto pane tacetis. 170 llle sapit, qui te sic utitur. Omnia ferre Si potes, et debes. Pulsandum vertice raso Prgebebis quandoque caput nee dura timebis Flagra pati, his epulis et tali dignus amico. till the age of fifteen. In our author's da^s the golden bulla was probably used only by the rich ; the poorer classes had it of leather or other cheap materials. [Ascon.] Pers. v, 31 ; Sch. LUB. GIF. Macr. i, 6; PRA. niii, 33; MAD. xiv, 5; Plin. xxxiii, 1 s 4; Aur. Vict. 6; Plut. V. ii, p. 30; [AX.] R. Livy xxvi, 36, 6. 166. i, 133 f. s. the quotations from 'Lucian at 22 and 157. R. Olftii, Ti 5>Jt* trioipas u rdXaivd fit 'EXti} Tor'y eh fiiXXovfa ^lartXiTv ^ce^iv ; Eur. Her. 434 f ; Ph. 407 ff. This is the soliloquy of the expectant parasite. LUB. dpiKoiro /iixi' "''^ xaSa'Ti^ o'l y.iivis Tt^i- iaSiui. n TO o)i rr,; fiaXccy^rn (fuXXov, Cji TO, aXXa, irvtiiXaZru. li ii^ipciphiri viri Tu* Jtf^ix.u.raxufiiyuv, aafiiios U'ri Xi[/,ou ■raj^a.^afiaffia)iov o^tdo;, ui fioXis Ta oara rifcin xaraXtXoiVi' (s. 114 ;) ib. 1 7 ; i?. ;^?vi<;} h/J^ifi^u r ous 'irifivt xa.) aoruv riu,lncies are coinhinod. Forcible in ar<;umont, flowing in diction, bold, impassioned, and sublime ; it looks as if the Poet, conscious of the ditlicultics which he had to grap2)le with, had taxed all his powers to do justice to the theme. It is addressed to Ursidius Postumus, as a dissuasive from marriage, grounded on the impossibility of meeting with any eligible partner; the good old times being long gone by, when females were chaste and frugal : 1 . .29. If therefore he was tired of a bachelor's life, he had better bid adieu to this world altogether. 30.. 47. The catalogue, which it contains, of vices and follies is most appalling ; but is not very methodically arranged. Luxury is the source of all, 286.. 300. From this spring — unbridled lust, pervading all ranks, 47.. 132; 327 ff; 3'o(5..378; 697.. 601; gallantry, 231.. 241; artfulness, 271. .278; unnatural passions, 3 18.. 326; attachment to unfeminine pursuits, 67. -70; 246.. 267; boldness, 279.. 285; coarse manners, 418.. 433; drunkenness, 300. .319; 425 ff; profaneness, 306. .345; quarrel- someness, 268. .270; litigiousuess, 242. .245; cruelty, 413. .418; 474. . 495; waywardness 200. .223; and fickleness, 224. .230; imperiousness, presuming upon wealth and beauty, 136. .160; pride, 161. .183; ambi- tious extravagance, 352.. 365; 495..511 ; love of finery and cosmetics, 457.. 460; fondness for public singers and dancers, 379. .397; gossip- ing, 398. .412 ; affectation, 184. .199; pedantry, 434. .456; superstition and credulity, 511. .591; the producing of abortion, 592.. 597; the introducing of supposititious children, 602.. 609; the employment of philtres, 133.. 135; 610.. 626; poisoning of step-sons, 627.. 652; and murder of husbands, 652.. 661, CtIF. R. The ashes of the ladies, whose disreputable actions are here recorded, have long been covered by the Latian and Flaminian ways ; nor have their follies, or their vices, much similarity with those of modern times. It would seem from internal evidence, that this Satire was written under Domitian. It has few political allusions, and from its subject might not have been displeasing to that ferocious hypocrite, who affected at various times a wonderful anxiety to restrain the licentiousness of the age ! GIF. Among other writers who have been severe upon the female sex are Euri- pides generally, and Aristophanes in his Thesmophoriazusae. With this Satire may also be compared Lucian, Amores c. 33 ff; c. 38 ff ; R. Jo. Filesaci Uxor Justa; SU7,. Chrysostom, homily on Herodias; Barth. ep. from Spain to Celestin, p. m. 334 ff; les Memoires de Bran- tosme; HNN. Simonides; i^riosto, Aretino, and Boccacio among the Italians; among the French, Jean de Meung, Gringoire, Moli^re, la Fontaine, Boileau in Sat. x, ACH. [Sati/re nouvelle centre les Femmes, iniilee de Juvenal par le Sieur Losme (de Moutchenay,)4to, 1698;] and Pope in his Moral Essays, op. ii. SAT. VI. THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. 205 Credo Pudicitiam Saturno rege moratam In tenis visanique diu, quum frigida panas Prsebevet spelunca domos iguemque laremque, Et pecus et doniinos communi clauderet umbra; 5 Silvestrem montana torum quum sterneret uxor Frondibus et culmo vicinarumque ferarura Pellibus, baud similis tibi, Cynthia, nee tibi, cujus Turbavit nilidos exstinclus passer ocellos ; 1. Credo implies some doubt. LUB. Julia lex (38) ex quo renata est, atque intrare domos jussa P u d icitia est; Mart, vi, 7, 1 f. ' The reign of Saturn,' who was said to have been king of Latium, was ' the golden age.' s. Hes. O. D. i; LUB. Cic. de N. D. ii, 64 ; Virg. E. iv, 6-45 ; [(i>/r.)] .E. vii, 180; viii, 314-329; Ov. M. i, 89 ff; Lactant. i, last; v, 5; S Hieron. on Isaiah iv, 11; ix, last; I'RA. xiii, 28 flf; 38 ff; Tib. i, 3, 35 ff ; Lucr. v, 905-1026 ; Prop, ii, 32, 52 ff ; Ov. Her. iv, 131 ft'. Ii. ' Tarried:' understand esse. 3. Domus antra fuentnt, et densi frutices et vinctee cortice virgce ; Ov. M. i, 121 f. Euryalus and his brother Hyperbius are said to have built at Athens the first dwellings of brick; Toxius was the first who constructed houses of mud in imitation of swallows' nests ; previously to which antra et specns erant pro dumibns; Plin. vii, 56 ; FRA. netnoru atque cavos montes silvasque colehant, et frutices inter condehant squulida membra, vcrhera ventorum vitare imf/resque coacti ; Lucr. V, 953-955. jR. Such was the cave of Inkle and Yarico: Spect. No. II. ' The household god whose altar was the hearth.' The deceased were buried in their houses, and afterwards worship- ped as the tutelary deities of the man- sion. Sch. 4. Anliquitus ante vstitn tectorum 0VC8 in anlris rlaudehanlur ; Fcst. " caulae." R. Thus old Silenus says aiayxa'iuf Ix*'- fa'iotit aiin^a. Tnii ft a^^ayri dt/xoue, u( to» t' afitra, dtffxiTtii, KvkXoi't , ifjiit xa^aecirii eitrpon fifiXA r' iiaitx<^fi.%6a' Ijir. i'\f. '.',Z-'St>. See other jirirts of the same play. 5. Silvestres homines; Hor. A. P. .391 ; PHA. antra prfrns : eontra ignis, viridique torus de fronde ; V. Flacc. i, 136 f ; silva domus fuerat, cibus herba, cubilia frondes; Ov. A. A. ii, 475. To this hardy and simple mode of living may be attributed the un- sophisticated virtues of olden times : s. 286 ff; and xiv, 161 ff. R. 6. ' With leaves and straw.' LUB, silvestria membra nuda dahant terra: noctnrno tempore capti, circum sefoliis ac frondibus involventes; Lucr. v, 968-970. VRA. ' Of neighbouring brutes.' scecla fe- rarnm infestam miseris faciebant scepe qnietem : ejectiquedomofug'ebantsaxea tecta setigeri suis adventu validique leonis, atque intempesta cedebant tiocte paventes hospitibus savis insirata cubi- lia fronde; Lucr. v, 980-985. 7. Manuuni mira freti virtute pe- dumque consectabantur silvestria stecla fernrum missilibus suxis et magno pon- dere clavce muUaque vincebant ; Lucr. V, 964-967. Hand similis : s. Lucr. v, 923 ff. R. Ci/nthia, whose real name was Hos- tia, was the mistress of Propertius. LUB. R. The other beauty is Lesbia (her real name was Claudia) the mistress of Ca- tullus, whose ex(|uisite hendecasyllables on the death of this favourite sparrow are still extant. LUB. R. GIF. 8. Passer morfin/s est mere puellcc, quern plus ilia ornlis suis amabat, O tniselle passer! tua nunc opera mea: puellcE Jlendo tu rqiduli rubent ocelli; Cat. iii, 3; 5; 16-18; LUB. ii ; PRA. Mart, vii, 14, 3 f. R. ' Whose beamingeyeswere clouded:' a metaphor from tlie face of the hoiivens. LUB. fuv>l(peuf SfAfnaTX. G RA. tlirbii- liore cii'lo; Suet, iii, 69. The Gaul who fought Valerius, is described (when assailed by the raven) to have been -201) THE SATIRES SAT. VI. Sed potanda fereus infantibus ubcra magnis 10 Et sajpe honidior glandem ructanlc marito. Quippc alitor tunc oibc novo ccL-kxiue rccenti \ivobant honiincs, qui rupto robore nati Conii)ositive Into nullos habucro paventes. Malta Pudicitia) vctcris vestigia forsan 15 Aut aliqna exstiterint et sub Jove ; sed Jove nonduni Barbato, nondum Gra3cis jurare paratis Per caput altcrius, quuin fureni nemo timcret oriilis siniul ac viente turbalus; Liv. vii, 26. 9. ' To be quaffed,' and not merely < sucked.' The children were more ro- bust when born, and were not weaned so very soon. According to Hesiod, sons were under their mother's manage- ment for the first hundred years of their life. GRA.LUB. xv, 70; PR A. Lucr. V, 925. R. The above passage is charmingly imitated by Beaumont and Fletcher:'" Phil. O, that 1 had but digg'd myself a cave, Where I, my fire, my cattle, and my bed Might have been shut together in one shed ; And then had taken me some mountain girl, Beaten with winds, chaste as the harden'd rock Whereon she dwells; that might have strew 'd my bed With leaves and reeds and with the skins of beasts, Our neighbours ; and have borne at her big breasts My large coarse issue ;" Philaster, Act iv. GIF. 10. ' More unpolished.' LUB. " And fat with acorns belch'd their windy food." DRY. Piin. vii, 56; xvii, prooeai. and 5 ; PRA. Virg. G. i, 8; 148 ; R. glandifcras inter curabant corpora ijuercns plerumque ; Lucr. v, 937 ; glandem f/iiemis, oracula prima, ferebant: hac erat et teneri cespitis herba, cihns; Ov. Am. iii, 10, 9 f; M. i, 106; Hor. S. i,3, 100. 1 1 . Telliire nova cceloifve recenti : Lucr. v, 905. R. With the w o rd s of this Epicurean our author did not adopt his system: see xv, 142 ff. GIF. 12. Gem viriim trvncis et duro ro- bore nata; Virg. M. viii, 315. The idea originated from the circumstance of men'rt coming forth in the morning from the hollow trees in which they had passed the night. LUB. conceptus aiib robore rreverat infnnx queerebatgtw viam qua se exsereret:. — arbor agit rimas etjissa cortice vivum reddit onus ; Ov. M. X, 503 ff; 512 f. GRA. 13. ' Formed of clay either by the Deity, or by Prometheus.' PRA. iv, 133; xiv, 35; MAD. Hes. O, D. 61 ; Phocyl. 2 ff. Hence man is called venXls Tl^e/jLtilncs' Callim. fr. Ixxxvii. R. ' No parents to teach them wicked- ness.' s. 232 ff. 14. ' Perhaps; but Jupiter so soon commenced his profligate career, that it is doubtful.' L UB. 15. Then began the silver age: LUB. sub Jove mimdus erat; subiit argentea -proles, atiro deterior: Ov. M. i, 114 f; Tib. i, 3, 49ff. R. [" The humour liere would appear much more natural and unforced to a people that saw every day some or other statue of this god with a thick bushy beard, as there are still many of them extant at Rome, than it can to us who have no such idea of him ; especially if we con- sider there was in the same city a tem- ple dedicated to the young Jupiter, called tcmplum Vcrjovis, where in all probability, there stood the particular statue of a Juppiter imberbis, Ov. F. iii, 7." ADD, R. p. 100.] 16. For as soon as he was an adult, he was an adulterer, s. 69; xiii, 41; 58. R. Our author treats the vices and follies of the popular deities with as little ceremony as those of Nero or Domitian or any other object of his abhorrence. GIF. i 7. ' Before perfidy and perjury were common.' PRA. The Greeks of that day were a most degenerate race : iii, 58-125; xiv, 240; Cic. pro Flacc. for at onetime' Attic faith' was proverbially as good, as Punic faith' was bad. V. SAT. VI. OF JUVENAL. '207 Caulibus aut poniis et apeito viveret horto. Paulatim deinde ad superos Astraea recessit 20 Hac comite atque dua) pariter fugere sorores. Antiquum et vetus est, alienum, Postuiue, lectum Concutere atque saeri genium conteranere fulcri. Omne aliud crimen mox ferrea protulit aetas : Viderunt primes argentea saecula moechos. 25 Conventum tamen et pactum et sponsalia nostra Tempestate paras, jaraque a tonsore magistro Pat. ii, 23; Plaut. Asin. i, 3, 4". The word paratis also denotes the levity with which they regarded the solemn obligation of an oath. s. Sen. Helv. 10; and xiii, 90 ff. R. The Greeks introduced forms of swearing not only by Jove, thence called ogxtos, but by other deities, and also by their own bead or that of others: like Ascanius, " per capnf hoc Juro, per quod pater ante solebat ;" Virg. JE. ix, 300. PRA. MAD. The custom of swearing by the life of another, is an Asiatic one, and probably originated in the first great monarchies. GIF. [Genesis xlii, 15 : s. Eur. Cy. 262-272.] 18. ' Honesty was great and tempt- ation little.' /?. Afterwards gardens were enclosed, and Priapus placed in them as a protector. GRA. Tib. i, 3, 43 f; Plin. xix, 4; R. Calp. i, 37 f. HEI. Viveret agrees with f/uisf/ue, which is often implied although a negative, as }ie?7to, may precede : suasit ne se moveret et exspectaret ; C. Nep. xviii, 6. n. 1 9. Vieta jacet Pietas : et virgo caide madentes, iillima cwlestum, terras As- treea reliqiiit; Ov. M. i, 149 f. LUB. The daughter of Jupiter and Themis, and goddess of justice. PRA. On re- tiring to heaven, she was translated into the sign of Virgo, and her balance became Lihrn. MAI). Janus says " Tunc ego regnnliftni, patirns rum term deorum essel et hinnnuis uumiua misla locis : nonduni Ji/stitiam fncinus vuirtnle fiignrat : ultima de superis ilia rclif/uit fii/Tnum;" Ov. F. i, 247 ff; Virg. G. ii, 473 f; //. [;F,. viii, .326. Quarle.s E. i, ir».] 20. SfO Pi/dnr rf .fiis/itia soror in- rorriipta I'idcs ninlaifiir Vrritnn; Hor. Od. i, 24, (i f. I'UA. ' With her for a companion :' a.(ava. 'Ai?»' rouTov xara- XiTui Tfl» /3i'«»' yiya-fitiKa. ya^ auro;, S;a rooTO ^rJivoii tis ^'iXu-yoi uuTov lu^aXiTs yag T^ctywiTu* ou Ki^UKO*. ovV hlyaiov, oui' Aiywrrtoy. ev Tut TfiiaKCVT OUK aVoWurai toik tXci- dgia- yrtfiiti S' euSf t'i c'laaaff oXui' iVIenand. and xaxos^ xaxus a,v'(>>oiff. offTie ytnatKO. Iiuripoi 'iyttftt r«» yaff vpurc* ovK tocj xxxai o fiiv yci^ nv an:pos , oif^ai, tou xaxou o V, oJot nv yvvvt Kctxii, ?/.)] xxxiv, 54. a. During the above in- terval, only the greater s-cenic games were suspended. ACH. The Circensian Games in honor of Ceres were a p a- trician festival, s. Ov. F. iv, 353; Gell. ii, 24; xviii, 2. HS. Tristes ' victims of ennui.' 70. ' The tragic mask' was the in- ventioD of iEschvlus. Hor. A. P. 278 ; PRA. iii, 175. R. ' The spear wreathed with vine- leaves' was one of the insignia borne b_v the votaries of Bacchus ; to whom the drama was originally sacred. PRA. Hor. A. P. 277. R. This ' girdle' was a pair of sliort drawers (Tifi'?pia ; X, 220. Ii. A similar story is told of Alcinoe and Xanthas; Par- then. Erot. 27. HNN. The elopement of Ilippia could not have taken place much later tlian the middle of Do- mitian's reign, about which time this Satire was compo.'sed. Paris, who is mentioned in 87, was put to death not long after ; and the pantoniimiu per- formers (here spoken of as the minions of the ladies) were ignominiously driven from the city. G II'. Ludiiis originally was limited to the significatiiiii of 'a stage-player:' but afierw.-irds it became the properappella- lioii of ' a gladiator.' .S'A/. s. 104. Lu- •216 THE SATIRES SAT. VI. Prodigia ct mores Urbis damnanti" Canopo. 85 Iinincnior ilia doimis ct conjugis atquc sorovis Nil ])atria' indulsit, })loraiUcs(]ue inipvoba natos, I'tqiio magis stu]K'as, ludos Paridemque reliquit. Scd (iuain(|uain in luagnis opibiis phiniaquc paterna Et scgmentatis dorinissct pavvula cunis, 90 Contemsit pelagus : faniain contcrnserat olim, Cujus apud inolles minima est jactura calhedras. Tynhenos igitur fluctus lateque sonantem Pertulit Ionium constanti pcctore, quamvis Mutandum toties esset mare. Justa pcricli 95 Si ratio est ct honesta, liment pavidoque gelantur dhim is here a spondee by ffvy'i^viris, as in xi, 20; s. iv, 37; R. and iii, 7(J. 83. Pharos was a small island in the bay of Alexandria on which stood the celebrated light-house built by Sostra- tus, and accounted one of the seven wonders of the world. LUB. PR A. R. Either ' infamous' on account of the dissolute manneis which prevailed there; as famosus Canopus; xv, 46; or ' famous,' R. as Jerusalem is called famosa urbs; Tac. H. v, 2. Alexandria was made the seat of government when Egypt, after the dis- memberment of the erapird of Alexander the great, was erected into an inde- pendent kingdom by Ptolemy Lagus founder of the Macedonian dynasty. Sch. LUB. Sil. i, 196. R. 84. Prodigia (iv, 97;) et mores, ?v J/a iuiiTt. R. s. 285. ' Even Caiiopus;' i, 26. PRA. 86. ' She showed no regard.' !'RA. 87. What can mark more strongly the madness of Hippia in setting a higher value on the Cireensian games than on every thing which she ought to hold most dear, and that of the Romans in being so devotedly fond of these amusements? iii, 223; x, 81 ; xi, 53. LUB. PRA. R. Paris was a celebrated pantomimic actor, who continued a great favourite with Domitian,till the empress Domitia became enamoured of him ; upon which, he wa-! put to death. Sch. vii, 87 fF; Suet, xii, 3 ; 10 ; D. Cass. Matt, xi, 14. There was another famous actor of the same name, whom Nero put to death. Suet, vi, 54; Tac. An. xiii, 20; 22; 27. PRA. 88. i, 159; Ov. M. vii, 62 ff. R. 89. 'The cradle' was either (1) 'de- corated with fringe.' Sch. ii, 124. LUB. R. Or (2) ' inlaid with tessellated wood,' or (3) ' veneered with tortoise- shell.' 80. FRA. R. 91. ' The loss of reputation never gives noble ladies the slightest concern.' T. [" Many of their ladies and daugh- ters, to the intent to maintaine them- selves according to their dignities, pros- titute their bodies in shameful! man- ner;" Sir F. Grevill, Lord Brook, The Five Yeares of K. lames, p. 4.] Jacfina [ixfioXn- the metaphor is from a ship in a storm.] These ' soft chairs' are either those in which they usually sat, or those in which they were carried when they went out. r. L. FAR. i, 65; PRA. ix, 52; MAD. Mart, iii, 63, 7; xii, 38, 1. • 92. ' The Tuscan or Lower Sea.' LUB. [BY, on H. 0. v, 10, 19. K.] 93. ' The Ionian Sea' lies between Sicily and Crete. L UB. As sonantem is masculine. Ionium must ngree with sinum, as Imiins udo rcmugiens si7ii/s Noto, Hor. Ep. 10, 19 ; orjluctiim, BY. or ponfinn, as the Greeks call it rov 'liviov, viz. revrtii: R. ihut^ ^Egaus; Claud. XX, 334. HEL 94. ' So often' viz. the Tuscan, the Ionian, the ^Egean. Sch. 95. Timent gelanturque, ' they are frozen with fear.' R. See note on i, 166. SAT. VI. OF JUVENAL. •21: Pectore nee tremulis possunt insisteie plantis : Fortem animum praestant rebus, quas turpiter audent. Si jubeat conjux, durum est conscendere navim, Tunc sentina gravis, tunc summus vertitur aer : 100 Quae moeclium sequitur, stomacho valet. Ilia marituni Convomit : haec inter nautas et prandet et errat Per puppem et duros gaudet tractare rudentes. Qua taiuen exarsit forma? qua capta juventa est.'' Hippia quid vidit, propter quod Ludia dici 105 Sustinuit? Nam Sergiolus jam radere guttur Coeperat et secto requiem sperare lacerto. Praiterea multa in facie defonnia, sicut Adtritus galea mediisque in naribus ingens Gibbus et acre malum semper stillantis ocelli. 110 Sed gladiator erat : facit hoc illos Hyacintlios ; Hoc pueris patriaeque, hoc prastulit ilia sorori Atque viro. Ferrum est, quod amant. Hie Sergius idem harhati and harhatuli ' young men or 97. viii, 165; MAD. s. 284 f ; Plaut. M. Gl. ii, 5, 54 ff. R. 98. ' How hard it is !' ironically. R. 99. ' The bilge-water is intolerable : the sky turns round and round;' i. e. ' she is sick and giddy.' LUB. 103. ' Her flame had neither beauty nor youth to recommend him.' LUB. 104. '"What did [Hippia (s. -viii, 96;)] see in him ?' Ludia [' Mrs Player,'] ' the fencer's trull.' GIF. 105. Diminutives are used as terms of endearment : teneo te meum pabtm- biilinii, meum passerculum ; Apul. FE. Till 454 Y. R. when P. Ticinius Maena introduced barbers from Sicily, the Romans wore their beards long, and hence are called intonni, harhati, and i-api/fali. iii, 186; iv, 103; v, ,30; vi, 26; xvi, 29; Hor. Od. i, 12, 41; ii, 15, 11 ; Tib. ii, 1,34; Varr.R.K. ii, 1J,10; Plin. vii,.59; Tac. An. xiv, 15. [(L.)] Their chins after this were trimmed, either by shaving, or by clip- l)ing. Plaut. Capt. ii, 2, 16. Young lads cherished their beards till the age of twenty-one, (Ov. A. A. i, 518 ff ; Mart, ii, .36, .'{ ff; August, de Civ. D. iv, I ;} when it wtis cut and consefrate; xiii, 58. Non- (litm harhnlus denotes ' a boy ;' 15 f ; harba denotes ' youth ;' 215 ; viii, 166 ; 2 the sign of which wa.s the wooden sword. lads,' xiii, 56 ; 58; who only cl ipped their beard, i, 25; x, 226"; till man- hood, or the age of forty, at which they began to shave: and this was the time of life ' little Sergius' had arrived at. Scipio Africauus was the tirst who shaved daily ; afterwards depilatory applications were invented: ii, 107; Tac. An. xiv, 15; Gell. iii, 4; Plin. vii, 59. R. FE. LUB. 106. ' From having been almost dis- abled by a cut in his arm, he was not without hopes of obtaining his dis- charge :' being presented with a Sch. LUB. 107. ' For instance,' R. 108. ' Galled with his helmet,' MAD. viii, 203. R. 109. 'A wen,^ MAD. occasioned by fretjuent blows. LUB. " And sharp rheum trickled from his blood-shot eyes." GIF. 110. ' The only recommendation he had was the being a gladiator.' ' All that is lovely.' JIi/acin//ufsv;na beloved by Apollo, who aecidintally killed him, and changed him into a flower of the same name. Ov. M. x, 162 If. PRA. 'J"li\is l'roiiii:tlieus is used for ' a cunning artificer;' iv, 133. R. 112, • 'Tis the steel they love.' [9. V 218 THE SAT1UI<:S SAT. VI. Accepta nulo ca^pisset Veiento vidori. Quid privata douuis, quid lecerit llipi)ia, curas ? 1 15 Rcs])ifo vivales divoruni ; Claudius audi Qua> tuleiit. Doiniirc virum (puun senscrat uxor; Ausa Palatino Icgcteni ])iicrerrc cubili, Sumere nocturuos uicretrix Augusta cucullos, Linqucbat comite ancilla nou amplius una, 1*20 Sed nigrum flavo crineui abscondente galero. Intravit caliduni vetcri ccntonc lupanar 253. The unfeniinine chaiacter of this propensity is the more evident, yvvh ya^ / Kcci a'iS»jov iiro^xv Kur. M. 'J(i5 f.] FdiisliiKi the eUler, wife of M. An- toninus Pius, Faiisdnu tl'.e younger, wife of M. Aurelius Antoninus, and Lucilla, the wife of L. Aurelius Verus, amongst others, degraded themselves by setting their atfections on gladiators. GRA. ACIL 113. See vi), 171. R- Horace uses this metaphorically, spcctatum salis, et donatum jam rude, fj/tceris, Mcecenas, iterum antiquo me includere hido ; Ep. i, 1,2 f.PRA. 114. ' Dost thou feel concerned?' PRA. ' Private' persons w^ere so called as distinguished from the magistrates ; i, 16; and, under the imperial government, from the emperors; iv, 66 ; xii, 107. R. 115. The emperors themselves may be called ' rivals of the gods :' or as the word ' rivals' generally denotes ' competitors in love,' (Ov. A. A. iii, 563; 593; &c;) it may signify ' those who intrigued with empresses,' the emperors themselves being called divi because it was the practice to deify them after death. Sch. FE. 116. ' His wife Messalina.' Sch. x, 331 ff ; Suet, v, 26; 29 ; 36 f; D. Cass. Ix, 14 tf ; Aur. Vict. CiPs. 4 ; R. Tac. An. xi, 12; 26; .30; FE. Plin. x, 63 s 83. PRA. 117. 'To the imperial chamber in the palace.' FAR. LUB. s. Mart, xiv, ]47. HNS. ' A coarse mattress.' Sch. v, 8. R. 118. Et is omitted. The omission of the conjunction is common in Juvenal, and id sometimes awkward, as in 604; viii, 27; xii, 46 f. li. ' The imperial harlot:' Augusta was the empress's title. MAD. Thus Cleo- patra is called mcrctrix regiiia ; Prop, iii, 11, 39 ; Plin. ix, 35 s 58. R. ' A hood' or ' calash,' which she wore to conceal her face. LUB. viii, 145; PRA. iii, 170. MNS. 119. ' She left her sleeping husband.' UG.SAB. ' She look but one attendant, that she might not be suspected of being a lady of rank, and that her depraved conduct might be known but to one confidante.' SVL. Hor. S. ii, 7, 53; Suet, vi, 26; iv, 11 ; viii, 12 PRA. 120. " Her dark hair conceal'd Be- neath a yellow tire :" not only as a more effectual disguise; but because courtezans at Rome, if nature had not favoured them with auburn tresses, wore false hair of a golden hue ; since that was the favourite colour, (s. Mart. V, 68.) This fashion was borrowed from the Greeks : and the consequence was that matrons were equally anxious to havndrirk hair: [s. L, on T. G. 4;] vtJv 5' 'ijf a-r tuKut rZvii, riiv yvvuTKee yu^ rriv (Tuiip^ov ou ^iT ras I'^ixa,; ^ayias voiiiV Menami. fr. GIF. Sch. Serv. FE. ga- lerus ' a wig ;' gausape, Pers. iv, 37 ; vi, 46 ; femina cunifiem Germanis inficit herbis, et melior vcro qita'ritur arte color, femina procedit densisshna criiiibus emtis, proquc suin alios ejjiicit eere iuos; Ov. A. A. iii, 163-166; s. V, 115; xi, 164. jR. 121. ' Warm from Lycisca's having but just left it;' FAR. or ' which had nothing but the old patch-work quilt to keep it warm.' MNS. ' The stews' at Rome were construct- ed in the form of a gallery, along which were ranged, on each side, a number of contiguous cells, or little chambers ; SAT. VI. OF JUVENAL. 219 Et cellam vacnam atque suam. Tunc nuda papillis Coiistitit auratis, titulum mentita Lyciscee, Ostenditque tuum, generose Britannice, ventrem. 125 Excepit blanda intrantes atque an'a poposcit Et resupina jacens multorum absoibuit ictus. Mox, lenone suas jam dimittente puellas, Tristis abit et, quod potuit, tanien ultima cellam Clausit, adhue ardens rigida3 teiitigine vulvae, 1.^0 Et lassata viris nee dum satiata recessit Obscurisque genis turpis fumoque lucernse Fceda lupanavis tulit ad pulvinar odorem. Hippomanes carmeuquc loquav coctumque venenuni GIF. like the arrangement in the wards at Greenwich Hospital or at Bedlam. 122. ' Left vacant for her own use.' SG. s. jurat cnpillos esse, guos eniit, sxos Fabulla, ni/nif/iuil, PauUe, peje- rat? nego. Mart, vi, 12. Nuda; s. xi, 170; R. ii, 71 ; oxnuila papillis, as turpis genis ; 131. 123. ' She took herstation.' The sim- ple verb is used; [x, 239;] xi, 170; Claud, xix, 95; but prustare is more common; i,47; iii, 65 ; ix, 24. R. ' Gilded ;' Juvenal is to be under- stood literally. The papillae were covered with gold leaf; a species of ornament which is used by many of the dancing- girls and privileged courtezans of the East, to this day. GIF. Over the door of each cell was written ' the name' and terms of the tenant; who ' stood' at the entrance, soliciting the preference of the visitors. Messalina had probably engaged ' Lycisca' to give up her apartmeut, as being one that was much resorted to. GIF. FAR. PR A. Sch. LUB. inscriptce limiiia cellce ; Mart, xi, 46, I ; Sen. Contr. i, 2; s. viii, lOH. R. Lyci.sra is mentioned by Martial, iv, \7,'\.PRA. 124. Matroner nnstrte ne arliilferis (fuitlcm plus siii in euhirulo, • tut u n t; Sen. de lien, vii, 9 t'nd ; sub clam mtda lueerna; Hor. S. ii, 7, 48. R. See ii, 145. ' The womb that gave birth to a prince of the blood.' R. liri- (anriifus wa« the acknowledged Hon of f'lauiliufl by Messalina. Tac. xiii. Un- less we are to take the epithet ironically on accountof his mother's infamous cha- racter. PRA. L UB. 125. ' To pass the better for what she pretended to be, LUB. she' " Allured the passers by with many a wile, And ask'd her price, and took it with a smile." GIF. 126. ' And submitted to the embraces of many visitors.' 127. ' The man who kept the stews;' which were closed at midnight : LUB. the ninth (Pers. i, 133;^ hour was the time, at which they were opened. GRA. s. note on i, 127. 128. " Yet what she could, she did." GIF. 129. ' Still burning with the excite- ment of violent lust.' 130. " With strength exhausted, but unsated fires." GIF. 131. " Cheeks rank with poisonous dews, The steam of lamps." GIF. ni- gra forniris olilitus favilla ; Sen. in Priap. R- This line may be another instance of 2y S/a ^uo7v. 132. Redules ndliiic fuliginew furni- cis; Sen. Contr. i, 2 end. R. ' To her imperial consort's bed.' LUB. 133. 'l-rxefia)ii( signified three things, (1) 'An Arcailiaii herb, which drives horses irad if they taste it.' Tlieocr. ii, 48 f. (2) ' A lump of flesh on the fore- head of a foal just born.' Sfc note on (JlG; Virg. JY,. iv, 510 f; aiuoris vr/ic- Jieium ; Plin. viii, 42 s 66. (3) ' A hu- mour which runs from mares.' Plin. xxviii, 11 8 80; Icntnm virus, i/iniil SfTpe vinliv Irgrre tiorrrciv, rniacvrrutit- •2'2() THE SATIRES SAT. VI. Privignoque datum ? Faciunt graviora coactae 135 Iiupcrio sexus iiiiiiinmnujuc libidinc peccant. " Optima sed quaro Cosennia teste mavito ?" Bis quingcnta dedit ; tanli vocat ille pndicam, Nee Veneris phaictris macer est aut hunpade fervet : Inde faces ardent; vcniunt a dote sagitta). 140 Libertas emituv: coram licet innuat alque qjK herhas et non itnuKria verba ; Virg. G. iii, 280 fi'; Ov. A. A. i, 8, 8 ; Tib. ii,4, .58; Prop, iv, 5, 18; ^lian. de Anim. xiv, 18. fRA. R. ' The magic spell.' Virg. E. viii, 64 to the end. LUB. <■ Mixed with food ;' L UB. or ' boiled down to increase its strength.' MAD. s. Suet, vi, 33; Liv. vi i, 18. PRA. 134. ' Sometimes out of incestuous love, (such as Pluedra entertained for Hippolytus,) sometimes out of hatred:' PRA. or ' to remove him out of the way of their own children.' s. 628 ; MAD. Virg. G. ii, 128; iii, 282 (quoted above) ; Hor. Od. iii, 24, 17 f ; Ep. 5, 9 ; Ov. Met. i, 147 ; (quoted in the note on i, l-')8); "Tac An. xii, 2; l^ffia ya^ ri 'tnovira fji.nr^via, TiKvoii co6f/.iiioi' aZrai S' a^iKoiKrai xce) v^oi!SyKa>^ovff' in. cat OVK l^pfi' ci^^oviriv, ut o' a^^tiv ixi*>* afiiXou- atv iTio^xouiriV ai/hl 2v xaxov 'i^ouffi, xai xoL/jLtiiv xiyouirn iKaffTOTf Alexis in Ath. xiii, 1 ; [or 7, yr)S;i -rUm, t>i» yvvalxa rrXouariav Xajieut, 'ix^t ^iWoivay, oil yuvaix' 'irf Anaxandr. in .^toh. On the other hand, among the Scythians and Geta;, non regit v'lrum dotata con/iid' ; Hor. Od. iii', 24, 19. R. 'J he high-spirited barbarians of ihe north could not brook the idea of being dependent on their wives, and therefore would not receive any dowry with them : apiul Got/ios ?ion mulier viro, sed vir mulieri dote/n assiynat, ne conjiia', oh tiiagnitudinem dot is insulcscens, nli(/uando ex placida consorte pruterva evaded^ ntque in nia- ritiiin dominari contendat. GIF. s. Arist. Eth. viii, 10. 137. See note on i, 92 ; VRA. i, 106; ii, 117; MAD. x, 335. After the time of Augustus! this constituted a senatorial fortune, s. i, on Tac. An. ii, '>ifce mitle procos intacta fuyaret ; Stat. S. iii, 5, i ff; HEI. intactce Sabince; Prop, ii, 6, 21; s. Hor. Od. i, 7, 5 ; iii, 11, 10; S. i, 2, 54 ; Vir.'. M. i, 345 ; Calp. ii, 1 ; Eur. Hip. 1044. R. 164. Sabinae mulieres, (juarum ex injuria bellum ortum erat, c r in ibus pas s is,. . . .d i r i m e r e iitfcstas ucics, fyc; Liv. i, 13; LUB. Ov. F. iii, 201 ff. PRA. ' The war' between Romulus and Tatius. Scb. The Saliines weie a people of uncor- rupted morals, iii, 169; PRA. x,299; xiv, 180; Mart, i, 63, 1; ix, 41, 5; Liv. i, 18; Ov. M. xiv,797 ; Am. i,8, 39 f ; ii, 4, 15 ; iii, 8, 61 ; Hor. Ep. ii, 39 ff; Ep. ii, 1, 25. R. 165. Pers. i, 46; PRA. s. vii, 202. It. "A faultless monster, which the world ne'er saw ;" Sliellield, Essay on Poetry, 233. 166. ' Who will tolerate.'" 30. si 2-24 THE SATIRES SAT. VI. Male) \cnusiiKun, (luain tc, Cornelia mater GuACCiiORUM, si cum inagiiis virtutibus aflbrs Grande supeiciliuni et mimeras in dote triumphos. 170 Tulle luum, precov, Hannibalcni victinnque Sy])hacem In castris et cum tota Cartliagine migra. " Parce, precor, Paean, et tu, dea, pone sagittas ; Nil pueri faciunt, ipsani configitc matrem !" Aniphion clamat : sed Paean contraliit arcura. 175 Extulit ergo gregcs natoruni ipsumque parentem, Dum sibi nobilior Latouas geutc videtur rjiia voles apte nubere, nnhe pari ; Ov. Her. 9, 32 ; rhf nara iruvrov 'iXit' Suid. Plut. t. ii, p. 13, F ; Callim. Ep. xxxvii, in BC, An. t. i, p. 470. M. [s. Spectator No. 299.] Constarc ' to be at one and the same time.' s. Virg. JE. iii, 518. Sch. 167. 'A Venusian rustic' s. i, 51. PRA. This Cornelia was the daughter of P. Corn. Scipio Africanus, and the wife of Ti. Sempronius Gracchus, by whom she had twelve children. Plu- tarch (V. xxxix f ; s. ii, 24 ;) says she was fond of boasting of her father's victories over Hannibal and Syphax. So great was her hauglitiness, that when King Ptolemy made her an otter, after the death of her husband, she was seriously offended and rejected the al- liance with the utmost scorn. A brazen statue was erected to her memory in the public portico of Metellus with the above inscription; Plin. xxxiv, 6. Gracchorum eloquentia: imdtnm con- ftilisse accepiniKS Corneliam matron, ciijus doctissiinits nermo in postero.i 'jnoque est epistolistraditi/s ; Quint, i, 1 ; PRA. V. Max. iv, 4, 1 ; 6, 1 ; Sen, Cons, ad Marc. 16; Cic. Brut. 27. She was not the only disdainful dame of the Cornelian house. Prop, iv, 11. i2. 169. Sujjercit/i/m; ii, 15; v, 62. i?. ' If the triumphs of your house are to reckon as a dowry.' s. libertas emitnr, 140. LUB. ' 170. Scipio, with the aid of Masi- nissa, routed Asdrubal and Syphax, (who wa.s afterwards led by the Roman general in triumph,) and burnt both their camps in one night. Plor. ii, G; PRA. Liv. XXX, xvii, 8H ff. R. 1) ; 13; 17; Sij. 171. Carthage was destroyed by Scipio .(Emilianus, (Liv. Ii ; PRA.) who married Cornelia's daughter Sempro- nia. R. See 146. R. "Prithee tramp!" Boileau has imitated this passage very happily : " Ainsi done aii jjlAtot de- logennt de ces lieux, Allez, princesse, allez avec tons vos dieux, S/ir le pompeux debris des lances Espaynoles, Coiic/wr, si vous voulez, aitx champs de Cerizoles;" Sat. x, 479. GIF. 172. Niobe, the daughter of Tantalus, and wife of Amphion, the king of Thebes so celebrated for his minstrelsy, (Plin. vii, 56 ; Hor. A. P. 394 ; PRA.) proud of her numerous progeny, insulted La- tona; who was signally avenged by her divine offspring, for Apollo slew all the sons and Diana all the daughters of the Phrygian princess. Ov. M. vi, 146 ff; Zf/^. Cic. T.Q. iii, 63; Hor. Od. iv, 6, 1 ff; PRA. Hom. II. il 602 ff; Schol.Eur. Ph. 160ff;i2. Apollod. iii, 5,6. IZY. Pecan from traiiiv, or frauiiD ras aviat, Macr. S. i, 17. PRA. 173. ' No wrong.' GV. crimine quo parvi ccedempotiiere mereri ? Luc. ii, 108. Sch. [it Samuel xxiv, 17.] ' The mother, whose haughtiness I know, from sad experience, to be most insutt'erable ; and in mitigation ofwho.se punishment I have nothing to allege.' s. 169; 181 ff. X>/£). 174. " Apollo bends his bow.' GIF. 176. « She had to bury.' i, 72. PRA. ' The herd.' 161. The exact number is very doubtful : Gell. xx, 7; PRA. J¥A. V. H. xii, 36. LUB. vi;«;jA/wt destroyed himself. Ov. M. 271. SVL. 176. '■'■ Milii Tantalus auctor ; SAT. \l. OF JUVENAL. 2-25 Atque eadem scrofa Niobe fecundior alba. Quae tanti gravitas, quae forma, ut se tibi semper Imputet .? Hujus enim rari summique voluptas 180 Nulla boni, quoties animo corrupta superbo Plus aloes, quam mellis habet. Quis deditus autem Usque adeo est, ut non illam, quam laudibus effert, Horreat inque die septenis oderit horis ? Quaedam parva quidem, sed non toleranda maritis. 185 Nam quid rancidius, quam quod se non putat ulla Formosam, nisi quae de Tusca Graecida facta est ? De Sulmonensi mera Cecropis } Omnia Graece, tQuum sit turpe magis nostris nescire Latine.f Hoc sermone pavent, hoc iram, gaudia, curas, Pleiadum soror est genetrix mihi ; maximus Atlas est avus ;. . . .Jtippitcr alter arus : . .. .nescio qvoqiie aiukte satam Titanida Cceo Latonam pree- ferremihi-;' Ov. M. vi, 172 &c. PR A. 177. This ' famous white sow' (xii, 73 f ; R.) was found by jEneas nenr Lavinium, on the spot where AIha was afterwards built. Sch. Ridiculous as the incident is, it makes a con- spicuous figure in the ^neid, (iii, 390 ff; LUB. and viii, 43 flf ; MAD.) where it is given with wonderful gravity. (See Dionys. i. PRA.) Juvenal dis- regarded the anachronism and intro- duces ' the sow' merely to vex Domi- tian, who, being much attached to Alba and interested in its glory, might be mortified at having this idle story so often put forward in a ridiculous light. OW. GIF. 178. Gravitas ' propriety of con- duct:' si te delertat yravitas, Lucretia tijto sis licet usque die ; Mart, xii, 104, 21 f; [Spectator No. 306.] 179. Imputet; v, 14. ii. ' To make out that you are greatl)' indebted to her, for her condescending ho far as to become your wife.' MAD. 180. With nulla understand est. I'UA. Corrvpla, ' entirely spoilt.' 181. ' More of bitterness than sweet- ness.' Sch. I'lin.xxvii, 4 ; PRA. amor et melle et fi'llc est fei-undissimu s ; Plaut. Cist, i, 1, 71 ; i<. Claud, x, (J» f. KG. ' So devotedly uxoiiouH.'L VB. 20(J. R. 183. ' Seven hours a day,' i. e. ' more than half his time.' LUB. Pers. iii, 4. PRA. 184. Understand vitia sunt. R. 185. ' More nauseous.' GIF. Pers. i, 33 ; L UB. xi, 135 ; Plin. xxii, 22 end. R. 186. The Roman ladies were guilty of copiously interlarding their vernacular tongue with Greek words : a piece of affectation similar to that with which the British fair have been charged, of introducing French phrases upon all occasions. MAD. ' A Greek demoiselle:' contemptu- ously. PRA. iii, 58. R. [Hor. 0. iii, 10, 11 f.] 187. The inhabitants of Sulmo, a town of Pelignum, (the birthplace of Ovid, LUB.) spoke a provincial Latin dialect: the Cecropians, (ii, 92;) or people of Athens, made use of the purest and most elegant Greek. R. 188. ' Our countrywomen would blush to betray ignorance of Greek: they ought rather to feel ashamed that they know so little of tlitir native lan- guage.' ipsuiii Laline loqui est illud quidem in magna laude pnncnduni ; sed non tam sua sponle, quam quod est a plerisque negleclum, non enim tarn praiclarum est scire Latin e^ quam turpe nescire: ncque turn id mihi oratoris boni., quam civis Romani pro- prium videtur ; Cic. Brut. 37. FAR. The verse is probably spurious, and is omitted in some niss. BA. 189. ' They express their fears.' FAR. 2 a 2*2(j THE SATIRES SAT. VI. li)0 Hoc cuncta ctTuuduiit aniiui sccreta. Quid ultra ? Coucunibunt Grgoce. Dones tamen ista pucllis : Tune ctiam, quam sextus et octogesimus annus Pulsat, adl)uc Gra;ce .? Non est hie scrmo pudicus In velula. Quotics lascivum intervenit illud 195 ZI2H KAI *TXH? Modo sub lodice relictis Uteris in tnrba. Quod enini non cxcitet inguen . Vox blanda et nequam ? digitos habet. Ut tamen omnes Subsidant penna3, dicas haec mollius Ha^nio Quamquam et Carpophoro ; facies tua computat annos. 200 Si tibi legitimis pactam junctamque tabellis Non es amaturus, ducendi nulla videtur Causa; nee est, quare ccenam et mustacea perdas, Labente officio, crudis douanda ; nee illud, Quod prima pro uocte datur, quum lance beata 190. ' Nay more.' R. 191. * You may excuse such fooleries in girls.' LUB. 192. Senectus pulsat; Sidon. Ap. Ep. V, 9 ; Carm. ii ; Stat. Th. iv, 477. R. ' What ? thou too whom more than fourscore winters have buffeted and battered!' Compare also densis ictibus puUat; Virg. JE. \, 459 f ; Her. Od. i, 4, 13. 195. Cu7u tibi non Epkesos, nee sit Rhodos, out Mitijlenf;^ scd do/in/s in vim, Leelia, patricio, znH KAI H'TXH lascivum congeris usque, proli pudor ! Hersiliee civis ct Egerice; Mart, x, 68. ¥liA. ' Under the counterpane.' Mart. xiv, 148; PRA. s. vii, 66. With relictis understand verbis. LUB. 196. ' In company.' Sch. Ov. Am. iii, xiv, 7 If. JR. ' What passion would not the endear- ing and wanton expression excite.' Pers. i, 20 f; LUB. Mart, xii, 98, 8 ; nee blanda voces cessent nee improbu verba; Ov. A. A. iii, 795 f. R. 197. Kef/Ha?n; s. Gell. vii, 11 ; from Cic. Phil. vii. PRA. Digit OS liabet ' it is as bad as the touch.' MAD. Et would make the construction eajiier ; the sense is plain : ' Yet Cupid's wings would droop, however soft your tones and words; your wrinkles tell your agf ;' 651 ; X, 249 : tu licet et manibns blandi s et voc ib u s instes ; contra te fa cics imperiosa t u a est ; Mart, vi, 23, 3 f. R. Ilfvnuis and Carpop/iorus were actors who excelled in female characters from the softness of their voices. PRA. iii, 99. MAD. 200. Juvenal now reduces Ursidius to a dilemma; ' you must either love your future wife or not ; if you do, you will be led a life of slavery and misery ; if you do not, marriage will not augment your happiness, and you are incurring a great expense for nothing.' BRJ. Tabulce; ii, 119; R. see note on 25- 201. ' For taking to yourself a wife.' R. 202. ' Bride-cakes,' which were dis- tributed among the guests at their breaking up. ^ch. Mustaceos sic facito: fariaee siliyiricce niodium unum in usto cons]}ergito ; anisum, cumimmi, adipis p 11, casei libram, et de virga lauri de- radito, eodem addito; et ubi definxeris, lauri folia subtus addito, (/uum roques; Cato R. K. 121 ; Cic. Att. v, 20 ; t'RA. Plin. XV, 30. R. 203. ' Which you will have to dis- tribute among your friends, (who have done you the honour of waiting upon you at your wedding-feast,) before they have half digested what they have already crammed.' Sch. PRA. s. Mart, xiv, [1 &c;] PC, iv, 20 end. R. 204. A considerable sum of money SAT. VI. OF JUVENAL. 227 205 Dacicus et scripto radiat Germanicus auro. Si tibi simplicitas uxoria, deditus uni Est animus ; subniitte caput cervice parata Ferre juguui: nullam invenies, qua^ parcat amanti. Ardeat ipsa licet, tormentis gaudet amanlis 210 Et spoliis. Igitur longe minus utilis illi Uxor, quisquis erit bonus optandusque maiitus. Nil umquam invita donabis conjuge: vendes Hac obstante nihil ; nihil, ha3c si nolet, emetur. Haec dabit affectus : ille excludetur amicus was put into a plate, and presented by the bridegroom to the bride on the wedding-night as a sort of purchase of her person. Sch. This custom was not peculiar to Rome; it obtained among the Greek-; (og<'j/a» Si/aov) likewise, as among the Jews, and is found -among many eastern nations. (Tarkh. Heb. Lex. inn, No. 3.) It also prevailed under the name of Morgengabe, or ' morning present,' over a great part of the North of Europe {morgandca ; Legg. Longobard.) where some faint traces of it are still to be found : and something of the kind was customary in many parts of England, and perhaps is so still, under the name of' dovv-purse.' BR. PL A. MAD. GIF. Benla:: i, .39. R. 205. Juvenal enjoyed this allusion (see note on 1 77 ;) to Domitian's boasted victories in the J)aeian war, which was one of the most dishonourable circum- stances of his reign. He aspired to the conduct of it in person; and, as might have been anticipated, his eowyrdice kept him aloof from danger, and his voiujituousness ruined the discipline of tlie carnp: thus every tiling went on ill under his aupices. Hapjiily fur the army, lie left it at last, having pre- viously despatched his laurelled let- ters to Rome; where the obsequious senate decreed tliat medals should be struck, and st.itms raised to commemorate his success; and that he should come among them at all times in triumphal robes. GIF. HJIi. Suet. x,2; 6; 13; Tac. Agr. :j!> ff; Mart, ii, 2; viii, 2G ; (J5; Stat. S. i, 1 ; 2, 180 f; iv, 1,2; 2, (JG f. R. Under^itand nu)nus, which took its name from the person represented thereon, as Philippus and Darius; Auson. Ep. V ; and xvi ; Jacobus, Louis dor, Napoleon, ])]iciuui ? Quis testis adest t Quis detulit ? Audi. Nulla uniquani de niorte hominis cunctatio longa est. " O demens, ita servus homo est ? Nil feeerit, esto : Hoc volo, sic jubeo, sit pro ratione voluntas." luiperat ergo viro ; sed mox haec regna relinquit 2-25 Perumtatque donios et flamca conlerit : inde Advolat et spreli repetit vestigia lecti. whom you are to like and whom you are to dislike.' MAD. ' Will be shut out' of your house. LUB. Ov. A. A. iii,587 f. 215. 'Whose beard:' see note on 105. R. 21 G. * While pimps, fencing-masters, (iii, 158; PEA.) and even prize- fighters' " Have power to will their fortunes as they please, She dictates thine, and impudently dares To name thy very rivals for thv heirs." GIF. 217. ' The arena,' (ii, 144; PRA.) [for ' the ampitheatre,' W, and that] for ' the combatants in the amphi- theatre.' LUB. 218. See 115. Literally 'persons living on the opposite banks of the same river.' SVL. 219. A pithy dialogue now follows, showing the high hand with which she carries her arbitrary measures. Crucifixion, as is well known, was the peculiar punishment of slaves, I. and the lowest malefactors, s. Cic."V err. V, 6 ; R. (xiii, 105; Sen. Cons, ad Marc. 20; de V. B. 19.) It was abolished by Constantine on his con- version. PRA. The husband mildly ventures to sug- gest, that it might be humane, at least, to have legal evidence of the culprit's guilt. BR. 'What is the charge.^ What is the evidence ? Who laid the information?' LUB. s. 552 ; x, 69 f. The following piece of advice is among D. Cato's wise sayings : ni/ temere uxnri de terms crede querenti; Dist. iv, 45. R. 220. ' Hear all there io to he said,' or ' what he has to say for himself.' R. audi alteram partem. 221. Among the Romans the exe- cution of offenders was delayed, by de- crees of the senate, for ten days. PRA. potest eiiim pie pavorc pro- niissa evolvit; Sil. iii, 215 i ; xvi, 432. HS. 239. See xiv, 2;J ff. R. ' Do you expect forsooth P' 75; ii, 104. R. 240. ' Lucrative :' the old beldame makes money by it. R. 241. ' To" bring forth;' viii, 271 ; Cic. "Verr. i, 12; Sil. i, 112; or ' to bring up;' xiv, 228 ; Plaut. Asin. iii, 1, 40 ; Bac. iii, 3, 51 ; ii. or ' to prosti- tute ;' Sch. "^or ' to bring out. 'J KaKov xoQUKes xkkb* ait. L UB. 242. ' Where a woman has not a finger in the pie.' 243. ' If she be not defendant, .she will be plaintiff".' MAD. Manilia. There was a common wo- man of this name, who was prosecuted for wounding a maf/istrate with a stone : G.'I1. iv, ).1_; PR A. V. Max. viii, 3; aurai aiiKauteu xai tr^ortyKaXovf in' Alex, fju'ited at J3(>. /{. 244. ' They draw up and frame in- dictments without any help from the attorney.' LUB. In our civil-law courts the term libellus is still in use, and answers to ' a declaration' at com- mon law, which contains tlie complaint. MAD. 245. ' Both the exordium and the topics to be used ;' LUB. or ' the title and section of the law on which the stress of the action rests :' PLA. ' both chapter and verse,' as we say. A. Corn. Cclsus, who died in the reign of Tiberius, left behind him seven books of Institutes. Sch. He also wrote both on rural and military affairs : but he is best known as a physician. Quint, xii, ult. PRA. It is customary with our author to give the name of some well-known professor of a former age to some contemporary master of the art. GIF. There was also a P. Ji/ventius Celsus, who was pratr r (854 y.k.) under Trajan, and consul for the second time (882 Y.R.) under Hadrian. He was an eminent lawyer, and wrote Commen- taries, and Books of Letters, Digests, and Questions. His father bore the same name, and is occasionally men- tioned in the Digests. GRA. HEI. R. ' To dictate' as a master to his scholar. R. s. V, 122. 246. See i, 23; iii, 68 ; 103. T. SM. Out of Tanity they had these rugs lined with purple silk. FE. i, 27; PRA. iii, 283. R. From the epithet Jemitieiitn, we may suppose that they used a more delicate unguent than the common gladiators. 247. Aidiqni ud palos exercebant tironcx: scuta dc fimine in modum SAT. M. OF JUViiNAL. 231 Quern cavat adsiduis sudibus scutoque lacessit Atque omnes implet uumeros, dignissima prorsus 250 Florali matrona tuba ; nisi si quid in illo crativm corrotnndata texelant, ita ut duplum pondus cratis haberet, qunm scutum publicum habere consnevit : iidemque c lavas ligneas, dupli ceque ponderis^ pro gladiis tironibus dabant. palorum aufem nsusnon solum mililibns, sed etium gladiator ibiis plurimum prodest. a sinrjulis tironibus singuli pali defigebantur in terram, ita ut nu- tare non possent et sex pedibiis emi- nerent. contra ilium palu m, tamquam contra adversarium, tiro cum crate ilia et clava velut cum gladio se exercebat et scuta; ut nunc quasi caput aut faoium peteret : in qua mcdiiatione ser- vabatur ilia cautela, ut ita tiro ad in- ferendnm vulnus insurgeret, ne qua parte ipse pateret ad plagam ; Veget. i, 11. LUB. R. The words sudes ' stakes' (iv, 128 ;) and rudes ' wooden foils' are sometimes confounded. Probably rudib u s is the correct reading here. Suh. L. vibrare sudem; Sil. viii,554; i, 321 ; s. Liv. xl, 6; 9; xxvi, 51 f; Ov. A. A. ill, 515; Veget. ii, 43; Prop, vi, 1, 29; vectes) Veget. i, 9; va^SriKis ^a^^uf Xen. Cyr. ii, 3 ; 17 8"; -R. ED. Ov, F. ii, 367. HS. 249. ' Goes through all the move- ments of the exercise,' MAD. or ' per- forms the whole exercise with precision at the word of command.' LUB. s. Plin. Ep. ix, 38; Pan. 71; Cic. Div. i, 13. R. 250. ' The trumpet which assembled (iii, 34 f ;) the courtezans at the festival of Flora.' Lactant. i,20; LUB. Pers. V, 178; Ov. F. V, 183-378; PRA. V. Max. ii, 10, 8 ; Sen. Ep. 97 ; Plin. xviii, 29; Varr. L. L. iv, 10; vi, 3; R. Bee also x, 214 ; Virg. M. v, 113. L. The Floraliu were first sanctioned by the government, in the consulship of Claudius Centho and Semproiiius Tudi- tanus, (513 y.r.) out of the fines then exacted for trespasses on the grounds belonging to the people: (this is Ovid'a story:) even then, th< y were only oc- casional; but about eighteen years after- wards, on account of the unfavourable spring, the senate decreed that they ahouid be celebrated annually, a-t the most effectual method to propitiate the goddess of the season. They probably had their rise in a very remote age, and, like the Lupercalia, were the un- couth expressions of gratitude of a rude and baibarous race, handed down by tradition, adopted by a people as yet but little refined, and finally, degene- rating into licentiousness amidst the general corruption of manners. These games were celebrated on the last day of April, and the first and second day of filay ; and with an indecency hardly credible amongst civilized people. The lowest women appeared upon the stage, and exhibited a variety of obscene dances, feats of agility, &c. These miserable wretches assembled at the sound of a trumpet ; and the leader of this immodest band must have certainly required all the impudence, and all the profligacy, which Juvenal sees in his female fencer. The people claimed a privilege of calling upon them, to strip themselves ; which was regularly done with immense applause ! Val. Maxi- mus says, that wlien Cato once hap- pened to be present at these games, the spectators were ashamed to call upon the ladies as usual. Cato, who seems to have expected it, asked his friend Favorinus, why they delayed ; and was answered, oiiC of respect to him ; upon which he immediately left the theatre, to the great joy of the people, who pro- ceeded to inderanif)' themselves for their reluctant forbearance. Martial has an epigram on this anecdote, in which he puts a very pertinent question : " Why," says he to Cato, " since you knew the nature of these games, did you go into the theatre? was it merely that you might come out again !"' By the way, among many other puzzling circum- stances in the Roman history, how are we to account for the high character which Cato obtained from his country- men. A parent without affection, a husband without attachment, a master without humanity, and a republican without political honesty, he has yet come down to us, as one of the most virtuous men r)f his age ! In his actions, there would seem little more thaiv proofs 23'J THE SATIRES SAT, VI. I'ectore plus agitat vencquo jjuratur areuae. (^uem pra>stare potest imilicr galeata pudorem, Qiue i'ugit a sexu ? Vires ainat. Ha;c tanien ipsa Vir nollet fieri: nam (piantula nostra voluptas ? ^2od (Jiiale decus rerum si conjugis auctio fiat? Jialteus et nianic;v et crista; crurisquc sinistri Diuiidium tegiuien ; vel, si diversa movcbit Proelia, tii I'elix, ocreas vendente puella. Ila? sunt, qua; tenui sudant in cyclade, quarum 2C)0 Delicias et panniculus bombycinus urit. Adspicc, quo fremitu monstratos perferat ictus of a hard heart, a wily head, and an impudence that would have sc-andalized a Cynic. GIF. [s. also J. Earl of Orrery, L. xiii, p. 167 f.] The word ' matron' is used with in- dignation. R. Nisi si; Ov. Her. 4,111. HS. ' Un- less she meditates some more masculine feat.' Mart. Sp. vi. PBJ. 2.52. ' What sense of shame can there be in a woman, who is so for- getful of her sex as to assume the helmet?' MAD. [Heraldry does not allow ladies either helmets or crests.] 253. ' Robust and manly exercises.' LUB. [s. 112.] 254. ' How little is our pleasure in comparison with theirs!' Ov. M. iii, 320 ff; BRO. s. xi, 166 f; Ov. A. A. i, 342; Prop, iii, 19. R. 255. ' Of your wife's wardrobe.' 256. These arms are those of the Samnite, according to Livy ; dxo exer- citus erant : scuta alterius aaro^ alte- riits argenfo ceelavenint : spongia pcc- tori fegumentum(\.e. battens); et si- nistruin crus ocrea tectum; galea cristatae, rjuee speciem magtii- tudini corporian adderent ; tunicae (this is tlje reading here according to Scb.) auratis militibus versicolores, ar- gentatis tinteee candidce. (And after the slau^'hter of the Samnites) Rtnuani ad honorem deiim insignibus annis hostiinn iisi sunt: Cnwpnni, nb su- perbia et odio Samnitium, gladiatores eo ornatii ariunrnnt Samnit i tinifjue nomine coin peltarunt; Liv. ix,40. Per- haps nianicee may mean ' sleeved tunics,' which would be better suited to women. Gell. vii, 12; Suet, i, 45; tunica; inanicas habent; Virg. M. ix, 616. The retiarii wore only a tunic: s. ii, 143; viii, 200-208 ; and note on 263. R. ' The left leg' was advanced when they fought, and but half-covered with a plute of iron, both that it might be less cumbrous and because the rest of the leg was protected by the shield. LUB. Macr, S. v, 18. Virgil on the contrary, describes the Hernici as hav- ing the right leg protected and the left bare; JE. vii, 689 f. PRA. 257. ' If your young wife (ii, 59;) engages as a retiarius or secutor., you may think yourself a lucky fellow, for she will then have a pair of boots to sell.' Sch. LTJB. PRA. R. 259. ' In a thin muslin frock.' LUB. It had a border of gold: Prop, iv, 7, 40; Virg. JE. i, 649. R. India muslin has a golden selvedge. 260. ' To whose charms even a thin silken half-handkerchief is insupportably hot.' Sch. s. i, 27-29; ii, 65 ff; viii, 101. R. 261. See 267; and viii, 200 ff; R. vir fortis ingemiscit, ut se intendat ad firmitatem ; ut in stadia cnrsores ex- clamant., quam maxime possunt : fa- ciunt idem, quum exercentur., athletes: pugiles vera, etiam quum feriunt ad- versarium, in jactandis ccestibus inge- jniscunt; non, quod doleant animove succu7nbant, sed quia projundenda voce omne corpus intenditur, venitque plaga vehementior; Cic. T. Q. ii, 23 sq. PRA. " Mark, with what force, as the full blow descends, She thunders hah!" GIF. Buchanan has a Latin epigram on this subject. SAT. VI. OF JUVENAL. 233 Et quanto galeae curvetur pondere, quanta Poplitibus sedeat, quam denso fascia libro, Et ride, scaphium positis quum suiiiitur arrais. 265 Dicite vos neptes Lepidi caecive Metelli, Guigitis aut Fabii, qute ludia sumserit umquam Hos habitus r quando ad palum gemat uxor Asyli ? Semper habet lites alternaque jurgia lectus, In quo nupta jacet: minimum dormilur in illo. 270 Tunc gravis ilia viro, tunc orba tigride pejor. Quum simulat gemitus occulti conscia facti Aut odit pueros aut ficta pellice plorat, Uberibus semper lacrumis semperque paratis ' Which she has been shown by her fencing-master.' Sch. ' She thrusts home.' PBA. 263. " How close tuclced up for fight, behind, before." GIF. Fascia ' a roll of clothes (s. Mart, vii, 66, 4;) in a thick mass.' FRA. 264. Plaut. Bac. i, 1, 35 ff. ' You will laugh to find what a mistake you had made with regard to the sex of the combatant.' The scaphhnn was an oblong ' pot' used by women ; Mart, xi, 12, 26 ; that which men used was called lasanum. R. 265. ' High-born dames now assume a garb and play a part which a gladi- ator's wife or an actriess would once have been ashamed of.' Sch. LUB. M. ^'Em. Lepithi.1, censor 5S4 y. r twice consul, chief poniff, and print e of the senate One of the second tri- umvirate and many consuls bore the same name. LUIi. PRA. Me f dim; iii, 1.38 f. LUB. 266. Q. or M. Fah. Gurges, (son oi Fah. Max. Rullinnus,) was consul 4G2 and 478 Y. u. and prince of the senate. He was named (iiirr/ci frMn having squandered his fortune during his youth; in later life he reformed and waH exemplary in his conduct. LUB. Macr. S. ii, 9; iii, 13; Piin. vii, 41; Plut. V.x; Liv. X, 31,1. R. I'RA. Ludia; s. 104; MAD 82. R. 267. See 247; 261. R. Asylus was a prize-fighter. LUB. 268. The Satirist now touches upon the comforts of a curtain-lecture. MA D. hoc decet vjcores, dos est uxoria lites; Ov. A. A. ii, 155 i'y T£ !>/xi}.riiTai itriirrauUrti ko.) iv xaifiu ouxf^uffai KU.I fLtTa^u sua alquo exspcctantibus illain, 275 Quo juboal nuinarc modo: tu crcdis anioreni, Tu tibi tunc curruca places ileluniquc labellis Exsorbes, qu;v; sciipta ct quot lecture tabcllas, Si tibi zelotyjiiv retogantur scrinia moecha) ! Seel jacet in servi conqilexibus aut equitis. Die, 280 Die aliquem, sodes, hie, Quintiliane, eolorem ! " Hreienius : die ipsa." " Olim conveneiat," inquit, " Ut faceres tu, quod velles, nee non ego possem Indulgeve niilii : elames licet et mare ccelo Conluudas, homo sum." Nihil est audacius illis 285 Deprensis : iram atque animos a cvimine sumunt. Unde ha3e monstra tamen vel quo de fonte, requiris ? Praestabat castas humilis fortuna Latinas Quondam nee vitiis contingi paw a sinebant Tecta labor somnique breves et vellere Tusco " Tears, that marshall'd at their station stand, And flow impassion'd as she gives command." GIF- 274. On the hiatus, see i, 151. 7?. Illam for ///a, is a Grecism. It. An accusative dependent on a preceding verb, is often used where one would expect a nominative. Hyg. fab. 34; Cffis B. G. i, 3'J. IIEL 276. ' Like the hedge-sparrow' which sits on the cuckoo's eggs ; so you rear abrood, of which you are not the parent, .though they are hatched in your own nest. Plin. x, 9; Arist. H. An. vi, 7; xi, 29; 37. PRA. li. Et videatflen t e m ; nee taedeat os- cu la ferre ; et sicco lacrumascom- bibat ore tiias ; Ov. A. A. ii, 325 f; lacr iimasf/i/e per osruta siccat; Ov. F. iii, 509; Her. 11,54. R. 277. " Could you now examine her scrutore, What amorous lays, what letters would you see." GIF. s. 233. -R. 279. ' But suppose you catch her lying.' I'liA. Petr. 126. R. ' Slave or knight, for to her it matters little which.' R. 280. ' Quintilian, with all his rhetoric, could find no cidourable excuse for such flagrant misconduct:' Sch. [' he would throw up his brief.'] 8. vii, 155; MAD. and 1^6; no tor em dare rebus de- forinihit.i; Quint, iii, 8, 3; a metaphor from painting. R. Sodes is formed from si and audes, (which occur separately in Plautus,) Cic. Orat. 45; Festus ; Non. 2. It qualifies an imperative. F. Livy xxiii, 47, d. 281. ' We are aground, quite at a standstill; the lady must speak for herself.' LUB. 283. See ii, 25; R. and 75. 284. ' I am a mortal, therefore frail by nature.' nihil est Jam (/i avSjaJxf. I'lut. M. Ixxx, 0|)p. t. ii, I-. m. JJ3(i; )I38. f rang it II r ipsa suis Roma sufirrbn fjonis: Prop, iii, 13, 60. R. •23(> THE SATIRES SAT. VI. 300 Divitiiu molles. Quid cniin Venus ebria curat ? Ini^uiuis et cai)itis (|ua' sint discrimina, noscil, Ciiandia qua't incdiis jam noctibus ostrea niordet, Qmuu puvlnsa mero spumaut uiiguenta Falerno, C2umn bibilur concha, quuni jam veitigine tectum 305 Ambulat et geminis exsuvgit mensa lucernis. I nunc et dubita, qua sorbeat aera sanna Maura, Padicitia3 veterem quum preterit aram, 300. ' A woman who adds drunken- np;'i(ptTa' Luc. U. iM.ir. ii,2; ai»«/3aj» xifa\ri», TaSi Siw/ta -ri^iT^i^u Theogn. 503 tf; Eur. B. 916 ff ; Sen. Ep. 83; V. Flac. iii, 65 ff ; Virg. M. iv, 469 f ; Sen. A^. 728; J?. qttcB sunt singula, bina videt; Ov. A. A. iii, 764. 306. ' Go now !' a common expres- sion of censure or derision ; x, 166; 310; xii, 57; LUB. R. [Vir. E. i, 74; (i¥r.) Ov. H. 9, 105 ; 17, 57 ; L. Au. 363.] From sauna comes subsan nare. See nore on Pers i,58 ; 62 ; iii, 86 f ; v, 91 ; R. turpi sono rngosis naribus introrsum reducfo spirifu concrepantes; A mm. xiv. 6 ; tny p.*a aifieutravTtj , i^Sptr irtXyti aia Tuv fiVXTri^uv f^ax^ov xa) {"> o'uTias iiroi) a; avo x^ovtm T^o;^iovTis' Petr. Alex, in Theodor. K. H. iv, 22; nari- bus rurrugatis aerem sorbens iuhonestos strepilus promit ; Sever. Ep. in Baron. Ann. t. V. YAO. 307. There were two temples of Chastity at Rome ; one of Patrician Chastity in the Forum Bonrium or ' Cattle-market,' the other of Plebeian Chastity in the Virus Longus or ' High Street.' The former was the more ancient. LUB. GIF. Liv. x, TS. R. ' She passes the temple, not only without saluting it, hut even with a sneer.' R. They are not content with SAT. VI. OF JUVENAL. •237 Tullia quid dicat notae collactea Maurae. Noctibus hie pomint lecticas, micturiunt hie 310 Effigiemque dese longis siphonibus iiuplent Inque vices equitant ac liina teste moventuv. Inde domos abeunt : tu ealcas luce reversa Conjugis urinam magnos visurus amicos. Nota Bonae secreta Desc, quum tibia lumbos 315 lucitat et coiiiu pariter vinoque fenintur Adtonitae criuemque rotant ululantque Piiapi Maenades. O quautus luuc illis inentibus ardor Concubitus I quae vox saltante libidine ! quantus lUe meri veteris per crura raadentia torrens ! 320 Lenonum aucillas posita Sauieia corona every variety of wantonness, unless they show their contempt of the goddess of Chastity at her antiquated and neglected altars. SPY. 308. Quid ' what impious jeers.' GIF. ' Well-known;' x, 224. GIF. ' Her foster-sister;' efioydXaxns . Lun. 309. ' Here they alight from their lit- ters: and the very first thing they do, is to show their thorough contempt of the deity within whose precincts they assemble.' i, 131. H. 310 ' And bedew the image of the goddess with copious irrigations.' L UB. 311. 'The chaste Moon (Hor. C. S.) is witness (s. viii, 149 f; lianil. i, 283;) to their tilthv orgies.' vii, 240; Romans \, 26 f. LUB. R.MJD. 313. ' On vour way tosee.'i, 33; iii, 127 ff ; 184 ;'v, 76 If. MAD. R. 314. Seeii, btl IF; LUB. rtXtra) Je a'rii^ti'roi Ko) X^Z't «»3{^» vroTra fivrrr:- {(«• l^iic. Am. 42. li. Quum rarmi/ia lumbum intrant; Pers. i, 20 f ; (IRA. s. i, 45 ; ix, 69 ; Pers. iv, 35. R. <■ The Hute--the honi ;' ii, 90 ff. IE. 315. ' \Mth wine:' mayuo cratere ; ii, 87. R. Fftri in naid of thoHe who ' rush wildly' under the impulse of Home irre- sistible stimulus : iUi/r mentis inops, tit ifvim fnrinlis Eriihtlm impiilit in colio crine jarnitf, J'cror; Ov. Her. 15, 1.39 f{(BU.) Ii. notes on (pi^tirfar Her. vii, 210, «i8;i viii, 87, [83; 91. 316. ' Bewildered :' Liv. xxxix, 15 ; Hor. Od. iii, 19, 14. R. Caput Jactare et comas rot are fanaticum est; Quint, xi, 3. Our au- thor seems to have borrowed Lucan's description of the priests of Cybele ; criuemque rotantes sangiiineum populis ulularu nt tristia Ga/li; i, 566. The Gallus is elsewhere similarly represented as peft/iriTovs iaAuf Xvrro- ficcfiTs vXoKafj.ous , and iSiv^fft S' tuirtpa- (faXiyya xof4,av Antip. Sid. J£p. x.wii, 2 ; lb. it. ihe priests of Isis also, as demisso capite cervices lubricis iiitor- f/uentes n.otibtis crinesque pendulos ro- tantes in circutum; Apul. Met. viii, p. 214 ; s. Ep. XXV, p 246; Eur. B. 150; S64; Iph. A. 758; Cat. Ixiii, 23 ff. BUS. Utulaiit ' howl or yell' (oXiXv^tvirif) is applied to sounds of frantic mirth or woe indiscriminately. Mart, v, 42, 3 ; Luc. i, 567; Virg. JE. iv, 609; Stat. Th. iii, l.-)8 ; Call. H. in Del. 258. R. ' Of Priapue ;' ii, 95 ; PR A. and vi, 75; i. e. ' devoting themselves to the god of obscenity.' Seh. R. 317. Ma«»«f ' a frantic female,' de- notes propi rly a Bacchante. GV. The ad'lition ofthe god's name is an instance of the metaphor by analogy mentioned by Aristotle, 1th. iii, 4, 2; xi, 4. 318. ' As lust dances in their veins.' 8. Arist. N. 1393 ; Arista?n. Ep. ii, 5; Theorr. iii, 37 ; Cal. H. in Cer. E. R. 319. ' They h-ive drunk so much, that they cannot retain the liquor.' GV. 320. 'S.Tufcia, or T.aufella,' ix, 117; 238 THE SATIRES SAT. VI. Provocat ct tollit ]HMulcntis praniiia cox;e. Ipsa Mcdiillina) Ihictum crissantis adorat : fPalmaui inter tlominas virtus natalibus tuquat.f Nil ibi per liuliun siuuilabitur : omnia fient 325 Ad vorum, quibus incendi jam frigidus aevo Laomedontiades et Nestoris hernia possit. Tunc prurigo monc impaticns, tunc femina simplex, Et toto paritcr rcpctitus clamor ab antro : " Jam fas est : admitte viros !" Jam dormit adulter, 330 Ilia jubet sumto juvcnem properare cucullo. Si nihil est, servis incurritur. Abstuleris spem Servorum, veniet conductus aquarius. Hie si Qua)ritur ct desunt homines ; mora nulla per ipsam, xii, 45 ; Mart, iii, 72 ; a matron, chal- lenges the common jirostitutes {lenunis puclUe^ 127;) to contend with lier, and, by throwing each antagonist, bears off the prize: GY. R. which was a gam- mon of. bacon. Seh. furca leiiut ille bicorni sordidn terga siiis nigra pm- lienliatigiio; Ov. M viii, 647f; s, vii, 119; xi, 82. US. RIG. Pusita corona ' a prize being pro- posed:' compiire priiiiam meriii laiiilc coroiiam; Virg. M. v, 355; witli trcs praem ia prhni accipienfflavaque caput nectcniur oliva: primus eifiimn plia- leris insignem victor habeto : 308 ff; imitated by Silius x\i, 300 ff; 606; -niiviu ailXti- Horn. II 4' 653 ; 740 It might also mean ' her cha])let being laid aside.' R. s. iii, 56. 321. [Posid. in Ath. iv, 154, b. DB.] 322. ' Extols to the skies the graceful motion of the wanton IVleduUina.' Fluc- Inm is a metaphor taken from the billows of the sea : thus aiiTos K'juairuy vy^ov turn aiuQti Pind. P. iv, 16 f. [Pers. i, 20, note.^ 323. ' Manly prowess raises the victorious fair to the level of high-born dames.' L UB. R. [Probably a spurious line. DB.] 324. " Nothing is feign'd in this un- natural game." GIF. 325. ' To the life.' R. Illii/n ml (dcliim Pi/li^is Jiivenescnre poxKif, Titlioiin.s'iKr (III iiis fort ior cs.if.' St/is; Ov. Am. iii, 7, 41 f; Mart, vi, 71, 3 f; xi. 60, 3 f; xiv, 203. R. ' Frozen with age' opposed to ' warm youth;' 369. R. [i Kings i, 1 f.J 326. Priam, son of Laomedon. L UB. Virg. JE. viii, 158. R. Another periphrasis: s. iv, 107. ' The ruptured Nestor.' GIF. Ov. M. xii; PRA. pondiis Nestoris; Plant, s. x, 205; Cels. iii, 24, 9; v, 18 ; Mart, xi, 84, 5. R. 327- ' The woman peeps out simple and undisguised.' GRJ. BRI, [s. Spectator No 217 ] 328. ' The den ;' probably some vaulted cellar in which their gross rites were carried on. R. 329. These woros are addressed to the female porter. R. ' The gallant is not yet up.' 330. ' The mistress tells her maid to go and bid the young man put on a hood, and come without delay.' R. s. 118. MAD. See also Tib. i, 9, 71 ; (juoted at 462. 331. ' If nothing of the kind is to be found.' LUB. Arist. Th. 491 f. L. ' They fall foul of slaves.' s. 279. LUB. 332. ' The attendant who drew water to fill the baths.' This class of men had got a bad name from being often hired by the ladies to carry letters to their sweethearts: Festus. HNN. The per- sons employed about the baths, we may conclude, would not be very at- tractive: and the office itself was looked upon as very degrading, note on Her. iii, 14, [54]. 333. ' There would he no hesiration SAT. VI. OF JUVENAL. •239 Quo minus imposito clunem submittat asello. 335 Atque utiuam ritus veteres et publica saltern His iutacta malis agerentur sacra : seel onmes Noverunt Mauri atque Indi, quas psaltria penera Majorem, quam sunt duo Coesaris Anticatones, llluc, testiculi sibi conscius iinde fugit mus, 340 Intulerit, ubi velari pictura jubetur. on her part to follow the foul example of Pasiphae.' xii, 111 twice. R. 335. ' If such impurities must be, would they were restricted to modern rites and private occasions, that we mij2rht avo;d the scandal which now arises from them.' Sch. 336. ' 1 1 is known all over the world :' omnibus et lippis notum et toiisorihus esse, ' to be known all over the city;' Hor. S. i, 7, 3 ; R. ' to be matter of public notoriety.' ii, 58. 33". '' What singing-wench produced his ware Vast as two Anticatos." GIF. This was Clodius ; who, when a very young man, had an intrigue with Pom- peia, the wile of Julius Caesar. As the lady was narrowly watched by her motl,er-in-law, Aurelia, they had few opportunities of meeting ; this irritated their impatience, and forced them upon an expedient, as flagitious as it was new. The myste-ies of the Bo>ia Dea were so respected by the Romans, that none but wo.nen had the privilege of officiating at tbem; every male, even of animals, was driven from the house, and every statue, every picture of the masculine kind scrupulously veiled. Clodius dressed himself like a woman, and knocked at the door of Ceesar's house, where the mysteries were then celebrating. One of Pompeia's maids, who was in the secret, let him in ; but unluckily, while she was gone to ac- quaint her mistress with his arrival, the impatient Clodius advanced towards the assembly. C)n the way, he was met by anothi-r ilotncstic, who, taking him for one of her own sex, began to toy with him. Clodius was confused; which the other perceiving, insisted on knowing who and what he was. His voice, and still more his agitation, betrayed him. The women, struck with horror at i»uch a jrofauatirtn, covered the altar and the implements of uacri- fice with a veil, and drove the intruder from the house. Immc'iately after, they left it themselves, and went to acquaint their husbands with the un- precedented abomination. Clodius was instantly accused, and would have been condemned ; but for the clandestine influence of Pompey and Csesar, (of whom he was a necessary tool,) and a species of bribery almost too infamous for belief, though asserted as a fact by Cicero. GIF. [" In the Villa Pam- philia stands the statue of a man in woman's cloaths. A learned medallist in Rome has lately fixed it to Clodius, for one sees the same features and make efface in a medal of the Clodian family;'' ADD, R. p. 114.] 338. The inference is that Pompeia loved Clodius, because he was more than twice the man that Cissar was. Csesar had not only seduced Servilia, the sister of Cato and mother of Brutus, X, 319; but had written two books, against Cicero's work entitled ' Cato,' which he named 'Antic a to.' Suet, i, 5G; Pint. V. xxxiv, 0[ p. t. i, p. 733, c; Cell, iv, 16; Cic. Att. xii, 41; xiii, 48; Div. ii, 9; Top. <»4. R. The volumes of the ancients were so callena otia ca3li : 395 Nou est, lit video, uon est, quod agatur apud vos. Usee de comcedis te cousulit ; ilia tragosdam Co)nuiendare volet : varicosus fiet haruspex. Sed cantet potius, quaiu totani pervolet urbeni Audax et coctus possit quam ferre virorum 400 Cuuiqne paludatis dueibiis pnesente inarito Ipsa loqiii recta facie slrictisque mamillis. the custom first to touch the altar, Sil. iii, 82 ; standing Ijefore it with the head veiled, to prevent interruption from any- ill omen; Mart, xii, 77, 1 f; Virg. M. iii, 405 ff; Plut. M. XX, 2; 10; 13; Macr. S. i, S; iii, 6; then to vNheel round to the right in a circle, and also to fall down and perform adoration by kissing the hand. Suet, ix, 2. PR.l. GIF. R. 391. ' A harp' for ' a harper.' LUB. 392. ' Went through;' perer/it; v, 122; R. or ' put up.' Sch. Plin. xviii, 4. G. " And trembled, and turn'd pale, as he explored The entrails, breathless for the fatal word." GIF. s. Plin. xxviii, Div. 16; ii, 29; 32; 2; Liv. Cic. PRA. pecudttm reclusis pectoribus in- hians, spirantia consulit exta; V^irg. JE. iv, 63 f. R. 393. Here the poet indignantly apo- strophizes the god. Sch. s, ii, 12G-132. R. 394, ' Father' was a title of reverence used towards deities in general, but to Janus in particular. BR. Macr. S. i, 9 ; PRyl. //r, Exc. V, on Virg. .^E. vii ; 8. xiii, 81 ; Virg. M. i, 155; V. Place. i,ll; Petron. 41.22. [St Matthew xxiii, 9.] ' There must be many idle hours in heaven.' Juvenal here, as elsewhere, ridicules the popular mythology ; DO. and, at the same time, the Epicurean notion of the quiescent leisure of the fjods ; Lucr. vi, 57; Hor. S. i, 5, 101 ff; Sen. Ben. iv, 4; D. Laert. x, "7; but iasiiiuates that they had better not meddle at ail with human affairs, than concern themselves about such indecent follies as were now referred to them. R. 397. ' The soothsayer will find his legs swell, from being kept standing so constantly.' Varicosus denotes ' having the veins swollen.' Hippocr. Aph. vi, 21; DO. Pers. v, ISO; PRA. Plaut. Epid. V, 2, 5; G. Ccls. vii,8; 17; 31; Paul. iEg. vi, 82; Avicenn. often. Cicero, (Quint, xi, 3, 143 ; Macr. S. ii, 5; Sidon. Ep. v, 5;) Marius, (Cic. T. Q. ii, 15; Plut. V. xxii, pr. Plin. xi, 45 s 104;) and many others suffered from this cause. U. Ov. A. A. iii, 304. HS. 39s. ' She had better be musical, than be addicted to gadding and gos- siping.' PRA. [Livy iv, 40.] 399. " Oh these Encoun terers ! so glib of tongue. They give a coasting welcome ere it comes; And wide un- clasp the tables of their thoughts To every ticklish reader: set them down For sluttish .«poils of opportunity And daughters of the game;" Shaksp. Tro. and Cress, iv, 5. GIF. 400. ' With generals in full uniform.' MAD. The paludamentum was the military robe of commanders when they went to put themselves at the head of their troops. L UB. 401. ' Looking them right in the face,' i. e. ' boldlv;' x, 189; BY, on Hor. Od. i, 3, 18. 'R. [Eur. Hec. 959 f ; (nn.) Soph. CE. R. 247 ff.] Striclis ' exposed from the dress being tightly laced round the body ' BRI. Lucian. Am. 41 ; Mart, xiv, 66; 134, 1 ; Cat. Ixiv, 65; R. Ov. A. A. iii, 274. HFi. SAT. VI. OF JUVENAL. 245 Haec eadem novit, quid toto fiat in orbe ; Quid Seres, quid Tiiraces agant : secrela noverca; Et pueri : quis amet, quis diripiatur adulter. 405 Dicet, quis viduam prtegnantem fecerit et quo Meuse, quibus verbis concumbat quaeque, modis quot. Instantem regi Aruienio Partlioque cometen Prima videt; faiuam ruinoresque ilia recentes Excipit ad portas : quosdam facit : isse Niphateni 410 In populos tuagnoque illic cuncta arva teneri 402. /(/ (jitod in aurem rex regince diverit, sciunt ; -M', R. GIF. 216 THE SATIRES SAT. VI. Diluvio, uutare urbes, gubsidere terras,' Quocunique in trivio, cuicumque est obvia, narrat. Noc taincn id vilimn inagis intolerabile, qiiani quod Vieinos huniilcs rapt-re et concidore loris 415 ICxDrata solct. Nam si latratibus alti llumpuntur soinni ; " Fiistes buc ocius" inquit " Aflerle !" atque illis doiniimin jubet ante icviri, Deinde caneni. Gravis occursu, teterrima vultu Babiea nocte subit ; concbas et castra moveri 4*20 Nocte jubet; uiagno gaudet sudare tumultu, Quum lassata gravi ceciderunt bracbia inassa, CaUidus et crista; digitos impressit aliptes Ac suu)mum domina; femur cxclamare coegit. 411. ' Sink down.' s. Tac. A. ii, 47, 3 ; R. Plin. ii, 69 f. PRA. [CW, L. on C. p. 193.] 412. ' The places where three ways met,' ' places of public resort.' MAD. 414. ' To have her poor neighbours taken up and cut to pieces.' LUB. 415. ' After listening; to their prayers and entreaties ;' had it not been for which, she would have had themtlogcied to death. LUB. In this and the fol- lowing lines Juvenal is probably alluding to some recent and well-known trans- action. U. [iii, 300.] From her ' sound slumbers' we may infer that she w;is not an invalid, so as to be seriously disturbed ' by the barking of the dog.' 417. ' The owner of the dog.' LUB. 418. Nee visufac'dis ; Virg. M. iii, 621. Sch. 419. Conchas; see note on 304. MAD. It would appear from the following epigram to have been a vessel to bathe in, formed in the shape of a shell: transferal hue lii/uidos fontcs Helieonia Nais et patiilo eonchce divitis orhe fliiat : namque latex, docta; f/iii laveril ora Serence, ultra Perjaseas nuiiien Imljehit af/ttns; Claud. Iv; BA. B. Colum. xii, 5 ; 50 ; Cato R. R. 13 ; 66. Ii. Cn.stra iiiovcri ; a military metaphor, LU/j'. as in273ff; ' the camp equipage:' MAD. from the parade with which she moves. PRA. Bnlnrn ; .^ee note on i, 49; MAD. i, 143. Before the dynasty of the em- perors, the time for a bath was the ninth hour, and the tenth hour was supper- time. Afterwards, however, the time of bathing was, in su mmer, changed to the eighth hour, xi, 204 ff; Tac. A. xiv, 2 ; L. Kxerc. PI. 648 ; SM. Spart. Hadr. 22 ; Lampr. Sev. 24; Plin. Ep. iii, 1,8; Vitr. v, 10; Artemid. Oneir. i, 66 ; Mart, iii, 36 ; iv, 8 ; vii, i ; x, 48, 1 ff; Ixx, 13; xi, 53. Ii. 420. There was a small room con- nected with the bath, where they excited perspiration by violent exercise pre- viously to bathing. R. 421 . ' The dumb bells.' Sen. Ep. 57 ; L UB. supra hnlneum hahifo : ctimforti- orcs e.rcrcentur et man us plumbo graves jactant, gcmitus audio, audio crepitum illiscB manus hmneris^fjuoi^prout plana pcrvenit aut concava, ita somnn mutat\ id. 56 ; sunt ej'ercitationes etfaciles et breves, AynTit.i,u; ■nvai- ^iv/iita,! T< fiVi xa.) ^iXtxropoi, kcci ■roiouriv affiUTa oil 'ToXu Trt; "Swr^ovg avrooiovra' KO.) S/a "in Taura fiiaSaiTou; xcc) auTai •noiiyotrai frirtou; xai y^afiuariKov; xai i, an eminent grammarian in the reigns of Tiberius and Claudius, and Quin- tilian's preceptor; he was so conceited as to say that literature was born with him and would die with him. He also said that Virgil had predicted, in the third eclogue, that he should be the critic of all poets: Varro he used to call a learned pig. LUB. He was, in fact, an arrogant, luxurious, and pro- fligate pediint, rendered infamous by vice of e^ery kind, and one, to whom no youth could with safety be trusted. GIF. Suet, de 111. Gr. 23; PRA. viii, 215 ff. H. 451. ' An antiquary.' SuPt. ii, 86. E. 455. 'Which men would never trouble their heads about ' FAR. Opic€e: see iii, 207. FAR. 456. ' Let a husband, at any rate, commit a solecism without the certainty of being taken to task for it.' Solce, a maritime town of Cilicia, to which Pom- pey transported a colony of pirates : these people corrupted the purity of the Greek dialect. Solwcismus est cum plurihus verbis conseqnens Derhnm su- periori non accommodatur ; Cic. to Her. iv, 12 ; Gell. V, 20 ; Pi?^. Mart, xi, 20; LUB. s.Plin, xxix, 1 s 7; K. but s. Her. iv, 117. 458. ' Green gems,' i. e.' emeralds or beryls.' v, .38; Tib. i, 1, 51; Phsd. iii, 18, 7. R. 4'.9 ' The ears being stretched down- wards by the weight of the pearls.' FAR. gemmiferas dctrahit anres lapis eoa lectns in nnda; Sen. H. CE.661. jR. These ' large pearl ear-rings' (s. ii, 61;) were pear-shaped. Plin. ix, 35 s 56 ; PRA. Isid. Or. xvi, 10. R. They consisted probably of a large drop formed of several pearls; for such pendants were worn and admired in Juvenal's time, video uniones non sin- gulos singulis auribus comparaios ; {jam enim excrcitatcB aures oneri fe- rendo sunt;) junguutur inter se, et in- super alii bini suppanguntur. non satis muliehris insania vivos sub/ecirat, nisi bina ac terna patriinonia singitlis auri- bus pependissent ! Sen. Ben. GIF. marqarita tribacca ; Petr. 55. Z?CE. 460. See 30; 1.36 ff; R. 224. FAR. 461. See Lucian Am.38f. K. 'While she stays at home her skin is covered SAT. VI. OF JUVENAL. 251 Pane tmnet facies aut pinguia Poppseana Spiral et hiuc miseri viscantur labra mariti : Ad inoechum veniet loca cute. Quando videri 465 Vult forraosa domi ? moechis foliata parantur. His emitur, quidquid graciles hue niittitis Indi. Tandem aperit vultum et tectoria prima reponit : Incipit agnosci, atque illo lacte fovetur, Propter quod secum comites educit asellas, 470 Exsul Hyperboreura si diraittatur ad axem. with poultices and plasters, that it may be kept fair and soft for going out.' SM. I remember to have heard, many years ago, of one IMrs G., a widow lady, who (while in weeds) used to sleep with her arm"! in bread-and-milk poultices. She married for her second husband Sir Charles D., in whose family she had originally lived as cook. s. Her. iv, 75. ' The pomatum brought into fashion by Poppfpa,' the mistress, and after- wards the wife, of Nero ; the emperor avenged the cause of two husbands, whom she had abandoned, by a violent kick which occasioned her death. Sch. GIF. Suet, vi, 35; Tac. An. xiii, 45 f ; xiv, 1, 60; XV, 23; xvi, 6. R. 462. See ii, 107. LUB. In the fol- lowing passage, Juvenal had Lucilius in view : f/xiim tecum est, (juidvin satis est : tiisiiri alieni sittt homines, spiram, pallas,redimiciila promit; xw. L. But the mote immediate subject of his imi- tation seems to have been a passage of Tibullus : tune putas ilium pro ts dis- ponere crincs aut tenues dcnso peciere dente comas ? ista liaic pcrsiindet facies axiro'iue lacertos vinciat et Tyrio pvo- deat apta sinu ? non tibi sed Juveni euiilam vitlt hella videri, devoveat pro fjuo remque dormimqiie ttiam ; i, 9, C7. GIF. 463. ' The husband's lips are glued with this viscous paste, if he attempts to kiss her.' FAR. 464. ' .She will not go to see her gal- lant, till she has wiished her skin from nil fliese detestable cosmetics.' SM. LUIi. ii, 105. H. 465. ' Fragrant ointments, prepared from the leaves of spikenard and other costly ingredients.' Sch. Nardinum sivr folialum constat ompliacio, ha- latiino Junco, nardo, amomo, mt/rrha, balsamo; Plin. xiii, 1 end; LUB. and 2; PR A. and 3 end ; xii, 26 s 59 ; Mart, xi, 28. 9 ; xiv, 1 10, 2 ; 146, 1 ; Claud, xix, '226; {GES. BA.) Hor. Od. ii, 7, 8 ; R. St Mark xiv, 3 ; St John xii, 3. MAD. 446. Quif/quid, i. e. ' not only per- fumes but jewels.' R. See Esther ii, 12. MAD. ' Slender,' from being' unencumbered with fat.' L UB. Herodotus iii ; PR A. s. V, 53. R. Owing to this circum- stance, Lascars are considered excel- lent subjects for anatomical demonstra- tions. 467. " For him, at length, she ven- tures to uncase. Scales the first layer of rough-cast from her face." GIF. SM, on Spartian. formosam faciem nigra velaniine celas: detege vel faciem, 8fC ; Mart, iii, 3, 1 ; 4. R. Reponit * removes.' LUB. 468. Agnosci ' to look like herself.' MAD. 469. Poppcea, 462; Plin. xi, 14. SM. See note on ii, 107. PRA. 'H ytffiai, 'Iv i» rcf yaXafcri abruv Xeufirar Xiph. Ixii, 28. GIF. 470. The 'exile' is merely hypo- thetical. ' J'he Hyperborean clime:' Plin. iv, 12; Virg. G iii, 196; (11 Y.) so called as being beyond the north wind. SM. To a person standing at the north pole, every wind would be south- erly, as his face, his back, and both his hands would be turned due south. It was a delightful spot according to Pin- dar, ftfeTcif onft* Be^ia ypu^peu' Ol. iii, 66 f. •Jov? THE SATIRES SAT. VI. Sed quas mutatis inducitur atijuc fovetur Tot mcdicaminibiis coctaeque siliginis oflTas Accipit et inadida), facies dicetur an ulcus .? Est ])rotium cura) peuitus coguoscere, toto 475 Quid I'aciant agitentciue die. Si noctc maritus Avcrsus jacuit ; j)eiiit libraria, ponunt Cosniet;u tunicas, tarde vcnisse Liburnus Dicitur et poenas alieni pendere somni Cogitur : hie frangit fcrulas, rubet ille flagcllis, 480 Hie scutica : sunt, qua? tortoribus annua praestent. Verberat atque obiter faciem linit; audit arnicas Aut latum picta3 vestis considerat aurum, Et c;edit ; longi relegit transversa diurni, Et ciedit ; donee lassis ctedentibus EXI 485 Intonet horrcndum, jam cognitione peracta. 471. Mutatis ' various.' SM. The fathers of the Church were very severe in their invectives against these mere- tricious cosmetics. HNN. 472. Siligme; v, 70. PR J. Offas ' poultices;' Plin. xv, 7. GRA. 473. " But tell me yet; this thin":, thus daub'd and oil'J, Thus poulticed, plaister'd, baked by turns and boil'd, Thus with pomatums, ointments, lack- er'd o'er, Is it a face, Ursidius, or a soreP" GIF. 474. Preliiim [Sen. E. 22;] curw is the same as operce pretium ' worth while.' Sch. [Livy iii, 2G, 4; Hor. E. ii, 1, 229.) 475. ' If her husband turn his back towards her, and fjo to sleep.' MAD. xuhuSu i'T<>(rr^af)iis' Luc. D. Merc. Ii. A similar description is given of Circe: Petr. 132. ii. 476. Periit ' is half-killed.' BRO. Lihruria ' the housekcL-per,' MAD. ' the woman who weighed out the wool, or flax, for the maids to spin.' Sch. 477. ' The lady's maids strip to be flogged.' BRO. s. 490 ft; PRA. Pers. iii, 1; 35; Ov. Am. i, 6, 19. R. [Frederick of Prussia, father of the Margravine of I3ayreuth, flogged the maids of honour.] * The Liburnian;' iii, 240. PRA. 47s. ' He is punished, because the husband slept.' LUB. The phrase pendere pumas is derived from the cu-'tom of paying a certain weight of money as a mulct. Fes- tus. 479. Frangit i. e. ' has them broken about his back.' viii, 24 7- R. Fer)ilas;\,\5. HE A. These werethe mildest instruments of punishment, and the flagctia the most severe ; Hor. S. i, 3, 119 f. MAD. 480. ' Some pay so much a year to the beadle for flogging their servants when required.' Festus. 48 1 . Verberat — ccedit — et ccedit ; iii, 37; 116; 186. R. Obiler; iii, 241. PRA. ' Enamels her face.' GIF. ' Chats with her friends.' Festus. 482. Plin. viii, 48; PRA. s. x, 27 ; Ov. Her. 9, 127. {US ) jK. 483. ' Reads over the items in along memorandum-book,' in which were entered her daily accounts. GRA. Gell. V, 18 ; Lucian quoted at 434 £f; C. Nep. XXV, ]3. R. 485. ' Thunders out.' iwitari ver- horum fulmina; Cie. LUB. [Liv. iii, 48.] Ilorrendum is put adverbially : 517 ; Virg. M. xii, 700. R. Jam cognitione peracta: either ' having finished looking over her mtmoranda.' BRI. or *■ having gone through the trial and punishment of her slaves.' LUB. SAT. VI. OF JUVENAL. •253 Praefectura domus Sicula non mitior aula. Nam si constituit solitoque decentius optat Ornari et properat jamque exspectatur in hortis Aut apud Isiacae potius sacraria lense ; 490 Disponit crinem laceratis ipsa capillis Nuda iiumero Psecas infelix nudisque mamillis. " Altior hie quare cincinnus ?" Taurea punit Continuo flexi crimen facinusque capilli. Quid Psecas admisit } Quaenain est hie culpa puellae, 495 Si libi displicuit nasus tuus? Altera la^vum 486. ' The government of the family is more tyrannical than any of the courts of Sicily :' SG. alluding to Phalaris tyrant of Agrigentum, and Dionysius and Agathocles tyrants of Syracuse. Ptrs. iii, 39 ; Cic. T. Q. v, 57 ; Just. XX fF; Seh. PRA. Hor. Ep. i, 2, oS f. MAD. 487. ' She has made an assignation.' LUB.Vn, 1-2. MAD. 488. ' And is in a hurry, as her gallant must be now waiting for her.' MAD. ' In the gardens of LucuUus,' which were a fa\ourite promenade and rendez- vous. 31/10. 489. ' The sacred precincts of the temples of Isis' were prostituted to the same pur])ose : therefore the priestess is here called ' the procuress.' Sch. Plut. M. xxvii ; Joseph. A. J.xviii, 4 ; 10. AX. FliA. The women resorted to these temples under the pretext of observing religious viffils. BiE. ix, 22 tf; Ov. A. A. i, 77 ff; iii, 635 ff; Mart, xi, 48, 4. his herself might be called Isiaca lena by peripbra.sis : vutUas ilia facif, (/iioil fiiil i/jxft Juvi ; Ov. 78 ; R. iMAU. [id. Am. ii, 2, 2.3.] 490. See Ov. M. iii, 155 If. Juvenal gives to the waiting-maid the name of one of the chaste Uian's nymphs, ib. 72 ; who attended on the person of the god- dess, and assisted at her toilet in the grotto of the vale Gargaphie. This is very humorous, if we consider the cha- racter of the lady here s[)oken of; she is atteijded at the toilet by her filles ile chambre, who have each, like those nymphs, a several office in adorning her person ; while all these pain!), to make herself look more handsome than 'jMual, were because she was going to meet a gallant. The sad condition of poor Psecas bespeaks the violence which she suffered, from her cruel mistress, on every the least offence. However, this circumstance of her torn and dis- hevelled locks seems a farther parody of the account which Ovid gives of one of the attendants, who dressed the goddess's hair: dociior illis Iswenis Crocale, spnrsos per colla capitlos col- ligit in noduin, r/uamvis erat ipsa sulutis ; ib. 168-170 ; Sch. FAR. MAD. See also Lucian. Am. 39 f ; Sen. Br. Vit. 12; Claud, x, 99 ff; Call. H. in Pail. 22. (SA'.) R. The dishabille of this girl might also be owing to her being obliged to run and dress her impatient mistress, without hav- ing time to arrange her own hair or dress. DX. ACH. A rhyme occurs in this and the following line; it is not a solitary instance : in Ovid quoted in . the note on iii, 19 ; [the first two lines are not consecutive ; but s. Arist. R. 796 f ; Lucr. iv, 476 f ; Vir. E. viii, 80.] 491. Psecas from ■^tKu^tit ' to bedew' Sch. with fragrant essences : /i(Ji. as PIvciisa in iMartial (see next note) from frXixiir. R. 492. Units dc lolo peccaverat or be comarum annulus, [' ringlet'] in- ner/a non Iji^nc Ji.viis arit, /loc/acinus, L'l/a^e s/)rfu/o, f/uo vidcra/, iilla est, c(cfrii/d seidis icta l'/erifsiico/)iis. dt-sine jam, Lulof^f, Iriste.s oDiare capil los, tanp^at el insaiiKiii nulla puella caput; Mart, ii, 66, 1-6. PRA. Taurea ' the thong of bull's hide.' PRA. 495. Lavum ' on the left ;' Virg. JE. ii, 693; ix, 631 ; R. V. Flac. i, 156. HE[. l>5-2 THE SATIR1':S SAT. VI. St'il tiuiv mutatis iiulucitur at(}iic fovetur Tot inoilicaininibus cocliDquo siliginis offas Accipit et mailida;, lacies dicetur an ulcus ? Est juvliuni cunc penilus cognoscere, toto 475 Quid laciaut agitcntciuc die. Si noctc maritus Aversus jacuit ; jjciiit libraria, ponuut Cosuiel;v tunicas, tardc vcnisse Liburnus Dicitur et pocnas alicni pendere somui Cogitur : hie fvangit ferulas, rubct ille flagellis, 480 llic scutica: sunt, qua; tortoribus annua praestent. Veiberat atque obiter facieni linit; audit arnicas Aut latum picta3 vestis considerat aurum, Et cicdit ; longi relegit transversa diurni, Et c;edit ; donee lassis escdentibus EXi 485 Intonct horrendum, jam cognitione peracta. 471. Mutatis ' various.' SM. The fathers of the Church were very severe in tlieir invectives ajrainst these mere- tricious cosmetics. HNN. 472. Siliyinci, v, 70. PR J. Offas ' poultices;' Plin. xv, 7. GRA. 473. " But tell me yet; this thinf;, thus (laub'd and oil'J, Thus poulticed, plaister'd, baked by turns and boil'd, Thus with pomatums, ointments, lack- er'd o'er, Is it a face, Ursidius, or a sore?" GIF. 474. Pretiiim [Sen. E. 22;] euro; is the same as operce prelii/m ' worth while.' Sch. [Livy iii, 2U, 4; Hor. E. ii, 1,229.] 475. ' If her husband turn his back towards her, and go to sleep.' MAD. xahiihu a-rorr^afiuc Luc. D. Merc. Jl. A similar description is given of Circe: Petr. \32. R. 476. Periit <■ is half-killed.' BRO. Libraria ' the housekeeper,' MAD. ' the woman who weighed out the wool, or ilax, for the maids to spin.' Sch. 477. ' Tlie lady's maids strip to be flogged.' BRO. 3. 490 ff ; PRA. Pers. iii, 1; 35; Ov. Am. i, 6, 19. R. [Frederick of Prussia, father of the Margravine of Bayreuth, flogged the maids of honour.] ' The Liburiiian;' iii, 240. PRA. 47*^. ' He is jiunishcd, because the h unhand slept.' LUB. The phrase pendere pwnas is derived from the cu-tom of paying a certain weight of money as a mulct. Fes- tus. 479. Frangit i. e. 'has them broken about his hack.' viii, 24 7- R. Fern/us; i, 15. PRA. These were the mildest instruments of punishment, and the ftagclla the most severe ; Hor. S. i, 3, 119 f. MAD. 480. ' Some pay so much a year to the beadle for flogging their servants when required.' Festus. 48 1 . Verterat — ccetlil — et ccedit ; iii, 37; 116; 186. R. Obiter; iii, 241. PRA. ' Enamels her face.' GIF. ' Chats with her friends.' Festus. 482. Plin. viii, 48; PRA. s. x, 27 ; Ov. Her. 9, 127. {US ) R. 483. ' Reads over the items in a long memoranduui-book,' in which were entered her daily accounts. GRA. Gell. V, 18 ; Lucian quoted at 434 fiF; C. Nep. XXV, 13. R. 486. ' Thunders out.' iniitari ver- bornm fulmina; Cic. LUB. [Liv. Iii, 48.] Horrendum is put adverbially : 517; Virg. M. xii, 700. R. Jam cognitione peracta: either ' having linished looking over her memoranda.' BRI. or ' having gone through the trial and punishment of her slaves.' LUB. SAT. VI, OF JUVENAL. •253 Praefectura domus Sicula non mitior aula. Nam si constituit solitoque decentius optat Ornari et properat jamque exspectatur in hortis Aut apud Isiacae potius sacraria lenoe ; 490 Dispoiiit crinem laceratis ipsa capillis Nuda iiumero Psecas infelix nudisque mamillis. " Altior hie quare cincinnus ?" Taurea pimit Continuo flexi crimen faciuusque capilli. Quid Psecas admisit .? Quaenam est hie culpa puellae, 495 Si tibi displicuit nasus tuus? Altera laevum 486. ' The government of the family is more tyrannical than any of the courts of Sicily :' SG. alluding to Phalaris tyrant of Agrigentimi, and Dionysius and Agathocles tyrants of Syracuse. Ptrs. iii, 39 ; Cic. T. Q. v, 57 ; Just. XX If; Sch. PRA. Hor. Ep. i, 2, oS f. MAD. 487. ' She has made an assignation.' LUB. iii, 12. MAD. 488. ' And is in a hurry, as her gallant must be now waiting for her.' MAD. ' In the garJens of LucuUus,' which were a favourite promenade and rendez- vous. MAD. 489. ^ The sacred precincts of the temples of Isis' were prostituted to the same purpose: therefore the priestess is here called ' the procuress.' Sch. Plut. M. xxvii ; Joseph. A. J.xviii, 4 ; 10. AX. PliA. The women resorted to these temples under the pretext of observing religious vigils. BiE. ix, 22 «F; Ov. A. A. i, 77 »'; iii, 635 ff; Mart, xi, 48, 4. Tsis herself might be called Isiaca lena by peripbra-sis : niitUas ida facit, tfiiod fiiit ipsa Juvi ; Ov. 78 ; R. MAD. [id. Am. ii, 2, 2.J.] 490. See Ov. M. iii, 155 ff. Juvenal gives to the waiting-maid the name of one of the chaste Dian's nymphs, ib. 72 ; who attended on the person of the god- dess, and assisted at her toilet in the grotto of the Tale Gargaphie. This is very humorous, if we consider the cha- racter of the laily here spoken of; she is atterided at the toilet by her filles f,'half-a-yard high.' SC. xiii. 16/ ff; Plin. vii, 2; Gell. ix, 4 ; Ath. ix, 11. PR/1. ' Buskins' were boots with high cork-heels which tragedians wore ; SC. (as comedians wore the sock :) hence cothur?ins\s sometimes put for ' tragedy' or ' a tragic style.' 634; vii, 72; xv, 29. R. SsAT. VI. OF JUVENAL. 255 Damnorum : vivit tamquara vicina raarito. 510 Hoc solo propior, quod amicos conjugis odit Et servos, gravis est rationibus. Ecce furentis Bellonae matrisque deum chorus intrat et ingens Semivir, obscoeno facies reverenda minori, Mollia qui rupta secuit genitalia testa 515 Jam pridem, cui rauca cohors, cui tympana cedunt Plebeia et Phrygia vestitur bucca tiara. Grande sonat metuique jubet Septembris et Austri 509. See 141 ; R. alr^, yt',rcor Lon- gu3 iii, p. 77, 20 ; p. 92, 67- BOI. 510. ' The only diflference is this, that she hates her husband's friends and ser- vants, and plni^ues him with her bills; which his neighbour does not.' Sch. LUB. 511. The transition is very abrupt: and we now come to the most curious part of the Satire, and one which the author has li^boured with uncommon care ; nor is there any portion of his works in which his genius is more con- spicuous. GIF. 512. The frantic votaries of Cyhele ha\e been already spokfn of; ii, 111 ; LUB. iv, 123 ff; Lactant. i, 21. Those of Bellona, sister of I^I ars and goddess of war, were not more sane. They ran up and down, lancing their arms with sharp knives, (like the priests of Baal, i Kings xviii,28;) on the 23d or 24th of March, which was her festival, and, in allu- sion to those sanguinary rites, was culled The day of blood. PRA. MAG. 8. Tib. i, fi, 43 tf ; HY. nee turha cessat entlieata Bellona: \ Mart, xii, 57, 11. ' Enters the house :' the sudden tran- sition seems as though the poet had caught the contagion of their enthu- siasm, and started off from his former subject unintentioii.illv. R. See note on Her. i, 55, 'm-;\ and" 174, [57j. 513. 'The lusty eunuch' whoolTiciated as their high [iriest. I'ltA. 374; iLiiiit semivinrrii et lympnna tundcnt; Ov. F. iv, 183; /{. grandes Galli; Pers. v, 186. GIF. ' A personage to be reverenced by his obscene inferior.' feminerp vnren et mola insanin t'ino obscoe ni'/iic fjreges et innni'i tipnpiinn; Ov. M. iii, .0.'{(i f ; viri mollns^iiljiiciriii,el sumiriri; Liv. xxxiii, 28; R. 8. ii,f>. 514. ' Who has emasculated himself with a broken shell.' s. ii, IIG ; xvi, 6 ; testa; Plin. xxxv, 12 s 46; xi, 49; ferro ; Lactant. v, 9 ; saxo acuta ; Ov. F. iv, 237ff; acufosilice; Cat. lxiii,5; R. {POL, on Exodus iv, 25.] 515. ' Hoarse' either from continual singing and shouting, see note on i, 2 ; viii, 59; or from having a cracked voice; Macr. vii, 10. JF'^.R. R. ' Drums' for ' drummers,' LUB, by metonymy. PRA. [Her. i, 27, 83.] 516. ' His cheek is covered with the lappets of a Phrygian turban. Sch. OR A. (iara, verhum Greecum est, t/sit ver- si/m in Latinum ; de quo et Virgilius ^^ sacerque tiaras" (JL. vii, 247 ;) genus pileoli, quo Persarum et Chaldce- orum gens utitur ; Hieron. on Daniel iii; quartum vestimenti genus est rolundum ■pileolum., quale pictum in Uli/sscEO con- spicimiis, quasi sjj/icerce media sit divisa, et pars una ponatur in rapite. hoc Grceci Ttd^at, nonnulli galcrttni vocant. non liahel acumen in suniiuo, ncc totuni usque ad comam caput tegit,scd tertiam partem a /route inopertani relinquit, atque i'a in orcipitio vitta constrirtum est, ut non facile labatur ex capite. esc autem bi/ssinnm et sic fahre opertum linteolo, ut nulla actis vestigia extrin- serus appareant ; id. de Vest. Sac. PRA. viii, 2.')9; x, 265; Paris, cuvi semivirocomitatu , Mwonia mentuin niiira crineuiqiie mndentem subnixas; Virg, /E. iv, 215 If; jurat indulgere chords, et habcnt rediuiicula inilra, id. ix, 61.5 f; {HY.) V. Flac. vi, 700; {BU.) Claud, iii, 198 {GES.) R. See note on Kv^Qarlat' Her. v, 49, [40]. 5 1 7. Grande sonat ; s. 486 ; i ii ftayct i~oa Kctiefiitn* ix"^' "'"'■ •'''* Wf ',"*/« "rri (fuyri. -raft/u.iyi fin it, u( elm ft rt. '256 THE SATIRES SAT. vr. Advendnn, nisi se centum Instraverit ovis Et xcraiii]>(>lin;is vetcres donaverit i]isi, 5*20 Ut, (luiilquid subiti ct niagni disciiniinis iustat, In lunicas cat ct totum semcl expict annum, llibenium fiacta glacie descendet in amnem, Ter matulino Tiberi niei'getur et ipsis Vorticibus tiniidum caput abluet : inde Supcibi l. It needed no very sapient conjuror to anticipate such perils; but lie exag- gerated them, no doubt, with all his art. R. 518. ' Eggs' were commonly used in expiations, especially in those connected with the worship of Isis; BIIO. s. v,85; Ov. A. A. ii, 330; Hor. Ep. v, 19 tF; Pers. V, 185. {KG.) R. ra Ik tu* xa6a^- aiuf ua were on no account lo h^' eaten, but to be thrown away out of doors. GRA. The priests undertook to see that this was done, and were indebted for many a good omelet to this superstitious notion. ACH. 619. Xerampelinas ' dresses'so called from being' of the colour of a faded leaf.' f?ch. \rieif ' sere' an'l a^riXa; a' vine- leaf.' PK.I. f 'Phil-mot or feuillemor.'e,' Ainswoith. l» Tcii; 'noTitTt xa) roTf iTi nxitit, xa) -ra^itTui -r^iajiian. 'niiuttTo •^irutas xa) ^Xaf/ijiuf TeixlXaf, i^o ^^ujeu xai To^^v^as xa.) aXXuf tuii 'TcXvTlXlTf {» St TaT; xai'CcTs 0uvoiti; l^tlpayTiXlyiiCS to ^^ufia^ af txciXouv UTpa- (iarixces aTo tou ^^eofiarc; rii ya^ fxiXaf, a T g « V xa'Kovffi)!' h on fiira T^a^aias rctu- THIS tlufafft ^pynrSoii T^ot^aTui o\ XiyovTcci ai 'jroXvTiXiis ;(^Xa|«t/S£f Said. Ii. Vetcres ' cast-off,' modestly insinu- ating that they were of no further use to the lady. ' She gave him,' in order to be sus- pended in the temple ; PRA. or for him and the other priests to wear. MAD. The Galli in ancient sculp- tures are always represented in the female dress : and they used to wear sad-coloured raiment, and Pliny inter- prets the colour acrainpeliniis to be piillits. VO. 520 and 521. See Herod, ii, 39. 522. This kind of penance was one in which much faith was put: Pers. ii, 15 f; LUB. Hor. S. ii, 3, 290 ff. PRA. 523. 'O fidyof /Jt-ITO. TtlV iToJoii* Tpif a> ftou T^os TO •rpcauTta't a-voTrTvaai , vtfii fiiffaf yuxTU; It) tov Tiyonra '^roTtfiir ayayui ixuinoi t6 /US xai a.TS/xa^c LuC. Ns* 7. ' Tiirice :' the luuuijer tliree and three times three were thought much of in all magical and super- stitious rites: Pers. Ov. M. vii, 261 ; Virg. E. viii, 73 ff; JE. vi, 229. R. The manner in which toasts are re- ceived at our public dinners is one vestige of this very prevalent notion. See also Shaksp. Macbeth [i,3; iv, 1.] Mane; Hor. [S. ii, 3, 282;] and Pers. [ii, 16; v, 188;] Prop, iii, 10, 13. R. 524. Vortejr is the ancient form of vertex, i. e. coiitorta in se aqua, vel quidquid aliud sinii/iter vertitur; Quint, viii, 2, 7. R- In this and many other words the fuller and more ancient sound was softened down ; and Ovid was the author who took the lead in this refinement of the language. WC. ' Timid,' either from nature, MAD. SAT. VI. OF JUVENAL. 257 525 Totum regis agruin nuda ac tremebunda cruentis Erepet genibus. Si Candida jusscrit lo, or timore deoruni; Hor. S. ii, 3, 295. PRA. ' Ablutions' were performed to pacify the celestials : ' respersions' to deprecate the wrath of the infernal deities. MRC. [Macr. S. iii, 11. FRA.] When the kings were expelled, the land, between the city and the Tiber, belonging to Tarquin ' the Proud,' was consecrated by Brutus to Mars, and thenceforth called Catnpus Martins. Sch. Liv. ii, 5. PRA. 525. This superstitious rite is men- tioned, Tib. i, 2, 85 ; R. Sen. quoted at 517. PRA. John Mabilius, in his Travels in Italy, mentions having often seen women crawling on their knees not only to ' the Holy Stairs,' to which they seldom go up in any other way, but even, from the neighbouring houses, to St Mary the Greater, and to the Basilica which is called ' the Altar of Heaven;' p. 50. VAO. See also Ov. F. vi, 397-412. CS. 526. Candida ; Ov. [xM. i,] 743. R. ' If the priest asserts that Isis so commanded in his visions of the past night.' s. 530 f. R. lo, the daughter of Inachus, was beloved by Jupiter; who endeavoured to conceal her, under the form of a ' white' heifer, from Juno's jealousy. That goddess, however, contrived to obtain possession of her rival, and com- mitted her to the custody of Argus, with whose hundred eyes, after he was slain by Mercury, the queen of heaven adorned her peacock's tail. The Ar- give princess, aft'0Miittit ; iii , 43 ; Cic. for Mur. 41 end; Sen. Ep. 19; Ov. Her. 10,114; V. Flac. vi, 117; (BU.) de in/ante Scribonius matlie- maticns preeclara spoponUit ; Suet, iii, 14; viii,4. R. 549. ' The lungs,' the liver, and the heart were the parts chiefly examined in divinations. Luc. i, 621 ff; Cic.de Har. Resp. 9 ; Dio 39 ; 68. R. ' Doves' were sacrificed to Venus, and from the preceding line this ap- SAT. VI. OF JUVENAL. 261 550 Tractate, Artnenius vel Commagenus haruspex Pectora pullorum rimatur et exta catelli, Interdum et pueri : faciet, quod deferat ipse. Chaldaeis sed major erit fiducia : quidqnid Dixerit astrologus, credent a fonte relatum 555 Hammonis ; quoniam Delpliis oracula cessant pears to have been a love affair. SVL. 550. Coinmagene was a part of Syria between Mount A man us and the Eu- phrates. R. Haruspex; ii, 121. PEA. 551. Virg. M. iv, 64; quoted in note on 392. Sch. The mention of these smaller animals is to throw ridi- cule on the pretensions of such fortune- tellers. R. Catelli; sS^ Pans, vi, 2, 2. PRHi 552. ' Of a child.' s. Psalm cvi, 37 f; Plut. M. Ixi, (near the hegiuning); Macr. iii, 7 ; PRA. Ammian. xxix, 2, 17; Eus. H. E. viii, 14; Cassiod. H. Tr. vi, 48 ; Theodoret. iii, 2] . LB. R. Egnatius (iii, 116;) is here again al- luded to, who, after instigating the daughter of Soranus to magical aits, denounced her to the emperor Nero ; by whose order, she suffered at the same time with her father. Sch. This anec- dote may be genuine, though Tacitus does not mention it; An. xvi, 32. G TF. Deferat; 220; R. i, 33; iv, 48. MAD. 553. Chalda3aand its capital Babylon were famous for the astrological skill of the inhabitants'. In that city there was the temple of Belus said to be the inventor of the science. Plin. vi, 26 ; Cic. Div. i, 2 ; 92 ; Gell. i, 9 ; xiv, 1 ; Diod. ii, 3 ; iii, 8 ; xvii, 11 f. See KG, and CSy on Pers. v, 46 ff. These ' C'haldffians' among other names were called ' astrologers' 554; and ' mathe- maticians:' 562. Among the benign stars they reckoned Venus ; 570 : among those of malignant aspect were Saturn, 569 f; and Mais, x, 313, f ; Ov. Am. i, 8, 29. From cjusting a person's na- tivity, 579; or observing his horoscope, Suet, ii, 94 end; they predicted future events, and the liour and day at whieli any affair of imj)ortance ought to be transacted, 575 ff. For this jiurpose they used books, 578 ; or tables, SfjH ; and diaries, 574 ; which contained the positions &c of the stars at any given time, iii, 43 ff. The calculations which were requisite in judicial astrology were called niaiieri Tlirasylli; 576; Baly- lonii ninneri; Hor. Od. i, 11, 2; Chaldaico! rationes; Cic. Div. ii, 47 ; 42 ff; s. vii, 194ff; ix, 33; xiv, 248 ff; xvi, 4 ; Manil. iii, 160 ff ; iv, 122 ff ; 294 ff ; Ov. lb. 209 ff ; Macr. Plin. ii, 8 ff; Tii, 49; Prop, iv, I; Hor. Od. ii, 17, 17-24 ; {MI. JN.) Tac. An. iv, 58 ; (E.) Ammian. xxviii, 4, 24. {LB.) B. PRA. [The Theologian, v. ii, p. 31 &c.] 654. See viii, 125. R. 555. It is fabled that Bacchus being distressed for water, in his Libyan ex- pedition, a ram suddenly appeared from the sand and led him to a ' foun- tain.' Bacchus regarded this ram as Jupiter, and, accordingly, built a mag- nificent temple to Jupiter Hammon on the spot where the water was found : the name of Hammon being derived from ufifAts ' sand,' and ram's horns being attributed to the deity. Hygin. P. Astr. ii, 20. This temple is en- vironed by a thick forest, the onlj- one in those parts, Luc. ix, 522-527; Curt, iv, 7, 16 ; and by several springs, .among others ' the celebrated fountain of the smi' (which is here put for tlie oracle itself): Herod, ii, 42; iv, 181 ; Diod. i, 13; xvii, 50; Plin. ii, 103; V, 6 ; vi,29; Curt, iv, 7, 22 ; Lucr. vi, 848 ff; Ov. M. xv,309 ff; Sil. iii,6(i9 ff. R. FAR. PRA. " The fount that play'd In times of old through Amnion's shade, Though icy cold by day it ran. Yet still, like souls of mirth, began To burn when night was near;" Moore, Irish Melodies. ' 'J'hc oracle of Apollo at Delphi' is said to have ' ceased' at the birth of Christ: me puer Ilcbrecits tlivos Dmn ipse (juhernaHs cetlerc sede juM, l*)-c. s. Pfut. M. XXX ; PRA. Eus. Pr. Ev. v, p. 205 ff; Cic. Div. ii, 57 : Strab. xvii, p. 55.^; Luc. v, 112 ff; '2t)-2 THE SATIRES SAT. VI. Et genus Imnuinuni (liiinnat caligo futuri. Pr;vi-i])iuis tunicn est lionnn, qui s;epius cxsul, Cujus ;unieitia eoncluceniUuiue tal)ella Magnus civis obit et Ibrniidatus Otlioni, 5(50 Inde fides avti, sonuit si dextera lerro La3vaque, si longo castrorum in cavccrc mansit. Nemo matheniaticus geniiun indeumatus babebit : Scd qui pione perit, cui vix in Cyclada mitli r5. Antib. Ex. i, 12. It is mentioned, liowevcr, as having given responses in the reigns of Nero and Julian ; Suet. vi, 40 ; Themist. Or. xix ; Theodor. H. E. iii, 21 ; R. and again at the birth of Honorius (unless it be merely the poet's fiction) ; e( diidum taciti rupere silentia Delphi ; Clau'l. viii, 144. If the oracle of Jupiter Hanimon did survive the rest, it was probably because, as Voltaire says of El Dorado, few or none could go to seek it. GIF, 556. ' Punishes,' PRA. or ' renders them miserable,' ' leads them headlong on their ruin,' s. Virg. /E. xii, 727 ; HEI. iii, 116; or 'torments :' prudens fu iitri tewporis exitum calig i iiosa no etc prcmit dt:us ridettjiie si mor- tal is ultra fas trepidat ; Hor. Od. iv, 29, 29 ff. R. 557. Understand /w//. iJi?/". This astrologer was Seleucus, Suet. viii, 4-6; PRA. or Ptolemajus ; Tac. H. i, 22. Plut. which were, probably, but difierent names of the same person. BU. E. The professors of astrology were alternately banished and recalled, persecuted and cherished, as the events they predicted were prosperous or ad- verse to the fortunate candidates for power. That they were the occasion of frequent commotions among this am- bitious and credulous people, cannot be doubted ; and Tacitus says of them with equal truth and spirit, hoc genus hominuin potentibus injidnm, speranii- biis falla.c, tjiind in civitate nostra et vetahititr semper, et retinclntur ; H. i, 22;ii, 62; A.ii,32; xii, 52 ; Suet. iii, 36; ix, 14. R. GIF. 558. Ptolemy accompanied Othointo Spain and there predicted that he would survive Nero. From his success in this instance (says Tacitus) he took courage and ventured to predict his elevation to the empire. Otho believed it (or rather affected to believe it), and from that moment he determined to work the destruction of Galba. In the dreadful scenes which followed, Ptolemy was a principal actor. GIF. LUB, The effect of such predictions on an ambitious spirit is finely exemplified in the tragedy of Macbeth. " 'Tis strange : And oftentimes, to win us to our harm, The instruments of darkness tell us truths, Win us with honest trifles, to betray us In deepest consequence ;" i, 3. Conducenda ' dearly purchased,' LUB. ' venal' ' mercenary.' 586. 559. ' The great citizen' was Galba. Suet, vii, 19. PRA. s. i,53 ; R. ii, 104 f. 560. ' Has clanked with chains.' Sch. iii, 309 f. Those, whose pre- dictions concerned the life of princes or other matters of state, were often thrown into prison and not released unless their words were verified by future events. L. Suet, iii, 14 ; PRA. 1 Kings xxii, 7-28. 561. In stationary camps (answering to our ban-acks) there was a black-hole in wliich malefactors were confined ; and when the troops changed their quarters, the prisoners were moved in chains. Tac. A. i, 21 ; iii, 22. R. 562. Qxos gentititio vocabulo Clial- daeos dicer e oportet, m at he m a tico s vnlgits appellat ; Gell. i, 9. PRA. ' Genius,' Sch. (in which case ha- hebit means ' will be thought to have;') LUB. or ' good luck :' s. 22 ; Mart, vi, 60, 10 ; vii, 77, 4; Hor. Ep. ii, 2, 186 ff. R. Indemnatus " Who has not narrowly escaped the rope." GIF. 563. " Who has...Begg'd hard for exile, and by special grace, Obtain'd confinement in some desert place." GIF. ' One of the Cyclades.' i, 73. R. See note on Her. v, 30, [61], SAT. VI. OF JUVENAL. 263 Contigit ct parva tandem caruisse Sevipho. 565 Consulit ictericEe lento de funere matris, Ante tamen de te, Tanaquil tua : quando sororem Efferat et patrnos ; an sit victnrus adulter Post ipsam ? Quid enim majus dare nuniina possunt? HsBC tamen ignorat, quid sidus triste minetur 570 Saturni, quo laeta Venus se proferat astro, Qui mensis damnis, quae dentur tempora lucro. Illius occursus etiam vitare memento, In cujus manibus, ceu pinguia sucina, tritas Cernis ephemeridas ; quae nullum consulit et jam 575 CoDsulitur ; qum, castra viro patriamve petente, 564. ' To have been liberated.' PRA. Seriplius one of this group, novr called [' Serpho,' A W. or] ' Serfino,' is a barren rock about twelve miles in circumference, x, 170; Ov. M. vii, 464; Plin.iv, 12s22; viii, 58 ; Strab. X, p. 487. PRJ. R. 565. " In doubt How long her jaun- diced mother will hold out." GIF. Ixrt^et morbus regius. Plin. xx, 9 ; XXX, 11 ; xxxvi, 31 ; xxxvii, 10; s. iii, 43. PRA. R. 566. ' Thy future spouse:' Tana- f/uil tua nesciat illtid ; Auson. Epist. xxiii, 31, Tanarjuil, the wife of Tar- quin the elder, was a marvellous adept in the art of divination; Sch. nccepisse id augurium lata dicititr Tanarjuil^ pcrita (ut vulgo Etrusci) cwlestium prod/gioriau mulier; Liv. i,34; PRA. ib. 39; 41. 567. Efferat; i, 72. R. 569. ' Even she is less hateful, who gains her knowledge of the stars at second hand, than a wife who is herself a proficient in the celestial lore.' Sch. 570. See note on 563. R. vii, 194; grave Sal urn i xidu.i in omne ca- put; Prop, iv, 1, 84; nUl. Pers.v,50; Her. Od. ii, 17, 22; MAD. frigidn Saturni ulella; Virg. G. i, 336; Sch. Cic. N. D. I'UA. ' In conjunction with what heavenly body.' This was the moon, according to Cicero, Pliny, and Macrobius. PRA. " In what sign bright Venus ought to rise To shed Ikt mildest inHuence from the skies." GIF. Veneris saluhrn sidus; T,uc. Sch. Se proferat : Suet, vi, 6 end. R. 571. Dentur lucro 'are lucky,' Hor, Od. i, 9, 14. R. 572. ' Avoid her as a thing of ill omen.' SVL. 573. ' Whose well-thumbed manual of astrology' (note on 553;) 'becomes as yellow, shining, and transparent, as rich amber.' Sch. LUB. Plin. xxxvii, 2 f ; PRA. V, 24 ; 38 ; ix, 50 ; Ov. M. ii, 364 ff; Mart, iv, .59. The ladies used to hold or rub the amber in their hands for the sake of its scent ; Dioscor. i, 93 ; redolent quod sucina trifa ; Mart. iii, 65, 4 f ; fragravit ore quod sucino- rum vapta de mami gleba ; v, 37, 9 ; 1 1 ; spirant sucina virginra quod regciafa manu; xi, 8, 1 ; 6. The epithet 'fat' may also refer to its nature : si naturam sucini admoto igne tentes, in niodum tadce accenditur alitque flammam p i n- guem et olentem : mox ut in picem re- sinanive /entescif ; Tac. G. 4.5. R. 575. The superstition of being guided in every thing by astrological calcu- lations appears to have struck its roots inconceivably deep. Nearly three cen- turies after Juvenal's time, we find the Romans characterized by the same folly, and almost in the same words : mulli apud cos nrgantcs esse sujjrras potestatcs in ra'lo, nee in publico pro- dennt nee prandcnt nee lavari arbi- trantur se cautius posse, antequam cp he me ride scrupulose sciscitata di- dicerint ubi sit signum Mercurii, ^-c; Ammian. xxviii, 4, 24. Here we have Pope's " — godless regent trembling at a star;" Mor. Ess. i, 90. Such are the monstrous inconsistencies of atheism ! GIF. R. '2()4 THE SATIRES SAT. VI. Non ihit paritov iiinneris revocata Tlirasylli. Ad priinuni lapidem vectari quuni placet, bora Smnitur ex libvo : si prurit iVictus ocelli Aiij;uhis, inspccta geiicsi collyria poscit. 580 .Egia licet jaccat, capiendo nulla vidctur A])lior hora cibo, nisi quam dcderit Petosiris. Si mediocris erit; spatiura lustrabit utiimque JNIetarum et sortes ducct fiontcmque manumque Pra^bcbit vati crobrum poppysma roganti. 585 Divitibus rosponsa dabunt Phryx augur et Indus Conductus, dabit astrorum mundique peiitus 576. Thrasyllus was an eminent astro- loger at the court of Tiberius ; Suet, ii, 98 ; iii, 14 f. 02 ; iv, 19 ; Tac. A. vi, 20; 22; Die Iv, 11. Sch. PRA. R. 577. ' If she wishes to go out for a little airing in her cliair or carriage.' Sch. The miles were marked by mile- stones, inscribed with the number, and were reckoned from a golden column which stood in the forum. These mile- stones were first put up by C. Gracchus. SVL. Plut. V. xl. PRA. 578. The ancients considered the itching of any part to be a prognosti- cation of something about to happen. J. ER, Pr. iv, 7 ; Plaut. Mil. ii, 4, 44 ; Bac. V, 2, 75 ; Amph. i, 1 , 139 ; Ps. i, 1, 105; SCA. Isid. Or. viii, 19; R. [" Mine eyes do itch ; Doth that bode weeping ?" Shaksp. O. iv, 3.] 579. See note on 553. R. Hie ocuiis ego nkjra mcis collyria lippits illinere ; Hor. S. i, 5, 30 f ; PRA. Plin. xxi, 20 s 81 f. {HD.) R. 581. 'Shall have pointed out.' Sch. Petosiris was a famous astrologer and physician, according to Pliny, ii, 23 ; vii, 49 ; {HD.) and Suidas, {KU.) LUB. Ath. iii, 81. SM. R. He seems, like our learned Moore, to have allotted particular diseases and particular stages of life to the government of particular planets. " Si a To. Were we not born under Taurus? Sir An. Taurus ? that's sides and heart. Sir To. No, Sir, it is legs and thighs;" Shaksp. Twelfth-Night, i, 3. GIF. 682. The circus was the resort of itinerant fortune-tellers. Aeron. L UB. Hence it is calledya//aa' circus ; Hor. S. i, 6, 113; T. s. Suet, i, 39; v, 21; PRA. Cic. Div. i, 58. JR. 583. TheCircKsMax'imt/svrsiS divided along the middle by ' the chine' spi7ia ; at each extremity of this stood three ' pillars' niefo', round which the chariots had to turn on the near side. FJE. LUB. Ov. Am. iii, 15, 2; M. iii, 145. R. * Will draw lots;' hoc genus diviiia- (ionis Vila Jam cumnm7iis explosit : quis enim magistratus aut quis vir illustrior ntitur sortibus? Cic. Div. ii, 41. Nu- merius Suft'etius is said to have invented this mode of divination ; s. Suet, iii, 14; vi, 21; AX. T. PRA. Quint, xii, 10, 74; {GES. BU.) Tib. i, 3, 11 f; {HY.) R. Others told fortunes by physiognomy and chiromancy. LUB. 584. PojipysyiHi ' a smack with the lips;' Sch. or 'a wanton palming and patting of the hand.' MAD. palpare; i, 35; *e'r*i%u)i 'to coax;' Timocl. in Ath. ix, 18. Perhaps per may be un- derstood here ; and rognnti may mean ' begging' in a neuter sense: s. iv, 118 ; R. Plin. xxviii, 2. (T.) Or we may read so)ianti in a transitive sense; vii, 108; Tib. i, 3, CO; ii, 1,32; Virg. E. V, 64 ; s. Theocr. v, 89. MNS. 685. Phrygians, Pisidians, Cili- cians, and Arabians paid great atten- tion to augury; Cic. Div. i, 41 end, LUB. India, among the Romans,was a word of great latitude, including Persia, Arabia, ^lithiopia, and ])art of Egypt. Virg. G. ii, 116; iv, 293. {HY. BU.) The Magi of Persia were augurs as well as philosophers. Cic. 1. c. R. 586. Conductus; R. 658. Mundi 'of heaven;' Sil. iii, 611; Tib. iii, 4, 18. R. SAT. vr. OF JUVENAL. •265 Atque aliquis senior, qui publica fulgura condit. Plebeiura in circo povsituin est et in aggere fatum. Quae nullis longuui ostendit cervicibus aurum, 590 Consulit ante plialas delphinorumque columnas, An saga vendenti nubat caupone relicto. Has tamen et partus subeunt discrimen et omnes Nutricis tolerant fortuna urguente labores ; Sed jacet aurato vix ulla puerpera lecto. 587. See Luc. i, 584 ff ; 606 £F; Sch. Plin. ii, 52 ; 54. MAD. Whenever a place was struck by lightning, a priest was always called in to purify it. This was done by collecting every thing that had been scorched, and burying it on the spot, with due solemnity. A two- year-old sheep was then sacrificed, and the ground (bidentnl) slightly fenced round ; after which all was supposed to be well; Pers. ii, 26 f ; iv, 49; (AG. CS.)LUB. GIF. Sen. N.Q. ii ; Acron. on Hor. A. P. 471 ; Festus. Plut, M. 1, 4, 2; Artemid. ii, 8; Sen. Clem, i, 8; (L.) PC, Arch, iv, 1. R. Senior r^ia-livri^af . SVL. 688. Non vicanos haruspices, non de circo astrologos; Enn. FAR. FRH. s.iii, 65; 223. PRA. Agger; viii, 43. R. The mound thrown up by Tarquin the Proud, on the east of the city. BRI. 589. ' Who displays no long golden pendants above her neck and shoulders :' by hypallage, as ii, 90; MAD. s. 457 ff. R. The poet might intend to point out the general extravagance of the Roman women, in thus characterising the extremity of indigence amongst them by the want of a gold chain. GIF. 590. The plinla; were seven move- able wooden towerp, or obelisks, called from their oval form, ovn\ they were placed along the spine, and one was taken down at the end of (.-ach course. (Agrippa), t«u( ti iiX^7ta.f tea) to. unUri Tut ai Ttpiedoi Toil rri/'ii/'Sftu* anaoUKtuu*- Tcti- ])io xlix. end ; Liv. xli,27; Varr. R. R. i, 2,11; SiM. PRII. PAN. tnhilntn jtfi'iltriiiir\ Knn. PRA. ' Thf d[):i. They could afford neither to put their children out to nurse, nor to keep a nursemaid or nursery governess Sch. 594. A when Sch. woman is calleil piterpera, 'confined willi Iht lirsl fiilM. 2 .M 2(i6 THE SATIRES SAT. VI. 595 Tantuni artos Inijus, tanlum mcdicainina possunt, Qua; stcrilos facit atquc homines in ventre necandos Conducit. Caudc, infelix, atquc ipso bibendum Poirigc, quidquid orit : nam si distendcrc vellet Et vcxare utcrnm pucris salicntibus, esses t)00 J?jtliio]ns Ibrtassc pater; mox decolor heres Inqilcrct tabulas, numquam tibi mane videndus. Transco suppositos ct gaudia votaque sa^pe Ad s])urcos decepta lac us atquc inde pctitos Pontifices, Salios, Scaurorum nomina falso 005 Corpore laturos. Stat Fortuna improba noctu. 595. Hiijits ' of the old woman, who is applied to in such cases.' LUB. Mcdicamina ; Plin. xx, 21 ; xxvii, 5; 9; R. s. ii, 32. 596. ' Men yet unhorn.' 59". Conducit; ' undert.ikes for a certain price.' The same verb is used with the following expressions: redeni- tor colionnmn faciendmn; Cic. l)iv. ii, 21; medicus cegrum sanandinn; Plin. xxix, 1 ; pistor panetn molcndum ; Pompon, in Non. Another form of the phrase is this, Simonidcs, victori laiidem lit scriLeret, certo condiixit pretiu ; Phffidr. iv, 24, 4ff. (f?C7.)7?. ' Grieve not.' The ' woe-begone' husband is here addressed. UJB. 598. Distendere {titerum) ' to con- ceive.' LUB. 599. ' To bear lively boys.' 600. 'Ofablackamoor;'My4D.owing to your wife's adultery with a black slave. V, 53; LUB. Mart, vi, 39. R. Fortasse ' as likely as not.' Pater i. e. in the eyes of the law. ' A sootj' heir.' GIF. 601. See i, 63,; 68; MAD. ii, 58; ' and that at your wife's bidding.' s. 218. R. ' One that you would be very sorry to see of a morning.' v, 54. LUB. The ancients thought the first thing they saw in the morning gave a lucky or unlucky turn to the affairs of the whole day. AFi. omina principiis inesse Solent: ad pr imam vocem Sfc. Ov. F. i, 178 f ; Cic. Div. i, 46 ff ; Plin. xxviii, 2. See also 672. Among others of these ill-omened sights, apes were held in great drea'l. Luc. 'Aa-a^j. 17; id. Am. 39. R. 602. Comptnres alios, doctiis eg» guos et amicos prndeiis prcetereo ; Hor. S. i, 10, 87 f ; SVL. s. x, 273. R. ' The joys and vows' of the imaginary fathers. PRA. 603.'' Thebeggars'bantlings, spawn'd in open air. And left by some pond side, to perish there." GIF. Decepin ' elicited by fraud.' Infants used to be exposed at Rome by the Milk Pillar in the Herb-market; this v/as near Velabrum, the low ground between the Capitol ine, Aventine, and Palatine hills, which was often flooded by the Tiber; Liv. i, 38end; Ov. F. vi, 401 ft; Tib. ii, 5, 33; {HY.) thereby forming ' dirty pools.' PRH. LUB. FRA. R. Out ofthese foundlings, noble matrons used to select the future heirs of great families. LUB. 604. Sa///: seenote on ii, 12G. PRA. Something of this kind had perhaps recently occurred in the family of the Seain-i. ACH. ii, 35. PRA. If so, there is a concealed sting in the equi- voque ficti in (ii, 34;) the preceding line. Falso ' supposititious.' LUB. fs. vrofiaXofiitii , Fla. Mx. 7.] 605. ' Fortune' still retains among us her ancient attributes, and is spoken of at this hour, much as she was two thousand years ago. GIF, Livy xxx, 30, 2. Improba ' unlucky' i. e. ' delighting in sportive mischief.' GIF. ceeca, volu- Ijil/s, vaga, inconstansj incerta, vana ; Plin. ii ; R. Fortiinn stevo Icnta nego- SAT. VI. OF JUVENAL. 267 Arrideus nudis infantibus. Hos fovet oiimes luvolvitque sinu : domibus tunc porrigit altis Secretiimque sibi inimum parat. Hos amat, his se Ingerit utque suos ridens producit alumnos- 610 Hie magicos affert cantus, hie Thessala vendit Philtre, quibus valeat meutem vexare mariti Et solea pulsare nates. Quod desipis, inde est ; Inde animi caligo et magna oblivio rerum, Quas modo gessisti. Tamen hoe tolerabile, si nou 615 Et furere incipias, ut avunculus ille Neronis, Cui totam tremuli froutem Caesonia pulli tto, et titdum iiisolenlem ludere perti- familieB mentem niece; Plaut. Amph. nax, transinitlat incertos hotiores, tiunc mi/ii, ii/fiic alii benigtia. laiido nianen- tem : xi celeres (/tiatit pennas, resigno iHid agunt homines; i, 85. ' Our predecessors,' viz. Lucilius, Horace, Persius, PRA. who confined themselves to re-al life. R. -270 THE SATIRES SAT. VI. Grande Sopliocleo carmen baccliamur hiatu, Monlibus ignotuni Rutulis ccelocjue Latino. Nos ntinani vani ! scd clanuit Pontia, " Feci, Conliteor, pueriscjue meis acouita paravi, 640 Qiuc de})rcnsa patent : lacinus tanien ipsa peregi." Tune duos una sasvissima vipera cocna ? Tune duos ? " Septem, si septem forte fuissent." Credamus tragicis, quidquid de Colchide torva 636. ' We rave as thougli inspired, (Stat. S. i, 2, 258 ; ) in the deep-mouthed tones of the Athenian bard, (Mart, iii, 20, 7 ;) a theme of terrific grandeur.' FAR.LUB. PRA.R. The tragic masks were maii^ri*CTif Call. H. Apol. 24; Luc. JNigr. t. i, p. 60; carmen hiare; Prop, ii, 31, 6; (BKH.) Pers. v, 3; (KG.) Prud. c. Sym. ii, 6-16; R. s.iii, 175. 637. ' The Rutulians' were an an- cient people of Latium, and the sub- jects of Turnus. BRI. s.iii, 84 f; xii, 103; 105. R. 638. Vani, i. e. nienilaces ct injidi et levia inaniaf/ue pro gravibus et veris astutissime cojnp&nenfes ; Gell. xviii, 4. R. The story of Pontia was well known at Rome. Indeed, it so happens, that there were two monsters of this name, and that the history of either would have answered our author's purpose. (1 ) The first was the daughter of Publius Petronius and the wife of Vectius Bo- lanus, a man of high rank and estima- tion, who gave her twin-children poison, in the time of Nero. Her attempt failed, for the Protrepticon of Statius, written in the beginning of Domitian's reign, is addressed to one of them, who was still a mere youth. It would seem from this poem that the mother was put to death by the latter emperor : exegit pwnas, hmninum cui cura suorinn, i/ito Pietas auctore redil terrasi/iie revisit^ ffitem liuift iimnn nrfas: V. S. ii, 90 ff. (2) The other Pontia, to whom Juvtnal more particularly alludes, was the wife of Drymis ; whose family took care tf) perpetuate her crime by the following inscription on her tomb: pontia titi PONTII FILIA HEIC SITA SVM yVAE DVOBVS NATIS A ME VENENO CON- SVMPTIS AVAEITIAE OPVS MISERE MIHI MORTEM CONSCIVI. TU UVIS- yvis Es yvi hac transis si pivs es yvAEso A me ocvlos averte. It is not unprofitable to remark, that this wretched woman was driven to escape by self-murder from the reproaches of her own conscience. To one of these females, Martial addressed the following witty epigram : cum mittis turdumve 7ni/n qnadramve placenta; sive femur Icporis sit'C r/i/id his simile ; biicceUas misisse tuas te, Pontia, dicis : has ego ncc mittam, Pontia, sed nee edam; vi, 76; Sch. GIF. PRH. HOL. id. ii, 34, 6. PR A. Feci is the word used by a culprit in pleading guilty ; [Vir. M. ix, 427;] as J'ecisse videtur are the words of the prsetor in finding a person guilty. Mart, ix, 16, 2. R. 639. Aconita; see note on i, 168. PRA. 640. ' Therefore it i.s bootless to deny the fact.' Withc/'/rt? understand ^arri- cidia, LUB. or jacinora, R. 641. The female viper is said to de- stroy the male, and to be destroyed by her own young. Plin. viii ; SVL. id. x, 62 ; Arist. H. A. v, last. PRA. " Did you say all? what, all? oh, hell-kite ! all ? At one fell swoop ?" Shaksp. Macb. iv, 3. 642. Tune duos? [Sir Edward Coke, in the trial of Sir Walter Raleigh, says to the prisoner at the bar: " All that Lord Cobbam did was by thy instiga- tion, thou viper;] For I thou thee, thou traitor!" [Hargrave's State Trials, vol. i, p. 216 ; Shakspeare, Twelfth Niijht, iii, 2.] See Senec. M. 952 ff. Ii. 643. Tragicis; Sophocles, Euripides, SAT. vr. OF JUVENAL. 271 Dicitur et Procne : nil contra conor. et illae 645 Grandia nionstra suis audebant temporibus ; sed Non propter numos. Minor admiratio summis Debelur monstris, quoties facit ira nocentem Hunc sexum et rabie jeeur incendente feruntur Praecipites; ut saxa jugis abrupta, quibus mons 650 Subtraliitur, clivoque latus pendente recedit. Illam ego non tulerim, quae coraputat et scelus ingens Sana facit. Spectant subeuntem fata mariti Alcestim et, similis si permutatio detur, Morte viri cupiant animara servare catellac. 655 Occurrent multaj tibi Belides atque Eriphylae and Seneca; PRA. Apollod. i, 9, 28; iii, 14, 8; Virg. E. vi, 79. HY. * Meden,' the daughter of ^Eetes king of Colchis and the wife of Jason, de- stroyed her children when her husband forsook her for Glance. Just, xlii ; Diodor. v, 3; Eur. and Sen. M. Ov. M. vii, I ff. PRA. R. 644. Procne, the daughter of Pandion king of Athens, and wife of Tereus king of Thrace, slew Itys her son and served him up to his father's table, in revenge for the violence offered by Te- reus to her sister Philomela. L UB. Ov. M. vi, 424 ff; PRA. R. [Ov. lb. 436.] * I have nothing to urge against the credibility of those stories, after what we have witnessed in our own days.' 645. Gra/i'/ia tiionstra, and summa monstra, 64G f ; see note on 286. R. 646. ' Not for filthy lucre,' and, con- sequently, not in cold blood. 647. Aitt awnl nut odit feniina, nil est tertiinn; P. Syrus. LUB. See note on 13.5; MAI). notit7n,fifrensf/i/id /cmina posnil; Virg. ^.v, 6; Cic. Off. i, 8 end ; Sen. Med. 579 ff; Hor. Od. i, 16, 5 ff. R. 64X. Jf'citr; see note on i, 45. R. 649. I'liror irnque iiienlcm prfi'cipi- (ant; Virg. .'E. ii, 310. 650. .See Horn. 11. N 137 ff; Virg. JE. xii, 684-689; (HY.) R. note on iii, 268. 651. ' Who calculates.' permuUum interest i/tnnn perturhntione nlif/iia animi, r/i/ce pkrumijue hrevis est et nd tempus ; an runsutlo et eogitnto futt in- juria: leviitrn enim sunt en iju/r re- pentino nlii/no vintii nrridiint^ qiinni en qxtcB medilata et prceparaia inferuntur ; Cic.Oft'.i,27? PRA. nemo ad humantnn sanguinem propter ipsiim venit aiit ad- inodnm pauci . plures computant, qiiam oderitnt : nudum htro transmit/if ; Sen. Ep. 14. R. 652. 'In her right mind:' see note on ii, 18. R. 653. When the oracle declared, that Admetus king of Thessaly would not recover from a dangerous illness, unless some one were found who would volun- teer to die in his stead ; no one else came forward, and therefore his wife Alcestis, daughter of Pelias king of Thessaly, devoted her own life for the preservation of her husband. Diod. v ; SVL. ApoU. i, 9, 15 ; Je. Plat. D. de Am. Eurip. Ale. Cic. T. Q. T, 78; PRA. s. Hor. Od. iii, 9, 11 f; 15 f. 654. ' If they had a like option, they would sacrifice their husbands to save their lap-dogs.' LUB. 655. Danaus and iEgyptus, the two sons of Reins, had each of them fifty children ; those of Danaus were all daughters and those of ^''gyptus sons. These cousins were all married in one day ; and the Pmiaides, that same night, slew their husbands (excepting Hyper- mnestra who spared Lynceus) and were condemned, after death, to draw water from the infernal streams in perforated buckets. Ov. M. iv, 461 f; LVB. PRA. Hor. Od. iii, 1 1 , 22 ff; (MI.) MAD. Hyg. F. 170; Ov. Her. 14; ApoU. ii, 1, 4; and Tib. i, 3, 79; (HY.) R. fOv. lb. 179; 367 f; iEsch. P. V. and S. M.] Flriphyte, the daughter of Talaus 27'2 THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. SAT. VI. Mane : Clylivuincstram nullus non vicus liabebit. Hoc tantiun vefeit, quod Tyndaris ilia bipeniicm Insulsatn et latuaui dextra ht-vaque tcnebat. At nunc res agitur tcnui i)ulnione rubetaj ; 660 Scd tamen et ferro, si pra^gustabit Atrides Pontica ter victi cautus medicamina regis. and sister of Adrastus, was the wife of Ainpliiaraus ; who, aware (from hia skill in prophecy) that he should fall if he went to the Theban war, concealed himself. Kriphylc, however, discovered her husband to Polynices for the bribe of a gold necklace : ami, in the war of the Epigoni, she in like manner (for the sake of a handsome robe) betrayed her son Alcmwon to Thersander. con- c'uUt augnris Argivi domiis, oh lucrum dcmcrsa edido; Hor. Od. iii, 1(5, 11 ft'; (MI.) PRA. LUB. Ath. vi, 4; Apoll. iii, 6, 2; vii, 2; 6; {HY.) R. [JEscb. Th.] 65G. Occurrent uianc ; see v, 64 ; notes on vi, 572 ; and GOl. R. Cli/tcenmcstra, the daughter of Tyn- darus and Leda, was living in adultery with .-Egisthus, when the expedition re- turned from Troy. At the instigation of her paramour she slew her husband Agamemnon in the bath-room with an axe. Sch. PRA. [Aif^ch. Ag.] G57. Seruri divisit medium fortis- sima Tyndnridarum ; Hor. S. i, 1 , 99 f. MAD. " But here the diflbrence b"es ; those bungling wives With a blunt axe hack'd out their husband's lives: While now, the deed is done with dex- trous art, And adrugg'd bowl performs the axe's part. Yet if the husband. prescient of his fate, Have fortified his breast with mithridate, S?hc bafUes him e'en there, and has recourse To the old weapon, for a last resource." GIF. [Eur. O. 360 «•.] (358. The epithets belong as much to the agent as to the instrument. R, 659. ' The business is settled.' FAR. ' A toad ;' see note on i, 70. PRA. 660. ' Not but what a Roman Tyn- daris could handle a sword upon a pinch.' FAR. [Eur. M. 394.] ' Her Atrides,' i. e. ' her lord and master.' FAR. 661. ' So wary as to fortify himself against the effects of poison with the antidote of Mithridates, king of Pontus ; who was vanquished the first time by the good fortune of Sulla, the second time by the valour of Lucullus, the third time by the greatness of Pompey. Plin. xxiii,24; Sch.F^R. Cic. proL. Man. PRA. Pontus was famous for its potent drugs: Virg. E. viii, 95. PRA. 'Drugs.' Plin. xxiii, 7-9; xxv, 2; xxix, I; Gell. xvii, 16; Mart, v, 77; PRA. s. xiv, 262 ff; App. R. xi, 109 fiF; Dio xxxvii, 10 fl"; Seren. Samm. 60 ; 62; Cels. v, 23; Galen de Antid. ii, 1 f. This antidote was to be taken every morning, fasting. HOL. R. SATIRE VII. ARGUMENT. This Satire was probably written in the early part of Domitian's reign. It contains an animated account of the general discouragement under which literature laboured at Rome. RFen of learning had, in fact, none but the Emperor, to whom they could look for patronage. 1 . .37. Beginning with Poetry, 30 ff. it proceeds with great regularity through the various departments of History, 98 ft'; Law, 106 ff; Oratory, Rhetoric, 150 ff; and Grammar; 215 ft'; interspersing many curious anecdotes, and enlivening each dift'erent head with such satirical, humour- ous, and sentimental remarks, as naturallj' flow from the subject. GIF. As for Poetry; many of the rich nobles were poetasters themselves, and rewarded a poem with a song ; 38 f : the utmost stretch of their muni- ficence was to lend a tumble-down out-house, for the poet to fit up for his own recitation: 32. .49. But poetry and poverty can never flourish in the same soil. 50. .97. As for Law ; the only artifice by which Lawyers could get into practice, was by pretending to be above the want of it; even though such trickery often ruined them outright. 106.. 149. But none were more to be pitied than the poor drudges who had to keep school, 150 ff. They, after wasting their time upon dunces, 159 ff; and Buft'ering the pranks of incorrigible boys, 213 f; got nothing but blame that their pupils did not prove paragons of genius and gentility. 158 f. The education of children seemed the only point in which parents were niggardly; 178.. 188: and even the little which they spent on this, thej' would not part with, till wrested from them by legal process. 228 f. And the Grammarian, unless he were a thorough proficient in philology, history, mythology, &c. &c. would never have a single day-scholar. 229.. 243. R. 2 N '274 THE SATIRES SAT. VI f. Et S})es et ratio studionim in Cacsare tantum Solus enim tristcs hac tcinpestate Camenas Respexit, quum jam cclebres notique poctae Balneoluiu Gabiis, Ronnc conducere fiirnos 5 Tentai'ent, nee foedum alii nee turpe putarent 1. ' Whatever hopes of reward or motives for study literary rnen may have, are entirely owing to Caesar.' Which of the Caesars is here meant, is a matter of controversy: (1) Nero: (•2) Titus: (3) Trajan; 'who built the Ulpian library, Plin. Pan. 47: BRI. GRA.R. (4) Hadrian; ^pnrtian. 3 ; 10 : R. (5) Nerva; Mart, viii, 70 ; ix, 27; xii, 6; but he, though a poet himself, was little disposed to patronise poetry in others : (6) Domitian ; Sch. LUB. SM. GV. who, whatever vices he had, was a patron of the Muses, FAR. especially in the commence- ment of his reign ; Suet, xii, 9 ; quo nee pra'sentiin alifjiiid nee stud/is niagis propitium numcn est; Quint. Pr. iv. FRA. Quintilian, Martial, Statias, Flaccus, and other learned men, tasted of bis bounty, MAD. and sang his praises with more gratitude, perhaps, than truth. This dutiful prince had once an idea of contesting the empire with his father : finding the armies, however, averse to his designs, he re- tired from all public business, and, with a specious appearance of content, lived in a kind of solitude; pretending that poetry, and literary pursuits in general, were his only passion. This ma,«k he continued to wear during the reign of Titus ; and whether it was that habit begot a kind of nature, or that he thought it dangerous to lay aside the hypocrite too soon, he did certainly patronise the arts at his accession. That he afterwards changed his senti- ments, and fell suddenly upon men of letters, is equally certain : but this may be readily accounted for, from his dis- position, which was at once crafty and violent; as represented byXiphilin,lxvii, beginning. According to the custom of the emperors in selecting some favourite deity for their worship, Domitian made choice of Minerva. Hi-* attachment to this goddess is frequently noticed by Juvenal's contempoiaries. Thus Mar- tial, in that detestable medley of flattery and impiety, ix, 4; Pallada pree- tcrco : re.i agit ilia tuns; 10; Suet, xii, 15. Massinger in his Roman Actor has several ingenious and truly classical allusions to the reliance which the tyrant fondly placed on the partiality of this deity. A Pallas very generally accompanies Domitian on the reverse of his coins : Beger. Numism. xxxii, 4. And we learn from a passage of Philo- strates, that the emperor publicly de- clared himself to he the son of Pallas, and required accordingly that divine honours should be paid to him. Vit. Apoll. vii, 24; Plin. Pan. xxxiii, 4. This satire would appear to have been written in the early part of Doraitian's reign ; and Juvenal, by giving the emperor " one honest line" of praise, probably meant to stimulate him to ex- tend his patronage. He did not think very ill of him at the time, while he augured happily for the future. And, indeed, the bitter mortification he felt at finding his predictions falsified, and his ' sole patron of literature' changed, in a few years, into a ferocious and bloody persecutor of all the arts, might have exasperated his resentment, and generated that intense hatred with which he pursues his memory. GIF. CW, L. ix, p. 215-217. 3 Respexit; Virg. E. i, 28, 30. PRA. 4. ' A small bagnio.' MAD. The diminutive is used in aggravation. R. ' At Gabii' of all places in the world ! See iii, 192 ; and vi, 56. PRA. Conducere iii, 38 &c. ' Public ovens,' Sch. so as not to starve either with hunger or with cold. LUB. f/ui/r/gus collegit, furnos et balnea laudat ; Hor. Ep. i, 11, 12 f. GRA. 5. Tentarent ; any thing, in short, to turn an honest penny. See the account of Cleanthes, note on ii, 7; and D. Laert. vii. PRA. SAT. VI I. OF JUVENAL. •275 Praecones fieri, quuni, desertis Aganippes Vallibus, esimens migravet in atria Clio. Nam, si Pieria quadrans tibi nullus in umbra Ostendatur, ames nomeu victumque Machcerae 10 Et vendas potius, commissa quod auctio vendit Stantibus, csnopliorum, tripodas, armaria, cistas, Alcyonem Pacci, Thebas et Terea Fausti. Hoc satius, quam si dicas sub judice " Vidi," Quod non vidisti. Faciant equites Asiani 6. The occupation of a public crier, though ungenteel, was lucrative : artes discerc vult pecuniosas ? praeconem facias vel archUectum ; Mart, v, 56, 8 j 11; LUB. vi,8, 5; Theoph. Ch. vi ; (C5.) li. iii, 157. MAD. j4ganippe a fountain of Helicon in Bceotia sacred to the Muses ; or that from which the river Permessus takes iXs rise. Call. t. i, p. 560 ; Sch. Virg. E. X, 11 f ; (Serv.) Paus. i-s, 29 ; Prop, ii, 10, 25 f. R. 7. Jtria (1) ' The Licinian Courts' and others near the forum were the places in which auctions were held : T. ab atrits Liciniis atque a prcEConum cotusesstt ; Cic. for Quint. 12 ; 25 ; id in atrits auctionariis potius quam in triviis et cunipitis audionentur \ id. Ag. i, 7« PRA. or (2) ' 'I he antechambers of the great.' BJH. s. 91 ; i, 95 f ; Hor. Ep. i, 5, 31 ; Mart, i, 71, 12 &c; iii, 38, 11 f. «. See also 37. C'/io (from *Xeay ' renown'), ' the epic muse,' is here put for ' the poor poet.' LUB. 8. Pieria; iv, 36 ; PRA. s. 6; 58 £f; Hor. <)d. ii, 1, :ii); Od. iii, 4, 40. It. Qiw/rans; i, 121 ; vi, 447 ; PRA. see note on i, 40; which will show why it was called teriincins. R. 9. Machwra is generally supposed to have been a famous crier of that time. LUB. 10. Cn/Hiiiissa (\) 'by commission' from the magistrate or from the owners of the property : (a. ix, 93-96. MAD.) Or (2) in which the bidders are ' pitted against each other:' BR. s. i, 163, note. MAD. Auctio so called froui the price being augmented by each bidding. BR. 1\. (F.nopliorum ; vi, 426. R. Tripodas, ' tables, seats, vases, or cauldrons, supported by three feet.' See note on Her. viii, 82. 12. Alcyone, Thebes, and Tereus are the names of three miserable poems, probably tragedies; Sch. which were sold among other lumber. MAD. s. i, 2 ff; .52 ff. The story of Alcyone and Ceyx her husband, who were both transformed into birds, occurs in Ov. M. xi, 270 ff; 544 ff ; L UB. Apoll. i, 7, 4 ; 9 ; iii, 10, 1. (Hr.) R. Of Paccius nothing further is known. The variety of reading in these lines is of little consequence. For, luckily, the works of these poets did not long sur- vive (it may be, preceded) them ; or, to borrow the felicitous expression of a lady lamenting the premature fate of her infant, " Their babes, which ne'er received the gift of breath, Did pass before them through the gates of death !" GIF. The family of the Labdacidce, who reigned at ' Thebes,' afforded inex- haustible themes for tragedy. L UB. Tareus; vi, 644, note. PRA. Faustus may be the same person tut Martial ridicules ; xi, 64. R. 13. ' It is better thus to get an honest livelihood, than by perjury to amass an equestrian fortune, as rascally foreigners do.' PRA. Sub Judice; iv, 12; xvi, 29. /?. 14. ' Now knights, once slaves.' L UB. Pers. v, 79 ; PRA. Petron. 29 ; 63. R. Or ' needy foreigners, who flock to Rome, in order to make their fortunes by their wits, and wear gold rings in order to pass for knights.' AC'JL 'Asiatic •.'s.iji,58-123; Mart.x,76.i\'. '27H THE SATIRES SAT. VII. 15 Quamquam et Cappadoces laciaut equitesque Bithyni, Altera cpios mido traducit Gallia talo. Nemo tainen studiis indignum f'cne laborem Cogc'tur posthac, nectit quicumque canoris Eloquiuui vocale modis laurumque raomordit. 20 Hoc agite, O juvenes: circunispicit et stimulat vos Matcriainque sibi ducis indulgentia quKiit. Si qua aliunde putas rerum exspectanda tuarum Prjcsidia atque ideo croccaB membrana tabellae Inipletur ; lignorum aliquid posce ocius et, quaj 25 Componis, dona Veneris, Thelesine, marito 15. Cappadocia was a country of Lesser Asia, between Galalia and Ar- menia. PR A. r^ice. Ka-jcra. Kaxirra, Kg?- Tij, KfltcrwaSoxsf, K/Xixif Suid. LUJi. Minor/s Asice pupulis nulla fides est adhibenda ; Cie. for Flac. s. Titus i, 12. MAD. This people (according to the Scholiast on Pers. vi, 77;) were from their infancy habituated to the torture, so as to be well trained for false wit- nesses. R. Bit/ti/nia, another country of Lesser Asia, between Phrygia and the Bos- porus. PRA. 16. ' The other Gaul' i. e. Galatia or Gallogreecia; Sch. Flor. ii, 11. LUB. ' Barefooted ;' s. i, 1 1 1 ; PRA. Claud, xviii, 35 ft'; and Pers. vi, 77- KG. Or ' so poor that they had not a shoe to their feet.' MAD. ' Transplants,' MAD. ' transports.' LUB. 18. 19. A periphrasis for * a good poet.' Sch. nuvieris nectere verba ; Ov. Pont, iv, 2, 30; Quint, viii, 3, 16. R. 19. Bards were called Sa^mipayo*' Lycoph. (MS.) Sophocl. from their ' chewing the bay,' by which they fancied themselves to become inspired. GRA. FAR. Hor. Od. iii, 30, 16; (BY.) Call. H. Del. 94; (S.V.) Tib. ii, 5, 65; Theoph. Ch. xvi, 1. (C'S.) R. 20. Hoyayite! 48. This expression is familiar in Terence; Eun. i, 2, 19; 60; ii, 3, 55; And. i, 2, 15; ii,5, 5; iii, 5. 8 ; &c. MAD. R. It calls the at- tention of those addressed to the matter in band ; it was the form used in solemn rites, G Y. and uttered by the crier when a magistrate was sacrificing or taking Huspices. GRA. BR. Like the admonition of the bedel to the candi- dates, in the ceremonial of conferring ordinary degrees at Oxford, " You will all attend, gentlemen !" 21. Dux is used as synonymous with Imperator \ ii, 104; iv, 145: R. see note on ffr^arfiyit' Her. v, 38, [17-] 22. ' From any other quarter thaa from Cffisar.' Sch. 23. (1) < The skins' on which they wrote were white within, and ' yellow' on the back where the hairs of the animal grew: liber et bicolor positis m embrana capillis ; Pers. iii, 10. (CS.) SVL. (2) When the book was made up into a volume, a small piece of ' coloured parchment was pasted on the outside, which served not only as a cover, but as a label to the work when it was placed in the bookcase. Cat. p. m. 52 ff; (FO.) Tib. iii, 1,9, ft"; {HY.) PC.(RM.) (3) They also used to rub the skins, when filled, with oil of cedar or citron to preserve them from moths and worms. (RM.) Plin. xiii, 13 ; (HD.) Ov. Tr. i, 1, 5. (HS.) R. (4) Many of their books were made up into leaves and pages, like ours, and put into cedar boards : see 100. * A book bound in yellow Morocco.' ACH. s. i, 6 f. 24. Ocius ; oiiic av (fSaveii aiTur see note on Her. vii, 162, [33.] 25. ' Tlie husband of Venus,' o av«j T?« Kvlrt^nc Anacr. xlv, 1 ; for ' Vul- can,' and tuatfor ' the fire'; LUB. [per- mittcre finmmae^ Vir. ^. iv, 640 : Charles 1st, when Prince of Wales, puts this postscript to a letter to the Duke of Buckingham: " I hope ye will not show the king this letter, but put it in the safe custodie of Mister SAT. VII. OF JUVENAL. 277 Aut claude et positos tinea pertunde libellos. Frange miser calamos vigilataque proelia dele, Qui facis in parva sublimia carmina cella, Ut dignus venias hederis et imagine macra. 30 Spes nulla ulterior: didicit jam dives avarus Tantum admirari, tantum laudare disertos, Vulcan;" H, Hist. Ric. 2di, p. 405.] quo ambutas (n, qui Vidcamtm in cornu conclusum geris? 'Where are you going with your horn lanthern ?'' Plaut. Amph.i, 1. PRA. puella Veneri vovit, poetcn script a tardipedi deo dafwam, infeticibus usfulanda /ignis; Cat. .^xsvi, 1 &c ; i//a velim rapida Vutc-mus carmina Jiajnnia torreat; Tib. i, 9, 49 f. R. Thus Ceres is used foi ' corn,' Bacchus for ' wine,' N e p t u 1 e for ' the sea,' Jupiter for * the aifj' M ars for ' war,' &c. s. also Hor. Od-. i, 25, 19 f ; 26, 2 f; Her. Tii, 141, .1. 100 ; [Lucr. ii, 654-658 ; Hooker, R. P. i, 3.J ThelesiTiiis may be the poet to whom this satire U addressed : LUB. perhaps the same ptJ-son as mentioned Mart, iii, 40; vi, 1 ; X>ii, 25. R. 26. ' Perforate with the worm,' i. e. ' leave them for the book-worm to de- vour.' SVL. Mart, xi, 1, 14 ; xiv, 37, 2; Hor. S. ii, 3, 119; Ep. i, 20, 12; Ov. Pont, i, 1, 72. R. 27. Frange leves calamos et scinde, Thalia, libellos ; Mart, ix, 74, 9 ; PRA. frange, pner, calamos et inanes desere Miisas; Calp. iv, 23. Ii. Vigilata ' which have C( st you many a sleepless night.' MAD. Ov. F. iv, 109; (HS.) Virg. G. i, 313; (BU.) Stat. Th. xii, 811. (BA.) thus, mi/tto labore sudatiim thorara; Sii. iv, 434. R. Either (I) ' destroy' with the flames, or (2) ' obliterate' witli the blunt upper end of the style, while they are still on the waxen tablet and not yet transferred to the parchment, or (3) ' erase' with pumice-htone, after they have been copied out fairly : the |)archments were then called nn Demosthenes, Academia cum Pla- tonic relicta^ sectatus est; Am- raian. xxx, 4 ; is imitated from this passage. HNR. see note on 7. ^de 'the temple;' cedes, 40; 'a private house :' note on iii, 31. R. 38. ' Yields' in his own conceit. MAD. This whole passage ridicules the ahsurd itch for writing which per- vaded all classes, s. i, 1 ft. R. 'Homer;' vi, 436. PRA. 39. He judges of wit, as of wine, by its age: as though Homer had little else, save liis antiquity, to recommend him; s. Hor. Ep. ii, 1, 18 ff. LUB. An opinion which Horace justly ex- plodes. R. 'A thousand years' in round numbers ; 8. Veil. P. i, 5; and SM, p. 866. R. Homer lived about 160 years before the building of Rome; Sch. and in y. r. 840 ( = 1000 years) Juvenal would be between forty and fifty. ' If you are particularly anxious to recite your poems, and will be contented with empty fame, without any more substantial marks of approbation, he will accommodate you with a large emptj- room, painted with damp, and tapestried with cobwebs;' Plin. H. N. xi, 24 s 2K; Horn. Od. n 3;j ; {CK.) Prop, iii, 4, :«; (liKII.) Anth. Lat. t. ii,p.564; (/Jt/.) Tib.i, 10,49; {IIY.) Cat. xiii, H; and ixviii, 49; {D. R. 280 THE SATIRES SAT. VII. Cju.vquc rejiortandis posita est orchestra cathedris. Nos tamen hoc agimus tenui(iuc in pulvere sulcos Ducimus et litus stcrili versanius aratro. 50 Nam si discedas, laquco tenet ambitiosi Consuetude niali : tenet insanabile multos Scribendi cacoethes et ajgro in corde senescit. Sed vatem egi*egium, cui non sit publica vena, Qui nihil expositum soleat deducere nee qui 55 Comrauni feriat cai-men triviale moncta, Hunc, qualem nequeo monstrare et sentio tantum, 4 7. The chairs, being merely hired for the occasion, were ' to be carried back' and paid for, as soon as done with. LUB.FRA. Orchestra \ iii, 178. PRA. 48. ' We are busilv intent upon our unprofitable task.' SVL. s.20; M/lD.i, 17 f. n. ' To sow seeds on the sands' and ' to plow the sea-shore' were proverbs to ex- press ' labour in vain.' ER. f/iiid arena semina mainlas ? nun priij'ecfiir/s litora hubus ara.s; Ov. Her. 5, 115 f ; SVL. s. i, l.")7, note. MAD. 49. 'Sterile,' i.e. without the prospect of any return for our trouble ; 203; xii, 97; Mart, i, 77, 14; x, 18, 3. R. Vert ere 'to turn,' versare ' to keep turning.' 50. ' If you trv to draw off.' PRA. ' Holds enchained.' s xiii,239ff. R. 'Vain-glorious;' aynbit iosa pau- pertas; iii, 182; Liv. xlv, 36,8; {G.) Quint, i, 2, 22. (SPA.) R. 51. ' Custom,' which is second nature. seu utiipor liuic studio, sive est insania nomen; Ov. Tr. i, 11, 11 . PLT. 52. " The insatiate itch of scribbling Creeps, like a tetter, through the hu- man breast. Nor knows, nor hopes, a cure." GIF. xaK'v^ti was, properly, a kind of ulcer, very difficult to cure. Cels. V, 28, 2 ; Plin. xxii, 25 ; PRA. jd. xxiv, 3; 10. (rri.%a.i rnv tiiroi ov "iitafitti Pallad. XV, 4; tanta men conies est insania morho; Ov. Tr. ii, 15. R. [.Spectator No 582.] ^ro ' distempered.' MAD. LUB. Corde ; i, 45. R. 63. Ingenitim cui sit, cui mens di- vinior, aff/ue os mngtia sonaturum, des nominis hujus honorem ; Hor. S. i, 4, 43 f. PRA. yovif/,o\i St •jrtmTri* aw ol^ t'v^oif in, ^tiTcuf ay, oVt/j p>if*a yittccTov XdKo, Arist. R. 96 f. FAR. Poeta nascitur, non Jit ; therefore it is absurd for any one to attempt to turn poet for the sake of bread, s. iii, 78 ; Hor. Ep. ii, 2, 51 ; Pers. pr. 8, ff. {CS.) An Augustus and a Msecenas are not to be met with in every age. 62. R. ' A poetical vein :' a metaphor from mining. R. ego nee studium sine diviie vena, nee rude quid /jossit video in- genium; Hor, A. P. 409 ff. PRA. 54. Ed'pusitum ' vulgar.' Qaint. ii, 6, 19; (SPA.) X, 5, 11 ; Stat. S. i, 2, 24 ; Theb. ii, 188. R. ' To spin out.' GV. 224; ienui de- ducta poemata filo; Hor. Ep. ii, 1, 225 ; Ov. Tr. i, 1, .39 ; Pont, i, 5, 13 ; tnhrfiiti aoiSas- Antip. Ep. Ixx ; Tib. iv, 1,211; Pers. v, 5 ; (CS.) R. s. proferre and produccre 'to issue,' in Hor. A. P. 58 f. 65. " He, from the glowing mint of fancy, pours No spurious metal, fused from common ores. But gold, to match- less purity refined. And stamp'd with all the godhead in his mind." GIF. Ferire ' to hit off.' MAD. Non tu in triviis, indocte, solebas stridenti 7niserum stipula disperdere carmen? Virg. E. iii, 26. PRA. ef- fugiendum estabomniverborum vilitate, et sumendoB voces a plebe summotce ; Pe- tron. GV. Cic. for Mur. 6 beginning; s. X, 22; Ov. Tr. iv, I, 6 ff; Calp. i, 28. ( WF.) R. * Stamp.' GrcRcos voces Latitia mo- ncta per cuter e; Apul. Ap. p. 293, 33 ; Sen. Ep. 34, end; licebit signatum preesente nota producere nomen; Hor. A. P. 68 f. (BY.) R. PRA. SAT. vir. OF JUVENAL. •281 Auxietate carcns animus facit, omnis acerbi Impatiens, cupidus silvarum aptiisque bibendis Fontibus Aouidum. Neque enim cantare sub antvo 60 Pierio thyrsumve potest contingere saiia Paupertas atque aens inops, quo nocte dieque Coi*jDus eget : satur est, quum dicit Horatius evce ! Quis locus ingenio, nisi quum se carmine solo Vexant et dominis Cirrhae Nysaeque feruntur ()5 Pectora nostra, duas non admittcntia curas } 57. Ov. Tr. V, 12 ; Hor. 0«1. i, 26, 1. R. 68. ' Impatient of resti aiut ;' GIF. ' exempt from suftering." R. Carmina sccessinn scrihentii> el otia (fuarunl; Ov. Tr. i, 1, 41 ; scrijj/oruin chorus omnis ani'it nemus ct fiigit urbes, rite cliens Bncchi so7nno gau- deiitis et tnnhru; Hor. Ep. ii, 2, 77 f: PR A. Hfii'c/iiim in remotis carwina rupibas vii/i iloccntem ; Od. ii, 19 f; (Ml.) Sell. Me gelidinn iiemus seceruit pnimlu] ib. i, 1,'.S0; 32 ; iv, 3, 10-12; s. 8; Tac. de Or. 9 end. R. 59. ' Aonian Nymphs.' In Bceotia, (the mountainous part of which was called Aonia, MAD.) there were many spots sacred to the Muses; LUB. as Hippocrcne, Helicon, Aganippe, s. G ; PRA. Vers. pr. 1 ; {KG.) Prop, ii, 8, I ft IT; R. Viru. E. vi, C5. (JO. ' Pierian,' 8 ; FAR. Hor. Od. i, 32, 1; ii, 1, 39; iii, 4, ^Q. (BY.) R. The thyrsi were ' the spears of Bac- chus and his votaries, enwreathed with vine-leaves and ivy.' PRA. The blow of the god's wand wa« supposed to com- municate inspiration ; and hence those thus inspired were calleil fv^trairXv-yts . GRA. see note on 58; [iv, 123; ar,i percitssil thijrso Inuilis Spes magna vip.iun cur, &(c\ Lucr. i, 921 ff; s. the " chiirming-rod" in Milt, f'om,] E.rrliiilit xfiHOS lleliriine piielus Demorriliis; Hor. A. P. 29« f. GRA. G). Paiiperlns i. e. ' a poor poet.' s. .53. H Inops; note on iii, 101. 02. If Horace (see S. ii, 49-54 ;) ever felt what it wa.s to want, it was hut for a Hhort time. He wafl in affluent cir- cumstances before the battle of ['hi- lippi, and three years after it, he was taken into the favour of Miix-enas; and his best poems were written subse- quently to this period. His Odes were mostly composed later than his Satires. MAD. R. Ei'w; Hor. Od. ii, 19, 5; 7. BRl. tlioi (from tS and oi); Virg Ai,. vii, 389; Ov. M. iv, 522; s. Eur. Ph. 600; B. 141 ; (BNS.) Arist. Th. 999; (BOU.) Sidon. Ep. viii, 9. R. 63. Spenser liad this passage in his thoughts, when he wrote the following noble lines: " The vaunted verse a va- cant head demaundes; Ne wont with crabbed care the Muses dwell ; Un- wisely weaves, that takes two webbes in hand. Who ever casts to compasse wightie prise, And thinkes to throwe out thundring words of threat. Let powre in lavish cups, and thriftie bittes of meate, For Bacchus fruite is friend to Phnebus wise ; And, when with wine the braine begins tosweat,The numbers flowe as fast as spring doth rise. Thou kenst not, Percie, how the rime should rage ; O if my temples were distain'd with wine. And girt in girlonds of wilde yvie twine. How I could reare the Muse on stately stage. And teach her tread aloft in buskin fine. With quaint Bellona in her t'(|uipage I'' Shop. Cal. ylCgl. x, 100 If. GIF. 64. Apollo and P.a( cluis were' tlic lords' of Cirrhaand Nysa: Sch.ofwhich the former wa-s the sea-port of Delphi near the base of Parnassus ; L UB, Mart. i,77; the latter some nioun(ain or city of the East ; but there wen,' no less than elev<'n places of this n;ime: Apoll. iii, 4, 3; ;.nil Virg. /E.vi,H()(;; (JIY.) Ii. Strab. XV : Diod. 1 Mart, iv, 44 ; PRA. from some one of which the god was called JJionysus. MAD. note on Her. iv, 87, [23.j" Feninfiir ; vi, 315, note. 66. ' Two cares,' poetry anSic ; Capit. Gord. 33. R. 77. Hanno the Carthaginian, accord- ing to Pliny, was thu first who ' tamed' a lion. T. 78. Nimirum ; ii, 104, note. R. C'ajiuni ; Ov. A. A. iii, 757. {SS.) R. 79. ' It is true that a wealthy per- ■son may write for fame, and fame only.' LUB. s. 81 ; quid pelitur sacris, nisi t ant u m fa m a , poefis ? hoc votum nostri sumina laboris habet; Ov. A. A. iii, 403 f. M. Annceus Lucanus, a very rich Roman knight, of Cordova in Spain, the son of L. Ann. Mella and nephew of Seneca the tragedian, and an intimate friend of Saleius Bassus and Persius?. According to Quintilian, he was an ora- tor rather than a poet : X, 1. He was at first a favourite with Nero, hut was put to death by that tyrant in the flower of his age. Tac. xv ; RRA. Id. xvi, 17. R. Hortis ; H. Ov. Tr. i, 1 1, 3" ; ACH. Plin. xix, 4 ]ir. Cic. OH', iii, 14 ; It. i, 75, note. 80. Serrniius (s. Virg. .'E. vi, 815 ; {HS.) Cio. Rose. Am. 18; Plin. xviii, 3 ; Val. Max. iv, 4, »;) wax a family name of the Atilian dan. Plin. iii, 14; Sil. vi, 62; (D.) PZ, An. Hist, i, p. 24; 33. Nothing furthfr is known of this poet except that he was over head and ears in debt to a money-lender. Mart, iv, 37, 3. R. Bassus Saleius was another of our author's contemporaries, who was ' poor in purse,' but rich in merit and poetical talents. LUB. absolufissiinits poeta, according to Tacitus, D. Or. 5; 9; see notes on ."55 and 40 ; who also mentions that he once received a present of live hundred sestertia from Vespasian, (a prodigious effort of generosity in that frugal prince:) and this was sufficient perhaps to malje Domitian neglect him ; for he was not over-fond of imitating his father. GIF. PRA. Mart, iii, 47; 58; V, 24 ; 54 ; vii, 95 ; viii, 10. R. 83. The subject of ' the Thebaid' is the war between Polynices and Eteocles; Ponticus also wrote an epic poem on the same story ; (Prop, i, 7 ;) and it afforded a tlieme for tragedy to ^schylus, Se- neca, PRA. and Euripides. P. Papiuius Stiitiiis was a native of Naples. He was taken into favour by Domitian, and repaid the emperor's patronage by gross flattery. He spent tw Ive years on his ' Thebaid,' and died, soon after commencing the Achil- leid, A. D. 96. PRA. Suet, xii, 4; (CS.) Stat. S. iii, 1, 61 ff; 5, 28 ff; iv, 2, 6-2 ff; 5, 1 ff ; v, 3, 215 ff; 229 fl; Th. xii, 812 ff. (BA.) R. 84. Notice wa.s given, by bills, of * the day of recitation.' R. 86. ' He has broken the benches,' either ( 1 ) * by the crowds who flocked to hear his verses;' Suet, v, 41: or (2) ' by the vehemence of his recitation;' i, 12, note: or(3> * by the plaudits of the •jst THE SATIRES SAT. VIl. Esuiit, iiil;ictain I'aiidi nisi vendat Agaveii. Illo et militiic imiltis largitur lionorom, Seinostri vatuni digitos circuniligat auro. i)0 Quod non daut jn-i)ccre.s, dabit hislrio. Tu Camerinos Et Bareas, tu nobiliuin magna atria curas ? Prcul'ectos Pelopea facit, Philomela tribunes. auditors :' cognoscenti urn fjuof/ue fregevc mibsellia; Martian. Capell. hintc olim jierorantem, et rhctoricce sedilia plaiisi- Iti/i orafioiie frangentem ; Sidon. Ep. V. FAR. CS. R. 87. ' Never seen or heard by any one.' PBH. Bill, i, 1, note. /// fra- gicos mciiiinere modos: liis fab it la Terens, his necdum commissa chore cantatur Agave; Claud, xx, 363 f. R. Paris; vi, 87, note. PRA. Authors ' sohl' their pliiys to praetors, ediles, or others who exhibited public games. Ter. Hec. pr. i, 7 ; ii, 49; Ov. 'I'r. ii, 507 tl'. R. A poem (most probably, a tragedy) on the story of Agave, daughter of Cad- mus and Harmonia, mother of Pentheus by Ecbion, kinp; of Thebes. Her son was transformed into a boar, and torn to pieces by his mother and aunt, in their Bacchanalian revels. Hygin. 184 ; FRH. BRl. Pers. i, 100 ff; PRA. Hor. S. ii, 3, 303; Ov. M. iii, 501 fV; MAD. s. 7i; Stat. Th. iii, 190; iv, 565; xi, 318. R. 88. ' This actor too has the disposal of many a commission in the army.' PRA. "s. 92. R. 89. In other words, ' makes them military tribunes for six mouths.' iu» 01 ;^iXi a ^ ^0 1, luiy iXarTovciiv trihr,^o- f»^evtTaiy' App. R. viii, 104; s. i, 28, note. These were divided into hfi- clavii (who were styled ' illustrious knif;hts;' cgregii; x, 95, note; iv, 32, note;) Hud angusticlavii, (the former of seUTitorial, the latter of equestrian families; Suet, ii, 38; viii, 10; Tac. A. ii, 59; xi, 4.) the purple border which they wore being either broad or narrow accordingly. L.SM. This border seems to have answered the purpose of gold lace in our days. The boatswains and boatswains' mates at Greenwich Hospital are distinguished by the broad or narrow gold lace on their coats and hats; if the comparison be not derogatory to the svmcstres mi- titioli, as the author of Juveual's life calls them. I wish there were any authority for supposing ' the six-months' or lialf- month's gold' to be so called from its conferring a permanent appointment, but with only half the annual stipend : so that the permission to wear it would give an honorary or brevet rank, (a real command, I am con- vinced, it never could,) which gave the possessor a claim to something like half-pay, without requiring actual service ; or, at any rate, to certain privileges and immunities. Livy v, 4, This favour (wliatever the precise na- ture of it might be) was bestowed by generals and prefects. Thus Pliny en- treats Sossius, one of Trajan's lieu- tenants, to confer this honour on the nephew of his friend C. Nepos: C. Calvisium Ncpote/n valdc diligo: hunc rogo s e m cstrit r ibiinat u sploulidi- orem et sibi et avunculo suo facias; Ep. iv, 4 ; and in another place, he transfers a tribuneship which he had obtained for Sui'toiiius, at the historian's own re- quest, to one of his relations : iii, 8. GIF. ED. 90. Histrio is a Tuscan word. Li v. vii, 2, [h and a;J V. Max. ii, 4. PRA. The Camerini viii, 38 ; R. were a family of the Sulpician clan. PRA. P. Sulp. Cameriniis was one of the tri- umvirs sent to Athens for Solon's laws. 91. The -Ba>r«? were of the Marcian clan. Tac. A. xii, 53; R. iii, 116. PRA. Atria ; note on 7. R. 92. Pelopea was the daughter of Thyestes ; jEgisthus was the offspring of their incestuous intercourse. LUB. 73note ; PRA. or XliXorna., thedaughter of Pflias: ApoUod. i, 9, 10; (i/F.) R. [Ov. lb. 361.] Facit ' guts the authors made-' s. iii, 1 16, note. SAT. VII. OF JUVENAL. 285 Haud tamen invideas vali, quern pulpita pascunt. Quis tibi Maecenas ? quis nunc erit aut Proculeius 95 Aut Fabius ? quis Cotta iterura .? quis Lentulus alter ? Tunc par ingenio pretium : tunc utile multis, Pallere et vinuin toto nescire Decembri. Philomela; vi, 644, note. LUB. It is said, that in consequence of this passage, Juvenal was banished from Rome; by whom, is a matter of dispute. Some say by Domitian, owing to a complaint by Paris. But why should he complain at all.^ Was he ashamed of his influence at court? He was more likely to have gloried in it. Others say by Hadrian, when Juvenal was an old man of fourscore, merely because these lines were supposed to cast some reflection upon an actor who was a great favourite with the emperor. If so, this imperial patron of letters was guilty of a most arbitrary stretch of authority, and a most unprovoked piece of crueltj-. GIF. 93. ' That lives by the stage.' Mschy- lits ef nwdicis insfrav't pu/pifa tig- 7iis; Hor. A. P. 279; VRA. iii, 174; MAD. s. «7 ; xiv, 257. R. 94. Mcerenas, by his generosity to Virgil and Horace, transmitted his name to future ages as an appellative for all munificent patrons of literature. LUli. PR A. Spenser has an allusion to these lines: *' But ah ! Mecajnas is yclad in claye. And great Augustus long ygoe is dead. And all the worthies liggen wrapt in lead. That matter made for poets on to playe : For ever, who in derring-doe were dread. The loftie verse of hem was loved aye;" Shep. Cal. ^gl. X, to fi'iya Ktx^ayUat tea.) ox^rioov tnai ko.) ttncxn ; tv Titif ^ixctioXoyovri f^ovot aWu xai Tilt iii^^afiiiiiit reuTo pf^^nri/u,of Luc. Tim. 11. These expressions are gene- rallv applied to bragcing. V. Flac. i,2(y2;(BU.) i'rop.ii, 1.0, 5.i.(FP.) K. 10!). Leei'iDii i/ui foilicef latus; Hor. Ep. i, (), 51 ; rnbito taiujere; S. ii,6, 42; IVrs. iv, M. R. 110. 'With a large account-book.' Cic. Verr. i, 30; (iii, 28; vii, 17;) for Koflc. Com. i f. PRA. R. Nomen ' a debt.' SVL. 111. ' The hollow bellows of his cheeks and lungs.' Sch. at In voncliisas hireinis follibiis aiirn.s nsfjiie laliiirantes ritim frrriim molli'il i;/>iis, itt mavis, i)iiilarr\ Hor. S. i, 4, i!) fV; In wijiie anhelanii, nniuiliir diim viassa ramiiio, J'nilp prrntis ventos; Pcrs. v, 10 f. PRA. The lungs are compared to bellows by August, de Civ. D. xiv, 24. R 112. ' He talks away till he foams at the mouth and besputters all his vest.' LUB. FAR. It is one of the cha- racteristics of ivirx,i^tia, itroppiTTSif (rot ffiaXiv) aTo Tou g-TOfiarof 'Ihcoph. Ch. II); ffiaXo^oi 01 v^oir^ahovTi; inaXov it rtu T^oa-^iotXiyiaSar Hcsych. Antima- chiis an Athenian was called H'axaj, because ^^oirippaivi tous (TuvoftiXouvTaf iiaXtyo/zivos' t-chol. on Arist. Ach. iv, 7; R. Hor. S. ii, v, 41. The actual harvest;' in answer to 103. PRA. 113. Hinc ' in the one scale.' LUB. 114. Lacerna was a favourite cha- rioteer of Domitian's, Sch. and one of the ' Red' partv. s. vi, 590 ; Petron. 25 ; (i/S.) Dio 1x1, 6; (RMR.) BCE, p. 448. He is called russatns Lacev' n rt, as Felix russatns niiriga ; Plin. vii, b'i\ pr as i n u s Purjihyrio ; M art . x i i i , 78, 2; aiiriga albafus Corax\ Plin. viii, 42 s 06. 7?. 1 15. A \taroi\y on cons ede re duces et, inttgi stante corona, s ii rg it ad has cli/pei doiiii/iiis s('i>lf')nj)liris A J a x' ; Ov. M. xiii, 1 f. By (///rf'.v, here, are meant ' the judges ;' by yt/a,t\ ' the barrister.' RG. KadcaTi V ovr' ru o, u Aioyntf, Xiyf Luc. Pisc. 24. R. ' Sallow' from confinement at his desk, and not • bronzed by the sun' like the weather-l:e;itcn chieftain. Aja.r king of Salaniis was the son of Telamon and grandson of J'ijicus, and, consefjuently, the cousin-german of Achilles ; upon whose death he claimed his armour as being the bravest of the Clrfeks. His disappointment, wticn the •28H THE SATIRES SAT. VII. Judice. llurape misor tcnsum jccur, iit libi lasso Figantiir viridcs, scalannn gloria, palinic. Quod vocis i)rctiuin ? Siccus petasunculus ct vas 1'20 Polainydum aut vctcrcs, Afroruni epimcnia, bulbi Ant vinum Tibcri devectum, quinque lagenas. Si quater egisti, si contigit aureu.s unus, prize was awarded to Ulysses, produced insanity, and drove him to coniinit suicide. Soph. Aj. PRA. and Phil. h. X, 84; xiv, 28(i; Hor. S. ii, 3, 187 ff. The name of Ajax became proverbial for a quarrelsome wrangling man. Claud. xx,38G ; Jud. Vesp. 85. {WF.) R. IIG. ' On behalf of a client, whose title to freedom is disputed:' as Cicero for Archias. LUB. FAR. The case of Virginia was another : Liv. iii, 44 ff. ' A neat-herd.' There were, in all, thirty-five city and country tribes, from each of which were chosen three jury- men. These were called, in round numbers, centumvirs: Ascon. on Cic. Verr. ii. FAR. LUB. Owing to this arrangement it often happened thai ignorant rustics had to decide upon knotty points, xvi, 13 ; Ii. s. Suet, i, 80; ii, 35. PRA. [Paris was both biibiilciis rvaAJiiflcv.^ 117. See i, 45, note. MAD. Some suppose ' a blood-vessel in the lungs' to be meant; LUB. FAR. as the an- cients, in general, were but indifferent anatomists. Tch* at* at txsnro/ ^uvtihTiv dxtuTai, vit xa) au xiKoayii; iiappayHs' Luc. Episc. 21 ; jB. Arist. R. 953. ' 118. When advocates ga'ned a cause, the triumph was notified by the entrance oftheir house being adorned with ' palm- branches.' These poor lawyers lived in garrets, and could therefore only deco- rate with evergreens ' the staircase' leading up to their chambers. Suet xii, 23. C'S. BRO. sir for a viirentur, sic te Pallaiia lamhnt^ excolat et ge- minas jilurimn pabiia fores; Mart, vii, 28, 5 f ; PRA. s. iii, 199, woie ; palma forcnsis ; A us. iv, 2, 7- R. 119. ' Dried up (xi, 82;) from being 80 old.' LUB. Mart, xiii, 55; PRA. 64 ; iv, 46 ; Hor. S. ii, 5, 43 ff ; Pers. iii, 73 ff. ( S.) R. 120. T\nXa/A^vs Hesycb. a little fish «o called from its burying itself in the mud, or from being born there; Festus ; irwXa^/Ssf Arist. vi, IG f ; a lesser kind of tunny: Ath. iii,85; 92; vii,GG; viii, 14 or 53; Plin. ix, 15 s IS ; xxxii,ll s 55 ; (JID.) Strab. vii, G, 2 ; Diosc. ii, 200; SN, do Pr. Num. iii, 201 ; Gell. ii, 18; PRA. R. which were salted and brought to Rome. Sch. Like our grigs, which are found in the mud of the Thames, they were probably of little worth. MAD. " A jar of broken sprats." GIF. "A rope of shrivell'd onions from the Nile." GIF. Alrif-a produced a great variety of bulbous roots, among these Pliny mentions the epitiieni(lii/»i,x\x, 5; R. of which the epimenium might be a coarser so:t; s. Ath. ii, 22 f; {CS.) or ' sent monthly' from Africa to Rome. Martial enumerates bulhos among the presents sent to lawvers ; iv, 4G, 11; L. Theoph. H. P.' vii, 13. PRA. [Those of Effypt were the worst of any; Ath. ii,'64, B. DB.\ 'The .sol- dier's monthly allowance:' SYL. 'the African slave's montldy provender.' ACH. Whatever might have been the practice as to other slaves, it is not unlikely that the Africans had a certain ration of onions allowed them, accord- ing to the practice in their own country ; s. Herod, ii, 125; Number.'? xi, 5. 121. 'Home-made wine, Sch. and that of the worst sort, Veientan, (Hor. S. ii, 3, 143;) or Tuscan, LUB. and not Campanian.' PRA. 122. ' ff you are so lucky as to touch gold for a fee, you cannot pocket any thing till you have satisfied the stipu- lated claims of the attorneys.' LUB. ' The gold piece' varied in value ; it was at this time worth twenty-five denarii; Plin. xxxiii, 3; xxxv, 10; (ilD.) Lampr. Alex. .39. (CS.) R. MAD. The highest fee, as .settled by a law of Nero, was one hundred pieces of gold; Plin. Ep. v, 4; 21 ; Suet, vi, 17; {E.) Tac. A. xi, 7; UIp. D. i, § 12. The sum is here represented SAT. VI r. OF JUVENAL. 289 Inde cadunt partes ex foedere praginaticorum. " .i^milio dabitur, quantum licet, et melius nos 1-25 Egimus: hujus enim stat cun'us acneus, alti Quadrijuges in veslibulis, atque ipse feroci Bellatore sedens curvatum hastile minatur Eminus et statua medilatur proelia lusca." Sic Pedo conturbat, Matlio deficit : exitus hie est 130 Tongilli, magno cum rhinocerote lavari as absurdly small, for contrast's sake. G. 123. Id Cicero'sdaysthese'solicitors' were confined to Greece ; Or. i, 45 ; 59. The Roman advocates were then in the habit (if ignorant of a point of law) of referring to learned men of rank, such as the Sctevolfe, &c. Under the successors of Augustus, there was not the same encouragement for these great men to study that science; therefore the orators were obliged to adopt the Grecian me- thod : netjue ego sum nostri maris ig- nar»s, oblitusve eorinn qvi vclut ad ar- culas sedent et tela agentibus submini- strant ; neque idem Grcecos (juot/iie nesciofactitare, nnde nomen his p rag- maticorum datum est ; Quint, xii, 3 ; 9; GIF. PR A. id. iii, 6. R. 1 24. ' The only lawyers who are hand- somely remunerated, are those, who either are rich or are believed to be so.' LVB. R. Quantum licet. A decree of the senate was passed in the reign of Claudius (800 Y. r), by which pecuniis ob eausas orandas cnpiendis positus modus us(/ue ad dena sestertia, tjuem egressi repetnndarum tenerenttir; Tac. A. xi 5 ff. {L.) See 122, note. R. Nos ' we poor lawyers.' L UB. 125. " There stand Before his gate, conHpicuous from afar, Four stately steeds yoked to a brazen car." GIF. Indicative of the triumphs gained by his ancestor!*. LUB. s. viii, 3. PRA. 126. This vagary of yEmilius (in choosing, though a man of peace, to be represented on a war-horse) seems to have taken mightily at Rome, most probably from its ahsunlif y, and to have had a number of imitators. Martial, in an attack upon an unfortunate peda- gogue for interrupting his sleep, (note on 222 ;) compares the noise of his cohool to that of the hammers and anvils o of smiths forging war-horses for the lawyers : tarn grave perrussis ificudibus cera resuUant, causidicum medio cum faber aptat equo ; ix, 69, 6 f. This trick succeeded but ill with iEmilius's imitators, s. 129 ff; as it seldom happens that anv but the author of a joke profits by it. GIF. PRA. s. 143, note, [de- claratur autem studium hellica gloricB^ quod sfatuas quoque videmus ornatu fere tnilifari, Cic. Of. i, 18.] 127- ' Aims the bending spear.' So exquisitely is the statue wrought, that the spear seems to tremble as it is poised. PRA. 128. Meditatus prcelia; iv, 112. R. ' Wall-eyed:' because the pupil of the eye was not marked in statues. R. 129. Of Pe^^o the lawyer nothing is known. R. Conturbat (i. e. rationes) is a legal term : FAR. ' becomes insolvent,' T, ' gets more involved.' fac 7ne multis debere et in his Plancio : vtrum igitur me conturbare oportet ; an hoc nomen , quod urqet, 7iunc cum pctiturdissolrere; Cic. for Cn. Plane. PRjL xiv, 94; Mart, ix, 4, 5; vii, 26, 10 ; x, 96, 9; Petr. 39 ; {BU.)C\c. Att. iv, 7. (-E.) R. Matho; i, 32, note. PRA. Hence it may be gathered that the first Satire was written many years after the pre- sent. GIF. Deficit ' fails :' T. another legal term. R. 130. Tongillus perhaps Tongiiius. Mart, ii, 4(1.' A'. ' His oil-Hask (iii, 263 ;) was formed of a large rhinoceros' horn.' LUB. Plin. viii, 20 ; Diod. iv, 3. PRA. The animal put for its horn ; as solido ele- phanlo., for ' solid ivory ;' Virg. G. iii, 26. MAD. Of a horn flask Alartial says ; grstnvit modofronir mr juvcncus: verum rhhioccrnta me putabis ; xiv, 62; s. ib. 53. R. 'i V •290 THE SATIRES SAT. VII. Qui solot L't vexat lutulenta balnea turba Pcniue ibrnin juvencs loiigo premit assere Medos Emturus jnioros, argentuni, niunliina, villas : Spondet enim Tyrio stlataiia purpura filo. 135 Et taiuen est illis hoc utile : purpura vendit Causidicum, vendunt ametliystina : convenit illis Et strepitu et facie majoris vivere census. Sed finem impensae non servat prodiga Roma. Fidinius eloquio .? Ciceroni nemo ducentos 140 Nunc dedcrit numos, nisi fulserit annulus ingens. Rcspicit luce primum, qui litigat, an tibi servi Octo, deccni comites, an post te sella, togati Ante pedes. Ideo conducta Paulus agebat 131. Vexat; i, 100; s. vi, 419 f; or i, 64. R. 132. ' The younii men who are liis bearers.' PRA. ' He presses with the weight of him- self and his litter.' Syi. Assere; iii, 245; PRA. Mart, ix, 23, 9. R. The Medes were not subjugated by the Romans : but Media is sometimes taken in a wider sense, so as to include Assyria and other countries of Asia. There was also a Thracian people of this name, s.ix, 142 ff; R. Livy xxviii, 5, marg. 133. ' To bid for,' though not to buy. Theoph. Ch. 23, end. Martial has an excellent epigram on this subject: ix, GO. CS. GIF. R. Argenfum; i, 'id, note. Murrhina ; vi, 15G, note. BRI. 134. Spondet ' is a surety for him,' ' gains him credit.' ii, 12. R. Tyrio purjptra filo, a periphrasis, i, 27, note; Plin.ix,3Gff; PRA.Yn^. JS.. iv, 202 ; Hor. Ep. xii, 21. MAD. Stiataria ' piratical ;' from stlafa, genus navigii hitiini mdijis (/nmn altum ; Festus : m^ariKoZ fxdipov; iTSaj Gloss. et vielior iiavis, (/nam (jU(b stiataria portat ; Enn. Its meaning may be either (1 ) ' decoying,' Sch.' deceptive,' LUB. i. e. (as we should say) ' sailing under faUf- colours ; ' or (2) ' imported in a foreign bottom.' PRA. \'ii>. Veiulit ' gets him off,' ' makes him fetch more money,' FE. ' puffs him off.' s. 73. R. 136. ' Violet mantles' thrown over the toga. FE. a. Mart, i, 97; ii, 57, 2; x,49, 1; xiv, 154; R. Plin. xxi, 8 ; xxxvii, 6 ; 9. PRA. 137. QncB in publico species'. Tac. D. de Or. 6. R. 138. Dicimus: '■^ non ego ambitiosus sum, sed nemo Romee aliter potest vi- vere ; non ego sif»i/itosi/s sum, sed Urbs ipsa magnas impensas exigit;" Sen. Ep. 50;' Pi?^. s. iii, 180 ff; R. iii, 169, note. 139. ' Two hundred sesterces' are not quite thirty shillings, MAD. i, 92, note. 140. Annulus; i, 28 f. PRA. [DDD, on St James ii, 2.] 141. ' Eight chairmen:' i, G4, note. PRA. Caligula had a litter borne by eight slaves. Suet. iv. MAD. 142. Comites; s. i, 9G ; 119; 132; PRA. 46; qui togalorum coinitatus et egressus ! Tac. D. de Or. 6; tcJi (po^iiw ■rcc^iTefiUuv Luc. Suet, iii, 30 ; {OS.) rnbuUi; bene comitati per forum redu- cuntur ; Quint, xii. R. ' A chair, into which you may get when you pleas?.' LUB. i, 64. R. Togati; iii, 127, note. MAD. 143. ' Before you.' circumpedes sunt obsequia servorum: antepedesamicorum; Agroet. de Orthogr. p. 2274 ; T. ante- ambulones; Mart, ii, 18, 6 ; iii, 7, 2; 46 ; PRA. X, 74, 3. R. He only ' hired the ring, being too poor to buy one.' MAD. s. iii, 180 ff; vi, 352 ff. R. This hired ring seems to SAT. VII. OF JUVENAL. 291 Saidonyche atque ideo pliuis quani Cossus agebat, 145 Qnaiu Basilus. Rara in tenui lacundia paiino. Quando licet Basilo fleutem producere matrera ? Quis bene dicentem Basilum fevat ? Accipiat te Gallia vel potius nutricula causidicorum Africa, si placuit mercedem ponere linguse, 1 50 Declaniare doces ? O ferrea pectora A'ecti, Quum perimit saevos classis numerosa tyrannos ! Nam quaecumque sedens raodo legerat, haec eadem stans Proferet atcjue eadem cantabit versibus isdem. Occidit miseios crambe repelita magislros. 155 Quis color ct quod sit causae genus atque nbi summa Qua3slio, qua? veniant diversae forte sagitta?, have answered even better than the war- horse of ^milius ; for Paulus, in pro- cess of time, obtained great practice, and, consequently, great riches. Martial had the misfonune to be under his patronage; which, like that of many other parvenus, was so burthensome, that the poet, in a fit of spleen, threatens to shake it off entirely : v, 23. This is one of the few occasions on which Martial speaks out ; but he was not a man to carry his independent language into practice. GIF. Wightnot ^i/iilhis and Paulus be one and the same person ? Agebat; 122; 125; R. 144. 144. 'A sardonvx ;' Pers. i, 16; iCS.) PRA. vi, 382; Mart, ii, 29, 2, R. 145. Basilus; x, 222. R. ' Rare' in the vulgar opinion, not in reality, si^pe est etiam sub palliolo sor- dido snpientia; C.'pcil. Cic. T. Q. iii, 56; PRA. s. viii, 47 ff. R. 146. See Cic. Verr. 3 ; for Font. 17 &c. PRA. 147. ' However well he may speak.' LUB. 148. In Gaul and Africa eloquence was still encouragerl by the multiplicity of law-suits. SVL. s. i, 44 ; xv. 111 ; Quint. X, 1 ; 3. PRA. 150. Frrren ' quite steeled against the assaults of impatience or fatigue.' 8. i, 31, note. MAD. O dura messorum ilia! Hor. Ep. iii, 4. Vectiits Vnlcns, an eminent professor of rhetoric: Plin xxix, 1. PRA. 151. " A school, Where boys, in long succession, rave and storm At tyranny, through many a crowded form." This unfortunate race, besides having their heads distracted with these everlast- ing declamations, were sometimes liable to 1 s e them altogether. Domitian ac- tually put oneofthem(named Maternus) to death for a rhetorical flourish about tyranny, which was produced in his school. Dio. GIF. s. i, 15-17, notes; MAD. vii, 160-170; Tac. D. de Or. 35 ; Sen. Contr. vii ; Quint. Decl. and Inst, ii, 10,4; Petr. i ; R. note on 204; pucros mngistri in classes distrihue- bant ct iis ordinem dicendi secundum vires ingenii dabant; Quint, i, 2. PRA. 152. ' What the class sit down and learn by reading over, that they stand up and repeat ; the very same lines in the same tone and twang ;' ACH. canti- lenam cnndi'iu ranentes; Tor. Plior. iii, 2, 10. It. 01 avToi )rij/ tu> aurui rcif ahroif to, aura- an author quoted bv GR.\. •' 154. There was a Greek proverb: "Sif K^ifAP>n (diarof. Sch. ' warmed-up cabbage.' MAI). 155. Color; vi, 280: PRA. or ' the ornaments of diction.' LUB. Cic. Or. iii, 25; 52. R. Genus: either deliberative, or de- monstrative, or judicial. LUB. Quint, iii, 4. PRA. Cic. Inv. i, 5 ; 15. R. ' 'I'lie upshot of the matter,' ' the main jet of the question,' GIF. ' that on which the ca,se hinges.' SVL. Quint, iii, 5 f; Cic Inv. i, 6; 8 ff. R. 156. ' The shafts and shots of the adversary.' LUB. By the same meta- ^ «' 4» THE SATIRES SAT. VII. Nosse vt'lint oiiinos, merccdein solvere nemo. " Meiccdeni a])|K'llas .? (|uicl cniin scio ?" Culpa docentis Scilicet ar«^iiitiir, quod kcva in parte mannllue 160 Nil salit Arcadico juveni, cujus mihi sexta Quaque die miseium dirus caput Hannibal implct ; Quidcjuid id est, de quo deliberat, an petat Urbem. A Cannis, an post nimbos et fulinina cautus Circumagat madidas a tempcstatc cohortes. 1(55 " Quantum vis stipulare, ct protenus accipc, quod do, Ut toties ilium pater audiat." Ast alii sex Et plures uno conclamant ore sopliistae Et veras agitant lites, raptore relicto; Fusa venena silent, malus ingratusque maritus, phor we hare Martem forensem ; Ov. Pont, iv, G,'29 •,pcrorali/r/(s, sfrictnrum se luctibratiunis sua telitni, /iiiita/jai/ir; Suet, iv, 53. .'^ee 1/3. R. [" A fool's bolt is soon sh ot."] 158. Those who have given the most trouble, are most likely to demur at paying. 159. Cor aniiiintibus ceteris in medio peetore est, homini tnntum infra lae- vam papillam; Plin. xi, 37 s 69; PR A. Pers. ii, 53; cor aliis animus videtur; ex(juo excordeSfVecordes, concord esquc dicuntur, el Nasica ille prudrns Corcu/tim, et egregie cordatus homo caius ^lius Sextus : Empedocles aiiitnum esse censet, cordi suffusu77i sunguinem. : alii in cerebro dixerunt animi esse sede?n et locum ; Cic. T. Q. i, 9. R. 160. ' There is no life or animation.' ror tibi rite salit] Pers. iii, 111 ; Sen. Thy. 756. R. Arcadia was celebrated for its breed of asses; Pers. iii, 9; PRA. Varr. K. R. ii, 1,14; Plin. viii, 43 s 68; Plaut. Asin. ii, 2, 67 ; but not for the wits of its natives: Philostr. iii; whence the proverb 'Agxaa/ov (ixd/rrtifia, ' an Ar- cadian sprig.' BRU. SCO. Ii. 161. ' Regularly once a week.' Suet, iii, 32. (CS.) R. ' Sent by the wrath of heaven (dirus i. e. deorum ira) to be the dread of Rome (Hor. Od. iii, 6, 36; iv, 42; R.) and the scourge of schoolmasters.' ' Whose declamation in the person of Hannibal;' vi, 170; PRA. x, 167. R. 162 fF. According to Maharbal's advice. Liv. xxii, 61 ; xxvi, 7-11 ; Po- lyb. ix, 3 ff; Sil. xii, 489— xiii, 93. L UB. PRA. R. 163. See ii, 155. PRA. 1 65. ' Stipulate for,' opposed to spon- debo. E. The schoolmaster offers to place any stake in the hands of a third person, to be paid the parent conditionally : ' The father can have no conception of the task he has imposed on his son's pre- ceptor. Let him just make the ex- periment. I am snre no sum of money would induce him to go on week after week hearing such a dull blorkhead.' There were certain days, on which the parents came with their friends, to hear their sons recite speeches at school. Quint, ii, 7 ; x, 5 ; Pers. iii. 47. PRA. MAD. R. 167. ' The whole pack are giving tongue at the same time ;' either as barristers, or in running down the in- tolerable hardships of a sophist's life, PRA. Sop/tistcB ' professors of rhetoric and the belles lettres.' Cic. Acad, iv, 23 j Fin. ii, 1. R. 16S. * Abandoning fictitious dis- putations.' LUB. Raptor ; e. g. Paris, who carried off Helen ; Jason, who carried oft' Medea. LUB. s. Sen. Controv. and Quint. Declam. PRA. [Her. i, 1 ff.] 169. ' Poison, such as that mixed by Medea for Creusa, the youthful bride of .Jason, her faithless and ungrateful SAT. VII. OF JUVENAL. 293 170 Et quae jam veteres sanant mortaria caecos. Ergo sibi dabit ipse rucleni, si nostra movebunt Consilia, et vitae diversum iter ingredietur, Ad pugnam qui rhetorica descendit ab umbra, Summula ne pereat, qua vilis tessera venit 175 Frumenti: quippe hsec merces lautissima. Tenia, Chrysogonus quanti doceat vel Pollio quanli Lautorum pueros, artem scindens Theodori. Balnea sexcentis et pluris portions, in qua Gestetur dominus, quoties pluit. Anne serenum 180 Exspectet spargatque luto jumenta recenti ? Hie potius : namque hie mundae nitet ungula mulae. Parte alia longis Numidarum fulta columuis husband, (LUB. Sen. Cont. ii, 5; PRA.) is no longer heard of. R. iro. ' The drugs which promised to restore to all the faculties of youth the blind and aged Pelias.' Ov. M. vii, 297-349 ; L UB. Hygin. 24 ; Diodor. iv, 51 f. R. 171. See vi, 113; PRA. Mart, iii, 36, 10. R. ' The sophist indeed, if he followed my advice, would not rush into a Scylla (s. 106-149;) to escape from a Cha- rybdis ; but would strike out into a quite different line of life.' R. tenia, fyc; ] 75 ff, 173. See Sen. Contr. iii, pref. R. 174. The poorer citizens were fur- nished ruonthly. on the nones, by the magistrates with a ' small tablet' of lead or wood ; which, on being presented to the keepers of the public granaries, en- titled the bearers to a certain quantity ' of corn,' either gratis, or upon some small payment: Tac. A. xv,39. These tallies, as appears from the text, were transferable : those who were not in want of corn disposed of them for a ' trifling sum.' L(7ZJ. L. Pers. v, 73 f; {KG.) PRA. s. Suet, ii, 42; i, 41 ; (CS.) Dio xliii, 21 ; Ix, 10. Or vilis frumenli 'of damaged corn.' KG. R. 175. ' For this is the utmost return they have to exjieet.' R. luiitis.siuia, wifi) reference to Iniilos '^Mii below, may be a sneer at the paltry pittance which noblemen devoted to the education of their gons: ' a right houourable re- muneration truly !' 176. C/irysogonus, vi, 74 ; was a fa- vourite singer, and Pollio, vi, 387; a favourite musician ; both of them men of loose principh-s. Theodorus (ac- cording to Hesychius) was an infamous profligate. ' The wealthy nobles place their sons, at an enormous expense, under the tuition of this singing-master and this music-master, from whom they learn every thing that is bad.' ACH. See note on vi, 452. He says ' the Art' of Theodorus; because Theoduriis of Gadara, an eminent rhetorician in the reign of Tiberius, (Suet, iii, 57 ; Quint, iii, 1 ; 11 ; i, 12; iv, 2; Strab. xiii, p. 625; xvi, p. 759 ; Lucian in Macrob.) wrote several works. I'RA. R. 177. Scin(/e)7S ' dividing, explaining in detail.' MAD. [i^^sTo/uut to> Xiyct •rn! aXn^iias- II Timothy ii, 15.] 17b. Un the magnificence of the Ro- man ' baths,' see Sen. Ep. 51 ; 86 ; Plin. Ep. ii, 17; V, 6; Vitr. v, 10. GRA. Se.vcenlis ; nearly £5000. i, 92, note. Poriicus; iv, 5 'ff. GRA. " More for a spacious portico they pay. In which to ambie on a showery day. Shall they, for brighter skies, at home re- main.^ Or dash their pamjier'd mules through niud and rain.^ No: let them ride beneath the stately roof. For there DO mire can soil the shining hoof." G IF. intra liiiirn Intits esscdo c>/rsit.'s, who was born of a female slave, succeeded Tarqiiin the Priscan, LUB. and was the sixth and the last pood kin«(-201; Sch.) of Rome: viii, 2fi0; GIF. Liv. i, 39 ff; Flor. i, 6; Eutr. PliA. 200. Neseia mens hominuni fntt sor- tisqiie futiirtv; Virg. AL. x, 501 ; DO. s. Cic' de Fato. PRA. 201 . P. Ventidiiis ex Part/iis, et per Pnrtltos dp Crassi manihus in liostili soloiiiiserabili(erjnceittibiis,(riin)iphinn dii.rit ; et r/"i rapfiinis cnrcerem ex- horruerat, victor C'apitoliiit)i felini- tate ci'lrbrnvit; V. Max. vi, 9. I'UA. 202. J//^ i. e. Quintilian. Sch. A proverb like that in vi, 105. DO. Hence the oracle to Phalanthus, 'l^w) Atli. viii, 16. H. White ravens are occasionally met with : Aristotle. One wa« sent to Alphonso king of Sicily by the king of England. Anotlier was seen by ROD. PRA. 203. ' Of the profession of rhetoric' circvm pvlpitn nostra et steriles rnt hedrn s Ijasin sola crepant ; M art . i, 77, 13 f; PWA. note on 49. W. 204. 0flaffi/^a;t^aj XaXx»So*/«f iro(pia''rris l» Bi^vfia. Of Tpurci Tioiodo* ki) xuXov xariiu^t Ka) to» viJy t«5 fnro^iKrii n-^'nrriiv t'lffriyr.ffa.Ti uafr,Tr,! TiXaToiiof rot/ ({iXa- ffifev xai ' IriK^drevf tou p^re^o; ty^ai^t fufificvXluTixcuf. r'tx,*rit pttrc^iKriv, Tai- •ytia, iftpua; fmn^iKo.}' Suid. S. Cic. Or. iii, 12; 1«; 32; Quint, iii, 1, 10; 3, 4. R. Thrasymachus shut up his school at Athens for want of encourage- ment, and afterwards hung himself. Sch. FAR. Plar. de Rep. Dionys. Hal. fr. dp Vet. Orat. VAO. Seciindxs Carrinas was driven by poverty from Athens to Rome. On account of a rhetorical declamation against tyrants, (note on 151 ;) he was banished by Caligula FAR. Dio lix, 20; PRA. Tac. A. xv, 45. (i.) R. 205. ' You too, Athens,' i.e. Athens as well as Rome, cicutas will mean ' your hemlock, which you reserve as a reward for indigent genius.' 206. 'Cold.' (s. note on i, 72;) cicuta qnoque venenum est, publica Atheniensiurn pwna invisa. semen habct noxium. semini et foliis r efr i- geratoria vis: quos enecat, inci- pimit algcre ab extremitatibus corpo- ris, remedio est, priusquani perveniat ad vitalia, vini nati/ra exca/factoria. sed in vino pota irremediabilis existi- })iatur; Plin. xxv, 13 s 95, 4; Diosc. iv, 79; in Alex. 11; cicutam potam caligo mentisqve alienatio et artuum gelatio insefjuitur ; Scrib. Larg. de Comp. Med. 179; Sehol. on Pers. v, 145; {KG.) R. Plat. Pha-d. 66. There is an allusion here to the condemnation of Socrates, who was adjudged to die by drinking hemlock. Pers. iv, 1 f. PRA. 207. Date or dent is understood, sit tibi terra levis, molliqne tegaris arena ; Mart, ix, 30, 11. MAD. Hence the letters frequently placed on tombs s. T. T. I,. " Light lie the earth on thee:" opposed to which are the male- dictions, sit tibi terra gravis! nrgeat ossa lapis! duriter ossa cvbent! GRA. FAR. LUB. R. istam (Pheedram) terra dejossam premat, gravisf/ue tellus impio capiti incubet; Sen. Hip. 1280; s. Pers.i, 37 ff; PRA. [Ov. H. 7, J 62; Am. iii, 9,68; i, 8, 108; Tr. iii, 3, 76.] And the well-known epigram [by Dr Evans] on Sir John Vanbrugh, the architect of Blenheim; " Lie heavy on SAT. VII. OF JUVENAL. •297 Spiral! tesque crocos et in urna perpetuuin ver, Qui praeceptorem sancli voluere parentis 210 Esse loco. Metuens virga? jam grandis Achilles Cantabat patriis in montibus : et cui non tunc Eliceret risum citharcedi cauda magistri.? Sed Rufura atque alios caedit sua quajque juventus, Rufum, qui toties Ciceronem Allobroga dixit. Quis gremio Enceladi doctique Palaemonis affert, 215 him, earth! for he Laid many a heavy load on thee." 208. The ancients used to strew fragrant nosegays, annually, on the tombs of their departed friends, and even believed that flowers grew spon- taneously on the graves, so that the shades of the deceased enjoyed ' a per- petual spring.' Suet, ii, 18; Ath. xv, p. 679; Anth.Lat. (fiC7.)ii,4,99; 186; 247; Anal. BC, t. ii, p. 25; t. iii, p. 303. This notion seems closely con- nected with the fabled metamorphoses of many heroes of antiquity into flowers. Pers. 'i, 35 fi"; Suet, vi, 75; {CS.) Prop, i, 17, 22. {VP.) Perfumes and odoriferous flowers, ' crocus' (I'lin. xxi, 6;) among the rest, were used at fune- rals and scattered either on the funeral pile or on the bones. Tib. iii, 2, 23 f ; JC. KI, de Fun. Rom. iii, 5; iv, 3; 01. GT. KG. R. PR A. iv, 109, note; see Shaksp. Cymb. iv, 2 ; and the Dirge by Collins. A like custom still prevails in France [and Germany.] 209. Alexander, the pupil of Aristo- tle, is reported to have said : prcBcepto- ribus plura, qvam ipsis parentibus, debemus ; (juum ab his viuendi, ab itlis bene vivendi rationem udipiscamur. s. 238 f ; Sen. Ben. vi, 10, end; Quint. ii, 2; 9 beginning. Lt/B. PliA. 210. ' In awe of the rod,' v, 154; ' regarding his pn-ceptorwith respectful deference.' LUB. Phillyrides pneriim cithara pcrferit Achilteii, alque an i mo 8 pUwida cunt u dil artefcrun : yui Idlien sorios, tutii's extcrruil /io.s(es, rrrddi/r annus'im prrdmuisse si'neni : qtiax Hector Kensiiriiii erni, poscenle vtaffistro, verberibiis jusK'ts pivf.biiit iUe manus\ Ov. A. a! i, 11 tf; PRA. Stat. Ach. i, 503 tf; {BA.) R. 211. ' Learnt to sing and accompany his voice on the lyre' I'llA. nobilis (jmndi rrrinil f'r}iUitiritH aliimno; Hor. Ep. 13, 11. R. Mount Pelion in Thessaly; LUB. the ahode of the Centaurs. Apoll. ii, 6, 4. 212. Chiron, (iii, 205; PTIA.) one of the sons of Saturn and Philiyra, being a centaur, had the body and "tail of a horse. LUB. He had manv heroes for his pupils. Apoll. iii, 13, G'.[RY.) R. 213. Satrius Ri/fus, cui fiiit cxtm Cicerone cermilatio; Plin. Ep. i, 5, 11 ; R. or Q. Curtius R1//7/S, of whom nothing further is known than that he was an eminent rhetorician. GRA. A very eloquent native of Gaul. Sch. Olim popiili prius honorem capiebat snffragiu, f/iiam ?)iagistri desiiwbat esse dido ubedieiis, &,-c. GIF. but now puer septnennis peedngogo tabula dirumpit caput; Plaut. Bac. iii, 3, 37. MAD. 214. This ' Rufus arraigned the pu- rity of TuUy's style,' GIF. charging him with provincialisms and barbarisms, such as were only current among the natives of Savoy and those parts, satis constat nee Ciceroni quidem obtrrcta- iores de/uisse, quibus infatus et tutnens, nee satis pressus, supra inoduin e.r- suttans et superfluens videretur; Tac. de Or. 18 ; 22. (L.) Calvus called him soluti/m etenerveni ; Brutus elunibeiit et fractum. For a defence of him see Gell. xvii, 1 ; Quint, xi, 1, 3; xii, 10, 1. Or an historical declamation may he alluded to, which went to prove that Cicero had, in the aifair of Catiline, identified himself with the Allcibrogea rallierthan with his ftliow-countrymun. Sail. B. C. PRA. R. 215. ' To I he lap.' see St Luke vi, 38. MAD. Of Eitceladus nothing further is known. PiilannoH ; vi, 452. LUB. He wa« in the receipt of a good annual income; GIF. as his school brought him in 2 g 21)8 THE SATIRES SAT. VII, Quantmn {»Taniniaticiis nieruil labor? Et tamen ex hoc, (iuotkunuiuo est, (minus est autein, quam rhetoiis sera) Discipnli ciistos prKinordct Acccnonoetus Et, (jui dispi'usat, fiangot sibi. Code, Palocmon, '2'i() Et patcro indc alitpiid decrescere, non aliter, quam lustitor liiberuo! tej^ctis niveique cadurei, Dunimodo non pcrcat, medi;c quod noctis ab bora Sedisti, qua nemo faber, qua uemo scderet. Qui docet oblique lanam deducere feiTo ; 225 Dummodo non pereat, totidem olfecisse lucernas, Quot stabanl pueri, quum totus decolor esset Flaccus et hicreret nigro fuligo Maroni. Kara tamen merces, qure cognitione tribuni forty scstertia and he had little less in private property : making together about £050 per annum. R. 21G. Grdnimaticns; Petr. 55 ; Ath. XV, 1 ; Quint, i, 4; Gell. xiv, 5; VRA. Pallud. Ep. 4G in BC, An. t. ii, p. 417. R. 218. ' The servant, who takes his little master to the day-school, must have the first nibble.' 'J'he metaphor is taken from a slice of bread sent, by the hands of a hungry messenger, to a third person. MAD. [s. P(e Hold upon commission, and some- times travelled about with goods for the manufacturer, h. Hor. Od. iii, C, 30; jy. Prop, iv, 2, 38; (BKH.) R. Mart, xii, 57, 14; Livy xxii, 25, 16. Tegplig; v, K. Carlnrni; vi, 5.37. R- 222. [' Go f.,r nothing:' half a loaf being better than no bread.] The early hour at which these school* opened is noticed also by Martial : (note on 12();J quid tihi nvbiscum, /udi sce- Icratc magistcr^invisum pueris vircjini- bus(/uc caput ? nnndum cristati rupere silentia galli : murmnre jam stevo ver- beribusf/ue tonus, vicini somtiutn 710H iota node rogatnus: nam vigilare leve est^ pervigitare grave; i, 69, Iff; 9 f ; PRA. nee cogitandi nee quiescendi in Urbe locus est pauper i; negant vitam luditnagistri mane, &i-c. numerare pigri dnmna qnis potest somni? xii, 57, 3 S; 15; Pers. iii, 1 ft'. R. 223. The master sat in his chair, 203 ; while the boys stood; 226. G RA. R. 224. They combed wool with a card, which had ' crooked iron' teeth, like those now in use. MAD. doctissimus art is lanifictv, moderator pectinis unci ; Claud. XX, 381 f. R. Deducere; 54; Tib. i, 6, 78-80. (HY.) R. 225. FLach boy had his lamp, because it was not yet day-light. LTJB. 226. From this passage we learn, that Virgil and Hoi ace were the stand- ard books in the grammar schools of those days. s. Quint, x, 1 , 85 ; PRA. i, i, 12; 8, 5; Petr, 5; Cic. de Or. i, 42. R. 228. " E'en then, the stipend thus reduced, (216 ff; R.) thus small. With- out a law-suit, rarely comes at all." GIF. ' The tribune, who presided in the SAT. VII. OF JUVENAL. •399 Non egeat. Sed vos saevas imponite leges, •230 Ut praeceptovi verborum regula constet, Ut legat historias, auctores iioverit omnes, Taraquam ungues digitosque suos ; ut forte rogatus, Dum petit aut thermas aut PhcEbi balnea, dicat Nutricem Anchisae, nomen patiiamque novercse 235 Ancheraoli ; dicat, quot Acestes vixerit annos, Quot Siculus Phrygibus vini donaverit urnas. Exigite, ut mores teneros ceu pollice ducat, court of requests for the recovery of small debts,' and was therefure called aerarins. GRA. AX. Trials, which at first were entirely in the hands of the senators, by the Semproniaa law of C. Gracchus were transferred to the eq-uestrian order, fhen by the Livian and Plautian laws to the senators and knights, afterwards by C. Sulla they were restored to the senate, and lastly by the Aurelian law of L. Aur. Cotta they were made common to the three classes : the tribunes of money-matters were chosen from the plebi-ians. Julius Csesai-(when)dictator abolished the latter (lecuria, which was presently reinstated by Augustus. R. 229. ' 1 would have you, who are parents, show the master no mercy.' PRA. 230. ' He nmst know the rules for every word.' MAD. 231. • Universal history, and all the classics, he must have at his fingers' ends.' MAD. non satis est poefas le- gisse, ej'culicnt/um omne scri/jloritm genus, non propter historias modo sed et vcrija, /t"s ' the Sicilian king." see note on rev KoXxov Her. i, 2, [78]. 237. The moral cducatiou of hi« pupils must be equally attended to. Suit. Til. Gr. 23; R. Pers. v, 3G-40. PRA. [Spectator No 313.] ' That he mould.' Pers. v, 40; (KG.) PRA. cxciidcnl alii spivantia tnollius (era, vivos durent de viarmore rul- tus; Virg. /E. vi, 848 f; MA J). .Alart. viii, (>, 10; Ov. M. i, 402; Jin/s tarn me- morabilis operis index est in Capilolio statiia hulkita et incincta preetexta, senatiis ronsiitto pnsita illi, f/iti jam virtiili 7natin-its, lionuri tcmpeslivus ; V. Max. iii, 1. PRA. Coram ' in the presence of their images;' Sch. 144. II. ' One lives ill.' nonniillis solet nohili- tas generis parerc ignobilitatem mentis ; Grtg. Dial. PRA. Qitij ' to what end P' 142 ; xiv, 135 ; XV, 01 ; Ov. Her. 2, 63; 4, 15". (HS.) 10. Alea; i,88; the nominative for the ablative. R. Pernox ; Virg. G. iii, 230. Thus vigiles fenestra;; iii, 275; LUB. Pers. V, 67. PRA. 11. Nutnantinos; 3; Flor. ii, IH. PRA. 13. The planet Venus waH called Vesper or Hesperus in the evening, and Lucifer or Phosphorus in the morning. LUB. nascere prccfjue diem veniens age., Lucifer, almum ; Virg, E. viii, 17 ; infra solem ambit ingens sidus appellatum Veneris, alterno meatu va- gum, ipsisque cognominibus (emulum solis ac lunce. prceveniens quippe et ante matutinum exoriens, Luciferi no- men accipit, utsolalter, diem maturans. contra, ab occasu refulgens, nuncupatur Vesper, ut prorogans lucem vicemque lunce reddens; Plin. ii, 8. FllA. 13. Q. Fab. Max. jEmilianus Gallica victoria cognomen Allobrogici sibimet ac posteris peperit; V. Max. vi,9; (s. vii, 214 ;) PRA. Plin. vii, .50; xxxiii, 11 ; Liv. Ep. Ixi; Flor. iii, 2; E, CI. Cic. His son Q. F. M. Persicus, in consequence of his profligacy, was in- terdicted from the use of his father's estate by the city prator Q. Pompeius, father of the triumvir. V. Max. iii, 5, 2 ; Sen. Ben. ii, 21 ; iv, 30. T. LUB. R. GIF. ' The great altar' stood in the Ox- niarket near the Flaminian Circus, and was consecrated to Hercules b}' Evaii- der. The Fabii claimed, by virtue of their descent from Hercules, the ex- clusive right to minister at it. Sc-li. T. LUB. Schol. on Liv. i, 7; ix, 2'J ; Plut. V. x; Macr. iii, 6; Evandrum Alcides ritricolasqne volat : consliluit- quc sibi, quce m a x i m a dicitur, a ra ni, hie ubi pars Urbis dc bore nomen habet ; Ov. F. i, 580 fV; (HS. BU.) PRA. Virg. JE. viii, 271. (HY.) R. (j'auileaf ' not only be vain of it, but reap advantage from it.' non sine rafi- one sacra est magnnruni rirtutum me- moria : et esse jilures bonos Jurat, si gratia honor urn non cum ipsis cadat . . . . quid nu per Fabium Persicum, cujus osculum etiam impudici vitubant, sacer- dotem non in uno rollcgin fecit ; nisi Vcrrucosi et Allobrogici cl illi Ire- 304 THE SATIRES SAT. VIII. Natus in Ilerculeo Fabius lare, si cupidiis, si 15 Vanus et Euganea quamtunivis mollior agna; Si toneniin adtritus Catincnsi ])uinice lumbum SquaU'iit(>s traducil avos enitor([ue veneni Frangcnda uiiscram funcstat imagine gentem ? cenfi, (ii, 155;) qui host in m incursioni pro republica uiiam (loininii ohjecerant? hocdebotiHS virtiitibiis, lit nun preesentes solum i//as, sed etiani ablutas e con- spectii colamtis; Sen. Ben. iv,30; PRA. [Hor. Od. iii, 24, 30 f.] 14. Fabius, the founder of their fa- mily, is said to have been the son of Hercules by Vinduna, daughter of Evander. Plut. V. x; Sil. ii, 3; vi, 6-27 fl"; vii, 36;44; 48;viii, 217; Ov. Pont, iii, 3, 100; F. ii, 237; 375 if; Macr. iii, 6. R. The Lares were common to the whole clan, and were preserved by each fa- mily : prirafa sacra pcrpctua sunto; a Law of the xii Tables. Hence they are called pa/er/ii; xii, 89; palrii ; Tib. i, 10, 15; Synes. Ep. v, 72; di Penates parentum familieeque Lar paler; Plant. Merc. i,5. PL A. They are said to be the sons of Mercury and the nymph I.ara: Ov. F. ii, [599]. Accoidinp to Plato, good men became Lares after death, and wicked men, Lemures. PRA. [s. AO, R. H. 5, 24, 37.] 16. The Euganeans originally dwelt between the Alps and the Adriatic; they were driven to the hills by the Veneti, and settled between the river Athesis and the Lake Larius. Liv. i, 1. Their name was frequently applied to the Venetians, in whose territory was the town of Altinum at the mouth of the Silis, famous for its white wool : Mart, xiv, 155; (quoted in the note on Ti, 150;) Coium. vii, 2, 3. Among other excellent sheep are named, the Circumpndance \ Plin. viii,48s 73 ; and the Pollentiiiee; Mart. xiv. 157; R. Plin. iv, 20. SVL. 'More soft' denotes effeminacy: as agna Galeesi mollior Phalantini; Mart, V, 37, 2. R. 16. " If, with anxious care, p'rom his soft limbs he pumice every hair. And shame bis rough-hewn sires !" GIF. Ca/ina (now Catania) a town of .Sicily near ^ttna, was buried by a shower of ' pumice stones' in one of the eruptions of that mountain. Oros. v, 13. It had been notorious for its luxury and profli- gacy. Sch. T. It suffered much in 1669 A.D. PRA. and again in 1693. MAD. Its lands were damaged, ac- cording to Thucydides, in 425 B.C. Pnmcx ; in ttsic corporum Icpvigan- dornm J'cminis, Jam quidem et viris ; Plin. xxxvi, 21 ; PRA. Ov. A. A. i, 506. R. 17. ' He exposes to public derision.' The metaphor is taken from guilty per- sons being carried through the forum with the name and nature of their offence suspended round their neck. FAY. Suet. xi. 8; PRA. s. xi, 31; Liv. ii, 38; xxxiii, 23; Mart, i, 64, 3; iii, 74, 5; vi, 77, 5. H. Or ' conveys their images in funeral pro- cessions.' GES. K. Squalenfes may be (i) synonymous with firmosos, 8 ; ' smoky and dusty from age.' s. Sil. i, 21 1 ; iii, 655 ; iv, 375; Virg. G. iii, 161; ApoUon. ii, 1007; iii, 411. Or (2) 'rough and manly,' ii, 11, note. Or (3) 'mourn- ing for the degeneracy of their pos- terity.' R. FA Y. 18. The busts and statues of such as had been guilty of any capital crime were sometimes delivered up to the common executioner to be destroyed, that they might not disgrace the name, by bemg carried with the rest in the funeral processions of the family. LUB. X, 58; PRA. Plin. Pan. 52; Tac. A. vi, 2. (i.) R. [Hence our custom of hanging or burning in effigy.] This might have operated as a very powerful pre- ventive of vice, had it not, like many other salutary customs, been perverted by the emperors and their favourites to the purposes of private hatred and re- venge. Motions were sometimes made in the senate, for breaking the busts of such as were obnoxious to the tyrant of the day; and even so early as the reign of Tiberius, we find that it was not considered safe, in the splendid funeral of Junia, the wife of Cassius, to bring SAT. VIII. OF JUVENAL. 305 Tola licet veteres exoruent imdique cera? 20 Atria, nobilitas sola est atque uiiica virtus. Paulus vel Cossus vel Drusus moribus esto : Hos ante effigies majorum pone tuorum:^ Praecedant ipsas illi te Consule virgas. Prima mihi debes animi bona. Sanctus haberi 25 Juslitiaeque tenax factis diclisque mereris ? Agnosco procerem. Salve, Ggetulice, sen tu Silanus, quocunique alio de sanguine ! rarus Civis et egregius ])atriae conliugis ovanti. Exclamare libet, populus quod clamat, Osiri out among the uumerous busts of her illustrious family, eitlier that of her hu-b;ind or that of her brother. " Could but our fathers break the bonds of fate, A ud see their oflFsprini? thus degenerate ; How they contend for birth and names unknown. And build on others' actions, not their own. They'd burn their titles, and their tombs deface, And disavow the vile, degenerate race : For fame of families is all a cheat, 'Tis personal virtue only, makes us great ;'' De Foe, quoted from memory. GIF. 19. Atriaf/uc inunodicis arclat ima- ginibus; Mart, ii, 90, G; LVB. non farit nohilem atrium plenum fiimosis imaginibus. nemo in nostram gtoriam vixit, nefjue a nod ante J'uit, nostrum est. animus facit nobilem, cui e.v qiia- cumqiie conditione supra fortunam licet surgere. qnis est yvnerosus ' ud vir- tutevi bene a natura compntitus ; Sen. Ep. 44 ; Autb. of Pan. ad Pis. 5 if; Sail. B. J. 85; Pers. iii, 29. {KG.) R. Juvenal perhaps had in his eye, Ov. Am. i, 8 65. i/S'. 21. Pnulus; s. 143, note; FAY. Piut.Vit. Aur.Vict. deVir. 111. PRA. Aulas Cornelius Cossus, when tribune in the army, slew Lar Tolumnius king of the Veientes, and thereby carried oil" the second spolia opinia to consecrate ■ to Jupiter Feretrius. Liv. iv, 19. Or C. Corn. Lent iilus Cossus. AugiutnsCeesar GeKtulos aecolai Syrtiinn Cosso duce compescuil, iinde illi Gatnliri 7iomen\ Flor. iv, 12,40. The latter would stem to be here allutled t<>, from 2i\. FAY. FRA. There were in Juvenal's time two lawyers named Paulus and Cos- sus, who, probably, were no honour to the name they bore, vii, 144, note. One of the Claudii gained the ad- ditional name of Drusus by engaging hand to baud and slaying Drusus the enemy's general: he also brought back out of Gaul the gold which had formerly been paid to the Senones, when they were besieging the Capitol. PRA. 22. Hos i. e. mores. Sch. s. Tac. Agr. 46. 24. ' If you look for respect from me, I will tell you what 1 exact first from you.' LUB. Animi bona ' the moral and intel- lectual virtues,' as opposed to ' corporeal goods' and ' the goods of fortune.' ACH. Sanctus; iii, 137; MAD. integer vitcE scelerisque puruf, Hor Od. i, 22, 1. 25. See note on 80. ' In word and deed :' maximnm enim est sripientia; officium et indicium, tit verbis opera concordent,ne orationi vita dissentiat; Sen. SVL. 26. ' All hail!' Hor. Od. i, 32, 16. R. Gatulice ; 21 , note. ' The man, who has subjugated his passion.^ and tri- umphs over temptations, is to my mind a more illustrious hero and coiKjueror, than he who has but gained a victory over barbarian enemies.' LUB. [Hor. 0. ii,2, 9-16.] 27. L.Junius Silanus was a wealthy young nobleman ; Tac. A. xii,3. LUB. He was son-in-law of the emperor Claudius. Suet, v, 27. PRA. Rn r i ijvippe boni ; xiii, 26. LUB. 29. Osiris was deilied as having been the inventor of agriculture, gardening, and planting. Tib. i, 7, 27 ff. {HY.) 2 11 306 THE SATIRES SAT. Mil. •JO iiivLMUo. Quis cniiu goncrosum dixerit liunc, qui Iiuligmis genore el pra'claro nomine tantuni Insignis ? Nanuni cujusdani Atlanta vocannis, ^ll)i()pL>«i Cycniini, pravam cxtortamque puellam Europen ; canibus pigris scabieque vetusta 35 Levibiis et siccae lambentibus ora lucernaj Nomen erit Pardus, Tigris, Leo, si quid adhuc est, Quod freraat in teriis violentius. Ergo cavebis Sch. The Egyptians worshipped him untltT the figure of a live ox, which he was supposed to animate. When the animal (to which they gave the I'ame of Apis, LO.) grew old, and conse- quentlx unfit for the residence of the divinity, he was thought to quit it, and migrate into a younger body of the same species ; just as the Tartars, with infinitely more good sense, are taught to believe that their Lama migrates from one liuman body (o another. The deserted ox was drowned with much ceremonious sorrow; when, those me- lancholy maniacs, his priests, attended by an immense concourse of people, dispersed themselves over the country, wailing and lamenting, in quest of the favoured individual which Osiris had selected to dwell in. This the priests were supposed to know by some sacred marks, and this they always took care to find in due time: the lamentations of the people were then changed into songs of joy ; they conducted the sa- crosanct beast with great pomp to the shrine of his predecessor, shouting and calling to the inhabitant-; as they passed, " We have found him, we have found him! Come, and let us rejoice together.'' All the rites of the Egyptians were of a gloomy cast. 'J'his may be one of the causes of thesingular attachment of the women to them, wherever they were intrnduced. We have seen (vi,"526 ff; PRA.) in what manner the priests of Isis ran up and down the streets of Rome, howling and lamenting for Osiris: this was a paltry imitation of their native ceremonies; to the clamo- rouH termirjation of which Juvenal here alludes. GIF. MAD. Her. iii, 27 ff; PJin. viii, 40; Lact. Inst, i, 21. R. 30. Quis nohilissimut, nisi <)ui op- timtu-' Fabiua. LUB. See note on 19. PRA. 31. ' Panegyric then becomes irony, it can only be applied by antiphrasis.' Sch. 32. Ndms pnmitio; Gell. xix, 13; ho)iio siiijs breuiter cnncrctiis in artiis ; PiTp. iv, 8, 41 ; pumilioniim genus in omnibus animalibus est; Plin. xi, 49. PRA. li. People ofquality kept 'dwarfs' for their amusement. MAD. ^ihlecs (p'lXe;, as Kiof/.iKOs

i^i, i%ia. '1 he wife of Germanicus ( the father of J.Agrijjpina) was Agrippina, whose mother was Julia the daughter of Augustus. So that Nero could boast a threefold descent from the Julian family; (1) Nero, Uomitius, Antonia major, Octavia, Atia, Julia; (2) Nero, J. Acrippina, Germanicus, Antonia minor, Octavia, &c ; (3) Nero, J. Agrippina, A^'rippina, Julia, Augustus, Atia, &<■. [CW, L. on C. p. 197-] 40. Tunics i. e. (e«) iii/ln/un plenus- eine; 72. H. Alto slemmate \ 1; and vi, 38.T. II. 43. "And not the offspring of some easy fair, "Who, shivering in the wind, near yon dead wall, Plies her vile la- bour, and is all to all." GIF. Aggere; v, 153; vi, 588; s. Plin. H. N.iii, 5 s 9; {HD.) Dionys. ix; Strab. v; Tac. An. iv, 2; L. Hor. S. ), 8, 15; Suet, iv ; R. Tib. i, 6, 77 ff; (HY.) Mart, i, 35, 6. PLA. 45. AvfouTof eliK sx'-'* ii^iTj) ovafut sracra-au, akX.' aySs 9raT^o's' Synes. adv. Andr. 1; s. iv, 98; Virg. iE. ix, 343, R. 46. Cecropides ; 53 ; ii, 92 ; i. e. ' of royal and ancient lineage.' s. Pers. iv, 20 ; L UB. ivyivifTC^ot Tov Kix^o^ti « KoS^ow Luc. lini. -^'J. Ii. ' Sir, I wish you long life, and much joy of your noble descent.' 31 AD. a. yaudeat; 13. 47- Sumwa scepc ingenia in occulta latent; Plant. LUB. s. vii, 145; Cic. T. Q. iii, 23; Hor. S. i, 6, 6 16. Ii. Quiritem. This noun denotes those possessed of the rights of citizenship: the singular number of it occurs only in poets. Ii. [Ov. A. iii, 4, 9; Hor. O. ii, 7,3; Per. v, 75.] 49. Note on i, 96. PliA. 50. ' Theknotty points of law and the ambiguous wording of statutes.' ceniy- mala Grafci, ve/ere.s nostri (juiil'tni scriipusn/iprKarunt ; Gell. xii,6. PliA. 51. ' Alter the times of Marius and Sulla, few young men of birth and for- tune entered the army. R. 308 Tin-: SATIRES SAT. VIII. Custodes aquiliis, annis iudustriu.s; at tu Nil nisi Cecropides trunco(iue siinilliimis llennaj. Nullo (iui})pc alio vincis discriiiiinc, quam (jiiod 55 llli marniorcuin caput est, tna vivit imago. Die niilii, Toucrorum proles, animalia muta Qiiis generosa putet, nisi fortia } nempc volucrem Sic landanms cquuni, facili (.-ui pluviina palma Fcrvet et exsultat rauco victoria Circo. Tbe Eiiphratcx was the eastern boun- dary of tlu' Kimian empire: where ' le- gions' were ' stationed to keep in clieck' the Parthians, Syrians, and other Asiatic foes. li. ' The Batavians' {Bntavi truces; Luc. Sch.) had not been ' subdued,' though actual hostilities had ceased. Tac. A. iv, 12-37; 54-8S ; v, 14-2(5; Sil.iii,608 Ih It appears from Tacitus and Suetonius that Domitian was really engaged in an expedition against these people ' in his youth.' GIF. [They were a tribe of "the Catti ; and their country was an island, part of which is still called l?etuwe. A W.] 52. ' The eagles' were of gold or silver, and fixed on spears: it was Marius, in his second consulship, who apjiropriated these ensigns to the Ro- man legions. Plin. x, 4. PRA. They are here ))ut for ' the legions' themselves. LUB. FAY. 53. Triincits atf/ne stipes; Cic. Pis. 9 ; retiq'ii de fartimie stmt inertissimi nobiles, in f/i'ihiis, siciit in stattia , prae- tcr nomen niliil est additamenti ; Sail, de Kep. Ord. Or. ii ; o'7-8X«*oy. Lysipp. in Dicffiarch. llernm sti.lidi.ssimits ; Sidon. 1-^p. iv, IG; eu //.h (p^w.at^, ol y ifiiXicf, (i^arou} Kgivtirt, *ai reii tihrt* rci/f ivyifus ; e! ya.^ toioZtoi ra; vraXiis $'iKoZini tu xai iu/jiafi' a'l d\ caoKii a! iilta) art. iii, 63, 12. PRA. The following inscriptions are copied from an old marble at Rome, on which are sculptured two prancing horses: (1) AijUn.O .NLPOS AQUII.ONIS VIOIT rXXX, SFCUNDAS TULIT LXXXVIII, TKKTIAS TULIT XXXVIl. (2) IlIKIM- NUS NEPOS AUUILONIS VICIT C\IV, SECUNDASTULI r LVIjTEKTIASTULIT XXXVI. L. .06, note. R 64. //// ' in their case.' 7?. 6». Mira/3 rtut itr^o'ras' l.tic. 'Ecr«r». 2<». II. CAi. Trito ' galled bv the collar.' MAD. Kpircdia: Romanisvim hnnrfecrre vfieent ex titraque aliena, ' i*)' Grtrra, et ' reda' Gallica; Quint, i, r>; FllA. s. iii, 10. R. 67. B^a^uTTovs is the epithet of an ass. SVL. Old mules, and donkeys, and broken-down hacks were employed to turn the stone in mills; they got little but chart" and straw tn eat, and had more blows than either. Apul. As. Aur. vii ; ix; Ov. F. vi, 312 ; 318 if. R. Nepos a well-known miller at Rome, who kept his mill at work night and day. SVL. Mart. R. 68. " And w^ere thy fathers gentle .'* that's their praise ; No thank to thee, by whom their name decays ; By virtue got they it, and valorous deed, Do thou so, Pontice, and be honoured. Brag of thy father's faults, they are thine own. Brag of his lands, if they are not fore- gone ; Brag of thine own pood deeds ; for they are thine, More than his life, or lands, or golden line ;" Hall, Sat. iv, 3. GIF. non est t/t//m, fortnnn quod fecit tuum\ Sen. LUB. 69. Incidrre ' to have inscribed' viz. on the base of your statue. R. 71. Juvenem i. e. Rnbeltium. LUB. 72. Tac. A. xiv yRA. As if that were any thing to be proud of. Sch. 73. Stultitinm piitiuntur opes; Hor. Kp. i, 18, 29. (;RA. " Le .sens vinuinun n^e.sl pas si commiin;^'' Vol- taire. ' Common sense.' (Hor. S. i, 3, i\i\\ Pb.-edr. i, 7; Quint, lii.-t. Or. i, 2, 20. Sen.) 'J'he Latin words seem to have received this particular signilica- 310 TllK SAllRES SAT. VIII. Foituna. Sed te conseri laude tuoruui, 75 Ponticc, uoliierim, sic ut nihil ipse fuluvie Laudis agas. Miscrum est alioriim iiicuiubere I'aiDye, Ne collapsa niant subdnctis tecta columnis. Stratus Imiui palnics vidiias desiderat ulnios. Ksto bonus miles, tutor bonus, arbiter idem SO Integer. Anibigua; si quando citabei^ testis Incertivque rei ; Phalaris licet iuiperet, ut sis Falsus, et admoto dictet pcijuria tauro, Suinuium crede nefas aniinam pra3ferre pudori Et propter vitam vivendi perdere causas. 85 Dignus morte perit, ccenet licet ostrea centum (ion in the Augustan age : meaning the knowledge of what nun are wont to know and to think ; the prudence, which may be expected in every one, who has mixed with the world and acquainted himself with the manners and institu- tions of HKinkind ; hut, especially, such as is requisite in the daily intercourse between rnan and man. Rriiinitiare, prii'i/egiiim, and jn/fjlicrtre, (which oc- cur in Seneca) are additional examples of words acquiring a new meaning and one which the respr.'ctive derivatives re- tain in modern languages. SPA. 75. PostercB laudis \ Hor. Od. iii, 30, 7. R. 77. Pindar has a similar metnplior, taXifitu xlovas, as OTt ffaniTof fiiyapo*, xa.1ofe.ir Ol. vi, 1 S. [Spectator No 518.] 78. The metaphor here used was familiar to the Romans; vi, 150, note. The plane and the poplar were used for the same puipose as the e 1 m. adnlla vitiia/i projjat/int'iillas maritat pupiihs ; Hor. Ep. 2, 10 ; plalanits cwlebscvinvct ulmos ; Od. ii, 15, 4 f; collihus in stiis vilcm vidiias illicit ad arbores; Od. iv, 6, 29 f ; (MI.) Ov. M. xiv, G66 ; (HS.) R. LUB. vohilia vina non nisi in ar- busUs ni'jni, linujii judical ur (evt ; adeo exceUitnle projicifur. hac r-ilionc et arbores eliijitiilur : prima omnium nl- mus. .. .niaritare, nisi va/idas, ini- 80. Jusfiim ac tenaceni propositi virum non civitim ardor p^avajubc nli- nm, non vnllus instantis tyranni nicnte quatit solida ; Hor. Od. iii, 3, 1 ff ; i UB. id. Ep. i, [16,] 73 ff. R. 81. Phalaris, tyrant of Agrigentum in Sicily, had a ' brazen bull' made by Perillus, in which he roasted men alive over a slow fire ; and made the first ex- periment upon the artist himself. Diod. xiii, p. 211 ; I uc. Phal. 11 ; R. Pers. iii, 39; iyZ/^. s. vi, 486; [1,71, note; Ov. lb. 439 fT; Daniel iii ] 84. Homo natus ad nihil est aliudf f/ua?n ad honcstalem; Cie. Ac. hominum genus ad horcstatem natiim; id. Part. 91 ; nihil est pries/ahilius, f/i/am plane inlelligi nos ad jnsl ilium natos; id. de Leg. i, 28. I'RA. LUB. This is the doctrine of the Stoics, r/ui voluplatibus., dediti quasi in diem vivunt, vivendi causas ijuolidiefiniunt : tjiiiveroposteros corjilant , it mcmoriani sui operibus ej'- tendiint, his nulla mors nun rcpcnlina est; Plin. Ep. v, 5, 4; iJ; xxoto; rrt; i^iyi'iou Z,ari; , oiaSuri; OTia, xai Tr^ti^iis xoivcjvixai Al. Anton, vi ; Arislotnles ait, hominem ad duas res, ad intelli- gendiim et ad agendum, esse natum, quasi mortalem deum ; Cic. Fin. ii, 13 ; Lampr. Heliog. 6 end; {CS.) Pers. iii, 60 f; {KG.) s. xv, 106 fl". R. [HAR, O. ii, 8.] 85. "Life! I profane the word: can those be said To live, who merit micum, encrantr v loci vilium incre- death? no; they are dead, Though men to .... df/lectenda ritis out pa hues Juxta suam nrboreni ant circa nroxi- mamcoetihem; Plin. xvii,23. PR A. Gaut-an oysters load their sumptuous board, And o'er their limbs all Cosmo's sweets be pour'd." GIF. Perhaps the SAT. VIII. OF JUVENAL. 311 Gaurana et Cosmi toto mergatur aeno. Exspectata diu tandem provincia quum te Rectorem accipiet, pone irae frena modnmqne, Pone et avaritiae ; miserere inopum sociorum. 90 Ossa vides regum vacuis exsucta medullis. Respice, quid moneant leges, quid curia mandet, Praemia quanta bouos maneant, quam fulmine justo poet had in his mind the confession of Tiberius in note on x, 94 ; see Tac. A. vi, 6; and Plat. Hep. ix, p. 579; R. quis lion merito judicet, periisse tales f Plin. H. N xiii, 3. " Thou hast a name that thou livcst, and art dead ;'' Revelation iii, 1. PRA. In Holy Writ a life of wickedness is constantly spoken of as death, and the wicked as being dead: " Dead in trespasses and sins." [Ephesians ii, 1.] Ostrea; iv, 141 f. PRA. 86. ' Gauran' i. e. ' Lucrine,' Sch. from Gaitrus (now ' Gierro) a mountain of Campania near Raise and the Lucrine lake. LUB. Iieec litora, prcBter cetera in toto mart, conchylio et phce nobili a(bu)tantvr\ Plin. H. N. iii, 5; Strab. V ; P/M. concha Lucrini delicatior stag- ni; Mart, v, 37, 3. C'osmiis was a celebrated perfumer of those days. Mart, i, 88, 2 ; PRA. iii, 55; Cosmianis fiisux amptdlis; S2, 26; ix, 27, 2 ; xi, 8, 9 ; 15, 6 ; 50, 6 ; xii, 65, 4 ; xiv, 59, 2. R. ' Be plunged.' Jam non Uni tantum, fed p e rfu « tK/itii^r,iTti.\fTii xa) TovTor lu fiaXa. i riuiXuf, Mj^otTo, auoy auriiv xai raf P'^cci iiroTt- Tiartfiivov uToXfTTovTis' Luc. 'lim. 8. li. 91 . L eg e s ad salutcni rivlum civita- Uinique incoliimitatem, vitntnqiie liomi- nuin quictam ac bcntain conditns esse constat; Cic. Leg. ii, 11. PR.4. Curia ' the senate,' (literally ' the court-house;' Cic. deOr. iii, 42; MAD.) which assigned the provinces to the several governors. K. 92. Good governors were honoured not only with pecuniary presents, but with temples, festal days, (as those in honour of .Marcellus at Syracuse, and of Lucullus at Cyzicus,) statues, tri- umphal chariots, &c. R. The senate is here compared to Jupiter, wielding its thunders and fulminating its wrath against delin- •M-2 THE SATIRES SAT. viir. l*'t Cajiito ot Nuniitor riunint, daninantc senatu, ]^irat;r Ciliciim. Sed (luid daimiatio confert, Da (iiiuin Pansa cripiat, quid(iiiid tibi Natla rcliquit? Pncconem, ClKciii)i)o, tiiis circuiuspice pannis Jainquo tace. Furor est, post omnia pcrdere nauluin. Non idem geiuitus oliiii neque vulnus erat par Damnoruni, sociis florentibus et modo victis. 100 Plona doimis tunc omnis et ingeus stabat acervus Nuiuoruin, Sj)artaiux cldamys, concliylia Coa, Kt cuin Parrha!-ii tabulis signisque Myronis quencj-: as Augustus is by Ovid, Tr. V, '2, .-)3; s. Sjl. i, 4-21 ; Stat. S, v, 2, 10"2 ; xa) ya^ reus KuritSiKaffiiyras itt^au- )ttZe(a,t i^dfiW Arteinid. Oneir. ii, 3; Lycoph. p. 194; (i»i^".) R. Livy xxii, 35, 8. 93 Cossiitianus Capito, son-in-law of Tigellinus (i, 155;) and prefect of Cilicia, was condemned for peculation and extortion. Tao. A. xi, 6; xiii,33; xiv, 48; xvi, 17; 21; 28; 33; Quint. Inst, vi, 1. li. LUB. PRA. Numitor; s. vii, 74. PRA. No go- vernor of Cilicia bearing this name is mentioned in history. R. 94. Tlii^arai' ti Kara iaXarffav kx- KtZ^ytr so called from xiT^at ' the stra- tagems and tricks' they practised. Schol. on Aristoph. PRA. ' Of the Cilicians,' who were them- selves notorious ' pirates.' Soh. Their piracies were suppressed by I'ompey. Plut. y. xxxii. These people were one of the three Cs; [s. vii, 15, note.] PRA. " What boots it ?" GIF. s. i, 34 f ; PRA. and 47 ff. FAY. Compare this with jEsop's fable addressed to the Samians; Arist. Rh. ii, 21, 2. 95. Pa/isawas a name of the Vibian clan, Nalta of the Pinarian : Tac. A. iv, 34 ; Hor. S. i, G, 124 ; Pers. iii, 31. Some suppose there is here a covert al- lusion to the treasury's having seized upon all that Marius was made to re- fund ; note on ii, 47. R. PRA. 9C. ' The best thing the provincials can do is to sell their little all: when converted into cash, it can be secreted or removed with more facility.' Sch. Profconem ; vii, <). MAD. Cheeripinig designates some man of good family reduced to beggary: as names compounded with ?«•«•«; belonged to persons of noble birth, [vi, 104; Arist. N. 64-68.] 97. ' If you complain, you will only get out of the frying-pan into the fire.' ' It is downright madness, (1) not to leave yourselves a farthing to pay for your passage over the Styx:' iii, 2G7, note; or (2) 'to throw good money after bad, by being at the expense of a voyage to Rome, in order to prosecute the delinquent.' Sch. PRA. There is a French expression to much the same effect, " // est si pauvre, {/it'i/ n'a pas (le (/uui passer I'eaii." GRA. The meaning of the line corresponds with the English proverb ; " Do not throw the haft after the hatchet." GIF. [s. Arist. PI. 566.] 98. Gcmifus : XvtriT ya^ /iaXXer to ^oKv ra^a Vo^av Arist. Rh. ii, 2, 4. Vulnus; Virg. iE. xii,160; R. 'they could better afford to be deprived of superfluities then, than to be stripped of necessaries now.' PRA. 99. ' Only conquered, not plundered.' R. 101. ' The Spartan military mantle.' The murex was found in great abun- dance off Cape Tamarus. PRA. Plin. ix, 36 s 60; {HD.) xxi, 8; xxxv, 6; Cassiod. Ep. vi, 21 ; Hor. Od. ii, 18, 7 ; L UB. BCE, pp. 64 ; 85. R. Conchy lia; iii, 81. PRA. Cos, an island in the iEgean, was also famous for its purple. MAD. Hor. Od. iv, 13, 13; (ilf/.) s. ii, 65; vi,260; Plin. V, 31 s 36; xi. 22; 23 s 25-27; {HD.) Tib. ii, 3, 53; 4, 29; (//F.) BCE, pp. 376 f; R. [BRK, C. R. vol. i, p. 416 fif;] Her. vii, 99, 61. 102. Parrhasius, who styled himself king of the painters, was a native of SAT. VIII. OF JUVENAL. 313 Phidiacum vivebat ebur nee non Polycleti Multus ubique labor, rarae sine Mentore niensae. 105 Inde Dolabella est atque hinc Antonius, inde Saciilegus Verres. Referebant navibus altis Ephesus, and flourished about four cen- turies before the Christian era. The anecdote of his successful competition with Zeuxis is well known. Plin. xxxv, 6; 9 f ; Zeuxis lumiiium iimbrarh?nf/ue invenisse rutiotiem, Parr/tasiiis exa- minasse sitbtilius lineas traditiir. . . . molliora siipradictis Myron fecit, dili- gentia ar decor in Polycleto siiprn ce- teros; deorum tamen anctoritatem non exptevil . . . .(fuaB Polijdeto dcj'uerunt Phidias liabuif, qunnquam diis quam hominibiis ejpngendis melior artifex, ^•c; Quint, xii, 10; PRA. Hon Od. iv, 6, 6 if; {MI.) MAD. Paus. i, 28; Ath. xii, 11; XV, 10; Prop.iii,9, 12. R. Myron, of Eleutherae, among other works executed a bronze heifer, which was so exquisitely wrought as to be often mistaken for a real one. Auson. Ep. Iviii-lxviii; PRA. Ov. Pont, iv, 1, .34; MAD. .Anthol. Gr. Ep. iv, 7; Plin. xxxiv, 8 ; Paus. i, 23 ; ii, 30 ; vi, 2; 8; 13; ix, 30; Petr. 88 ; Prop, ii, 31,7; Cic. Verr. iv,3; 43;60. /?. He flourished about 440 B. c. 103. Phidias, of Athens, lived at the same period, and was patronized by Pericles. His two great works were the colossal figures of Minerva in the Parthenon and of Jupiter Olympius at Elis ; which latter was reckoued one of the seven wonders of the world. Anthol. Gr. Ep. i, 54 ; Mart, iii, 35 ; Plin. vii, 38; xxxiv, 3; 8; xxxvi. 6; hi, 5; Paus. i, 2; 24; 28; vii, 27; O v. Pont, iv, 1, 31 ; {US. BU.) Cic. Or. 2 ; V. Max. iii, 7, end; 4. R. PRA. Vivebat; s. Theocr. xv, 83; Virg. G. iii, 34; /E. vi,848; Prop, ii, 31 , 8 ; iii, 9, 9; V. riacc. ii, 465 f; {UU.) Claud, xxvi, 012 {BA.) R. PolycletiiK, of Sicyon, flourished two cenluricH later ; and was reckoned supe- rior even to I'Uidias. His chef d'oeuvre was a statue of one of the body-guards of the Persian king. JE\. V. H. xiv, 8 ; Paus. ii, 17; 20; 22; 24; 27; iii, 18; vi,0; 13; viii,3l ; Tic. Brut.nr. ; Plin. xxxiv, 8. R. PRA. 104. Labor; s. V. Place, i, 143; Mart, ix, 45; M^vh. P. 767; {BL.) Nicet. t. ii, p. 40; 368. (BO/.) R. Mentor, a sculptor, who was famous for his skill in carving and embossing cups. Plin. vii, 38; xxxiii, II f; s 53 and 55; Mart, iii, 41; ix, 60, 16; xi, 12, 5; Cic. Ver. iv, 18; {GV. E.) Prop, i, xiv, 2; iii, 9, 13. R. 105. Cicero, speaking of the danger of separating the utile from the hones- tuni, says hinc furta, peculatus, ex- pilationes direptionesque sociorum et civium nasciintur, 8fc; Off. iii, 9. R. K. The criminals are here put for the crimes. In like manner Celceno is used, 130; mca Clot ho et Lachesis; ix, 135. R. Dolabella: there were three depreda- tors of this name ; (1) Cn. Corn. Dola- bella, consularis et triuniphalis vir, im- peached by Ca;sar for extortion, as pro- consul of Macedonia, but acquitted. Suet. 1, 4; Cic. Pis. 19; Brut. 92. (2) Cn. Dolabella Prator of Cilicia, accused by M. Scaurus, and found, guilty of a like oftence. Cic. Ver. i, 4 ; 15-17; 37 f; {E.) and (3) P. Corn. Dolabella, Cicero's son-in-law and go- vernor of Syria, of whom his father-in- law speaks thus : cum hoc hoste bellan- dum est, cujus teterrinia crudelitate omnisbarhariasuperata est. quid loquar de ccede civium Romanorum? de di- rept ione fanoruin? quis est, qui pro rerum alrocitate dcplorare tantas calamitates qucat ? et nunc tola Asia vagatur, volt tat ut rex; nos alio, bello distineri putat ; Phil, xi, 2 ; s. Dio xlii,29; xlv;i,29. R. C.Antonius, proconsul of Achaia, was found guilty of extortion and treason and expelled from the senate; he was restored by the next censors, and became Cicero's colleague in the consulshiji. Cic.CoEl.31; Vat. 11; Sail. B.C. 21. R. 106. C. Verres, praitor of Sicily, im- peached by Cicero, and condemned for extortion. Act. ii, 4. R. Siculi Jam ne dcos quidem insuis urbibus, ad quos confu'^iant habcnt; quod eorum simu- lacra sancfissifua C. Verres ex dcluhris religiosissimis sustulit. It is satis- factory to find that at last he fell a sacrifice to the same detestable rapacity for which he is here stigmatized ; being 2 s 311 THE vSATIRES SAT. VIII. Occulta spolia ct plnvcs do ])aco triuniphos. Nunc sociis iu{^a pauca boiun, grcx ])aivus cquarum, Et pater annciui ca])tc) cripiatur agcllo; 110 Ipsi (leinde Lares, si quod spectabile signuui, Si (juis in anlicnla dcus unicus. Haec etenim sunt Pro sunimis: nam sunt ha)C maxima. Despicias tu Forsitan imbelles llhodios unctamque Corinthon : Despicias nuvito. Quid resinata juventus 1 15 Crura([ue tolius facient tibi levia gentis? llorrida vitanda est llispania, Gallicus axis, Jllyricumque lalus: parcc et messovibus illis, Qui saturant urbem Circo scena^que vacantcm. proscribe'-! bj- M. Antony, who took a fancy to his Sicilian rarities, and could not obtain them by fair means. GIF. 107- The last syllable of occulta is made long before the two consonants; as \nferte citi ferritin^ date tela^scan- dite mtiros; Virg. I&. ix, 37. PRA. They called them ' spoils,' and yet dared not show them. GRA. MAD. ' More plunder from peaceful pro- vinces, than others from hostile coun- tries.' GRA. ignavissini/' homines per siimmiim scelits omnia e.v sociis ail i mere, (/ueB fortissimi viri victores hostibits re- lifji/ernnf ; Sal. B.C. 12; [Livy vi, ]«.] 108. Sil. iii, 463 ; Virg. iE. i, 185. R. 109. So that there is no longer a pos- sibility of making good their losses. GRA. 111. ' In a niche.' R. The integrity of the following lines is doubted. 112. " Mean spoils indeed ! but such were now their best." GIF. Sinnmi.s- is used absolutely, 7)iaxima relatively. 113. ' You may not be very wrong in your notion, that the Greeks, being BO effeminate, may be plundered with impunity.' Rhodes; vi, 29G; Strah. xiv ; Plin. V, 31 s .36; Find. 01. vii ; Gell. vii, 3 ; Pint. Op. t. ii, p. 52.5, B. Ath. xiii, 2. PRA. R. Uiict'i Tarentns ; Sidon. v, 430 ; im,Uis\ Hor. S. ii, 4, 34; s. Sil. xii, IH. (I>.) R. Corinth was a city, which, from its commercial advantages, acquired im- menHC wealth, and suhsecjuently became notorious for every species of luxury and ilebaucliery. s. Hor. Kp. i, 17,36; Gell. i, 8; Mart, x, 65; ER, Ad. iv, 4,68. R. 114. Rcsina omnis oleo dissolvitur , ant creta, pudetqne conjiteri, 7naxinmm jam honor em ejus esse in evellendis ah virorum corporibus pilis: Plin. xiv, 20. PRA. 115. Levia opposed to horrida. s. ii, 11 f. R. ^ 116. ' You must beware of meddling with.' Rch. Gallicus axis * the clime of Gaul:'' either Iwcause it was nearer the pole than Rome, or because the natives fought from chariots. LUB. Cajs. B. G. i, 51. R. 1 17. Illi/ria was a tract of land (in- cluding the modern Dalmatia and Scla- vonia) extending along the eastern shores of the Adriatic. The ferocity of its inhabitants may be learnt from Flor. Jl, 5; 13; PRA. Ov. Her. 12, 27: {HS.) Liv. X, 2; xl, 42; xlii, 26; xliv, 27. R. These ' reapers' are the natives of Africa, Sch. from which Rome derived its principal supply of corn. Plin. v, 4. PRA. Thus messor Arabs; Mart, iii, 65, 5. R. ' 118. Mantis movere maluerunt in theafro et circo, quam in segetibus ac vinetis : frumentum locamus, qui nobis advehat, qui saturi fiamus, ex Africa et Sardinia; Varr. 11. R. GRA. This is a satirical periphrasis for Rome, s.x, 80 f; LC/B. iii, 223; PRA. xi, 53 ; plebs sordida et circo ac theatris sueta; Tac. H. i, 4. R. Vaeanfem ludo ; Rutil. Itin. i, 377. {WF.)R. SAT. VIII. OF JUVENAL. 315 Quanta autem iude feres tain dirae pra3mia culpa^, 120 Quuni tenues nuper Marius discinxerit Afros? Curandum in primis, ne magna injuria fiat Fortibus et miseris. ToUas licet omne, quod usquam est Auri atque argenti ; scutum gladiumque reliuques Et jacula et galeam : spoliatis arma supersunt. 125 Quod modo proposui, non est seuteutia : verum Credite me vobis folium recitare Sibyllaj. Si tibi sancta cohors comitum, si nemo tribunal Vendit acersecomes, si nullum in conjuge crimen Nee per conventus et cuncta per oppida curvis 120. See i, 47 ff; LUB. and 95. R. The Africans wore little more than girdles : and in girdles money used to be carried: xiv, '297. The poet, in using this verb, alludes to the epithet discincti applied to the Africans by- Virgil; iE. viii, 724; GRA. s. Sil. ii, 66; vii, 153; viii, 34; and E, CI. Cic. R. vii, 149; x, 148; PRA. Livy XX vii, 13, j. 122. With omne quod usqtiam est auri fitf/'ie arncitfi, compare roTa-i ouTe vpu.) R. LUB. Mart, ii, 53. PRA. That Ihe wife of the governor did sometimes iiiteifere in their judicial jiroceediiigs is evident from St Matthew xxvii, 19. 129. Concent us 'the cities where courts were held.' E. Tlic euslom "f :U() THE SATIRES SAT. Mil. 130 rn<>:inl)us ire parat iminos raptura CeUeno : Tunc licet a Pico nuineivs genus, altaque si te Nomina delectant, ounicm Titanida pugnam Inter niajoies ipsunK[uc Piouiethea ponas : De quocunique voles j)roavuni tibi sumito libro. 135 Quod si prajcipitem rapit ambitio atque libido, Si iVangis virgas socioruni in sanguine, si te Delectant liebetes lasso lictore secures ; Inci])it ipsorum contra te stare parentum Nobilitas claramque lacem pra)ferre pudendis. 140 Oiune aninii vitium tanto conspectius in se Crimen liabet, quanto major, qui peccal, habetur. judges going the circuit is very ancient. I Samuel vii, 16-17. MJD. 130. Celeeno, one of the Harpies, the daughters of Zephyrus. Her sisters were Aello, Ocypete, and Podarge. Virg. /E. iii, 211 ff; {HY.) LUB. s. 105, note. Avaricious and unjust ma- gistrates are thus described as Har- jtyias, r/iim-nm tiecerpitnr unguibiis or- Ois, qucR pede glufineo, quod tetigere trahunt; Itin. i, 009 f. [" Suppose a person with his passions inflamed, his natural faculty of self-government im- paired by habits of indulgence, and with all his vices about him, like so many harpies, craving for their ac- customed gratification:'' Bp Hutler, An. i, 3, .5.] ii Xk^/xXeio:, m tdXXhv; nSn lieut \KT^x.^n>'i5, note. Dnmoii Pints., another fomi "f the more ordinary (ircek word itrTeiaf/.tf , may be a fictitiouH name; i, 59 tt\ notes; but it was also a family name of the Licinian clan. V. Pat. ii,26; Cic. Ep. ix, 21 ; vii, 23 ; Att. xii, 29, 33; Hor. S. ii, 3; R. PRA. 96, note. 148. ' With the frequent drag-chain.' Sch. This was a slave's business. MAD. 149. vi, 311. R. Testes; iii, 49 ; xiii, 75. MAD. 150. ' Strain their eyes.' ' When he lias abdicated the consul- ship.' if/£. 1 52. Trepidare, after the Greek idiom, is followed by an accusative : x, 21 ; as treinere is, Sil. ii, 53 ; V. Flac, v, 520; {BU.) and liorrere; [iii, 7; 265.] R. ED. 153. Adnuet; iii, 318. MAD. By way of salute. LUB. ' The trusses of hay.' MAD. 154. To7; uxsZuyieis ififiaXut ret ;^og- T«»- Theoph. Cli. iv. R. In Italy they feed their horses with ' barley' and not with oats. GRA. 155. Understand oves. LUB. In this passage, mid in xii, 5; our author seems to liave had before his eyes Virg. ^E. ix, 62! I. PH. 156. ' Of Nunia' i. e. ' after the an- cient rites.' iii, 12; 138. PRA. R. Perhaps this may be a sarcastic re- flection on Nuina, as being influenced more by ])olicy than by real religion: f/Hi/)ii alios fallrrrl, sc ipsum tion fe- fellil; l.act.'i, 22. ACII. ' He swears' i.e. inwanllv. It. G18 THE SATIRES SAT. VIII. Solam Eponain ct facics olida ad procscpia pictas. Sed (juuiu ])civigilcs ])lacct instamaro popinas ; Obvius adsidiu) SyrophoDnix udiis amomo 11)0 Ciurit, ldunuu;L" Syri)])luL;nix iucola portal, llosi)itis allrctu dominuui rogoiuque salutat Et cum vonali Cyane succincta lagena. Defensor culpae dicet mihi " Fecimus et nos Hffic juvenes." Esto. Desisti ncrape uec ultra 165 Fovisti en-orem. Breve sit, quod turjjiter audes. Quajdam cum prima resecentur crimina barba. ludulge veniam pueris. Damasippus ad illos Thermarum calices iuscriptaque lintea vadit, Maturus belle, ArraenijK Syria3que tuendis 157. Tn medio st/ahulo Eponce simu- lacrum ; Apul. M. iii, p. 97. PRA. This goddess was the patroness of grooms. Sch. Minue. Oct. 26; Tertull. Ap. Hi; (HV.) Prud. Apoth. 2fi5. irri 5e hos' E.^»*x ^r^iyoiav ■roioujjt.hn'l'^faiv' Plut. Par. niin. 29. R. The accusative case is put after juro, as it is after Sfitvfu in Greek. Herodian. ii, 10; Theoc. XXX, 22 fl"; Tib. iv, 13, 15. (BKH. HY.) R. The passage may be imitated from Aristoph. «1>. th ro» Tltrtiiw rcuroti rit 1tmo» ! 2. /^h //.tl yt reZTor finiuftMi tov 'iz'mf Nub. 84 f. L. 158. ' Open all night long; BRI. iii, 275 : or ' strangers to sleep ;' xv, 43. R. ' To repeat his visits.' GRA. Suet, vi, 26. R. 169. ' The Syrophoenician perfumer.' PI, Ancient Syria was divided into three parts ; "Xu^la Ka/Xu, o/»/*»), rias- Xcurritti. It produced the finest un- guents. Ov. A. A. i, 7Q- R- Amomtan ; Diosc. i, 14 ; Plin. xii, 13; xvi, 32; Ov. Her. 15, 76; (HS.) R. iv, 108, note.PR^. 160. I'liima'a is here put for Jndeea. ' The Jewish gate' at Home is that through which Vespasian and Titus entered the city in their triumph, after their victories in Palestine. LUB. The land of E d o m was to the south of the Holv Land. PRA. This gate was near the arch of Titus. CAL. ACil. 161. " The host With many a cour- teous phrase his entrance greets, And manv a smile." GIP. rutn te non nosscm d o m i n ron re gem que voca- bam; Mart, i, 113, 1 ; Pfi^. iv, 84,6 ; X, 10, 5. GRA. 162. ' The hostess,' Sch. ' with her clothes tucked up to facilitate her movements.' LUB. succinctus eursitat hospcs; Hor. S. ii, 6, 107; MAD. s. iv, 24. R 16. ' To err is human, but to persist in error is gross folly.' BRI. 166. On beards, see iv, 103 ; Pers. iv, 1 : PRA. also vi, 105 ; R. and iii, 186. 168. In these bagnios they drank mulled wine, while bathing, to excite perspiration; and, after coming out of the batli, they often stayed and drank liard . MA D. L UB. frangcndos ca/ices, ejfundandiimque Fa/rr/iu/ii, clmnabaty bile ret ^ fjui modo lotus eques : a sene sed posfqumn. nutni vencre trecenti, so- IrtKs a tliermis nescit abire domum ; Epigr. xii, 71 ; Quint, i, 6; Sen. Ep. 122; GRA. s. vii, 233; [Pers. iii, 100; Vitr. V, 10; Plau. R. ii, 6.] PRA. Or ' eating-houses' may be meant, Sch. where hot victuals were sold : xi, 4, 81 ; VAO. Plaut. Trin. iv, 3, 6ft'; 11 ft". 11 . What the inscriptn lintea were is un- certain ; (1) ' curtains, with rings, to draw and undraw,' GRA. ' and em- broidered with needle-work ;' ix, 105 ; C'.S. Mart, i, 35, 5 f ; RRS. xi, 46. R. or ' having ])ainted on them what wa.s for sale within.' FAY. Or (2) ' towels.' s. Cat. XXV, 7. CAL. 169. The Euphrates and the Orontes. LUB. SAT. VIII. OF JUVENAL. 319 170 Amnibus et llheno atque Istro. Proestare Neronem Securum valet ha;c aetas. Mitte Ostia, Cjcsav, Mitte ; seel in magna legatum quaere popina. Invenies aliquo cum percussorejacentem, Permixtum nautis et furibus ac fiigitivis, 175 Inter caniifices et fabros sandapilarum Et resupinati cessantia tympana Galli. ^qua ibi libertas, coramunia pocula, lectus Non alius cuiquam nee mensa remotior ulli. Quid facias talem sortitus, Pontice, servum ? 180 Nempe in Lucauos aut Tusca ergastula mittas. At vos, Trojugeniv, vobis ignoscitis, et, qua) Turpia cerdoni, Volesos Brutumque decebunt. Armenia ; Turcomania and AlaJulia. FRA. 170. ' The rivers' form a natural line of demarcation and defence. PRA. The Rhine and the Danube (Plin. iv, 12; Gell. X, 7 ; PRA.) constituted the Eu- ropean boundary of tlie empire, as the other rivers did the Asi at i c. 51, note. K. By' Nero' may be meant any emperor, perhaps Domitian ; iv, 38. LUB. 171. Seoirum: Tu^at^ilit {to TtXc; itri) (puXetKn' Arist. Kh. i, 8, ;■!.] Aneus Martius built the town of Ostia at the mouth of the Tiber. MAD. ( 1 ) ' Despatch your legions for em- barkation.' GIF. (2) ' Send your lieutenant-general to take the command of the troops there assembled.' PllA. or (3) ' Send to the mouths of those rivers.' R. But did the Romans send to the mouths of the rivers above mentioned ? and were the mouths the points to he most guarded ? Where the pf)rt of Ostia is mi:int, the poetc either added the epithet Tihrrina, or made the noun singular and of the first declension. A en. I T-i- ' With some cut-throat.' MAD. eral in proxima tiriltUt: juvenin natali- hiix precnohilin, scd luxuria^ popina/is, srorlig et t/iurnis potntionihiis ejccrci- tattia nt'/iie oh id fartiuniltus latronum ni'tir xocialiiH ; nrmon ftinm mnniis infprtii.i Itiiiiiiinn rrurire ; Apul. M. viii, p. 201, \-A. n. 17."). Curnijire.i; vi, -tfiO. R. ' The coffin-makers,' who figure in this worshipful society, were people who furnished the biers, or rather hand- barrows, on which the bodies of such as were killed in the bloody sports of the amphitheatre, were removed to the place of interment. Sch. GIF. cadaver ejus popiilnri sandapila per vespillones ejcportatum; Suet, xii, 17. PRA. 176. ' Stretched upon his back' and, perhaps, dead drunk. Sch. MAD. iii, 112; vi, 126; R. s. vi, 512 ff; Pers. V, 186. PRA. 177. ' It is liberty hall there!' 178. They were all " Hail fellow! well met!" MAD. 180. ' Off to your estate in Lucania, to be kept to hard labour.' PRA. s. xiv, 24. R. In the Tuscan houses of correction (Pers. vi, 150 ;) they were compelled to work in chains : sonat inniimcm compede Tusciis ager; Mart, ix, 23. PRA. 181. Trojugence; 56; i, 100. R. 182. See iv, 13 f. R. There is an English proverb which says, " Some men may sooner steal a horse, than others look into a stable." Ccrdmii; iv, 153; iii, 294; I?. Pers. iv, 51. PRA. The Vok'.ti were sprung from one of the three noble Sabines who settled at Rome with king Tatius in the reign of Romulus. Dionys. H. ii, 46. PRA. The name was afterwards changed to Valerius. Liv. i,.'J8; ii, 30. R. The Jnnii were a very ancient pa- trician clan. R. 3-20 THE SATIRES SAT. VIII, Quid, si nuniquam adeo faulis adeoque pudondis Utimur exemplis, ut non pejora supersint? 185 Consmntis opibiis vocom, Dainasijipc, locAsti Sipario, tlainosum ajfores ul IMiasina Catulli. LauicDlinn velox eliam bene Lentulus egit, • Judice mc dignus vera cruce. Nee tamcn ipsi Ignoscas populo ; po|)uli Irons durior hiijus, 190 Qui scdet et speetat triscurria patricioruin, Planipedes audit Fabios, ridere potest qui Mauicrcorum alapas. Quanti sua funera vendant, Quid refert ? Vendunt nuUo cogente Nerone, 185. Locasti; s. vi, 380; viii, 192 ff. 186. Siparium was probably ' the curtain or drop-scene in comedy,' as aul(euin was that of tragedy. Donat. on Ter. PR A. Apul. M. i, p. 106; x, p. 253 ; Sen. de Tr. 11. jR. It is here put for ' the manager.' ' The .Spectre' was a translation from the Greek: idem Menandri Phasma tunic nuper dedit; Ter. Eun. pr. 9. PRA. Q. LiUatius Catuliis or Catullus, Sch. xiii, 111; Gell. xix, 9 ; Mart, v, 31, 3 ; J?, not C Valerius Catullus the poet of Verona. PE. 187- Laureolus (Suet, iv, 57; Jo- seph. Ant. six, 1 ;) was a principal character in a piece composeil by Ca- tullus, (Tert. adv. Val. 1 4;) or Laberius, or Naivius. Macr. ii, 7; Gell. iii, 3; viii, 13 f; xvii, 14. PRA. For a ballet it must have been horrible enough in all conscience, since tlie hero, a cap- tain of banditti, was not only crucified, but set upon by wild beasts while in that dreadful situation. Sch. Juvenal might have taken the hint of recom- mending Lentulus to a real cross, from what happened at Rome in his own time: for Martial tells us that this drama was performed to the life in the amphitheatre for the amusement of this detestable people ; the part of Laure- olus being filled by a real malefactor : GIF. nudn Caledonia sic viscera pree- bi/it urso, nun fnlsn pendens in cruce Laureolus. vivehant laceri memhris ttittantibua artus, in^ue otnni nusqnam corpore corjnis erat ; Sp. 7- PRA. ' Light of heel.' a. xiii, J 11. R. Lentulus; v, 127, note; vi, 80. R. 189. There is much good sense in this remark ; since nothing is more cer- tain than that the people are degraded in the voluntary degradation of their superiors: a momentous truth, that seems to have escaped the observation of many princes and many people of modern as well as of ancient times. GIF. 190. ' The gross buffooneries.' The particle rg/f has an intensive force, as in T^wiAXyiTTii- LUB. \\>\. 1 'inn i pedes q uod plan is pedibus, id est iiudis, in proscenium inlroiretit, non, ut tragici actores cum cotliurnis, netjue ut comici cum soccis ; sive quod olim non in suggestu scence, sed in piano orchestra! pusitis insfrumentis fuimicis actitarent; Diomcd. de Poem. Gen, iii, p. 487; SCA. note on i, 3; ea'calceati ; Sen.Ep.8. R. Barefooted jack-puddings, who, smeared with soot and oil, and dressed in goat-skins, ca- pered about the stage, in the intervals of the plav, for the entertainment of the rabble. GIF. 192. Mamerci's was a name of the .iEmilian clan; which claimed descent from Numa. Plut. PRA. Plin. xxxvi, 11. DO. Alapas; v, 171; Mart, ii, 72; v, 62, 11; R. TertuU. de Sp. Cypr. FAY. ' They hire themselves out as gladi- ators.' vi, 379, note, nunc caput in mortem vendunt et funus arence ; Manil. iv ; R. Livy xxviii, 21, h; \inunera conj. Z)£>.] 193. Inamphilheatro exhibnit ad fer- rum it/uadrinyentos senatores^ sexcen- fnsque equites Romanes, et quosdam SAT. VIII. OF JUVENAL. 321 fNec dubitant celsi praetoris vendere ludis.f 195 Finge tamen gladios iude atque bine pulpita pone: Quid satins ? Mortem sic quisquam exhorruit, ut sit Zelotypus Tbymeles, stupidi collega Corinthi ? Res baud mira tamen ; citbaroedo principe, mimus Nobibs. Haec ultra, quid eiit nisi Indus r Et illud fortunef atque existlmationisintfgree ex iieilem ordinibiis, confectwesqne fera- rum et varia arenee minister ia\ Suet, vi, 12. FAY. (tt The numbers pro- bably should be f o r t v and sixty, i.) Tac. A. XV, 32 ff; 'PRA. id. H. ii, 71 ; s. xi, 5. R. To do justice to this worthy prince, it should be observed that he merely perfected the system which was struck out by his predeces- sors. Cfesar appears to have had the honour of the invention : Suet, i, 39. Though Augustus extended the shame- ful practice ; Suet, ii, 43 ; he subsequent- ly put a temporary stop to it. After his death it was revived, and continued through the succeeding reigns, till it reached its highest point under Nero. GIF. 194. Celsi; s. x, 36 f; PRA. xiv, 257. R. By the exhibition of games to the people, the prtptor p;ived his way to the coniiulship. vi, 380; xi, 193; Suet. vi, 21 ; Dio liv, 2; Plut. V. xlvii, p. 988, D. R. 193. ' Suppose the alternative lay between the arena and the stage.' L UB. 8. iii, 174; xiv, 257. R. 19G. ' Who would be such a craven as to choose the degradation of act- ing ?' 197. These actors, being men of low birth, were designated by some national name, as Latiniis, C'orint/iii/s, fyr; as slaves were called Geta, .Si/rus, Davii.s, fyc. HNR. i, 3G, note. LUB. 198. Cith'troilo: Suet, vi, 20 fiF; LUB. Tac. An. xiv, 14 f; PRA. and xvi, 4; Xiph. Ner. R. h. vi, 617. MAD. 199. " 1 he wonder is, they turn not fencers too, Spcutors, Retiarians, — an )»!( ii " tlrx Tiu Mefifiiov'' liKiXiurai " Titrt r«» KXai/S/a*-" 'Eni^urai " /Siti tcd " Atr ■ witt^' ' Affiatoi ' T0» Atfuxion" " Ifin^tt " ret no(/TX/»»" K(Xf;^»io»»('«( " 'Aip^i- xatot^ 'PaftaTci Si " trdyraf '■" Ixi, 1 , 17. It is more than proliaiiie, that Juvenal 2 T 322 THE SATIRES SAT, VIII. 200 Dedecus ITrbis luibes : ncc ininnillonis in armis Nee clvpco Graeclmni puf^nantom aut iakc supina, himself was jircsent at these most hii- iniliatinf; scenes. As a spectator, we mav conceive him to have watched the significant looks of tlio strangers, as their lingers moved from (it)jecC to oh- jeet; to liave heard th-'ir whisjjcrs, to have noted their sneers! Can it now he wondered at, that a man of his quick feelings, of his strong sensihility, sliouUl speak with indignation and horror, of actions which wt re sure to spread the disgrace and ridicule of his country, as far as the wanderings of the astonished visitants extended P Or, that he should think them superior in infamy to the most hateful vices ; which, however they might implicate the character of individuals, hrought no great degree of odium on the general reputation of Rome? However this may be, the praise of consistency must, in the pre- sent case at least, be fully allowed him. In this very Satire, when he enumerates the crimes of Nero, he insinuates that it was not so much his multiplied mur- ders, as his public exposure of himself on the stage, (where he repeated his Troics,) that exhausted the patience of mankind, and excited that general in- surrection which swept him from the earth ! GIF. 200 Of the two combatants, who enter the lists, one was called Retiarins., and the other Mirniillo or Secidor : the former was lightly dressed in a tunic, and furnished with a trident, or three- forked spear, and a net, whence his name. Suet, iv, 30. The latter was armed with a helmet, shield, and short scimitar. Tlie)' approached each other, the Secu/or with his weapon raised, and the Retiari us with his protruded trident in his right hand, and his net open, and ready for casting, in his left. His ohject was to throw it over the head of his antagonist, and entangle him in such a manner, as to render him an easy prey. If he failed in his attempt, he had no resource but flight, for which his dress was well adapted ; and during which he endeavoured to collect and prepare his net for a second throw: if the Srrutor overtook him before this was done, his fate was inevitable, un- less he were saved by the interposition !)f the spectators, which sometimes happened. It is not easy, at this dis- tance of time, to say whether one of these characters was looked upon as less respectable than the other, or not; but Juvenal seems to direct some of his indignation at Gracchus, for choosing the jiart of the Retiariiis, instead of that of the Secntor : perhaps it was less dangerous; it was certainly more impudent, for it aftbrded no means of concealing the face; since we know, from Suetonius, that the drivelling Claudius took a cruel pleasure in putting the Retiarii to death upon particular occasions, that he iniKht have the diabolical satisfaction of remarking the successive changes in their expiring countenances! Suet, v, 34. Gracchus, however, seems to have been determined in his choice more by cowardice than impur'ence ; as he did not merely rely iipon being recognised by his features, which, as he was one of the most dis- tinguished families in Kome, could not but be well known ; but was even base enough to enter the lists in the mag- nificent hat and tunic of the Sirdii, or priests of Mars, of whom he was probably the chief. With respect to the Mirmillo, he was so called from fi'i^iiuXtt, aloXm, i;j;;^uf Opp. Hal.i, 100; a representation of which formed the crest of his helmet. Polyamus and Festus derive the origin of the Retiarius from Pittacus, one of the seven sages of Greece who fouirht in this manner with Phryno: t/ju- V'jivof aXiiUT/xJjii uvaXaliaiv VKlvhv ^uvia^afit xai Tu fiit ufipifiXriar^cu "Ti^iilittXt, t») T^icclvf Si xec) Ttu ^ifiiSiM 'ixii^i x.a) aviiXi' xiii. A similar practice is spoken of a-- exisfinc; amnn;:^ the Pers'an forces: "Sayapriiii ^at'^v7ai ffn^^ri ■n-rXiyfj.iyiriai i% ifyiutTuV rct'jTyiffi vitrvvoi i^-^omto.! a VoXi/UOV ■/> Se fili.X,*' TOUTUV Tbn icvo^uvtiot' iTioit ffufi/uitryutri Tolin TroXtfiieifi jiaXXeuri OTtu V at Tu^f). Tiy Ti 'l-JT^DV nv rt ci\6^u- vrou.iv' ieouriv iXxii' oHiin'i^KiffilfiVaXetff- ffofiiiiti haiphipiitTai' Her. vii, 85. GIB. PR A. 20). Two other sorts of gladiators maybe here meant: viz.(l)the Secutor, clifpeo piiynans ; and (2) the Threx^ w'ith his falchion. R. AD. [s. ^'Threex'' Fes. Sen. Q. N. iv, 2. F.] SAT. VIII. OF JUVENAL. 323 (Daninat enim tales liabitus; sed damnat et odit) Nee galea i'aciem abscondit : movet ecce tridentem, Postquain libiata pendentia retia dextra 205 Neqiiidquam effudit, nudum ad spectacula vultum Erigit et tota fugit agnoscendus arena. Credamus lunicae, de faucibus aurea quum se Porrigat et longo jactetur spira galero. Ergo ignomiuiam gravioreni pertulit omni 210 Vulnere cum Graccho jussus puguare secutor. Libera si dentur populo sullragia, quis tam Perditus, ut dubitet Senecam praeferre Neroni; 203. ' His trident :' dente tninax ; Mart. LUB. fuschia ; ii, 143. 205. Spectacula for ' the spectators.' LUB. s. Sil. ii, 230. R. 206. He looks boldly upwards, in confidence of having his life spared, s. \\,UA.PRA. 207. The Retiarii wore only a tunic : ii, 143; Suet, iv, 30. The gold fringe, round the throatof that which Gracchus wore, proclaimed him to be one of the Salii. FE. ii, 125 f. R. 208. These priests also wore a conical cap, which tied under the chin with long gold bands. Li v.i, 20; Dionys. H. ii, 70. His appearing in such a conspicuous dress was a greater proof of effrontery. Ii. 209 ' The gladiator looked upon it as the greatest disgrace to be matched against such a cowardly antagonist.' MAD. >"-en. de Prov. 3. HEI. ' Where- as there would have been some consola- tion in falling by the hand of a brave man.' Sil. ii, 705. K. 211. X, 77 ft; MAD. [Eur. El.;i 212. Svncca; v, 109. PR A. It was reported at Rome, that the con- spirators, after having made useof Piso to destroy Nero, intended to make away with Piso himself, (" For what should wegiiin,"said the chiefof them, Suhrius Flavius, " by cxi-hanging a harper for a tragedian :'" alluding to Piso's having ap])ear« d on the stage,) and raise Seneca td the vacant >*cat. Tac. An. xv, 65. It is to this circiiiMMtance that Juvemil alludes. If the cfmspirators really entertained sucli an idea, they were the wfaki-st of men; ffir Seneca (to say nothing of his age and infirmiliefl) vfwt too unpopular to have held the undis- turbed possession of the empire for a day. With respect to Seneca, it is his fortune to have been " at the fair of good names, and to have bought a reasonable commodity of them ;" for, exclusive of our author, who e'vidently thought highly of him, and appears to have been a very diligent reader of his works, several ancient writers have been lavish in his praise. Yet we shall look in vain into the history of his life for any extraordinary number of virtu- ous or praiseworthy action^. His first exjiloit was corrupting the daughter of Germanicus, for which he was driven into banishment ; and from the obtrusive and never-ending boasts of the mag- nanimity with which he endured it, it may be conjectured that Ovid himself did not bear his exile much more im- patientl}' than this impa.ssible Stoic. He flattered Claudius; and still more grossly his favourite, Polybius, in order to obtain his recall ; and, as soon as he had succeeded, forgot the latter, and betrayed the former. He then joined the virtuous Nero (whom he took care to supply with a mistress) in his perse- cution of A grijipin a, his great patroness; and when her son, not long afterwards, put her to death, he was more than suspected of drawing up the ])alliating account of it. A better moralist than Seneca hath said, " He who maketh haste to be rich, shall not be innocent;" Proverbs XX viii, 20. This was notorious- ly "ur philosiipher'scase. Juvenal gives him the epithet n( jtrcn/ircs; x, 16. IJio attributes the insurrection of the IJritons, in a great measure, to his 324 THE SATIRES SAT. VIII. Cujus sup])licio non debuit una parari Simla uec serpens inius ncc culeiis nnus? 21o Par .\<;anKMnnoiniho ciitncn ; sed cansa lacit rem Dissiniileni. C2iiii)pe ille dels aiictoiibus nltor Patris erat eiesi media inter pocula ; sed nee Eleetric jugulo sc poUuit aut Spartani Sanguine conjngii, nullis aconita propinquis avarice and rapacity; and P. Suilius appears, I'roin Tacitus, to liave attacked him on this liead. with a violence which no common arts of enriching himself could have provoked. " By what sys- tem of ethics has this professor, in less than four years, amas.>-ed three hundred million sesterces? His snares are spread through all the city ; last wills and testaments are his quarry, and the rich, who have no children, are his prey. Italy is overvvhelmeil, the provinces are exhausred ; and he is still unsatis- fied !" Tac. A.xiii,42. His behaviour too, after he perceived the decline of Nero's favour, was pusillanimoos ; and his affected resignation of his unbounded wealth, pitiful in the extreme. He did not, indeed, imitate the elder Brutus, for what Juvenal calls the tine of bearded kings was past; but he feigned himself sick and infirm, and lived on spring water and bread baked under his own eye. In a word, there is little amiable in his life; and in his boasted death, scarcely any thing more than a fond and over-weening anxiety to make an exhibition of it. None of our w riters have entered into the character of Seneca with more discrimination than Massinger, who was very conversant with his works, and who, in the Maid of Honour, describes him in these ad- mirable lines; "Thus" — recapitulating some of bis stoical paradoxes — " Thus Seneca, when he wrote it, thought. — But then Felicity courted him ; his weahh exceeding A private man's ; happy in the embraces Of his chaste wife l^auiina ; his house full Of children, 'lients, servants, flattering friends, Soothing I is lip-positions ; — then, no doubt, He held, and did believe, this. But no sooner The prince's frowns and jealousies bad thrown him Out of secu- rity's lip, .ind a centurion Had offered him uhat choice of death he pleased, Rut tnjd him, die lie must ; when straight the armour Of his so boasted fortitude fell off. Complaining of his frailty." GIF. 218. Parricides, by the Roman law, were first scourged, and then sewn up in a sack of raw bull's hide with an ape, a cock, a serpent, and a dog, and thrown into the river or the sea. s. Cic. for S. Rose. Am. 70 f; PRA. xiii, 155 f; Suet, ii, 33; [CS.) Sen. Ep. 40. (X.) Nero was guilty of the murder of his mother Agrippina, his aunt Domi- tia, his wives Octavia and Poppaea, his brother Britannicus, and many other relations. Suet, vi, 'i'i-3:> ; Tac. Scb. R. 215. There was a well-known verse at Rome in Nero's days : Nl^iu*,'Ofi«'r));, ' AXxfia'iur f/itiT^mcTctei. GKA. s. i, 6, note; PRA. vi, (Jo5, note. Orestes slew his mother ClytEpmnes- tra ; but then she had murdered his father and had usurped the kingdom for her paramour to his own prejudice; whereas, if Agrippina had plunged deeply in crime, it was solely for the purpose of securing the empire to her ungrateful son. Sen. jR. GIF. 216. Orestes acted in obedience to the Pythian oracle. Eur. O. 28; 416; .543 ff; !Tjof 6iaiv u^fitj/iivos' Soph. El. 32 ff; (SH.) yi;sch. Ch. 2i>6 fi'; Diet. Cr. vi, 3. {FD.) R. 217. Horn. Od. A 529 ft'; A 408 flF. MAD. There are variations, however, in the particulars of the transaction. LUB. s. yEsch. Ag. Sen. Ag. 865-895; Tricl. on El. 195 ; Lycoph. 1099 ; 1 lOS ; (MS. ZZ.) Hvg. F. 117; Virg. /E. xi, 267. R. 218. ' He never embrued his hands in the blood of a sister or a wife.' LUB. ex fjuo est habitus male tutee inerUis Orestes, non Pyladen ferro vio- lare ansnsve sororem Etectram ; Hor. S. ii, 3, 137 &c. PRA. 219. Conjugii fnr conjugis. He mar- ried his cousin Hermione, daughter of Menelaus and Helen. Lf^IL SAT. VIII. OF JUVENAL. 3-25 220 Miscuit, in scena iiumquam cantavit Orestes, Troica i:on sciipsit. Quid euim Verginius armis Debuit ulcisci magis aut cuin Vindice Galba .? Quid Nero tarn saeva crudaque tyrannide fecit ? Hsec opera atque hae simt generosi principis artes, 225 Gaudentis Icedo peregrina ad pulpita saltu Prostitui Graiaeque apium meruisse coronas. Majorum effigies habeant insignia vocis : Ante pedes Domiti longuui tu pone Thyestte Syrma vel Antigones sen personam Meualippes Aconita; i, 71, note; LUB. ib. 158. PRA. 220. See 198, note. R. 221. Some suppose Juvenal alludes to Nero's recitation of his Troica while Rome was burning: hoc incendiu/n e turri Mcevenatiana prospectans Icetiis- f/ue flamma, tit aiehat, pulcritudine, uXairit Hit, in illo suu svcnico hahitn decantavit; Suet, vi, 38; LUB. Nt^iwv jj rt TO axpit T6V -raXttriou dttiXh. xai rnv CKiur.i T>)v y.i(apuOix,r:v XaPiijv. -/ktsu aXu^iv, oj; fii* airr; iXtyi*, 'ikiot/. oj; oi ta^ara, 'Pufiiji- Xiph. Ixii, 18. Others imagine that he alludes to the report of this profligate madman having set Rome on fire for the sake of illustrating his subject; a circumstance, which, whe- ther true or false, was generally cre- dited in our author's time, and with which Nero was charged to his face by Subrius Flavius, who suffered with Seneca. Tac. Au. .xv, 67; GIF. and 39; ut spertfirii/i e/'ifs iii.agineni cenie- ret, f/itali olim Troja capta exnrseral; Eutr. vii. PRA. Eniin; Virg. JE. v, 850 ; vi, 62 ; viii, 84; X, 874. (HY.) R. Verginius /^///ws, lieutenant-general of the army in Lower Germany, ('lac. H. i, 8;9; 52; 77; ii, 19; 51; ()8 ; Plin. Ep. ii, I ; vi, 10; ix, 19; Dio Ixiii; Ixviii; Plut. V. xlix, p. 1055;) .Julius Vinilc.r, propra-tor of Gaul, (.Suet, vi, 40 f; Taf. H. i, «; 51 ; iv, 57;) and Ser. (inlhn, prefect of TarracoiienHian Spain, afterwards em- peror, (Suet, vii, 9 ft;) were the three chit-fs of thiH cmspiracy. K. LUn. I' HA 22:{. Cnidii; Sil. i, 405. It. 224. Griierosi; ' Jioblv descended.' Ii. 225. In Naples, Olympia, and other places, FRA. which he visited Ivi T^'^yuioiat UTOx^iirli oi ya^ Hokii avri h 'Viifir,. aX.X' eSs?)C» xa) \x,ijT^a,ri'ia.f 'Ita xai wi^iohonxns, u; 'iXiyi. yitnriir Zon. An. ii ; Xiph. l.xiii, 8-10 ; Suet, vi, 20-24; 42. R. 22(1. The successful competitors at the Isthmian games weie presented with a chaplet of dry parsley: Sch. Piin. xix, 8 ; at the Nemean games it was a green thaplet. GRA. s. Find. 01. siii", 45 ; Plut. Symp. 5. R. [ADD, D. on M. t. i, p. 497.] 227. ' The precious trophies :' sar- castici.lly. LUB. The R.omans used to hang their insignia around the pe- de.?!al of their ancestor*' statues. R. 228. Nero's father was Doiiiitius Ahenobaibiis. LUB. Suet, vi, 1 fl". R. T/ii/esies, Hyg. F. 84; 258; LUB. vii, 7.'i, note; inter cetera cnnfnvil Ca- nucen parturientctn, Orenttni mnlrici' (lain, CEdi/ii/m excfcali/tn, Ilerriilcm insannm ; Suet, vi, 21 ; PRA. and 54 ; Quint. X, ], 98. R. 229. ' The train that swept the stage.' pntln lionesta; Hor. A.P. 278; PRA. and 215; s. xv, 30. R. An/ii/one; Soph, and Eur. ^Esch. Th. 1005 If, Apoll. iii, 3 ; 7 ; Hvg. F. «7; 7-.!; 243, 2:,4. R. LO. ' Mrn(dip/>e\s mask.' Menalippe, though a very wise young lady, verified the adage //(';/;« mortnlium oninilii/s/wria r.apil; [i'i:n.J by anamour withNeptune, she became the mother of twins, which she hid in her father's cow-house. The poor old king, horrilied at discovering this mcn.'itrous production of his herds (»!t he fondly imagined), w;is .Tbout to l.avc the babes burnt ; wlien his wise 3'Jt) THE SATIRES SAT. VIII. '230 El do niarniorco cilluirani suspende colosso. Quid, Calilina, tuis natalibus atque Cethegi Invniiot qnisquani subliinius ? Anna tanicn vos Ni)ftunia I't flaiiunas doiuihus U'ni])]isque pavastis, Ut Bracatonnn puori SenoiuiiiKiue ininoves, '235 Ausi, quod liceat tunica punire molesta. Sed vigilat consul vcxillaque vestra coercet. His novus Arpinas, ignobilis et wiodo Roma) Municipalis eques, galeatum ponit ubique Pra^sidiuni adtonitis et in omni gente laborat. 240 Tantum igitur niuros intra toga contulit illi daughter convinceJ the good man upon philosophical principles, in a long and dull harangue, that the little creatures were the natural produce of the animal, and thus fortunately saved them ! Hyg. F. Isi!; Varr. II. ]\. ii, 5; Dionys. «. T. \ax- Euripides, Ennius, and Accius wrote tragedies on this subject. FAY. LUB. PR J. R. GIF. 230. Citharavi a jndicihus ad se delatant aduravit, ferrique ad Augusti statnamjitssit; Suet, vi, 12. LUB. 231. Catiline; xiv, 41 f ; MAD. ii, 27. His great grandfather and great great grandfather both bore the name of M. Sergiiis Si/o, and were distin- guished men. Plin. vii, 2S ; {HD.) Liv. xxxii, 27 f ; 31 ; xxxiii, 21 ; 24. R. C. Corn. Cet/iegiis; ii, 27; x, 287; Cic. Cat. iii, 2-5 ; Or. p. Red. 4 ; App. B. C. ii, 2-G; V.Pat, ii, 34; Dio xxxvii; Plut. t. i,p. 710; 769; 868 ff; Sail. B. C. R. 234. ' As though you had been the hereditary and inveterate enemies of Rome.' Gnllia Narbonensis was called Dm- caia, from the dress of the inhabitants. Plin. iii, 4. The Senones were a people of Gallia Liigditnensis, who sacked Rome under their chieftain Brennus. Flor. i, J 3 if; Plin. iv, IM; Ca-s. R. G. V. LUB. PR A. el TaXarat ;^;gi^»T«/ ata^u^lm, £; iKiTtti fifid)cei( ireorayo- (luturr I)io(i. V, .°i(). 23.5. This was a dress smeared with pitch and other combustibles (i, 1.5.5, note;) which was used in the punish- mentof incendiaries. Sch. BRO. .Mart. X, 2.5, 5 ; PRA. Prud. x tr. Hymn, iii; Tert. Mart. 5; Suet, iv, 27; ix, 17. R. Liceat: it may be hoped that Juvenal meant this as a tacit tes- timony to the innocence of the Chris- tians, (at that time universally acknow- ledged,) respecting the charge of setting fire to Rome. GIF. 236. The consul was Cicero. LUB. '^ Jam inlelliges, multo me vigil are acriiis ad salutem , (/uam te ad pern idem reipiihlicfe •,^' Cic. Cat. GRA. Cohorts were divided into centuries, each of which had its ' standard.' Veg. ii. PRA. 237. Though Cicero claimed descent from royal blood; T. Q. i, 16; yet he was at Rome ' a new man,' having no images of his ancestry to show. SVL. He was the first curule magistrate of the Tullian clan. Cic. c. Rull. ii, 1 f. R. Arpimim was a little town of the Volsci, PRA. situated in what is now called the Campagna Felice. GIF. ' Whom you scorn as ignoble.' R. 238. The inhabitants of the mnni- cipia had laws of their own, but were eligible to the honours of the empire. Gell. xvi, 13. PRA. In these 'bo- roughs,' as well as in the colonies, there were three grades of citizens, viz. pa- tricians, equestrians, and plebeians. R. ' Helmed;' i, 268. R. 239. ' Every where;' not only in, but out of, Rome ; GRA. FAY.xfWich. the same as ubique gentium. MAD. 240. Toga is opposed to gladio, 243 ; MAD. [x, 8.] SAT. VIII. OF JUVENAL. 3-27 Noininis et tituli, quantum non Leucade, quantum Thessaliae carapis Octavius abstulit udo Caedibus adsiduis gladio. Sed Roma paventem, Rouia patrem patria3 Ciceronem libera dixit. 245 Avpinas alius VoLscorum in monte solebat Posceve mercedes alieno lassus aratro, Nodosam ])ost haec frangebat vertice vitem, Si lentus pigra muniret castva dolabra. Hie tamen et Cimbros et summa pericula rerum 250 Excipit et solus tvepidantem protegit Urbem. Atque ideo, postquam ad Cimbros stragemque volabant, Qui numquam adtigerant majora cadavera, corvi, 241. ' The victory over Antonj' and Cleopatra at Actium.' Leucas was another promontory of that coast. Sch. The peninsula of Leucadia, was made an island hy the isthmus (which divided it from Acarnania) beina; An\i throiifrh. Strab. X, p. 311; Flor.'iv, U; {DU.) Ov. M. XV, 289; Cic. Att. v, 9 ; s. Virg. 2E. iii, 274; viii. 674 if. {HY.) R. 242. Understand non aXter quantum. Mart, xi, 81. UEI. ' The victory over Brutus and Cas- sius at Philippi.' Sch. Flor. iv, 6. LUB. Thessaly is used by the poets with great latitude. Virg. G. i, 489 f. iUY. VO.) R. 244. Cicero was the first who received this title by a decree of the senate (which Camilius had received from his soldiers during his triumph): Cato, as tribune of the people, appears to have proposed it in the popular assembly; and Catulus to have made the motion for confirming it in the senate. I'lin.vii, 30; llut. V. xlii, p. 872; App. B. C. ii, 7; (-Sir.) Cic. Pis. :i; id. P. Sext. U'lS. /'ILL R. [" JJi f/i'vl nomi: herede^ Clin Rouia a Cicfron libera diede;" Ariosto, O. F. xlvi, 9.0, 7 f.] The title was indeed given to Au- gUHtu.s and afterwardu to several of his Mucci ssors : but (Cicero was the first and last, to whom it was given by 'free Rfune;' the only fircumstance, in Juvenal's estimation, tliat made it of any value. Lilmra is used with the same feelings in 211, 'if choice were free.' Tt must have been these flashes of uncontrollable indignation at the fallen state of his country, and not a sarcastic compliment to a favourite dancer, that occasioned his removal from Rone. GIF. 245. Marias, though born of poor parents, was seven times consul, and, besides his victory over tlie Cimbri, he conquered the Teutones in Italy and Jugurtha in Africa. V. Max. i, 2; SVL. Plut. V. xxii ; Liv. Ixviii ; ¥RA. Plin. xxxiii, 11; II. Flor. iii, 3. LUB. 247. He rose from the ranks, and had sometimes had the centurion's switch broken about his head, xiv, 193 ; LUB. Liv. Ivii, epit. Tac. An. i, 23; Plin. xiv, 1; PRA. V, 154, note; MAU. vi, 479. R. The officer should have struck him across the back only; but too scrupulous an adherence to the rules of the service is not to be expected in those who are armed with " a little brief authority:" [Shakspeare, M. for M. ii, 2.] HK. s. Liv. ed. D. t. vii, p. xv. 248. ' The axe,' with whidi they cut their stakes, had the iron, on the op- ])Osite side of the head, pointed, for the purpose of demolishing walls. L. 249. The (.'ivibri extended over the modern Jutland, Sleswick, and Hol- satia. PRA. A. R. 250. \{ .soli/,1 is to be taken literally, it means in his defeat of the Teutones and Ambrones. /{. 252. 'To the slaughtered Cimbri:' it Oia, ouoT». R. 252. Cimbri pro: llnlis iiujcnli s. cl Teutdiiiim re.v captus insignc specta- rtiliim triiiDiplii fiiit: qiiippi; vir pro- 328 THE SATIRES SAT. Vlll. Nobilis ornutur lauro coUega sccuiida. Ploboiiv Docioruin aniiiuu, plcbcia luenmt •255 Nomina: pro totis legionibus hi lainou ot pro Oinnibiis auxiliis al(pic omni piibo Latina Siilliciunt dis inlornis Tcrriuque parenti : Plnris cnim Decii, qiiaiu qua) servautur ab illis. Ancilla natus trabeani et diadcma Quiriui 260 Et fasces meruit reguin ultiinus ille bonoruni. Prodita laxabatit povtavum claustra tyrannis Exsulibus juvenes ipsius consulis et quos ccritalis eximiee super tropcea ipsa cniinehat; Flor. iii, 3; PUA. V. Pat. ii, !2; Oros. v, 15 f. /?. Corvi; s. iv, 111; Ilom. II. A 5; B 393. MAD. 253. ' Q. Lutatius Catulus liis col- league, though noble, ii, 146 ; obtained but secondary glory.' FAY. SVL- A double triumph was decreed to Marius, but to please the soldiery he waved his right to the ' second' in favour of Catu- lus; Cic. T. Q. V, 19; /{. whom, some time afterwards, he barbarously put to death. GIF. 254. The father, son, and grandson all bore the name of P. Dcrius Miis ; and devoted themselves for their country, the first in the war with the Latins, the second in that with the Gauls, the third in that with Pvrrhus. Liv. viii, 9 ff; X, 28 ff ; Cic. T. Q. i, 37; Fin. ii,19; Macr. iii,9; V. Max. V, 6. Sch. fUA. MAD. R. 255. 'The legions' were Roman, ' the auxiliaries' foreign mercenaries, ' the Latin youth' Italian allies, who received rations of corn but no pay. Varr. Fest. L. Ii. 257. The form of this devotion, which is very solemn and awful, is found in Liv viii, 9. Ii. It was anciently sup- posed that if a leader would consent to this sacrifice of himself, the misfortunes which impended over the combatants would all, by that pious and patriotic act, be transferred to the enemy. PRA. ' Mother Karth.' Plin. ii, 63. I'RA. 258. [This line is suspected by DB.] 259. Ocrisia, the mother of Servius Tullius, wa-s born a slave; V. MjJx. LUB. and was brought to Rome with other captives from Corniculum. Pliny tries to make out that she was a prin- cess : i, 39; {regiinn certe genus pt p'p.afes mwret inii/uos! Hor. Od. ii, 4, 15 f; GVF.)Dionys.iv, 1. PRA. MAD. R. [" From lowest place when virtuous thiugs proceed. The place is digriilied by tlie doer's deed. Where great ad- dition swells and virtue none, It is a dropsied honour; good alone Is good, without a name; vileness is so: Tlie property by wh:it it is should go, Not by the title. That is honour's scorn, Which challenges itself as honour's born, And is not like the sire. Honours best thrive. When rather from our acts we tlietn derive Than our fore-goers, the mere word's a slave Debaucht on every tomb, on every grave; A lying trophy, and as oft is dumb. Where dust and damn'd oblivion is the tomb Of honour'd bones indeed:" Shakspeare, All's W\41 that Ends Well, ii, 1.] The regal robe was a white gown with a broad border and stripes of purple. It was afterwards woin by consuls, augurs, and knights; but by the latter only in solemn processions. Plin. viii, 48 s 74 ; ix, .39 s 63 ; V^irg. M. vii, 188 ; 612 ; (Serv. HY.) Dionys. ii, 70; iii, 61; v, 47; vi, 13; Liv. i, 41. AX. PRA. R. ' The diadem' of the ancient kings was not a golden crown, but a white bandeau. Suet, i, 79; V. Flac. vi, 700; {BU.) SN, Num. diss, v, p. 456-472; 622; 679-685. R. 260. He was succeeded by Tarquin the haughty. Sch. 261. ' Wanted to loosen.' LUB. s. Her. i, 123, 10. 262. T. and Ti. Bndus were put to death, by their father's sentence, for this nefarious conspiracy against the new-born liberties of their country. SAT. VIII. OF JUVENAL. M9 Magnum aliquid dubia pro libeitate deccret, Quod mirarutur cum Coclile Mucius, ct quaD 265 Imperii lines Tiberinum virgo nalavit. Occulta ad patres produxit crimina servus Matronis lugendus : at illos verbera justis Afficiunt poenis et legum prima securis. Malo pater tibi sit Thersites, dummodo tu sis 270 .Eacida.^ similis Vulcaniaque arma capessas, Quam te Thersita; similem producat Achilles. Et tamen, ut longe repetas longeque revolvas Nomen, ab infami gentem dcducis asylo. Majorum primus quisquis fuit ille tuorum, Sch. Flor. i, 9; LUB. Liv. ii, 3-5; Plut. Virg. M. vi, 818 ff. PRA. 264. Horatiiis Codes kept the troops of Porseoa at bay, while the bridge was broken down behind him; and as soon as this was completely done, he plunged into the Tiber, and rejoined his comrades. Sch. Flor. i, 10 ; Liv. ii, 9; Aur. Vict. PRA. Mucius Sca-vola having assassinated the paymaster of the Tuscan forces in- stead of Porsena himself, burnt his own hand as a penalty for bis mistake and as a proof of his fortitude. Liv. ii, 12; Aur; Vict. PRA. 265. Clwlia, who had been given as a hostage to the Tuscans, made her escape and swam on horseback across the Tiber, which then divided the Tuscan and Roman territories. Sch. Liv. ii, 13; Aur. Vict. PRA. Sil. x, 498. R. 266. A slave of the Aquilii (who were among the conspirators to restore the Tartjuins) discovered the plot to the consuls. LUB. praimvnn inxlici pecitnia ex .ri^o*ofi»vs f}(^o)ta aA.X* jW xA.»)ja»a- fKi"* "himairur Plut. What Juvenal calls ' wind-falls' (caduca) were those unexpected legacies which were left a person on certain conditions, such as those of being married, having children, &c; fwhich were all settled by the same law,) and on failure of these conditions canie to another party named by the te«itator, on like terms : in default of which the whole lapsed to the prince. The avowed purpose of these and simi- lar clauses, was to promote population, at a time when Italy had been thinned by a long succession of civil wars ; and certainly they were well calculated to answer the end. They were, however, abused, like every other salutary re- gulation ; and the most important of them, the jus trimn liberoruin (or 'the privilege annexed to having three chil- dren') was frequently granted not only to those who had no children, but even to those who were never married ! pnm- (e(jia pare lit urn; Tac. A. iii, 25-28; (L.) ii, 61 ; xv, 19 ; Dio liii, 13 ; Gell. ii, 1.5; Suet, ii, 44; Mart, ii, 91 f; (ie^i>.)vi,38,note. LO. LUB. FAY. PRA. KT. MAD. R. GIF. 95. See viii, 16. PRA. ' Beneath their smooth exterior oft lurks deadly- enmity.' 96. See iii, 49-52; 113. MAD. 97. ' He scruples not to employ the poignard, the cluh, the firebrand, or poison, against the life of the man he hates.' Sch. xiii, 145 f. LUB. 101. "A^itt vayof, where a jury of twelve gods acquitted Mars of the murder of a son of Neptune. Sch. FAY. LUB. Plin vii, 56. The judges did not pronounce their decisions niva voce, but by letters : Pers. iv, 13 ; Macr. vii, 1 ; ii iukt) ku) CKorif iiKa^auiriv, aig fih is rovs XiyatTat, aXX' is rk Xtyo/Atva uxa- P>XiToitr Luc. Herm. 64. FRA. It was a capital crime to divulge their SAT. IX. OF JUVENAL. 339 O Corydon, Corydon, secretum divitis uUum Esse putas? Servi iit laceant, juinenta loquuntur Et cauis et postes et marmora. Claude fenestras, 105 Vela tegant rimas, juuge ostia, tollito lumen E medio ; clamant omnes. Frope nemo recumbat: Quod tamen ad cantum galli facit ille secundi, Proximus ante diem caupo sciet ; audiet et, quae Finxerunt pariter librarius, arcliimagiri, 1 10 Carptores. Quod enim dubitant componcve crimen In dominos, quoties rumoribus ulciscuntur Baltea ? Nee derit, qui te per comjiita quadrat Nolentem et miseram vinosus inebriet aurem. votes. MAD. Arevm judicium; Tac. An. ii, 55; Paus. i, 28; (^SCA.) JE\. V. H. V, 15; (,PZ.) R. Soph. CE. C. 1001. 102. Ah Corydon, Corydon, quce te dementia cepit ! Virg. E. ii, (59 ; L UB. ib. 1 f ; MAD. and 56 ; Petr. fr. ix ; in WF, Poet. L. M. Sarisb. Pol. iii, 12. R. 103. " Curse not the king, no, not in thy thought ; and curse not the rich in thy bedchamber : for a bird of the air shall carry the voice, and thatwhich hath wings shall tell the matter;" Ec- clesiastes x, 20; MAD. s. Prop. i,18, 4; Cat. vi, 7. (.D(E.) R. 104. " The stone shall cry out of the wall, and the beam out of the tim- ber shall answer it ;" Habakkuk ii, 11. PR^. [" Walls have ears." In this and the following line, we have ex- amples of the opposite tigures of poly- syndeton and asyndeton.] "105. Ve/a. s. vi, 228; Mart, i, 35, 3 ff ; xi, 46, 3 ff. R. Junge. s. Hor. Od. i, 25, 1. R. Ostia. n. Cic. N. D. ii, 27. R. 106. ' Yet all would cry aloud.' ' Near' the chamber, R. 107. ' The second cock-crowing' wa,s between midnight and break of day. Compare St Mark xiv, 30; 72; with XV, 1, [HA,i,]4.] Shakspeare sjjcaks of "the first cock;" K. H. iv, pt. 1st, A. ii, sc. 1 ; s. Hor. S. i, 1, 10; MAD. Cic. Div. ii, 26 or 57; Plin. x, HOD, xiv, 13; 21 s 24 PRA. Famrt malum, Sfc ; V iv, 174 ff. n. Maer. S. i,3. M. 108. 'Will know' from tell-tale ser- vants. PRA. The taverns at Rome, like our cofi'ee-houses, were the great marts for news. Being opened at an early hour, they were probably the re- sort of the head servants in great fa- milies, before their lords were stirring. They got together to take a morning whet, and amuse themselves by invent- ing lies against their master. MAD. Arist. 11. 749 ff. 109. Librarius, v'l, 47Q, iwte: PRA. '■ the book-keeper ;" i. e. ' the steward.' MAD. Or ' the secretary.' R. ' The head cooks.' PRA. [' Chefs de cuisine.'] 110. 'The carvers;' v, 121, note; xi, 136. SVL. ' To fabricate a charge;' Cic. Verr. iii, 61. R. 111. Infeltcibus servis tnovere labra nc in hoc quidcm, ut lixjuantur, licet; virgn murmur omne compescitur el ne fortuila tjuidem verberibus excepta sunt ; sic Jit, ut isti de dominis lof/uan- tur, (fuibus coram domino lotjui non licfl; Sen. Ep. 47; R- f^V aXX' Icra- VTiuuti doKu, oTav xxTUfiUffuftai Xa^pa ru Sura-flTji Arist. K. 747. In allusion to this trick of servants, Menandcr cnlls them ' tongue -shielded' yA. Flosculus: ix/ialoi ai^s a^cef Anacr. xxxiv, 4 ; iths rfias cL^n Ku/*ai- tu, Pind. P. iv, 281 ; R. fiUuiiSa. Ti y'iy- tirai ?tP>ri; xaoTcs, oaai t etI yni xioyaTcet iiiXits and athx t^j >i/3xj yiyviTai, a.o- ■XdXia,, irm V ohutr^lt ItriA^ji yri^ai' Alimner. ii, 7 t ; and i, 4 ff ; cotliye, vir- go, rosas ihun flos novus et nova pubes, et memoresto cevum sic properare tuum ! Auson. GIF. Breve et irreparahile tempus om- nibus est vitce; Virg. M. x, 467 f. Sch. - 128. Wisdom ii, 1 -9 ; Hor. Od. i, 1 1 , 7; 38; ii, 7, 6 flF; iii, 29; Plut. M. 1, 3, 1. PR A. MJD. R. Unguenta; vi, 303; xi, 122; Ov. Her. 15, 76; {BU.) Call, in Apoll. 38 fiF. {SN.) R. Puellas; xi, 162. R. [Like "Old Kin^ Cole'' in the song.] 129. !"' Old age creeps on us, ere we think it nigh :' DR Y.] tardaper membra senertus srrpil ; Lucr. i, 415; labitur ocruHc fatlifijue volatilis /»i vita vexatitr ; Cie. Fin. i ; GRA. Socraten, quasi fltioddam (erresfre oracu//f»i, nihil ultra pelenJum a diis immortalibus arbitra- batur, quam ut bona tribiterent, quia ii demum srirent, quid unicuique csset utile, Sfc; V. Max. vii. 2, 1: PRA. lKtit» Du* itttu oiraiv xttKun atTia n ayyinia roif utl^uTsit iTOTi u; ioiKi. XiKviSufji.li r,fi,af aureus, oik rciirri' »ai TpdrrixiTi; , *a.$ royi 'iay^uTOi tv;^o'fil>oi hfii' ai/ToTf vx xdxifTec « T X. Plat. Alc.ii,p. 150: Oaxu fttt ixTTia reji Aiofirihii (pr,ri rtiD ' Afntat "Ofitiots (II. E 127;) aTO ruv optaXfiui iiftXlTv -rh* d^^Xlif, " o'fia' fi/ yiytuerKoi rj/ju* hot kSe ««< athga ' avTU xm ffov 6iiv a-ra Tfi; '4't'X''''^ Vputov Tuy^atii. TO rnmxauT ii^ti v^air(fii^iit 5/ ut fiiXXiis yvuriv^ai tiu'm xaxov rihi Koii ivtXit lb. p. ISO. ]i. " "VS'e, ignorant of ourselves, Beg ofren our own harms, which the wise powers Deny us for our good; so find we profit, T3y losing of our prayers ;" Shaksp. [A. and C. ii, 1, 6-H. GIF. 8. AriHt.Eth.i,3. [Rambler No «C. ■i. Ri;s fnlhint ; iths discerne : pro bonin mala anijdrrtimur ; optarnus con- tra id, quod optavinius \ puynant nostra vota cum votis, ronsilia rum ronsiliis ; Sen. Ep. 54. I<. 5. The ' right' and ' left' were con- sidered ' good' and ' evil' omens respec- tively. Pers. ii, 11 ; iii, 48; v, 114; sinistro pede profedum spes me frus- trnta est; Apul." M. PRA. Hor. Ep. ii,2,37; et nos cttua dexter adi pede sacra sccundo; Virg. /E. viii, 302 ; MAD. evx evvooxtT irai voXXn; T^ofitihiaf yt T^oiroi7a6ai. ofui; /j,n XrifiTai ti( eciirin iti^if/.oo; /MyuXa. xuxa. ooxat dyuda ; 01 01 Sio) Tv-^u] aiftXti' dXXa xot,t iv^aivro at yitioSai i1 TM fji,Y) "Ta^otTarvy^^dvii. Ix'iyot OS iTio-^^otrif itioTi TaXivaihouo'it, dtiu- ^ofiitoi arr' at ri ^^uTot tu^uiTai p. 154; Horn. (.'d. A S-2 if. R. (i. [Adventurei No 102.] 7- As Neptune, by listening to the vows ofTheseus concerning Hi ppolytus. FAY. The same ideas occur in V. Max. vii, 2, I ; PRA. s, 1 II ; Sen. Ep. 60 ; 101 ; 109 ; R. cupiditates sunt insati- abiles, non modo sinyulos homines, sed nniversas familias evertunt; Cic. Fin. i ; GIF. [Of. i, 9.] Ipsis ; [i. e. dominis, s. v, 30 ; &c.] 8. As the to(]a is put for ' peace,' viii, 240 ; Cic. Pis. 30 ; so ihesagum is used for war : thus ad saga ire, and redire ad togas ; Cic. Phil, cedant arma togee ; id. PRA. R. 9. See iii, 74. R. Multis; as to Cicero, Demosthenes, *c ; 1 1 4 ff. F^ y. SAT. X. OF JUVENAL. 345 10 Et sua mortifera est facuudia. Viribus ille Confisus periit admirandisque lacertis. Sed plures nimia congesta peciinia cura Strangulat et cuncta exsuperans patrimoiiia census, Quanto delphinis balasna Biitannica major. 15 Temporibus diris igitur jussuque Neronis Longinum et magnos Seneca; praedivitis hortos Clausit et egregias Lateranorum obsidet aides Tota cohors : rarus venit in ccrnacula miles. Pauca licet portes argenti vascula puri, 20 Nocte iter ingressus gladium contumque timebis Et motK ad lunam trepidabis aruudinis umbram : 1 1 . Uffjue Milo rohur didiicere fissile tentes, nee possis captas imie referi'e manus; Ov. lb. 609 f. PR A. " Ke- member Milo's end, Wedged in the timber which he strove to rend." RSC. Milo was a celebrated athlete of Cro- tona. Sch. Plin. vii, 20; xxxvii, 10; V. Max. ix, 12, end;!); Gell.xv, 16; SVL. Paus. vi, 14 ; Strab. vi, p. 403; JE\. V. H. ii, 24 ; xii, 22 ; Ath. x, 2 ; Philost. V. A. iv, 9; Suid. R. [Her. iii, 137, 64.] 12. See Prop, iii, 7, 1 fiF; Sen. Ep. 88 ; 115 ; de Ira iii, 32 ; T. V. i, 8. R. 13. ' Strangles' i. e. ' causes to be strangled :' ' they are strangled for the sake of their money :' VA Y . or ' chonks,' as it did Midas : M'iitorrtD xaxia.* ^nXu- '?/. Sil. vi, 179; xii, 65; Tac. A. ii, 20, 2; TJv. i, .33, 7 ; xxii, J2, 11; xxiv, 6, 7. R. KD. objertum 2 est Cnssio Longino jurisconsulfo ac luminihiis orbafo, t/ttvd in I'etere gentili stemmate C. Cassii percussoris Ccesaris imagines rctimdsset : et huic a f Usque 7)wriJ/fssis non aniplius n evec- tus opes ad hue auger et, hortonnn quo- que amwnitatcetvUlarum magnificentia principem supergrederetur ; ^-r. Seneca himself says to the emperor tantum honormn atque opum in me cumu/asti, ul nihil felicitati mea desit, nisi mode- ratio ejus:..tu gratiam immcnsam, innioneram pecuniam dedisli; <.^c; Tac. A. xiv. PRA. 17. Seneca ejc Camfxtnia remeans, suhiirhaiio rure siibstiterat : itio jrro- pinqiia respcra tribiotKSVcnit, et viltatn globus militum sepsit ; Tac. A. xiv, 60. PRA. Plaulius Latrranus, who had in- trigued witli the infamous Messalina, was put to death (when consul elect) for conspiring airainst Nero: Tac. A. xi, 30; 36; xiii, 11 ; xv, 19; 60. His mansion was situated on the Ccclian Hill, and its site is occupied by the mo- dern Latcran. R. BRJ. 18. Cwnacula; note on iii, 199; T. vii, 118 ; /{. Apu!. M. ix, end. PRA. 20. ' The bandit's sword and pike.' LUn. Sil.xv, 6K7. R. 21. 'By moon-light.' SVL. simvl iikO THE SATIRES SAT. X. Caiitabit vacuus coram latronc viator. Prima fere vota ct cunctis notissima temjilis Divitia> ; crescant ut opes, ut iuax.inia toto '25 Nostra sit area foro. Scd nulla aconita bibuntiu Fictilibns: tunc ilia lime, quum pocula sumes Gemmata et lato Sctiuum ardcbit in auro. Jamne igitur laudas, quod de sapientibus alter Ridebat, quoties de liniino moverat unum 30 Protuleralque pedem ; flebat contrarius auctor ? ipsa silcnfia tcrrent; Virg. JE. ii, 7.^5. Sell. In Nero's time those who possessed a few valuables would be anxious to move them by nijjlit, in order to escape observation. GIF. ' Shadow.' Ttit auTou axiat (^ofiuslai Plat. Plia;d. LUB. Hor. Od. i, 23, o ff; Stat. Th. vi, 158 tl"; Claud, xx, \b\.{BA^ R. " A reed shaken with the wind;" St Matthew xi, 7. 22. Sic timet insidias, quia scit se ferre viator, cur timeat : tutum carpit inanis {C\c. Att. xiv, 3 ; Plaut. Bae. iii, 4, 10; JR.) iter; Ov. Nux, 43 f; GIF. nullum latro Iraiismittit ; etiam in ohsessa via pauper i pax est ; Sen. [E. 14.1 LUB. Vacu'un; [Kitii . St Mark sii, 3.] 23. See Pers. ii, 44 ff'. R. 24. Opes are more than divitice, im- plying some degree of power. ACH. expetuntur d ivitia e, ut utare ; opes, vt c\ ' fi.lli OOKll roll filV iTITififlirOVTOt OUOiiCS 'H^ciKXiirou oi ritci ri Ait/iox^irou , reu fiiv yiXaffo/xivot/ T>iv a-i/oiitv avruv, i-^oi/niv iitruv, oroi tv- patti^ss iTi^ufiritraiTis >l^fi x^a.) ffXovhd Tu^a.n't'ia. iTifiouXtu- fivTif Tit ^lOV afri^lfti^ay K. T. X. Plat. Ale. ii, p. 15U; i'lin. vii, 40-45; R. Livy xxiv, 21, 3 and 4. 57. Invidia enim summa quaque np- petit ; Tac. assid/ia est emhientia fur- tuncB comes, altissimisqite adlta-ret ; V. Pat. i, [9;] PR A. Hor. S. i, 6, 26; 47. R. Mergit: s. xiii, 8; Lucr. v, 1006; Sil. \\u, 285; Virg. iE. vi, 512. {HY.) R. This wa.s literally the case with Smerdis : Her. iii. 58. ' A bra:rs plate attached to the statues of eminent persons and contain- inpc a pompous enumeration of their titles and honours.' Sch. Similar plates are aflixed to the back of the stalls in St George's Chapel, Windsor, with the titles &e. of the Knights of the Garter. ' Descend from their pedestals:' s. viii, 18, note ; Tac. A. iii ; LUB. Piso- 7iis slatuam deturbant, affligunt, cum- minumit, dissi/iant ; et quod in ipsitm attulerant odium, hi in ejus iuiaginein ac siinulnrnini perfudt'i-uiit; Cic. I'UA. tixevlf xa) itS^i'xtTtf, cvt n -reXit a,H(rrr)i y'lXaiTa •rapi^iivai To7( hufiUms' l.iic. t^'atap. 1 1. R. ' They follow the rope,' which was used to pull them down from their ele- vated position, LU/J. and, aflei wards, to drag them through the streets. PRA. V. riac. i, 122. (US.) R. 59. See vii, 12.5 ff. 60. Cnhallis; iii, IJH. R. 61. Many statues of gold, as well as of bronze, had been erected in honour of .'tlius Scjanus; (who lielii the offices of prefect of the cily, Sch. and captain of the prsetorian bands: Suet, iii, 56; 56; &c; Tac. A. iii;) these were melted down as soon as he was disgraced. LUB. PR A. 62. Cifjus statuis sacra Jariebatit, non aliter quam statuis Tiherii; quem- que Tibcrii collegam appellaba/it, non in consulatn, sed in orbis terrce im- perio; Xiph. Tib. Tac. A. iv, 2, end; LUB. Suet, iii, 48; 65.72. 63. This instance is most happily chosen, since it exhibits at one view, the instability not only of court, but of popular favour. No subject ever ascended to such a height of power ; none ever fell fiora it so rapidly into the abyss of disgrace and ruin. This picture of the unfeeling and barbarous versatility of the mob has seldom been equalled for truth and humour. With respect to Sejanus, it may be said of him, as it was of Lally, by Voltaire; " he was one against whom every man had a right to lift his hand but the executioner." During the full tide of his prosperity, nothing seems to have been too low for his malice. Even the obscure and inotiensive Ph;rilrus, pa- thetically complains of having been un- justly accused by him: (iii, prol.) he survived, however, both the accusation and the accuser, and in his story of I'rinrtps Tibicen, gently retorts upon the fallen fortunes of his adversary. GIF. Thus Ilutilius Gallicus, prefect of the city, is called projcima (Gcrmanico) cervix ponder is iminensi; Stat. S. i, 4, 6. R. 61. Pliny gives a very interesting detail of the impotent vengeance exer- cised on such statues by the rabble: jurnbul illidcrc .solo .sujirrbix.siuios vul- lus, inslnrr ferro, sccvire sccuribiis, ul 350 THE SATIRES SAT. X. 05 " Pone domi lauros, due in Capitolia magnum Crotatunu|ue bovcm : Scianus ducitur unco Spcctiuulas : gaudent omncs. (^UcX^ labva ? (i[uis illi Vidtus ovat? Numquam, si quid milii crcdis, amavi llnnr liominom." " Scd quo cucidit sub ciiminc ? quisuam 70 Oi'lator? (luibus indiciis? quo teste pvobavit?" " Nil horum : verbosa et grandis epislola venit A Capreis." " Bene liabet; nil plus interrogo. Sed quid Turba Remi?" "Soquitur Foitunam, ut semper, et odit j.-< siiigiilos ictus sanguis dolorque se- //ucrtiur: nemo tarn tempcrans gaiaiii, sera-que /(etit/ee, r/iiin instar vllionis viileretur cernvre laceros artus ^truncata iiiewbra, pastremo truces liurrendnsque imagines (ibjcctns edcortasf/ue flaiiDtiis, /tt ex illo tcrrore et minis, in usxm /loininiim ac vtiliiptates ignihKs iinila- rentiir; Plin. Pan. 52 ; (run;);; tiuiis tabulata, undo altior csset Casus et iinpulsie pni^ceps immane riiinae. Quid Crassos, quid I'ouipeios cvcrtit, et ilium, Ad sua qui douiitos deduxit ilagra Quiritcs? 110 Sumuius nempc locus nulla non arte petitus Magnaque uuuiinibus vota exaudita inalignis. Ad gencrum Cereris sine caede et vulnere pauci Dcscendunt reges et sicca inorte lyranni. Eloquium ac famara Demostlienis aut Ciceronis 115 Incipit optare et totis Quinquatribus optat, Quisquis adhuc uno partam colit asse Minervam, ever, GIF. under the ancient name of Poilesfd. MAD. Ulttbris; Hor. E. i, 11, 30. PRA. 106. Jam non ad cutmina i-eritm in- Jiis/os crevisse queror : tolluntur in altttm, lit Inpsu graviore r/tanf ; Claud, iii, 21 fF; PRA. \v Ttrourif Ss i^ai^irhv us at ip' v-^n^oTt^au uXyu- »»Tif»» xuTCfrirtufiiyai' Luc. C^'ont. 14 ; K(r. re/sa- yrnriore casii decidunt turrcs; Hor. Od. ii, 10, 10 f. R. Horace himself was perhaps indebted to IMennnder: sVav S' "S>is -r^os ij-^o; iTHPKora^Tovrav Tot^cTitv vifitiriv tv6vi ^^eir- viffri. GIF. l'()8. See Sen. Ep. 94. M. Licinius C'rassus and his son PuIUks fell, in the Parthian war, sacrifices to their avarice rather than their ambition ; App. R. xiii, 22-65; Plut. V. xxviii. PRA. GIF. R. Cn. Pompeius Magnus and his two sons Ctiaetis and Sex'tiis. PRA. App. B. C. ii, 81-86; 104 ff ; v, 142 ff ; R. [Ov. P. iv, 3, 41.] 109. C. Ji/liits CcBsar, who fell in the senate-house, pierced with three and twenty woiindti. LUB. In the times of the republic, it was unlawful to ' scourge' a Roman citizen. FAY. Acts xxii, 25 fF. 110. [Ipse (C'eesar) in ore semper Gr(RCOs rersiis de Phcenissis hahcbat : " Nam si violandum est Jus, regnandi gratia violandum est : aliis rebus pie- tntem colas:" Cic. Of. iii, 21 ;] SVL. [Suet, i, 30; ilvt^ ya^ aSixtTti XV^< "'""' ^avnoos tr'i^i KciXXiffToti uhixilv' TaXXa S' il, divina Philii)pica, faiutu, Volvcris a prima quic ])ioxima. Sa;vus et ilium Exitus cripuit, quern mirabantur Athena? Torrontom ct pleni moderantem frena theatri. Dis ille adversis genilus fatoquc siuistro, 130 Queui pater ardentis massa) fuligine lippus A carbonc et forci})ibus gladiosque parantc Incude ct luleo Vulcano ad rlietora misit. Juvenal wrote, however, personality and envy had long been extinct ; and he evidently diverts himself with the want of taste, which could permit so many similar sounds to he crowded into the compass of a single line. To confess the truth, there appears, in many parts of Cicero's works, a predilection for trifles of this kind, derived, perhaps, from his long acquaintance with the rhetoricians and grammarians of Greece. Middleton has laboured to establish his poetical character : I'lutarch, he says, reckons Cicero among the most eminent of the Itoman poets ; but Plutarch's judgement, in this matter, is of no great weight. Had he not been the first of orators, no one would have been unjust enough to style him the last of poets. [The verses of Lucretius abound in al- literations.] GIF. ED. [Livy V, 46, h.] 123. ' Had Cicero's oratory been no better than his poetry, he might have set at defiance the swords of Antony.' LUB. c-ontoHsi Catilhiee (/ladio.i, non pertimcscam (tios; Cic. Phil, ii, 46; PRA. s. Tac. A.ii, 34, 6; Hor. Ep. 4, 16. li. 125. Cicero called his fourteen ora- tions against Antony , not A n t on i a n s, but Philippics, after those of De- mosthenes against Philip of Macedon. Bill. PRA. Cic. Att. ii, 1. MAD. 126. Volvcris, in allusion to the rolled volumes of the ancients, xiv, 102. MAD. A prima proxima ' the second.' LUB. 8. alter ah umtecimo anntis; Virg. E. viii, ;i9. 127. Exitus; Lucr. iii, 1099. R. On the approach of tlie Macedonian army under Antipater one of Philip's generals, Demosthenes fled from Athens and sought asylum at a temple of Nep- tune near Calabria in Thrace. Being pursiietl thither, he poisoned himself. Sch. FAY. Vlxit. PRA. 128. Torrentcm; [s. iii, 74, note 2.] Orations were often delivered to the people in the theatres : see Acts xix, ■29-31 ; FAY. Ayatliocles veiuti rei- ptihlicce statum formatttrtts, poptilum ill i heat rum ad concionem vocari Jubet; Just, xxii, [2;] PRA. Tac. H. ii, 80; (L.) C. Nep. XX, 4; (HRL.) E, CI. Cic. fjtii Pandiotiiani inovvhat arte orator cavcam timniK/iosus, sea litscitm raperetitrin Pliilippiim^causavi sen CtcsiphoHtis actitaret, vir semper popii/aritalc crescens el juste rcsidcns in arce fundi; Sidon. xxiii, 136 if. R. 129. Pers. iv, 27; Hor. S. ii, 3, 8; 123; vii, 14. R. 130. The father was a sword-cutler in large business, and kept two and twenty men in constant employ. Sch. FAY. r,t (i\\) Tuv xceXcuv xaJ dyafaii dii^ut/ as icrro^iT Qiovoy.Tos' i'Vtx.aXtl'ro o\ /yiu^ai^oTotis, l^yaffTTi^iov 'i^ut 1/,'iya xai iovXsu; Ti^virui rovre irgar- fovTcts- Plut. V.xli; V. Max. iii, 4,2; PRA. s. xiii, 44 f ; MAD. Sidon. ii, 23; 188. R. Opijices, per quorum manus sterile terrce ycnus et informe pcrpiirgatur, mult a fulifji n e oLlinuntur ; Sen . Ep. 94. n. 131. Versantf/uc tenaci forcipe mas- sam; Virg. IE. viii, 453. PRA. 132. ' Sooty.' LUB. Vulcan was the god of fire and forges. PRA. [Genesis iv, 22.] Rlietora viz. Isa-us. &VL. He could SAT. X. OF JUVENAL. 357 Belloruni exuviae;, tiuncis affixa tropajis Lorica et fracta cle casside buccula pendens 135 Et curtum temone jugum victteque triremis Aplustre et summo tristis caplivus in arcu Humanis majora bonis creduntur: ad ha3c sc Romanus Graiusque ac barbarus endoperator Erexit ; causas discriminis atque laboris 140 Inde liabuit. Tanto major famae sitis est, quam Virlutis. Quis enim virtutem amplectitar ipsaiu, Praemia si lollas ? Patriam tamen obru't olini Gloria paucorum et laudis titulique cupido Haesuri saxis cincrum custodibus ; ad quie not afiford to place him under Isocrates. Plut. PRA. 133. Compare Virgil's description of a trophy, JE. xi, 1 ff; (HY.) so called from r^o-rii ' the enemy's turning to flv.' PRA. Suet, i, 11; E. PC, iii, l'2. R. 134. Lorica (originally made of lor i ' thongs,' LUB.) ' a cuirass;' which is derived from cieir ' leather,' for the same reason. Buccula ' the beaver.' MAD. There was one for the protection of each cheek. LUB. It vras made of metal, flexible, and fastened under the chin : alii de concavo tibi eassidis exituro fiexilium laminarinn vincula iliffibulant; Sidon. Ep. iii, 3, p. 64 ; s. xi, 103 ; Sil. xiv, 158; 1G3; Horn. II. E 743. (HY.) R. Our life-guards have a similar ap- pendage to their helmets. 136. Aplustre ' the flag.' LUB. It was an ornamental part of the galley, Sch. out of which rose a staS' with a streamer on the top. AD. Sil. x, 324 ; R. note on aipxciirror Her. vi, 1 14, [34.] Triumphal arches were at first built of brick, afterwards of hewn stone, and at length of marble. LUB. frustra iyiliir ciimis summo mirmuur in arcu {lundrijuijcx staHtOK/uc diircx in curri- bu.i alti-s, F'thririim, Curios., Iiinc Dru- sos, indr Cntiiitlos, s'/l/ pcdil)us'/ur dii- cum ca pi if OS poplitc Jlrxo ad juipi deprcssos mnnihusnuc in Icrija retort is; Prud. Sym. ii, [4, «1) ff.] GRA. The poet here, by the way, ridicules the absurd ambition of Domitian, y«/ Janos arrusiiur, rum i/uadrif^is rt iiisiifnilnis triuiuphoruui, per rc(jionc.i Urhis tantos ac tot exstruxit, ut cuidam Greece in- scription sit " a^KiTV Suet, xii, 13. R. 138. ' Roman' viz. Marius, Sulla, Pompey, Ca;sar, &c. ' Greek' viz. Pausanias, Lysander, Alexander, oifiKis, Punici. PRA. The interchange of « and u is frecjuent in Latin ; for instance, poena, ircnh, pu- nio : mrrnia, munio; &c. ' The gates of Rome.' LUB. a. Liv. xxvi, 7-11. R. 157. ' Wh.1t an excellent caricature it would make!' BRI. R. 158. ' The GcBtulian beast' is an elephant. LUB. Hannibal lost an eye by the ilamps and fatigue in crossing the marshes, when he was making his way into Etruria over the Appennines. LUB. ipse H'lnnilial, a-'jer oculis, ex verna priiiium inti'iuprrie calori's i:l friijoni variante; rtrpliantn, (/iii units si'prr- fueral, ifitod ullius ah ai/un t'.r.s/nrrf, vectus ; vifjiliis tnndnn i:l nodurno Itu- more, palustrif/'ie rwlo caput (jraiiante, et quia medendi nee locus nee teinpus era/, altero oculo capifur; Liv. xxii, 2; Plut, PRA. Polyb.iii,79; C. Nep. xxii, 4. R. 159. ' He is vanquished' by Scipio in Africa. LUB. Liv. xxx, 29-37. R. 160. Being accased by the Romans at Carthage, he lied first to Antiochus king of Syria. LUB. Liv. xxxiii, 47-49; xxxiv, 60 f; xxxv, 14 j 19; xxxvi, 7 ; 15. R. 161. From Syria he fled to the court (pro'torium, i, 75, note;) of Prusias, for whom he conducted with success the war against Eumenes. LUB. Liv. xxxix, 51. R, 164. [Hor. S. i, 9, 31-34.] 166. When the Romans sent Q. Flaminius to Bithynia, demanding the person of Hannibal, he destroyed him- self by a strong poison, which he had always had in readiness in his ' ring.' Liv. xxxix, 51 ; Plut. Han. 0pp. t. i, p. 380; PRA. Aur. Victor de Vir. 111. 42. ftlii sub (femmis vcncna rludunt, siritt Demustliencs, sunuiius (Irceciee ortiuf(rvf Her. viii, 118, [33.] R. 186. Either this is hyperbolical; or it alludes to the Persians in the king's suite throwing themselves overboard to save his life. Her. viii, IIH f; Ii. sec notes 32 ff. ni e d i ii n i n t r r si/oriiiii r n- i/avera inccssit \ i^ew. di' Ir.i iii, 17, 1 [or 21. A 36-2 THE SATlllES SAT. X. " Da spatiuni vita^, multos da, .Tu])pitcr, annos !" TIoc redo viiltii solum, hoc ct jiallidus o})tas. 1})U Sed (juain contiimis ct (juanlis longa scncctus Plena mails ! Deforineni ct tctium ante omnia vultum Dissimilemque sui, dcformem pro cute pellcm Pendcutcs(iue geuas et tales adspicc rugas, (Juales, uinbriferos ubi pandit Tabraca saltus, 195 In vetula scaipit jam mater simia bucca. 18^. ''Ox^Xn^ov ^^ovm vaXis' u yri^itt lix^tiy ui ovoiy dyaSov, ^uff^ign Se iraXA' £.^«/f To7i Z,oJ(n ko.) Xu7/n^d- trdtTi; ti; ri ii iXhTv ofius tv^ofiiia xct) crov- 'hxZ,iifiif Menand. GIF. (/Kcim bene vivas, /ion quam din, rej'ert ; in hoc autcm bene est srrpius, ne din ; Sen. Ep. 101. LUB. PRA. [Compare Swift, on the Struldbrugs, G. T. pt. iii, c. 10.] 189. ' Both well anil sick,' FAY. ' whether happy or sad,' Sch. ' boldlj' and anxiously:' s. Pers. ii, 8; LUB. vi, 401. R. 190. Ton u^i^yti^uf, oSovrcci r^ui in XeiTovs *;t^oi"ra, l^oytl o^tovra, olxirctis TiT^airiv IriKiKvp'oTa.. Ko^v^ni /^iv rtiv p7ia, Xrifins Ss Tou; opiaXfiOVi /ittrrov oiira, cuiit tri r^u li'Ssra, if/,\pu^o» Tina rdipov, titro Tcuv viav x,a,iayiXuii.no^' Luc. D. Mort. vi, 2; Maxim. El. i, in WF^^s, Poet. L. Min. t. vi ; Plin. vii, 50; Hor. A. P. 169 flf; contrasted with Cic. de Sen. R. In this striking description of old age, Juvenal seems to have thought of a passage in Crates, thus admirably rendered by Cumberland: " Hard choice, for man to die, or else to be That tottering, wretched, wrinkled thing you see. A ge then we all prefer ; for age we pray. And travel on to life's last lingering day ; Then sinking slowly down from worse to worse. Find heaven's extorted boon our greatest curse." But indeed the idea is sulTiciently obvious, and has had good things said on it in every age ; here is one of them : " Some comfort We have in dropping early — we expire. And not without men's pity ; to live still, Have their good wishes ; thus, too, we prevent The loathsome misery of age, beguile The gout and rheum, that in lag hours attend For grey approachers ;" Two Noble Kinsmen. Again; " For as our age encreases, so vexations, Griefs of the mind, pains of the feeble body, Rheums, coughs, catarrhs, — we're hut our living coflins ; Besides, the fair soul's old too ;" Wife for a Month. And Spenser, in a stanza of surpassing beauty, " O why do wretched men so much desire To draw their days unto the utmost date ? And do not rather wish them soon expire ; Knowing the miseries of their estate, And thousand perils which them still awate. Tossing them like a boat amid the mayne: That every hour they knock at Deathe's gate; And he that happiest seems, and least in payne, Yet is as nigh his end, as he that most doth playne." GIF. [" This is old age : but then, thou must outlive Thy youth, thy strength, thy beauty ; which will change To wither'd, weak, and gray ; thy senses then Obtuse all taste of pleasure must forego, To what thou hast ; and for the air of youth, Hopeful and cheerful, in thy blood will reign A melancholy damp of cold and dry, To weigh thy spirits down, and last consume the balm of life:" Milton, P. L. xi, 558- 566.] 192. ' Unlike itself.' Hor. Od. iv, 10,2-8.7?. Ctdis is said of the living, jiellis of the dead. Git A. The former signifies ' the human skin,' the latter ' a beast's hide.' MAD. s. Hom. Od. N 480 fif; Apoll.ii,200; Lucr.vi, 1268 ; {WK.) Hor. Ep. 17, 15 ; 22. ( MI.) R. 194. Tnbraca, now ' Tabarca,'in the vicinity of Tunis. On the African coast, Posidonius saw a vast number of apes, and was much amused with their gam- bols : Strab. xvii; Herod, iv. PRA. 195. Si/Ilia r/uam sinii/is turpissima bestia nobis ; En. in Cic. N. D. i, .35; luonslrosissiinabnslia', Cic.de l)iv. ii, 69; ridifxla liominis imitaiio; Galen. I'RA. Plin. viii, 54 s 80 ; xi, 44 s 100. R. SAT. X. OF JUVENAL. 363 Plnrima sunt juvenura discrimina ; pulcrior ille Hoc, atque ille alio ; raultam hie robustior illo : Una senum facies, cum voce trementia membra Et jam leve caput madidique infaiitia nasi. 200 Frangendus misero gingiva panis inermi : Usque adeo gravis uxori natisque sibiqiie, Ut captatori moveat fastidia Cosso. Non eadom viui atque cibi, torpente palato, Gaudia : nam coitus jam longa oblivio ; vel si 205 Coneris, jacet exigiius cum ramice nervus Et, quamvis tota palpetur nocte, jacebit. Anne aliquid sperare potest ha)c inguinis aegri Canities ? (juid, quod merito suspccta libido est. Quae Venerem adfectat sine viribus ? Adspice partis 210 Nunc damnum altcrius : nam qua3 cantante voluptas, Sit licet cximius citharocdus sitve Seleucus, Et quibus aurata mos est fulgere lacerna ? 198. " The sixth age Shifts into the lean and slipper'd pantahron ; His youthful hose well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank ; and his big manly voice, Turning again toward childish treble, pipes And whistles in his sound ;" Shakpp. As You Like It, ii, 7. 199. ' A nose drivelling as in infancy.' Sell. '^S. vi, 148 ;^ y'tpoiTa ftx xa) (paXa- x^it etra icai Xn/iu>Ta vr^oAri Kctl xo^v- luira- Luc. D. Mort. ix,2. U. " Last scene of all, That ends this strange eventful history. Is second childishness and mere oblivion; Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans every thing ;" Sh. ibid. 200. Teeth are the arms of man. Plin. vii, 10. PRA. ora c.rartunUi\ Sidon.Carm. 13 ; Ep. vii, 14. /f . " And toothless gnms to mump its wretchud fare." G'/F. Tlit- Scholiast makes tjingivn of the masculine gender : a former pupil of mine did the same, joining the words gingiva panis, and translating them "gingerbread." He has, however, since taken a high degn e. 201. "A» vt^iXtilftn fiix^it !» ayyltrit ilii«( tittu t'lf oiu r^'fxnett revro to >.ii fifiwr oi/Tois itrX^ruf r'it i'X»» (l$o*, tit o^v^oXoi- Antliol. GIF. Arist. Kh. ii, 15. 202. Captator; \, 98; MAD. s. note on i, 139. This legacy-hunter seems to have played his cards well, if he is the same as the Cossus mentioned iii, 184. 203. Noil sapit palatum ; Cic. Fin. ii, 8. J?. Barzillai says " I am this day fourscore years old : and can I discern between good and evil P Can thy servant taste what I eat or what I drink •* Can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women ? Wherefore then should thy servant be yet a burden unto my lord the king.^" II Samuel xix, 36. MAD. 204. ' For now the rites of love are long forgotten : should you attemjit their renewal, thi; bodily energies lie totally unnerved, and so will lie tliroiighdut the live-long iii;,'lit, in spite of every efVort to arouse them. What has this grey decrepitude of lust to hope ^ Do we not view with just suspicion the lechery, that has the will without the power to sini" 211. Sflriiciis is supposed (o he an eiiiiiieiit llule-player. I< AY. 212. Tiliiirii Ira.vil ihii/iis prr piif/ii/a 3(54 TIIK SATIRES SAT. X. Quid rcfcrt, niagni sedeat qua iiarlc thcalri, Qui vix cornicines cxaiuliat at(|uc tubarum '215 Concentus ? C'lanioro opus est, ut seutiat auvis, (iueui dicat vcnissc puer, ([uot nunliet horas. Prtvterea luiniuuis gclido jam corpore sanguis Febre calet sola ; circunisilit aginine facto Movborum omne genus: quorum si nomina quairas, 2*20 Promtius cxpodiam, quot amavcvit Hippia mocchos, Quot Themison a;gros auctumno Occident uno, Quot Basilus socios, quot civcumscripserit llirrus Pupillos, ([uot longa vivos cxsurbeat uno Maura die, quot discipulos inclinct Ilamillus ; 225 Percurram citius, quot villas possideat nunc. vestem', Hor. A. P. 215; FAY. uti citharordus cum prodierit opthne ves- tif'is, pal/a inaurnta indutus, cum chlamyde purpurea coloribus variis intexfa, cum corona aurca, magnis ful- gentiius gemmis Uluminata ; Cor. to Her. iv, 47. FE. 214. Hor. A. P. 202 ff; PRA. vi, 250. n. 216. They used to send their servants to the Forum, to see what hour it was bv the sun-dial, boras quinque puer nondnm tiU nuntint et tu jam conviva mifti, Ccecitkine, vc/iis; Mart, viii, 67 ; Plin. vii, 53; PRA. Suet, xii, 16; (E.) Pctr. 26. {BU.) R. 217. Gclidus tardantc scnecta sanguis hebet; "Virg. ili. v, 395 f ; Sch. Mart, iii, 93, 17 ; Sen. Ep. G8. R. 218. See vi, 293, note ; R. iii, 162, note; MAD. [/usirantque c/toreis, Vir. JE. X, 224.] 219. Senectus ipsa est morbus ; Ter. Ph. iv, 1,9; Sch. scnpctus insatiabilis morbus ; Sen. Ep. subcunt morbi tris- tisque sencctns ; Virg. G.iii, 67; SVL. scnectce in pwnam vivacis tot perjcu/o- rum genera, tot morbi, tot euro; ; hebescunt sensus, membra torpent, pramoritur visus, auditus, inccssus, ilentes ctiam an ciborum instrumcnta] Plin. vii, 50. PRA. Quorum si nomina queeras ; a hemi- stich of Ovid's. SiVL. ut (etas mala merx, innia est tcrgo ! nam res plurimas pessumas, rum adrenit, al/'ert ; qu/is si autnmem omneis, nimis longus scrmo sit; Plaut. Men. v, 2, 6 ff; GTF. Ku.) 'jruKia.ia.'r eu^utou ti^aoas aipt6fi.nirua%, r\ rtvi XfAoui 'i^uirac Luc. A in. 2. It. 220. XV, 19 ff; xvi, 32 ff; s. Sil. vii, 362 ff ; Ov. Tr. v, 2, 23-28. R. Hippia ; vi, 82. FE. 221. Themison, of Laodiceain Syria , was an eminent physician of that time ; LUB. Cels. and a pupil of Asclepiades; Plin. xxix, 1 s 5 ; (HD.) Ath. vii, 10. PRA. Tn le Matade Imaginaire of Moliere, licence is given to a new doctor of medicine " occidendi impune per totam terram." [interm. iii, 2.J R. ' Autumn' was the sickly season: LUB. iv,56; MAD. vi, 617. PRA. 222. Basilus, probably the governor of some province. LUB. s. Luc. iv, 415 ft". R. ' Has defrauded.' LUB. xiv, 237; XV, 136. R. Hirrus, a dishonest guardian and trustee. LUB. 223. The guardian was called tutor, the ward pupi//us. MAD. ' How many admirers tlie tall and lank (ACH. efflanqufe, Fr. DX.) Maura receives in the twenty-four hours.' vi, 307 if. LUB. 224. ' May corrupt.' MAG. Hamillus was a schoolmaster of noto- rious] v bad character. MAD. Mart, vii, 61. it;. 225. Percurram ; s. xiv, 27. R. SAT. X. OF JUVENAL. 365 Quo tondente gravis juveni mibi barba sonabat. Ille humero, hie lumbis, hie coxa debilis, ambos Perdidit ille oculos et luseis invidet : hujus Pallida labra eibum accipiunt digitis alienis ; 230 Ipse ad conspectum coeuae diducere rietum Suetus, hiat tantum, ceu puUus hirundinis, ad quern Ore volat pleno mater jejuna. Sed orani Membrorum damuo major dementia, qua3 nee Nomina servorum nee vultum agnoscit amici, 235 Cum quo pra3terita eccnavit noete; nee illos, Quos genuit, quos eduxit. Nam codice sa)vo Heredcs vetat esse suos ; bona tota feruntur Ad Phialen : tanlum artificis valet halitus oris, Quod stelerat multis in earcere fornicis annis. 240 Ut vigeant sensus animi, ducenda taraen sunt Funera natorum, rogus adspiciendus amata? Conjugis et fratris plenseque sororibus urna). Hffic data poena diu viventibus, ut, renovata 226. See i, 24 f. L UB. The fate of Cinnamus afford-! a striking illustration of the great truths contained in this satire. Soon after it was written, he was prosecuted for some offence not now known ; and, to avoid condemna- tion, left all his wealth behind him, and fled into Sicily. Martial (who is frequently the best commentator on Juvenal) honours him with an epigram ; in which, after bitterly condoling with him on his helpless old age, and reckon- ing up a variety of employments for which he is not lit, he points out to him the necessity of turning barber again : 7ion rhetor, nun yrammatkus, ludivc magis/er, non C'l/nivus, non tu Stoicns esse pdlfn : venilerc ucc vocem Siculis plausinwiiie tlientrin, 'jiiod siiperest, iterum, Chinnme, toiisor cris\ vii, G4. To this man and his fortunes m'ght justly be a[i|ili<- THE SATIRES SAT. X. SenijU'r cLide domiis, multis in Inclibus inquc Q45 Pcrpctno mtrrore ct nigra vestc senesciint. Rex Pylius, luagno si quidquam credis Homcro, Exoni])luin vitiv; fait a cornice secundie. " Felix niniiruni, (jui tot per siccula mortem Distulit atque suos jam dcxtra com])utat annos 250 Qniqnc novum toties mustum bibit." Ore, parun)pcr Adtendas, quantum de Icgibus ipse queratur Falorum et nimio de stamine, quum videt acris Antilocbi barbam ardentem, quum qua;rit ab omni, Quisquis adest socius, cur hac in tempera duret, 255 Quod facinus dignum tam longo admiserit -xvo ? Hffic cadem Peleus, raptum quum lugct Achillem, Atque alius, cui fas Itliacum lugere natantem. Incolumi Troja Priamus venisset ad umbras of life is always a tragedy, at best ; hut it is a bitter aggravation, to have one's best friend go before one." [Letter to Dr Sheridan, Sept. 2, 1727-] GIF. 245. Note on iii, 212. MAD. 246. Nestor, the son of Neleus, and ' king of Pylos' in Messenia. rg); ya^ in ftiv (fttriM afoil,atrfiai yivl' aio^un' Hoin. 0<1. r-24:>; LUn. ]1. A 2.50 If; Prop. ii, 13, 43-50; Hor. Od. iv, 9, 13; li. Ov. Pont, i, 4, 10. PRA. 247. ' The crow' is fabled by Hesiod to live for nine generations of men. Plin.vii,48;(ir/;.)Marc.vii,5; PRA. Hor. Od. iv, 13, 25; (ML) R. Lucr. V, 1083; Mart, x, G7. Hierocles tells an anecdote of a wiseacre, who, being incredulous upon this point, took to keeping one of these birds, in order to satisfy his mind as to the fact. s. xiv, 251, note. 249. The ancients reckoned with their fingers : they counted on the left hand as far as a hundred, then on the right hand up to two hundred, after whicli they returned to the left hand for the next hundred, and so on. Tertull. GRA. SD. utaTiwrx^iir' IjVCOjili. ^ woX/j) xfo- Tciifcia'i KcTUTTa^is, fi voXv/iuSoi y^uTa, oi' 5? NiiTTiij ovK in Wf jy/3i/TaTof ri iccrc ad long;e jussit s])alia ultima vit:i3, Exsiliuni ct career jMintiirnaruuKiuc paludcs Et meudicatus vieta Cartbagiuc paiiis Hinc causas habuerc. Quid illo civc tulissct Natura in terris, quid Roma, beatius umquam, of the bitter invectives with which she assailed them. Sch. " Men. Hark ye, mv mistress! do you know why Greece Feipn'd Hecuba was turned into a bitch? "WoM. Not I indeed. Men. I'll tell you then: because She rail'd and raved at every one she met, as you do now; and therefore was she call'd And rightly call'd, a bitch!" GIF. Plaut. Men. v, 1 ; Cic. T. Q. iii, 26. PR A. 273. ' aiithridates' (note on vi, G61 ;) lived sixty-nine years, and reigned fifty- seven, during forty of which he carried on a war with the Romans. Sch. Flor. iii, 5. SVL. He fell at last by the hand of Bituitus [a Gaul, at his own request.] App. E. xi, 111 f; Plin. xxv, 2 s3. R. 274. The history of Croesus (whose wealth is still proverbial, MAD.)'Mi given at length in Her. i, 2G-',)4 ; SYL. s. also Jnst. and Plut PRA. Other familiar instances may be found in Po- /i/cnifes, Her. iii, 125; Nicias, Thuc. vii, 86; and even in Cipns himself; Her. i,214; tov Vi roiavrai; ^^tiad/nivov rixC'ii »a) TiXiUTr,iratira a^kiu; cuius tu- ixifiof'i(rtr Arist. Eth.i, 9. [Ov. P. iv, 3, 35 ff.] Solon, one of the seven Greek sages, legislated for Athens in the 33rd year of the elder Tarquin's reign. Gell.xvii, 21. PRA. 275. Her. i, 32 ; ovYfru oTSa, K^oTrt, (ffi ivia/fieta. iitai,) r,v fih •jr^Of ro rO.ot afixyi rtu (iloV o yap 6a,\)ctT0( uK^t£>ris i>.tyy^cs run roiaura* xa) ro cc^qi v^es ro •rio/ia iViaifinus oiajiiutai' Luc. 'Etitk. 10. The same sentiment has been re- peatedly expressed ; e. g. Eur. Tr. 509 f; Iph. A. ICl ; R. Ov. M. iii, 135 fif; LUIi. Soph. (E. R. end; GIF. id. Ant. 115«ft"; Tr. 1 ff; Eur. And. 100 ff; Her. HG5 f ; ^scli. Ag. 937 f ; *jo Ttyturrtf firi (iaKa^iT^t firiiiia' LXX to^. Smj. xi, 28; s. Revelation xiv, 13; Arist. Eth. i, 10. " Our life cannot be pronoimced happy, till the last scene is closed vvitli ease and resignation : the mind still continuing to preserve its usual dignity, and falling into the arms of death, as a wearied traveller sinks into rest;" [John] Earl of Orrery, [xv, p. 183.] 27G. ' Marius' (viii,245ff;) was seven times consul. Flor. iii, 21; LUD. Aur. Vitt.Liv. lxxvii,ep. Plut. V. xxii ; and xxiv; PRA. App.B.C.i,Gl f; Y.Pat, ii, 19. R. Though the mutability of fortune in his case was singular, yet his end was fortunate, ille fuit vitee Mario modus, omnia passo, //i/ce pcjor fortiinn po/rsf, a(f/iic omnibus i/so, (fiicB melior, merisoque, homini qidil fata pa- rarenf ; Luc. GIF. [Ov. P. iv, 3, 45 ff.] When driven from Rome by Sulla, he was forced to hide in the marshes from the cavalry sent in pursuit of him. He was afterwards betrayed to his ene- mies and kept in custody; but as no one dared to kill him, he was sent off to Africa, where he is said to have begged his bread amid the ruins of Carthage. Sch. FRA. R. [There is a fine painting of this incident by Sal- vator Rosa.] Minturnee was a town of the A urunci, on the confines of Latium and Cam- pania, near the mouth of the Liris. LUB. It is now in ruins, PRA. on the right hanil of the ferry of the Ga- rigliano, as you go from Rome to Naples. GIF. 278. Hinc ' from a lengthened life.' LUB. He was sixty-eight when he died. MAD. ' Than C. Marius.' LUB. 279. [" Qiiand on voit cette reine ]>rrsHmee {la princesse Charlotte d'An- yteterri;') revcr si jcune et si hcureuse ilans Irs hocnges fPEsher, on peuf croire SAT. X. OF JUVENAL. SOU 280 Si circnmtlucto captivorum agmine et omni Bellorum ponipa animam cxlialasset opimani, Quum de Teutonico vellet descendere curru ? Provida Pompeio dederat Campania febres Optandas : sed multEe uvbes et publica vota 285 Vicerunt. Igitur Fortuna ipsius et Urbis Servatum victo caput abstulit. Hoc cruciatu Lentulus, hac poena caruit ceciditque Cethegus Integer et jacuit Catilina cadavere toto. qu'elle exit descendu dans la (ombeavec rnoins de peine dn haut dii trone'd' Eli- sabeth que dii haut des terrasses de Claremont. J'avais vu cette princesse en/ant dans lis bras de sa mere ; je we I'ai point retrauvee en 1822, d Windsor, aupres de son pere. Ces vols que la mort commet sans cesse au milieu de nous, nous surprennent fotijours : mats qui sail si ce iVest pas par un effet de sa misericorde, que la Providence a re- tire sitdt du monde la fille de Georges iv ? Que de bonheur, en apparence, attendait Marie- Antoinette, quand elle vint poser d Versailles, sur sa belle tete, la plus belle couronne du monde '. Abreuvee d'outrages quelques annees plus tard, elle 7ie trouvaif pas nne voix en France, qui dit : Paix a ses dou- Icurs ! L'auguste victime ti' ctait chantSe qu'en terre etrangere par des fugitifs ou par des etrangers : fabbc Delille de- mandait des expiations a sa lyre Jldile ; Alfieri composait V admirable sonnet: Regina sempre ! Knox pleurait la cap- tivite de la reine veuve et martyre : If thy breast soft pity knows, &c." M. de Chateaubriand sur la Litterature Anglaise, t. ii, p. 278.] 280. ' After his triumph over the Cimbri and Teutones;' hence the chariot is called 'Teutonic;' 282. LUB. [a. I Samuel xv, 12 ; Cic. Or. iii, 2, 8 ; C, O. 96.] 281. ' Satiated with spoils;' an allu- sion to spolia opima. HK T. 28.3. '' Campania, prescient of her Pomney's fate, .Sent a kind fever." Gil' . Pompciut niislnr familiar is, ruin graviter (rprotant Nenjioli, iilrum si turn esset cjctinclus, a bonis rebus, an a malis discessissci .■' ccrte a miseriis. 7ion enim rum sorero bellum gessissct, non imparatus arma sumsisset, non do- mum reliquisset,non ex Italia fvgissct. non exercitu amisso nudus in servorum manus ac ferrum incidisset; non liber i deflcti; non fortuufe omnes a victoribus possiderenlur. qui, si mortem turn obiis- set, in amplissimis fortunis occidisset. is propagationeviteEquot,quantas,quam incredibiles hausit calamitates ! htec morte effugiuntur; Cic. T. Q. i, 35. It would have been the happiest thing for him, had that fever proved fatal. LUB. 284. ' The united prayers and vows of so many cities and people, ffir his re- covery, prevailed against the effects of his sickness and saved his life.' LUB. MAD. Plut. V. xxxii. PRA. 285. ' The malignant fortune of Pora- pey and of Rome.' Flor. iv, 9. SVL. 286. ' Preserved' by the public vows, only to be ' reserved' for ignominious mutilation. LUB. Cn. Pompci us, who had been thrice consul, and, by three triumphs gained from three separate quarters of the globe, had acquired the surname of Magnus, after being ' con- quered' by CiEsar at Pharsalia, fled for protection to Ptolemy king of Egypt. On reaching that country, he was mur- dered (in his 58th year) by Achillas one of the king's ofl'icers and L. Sep- timius a niilitaiy trihuiio. TlefiTv'tov Tttf xi^aXnt iToTifiotTif 01 irti) Tlof iitbn tipi- Xavfan Kasfa^i ut It) fiiyifrai( afiti- liaTc App.n.C.ii,8(>pr; 70 If; 90; Plin. V, 12; vii, 2G ; Flor. iv, 11; Dio xli, 1 ; s. f>en. Cons, to Marc. 20; V. Pat. ii, 48 ff. R. 287. P. Corn. Lentulus Sura, a man of consular rank, and Cethegus (viii, 231 ;) were strangled iniirison; t'atiline ' fell' iu battle: though tiiese were foul conspirators against their country's liberties. Sch. App. B. C. ii, G f ; Sail, n. C. PRA. Flor. iv, 1. R. 2^8. 'I'lie ancients believed tli;it their 3 IJ 370 THE SATIRES SAT. X. Fonuam optat moclico pueris, niajore piiellis 290 Munnuro, quiim "N'encris fanuin videt anxia mater, Usque ad delicias votoruin. " Cur tamen" inquit " Covripias ? Fulcra gaudct Latoiia Diana." Sed vetat optari I'aciem liucrctia, qualem Ipsa habuit : cupcret llutikc Virginia gibbum 295 Accipere atque suaui Rutilae dare. Filius autem Corporis egregii mlseros trepidosque parentes Semper habct. Rara est adeo concordia formoe Atque pudicitia) ! Sanctos licet horrida mores Tradiderit domus ac veteres imitata Sabinos, 300 Prajterea castum ingenium vultumque modesto Sanguine ferventem tribuat Natui*a benigna Larga manu; (quid enim puero conferre potest plus Custodc et cura Natura potentior omni ?) Non licet esse viris : nam prodiga corruptoris 305 tmprobitas ipsos audet tentare parentes. wounds and mutilations followed them to the next world, and therefore they felt inexpressible horror at the idea of being dismembered in this. s. Suet, vi, 49; GIF. Virg. iE. Ti, 494 ff; St Matthew xviii, 8 f ; [Soph. CE. R. 1393. " ie chef de Danton demeura aux mains de I'executeur, tand'ts que I'ombre acephale alia se mcler aux ombres decapitees de ses victimes : c'elait encore de I'egalUe;" M. de Cha- teaubriand, Litt. Ang. t. ii, p. 1.53.] 289. See Pers. ii, 6 S; PRA. vi, 539. R. 290. Venus was the goddess of beauty, and, according to the judgement of Paris, the most beautiful of the goddesses. LUB. She had a temple in which she was worshipped by the style of 'A^g«- "iirn "Vliugii because all prayers were to be offered in whispers. Sen. Ep. 10; Eust. on Horn. Od. T p. 1881, A. R. [Her. vi, 61.] 291. (1) ' So as to revel in the dainty luxury of her vows.' PRA, or (2) ' So as to pour forth vows full of tender sweetness to propitiate the favour of the fair deity.' R. LUB. Inr/uii: Hor. S. i, 4, 78; (BY.) Liv. xxxiv, 3; 6; {D. G.) vi, 40, 3. R. 292. ' Yet why chide the mother's fond anxiety?' LUB. vlytiSt Vt Tt (p^iva h.f,ru z. r. X. Horn. Od. Z 106; Virg. i,498 ff. PRA. 293. Lucretia, the wife of Collatinus, was forced by Sextus Tarquinius, and (destroyed herself in consequence. Sch. This led to the overthrow of the regal government. MAD. V. Max. vi, 1 ; SVL. Liv. i, 58 ; Dionys. H. iv. PRA. 294. Li via the wife of Rutilius was an old woman, upwards of 97 years of age. Plin. vii, 48. SVL. Virginia was slain by her own father, to preserve her chastity from the lust of Appius, which had been excited by her beauty. This catastrophe occa- sioned the abolition of the decemviral power. Sch. Flor. i, 15; SVL. Liv. iii, 44[-48.] PRA. 295. Suam understand facie7nef Jor- mam. PRA. \pucllaB infelicemfonnam^ Livy iii, 48.] 297. Lis est cum forma magna pudi- citice; Ov. Her. 16, 288; [17, 41;] PRA. id. Am. iii, 4, 41 f; Petr. 94; Mart, viii, 53. R. 298. See vi, 287 ff. PRA. 299. See iii, 169; vi, 163 ff. PRA. 301. Properly speaking benigna ap- plies to naturuj and larga to manu. PRA. 303. See Sen. Ep. xi; de I. ii, 2; Hor. Ep. i, 10, 24. R. SAT. X. OF JUVENAL. 371 Tanta in muneribus liducia ! Nullus ephebum Deformera saeva castravit in arce tyrannus; Nee pra^textatum rapuit Nero loripedem vel Strumosuin atque utero pariter gibboque tumenlem. 310 I nunc et juvenis specie laetare tui ! Quera Majora exspectant discrimina ? Fiet adulter Publicus et poenas metuet, qnascumque mariti Exigere irati ; nee erit felicior astro Martis, ut in laqueos numquam incidat. Exigit autem 315 Interdum ille dolor plus, quam lex ulla dolori Concessit. Nccat hie ferro, secat ille cruentis Verberibus, quosdam machos et mugilis intrat. Sed tuns Endyniion dilecta; fiet adulter Matrons : mox quuui dederit Servilia numos, 320 Fiet ct illius, quam non amat : exuet omnem Corporis ornatum. Quid enim ulla negaverit udis Inguinibus, sive est haec Oppia sive Catulla ? 306. Mtinera, crede mihi, capiunt hojninesque deoxr/ne; Ov. A. A. iii, 653. LUB. 307. The Tarpcian' citadel' or Capi- tol may be here meant, s. Suet, vi, 28. LUB. 308. Pers. v, 30. (KG.) R. 309. ' One with a scrofulous wen.' GRA. Cels. V, 28 s 7- H- ' Pot-bellied and bump-backed.' MAD. 312. Pnldinis; Hor. Od. ii, 8, 8. R. The punishment of adultery appears rather to have been left to the discretion of the injured party than accurately de- fined by law. The woman was treated with less severity than her paramour. 8. Hor. S. i, 2; Varr.de Pace; Cat. XV ; (VO.) Plaut. Pu>n. Tac. An. iv, 42. (L.) UEl. R. 313. ' The star of Mars,' for Mar<< himself. His was an unlucky planet ; aVL. vi, f)53, note. R. 314. Mnrs was caught by Vulcan, in a net, while engaged in an intrigue with Venus. Hvg. F. 148; Ov. M. iv, 171 ff; .sr/:. 'id. A. A. ii, oOl iT; Horn. Od. im If. /{. 315. ' The husband's grief.' RRA. 8. V. Max. vi, 1, 13. (lll'\ 316. Hor. S. i, 2, 37-4G ; MAD. Ep. iv, 11. (MI.) R. 317. Cat. XV, 19; {D(E.) PEA. jxt- (paw'r Suid. {KU.) Arist. PI. 1068 ; N. 1079; Ath. i, 5; (CS.) vii, 77. (S H'.) R. 318. Endymion was a beautiful shep- herd beloved by the Moon. Sch. Hyg. F. 275. SVL. The fable is explained bv Pliny, ii, 9; PRA. Apoll. i, 7, 5; CHY.) Ov. Tr. ii, 299. {HRL.) R. " MoTHEn: But my Endymion will more lucky prove, And serve a beau- teous mistress, all for love! J U VENAL : No; he will soon to ugliness be sold. And serve a toothless grandam, all for gold!" GIF. 319. Srrvi/ia, Gate's sister and the mother of Ilrutus, intrigued with Ciesar. LUB. Her sister the wife of LucuUus was equally depraved. Suet, i, 50; R. Plut. V. xxvi, p. 517; xxvi, \t. 759 ff; xlvii, p. 984. PRA. ' Servilia, were she still living.' 320. ' He will strip her by degrees of all her trinkets and jewels.' R. 321. ' To the gratification of her passions.' /{. 322. ' Whether gentle or simple,' I'RA. ' rich or poor,' MAI>. ' ugly or liretty,' R. ' prude or coriuctte.' ACII. 37-2 THE SATIKES SAT. X. Dotciior totos hubct illic Icinina mores. " Sod casto quid forma nocet?" (iuid profuit immo 3'25 ]li]ii)olvto grave propositum ? quid ]3ellcrophonti ? Erubuit ueuipe ha!C, ecu fastidita, repulsa: Nee SthenebcDa minus, quam Cressa, excanduit, el se Concussere ambic. Mulier saevissima tunc est, (iuum stinudos odio pudor admovet. Elige, quiduara 330 Huadendum esse putes, cui nubcre Ca3saris uxor Deslinat ? Optimus liic et formosissimus idem Gentis patriciic rapitur miser exstinguendus Messalina3 oculis : dudum sedct ilia parato Flameolo Tyriusque palam genialis in hortis 323. ' A vulgar woman has lout that one thing in her view, and shapes all her morals and manners accordingly.' s. h)(c hominis totce vireis corpusque flnebat; Lucr. vi, 1203. MNS. 324. " Moth. But if my hoy with virtue be endued, What harm will beauty do him? Juv. Nay, what goodP" GIF. 325. Hippolytiis was deaf to the in- cestuous solicitations of his step-mother Phaedra. Incensed at his coldness, she falsely accused him to his father The- seus; in consequence of whose curse, he was thrown from his chariot and killed. Sen. Hip. PRA. MAD. Hyg. F. 47 ; 49; SVL. Ov. Her. 4 ; M. xv, 491 ff; Eur. Hip. Ath. xiii, 8. R. Belleroplwn, the son of Glaueus, re- jected the criminal advances of Sthe- neboea tlie wife of his host Prcetus, king of Argos. The slighted queen complained to her husband a? though his guest had infringed the rites of hos- pitality. The young prince had in consequence many hair-breadth escapes of his life. Hon Od. iii, 7, 13 ff; {MI.) PRA. Hyg. F. 57; SVL. Horn. II. Z 152 tf; Apoll. ii, 3, 1. (IIY.) R. These stories would seem founded on the scripture account of Joseph and Potiphar's wife; GIF. Genesis xxxix, 7 ff; M.AD. which has been adopted, as a very favourite subject, by oriental romance, 32(>. II]», ixiitois ii IUku, xoi»v u'Ttg a.'rdtruf auTuv %vx*i* vtiriraffdii' Xlyii Vi "xuf uii' " Ziw (iaffi- Xtu, Ta fih iafXa." (ftiji " xai tvx'/^i'Oif x,ai uytuKToif ii/At^i Vi'bou, Ta St Sima xal tv;t^o/jt,i>oi( a'TaXtlii* xiXivii' I'lut. .Ale. ii, '.t, p. 1.04; TCVTov fit» ToifVf xai Aaxt- ioLifioiiti TO* roitiTriy i^vXuiKOTtf, ht« kcci auTo) ouTuf iriaKi/i/iifoi, xai I liin 371 Tin: SATIRES SAT. X. C(iiivein;it nobis rebus(iue sit utile iiostris. Nam })ro jucundis ajitissima (ni;r(|uc dabiint di. 350 Carior est illis homo, quam sibi. Nos aniinorum linpulsu et c'joca magnaque cupidinc ducti Conjugium pctimus ])artumque uxoris : at illis Notiim qui pueii qualisque lutura sit uxor. Ut tamcu ct poscas aliquid vovcasquc sacellis 355 Exta et candiduli divina tomacula porci ; Orandum est, ut sit mens sana in corpore sano : Fortem poscc animum, mortis terrovc caventem, (Jui spatium vit;c extremum inter munera ponat Naturaj, qui ferre queat quoscumque labores, 360 Nesciat irasci, cupiat nihil, et potiores Herculis aeruranas credat sa3Vosque labores drifieffia tKacren ^ a^a.'rXrKTia.v iv^riv iu ^ovrai. TCI xaXa ItJ toT; ayaSoli tov; hou; SiScva/ xiXiuovrts aS ffip'iiriv aiiToTg' tXiTov S' ouSiTi at) iKiivuv lu^afiitav axou- ain- ib. [lb,] p. 172 ; Piiul. P. iii, lOG ff. R. 348. Compare the prayer of St Chrysostom. 349. Compare i St Peter v, 7. MAD. 352. 'Ei^wiis Ss xai -ri^i tikvuv loti aVTtv T^oTtf lu^eefiivou; rival >jS» ytu^^ai, xa) yivofiivain ti; ^vf/.(pi>pai tj xa) Xvcrai ras fjt.lynrrai xaraffravraf o'l fMv ya.^, fi0X,^tt^ut S/a tiXou; ovrojv tZv rixv/nv, eXoy TOt /Siov XvTovf^ivoi ir/iyayov rovs o£, Vtf>ii7T&/v /utv ysvofiivav, ffuuif'opaus Oi Xi''^' traiiivuv aiTTi ffrtp'/iPrivxi, xai tovtov; ouoa III iXarrov; ourruxiai KaViffrnKorai n n^ IXlDldUl Xtl (iouXof;t,iVOVl S.V dy'lVYITa fJiOLX- Xoi Ciiai n yiviffSar Plat. Ale. ii, [8,] p. \o2;LUB. s. Arist. Eth. i,8 end; Eur. Ale. 244-249. 355. Candiduli. According to Varro, R. R. ii, 4, 9 ; ' a wliite pig' was sacri- ficed on the occasion of a marriage: FAY. and, by the Greeks, to Venus; Ath. iii, 49. R. Pigs were also sacri- ficed to Lucina; Hor. Od. iii, 22; MAD. to Silvanus; vi, 447; and to Jupiter; Xen. An. vii, 8, 3 ; Livy i, 24 ; [s. ii, 86 ; xiii, 117; to the Eleu- Kinian Ceres; Var. R. ii, 4; Tib. i, ] 1 , 20 ; (T. M.) to tlie I,ares ; Hor. S. ii, 3, 1«4; to Venus; Call. DN.^ Div'xna ' consecrated to the gods.' FAY. Tomandn (from to/aos or rifiti) ' the liver, and other parts cut out of the pig, minced up with tlie fat.' FAY. toitia- cina penia;; Varr. R. R. ii, 4, 10; Mart, i, 42, 9; Petr. 31 ; 49. R. 356. See Sen. Ep. 10; FAY. Hor. Od. i, 31,17 ff; Pers. ii, 8; Mart, x, 47. R. 357. The Stoical doctrine was that unavoidable evils were not to be feared. s. Virg. G. ii, 490 ff; {HY.) Plat. Pliaid. Plin. xxviii, 1 s 2, end; Sen. C. ad Marc. 20; Sil. ii, 223 ff; 576; iii, 134 ff; xiii, 883 ff; B. PRA. " Wliat cannot be cured Must be endured." 358. Jon^^if^av ririXtxa' II Timothy iv, 7. MAI), metr-c ft-vi; Sil. x, 209 ; l^afiiTv vtot) araSf/.o't' Pind. N. vi, 13; Virg. yE. X, 472; xii, 54G ; {HY.) Pers. iii, 68. {KG.) R. 359. A maxim of Epicurus was, " a,v'%xfiu xa) drixof xa) 'iirti dva- ftd^rtiToi xa) ufisra/ttXriro;.'' PR, A. 360. This was also the Stoical phi- losophy, s. Sen. de I. ii, 6-8 ; Hor. Ep. i, 6. Only the two principal pertur- bations of the mind are here specified : R. al Ti •r^u.^iit Taw d,i6^uitou dvo iu/Aou xa) I'jnSvf/.iaf Arist. Eth. iii, 1, end. ['" They want a motive to their duty; they want, at least, strength of motive sufficient to bear up against the force of passion and tlie temptation of present advantages ;" Paley, Ev. pt. ii, cli. 2.] 361. ' The twelve labours of Her- SAT. X, OF JUVENAL. 375 Et Venere et coenis et pluma Sardanapali. JNIonstro, quod ipse tibi possis dare : semita certe TrauquillaB per virtutem patet unica vitae. 365 Nullum iiumen habes, si sit prudenlia : nos te, Nos facimus, Fortuna, deam coeloque locamus. cules.' LUB. Diodor. PR A. see the Choice of Hercules, from Prudicus ; Xen. Mem. 362. ' The downy couches of Sarda- napa/iis,' the last king of As>»yria, notorious for his etfeminacy and luxury. Sch. s. Herod. Plut. Diodor. ii, 23 ff; Ath. xii, 7 ; Just, i, 3 ; V. Pat. i, 6 ; Cic. T. Q. V, 35. (BB.) R. BRI. PRA. 363. Seel satis est orare Jovem, qui donat et axfert : det vitam, det opes: cequuni nalii animum ipse paraho; Hor. Ep. i, 18, 111 ff; {BY.) PRA. s. Sen.Ep. 27;4l;80. ii. The heathen thought that every man was the author of his own virtue and wisdom ; but there were some at Rome, at that time, who could have taught Juvenal that " Every good gift, and every per- fect gift, is from above, and cometh down from the Father of lights;" St James i, 17; Jeremiah x, 23. Omnes mortales sic hahent,. . .omnem commo- ditatem prosperitatemque vitcc, a diis se habere: virtutem aiitem nemo umc/tiam acceptum deo retulit. nimirnm recfe: propter virtutem cnim Jure laxidamitr, et in virtute recte gloriamur; quod mm contingeret, si id donum a deo, non a nobis haleremus .num qnis, quod bo- nus vir asset, gratias diis cgit umquam ? at quod dives, quod honorntus, quod iii- columis. Jovemqueoptimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod nosjustos, temperatos, sapienle.s effu-iut, scd quod salvos, ineoluines, oputentos, cupiosos. . . .judicium hoc omnium mortnlium est, fortunam a deo petendam, a se ipso snmendnm esse sapientiam; Cic. N. D. iii, 36. Thus " They became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened ; professing them- selves to be wise, they became fools;" Romans i, 21 f. MAD. 364. Vis munqitam tristis esse? recte vive ; was an excellent precept of Isi- dore ; [s. xiii, 223.] BRI. L UB. /iux^es li Koi o^iiBi oiftaf Hes. O. D. 286 ff; Sil. XV, 18 ff; Pers. iii, 56 f. {KG.) R. [Proverbs iii, 17.] 365. Nos: [Cic. C. i, 1, 3.] xiv, 315 f. The opinion ' vitam regit fortuna non sapientid' is condemned by Cicero, T. Q. v, 25; ad sum- mam, sapiens uno minor est Jove^ dives, liber, honoratus, pulcer, rex denique regum; Hor. Ep. i, 1, 106 f; PRA. Od. iii, 29, 49-52. MAD. ' If men were but wise, Fortune would have no divine authority and power.' Plin. ii, 7 ; Sen. Ep. 98 ; s. Virg. /E. i, 8; 133; 666; ii, 123; iii, 372; iv, 611; V, 56; vii, 119; viii, 78; ix, 661 ; xi, 232 ; {HY.) Ov. Tr. ii, 551 ; iv, 2, 9. {BU.) R. 366. Plin. ii, 7; VRA. Hor. Od. i, 35. " There's a divinity that shapes our ends. Rough-hew them how we will;" Shakesp. Ham. v, 2; s. Ecclesi- astesx, 10; MAD. Lactant. iii, 29; Ov.M.xv,818. (US.) R. "Soventeav- vien chc'l saggio eU forte Fabbro a se stesso e di beate sorfe;" Tasso ; " They make their fortunes, who are stout and wise; Wit rules the heavens, discretion guides the skies;" Fairfax; " 'Tis said a wise man all mishaps withstands ; For though by storms we borne to mis- chiefs are, Yet grace and prudence hayle our careful bands; ICauli man, they say, his fate hath in his hands. And what he marres, or makes to leese, or save, Of good or ill, is ev'n self doe, self have;" Higgins, Mirr. of Magist. a IF. SATIRE XI. ARGUMENT. This Satire consists princi pally of an invitation to Persicus, the poet's friend, to spend the day with him ; hut it is made the vehicle of much valuable information, and much cimusing description. It begins with a severe invective against a person of the equestrian order, (here called Rutilus,) who had wasted his property in riot and confusion; and from whose reduced and miserable state Juvenal takes occasion to draw many admirable maxims for the due regulation of life. 1..55. These intro- duce, with sufficient propriety, the little picture of his own domestic economy; 56 ff; which is followed by a most pleasing view of the sim- plicity of ancient manners, 60 ff; 77.. 119; artfully contrasted with the extravagance .and luxury of the current times. 120 ft*. He enters at length into the particulars of his purposed entertainment; the viands are the produce of his own little farm and garden : 64 ft"; the ftirniture is of the most homely kind: 129 ff; the servants are two raw country lads born on the estate: 142 ff; the Avines, home-made: 159. .161 ; and he concludes with a spirited description of the scandalous excesses practised at the tables of the great; 162 ff; as a substitute for which, our host promises Persicus the treat of hearing the immortal poetry of Homer and Virgil; 177.. 180; and with an earaest recom- mendation to his friend, to enjoy th(! present with content, and to siwait the future with calmness and moderation. 184. .208. GIF. R. This is apparently one of Juvenal's last works. It has all the charac- teristics of age; the laudator temporis acti is ever foremost in the scene; and it is pleasant to think that time had mellowed and improved the social feelings of the author. Not but what there is here much to be seen of those strong and elevated passions which distinguish his earlier writings ; yet softer and more amiable sentiments have their turn ; and the talkative old man appears as a warm friend, a generous landlord, and a most kind and affectionate master of a family. His guest does not appear in such an amiable light. He is a morose and suspicious character; sufficiently unhappy, it seems, in his domestic concerns ; but fretful and fidgetty about many things, which Juvenal seems to think, he had much better dismiss from his thoughts. GIF. SAT. XI. TFiE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. 377 Atticus eximie si ccenat, lautus liabetur ; Si Rutilus, demens. Quid eniui niajore cachinno Excipitur vulgi, quam pauper Apicius ? Omnis Convictus, therma;, slationes, omne theatrum 5 De Rutilo. Nam dum valida ac juvenilia membra Sufficiunt galeae dumque ardent sanguine, fertur, Non cogente quidem sed nee prohibente tribuno, Scripturus leges et regia verba lanistaj. Multos porro vides, quos saspe elusus ad ipsum 10 Creditor introitum solet exspectare macelli Et quibus in solo vivendi causa palato est. Egregius ca3nat meliusque miserrimus horuni Et cito casurus jam perlucente ruina. Interea gustus elementa per omnia qua;runt, 1. ' Any rich nobleman.' Sch. T. Pomponius, the friend of Cicero, was surnamed Atticus, having acquired an Attic polish from a long residence in Athens. GRA. PRA. C. Nep. s. iv, 13 f ; viii, 182. R. 2. ' A poor man.' Sch. The principle is duo si faciant idem, non est idem. GRA. 9. xiv, 18. Compare the fable of the Frog and the Ox ; [and the Ass and the Lap-dog.] Rutilus was a sur- name of the Marcian, Virginian, and Nautian clans. R. 3. See iii, 152. R. " An Apicius :" GIF. s. iv, 23, note. FA Y. 4. ' Every dinner party, every bagnio, every conversazione, or knot of news- mongers.' Plin. xvi, 44 8 86 ; T. V. Max. ii, 2, 6 ; Cell, xiii, 13 ; PRA. s. vii, 233, note; MAD. viii, 18G; V. Pat. ii, 33; {VS.) Suet, vi, 37; {E.) Plin. Ep. i, 13, 2; ii, 9, b. R. under- stand tof/uuniur. Sch. 6. Rutilus wa.*" reduced by his extra- vagance to seek a livelihood in the am- phitheatre. H. ii, 143 ff; viii, 192 ff; PRA. Livy xxviii, 21, h. 7. * The tribune (i. e. the emperor) ought to have interfiled to put a stop to such a disgraceful practice.' LUn. ». ii, 166 ; Tac. An. i, 2 ; iii, 56; (L. E.) K. iii, 313, note. 8. The gladiators wrote out the rules given by their trainer, and also the 3 words of command, in order to learn them by heart. Suet, i, 26; V. Max. ii, 3, 2; FAY. L. vi, 249, note;s Arist. R. 1111 f. 9. ' There are many spendthrifts, over head and ears in debt, whom the often-disappointed creditor is sure to meet at market.' Sch. FAY. Hor. S. i,2, 7 ff; Ep. i, 15, 26 ff. R. 10. The Romans used to market for themselves, and were attended by ser- vants to carry home their purchases: R. see the opening of Ter. And. and s. Arist. R. 1065 f. 1 1 . fit i iiii h x.6i\ia' Phil'ppians iii, 19;I-f/"£;.s.xii,50f;CTfll.vii, \Q-J-Zu- K^nTrif tXt'yt¥ rut aXX.iu» cltP^uruv 2iocfi- ^tir, xa^oirov oi fiit ^u/ Jrra- ru/n iliscin-rit, tioslris nepelitur luuitri- bus. qtia-re nunc, cm- siibito moriamur : mortibns vivhnus; Sea. Contr. v, 1. R. 15. ' The price never stands in the way of their inclination.' MAD. 16. See Petr. 93 ; Sen. Cons, ad Helv. 9. R. 17. ' They make no difficulty, ' M/ID. ^i. e. they hesitate not) ' about raising.' Sch. 18. ' By pawning their plate.' LUB. s. vii, 73; Plaut. Cure, ii, 3, 77; Sun. Ben. vii, 14; Cat.xxvi,2. (FP. i>(E.) R. He destroyed the features of the image, out of shame, lest it should be recognised, and thereby disgrace him- self and his family. In all probability this alludes to some transaction which had recently occurred. L UB, 19. With tiiimi understand sestertii. MAD. ' Four hundred sesterces' would be about three guineas, s. i, 106; ii, 117; V, 132. R. " To prepare Yet one treat more, though but in earthen ware !" GIF. The epithet ^k/&*«* properly belongs to the epicure. Sch. [s. 264; 270.] 20. There is much poignancy in the circumstance of exchanging plate for luxuries to beeaten outofearthendislies: e-'pecially as at Rome Jictilibi/s cu:- nare putlfit ; iii, 168. The gluttony of these spendthrifts must have been ex- cessive, to overcome the prevailing prejudice in so delicate a point. GIF. GRA. " Then to the fencer's (vi, 82;) mess they come, of course. And mount the scaftbld as a last resource." GIF. This mess was a coarse and greasy kind of dish, which the gladi- ators ate, while in training, to improve both their wind and their limbs. A sort of macaroni. HOL. Though their new food may not be prime in its ((uality, yet it is not deficient in quantity, which is a great point, s. ii, 53 ; Tac. H. ii, 88; Prop, iv, 8, 25. ( BKH.) Ii. 22. Ventidius ; vii, 199 ; or Tac. An. xii, 54; PRA. Pers. iv, 25 f; SVL. bins. CS. R. 23. See Xen. An. vii, 7, 21. 24. Atlas; viii, 32; MAD.Ti\n,A%. LUB. 25. ' There is as wide a difference between the cofiFers (x, 25; LUB. xiv, 259 f; JR.) of the rich and the poor man's money-bag, as between Atlas and the lesser mountains of JVlauritania.' 27. This precept has been assigned to various authors, viz. Socrates, Chilo, Thales, Cleobulus, Bias, Pythagoras, (fee. D. Laert. i ; Cic. ad Q. Fr. iii, 6 ; T. Q. i, 22, 52 ; (HD.) Plat. Ale. i, t. V, p. 56 ; 65 ; Sen. Ep. 82 ; Sch. SVL. R. oraeu/oritm societatem dedere mor- tales Chiloni Lacedeemonio, tria ejus preecejda Delphis consecruudo aureis Uteris; Pliu. vii, 32; Pers. iv, 62: PRA. [^sch. P. V. 317. {BUR.)] It is very sound theology to say, that, SAT. XI. OF JUVENAL. 379 Figendum et inemori tractandum pectore, sive Conjugium quaias vel sacri in parte senatiis 30 Esse velis : nee enim loricam poscit Achillis Thersites, in qua se Iransducebat Ulixes. Ancipitem seu tu magno discrimine causam Protegere affectas ; te con sale ; die tibi, qui sis, Orator vehemens, an Curtius et Matho buccae. 35 Noscenda est mensura sui spectandaque rebus In summis mininiisque, etiam quuni piscis enietur, Ne mullum cupias, quum sit tibi gobio tantum In loculis. Quis enim te, deficiente crumena Et crescente gnla, manet exitus, jcre paterno 40 Ac rebus mersis in ventrem, feneris atque Argenti gi-avis et pecorura agrorumque capacem .'' Talibus a dominis post cuncta novissimus exit Annulus et digito mendicat Pollio nudo. to have the veil of pride and self- love taken away, so that we know ourselves aright, is the gift of God and the foundation of all true and saving knowledge, s. Jeremiah xvii, 9 f. MAD. The comic poets, to whom nothing was sacred, have of course ni:ide tree with this : xara tcXX' aj' irrif tu xaXa; tl^tifiitoi rb ytuii ri a ur on, ^^r.cri- ftuTi^oi ya^ ni ri yiuii tov; iiXkovt' Menand. 'iothisLe S;ige alludes with his usual felicity ; " Loin de m't-jchorler a ne tromper pcrsonne, mes parens devoient me ruromiii'tndcr de ne me laisser duper;^' Gil Bias. GIF. 28. Figendum; v, 12. R. 29. Corijuffiiiiii ; rnt nxra fauret iXa. LUB. nu/je pari; ()\. Her. - LUB. 60. See Virg. JE. viii, 100 ff; Sch. ib. 359-369. B. 61. Kes inopes Evandrus hahebal ; Virg. I.e. 100. LUB. Hercules was called ' the Tiryn- thian,' ibid. 228 ; from Tiryns a town of Argolis, L UB. the birth-place of his mother Alcmena. MAD. 62. ^neas was inferior to Alcides in fame and achievements, but was of ce- lestial origin both by the father's side, and by Venus his mother; LUB. Sil. vi, 627; viii, 293 ft". /{. 63. jEneas was drowned in the Nu- mician fountain. Hercules burnt him- self on a funeral pile upon Mount (Eta, to put an end to the dreadful agonies he suffered from the fatal tunic sent by Deianira, which had been di])ped in the blood of the Centaur Nessus. They were both deified after death ; Sch. s. Dionys. H. i; Ov. M. ix; Sen. H.fKt. PRA. /T.nrn, sanrtns rris, cut?! tr venernnila Ninnici umUi di'iini cwlo mi' sprit indif/rtrtn ; Tib. ii, 5, 43 f; (HY.) fulfjpt sacratis ir/nihun CKtr, incjrnlcm- qve {A Ic iflar) 'tnimnm rnpiunf ad sidera Jiammce; Sil. iii, 43 f; (fariToi 'H^axXio h rri Olrn KaTaKauCuTo. het yiiifffai xa) ya^ iKiivii , tt.ToP>itXu>t ixi- xa^ccoiv n xa) uxnuarov (fi^at to fuov, iilUK^itnd' uro -rod Tu^os, atixraro if Tovs htic I.uc. Herraot. 7- R. 64. Dapibus mensas onerabat incmtis; Virg. G. iv, 133. LUB. Compare bene erat,no7i piscibiis urbe petit is, sed piil/o aff/iie ficedu, Sfc; Hor. S. ii, 2, 120 ff. R. 65. Juvenal probably had a country house in the neighbourhood of Tibur. MAD. This bill of fare Martial has imitated in several places, but more particularly in x, 48. His entertain- ment, however, is more varied and his guests are more numerous : the season- ing too of his treat is very pleasant ; acccdcrit sine J'elle joci nee mane ti vtenda tibertas et nil (juod tacttisse velis ; de prasino conviva mens vrnvtuque lo- fjiiatiir ; ner facient iiiii'imjuam poctila nostra reiini; 21 ft", (i IF. 6(i. ' Fatted by suckling;' I'ke our house-lamb. MA D. 67. 'The low osier-bed.' LUB. 8. Virg. G. ii, 4.34 ff. Ii. 68. ' The wild sperage, from the mountain's side,' GIF. was less deli- cate than th;it which was cultivuttMl in gardens; IfRL I'lin. xvi, :<(> s f>7 ; xix, 8 s 42; R. s. v, 82. MAD. 69. ' The wife of my f":irui-serv!int ;' s. iv, 77; Mart, i, 56, 11; ix, 61, 3 ; X, 48, 7 ff. R. 71. 'With the pullets that laid them.' MAD. 38-2 THE SATIRES SAT. XI. Parle anni, quales fnerant in vitibus, uvje : Si};nimiin Syviuiiiquc ])yruni, de corbibus isdcm .Fiimila Picrnis it odoiis mala rcccnlis 75 Nee luetnenda tibi, siccatiun iVigore ])ostquam Aueluninuin et erudi posuerc perieida suci. Hace oliiii nostri jam kixuriosa scnatus Coeiia luit. Ciirius, parvo qua) legerat horto, Ipse fbcis brevibus ponebat oluscula, quae nunc 80 Squalidus in magna fastidit compede fossor, Qui meminit, calida) sapiat quid vulva popinae. Sicci tcrga suis, rara pendentia crate, Moris erat ([uondaui testis servarc diebus 72. Grapes were preserved in A-arious ways, bj- being put into jars, by being hung up by the stalks, and by several other methods; Colum. xii, 43 ; Varr. R. E. i, 54; Plin. xiv, 1; xv, 17; xxii, 1; Apic. A. C. i, 17; Didym. Geop. iv, 15, i?. These were kept by the second method. Sch. 73. Signia, in Latium, (now ' Segni') was famous for its fine pears, Plin. xv, 15 s 16; Cels.ii, 24; Pii^. id. iv, 19; Colum. V, 10, 18 ; and also for its rough astringent wines, Plin. xiv, 6 ; xxxv, 12; R. Sil. viii, 380. MJD. ' The Bergamot pears' came origi- nally from Syria. Some think tbem the same as the Falernian, GRA. or Ta- rentine; Colum. x, 5; Macr. iii, 19; Plin. PRA. Mart, v, 79, 13; Virg. G. ii, 88 ; Theophr. iv, 4, p. 32. R. Their being put ' all in the same basket' denotes the simplicity of the dessert. PRA. "lA. ' The apples of Picenum' were considered the finest: Piccnis ccdu7it pomis Tiburlia suco, nam facie prce- stant; Hor. S. ii, 4, 70 f; LUB. ib. iii, 272. Picenum was also famous for its pears, Plin. xv, 15 s Hi; (HD.) and olives, and rolls; Mart, xiii, 36 ; 47. R. 75. ' After they have laid aside their autumnal crudity, (now mellowed by the frost,) and the unwholesome qualities of the raw juice.' LUB. 77. With this contrast between the ancient frugality and the modern mag- nificence, mav be compared vi, 286 ff; xiv, 160 ff; Hor. Od. i, 12, 33ff; ii, 5,10-20; iii, 6, 17-48; Ov. F. i, 197 AT; Prop, iv, 1. R. ' Of our senators.' R. 78. Curius; ii, 3, note; PRA. Cic. de Sen. Sch. Plin. xix, 6 s 26, end ; Sen. to Helv. 10 ; s. de Prov. 3. R. He was found by the Samnite ambassadors, sitting by a small fire, and preparing a dish of turnips for his supper, with his own hands. MAD. GIF. 79. The epithets />a»To and brevibus are both to be noted. jB. Oluscula; Hor. S. ii,2, 117; Ammian Ep. XX, in BC\ An. t. ii, p. 388. R. 80. See viii, 179 f; Pers. vi, 40; LUB. agrictillnrmn vincti pedes, dam- nalte 7/ianii6, inscripti vultus e.rercent; Plin. xviii, 3; PRA. Ov. Pont, i, 6 31 f. R. 81. Me materna gravi de sue vulva capit; Mart, xiii, 56; vii, 19, 11; ejectitia autem vulva est, f/uee cjctra- hitur uteru suis prtegnanlis ; porcafia, posUjuarn pepcrit ; Plin. viii, 51 ; xi, 37 s 84 ; {HD.) SVL. nil vulva pulcrius ampin; Hor. Ep. i, 15, 41 ; VRA. Apic. de It. Cul. vii, 1 ; Ath.iii, l7;21f. ie. 82. 'A flitch of smoked bacon.' i[7B. vii, 119; Hor. S. ii,2, 117 ff; R. Varr. R. R ii, 4. PRA. ' A rack with its bars wide apart ;' M^X>. Mart, xiv, 221. As th6 ancients had no chimneys, the smoke had to make its escape, as it could, through windows and doors; and what they wanted to smoke was hung up to the rafters; s. vi, 320, note; Colum. xii, 53; Macr. vii, 12; Ov. F. ii, 645; Petr. 96; 135 f. {BU.) R. 83. ' For high days and holidays, as a great treat.' MAD. s. Virg. R. i, 207. R. SAT, xr. OF JUVENAL. 383 Et nalalitium cognatis poncre lardum, 85 Accedente nova, si quam dabat hostia, came. Cognatorum aliquis, tilulo ter consulis atque Castrorum imperils et dictatoris honoie Functus, ad has epulas solito niaturius ibat, Erectum domito referens a monte ligonem. 90 Quuni tremerent autera Fabios durumque Catonem Et Scauvos et Fabricios, postreuio severos Censoris mores etiam collegu limerct; Nemo inter curas et seria duxit liabendum, Qualis in oceani fluctu testudo uataret, 9-5 Clarum Trojugenis factura ac nobile fulcrum : 84. ' To set before the family party.' R. 85. ' With the addition of fresh meat, Sch. if there was a sacrifice to supply any.' On birth-days, such as could af- ford to do so, ofifered a victim to their Genius; LUB. but s. Pers. ii, 3, note: ED. or purchased from the quaestor part of the animals slain in public sacrifices; V. Max. ii, 2, 8. PR A. [Almost all the meat offered for sale in the market at Corinth was such : it would have been next to impossible to purchase any butcher's meat except of this description ; s. i X^'orinthians viii. Dr. Moberly.] Anciently, [as in the antediluvian times,] animals were only killed for sacrifice. The use of flesh as an article of food was introduced by slow degrees and very sparingly ; anil, for a long while, it was never eaten unless salted. CS. 88. ' Before the ninth hour.' Sch. i, 49, note. R. He hurried to sucli a frugal meal, as to something quite out of the common way. L UB. 89. Pliny meiitionsolivesand myrtles, then living, which had been planted by the hands of the elder Africanus : xvi, last. PR A. Agricultural pursuits gave rise to many noble names : Fnljiii.i, Lenlitlits, Cicero, Serrain/s, Pino, Pi- lumnus, Sfc ; Plin. xviii, 3-5 ; Coluin. pref. R. The hero in the text shoulders his spade, as though proud of his victory over the stubborn soil. LUB. MAI). Extretnis d u m ilii s ciiltorihus orbii> ; Virg. G. ii, 1 14. m/l/ir/i.-rc is used in the same sense ; Ov. Met. xi, 31 ; MAI). Mart, iv, 74, 33 ; Virg. X.. ix, 608. R. 90. Several Fabii bore the office of censor; (1) M. F. Ambit g/ us, 390 Y. II. (2) Q. F. Max. Rul/ianus, 449 Y. R. (3) Q. F. Gurges, his son, 473 Y. 11. (4) Q. F. Max. Verrucosus CuHcfator, 523 Y. R. (5) 31. F. Buieo, 512 Y. R. (6) Q. F. Max. Servi/ianus, 627 Y. R. and (7) Q. F. Max. ^mili- anus Allobrogicus, 645 Y. R. R. The second is here meant, who obliged his colleague P. Decius to let him adminis- ter the office with all the strictness of the good old times. Sch. s. ii, 145 f ; vi, 266. PR A. M. Porcius Cato, of Tusculum, was censor, 569 Y. R. triste supercilium durif/ue severa Catonis froiis; Mart, xi, 2, 1 ; ii. s. ii, 40. PRA. 91. M. /Emilius Scaurus was censor, 645 Y. R. R. s. ii, 35. PRA. C. Fabricius Luscitucs was censor, 478 Y. R. R. s. ix, 142. PRA. 92. This may allude either to the disjjute between Rullinnus and Decius, mentioned just before, MAD. or to that between M. Livius Salinator and C. Claudius Nero, 549 Y. R. Liv. xxix, 37; V. Max. ii, 4. R. 93. See Virg. G. ii, 462 If. R. 94. Trsluditu's lantft' iiutgniludiiiis Indicum mare onittit, ut siiiiiulnruiii superjicie liabilnbiks cisns integant ; nti/ue infer iii-sulas rubri maris his tinnigant cimbis. in Pliiiniicio mart linud ulla dijjicullate rapinntur, SfO. ; V\\n. ix, 10 s 12; note on 43; PRA. Plin.xxxiii, 9 s 51. R. 95. XiXcuimci; ■xx^tix.i'Knua.t xoiraf' f'leni. Alex. FA Y. kXi»»c oi'xo x*^<^*ns 'l»3/«»)C TjUc, s. vi, HO ; I'lifi. xxxii, 4 ; 384 THE SATIRES SAT. XI. Sed nudo latere ct paivis Irons a;rea lectis Vile coronati caput osteudebat aselli, Ad quod lascivi ludebanl ruris alumni. Tales ergo cibi, qualis domus atque supellex. 100 Tunc rudis et Graias mirari nescius artes, ITrbibus cversis, praedaruni in jiarte reperta Magnorum artificum frangebat pocula miles, Ut plialeris gauderet equus, ca;lataque cassis Romulcic simulacra fera) mansucscere jussae 105 Imperii fato, geminos sub rupe Quirinos, Ac nudam effigicm clypeo venientis et liasta (HD) Sen. Ben. vii, 9; R. ilisternc- hatur lectus Indica tesfiidinepelliicidifs, plumea congerie tumidus, veste serica /ioridus ; Apul. Met. x ; gemmantes prima fulgent testudine lecti; Mart, xii, 67 ; PRA. s. vi, 22. MAD. Trojugenis ; s. i, 100. MAD. 96. Niido, ' bare of ornaments.' Sch. 97. Antujui nostri in lectis friclini- aribus, in fulcris capita aselloruni vile alligata /labuentnt, sigyiificantes \ 'quod patnpinos prcerodendo putare vites docu- erit, atque ita vini suavitatem* \in- venerit ; Hyp. F. 274 ; (MK.) FE. Tu 2i vro Tuv t» 'SavrXia Xtyofiita i; rOf »'»»», as tTi^ayuv afiTlXov xXS^« u^So- tuTieet (; to //.iXXot a^npuft to» kcc^tov, xui oiti r^ifi* i* •JTiTpa, •xivoinfiiiiif Oia rcuTO iiTTiv, 'drl afiTlXaiv oiia^as TO/iriv, *a^itiiii eix i^iiXoya. hyufiivai' Pans, ii, 38. R. Perhaps we should read V ite. HNN. The ass was a favourite of Silenus ; its head, therefore, crowned with clusters of grapes, was cast in brass, and fixed upon the front of the couches on which they sat at meat, as a provocative to hilarity and good fellowship. GIF. 98. As the old Romans had made no extraordinary progress in any of the fine arts, we may easily suppose that the clumsy workmanship of these or- naments provoked the risibility of the ' unlucky boys' of the family. GIF. 99. ' They were all of a piece.' MAD. 100. See Polvb. in Strab. p. 381 ; V. Pat. i, 13. R. 102. ' Of great artists :' viii, 102 fif. R. The army of Clovig, the founder of the French monarchy, having plundered a church, carried off, among other sacred utensils, a vase of extraordinary size and beauty. On coming to Soissons, where the booty was to be divided, and was placed, for that purpose, in one great heap in the centre of the army, Clovis entreated, that, before making the division, they would give him that vase over and above his share. All appeared willing to gratify the king by complying with his request, when a fierce and haughty soldier lifted up his battle-axe, and, striking the vase with the utmost violence, cried out with a loud voice, " You shall receive no- thing here but that to which the lot gives you a right!" Greg, of Tours, Hist. Fr. ii, 27 ; [Her. ix, 80, 6.] 103. Phaleris: s. x, 134; Virg. 2E. ix, 359; (//F.) Ov. M. viii, 33 ; {HS. BU.) Petr. 65 ; Suet, vi, 33 ; Sil. xv, 255 ; ( D.) R. aliee purpureee tcenice dorsa ac pectora collat/ue eguorum com- plectuntur : pro fasciis aurece phalerct cernuntur, qua sunt ovales orbiculi et auro distincta lora ; Pancir. Dig. Imp. Or. GV Livy xxii, 52, 7. 104. ' Of the she-wolf.' s. Liv. i, 4. PRA. It w;is customary to have the origin or history of their ancestors or their country embossed on their helmets or shields. Sil. i, 407; 415; viii, 386 ff; XV, 682. {D.) R. LUB. 106. Fata; s. Her. i, HI, note 89. For ' the rock,' Dionys. H. i ; Virg. iE. viii, 630 ; {CD.) the ficus Rumina- tis is generally substituted. Plin. xv, 18 8 20. {HD.) R. ' The twin Quirini' i. e. Romulus and Remus. MAD. 106. ' Of Mars descending to visit Ilia, Sch. and hovering over her in the SAT, xr. OF JUVENAL. 385 Peudenlisque dei perituro ostenderet hosti. Argenti quod erat, solis fulgebat in armis : Ponebant igitur Tusco farrata catino. 1 10 Omnia tunc, quibus invideas, si lividulus sis. Templorum quoque majestas pra;sentior, et vox Nocte fere media mediamque audita per in-bem, Litore ab oceani Gallis venientibus ct dis Officium vatis peragentibus, his monuit nos. 115 Hanc rebus Latiis curam proestare solebat Fictilis et nullo violatus Juppiter auro. air,' Spence, Polymetis, vii, p. 77. or ' over his children as their guardian.' MAD. 107. T!ie Roman soldiers used to bear on their helmets the first history of Romulus. The figure of the god of war was made as if descending on the priestess Ilia. The sculptor, to dis- tinguish him from the rest of the gods, gave him, what the medalists call his proper attributes, a spear in one hand and a shield in the other : [v, 1 54, note.] As he was represented descending, his figure appeared suspended in the air over the vestal. ['I here is an antique basso relievo which shews this. s. also Ov. F. iii, 1 ff.j AUD, R. p. 104. He illustrates this by a coin of Antoninus Pius, which appears to be a mere copy of this description. Both Ovid and TibuUus, however, say that Mars was unarmed. GIF. See Hamilton's Vases, pi. .38 ; 62 ; &c. 108. See Suet, i, «7; (CS.) R. Livy xxii, 52. 109. Tuscmn ficlile ; Pers. ii, 60; LUB. Aretina nimis iif spernns vnsa monemiis, laiitus erat T)isris Porsena ficlilihiis ; Mart, xiv, 98 ; MAD. Plin. XXXV, 12 s46. (///J.) R. Farrata; s. xiv, 171. LUB. 110. ' Yet all was then most en- viable, if you had but a spark of that feeling in your composition.' MAD. 111. ' 1 he majesty of the gods in the temples was more propitious.' MAD. s. iii, 18, note; Virg. E. i, 42; G. i, \0.(HY CD.) R. 112. M. Coidicius lie plnhe nunliavit trihnnin, se in Nova Via, ubi nunc sacellum esl, supra nnli'iit Vesta;, vo- cem noclis sitentin aii'/isse rlariorfi7n ftmnana, iet inajistratibus dirijiibrret 3 RALLOS adventare; Liv. V, .32; 50; LUB. Plut. V. viii. GIF. 1 13. Invisitato atque inuudito hoste ab oceano ierrarumque iiltimis oris be/l/nn cie>ite,8^-c; Liv. v, 37; i.e.' the Senones,' under Brennus. LUB. ib. 33 ff. 114. His (I) ' from these temples,' R. (2) ' by these methods,' MAD. (3) ' concerning these foes.' ACH. 115. Res Latiee ' the Roman com- monwealth.' R. 116. See Pers. ii, 59; 69. The golden age was that, when there was least gold. s. iii, 20. LUB. et te quoque diy>i>/m Jinye deo : finges aiitem no7i auro, non argento : non potest ex hac materia imago dei exprimi similis : co- gita illos, quum propitii essent, fictiles fiiissp; Sen. Ep. 31, end. Pliny, speaking of an earthenware image Oi Jupiter, which the elder Tarquin set up in the Capitol, adds, Aap cnini turn imagines fleum erant lauilatissimte : nerpirnitet nos illorum, qui tales coluere. auriini mini et argentum nediis quidem conficiebant : dnrant in plerisque locis ctiatn nUHcJicliliaista simulacra, sanc- tiora auro, rcrte innoeentiora; Plin. XXXV, 12 6 45 f; PRA. xxxiv, 7 s 16; Sen. to H.lv. 10 ; Mart, xiv, 178 ; Tib. i, ](), 19 ff; Luc. Contempl. t. i, p. 505 ; V. Ma.x. iv, 4 ; Ov. F. i, 201 f. Of Jupiter Hamnion, Lucan says, pauper adinir deus est, uultis violata per fT'vuni divitiis delubra tr/iens; vio- runique prioruni nu)nen Romano tern- plum dejendit ab auro', ix, 619 ft'. It. The statue of C-'ybele (iii, 137, note;) was still more rude and artless than that mentioned in the text. The true principle (I believe) of the adoration which was anciently paid to those uii- 38(5 THE SATIRES SAT. XI. Ilia domi nalas nostraque ex aibore mensas Tenipora vidrrunt ; hos lignum stabat in usus, Annosam si forte nuccni dcjcccrat l^hirus. 120 At nunc divitibus caniandi nulla voluptas, Nil rhombus, nil dama sapit ; putere videntur Ungnenta atque rosa;, latos nisi sustinet orbes Grande ebur et magno sublimis pardus hiatu, Dentibus ex illis, quos mittit porta Syenes 125 V.t Mauri celeres et Mauro obscurior Indus Et quos deposuit Nabataio belua saltu, finished masses of stone, as well as to the first shapeless blocks which were set up in the temples, was the profound reverence entertained for the gods ; which did not sufi'er the artists to in- vest them too closely with a determinate form. In process of time they grew bolder : and it is an observable thing in the history of sculpture, that the most admired statues of the deities were produced in the age of scepticism, or infidelity. This applies no less to the Greeks than to the Komans: the latter, while they were sincere believers in their mythology, had not a god tolerably executed. GIF. s. Virg. ii, 4G5 f. 118. Stare often means esse: s. Virg. JE.\, 646; vii, 553. (if Y.) II. 119. ' A walnut-tree.' MAD. J 20. Veiitrem invitant pretio; Claud. XX, 329. renovant per damna famem ; Petr. 119; 55; Hor. S. ii, 2, 21. R. 121. ' Even turbot and venison is tasteless.' MAD. Dama; Plin. viii, 53; Pi2^. ^1. H. A. xiv, 14. R. 122. See ix, 128, note. R. Orbes; i, 75, and 137, notes. R. Citron-wood tables had long been in high estimation. Cicero, in his im- peachment of Yerres, says ; tu maxi- mam et pi/lcerrimaw citream mensam a Q. Lutalio Diodoru abstulisti ; iv, 17. This may be alluded to in i, 75. Seneca, according to Xiphilinus, was reproached with having in his posses- sion no less than five hundred of these costly tables! GIF. dentibus hie niveis sectos Atlantide silva imposuere orbes; Luc. x, 144 f. PR A. 123. ' A massive ivory pedestal carved in the form of a rampant leopard.' MAD. Round tables were generally (ioiivciii , Lucian calls them T^aTiXcs IXupavTitraiaf Somn. HN N. 124. ' Teeth :' Pausanias calls them ' horns.' ROD. s. Sil. xvi, 206; (L».) Plin. viii, 3, 10; Prop, ii, 31, 12. (IJKH.) R. Mittit; s. iii, 205; Plin. xii, 5; Mart, ii, 43, 9 f ; ix, 33, 5 ; xiv, 89, 91. R. Si/ene, a town and peninsula of the Nile, on the confines of Ethiopia and Egypt, now ' Assuan,' under the tropic of Cancer, Ptol. iv, 5; (but see A.) to which Juvenal was banished, as it was a Roman garrison town : Strab. xvii, p. 797; Plin. v, 9 s 10; (HO.) or the island Elepltantina (krjanua Baiar/nn, iii, 4 ; does not denote Baicc itself, may be meant. FA Y. PR A. R, 125. Elepliatitos fert Africa ultra Syrticns solitndines et in Mauritania : ferunt JEthiopes et Trocjlodytce : sed maximus India; Plin. viii, 11. R. {ADD, D. on M. t. i, p. 486.] The Africans generally were cele- brated for their speed : as the Car- thaginians, Sil. iii, 232; the Gsetulians, ib. 292 ff ; the Autololes, ib. 306 ff; the Troglodytee, Her. iv, 183; Phn. vi, 29 s 34 ; Luc. iv, 677 ff. B. PRA. ' The darker Indian.' SVL. The Greek Mav^es means ' obscure :' [like the terms blackamoor and negro.] Indis ad nascentem diem sitis tamen in corpore color noctis i/iest; Apul. Flor. FRA. concotor Indo Manrus ; Luc. iv, 678. R. 126. The capital of the Nabata?ans was Petra, whence the whole country was called Arabia Petra,'a. Strab. xvi. SAT. XI. OF JUVENAL. 387 Jam nimios capitique graves. Hinc surgit orexis, Hinc stomaclio bilis : nam pes argenteus illis, Annulus in cligito quod ferreus. Ergo superbum 130 Convivam caveo, qui me sibi comparat et res Despicit exiguas. Adeo nulla uncia nobis Est eboris nee tessellse nee calculus ex hac Materia : quin ipsa manubria cultellorum Ossea. Non tamen his ulla umquam opsonia fiunt 135 Rancidula, aut ideo pejor gallina secatur. Sed nee stvuctor erit, cui cedere debeat oninis Pergula, discipulus Tryplieri doctoris, apud quern Siimine cum magno lepus atque aper et pygargus p. 779; Plin. vi, 28 s 33. R. FAY. They were named after " The iirst- bom of Ishmael, Nebajoth;" Genesis XXV, 13. FRA. The elephant is said to shed its tusks every two years, denies deriduos casu aliqiio vel senecta defodiiint : hoc solum ebur est: circumvenliquc a venantihus^ impactos arburi frangunt^ prcedar/ue se redimuut ; Plin. viii, 3. PRA. [s. xii, 34.] 127. "Oej|if vi, 428 ; VRA. Hclio- gabnlus aninbat sibi pretia wnjora did eariim reriim,(juce tnensce parabuntur, orexin convivio Itanc esse asserens ; Lampr. 29 end ; s. 16. R. Con- greve, in translating this passage, has given a conundrum not unworthy of Cowley in his happiest moments : " An iv'ry table is a certain whet ; You woulil not think how heartily he'll eat, As if new vigour to his teeth were sent, By sympathy from those o' th' elephant." GIF. 128. ' Tlie gastric juice.' From the irritation of the coat of the stomach by this Huid, arises the sensation which we call hunfter. ' Silver was thought nothing of, in comparison with ivory.' Sch. fs. i Kings x,21.] 129. * An iron ring, i, 28, note; MAD. H. Plin. xxxiii, 1. PHA. 130. [A commoner, who h:id suc- ceeded to a large fortune am;u:i. PRA. ' The white antelope,' Pennant ; ' the spring-liok' (i. e. bounding goat) of the t'a]ie, [Numbers xiv;| Sparrman, [Voyage, t.iijC. 12, p. 82 If; and Swedish Trans- actirms for 1781).] (I I F. or ' ga/fillc' n. 388 THE SATUJKS SAT. XI. Et Scythicir voliuves et plia'nicopteviis ingcns 140 ]']t Gittulus ovvx, liebeti lautissiina It'vio Ca'tlitur cl tola sonat ulinea cccna Subura, Nee iVustmn capie;e subducerc iiec latus Afr* Novit avis nosier tirunculus ac rudis omni Tempore et exigiue Curtis imbutus ofella). 145 Plebeios ealices et paucis assibus emtos Porriget incultus puer atqne a iVigore tutus : 139. The plieasant, o^vis ^afiaviKbt or (fao'iavos, derived its name IVoiii the Phasis, Sch. a river of Colchis, on the confines of Scvthia; PR J. Petr. 98; ( ir/'^.) 11. orXn^oi V l^v'ifttn rZy xaXou- fiitat ^atriavut vaiv Ath. xiv, 09. Philoxenus mentions it as coming on, with chicken, hare, and par- tridge, in the second course ; iv, 28. emxie( ' crimson,' vrrt^iv ' pinion.' plidnlcopteri Uugimm pra'cipxi saporis esse Apicius (/omit nepotitin omnium altissimus g urges ; Plin. x, 48 s 67 f ; (HD.) dat milii pennn ruhens nomen, sed lingua gulosis nostra sapit ; quid si garrula lingua foretf Mart, xiii, 71 ; PRA. Suet, ix, 13. R. " Evening comes on: arising from the stream, Homeward the tall flamingo wings his flitrht ; And where he sails athwart the setting beam, His scarlet plu- mage glows with deeper light ;" Southey, Kehamah, v, 1 , 1 ff. 140. T\veoryje was a species of 'ante- lope' or 'wild goat;' Plin. ii, 40; 46; Lt7i?. viii, 53 s 79; x, 73 s 94; xi, 46 8 106; (UD.) Mart, xiii, 95; M\. xiv, 14. PRA. R. 141. These delicious birds and beasts were caived in elm, and divided into their ])roper slices and joints. The several pieces were fastened together either by slight pegs or weak glue, which gave way to the blunt knives used by the professor and his pupils. This could not be done without some noise. LVB. PRA. 142. ' My little novice knows not how to take off by the sly a piece of a roe,' Sch. [or " to divide The lordly haunch, nor slice the turkey's side." HOD.] ' Or a slice off the breast of a turkey,' MAD. rather ' of a guinea-fowl ;' which bird was introduced into America, from the slave coast, at the commencement of the sixteenth century, 1608 a.d. But turkeys are natives only of America, and were first imported into Europe from Mexico or Yucatan, about the same period. From Spain they came over to England, 1524 a.d. ED. gallince A/ricraia- sunt grrindes, vari}s Xv^ai Koy^vXicc xai otn^aKa ffwyx^iuotras , 'iv^vS/iov [s. iv^v^fitt^ hx'* Ttva, a.'TOTiXuM tois oa\ov(iltois' id. xiv,9. (C'^'. aw.) R. llio trstec were small oblong pieces of polished wood or bone, which the dancers held between their fingers, and clashed in measure, with inconceivable agility and address. The Spaniards of the present day are very curious in the choice of their castanets ; some cost twenty-five or thirty dollars a pair ; these are made of the beautifully variegated woods of South America. GIF. ' Words, which the half-clad slave that stands for hire in the foul brothel would not use.' MAD. 173. Few passages have perplexed the commentators more than this, and many alterations of the text have been proposed. The most simple interpreta- tion perhaps is that of Sch. ' Who lu- bricates the pavement inlaid with La- conian marble by spirting from his lips the wines he tastes.' FE. SM. s. Hor. Od. ii, 14, 25 ff. MAD. The green marble of Tamarus was much esteemed, s. Plin. H. N. xxxvi, 7 s II ; (.HD.) Prop, iii, 2, 9; Tib. iii, 3, 14 ,(BKB.) stravit et (llcliogalalus) saocis Lace- SAT. XI. OF JUVENAL. 391 Naiiique ibi Fortunae veniam damns. Alea turpis, 1 75 Turpe et adulteriiuu mediocribus. Haec eadeiu illi Omnia quum faciant, hilares nitidique vocanlur. Nostra dabunt alios hodie convivia ludos : Conditor Iliados cantabitur atque Maronis Altisoni dubiam facienda carmina palmam. 180 Quid refert, tales versus qua voce legantur ? Sed nunc dilatis averte negotia cuiis Et gratam requiem dona tibi, quando licebit Per totam cessare diem : non feueris ulla Mentio nee, prima si luce egressa, reverti 185 Nocte solet, tacito bilera tibi contrahat uxor, Humida suspectis refercns raulticia rugis Vexatasque comas et vultuni auremque calentem. Protenus ante meum, quidquid dolet, exue limen : daemoniis ac porphyreticis plateas in palaiio, gims Antumnianas vocavit; Lampr. 24. Oval pieces of various co- loured marbles, ovat(B Jigin-ee, Plin. XXXV, 1 ; orhes, Sen. 87 ; vrere often inlaid in the pavements of their ban- queting rooms, R. In conviviis, quod poculis et pytis- matis effundititr., simuf alr/ife cadit, siccescit; Vitr. vii, 4 ; unam ei cwnam atque ejus comitibus dedi : r/uod si iterum mihi sit danda, actum siet. nam (ut alia omit tarn) pytissando modo mihi quid vini abiumsit? sic hoc, di- cens ; asperitm, pater, hoc est: aliud lenius sode.s vide, relevi dolia omnia, omnes serias; Ter. Heaut. iii, 1, 4C ff; R. s. xiii, 214. 174. " For there the world a largo allowance make And spare the folly for the fortune's sake. Gaming, adultery, •withasmall estate Are damning crimes, but venial with a great; Nay more than venial; witty, gallant, brave, And such wild tricks 'as gentlemen should have!' '' Thus, " In lords a wildtiess is a noble trick And cherishM in thcni, and all men must love it.'' Heaum. and Fl. Maid in the Mill. "So please your majesty, my master hath been an ho- nourable gentleman; tricks he hath had in him, which gentlemen have!" Shaksp Alls Wdl that Ends Well, v, 3. The late Lord (Jrforil seems to have been somewhat of the same way of thinking: of the Duke of Wharton he says, he " comforted all the grave and dull by throwing away the brightest profusion of parts on witty fooleries, de- baucheries, and scrapes ; which may mix graces with a great character, but never can compose one!" See viii, 181 f, note. GIF. 177. Note on vi, 434; Suet, ii, 74; E, and " acroama" CI. Cic. Ii. Of Atticus, C. Nepos says, nemo in con- vivio ejus aliud acroama audivit, quam anagnosten; quod nos quidem jucun- disnimnm arbiframur : neqtie utnqifam sine aliqua lectione apud eum cwntdiun est, lit non minus animo quam ventre convivcB deleciarentur. GIF. 178. Homer shall be read aloud, s. vii, 153. MAD. 179. Noteon vi,43(j. MAD. 181. Thus Horace addresses Msece- nas; mitte civiles super urbe curas; Od. iii, 8, 17. LUB. [sed tatnen amofo quteramus seria ludo, Hor. S. i, 1, 27; 8. I Corinthians xiii, 11.] 184. The want of delicacy in this allusion betrays the general depravity of those times. /{. 186. Multicia; ii, 6<>, note. ZT' /y. 187. See Suet, ii, 39; iv, 36 ; LUli. vi, 38. GRA. 188. ' Divest yourself of;' MAD. 9. Sil. i, 38; vii, 496; Claud, vii, 157. R. " Your eye in Scotland Would create soldiers, make our women liKlit 3})-2 THE SATIRES SAT. XI. Pone donuim et servos et quidciuid frangilur illis 100 Aut]ieiit: intos, insistentes currihns homines vi- dere. si tamen aut velocitate erpioruni ant hnminum arte tralierentnr^ esset ratio noninilla. at nunc fmwnf panno, pannum amant ; et si in ipso ciirsu medioquc certamine hie color i//i/c, ille hue transfcratur., st udium favorque transibit^ et repenfe, agitafores ilt-os, equos it/os, quos procul noscitant, quo- rum clamitant nomina, relinquent : tanta gratia, tanta auctoritas in una vilissima tunica; Plin. Ep. ix, 6; si veneto prasino-ve faves, qui coc- eina sumis, ne fias ista transfuga sorte, vide ; Mart, xiv, 131 ; micant colores, a I bus, vcl venetus, virens, r u be us que. . . . hortariturque obiter, juvantque blandis ultro plausibus. . . . dictant quadrupedantibus furorem. . . . i7upel/unt, trepidant, trakunt, repug- nant, ardescunt, saliunt, tt7nent, ti- mentur; Sidon. Ap. xxiii ; PRA. 8. Suet, iv, 56; vi, 22; R. Dio Ixxvii, 4. GIF. [Our own elections show the importance of party colours. HOD.] SAT. xr. OF JUVENAL. 393 Nam si deficeret, rncestani attonitamque videres Hanc urbem, veluti Cannarum in pulvere victis Cousulibus. Spectent juvenes, quos claniov et audax 200 Sponsio, quos cultae decet adsedisse puellae ; tSpectent hoc nuptae juxta recubante inaiito,t tQuod pudeat nan-asse aliquem pvaBsentibus ipsis.t Nostra bibat vevnum contracta cuticula solem Effugiatque togam. Jam mine in bahica, salva 205 Fronte, licet vadas, quamquam solida bora siipersit Ad sextam. Facere hoe non pof'sis quinquc diebus Continuis, quia sunt talis quoque taedia vitae 197. ' If it were to fail.' Sch. Cassiod. Ep. iii, 51 ; Priscian, viii. R. 198. ' On Cannffi's dusty field.' ii, 155; PRA. ve?iti/s, f/r/ei/i ViiUiirniim incolae rcgio7iis voraiit, adverstis Ro- inanis coorit/s, luulto p ulvere in ipsa ora volvendo^ prospectum ademit ; Liv xxii, 46; FAY. ff. n. 199. ' The consuls' were Paulus and Terentius Varro. 200. ' Betting.' (/venrit, and 4.3 ; Sil. ix, 491 iEmilius Sch. /; o s ito A. A. i. pig n ore, vincat titer; Ov. 168; T. Tert.de Sp. 16. R. We often find infinitives subjoined in this manner to one or more nouns, espe- cially in Greek: me nee fern ina, ?iec puer, nee spes, nee certare juvaf, nee vineire; Hor. Od. iv, 1, 29 ff; R ib. i, 1, 19 f; ii, 49 f; Virg. .E. ix, 775 f; (in G. i, 25 f; the verb precedes;) II. K 174 ; Her. i, 54; Xen. 2, 27. [BY, on H. O. i, 1, 4. Horn. An. i, K.] 202 rjuent It was almost impossible to fre- the Circus without witnessing scenes of profligacy unfit for the eyes or ears of any modest woman. Ov. A. A. i, ia5-I70; Tr. ii, 280 ff. Hence the fathers of the church denounced its licentiousness in strong terms. IINN. 20.3. He alludes to that sunning of themselves, of which r)jd men are so fond. Pers. iv, 18; LUB. ib. 33; v, 1 79 ; (Kd.) lotos avida cute co m !> i b e soles; Mart. X, 12; Plin. H. N. xxi, 14; Ep. iii, 1. R. 204. ' And escape from the ceremony and drudgery of the gf)wn.' LUB. s. iii, 127 and I'ZS, notes. PRA. Martial, who had withdrawn into Spain soon after the accession of Trajan, addresses from his retirement a little poem to his friend, which sets the misery of this attendance in a very strong light: dum til forsitan itupiictvs erras cla- mosa, J/fvena/is, in Sxhtra aut collem duminee teris Diance : dum per limina te potentiormn sudatrix toga ventilat vagiinif/Ne major Cwlius et ?)iinor fati- gant ; xii, 18. When we recollect our poet's strong sense of independence, we are surprised that he too did not retire from this state of slavery ; espe- cially as he had property at Tibur, and, probably, at Arpinum. He doubt- less sacrificed much to the mental pleasures, which could be found in perfection only in the capital ; and in- deed a mind like his, inquisitive, vigo- rous, and profoundly reflective, does not appear altogether suited to retire- ment. I may mistake, but I sometimes think I discover striking traits of simi- larity between our author and Dr. Johnson. GIF. 206. The forehead is the seat of shame. Pers. v, 104. /?. The eyes were considered so by the Greeks. 9. note on o/ifiafr Her. i, 37, [91.] Persicns, being an old man, waa allowed (by way of indulgence) to take a bath at eleven in the foienoon, three hours before the usual time; (IIF. i, 49, note; Pers. iii, 4; PRA. and then to come and take an early dinner, which might be done with propiiety on l..,lidays. LUB. vi,418 fl", notes; Tac. An. xiv, 2 ; (L.) R. iv, 108, note. 207. Tendia: hecnn^e oiiinihiis Inre- Ijiis voliijdatihii.s mu.rinii.'< futilinniDi rat fu.slidiiini ; Tic. de Or. ii. PRA- 3 K 394 THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. sat. xi. Magna. Voliiptates conimcndat rarior usiis. Shakspeare lias admirably expressed the like sentiment: " If all the year were playing holidays, To sport would be as tedious as to work ; ]5ut when they seldom come, they wishVl-for come ;'' K. H. iv, pt. 2 ; A. i, sc. 2 ; MAD, and again, " These violent delights have violent ends And in their triumph die ; — the sweetest honey Is loathsome in his own deliciousness And, in the taste, confounds the appe- tite;" Rom. and Jul. ii, G. GIF. Compare also the speech of the Player- King in Haiidet ; iii, 2. 208. According to the saying of Chi- lo, (K»5J» ayar (Arist. Kh. ii, 14,2;) ram J II rant ; Mart, iv, 2i) ; whence the I^atin adage omiir rariim cat i/iii, vitescit quuiiiliannm: LUB. et qii idem omnia prcBclara vara; Cic. Lajl. PRA. nulla est viiliiptas ijueB turn ailsiiluitnte siii fnxtiiliiiin pariiif; Plin. xii, \7; to ya^ mSu, iav *o\u, oil ri yi nSu. s. Sen. de V. B. 7 ; Macr. S. vii, 7 ; Cic. de Or. iii, 25. Ii. f" Pleasure's a toil, when con- stantly pursued." DRY.] SATIRE XII. ARGUMENT. This is the shortest of Juvenal's pieces ; yet it is by no means wanting in good passages, some of much moral force; and many of a pathetic and aflfectionate tendency. Catullus, for whom he had conceived a friendship of the liveliest kind, had narrowly escaped shipwreck ; and the Poet, whose joy knows no bound on the occasion, (a proof of his not being deficient in the " social aiiec- tions,") addresses an exulting letter to their common friend, Corvinus ; in which, after acquainting him that he was then about to sacrifice the victims he had vowed for the safety of Catullus, 1 . . 1 6 ; he describes his danger and escape. 17. .82. He then gives a most beautiful and animated picture of the private part of the solemnity, and of the various marks of gratulation which his house exhibits; 83.. 92. So far we see nothing but the pious and grateful friend. The Satirist now takes his turn most adroitly and unexpectedly: he re- collects that sacrifices are vowed by others, for the preservation of their acquaintance ; this leads him to speak with manly confidence of his own disinterestedness, which he considers as almost unique; and which he opposes, with equal sj)irit and success, to the base and designing promises of the legacy hunters, by whom the sick-beds of the rich and childless were constantly surrounded, 93. .127; and he concludes with an appro- priate malediction on such heartless and selfish wretches. 128.. 130. GfF. R. With the former part of tliis Satire may be compared Horace, Ode i, 36 ; ii, 7; iii, 11; and Catullus, ix. \\"\l\\ the latter part, Lucian, Dialogues of the Dead, v..x; and Horiicc, Satire ii, 5. Of Juvenal's two friends we know nothing. /?. 3})(} TIJE SATIRES SAT. XII. Natali, Corvine, dio mihi dulcior luue lux, Qua festus promissa dois aninudia ccspes Exspectat. Niveam vegiiuv; ducinius agnam : Par vcllus dabitur pugnanti CJorgonc Maura. 5 Sfd procul extensuiu petulans quatit hostia funera, Tarpeio servata Jovi, fronteuupie coruscat : Quippe fcrox vitulus, templis maturus ct arae Spargcndusque inero, quem jam pudet ubcra niatris Ducere, qui vexat nascenti robora cornu. 10 Si res ampla domi siinilisque alFectibus esset, Pinguior Hispulla traherctur taurus et ipsa Mole piger nee finitima nutritus in hcrba, La)ta sed ostendens Clitumni pascua sanguis 1. 'Natal day.' s. Pers. vi, 19; I'RA. xi, 84; Hor. Od. iv, 11, 1-20; Virg. E. iii, 76. MAD. 2. ' Festal;' Virg. /E. ii, 249. R. ' The alt;ir of turf.' s. Hor. Od. iii, 8,2-4. MAD. 3. ' To Juno.' ?ch. ast ego, qticB diviim incedo [126] reginu; "Virg. M. i, 46; PRA. s. Liv. v, 22; xxxix, 3. JR. * "White' victims were offered to the celestials, and black to the infernal deities. Hor. S. i, 8, 27; Virg. JE. iv, 61. MAD. Ducere; 112; x, 65; Or. M. xv, 114; {HS.) trahere; 11; K. ductus cornu sacer stabit /lircus ad arum; Virg. G. ii, 395. 4. ' Minerva,' Scb. when she went into battle, was armed with the iEgis; whereon was Medusa's head, which petrified all who looked upon it. s. Ath. V, 20; LUB. Horn. II. E; PRA. Virg. 2£. viii, 435-438. MAD. The Gorgons were the three daughters of Phorcus and Ceto, Medusa, Euryale, and Sthenone. They dwelt in Africa near the confines of Mauritania. LUB. Medusa alone was mortal, and was slain by Perseus. PRA. s. Apoll. ii, 4, 2 f; and Virg. M. ii, 616; viii, 435; {HY.) Hes. Theog. R. 5. Victims were led to the altar by long and loose cords, that they might not appear to be dragged reluctantly, which would have been an ill omen. AS. observatum est, a sacrificantihns, tit, si liostia, quce ad aras duceretur, fuisset veheiuetithts reluctata ostendis- setque, se iitvitum altaribus adinoveri, amoveretur, (pdn invito deo off'crri earn jjvtabant; Macr. iii,5; PRA. s. Hor. Od. iii, 13, 3 if; iv, 2, 54 fl'. {JN.) R. 6. See vi, 47, note. LUB. The Tarpeian rock was so called fiom Tar- peia. MAD. See A. Sil. x, 432 ff; (D.) Hor. Od. i, 12, 19 f. R. ' Brandishes.' Sch. Ov. M. iv, 493; (HS.) Theoc. iii, 5; Lucr. ii, 320. ( WK.) R. 7. See Macr. iii, 1-10; PRA. viii, 169. R. Templis et ara;, by the figure h e n- diadis. SVL. 8. Virg. M. iv, 60 f; LUB. id. vi, 244. PRA. Hence the Greek epigram K^n fii (fayris ir) /'?«') ifiuf 'in xa^nra- (^o^nauj oajoy fprnrTUixai (Toi, T^ayt, (ue/tiyiu' Anth. i; MAD.Ju)ulitpurum inter cor?iua vinum; Ov. M. vii, 584. R. Matre relicta; Hor. Od. iv, 2, 54. R. 9. See Virg. G. iii, 232 f ; Sch. ER. iii, 86 f. PRA. 10. See Hor. Od. ii, 17, 30 ff; iii, 23, 9-20 ; iv, 2, 53 ff. R. 11. Hispulla; vi, 74. LUB. 12. See Hor. Od. iii, 23, 1 1. R. 13. The waters of Clitumnus, a river of Umbria on the confines of Tuscany, (now ' the Timia,') were supposed to make the cattle, which drank of them, white. Hence the altars of Jupiter were usually supplied with victims from its SAT. XII. OF JUVENAL. 897 Iret el a grandi cervix ferienda ministio 15 Ob reditum trepidantis adhuc horrendaque passi Nuper et incolumera sese niirantis amici. Nam proeter pelagi casus et fulguris ictum Evasi densae ccelum abscondere tenebrse Nube una subitusque antennas impulit ignis, 20 Quum se quisque illo percussum crederet et mox Attonitus nullum conferri posse putaret Naufragium velis ardentibus. Omnia fiunt Tali a, tarn graviter, si quando poetica surgit Tempestas. Genus ecce aliud disciiminis : audi 25 Et miserere iterum, quamquam sint cetera sortis Ejusdem : pars dira quidcm sed cognita multis Et quam votiva testantur fana tabella Plurima. Pictores quis nescit ab Iside pasci ? banls. Plin. ii, 7; 103; RG. Virg. G. ii, 146 ff; Claud, xxviii, 50() f; PRA. Prop, ii, 19, 25 f; Vib. Seq. p. 101 flF; {OB.) Plin. Ep. viii, 8. R. This letter is a perfect model of simplicity, elegance, and taste. GIF. [Sil. iv, 547 f; vi, 645 fif; Luc. i, 473 f; Stat. S. i, 4, 128 ff. ADD, Spoletto, p. 49 14, Iret ' should fiow.' SVL. ' The minister' was called popa. RG. s. Pers. vi, 74. R. 16. Hor ret adit uc animus innnifesta- f/ue gaudia diffvrt^ dum sttiiir.l et tanto cunctatur credere voto; Claud, xv. 8 f. GIF. 18. See Acts xxvii, 20. MAD. 19. ' The electric fluid,' ignis He- lenee, or, as the French call it, le feu Saint-Elme. s. Plin. ii, 37; {HD.) Stat. Th. vii, 792 ff. {BA.) R. See Ariel's second speech in Shaksp. Temp. 21. Attoniti arc those f/iti vivisti/pent et in tofum sibi excidunt; Sen. N. Q. ii, 27. //. 22. For in case of shipwreck many might get safe to land. s. Acts xxvii, 44. MAD. 23. Poetira ; for instance, Horn. Od. E; Virg. JE. i; and iii ; Ov. M. xi. PRA. Sl>)V(/ ya.^ riri (i (ruyy^a.(p%u;) vairiT I K6U Tivflf dttfiov frou^tafftvTe( vie axaTia. x r. X \,Uf. di- lli~t. Scr. t. iii, p. 405; xa) it ri ri aXX« el i/*- /8j«»TjjT»/ ■rcifirai xaXouiri xai //.aXirra. oTcit aTooutn T^os to. f^trea. aTatra yae Tavra. k^oos fiori diaTiifrivi xai xccTyos •roitiTixes dri^vus . 'i^u tou Taroiyov ruf evefidruv id. 1 iiiion. 1 ; i.l. Ji^v. Trag. 6. R. 24. Stat. Th. xii, 349. (BA.) R. 27. Persons in peril of shipwreck often vowed to some deity a painting of their dangers and escape, in case they got safe to land. Sch. LUB. s. Pers. i, 89 ; PRA. Hor. Od. i, 5, end ; MAD. xiv, 302. 28. The hatred, which our author bears to this exotic deity, breaks out on all occasions. It is singular, that an Egyptian goddess, whose genuine worshippers at home held the sea and every thing connected with it in abhor- rence, should be fixed upon at Rome for the tutelar power of that element. In consecrating votive tables to Nep- tune, there was some propriety : but J sis not onl_v trench d upon his pre- rogative, but on tliose of Apollo, .Escu- lapius, &,c. Cat. i, 3 f. The unbounded attacliment of the wonnen to her, seems to have finally seduced the men; and this strange divinity (whose temples were little better than marts of de- bannhery) was suffered to usurp by ra|)id degrees, the attributes of almost every other god. We learn from I'ro- pertius that the temples were profaned Si)S TllK SATIRES SAT. XII. Accidit et nostro siinilis fortuna CatuUo. 30 Quuin plenus fliutu incdius foivt alveus et jam, AlUniiuinj)n])pis latus cvcrtentibns undis Arboris inccrta", nullam prudciuia cani Rectoris coiifcrret opem ; dccidcre jactu Cccpit cum ventis, imitatus castora, qui se 35 Eunuchum ipse facit, cupiens evadeve damno Testiculi : adeo medicatum iiitelligit ingucn. " Fundite, quae mea sunt," dicebat, " cuncta," Catullus, Prsecipitare volens eliam pulcerrima, vestem Purpuveam, teneris quoque Micccnatibus aptam, , 40 Atque alias, quarum genevosi graminis ipsum with pictures of a much worse charac- ter. GIF. s. ^1,489; LUB. Hor. A. P. 19 ff. PRA. Her grand feast at Rome was calletl Isid/s naviginm ; Lac. Inst, i, 11 ; Apul. M. xi, p. 36". B. 31. Puppis here means ' the stern' or aft part of the ship, h v^vftth- as medhis alveus is /iiffn fnvi ' the niidsliip ;' both are distinguished from v^cu^n ' the fore ship ;' note on Her. i, 1 , [4(i ;J ancura dc prora Jacitur; siant lilore pnppcs; Viri^. i5'L iii, 277; « /jt^f ^^a^cc l^iiraa-oi ifiim* afoiXiiiTos, h oi vpvfiva iXvtro ii'pri yi XaPiuv Ki^dras' Stesich. in Ath. xi, 14 ; GRA. Apoll. ii, 5, 4; Virg. G. ii, 455 S; V. Flac. i, 337 f ; Stat. Th. ii, 564. R. Cornelius Fiiscus is mentioned, iv, 112; LUB. but this is more probably Aurelius Fuscus, xvi, 46 ; Plin. Ep. vii, 9. (Mart, vii, 28. MAD.) Some suspect the lady to be Smifeia; vi, 320 fif; ix, 117. R. The Roman writers take frequent notice of the immoderate love of the women for wine. The fol- lowing papsage is very liumorous, and withal so ardent, that I doubt whether the most brain-sick lover ever poured out such genuine strains of rapture to his goddess, as the bibulous old lady before us lavishes on her darling liquor: Jlos veteris t'ini meis narUnis uhjcctus est : ejus amor rupidmn ine hue jiro/iril per tcnehras : uLi, ubi est .' jirope me est.evax! /tubco : sa/ve,ftnime mi. L'lberi lepos ; vl veteris vetusti vupiila sum! nani omnium unijuenttlm odor priSii ofiXc; tJvai tioikuXXovs oiictaf fiV T/f aura fccvfid^ti' Luc. Jsi^'r. 23 J^. 53. After levant we must either un- derstand navcm (s. Virg. M. i, 145 ; SEI.) or discrimcn, as damyia is the nominative. R. 54. Recidit : s. Livy xxx, 42, f ; ED. xliii,6; (G. D.) Tac. An. iii, .^9 ; and Suet, v, 9; {E.) Ov. Her. 14, 46; and Claud, xv, 44 f. {HS.) The syllable re- is common when prefixed to verbs beginning with a consonant, and short when it precedes a con- sonant inserted to avoid hiatus, as redeo redoleo, 8^'C. Prop, iv, 8, 44 ; (HS. BKH.) Sil. i, 309; {D.) Manil. i, p. 48 ; and Prop, ii, 24. {SCA.) R. ' It came to thst pass.' MAD. ' To the axe." MAD. ' And extricates himself when strait- ened.' LUB. 65. ' The jeopardy is extreme, when we employ remedies which will mutilate and cripple the ship.' MAD. LUB. 56. Boif^ciait t;^^av7f Acts xxvii, 17. MAD. 57. I nunc; vi, 306; Sen. Med. 650. R. Ventis. s. Hor. Od. i, 3,9-24. MAD. Prop, iii, 7, 29 ff; Ov. Am. iii, 2; and Phspdr. iv, 6, 8 ; (BU.) Grat. p. 45 ; (BA.) Sen. Med. 304. R. ■ 58. " Trust to a plank, and draw precarious breath, At most, seven inches from the jaws of death !" GIF. [s. BL, on M. ill. r.59.] Anacharsis, rn hearing Tirra^at iaxrvXeu; tltai rb sra^of Ttjs VIMS, obsei ved ronvTov 6a,vi.rtiu Tous trXitvTUf airJ;^i). PRA. 111. Siiltfi morn ; vi, 333. R. Noviits and I'aciivius were gentlemen of the same kidney: ii, 68. R. 112. As ' the elephant' is here called ivory, by metonymy; so Vir^jil calls ' the ivorv,'by synecdoche, e leph an f: rj. iii, 26; m. vi,896. MAD. 114. By ' such great gods' he pro- bably means ' such opulent patrons.' LUB. s. i, 112; 136, note; v, 132, note ; &c. 115. Alter \. e. Pacifvius. LUB. Human sacrifices were offered in Italy to Pluto and Saturn in conformity with the following oracle, xcu KKfaXas "A^Sjj xa) tZ -rttT^i Tifi'-rtTi (fsura, till Hercules taught them to substitute, in the former case, little pendent images, and, in the latter, lighted lamps, as the word (furx is equivocal : Macr. i, 7. A. u. DCLvii Lentulo et Licinio con- sulibus, factum s. c. we homo immola- retitr; palamque ad tempus illud pro- digiosa sacra exstitisse. fion satis (esf/mari potest (juantum Romnnis del/eatur, (jiii monstra sustulere, in f/uibus hominem occidere rcligiosissi- mum eraf ; Plin. xxx, 1. PRA. ROD. 116. Hence egregius. [xiii, 64, note. Her. vii, 180.] lis. Thus Sinon represents himself on the point of sacrifice ; mi/ii sacra jmrnri et salsee frugcs et c i r c n m fciiiporn vittae; Virg. /E. ii, 132 f. L un. 'Marriageable:' Hor. Od. iii, 6, 22; i, 23, 11 f. MAD. 119. The Greeks, having killed a hind consecrated to Diana, were wind- bound at Aulis. The oracle told them that to pacify the deity they must sacrifice the daughter of their general- issimo. Agamemnon, after a while, gave his reluctant consent ; but just as lOG THE SATIRES SAT. XII. 1-20 Non sperat tiagicii; furtiva piacula cervas. Laudo meiim civein nec comparo testamento Millc rates: nam si Libitinam cvaserit icger, Dclcbit tabulas, inclusus carceru nasste, Post incritiim sane niiranduni, atquc omnia soli 125 Forsan Pacuvio brcvitcr dabit. Illc superbus luccdct victis rivalibus. Ergo vides, quam Grande opera) pretium faciat jugulata Mycenis. Vivat Paeuvius, quaeso, vel Nestora totum : Possidcat, quantum rapuil Nero : montibus aurum she was on the point of heing sacrificed, the goddess conveyed her away to the Tauric Chersonese, and substituted in her stead a hind. JIOL. Eur. Iph. A. and T. PR A. Hyg. F. 98 ; Lycoph. 183; (ZZ.) Virg. JE. ii, 116; (HY.) Ov. M. xii, 1-38. (BU.) R. There is much variation in the story ; s. ^Eseh. Ag. 39-240; Luer. i, 85-102; which appears founded on Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac. 121. " A thousand ships are trifles to a will!" GIF. 122. Mi/le, in round numbers; Sil. iii, 229 ; Virg. JE. ii, 198; (HY.) R. trreXtf 'A^yi'icor xiXitiavrn*' /Esch. Ag. 44; {BL.) Ov. M. xii, 7; 37. Libitinn was the goddess of funerals, FA Y. whom Plutarch makes the same with Venus: Probl. PllA. Libilinam vitare ; Hor. Od. iii, 30, 7. R. 123. ' His former will.' FAY. ' Hampered in the net, which was set for him.' FAY. xv^rm- 0pp. Hal. iii, 85, 341 ff; \k ^^aituv Xafii^iy^or Theoc. xxi, 11 ; sollrrs piscator ore leveni patulo tcxens dc intninr nassam, cftutiiis hiteriora ligat mcdiamque per alvinn scnsitn fastiynns comprcssa cacu- mina nectit ac fraitde arctali remenrc foraminis arcet introitu fdcilem, (piem trnxit ah (cquore piscem ; Sil. v, 47-52 ; s. Cic. to Att. XV, 20 ; Plant. Mil. ii, 6,98; True, i, 1, 21 f; Cure, iii, 01 ; Mart, vi, 63, 5 f ; Hor. S. ii, 5, 44 ; Ep. i, 1, 79; Luc. Tim. 22; D. Mort. vi, 4 ; x; Hermot. 59; 11. note on xiJjrr Her. i, 191, [8.] 124. Attributing his recovery solely to the vows anfl sacrifices of Paeuvius. PRA. 125. Fonaii is \ury emphatic; for there is no certainty after all. JR. Where one person is left sole heir, but few words are needed. BRI. s. i, 68 ; R. and 40, note. 126. Virg. JE. 1,46; MAD. [3;] Tac. An. iv, 23, 5 ; Liv. i, 26, 9; Sail. Jug. 31. (CO.) R. 'EKtTtas f/.iv. ofris av ri trofihov to it^iaoi'Trtii. . . .« Tav^jK*)- ll'At ?£ xr.'ra.'ViiJi.'TtTioi ahhi U T«v "iSjjv" xa^apoi ya^ xa) foooiairuXot. *■ r. X. HPA »yv xa) ^aXif, Z Ziu, o"}lifiaiTTO{, xa) 01 idxruXoi aurov ava^iei Tris c>,( xvXi- X6i, xa) a.(rlioXou f/iiTTo; ifri, xa) vauriat opaiv aurov' . . . .ToiXai c\ ov^ icu^as Tau- ra, olV 01 o-tr/w^jjjif , oiiV h xd/itvo; afrsrjl- croK ff% fJ-h ou^) Titut wag' aurou' L'lc. D. D. v, 4 f ; and aj^ain ih^uTi piofinov, ■reX- Xiv aUuXtn \ir) tou le^oiraurou '/;^;ovra- ib. XV, 1. R. Under these circumstances, it will be best to content ourselves with the SAT. XIII. OF JUVENAL. 413 45 Brachia Vulcanus Liparsea nigra taberna. Prandebat sibi quisque deus nee tuvbu dearum Talis, ut est hodie, contentaque sidera paucis Numinibus miserum urguebaut Atlanta uiinori Pondere. Nondum aliquis sortitus tiiste profundi 50 Imperium : aut Sicula torvus cum conjuge Pluton ; Nee rota nee Furiae nee saxum aut vulturis atri PcEna ; sed infernis hilares sine regibus umbrae. Improbitas illo fait adniirabilis acvo. most simple exposition : that 'After the nectar had been all drained from the bowl, Vulcan wiped his arms, black from his Liparaean workshop.' To throw the greater ridicule over these celestial compotations, and to make at the same time, the widest contrast be- tween Vulcan and the fair cup-bearer just mentioned, the former is repre- sented as coming hot from the forge, and not even having the good manners to make himself decent and tidy, till the banquet and his services were over. He did then make himself so far com- fortable as to rub the sweat and soot off his bare arms, but not till then. Livy iii, 26. ' Nectar' the drink of the gods, as ' ambrosia' was their food, poetce nectar, ambrosifim, epukts romparant ; et aut Juventntem aut Ganyineikm pocula ministrantem ; Cic. N. D. i, 1 13; Apul. Met. 6; Aih. ii, 2; Macr. in S. Sc. i, 12 ; 1>RA. s. Horn. II. A 59/ ff; Od. I 9 f. R. 45. Liparcea; i, 8, note; x, 132; PRA. s. Virg. JE. viii, 416 ff; (HY.) MAD. Call. H. in Dian. 47; (SN.) Hom. II. A 594. (KCE.) R. 46. Tliis is a severe satire on the Pagan Polytheism. PRA. s. Plin. ii, 7; Cic. N.D. R. The heathen deities amounted to above thirty thousand. MAD. But our author had a further and more important end in view ; for his satire is directly levelled at the frequent apotheoses of the Cffisars, in which the base an.>.ti fltrriKotiroi Hum. II. E 7^r,r. urn. 1 1.}. 'O J"«/3ja;^ji;^aX*««f "AfXf.Cwhcn wounded by iJiorncdc,) oV*»» t \)ma,X'' 1I..I11. II. E ^59 If. Sell. LUB. \ 14. Z«w; I'jx/of is here meant. R. Note on Her. i, H, [42]. Ncn Inhra morr.s; s. ii, 1.10 A-c; Luc. Tim. 1-6; Virg. Av iv, 206 fl". It. Compare Elijah's taunt to the priests of Baal ; i Kings xviii, 27. MAD. 115. This is a sarcasm on the stu- pidity of men, in worshipping marble and brass as gods. RIG, 116. ' If you are utterly insensible and powerless, what is the use of our offerings and sacrifices ?' Sch. PRA. The heathens expected blessings from the gods, out of gratitude for vows and oblations. Horn. II. A 39 ff; 240; Od. A 763 ff; P 240 ff; Virg. /E. ix, 406 If. R. ' The cornet of paper being undone.' RG. tliuris piperis penes intrepido! mitis custuilia RtniKc; Stat. S. i, 4, 16; FRA. iv, 77 f, note; s. Sen. Kp. 86; Eleg. in WF, P. L. M. t. iii, p. 159, 27; Tac. An. vi, 10 ff. Before de- termining the date of the Satire, we mustalso take into account 1 7 ; see note. It. 158. Lticifero; viii, 12, note ; PRA. Ov. M. iv, 664. MAD. 160. ' One house, that of Rutilius,i8 enough.' Sch. As we might say, ' the Mansion House.' 161. Aude: ' I may defy you.' 162. '■ Crimes are not more wonderful in Rome, than goitres [guttur] on the Alps.' Sch. Plin. xi, 37 or 68; (HD.) BRO. JEipiiroUs in Italia et Alpihns in natione Mediillurum^ est (jcuiis aqua:, quam qui bibiint, efftciuntur tirrgidis gutlurilius ; Vitr. viii, 3 end. R. " When we were boys. Who would believe that there were mountaineers iJew-lapp'd like bulls, whose throats had hanging at them Wallets of flesh ! . which now, we find, Each putter-out on five for one will bring us Good warrautof;" Shaksjj. Temp, iii, 3. GIF. SAT. XIII. OF JUVENAL. 423 In Meroe crasso majoreTn infiinte mamillam ? Caerula quis stupuit German i lamina, flavam 165 Csesaviem, et madido tovquentem cornua cirro ? Nempe quod hajc illis natura est omnibus una. Ad subitas Thracum volucres nubemque sonoram Pygmaeus parvis currit bellator in armis : Mox impar hosti raptusque per aera curvis 170 Unguibus a sa^va fertur grue. Si videas hoc Gentibus in nostris, risu quatiare : sed illic, 163. Meroe ; vi, 528, note ; s. Pomp. Mel. Solin. 15. SVL. 164. Habitus qiioqne corpornm, qnamqnam in tanto hominum mtmero, idem omnibus: truces ct caerulei oculi, rutilae comae; Tac. Germ. 4; PRA. fera caerulea Germania pube; Hor. Ep. 16, 7; (MJ.) s. Arist. Probl. xiv, 14. It. The Italians seem to have regarded as a phaenomenon, this colour, so common, among the northern nations of Europe. The adjunct truces, however, makes the common interpretation doubtful. With us ' blue' is rather indicative of soft voluptuous languor, than of fierceness. Why not ' sea-green'? This is not an uncommon colour in the north. I have seen many Norwegian seamen with eyes of this hue, which were invariably quick, keen, and glanc- ing. Shakspeare, whom nothing escaped, has put an admirable descrip- tion of them into the mouth of Juliet's nurse : " O he's a lovely gentle- man!... an eagle, madam. Hath not 80 green, so quick, so fair an eye, As Paris hath ;" iii, 6. Steevens refers to an apposite passage in the Two Noble Kinsmen. It is in Emilia's address to Diana: " Oh vouchsafe With that tliy rare green eye, which never yet Ik-held things maculate." (JlF. Though the colour rloes apply to the sea as well as to the sky, yet without including blue and grey eyes, it could hardly be so universal as to warrant the language of Tacitus. [8. STR, Th. L. G. 10372, " x't"'"-" ^"I'h. Pli- 117;''-] ' Yellow hair.' tionrst Mliioii'is inter stios insif/nitus ro/or, nrr rujiis cri- nis el CO actus in nodnui apud Gerinnnos; Sen. de Ira iii, 20; auricomiis Batavus ; Sil. iii, 008 ; ruffus BatavHs; Mart, xiv, 176. Procopius cal!s the Vandals ;^^vrosiSi7s . Galen says the Germans should be called ruppti rather than |ay^a/- Com. ad Polj'b. de Vict. 6. L. 165. Insigne gentis obliqtiare cri- nem nodoque iubstringere : . . .[tisqtie ad canitiem] horrentem eapillum re- tro sequuntur ac scepe in solo ver- tice religant : . . .in altitudinem qt^ayn- dam et terrorem, adituri beUa., compti, ut hostium oculis, ornantur; Tac. Ger. 38 ; Sen. Ep. 24 ; Mart. Sp. iii, 9 ; v, 38 ; Tertul. de Virg. Vel. 10. Their hair was ' moistened' with a kind of soft soap, which they applied as po- matum. Plin. xxviii, 12 or 51 ; (JID.) Mart, xiv, 26 f ; L. id, viii, 33, 20 ; Suet, iv, 47 ; s. vi, 502. R. 167. ' The cranes,' LUB. from the Strvmon. Sch. Virg. G. i, 120; M. x, 265 f ; MAD. ib. xi, .580 ; Ov. A. A, iii, 182; II. Ath. ix, 11 ; Plin. x, 23. PRA. ' The cloud.' Sil. i, 311.7?. 168. See vi, 606; Gell. ix, 6; Plin. vii, 2; BRI. id. iv, 11 ; x,2:i; (JJ I).) PRA. Strab. xvii; Horn. II. r 2-7; {KCE.) Claud. XV, 474 ff. R. 169. [Vir. ^E. V, 254 f.] 171. The facetious Domitian seems to have treated himself with a spectacle of this kind : liic audnx subit urdo pu- milonnm, quos Natura brevi static peractos nodosum semel in gtobuni ligavit. edunt vulnera conserunfquc drxtras, et mortem sibi {qua manu .') ininnntur. ridet Mars putrr rt rruenta Virtus, casiircrque vagi.i r/rurx ntpinis viirantur pumi/osj'eroi'iorrx ; Stat. S. i, 6, 57 ff. Such were the roiitein|;til)li' amusement.softliisgloomy tyrant ! (;//•". 424 THE SATIRES SAT. XI ir. Quainquam cadom assidue spcctcntur proclia, ridet Nemo, ubi tota cohors pedc non est allior uno. " Nullanc pcrjuvi capitis fraiidisquc ncfandaj 175 Pa3na erit?" Abicptum credo Imnc graviore catena Protenus et nostro (quid plus vclit ira?) necari Arbitrio : manct ilia tanien jactura nee uinquani Depositum tibi sospcs evit. " Sed corpore trunco Tnvidiosa dabit minimus solatia sanguis : 180 At vindicta bonum vita jucundius ipsa." Nempe hoc indocti, quorum pra^cordia nullis luterdum aut levibus videas flagrantia causis. Quantulacumque adeo est occasio, sufRcit irie. Chrysippus uon dicet idem nee mite Thaletis 185 Ingenium dulcique senex vicinus Ilymetto, 17"2. For (/uamqHam one would ex- pect quoniam. The whole line may be spurious; it could easily be spared. R. 1?4. Capitis for the whole 'man.' Hor. Od. i, 24, 2; MAD. note on *«- . "Eorai SJj M o^yh, S^i^iS fitra XuTve Tiuu^ias ((!aivof/,iv/t3' Ari>t. Rh. ii, 2. I ; 1/ Sri TotJr lo'Tiv h h^yri . avoiy xn •ritr'n l^yn 'Ixiala'i nia. ^aaijjv t^» acr« rni IXt'ioos tcu rifiio^rifftirStii' ib. 2; s. ib ii, 5, 3. 177. ' What then ? His death does not mend the matter.' MAD. " Yet shall not the revenge, for which you long, Refund the loss or recompense the wrong," BDH. 178. 'Enviable.' LUB. 180. At, instead of et, after sed is more indicative of emotion, s. Ov. M. V, 17 f; •'507 f; vi, 612; vii, 718; R. i,>.Xa. anXcvruff^i, akXa hyiottiriTi, aXX' liiKitidfnTf I Corinthians vi, 11. See Horn. II. 2 108 ff; Arist. Rh. i, 11 ; ii, 2 ; Sen. de Ira ii, 32. HNN. 181. " Revenge, they say, — A pleasure sweeter far than life affords. Who s ay .P the fools, whose passions, prone to ire. At slightest causes, or at none, take lire." GIF. volunt quidam ex nostris (Stoics) tram in pectore moveri, effervescente circa cor sanguine, causa, cur hie potissimum adiignetur iree locus, non alia est quam quod in toto corpore calidissimum, pectus est. quibus /lumidi plus inest, eortcm paula- tim crescit ira, quia non est paratus illis calor, sed mutu acquiritur. itaque puerorumfeminarmnqueirce{s. 191 f;) acres magis, quam graves sunt leviores- qne dum incipiunt, Sf-c; Sen. de Ira ii, 19. SVL. 184. C/nysippus was a Stoic (the disciple of Cleanthes and Zeno) and so subtle a logician, that it was said, " If the gods used logic, it would be that of Chrysippus." LUB. s. Pers. vi, 80; PRA. Hor. Ep. i, 2, 4. T/tales of Miletus, MAD. was one of the seven sages of Greece. LUB. D. Laert. i; PRA. s. iv, 39, note. R. 185. " Nor that old man by sweet Hymettus' hill." This is a charming designation of Socrates by the place of his residence. The hill of Hymettus was not far from Athens: Juvenal calls it 'sweet Hymertus,' because it was much celebrated for the richness of its honey. GIF. [And I have been as- sured by a noble traveller that the honey of Hymettus is still distinguishable, by its superior flavour, from that of Parnes or Pentelicus. ED.] s. Hor. Od. ii, 6, SAT. XIII, OF JUVENAL. 4-25 Qui partem acceplae sieva inter viiicla cicutib Accusatori nollot clave. Plurima felix Paulatim vitia atque errores exuit omnes, Prima docet rectum Sapientia : quippe minuti U)0 Semper et infirmi est animi exiguique voluptas Ultio. Continiio sic collige, quod vindicta Nemo magis gaudet, quam femina. Cur tamen hos tu Evasisse pules, quos diri conscia facti Mens habet attonilos et suvdo verbcre ca^dit, 195 Occultum quatiente animo tortore flagellum .'' 14 f; MAD. Sen. de Const. Sap. 18 ; de Ira i, 13; iii, 11; Plat. Ap. Socr. and PhiEd. li. 186. " 'Midst those injurious bonds." BDH. Ciciitce; vii, 206, note. R. 187. His accusers were three, Any- tus, Lycon, and Melitu?. BRI. [Ov. lb. 561 f.] Nollet ' would have been unwilling.'" R. 188. VitfB Pli itosophin (bix,vir- ititisindagatrix, expidtrixque vitiornm ; Cic. T. Q. V, 5. PR A. 189. " Divine philosophy ! bywho^e pure light We first distinguish then pursue the right, Thy power the breast from every error frees, And weeds out all its vices by degrees: Illumined by thy beam, revenge we tiiid The abject pleasure of an abject mind." GIF. 190. Fortior est fl'; Cic. Mil. 23; Plut. 0pp. t.ii, p. 554-556; s. 174, note; i, 166 f. R. 194. Stirdo; vii, 71, note. R. The ancient poets embodied the ter- rors of a guilty conscience under the name of 'Ef/v»wis or 'Evfitvilit , and armed them with n scourge niid a pond. Iftai dip^nXdrou. //.tiroXa^i7 xivT^u i/ro ipoivaf, vro A.o/3ov Ta^trri p.a.irTiKro^Of }atou 2a- (JI.IOV {(ufjLtKou':' ) fta^v ri, vieifiapu xguoi Ix*" /Esih. Eum. 150 ff; s.Shm. fjnolcd above, h ffvnl'inrit t»)v ^pv^rit trXvrrtr Greek Proverb. Ii. .TuvciimI was evi- dently a favourite with our old writers; and tlie predilection may be (onsiilered as no slight indication of their taste and spirit. The following is a pretty close rendering of the te.xt: " There's no punishment Like that to bear the wit- ness in one's breast Of ]ier))etrated evils, when the mind Peats it witli silent stripes;" Microcosmus. GIF. ["How snart A la.sli tiiat speech doth give my conscience!" Sliaksptare H. iii, l.J 195. The metnjjhor is taken from the flogging of criminals, whose terrors are aggravated by seeing the uplifted lash of the executioner -ili.ikcn over their 4-2() Tills SATIUES SAT. XIII. Poena autcm vcliomens ac multo sivvior illis, Qiuis et Ca3dicuis gravis invcnit et Rhadamanthus, Nocte die(iiie suum geslarc in poctorc tcstem. Spartano cuidani rcspondit Pytliia vates : 200 Hand inipunituni quondam fore, (piod dubitaret Depositum rctincre et fraudein jure tueri Jurando : qua^rebat enim, qua? numinis esset Mens et an hoc illi facinus suaderet Apollo ? Redditi ergo metn, non inoribus ; et tamen omnem 205 Vocem adyli dignam templo veramque probavit Exstinctus tota pariter cum prole domoque Et, quamvis longa dcductis gente, propinquis. Has patitur pcenas peccandi sola voluntas. back. Public whipping was a common punishment of the lower orders among the Romans. Hor. Ep. 4, 11; MAD. carni f ic i n a est (egritudo ; Cic. T. Q. iii, 13. JR. Democritus said there was no man so brave that an evil eon- Bcience would not render most timorous. SVL. " Conscience does make cowards of us all;" Shaksp. Ham. iii, 1. 196. The torments of a wounded con- science are more intolerable than those of bodily suffering, s. Proverbs xviii, 14 ; MAD. Pers. iii, 39 ff; Hor. Ep. i, 2, 58. R. 197. Ceediciiis, a courtier of Nero and a cruel agent of that tyrant. Sch. A very sanguinary judge in the reign ofViteliius. LU B. s. xiv, 46. PRA. liliadamanthHS, king of Lycia, son of Jupiter and Europa, brother of Mi- nos, s. i, 10, note; PRA. Diod. S. v, 80 ; Apollod. ii, 4,11; and exc. xi, on Virg. JE. vi; (HY.) R. note on ."ja. 198. Seel, note; conscienlia mille testes; Quint. LUB. bona consckntia turbavi advocat, mala etiam in solifn- dine anxia at(jiie solicita est. si honestn sunt, f/itee facis, otnnes sciant; si tiir- pia, yuid refert neminem scire., quum tu scias ? te misermn, si coutemnes hunc testem! Sen. Ep. 43. R. Com- pare the whole of Richard's speech, commencing with " O coward con- science, how dost thou afflict me !" Shaksp. K. R. Iiid, v, 3. 199. This story is told at large in Her. vi,86. A Milesian had entrusted a sum of money to one Glaucus, a Spar- tan. After a time, the sons of the Mi- lesian came to re-demand it. Glaucus affirmed that he had no recollection of the circumstance, and sent them away. As soon as they were gone, he hastened to Delphi, to enquire whether he might safely forswear the deposit. On hear- ing the answer of the priestess, the ter- rified Spartan sent for the young Mi- lesians and restored the money. Leu- tychides, who applies this case to the Athenians, concludes thus : TXauxov vut elin ri avoyovov ItrTi ovoiv, out tavidmn cogitquc lateri. Hi sunt, qui trepidant et ad omnia lulgura pallent, C^uum tonat, exanimcs primo quoque mnrmurc ca^li ; 225 Non quasi fortuitus nee ventorum rabie sed 218. See iii, 280. MAD. adjice illos, (jid noil aliter, qiiam (jiiibus difficilis iomnus est, versa nt se et hoc at que illo inodo componunt, donee quietem lassititdine invoiiant ; Sen. de Tr. An. 2; Cat. 50, 10 ff; Prop, i, 14, 21. R. 220. St-e i, 167; LUB. Ov. Her. 7, G5ff; [lb 157 f.] 221. The ancients always held appa- ritions sacred ; and, as fear magnifies its objects, they were always fiincicd to appear larger than the life, especially in solitude, at night, and in dreams, s. Virg. JE.. ii, 772 f. {CD.) MAD. hos- tem fretjuenter ceesioii, ac pen it us in intiinas soliludincs actum, non piius destitit inseqiii (Dru.sits) r/inou species harbarce miilieris li ii m ana a mp lior, victorem tendere ultra, scrmone Latino prohibuisset; Suet, v, 1; PRA. Tac. An. xi, 21; (i.) HY, exc. xiii, on Virg. JE. i ; R. s. Her. vii, 12, 41. 222. Ipse deus somno doinitos emit- tere vocemj'ussit et invitosfacta tegenda loqui; Tib i, 9, 27 f. How much better is this, than the gloomy and unsatisfactory ideas of Lucretius upon the subject ; who, while he confe>ses the effect, endeavours to ridicule the cause ; and with the most palpable impressions'of terror on his own mind, absurdly hopes to succeed in reasoning his followers out of their well-grounded apprehensions : nee facile est placidam ac pacatnm degere vitam, qui viotat factis communia J'wdcra pads, etsi faint enim divilm genus humanun/que, perpctuo famen id fore clam diffidere debet: quippe ubi se niulti per somnia sesepc loquentes, aid morbo delirantes procruxe ferantur, el celata din in ■medium peccaia dedisse ; Lucr. v, 1 153 ff. GIF. 223. [See x, 304.] LUB. This is a vivid picture of the sense of religion bursting forth in the guilty breast, in .spite of every effort to smother and ex- tinguish it. s. Sea. N. Q. ii, 59. R. Here again it is probable that our au- thor had Lucretius in his thoughts : prce- terea, cui non animus formidine diriim contrahitur? cui non conrepunt mem- bra pavore,fulminis horribili cumplaga torrida tellus contremit, et magnum percurrunt murmura cerium ? non po- puli gentesque tremunt f regesquc su- perbi conripiunt divthn perculsi membra timore, we quod oh adinissnm fa'de dictumve superbe pwnarum grave sit solvendi tempus adactum ? v, 1217 ff. These are noble lines : and, indeed, though I feel, and have often expressed, a contempt of this author's philosophi- cal, yet I venerate his poetical, talents. The book here quoted (for example) is an unrivalled composition. In pa- thos, in energy, in richness of language, in full and genuine sublimity, it leaves every thing, I think, in the Latin lan- guage, very far beneath it. GIF. Caligula, qui dpo»tantopcre contem- neret, ad minima tonitrua et fulgura connivere, caput obvolvere, ad vero majota proripere se e strata sub lec- tumque condere solebat. peregrinatione quidem Siciliensi, irrisis multorum locorum miracnlis, repentc a Messana noctu profugit, JEtnai vcrticis fumo ac murmure pavrfactus; Suet, iv, 51 ; LUB. [Hooktr, E. P. vi, 10, p. 8.] On the contrary, see Hor. Od. iii, 2, 1 ff. R. 224. Hie murus acneus csto nil con- scire sibi, nulla pallescere culpa ; Hor. Ep. i, l,GOf. LUB. 225. That it was ' fortuitous' was the Epicurean opinion. BRI. s. Hor. S. i, 5, 101 ff; MAD. Phn. ii, 43; Sen. N. Q. vi, 3. R. SAT. XIII. OF JUVENAL. 429 Iratus cadat in teiTas et judicet ignis. Ilia nihil nocuit, cura graviore timetur Proxima tempestas, velut hoc dilata sereno. Praeterea, lateris vigili cum febre dolorera 230 Si coepere pad, missura ad sua corpora morbuni Infesto credunt a numinc: saxa deorum Haec et tela putant. Pecudem spondere sacello Balantem et Laribus cristani proniittere galli Non audent : quid enim s})erare nocentibus a^gris 235 Concessum : vel quae non dignior liostia vita ? Mobilis et varia est fcrmc natura malorum. Quum scelus admittunt, superest constautia. Quid fas ' From the violence of the winds' occasioning a collision of the clouds. Sch. MAD. Sen. N. Q. i, I ff. R. 226. Iratus ' sent by the deity in his anger:' thus iracunrla fiilniina; Hor. Od. i, 3,40. ^aKHToiiyx.of Find. N. V, 90 ; R. s. 93 ; Ov. Her. 7, 72. ' Is fraught with retributive justice.' 227. Ilia' if that fir.-^t.' LUB, 228. ' This brief respite is but the calm before the gathering storm.' With these lines compare the follow- ing fine passage : " Let the great gods, That keep this dreadful pother o'er our heads, Find out their enemies now. Tremble, thou wretch, That hast with- in thee undivulged crimes, Unwhipp'd of justice : hide thee, thou bloody hand ; Thou perjured, and thou simu- lar man of virtue. That art incestuous: catifF, to pieces shake. That under covert and convenient seeming Hast practised on man's life ! Close pent-up guilts. Rive your concealing conti- nents, and cry These dreadtul suin- moners grace ;" Sliaksp. K. Lear, iii, 2. MAD. 229. " Its burning vigil, deadliest foe to sleep, In their distemper'd frame if fever keep, Or sharp pleuritic pains their rest prevent. They deem that every god his bow has bent ! That pains and aches are stones and arrows hurl'd At bold offenders in this nether world 1" ni)n. 230. See Hor. Od. ii, S, I ff. {MI.) R. 231. Til, Kjiiriirr, drum hirrniem facts : omnia illi tela, oiiinrm iktrujc- isti poteiUiam, et, ne cuiscia. Nam qiiis JVccandi fmem ]H)suit sibi ? (luaiulo rcccpit P^jcclum scinol adtrita de lionle luborcm ? Quisnam hDininum est, quern lu contcntum videris iino Flagitio ? Dabit in lacjueum vestigia nostcr 2-j5 Perfidus et iiigri j^atietur carceris uncum Aut maris ^Egaji rupem scopulosquc frcqiicntcs Exsulibus magnis. Poena gaudebis amara 238. Perpdratu seek re, ejus magni- luilo detiiiim cog nose if ur ; Sen. SVL. s. 174, note. Such was the case in the fall of our first parents : Genesis iii, 7, us. s. INIart. xiii, 1; Diosc. ii, 175; Plut. M. 1, 4, 11. H. K. Boletus; s. v, 147. SVL. 9. ' The fig-pecker' wa.s esteemed a great delicacy. Ath. ii, 24; Plin. x, 29 or 44. (HD.^ It was the oidy bird of which epicures allowed the whole to be eaten: Gell. xv, 8; cum mr fictts a/a/, rum pascar dulcibus uris, cur po- fiu.s no/ui'ii non dcdit uva inihi? Mart, xiii, 49. PRA. 10. Literally ' the gray gullet' i. e. ' the hoary glutton.' >'o in the Apo- stle's (juotation from the Cretan poet, yarr't^tt a^ya) (, literally 'slow bellies') n;eai)s 'lazy gluttons:' Titus i, 12; MAD. s. iv, :j9. K. This is appo- silely applie;itriiin vcsligiii ducunt Et nionstvata din veUms trahit orbita culpa). Abstineas igitur dainnandis : Imjus eniin vel Una |K)lens ratio est, ne criniijui nostra sequantur 40 Kx nobis {^t^uiti : (luoniani dociles iniitandis Tnrpibns ac pravis onmes sunuis ; el Catilinani Quocuniquo in po]iulo videas, quocnnique sub axe: Sed nee Brutus erit, Hruti i;ec avuncuhis usquam. Nil dictu foidum visuque hsec liniina tangat, 45 Intra qua) puer est. Procul hinc, procul inde puella^ Lenonum et cantus pernoctantis parasiti. Maxima debetur puero reverentia. Si quid Tuq:)e paras, ne tu pueri conteniseris annos : Sed peccaturo obstet tibi tilius inCans. 50 Nam si quid dignum censoris fecerit ira Quandoque et similem tibi se uon corpora tantum hu( irXart xa) wxXou /ih'^tTi^eu yiyevas' Callim. fi". 133 ; [trXdi'llprlilrm nnstrnm ; Sen. El). 5; J. vnn rluininn aiil rilUtiH pxstruern rmiiifiic nignis, autfi-is, nliis- (fue opcrihus exornare <;l omnia pot ins rjuam semct I'isendiim efficere, id est, non divifias decori habere, sed ipsum illis flagitio esse ; Sail, de Rep. Ord. i. R. 60. The Roman floors were either paved with stone or marble, or made of a sort of stucco composed of shells reduced to powder ar.d mixed in a due consistency with water; this, when dry, was very hard and smooth. Hence pavimentum was called ostraceum or testaceum. These floors are common in Italy to this day. BRI. MAD. The Romans were very fond of adorn- ing their buildings with pillars, particu- larly their rooms of state and entertain- ment: s. vii, 182 f. The capitals of the pillars would be very apt to collect dust. MAD. 61. See Plin. xi, 24. PRA. 61. ' The polished plate, and that which is embossed.' argcnto prrfecta nt'/ue aspera siqnis porula; Virg. JE. ix, 263 ; V, 267 ; {HY.) Pers. iii, 69 f; Sch. LUB. i, 76, note; MAD. Sil. ii, 432; v, 14) ; Ov. M. xii, 236; xiii, 700. {IIS.) R. 63. " The master cries, Whips in hia hands and fury in his eyes." GIF. 65. ' The entrance hall' was usually a very filthy place; and indeed ndthing can be more so than the atria of the Italian nobility at this day. In one corner horses are tied up and fed, in another a cobbler is at work, in a third a pedlar displaying his wares, &c. »Vc. 438 THE SATIRES sAr. XIV. Ne perfusa luto sit poiticus ; et tamen uno Soiiiodio scobis lui'c einundat servulus luius. llliul non agitas, ut sanctani filiiis ouiui Adspiciat sine labe doinum vitioqiie caventeni ? 70 Gratuiu est, quod patriai civcin populoquc dedisti, Si facis, ut patria; sit idoneus, utilis agris, Utilis et bellorum et pacis rebus ageudis. Pluvinmm enira intererit, quibus aitibus et quibus huuc tu Moribus instituas. Serpente ciconia pullos 75 Nutrit et invcnta per devia rura lacerta: Illi cadem sumtis quoerunt animalia pinnis. Vultur jumento et canibus crucibusquc relictis Ad fetus properat partemque cadaveris affert. Hie est ergo cibus uiagni quoque vulturis et se 80 Pascentis, propria quum jam facit arbore nidos. Sed leporera aut capream lamube Jovis et generosae GIF. ["■ But let the house at home he ne'er so clean Swept or kept sweet from filth, nay dust and cobwebs ; If he will live abroad with his companions In dung and lej-stals, it is worth a fear;" Jonson ib. 61 ff.] 67. ' Saw-dust' was probably used among them (as it is now in the shops of London) for laying the dust while the dirt was swept away : as housemaids sprinkle tea-leaves over a carpet before they brush out the room. Our stone or brick floors are strewed with sand for cleanliness. MAD. He- liogabalus was said to strew bis gallery with gold and silver dust. HOL. s. Col. iv, 29, 16. (SGN.) R. 68. Sanciam; Hor. Od. iv, 4, 25. (BY.) R. 69. " And do you stir not, that your son may see The house from moral filth, fi-om vices, free?" GIF. 70. Ovid also unites pfifrice popido- 4jU€\ M. XV, 572; 'the state and the people.' R. BY, on Hor. Od. iii, 6, 20; proposes to read pafribus. Thus we should avoid the recurrence of the same word : but see note on xi, 144. 74. Tllis in T/iessa/ia tantiiH lionos serpeiiii/m exilio linhitus est, ni ciconiam occidere capitate sit, eailriii Irgihiis pw- na, qua in humicidas; Plin. x, 23; SVL. Plut. M. 1. 8, 7; xxvii ; PRA. Hor. Ep. i, 2 end. II. 75. Dcvia ' places out of the way ;' a«;/a' where there is no road;' invia ' impassable.' 76. Sumtis pinnis; Ov. M. iv, 561. {HS.) R. 79. [^sch. Ch. 241-245.] 80. Vultures (iv. 111;) build their nests on loftly inaccessible rocks ; Plin. X, 6; {HD.) s. P;ut. M. xx, 93; LUB.PRA. sometimes, though rarely, on trees, s. Arist. H. A. vi, 6; ix, 15. R. 81. Leporem: s. ^sch. Ag. 117 fF; qualis nbi aut leporem aut candenti corpore cycmon sustulit atta petens pedibxs Jovis armiger i/ncis; Virg. JE. ix, 563 f. ' The eagle' is represented not only as Jove's armour-bearer, carrying his thunderbolts, Plin. ii, 65; x, 3; but as executing his other behests, the carry- ing off of (iauymede for instance. L UB. Hyg. Astr. Poet. She also fed him with nectar while he was concealed in the Cretan caves: Ath, xi, 12. ROD. PRA. minister fulmitiis ales; Hor. Od. iv, 4, 1 ff; MAD. »ewf Aih K^ov/Sa* 'iia.KTo^ix' Antip. Ep. xcii; in HV, An. t. ii, p. 32; R. Aiot vrnvos xva/v, ^^(ptiyii iirif yEsch. p. V. 10.57 f; 828; (Z^/-.) Jovis satetlcs; Ace. Pr. in Cic. T. Q. ii, 10. SAr. XIV, OF JUVENAL. 439 In saltu venantuv aves : hinc prneda cubili Ponitur : inde autem, quum se matura levarit Progenies stiraulante fame, lestinat ad illam, 85 Quam primum prsedam vupto gustaverat ovo. ^dificator erat Cetronius et modo curvo Litore Caieta?, suniina nunc Tiburis area, Nunc Praenestinis in montibus alta parabat Culmina villarum Graecis longeque petitis 1)0 MaiMnoribus, vincens Forluna3 atque Herculis aedem, Ut spado vincebat Capitolia nostra Posides. Dum sic ergo habitat Cetronius, imminuit rem, 82. By ' noble birds' are meant either eagles themselves, R. or hawks, falcons, &c. LUB. 85. " The stork, with newts and ser- pents from the wood And pathless wild, supports her callow brood; And the fledged storklings, when to wing they take, Seek the same reptiles through the devious brake. The vulture snutfs from far the tainted gale. And, hurry- ing where the putrid scents exhale, From gibbets aud from graves the car- case tears, And to her young the loath- some dainty bears ; Her young, grown vigorous, hasten from the nest. And gorge on carrion with the parent's zest. While Jove's own eagle, bird of noble blood. Scours the wide champaign for untainted food, Bears the swift hare or swifter fawn away, And feeds her nestlings with the generous prey : Her nestlings hence, when from tlae rock they spring And, pinch 'd by hunger, to the quarry wing, Stoop only to the game they tasted first, When clamorous, from the parent shell they burst." This, however, is a vulgar prejudice; though Huffon and other naturalists have been misled by it. 'I'he eagle is scarcely more delicate in the choice of its food than the vulture. GIF. The preceding translation is 80 admirable, that I could notresist the pleasureof giving it entire. 86. ' Had a passion for building.' s. Flor, i, H, 4; Mart, ix, 47. H. 87. Caiffffi, now ' (iaeta,' was so called from a Laconic word signifying 'curved:' Strab. vi, p. 'MiO; or after the nurse of /Eneaa: Virg. JE. vii, 1 f. (HY.) LUIi. 89. Greeds, pretiosi (jenerismarmor exstitU Lacedeemoniitm viridi;^ cunclis- iv, 7, 82 ; qt(e hilarhts; Plin. xxxvi, 7; PRA. Stat. S. iii, 1, 5; R. xi, 17-3, note. Longe. Among other marbles, Pliny mentions the Augustan and Tiberian, (both from Egypt,) the Naxian, Ar- menian, Parian, Chian, Sicyonian, Synnadic, Numidian, &c. PRA. 90. The temple of Fortune at Pra"- neste was a noble edifice, Sch. erected by Augustus, from which oracles were delivered. Hence Fortune was called (lea Prfcnestina : Ov. F. vi, 62 ; Strab. v, p. 165; Liv. xlii, 1; Suet, iii, 63; Prop, ii, 32, 3; Cic. de Div. ii, 41 ; R. Plin. xxxvi, 22; 25. PRA. The temple of Hercules at Tibur, Sch. was built by Marcius Philippus, the stepfather of Augustus. BRl. Strab. V, p. 164; Prop. i[, 32 R. Suet, ii, 29. PRJ. 91. 'The eunuch Posides' was a freed- man of Claudius and a great favourite with that emperor, who bestowed on him some of the most honourable rewards of military merit. Suet, v, 28. Sch. Like most of the emperor's other favourites, he amassed vast wealth, which, with somewhat better taste than the rest, he lavished in building. GIF. Pliny mentions the magnificent baths erected by him in the bay of Tiaia-; xx:?i, 2. PRA. ' Our Capitols.' The plural for the singular; as in X, C5. R. There were, however, two Capitols in Rome, the old and the new, the former in the eighth di;itrict of the city, the latter in the sixth. Amm. Marc. ROD. ]5e- sides which, there were Capitols at Ca- pua, Pom])eii, I'eneventum, and other towns of Italy. AX. T. s. Sil. xi, 265. R. i4U THE SATIRES SAT. \I\' Fregit opes ; nee parva tamen mensura relictiu Partis erat : totani lianc tiirbavit filius amens, 95 Diim nioliore novas attollit niarnion' villas. Quiclain sortiti nu'lucnleni sabbata ])atieni, Nil i)ra^ter nubes et coili numen adorant Ncc distare putant Imraana carne suillani, Qua j)atcr abstinuit ; mox et piaeputia ponunt : W. Turhavit: s. vii, 129. R. 96. ' Fearful of profaning.' LUB. s. vi, 169; PRA. Pers. v, 180 ff, notes; Suet, ii, 76; Petr. xxxv, 6; Just. xxxvi, 2; R. Ov. R. A.219; ^1. V. H. xii, 35; {PZ.) Hor, S. i, 4, 142 f; KG. 101. 97. Jxdai ineiite sola nnumque n It 7)1 e » intclligunt : profmws, (jui deiim imagines jnortalibus materiis in species hominum effingant: sum mum illwl et aeternum neque mutahile ne- que inter it II ru m : igitur nulla si- mulacra urbihus sitis, nedum templis sinunt ; Tac. H. v, 5.. For a similar reason Aristophanes caricatured So- crates as a cloud-worshipper. L UB. avoif IF raii 'liporeXvfiaif ir^or' app^i t ev it ifi xai inia Qiov vo/z'i'i^cfTis iJtai vt^irceTctTO. atfi^uTc^v 6^niixivev(ri xai aurai nuf ri fiiyivTOV *a< TipiKak\iirTa- T»», ^Xnt Ka6 offov a^at'/is t! xa) uvMootpa; v», V(,tiratriaai Dio xxxvii, 17. Petro- nius says of the Jew, el cieli summas advocat auriculas] fr. p. 683. L. Our author, though sensible enough to laugh at the deities of pagan Rome, had not the wisdom to understand the one true God. He was to ,Tii venal, as to the Athenians, aytuffras Ms' Acts xvii, 23. For '' Ihe world by wisdom knew not God;'' i Cor. i, 21. MAD. A truth which should sink deep into our minds. Tacitus, after the sublime description above given, carelessly turned from a Being ' immutable, in- comprehensible, omnipotent, and eter- nal,' as a mere visionary creation of the Jews, and humbled himself before the impure and brutal idols of his own country. Dio, after the lofty and energetic languajre he has used, was unable to perceive the superior under- standing of the Jews in worshipping a Being ' ineffable and invisible,' instead of the stocks and stones before which he himself bowed down. He dismisses the one true God from his thoughts, and insults His worshippers as a weak and credulous n;ition ! Thus the attri- butes of Jehovali, though repeated by the wisest of the heathens after the Jews, conveyed no ideas to their minds. It is to revelation only that we are indebted for just and rational con- ceptions on the subject: and if the deists of modern times have more dis- tinct and adequate notions of the Divine Being, than Tacitus and Dio and Juve- nal ; it is still to the manifestations which he has been plea'ied to make of himself, that they owe them, however prejudice or pride may operate to pre- vent the acknowledgement. GIF. By innuen cadi is meant that ' the material heaven' (" The blue ajtherial sky;" Addison, Psalm xix;) ' is their deity.' MAD. This gross conception of the Romans arose from the Jews having no visible representation of the Deity. Romanorum primus Cn. Poinpeius Ju- dfcos domttit: tcmplumque jure victoricE ingressus est. inde vulgatum., nulla in- tus dcAm effigie vacuum sedem et inania arcana ; Tac. H. v, 9. GIF. Unless we can suppose it to have originated in the narrative of ' the cloud' which appeared on Mount Sinai, and of the pillar of cloud,' which, as a symbol of the Divine presence, conducted the Israelites on their march by day. BRI. Exodus xiv. &c; xxiv, '&c ; Psalm xcvii, 2. 98. Leviticus xi, 7; Tac. H. v, 4; PRA. vi, 159. LUB. [An argument therefore against St Peter's belief in transubstantiation may be derived from comparing St Mark xiv. 22-24; with Acts X, 13 f.] 99. ' They adopt circumcision,' Sch. Genesis xvii, 10 ff; Deuteronomy xi, 16; ut diversitate nosrantur; Tac. H. V, 5; T'ers. v, 184. PRA. SAT. XIV OF JUVENAL. 441 100 Romauas autem soliti contemnere leges, Judaicum ediscunt et servant ac metuunt jus, Tradidit arcano quodcumque volumine Moses : * Non monstrare vias, eadem nisi sacra colenti ; ' Quaesitum ad fontem solos deducere verpos.' 105 Sed pater in causa, cui septiiua quajque fuit lux Ignava et partem vit^ non attigit ullam. Sponte tamen juveues imitantur cetera: solara 100. Exodus xxiii, 24. Mi4D. Moses, quo sibi in postermn gentcm Jirmaref, novos ritus contrariosque ceferis morta- libits indidit : prqfana illic omnia, quce apiid nos sacra ; rursum concessa apud illos, qucB nobis incesta; Tac. H. v, 4; nee quidquam prius imbtnintur, qiiam contemnere deos ; exuere patriam ; pa- rent-ps, lihcros^ fraires, vilia habere; ib. 5; Plin. xiii, 4. R. 102. Tradidit. [From this if appears that tradition might be written as well as oral; s. ii Thessalonians ii, 15; (nn.) iii, (J; i St Peter i, 18.] A copy of the Pentateuch, or five books of Moses, was kept (as it is to this day) in every synagogue, locked up in a press or chest (area), and never exposed to sight, unless when brought out to be read at the time of worship : at the conclusion of the ser- vice, it was returned to its place and again locked up. MAD. ' Volume.' Her. i, 125, note [25]. 103. Apud ipsos misericordia iti promtu, sed adversus omnes alios hostile odium; separati epulis, [Genesis xliii, 32;] discreti cubilibus; Tac. H. v, 6 ; 8. Cic. Off. iii, 55; I'HA. ib. i, 15; Diph. in Ath. vi, 9; St Matthew v, 43. R. On the contrary, ' the volume of Moses' inculcates justice and hu- manity to strangers by the most forcible and pathetic appeals to the feelings of the people: s. Exodus xxii, 21; xxiii,9; 12; Deuteronomy xxiv, 14-22. Where ' the stranger' is associated by Moses with the two most interesting ob- jects of human kindness, ' the fatherless' and' the widow.' s. also Leviticus xix,9 f; 33 f; xxv, 35; Deuteronomy i, Hi; X, )H f. Our author was confessedly :us ignorant of the laws its of the practic(?s of the Jews; nil that he says amounts to nothing more than the old charges apainst them, which had been refuted 3 again and again. Even while he was writing, Joscphus hid noticed and re- pelled them : finvuuy Ss xa) ras ilout foli teytteuri, xai firi yiXuTa ^tiQenfiitsuf auTo7{ i/iToS'i^eiv, K T X. A. J. iv, S, 31 ; i\ihi'icti mvii^a-rSii o'l o\ ■r^itrji-jri^oi dnXiuh^ci. Sui(nV 'Iheopli. Ch. xi, end. R. Lucian also thus describes another sordid old fellow, who has just come home after dining out, a^i6fjt,u irapaXafiuv ra x^ia. iriaa rui vati) xar- iTiv tcruiri •Xtt.^oihiluxsi xa) 'frKrufnifO,- filvat iviutXiUs rfi ut' ixiinou, xahiidti. CS. This use of que resembles the use of «/ between mutta ami another adjective: notes 71 on Her. vii, 9; and 67 on Her. viii, 61. Siluro ; iv, 33 ; PRA. imcr^iv fflXeu- {»»■ Sep. and Diod. in Ath. vi, 4 ; and 9. B. 133. See iii, 293, note; MAD. Plin. xix, 6. PRA. There are fibres re- sembling threads which hang down- wards from the bottom of a leek. These the miaer is so stingy as to lock up, after having first counted them. The epithets, fectivum and sectile are given to that sort of leek, from its being usual to cut or shred it into small pieces before it was mixed with other articles of food. MAD. 134. De ponte; iv, 116; v, 8; SM. Sen. de V. B. 25 ; Mart, x, 5, 3 ; Ov. lb. 418. R. 135. See Hor. S. i, 1, 70 fF. Under- stand liabes or possides : thu« (/no tan- tam pecuniam? Cic. Verr. ii, 2, 55; yiiu mi /u fort If nam, si non conceditur itti? Hor. Ep. i, 5, 12. R. 136. Danda est hellebori multo pars maxiiiin avaris ; tiescio nn Anticyram ratio iilis destinct omnem ; Hor. S. ii, 3, 82 f ; PRA. s. xiii, 97, note. 137. Avaritia vero senilis quid sibi velit, non intelligo : potest cnim esse quidquam absurdius, quam quo minus vice restat, eo plus viatici qucerere ? Cic. Sen. 65. PRA. 139. Crescenfem sequitur cura pe- cuniam majoruniqiie fames ; Hor. Od. iii, 16, 17 f; LUB. just as crescit indulyfns sibi dirus hydrops ; Hor. Od. ii, 2, 13 ff ; {Ml.) MAD. Sen. de Ben. 27; Ep. 94; 119; cr ever unt et opes et opum furiosa cupido ; et cum possideant plurima plura volunt : queerere, ut absumant, abstnnta requirere certant ; atque ipsa; vitiis sunt alimenta vices : sic, quilnts intumuit snffusa venter ab 7(nd/iia tunc jugera populo Ronifino satis erant^ nuiliqxe majorem modum attribitil [Ro- mulus): quo servos paulo ante principis Neronis, contemtis hujus sputii virida- riis, piscinas j'uvat habere niajores ; gratutuf/ue., si non aliguem et culinas; PlLn. xviii, 2; centuriis vocahuliim da- tum, ex eo est, qnum antit/ui Romani agrum ex husle capluni victori pnpulii per Una jugera partili sunt, centcnis hominibus ilncenta jugera dederunt, et ex Itocjacto centurin juste appellata est ; Sicul. Fl. de Cond. Agr. i, [p. 16;] Col. V, 1, 7; Prop, iv, 11. (F,CA.) K. 166. ' To come short of what it held out.' MAD. vi, 449; Ov. F. ii, 408. {HS.) R. See Plin. xviii, 2. FAY. The words glebula, casa, and trnus vernula are all indicative of the ancient frugality. 168. Children of difierent ranks used to be playmates in ancient times, s. Her. i, 114. 169. ' Three young masters.' Plant. Capt. pr. 18; licet non heredcs sint, domini sunt; Paul, ii, to Sab. R. 170. ' From digging or ploughing.' FAY. Understand parabatur. Sch, 171. See xi, 58. 173. See i Timothy vi, 9 f ; PRA. f/uid tion mortnlia pectora cogis, auri sacra funics ? Virg. jE. iii. 56 f; LUB. Claud, xxii, 111 ti"; E. clihh yu^ dvi^u- •jreiffiv ciov ci^yvoe} xaxiv vti'ui; /.r/i. ib.20; Hop. S. ii, 2, 1 7 f; Ii. T«» aoret n/io" Ten t-ri^uciot otiiu riftit TO Kaff hui^af .St Luke xi, 3. 1x2. f.iljir rf filiiin C'cres, veslro >i rnii/ierfi Irl/its ('linrminui piu'jtii (jlandnn nwtavit nrUla ; V irg. G. i, 7 &c ; Gil A. pruttquam Ceres invenil friimenfa ; cum antea ylande vescerentur \ Plin. vii, 56; Ov. F. i. 671 ff; iv, 395 ff; ?RA. s. vi, 10 tr. HAD. 185. Cicero makes an admirable use of this sentiment: qua in re prcetereo illud, (juod milii majcimo argumento ad hiijus innoccntiain •poterat esse, in liac horrida incultaque vita isdusmodi /iia/e- ficia gigni ?ion so/ere. in urbe luxuries creatur : ex fi/xitria exsis/at auarif/a, necesse est : ex avarilia crumpat au- dacia ; inde omnia see/era. vita autem hcee ruslica, qiiam tu agreslem vocas, parsimoni f. 245. Cicero applies to avarice the ejiitbet r/r^/(7/.v; ]''in. iii, 11. R. 24G. The particle of comparison is omittefl here, as it is elsewhere very fre.pientlv; 229 IV; Hor. Ep. 1,2, 31 and 42 ; '.i, 19 Ac. R. 45-2 T11J<: SATIRES SAT. XIV. In cavca magno freniitu loo toilet alumnus. Nota niatlicnuilicis genesis tiia : sod grave tardas Exs]iectare coins. Moru'iis stamine nondum 250 Abrnptd. Jam nnnc obstas et vota moraiis : Jam lorquot juvenem longa et ccrvina sencctus. Ocius Archigenen qiucre atque erne, (juod Mitlnidates Composuit, si vis aliam dccerperc ficum Atque alias tractave rosas. Mcdicamcn habendum est, 255 Sorbcre ante cibum quod debeat et patcv et rex. Monstro volnptatem egregiam, cui nulla theatra, Nulla square queas prtetoris pul})ita lauti, This alludes to a reiil incitlciit, wliicli occurred under Doinitian, and is thus related by IMartial: Iceserat iiKjrdfo Ico perjidiis ore !iiagisfrum,ausus turn iio/as coniemerare mantis: sed li/ipias tanto pcmolvit crinime pu'tias, ct f/id nmi tnlerat verhera, tela tidit ; Sp. x. L UB. From the mention of I'erbera it appears that the keeper had wantonly irritated the natural ferocity of the animal. This renders the application inlinitely more striking. GIF. 24". Lio nliiniHUs; s. Ov. 1\I. iv, 421; {HS.) R. /Esch. A?. (j[)() ff. 248. See iii, 43; vi, 553 If, notes. ' Your son will have your nativity cast ; and, if he find you are likely to stand long in his way, he will contrive ways and means to break short the thread of your life.' 11: Mat/iematicis: s. Suet. iv,57; xi,9. PEA. (Irafp, flu fiijDii; rt xoluvh xki ^ar^os afavuTov'. Srrat. Ep. Ixxii, 4, m JJC, An. t. ii, p. 376. jR. Nimiiim stamen; x,252; Ii. s. iii, 27. PR A. 251. Stags are said to live for nine centuries! Seh. The poet might also have said corvina; s. x, 247 ; LUD. I'ivfuv cei-iH/s; Virg. E. vii, 30. Tliropltrnstus niunens arcususse na- turn in (licit ur ; t/iioilcerris et cnrniciljiis vitatn (liiiturnfitn, r/Koriini id nihil inter- essel; huntiniljiis, ijuorum majeime in- lei'/uisnet, tarn ejcignam vitatn dcdis-sct. aiiorum si rvtas /joti/isset esse lor.gin- niiior, fiiturtan J'uisset nt omni/j'ts pcr- jfrctis nrtibuSf oinni doctrinn liominiitn vita erndiretiir; Cic. T. Q. iii, (>9 ; rita f-ervis in con/esso longa, post centum an- nus aliqiiihus eaptis cum. tor(/uibns au- rcis, f/iws Alexander addidcrat, ado- jmrtisjavi cute in magna obesitate ; Plin. viii, 32 or 60 end; Plut. M. xxx. PRA. s. Arist. H. A. ix, C. It. In the caldron, which was to renovate old ^son, we find Medea putting, among a thousand other nameless ingredients, vivacisjecur cervi; quibus insnper addit ora capnfque tiovem cornicis scecida passce; Ov. M. vii, 273 f; ier binos deriesqne novem super exit in annos justa scnescentum quos implet vita v i- r r n m. has novies superat vivcndo garrii/a comix': et quatcr egreditur cornicis seecula cervus: alipedem cerviim ter vincit corvus: et ilium multiplicat novies phoenix reparabilis nles : qnum vos pcrpetuo decies prcerer- titis (t'vo, nytuphai Hamadr ;/ades, quaruin Inngi.ssima vita est; Aus. Id. xviii, I if; {ADD, Dial, on Med. t. i, p. 448.] 252. See vi, 236; GCl ; LUB. x, 2/4. 255. ' If a father brings up his chil- dren badly, he has as much to dread from them, as a tyrant from his sub- jects.' BRI. Mithridates was besieged by his son ['harnaces, at the time when he was slain (at his own request) by a G;illic soldier, x, 273; Liv. ep. cii ; App. R. xi, 10!) ff; Plut. V. xxxii, p. (i4 1 ; Dio x.xxvii, 10-14 ; Gell. xvii, 16 ; Oros. vi, 5; (FC.) Aur. Vict, v, 1 ; 76. Ii. 256. "A scene more comic than the stage e'er knew." GJF. 257. See x, 36 ff; PRA. xi, 192. R. Pucr lautus; Pcrs. vi, 23. R. SAT. XIV. OF JUVENAL. 4.53 Si species, quanto capitis discrimino constent Increiuenta domus, serata multas in area 260 Fiscus, et ad vigilem ponendi Caslora uumi, Ex quo Mars Ultor galeam quoque perdidit et res Non potiiit servare suas. Ergo omnia Florie £t Cereris licet et Cybeles auhea relinquas: Tanto niajores humana negotia ludi. 265 An magis oblectant aninium jactata petauro 258. Morte constare; Caes. B. G. vii, 19. R. 259. Area; s. xiii, 74; Hor. S. i, 1, G7. MAD. 2(i0. Fiscus was properly ' a wicker basket,' which answered the purpose of ' a cantas bag.' R. It was anciently the custom, says an old scholiast on Thucydides, to deposit their money in the temple for the gods to keep. Some unlucky wight, however, might have asked with our author on aootber occasion : ' But wlio shall keep the keepers ?' (vi, 34 7 f;) for it appears that both gods and money were some- times swept away together! The public treasure was laid up at Rome in the temple of Saturn, ' because,' says Ma- crobius, ' when Saturn reigned in Italy, robbery was unknown.' The money continued there pretty safe, unless from the clutches of such mighty robbers as Julius Cajsar, fince a good guard was constantly stationed at the doors. ("Whence the epithet iwV//. BRO.) In- dividuals kept their money in the tem- ple of Mars, which stood in the Forum of Augustus ; (hence our author says ut jnaximn toto nostra sit arcnforo ; x, 24 f; MAD.) but after the misfortune which befcl this poor god, whom our satirist, with the bitterest sarcasm, rlniiro: tifterno.tf/iir cient mollis ; eliitus et ipse nunc Jncrl, ntijue hiijiis ra.su .siis/irndi/iir illr ; v. 433 fV; SCA. PRA. ir'tTav^ci wns a board set up against the wall, on which 454 THE SAT1RI<:S SAT. XIV. Corpora quuiuc* solot rectum dcsceudcre funeui ; Qiuun III, Corvcia scnijH'r qui jnqijie moraris At([uc habitas, Coro scuiper tollcndus ct Austro, Perditus ac vilis sacci incrcator olentis ; 270 Qui gaudes pingiie anti([iuc do litoro Creta) Passuin et municipcs Jovis advexisse lagenas? llic lamcn aucipili figons vestigia planta Victum ilia mercede parat, hruinaiiKpie famcmque • III tlu> text of his wcoud oilitimi (Tjips. 1819.) i?, Iuih Bubstitntoil pe for t/ni, without noticiiisi tho chimt;e cither in tlio V;irious Readings or in the Annotations ; nor Joes the word occur in his Index. fowls fly up to roost at night. QRA. From all thi.s it woulJ seem th;it there were various feats of agility designated by thi.s same name, s. Fetr. 47 ; 63 ; GO; 13, fr; and Festus. See also .\v, 93 ff. R. 26G. ' The tight-rope dancer.' s. BU, Anth. Lat. iii, Ep. 179; WF, P. L. Min. t. vi, p. 569 f; Prud. Hamart. 3G8 ff; Nyceph. Greg. H. Byz. viii, 10, p. 214 tt'; Firmic. viii, 17; Manil. V, 650 ft". R. 267. C'ori/cus or Coryciuii was a town and mountain of Crete. FAY. The Cretans were anciently much engaged in merchandize, s. Hor. Od. i, I, 13; 35, 7; {Ml.) Mart, iii, 65, 2; ix, 39, 5; xi, 9, 2. R. 268. Corns, which the Greeks call Z'pliijrus and Arqe.stcs: Plin. ii, 47; PRA. s. X, 180. R. 269. ' Irreclaimable' or ' desperate.' It does not follow from this mode of designating the cargo, that it con.sisted of articles offensive to the smell. It merely expresses the author's thorough contempt for such luxuries and super- fluities as men risked their lives to pro- cure, in order thereby to amass rapid fortunes. 270. ' Rich raisin wine,' a sort of Malmsey ; ex uvis passis in preelo rompressis effluit et eonditmu vasculo mcUis mure servatiir; Col. xii, 39; FAY. pas sum nominnbant.^ si in vin- demia uvam diutitis coctam legerent, eamque passi cssenf a sole adnri \ Varro de V. P. il. i ; PRA. Virp. G. il, !l.^ ; ^aoa'Pu/ycaiei; . u; (^niTi T\o\v^io( i> T« iKTn . arii^nrai yi/rai^i ^imv oivat, TO* 01 KuXivfiitov vuffret •jtivoutiV tovto il XMirai //.\» Ik trii airraf'iiot, *aJ tirri va^ccvXniriot vivo/jitvii tu hiyotrhiir:} yXuKii xa) Tu K^vtiicu' Ath. x, 11; Plin. xiv, 9; Mart, xi'ii, 106; JEU V. H. xii, 31. R. Dilecta Joi'i Crcta vetus ; Luc. iii, 184 ff. PRA. Countries and cities prided themselves, no less than families, on their antiquity. Virg. JE. i, 12 ; 375; 531. {IIY.) It. 271. Mu/iiripcs; s. iv, 33. Jupiter was a native of Crete. FAY. testa mi/n/ccjis Sibi/lUe, i. e. ' Cuman ;' Mart, xiv, 1 14, 2 ; lacernee Cadmi mimicipes^ i. e. ' Tyrian ;' id. x, 87, 10.^ R. The expression originated in a Xoi^xa; ^Ttfii- Ttis oS' eVt Ifiis- Arist. Ach. 314 ; OR A. where Dicseopolis produces ' a coal basket,' which he facetiously describes a.s ' the fellow-burgher' of the Achar- nians. MIT. Crete indeed boasted of being the burial-place, as well as the birth-place, of Jupiter : whose tomb the. inhabitants pretended to show. Calli- maohus, however, seems inclined to deprive them of both these claims. The first he disputes rather faintly; but for the second, he rebukes them with a solemnity bordering on the sublime: " The Cretans and Arcadians boast of having given tliec birth:" trin^oi, jraTtj, i^lv/rctvTo; Kf?r£f a.i) -^ivrTcti' (Titus i, 12; PRA.) xa.) ya,^ rd^ov, u> ata,, iruo KjiJxE; iTix,Triva.vro' cu V ol fid»is, tirvi yap ain. GIF. 'ilie tdgcna; were not only ' flagons' in which the wine was brouglit into their dining-parlours, but also ' flasks' in which it was kept in their cellars. Petr. 22; R. s. vii, 121; Pers. iii, 92. 273. Friijiis i/Ko diiranKjUC fniiirm dijirllerr jiossit; Hor. S. i, 2, 6. Sell. SAT. XIV. OF JUVENAL. 455 Ilia reste cavct : tii proiiler mille talenta 275 Et centum villas temerarius. Adspice portus, Et plenum magnis trabibus mare: plus hominum est jam In pelago : vcniet classis, quocumque vocarit Spes lucii, nee Carpathium Gtetulaque tantum iEquora transsiliet, sed, longe Calpe relicta, 280 Audiet Herculeo slrideutem gurgite solem. Grande operse pretium est, ut tenso folle reverti Inde domum possis tumidaquc superbus aluta Oceani monstra et juvencs vidisse marinos. Non unus mentes agitat furor. Ille sororis 285 In manibus vultu Eumenidum terretur et igni : Hie bove pcreusso mugirc Agameranona credit 274. In round numbers £200,000. HOL. 275. ' Foolhardy.' GIF. impigcr ex- tremos curris yiiercator ad Int/os, per mare pauperiem fugieiis, per saxa, per ignes; Hor. Ep. i, 1, 45 f; PR A. afatrat ya^ ovTot aKTnv xai vavra. aiyia- Xo», us tiXiTt, oiipiutncrafiivoi x,a,ff i.x.a.aro') iVa;, o'v/'S tov (lirtTu^ov ii; t^v ccvruJv iirxi'iarn' J^uc. Tox. t. ii, p. 511. KG. 276. Cava trabc eurr/mus eequor; Virg. M. iii, 191; MAD. Pers. vi, 27. As we should say, " all the world goes to sea." MAD. 278. ' The Carpathian sea' was be- tween Rho«r/3', aTOKTivcvr! fj! ai xmei- iridft, yo^yuvts 1 Wipoiv "ipiai. Olitai itai. HA. cuToi /j,%6ri(^u' ^i^pii ifi^Xi^ar if/,ii» tr^ntu ff% crvooiv durru^ti 'Xrion/J.aTa. OP. f^tfflf fit OVffOt TWV l/JLU)V tLPtViVUy, f/.lff6¥ ft o^fitt^iii, a; (iuXri; li( Ta^ra^ov' (Should not the order (4' these lines be:' 254 f; 200 f; 25K f; 25(i f; HI).) Eur. Or. 254 ff. PRA. Juven.il probably had this passage in hi.s view. /{. s. Hor. S. ii, 3, 1.32 ff. 285. * 'J'he Furies' b;niiiti-d liim in consequence of his having slain his mother Clyt;eninestra. They were called Kiimenides by aiitipbrasis. I'll A. They were the daugiiters of Acheron and N ox. MAI). 2b(J. AJn.t became insane after the arms of Achilles were awarded to Ulysses; and in his madness committed 15(i 171 E SATIRI^S SAT. XIV. Ant llhacum. Parcat tunicis licet atquc lacernis, Curatoris cget, (jui iiavoni mcrcibus ini])let Ad siimimmi hitus rt tabula distinguitur unda; 2!)0 Qiunn sit causa mali tauti ct disciiniinis hujus Concisnm argcntum in titulos facicsquc minutas. Occnrnint nubcs ct fulgura. " Solvite funeni !" Frunienti douiinus claniat ]>i])eiisque cocmti ; " Nil color liic coeli, nil fascia nigra ininatur; 295 yEstivum tonat." Infelix hac forsitan ipsa Nocte cadet fraclis trabibus fluctuque premetnr Obrutus et zonam laeva morsuquu tcnebit. Sed cujus votis modo non suffecerat aurum, Quod Tagus et rutila volvit Pactolus arena, 300 Frigida sufficient velantes inguina panni Exiguusque cibus, mersa rate naufragus asscm Duin rogat et picta so tempestate tuelur. great havoc among the herds and fioc-ks of the Greeks, mistaking them for his enemies. FA Y. Soph. Aj. PR A. vii, 115, note; x, 84; R. s. Hor. S. ii, 3, 187 ff. 287. It hams; x, 257; MAD. xv, 26 ; for Ithaclus or Il/tarensis, the pos- sessive: as in XV, 23; 115; 122; Sil. i, 14; 252 ; xvi, ISO. R. 288. A man, though he may not he raving mad, cannot he considered in his right mind, whom nef///e fenudus cEstus dimoveat lucro, neqne kiems, ignis, mare, ferrum ; to whom, in short, nil obstat; Hor. S. i, 1, 38 ff. A lunatic had guardians assigned hira by the praitor: inlerdicto hnic o»ine adimat JUS j)rfi't(/r, et ad satios ahcat fxdela prupiiKjiios; id. S. ii, 3, 217 f; PRA. curatoris erjct a prcetore dati; id. Ep. i, 1, 102 f. 289. See xii, 57 ff. FA Y. 291. A periphrasis for money. LUB. Plin. xxxiii, 3; PRA. Cato p. G9. (SC'A.) R. [Thus the diminutive a^yu^'ia, is used for ' money.' s. also ADU, Dial, on Med. t. i, p. 421.] 292. ' Throw off the halser!' Virg. ^. V, 77-i.{HY.) R. 293. ' Uo;,pht up;' that by the mo- nopoly he might make the more. MAD. 294. ' A dark belt of clouds resting on the horizon.' s. Plin. xviii, 35. PRA. 295. ' It is but a summer tliunder- shower.' Plin. ii, A3. PRA. 29(). Hac ipsa /tora; x,7^>; Ii. aif^ovl TavTTi Tn vukt) tnv -^t/^vy irov airaiToutn oLfTa icilii> : so- lolcm (labil ill'i rupancm Naryiia; piris, fitil Artrri iiifllis Ili/mrUi, aid habilciii li/mpliis huiiiiiliiiii, Uarrhovrl iigcnnm:, Col. X, 3H.-> ff ; T. Nil/. niiO. Cato do R. R. Nicomt'ditB vastissiniiim inrrn- iliinii mnltfis doinos nhsinimit . ..iiitllim usf/iiam .si/10, niiltn linnm, iiuHuiu ilriii- .) Hist. Aug. p. 497. (CS.) li. Vigilarr; Ilor. S. i, I, 7<> ff. I'RA. 30(5. Lirinus; i,10'.); Scii. Sen. Kji. 119 f; Dio liv; SueU ii, 67; Sidon. Ep. V, 7. R. 307. Electro : s. v, 38. Sj/iinas (or Synnada [Claud, xx, 273 ;]), in Phrygia, was famous for its marble. Tib. iii, 3, 13 ; [HY. BKH.) Ov. F. iii, 529; {HS.) Plin. xxxv, ); Capit. Gord. iii, 32 ; R. [Mart, ix, 76, 8; Stat. S. i, 5,37.] 308. See xi, 123; 95. PRA. These ' casks' or ' tubs' were not of wood but of baked clav. Plin. xxxv, 12 ; D. Laert. vi, 2, p. '137. (MEN.) R. 309. ' Of Diogenes.' Sch. s. xiii, 122, note ; Pers. i, 133. PRA. The Cynics used to leave one arm and shoulder bare, their cloak being thrown over the other. SM. [s. iii, 88.] 310. * Put together with solder.' LUB. 311 t,v Tu Kjavsja riXiaufiivta ahiSf (i. 0. DiojTflie-^) 'AXs^awSjaf er/JTaf (p»(r<» " fuTntov ft't « fi'iXtii." Ku) Of " Mi«JO»" iiriv " aro rov fiKiou f^irarTiifii." tt^et roUTO Xiyirai tcv 'AXs^avS^aw o'ijtu S/aii- ^ijvai xa) 6auf/,aiTai >caTxppov>tPivra 7»)y vripo^ia* Kx) TO /jt.'tyi^o; tou ayiioif, utTl TaiM rrioi avTOii, oji carr.Kruv, Oiacyi- Xcuvrcot KO.) VKwrTutTctH, '" ' hXXa /ui\* lyu uri; " 1/ fin 'AXi^avi^»t tlf^HH, Aityinrif «» i)*l»''' I'lut. V. xxxiii, t. i, p. (i/l ; 1). Latrt. vi, 2, (i. PRA. This is alluded to by Hutler witli his usual humour: " The whole world was not half so wide To .'Virxaiidor, when he cried Hccmusi' lie had lail kiic to sul due, As was a narrow piillry tidjto Dingcnes; \* ho is ijiit said (For ought that e\('r I could road) To whine, put tin^''r i' th' eve, and sob, Mecause h' h^\il ne'er another tub;" Hud.i,3, 1021 ff. (JlF. u. Af)ul. Aj). i. R. 313. See X, KJH. SVL. 3 .\ 458 THE SATIRES SAT. XIV, Passurus gestis roquanda pericula rebus. 315 Nulluiu iiimien Iiabes, si sit pviulcntia: nos te, Nos I'acinuis, Fortuna, deam. Mcnsura lamen qua? Snfriciat census, si quis nic consulat, edam : In quantum sitis atque fames et IVigora poscunt, (Quantum, Epicure, tibi ])arvis sudecit in hortis, 320 Quantum Socratici ceperunt ante pcnates. Numquam aliud Natura, aliud Sapientia dicit. Acribus exemplis videor te claudere : misce Ergo aliquid nostris de nioribus ; efTice summam, Bis septem ordinibus quam lex dignatur Othonis. 325 Haec quoque si rugam trahit extenditque labelluni ; Sumc duos equitcs, fac tcrtia quadringenta. Si nondum implevi gremium, si panditur ultra : Nee CroDsi fortuna umquam nee Persica regna Sufficient animo nee divitiae Narcissi, 315. Seex, 3G5 f. LUB. 317. Edam; i, 21. 318. See Hor. S. i, 1, 73 ff. " What riches give us let us first enquire; Meat, flrink, and clotlies : — what more? meat, clothes, and fire ;" Pope Kth. Ep. iii, 81 f. " Having food and raiment let us be therewith content;" 1 Timothy vi, 8. MAD. In (jnantnin: s. Anacr. iii, 25; (BAX.) Plin. Ep. x, 75; Ov. M. xi, 7; V. Pat. i, 9; (RK.) R. 319. Epicurus, xiii, 122 f, notes. PRA. 320. Socratici penates for Socrates ; who, owing to his temperance and abstemiousness, is said to have been the only Athenian who entirely escaped when the plague visited that city. D. Laert. LUB.' Pers. iv, 2 ff. PRA. 321. Virtus secundum natnram est, vitia in/mica et inj'csfa sunt; Sen. Ep. 50 ; PRA. si ad naturaui vives, num- quam eris pauper; si ad opinioncm, numrjuum dives; ib. 16; R. s. Pope Eth. Ep. iii, 25 f. MAD. '■i22. Tli^ii^T(^tr^iti ffi xa) irunXavm* a frttii' Euf. Hermof. (J.J. R. 324. Notes on iii, 154; LUB. i, 105; Plin. xxxii, 2; V. Pat. ii, 32; (RK.) Suet, vi, 11 ; {TO.) Mart, v, 39. R. Dignatur. It was the money and not the man, that the law of Otho conferred the distinction upon. R. 325. ' If this make you frown and pout,' MAD. as a spoilt child. 32(5. See Pers. vi, 75-80. ' The third four hundred :' 1200 ses- tertia were a senator's estate ; Suet, ii, 41; Diolv; Plut. V. xlv. II. 327. See vi, 215; [Her. vi, 125.] " Good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over, shall men give into your bosom;" St Luke vi, 38 ; Isaiah Ixv, 6 f. MAD. " Wherewith the mower f i 1 leth not his hand, nor he that bindeth sheaves his bosom;" Psalm cxxix, 7; "The lot is cast into the lap."" Proverbs xvi, 33. 328. Croesus; x, 274. PRA. [The mighty empire of Persia, founded by Cyrus, extended from the Indus to the Mediterranean, and from the Caspian and Euxine seas to the Persian gulf and the ocean. A W.] The kings of Persia (especially Darius and Xerxes, .if) Ix, p. 688; c. Plin. xxxiii, 10. SJB. PRA. R. 330. The state of dependence in which this moon-calf was kept by these minions is sarcastically alluded to by Seneca, in a passage of exquisite humour : ejccan- descit Claudius : quid diceret, nemo in- telligebat. ilte aiitem Febrim ducijube- bat^ illogestu solutes manus,quo decol- lare homines sulcbat.jusserat dlicollum prcecidi. putares omnes illius esse li- bertos, adeo ilium nemo cura- bat; Apokol. [p. 704.] GIF. 331. Mirum inter lia:c silentium C'laudii ; nempc cum indrfcnsa conjux exitio daretur: omnia liberto obediebant. . . .ac ni ceedem ejus Narcissus prope- rarisset, verterat pernicies in accusato- rem : et cum imperatoris languescere iram,aiiiorein redire audisset , prorupit Narcissus denuntiatque centurionibus et tribuno, qui aderant, ejt'sequi ceedem, ^•c; Tac. xi, 26-38; and again: nee enim Claudius Messalinam uxorem, qui nupsit Silio, interjecisset, nisi pro- perusset index, delator adulterii, et quodamtnodo imperator ceedis. Nar- cissus ; s. X, 330 ft'; PRA. Suet, v, 26 ; 29 ; 39 ; Tac. xi, 12. R. The two accusers of the profligate empress were not more fortunate. Narcissus pre- served his influence during the life of Claudius, but on the accession of Nero, Agrippina, whose designs he had en- deavoured to thwart, threw him into prison ; and, by a detestable refinement in cruelly, compelled him, through mere want of sustenance, to put an end to his own life. A strange catastrophe for one who had seen the resources of the Roman world at his feet. For Pallas, see i, 109. GIF. S A r 1 II E XV. ARGUMENT. In this Satire, which was written after the author's return from Egypt, he ilirects his ridicule at the sottish and ferocious bigotry of the natives. The enumeration of their animal and vegetable gods is a fine specimen of dignified humour; 1 ..13; and though he may be thought to treat the actors in the horrid transaction, which makes the chief subject of his poem, with too indiscriminate a severity, yet it should be considered that he had, for many justifiable causes, long regarded the country and the countrymen of Crispinus with aversion: which was not much diminished, we may presume, by a nearer view of both. GIF. When he asserts, in general terms, the cannibalism of these ferocious enthusiasts, 13 ; he is fully aware of the scepticism of those who hear such stories for the first time ; 1 3.. 26; but he gives an example which had actually occurred recently, in the religious feuds of the Tentyrites and Coptites. 27.. 97. Not but what instances were on record of men eating one another when driven to desperation and pressed by extreme famine; 93.. 114; and barbarians had been known to sacrifice their fellow-creatures, but not to devour them. 11 5.. 128. R. The conclusion of the Satire, which is a just and beautiful description of the origin of civil society, 147.. 158; (infinitely superior to any thing Lucretius or Horace has delivered on the subject,) does honour to the genius, good sense, and enlightened morality, (I had almost said, piety,) of the author. It is not founded in natural instinct, but on principles of mutual benevolence, 131 9"; implanted, not by Nature, 132; (as Gibbon carelessly or perversely makes the author assert,) but by Nature's God, 147 ff; in the breast of man, and of man alone. 142 ff. GIF. SAT. XV. thp: satires of juvenal. 461 Quis nescit, Volusi Bithynice, qt\alia demens .Egyptus portenta colat ? Crocodilon adovat Pars ha;c : ilia pavet saturain serpentibus ibin. Effigies sacri nitet aurea cercopitheci, Dimidio magicse resonant ubi Memnone chordae 1. ^gypliorum morem (jvis ignorat? quortan imhutce mentes pravitatis er- roribiiS(/ua?!ivis cariiificinam priits svb- ierint, quam ibiin aut aspidum aid felem aut canem aut crocodilian violent ; fjuorum etiam si imprudentcs quidpiam fecerint, poenam nuUam rectisent; Cic. T. Q. V, 2". Antiphanes, Anaxan- drides, and Timocles have ridiculed these same superstitions: Ath. vii,]3. R. J^Feyjoo's Disc, i, 6, 18.] Vo/«s/«« wusnot an uncommon name. J?. Plutarch wrote a little book ^^cs tiiviixbt ^1^1 ^iXlas- Suid. Thispeihaps is the same person. VAO. Bitliynia, (Strabo xii ; LUB.) on the Asiatic side of the Bosporus, was co- lonized byaThracian tribe; previously to which the country was called Pe- brycia. Her. i, 28, notes [10 fj. 2. Omne fere genus hestiarum con- secrdrunt ^gijptii; Cic. N. D. iii, 39; Strabo xvii ; 13iodor. ii, 4; Her. ii, Qo-7G;PRA. Pliilo J.de Decal. iU"!?. omnigemim deihn monstra ; Virg. iE. viii, 698; portent ijicas aninialimii figu- ras; Lact. de Or. Err. ii, 14 ; /lorrijicos fjuos jirodigialia cogiint credere inonstra dcos; Prud c. Syram. i ; JEgpjitia ilia non Mimina sed portenta ; M . F el. Oct. p. 2.'jG ; r.t V is TH» AlyuTToi iX^i^s, tots ch T»T| o-^n raXXa rh. ai/ata xa) ut aXri- tus a,%ia. Ttu ovtanv, xoioT^oiriuTu* /i%f re* A/a, xi»oT^erar-cfii Ton pnXriirTtt 'E^fir,y, xtti T«» n'atx cXo* T^aym, xai i/3iv •nia, Ko.) xeoxiiinXt* Vti{0», xa) ^i^nxct, x r. X. Luc. de Sacrif. 14 f. India worshipped similar monsters : nor was the worship of animals unknown at Home; where the sacred rites of F^ypt had gaine-T ; Cic. N. D. i, 3G; J Ii, Panth. /Efjypt. iv, 4 ; and prol. ).. 19-23; 83-H7. H. Among thf ancii nt authors who have written on ' the croco ; Din- dor, ii. 4; Sen. N. Q. iv, 2; P7?.L Max. Tyr. Dis. xxxix, p. 456. R. 3. HefC. rein /u\y oh ruf hlyvrriut l^ai tiffi at X Q X oi '. I ?. 01, •roiai 2' cu, aXX' ari roXiftUui Tt^iivcvirt ol tl vipi rt &n^ai xa) v/it Kii^it; Xifitr,i olxiatrts, xai xce^Ta r.yrtvTUi awrovf tifxi ipov;' . . . u ii Ti^i '£X£(pa»'7-/»>i» -iriXii alxiotrif, xa.) \aticvffi avTou;, oux hyiif^iyoi ioclis li*ai' Her. ii, 09. FRA. ' Regards with religious awe :' SVL. fear being the chief ingredient in super- stition. R. Ipsi f/ui irridentur ^gi/ptii 7iulla?n beluam, nisi ob aliquain utilitatem qiiam ex ca capcrentj consecraverimt ; velut ibes maximam vim serpent iinn conjici- nnt ; qunm sint aves excelsce, criiribus rigidis, corneo proceroqtie rostra : aver- tunt pestem ab ^Egi/jito, qiiitm volucres ayigues ex vastilate Libya vcnto Africa invectas intcrficiunt atque consumunt ; ex quo fit, tit illcB nee morsn vivce no- ceant nee odore ttiorti/ce; Cic. N. D. i, 36 ; Sch. s. Ov. lb. Plin. x, 28 or 40 ; 30; viii, 27; Diodor. i; SVL. id. ii, 4; Her. ii, 75 f; Plut. M. xxvii, end ; FRA. P. Mela iii, B; Solin. 34; J B, Panth. /Kg. v, 5; /El. H. A. x,21 ;24; 1{. MUD, Dial, on Med. t. i, p. 490.] 4. Siniiee cniidis inter se distinguun- titr; Plin. viii, 54. ' The ape' has no tail, ' the baboon' a short one, ' the monkey' a long one: xi^xas 'a tail,' ^'i^nxaf ' an ape.' PR A. MAD. ' Mon- keys' were worshipped at Memnonium ill -Xrabia: Solin. URL The siniia ryiiorep/inlus (I'lin. viii, 21 or 30 ;) was held sacred in Egypt. PR. GRA. Is this the Itnmadryas or ' dog-face ; (MK.) Flor. i, 10, 5; (DU.) R. Livy xxiii, 34, 1 ; xxiv, 31,c; 40, 8 ;(<''.) xxvii, 4, 10. [Unless ieto may rather be considered an old form ofjacio.] ' A savage Charbydis' (Horn. Od. M 73 ff; 101 If; 235 ff ; R. v, 102 ; PRA.) ' and a real one ; not a mere creature of the fancy, such as he has been romancing about.' dxaru'^ivfrtf Ilir. iv, 191. 18. C'oiiilrmus in nieilio tennn/m orbc, in ISicilia ati/ue Italia homines •uu THE SATIRES SAT. XV Nam citius Scyllam vol concuvrcntia saxa t20 Cyaticas, plenos el tcmpeslatibus ntrcs Ci't'didoriiii, aut toimi ]icr(Missuni vcrbcrc Circes Et cum riMnigibus griuinissi- J^lpcnora porcis. Tarn vacui capitis ])o])(iUim l^lia^aca jnitavit?" Sic ali({iiis uierito noudum cbiiiis ct minimum (^ui 25 De Corcyvoea temctum duxerat urna : Solus enim l)oc Ithacus imllo sub teste canebat. hiijits moii.stvi Ci/i-lopase( Lo's/ri/gonns, r/iii corpnri/ius /t/ntianis vesccrenlur; Plin. vii, 2. Fonnia; (now ' Mola,' in Terra di Lavoro) aidUiua; Lcpsfrtfgo- tiinn sedes; id. iii, 5 ; s. ix, 64; PR J. C:all. H. Dian. G" ; (SN.) Hor. Od. iii, l(i, 34; 17, 1-9; (3//.) Tib. iv, 1,59; and Vivo;. M. vii, oxc. 1; Ji. i, 201 ; iii, 582 ff. (//!'.) R. 19. Sri/lla, a sea-monster, fabled to reside among the formidable rocks op- posite Ckanfhilis^ Iq the straits of Messina, quid loquar^ id Sryllam Nisi, fjiiam Jama sertifa esf, Candida siir- cinctam latrantibns inguiiia monstris, Dulichias vexnsse rates, et gnnjite in alto, ah! tiinidos uatttas caiiibus la- ccrusse murinis, — imrrai^erit ? Virg. E. vi, 74 ff; Ov. M. xiii f ; PRA. Hom. Od. M 73-100 ; R. [Eur. M. 2 ; (nn.) Y, 1500.] These ' clashinp; rocks' were at the opening of the Thracian Bosporus into the Euxine. Plin. iv, 13 or 27. FA Y. KueLnai agrees with trir^ou understood ; they were so called from the deep blue colour of the sea: Schol. on ApoU. Rh. ii, 318. They are said to have become stationary after the passage of the Argo : ib. 309 ff. The origin of the fable has been variously accounted for. s. Strab. iii, p. 149; vii, p. 319; Pliny; and Apollod. i, 9, 22. {HY.) Homer places these rocks in the Si ci li an sea: Od. M 55 ff. 7?. They are now called ' Pavorane,' by the barbarians ' Tar- cazes.' GRA. notes [16 ff] on Her. iv, 85 ; Luc. ii, 715 ff; Ov. Her. 12, 121 ff ; [Tr. i, 9, 34. A W.] 20. iEolus gave Ulysses some skins full of adverse winds. While the king slept, some of his comjianions were in- duced by curiosity to peep into the bags ; the consefjuenee was that the foul winds escaped and raised a tremendous storm. LUB. Hom. Od. K 1-75 ; PRA. Virg. M. i, cxc. 1. (IIY.) n. 21. Credidvrim. This credulous in- c;;edulity of the Phasacians reminds one of the good dame, who interrupted the marvellous narrative of her son, who was just returned from a West-Indian voyage, with — "No! that I cannot believe. There may be mountains of sugar and rivers of rum : but you shall never persuade me that there are flying fish !" Circe, sister of .iEetes king of Col- chis, had a palace on the coa'^tof Italy, s. V, 140, note; Hom. Od. K 135-468 Ov. M. xiv, 10 ff ; Virg. E. viii, 70 Plin. XXV, 2 ; Plut. M. ixxxiv. PRA LUB. By a stroke of her wand ipipihof -invXriyvlx) she changed twenty-two of the crew of Ulysses into swine ; but afterwards by enchantments restored them to their original shape. A fable, which points out the brutalizing effects of intoxication and sensual pleasures. Virg. M. vii, exe. 1. {HY.) R. TF, 934.] 22. Elpennr, though notspoken of as one of those metamorphosed, is men- tioned in Hom. Od. K 552 ff; A 61-80; R. Ov. Ib. 487 f. 23. Non ohtnsaadeo gestamiis pectora Pwni ; Virg. M. i, 567. G RA. 24. Nondnin. The Phsacians being notoriously dissipated and luxurious characters. Hor. Ep. i, 15, 24. R. 25. ' Strong wine ;' from this comes temuknlus. Hor. Ep. ii, 2, 163; MAD. Gell. X, 23 ; Plin. xiv, 3 ; iv, 12 or 19 ; (JiD.) Festus. R. Ducere pocula; Hor. Od. i, 17, 22; cadiis erat vini : inde iinplevi hirneam -. earn eijo viiii edtixi meri; Plant. Amph.' i, 1, 273 f ; Hom. II. A 598 ; Od. I 9. Ii. 26. He ' alone' having survived the shipwreck. GRA. Hom. Od. E 365 ff. R. SAT. XV. OF JUVENAL. 4G5 Nos miranda quidera sed nuper consule Juuio Gesta super calida; referenius ma^nia Copti ; Nos vulgi scekis et cunctis graviora cotlmnns. 30 Nam scelus a Pynha, quaniquam omnia syrraata vohas, Nullus apud tragicos populus facit. Accipe, nostio Dira quod exemplum feritas produxerit ffivo. Inter finitimos vetus atque antiqua simultas, Tmmortale odium et numquam sanabilc vulnus 35 Ardet adluic Coptos et Tentyra. Summus utrimquc 27. Niillo sub teste ; Ov. M. xiii, 14 f. R. Q. Junius Rusficus, Hadrian's col- league in the third year of that em- peror's reign, 872 Y. R. SM. or, rather, ^Pfi. Junius Sal/inus, consul with Domitian, 836 Y. R. PH. s. xiii, Itj note. R. Poets are constrained by necessit}' to mention but one consul. Cat. cxxxiii, 1. OE. To the examples of synizesis in note on vi, 82; add Hor. S. i, 7, 30 ; tmiuia in Virg. and Lucr. iii, 449&c; SM. Sil. iv, 147; vi, 19; iii, 495; 16; 450; iv, 602 ; ii, 681 ; 353 ; ix, 123 ; xii, 467 ; i, 529 ; ii, 172; vi, 226; vii, 503; x, 181; XV, 173; 631; R. Virg. ^. i, 722 ; ii, 16 ; 442 ; v, 432 ; viii, 194 ; E. iii, 96 ; Fasc, Poet. p. 2. 28. Super, ureg, ' bevond.' s. Liv. i, 2, 3; xxxi, 47, 3. (DU.) R. Coptus was a city of the Thcbaid, on a canal of the Nile : Strab. xvii, p. 815; xvi, p. 781; PRA. s. vi, 527. It was common to the Arabians and Egj'ptian?', and twelves miles distant from 'i'entyra. As it was the great emporium for the merchandise of India, it had a cinstant communication by caravans with the Arabian gulf, trans- mitting its imports down the Nile to Alexandria. It was destroyed by Dio- cletian. Its name is now 'Ghana;' the modern Koft, which is on the river, being merely the port of the ancient city. Plin. v, 9 ; vi, 23 or 26 ; x, 33 or 49"; Zonar. ii, last. /{. [It probably derivfid its name from the Captor of thelliblc. AW.] 29. Vulyi ' common to a whole people:' LUH. (s. piipulus, 31 ;) whereas tragedy confines itself to the atrocities of an in- dividual ; vi,(;3J If. PR A. 30. ' From f.c delui,'.- ;' LUIi. i, 81 , note. PR A. :5 Syrmata ; viii, 229 ; here put for the 'tragedies' themselves; LUB. Mart, iv, 49, 8; xii, 96, 4. R. 32. Feritas, fn^itrtir Arist. Eth. vii, 1; «"«/> (paiTi ^alout Iv'iou} run arnytu- fiivuv 5r£») Tcv TlonTOv, Toi/s fii* ufioTs, rou; Sj K^'iaffiv a,'i6^cii-7ton, «. T. A. aSrai fiiv Sri^iuhii;' it). 5. '63. inter finiiiinos Coptos et Tenfi/ra; the towns being put for their inha- bitants. SM. 1 he names do not occur elsewhere in the plural; R. s. 116, note. Simultas is 'mutual ill-will.' V. 34. For the sanguinary character of religious fc^uds, see Dio xlii,34; Atlian. C. Gent. 'O^vi^vy^TTai x,tt,ff »fieis, tu» Kvva; /rvWapivri; x.u.i ^ua-avn;, us iipiTov xaTi^ccyov £x oi reurou KXTa(rTU,\Tii ii; !7oXs/i(3», aX^JiXouj Si2^jj«av kkxZ; . xai vmoo* wo 'PcofjLOiiijy KoXoc'^oftmei SiSTi- hrav Plut. M. xxvii, opp. t. ii, p. 380 ; M\. H. A. xi, 26. R. 35. Gens honiinuni est huic hcllute (the crocodile) adversa in ipso Ni/o, Tenti/ritee ab insula, in f/ua lirtfjitat, appellala:. ..itfujue uni ei insuhe cro- coilili non ailnalnnt ; ol/'urliii/i/f ejus generis hominum, ut Psyltoruni ser- piuifes, [see another reason in v, 91 ;] fugantur; Plin. viii, 25 or 38 ; xxviii, 3 or 6; JitTu^lc Steph. I3yz. Sen. N. Q. iv, 2; /El. H. A. x, 21 ; 24; Strab. xvii. On the other hand, the Coptitcs, (/El. H. A. X, 24 ;) the Om- bitcs, (lb. 21;) the Arsinoites, (Strab. xvii, p. 558;) and others, religiously adored the crocodile, and considered it an honour to have their children de- voured by that animal. Again, tlic Tcntyrites worshipped the hawk ; wliieli, out of S|iite to them, the iitiier pco]iliTrueirieil. /El. Ten/i/r/s, Plin.v, 9 ur II ; ///>.) is now • Denderah.' J{. 4(U) THE SATIRES SAT. XV. Iiulo furor vulgo, (juod numina vicinonim Odit utcvqiie locus, quurn solos crcdat habendos Esse deos, quos ipse colit. Sod tempore fcsto Altcrius populi rapienda occasio cunctis 40 Visa inimicoruni primoribus ac ducibus, no La? tmii hilarcinquc diem, no magnie gaudia cocnoe Scnlirent, positis ad templa ct compita mensis Pervigiliquc toro, qucm nocte ac luce jacentem Septimus interdum sol invenit. Horrida sane 45 J^gvptus : sed luxuria, quantum ipse notavi, Barbara famoso non ccdit turba Canopo. Adde, quod et facilis victoria de madidis et Bbrsis atque mero titubantibus. Inde virorum Saltatus nigro tibicine, qualiacumque 50 Ungucnta ct floras multieque in fronte corona) : Hinc jejumnu odium : sed jurgia ]irima sonare lucipiuut animis ardentibus ; haec tuba rixa). 36. This diversity in religious senti- ments is said to have resulted from the policy of the ancient kings, who, by establishing various objects of religious worship, prevented cordial coalition among the people, and consequent con- spiracies against the regal power. Diod. ii, 4. FRA. 39. Altcrius populi. From 73 fl'; we may conjecture that the Tentyrites were the party assailed. ACE, It. Rnpienda: s. Sil. i, 570; Ov. Ep. 19, 74. {HS.) R. 42. The Egyptians cibos palam et extrn sua tecta capiunt : Mela i, 9. R. 43. See viii, 158. R. ['-The com- pany (at a wedding) make merry with corn-drink, of which they are sure to provide good store. They also make provision for feasting; and the guests fall to very heartily. When their eat- ing is over, the men fall to hard drink- ing They continue night ami day, till the liquor is spent; which lasts usually three or four days. During which some are always drinking, while others are drunk and sleeping: and when all the drink is out, and they have recovered their senses, they all return to their own homes:" L. Wafer, Isthraua of Darien, C. V. D. and T. V. ii, p. 82.] 44. " For, savage asthecountry is, it vies In luxury (if I may trust my eyes) With dissolute Canopus." GIF. s. i, 26, note. LUB. 47. See I Samuel xxx, 16 f; I Kings xvi, 9 f; MAD. Sen. Ep. 83 ; Ath. i, 25. R. Madidis; s. Sil. xii, 18. R. 48. Nequepes, neque mens satis suum officium facit ; Ter. Eun. iv, 5, 3 ; Sch. Arist. Probl. PRA. Virgil speaks of the grape, as tentatura pedes olim vine- turaque lingnam; G. ii, 94. 49. *A swarthy Egyptian as piper.' Nilotcs tiiicen erat, crotalislria Philis ; Prob. iv, 8, 39 ; Meiup/iitidcs puellte sacris deihn paratfe : tinrtus colore 7iuctis, maiiu puer loquaci ; Petr.fr. ii, 1 flF. GRA. ' Whatever sort came first to hand:' a3 inebriated persons retain but little discrimination. U. The unguents of Egypt were much valued. Plin. LUB. 51. Hinc is opposed to iiide^ 48. MAD. Jejunum odium as irato sistro ; xiii, 93. See iii, 288; v, 26; jurgia pri- mum: inox rixa inter Batavos et /egionarios, diim his out it/is studia inilitum aggregantur, prope in prce- lium exarsere ; Tac. H. i, 64. (JB.) R. SAT. XV. OF JUVENAL. 467 Dein clamore pari concumtur et vice teli Sasvit nuda manus : pauctB sine vulncre inalaj : 55 Vix cuiqiiam aut nulli toto certamiiie nasus Integer. Adspiceres jam cuncta per agmina vultus Dimidios, alias facies, et hiantia ruptis Ossa genis, plenos ociilovum sanguine pugnos. Ludere se credunt ipsi tamen et pueriles 60 Exercere acies, quod nulla cadavera calcent. Et sane quo tot rixantis millia turbae, Si vivunt omncs ? Ergo acrior impetus, et jam Saxa inclinatis per humum qucesita lacertis Incipiunt torquere, domeslica seditioni 65 Tela; nee hunc lapidem, quales et Turnus et Ajax, Vel quo Tydides percussit pondere coxam iEnea3 ; sed quem valeant emittere dextrse lllis dissimiles et nostro tempore natoe. Nam genus hoc vivo jam decrescebat Homero. 70 Terra malos homines nunc educat atque pusillos. 53. Vice teli; Ov. M. xii, 382. R. £4. ' Uuarmed.' n uda prwlia; Prop, iv, 1 , 28 ; nuda piigna; Stat. Th. i, 413. R. 55. With tlie whole of tliis passage compare Yirtr. ^E. ^1!, 505-527. R. 67. Dimidios; viii, 4. R. Alias ' quite altered.' Sch. 58. " Hands, where the gore of man- gled eyes yet reeks, And jaw-bones starting through the cloven cheeks !" GIF. 59. * Mere sport ; no better than children's play.' MAD. 63. JmiKjue faces et saxa volant; furor firiiiu uiiiiistrat ; Vir^;. yE.i, 150; LUB. i/uod rnifjue rej/ertum rinia/iti, telum ira facit; ib. vii, 507- ' Stooping' to pick thoin up. VA Y. r,4. Doinesticn 'familiar;' LUB. unless the epithet more properly be- long to seditioni, and this be used in- stead of the more common construction seditiuiiis. R, 65. i/;//(r ' sufh, so great.' Sell. Tie now laughs at the undignified conduct of the heroes of epic poetry, as well as at the hyperbolical statement of their bodily powers. HNN. Such repre- 8(.'Dta*ions, however, accorded well with the siinplicity of ancient times ; e. Horn. 11. A 517; A -264 ff; M 445 ff; a 409 if; 403 ff. R. It will be seen on comparison of the following passages, that Virgil, in his copy after Homer, has betrayed sad want of taste. Gene- rally speakinp:, his heroes have always appeared to me less strikirg in their qualities both of body and mind, than those of Homer ; yet they perform greater feats u[)on occasion. GIF'. Turnus: s. Virg. JE. xii, 89G ff. (II Y.) LUB. Aja.v: s. Horn. II. H 268 ff. LUB. C6. Ti/didrs: s. Horn. 11. E 302 ff. (K(F.)'LUB. (ii). "O ei out y' u»d^i fiao.i», eJoi tut li^oTel lUf Horn. II. K 303 f; cunctu iiiortdliuui i/cner: niinorem in dies nien- suram Jicri jtropemodum obserivitur : &ta; Plin. vii, 16; {HD.) SAB. vix iltud lecti his sex cervicc subirenl, f/un/i'i nunc lioniiiium produril corjiora tfthis; Virg A-., xii, b99 f; S. August, (le Civ. 1). XV, 9; Gell. iii, 10; 13; PRA. Horn. II. A 271 f; (KCE.) Lucr. ii, 1149 ff. n. 70. Educat. [Cat. Ixii, 41.] Hoc majures nostri questi sunt, hoc nos ijucrimur, hoc postcri nostri que- 'i68 TUK SATIRES SAT. XV. Ergo deiis, ([uicunKnic adsptxit, ridit et odit. A dcvevticulo repctatnr laLtda. Postquam Siibsidiis aucti, pars alttra ])ronicre ferrum Audet ct infcstis pugnam inslaurare sagittis ; 75 Tcrga lligiu ccleri pricslantibus omnibus, instant, (^ui vicina colunt umbrosic Tentyra pahnoc. Labitur bine quidani, niniia formidine cursum Pr.Tcipitans, capiturque : ast ilium in plurima scctum Frusta ct particulas, ut multis mortuus unus 80 Sufficerct, totnm corrosis ossibus edit Victrix turba : nee ardenti dceoxit aeno Aut verubus; longum usque adeo tardumque putavit Exspectare focos, contenta cadavere crudo. Hie gaudere libet, quod non violaverit ignem, rcntiir, cversos esse mores, regnare neq/tifiam, in defer iits res humanas ct in oiinie »efas lahi; Sen. de Ben. i, 10. R. 71. Ridet piisillos et odit malos. LUB. 72. Ut ab rervm ordine decUnarem varietatilif.s(jue distingxetido opere et legentihiis velut deverticnla amwnu et requiem animo meo qitcererem ; Liv. jx, 17. R. 74. Ivfestis ' sent with hostile aim.' Liv. ii, 'l9; Virg. JE. r, 582; (BIT.) U. ' galling.' 7G. A periphrasis for the Tentyrites. LUB. ' The shady palm' is put for ' groves of palms.' PR J. s. Her. iv, 172; 182; Pint. M.lxiii; Plin.'xiii, 4 ; Ath. ii;xiv; ROD. Galen de Alim. ii, 26. R. 77. This, and what immediately fol- lows, is not unlike a passage of terriV)le sublimity in that noble fragment, He- siod's Shield of He-cules : SJJ^/v tx"* vi^) ■nTrinreiif rrarai o' a.^ 'iv/to alfict jufXa* «r.X»f&>v SAT. XV, OF JUVENAL. 469 85 Queni summa ca?li raptuni do parte Prometheus Donavit terris. Elemento gratulor et te Exsultave rcor. Sed qui inorderc cadaver Sustinuit, nil umquam hac came libentius edit. Nam scelere in tanto ne quaeras et dubites, an 90 Prima voluptatem gula senserit. Ultimus autem, Qui stetit absumto jam toto corpore, ductis Per terrara digitis, aliquid de sanguine gustat. Vascones, haec fama est, aliraentis talibus olim Pruduxere animas : sed res diversa, scd illic 95 Fortunae invidia est bellorumque ultima, casus Extremi, lougas dira obsidionis egestas. Tag fiTiiafai ■" o'l Ss "■ it' «uS=w( ' tfa(ra.v '■ lodiit at TouTo.^' AccDtTo; Ss f/.'.-a ToZra xaX'iirccs 'Uiut roh; xxXicfiUnv; KaXXx- Tia.}, CI roij; yovirtf xari^^inuTi, u^iro. VUplOfTltH TU» EkkyiVUf. ■' ITI TIVI VOJ /j.uri oit,xitir an riXiuTiotrai tov; vavma.} xetraxaliiy TVoi;' at c£ dujiiusavris ftiyct lu^yilillii fit^i XxiXlutM jb. c>8. 8.J. See iv, l.'i.;. PllA. Zsu; 'U^u^i iXi^tte( i 'E^i^iil, o'^efxycf ut rit (f d et/y y a, auiiji fiax^oTigot yt^dtcu ynitfai. ut ri'it'/ittai tJ5 afn, xoitoidTYt Vn rajt u'lafn- ffiut. xxi" fi» h ixeXarict xvi Sa'^wiy an oiKKia; ironiiifTc; utai tTi tu-(^ n atf^u Toi Itrftiv vrdo^u, dXX' n ^ax' to S^ TOiovTOi; ^awtiy xa) /jt,dXtirTit dyzrat, ^r,^iahi- Arist. Eth. ill, 10. yi. This was pretty clear proof, that the first corners had relished what they ate. MAD. 92. Vascones has its penultimate common. R. ' The Vascons' were a people in the north-east of Spain : (the modern Catalonia, Navarie, [ Aragon, and Castille: AW.]) from whom tho Gascons arc descended. Their capital was Ccilafjiiris (now Calahorra in New Castile) on the right bank of the Ebro, the birth-place of Quintilian. Strab. iii, p. Ill; Flor. iii, 22, 9; (DU.) Liv. ep. xciii. (D.) When besieged by Pompey and Metellus, the citizens were so reduced by famine, that, to maintain inviolate their engagement to Sertorius (who was then no more), they devoured their wives and children rather than surrender. V. Max. vii, fi, end; 2 f ; Plut. V. x.xix; and xxxii; App.ll. vi, 101; 13. C. i, 97, 108-115. SVL. PR A. K. GIF. 94. Aniiii'ts ' their lives.' LUB. vi, 501 ; ix, 122. R. 95. On the subject of this ' envy,' which the ancients attributed to For- tune and their pods, R. s. Her. i, 32 ; iii, 40 ; (LR.) Her. vii, 10, note 11 ; ib. 4G, note 47 ; and .Esch. P. V. 884 ; (BUR ) l.ivy XXX, .'JO, 20. VVith i/lt ill/a understand maid, jicri- villa, R. or itiscriiiiiiia. For other instances of the extremities to which those besiegi-d have been reduced, see H.r. i. I7G, [f;r ; nn.l vii, 107,[33j. 470 THE SATIRES SAT. XV. llujus enhn, quod nunc agitur, miscrabile debet Exeuiplum esse cibi : sicut niodo dicta niihi gens Post onuies herbas, post cuncta aiiinialia, (piidquid IDU Cogebat vacui ventris furor, hostibus ipsis Pallorein ac macieiu et tenues niiseranlibus artus, Membra aliena fame lacerabaut, esse parali Et sua. Quisnam hominum veniam dare, quisve deorum Viribus abnuerit dira alque immania passis, 105 Et quibus illorum poterant ignoscere manes, Quorum coi-jDoribus vescebantur ? Melius nos Zenonis pra;cepta monent : nee enim omnia, qua^dam Pro vita facicnda putat. Sed Cantaber unde Stoicus, antiqui pricscrtim eetate Metelli ? ventris rabies; Ath.x, 1. R. Psalm cvi, 97. Misernhile: h voTs aKsvrioit cvy- ytu/^.n, ivioTi Si KoitXits' Arist. Etli. iii, 1 : indeed, all the former part of that chapter may be consulteJ here and at 103 ff. 99. See Ov. M. viii, 799 if; Sil. ii, 461-474 ; Claud, xv, 21 ff ; R. Lucan. Sch. 100. Inipruha Virp. -E. ii, 350 , ' Their very enemies.' s. 46. MAD. 101. See Call. H. C(r. 94. {SN.) R. 102. See that most pathetic and sub- lime picture which is given in Deute- ronomy xxviii, 49-57. MAD. Esse i. e. edere. LUB. 103. ' Those of their wives and chil- dren' (s. Her. i, 214, note 2; ED. 'and even their own.' ipse suos artus la- ce ro divellere morsu carpit et infelix miniiendo corpus alehat; Ov. M. viii, 877 ff. II. 104. Viribus ' to men so brave,' the abstract for the concrete. LUB. An- other reading is ?^r4iV>?/.v, viz. Calaguris, Numantia, and Saguntum. PR A. Vtntribus perhaps would be better than either: s. iii, 167; iv, 107; xiv, 126. The abbreviation Vtribvs might be easily corrupted into ViuiBVS. VAL. Compare also the use of gn/a, v, 90 and elsewhere. IVB, and OE, receive the proposed emendation. [K^r,Tic at)... yarri^tt d^yui' Epim. in Titus i, 12.j 105. Manes; Pers. v ]52, note; PRA. [ii, 149, note. " The dii mnnes, and the spirits of those who had been unjustly put to death, were supposed to have the power of punisliing and alarm- ing the guilty. Hor. Ep. 5, [90 ff]." Y, 1382.] 107. ZewotheStoic. Sch. s.xiii, 121. PRA. Non 71111 i pretio vita emenda est ; Sen. Ep. 72 ; 17; 70 ; tutain (/uidein non (tdeo expetendam censemi/s, iit (jinnjno modo protraliendn sit: qiiisiiuises talis, aqne moriere, etiam cum ohscwnus vixeris aut ncfandus; Plin. xxviii, 1 or 2 ; s. vi'.i, 83 f, notes; t(si/ue adeone mori miseriim est ? Virg. X.. xii, 646 ; PRA. R. LUli. 'itia S' 'lira; ouK 'iimt dvayKar^iiyai, dXXa faZXXct avoSirsTiof, vraSevra ra "hitviiara' Arist. Etli. iii, 1. 108. Cantabria is now ' Biscay.' PRA. The Vascons are here meant. LUB. 109. Q. Ceecilius Mctellus Pius (son of Q. C. M. Niauidicus) may be called antif/ui/s with reference either to his having lived so many years before the time Juvenal is speaking of, or to his advanced age; (s. Virg. JE. ix, ()47;) in reference to which Sertorius face- tiously oi)served in an address to his soldiers : " As for that boy" (meaning Pompey), " if it had not been for the arrival of this old woman," (viz. Metel- lus,) " I would have whijjped him and sent him home." Plut. V. xxix, opp. t. i, p. 578. R. SAT. XV. OF JUVENAL. 471 110 Nunc totus Oraias nostrasque habet orbis Athenas. Gallia causidicos docuit facunda Britannos : De conducendo loquitur jam rhetove Thule. Nobilis ille tamen populus, quern diximus ; et par Virtute atque fide, sed major clade Sagunlus 115 Tale quid excusat. Ma^otide sanior ara ^gyptus. Quippe ilia nefandi Tauvica sacri Inventrix homines (ut jam, qua? canuina tradmit, Digna fide credas) tautuui immolat, ulterius nil 110. ' Athens of Greece:' unde hii- manitas-, doctnna, religio,J'rifges,Ji(ra, leges, ortce atque in omnes terras dis- tributee putantur; Cic. for Flac. 26. PRA. Hence Thucydides calls it ^a.'iliufi; Tru'V.XXaSoi ii,41 ; Diodorus, p. 344, 23: so that Athens became a synonymous word for ' literature and the fine art-;,' and the school where these were taught was called an Athe- naeum. B.. Nostras : in like manner our author says Si/rus ill Tiberimdejhixit Orontes; iii, 62 ; li. s. ib. 61, note. 111. Gallia : s. i, 44 j and vii, 148, notes. LUB. On the Britons, see Tac. Agr. 21. R. 112. Of course this is to be taken as aa hyperbole. LUB. What northern country the ancients designated by the name of Thukxa very uncertain. Itmay be either (1) Sweden and Norway, or (2) Shetland, LUB. or (3) Iceland, iillima Tliule ; Virg. G. i, 30; {VO.) PRA. s. Plin. Ep. iv, 16; Isid. Et. xiv ; Mela iii, 6, p. 67. li. see A. 113. The Vasoons of Calaguris. PRA. 114. ' The Saguntines were as dis- tinguished by their fidelity to Rome, as the men of Calaguris were for theirs to Sertorius;' MAD. ' but more eminent in their disasters:' for the • siege of Calaguris was raised ; (67!) Y. u. OK.) Liv. ep. xciii ; App. B. C. i, 112; whereas Saguntum was captured by Hannibal after an ei^^ht months' siege ami razed; 'I'liis siege was the cause of the second Punic war. 219 b. c. AW.] Sil. i, 2;k!; ii, 695; Liv. xxi, 8-15; Polyb. iii, 17 ; Flor. ii, 2; Plin. vii, 3; V. Ma.x. vi^ 6. li. PRA. SVL. The latter author concludes in words which show that he felt for their ill-fated devotion ; crediderim tunc ipsam Fidem, liumana negotia specu- lantem, inwstum gessisse vullum ; per- severantissimum sui cultum, iniguee Fortunce judicio, tarn arerbo exitn damnatum cernentem. GIF. Snguntus, or Saguntum in Valencia. PRA. V, 29, note. It has a fort, which still bears the name of S a- ■g u n t a. 115. Among the Tavr! who inhabited the peninsula, called from them the Tauric Chersonese, now the Crimea, on the south-west of the Moeotic hike, there was an altar to Diana on which it was the practice to immolate ship- wrecked strangers. On this custom Euripides fomided the tragedy of Iphi- genia in Tauris. s. Diod. iv, 3 ; 45 ; Strab. v; Her. iv, 103; Pans, iii, 16 ; ix, 19; Ov. Pont, iii, 2, 45-96; Tr. iv, 4, 63-82 ; Call. Dian. 173 f; {SN.) Anton. Lib. F. 27; and Hvg. F. 98 ; 120; (MK.) Virg. iR. vii, 761 ft'; exc. viii; (//r.)Sch. I,i7/j. li. Ma-otis ara: xiv, 287, note. R. 116. Taurica, understand terra or Chersonesus, as in Plin. iv, 12. Ji. [' Taurida.' A W.] The country put for the people, MAD. a^ in 35. Nffnndi .ini-ri. For srr/iiii.t olim Re- lif^io pi'prrit srr/erosri ntquf iiiij/iu facta. Aulidn ijiii) priito Trivial rirgitiis araiii Jp/iiaiia.isai liirpiiruiit sanguine fti'de d'lrliirrs Danaiiin lunluin Rrligio potuit suadcrc maloruinl Lucr. i, ^'.i (1. R. 117. Thoas, the king of the Tauri, who was afterwards slain by Orestes, is said to have been the inventor of this barbarous rite. Sell. I'RA. [7/ ' even sup[)osing.' li. 118. 'They only immolate.' LUB. 17> THE SATIRIOS SAT. XV. Aiit gravius cullro timet hostia. (Jiii iiiodo casus I "JO IiniMilit hos ? Qmv tanla fames iiifc.sta(iiic vallo Anna coegerunt tarn detcstabilc inonstrnm Aiulere? Ainic aliaiii, terra jMem])liiti(]c sicca, Invidiam racerent nulenti suryere Nilo ? Qua nee tcrribiles Cimbri nee Britoncs umquam 125 Sauromata3ve truces aut immanes Agathyrsi, JIac SKvit rabie imbeile et inutile vnlgns, Parvula fictilibus solitum dare vela pliasolis " Far, far more savage/Ecypt's frantic train, They butcher first, and then de- vour the slain !"' GIF. 121. Monsiriim; ii, 122. E. 122. ' Tl^e land of Egypt,' so called from Memphis a royal city on the left bank of the Nile, (near its division to form the Delta,) opposite to which, on the right bank of the river, now stands Grand Cairo. B. BRI. MAD. 123. The meaning of the question, which is rendered obscure by its brevity, appears to be this : ' When Egypt was sutt'ering from drought and expecting the annual inundation, what more ef- fectual method could these factious can- nibals have devised for incensing the god of the Nile and provoking the River to withhold his fertilizing waters, thereby- bringing him into luipnpul&rity and public odium?' R. MAD. GIF. On one occasion, indeed, it appears that a drought of long continuance was reme- died by a human sacrifice: dicitiir Ajji/ptos caruiae juvanfiljiia area, im- Lri/jits, aff/ite annos sicca Jtiisse novc/ii : cum Tlirasiiis Basirlii adit^ nions>trat- que piari hospUis cffuso sanguine posse Jovem. illi Busiris, ^^Jies Jovis hosfia priuius,'" inf/uil, " ef yE//i/pto tu dnhis hospes aqunm ;" Ov. A. A. i, G-17 ff; MAD. FA Y. Hyg. F. 5(5. R. UlqueparumjusteB nimiumque in pel- lice scevcc , inv i d i a ui fe cere decs ; Ov. M. iv, 54(3f; vain quod invidiam j'acis nobis ^ iugenuos honestosque cla- mando, vide ne deteriorem facias con- Jideufia causatn ; Petr. p. .'i74 ; GIF. s. Quint. Dec], viii, 14. {BU.) li. The Nile was one of rhe chief deities of Egypt. JB, P. /E. t. ii, p. 140 fl-; p. 1G8 ff; s. Her. (|uoted in note on 7. On tire causes of the river's rise, see Her. ii, J 7-25; (WE. LR.) Ath. ii, 88-90; {FiW.) Diod. i, p. 33 ff; Sen. N. Q. iv, 2; JB, ib. p. 14 ff; p. 1(53 ff. R. 124. Britoncs a German tribe, from which the llretons who settled in Ar- morica derived their origin and name. Tac. SYL. Sidon. Ap. PRA. 125. Picliquc Agathyrsi; Virg. /E. iv, 14U; cxo. ii. (J&TF.) A Scythian nation, L UB, who occupied the modern Transvlvania. s. Her. iv, 10!); 102, note [Gl] ; 104; 125; Plin. iv, 12 or 26; Meiaii, 1, R. 12(5. Imbeile ct inutile ; s. note 98 on Her. i, I'.M ; and note 52 on Her. iii, 81. 12/ AvT< TUMTuv o \(rr)v i ran yravtj- Ka.1 Mv^ vXri^uit Tuv h Toli ■Jt'kciap'ioii xar- avXoui/.Viuiv xcti xaroo^ovfiivuv uvai^nv ftira in; nr^an'^t uKoXaa-'ia; xa) dtii^uv xa) yvvctizan Stiabo xvii, p. 801 A; who also mentions their using boats of baked earth ; LUB. varnished so as to be water-tight. By its absolute want of timber, this nation was driven to miserable shifts. Even under the Greeks, when tliey enjoyed a transient gleam of prosperity, their internal com- niunicatif)ns were carried on in canoes that would disgrace the New-Zealand- ers. 'J'he Ptolemies, indeed, had ves- sels of a ccmsiderable size in the Medi- terranean; hut these came, as they still do, from Cyprus, Rhodes, is or //.vffTciyuybs) revealed to them the greater mysteries, after a strict previous enquiry into the moral and religious characters of the candi- dates, s.vi, 50, note; I- i[7i^. SC'y^. ii. O v. F. iv, 493 f ; Claud, xxxiii, 11. PRA. 142. Jute versus (Ter, Heaut. i, 1, 25 ;) et in pectore el in ore sit : " homo sum, liumaninihila mealiennm pufo;'" Sen. Ep. 95; Cic. Oft', i, 9. R. [St Luke X, 29-37.] 144. Dei/s /lomines hmno excitatos celsos ct credos constiluit, ut ileoritm cognitiuiie/ji, cwfi/m iiitifeiit/'s, rnpcrr poxsent ; sunt enitii hotnlnes non ul tn- cotce at(]ite hahitatores, sed (/uasi spec- tatorcs siiperanrm rerum a/f/Kc coe- k's/iiim, (jnurion spectaculiou adnidlum aliiid genus anintautimn perlinet ; Cic. N. D. ii, 56. R. How sadly men have neglected or abused this their ' capacity to apprehend divine truths' may be seen, Komans i, 21 f. MAD. 146. Animorum nulla in tcrris origo inveniri potest:. itaquidquidcstiUud quod sensit, quod sajnt, quod vuU., quod viget, ca-lesfe et divinuni est ideoque cetermun, fyc ; Cic, T. Q. i, 27 ; divince parficulam aurce ; Hor. S. ii, 2, 79 ; PRA. igneus est o/lis vigor et cwlestis origo; Virg. iE. vi, 730 ft"; and exc. xiii; {HY.) LUB. Fulgent, ii, 9. {MK.) R Arce; s. 85; R. xiv, 87; nos tua progenies, coeli quibusannuis arcem ; Virg. J{L. i, 254, MAD. 147. Figuram quoque corporis ha- hilem et aptam irigenio dedit : nam cum. ceteras a/ii/nanlcs Deus adjerisset ad ])astu)n, solum lio)ninem erexit et ad cwli quasi cognitionem, domicilii uude descendcrat^excitavit ; Cic. JS . D. ii , 56 ; prona que cum spec tent animalia cetera terrain, os homini sublime dedit ewlumque tueri jussit et erectos ad sidera tollere vultus; Ov. M. i, 84 ft". PRA. oiunes homines qui sese stu- dent prcestare ceteris animalibus, quee Natura prona et vetitri ohedicntia Jinj.it, &>-c ; Sail. B. C. 1 ; (CO.) MAD. Cic. Leg. i, 9, pr. R. 149. Animas; \i, 531, note; s. Ec- clesiastes iii, 21 ; MAD. and Genesis ii,7. SAT. XV. OF JUVENAL. 475 150 Afiectus petere auxilium et pviestarc juberet, Disperses trahcre in populum, migrare vetusto De iiemore et proavis habitatas linquere silvas ; ^Edificare domos, Lavibus conjungere nostris Tectum aliud, tutos viciuo limine somnos 155 Ut collata daret iiducia; protegere armis Lapsum ant ingenti nutantem vulnere civem, Communi dare signa tuba, delendier isdem Turribus atquc una portarum clave tcueri. Sed jam serpentum major concordia. Parcit 150. See Sen, Ep. 95; Ira i, 5. R. 151. Fuit qitondam (empiis, cum in agrib passim homines bcstiarum more va'jahantuv ct sibi rictx ferino vitam ■propagabaut ; Cic. Inv. i, 2 ; Ath. siv, 23 ; S VL. ill. urhes peperisti ; tit dis- sipafos homines in soriefa/em vita con- vocdsti ; iii eos inter se prima domiciliis, deinde conji/giis, tiini literarum et vo- rum communione jnnj:isli ; Sfc; Cic. T. Q. V, 2, 5; oppida cu'perunt ?nunire, et ponere leges, ne i f/itis adulter; Hor. S. i, 3, 105 f; PR A. s. vi, 3 tF, notes. MAD. 152. Sitceslres homines ceedibiis ct victu fwdo deterruit Orpheus ; Hor. A. P. 391 f. PR A. 153. " Jijstead of those loose as- sociations, wliich, though they scarcely diminished thtir personal independence, had been sufficient for their security while they remained in their original countries, they" (the barbarians of the north, who had overrun and conquered Europe,) " saw the necessity of uniting in more close confederacy, and of re- linquishinij some of their private rights in order to attain public safety ;" ROB, Ch. 5tli, Intr. § i, p. 12. 155. " To repel injuries, and to re- venge wrongs is no less natur:il to man than to cultivate friendship ; and while society remains in its most simple state, the former i.s considered aa a personal right no less unalienable tlian the latter. Nor do men in this situation deem that they have a title to redress tlieir own wrongs iilone; they are touched with the injuries done to those with whom tlicy are connected, or in whose honour they are interested, and arc no less promjit to avenge them. The savage, however imperfectly he may comprehend tlie principles of po- litical union, feels warmly the senti- ments of social affection, and the obliga- tions arising from the ties of blood. On the appearance of an injury or affront offered to his family or tribe, he kindles into rage, and pursues the au- thors of it with thekeenest resentment ;" ROB, ib. i, p. 38 f. 156. For saving the life of a citizen, the reward was a civic crown. V. Max. ii, 8. SVL. 159. Canis caninam non est; Varro [L. L. vi, 3;] (SCA.) Sch. whereas nulla est tani detestabilis pestis f/uce homini ah homine non nascatitr ; Cic. Off. solus homo est homini lupus. LUB. cetera animantia in sua genere prope degunt : congregari videmus et stare contra dissimilia: leoniun feritas inter se non diniicat: serpentum morsiis non petit serpentes : nee maris r/uidcm belucc nisi in diversa genera scevinnl. at herriile honi/ni plu- rima ex homine sunt main ; I'lin. vii, 1; {IID.) Sen. Ep. 104; PRA. id. 95, de Clem, i, 2(j ; Contr. 9 ; Hor. Ep. 7, 11 f. {Ml.) R. Compare the dying vulture's speech in the original No 22, of the Idler. Parcit ^c. '' This is prettily said, but v\itliout trutli : since the male beasts of every kind light together, when hunger or lust stimulates them; and act, in this respect, just as if they were men." JT- And this too is prettily said. GIF. [A singular in- stance of the voracity and power of appetite of the boa constrictor is said to have occurrcil at the Zoological Gardens in the Regents Park. Two 476 THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. sat. xv. 100 Cognalis niaculis siinilis iVra. (iuando leoni Fortior oiipuit vitam leo ? Quo neniorc uniquam Exsiiiravit apor majoris clentil)us apvi ? Indica tigris agit rabida cum tigridc })accm Pcrjictuain : sanis inUir so convcnit ursis. 165 Ast homini fcviiim letale incude nefauda Produxisse parum est ; qmim rastra et sarcula tantuin Adsueti coquere et iiiarris ac vomere lassi Nescicrint primi gladios cxtundere fabri. Adspicimus populos, quorum non sufficit iraB 170 Occidisse aliquem ; sed pcctora, brachia, vultum Crediderint genus esse cibi. Quid diceret ergo, Vel quo uon fugeret, si nunc hiec monstra videret Pythagoras, cunctis animalibus abstinuit qui Taniquam homine et ventri indulsit non omne legumen ? fine tiger boa constrictors from Cal- cutta, respectively 11 feet and 9 feet in length, lived for a considerable time in harmony together within the same cage. After a while the smaller one became sickly and refused its food. The larger one, after having just eaten a rabbit and three guinea pigs, made a gorge of his more weakly companion, after which surprising carnivorous feat, the bulk of the reptile's body in the thickest part exceeded three feet in diameter.] 166. And yet the first smiths made nothing but implements of husbandrj-. s. Plin. xxxiv, 14 ; Sen. Ben. vii, 10; Tib. i, .3 ; Virg. G. ii, 538-540. R. 1G9. 'People'viz.theTentyrites. B/?/. 171. Compare with this, ii, 1 ft'; 153-158. R. 173. Pythagoras was a native of Samos. Sch. He held the doctrine of the metempsychosis, and was therefore averse to shedding the blood of any animal, s. Laert. viii ; Gell. iv, 11 ; L. iii, 229. After many travels, he settled at Crotona, in the reign of the latter Tarquin, (where he became the founder of the Italic sect ;) and died in Magna Grajcia at an advanced age. s. Euseb. Lact. iii ; Cic. J'. Q. i, 38 ; iv, 2. cinn in Italinm venixsct, iwuritavif earn Grceciam, fjuce Magna ilicta est, et prii'afim ef pu/>/irry preesfantifsimis in- stitutis et artibiis; ib. v, 10. PR A. Cicero has attacked him on the subject of his doctrine, de Div. ii, 58; and so has Lucian, with very keen ridicule, in his dialogue "0». ti' AXixr. R. For a fuller account of this eminent philo- sopher, see A. 174. " Abstain from beans" is said to have been one of his precepts: SVL. for which singular and superstitious injunction a variety of reasons have been assigned. Cic. Div. ii, 119; Plin. xviii, 12; Plut. Symp. viii, pr. 8; Or. i, de Evscs, xa) Svovirit auTol; 'in tmv fti* i/yi.'^v^cov ovdiV oh ya^ oiri'jv alftamiy robs y.lfovs' -TiXaiou; %\ 'bnfA.nr^ot, xai aWa,; rival Ka^irZv a.'ta^^a.i' ii,9. 'i his annual visit^ition, which was perpe- tuated, with the property it protected, from father to son, seems to have en- deared the rite to the ancients ; who speak of it with a degree of tenderness and affection, which they do not always express for those of a more public and important nature : nam vejieror^ seu stij/es linhct dcscrtus in agris^ xeu vetus in trivio fiorea serta lapis: fyc; Tib. i, 1, 11 ff. (HY.) The institution is attri- buted to Numa, by Plutarch : the more probable fact is, that this prince brought to the rude and barbarous hordes, whom, happily for themselves, he was called to govern, the rites and ceremonies of a more refined and virtuous people. His denunciations against those who removed ' the sacred landmark' are even SAT. xvr. OF JUVENAL. 481 Quod raca cum vctulo coluit puis annua libo ; 40 Debitor aut sumtos pergit non rcdderc numos, Vana supervacui dicens chirographa ligni : Exspectandus erit, qui lites iuchoet annus Totius populi : sed tunc quoque mille ferenda Taedia, mille mora; ; toties subsellia tantum 45 Sternuntur, jam facuudo ponente lacernas Ca^dicio et Fusco jam micturiente, parati more severe than those of the Hebrew legislator : Qui termimim euarasif, ipsus et boecis sacrei siinto. The Fathers are much offended at this superstition, which continued to a late period, and was not given up without a struggle, as the husbandman persisted in con- necting the idea of a prosperous year with the due observance of his rural ceremonies. Their fulminations at length prevailed; and Prudentiiis, who witnessed the desecration of these land- marks, observes with some degree of triumph over the superstitious fears of the rustics, that sunshine and rain still visited the earth, which had yet lost nothing of its pristine fertility! et lapis illic si stetit anti^m/s, guem ringere sueverat error fasciolis vel gallinee pul- mone rigare^frangitur^ et nttltis violaiur Terniin»seu'tis; nectamcn idcirco minor est aut fructiis ngelli aut tempestatis rhmentia Iceta xerence, temperat aut pluviis 'fui culia novalia venfus ; c. Sym. 1005. But in his time, and, in- deed, long before, the simplicity of the ancient worship had been corrupted : spargitur et ccesa comviunis Terminus agna ; nee querilur^ lartens cum sil/i porrn ilatur ; Ov. F. ii, 640-684. {US. BU.) The blood of larnbs and kids was mingled with the primitive fruits and flowers; and, as property was se- cured by other means, \U abolition was no less (k-sirable than expedient ; GIF. LUB. PR A. MAD. h. Festus on Terminus; Sic. Fl. de Term. Liv. i, .05; Lact. Inst, i, 20; Min. F. p. l.*). iOI.) R. 41. See xiii, I'M. SVL. 42. ' I nh:ill havi- to wait for montlis and months, Id-fore the multitudinous suits of the people come on, and mini- among the rest.' t/um romunfur, ilum ornautury annus est; Ter. Heaut. ii, 3 2, 11; s. Suet, x, 10; Plin. Ep. i, 18; VI, 33; R. id. iv, 16. PR A. 45. Sternuntur may here signify the spreading of the judges' benches with cushions, cfec. MAD. No business is done, because there is not a quorum. R. 'Although the eloquent Ca?dicius has already laid aside his surtoat and ap- pears in his gown to plead; (Mart, viii, 2S; Plin. Ep. ii, 3 ; iv, 2;) and Fuscus has now taken the opportunity of step- ping aside for a few minutes, because he will soon be called upon to speak and will not then be able to leave the court;' HEI. s. ix, 28 f; Quint, xi, 3. lacernas for lacernam is no uncommon enallage. R. 46. Ccedicius is apparently a different person from the one mentioned in xiii, 197. R. Fuscus (not the general, iv, 112;) but Aurelius Fuscus, a distinguished advo- cate of those days, who was both fond of the bottle himself and was kept in countenance by his lady ; xii,45; Plin. Ep. vii, 9; Mart, vii, 28. LUB. R. C. Tifius, vir eefatis Lucilian(C, in oratione qua legem Fanniani suasit. (icscrihcns homines prodigtts in forum ad judieandum ehrios commeantrs^ sic ait :...." ad comitium vadunt nr litem fariant suam. dum ennt^ nulla est in angiporto amp/iora, {hucr. iv, 1023;") f/uam non impleant ytfuippe qui vesicnm plrnam vini habennt. veniunt in comi- tium tristes: juhent diccrc ; qunrnm nrgotium est, narrant: judex testes pose it ; ipsus it mirtlim : uhi rrdit, ait se audisse omnia : tabulas jiosrit ; Ute- rus inspicil ; ri.v prfc vino sustinrt pnt- pebras;" Macr. iii, J6. rU/}. PRA. 'I'he same cause would (iroduce the same effect in the advocate as in I he judge. R. 48-i Till': SATIRES SAT. XV r. Dign-eliinnr k'ntaquc ibii pugnaimis arena. Ast illis, quos anna tcgunt ct balteus ambit, tiuoJ placituni est ipsis, privstatur tenii)us agendi 50 Nee res aclteiitur longo sulll amine litis. Solis pneterea testandi mililibus jus Vivo patre daluv : nam, qusB sunt parta labove Militia^, placuit non esse in corpora census, Omne tenet cujus regimen pater. P^rgo Coranum, 55 Signorum comitem eastroriimque ficra merentcm, (iuanivis jam tremiiUis, captat jjatur. lluuc labor aequus Provehit et pulcro reddit sua doua labori. 47. A metaphor from the amphi- theatre; LUB. ii, 144. MAD. 50. " Nor are their wealth and pati- ence worn away By the slow drag-chain of the law's delay;" GIF. viii, 148. PR A. [" Sir, you were saying, if I mistake not, an hour or two ago, that soldiers have the speediest justice. I agree with you in that ; for they are never without red-dress:" Dr Sheri- dan's Art of Punning, R. 13. A wit of this description might translate cer- vina senedus, xiv, 251; 'a harty old-age.'] 5 1 . Militibus liberam testandi f acti- onem primus (juiilem D. Jidiiis Ctesar concessit ; scd ea conressio temporalis crat : posfea vero D. Titus iledit : post hue Domitinnus : postea D. Nerva plenissimani indiilijentiam in mililcs contu/it : eam/jue et Trajanus secutus est ; Ulp. 23, § 10 ; exinde mandatis insericwpit caput tale; cum innotitiam 7n?am pervenerit,. . .simplicitati eorum consulenduni existimavi , titquorpio modo testatifuissent, rata esset eorum volun- tas, fariant igitur testamcntu qiiomodo volent,faciantfjuomodopoterint : svffici- atque ad lonorum suorum dirisionem faciendam nuda voluntas testatoris ; ib. PRA. This privilege, however, only applied to the savings of their pay, and their other military earnings ; peruliiim castrense. 'Ach. MAD. The object of this enactment was obviously to con- ciliate the soldiery, the attachment of whom was now become of importance to tlie ambitious chiefs who contended for the empire. By the old constitution of the republic, the power of a father over a son was unbounded ; it extended both to his property and to his person, and terminated only with the death of one of the parties. We do not find many instances of the abuse of this power. Natural affection is an ex- cellent corrective to the anomalies of tyranny. G RA. [Livy i, 50, 5.] 53. ' Incorporated with the private fortune.' MAD. 54. Coranus, in all probability, was a soldier of fortune well known at that time; LUB. not the wealthy individual whom Horace mentions; S. ii, 5,57; G4. PRA. 5G. The arts of common fortune- huntershavebeen already satirized ; xii, 93 S: 11. but there is something ludi- crous, amid the disgusting picture of avaricious depravity, in making a father, tottering on the verge of the grave, pay servile court to a son, in the full vigour of life, in hopes to be named his heir! GIF. At the same time we must recollect that this son was in the army, and consequently that his life was of a very precarious tenure. [ovSus c'vruf avofiro; Irri, oirri; 5r»X«^o» wjo ti^rivTis a'lAirai iv fiiv yaf tJ), 01 ^aTois •reus Tars- ^u( 6a.'!rT0V7i, iv Si t^i 01 'jra.r'i^n Toug ttoT- da;' Her. i, 87.] It was customary for a soldier, when going into battle, to name an heir in the presence of three or four witnesses, and if he fell, the law recog- nised this verbal declaration as a valid will. AX. 57. To say labor reddit sua dona labori is surely a very awkward ex- ])ression and not very intelligible : and, from what follows, the promotion is to be attributed to the discernment of the general. Labor is probably SAT. xvr. OF JUVENAL. 483 Ipsius certe ducis hoc referre videtur, Ut, qui fortis eiit, sit felicissimus idem, 60 Ut laeti plialeris oinnes et torquibus omncs- * * * * owing to the eyeof the copyist catching the last word in this next line: the word has also occurred just before, 52. Read therefore favor. R. HZ. [Livy iv, 37, x.j 58. Seex, 141 f. MAD. 60. Romani au.ciliares et extemos torquihits aureis donavere, at civesnon- nisi aryenteis; Plin. xxxiii, 2. It is recorded, Lucium Sicinium Dentatnm, oh eximiam virtutem appellatnm Achil- lem Romanuni, pugnusse in hostes centum et viginti proeliis: cicafricem aversam nuHani, adversns quintjue et quadraginta tulisse: coronis esse dona' turn aureis octo^ obsidionali una, mura- libus tribus, riv/cis f/ua/uordcciw ; tor- quibus tribus ct ortoginta : armillispius centum et sexaginta ; Itastis duodevi- ginti, plialeris item donatum quinquies viciesque : populi militaria dona liabu- isse multijuga, in his provocaforia pleraque : denique triumpliasse cum imperatoribus suis triumplios novem ; Gell. ii, 11; Pii^. s.xi, 103; Sil. xv, 254 ff; L, Mil. Rom. v, 17. R. VERBAL INDEX TO PERSIUS'S SATIRES. The former number indicates the Satire ; the latter numbers tell the Lines. P. denotes the Prologue. Abaco 1, 131 ablatura 1, 100 abrodens 5, 163 ac 1 , 1 35 accedam 5, 173 accedas 1, 6 accedat 6, 67 accedo 6, 55 Acci 1, 50 76 accipio 5, 87 acerra 2, 5 acervi 6, 80 aceti 4, 32 aceto 5, 86 aeie4, 34.5, 127 aeri 2, 13. 3, 23. 6, 14 actus 5, 99 ad sacra P. 7 ad morem 3, 31 ad populum phale- ras 3, 30 adde 6, 58 addita 1 , 92 adductis 3, 47 adeo 6, 14 51 adbuc 3, 58 admissus 1, 117 admoveam 2, 75 admovit 6, 1 adsit 3, 7 adsonat 1, 102 advehe 5, 134 adverse 1, 44 adunca 4, 40 sedes 2, 36 ffidilis 1, 130 JEgxnm 5, 142 cegriH 3, 88 tpgro 5, 129 aegroti 3, 83 aenos 2, 56 aequali 5, 47 ffira 2, 59. 3, 39 serumnis 1, 78 a>rumnosique 3, 79. aflfero P. 7 afferre 1 , 69 afBatel, 123 agam 5, 134 agaso 5, 76 age 2, 17 42.6, 52 agedum 2, 22 agendo 5, 97 ager 6, 52 agis 3, 5. 5, 154 agitare 6, 5 agitet 5, 129 agnum 5, 167 ah 1, 8 ais 1, 2. 4, 27 ait 1, 40 85. 3, 7. 5, 163 alba 1, 110.5, 183 albas 1, 59 albata 2, 40 albo 3, 98 albus 1, 16.3, 115 alea 5, 57 algente 3, 111 alges 3, 1 15 alia 3, 36 alienis 1, 22 aliquem 1, 129 aliquid, 1, 125. 3, 60. 5, 137. 6, 32 64 aliquis 1, 32. 3, 8 77 aliud4, 19.6, 68 alius 5, 83. 6, 18 alii 5, 1H8 alter 1, 27,6, 76 altera 0, 67- 6, 26 alternus 5, 155 156 alto 3, 33 103.5,96 amarum 4, 48 ambages 3, 20 ambiguum 5, 34 ambitio5, 177 ambo 5, 43 amborimi 5, 45 amens 3, 20 amice 5, 23 amicis 3, 47- 5, 109 amico 1, 116 amicus 6, 28 amitis 6, 53 amo 1, 55 amomis 3, 104 amplexa o, 182 ancipiti 5, 156 ancipitis 4, 11 angue? 1, 113 angulus 6, 13 angustED 3, 50 angustas 3, 2 anhelanti 5, 10 anhelet 1, 14 anima; 1, 14. 2, 61. 5, 23 aniniam 6, 75 animo, ablat. 2, 73 animo, dut. 5, 66 animus 4, 7. 5, 39 anne 3, 39 aiinos 2, 3. 6, 36 69 annuere 2, 43 anseris 6, 71 Anticyras 4, 16 Antiopa 1, 78 antithetis 1, 86 anus 4, 19 Apennino 1 , 95 aperto 2, 7 apponit 2, 2 iipposila 5, 38 A Appula 1, 60 aprici 5, 179 aptas 5, 140 aptareris 5, 95 aptior 2, 20 twice aptius 1, 45 46 aqualiculus 1, 57 •arat 4, 26 arator 5, 102 aratra 1 , 76 aratro 4, 41 Arcadia? 3, 9 arcana 5, 29 arcanaque 4, 35 Arcesilas 3, 79 arcessis 2, 45 arcessor 5, 172 arctos 5, 170 arcum 3, 60 Areti 1, 130 argenti 2, 11 62 argento 3, 09 aris 6, 44 aristas 3, 1 15 arma 1, 96. 6, 45 arripit 5, 159 ars 5, 105 articuloa 5, 59 artifex P. 1 1 artificenique 5, 40 artifices 1, 71 artis P. 10 artocreasque 6, 60 arundo 3, 1 1 asini 1, 121 asper 3, 69 aspexi 1, 10 aspice 1, 125 assem 1, 88 assciiHi're 1 , 36 assiduc 3, 1 assiduo 4, 18 iisHJgna 5, HI VERBAL INDEX ast 2, 3!). (i, 27 74 astrinpas 5, 1 10 astrum a, 51 astutam 5, 1 17 attingeS, 108 attamen 2, 48. 5, 159 Attis 1, 93 105 avaritia 5, 132 audaci 1, 123 ande (3, 49 audi 6, 42 audiat 2, 8 audiet 5, 137 audire 1, 84 audiret 3, 47 audis 1, 125 avia2, 31. G, 65 avias 5, 92 avidos 5, 150 avis 1, 46 auratis 3, 40 aurea 2, 58 aure 1, 126. G, 70 aurein 2, 21. 5, 86 96 aures 4, 50. 5, 63 auriculas 1, 59 108 121.2, 30 aurieuiis 1 , 22 23 auro 2, 53 .55. 4,44. 5, 106 aurum 2, .59 69 ausim 5, 2G Auster 6, 12 aut5, 88 twice. 6, 16 avunculus 6, 60 axe 5, 72 B. Baccam 2, 66 balanatum 4, 37 balba 1, 33 balnea 5, 126 balteus 4, 44 barba 2, 58 barbam 1, 133. 2, 28 barbatum 4, 1 baro 5, 138 Bassaris 1, 101 Basse 6, 1 Batbylli 5, 123 Baucis 4, 21 beatulus 3, 103 belle 1 , 49 twice bellum 1, 87 twice bene 1, HI. 4, 22 30 T?crecvntius 1 , 93 Bostius (i, 37 beta 3, 114 bi hulas 4, 50 bioipiti /'. 2 l)icolor 3, 10 bi dental 2, 27 bile, 2, 14.4, 6 bilis 3, 8. 5, 144 bis terque 2, 16 blaudi 5, 32 blando 4, 15 bombis 1 , 99 bona 2, 5 8 63. 6, 21 37 bone 2, 22. 3, 94. 6, 43 boni 4, 17 bove 2, 44 boves 1, 74 Bovillas 6, 55 brafatis 3, 53 brevis 5, 121 Brisfci I, 76 bruma 6, 1 Bruttia 6, 27 Bruto 6, 85 buccas 6, 13 bullaque 5, 31 bullatis 5, 19 bullit 3, 34 buxum 3, 61 Caballino P. 1 cachinno 1,12 cachinnos 3, 87 cadat 5, 91 cadunt 3, 102 cseco 1, 62 csecum 4, 44 csedimus 4, 42 ca;dit 1, 106 calestium 2, 61 cajpe 4, 31 CERrnlea 6, 33 Cffiiuleum 1, 94 Cajsare 6, 43 cseso 2, 44 CsRsonia 6, 47 Calabrum 2, 65 calamo 3, 12 19 calcaverit 2, 38 calces 3, 105 calet 3, 108 calice 6, 20 calidffi 4, 7 calido 5, 144 calidum 1, 63 caliduniquo 3, 100 callom 3, 67 calles 4, .55 105 callidior 3, 51 callidus 1, 118, 5, 14 Callirhoi-n 1, 134 caioni 5, 95 calve 1, 56 canielo 5, 136 Camena 5, 21 camino 5, 10 campo 5, 57 cainpos 2, 36 candela^ 3, 103 Candida 3, 110 candidus2, 2.4, 20. 5, 33 canicula 3, 5 49 canina 1, 109 canis 1, 60. 5. 65 1.59 canitiem 1, 9 cannabe 5, 146 cane 1, 83 cantare P. 14 cantas 1, 89 cantaverit 4, 22 cantet 1, 88 canthum 5, 71 canto 5, 166 capillis 3, 10 capite 3, 8 lOG. 5, 18 capiti 1, 83 Cappadocas 6, 77 caprificus 1, 25 captis 6, 4G caput 1, 100. 2, 16. 3, 58.5, 188 carisque 3, 70 earbone 5, 108 caret culpa 3, 33 carmen P. 7 carmina 1, 20 43 68. 5, 2 carminis 5, 5 carpamus 3, 151 casice 6, 36 casiam 2, 64 casses 5, 170 castiges 1, 7 castoreum 5, 135 catasta 6, 77 eaten £e 5, 160 catino 3, 111 catinum 5, 182 Catonis 3, 45 Cauda 5, 183 caudam 4, 16 caules 6, 69 causas 3, 66 cautus 4, 49. 6, 24 ccdo, /or da, 2, 75 cedro 1, 42 cclsa 1,17 censen 6, 168 censoremque 3, 29 centenas 5, 26 centeno 5, 6 centum 1 , 29. 5, 1 2 tivicelQl. 6,48 centuriones 5, 189 centurionum 3, 77 centusse 6, 191 ceraso 6, 36 cerdo 4, 61 certe 5, 51 certo 5, 45 100 certum 5, 65 cervice 1 , 98 cervices 3, 41 cespite 6, 31 cessas 6, 127 cesses 4, 33 cessit 5, 30 cetera 6, 122 cevea 1, 87 Cbffirestratus 6, 162 chartffi 3, 11 ehartis 5, 62 chirasjjra 5, 68 chlainj'des 6, 46 chord fR 6, 2 Chrysidis 6, 165 Chrysippe G, 80 cicer 6, 1 77 ciconia I, 68 cicutse 4, 2. 6, 145 cinere 6, 41 cinis 1, 36. 5, 152. 6, 45 cinnama 6, 35 cippus 1, 37 circum, preposition, 1, 32 117 cirratorum 1 , 29 citius 5, 95 cito 5, 161 citreis 1, 53 cives 6, 9 cladem 6, 44 clam 1, 119 clamet 2, 22 23 clare 2, 8. 6, 61 clarum 3, 1 claudere 1, 93 clauso 6, 1 1 Cleanthea 6, 64 clientis 3, 75 clivumque 6, 66 TO PERSIUS. Coa 5, 135 cocta 3, 22 coctum 1, 97 coena 5, 147 coenam 6, 38 coenanda 5, 9 coenare 6, 16 cognoscere 6, 9 cognoscite 3, 66 colligis 1, 22.5, 85 coUo 3, 50 colluerit 1, 18 comitem 1 , 54 comites 5, 32 coniitiim 3, 7 committere 2, 4 commota 4, 6 compage 3, 58 compescere 5, 100 compita 4, 28. 5, 35 compositas 3, 91 compositum 2, 73 compositus 3, 104 conari P. 9 cognatis 5, 164 concessit 5, 119 conchae 2, 66 Concordia 5, 49 condidit 6, 29 conditur 2, 14 connives 6, 50 coDsentire 5, 46 eonsumere 5, 41 consumsimus 5, 68 contemnere 3, 21 contentus 5, 139 continet 5, 98 continue 5, 190 contra 5, 96 convivas 1 , 38 coquatur 6, 69 coquit 3, 6 coquitur 5, 10 cor 1, 7H. 2, 54.3, 111.6, 10 corbes 1, 71 cornea 1, 47 cornicaris 5, 12 comua 1, 99 Cornute 5, 23 37 coqiora 5, 187 corpuxquc 2, 41 corrupto 2, 64 corticc 1, 96 corvojf P. 13. 3,61 corymbis 1, 101 costa6, 31 co9t:un 1 , 95 coxit 2, (io eras 5, dii Iwicf. 68 twice craosa 2, 42 Crassi 2, 36 crassisque 3, 104 crasso 6, 40 erassos 5, 60 erassum 5, 190 crassus 3, 12 erateras 2, 52 Cratero 3, 65 Cratino 1, 123 credam 4, 47 credas P. 14. 5, 161 crede 4, 1 credens 1, 129 credere 5, 80 crepet 2, 11. 5, 25 crepidas 1, 127 crepuere 3, 101 creta 5, 108 cretata 5, 177 cribro3, 112 crimina 1, 85 crispante 3, 87 Crispin! 5, 126 crudi 1,51 crudis 1, 92 crudo 2, 67 crudum 5, 162 crura 4, 42 cubito 4, 34 cuinam 2, 19 cuique 5, 53 cuivis 2, 6 cujus 4, 25 culpa 3, 33 culpam 5, 16 cultor 5, 63 cultrixque 3, 26 cumini 5, 55 cunis 2, 31 cur 3, 16 85.5,89. 6, 61 curas, noun, 1, 1 curata 4, 18 cures 2, 18 Curibus 4, 26 euro 3, 78 curras 5, 72 currere 3,91 curta 4, 52 curtaveris 6, 34 curto 5, 191 curva 4, 12 curvip 2, 61 curvoH 3, 52 curvus 6, 16 cu8t08 5, 30 cuticula 4, 18 cuti^t 3, 63 Cynico 1, 133 D. Da 2, 45 46. 4, 45 dabit 6, 35 dabitur 2, 50 Dam a 5, 76 79 damnosa 3, 49 damus 2, 71- 5, 22 dant 6, 8 dare 2,71.5,20 93 dat 1, 68 datum 5, 124 datus 3, 68 Dave 5, 161 168 de 1, 33 55 109. 3, 77 84 92. 5, 92. 6, 30 31 deque 6, 55 debilis 5, 99 deceat 3, 27 71 lU decenter 1, 84 deceptus 2, 50 decerpere 5, 42 decies 6, 79 decipe 4, 45 decoctius 1, 125 decoquit 5, 57 decor 1, 92 decorus 4, 14 decursu 6, 61 decusi-a 3, 112 dedecus 1,81.5, 163 dederam 5, 118 dedit5, 105 deest (or dest) 6, 64 defecerit 3, 76 defensis 3, 74 defer 5. 126 defigere 5, 16 dei,/o/- dii, 6, 30 deinde 4, 8. 5, 143 delphin 1, 94 delumbe 1, 104 deraeisus 3, 34 demersos 1, 106 deniiim 1, 64 denique 1, 52 dentalia 1, 73 dente 6, 21 dentes 3, 101 deorum 2, 29 deos 5, 187 depellentibus 5, 167 deposcere 5, 26 deprendorc 3, 62 depunge 6, 79 der.ndere 4, 29 dcHcenderu 4, 23 definis 4, 16 despuat 4, .36 denpumare 3, .3 destcrtuit6, 10 dctorius3,96.4,21 detonsa 3, 64 detoiisus 4, 3l5 deuuces 5, 150 deus 3, 71. 6, 62 dexter 3, 48 dextram 3, 107 dextro 2, 11.3,57. 5, 114 dia 1, 31 die 2, 22. 4,3.6,51 dicam I, 56. 6, 58 dicas 1, 23. 3, 9. 5, 17 158 171 dicat 3, 42 78. 4, 46 dicenda 4, 5 dicere 1, 8 44 68 128.4, 2 dicier 1, 28 dicisque 3, 117 dicit 3, 90 dicite 1, 55. 2, 69 dicta 6, 66 dictarunt 1, 52 dictata 1 , 29 dictaturam 1, 74 didicisse 1 , 24 didicit 1, 93 diducit 5, 35 diduxit 3, 56 diem 2, 1. 4, 15. 5, 67 dies 3, 15. 5, 46 60 180 digito 1, 28. 3, 33. 5, 138 digitum 5, 119 digna 1, 42 dignoscere5,24 105 diluis 5, 100 diiutas 3, 14 Dinomacbes 4, 20 dira 3, 36. 4, 2 dirigat 1, (^Q dirigis 3, 60 dirimebat 1, 94 dis 2, 63. 4, 27. 5, 167. 6, 48 disce 3, 73. 5, 91 discedo 1, 114 discere 3, 46 discemis 4, 1 1 discincti 3, 31 discincto 4, 22 discitc 3, 66 discolor 5, 52 discrepet (>, 18 discutilur 2, 25 disponinius 5, 43 dispositiu 5, 181 diH! edictum 1, 134 exhalante 3, 99 favilla 1,39 divis '2, 4 eftluis 3, 20 exhalct 6, 148 faxit 1, 112 (livuin '2,31.S, 35 eft'iindat 1 , 65 exieras 5, 174 feci 1,44,6, 78 dixoris 5, 113 l!?9 egerit 5, 69 exierit 1, 25 feeisse 4, 7 dixit 5, 81 egit 6, 131 exiino 6, 67 felix 1, 37 do 1, 134 ego 1,45.5,26 134. exis5, 130 feneris 6, 67 docet 3, 63 6, 12 22 62 exit 1,45 46.6, 78. fenestra 5, 180 doctas 1, 86 fgregie 6, 49 6, 60 fenestras 3, 1 doctores 6, 38 egregios 6, 6 exoptas 2, 44 feram, verb, 2, 53 doctus 5, 16 cgregium 4, 46 exossatus 6, 52 ferat 3, 62 docuit P. 9 eheu 5, 137 expecta 4, 19 lermentum 1, 24 dolores 5, 161 eia 5, 132 expedivit P. 8 ferret 3,48 dolosi P. 12 elargiri 3, 71 expers 6, 139 fert animus 4, 7 domini 5, 130 elegidia 1, 61 expiat 2, 34 ferrum 6, 4 doiiiinos 5, 166 elevet 1 , 6 exporrecto 3, 82 ferto 2, 48 dominum 5, 126 eliquat 1, 36 expungam 2, 13 ferveat 1, 126 doininus 5, 78 elixasque 4, 40 exsere 5, 119 fervebit 5, 9 domo, 3, 92 emaci 2, 3 exspes 2, 50 ferventi 3, 37 dciinuin 1 , 76 en;eris 2, 30 exstat 4, 38 ferventis 2, 67 doinusque 2, 25 emeruit 5, 74 exstet 1 , 67 fervescit 3, 116 dona 2, 63 emole 6, 26 exsultat 1, 89 fervet 4, 6 donant 5, 82 einta 6, 20 exsuperat 3, 82 ferus5, 171 donare 1 , 54 en 1,26.3,5.6, 164 extendit3,2105.6, fesA 6, 69 donas 6, 67 enarrabile 5, 29 38 festuea 5, 175 donata 5, 31 enim 1, 47 63. 5, extincta 6, 166 fetum 2, 46 donatffi 2, 70 63 extinxerit 5, 145 fiat 2, 38 donaveris 4, 60 Enni 6, 10 extis 2, 48. 6, 71 fibral,47.2,45.5. donee 2, 60 ensis 3, 40 extra 1, 7 113 183 dubites 5, 46 epulisS, 98. 6, 42 extremumque 1, 48 fibris 2, 26. 3, 32 ducentis 6, 4 equidem 1, 1 10. 5, extrinsecils 5, 128 fictile 2, 60 ducere 2, 63. 5, 83 19 45 fidele 2,41 duci, verb, 5, 46 erat 3, 49. 5, 93 F. fidelia 3, 22 73. 5, ducis, verb, 3, 28 Ergennaque 2, 26 183 duels, noun, 6, 48 eris 6, 42 Fabula 5, 3 152 fidelibus 6, 48 dueit 5, 40 176 erit 1, 4. 5, 69 faee3, 116.5, 166 fides, noun, 2, 8 duduni 3, 6 eritis 1, HI facere 5, 97 fierent 1, 103 dulcia 6, 161 error 5, 34 faeiam 1, 12.6, 172 fies 5, 1.52 duleis 5, 23 109 escas 1, 22 faeies, noun, 2, 66 fiet 6, 66 (tvice dum 4,21.5, 10 92 essedaque 6, 47 facinus 1, 10 figas 4, 33 165 etenim 1, 111 facis 4, 48 figentes 3, 80 duo 1, 3 etsi 6, 14 facisque 3, 117 figit 4, 28 duorum 5, 49 euge 1, 49 75 111. faeit 2, 69. 5, 76 figura 6, 73 duos 1, 113 5, 167 fseeem 4, 32 figuras 1, 86 duplica 6, 78 Evion 1, 102 fagi 6, 69 filius 6, 59 dupliei 6, 154 evitanda 5, 107 Falernum 3, 3 filix 4, 41 durum 3, 112 evitandumque 2, 27 fallere 6, 37 finditur 3, 9 Eupolidem 1, 124 fallier 3, 60 fine 3, 24 E. ex adverse 1, 44 fallit 4, 12 finem 5, 65 ex humero 1 , 90 fania 2, 8 finemque 1 , 48 E manibus 1, 38. 3, , ex tempore 3, 62. far 3, 25. 5, 74 fingendus 3, 24 101 examen 5, 101 farina 3, 112 finire 5, 161 e tumulo 1, 39 examenque 1, 6 farina; 6, 116 finitor 6, 80 e sitiente camelo 6 , excepto 5, 90 farragine 5, 77 fissa 6, 70 136 exclamet 5, 103 farrata 4, 31 fistula 3, 14 ebenum 5, 135 excussit 3, 115 farre 2, 75 fit 6, 38 ebiia 1,51 excusso 1, 118 fas 1,S twice. 3, 69 , fixi 5, 27 ebriu^ 5, 166 exeute 1, 49. 6, 76 6,98 fixum 6, 111 ebullit2, 10 exeutias 2, 54 fas est 1, 61. 6, 26 Flaecus 1, 116 ecce 1,30 69.2,31 . excutienda 6, 22 fasque 2, 73 flagellas 4, 49 6, 68 excutit 3, 101 fata 5, 49 flagelio, noun, 3, 51 echo, 1, 102 excutitur 6, 45 fauces 3, 113 flammas 2, 47 ecquid 3, 6") exemit 2, 32 faucibus 3, 89 flexura 1, 101 TO PERSIUS. flexus 3, 68 Floralia 5, 178 fluere 1 , 64 flumine 2, 16 foci 3, 26 foco 6, 1 focus 1 , 72 foedere 5, 45 foenisecffi 6, 40 foeno 1, 72 foenoris 6, 67 fcetum 2, 46 folle5, 11 fonte P. 1 forcipe 4, 40 forent5, 107 fores, noun, 5, 166 forte 1, 45 108 125. 3, 109 fortunare 2, 45 fortunataque 1, 39 fossor 5, 122 fracta 1 , 89 fractus 1, 18 frangam 6, 165 frange 6, 32 frangimus 5, 50 fratres 2, 56 fregerit 1,130.6,59 fregit 1. 115 fretus 4, 3 frigent 3, 109 frigescant I, 109 frigidus 6, 45 fronte 5, 116 frontem 5, 104 frontemque 2, 32 fruge 5, 64 frustra 3, 63. 5, 71 fueris 5, 11 5 fuge 6, 65 fugit 5, 153 160 fuisse 1 , 29 fulta 1, 78 fulto 5, 146 fumo 5, 20 fumosa 1, 72 fumosum 6, 7'' fundf 2, 3 fundi), iioti/i, 2, 51 funemque 6, 1 18 funeri>< 6, 33 funusi 2, 10 fur 1 , 86 Gaili 5, 186 gannit 5, 96 gaudere 1,132.6, 63 gaiisapa 6, 46 gausape 4, 37 gemina 4, 10 geminos 5, 49. 6, 18 gemuerunt 3, 39 generis 6, 60 generoso 2, 74 generum 2, 37 genio 2, 3. 6, 151. 6, 19 genioque 4, 27. 6, 48 gente 3, 77 genuinum 1, 115 GermantE 6, 44 gestas 6, 49 gestit 1, 127 gigni 3, 83 gignimur 3, 67 glutto 5, 112 Glyconi 5, 9 Grsece 1, 70 Graecos 5, 191 Graiorum 1, 127 Graios 6, 38 gran a 5, 55 granaria 5, 110. 6, 25 grande 1, 14. 5, 7 grandes 1,68.5, 186 grandi 3, 55 grandia 3, 45. 6, 22 grave 5, 12 gravem 5, 50 gravis 3, 89 gregibus 2, 46 gurgite 2, 16 gurgulio 4, 38 gustaveris 6, 188 guttas 2, 54. 3, 14 guttur 1, 17 gutture 3, 97. 5, 6 H. Habes 4, 44 habet 1,50 121.3, 70. 5, 176 habita 4, 62 hac 2, 63 ha-c 2, 64 66 &c. htfireat 5, 121 hasres 2, 19 halitus 3, 89 hamo .5, 154 hau.l 2, 6.3, 36 52 114. 4, 19.6. 58 hand mora 5, 171 hebenuiii 6, 135 h<'drr,f /'. 6 Hflic'iif 5, 7 HulicoDidafiquu I'A helleborum 3, 63. 6, 100 heminas 1, 130 herba 6, 26 Hereule 1,2.2, 12 heres 2, 12. 6, 33 41 56 herilis 5, 131 heroas 1, 69 Herodis 5, 180 hestemi 3, 106 hesternum 3, 59. 5, 68 heu 6, 75 heus 2, 17. 3, 94 bianda 5, 3 hiantem 5, 176 hibematque 6, 7 hircosa 3, 77 hoc 5, 82 &c. hoc pacto 4, 43 hominis 3, 118 hominum 1, 1. 5, 62 98 honesto 2, 74. 6, 5 honorel, 129 bora 5, 48 163 horoscope 6, 18 horridulum 1, 64 hortante 6, 21 bos 2, 62 hospes 2, 8 huccine 3, 15 humana 3, 72 humero 1, 90 humeros 1, 32 humilesque 2, 6 humor 3, 12 hunceine 5, 155 hyacinthina 1, 32 Hypsipylas 1, 34 I. J. I 4, 19.5, 126 jaces 2, 27 jacet 6, 29 jactare 4, 15 jactat 6, 176 jam2,49/jn>r60&c. jam duduni 3, 6 janijam 2, 50 jamne 6, 2 J am pride ni 3, 97 jamqiie 6, 30 Jane 1 , 58 idcirco 2, 28 iilem 5, 66 ideo 6, 23 idonea 6, 20 jecore 1,26. 5, 120 igitur 1, 98. 2, 21. 4, 14. 5, 172. 6, 48 ignoras 5, 125. 6,43 ignoscite 1, 11 ignotus 4, 34 iguovisse 2, 24 ilex 2, 24 ilia 4, 43 Iliade 1, 123 Ilias 1, 50 illita 3, 53 illud2,55.4,9^M;/ce ilium 3, 105 imagines P. 5 imitari 1, 59 immejat 6, 73 immittere 2, 62 immurmurat 2, 9 imo 2, 61 impallescere 5, 62 impellere 2, 21 impellit 5, 128 impello 2, 13 impensius 6, 68 imperio 6, 158 implerunt 1, 99 imprimit 1,37 improbe 4, 47 improbum 1, 6 impulit 2, 59 impune 5, 32 impunitior 5, 130 imus 3, 41 42 inane 1, 1 inanes 2, 61 inclusi 1, 13 incolumis 6, 37 incoctum 2, 74 increpuit 6, 127 iucrevit 3, 32 incurvasse 1,91 incusaque 2, 62 incussere 5, 187 inde 1, 126. 6, 163 indomitum 3, 3 induco 6, 49 induit 1, 74 indulge 5, 151 indulges 1, 41 indujgef 5, 57 induto 3, 106 inepte 5, 12 inuptus 5, 176 iiicx])ertiirii 3, 32 infunii 2, 33 infelix 3, Hi. 6, 13 inflantcs6, 187 infodiain 1, 120 iiifiiii(l<.Tc 1, 79 infusa 3, 13 G VERBAL INDEX ingerainivt 1,102.3, ingemit 4, 30 iiigemuere 5, (>] iiipeiiique F. 10 ingeniumS, 37- 4, 4 ingciis 6, 190. (i, 7 iiigeutesl,'20. (!,30 iiiginitesi)iu> 6, 47 ingenuo 5, 16 ingcre 5, 177 ingeris 5, 6 inguine 5, 4. 6, 72 inguinibus 4, 38 inhiliere 2, 34 iniquas 1, 130 innata est 1 , 2 inodora 6, 35 inopi 6, 32 inops 6, 28 inquis 1, 55 112. G, 51 inquit5,85132 133 insana 3, 5 insane 5, 143 inscitia 5, 99 inseris 5, 63 insignem 6, 44 insomnis 3, 54 inspice 3, 88 89 instantique 5, 167 instat 5, 133 insulso 5, 9 intabeseantque 3 ,38 integer 6, 1 73 intendis 5, 13 intendisse 6, 4 intendit 2, 49 intepet 6, 7 intima 1, 21 intortos 5, 38 intrant 1,21 intrat 3, 2. 5, 128 introrsiim 2, 9 intumuit 5, 146 intns 1, 24 50. 3, 30 42.5,129 inventus 6, 80 invideas 3, 73 invigilat 3, 55 jocos 6, 5 lonio 6, 29 Jove 2, 18. 5, 50 114 139 Jovemque 2, 43 Jovis 2, 21 ira3, 116. 5, 91 iratis 4, -27 iratum 1, 124 iratiLS 3, 18. 6, 34 irriguo 5, 56 irrorans 6, 21 ista4, 41 istas 3, 19 iste 6, 71 istuc 1,81 istiid 3, 94 ita, 6, 38 ita est 5,81 Italis 5, 64 Italo 1, 129 itane3, 7 iter 5, 34 jubente 2, 26 jubeo 5, 161 jubet 6, 10 "judex 2, 20 judice 5, 80 jugum 4, 28 junctura 1, 65 92. 5, 14 junicum 2, 47 Jupiter2,2223 Marco 5, 79 HO Marcu8 5, 79 HI mare 6, 146. 6, 7 marem 6, 4 mari.4 6, 39 Marsi 3, 75 mascula 5, 144 massa 5, 10 massEP 2, 67 Masuri 5, 90 matertera 2, 31. 6, 54 mavis 4, 45 mavult 5, 56 maxillis 4, 37 medendi 5, 101 medico 3, 90 Medis 3, 53 meditantes 3, 83 meditor 5, 162 mejite, 1, 114 Melicerta 5, 103 melior 4, 16 meliore 2, 1 membrana 3, 10 membris 3, 115 meraini P. 3. 3, 44. 5, 41 meminisse 5, 179 memor 5, 153 men 1, 88 119 mendax 5, 77 mendose 5, 85 mendosum 5, 106 mens 2, 8 mensa 5, 44 mensasque 5, 17 mentes 5, 35 mentis 2, 74 mepliites 3, 99 mera 5, 82 meracas 4, 16 mercare 6, 75 mercede 2, 29 merces 6, 67 mercibus 6, 54 Mercurialem 5, 112 Mercuriumque2,44 Mercurius 6, 62 raergis, verb, 2, 15 mergis, 7i(nm, 6, 30 meruisse I, 42 merum, 2, 3 Mes8ala> 2, 72 messe 6, 25 messes 3, 5 metffi 3, 6H metaa 1, 131 metuam 1,47 metuas 3, 2(>. 6, 41 metuens2,31.4,29 metuentia 1, 43 metuiH 6, 26 metus 5, 131 mille 5, 52 millesime 3, 28 milvuH 4, 26 Mimalloneis 1 , 99 min 1, 2 minimum 2, 17 minuas 6, 37 minui 6, 16 64 minutum 3, 17 miree 1, 111 mire 6, 3 miseere 5, 122 miser 3 , 1 5 twice 107 miserabile 1, 3 miseri 3, 66 miserisque 5, 65 missa est 6, 43 mittit 2, 36 raittunt 2, 57 mobile 1, 18 mobilis 1 , 59 modesto 5, 149 modice 3, 92 modieo 5, 15 modicum 3, 25 modicus 5, 109 modo L, 44 69 modus 3, 69 mcesto 5, 3 moile3, 23 110 moUi 1, 63 mollis 3, 68 momento 5, 78 moneat 5, 143 ■ monitus, 1, 79 monstrari 1 , 28 monstravit 3, 57 montes 3, 65 monimenta 3, 75 morantur 2, 43 morbo 3, 64 mordaei 1, 107. 5, 86 mordens 4, 30 more 1,19 morem 3, 31 mores 1, 26 67. 2, 62. 3, 52. 4, 35. 5, 15 38 moretur 1, 77 morientis 4, 32 morituri 3, 46 moror 1,111 morosa 6, 72 mos 5, 1 moveare 5, 123 moveat 1 , 88 movrrit 3, 37 moves 5, 184 mox 5, 108. 6, 5 Muci I, 115 multa 3, 73, 4, 49. 6, 8 multum 1,132.3,46 multiimque 3, 86 mundi 6, 76 munera 4, 51 muria 6, 20 muriee 2, 65 murmura 3, 81 murmure 5, 11 murmurque 2, 6 musa 1 , 68 mutat 2, 60. 5, 54 mutire 1, 119 Mycenis 5, 17 N. Namque 2, 13 nare 1, 33 109 naribus 1, 4l nascentur 1, 40 nascuntur 5, 130 naso 1, 118. 3, 87. 5, 91. 6, 17 nata 5, 48 natalibus 6, 19 natalitia 1 , 16 natat 1, 105. 5, 183 nates 4, 40 Nattfe 3, 31 natiira 5, 101 naturaque 5, 98 navem 5, 141 naufragus 1 , 88 navim 5, 102 nebulam 6, 181 nebulas 5, 7 nee P. 1 2. l,7&c. nectar P. 14 nefas 1, 119. 5, 122 negaris 5, 157 negas 5, 133 negatas P. 11 negato 2, 39 negliget 6, 34 nemo 1 , 2 twice 3. 4, 23 twice nemon 3, 8 nempe 2, 70. 3, 1. 6,67 ncpos 6, 71 neque 1, 19. 5, 10 &c. nequea-s 2, 4 ncquicquam 2, 61. 4, 14 50 Nerea 1 , 94 Nerio2, 14 nervis 2, 41 nervos 4, 45. 5, 129 nescio 6, 61 nescio quid 3, 88. 5, 12 8 VERBAL INDEX neseire 6, 30 nescit 3, 33 nescius 5, 34 101 neu 3, 51. 6, 66 nigra 3, 13 tiigri 5, 185 nitrruni 4, 13 nihilo 1, 30. 3, 84 nihilum 3, 84. 6, 66 nilne 1, 83 nimis 1, 40 niti 5, 6 nocte 1, 90 noctem 2, 16 noctes 5, 42 nocturnis 6, 62 nodosaque 3, 11 Dodum 6, 169 nollein 3, 45 nolo 1, 11 nonne 1 , 96 non queo 5, 133 nonsecus ac si 1, 66 uonaria 1, 133 nondum 3, 76 noris 4, 52. 5, 18 nosse 6, 24 nostin 4, 25 nostra P. 9. 5, 47 178 nostioe 5, 22 115 nostro 1, 68. 5, 50. 6,14 nostros 2, 62 nostrum P. 7.5,151. 6, 39 notasti 5, 108 novi 3, 30 novimus 4, 43 Dox 3, 91 nucibus 1, 10 nugae 1, 5 nugari 1, 70 nugaris 1,56. 5,169 nugator 5, 127 nugis 5, 19 nulla 1, 58 122. 6, 62 53 54 nullo 6, 120 num 6, 43 Numa; 2, 59 Dumera 2, 1 Dumeris 1, 92. 6, 3. numero 1, 64 nuraeros 1, 13 131. 5, 123 nummiP.12.5, 149 nummo 4, 47 nummos 5, 80 nummum 5, 111 inimnnw2,51.3, 70 iuisi|iiam 1, 119 nutrici 2, 39 nutrieras 6, 150 O. O bone 2, 22. 6, 43 o curas hom. 1, 1 o curva;, &c. 2, 61 o Jane 1, 58 o miser 3, 15 o miseri 3, 66 o mores 1, 26 o si 2, 9 10 ob 6, 16 44 48 obba 5, 148 oberres 6, 156 oberret4, 26.6,32 objurgabere 6, 169 obscoenum 5, 1G5 obsequio 6, 156 obstat 5, 141 obstem 5, 163 obstipo capite 3, 80 obstiteris 6, 157 obvia 6, 30 occa 6, 26 occipiti 1, 62 occurrite 1 , 62. 3, 64 ocello 1, 18 ocius 2, 24. 3, 7. 6, 141 oculi 3, 117 oculo 1, 66 oeulos 2, 34. 3, 44. 5,33 ocyma 4, 22 cenophorum 6, 140 oflfas 5, 5 officia 5, 94 officium 6, 27 ohe 1, 24 oletum 1, 112 oleum 6, 50 dim 6, 71 olive 2, 64. 3, 44 olla4, 31.6,8 olus3, 112. 6, 20 omenta 2, 47 omento 6, 74 omne 1, 116. 3, 6. 6, 76 omnem 6, 28 omnes 1, 1 11. 6, 14 omnia 1, 110 opem 2, 41 opera; 6, 9 opertum 1, 121 opifex 6, 3 opiino 2, 48 opimum 3, 32 oportot 5, 155 optare 5, 2 optent 2, 37 optea 1 , 84 opus I, 67. 3, 65. 6,43 opus est 6, 73 ora 6, 2. 6, 6 orbis 2, 20 orca 3, 76 orcse 3, 50 ordo 3, 67 ore 3, 113.5, 15 Orestes 3, 118 orti 6, 15 OS 1, 42 oscitat 3, 59 ossa 1, 37. 6, 35 ostendisse 6, 24 ovato 2, 55 orium 2, 26 ovoque 5, 185 P. Pacto 4, 43 Pacuviusque 1, 77 pagina 5, 20 palajstritae 4, 39 palato 1, 35 Palilia 1, 72 palleat 4, 43 pallentes 5, 15 pallentis 5, 65 palles 1, 124. 3, 85 94 96. 4, 47. 5, 80 184 pallidamque P. 4 pallor 1, 26 palmis 6, 39 palpo 5, 176 palumbo 3, 16 palustrem 5, 60 pandere 4, 36 pannosam 4, 32 pannucea 4, 21 paps' 5, 79 pappare 3, 17 par 6, 6 paratum 1, 90 paratus 1, 132. 6, 36 Parca 5, 48 parere 5, 168 paria 6, 48 pariter 5, 43 Parnasso P. 2 pars 2, 6. 5, 23 160 parte 3, 72 Parthi 6, 4 parvum 6, 120 parvus 3, 44 passim 3, 61 pasta 3, 55 patella 3, 26. 4, 17 pater 3, 36 47- 6, 58 paterna 6, 66 paterni 1, 103 patemo3, 24 patince 2, 42. 6, 21 patranti 1, 18 patres 1, 79 patriae 3, 70 patriam 5, 164 patricice 6, 73 patricius 1, 61 patruelis 6, 68 patrui 6, 54 patruos 1, 11 patruus 2, 10 patula 3, 6 pavido 5, 30 paulo 6, 115 paulum 5, 69. 6, 42 pavone 6, 1 1 peccas 5, 119 peccat 2, 68 hcice peccent 6, 36 pecori 6, 13 pectas 4, 37 pectine 6, 2 pectore2, 53.3, 107. 5, 27 117 144 pectus 2, 74. 3, 88 pecuaria 3, 9 pecunia3, 109 pecus 2, 46. 3, 6 pedel, 13. 4, 12 pedes 3, 108 pedibus 5, 18 Pedio 1 , 86 Pedius 1, 85 Pegaseium P. 14 pejoribus 6, 16 pelle 4, 14 pellem 5, 140 pellere 1, 84 pelliculam 6, 116 pellis 3, 96 penates 2, 45 pendas 1, 30 pendeat 3, 12 pendens 3, 40 penem 4, 48 penemque 4, 36 penu 3, 74 pependit 6, 31 perages 5, 139 TO PERSIUS. 9 peragit 6, 22 perciissa 3, 21 percute 5, 168 perdat 3, 33 perditus, 1, 23 perducis 2, 56 pergant 5, 150 perge 3, 97 Pericli 4, 3 pericula 1, 83. 5, 185 perisse 5, 103 perita 2, 34 permisit 5, 33 permittere 5, 94 perna- 3, 75 peronatus 5, 102 pertusa 4, 28 pes 3, 62 pessime 2, 46 petis 5, 149 petite 5, 64 ■ petulans 1, 133 petulant! 1, 12 pex usque 1, lo phalera-s 3, 30 Phyllidas 1, 34 picas P. 13 picasque P. 9 pice 5, 148 pictae 5, 25 pictum 1, 89 pictus 6, 32 piger 5, 132 pilea 5, 82 pilos 4, 5 pinge 1, 113 pingitur 6, 63 pingue 3, 33 pinguem 5, 181 pingues 2,42.6, 77 pingui 1, 96. 2, 62 pinguibus 3, 74 pinguior 6, 14 pinguis 1, 67 pinsit 1, 58 piper 3, 75. 5, 65 136. 6, 21 pipere 6, 39 Pirenen P. 4. pituita2, 67 plantaria 4, M pla.sinate 1,17 plaudentibus 4, 31 piausisse 6, 77 plebccula 4, 6 plebeikS, 114 plebeiaque 6, 18 plorabile 1 , 34 plorabit 1, 91. 6, 168 pluteum 1, 106 pociila 1, 30 poemata 1, 31 poeta P. 3. 1, 75 poetffi 1, 36 68 poetas P. 13 poetrias P. 13 polenta 3, 55 politus 5, 116 pollice 5, 40. 6, 5 Polj-damas 1, 4 ponatur 5, 3 pondus 5, 20 pone 3, 107 ponere 1, 70. 5, 53. 6, 23 pontifices 2, 69 Ponto 5, 134 popa 6, 74 popello 4, 15. 6, 50 populi 1 , 42 63. 3, 112. 4, 1 populo 1, 15. 4, 36 50. 5, 178 populum 1, 118. 3, 30 86 porei 1, 72 portam 3, 105 portantes 5, 182 portes 1 , 90 porticus 3, 64 portum 6, 9 poscas 2, 15 poscat 6, 102 posf-entes 3, 64 poscere 5, 1 poscis 2, 3 41. 3, 18. 6, 61 poscit I, 128 positis 3, 10 positum est 3, 111 posse 1, 83. 3, 84 possidet 5, 75 possint 5, 178 possis 6, 1 11 possit 2, 72 post 1, 134 posterior 5, 72 postibus 6, 46 posticaj 1, 62 postquam 3, 90. 5, 88. 6, 10 38 poHuissc 1, 86 poto 1 , 56 poten 4, 46 potior 2, 20 potiH ('.» 4, 13 potiu.t 3, 16 prjf^beir.uH 4, 42 prttbct 2, 28 pra'ccdenti 4, 24 1' praecipites 3, 42 prsecipui 2, 58 prEeclarum 2, 10 prsecordia I, 117.5, 22 preedia 4, 25 prsedictum 5, 188 praefigere 4, 13 prsegrandi 1, 124 prffilargus 1, 14 praeparet 6, 12 praeponere 2, 18 praestantior 6, 76 praesto 6, 56 praetegit 4, 45 praeteritos 5, 162 praetore 5, 88 practoribus 5, 114 prjptoris 5, 93 pra'trepidum 2, 54 praetulerint 1, 5 prandeat 3, 85 prandia 1, 67 134. 5, 18 prcce 2, 3 premis 5, 11 premitur 5, 39 prendit 6, 23 presso 5, 109 prima 3, 76 primas 5, 42 primordia 6, 3 primum 5, 30 primus 5, 136 prior 6, 61 prius o, 108 pro nihilo 1, 30 probo, 7WU71, 1, 19 proceres 1 , 52 jirocerum 2, 5 Proenes 5, 8 prod i rem P. 3 producis 6, 19 progenies 6, 67 proh 2, 22 prohibes 6, 51 prolui P. 1 promittere 3, 65 prompti- 6, 58 proniptum 2, 6 pronei)tis 6, 53 propago 2, 72 prope 4, 34. 5, 70. 6, 60 proj)c'n.so 1 , 57 properandus 3, 23 jiropinquiH 3, 70 propria 6, 25 protiniis 1 , 110 protuleriin 1, 89 proxima 3, 43 II proximus 2, 12 prudentia 4, 4 psittaco P. 8 pubis 6, 44 publica 5, 98 Publins 5, 74 pudet 1, 83. 3, 31 puena3, 110 puellae 2, 37 puer 5, 126 167169. 6, 22 69 pueri 1, 113 pueris 1, 79. 3, 17. 4, 31. 5, 140 puerisve 2, 20 puerum 2, 32 pulcrius 5, 179 pulcrum est 1, 28 pulmentaria 3, 102 pulmo 1, 14 pulmone 2, 30. 5, 92 pulmonem 3, 27 pulpa 2, 63 pulsa 5, 24 pultes 6, 40 pulvere 1, 131. 2, 67 puncto 5, 100 punire 3, 35 pupille 4, 3 pupillum 2, 12 puppse 2, 70 puppe 6, 30 pura 5, 28 purgas 2, 16 purgatas 5, 63 purgatissima 2, 57 purpura 5, 30 purpureas 3, 41 purum 3, 25 puta 4, 9 putas 2, 24 puteal 4, 49 putet 3, 73 {)utre 3, 114 putris 6, 58 Pythagoreo 6, 1 1 Q. Qua 3, 68 quaecumque 1, 10 quacque 3, 63. 6, 107 qumre 6, 67 quanrero 6, 65 quaprimus 6, 174 quccrisnc 1, 80 quaerunt 1, 30 10 VKKIiAL INDKK qufpsioris 4, 25 (jua^siveris 1, 7 quam 5, 145 175 qufim 2, 25. 3, 42. 4,52 quamvis 2, 40. 5, 70 tirice quaiiilii 1, 4() quaiuliKiue 4, 28 quail taque 5, 22 qiiantas 5, 5 quantum 1, 1 60. 3, 49 71. 4, 26. 5,27 quare 1,3. 4, 38 quarto 6, 78 quartus 6, .57 quasi 5. 66 quatit 2, 35 querela 1, 91 queritur 3, 12 14 qui 5, 130 qui pote 1, 56 quincunce 6, 149 quinque 4, 39 quinta 3, 4 Quinti 1, 73 Quintus 6, 11 quippe 1, 88 Quiritem .5, 75 QuiritesS, 106. 4,8 quis-quaru 1, 1 12. 5, 83 quisque 5, 73 quisqiiis 1, 44. 6,42 quo 1,24. 3,60 62. 5, 143 twice quo fretiis 4, 3 quo pacto 2, 46 quondam 6, 65 quorsiim 5, 5 quorum P. 5 quos 5, 149 R. Rabiosa 3, 81 radere 1, 107. 3, 114. 5, 15 raderet 3, 50 ramale 1, 97 ramalia 5, 59 ramo.a 3, 56 ramosa 5, 35 ramum 3, 28 rancidulum I, 33 rapiant 2, 38 rapia.s 5, 142 rapidse 5, 94 raptum 1, 100 rara 1 , 46 rasis 1, 85 rasisse 2, 66 rastro 2, 11 ratio 5, 96 119 ratione 3, .36. .">, 39 ratis 6. 31 raucus 5, 11 rccens 5, 136 recenti 1, 15. 5, 64 rect-ptat 6, 8 reeessi 5, 88 recessus 2, 73 recti 1, 41. 5, 121 rectius 4, 9 recto 5, 104 rectum 4, 1 1 recusas 3, IS. 5, 79 recusem 6, 16 reeuset 1,41 recuso 1, 48 reeutitaque 5, 184 redit 6, 79 reduco 5, 118 refulserit P. 12 regina 2, 37 rcgula 4, 12. .'i, 38 regum 1,67. 3, 17. 6, 46 regustatum 5, 138 relaxat 5, 125 relicta3,38. 6, 168 relictam 5, 61 relictis 1, 10. 6, 63 relimiue 5, 1 7 relicjua 5, 87. 6, 53 reliquum 6, 68 tivice remitto P. 5 Remu.s 1, 73 renuis 6, 63 reparabilis I, 102 repente P. 3 repeto 5, 118 repone 6, 66 requiem 5, 43 requiescere 3, 90 re.signent 5, 28 re.sponde 2,17 respondeat 4, 19 respondet 3, 22 rcspue 4, 51 restas 3, 97 retecti 3, 101 retine.s 5, 116 revelio 5,92 reverti 3, 84 rex 2, 37 Rbenos 6, 47 rhombos 6, 23 riflenti 1,116 ridere 1, 122 rides 1, 40 ridet 3, 86. 5, 190 rigida 6, 77 rigid OS 3, 105 rimas 3, 2 ri.sissc 1, 1.32 rite .!, Ill ritu 6, 59 rixauti 5, 178 robusti .0, 5 rodere 6, 170 rodunt 3, 81 rogarit 2, 40 rogavit 3, 93 rogitas 5, 134 Roma 1, 6 Romse 1. 8 Romule 1, 87 Romulidfe 1, 31 rosa 2, 38 rota 3, 24. 5, 72 rubellum 5, 147 rubra 5, 169 rubrieao, 90 rubricam 1, 66 rubrumque 5, 182 rudere 3, 9 rudis 5, 103 rugam 6, 79 rugosaque 5, 91 rugosum 5, 55 ruis 5, 143 rumore 5, 164 rumpere 3, 27. 5, 13 runeantem 4, 36 rupi 5, 158 rupta 6, 27 rupto 1, 25. 5, 185 rure 3, 24 rursiis 3, 34 rus 1, 71 Sabbata 5, 184 Sabino 6, 1 sacer 1,113 sacerdos 5, 186 sacra P. 7 sacras 2, 55 sacro 2, 25 69 sacrum 6, 21 ssepe 3, 44. 6, 9 ssBTos 3, 36 sagittis 4, 42 sale 4, 30 salinum 3, 25. 5, 138 salit3, 111 saliva 1, 104 salivam 5, 112. C, 24 salivis 2, 33 .salutas 3, 29 sambucam 5, 95 Samios 3, 56 sancte 2, 15 sanctosque 2, 73 sanguis 1, 61. 3, 116 sani 3, 118 sauna 5, 91 sanna; 1, 62 sano 3, 46 sanus 3, 118 saperdam 5, 134 sapere 6, 38 sapias 5, 167 sapiat 4, 21 sapiens 3, 53. 5, 114 sapimus 1,11 sapio 3, 78 sapit 1, 106 sardonycbe 1,16 sartago 1, 80 satis 3, 27 78 satur 5, 56. 6, 71 saturi 1, 31 Saturniaque 2, 59 Satnrnumque 5, 60 saturum 1, 71 satyri 5, 123 saxa 6, 27 scabiosum 5, 74 scabiosus 2, 13 scalpuntur 1, 21 scelerata 2, 63 sciat 1, 27 scilicet 1, 15. 2, 19. 4,4 scinderis 5, 154 scintillant 3, 117 scire 1, 27- 2, 17- 3, 49 scis 1, 53 54. 4, 10 scit 1, 65 132 scombros 1, 43 scopuli 6, 8 scribimus 1, 13 scribitur 1, 53 scribo 1 , 46 scrobe 1,119 scutica 5, 131 secretam 5, 96 secret! 5, 21 sectabere 5, 71 secto 1, 131 secuit 1, 114 secum 3, 81 TO PERSIUS. 11 secundo 5, 72 secura 3, 26 securus 3, 62. 6, 12 13 secus 1, 66 sede 1, 17 seductior 6, 42 seductis 2, 4 seductum 5, 143 seges 6, 26 semel 1, 24. 5, 157 semipaganus P. 6 semper 4, 18. 5, 69 semuncia 5, 121 sene 1, 124 senectse 2. 41 senes 5, 179. 6, 6 senesque 5, 64 senio 3, 48 senio 6, 16 seniumque 1 , 26 sensus 1, 69 sentis 2, 18 sepell 3, 97 sepia 3, 13 sequaces P. 6 sequeoda 5, 107 sequeris 3, 61. 5, 14 155 sequi P. 11 Serena 1, 19 seri 5, 61 seria, adjective, 5, 44 seria, substantive, 2, 11 seriolse 4, 29 serrao 1, 63 servas 5, 117 servitiura 5, 127 sesquipede 1, 57 sessilis 5, 148 severos 1, 64 siccas 3, 5 aiccis 5, 163 siccum 6, 20 Siculi 3, 39 Hidere 6, 46 signum 6, 17 ailentia 3, 81. 4, 7 siliquis 3, 55 3imilii< 3, 17 sinciput 6, 7" sine 3, 25. 6, 16 Hingultiet 6, 72 sinirftro4.27..'>, 164 sinu 5, 37 siDUOHo 5, 27 HIS 1, 108 si.mam 6, 79 sistro 5, 186 sitiat 1, 60 sitiente 3^ 92. 5, 136 Socratico 5, 37 sodes 3, 89 sole 4, 18. 5, 54 solea 5, 169 solem 4, 33 solers 5, 37 142. 6, 24 75 soles, 7WUH, 5, 41 solidum 5, 25 solis 6, 19 solitos 1, 70 Solones 3, 79 soluta 3, 58 somnia 2, 57. 3, 83 somniasse P. 3 sonino 5, 56 sonat 1, 109. 3, 21 sorbere 4, 16. 5, 112 sorbet 4, 32 sorbitio 4, 2 sordidus 1, 128 sparsisse .5, 33 speciem 5, 105 species 5, 52 spectatur 4, 24 spem 2, 35 spes P. 12 Spirent 6, 35 splene 1, 12 spondente 5, 79 spumosum 1, 96 Stadius 6, 68 Staio 2, 19 22 state 5, 96 stemmate 3, 28 steriles 5, 75 steriiis 6, 54 stertimus 3, 3 stertis 3, 78 132 6t1oppo5, 13 StoVcus 5, 86 stolidam 2, 28 strepitura 6, 4 .stri^,'iies5, 126 131 striiigere 2, 66 struere 2, 44 .■Jtudeam 3, 19 Htudeo 5, 19 Htullis 5, 93 121 stupet 3, 32 Htuppas 5, 135 suba'rato o, 106 sulidite 5, 124 Hul)(luxiinuH I, 9.5 sulieati 5, 155 subere 1 , 97 subiere 3, 106 subiit 2, 55 subit 3, 100. 4, 12 subrisit 3, 110 subsellia 1, 82 subter 3, 41. 4, 43 Subura 5, 32 succinis 3, 20 succinctis 5, 31 suecinctus 5, 140 sudans 3, 47 sudare 5, 150 sudes 2, 53 sufficiat 3, 4 suffla4,20 sulcoque 1, 73 sulfure 2, 25 sulfureas 3, 99 sumen 1 , 53 sumis 5, 124 siimma 1, 104. 3, 34. 4, 14 17 summae 6, 64 summosque 3, 108 summum 3, 48 sumtus 6, 67 supellex 4, 52 superbo 1, 100 superest 6, 55 superis 2, 71 superos 2, 43 supinus 1, 129 supplantat 1, 35 supplice 2, 35 supplicat 5, 173 supposita 3, 116 supposui 5, 36 supra 5, 118 surdaque 6, 28 surdum 6, 35 surge 5, 132 133 tJirice surgentem 3, 57 surgit 3, 95 Surrentina 3, 93 suscipis 5, 36 suspendere 1, 118. 4,10 suspendit 5, 47 suspiret 2, 51 susuiros 2, 6 T. Tabellaa 5, 81 labuiu (!, 33 tacubo 3, 97 taccndaque 4, 5 tacita 2, 5 tacite 3, 95 tacitus 5, 184 tali 3, 19 talo 5, 104 tangat 4, 34 tange 3, 107 tan'git 1, 117 tangitur 3, 4 tantum 1, 60. 5, 123 tectoria 5, 25 tecum 4, 52. 5, 12 41 42 temone 5, 70 temperat 5, 51 templis 2, 7 62 75 tempera 5, 47 tempore 3, 62 ten 1,29 tenax 5, 48 tendere 1 , 65 teudis 3, 60. 5, 139 teneat 5, 99 teneo 5, 113 teueras 1, 107 tenero 1,35. 3, 113 teneroque 3, 16 teneros 5, 36 tenerum 1, 98 tentas 2, 21 tentat 4, 23 tentemus 3, 113 tenuem 6, 24 tenui 5, 77 tenuia 5, 93 tenus 6, 25 tepidura 1 , 84 ter 5, 188 terque 2, 16 terebrare 5, 138 terens 1 , 73 tergo 1, 58. 4, 24 teris 5, 15 teiTte 6, 57 59 terram 3, 80 terras 2, 61 terruit 3, 41 tenia 2, 14.3, 91 te.sserula o, 74 testaque 3, 61 testiculi 1, 103 tetigisse 6, 17 tetrico 6, 2 theta4, 13 tlmre 5, 120 thus 1,43. 5, 135 ThyestiC 5, 8 thynui 5, 183 Tiberino 2, 15 timor 3, 115 12 VERBAL INDEX tiuftti 3, 3/ tiiifjat 6, 20 tingebam 3, 4-1 tinuiat o, lOlJ Titos 1, 20 togaque 1, 15 topii' 5, 14 tollat 4, 51 tolle 5, 87 136 tollere 2, 7 toUit 4, 2 tonat 2, 24 torosa 3, 86 torquere 3, 51 torta5, 146 torva 1 , 99 tot 2, 47. 5, 124 totaque 5, 32 totum 1,49. 6,64 totuiuque 6, 28 totus 5, 173 trabe 1, 89. o, 141. 6,27 trabeate 3, 29 tractas 4, 1 tragoedoo, 3 traham 5, 28 trahe 5, 17 trahitur 5, 160 traraa 6, 73 transcendere 5, 111 transilias 5, 146 transisse 6, 60 transtro 5, 147 tremat 6, 7^ tremor 3, 100 tremulo 1, 21 tremulos 3, 87 trepida 1 , 74 trepidare 1, 20. 5, 170 trepidas 5, 35 trepidat 3, 88 tres 5, 123 tressis 5, 76 trientem 3, 100 triplex 6, 78 triste 1,9. 2,27 trita 1, 54 Troiades 1, 4 trossulus 1, 82 trutina 1, 7 trutinantur 3, 82 tuque 2, 25 tua 5, 23 tuba 3, 103 tucetaque 2, 42 tui 6, 80 tulit 1, 57 turn 3, 12.6,60 tuinebit 3, 03 tunu't 2, 14. 5, 183 tuniit 5, 13 tuniiilo I, 39 tun 1,22.6, 146 turif 6, 37 tunicatum 4, 30 tuo 5, 40 turba 6, 42 turbff 4, 7 turbida 1, 5 turbiiiis 5, 78 turdaruni 0, 24 turgescat 5, 20 largeseere 6, 56 turgescit 3, 8 turgidus 3, 98 turpe 1 , 3 Tuseo 3, 28 Tuscum 2, 60 tutor 3, 96 tuus 6, 71 tyrannos 3, 35 Vae 6, 50 vafer 1,116 132.6, 20 vago 6, 72 valle 6, 8 vanescat 3, 13 vapida5, 148. 6, 17 vapido 5, 117 vaporata 1, 126 vappa 5, 77 varieosos 5, 189 varo4, 12. 6, 18 vasa 2, 59 vasta 5, 141 vatibus 5, 1 vatum P. 7. 1 , 34 uda 2, 32 udas 5, 165 udo 1, 105 udum 3, 23 Vectidi 4, 25 vegrandi 1 , 97 Veientanumque 5, 147 Velina 5, 73 velis, verb, 3, 36. 5, 170 vellant 4, .39 veil at 1, 133 velle 1, 41. 5, 53 vellere, ver/j, 2, 28 velhis 2, 65 velox 4, 4 vena 1, 103. 6, 72 venas 2, 66. 3, 91 107 vende 6, 75 vendo 1, 122 veneno 3, 37 venere 5, 180 Venerein 5, 58 Venori 2, 70 A'enerit 1, 81 venienti 3, 64 venimus 3, 16 venio (!, 62 venit 3, 11. 4,5 48. 5, 67. 6, 39 venosus 1 , 76 venter P. 11. 6, 74 ventre 3, 98 ventis 3, 27 ventos 5, 11 veratro 1, 51 verba P. 9. 1, 35. 3, 19 45 82. 4, 45. 5, 14 28 vere 5, 113 vereeimda 5, 44 veri 6, 48 75 105 verncR 4, 22 vero 1, 107 verrucosa 1, 77 versu 1 , 21 vers urn 1, 65 93 verte 5, 137 vertenteni 5, 71 verterit 5, 78 vertigo 5, 76 verum 1,55 itvice 90 verumne 3, 7 Vestalesque 2, 60 vetat 5, 101. 6, 49 vetavit 5, 90 veterem 4, 29. 5, 116 veteres 5, 92 veteris 3, 83. 5, 59 veterum 6, 3 vetitos 5, 99 veto I, 112 vetuere 2, 43 vetule 1, 22 vetus 1 , 97 viatica 5, 65 vibice 4, 49 vicem 4, 42 vicini 3, 110. 6, 14 vicinia 4, 46 vicissim 5, 107 victuri 3, 67 vide 1, 108 videant 3, 38 videas 1, 19 80. 3, 94 viiiemus 1, 09 vidi 1, 120 twice vidit 3, 91 vigila 5, 177 vin 6, 63 vina 3, 100 vincere 2, 48 vinciquo 5, 39 vincula 6, 158 vindicta 5, 88 125 vino 5, 183 viola; 1, 40 violas 5, 182 violens 6, 171 Virbi 6, 50 virgine 2, 70 virn, 36 viridi 3, 22 virtutem 3, 38 virum 1 , 96 vis, verb, 1, 56. 2, 19. 5, 144 visa est 3, 109 viso 4, 47 vit£e 5, 34 94 vitam 5, 61 83 vitanda 5, 107 vitiabit 5, 97 vitiarunt 6, 40 vitiato 2, 65 vitio 2, 68. 3, 32. 4,13 vitium 1, 116. 3,21 vitrea 3, 8 vitulo 1, 100 vive 5, 153. 6, 25 vivere 1,9 01. 2, 7. 3, 31. 6, 84 87 104 139 viveret 1, 104 vivis 3, 62. 5, 152 vivitur 4, 43. 6, 53 vivo 6, 31 vivunt 6, 2 vixisse 4, 17 vixit 6, 54 ulcus 3, 113 ullo 4, 41 ulmo 3, 6 ulterior 6, 41 ultra 3, 15. 5, 69 ultro 5, 172 umbo 5, 33 umbra 3, 4 Umbris 3, 74 una 5, 76 una 5, 50. 6, 29 TO PERSIUS. 13 uncis 1, 40 uncta 3, 102. 4, 17 unctaque 5, 180 unctis 2, 30. 6, 16 unctus 4, 33 unda 3, 34 undae 3, 68 unde 1, 73 80 81. 5, 124 undique 8, 59 unge 6, 68 69 unguem 5, 162 ungues 1, 65 106 unguine 6, 40 uno 1 , 66. 5, 46 53 70 unum 5, 43. 6, 58 59 unus 3, 7 vocat 6, 27 voce 1, 19. 5,28 voces, noun, P. 11. 5, 1 26 vocet 5, 171 vocum 6, 3 volet 1, 91 Volfenius 5, 190 volo 5, 84 87 voluit 5, 84 voluntas 5, 89 vomuere 5, 181 vota2, 39. 6, 28 voti 5, 109 votis 3, 49 vote 2, 7 35. 5, 53 urbem 1 , 114 urbi 6, 38 urentes 2, 34 urget 6, 37 urna 5, 145 urnse 6, 34 urnas 2, 60 urtica 6, 70 usque 1, 26. 6, 15 usuni 5, 94 usus 5, 52 utar 6, 22 twice utile 3. 70 utinam 2, 12 utitur 2, 68 vulgi 6, 12 vulnera 5, 4 Tulnus 4, 44 vulpem 5, 117 vultum 5, 40 Tulv£e 6, 73 vulvas 4, 36 uxor 1, 74.2, 14.3, 43 VERBAL INDEX TO JUVENAL'S SATIRES. A 1, 14 3G 99. 3, 57 71 89 106 202 321. 4, 3 116. 5, 44 91 109. 6, 26 35 69 139 233 253 285 376 503 528 554. 7, 70 164 196. 8, 131. 9, 115 140. 10, 1 29 72 126 131 171 247. 11, 23 42 51 89 140 147 160. 12, 14 58. 13, 30 36 110 122 149 158 170 231. 14, 14 170. 15, 30 72 143 146. 16, 17 &c. ab 1, 49. 2, 81. 3, 109. 4, 130. 5, 125 135 155. 6, 327 347. 8, 273. 10, 253 270. 11, 26 113. 12,28 130. 16, 25 abaci 3, 204 abditus 6, 237 abdomine 2, 86. 4, 107 abeant 14, 149 abest 6, 29i abeuiit I, 132. 6, 312 abit 6, 128 abi 14, 213 abicit 15, 17 abi PS 3, 255 ableganda- 14, 202 abluct 6, 623 abneRo 13, 94 abnuat 6, 540 abnuerit 15, 104 aboil a 4, 76 aboll;f3, 115 abort! vJM 2, 32 abortivo 6, 368 abrej)tt,ni 13, 178 abrupta 6, 649 abrupto 14, 250 abiumpere 2, 116 abscondente 6, 120 ab'scondere 12, 18 abscondit 8, 203. 9, 33 absenti 1, 123 absit4, 130. 16, 25 absolvitur 13, 3 absorbuit 6, 126 abstineas 14, 38 abstinet 6, 535. 11, 171. 15, 11 abstinuit 14, 99. 15, 173 abstuleris 6, 330 ab., 15() addat 1, 118 147 adde 12, 46 adde quod 14, 114. Ij'j, 4 7 addit 13, 82 additur 10, 151 ademit U), 37 adeo 3, 274. 6, 50 59. 8, 183. 10, 297. 11, 131. 12, 36. 13, 69 183. 14, 234 adeoque 8, 183 adest 4, 107. 5, 63. 6,220. 10, 254. 12, 67 adhibere 5, 16 adhibet 2, 135 adhuc 3, 111 215. 4, 10. 6, 128 192 227 501. 7, 196. 8, .36. 10, 116. 12, 15. 13, 41. 15, 35 adipata 6, 631 adjuta 6, 506 adjutor 3, 322 adjuvat 12, 42 admirabile 4, 39 admirabilis 13, 53 admirandisque 10, 11 admirari 7, 31 admiratio 6, 646 admiserit 10, 255 admisit 6, 494 admissa 4, 64 admittas 10, 340 admitte 6, 329 admittentia 5, 69. 7, 65 admittere 14, 217 admittimus 3, 171 admittitis 1,21 admittunt3, 235. 13, 237 admota 10, 149 admotaque 6, 497 admolo 8, 82 admotum 6, 427 adraoveas 2, 148. 14, 12 admovet 10, 329 adoperta 8, 145 adora 6, 47 adorandue 13, 148 adorarit 14, 97 adorat 3, 300. 6, 322. 15, 2 adoratum 10, 62 Adriaoi 4, 39 adsint 9, 40 adsum 1, 102 adsuiit 11,71 advecta> 9, 23 adveotus 3, S3 advcntum (i, 518 advorsis 10, 129. 12, r>3. 13, 156 adversum 5, 77 advexisse 14, 271 adulandi 3, H(> adulator 4, 1 16 adultcB 15, 138 adulter 1, 78. 2,29. 3,45. 4,4. 6,237 329 404 567. 8, 144. 9, 80. 10, 311 318 adultera 14, 25 adulteiiuin 11, 175 advocat 6, 236 advolat 6, 226 nditi 13, 205 /Eacid* 8, 270 jEacus 1, 10 tede 3, 139. 7, 37 ffidem 3, 31. 6, 528. 14,90 ffides 3, 222. 4, 7- 7, 40. 10, 17 a»dicula 8, 111 sedificare 10,264. 15, 153 cedificat 6, 503 eedificator 14, 86 iEdilibus3, 162 179 ^dilis 10, 102 iEga>i 13, 81 246 ffiger3, 232. 4, 3. 12, 122 segra 6, 579 agram 12, 95 Eegri 9, 16. 10, 207. 13, 124 aegris 4, 57. 13, 234 ffigro 7, 52. 9, 18 segros 10, 221 segrotante 6, 389 ^gypti 6, 527 iEgyptius 1, 130 ^gyptus 15, 2 45 110 yEiia 6, 72 /Erniliaiios 8, 3 vEmilio 7, 124 iEmilius 6, 32 a^mula 1 1, 74 aenea 3, 28.'> jEneas 15, 6/ iEneam 1 , 162 ^neas5, 139 aeneus 7, 125. 13, 115 ainigmata 8, 50 aeD0 8,86. 15, 81 iEoliis I, 8 iEolio 10, 181 aqua 4, 71. 8, 177 aequales 3, 1 77 ffiquanda 14, 314 mquanteiu 4, 16 (pquarc 14, 267 K-quat 3, 88. 6, 323 jrquo 13, 11 rcquor 1,81 tequora 12, 75. 14, 279 aiquore 4, 54. 8, 61 JEquos 14, 15 ffquus 16, 66 aer6, 99. 12, 42 aera6, 306. 13, 169 aere 10, 50 rera 6, 125 442. 7, 217- 16,65 ffirata 14, 269 sere 2, 118 152. 6, 235 546. 9, 122. 11,39 serea 11, 96 Eeris 7, 61 cerugine 13, 61 £erumna> 3, 210 ajrumnas 10, 361 ajstibus 4, 87 a-stivi 14, 131 wstivum 1, 28. 14, 295 a?stuat 3, 50. 10, 169 ffistuo 2, 71. 3, 103 ffitas 5, 61. 6, 23. 7, 32. 8, 171. 13,28 ffitate 6, 499. 14, 161. 15, 109 ^thiopem 2, 23. 8, 33 ^thiopis 6, 600 /Ethiopum 10, 150 ffivi 4, 94 ajvo 6, 326. 10, 255. 13, 53. 15, 32 affari 14, 211 affectare 2, 106 affectas 1 1 , 33 affectat 10, 209 afiFectibus 12, 10 affectu 8, 161 afifectus 6, 214. 15, 150 afferat 14, 198 afferimus 12, 66 afterre 4, 86 afferri 6, 144 aflfers 6, 168 afiFert6,610. 7,215.9,91. 14, 78 afFerte 6, 416 affertur 6, 87 afficit 7, 85 afficiunt 8, 268. 14, 24 affigit 9, 149 affirmat 6, 68 affixa 10, 133 afflxus 5, 40 Afrae 11, 142 TO JUVENAL. 17 Africa r, 149. 10, 148 Afris 5, 152 Afrorum 7, 120 Afros 8, 120 agam 9, 67 Aganiemnona 14, 286 Agameninonidfe 8. 215 Aganippes T, 6 agant 1,9. 6, 40'^ agas 2. 71. 3, 291. 4, 14. 8, 76 Agatlivrsi 15, 125 ag:Uur4, 66. 6, 395 500 Agaven 7, 87 age 14, 192 agebas 9, 9 agebnt 7, 143 144 agello 6, 57. 8, 109 agendi 16, 49 agendis 14, 72 agentem 13, 32 ager 9, 56 agere 9, 43 agerent 4, 49 agere ntur 6, 336 ageres 8, 186 aggere5, 153. 6, 588. 8, 43 aggeris 16, 26 agili 2, 142 agimus 2, 51. 7, 48 agit 3, 94 305. 5, 157. 13, HO. 15, 163 agitant2, 21. 7, 168 agitare 10, 33 agitas 14, 6S agitate, 251. 14, 284 agite 7, 20 agiteni 1, 52 agitent 5, 69 agiteritque 6, 475 agitur 4, 35. 6, 659. 13, 28. 15, 97 agmina 3, 258. 15, 56 agmine 3, 162 244. 10, 218 280 agminis 10, 46 agna 6, .392. 8, 15. 13, 63 agiiarn 12, .'{ agnitus 1, 99 agnoscendus 8, 206 agnosci 6, 468 agnoHcit 10, 2.34 agnosco 8, 26 agnum 2, 123 agrestem 13, 39 agri3, 141. 14, 159 172 Agrippa 6, 158 Agrippiiiff' (!, 620 agrist 2, 79. 14, 71 agro 1, 107. 6, 56. 11,65. 12, 106 agronim 11, 41 agros 3, 322. 4, 27- 14, 151 agrum 6, 525. 9, 45 agunt 1, 85 Ajax 7, 115. 10, 84. 14, 213. 15, 65 ait 2, 22. 4, 131. 5, 18. 9, 63 Alal)andi* 3, 70 alapas 8, 192 alas 3, 25. U, 157. 14, 195 Alba 4, 61 alba 6, 177 albaque 13, 117 albse 3, 179. 13, 141 Albana 4, 100 Albanam 4, 145 Albani 13, 214 Albanis 5, 33 aibi 12, 65 Albinam 3, 130 albis 1, 111 albo2, 112. 7, 202 albus 2, 23 Alcestim 6, 653 Alcinoo 15. 15 Alcjonem 7, 12 aleal, 88. 8, 10. 11, 174. 14, 4 Alexander 14, 311 alga; 4, 48 algentem 7, 183 alget 1, 74 alia 3, 268. 16,35 alia 6, 437. 7, 114 182 alia; 6, 67 aliam 5, 52. 6, 504. 14, 2.58. 15, 122 aliamque 4, 138 alias 3, 315. 12, 40. 14, 254. 15, 57 aliena 13, 34. 15, 102 142 alienk 3, 181. 6, 2 alieni 6, 478 alienia 10, 229 alieno 8, 246 alienum 3, 105. 6, 21 alii 2, 66. 3, 46. 7, 5 166 aliiH 11,59 alimentiH 15, 93 alio 8, 27 51. 10, 197 aliorum 8, 76 alios 6, 240. 7,213. 8,61. 11, 177 alioHque 10, l.'iO aliptcH 3, 76. 6, 422 aliqua 6, 15 aliquam 12, 1 10 aliquando 3, 184. 6, 360. 9, 28 aliqnem 4, 126. 6,280. 11, 202. 15, 170 aliquid 1, 73. 2,2 82 149. 3. 24 180 217 230 297. 4, 147. 5, 33 167. 7, 24 220. 8, 41 68 263. 9, 139. 10 207 354. 14, 203 323. 15, 92 aliquis 1, 74. 3, 120. 6, 587 632. 11,86. 13,49. 14, 21 134. 15, 24 &c. aliquo 8, 173 aliquod 13, 37 alis 10, 178 aliter 3, 281. 6, 11 619. 7, 220 aliud4,78.6,23.7,199. 12, 24. 14, 321 7, 103 apertius 4, 69 aperto 6, 18 apex 12, 72 Apicius 4, 23. 11, 3 apium 8, 226 apium (for apum) examen 13, 68 aplustre 10, 136 Apollo 1, 128. 13, 203 Apollinis 7, 37 appellas 7, 158 appellat 9, 64 apponere 9, 98 appositam 7, 192 Appula praedia 9, 55 Appula, proper tiame, 6, 64 Appulia 4, 27 apri 5, 167. 15, 162 apros 1, 141 aprum 1, 23 aptam 12, 39 apti 15, 145 aptior 6, 681 apti,«sima 10, 349 aptusque 7, 58 apud 6, 91 395 489. 11, 137. 15, 31 aqute 3, 19 aquam 3, 198. 5, 52 aquarius 6, 332 aqnn.s 6, 528 aquilam 14, 197 aquiiax 8, 52 Aquilone Decembri 9, 68 Aquino 3, 319 aquis 11, 63 ara 2, 89 ara 8, 13. 15, 115 Arabarches 1, 130 arabat 14, 160 Arachne 2, 56 arffi 12, 7 arseque 13, 37 aram 1, 44. 6, 307 390. 10, 83 268 aramque 14, 219 aranea 14, 61 aras 1, 114.3, 145. 6,344. 12, 112. 13, 219 aratris 2, 74 aratro 7, 49. 8, 246. 10, 270. 13, 65. 14, 181 arbiter 8, 79 arbitrio 13, 177 arbor 3, 16 arbore 11, 117- 14, 80 arboribus 12, 105 arboris 6, 545. 12, 32 arbusta 14, 144 area 10, 25 area 1, 90. 3, 143 181. 6, 363. 11, 26. 14, 259 Arcadico 7, 160 arcae 13, 74 arcana 2, 61. 13, 73 arcana 15, 141 arcanam 6, 543 arcano 2, 125. 14, 102 arcanum 9, 116 arce 3, 192. 10, 307. 14, 87. 15, 146 arcem 4, 145 arcessere 11, 17 archetypos 2, 7 Archigene 13, 98 Archigenen 6, 236. 14, 252 archimagiri 9, 109 arcto 3, 236 arcu 10, 136 arcum 6, 174 areus 3, 11. 13, 82 ardeat 1, 45. 6, 209 ardebant 6, 618 ardebit3, 201. 10,27 ardens 1, 165. 6, 129. 11, 6 155. 13, 14 ardent 1, 156. 6, 139. 14, 309 ardente 14, 118 ardentem 10, 253 ardenti 2, 165. 3,234. 14, 22. 15, 81 ardentibus 12, 22. 16, 62 ardentis 10, 130 arderet 4, 139 ardet2,70. 3,215. G, 142. 9, 9fi. 10,62. 15, 35 ardor 6, 317 arena 3, 65 arena 1, 157. 4, 100. 8, 206. 14, 299. 16, 6 47 aren8e3, 34. 6, 217 251 arenam 2, 144 aretalogus 15, 16 argentea 6, 24 538 argenteus 11, 128 argenti 3, 220. 6, 355. 8, 123. 9, 141. 10, 19. 11, 41 108 argento 12, 49 argentum 1, 76. 7, 133. 9, 31. 12, 43. 14, 62 291 argillara 4, 134 arguerint 1, 105 arguit 13, 138 arguitur 7, 159 argumenta 9, 85 Arieinos 4, 117 arida 6, 144. 14, 61 aristae 14, 183 aristas 14, 147 Aristotelem 2, 6 arma 2, 159. 8, 124 232 270. 10, 267. 14, 5. 15, 121. 16,48 armamentaria 13, 83 armaria 7, H armati 16, 34 armatis 6, 154 armato 3, 306 armatum 2, 101 Armenice 8, 169 Armenio 6, 407 Armenius 2, 164. 6, 550 armenti 8, 109 armentum 12, 106 armigero 1, 92 Armillato 4, 53 armis 4, 93. 6, 264 292. 8, 52 200 221. 11, 108. 13, 168. 15, 155 Arpinas 8, 237 245 arridens 6, 606 Artaxata 2, 170 arte 1, 123. 6, 499. 10, 110. 11, 172. 12, 67. 14, 34. artemG, 452. 7, 177 artes 4, 101. 6, 595. 7, 36. 8, 224. 11, 100 artibus3,21.14,73.15,145 artiticem 14, 116 artifices 13, 154 artificis4, 18. 10, 238 artificum 1 1, 102 artis 6, 560 artoeopi 5, 72 Artorius 3, 29 artus 15, 101 arva 6, 410 20 VERBAL INDEX Aiviragus 4, 12/ aruudinis 10, 21 asella^ G, -IGi) aselli 11, 97 asello G, 334 aselluin !>, 92 Asiic 5, 56 Asiaiu 10, 206 Asian! 7, 14 Asianoruin 3, 218 asparagi 11, G9 asparagis 5, 82 aspera 14, 62 aspernatur 4, 4 assce 14, 20S Assaraci 10, 259 asscendit 1, 82 asse 10, 116 asseculaj 9, 48 assedisse 11, 200 assem 14, 301 assemque 5, 114 assere, noun, 3, 245. T, 132 assibus 11, 145 assidua 14, 118 assidue9, 36. 13, 172 assiduis 5, 95. 6, 248. 8, 243 assiduo 1, 13. 8, 151' assiduos 3, 8 asspecti 4, 143 asspectu 6, 461 asspersus 6, 104 asspexit, 15, 71 a. balnea 1, 143. 6, 375 4l!>. 7, 131 178 233. 11, 156 204 balneolum 7, 4 baltea 9, 112 balteus 6, 255. 16, 48 Baptae 2, 92 barba I, 25. 10, 226 barba 8, 166. 9, 4. 16, 31 barbae 6, 367 barbam 3, 186. 6, 215. 10, 253. 14, 216 barbara 3, 66. 15, 46 barbarus 6, 158. 10, 138 181 barbato 4, 103. 6, 16. 13, 56 barbatos 14, 12 bardaicus 16, 13 Baream 3, 116 Bareas 7, 91 bascaudas 12, 46 basia 4, 118. 6, 384 Basilo 7, 146 Basilum 7, 147 Basilus 7, 145. 10,222 Batavi 8, 51 Bathyllo 6, 63 beata 6, 204 beatae 1, 39 beati 14, 120 beatius 10, 279 beatum 1, 67 Bebriaci 2, 106 Belides 6, 655 bella 14, 242 bellator 13, 168 bellatore 7, 127 bellatorum 8, 10 Bellerophonti 10, 325 belli 2, 103. 12, 110 bellis 5, 31 bello 8, 169 Bellona 4, 124 Bellonffi 6, 612 bellorum 2, 156. 10, 133 281. 14, 72 bellorumque 15, 95 bellum 6, 164 belua 4, 121 127. 7, 77. 10, 158. 11, 126. 12, 104 bene 3, 107. 5, 166. 7, 147 194. 8, 187. 10, 72 Beiieveiitaiii 5, 46 beni(ina 10, 301. 12, 64. 14, 34 beni(;ni 16, 4 Beronices 6, 156 bcryllo 5, 38 beta, /. r. /}, 14, 209 bibat 1 1 , 203 bibe 5, 130 bibebant 5, 36 bibebat9, 117 biberat 12, 47 bibendis 7, 58 bibendum 6, 597 bibet 5, 33 bibimus 9, 128 bibit 1, 49. 2, 95. 6, 432. 10, 250 bibitur 6, 304 Bibulae 6, 142 bibuntur 10, 25 bidenris 3, 228 bigarum 10, 59 bile 13, 143 bilem 5, 159. 6, 433. 11, 185. 15, 15 bilibres 6, 372 bilis 11, 128 bimembri 13, 64 bina 14, 163 bipedem 9, 92 bipennera 6, 657 bis 5, 164. 6, 137. 14, 324 bis centum 13, 72 Bithyni 7, 15 Bithynice 15, 1 Bithyno 10, 162 blaesis 15, 48 blanda 6, 125 197 blandaque 4, 118 blandae 9, 36 Blande 8, 40 blandiar 3, 126 Bocchare 5, 90 boletum 14, 8 boletus 5, 147- 6, 621 bombycinus 6, 260 bona 1, 55 59. 6, 2. 8, 24. 10, 3 237 Bonae Dece 6, 314 Bonam 2, 86 boni 6, 180. 13, 26 bonis 4, 13. 10, 137. 13, 155 bonorum 8, 260 bonos 8, 92 bonum 13, 180 bonus 5, 109. 6, 211. 8, 72 twice. 14,204. 15, 14 Boota; 5, 23 bos 2, 123. 10, 268 bove 14, 286 boveiu 10, 66 bovLs5, 119. 14, 110 bo vis 13, 156 bouni 8, 108 Itracif 2, 169 Bracatnnim 8, 234 brachia 2, 11. 4, H9. 6, 22 VERBAL INDEX 4-21. 1-2, 7t>. 13, 45. 16, 170 bracteolam 13, 152 breve 3, 2S6. 6, 604. 8, 1G5 breviin 14, 217 breve;! (>, 289 brevibus 1, 73. 11, 79. 15, 128 brevior2, 16. 6, 9. 14, 223 breviorque 6, 505 brevis 3, 226 bre\issima 9, 127 breviter 12, 125 Brigantum 14, 196 Britaiinica 10, 14 Britannice 6, 124 Britanno 4, 126 Britannos2, 161. 15, 111 Britones 15, 124 Broniium 6, 378 bruma 9, 67 brumteS, 102. 6, 153 brumamque 14, 273 Brute 4, 103 Bruti 14, 43 Bratidius 10, 83 Brutorum 5, 37 Bnittia9, 14 Brutumque 8, 182 Brutus 14, 43 bubulei 11, 151 bubulco 7, 116 bucca 6, 516 bucck 3, 262. 10, 195 bucca; 3, 35. 11, 34 buccina 7, 71. 14, 152 buccula 10, 134 bulbi 7, 120 bulla 13, 33 bullatus 14, 6 busta 3, 32 buxo 14, 194 Caballi 3, 118 caballis 10, 60 caballorum 11, 193 cachinrii 10, 31 cachinno 3, 100. 11, 2 cacoethes 7, 52 Cacus 5, 125 cadat 12, 113. 13, 226 cadaver 3, 32 260. 15, 87 cadavera 8, 252. 10, 186. 15, 60 cadavere 10, 288. 15, 83 carlaveris 14, 78 ca<^lentem 10, 266 caderent 7, 70 oaderet 4, 12 cadet 12, 98. 14, 296 cadit 2, 80. 6, 440 caducis 9, 89 caducum 9, 88 caduiit 3, 271. 7, 123 cadurci 7, 221 cadurco 6, 537 Ciocil 10, 351 ca^ei 12, 51 CcTcive G, 265 ca^cos 7, 1 70 Cfficus 4, 116. 13, 94 ca!de4, 154.6,48. 10,112 ca^dentibus 6, 484 credere 6, 447- 13, 127 c;edibus 8, 243 Ctedicio 16, 46 Cffidicius 13, 197 cffidit 6, 483 484. 7, 213. 8, 156. 10, 60. 13, 194 ca;ditur 11, 141 cffiduntur 2, 13 cselataque 11, 103 Cirlati 12, 47 C£elator 9, 145 ctepe 15, 9 cserula 13, 164 cairulea 2, 97 cserulei 14, 128 CEPruleos 15, 7 cajsa 10, 120 Caesar 4, 135. 8, 171. 14, 330 Csesare 7, 1 Cffisaris 4, 51. 5, 4. 6, 338. 10, 86 330. 12, 106 cajsariem 13, 165 Cffisi 8, 217 Ca;sonia 6, 616 xai 6, 195 Caietaj 14, 87 calamos 7, 27. 13, 80 calathisque 2, 54 calcas 6, 312 calcatamque 6, 31 calcem 3, 295 caleemus 10, 86 calcent 15, 60 calceusl,119.3,149.16,U calcibus 1, 43 calcor 3, 248 calculus 9, 40. 11, 132 calendis 9, 53 calentem 11, 187 calentia 11, 70 Caleiium 1, 69 calete, 149. 10,218 calicem 1, 57. 5, 47 calices 8, 168. 11, 145 calida 6, 369 ealidaque 6, 527 calidaj 5, 63. 6, 549. 11, 81. 15, 28 calidi 9, 14 calidum 6, 121 caligantesque 6, 31 caligas 16, 24 caligatus 3, 322 call go 6, 556 613 callebat 4, 142 callidus 1, 123. 6, 422. 12, 47 Calliope 4, 34 calorem 12, 98 Calpe 14, 279 caluerunt 1, 83 Calvinso 3, 133 Calvine 13, 6 calvo 4, 38. 6, 533 Camenas 7, 2 Camenis 3, 16 Camerinos 7, 90 Camel inus 8, 38 Cainilli 2, 154. 16, 15 caminis 10, 61 camino 14, 118 cammarus 5, 84 Campania 10, 283 oampi 2, 132 campis 8, 242 campo 1, 19. 2, 106 campum 16, 37 cana 14, 10 candelee 3, 287 candelam 9, 98 Candida 3, 30 216. 6, 154 526. 10, 345. 12, 72 candiduli 10, 355 canebat 15, 26 canem 6, 418. 15, 8 canentem 2, 64 canet,^>*6i canescit, 14, 144 cani 7, 111. 12,32 canibus 8, 34. 14, 77 canini 5, 11 canino 10, 271. 14, 64 canis 9, 104 canistris 5, 74 canities 3, 26. 10, 208 carma 5, 89 Cannarum 10, 165. 11, 198 Cannis 2, 155. 7, 163 Canopi 1 , 26 Canopo 6, 84. 16, 46 canoris 7, 18 canoro 11, 162 cantabat 7,211 Cantaber 15, 108 cantabit 7, 153. 10, 22 cantabitur 11, 178 TO JUVENAL. 23 cantandum 4, 35 cantante 10, 210 cantare 6, 74. 7, 59 cantat 7, 194. 10, 178 cantaverat 2, 118 cantavit8, 220 cantet 6, 398 cantharus 3, 205 cantu 6, 379 cantum 9, 107 cantus 6, 610. 9, 160. 14, 46 Canusinaiu 6, 150 capacem 11, 41. 12, 44 capaces 1, 63. 5, 37- 15, 144 capaci 8, 6 capella 5, 155 capellce 15, 12 Capenam 3, 11 capessas 8, 270 capessunt 14, 242 capi 4, 69 capiendi 1, 55 capiendisque 15, 145 capiendo 6, 580 capies 4, 126 capillato 5, 30 capilli 6,493. 11, 149. 15, 137 capillis 6, 490. 16, 31 capis 5, 13. 9, 88 capistro 6, 43 capit 10, 148. 11, 169 195 capiti 3, 240 252 capitique 11, 127 capitis 6,49 301. 13, 174. 14, 258. 15, 23 Capi to 8, 93 Capitolia 10, 65. 14, 91 Capitolinam 6, 387 Capitolinis 2, 145 capiturque 15, 78 capiunt 7, 78 Cappadoces 7, 15 caprese 11, 142 capream 14, 81 Caprearum 10, 93 Capreis 10, 72 caprum 1, 76 capsa- 10, 117 capta 6, 103 captas 2, 160 captat 16, 56 captata 6, 98 captator 6, 98 captatore 6, 40 captatori 10, 202 captatrjribus 12, 114 captivis 7, 201 captivorum 10, 2S0 captivus 10, 136 capto 8, 109 captos 7, 84 captum 5, 162 caput 1, 126. 3, 33 236. 5, 172. 6, 17 207 391 503 524 538 622. 7, 161. 8, 55. 9, 98 133. 10, 62 199 286. 11,97. 12, 49. 14, 58 194 cara9, 100 carbone 10, 131. 13, 116 career 10, 276. 14, 24 carcere 1, 73. 3, 314. 5, 101. 6, 561. 10, 181 239. 12, 123 carceris 13, 245 eardiaco 5, 32 cardine 4, 63 careas 3, 56 carebis 14, 156 carens 7, 57 carentem 8, 5. 10, 357- 14, 69 caret 1, 59 Carfinia2,69 carina 2, 109 carinas 10, 264 carior 10, 350 cariturus 6, 39 carmen 6, 636. 7, 55 82 carmenque 6, 133 carminaS, 207- 7, 28. 11, 179. 15, 117 carinine 7, 63 came 7, 76. 11, 85. 14, 98. 15, 88 carnem 2, 116 carnibus 15, 13 carnifices 8, 175 Carpathium 14, 278 carpentis 9, 132 carpento 8, 147 Carpophoro 6, 199 carptores 9, 1 10 Carrinatis 7, 205 Carthagine6, 171- 10,277 caruisse 6, 564. 11, 53 caruit 10, 287 carum 5, 140 carus 3, 63 Carus 1 , .S6 casa 6, 154 caase 14, 167 cauibus 13, 86 Cassandra 10, 262 casside 10, 134 cassidis 7, 33 Cassi 5, 37 cassia 11, 103 castas 6, 287 castella 14, 196 castigabis 14, 54 castigas 2, 9 castigat 6, 455. 14, 126 castigata 2, 35 casto'lO, 324 castora 12, 34 Castora 14, 260 Castore 13, 152 castra 4, 135. 6, 419 575. 8, 12 248. 10, 95. 16, 2 castravit 10, 307 castris 6, 171 castrorum 6, 561. 11, 87. 14, 198. 16, 15 castrorumque 16, 55 castum 10, 300 casu 13, 132 casulam 11, 153 casulis9, 61. 14, 179 casum 1, 90. 15, 134 casurus 11, 13 casus 10, 107. 13, 9. 15, 95 119 casus, genii. 3, 273 casus, ace. pi. 3, 214. 12, 17 catelloe 6, 654 catelli 6, 551 catello 9, 61 catena 13, 175 catena; 3, 309. 14, 23 catenatse 3, 304 cathedra 1, 65. 9, 52 cathedra; 7, 203 cathedras 6, 91 cathedris 7, 47 Catiena; 3, 133 Catilina2, 27. 8, 231. 10, 288 Catilinam 14,41 Catinensi 8, 16 catino 11, 109 catinum 6, 343 Cato 2, 40 Catonem 11, 90 Cattis 4, 147 Catuli 2, 146 Catulla 10, 322 Catullam 2, 49 Catulli 8, 180. 13, 111 Catullo4, 113. 12,29 Catullus 12, 37 93 Catulus 3, 30 cavat 6, 248 Cauda 7,212 Cauda 5, 82 navea 14, 247 cavebiH 8, 37 caveo 11, 1 30 ',>! VKRBAL INDEX oavet 3, 288. f), -lO. 1-), 274 cavi 7, 111 caulibus (3, 18 caulis, tioininalire, 1, I'M. 5,87 caupo 9, 108 caupone (5, 501 causa 2, i3A. 6, 202 242. 8, 215. ;t, 91. 11, U. 14, 22(5 290. 16, 19 causa 14, 105 causiB 7, 156. 13, 109. 14, 173 causam 1 1 , 32 causas 2, 51. 3, 315. 8, 48 84. 10, 139 278, 14, 192 causasque 3, 147 causidici ], 32. 10, 121 causidicis 7, 106 causidicorum 7, 113 148 causidiuos 15, lU causidicum 7, 136 causidicus 6, 439 causis9, 119. 13, 182 cauta G, 348 cautus 6, 661. 7, 163 ceciderunt 6, 421 cecidit, from cado, 2, 40. 3, 212. 10, 69 cecidit, frotn credo, 3, 278 ceciditqiie 10, 287 Cecropiam 2, 92 Cecropides 8, 46 53 Cecropis 6, 187 cedamus 3, 29 cedat 1, 110 cede 2, 131. 7,219 cedente 3, 239, 4, 56 cedere 11,50 136 cedit 4, 123. 7,-38. 15, 46 cedo, indicative, 6, 57 cedo, imperative, {for da, die, rogo) 6, 504. 13, 210 cedunt 6, 438 515 Celaeno8, 130 celare 9, 93 celebrare 9, 25 celeb res 7, 3 celebretur 3, 249 celeres 11, 125 celeri 15, 75 cella 7, 28 cellam 6, 122 128 celsi 8, 194 Celso 6, 245 censebunt 6, 500 censeri 8, 2 74 censes 4, 130. 1.3, 140 censor 9, 142 censore 2, 121 eensoris 11, 92. 14, 50 censii 1, 60, 3, 160. II, 23 censum 3, 140. 6, 362 censura 2, 63, 10, 31 census 6. 57, 10, 13. 13, 7 cen^u^, genitive, 7, 13/, 14, 176 227 304 317. 16,63 centena 10, 335 centone 6, 121 centum 1, 92 120, 3, 229 2.-.0, 6, 518, 7, 113. 8, 85. 14, 275. 15, 6 centurioinim 16, 17 ceperat 13, 74 ceperunt 14, 320 cera 7, 238, 13, 88 cerffi 8, 19 cerain 4, 19 ceras 1, 63, 9, 149. 14, 29 191 cercopifheci 16, 4 cerdoni 8, 182 cerdonibus 4, 153 cerebro 14, 57 cerebrum 3, 269 Cererem 3, 320. 9, 24 Cereri.s6, 50, 10, 112. 14, 219 263, 15, 141 cerno 13, 64 cernis 4, 127, 6, 573 ceroma 6, 246 ceromatico 3, 68 certa 14, 113 certaniine 15, 55 certe 6, 28. 9, 9 73, 10, 94 363, 13, 100. 16, 58 cervse 12, 120 cervical 6, 353 cervice 1, 64, 6, 207 351. 9, 143, 10, 88 cervicibus 3, 88. G, 589. 10, 260 cervina 14, 251 cervix 10, 40 120 345. 12, 14 Cesennia 6, 136 cespes 12, 2 cessabit 14, 59 cessant 6, G7 555. 9, 33 cessantia 8, 176 cessare 11, 183 cessaret 5, 17 cessat 6, 498. 13, 211 cesset 13, 23 cessit 4, 63 cetera9, 70. 12,25. 14,107 Cethegi 8, 231 Cethegum 2, 27 Cethegus 10,287 Cetronius 14, 86 92 ecu 6, 573. 7, 337. 9, 2. 10, 231 236 ceventem 2, 21 cevet 9, 40 Chicrippe 8, 96 Chaldtcis 6, 553 Chaldieo 10, 94 charta 13, 116 chart;p 1, 18 Charybdi 15, 17 Charybdim 5, 102 Chionem 3, 1.36 chirographal3, 137. 16,41 Chiron 3, 205 chironomon 6, 63 chironomonta 5, 121 chlamyde 2, 258 chlamys 8, 101 choraules G, 77 chordtE 6, 382, 15, 5 chord as 3, 63 choro 11, 163 chorus 6, 512 Chrysippi 2, 6 Chrysippus 13, 184 Chrysogonura 6, 74 Chrysogonus 7- 176 cibi 10, 203, 11, 99. 15, 98 171 cibo 3, 211, 6, 581. 13, 213 ciboque 5, 49 cibum 6, 428. 10, 229. 14, 255 cibus3, 233. 6, 14. 14, 79 301 cicadas 9, 69 cicatrix 3, 151 Cieeronem 7, 214. 8, 244 Ciceroni 7, 139 Ciceronis 10, 114 ciconia 14, 74 cicutoe 13, 186 cicutas 7, 206 ciemus 13, 31 Cilicis 4, 121 Cilicum 8, 94 Cimbri 15, 124 Cimbros 8, 249 251 cinaidis 14, 30 cinsedo 4, 106 cinffidos 2, 10 xlvawoc 9, 37 cincinnus 6, 492 cineres 8, 146. 11, 44 cinerum 10, 144 cinis 1, 171 Circei.** 4, 140 Circenses 10, 81 TO JUVENAL. 25 Circensibus 3, 223. 11, 53 Circes 15, 21 cirei 10, 37 circo6, 588. 8, 59 118. 9, 144 circuit 9, 8 circum, noun, 3, 65 eircumagas 9, 81 circumagat 7, 164 circumagunt 5, 23 circumdatus 6, 533 circumdedit 6, 458 circumducitur 1, 122 circumducto 10, 280 circumligat 7, 89 circuralita 9, 14 circumscribere 14, 237 circumscripserit 10, 222 circuinseriptorem 15, 136 circumsilit 10, 218 circumspice 8, 96 circumspicit 7, 20 circus 11, 195 Cirrh* 7, 64 Cirrbsei 13, 79 cirro 13, 165 cista 3, 206. 6, 44 cistas 7, 11 citabere 8, 80 citarl 2, 43 citato 1, 60 cithari 6, 391 citharam 8, 230 citharcEdi 7, 212 citharcedo 8, 198 citharoedus 6, 76. 10, 211 citiiis 1, 125. 4, 134. 10, 225. 14,31. 15, 19. 16, 32 citd 1, 34. 9, 146. 11, 13. 14,27 177 cive 10, 278 civem 3, 3. 12, 121. 14, 70. 15, 156 civilia2, 51. 7, 106 civilis 2, 103 civiliter .5, 112 civis 2, 105. 4, 90. 6, 659. 8, 28 clade4,84.10,244. 15,114 clamant 1, 12 ' clamante 4, 75 clamantem 2, 37 clamat 6, 174 6.18. 8, 29. 9, 63. 14, 293 clamatur 2, 90 clament 9, 106 claincs 6, 2H3 clamor 6, 328. 11, 199 clamore 10, 215. l.{, 31. 14, 55. 15, 53 clamoso 9, 144 clamosum 8, 186 clamosus 14, 191 Clara 8, 61. 12, 74 clara 8, 151 claramque 8, 139 Claras 4,151 clari 3, 178 clarique 4, 125 clarum 11, 95 clarus 2, 129 classibus 10, 175 classis 7, 151. 14, 277 Claude 7, 26. 9, 104 claudenda 13, 129 claudentem 12, 96 claudere 14, 322 clauderet 3, 19. 6, 4 claudit 3, 131 clauditur 13, 156. 15, 139 Claudius 5, 147. 6, 115. 14, 330 clave 15, 158 clavorum 16, 25 clausa 3, 242 clausam 1, 124 clausis 3, 303 clausite, 129. 10, 17 clauso 3, 185. 4, 21 clausoque 6, 68 claustra 8, 261 clausus 6, 154. 10, 170 clavus 3, 248 Cleanthus 2, 7 dementia 1, 17. 6, 160 Cleopatra 2, 109 cliens9, 72. 10, 161 clientem 5, l(i clientes 1, 132. 3, 188 clienti 5, 64 clientii* 3, 125. 9, 59 Clio 7, 7 Clitumni 12, 13 clivoque 6, 660 clivosffi 5, 55 cloaca 6, 105 Clodius 2, 27. 6, .345 Ciot]io9, 135 dune 11, 1()4 clunem 2, 21. 6, .3.34 ciunibuti 5, 167 Ciuviam 2, 49 CluvienuH 1 , 80 ciypeiH 2, 126. 14, 242 cljpeo8, 201. 11, 106 Clyta^mnf!', 656 Coa 8, 101 coactif! 6, 134 coactns 14, 135 coacto 13, 133 roactoH 4, 146 + 1) coccina 3, 283 Coclite 8, 264 cocteeque 6, 472 coctumque 6, 133 codice 2, 57. 7, 110. 10, 236 Codri 1, 2 Codro 3, 203 Codrus 3, 208 coegerunt 15, 121 coegit 6, 423 coelesti 15, 146 coeli 6, 394 545. 13, 83 224. 14, 95 294. 16, 85 coelicolarum 13,42 coelo2, 25 40. 6,283. 11, 27 ccEloque 6, 11 637. 9,47. 10, 366 coelum 1, 38. 2, 25. 3, 78 84. 6, 623. 11, 62. 12, 18 coerati 14, 293 ccBna2, 120. 5, 24 85. 11, 78 141. 14, 170 coena 6, 641 coenacula 10, 18 coena- 1, 133. 4, 30. 5, 9. 9, 44. 10, 230. 14, 1.30. 15, 41 coenam 3, 273. 6, 202. 15, 14 coenandi 5, 166. 11, 120 coenare 3, 168. 14, 13 coenas 1, 145. 5, 117 coenat3, 142. 11, 1 12 ccpnatio 7, 183 ccenavit 1, 95. 10, 2.35 c(rnes 5, 112 ccenet 8, 85 cccnis 10, 362 ccenosi 3, 266 ccenula 3, 167 cntentum 13, 243 contentUH 7, 79. 9,9. 10, 172. 13, 133 contentusque 3, 1 7^ content 6, 226 350 contexere 14, 27 contexit 3, 195 contigerit 6, 49 contigit 5, 164. 6, 664. 7, 122. 13, 7 continet 5, 100. 10, 80 contingat 6, 217. 10, 341 contingens 11, 62 contingere 6, 60. 7, 60. 8, 7 contingi 6, 288 contingis 8, 28 contingunt 14, 184 continuis 10, 190. 11, 207 continuo 6, 493. 13, 191 219. 14, 243 contTA, prepositmi, 3, 290. 4, 89. 8, 138. 16, 33 34 contra, adverb, 1, 160. 6, 644. 9, 12 91. 13, 120 contraque 16, 34 contracta 11, 203 contrabat 11, 185 contrahit 6, 174 contrarius 9, 21. 10, 30 contulit 8, 240. 10, 265 contum 2, 150 contumque 10, 20 contundere 13, 128 conturbat 7, 129 convallem 16, 36 convelle 3, 321 convenerat 6, 281 conveniat 10, 348 convenit 7, 136, 15, 164 conveniunt 9, 132 conventum 6, 25 conventus 8, 129 conversus 4, 120 convicia 3, 237 convictus 11, 4 conviva 6, 74 161. 9, 10. 11, 60 conviva 6, 25 convivEc 3, 250. 6, 424 convivam 11, 130 convivia 1, 141. 5, 82. 11, 150 177. 13, 42 convomit 6, 101 convulsaque 1, 12 cophino 6, 642 cophinus 3, 14 cojjia I, 87. 10, 9 Copti 15, 28 Coptos 16, 35 coquere 15, 167 coram 6, 140. 8, 9. 10,22. 11, 47 59 Coranum 16, 54 corbibus 1 1 , 73 Corbulo 3, 261 C/'orcyriPa 15, 25 cordii 15, 131 28 VERBAL INDEX corde 7, 52. 16, 2:i Corinthi, pro/irr /iaiiit\ 8, 197 Corintlmm S, 1 lit corio 13, 155 corium 14, 204 Cornelia (>, 1(>7 cornice 10, 247 cornicines3,34. 10,44 214 coniiciiii 2, 1 IS coruu 2, 90. (i, 314. 12, 9 cornua 13, 1(55. 14, 199 Core 14, 2()8 corona G, 320. 19, !38 coronae 8, 22(5. 10, 39. 15, 50 coronam fi, 51 coronas 9, 85. 12, 87- 13, 149 coronata 13, 63 coronati 5, 36. 11, 97 coronatiim 6, 297 corpora2, 139. 12. 117. 13, 230. 14, 16 266 corpore 2, 75. 6, 235 605. 9, 19. 10, 217 356. 13, 92 178. 14, 51. 15,91. 16,53 corporibus 3, 259. 15, 106 corporis 10, 296 321 corpus 3, 48. 7, 62 corpuscula 10, 173 corripias 10, 292 eorripies 14, 54 corrosis 15, 80 corrumpunt 14, 32 corrupta 6, 180 corruptor 1, 77. 4, 8 corruptore 6, 233 corruptoris 10, 304 corruptus 6, 541 Corsica 5, 92 corv) 8, 252 Corvine 12, 1 93 Corvinum 8, 5 7 Cor^-inus 1, 108 cor vis 2, 63 Corum 10, 180 corvo 7, 202 coruscat 3, 254. 12, 6 Corj'banta 5, 25 Corycia 14, 267 Corydon 9, 102 twice corymbos 6, 52 CorythiB 8, 62 cosmetfip 6, 477 Cosmi 8, 86 Cosso 10, 202 Cos.sum 3, 184 Cossus 7, 144. 8, 21 cothurnis 6, 506. 15, 29 cothurno 7, 72 cothuriiuni 6, 634 Cotta 5, 109. 7, 95 cottana 3, 83 cotumix 12, 97 Cotytto 2, 92 coxa 10, 227 coxa' 6, 321 coxaui 15, 66 crambe 7, 164 eras 2, 132. 3, 23. 5, 33. 14, 310 crassa li, 158 crassiqiie 9, 29 crasso 13, 163 crassoque 10, 50 Grasses 10, 108 crassum 3, 150 crate 1 i , 82 cratera 12, 44 cratere 2, 87 crebruin 6, 584 credam 1, 51. 16, 31 crcdamus 6, 643. 8, 207 credant 13, 87 credas 3, 7- 5, 156. 6, 504. 14, 149 203. 15, 118 eredat 10,361. 15, 37 142 crede 8, 83, 13, 175. 14, 220 credebant 13, 54 credent 6, 554 credere 4, 70 5, 5 152 crederet 12, 20 crediderim 15, 21 crediderint 15, 171 credidit 10, 184 credimus 4, 53. 10, 176 credis 6, 275. 10, 68 246 credit 14, 119 233 286 credite 6, 630. 8, 126 creditor 7, 108. 11, 10 creditur 3, 93 146. 10, 173. 13, no credo 6, 1 credunt 2, 1.52. 13, 231. 15, 59 creduntur 10, 137 Cremerse 2, 155 crepat 10, 62 Crepereius 9, 6 crepido 6, 8 crepitat 1, 116 crepitum 3, 108 crepitus 11, I 70 crescant 10, 24 cresceute 11, 39. 13, 213 crescere 5, 96. 6, 371 crcscit 6, 289. 7, 101. 14, 139 (wioc crescunt 14, 116 117 Cressa 10, 327 Cretffi 14, 270 cretatnni(|ue 10, 66 Cretiee 2, 67 78 Creticus 8, 38 crimen 6, 23 294 493. 8, 128 141 216.9,110. 13, 90 210 crimina 8, 166 266. 13, 104 144. 14, 39 crimine 4, 15. 6, 219 285. 10, 69. 13, 6 24. 14, 238 criminibus 1 , 75 167. 13, 239 crine 2, 112 crinem 3, 186. 6, 120 490 crineroque 6, 316 crinibus 6, 164. 7, 70 Crispi 4, 81 Crispine 4, 24 Crispinum 4, 14 Crispinus 1, 27. 4, 1 108 crispo 6, 382 crissantis 6, 322 cristse 4, 70. 6, 256 422 cristam 13, 233 croeeae 7, 23 crocodilon 15, 2 crocos 7, 208 Crcesi 14, 328 Crcesum 10, 274 cruce 8, 188 erucem 6, 219. 13, 105 cruciatu 10, 286 crucibusque 14, 77 crudaque 8, 223 crudi 1 1 , 76 crudis 2, 73. 6, 203 crudo 15, 83 crudum 1, 143 cruentis 6, 525. 10, 185 316 crumena 1 1 , 38 crura 3,247. 6,319. 9, 15. 10, 60. 16, 24 cruraque 8, 115 crura 6, 446 crurisque 6, 256 crus 13, 95 crustas 5, 38 crustula 9, 5 oryptam 5, 106 crystallina 6, 155 cubat 3, 280 cubili 6, 117. 14, 82 cubito .3, 245 cucullos 6, 1 18 cucurbita 14, 58 cucurri 5, 77 cucurrit 12, 67 TO JUVENAL. 29 cui 1, 166. 3, 49. 5, 54. 6, 166 354 515 twice 563. 7, 211. 8, 58. 9, 50 twice oi. 10,330. 11, 136. 12, 72. 14, 105 256 300 cuicumque 6, 412. 13, 56 cuidam 13, 199 cuiquam 3, 119. 8, 178. 14, 6. 15, 55 cuivis 10, 31 cujus 1, 131 153. 2, 148. 3, 155 285 292 293. 4, 82. 5, 34. 6, 7 91 215 558 573. 7, 73 160. 8, 60 213. 10,48. 12, 94. 14, 244 298 330. 15, 136 147. 16, 54 cujusdam 6, 55. 8, 82 culeita 5, 17 culeus 8, 214 culina 3, 250 culina 14, 14 culina 5, 162 culmina 14, 89 culmine 13, 69 culmo 6, 6 culpa 6, 494. 7, 158 culpa 1, 167 culp;c 6, 540. 8, 119 163. 13, 106. 14, 37 cults 11, 200 cultain 3, 95 cultelli 2, 169 cultello 5, 122 cultellorum 11, 133 culti 3, 228. 14, 159 cultis 3, 189 cnltori 9, 49 culto? 3, 158 cultri 14, 217 cultris 2, 116. 10, 269. 12, 84 cultro 15, 119 culullo 3, 170. 6, 330. 8, 145 cum 2, 58. 3, 63 99 184 301. 4, 9. 6, 168 171 377 531. 8, 8 102. 9, 3 41 61. 10, 94. 11, 71. 12, 34. 13, 50. 14, 22. 15,22. 16, :«> 1, 110. 6, 300. 10, 24. 14, 329 divitiarum 1, 112 divitias 14, 135 238 divitibus3, 58.6, 586. II, 120 divitis 3, 131. 6, 648. 9, 102. 11, 166. 13, 27 Divorum 6, 114 diurni 6, 483 Divftm 6, 393 Divumque 13, 31 dixeris 3, 103 dixerit 1, 161. 6, 6.54. 8, 30. 16, 29 diximus 15, 1 13 dixisse 4, 36 dixisset 10, 124 dixit 4, 65 119. 7,214. 8, 244 do 7, 165 doceat 7, 176 docentis 7, 158 doces 7, 150. 14, 2.37 docet 6, 232 233. 7, 224. 13, 189. 14, 18 125 doeiles 14, 40 docta 6, 446 docte 7, 184 doctique 7, 215 doetoris 11, 137 doctus 1 , 56 57 docuit 15, 111 dogmata 13, 121 Dolabella 8, 105 dolabra 8, 248 dolato 12, 67 doleas 6, 167 dolet3, 102. 11, 188 dolia 6, 431. 9, 58. 14, 308 dob 13,146 dolorl0,315. 11,62. 13,12 dolorem 13, 131 229 dolori 10, 316 doloris 9, 90 domat 6, 236 domestica 9, 17. iO, 95. 14, 32. 15,64 domi 1, 120.2, 84.3, 165. 6, 152 357 465. 10, 65. 11, 117. 12, 10 119. 13, 57 domibus 3, 303. 6, 607. 8, 233. 9, 80 doraina 3, 33. 6, 376 377 dominse 6, 423 630. 9, 78 dominam 6, 30 dominas 6, 323 domini 2, 98. 4, 96. 5, 49 137. 10, 269. 14,63 169 TO JUVENAL. 33 dominique 3, 72 dominis 7,64. 11, 42 47 domino 5, 71 81 92 147 dominos 6, 4. 8, 65. 9, 111 dominum 2, 42. 3, 231. 4, 52. 6, 416. 8, 161. 9, 46. 10, 88 dominus 5, 137. 7, 179. 14, 145 293 Domiti 8, 228 domitique 8, 51 doniito 11, 89 domitos 10, 109 domitum 7, 77 domoque 13, 206 domos 6, 3 225 312. 10, 7. 15, 153 domum 4, 40. 11, 189. 12, 87. 14, 69 148 282 domus 1, 7. 3, 10 187 212 224 261. 5, 66. 6, 115. 7, 41 184. 8, 100. 10, 299. 11,99 169. 13,130. 14, 310 domus 3, 113. 6, 85 228 486. 10, 244 342. 13, 130. 14, 259 domuum 3, 72 dona, «ow/i, 13, 149. 16, 57 dona, verb, 7, 25. 11, 1S2 donabis 6, 212 donabitur 4, 55 donanda 6, 203 donandi 5, 1 11 donant 2, 61 donare 3, 3. 9, 49 59 10, 91 donaret 5, 133 donat 3, 133. 6, 356 donaverit 6, 519. 7, 236 donavit 1, 59. 15, 86 donee 5, 122. 6, 484. 10, 162. 13, 158 dones 6, 191 donet 3, 215. 7, 75. 1 4, 236 Dorica 4, 40 Dorida 3, 94 dormiiit 6, 376 dormiet 3, 141 dormire I, 77. 3, 196 281. 6, 116. 8, 11 dormiret 1,17 dormio 2, 37 dormiHset 6, 89 dormit 2, 60. 6, 34 329 dormitur 3, 235. 6, 269 dorpo 12, 109 dote 6, 1.39 169. 14,221 dotem 2, 1 17 Druso 3, 238 Drusorum 8, 40 DrususS, 21 duae 6, 20 duas 7, 65. 10, 80 dubia 7, 116. 8, 263 dubiam 11, 179 dubie 6,375. 14, 111 dubii 13, 124 dubiis 5, 22 dubita 6, 206 dubitabat 12, 43 dubitant 8, 194. 9, 110 dubitaret 13, 200 dubitas 3, 136 dubitat 9, 99 dubitaturi 4, 50 dubitemne 1, 103 dubites 15, 89 dubitet 8, 212. 13, 97 153 diibium 7, 110. 10, 82 dubius 14, 136 due 10, Qb ducat 1, 22. 7, 237. 13, 152 ducatur 12, 112 duce 10, 147 ducem 10, 158 ducenda 10, 240 ducendi 6. 201 diicentos 7, 139 duce re 12, 9 dueeris 5, 125 duces, noun, 7, 115. 8, 12 ducet 6, 583 ducibus 6, 400. 12, 108. 15, 40 ducimus 7, 49. 12, 3. 13, 20 ducis, noun, 2, 104. 7, 21. 16,58 ducis, verb, 6, 28 ducit 2, 81. 6, 238. 14, 188 ducitur 1, 146. 6,428. 10, 66 ducta 13, 216 ducti 10,351 ductis 15, 91 ductus 13, 10 ducunt 8, 66. 12, 65. 14, 36 dudum 3, 129 317. 10, 333 duelli 1, 169 dulce9, 88 dulcedine 7, 39 84 dulccm 6, .38 dulcior5, 139. 12, 1 dulcique 13, 185 rliim 1, 60. 5, no. 6, 176. 9, 128 twice. 10, 86. 11, 5 &c. dummodo 7, 222 225, 8, 269. 13,94 dumque 11,6 duo 4, 109. 6, 338. 7, 187. 9, 142. 14, 22. 16, 24 duos 5, 15. 6,641 642. 14, 326 dura 5, 172 durse 2, 1 1 durfeque 6, 290 durat 6, 379 durate 9, 69 duret 10, 254 duri9, 29. 11, 151 durior 3, 165. 8, 189 durius 3, 152 duro 3, 245 duroque 3, 170 duros 6, 102 durum 6, 98 377 durumque 11, 90 dux 4, 145 duxerat 15, 25 duxit 11, 93 E. E 2, 40. 6, 364 &c. eas, verb, 3, 274 easdem 14, 113 eat 6, 521 ebore 14, 308 eboris 11, 1.32 ebria 6, 300 ebrius 3, 278, 15, 2l' ebur8, 103. 11, 12.3. 12, 112 ebumis 13, 1.39 ebumo 10, 43 ecce 2, 129. 4, 1. 5, 166, 6, 511, 8, 203, 12, 24 echini 4, 143 Echion 6, 76 edam 1, 21. 14,317 ede 3, 74 296 cdendi 4, 1,39 edere 7, 196. 10, 261 ederet 2, 123 ediscere 14, 124 edi-scunt 14, 101 edit 5, 147 148. 15, 80 88 edita 4, 141 educat 15, 70 educit 6, 469 eiluiit .3, 36 cduxit 8, 266. 10, 236 effcrat 6, 567 cfferrc 1 , 72 3d VERBAL INDEX i-ffert 6, 1S2 elVioe 14, 323 etViciunt IG, 21 emgiem 1, 131. II, 100 efrigienu]iie G, 310 ettitfios 8, 9 22 22". 13, 119. 16,4 effodit IG, 38 efluderit 13, 67 eftudit 8, 205 eBugiatque 11, 204 effugientem 1 1, 55 eftugies 14, 157 effugit9, 150. 10, 78 efl'uudere 3, 277- 5; lo9 effiinderet 2, 33 effuiulit 4, 43. 14, 230 effundunt 6, 190 eIRisis G, 164 egeat 7, 229 egent 15, 147 egentis 14, 137 Egcrise 3, 17 egestas 15, 96 eget 7, 62. 13, 97. U, 288 egimus 7, 125 egisti 7,122 egit 8, 1S7 ego 1, 1 51 52 80 &c. egregiam 14, 256 egregias 10, 1 7 egregii 10, 296 egregios 10, 95 egregium 7, 53. 13,64. 14, 115 egregius 8,28. 12, 41 egregius, comparative, 1 1 , 12 egressa 11, 184 egress i 6, 635 eidein 14, 122 ejeetis 3, 16 ejectum 13, 242 eisdem 14, 30 ejusdem 4, 94. 12, 26 elapsum 4, 52 elatam 14,220 Electrac-8,218 electro 14, 307 elegos 1, 4 elemcDtall, 14. 14, 123 elementis 14, 17 elemento 15, 86 elenchos 6, 459 elephant! 12, 102 elephantos 10, 150 eliceret 7, 212 elige 10, 329 Elissae 6, 435 elixi 3, 294, 13, 85 eloquio7, 139. 10, lis clo.iuiuin 7, 19. 10, 114 Klpenoia 16, 22 elu> face, pro fac, 5, 112 face, iioini, 15, 140 facem 8, 139 facero 1 1 , 206 facerent 15, 123 faceres 0, 282 faceret G, 388 faces G, 139 faeetu3 9, 10 faciam 3, 41 faciant 2, 166. 6, 475. 7, 14 15 240. 11, 176 facias 8, 179. 14, 57 faciat 12, 127 facie 2, 107. 3, 106. 4, 74, 6, 108 401. 7, 137.9, 6. 10, 63. 11, 54. 16, 11 faciem 1,97. 3, 87 280. 6, 481.10,293.13,128 151 facienda 15, 108 faciens 9, 117 facient 1, 119. 2, 66. 5, 117. 8,115 faeientque 1, 148 facientia 11, 179 i2^c\es,nominative singular, 3, 135. 6, 143 199 462 473 513. 9, 20. 10, 157 198 facies, accusative plural, 8, 157. 9, 146. 15, 57 faciesque, accusative plu- ral, 7, 67. 14, 291 faciet 6, 552 617- 9, 34 facile 3, 31 164.4, 103. 9, 43. 13, 75. facilem 3, 122. 5, 107 faciles 10, 8 facili 3, 227. 4, 63 facilis 8, 58. 10,31. 15,47 facimus 10, 366. 14, 316 facinus 3, 115. 6, 640. 10, 255. 13, 203. 15, 14 facinusque 6, 294 493 facis 7, 28. 14, 71 facit 1, 79. 2, 57- 3, 53 242 282. 5, 91 140. 6, 111 409 596 64 7 652. 7, 38 57 92 238. 8, 215. 9, 107. 12, 35. 14, 80. 15,31 faciunt 2, 45 163. 3, 299. 6, 134 173. 8, 1. 12, 50. 15, 137 facta est 6, 186 facta.s 12, 44 faoti 6,271. 13, 193 210 facti.s4, 11. 8, 25 facto 3, 162. 10,218 factum 13, 126 faotura 1 1 , 95. 12, 56 facturus 6, 428 factus 5, 70. 6, 157 376 faciiiula 6, 445. 7, 35. 10, 274. 15, 111 faeundia 4, 82. 7, 145. ID, 10 facundo 16, 45 facundum 8, 48 ffficis 3, 61 F.Tsidium 13, 32 falce 8, 201 falceni 13, 39 falcibus 11, 149 Falernas 6, 150 Falerni 9, 1 16 Falerno4, 138. 6,303. 13, 216 Falemum 6, 430 fallnci 13, 4 fallit 14, 109 falsas 8, 142 falsi 2, 65 falso 1,98. 6, 604 falso 1, 67 falsurn 16, 32 falsus 8, 82. 14, 218 fama 6, 55. 8, 71. J5, 93 faiim 7, 79. 14, 1 famfe 6, 500. 7, 39. 8, 76. 9, 86. 10, 125 140. 14, 152 famain 1, 72. 6, 90 408. 10, 114. 11, 23 fame 14, 84. 15, 102 fameque 6, 424 famelica 14, 146 famem 4, 138 famemque 6, 360. 14, 273 fames 5, 10. 14, 318. 15, 120 131 famosaque 6, 83 famoso 15, 46 famulce 14, 81 fana 12, 27 fanaticns 2, 112. 4, 123 fanum 9, 22. 10, 290 farinee 5, 68 farra 12, 84. 14, 155 farrago 1 , 86 farrata 11, 109 farre 6, 386. 9, 122 136 farris 5, 11 fas 1, 58. 10, 55 257. 13, 237 fas est 1, 131. 6, 329 628 fasce 7, 107 fasces 8, 260. 10, 35 79 fasciae, 263. 9,14. 14,294 fascibus 5, 1 10 fastidia 10, 202. 14,184 201 fastidit 11, 80 fastidita 10, 326 fastiditus 10,270 fastigia 3, 39 fata 3, 274.6, 652. 7,201. 9, 32. 10, 146 fatebere 13, 248 fateri 3,59. 13, 222 fateris 10, 103 fatelur2, 17. 10, 172. 15, 132 fati 7, 200. 16, 4 fatigatas 3, 25 fatiget 4, 5. 6, 442 fatis 2, 16. 6, 133. 13, 156 fato 11, 105. 13, 104. 14, 137 158 fatoque 10, 129 fatorum 7, 190. 10, 252 fatuam 6, 658 fatum 4, 88. 6, .088. 9, 32 fatumque 12, 63 fatuos 9, 8 faucibus 8, 207. 13, 212 favente.s 12, 83 favisset 10, 76 favor 16, 56 fausti 7, 12 febre 10, 218. 13, 229 febres 10, 283 febris9, 17 fecerat 1 , 68 feceris 8, 41 feceritG, 115 222 405. 14, 50 151 feci 6, 638 fecimus 8, 163 fecisse 3, 231. 6, 456. 14, 185 fecisset 4, 12. 6, 619 fecit 2, 109. 3, 52. 4, 2.3. 7,83. 8,143 223. 10,46 fecunda 6, 162 fecundam 2, 32 fecundior 6, 177. 7, 98 fecundis 9, 56 felices 3,312. 13, 21. 14, 119 felicia 2, .38. 3, 312 felicibus 9, 135 felicior 10,313. 14,312 felicis 16, 1 felicissimus 16, 59 feliciter2, 119 felix 4, 8. 6, 258. 7, 190 191 193 202. 10, 248. 13, 187. 14, 21 femina 2, 88. 6, 60 242 327 362 460. 9,24. 10, 323. 13, 192 TO JUVENAL, 37 femineis 9, 53 femineum 6, 246 femur 6, 423. 13, 151 feneris 11, 40 48 183 fenestra 3, 242 fenestra? 1, 104. 3, 275. 6, 31 fenestras 9, 104 fenestris 3, 2/0 fenus 9, 140 fera 15, 160 fer» 11, 104 feralis 5, 85 ferarum 6, 6 feras, verb. 3, 276. 8, 47 ferat 1, 139.5,164. 7, 147 feratur 1 , 64 ferculal,94. 7,184. 11,64 fere 6, 241. 10, 23. 11, 112. 14, 173 ferenda 16, 43 ferendam 13, 143 ferens 2, 125. 6, 9 ferentem 2, 72. 10, 38 feres 8, 119 feret 6, 166 feriat 7, 55. 13, 93 ferienda 12, 14 feriri 6, 417 ferit 3, 245 twice 270. 6, 429 ferita.s 15, 32 feriunt 3, 298 ferme 8, 73. 13, 236 fermentum 3, 188 ferocem 1 , 162 feroci 7, 126 ferox 12, 7 ferrata 7, 41 ferrata 1 1 , 26 ferre 3, 45 60. 5, 170. 6, 30, 208 399. 7, 17. 10, 359. 12, 109. 13, 14 21 120. 14, 30 198 ferrea6, 23. 7, 150 ferret 3, 251 ferreus 1, 31. 11, 129 ferri, «o/^w, 3, 310. 13, 28 ferro 3, 305. 5, 115. G, 660 660. 7, -224. 10,316. II, 140. 12, 54. 14, 22 174 ferrof|ue 10, 260 ferruin 6, 112 624. 9,97. 15, 73 165 fert 3, 6h fertur 2, 62. o, 81. 11,6. 13, 170 fervenH 3, 49 283. 6, 631 ferventein 10, 301 ferveuti 11,51 fervet 5, 29 49. 6, 138. 8, 59 ferulEe 1, 15 ferulas 6, 479 feruntur 6, 315 648. 7, 64. 10, 237 festa6, 159. 12,92. 13,23 festmare4, 146. 14, 212 festinat 9, 126. 14, 84 festinata 4, 96 festino 10, 273 festis U , 83 festo 15, 38 festorum 3, 173 festus 12, 2 feta 14, 167 fetse 13, 66 fetum 15, 12 fetus 14, 78 fiant 6, 145 fias 10, 167 fiat 6, 775 25 401. 8, 121 fibula 6, 73 379 ficedulas 14, 9 ficta 6, 272 ficti 13, 77 fictile 11, 20 fietilibusS, 168. 10,26. 15, 127 fictilis 11, 116 fietos 2, 34 ficum 14, 253 fieus 10, 145 fida 6, 545 fide, noun, 15, 114 118 tidei 3, 144. 13, 6 fidem 13, 31 Fidenarum 10, 100 Fidt-nis 6, 57 fides 1, 115. 2, 8. 6, 560. 13, 62. 14, 166 fidibus 6, 388 fidimus 7, 139 fiducia 6, .553. 10, 306. 13, 110. 15, 1.55 fient 2, 135 136. 6, 324 fieres 5, 134 fieri 5, 138. 6, 41 254. 7, 6. 14, 176 177 fie.H 7, 197 198 fiet3, 140. 6, 397 508. 9, 62. 10,311 318 320. 14, 309 figam 9, 139 (ifjainut 6, 78 fiKantur 7, 118 ti^';^t 1, 23 fiKe5, 12. 9, 94 tigebat 4, 100 figei.dum II, 28 \^^l'■\^< 11, 272 tigentia 14, 2 figere 3, 2 figuli 4, 135 figulis 10, 171 figuram 6, 341 filaque 14, 133 filia 3, 110. 5, 139. 9, 83. 14, 26 filiolam 6, 241 filiolum 6, 390 filiolus 9, 83 filius 3, 111 132 157. 7, 188. 10, 295. 11, 151. 13,141. 14,49 52 68 94 filo 7, 134 filum 3, 287 fine 7, 241 finem 6, 444 527 635. 7, 138. 10, 163. 13, 241. 14, 190 fines 8, 265. 14, 142 finge 5, 72. 8, 195 fingentem 15, 18 fingimus 6, 634 fingit 13, 132 finitima 12, 12 finitimos 15, 33 finite 1,117 finitum 8, 150 finitus 1, 6 finxerunt 9, 109 finxit 14, 35 fisei 4, 55 fiscus 14, 260 fit 4, 98 fiunt 2, 162 167. 5, 158. 6, 229. 10, 64. 11, 134. 12, 22. 14, 117 fixa3, 304. 13, 240 fixis 12, 100 fixo 1, 156 Flaccus 7, 227 flagelli 5, 154 . flagellis 10, 180. 14, 19 flagello 6, 479 flagellum 2, 169. 8, 151. 13, 195 flagitio 13, 244 flagra5, 173. 10, 109 flagrabat 4, 114 flagrante I, 152 flagrantem 14, 245 flagranti 3, 139 flagrantia 13, 182 flagrantior 13, 1 1 flarnea2, 124. 6, 225 flanicolo 10, 334 Flaminia 1,171 Flaminiaiii 1, 61 flaminaniin 3, 286 flammas 8, 233 38 VERBAL INDEX flainmis 10, •_>(!(>. 11, l\:i flaviim <;, ;?r)4. l;{, 1G4 flavi fi, 1 15 Flavius 4, 3" flavo (), l-2() flebat 10, 30 flebile 13, 84 flectas 13, 144 fleiitem 7, 146 flet 3, 101 fletu 15, 13(> fletumquc (), 276 rtexi 6, 493 Hexisse 9, 20 flexit 1, 20 flexu 3, 237 Flora 2, 49 Florae 14, 262 Florali 6, 250 florentibus 8, 99 flores 15, 50 Hos 5, 56 flosculus 9, 127 fluctibus 10, 186 fluctu 11, 94. 12, 30 fluctum 6, 322 fluctuque 14, 296 fluctas 6, 92 flumiDa3, 31. 10, 177 fluminis 15, 7 fluxerit 13, 69 fluxit 6, 295 focis 4, 65. 11, 79 focos 12, 85. 15, 83 foculum 3, 262 focum 5, 97 foderit 9, 45 foeda 3, 148. 6, 132 461. 14, 64 foedae 14, 152 foedere 7, 123 foedior 4, 14 foedis 8, 183 foedius 2, 82 fcedo 8, 225 foedum 7, 5. 14, 44 foeno 1 1 , 70 foenoque 6, 542 fcenumque 3, 14 foliata 6, 465 folium 8, 126 foUe 14, 281 follem 13, 61 folles7, 111 follibus 10, 61 fons 10, 119. 12, 41 fonte 6, 2b6 554 Fonteio 13, 17 fontein 14, 104 fontibus 7, 59 fontis 3, 13 fora2, 52. 6, 6S. 13, 135 Coras 5, 126 loicipibus 10, 131 lore 13, 200 forent 4, 48 140 fores 6, 227 foret 2, 158. 10, 76 103 263. 12, 30 fori 16, 47 foribus 9, 85 foricas 3, 38 foris 9, 77 forma 5, 61. 6, 178. 10, 324 forma 6,103 forma 10, 297 form am 10, 289 formant(iiie 6, 244 formica 6, 361 formidat 3, 176 formidatus 6, 559 formidine 13, 106. 15, 77 formosa 6, 162 465. 13, 43 formosam 6, 186 formosissimus 10, 331 fornace 3, 309 foinaeula 10, 82 fornice 3, 156. 11, 171 fomicis 10, 239 foro 4, 7. JO, 25. II, 50 forsan 6, 14. 12, 125 ■ forsitan 1, 150. 5, 156. 8, 113. 11, 162. 14, 34 295 fortasse 4, 25. 6, 27 600. 13, 103. 15, 15 forte 3, 278. 6, 642. 7, 156 232. II, 119. 13, 217 fortem 6, 97. 10, 357 fortes 9, 142 fortia 8, 57 fortibus 8, 122 fortior 3, 292. 12, 66. 15, 161 fortis 4, 3. 16, 59 fortuitu 13, 225 fortuna 3, 40. 6, 287 605. 7, 197. 9, 148. 10,285 366. 12,29. 14,316 328 fortuna 6, 593. 8, 74 fortuntp 10, 52. 11, 174. 13, 10 20 86. 14, 90. 15, 95 fortunam 10, 73. 16, 34 fortunas 14, 113 fortunatam 10, 122 foiulos 3, 219 forum 1, 128. 7, 132 fossa 2, 10 fossor 1 1 , 80 fovet 6, 606 fovetur 6, 468 471 fovisti 8, 165 fracta 2, 111. 4,33.6,522 618. 10, 134. 11, 18 fractis 14, 161 296 fractum 5, 68 fraga 13, 57 frapiles 6, 344 fragiii 12, 88 fragor 11, 195 frameam 13, 79 frange 7, 27 frangebat 8,247. 11, 102 frangenda 8, 18 frangendus 10, 200 frangere 10, 102. 15, 9 franget 7, 219 frangimus 10, 156 frangis 8, 136 frangit 6, 4/9 frangitur 11, 189 franguntur 10, 60 frater 5, 135 fratereulus 4, 98 fratres 5, 137 fratribus 14. 169 fratris 10, 242 fratrum 10, 260 fraude 13, 71 fraudem 13, 201 fraudes 13, 24. 14, 229 fraudisque 13, 174 fregeris 14, 309 fregerunt 6, 299 fregit 7, S6. 14, 93 fremat 8, 37 fremeret 5, 78 fremitu 6, 261. 14, 247 frena 2, 169. 8, 88. 10, 45 128 frequentes 13, 246 frictus 6, 578 frigida 1, 166. 5,23. 6,2. 14, 300 frigidior 5, 50 frigidus 6, 325 frigora 14, 318 frigore4, 44. 11, 75 146 frigusque 6, 360 fritillo 14, 5 frivola3, 198. 5, 59 frondibus 6, 6 frons 8, 189. 11, 96 fronte 5, 44. 6, 603. 9, 2. 11, 205. 13, 242. 16, 60 frontem 6, 616. 8,203. 13, 216. 14,66 frontemque 6, 583. 12, 6 frontibus 2, 85. 12, 117 fronti 2, 8 Frontonis 1, 12 fruatur 11, 171 TO JUVENAL. 39 Iruetus 5, 14. 7, 103. 8, 6 frueris 5, 153 frugalius 5, 6 frugia, 167.4, 23. 14,111 fruitur 1, 49 frumenti 7, 175. 14, 293 frumentum 5, 1 18 Frusinorie 3, 224 frusta 5. 68. 14, 128. 15, 79 frustra 3, 210 frustum 11, 142 fruticante 9, 15 fudit 3, 258 fuerant 11, 72 fuerat 5, 76 fuerit 8, 151 fuerunt 8, 254 fuga 8, 61 fuga 2, 144 fugae 15, 75 fugere 2, 1 fugere 6, 20 fugeret 15, 172 fugerimt 2, 64 fugiam 3, 59 81 fugienda 14, 36 fugiens 13, 40 fugientem 9, 74 fugientibus 11, 52 fugit 6, 253 339. 8, 206. 10, 160 fugitivis 8, 174 fugitivum 4, 50 fugitivus 13, 111 fuissent 6, 642 fuit 2, 83. 3, 2.5 137- 4, 139. 5, 57. 8, 274 275. 10, 83 247. 11, 78. 13, 53. 14, 29 105 fulcri 6, 22 fulcrum 11, 95 fulgebat 11, 108 fulgere 10,212 fulget 8, 42 fulgura6,587. 13,223.14, 292 fulguris 12, 17 fuligine 2, 93. 5, 35. 10, 130 fuligo 7, 227 fulmina3, 145. 7, 163. 13, 78 fulmine 8, 92 fuUerit 7, 140 fulta 7, 182 fultam 3, 193 fultusque 3, H2 furaabant 14, 171 fuinant I, 156. 3, 199 fumat n, 1 16 fumo 3, 249 fumoque 6, 131 fumosos 8, 8 fumusque 1, 120 functus 11, 88 fundat 5, 142 fundite 12, 37 fuado 3, 108. 4, l4l funem 12, 5. 14, 266 292 funera 4, 109. 8, 192. 10, 241. 13, 131 funere 6, 565 funesta 1, 1 13 funestat 8, 18 fungi 5, 146 fumis 1, 146. 3, 43. 10, 259. 11,44. 15, 138 fur 2, 26. 3, 47 furem 6,17. 13, 23 fureutis 6, 511 furere 6, 615 furibus 8, 174 Furiae 13, 51 furiosus 3, 291 furit 14, 63 fumos 7, 4 furor 1, 92. 2, 18. 8,97. 14, 136 284. 15,36 100 furtis 11, 144 furtiva 12, 120 furtivaj 1, 10 furva 12, 104 fusa 7, 169 Fusci 12,45 fuscina 2, 143 Fuscine 14, 1 Fusco 16, 46 Fuscus 4, 112 fuso 11, 69 fuste 9, 98 fustes 6, 416 fusum 2, 55 futura 10, 353 futuri 3, 72. 6, 556 Gabiis 3, 192. 6, 56. 7, 4 Gabioruinque 10, 100 Gadibus 10, 1 Gaditana 11, 162 Gii-tula 10, 158 Ga-tulaquc 14, 278 Ga'tulicc 8, 26 Gaitulum 6, 59 Gn-tulus 5, 53. 11, 140 Galba 5, 4. 8, 222 Galbam 2, 104. 8, 6 Galbana 2, 97 galuik 6, 1 51. 6, 108. 8, 203 galea 6,262. 11, 6 galeam 2, 130. 8, 124. 14, 261 galeata 6, 252 galeatum J , 169. 8, 238 galero 6, 120. 8. 208 Galla 1, 125 126 Galle 16, 1 galli 9, 107. 13, 233 Galli 8, 176. 9, 30 Gallia 7, 16 148. 15, 111 Gallicus 8, 116. 13, 157 galllDa 3, 91. 5, 124. 11, 134 gallinse 13, 141 gallinam 12, 96 gallinaria 3, 307 Gallis 11, 113 Gallita 12, 99 Gallita; 12, 113 ganeo 11, 58 Gangem 10, 2 gannit 6, 64 Ganymedem 5, 59. 9, 22 yag 9, 37 garrula 12, 82 gaude 6, 597 gaudeat 8, 13 gaudebis 13, 247 gaudebit 5, 143 gaudent9, 136. 10,67. 12, 81 gaudentis 8, 225 gaudere 6, 232. 15, 84 gauderet 11, 103 gaudes 9, 84. 14, 270 gaudet 6, 75 102 209 379 420. 7,105. 10,292. 13, 192. 14, 18 gaudia 1, 86. 6, 189 365 602. 8, 47. 9, 19. 10, 51 204. 15, 41 Gaurana 8, 86 Gaurus 9, 57 gelantur 6, 95 gelida 3, 190 gelidaque 5, 63 gelidas 7, 206 gelidasque 5, 77 giilido 10, 217 gelidos 3, 322 gem at 6, 267 gemeret 7, 71 gemimus 3, 214. 15,138 gemiiii.s 6, 305 geminos 11, 105 gcminum 5, 69 gcmit 2, 90 geniitu 13, 130 gemituH 6, 271. 8, 9S. 13, 11 -10 VERBAL INDKX gem 111 a 1, (>8 gommaque 13, 138 geiniiin^ 1, 21) genimas 5, 41 43. G, 458 gemmata 10, 27 genas 10, 193 gener 3, IfiO genere2, 129. 8, 31 generi 15, 132 generis 8, 6. 13, 159 generosa 8, 5/ generosne 14, 81 generose 6, 124 generosi 8, 224. 12, 40 generosior 2, 145 generosnni 8, 30 generosus 7, 191 generum 10, 112 genesi G, 579 genesis 14, 248 "genialis 4, G6. 10, 334 genibus G. 62G genis 6, 131. 15,58 genitalia 6, 514 geniti 14, 40 genitrix IG, 6 genitus 10, 129 genium 6, 22 5G2 gens 3, 58 8G. 15,98 gente G, 17G. 8, 239. 12, 104. 13, 207 gentem 8, 18 273 gentes 15, 10 gentibus 13, 171 gentilia 3, G4 gentis 3, 121. 8, 115. 10, 332 genua 10, 55 genuinum 5, 69 genuit 10, 23G genus G, 449 556. 7, 105 155. 8, 131. 9, 27. 10, 219. 12, 24. 15, 69 171 Geometres 3, 76 Germani 13, 164 Germanicus G, 205 gessisti G, G14 gesta 15, 28 gestamen 2, 99 gestare 13, 198 gestetur 7, 1 79 gestibus 6, 72 gestis 14, 314 gestu 5, 124 Geticis 5, 50 gibboque 10, 309 gibbum 10, 294 gibbus6, 109 gigantum 4, 98 Gillo 1, 40 gingiva 10, 200 glaeiuleui 2, 1 glaeio 5, 104. 6, 522 glaeiem 14, 186 glaeifs 4, 42 gladiator 2, 144. 6, 110 gladii 10, 164 glad i is 4, 96 gladio 8, 243. 10, 345. 13, 25 gladios 8,195. 10,123. 15, 168 gladiosque 10, 131. 14,162 gladium 10, 20 gladiumque 8, 123 glandem 6, 10 glandis 13, 57 Glaphyrus G, 77 glcbamque 12, 85 glebula 14, 166 gloria 5, 111. 7, 81 fwirc 118. 10, 143 1.59 187. 13, 98 glutisse 4, 28 yvZh 11, 27 gobio 11, 37 Gorgon e 12, 4 Gorgonei 3, 1 18 Gracchi 2, 143 Gracclio 8, 210 Graccborum 6, 168 Gracchos 2, 24 Gracchum 8, 201 Gracchus 2, 117 graciles 6, 466. 12, 87 gradibus 3, 200 Gradive 2, 128 Gradivns 13, 113 gradus 11,46 Grajcam 3, 61 Greece 6, 187 191 193 Graecia 10, 174. 14, 240 Grfflcis 6, 16. 14, 89 Grsecorum 3, 114 Grsecos 3, 206 Grfficula 6, 186 Grseculus 3, 78 Graiajque 8, 226 Graias 11, 100. 15, 110 Graiusque 10, 138 gramine 8, 60 graminis 12, 40 grammatici 6, 438 graminaticus 3, 7(i. 7, 216 grande 4, 115. 6, 169 517 636. 11, 123. 12, 127. 13, 54. 14, 281 grandes 14, 171 195. 16, 14 grand! 6, 79. 7, 110. 12, 14 grandiaG, 155 302 645. 9, 51. 11, 70. 13, 147 granine 5, 78 grandis 7, 210. 10, 71 grassator 3, 305 grassatur 14, 174 grata 3, 66 gratcR 14, 183 gratam 11, 182 gratia 8, 64. 13, 4 grat<)(|ue 6, 384 gratulor 15, 86 gratum 3, 4. 14, 70 gratus 12, 70 grave 7, 71. 10, 326. 14, 248 graves 3, 309. 11, 127 gravi G, 421 gravior 6, 434. 16, 22 graviora(), 134. 15, 29 graviore 13, 175 227 graviorem 8, 209 gravis 1, 25 ]{)3. 6, 99 147 270 418 511. 9, 12. 10,201 226. 11,41. 13, 197 gravitas 6, 178 graviter 12, 23 gravins 15, 119 grege G, 533 fivicc. 9, 143. 10, 94. 11,66. 12, 116. 15, 143 greges 6, 175 gregibus 1, 46. 6, 161 grtinio 2, 120. 3, 176. 7, 215 gremium 5, 142. 14, 327 grex 2, 79. 8, 108 grue 13,170 grunnisse 15, 22 gula 1, 140. 5, 94. 15, 90 gula 5, 158. 11, 39. 14, 19 gulosum 11, 19 gurgite2, 150. 5, 100. 14, 280 gurgitibus 13, 70 gurgitis 3, 266 Gurgitis 6, 266 gustat 15, 92 gustaverit 14, 85 gustus 11, 14 gutta 11, 54 gutto 3, 2G3, 11, 158 guttur 6, 105. 13, 162 gutture 1, 156 gutturis 2, 114 GyarEC 10, 170 Gyaris 1, 73 gymnasia 3, 115 gypso 2, 4 TO JUVENAL. 41 H. HabeS, 188. 5, 118 habeant 8, 227 habeas 5, 127. 14,207. 16, 24 habeat 2, 39. 6, 448. 13, 34 habebat 5, 151. 9, 3 habebatur 5, 1 11 habebis 11, 60 habebit 6, 562 656 habenas 14, 230 habendos 15, 37 habendum 11, 93. 13, 118. 14, 254 habent 6, 61. 13, 83 habentem 5, 46 habere 1, 129. 10, 90. 14, 207 haberi 3, 272. 8, 24. 10, 92 babes 8, 200. 9, 87. 10, 365. 14, 315 habet 1, 40. 3, 122 144 152 267. 4, 125. 5, 19. 6, 152 181 197 240 268 358. 7, 74 75 189. 8, 141. 10, 72 297 323. 11, 68. 12,95. 13, 194 210. 14, 140. 15, 110 habetur 8, 141. 11,1 habitas 1, 14 4. 14, 268 habitat 14, 92 habitatas 15, 152 habitatorem 14, 312 habitu 14, 110 habitum 2, 72. 9, 20 habitus 2, 124. 6, 267. 8, 202. 11, 149 habitfis 3, 180 habitus nccus.plurnl, 3,177 habuere 6, 13. 10, 278 habuit 3, 208. 10, 140 294 haedos 11, 153 beedulus 1 1 , 66 Hsemo 3, 99. 6, 198 haeremus 6, 281 barrens 3, 233 hfpreret 7, 227 hffires 3, 135 Iia}ret2, 137- 3, 248. li, 54 ha!serat 4, 41 htt'Hurarn 11, 2 h»suri 10, 144 halitus 10,2.18 HainilluH 10, 244 hamiH 14, 305 H.-immoiiiM 6, 555 Hniinibr.l 6, 291. 7. 161 Hannibaltiii6,170. 10, M 7 ilamiibali 12, 108 haruspex 6, 397 550 haruspice 2, 121 hasta 3, 33. 11, 106 hastamque 13, 82 hastile 7, 127 baud 3, 164. 13, 200 &c. hausit 3, 85 haustu 3, 227 hebetes 8, 137 hebeti 11, 140 hecatomben 12, 101 Hectore 10, 259 hederis 7, 29 Hedymeles 6, 383 Heliadum 5, 38 Heliodorus 6, 373 Helvidiusque 5, 36 Helvinam 3, 320 Heracleas 1, 52 herba 3, 20 herba 12, 12 herba; 11, 66 herbas 15, 99 herboso 3, 173 Hercule 5, 125 Herculeo 8, 14. 14, 280 Herculeos 13, 82 Herculis 2, 20. 3, 89. 10, 361. 13, 43 151. 14,90 heredem 6, 39 heredes 10,237. 12, 95 heres 1,41. 3, 161. 6,218 600. 9, 87. 14, 4 heri 3, 23 Herma; 8, .53 hernia 6, 326 Hernicus 14, 180 Hesperidum 14, 114 hesternae 9, 44 hesternum 14, 129 heu 2, 159 hiantia 1.5, 57 hiat 10, 231 hiatu 6, 636. 11, 123 hiatum 3, 175 196 hibernaj 7, 221 hii)emum 6, 522 hie 1, 160 &c. Iiic, fufiM.-rb, 2, 167 &e. hihireuiijuc 1.5, 4) hilares 11, 176, 12, 66. 13, 52 bine 1, 65. 8, 195. 14, 13 45 Hippia 6, 82 104 114. 10, 220 Hippolyto 10, 325 Hi])poinane3 6, 133 Hirpiiii 8, 63 Hirrus 10,222 hirsuto 2, 41. 5, 156 *F hirundinis 10, 231 hiscere 5, 127 Hispania 8, 116. 10, 151 bispida 2, 11 Hispo 2, 50 Hispulla 6, 74 Hispulla 12, 11 Hister 2, 58 historitt 2, 103. 1, 175 historiarum 7, 98 historias 6, 450. 7, 231 historico 7, 104 histrio 7, 90 Histrum 12, 111 hoc 6, 224 657. 14, 153&C. hodie3,23. 11,56 150 177 195. 13, 47 Homericus 13, 113 Homero 7, 38. 10, 246. 15, 69 Homerum 6, 437 homicida 2, 26 homine 15, 174 hominera 3, 75. 10, 69 homines 1, 85. 2, 167. 3, 153. 5, 131. 6, 12 333 696. 9,32. 10,346. 14, 184. 15, 70 117 homini 1, 134. 15, 165 hominis 6, 47 221. 10, 271 hominum 6, 342. 10, 48 173. 13, 31 243. 14, 276. 15, 103 homo 5, 161. 6, 222 284. 10, S.-jO. 14, 112 homuncio 5, 133 honesta 6, 95 honcsti 3, 62 honestis 3, 21. 6, 444 honestius 5, 10 honestos 6, 239 honestum 4, 85 honor 1, 117 honore 11, 87 honorem 5, 136. 6, 632. 7, 88 honores 8, 69. 10, 104 bonori 1,110 honoris 3, 178. 8, 150 bonoruni 10, 57 hora 6, 577 681. 11, 205. 16, 4 bora 7, 222. 10, 76 boras 10, 216 Horatius 7, 62 hordea 8, 154 horis 6, 183 honeat 6, 183 horri"ndac|Up 12, 15 borrenihis 6, 485 horrenti 1, 93 42 VKKliAL INDEX liorrert 3, 7 horreres 2, 122 horret 3, 2G5 horri^la 2, 57. 3, 212. 8, IK). 9, 12. 10,298. 14, 242. 15, 44 horridior 6, 10 hortatur 14, 121 horti 3,228. 6,376. 13,123 hortis G, 488. 7, 79. 10, 334. 14, 319. 15, 10 hortoG, 18. 11,78. 14,172 hortos 1, 75. 10, 16 bortulus 3, 226 hospesS, 137. 11,62 hospite 14, 59 hospitio 3, 211 hospitis 8, 161 hospitium 3, 16G. 7, 70 host em 10, 86 hosti 11, 107. 13, 169 hostia 11, 85. 12, 5. 13, 235. 15, 119 hostibus 15, 100 hum ana 14, 264 humana 13, 222. 14, 98 humaiiffi 14, 175 humanas 10, 163 humani 13, 159 humanU 10, 137. 15, 13 humano 15, 132 humanum 6, 556 humeris 10, 39 humero 1, 27- 6, 491. 10, 227 humeroque 8, 4 humi 8, 78 humida2, 158. 11, 186 humiles 6, 414. 8, 44 humili 3, 39. 9, 48 humilis G, 287. 11, 67 169 humor 10, 32 humore 13, 133 hiimum 15, 63 Hyacinthos 6, 110 hydri 7, 70 by ernes 4, 92 hyeras 4 58 Hylas 1, 164 Hymetto 13, 185 hyperboreum 6, 470 I. J. I 6,306. 10, 166 310. 12, 57 jaceat 6, 580. 7, 79 jacebat 4, 9 120. 14, 167 jacebit 1, 136. 10, 206 jacene 6, 36 126 jacentem 8, 173. 15, 43 jacot G, 269 279 439 594. 10, 86 205. 16, 6 jactabo 12, 90 jactare 3, 106. 8, 6. 13, 22 jactavet 1, 62. 4, 118 jactat 6, 236 jactata 14, 265 jactatur 12, 62 jacteturS, 208 jactu 12, 33 jai'tiira 3, 125. 6, 91. 13, 177 jactura' 13, 8 jacuit 2, 120. 6, 476, 10, 288. 12, 62 jacula 8, 124 jaculator 7, 193 jaculetur 1,11 jaculum 5, 155 jam 1, 5. 3, 198. 11, 204 &c. jam jam G, 628 jamque 3, 206. 6, 26 377 385 488. 8,97 jamdndum 3, 317 jamne 10, 28 jampridem 3, 62. 6, 515. 10, 77 Jane 6, 394 janua3, 4. 6, 79 215, 7, 42. 12,91. 13, 129 146 Janum 6, 386 larbffi 5, 45 Tason 6, 153 iaspis 5, 42 ibat4, 104. 11, 88 Iberinffi 6, 53 ibiG, 324. 11, 174 &c. ibidem 5, 40 Ibin 15, 3 ibit 3, 78. 6, 527 f'76 Ictericfe 6, 565 ietum 12, 17 ictus 4, 121. 5, 125. 6, 126 261 Idffii 3, 138 Idaeis 13, 41 Idseum 11, 192 idcirco 9, 123 idem 6, 217. 10, 331 &c. ideo 3, 47. 7, 143 144. 8, 251. 11, 135. 13, 89. 16, 143 idoneus 14, 71 Idumajffi 8, 160 jecur 1, 45. 5, 114. G, 648. 7, 117. 13, 117 jejuna 5, 10. 10, 232 jejunum 15, 51 ifjnava 14, 106 ipnavum 7, 106 ifiiiavus 3, 272 igne 16, 140 ignem 3, 214 253. 4, 61. 14,244. 15, 84 ignemque 6, 3 ignes 6,624. 10,61.13,146 igni 14, 285 igniculum 3, 102 ignis 1,134. 12, 19. 13,226 ignobilis4, 104. 8, 237 ignominiam 8, 209 ignnrasse 10, 103 ignorat 6, 669 ignovet 11, 26 ignoro 3, 43 ignoscas 8, 189 iguoscat 1, 154 ignoscentibus 3, 146 ignoscere 13, 103. 15, 105 ignoseit 6, 435 ignoacitis 8, 181 ignotaque 14, 187 ignotosque 6, 454 ignotum 6, 637 iisdem 7, 163. 10, 175. 11, 73. 15, 167 Iliacus 13, 43 Iliados 11, 178 Iliadum 10, 261 ilibus 5, 136 ille 4, 73 ike. illinc 1, 159 &c. illuc 2, 159 &c. illud 6,194 203. 8,275 &c. illustresque 4, 152 lllyricumque 8, 117 ima 8, 47 imagine 7, 29. 8,18. 11,18 imago 8, 65. 13, 221 imbelle 18, 126 imbelles 6, 366. 8, 113 imber 13, 67 inibuit 14, 124 imbutus 11, 144 imis 3, 200 imitandis 14, 40 imitantur 14, 107 imitata 10, 299 imitata est 6, 341 imitatur 7, 42 imitatus 12, 34 inimane 10, 107 immanem 14, 162 immanes 16, 18 12.^ immania 15, 104 immemor 6, 85 immensa 7, HI immensae 1 1 , 194 immeritis 10, 60 itnminuit 14, 92 TO JUVENAL. 43 imm6lO,324. 13,108.16,9 immolat 15, 118 immortale 15, 34 impacta 10, 59 impar 3, 161. 13, 169 impatiens 6, 327. 7, 58 impatiensque 6, 238 impellat 3, 128 impendat 12, 96 impendere 4, 91 impensa 12, 97 impensee 5, 156. 7, 138 impensas 3, 216 imperat 6, 64 224 imperet 8, 81 imperfectus 3, 233 imperii 4, 137. 8, 265. 11, 105 ' imperiis 10, 151. 11, 87. 14,331 imperio 6, 135. 10, 343. 15, 138 imperium 10, 79. 13,60 impetus 15, 62 implant 6, 310 implere 1, 63 impleret 6, 601 impleri 5, 75 iraplet 2, 96. 6, 249 546. 7,161. 9,56. 14,30 288 impletur 7, 24 implevere 14, 215 impieverit 2, 58 implevero 9, 90 implevi 14, 327 implevitque 4, 41 imponere 4, 103 imponet 12, 118 imponit 6, 444 imponite 7, 229. 12, 84 impositas 3, 252 imposito 6, 334 impressit 6, 422 imprime 9, 134 improba 6, 86 605. 13, 3 improhior 4, 106 improbitas 10, 305. 13, 63 improliulum 5, 73 improbus 3, 282. 9, 63. 16, 37 improvidus 3, 273 iinpulit 12, 19. 15, 120 impulHffi 10, 107 impuNu 10, 351 impuni- 1,3 4. 4, 152 itn|iunitiiiii 13, 200 impiit:it (*>, II 15 impiitct 6, 179 imputo 2, 17 in 1,6 38 104 107 111 142. 2, 28 48 57 68 79 twice 107 133 136 139. 3, 17 22 30 62 78 162 280. 4, 6. 6, 44 142 153. 6, 2 65^iv"cnqui-!itore3 4, 49 inquit 1. 102 125. 3, 21 153.4,125.5,118.6,281 416. 7, 242. 8, 44. 10, 165 291. 13, 84. 14, 153 insanabile 7, 51 iiis.inia 2, 71 iusanuin 6, 620 insatiabile 14, 126 inscius 11, 66 iii.srtipta 14, 24 inscriptaque 8, 168 insignia 8, 227 insignis 8, 32. 10, 57 insLstero (5. 96. 9, 144 inspecta 6, 579 inspexi 3, 45 inspicit 1, 97 iiistabile 9, 79 instant 15, 75 in.stantem 6, 407. 14, 210 iii-stantis 14, 63 in Stat 6, 620 instaurare 8, 158. 15, 74 iiistitoi- 7, 221 instituas 14, 74 instituitque 1, 71 in.struit 5, 97 insulsam 6, 658 intacti: 6, 336 intactam 7, 87 intactior 6, 163 iutactoquo 5, 169 intactuni 14, 194 integers, 80. 10,288.15,56 intellecta 9, 129 intellig.at 4, 401. 6, 451 intelligit 12, 36 intendunt 8, 150 inter 1, 112 129. 2, 10 47. 3,157 191 264. 5,28. 6, 101 323. 7, 186. 8, 133 175 217. 10, 260 358. 11,93. 13, 119 186. 14, 203. 15, 33 164 interque 13, 212 intercepta 13, 71 interdum 3, 181 305. 6, 552. 10, 52 315. 13, 182 interea 1, 135. 2, 137. 3, 261. 5, 120. 6, 149 237 424 461 508. 8, 155. 10, 342. 11, 14 191. 14,138. 15, 44 intererit 14, 73 interiora 12, 80 interius 11,15 internuntia (!, 545 interpres 4, 79. 6, 544 interrogo 10, 72 intervenit 6, 194 inte.stata 1, 144 intestatus 3, 274 iiitestina 7, 78 iiiti'stiiio 6, 429 intDlerabilu (i, 413 intolerabiliiis 6, 460 intonet 6, 485 intra 8, 240. 9, 1 1 43 55 94. 13, 209. 14, 46 intrantes 6, 125 iiitranti 4, (>2 intrat 2, 88. (!, 374 512. 10, 317. 12, 75 intraverit 19, 171 iiitravit 6, 121 iutrcpidi 13, 89 introitum 1 1, 10 intulerit 6, 340 intiilit 6, 299 intus 3, 241 invadunt 2, 20 invalidi 3, 83 invenieH 2, 5. 6, 208. 8, 48 173. 10, 148. 15, 129 irivcniet 8, 232 invenit 3, 260. 9, 8. 10, 47. 13, 29 197. 15, 44 inventas 14, 75 inventis 13, 6G invento 8, 30 invt^ntrix 15, 117 inversis 14, 187 inverso 3, 108 invideas 7, 93. 11, 110 invidet 10,228 invidia 15, 95 invidise 10, 57 invidiam 16, 123 invidiosa 13, 179 invisi 13, 248 invita 6, 212 invitatus 14, 134 inviti 14, 108 involvitque 6, 607 inutile 15, 126 lo 6, 626 joeari 3, 40 jnco 9, 10 jocorum 3, 147 Ionium 6, 93 Jove 6, 15 twice. 14, 206 Jovem 12, 89 Jovi 12, 6 Jovis 8, 156. 10, 38 268. 14,81 271 Iphigenia 12, 119 ipsa 3, 95 1 73. 6, 209 263 281 401 490. 10, 294. 11, 133. 13, 29. 14, 139 ipsa 10, 76. 12, 11. 13, 180. 14,295 ipsfp 6, 244 ^r*':'.'.*^ TO JUVENAL. 45 ipsam 6, 1/3 333 568. 10, 141. 13, 161 ipsas 8, 23. 10, 59 ipse 1, 62 105 12/ 136. 2, 18. 3, 110 222 4, 69. 5, 30 37 86 104 142. 6, 652. 8, 41 75 147 148. 10,52 230 251 363. II, 62 75 160. 12, 35. 13, 56. 14, 127 244. 15, 38 45 ipsi 1, 100. 5, 107. 6, 519. 8, 110 188. 13, 1. 14, 3 234. 15, 59 ipsis2, 31. 3, 146. 5, 135. 6, 523. 10, 7 146 347. 11, 71 202. 15, 100 ipsius 6, 530. 7, 239. 8, 262. 10, 285. 16, 58 ipso 1, 33. 14, 206 ipsorum 8, 138. 13, 105 138 ipsos 1, 100. 6, 347. 9, 26. 10, 305 ipsum 2, 147. 4, 23. 5, 6 56. 10, 182. 11, 9. 12, 40. 14, 167 ipsumque 6, 175, 8, 133 ira 1, 85. 6, 647. 13, 100 176. 15, 131 ira 1, 45. 14, 50 irse 1, 168. 8, 88. 13, 183. 15, 169 iram 6, 189 235 irasci 10, 360 irati 3, 299 iratis 1, 50 146 irato 13, 92 iratiis 10, 313. 13, 226 ire 3, 25 128,8,130.9,21. 14, 122 iret 12,14 irritamentum 11, 165 IsEco 3, 74 Isiacce 6, 489 Iside 12, 28 Isidis 6, 529. 9, 22 Isis 13, 93 isse 6, 40!) iHta 2, 75 136. 6, 191. 9, 74. 11, 166 istas I, 139 iste4, 67. 6, 409. 7, 36 iutic 3, 29 istis 14. 179 istos (i, 295 iHtro H, I 70 it 1, 145 ita2,3H. 5,59. 6,222. J 3, 91 Italiif 3, 171 Italiam 10, 154. 12, 78 ite 2, 89. 3, (i6. 12, 83 iter 7, 172. 10, 20 iterurn 3, 134. 4, 1. 7-, 95. 12, 25 Ithacum 10, 257. 14, 287 Ithacus 15, 26 itur 1, 89. 4, 65 jubeant 9, 144 jubeat 3, 129. 6, 98 275 jubebit 5, 143 159 jubentur 4, 144. 8, 65. 14, 108 jubeo 6, 223 juberet 2, 101. 15, 150 jubet 1, 99. 2, 7. 3, 196 284 290. 6, 330 417 420 517. 7, 102. 14, 31 212 306. 15, 134 jubetur 6, 340. 7, 41 jubis 6, 40 jufunda 4, 81 jucundam 7, 82 jucundis 10, 349 jucundius 13, 180 jucundum 5, 140 Jud.ta 6, 543 Judaii 6, 547 Juda'is 3, 14 Judaicum 14, 101 judex 16, 13 29 judice4, 12. 7, 13 117. 8, 188. 13, 3 judicet 13, 226 judicio 1, 48 judicis 2, 75 juiia3, 191. 8, 108 jugera 3, 142. 4, 7. 14, 163 jugeribus 2, 132, 9, 60 jugis 6, 649 jugo 8, 63 jugulare 15, 12 jugulata 12, 127 jugulo 8, 218 jugulos 4, 110 juguin 6, 208. 9, 57. 10, 135. 14, 22 Iiili 8, 42 .Julia 2, 32 37. 6, 38 Julius 2, 70 lulo 12, 70 juinenta 3, 316. 4, 5. 7, IKO. 9, 103. 14, 147 juincntiH K, 154 uinento 14, 77 uiicta 6, 4'8. 11, 116. 13, 41 114 jura 2, 43 51 72. 9, 87. 15, 135 jurante 2, 98 jurare 6, 16 jurat 8, 156. 13, 78 jurato 5, 5 jure 2, 34. 11, 23. 13, 201 202. 14, 8 jures 3, 144 jurgia 5, 26. 6, 268. 16, 51 juris 2, 139. 6, 217. 8, 50 jurisque 1, 128 jus 1, 56. 10, 87 101. 14, 101. 16,51 jussa est 3, 15 jus.sae 11, 104 jussas 3, 65 jusseris 3, 78 jusserit 6, 626 jussit 6, 37 622. 10, 275 jussos 6, 371 jussuque 10, 15 JU.SSUS 5, 12. 8, 210. 14, 331 justa 6, 94. 9, 90 justse 16, 19 justi 10,274 justi.s 8, 267 justissima 16, 17 justitia 4, 81 justitiseque 8, 25 justo 8, 92 juvabit 3, 211 juvaiit 11, 10 juvat 14, 4 juvencain 6, 48 juvencuni 8, 155 juvene 4, 95 juvenem 6, 330. 8, 71. 14, 191 251 juvenes 2, 50. 3, 158 twire. 7, 20 132. 8, 164 262. 11, 199. 14, 34 107 121 283 juvenesque 3, 158 "juveni I, 25. 7, 160. 10, 1(W 22(>. 14, 23 235 juvenilia 11,5 juvenis 6, 45. H, 51. 10, 310. 13, 55. 1 1, 7 jiiventH 6, 103 Mi'.) 4() VERBAL INDEX Inventus 2, 156. T, 213. 8, 114 juvenuni 10, 19(> JuvtMn;i> -2, I GO juxta 11, 201 Labe 14, (59 labellis 5, 128. 6, 276 labello 3, 185. 9, 35 Inbclluni 1, 160. 14, 326 laboni 2, 7S labente G, 203 labentibus 3, 194 labitur 15, 77 labor 6, 289. 7, 98 216. 8, 104. 14, 224. 16, 66 laboranti 6, 443 laborat 8, 239 labore 16, 62 laborem 7, 17 labores 6, 539. 9, 42. 10, 359 361. 14, 198 labori 16, 57 laboris 10, 139. 14, 164 laborum 3, 22 labra 3, 294. 6, 463 623. 10, 67 229. 13, 114 LabuUa 2, 68 labyrinth! 1, 53 Laced£emonimn 11, 173 lacerabant 15, 102 laceraret 4, 37 lacerat 6, 625 laceratis 6, 490 lacerna 3, 148 lacernii 10, 212 Lacernffi 7, 114 laceniasl,27. 9,28. 16,45 lacernatff 1, 62 lacernis 14, 287 lacerta 14, 76 lacertae 3, 231 lacerti 14, l3l lacerti.s 10, 11. 16, 63 lacerto 6, 106 lacessit 6, 248 Lachesi 3, 27 Lachesis 9, 136 lacrumEB 1 , 168. 6, 539. 16, 27 Iacruma-J3, 101.5, 159. 10, 52 261. 15, 133 lacrumis 6, 273. 13, 134 lacte 6, 468 lactis 11, 68. 13, 70 lacunar 1, 56 lacus 4, 60. 6, 603 Ladas 13, 97 laedant 3, 272 Liplins 14, 195 Irena 3, 283 la-nfi 6, 131 Irenani 7, 73 La'strifxonas 16, 18 hvta 6, 5/0. 12, 13 hi'tani 7, 83 k'tare 10, 310 Ifcti 16, 60 la?tis 10,98. 12, 73 Iffituin 13, 123. 15, 41 IcGtus 13, 248. 14, 23 lana 7, 159. 14, 297 lff!vaque 6, 561 la'vaque 6, 658 Isevo 14, 228 lasvum 4, 120. 6, 495 lagena 5, 29. 8, 163 lagenie 7, 121. 12, 60 lagenas 14, 271 Lagi 6, 83 lambenti 9, 5 lambentibus 8, 35 lambit 2, 49 Lamiarum 4, 154. 6,385 latnpade 6, 138 lampas 3, 286 lana 5, 26 lanam 2, 54. 7, 224 lanatas 8, 155 lanatis 15, 11 lance 6, 204 lancem 5, 80 lances 12, 43 lancibus 11, 18 langueutis II, 165 languida 1, 122 languorem 3, 233 lanifica; 12, Gd lanis 6, 497 lanistffiS, 158. 11,8 lanistis 6, 216 lanugo 13, 59 Laomedontiades 6, 326 lapidem 6, 577. 15, 66 lapides 13, 67 Lappa 7, 72 lapsum 15, 156 lapsus 3, 7 laqueo 7, 60 laqueos 10, 314 Uuiueum 10, 53. 13, 244 lardum 11, 84 larft 8, 14 laremque 6, 3 lares 8, 110. 9, 137. 12, 113 larga 10, 302 LuTgiP 14, 25 largiri 5, 110 largitur 7, 88 largns 10, 119 laribus 13, 233. 16, 163 laribusque 12, 89 laris 3, 110. 14, 20 lascivi 11, 98 lascivuni 6, 194 hussare 2, 92 lassata 6, 130 421 lassi 15, 167 lassique 1, 132 lassis 6, 484. 8, 154 lasso 7, 117. 8, 137 lassoque 14, 146 lassos 9, 66 lassus 8, 246 lata 6, 430. 9, 65 latil 14, 308 late 14, 245 latentis 9, 18 lateque 6, 92 Lateranorum 10, 17 latere 1 1 , 96 lateri 6, 37 lateris 6, 505. 13, 229 laternam 5, 88 latet 6, 237 Lattis2, 127. 11, 115 Latina 1, 171. 8, 256 LatinEB 6, 65 Latinas 6, 287 Latin«i 6, 188. 11, 148 Latini 6, 44 Latino 1, 36. 6, 637 Latio 12, 103 latis 1, 137. 4, 21 latissima 12, 59 latins 14, 234 lato 10, 27 Latona 10, 292 LatoniE 6, 176 latos 11, 122 latratihus 6, 416 latravit 10, 272 latrone 10, 22 latronem 13, 146 latum I, 157. 6, 482 laturos 6, 605 latus 3, 131. 6, 650. 7, 109. 8, 117. 11,142. 12, 31. 14, 289 lavantnr 2, 152 lavari 6, 447. 7, 130 lavat 3, 262 laviitur 6, 90 laudabat 4, 121 huidabiie 11, 22 laudamus 8, 68 laudant 14, 182 laudare 3, 42 92 106. 7,31 laudas 10, 28 Iaudat3, 86. 6,435. 13,82 TO JUVENAL. 47 inudatiir I, 74. 4, 71. 5, 42. 14, 111 laude 8, 74 laudent 11, 58 laudet 14, 154 laudibus 6, 182 laudis 8, 76. 10, 143 laudo 3, 2. 4, 18. 12, 121 lavet 14, 62 Lavino 12, 71 Laurent! 1, 107 Laureolum 8, 187 lauro 6, 79. 8, 253 Lauronia 2, 36 65 lauros 10, 6.5 laurumque 7, 19 launis 2, 158 lauti 14, 257 lautissima 7, 175. 11, 140 lautissimus 3, 221 lauto 14, 13 lautorum 7, 177 lautum 1, 67 lautus 11,1 laxabant 8, 261 laxare 4, 67 laxet 6, 144 lecti 6, 226. 9, 78 lectica 1, 32 121. 3, 242. 10, 35 lecticas 6, 309 lectis 11, 96. 13, 136 lecto 2, 60, 5, 17. 6, 594. 7, 105 lectore 1, 13 lectulus 9, 77 lectum 6, 21 lecture 6, 277 lectus 3, 203. 6, 268. 8, 177 Ledam 6, 63 legantur 11, 180 legat 7, 231 legatum 8, 172. 9, 62 88 lege 6, 453 legemque 6, 635 legenti 7, 104 legerat 7, 152. 11, 78 leges, noun, 2, 30 43 72. 7,229. H, 91, 11, 8. 14, 100 193 leget3, 241 legi 3, 155 legibus 10, 251. 16, 15 legio 2, 155 legione 3, 132 legione.H 10, 79. 14, 241 legioniliu.M 8, 255 jpgit II, 69. 13, 121 legitime 10, .338. 12, 100 legitiiiiis 6, 200 legitimum 9, 44 legum 4, 79. 6, 544. 8, 50 268. 14, 177 legumen 15, 174 lense 6, 489 Lenas 5, 98 leno 1, 55 lenone 6, 127 lenonibus 6, 216 lenonum 3, 156. 6, 320. 14, 46 lenta 13, 100 lentaque 16, 47 lento 6, 665 Lentule 6, 80 Lentulus 7,95. 8, 187. 10, 287 lentus 8, 248 leo8, 36. 14,247. 15, 161 leonem 7, 76 leoni 15, 160 Lepidi 6, 265 Lepidis 8, 9 leporem 5, 167. 14, 81 lepores 5, 124 lepus 11, 138 letale 15, 165 letifero 4, 56 leto 10, 119 levant 12, 53 levarit 14, 83 Leucade 8, 241 l6ve 7, 240 ieve 10, 199 levet 14, 236 levi 2, 12 lev-ia 8, 115 levibus 13, 182 levibus 6, 356. 8, 35 leviori 7, 77 levioribus 4, 11 levis 6, 507 levis 3, 111.9, 95 levium 13, 13 levius 2, 56 l('vius((ue 10, 344 lex 2, 37. 6, 38. 7, 102. 10, 315. 14, 324 libuat 1, 19. 10, 162 libulli 1, SO. 7, 107 libellis 13, 19 62 lib.'llo 14, 193 lib.-llos 3, 206. 6, 244. 7, 2(; libcntiii? 15, 88 iiber,W/VW. 5, 161. 9,121 libera 4, 90. H, 211 244 liberet 1, l.Vi libertas 2, 112. 3, 299. 6, 140 217. 8, 177 Hbertatc 7, 116. 8,263 libertatem 14, 230 libertatemque 14, 56 libertatisque 2, 77 libertinus 1, 102 liberto 2, 59 libertorumque 6, 28 libertos 7, 43 libertus 6, 146 ' libet 1, 63.2, 1. 7, 113. 8, 29.12,95. 14,142. 15,84 libidine 4, 3. 6, 135 318. 7,85 libidinis 6, 294. 11, 1?2 libido 2,14. 6,349.8, 135. 10, 208 libis 3, 187 Libitinam 12, 122 libitum 3, 159 libo 16, .39 libraria 6, 476 librarius 9, 109 libras 10, 147 librata 8, 204 libri 1, 5 libris 4, 16. 6,451. 9, 84 libro 6, 263 578. 8, 134 libros 3, 219 iibnim 3, 41 libuit5, 16 Liburno 3, 240. 4, 75 Liburnus 6, 477 Libya 11,25 Libya 5, 119 liceat 2, 135. 3, 301. 6, 456. 8, 235 licebit 11, 182 liceret 4, 85 licet, verb, 1, 162. 3, 92. 4, 34. 7, 124 146. 8, 131. 10, 304. 11, 194 205. 15, 13 licet, conJif»ction,l ,105. 2, 147.3,144.5,141.6, 140 209 283 580.8, 19 81 85 122. 10, 19 211 298. 13, 56. 14, 12 263 287 Licinis 1, 109 Lieinus 14, 306 lictore 8, 137 lictorem 3, 128 ligni 13, 137. 16, 41 ligno 12, 68 ligiiorum 7, 24 lignum 11, 118 ligonem 11, 89 ligonis 7, 33 ligulas 6, 20 Ligustioa 3, 257 limen 1, 100. 2, 88. 6,47. II, 18H liniiiia 6, 52. 14, 44 220 48 VERBAL INDKX limine 1, »(!. 3, 124. (i, 2-2f<. 10, 2i>. 15, lot liniite 1(1, Hii*. Ki, 38 liiia r>, 102 liiifruii 0, 120 lingua- 7, H5) linpuam 8, fiS. 0, 12;J linguiis J), 119 Unguis 12, 83 liiiigt-ro (>, 533 ]ini((ue 4, 45 Unit , 4?6 Maroni 7, 227 Maron is II, ITS niaira^ 3, 311 marris 15, 1()7 Mars 6, 59. 14, 261 Marsos 3, 1(59 Marsus 14, 180 Marsja 9, 2 Marti 16, 5 Marti que 2, 31 Martis 1, 8. 9, 101. 10,83 314. 13, 79 massa 6, 421 Massa 1, 35 massfe 10, 130 mater 3, 212. 6, 167 239. 10, 195 232 290 materia 11, 133. 14, 17 materia- 1, 151 materiam 3, 147. 10, 47 materiamque 7, 21 raaterno 6, 631 matemos 14, 26 mathematicis 14, 248 mathematicus 6, 562 Matho 7, 129. II, 34 Mathonis 1 , 32 matre 7, 196. 9, 61 matrem 6, 173. 7, 146. 11, 152 matri 14, 28 matribus 11,71 matris 3, 176. 6, 565. 9, 23. 11, 18. 12, 8 matrisque 6, 512 matrona 1, 69. 3, 110. 6, 49 250 448 497 matronse 10, 319 matronis 8, 267 matura6,369, 14,83 maturffi 14, 216 maturius 1 1 , 88 maturus 8, 169. 12, 7 matutinis 12, 92 matutino 4, 108. 6, 523 mavis 10, 99 Maura 6, 307. 10, 224 Maura 12, 4 Maurse 6.308 Mauri 5, 53. 6, 337. 11,125 Mauro 10, 148. II, 125 Maurorum 14, 196 Maurus 3, 79 maxima 5, 6<) 99. 6, 155. 8, 112. 10, 24. 12, 52. 14, 47 maximus 3, 310. 7, 193 iiioiiia 8, 217 media ), 157. 10, 156. 11, 112. 14, 190 meditp 5, 106.7, 222 mediam 2, 144. 5, 54 102. 6, 46 modi.imque 3, 219. 11,112 medias 4, 138 medieamen 14, 254 medicamina (!, 595 661 medicaminibus 6, 472 inedicatom 12. 36 mediei 6, 46 medicis 6, 370 389. 13, 124 medico 2, 13. 16, 12 medicus 3, 77 mediis 3, 80. 6, 302 mediisque 6, 108 medio 1,63.6, 446.9, 106. 10, 37. 12, 77. 13, 10. 14, 129. 16,38 medioeri 13, 143 mediocribus 11, 175 mediocris 6, 582. 13, 7 meditataque 6, 539 meditatur 7, 128 meditatus 4, 1 12 inediumque 10, 53 medius 12, 30 Medo 10, 177 Medos 7, 132 medullas 14, 215 MedulHnse 6, 322 meduUis 8, 90 Megalesia 6, 69 Megalesiacse 11, 191 mejere 1. 131 meis 3, 28 Menalippes 8, 229 Meleagri 5, 115 melior 1, 71. 3, 93 104. 4, 104. 5, 133 158. 6, 350. 14, 143 melioraS, 220. 12, 64 raeliore3,82. 14,35 95 158 meliorem 14, 212 melius 2, 139. 6, 34. 10, 344. 13, 18 215 melius 2, 56. 7, 124. 14,6. 15, 106 meliusne 9, 60 meliusque 11,12 mellis 6, 181 membra 2, 11.3, 2.59. 10, * 198. 11, 5. 13,218. 15, 102 membrana 7, 23 membrorum 10, 223 memento 5,71. 6, 572.9,93 meminit 11, 81 Memnone 15, 5 iiiemor 3, 318 memorabile 2, 113 memoranda 2, 102 minioraret 4, 129 niemori 1 1, 28 Meinphitido 15, 122 inendaeia 7,111 mendax 10, 174. 15, 16 meiidicaret 4, 117 raendicat 3, 16. 6, 543. 11, 43 mendicatus 10, 277 Menoeeeus 14, 240 mens 1,166.5, 1. 10, 356. 13. 194 203 mensa 6, 305. 8, 178. 15, 12 mensa 1, 138 mensa; 2, 110. 6, 630. 8, 104. 13,211 mensam 5, 145 mensamque 3, 169 niensas 1, 76. 5, 4. 11, 117 mense 3, 9. 6, 153 406. 9,68 menses 5, 19 mensis, 7iominatire,G,r)'Jl mensis,ai/«M4,182. 15,42 mensura 4, 72. 9, 34. 10, 98. 11, 35. 14,93 316 mensura 10, 101 mensuram 1, 41 mente 15, 130 mentem 6, 531 611. 13, 220 mentes 14, 284 mentibus 6, 317 mentioS, 114. 6, .508. 11, 184 mentiri 3, 41 mentis 7, 66. 14, 175 226 mentita 6, 123 Mentore 8, 104 mera 6, 187 mercaris 14, 143 mereator 6, 153. 14, 269 mereatoremque 13, 164 merce 4, 33 mercede 14, 273 mereedem 1,42. 3, 15.5, 13. 7, 149 157 158 mercedes 8, 246 merces 7, 175 228. 14, 164 mercibus 14, 288 mercis 14, 201 merentem 16, 65 merentur 1, 37 TO JUVENAL. 51 mereris 8, 26 meretrix 6, 1 18 meretur 6, 532 mergat 13, 8 mergatur 8, 86 mergere 14, 9 mergetur 6, 523 mergit 10, 57 meri 6, 319 meritis 14, 163 merito 2, 34, 3, 221. 8, 114. 10, 208. 15, 24 men tori a 3, 234 meritum 3, 127.9, 82. 12, 124 mero, substantive, 3, 283. 6, 303. 12, 8. 15, 48 mero, adjective, 6, 159 Meroe 6, 528. 13, 163 mersa 14,391 mersis 11,40 meruisse b, 226 meruit 6, 219. 7, 216. 8, 260 Messalinae 10, 333 messetn 7, 112 messoribus 8, 117 raetallo 13, 30 metarum 6, 583 Metelli 6, 265. 15, 109 metiris 9, 71 merisque, noun, 14, 232 merit 3, 186 metitur 6, 358 metretam 3, 246 metu 13, 204 metuam 5, 5 metuas 3, 302 metuenda 1 1 , 45 75 metuens 7, 210. 13, 90 meruensque 5, 154 metuentem 14, 96 metues 8, 38 metuet 10, 312 metuique, iiijiuitive, 6, 517 metuque 14, 303 metiLS 3, 198. 14, 178 metuunt 14, 101 Micipsarum 5, 89 micturiente 16, 46 micturiunt 6, 309 migra 6, 171 migrare 11,51. 15, 151 migraret 7, 7 migrfistie 3, 163 miles 8, 79. 10, 18 267. 11, 102. 16, 16 MiietoM 6, 296 milite2, 155. 16, 18 militi^l 10, 9 militibus 16, 51 militise 7, 88. 16, 2 63 militis 3, 248 mille 3, 8. 7, 39. 12, 46 122. 14, 12 274. 16, 43 44 millesina 7, 100 milllia 2, 151. 9, 140. 15, 61. 16, 25 millibus 4, 15. 5, 60 Miloni 2, 26 milvos 9, 55 mimum 6, 608. 13, 110 mimus 5, 157. 8, 198 minaci 10, 52 minantur 3, 256 minatur 7, 127. 14, 294 Minervse 13, 82 Minenram 3, 139 219. 10, 116 minetur 6, 569 minima 6, 91 minima 2, 161 minimam 13, 13 mini mas 14, 124 minimasque 5, 144 minime 4, 8 minimis 11, 36 minimisque 6, 349 minimo 5, 123 minimoque 1, 14 minimum 6, 269. 15, 24. 16, 8 minimumque 6, 135 minimus 10, 217. 13, 179 minister 5, 63 ministri 5,83. 11, 161 ministro2,98. 3,46. 12,14 minor 3, 23 125 160 203. 4, 41. 5, 168. 6, 504 646. 7, 72. 11, 61. 13, 150. 14, 165. 15, 140 minora 10, 101 minoreni 4, 61. 8, 4. 12, 56 minores 1, 148.6,145 499. 8, 234 minori 6, 513. 13, 48 minoribus 2, 146. 14, 189 minoris 4, 25. 7, 187 Miiiturnaruinque 10, 276 minu.s 7, 217 miniis 2, 71. 5, 157. 6,210 620. 9, 45. 10, 327. 14, 140 minutal 14, 129 minutas 14, 291 niinuti 13, 1H9 rninutd 6, 646. 9, 137 minxit 3, 107 mini 8, 19H inirubanlur 10, 127 mirabere 12, 7,8 mirabile 12, 73 mirabilis 3, 98 miranda 7, 200. 15, 27 mirandis 13, 65 mirandum 10, 32. 12, 124 mirandusque 10, 161 mirante 2, 67 mirantis 12, 16 miraretur 8, 264 mirari 11, 100 miratrix 4, 62 miratur 3, 90. 4, 102. 13, 162. 14, 120 mire 14, 24 miremur 8, 68 miretur 14, 195 miris 13, 70 jMirmillonem 6, 81 Mirmillonis 8, 200 misce 14, 322 misceat 2, 25 miscellanea 11, 20 miscere 5, 61 miscet 1 , 70 miseuit8,220. 10, 163. 14, 174 misellus 13, 213 miser 4, 23. 7, 27 117. 9, 45. 10, 332. 13, 112. 14, 64 misera 14, 304' miserabile 3, 166 276. 6, 65. 9, 147. 10, 209. 15, 97 miserabilior 9, 6 miserabilis 2, 18. 12, 67 miserte 3, 288. 4, 74 miseraeque 9, 127 miseram 8, IS. 9, 113 miserantibus 15, 101 misereres, 89. 12, 25 miseri 2, 159.6, 424 463 miseris 1, 134. 8, 122 misero 4, 99. 5, 87. 10, 200. 14, 246 rniseros 7, 154. 10, 296 miserrimus 11,12 miserum 3, 6. 7, 161. 8, m. 13, 48 161 misit 2, 148. 4, 20. 5, 92. 10, 132 missis 6, 233 misso 4, 144 missum 13, 230 missurus 5, 32 missus 1 1, 63 mite 4, 82. 13, 184 mitem 14, 16 Mithridatcs 14, 262 mitior 6, 4 86 52 VERBAL INDEX niitius 10, 183 niitra ;{, (JG mittns 5, 119. 8, 180. S), 50 70 inittat 7, 74 initto 8. 171 172 niittehantur 5, 108 niitteiitur 2, \{\i). 14, 147 mittere 12, 43. 13, 114 mitti (5, .5li3 niittit 3, 45. 11, 124 mittitis 6, 4G6 tnixtos 6, 625 mobilis 13, 236 moderautem 10, 128 modesto 10, 300 modi 7, 100 Modiain 3, 130 modica 12, 66 modica? 4, 30 Eiodieam 13, 143 modicis 5, 108. 14, 15 modico 9, 9. 10, 289 modio 14, 126 modis 6, 406. 7, 19. 9, 73 modiura 3, 220 modo 2, 73 135 160. 3, 2.-)4. 4, 77. 5, 51. 6, 195 275. 7, 152 195. 8, 99 125 237. 9, 66 124. 13, 73. 14, 86 117 298. 15, 98 119 modum 6, 359 modumque 8, 88 modus 3, 310. 14, 172 moecha 2, 68 moech.-E 6, 278 moechi 1, 55 moechis 6, 465 mcechorum 6, 42 moechos 2, 27. 6, 24. 10, 220 317. 14, 26 moechum 6, 100 464. 14, 30 moBchus 9, 25 moenia 6, 83. 15, 28 mwrore 10, 245 Mcesorum 9, 143 moesta 2, 109 moestara 11, 197 moestitia 1 1, 53 molam 8, 67 molares 13, 212 molari 5, 160 mole 12, 12 molem 16, 26 moles 12, 75 molest a 8, 235 moUe I, 69 molles 1, 104. 2, 47. 3, 202. 6, 01 300. 12, 85 molli 3, 99. 6, 63 moUia 1, 83. 6,366 514 moUior 2, 165. 8, 16. 11, (Hi moUique 5, 70 mollis 9, 38 mollissiina 15, 131 moUius 6, 198 :\lolosso 1-2, 108 IMolossos 14, 162 momordit 7, 19 moneant 8, 91 moneatis 6, 346 monent 15, 107 raoneo 6, 629 moneri 6, 530 inoneta 7, 55 monilia 2, 85 rnotiimenta .5, 5.5 monitis 1-1, 210 moiiitu 14, 228 mon.« 6, 649 monstra, noun, 2, 122. 6, 286 645. 14, 283. 15, 172 monstrant 14, 3 208 monstrante 14, 10 monstrare 2, 42. 7, 66. 8, 45. 14, 103 monstrat 10, 48 moi/strata 14, 37 moustratos 6, 261 monstratur 6, 60 monstris 6, 647 monstro, ye>'A, 10,368. 14, 256 monstrum 2, 143. 4, 2 45 115. 9, 38. 13, 65. 15, 121 montana 6, 5 montaai 1 1 , 68 Montani 4, 107 montanum 2, 74 Mod tan u? 4, 131 inonte 6, 344. 8, 246. 11, 89 montem 1, 82. 3, 258. 5, 77. 10, 1.53. 14, 144 montes 9, 54 montibus 5, 33. 6, 58 637. 7,211. 11, 25 159. 12, 129. 14, 88 moiiui 8, 39 monuit 11, 1 14 Moiiychu-* 1,11 mora 2, 167. 6, 333. 10, 340. 12, 111 twice mora 6, 238 327. 16, 44 morantu 1 1 64 moraris 1, 125. 14, 250 267 moratam 6, 1 morbi 3, 236 inorbi.s 14, 156 morbo2,60.9, 49. 13,212 morhdruin 10, 219 inorhum 2, 17. 13, 230 inordoat 6, 632 moiileiite 9, 10 mordere 5, 11. 11, 67. 16, 87 mordet 6, 302 mordetur 3, 91 more 2, 87 116. 3, 261. 8, 156. 13, 38. 16, 15 mores 2, 170. 3, 63. 4, 82. 6, 84 240 298. 7, 237. 10,298 323. 11, 92. 13, 159 239. 14, 15 moriaris 14, 137 morihus 1, 147. 2, 2 39.3, 140. 6, 45. 8, 21. 11, 57. 13, 204. 14, 74 323 morieris 14, 249 moris 11, 83 moritur 3, 232 moriuntur 2, 140 moror 3, 183 mors 4, 95. 10, 172 morsu 4, 142. 15, 9 morsum 5, 69 morsuque 14, 297 mortalis 13, 76 mortaria 7, 170 morte 6, 221 654. 8, 85. 10, 113. 11, 45. 12, 68. 13, 54 mortem 8, 196. 10, 248 mortes 1, 144 mortifera 9, 95. 10, 10 mortifera 14, 221 mortifero 4, 1 13 mortis 10,357 mortuus 3, 172. 15, 79 morum 4, 12. 14, 52 mos 6, 392. 10,212 Moses 14, 102 motiP 10, 21 motus 3, 42 moveat 10, 202. 13, 35 raovebant 8, 12 movebit 6, 257 movebunt 7, 171 movemus 2, 52 movendus 3, 226 moventur 6, 311 moverat 10, 29. 15, 16 moreri 6, 419. 13, 87 moverit 6, 243 moves 13, 114 movet 6, 71.8, 203, 14, 5 movetur 11, 168 TO JUVENAL. 53 movisse 6, 638 mox 3, 247 280. 5, 26. 6, 23 127 224. 9, 39. 10, 319. 11, 168. 12, 20 60. 13, 169. 14,99 125 161 mucida 5, 68. 14, 128 Mucius 1, 154. 8, 264 mucronem 14, 217 mugilis 10, 317 mugire 14, 286 mugitum 1, 53 mulae 7, 181. 13, 66 mulier 2, 123. 3, 95. 6, 252 440 457. 10, 328 mulino 16, 23 mulio 3, 317 mulloruinque 6, 40 mullum 4, 15. 11, 37 muUus 5, 92 multa2, 59. 7, 101. 8, 7 multicia 2, 66 76. 11, 186 multis 10, 9 multo 4, 47. 13, 196 multorum 6, 126 multum 3, 285. 10, 3. 12, 46 66 multus 8, 104 mundae 7, 181 mundi 10, 169. 12, 48. 15, 147 mundique 6, 586 mandum 13, 87 munera 3, 36, 9, 53. 10, 358 munere 1,35.2, 148. 4, 18 muneribus 10, 306 TOunicipalis 3, 34. 8, 238 municipes 4, 33. 14, 271 munimenta 9, 29 muniret 8, 248 munitatn 10, 171 munus 14, 183 munuscula 6, 36 muraena 5, 99 mureiJ 3, 207 murmura 6, 539. 10, 89 inurmure 5, 67. 10, 290. 13, 224 muro 4, 132 inuro.s 8, 240 murrhina 6, 156. 7, 133 mus 6, 339 Musarum 7, 37 inu.ftacfa 6, 202 mufiUi 9, 53 mustum 10, 250 muta H, 56 mutandum 6, 94 mutare 8, 65. 14, 55 matari 13, 240 mutatis 6, 471 mutorum 15, 143 mutuus 15, 149 Mj'cale 5, 141 Myceni.s 12, 127 Myconis 8, 102 N. Nabathaeo 11, 126 Naevole 9, 1 91 nanum 8, 32 Narcissi 14,329 narcsque 14, 194 naribus 6, 108 narrare 12, 82 uarraret 15, 14 iiarrasse 1 1, 202 narrat 6, 412 narrate 4, 35 narratur 2, 164 nascenti 12, 9 nasci 10, 50 naseitur 9, 83 nascuntur 14, 242. 15, 10 nasi 10, 199 naso 1, 57. 6, 148 nasoque 8, 5 nasorum 5, 47 nassae 12, 123 nasus 6, 495. 15, 55 nata 4, 140 natce 15, 68 nataii 12, 1 natalibus 5, 37. 6, 323. 8, 231 natalis 9, 51 natalitium 1 1, 84 natam 10, 122 natantem 10, 257 natantes 14, 8 nalaret 11, 94 natas 11, 117 natat 4, 65 natavit. 8, 265 nat«s6, 612 nati 3, 166. 6, 12. 13, 84 142 natio 3, 100 nafiH 9, 11 natii^que 10, 201 natorum 6, 175. 10, 241 natos 6, 86 627 Natta 8, 95 natum 1, 141 natura 1, 79. 2, 140. 10, 152 270 .'101 303. 12, 41 79. 13, 30 166 2.36 239. 14, 31 321. 15, 132 ratur'i 13,88 natnrffi 3, 123. 10, 359. 15, 138 natus 1, 104. 3, 80. 8, 14 259. 13, 17 nave 9, 149. 10, 185 navem 12, 56. 14, 288 naufragium 12, 22 naufrasus 14, 301 iiavibus8, 106. 9, 132 navigio 1, 82 navim 6, 98 naulum 8, 97 nauseat 6, 433 naiita; 12, 82 nautas 6, 101 nautis 6, 154. 8, 174 ne 2, 42 nebula 10, 4 nebuloiie 14, 9 neeandos 6, 596 necari 13, 176 necat 10, 316 necesse 3, 290 nectare 13, 44 necte 6, 51 neetit 7, 18 uefanda 15, 165 nefandfe 13, 17-1 nefandi 15, 1 16 nefa.s2, 127. 8, 41 83. 13, 54 238. 14, 188.15,913 negabit 14, 134 negat 1, 79. 3, 208 negaverit 10, 321 negavit 3, 168 negem 1, 105 neget 10, 87. 13, 77 neglecta 9, 15 neglecturn 5, 16 negligis 2, 132 negligit 9, 92 negotia 11, 181. 14,264 nemo 2, 83. 4, 8. 6,562.7, 223. 13,3 76. 14, 233 nemore 15, 152 161 nemoro.sa 3, 191 nemorum 4, 6 nempe 3, 95. 8, 57 164 180. 10, 110 160 185 326. 13, 166 181 nemus 3, 13 nepotes 2, 128. 8, 67 neptes 6, 265 Ne])tunL" 13,81 Neptuni 13, 152 nequam 6, 197 ncque 1. 89. 3, 79 110. 4, 41. 14, 127 nequeo 3, 42. 7, 56 nequpunt 2, 1.38 neqnirqiiam 8, 205 54 VKKHAL INDEX nequitia- 14, 216 Nero 8, 223. 10, 308. 12, 129 NeroneS, 72 193 Neronem 8, 1/0 Noroni 4, 38. 8, 212 Neroiiis 4, 137.6,615.10, 15 nervi 9, 34 nervus 10, 205 neseia 13, 240 nesciat 10, 360 iiescierint 15, 168 nescio 1, 130. 3, 41. 11, 48. 16, 30 nescire 6, 188. 7, 97 nescis 3, 200. 5, 159. 13, 33 nescit 5, 60. G, 247 301. 12, 28. 14, 231. 15, 1 nesclus 1 1, 100 Nestora 12, 128 Nestoris 6, 326 neu 14, 203 ni 3, 321. 9, 71. 10, 155 339 niceteria 3, 68 nido I, 116.5, 143 nidore 5, 162 nidos 14, 80 nigra 3, 30. 13, 45. 14, 294 nigra 10, 245 nigrce 7, 192 nigram 16, 11 nigras 2, 150 nigri 5, 53. 13, 246 nigro 6, 370. 7, 227. 15. 49 nigroque 6, 165 nigros 1, 72 nigrum 6, 120 nigrumque 6, 243 nihil 3, 84 109 112 209.4, 70 99. 5, 6. 6, 213 ftvice 284 331 460. 7, 71. 8, 75. 10, 155 360. 13, 18 227. 15, 88 nihilo 5, 134 nil 1, 14/. 2, 139. 3, 51 twicf- 152 208 295. 4, 22. 6, 148.6,68 86 173 212 222 234 324 457 twice. 7, 54 IGO 206. 8, 52 64. 9,34. 10, 71 72 82 346. 11, 121 /wicc.14, 44 97 186 294 twice 313. 15, 118. 16, 12 Nili 13, 27 Niliacae 1, 26 Nilo 15, 123 Niloque 10, 149 Niliim 6, 83 iiiiuhis 1, 81 niinbo 5, 79 nimbos 7, 163 iiimboso 4, 87 iiimia 12, 97 niinia 10, 12. 15, 77 niniiirqiiu 1 1, 194 niinia.s 10, 105 niinio 10, 252 nimios 10, 104. 11, 127. 13, 11 nimirum 2, 104 7, 78. 10, 248. 14, 54 Niobe 6, 177 Niphatem 6, 409 nisi 2, 152. 3, 49 172. 6, 186 250 518 581. 7, 87 140. 8, 63 57 199. 10, 338. 11, 122. 14, 103 nitent 12, 91 nitentia 12, 88 nitet 7, 181. 15,4 niti'las 14, GO nitidi 3, 157 nitidique 11, 176 nitidis 14, 2 nitidos 6, 8 nitor 3, 180.9, 13 niveam 12, 3 niveique 7, 221 nivcmque 10, 152 niveos 10, 45 niveus 5, 70 nobile 1 1 , 95 nobilior G, 176 nobilisG, 81. 7,191.8, 41 49 60 199 253. 15, 113 nobilitas 8, 20 1.39 nobilitate 1, 34. 4, 97 nobiliuin 7, 91 nobis 2, 121. 3, 92 126 243. 6, 147. 8, 71. 9, 115. 10, 348. 11, 131. 14, 40 187. 16, 149 nobiscum 1, 101 nocens 6, G20. 13, 3 nocenteru 6, 647 nocentes 13, 101 nocentibus 13, 234 nocet 10, 324. 14, 153 nocitura 10, 8 twice nocte 2, 161. 3, 105 127 198 275.6, 204 419 420 476 531. 7, 61. 8, 149. 9, 7G. 10, 20 235. 11, 112 185. 13. 198 217. 14, 146 190 296. 15, 43 noctem 3, 279. 5, 54 noctesque 4, 137 noctibus 1,38.6,302 309 noctis 3, 268. 7, 222 noctu 6,35 605. 14, 306 noctunia 8, 233 nocturnw 3, 12 nocturiios G, 118 nocturnus 8, 144 nocuit 5, 154. 13, 227 nodos 8, 60 nodosam 8, 247 nodus 6, 1G5 nolentem 9, 113 nolenti 15, 123 nolet 6, 213 noli 1, 126. G, 378 nolis 6, 64 nolit 6, 24 nollet 6, 254. 13, 187 nolo 8, 275 noluerim 8, 75 nolunt 10, 96 nomen I, 153. 6, 46. 7, 9 110 234. 8, 36 273. 11, 22. 12, 72. 13, 30 nomina 6, 127. 6,604. 8, 132 255. 10, 219 234 nomine 1, 98. 8, 31 nominis G, 385. 8,241. 13, 248 non 1, 30 51 52 93 131 163. 2, 8 26 36. 3, 6 48 60110 twice. 6,3Qotwice. 7. 14. 8, 43. 9, 6 8 24. 10, 6 40 16'k thrice, &c. nona 13, 28 nondum 1, 114.2, 1.52.6, 1, 6, 16 16. 13, 49. 14, 11 215 249 327. 15, 24 nonne 1, 63.2, 34.3, 249. 6,34 norunt 3, 46 nos 1, \5 twice 112 159.2, 51. 3, 75 159 163. 5, 168. 8, 163. 9, 5. 13, 13 &c. noscenda 11, 35 nosse 7, 157. 13, 196 noster 11, 143. 13, 244 nostra 3, 84. 6, 254. 7, 171.10,26. 11,177 203. 14, .39 91 nostra 6, 25. 14, 16 nostraque 11, 117 nostras 9, 94 nostrasque 15, 1 10 nostri 1, 86.3, 318. 8, 44. 11, 77. 15, 133 nostrique 9, 137 nostris 1, 147. 3, .58. 6, 188, 12, 108. 14, 123. 16, 1.53 TO JUVENAL. 55 nostro2,48.4, 115. 12,29 103. 15, 31 68 nostrorum 3, 145 nostros 10, 273 nostrum 5, 94. 12, 89 nota. participle, 1, 7. 6, 313. 10, 341. 14,248 nota 1, 123 notabilis 6, 374 notse 6, 308 notseque 3, 35 notavi 15, 45 notemus 16, 35 notet 9, 142 notior 9, 25 uotique 7, 3 notissiraa 2, 10. 10, 23 notissimus 6, 42 156 notos 11, 153 notum 2, 58. 3, 174. 10, 353 nova 1, 32 145. 2, 120. 3, 26 nova 11, 85 novalia 14, 148 novas 14, 95 noverat 4, 136 novercje 6, 403. 7, 234 novercali 12, 71 noverit 7, 231 noverunt 6, 337 no^n 5, 6 novicius 3, 265 novimus 2, 52 novis 2, 102 novisse 5, 75 novissima 6, 35G novissimus 11, 42 novit 3, 77. 6, 402. 11, 143 Noviura 1-2, 111 novo 6, 1 1 novorum 7, 189 novum 10, 260 novus 8, 237 nubat 6, 591 nube2, 61. 12, 19 nubemque 13, 167 nubentibus 2, 137 nubere 10, 330 338 nubes 13,42. 14, 97 292 nubilif 12, 118 nubit 2, 134 nuccm 11, 119 nuces 5, 144 nuda 3, 216. 6, 122 491 575. 7, .35. 16, 54 nuda 1 , 23 65 nudam II, 1 06 nudas 1 , 84 nudi 6, 2.32. 14, 308 nudis 1, 43. 6, 606 nudisque 6, 491 nudo 4, 49. 7, 16. 11, 43 96 nudum 3, 210. 8, 205. 9, 35. 11, 170 nudus 2, 71- 4, 100. 6, 163 nugas 11, 169 nugis 4, 150 nulla 2, 8. 3, 22 197. 5, 8. 6, 36 180 201 221 242 333 357 508 580. 7, 30 187. 8, 64. 10, 25. 11, 120 131, 12, 98 111 twice. 13, 42. 14, 120 2.56 257. 15, 60 nulla 4, 2. 10, 110 nullam6, 208. 12,32. 14, 19 nulldne 6, 161. 13, 174 nullas 1, 114 nulli 1, 7 163. 3, 47 197. 4, 139. 6, 630. 10, 77. 12, 106. 15, 55 nullis 6, 506 589. 8, 219. 11, 64, 13, 181. 14, 165 nullius 6, 379 nullo 2, 90. 3, 28 94. 4, 152. 8, 54 193. 11, 116. 13, 30 87. 15, 26 nullos 6, 13 nullum 1, 56. 3, 278. 6, 294 547. 8, 128. 9, 27 82 twice. 10, 365. 12, 21. 13, 118 126. 14,315 nuUus 1, 139. 2, 110. 3, 22. 5, 138. 6, 33 656. 7, 8. 9, 13. 10,306. 14, 224. 15, 31 JS'uma3, 12 138 NumcG 6, 343. 8, 156 Numantinos 8, 11 numen 3, 19. 10, 365. 13, 37 102. 14, 97 315 numera 9, 41 * numerante 6, 382 numeraie 16, 1 numeras 6, 169 numerata 14, 133 iMimorentur 9, 42 numeres H, 131 numeret 5, 41 rmtneris (!, 576 nuinero 6, 3H5. 13, 26 nuineros 6, 249 numenwa 7, 161. 10, 105 iiuincruin 9, 90 numer\iH 2, 46. 6, 229. 7, 102 numi 5, 136. 13, 131. 14, 139 260 Numidarum 7, 182 Numidas 4, 100 numina 6, 563. 14, 182. 15, 11 36 numine 13, 231 numinibus 10, 111 347. 13, 48 numinis 3, 138, 6,342. 13, 202 219 numis 1, 48. 11, 19 Xumitor 7, 74. 8, 93 numorum 1, 114. 3, 143. 8, 101 numos 6, 646. 7, 140. 8, 130. 10,319. 13, 25 94. 16, 40 numquam 3, 44 121. 4, 80 114. 5, 32. 6, 601. 8, 183 220 252. 9, 100 130. 10, 6S 181 314. 11, 15. 12, 74. 14, 26 224 321, 15, 34 numquaimie 1, 1 numquid 2, 51. 11, 56 numus 6, 364 nunc 1, 39 95. 2, 37 162. 3, 13 49 56 58 225 268. 4, 11.5, 113 141. 6,292 345 393 659. 7, 36 140. 8,108. 9,12 125, 10,43 79 210 225 310. 11, 64 79 181, 12, 48 57. 13, 60 140. 14, 29 87 88 172 189 250. 15, 70 97 110 172. 16,35 nuntiet 10, 216 nuper 1,111. 2, 29. 4, 9. 8,120.9,22. 12,16, 15, 27 nup.sit 6, 141 nupta 2, 120. 6, 82 269 nupta? 11, 201 nuptam 3, 45 Nursia 10, 74 nurum 14, 220 nurus 1, 77 nusquara 3, 126. 6, 8, 8, 1.52 nutaiit 3, 256 nurantcm 15, 156 imtantia 2, 125 nutare 6, 41 1 nutricem 6, 354. 7, 234 nutricis (!, 59.3 nutricula 7, 148 nutrit 14, 76 nutrita 3, 85 nutrituH 3, 117. 12, 12 Nysfpqup 7, 61 6(i VERBAL INDEX o O Corydon 9, 102 o (lemens G, 222 o feirea 7, 150 o fortunatani 10, 122 o priori a 10, ISO o Lyhie 5, 119 o medici (>, 46 o numi f), 136 o pater 2, 126 o parvi 9, 13" proceres 2, 121 o pueri 14, 180 o qualis 10, 157 o quantus 6, 317 o sanctas gentes 15, 10 o vanissime 14, 211 ob 1-2, 15 obducfa 9, 2 obit 6, 559 obiter 3, 241. 6, 481 oblectant 14, 265 obliqua 2, 94 obliquas 3, 64 obliquo 7, 224 oblita 7, 100 oblivio 6, 613. 10, 204 obrepit 9, 129 obruit 10, 142 obruta 15, 6 obrutus 14, 297 obsecrna 6, 298 obscoeni.s 2, 9. 11, 172 obscanio 6, 513 obscuri 6, 145 obscurior 11, 125 obscurisque 6, 131 obsequere 10, 343 obseiTandisque 6, 536 observant 6, 159 observare 7, 241 observet 5, 41 obses 2, 166 obsidet 10, 17 obsidionis 15, 96 obstabit 3, 60 obstante 6, 213 obstantibus 1 1, 15 obstas 14, 250 obstat 3, 164 194 243. 6, 154 obstet 14, 49 obstitit 4, 62 obstricta 10, 88 obtritum 3, 260 obvia 6, 412 obvius 8, 1.59. 10. 83 occasio 13, 183. 15, 39 occidat 13. 158 ocpidere2, 104. 6,628. 10, 96. 14, .331 Occident 10, 221 occidissc 15, 170 occiditS, 116. 7, 154 occidunt 3, 37 occulta 8, 107 266. 9, 101 oeculti 6, 271. 7, 200 occultis 3, 50. 12, 42 occultum 13, 195 occultus 1 1, 68 occurras 1, 18. 9, 2 occurrent 6, 6.55 oceurrere 5, 54. 9, 44 occurrit 1, 69. 3, 215. 15, 139 occurrnnt 12, 77. 14, 292 occursn 6, 418 occursum 8, 152 occursus 8, 572. 10, 48 Oeearil 11, 94 113. 14, 283 Oceano 10, 149 Oceanum 2, 2 ocelli 6, 109 578 ocellos 6, 8 ocius6, 53 148 416. 7,24. 14, 252 ocreas 6, 258 octava 1, 49 Octavius 8, 242 oeto 6, 229. 7, 142 octogesima 4, 92 oetogesimus 9, 191 oculique 6, 145 oculis 6, 433. 8, 5. 10, 32 333. 11, 168. 14, 65 oeulo 6, 54 oculorum 15, 58 oculos 2, 95. 8, 150. 10, 228. 12, 96. 13, 133 144 oculosque 7, 241 oculuni 16, 12 oderat 4, 73 oderit 6, 183 oderuiit 6, 627 ' *di (), 451 odimus 3, 214 odio 10, 329 odit 6, 272 510. 7, 36. 8, 202. 9, 96. 10, 73. 15, 37 71 odium 1.5, 34 51 odor M, 204 odore 5, 150 odorem 6, 132 odoris 1 1 , 74 ORnophorum 6, 426. 7, 1 1 cestro 4, 123 ofellffi 11, 144 ciffam 16, 11 offiis 2, 33. 6, 4f2- offendere 16, 24 offeiiore 4, 105 oflicia 7, 107. 10, 45 officii 2, 134 officio 6, 203 officioruni 5, 13 officiuni2, 132. 3, 126 239. II, 114 Ogulnia 6, 352 olebit 5, 87 olei 7, 99 olentis 14, 269 olet 6, 431 olfecisse 7, 225 olidaS, 157 olido 11, 170 oliin 3, 163. 4, 96. 5, 110. 6, 42 90 157 281 346. 8, 98. 10, 78 142 163 173. 11, n. 14,180 226 olimque 9, 17 oliva 14, 144 olivc-E 13, 99 olla3 14, 171 oluscula 11, 79 Olvnthi 12, 47 Onibos 13, 35 omen 4, 125 omenta 13, 118 omne 1, 149. 3,260. 5, 93. 6, 23. 8, 122 140.9, 88. 10, 219 320. 11, 4. 15, 174. 16, 54 omnem 8, 132. 13, 204 omnes 1, 24. 2,44. 3, 183 308. 5, 169. 6, 151 197 249 336 450 592 606. 7, 70 157 231. 9, 106 132. 10, 47 &1. 12, 90. 13, 5 188. 14, 41 209. 15, 62 99. 16, 60 twice omnesque 16, 20 omni 1, 59. 3, 104. 4, 14. 6, 163. 8, 209 239 256. 10, 232 253 280 303. 11, 143. 13, 24. 14, 11 68 237 omnia 2, 4. 3, 38 77 96 183. 4, 79. 5, 58 123 1.58 170.6,166 187 324. 8, 70 97. 9, 12. 10, 79 124 191 265. 11, 14 110 176 190. 12,22 124. 13, 86 223. 14,63 127 262 330. 15,30 107 omnibus 2, 31 147.3, 148. 7, 101. 8, 256. 9, 42. 10, 1. 11, 26. 13, 166. 15, 75 omnique 11, 172 TO JUVENAL. 57 onrnis 3, 15 55 303. 6, 438. 7,57.8, 100. 11,3 136. 15, 11 onerosaqne 6, 236 onus 13, 8 opaci 3, 64 ope 14, 1S3 opera 12, 33 opera 8, 224 operffi pretium 9, 28. 12, 127. 14, 281 operas 6, 383 operator 12, 92 operit 4, 42 opertis 6, 433 operum 7, 102 opes 10, 24 105. 14,93120 opibus 1, 24. 2, 129. 3, 235.6,88.8,185,9,100 opicse 6, 455 opici 3, 207 opimam 10, 281 opobalsama 2, 41 oportet 14, 207 Oppia 10, 322 oppida 1,35. 8, 129. 15,8 opponere 9, 86 opponunt 2, 39 oppositis 11, 18 opposite 11, 158 opposuit 10, 152 oppressa 10, 75 opsonia 4, 64. 11, 134 optabat 10, 104 optabant 10, 346 optandas 10, 284 optandura 1, 107. 10, 103 optandusque 6, 211 optantibus 10, 7 optare 10, 115. 13, 96 optari 10, 293 optas 10, 189 optat 6, 487. 10, 80 115 289. 14, 140 optata5, 117. 10, 187 optes 3, 276 optima 1, 38 135. 3, 223. 6, 136. 15, 133 optimus 4, 78. 10, 331 opus 7, 66 opus est 2, 121. 6, 368. 10, 215 ora 3, 240. G, 43. 8, 35. 15, 137 oracula 6, 555 orandum 10, 3.56 orator 7, 193. 10, 118. 11, 34 orba 6, 270 orbe 2, 108.6, 11 402. 10, 63 orbem 4, 37 132. 5, 21. 6, 293 496. 10, 40. 11, 173. 14, 313 orbes 11, 122 orhi, genitive, 4, 19. C, 548 orbi, nom. plural, 12, 99 orbibus 1, 137 orbis,«o;«. 19, 168. 15,110 orbis, genitive, 4, 148 orbis, ablative, 3, 129 orbita 14, 37 orborum 3, 221 Orcadas2, 161 orchestra 7, 47 orchestram 3, 178 ordine 1, 127 ordinibus 6, 502. 14, 324 ordinis 7, 44 ordo 3, 284 ore 3, 267. 7,167- 10,232. 14, 138 205 Orestes 1,6. 8, 220 orexim 6, 428 orexis 11, 127 organa 6, 380 Orgia 2, 91 originis 8, 46 origo 14, 226 oris 10, 238 omamenta 3, 218 omamentuin 3, 204 ornari 6, 488 ornata 11, 64 omatas 6, 227 ornate 12, 85 omatum 10, 321 ornatur 8, 253 ornentur 6, 79 ornos 1,11 oro 9, 67. 10, 250 Orontes 3, 62 ortu 8, 11 oryx 11,140 osculaG, 51 367 507 Osiri 8, 29 Osiris 6, 541 O8sa3,259.8,90 146. 15,58 ossea 5, 53. 1 1, 134 ossibus 16, 80 ostendas 13, 215 ostendatur 7, 9 ostende 14, 60 ostendebat 1 1, 97 ostendens 1, 124. 12, 13 ostendere 8, 2. Hi, 10 o.Mcnderet 10, b'.i. II, 107 ostendJH 13, 127 ostenditl, 84. 3, 151.6,689 ostenditque 6, 124 o8tia4,43. 8,171. 9,105. 13, 27 *H Ostia 11,49 ostrea 4, 142. 6, 302. 8, 85 Othoni 3, 159. 6, 559 Othonis 2, 99. 14, 324 otia 6, 394 ova 3, 202. 11, 71 ovanti 8, 28 ovem 6, 150 oves 1, 108 ovili 6,529 ovis6, 518. 13, 142 ovo 5, 84. 14, 85 Pacei 7, 12 Paccius 12,99 pace 8, 107. 11, 193 paeem 15, 163 pacis 6, 292. 9, 23. 14, 72 pactam 6, 200 Pactolus 14, 299 pactum 6, 25 Pacuvio 12, 125 Pacu%num 12, 112 Pacuvius 12, 128 Pffian 6, 1 72 1 74 pane 1, 65. 6, 563. 9, 79 pa?nula 5, 79 paganum 16, 33 pagina 7, 100. 10, 58 pago 14, 154 Palaemon 7, 219 Palffimonis 6, 452. 7, 215 palam 2, 136. 10, .334 Palati 2, 106. 4, 31 palatia 9, 23 Palatino 6, 1 1 7 palato 10, 203. 11, H Palfurio 4, 53 pali 6, 247 pall a 10, 262 Pallante 1, 109 palleat 1 , 43 pallent 13, 223 pallentis 3, 175 pallere 7, 97 pallet 2, 50. 11, 48 pallia 6, 236 pallida 10,229 pallidulus 10, 82 pallidus 5, 87. 7, 115. 10, 189 palliolo 3, 95 pallor 4, 75 l)allort'm 16, KM palluit 6,392 palma 8, 58 palinfl 1.3, V2>^ palir.ae 7, 118. 15, 76 58 \EUHAL INDEX prtlmam (>, ;?2:}. 11, 1 TD jialiiKis 2, 14'2 JKllllK") S, 78 palpat 1 , 35 IKiliH'tur 10, 20(; li:il{Mtot 3, 134 imhidati (>, 400 paludes 10, 2r(> paliim C), 2(>7 jialus 3, 307 jiaiide 1 , 150 paiulit 10, 194 jKiuilitur 14, 327 pane 6, 169. 6, 462. 12, 60 panem 2, 107. 5, 67. 10, 81. 14, 181 panis 1, 120. 10, 200 277. 14, 128 panisque 5, 75 panni 11, 196. 14, 300 panniculus 6, 260 pannis 8, 96 paiino 7, 145 paunosus 10, 102 Pansa 8, 95 papillis 6, 122 pappas 6, 633 papyro 4, 24. 7, 101 par 1, 151. 4,97. 5, 114. 7, 96. 8, 98 215. 10, 98. 12, 4. 13, 59.15, 113 para 9, 135 parabat 10, 105. 14, 88 parabis 14, 55. 15, 129 paranda 7, GG parant 1, 106 parante 10. 131 parautur 6, 465 parari 8, 213 paras 6, 26. 14, 48 parasiti 14, 46 parasitus 1, 139. 5, 145 parastis 8, 233 parat 6, 608. 8, 130. 14, 273 parata 6, 207 paratte 6, 245 parati 9, 49. 15, 102. 16, 46 paratis 6, 16 273 parato 5, 168. 10, 333 paratu 14, 13 paratum 12, 106 paratur 3, 224. 6. 251. 14, 140 paratus 3, 106. 5, 56. 9, 7. 13, 108 paravi 6, 639 Parcai 12, 64 parca.s 6, 37 paroeat (>, 208. 14, 287 pareo6, 172. 8, 117 pan'onduin 14, 215 parciMo 1, 18. 6, 156 part'i'tur 14, 246 parcit 15, 159 parcius 6, 546 parens 14, 112 pardus 8, 36. 11, 123 parente 14,9 parontem 6, 175. 8, 243. 14,210 parcntes6, 13. 10, 296 30*5. 14, 3 parent! 8, 257 parentis 7, 209. 8, 45 143. 9, 87. 14, 56 parentum 8, 138 pa'-ere 2, 138 par5re3,290. 5, 64. 10, 339. 12, 107 pares, tioim, 3, 104. 15, 130 pares, vcrb^ 14, 200 paret 11, 21 paretur 4, 131 pari 15, 53 pariat 5, 141 paribus 4, 16 paribusque 14, 17 Paridemque 6, 87 Paridi 7, 87 Paris 10, 264 pariter 3, 298. 6, 20 316 328 349 441 676.9, 109. 10, 309. 13, 206 parma 5, 154 paropside 3, 142 Parrbasii 8, 102 pars 1, 26. 3, 171. 6,8. 8, 44. 9, 120. 12, 26 52. 13, 157. 15, 3 73 133 parta 14, 303. 16, 52 partam 10, 116 parte 3, 194. 6, 437. 7, 43 114 159 182. 10, 213. 11, 29 72 101. 12, 48. 13, 136. 14, 131. 15, 85 partem 4, 29. 12, 110. 13, 186. 14, 106 partemque 14, 78 partes 1, 41. 4, 2. 7, 123 Parthenio 12, 44 Parthoque 6, 407 partibus 4, 148. 9, 32 participem 3, 62 particulam 13, 14 particulas 15, 79 partis 10, 209. 14,94 partitur 3, 121 partos 13, 25 partu 2, 138 partinn<|ue 10, 352 partus, /loiiiiiiafirr, 6, 62G \y.\Tl\\>*, gf)iilirr, (>, 592 parva 1, 96. 6, 184 288. 12, 87. 14,93 parva 6,664. 7, 28 parvam 8, 33 parvaque 10, 17,0 parvas 6, 2 parvi 6, .504. 9, 137 parvis 11, 96. 13, 168. 14, 319 paruit 14, 331 parum 15, 166 parumper4, 62. 10,250 parvo 1 1 , 78 parvoque 14, 5 parvos 12, 94 parvula 6, 89. 10, 340. 15, 127 parvulus 3, 204. 5, 138 parvus 8, 108 pascaris 5, 150 pascendi 9, 67 pascendum 7, 76 pascentis 14, 80 pasci 12, 28 paBcit 3, 141 pascitur 9, 136. 12, 105 pascua 9, 55. 12, 13 pascunl 7, 93 passer 6, 8. 9, 54 passi 12, 16 passis 14, 161. 15, 104 passos 10, 181 pa.ssnTn,si/hstanfii'e,l4j27i passurus 14, 314 pastor 8, 276 pastotes 6, 160 pastoribus 2, 127 pastoris 1 1, 151 pateant 6, 31 patella 5, 85 patellre 10, 64 patellas3, 261. 6, 344 patens 1, 65 patent 3, 275. 6, 640 pater 2, 126. 6,51 77 394 600. 7, 166 239. 8, 109 269. 9, 86. 10, 130. 13, 81 84. 14, 99 106 119 191 255. 16, 64 56 patere 7, 220 pateris, verb, 13, 9 143 paterna 6, 88 patemi 6, 355 paternis 12, 89 paterno 6, 55 57. 1 1 , 39 patet2, 89. 3,150. 10,364 pathici 2, 99 TO JUVENAL. 59 pathicus 9, 130 pati 5, 3 25 173. 13, 230 patiens 1, 31. 7, 33 patietur 13, 245 patimur 6, 292 patinse 4, 72 133 patitur 1, 77. 3, 279. 6, 96. 13, 208 patre 12, 98. 16, 62 patreinS, 244. 14, 96 167 patres 4, 64. 6, 625. 8, 266 patri 2, 131. 7, 188 patria 11, 161 patriaS, 29. 4, 24. 10,50 patriffi 6, 86. 8, 28 244. 14, 70 71 166 239 patricrque 3, 123. 6, 111 patriam 4, 129. 5, 34. 8, 45. 10, 142. 11, 52 patriamque 7, 234 patriamve 6, 575 patricise 10, 332 patricias 4, 102 patriciorum 8, 190 patricios 1, 24 patriis 7, 211 patrimonia 1, 138. 7, 113. 10, 13, 12, .50 51. 14, 116 229 patris 3, 43. 5, 142.8,217 patruis 1, 158 patrum 14, 36 patruo 2, 33 patruos 6, 567 patuerunt 4, 63 patuit 1, 88 patulae 13, 74 ])atulas 3, 277 pauca5, 107.8,108.10,19 paucffi 2, 53 twice. 6, 50. 15,64 pauci 10, 2 112. 11, 55 paucis 3, 301. 9, 60. 10, 337. 11, 145. 13, 47 paucissima 14, 155 paucorum 10, 143 344 paucos 13, 160 pavent 6, 189 pavet G, 238. 16, 3 pavidoque 6, 95 pavi.lurn 10, 87. 13, 222. 16,3 pavidus 11, 158 pavimeiitum 14, 60 paulatim 2, H4. (i, 19. 13, 188 paulatitnquc 1, 83 I'aulliqne2, 146 paulo6, 227- 9, 114 pauliiiii II, 17 i'auiuM 7, 143. 8,21 pavonem 1, 143 pauper 3, 145 161. 5, 113. 6, 72.9, 147. 11,3. 13, 96 paupere 5, 165 paupeiibus 6, 61 pauperis 3,127 299. 14,121 paupert;is 3, 152. 6, 295. 7,61 paupertate 3, 183 paupertatem 14, 236 paupertatis 6, 358 pax 1, 115 peccandi 13, 208 241 peccant 6, 135 peccat 8, 141 peccaturo 14, 49 peccet 14, 53 pecorum 11, 41 pectereH, 216 pecteris 6, 27 pectine 6, 370 382. 9, 30 pectitque 6, 496 pectora 6, 551. 7, 65 150. 15, 170 pectore 5, 80. 6, 93 96 251. 11,28. 13, 198. 14, 239 pectus 13, 127 pecudem 13, 232 peculia 3, 189 pecunia 1, 113. 6, 298. 10, 12. 11, 46. 13,34 134. 14, 139 pecus 6, 4. 8, 62. 12, 41 pede 6, 159. 10, 5. 13, 173 pedem 10, 30 pedemque 14, 219 pedes 7, 143. 8, 228 pedibus 1, 111. 3, 27. 6, 350 427. 9, 69 Pedo 7, 129 Pegasus 4, 77 pegma 4, 122 pejerat 13, 91 pejeret 13, 36 pejor 6, 270. 11, 135 pejora8, 184. 14, 57 pejuraque 13, 28 pejores 2, 19 pelagi 7, 33. 12, 17 pelagique 1, 135 pelago 12, 64 77- 14, 27? pelagus 6, 90 j)elamvduin 7, 120 IVlea"l4, 214 Peleus 10, 256 Pelida! 3, 280 Peiia-o 10, 168 pclle 3, 160 pelkni 10, 192 ipcllcx 2, 67 pellibus 6, 7. 14, 187 pellice 6, 272 627 pelliculfe 1,11 Pelopea 7, 92 pelves 3, 277. 6, 441.10,64 pelvis 6, 431 penates 14, 320 pendebat 4, 88 pendens 10, 134 pendent 7, 46 pendente 3, 196. 6, 650 pendentesque 10, 193 pendentia 6, 227. 8, 204. 11,82 pendentis 6, 321 pendentisque II, 107 peudere 3, 15. 6, 478 Penelope 2, 56 penem 6, 337- 9, 43 penes 14, 226 penetrare 5, 106 penitCis 5, 95. 6, 474 penna 4, 149 pennae 6, 198 pennas 3, 80. 5, 101 pensa 12, 65 pensilibus 1, 159 pensio 9, 63 peperit 3, 233. 6, 633 per 3, 35. 5, 54 77 159. 6, 244 333. 9, 65 112. 10, 248.11, 112. 12,75 111. 14, 53 75 135 186 229. 15, 56 63 92 perque 7, 132. 13, 81 peracta 2, 54 peracta 6, 485 peraeti 10, 6 peractis 13, 238 peracto 12, 86 peractum 5, 93 peragat 5, 122 peragendum 2, 133 peragentibus 11, 114 percurram 10, 225 percussa 10, 149 percussas 9, 30 percussit 15, 66 pticusso 14, 286 percuasore 8, 173 percussuiu 1, 64. 3, 271. 12, 20. 15, 21 percussus 1, l(i3. 4, 124 pcrcutit I 1, I9(i jierdas (i, 20-2 pcrdere 1, 93. 8, 84 97 perdidit 3, 20i). 10, 228. 13,72. 14, 261 perdila 3, 7-1 perditiH 5, i;{0. 8, 212. 14, 2(;9 60 VERBAL INDEX percat 4, 56. 7, 1'4 222 225 pcregerit 5, 21 perepri (J, ()40 perogit V.i, 210 peretrrina 4, 127. !^, 225. 14, 187 peregrines (i, 298 pereuncUini 10, 339 pereuntein G, 3G2 perfec-tissimus 2, 5 perferat (i, 2()1 perHde 9, 82 perfidiam 13, 24 perfidus 13, 245 perfrixit 7, 194 perfundit 5, H6 perfusa 6, 303. 14, 66 pergant 14, 122 pergere 10, 154 pergit 16, 40 pergula 11, 137 perhibent 4, 17 Peribomius 2, 16 pericli 6, 94 pericula 3, 8 268. 8, 249. 11, 76. 12, 82. 14, 314 perierunt 3, 124 periit 4, 153. 6, 476. 10, 11 perimit 7, 151 perit 3, 260. 6, 563. 8, 85. 11, 190 perit 6, 295. 10, 118 periturffi 1, 18. 6, 435 perituram 11,17 perituri 6, 44 perituro 11, 107 perituros 10, 81 peritvLS 1, 128. 6, 586 perjuri 13, 174 perjuria 8, 82. 14, 218 perlege 14, 192 perlucente 11, 13 perluces 2, 78 permixtura 8, 174 permittas 14, 234 permittes 10, 347 permittit 6, 457 permutatque 6, 225 permutatio 6, 653 perniciosa 10, 54 pernoctanti.s 14, 46 pemox 8,10 Perone 14, 186 perores 2, 67 perpetua 13, 21 1 perpetuam 15, 164 perpetui 3, 35 perpetuo 10, 33 245 perpetuum 7, 208 perpetuus 5, 151 Persica 14, 328 Persice 11, 57 Persicus 3, 221 persona 3, 96. 4, 16 personir 3, 1 75 personam 6, 70. 8, 229 pertulit 6, 93 392. 8, 209 pertunde 7, 26 pertundite 6, 46 pertusa 5, 131 pervenit 5, 62. 9, 78 pervia 12, 80 pervigiles 8, 158 pervigilique 15, 43 pervnlat 1 , 60 pervolet 6, 398 pes 11, 128 pessima 9, 120 peste 4, 84 petasunculus 7, 119 petas 7, 162 petauro 14, 265 petebas 9, 114 petente 6, 575 petere 15, 150 petinuis 10, 352 petit 1, 121 123.5, 108.6, 535. 7, 99 233. 8, 51. 12, 80 petita 12, 104 petitas 6, 527.9, 149 petitis 14, 89 petitos 6, 603 petitur 5, 50 petitus 10, 110.11, 147 Petosiris 6, 581 petulans 3, 278. 6, 297. 12,5 petunt 3, 71 petuntur 10, 8 54 pexi 11, 150 Phffiaca 15, 23 Phseacum 5, 151 Phcecasianoruin 3, 218 phalanges 2, 46 Phalaris 8,81 phalas 6, 590 phaleris 11, 103. 16, 60 pharetrata 2, 108 pharetramque 13, 80 pharetris 6, 138 Pharioque 13, 85 Pharon 6, 83. 12, 76 phaaelis 15, 127 Phasma 8, 186 phialas 5, 39 Phial en 10, 238 Phidiacum 8, 103 Philippi 13, 125 Philippica 10, 125 Philomehi 7, 92 phillra 6, 611 Plui'bi 7, 233 ph(enicopteru3 11, 139 Phdlo 12, 45 phrencsis 14, 136 I'hrygia 6, 516 Phrygiaque 14, 307 Phrygibus 7, 236. 12, 73 Phrygio2, 115 Phryx 6, 585. 11,147 phthisis 13, 95 pia 13, 116 piacula 12, 120 piandum 13, 54 Picenis 11, 74 Picens 4, 65 Pico 8, 131 picta3, 66. 14,302 pict£E 6, 482, 10, .38. 15, 128 pictas 8, 157 pictor 3, 76 pictores 12, 28 pictosque 8, 2 pictura 6, 340 Pieria 7, 8 Pierides 4, 36 Pierio 7, 60 piger 12, 12 piget 14, 199 pignerat 7, 73 pigneribus 9, 141 pignus 6, 27 pigra 8, 248 pigri 5, 23 pigris 8, 34 pila 10, 94 pilo 9, 15 pilosas 14, 194 pingat 9, 146 pingitque 2, 94 pingue 14, 207 pingucs 4, 44. 9, 28 pinguia 3, 247- 6, 462 673 pinguior 12, 11 pingui8 5, 105. 8, 147 pinguissiinus 11, 65 pinna 3, 118 Pinnirapi 3, 158 pinnis 14, 76 pinum 3, 2.55 pinus 3, 307 piperisque 14, 293 piratae 8, 94 Pisicee 13, 99 piseator 4, 26 piscem 4, 50. 5, 86 96. 15, 7 pisci 4, 72 TO JUVENAL 61 piscibus 13, 66 piscis 4, 26. 11, 36 Piso 5, 109 Pittacon 2, 6 placabo 12, 89 placant 2, 86 placeas 10, 167 placeat 10, 42 338 placentas 11, 59 places 6, 276 placets, 135. 6,3338 577. 8, 158 placidi 1, 21 placitum 16, 49 placuit 3, 160.7,149.16,53 plagarum 14, 19 plana 3, 96 plana 13, 128 planctus 10, 261 plangentis 6, 534 planguntur 13, 131 planipedes 8, 191 plantii 3, 247. 5, 125. 6, 507. 14, 272 planttc 13, 98 plantaribus 13, 123 plantas 3, 227 plantis 6, 96 planum 12, 62 platani 1, 12 plaudat 3, 157 plaudendum 1, 146 plaustra 3, 256 plausuque 11, 163 plebe 8, 47 49 256 plebeia 6, 516. 8, 254 plebeiae 8, 254 plebeios II, 145 plebeiis 6, 69 plebeium 6, 588 plebis 1,26. II, 194 plectro 6, 384 plena 1, 5 33.2,4. 3, 187. 4, 47. 5, 66. 8, 100. 10, 191. 13, 135 plenfl 6, 426 plenfcijue 10, 242 pleni 10, 128 pleno 3, 263. 6, 364. 10, 232. 14, 138 plenoH 15, 20 58 plenum 14, 276 plenuiri(|ue8, 72 pleniis 12, 30 plurumiiue 1 1 , 46 plorantu 6, 158. 9, n plorantesque 6, 86 plorarc 16, 134 plora.i 1 , 50 plorat 6, 272 ploratur 13, 134 ploreiit 14, 150 pluit 7, 179 plumaque 6, 88 plumbo 14, 310 plumis 1, 159. 10, 362 plura 2, 45. 3, 220. 9, 39 58. 13,57. 14, 173 plures2, 79. 3,315. 7, 167. 8, 197. 10, 12 plurima4, 119. 5, 130.8, 58.9, 118. 10, 196. 12, 23. 13, 187. 14,1.15,78 plurimum 14, 7'i plurimus 3, 232 pluris 7, 144 178. 8, 258. 11, 16. 14, 201 plus 1, lOS. 3, 180.6,181. 251 388. 7, 78 99 twice. 10, 72 302 315. 11, Q>^. 13, 176. 14, 276. 16, 4 pluteum 2, 7 Pluton J3, 50 pluvia 3, 202 pluviis 4, 87 pocula 1, 76. 5, 26 43 52 129. 6, 633. 8, 177 217. 10, 26. 11, 102. 13, 148 podagram 13, 96 podice 2, 12 podium 2, 147 poemata 10, 124 poena 1, 142. 6, 537. 10, 243. 13, 52 90 175 196 pcena 10, 287. 13, 247 pcEnam 15, 129 poenas 3, 279. 6, 478. 10, 84 187 312. 13,206 poenis 8, 268 pceniteat 10, 6 pcenitet 1, 170 poenituit 7, 203 Pceno 10, 155 poeta 1, 14 poetic 7, 3 78. 14, 206 poe'tas 3, 9 poetica 12, 23 pol 5, 10 poll ice 3, 36. 7, 237 pollicitus 9, 74 Pollio 6, 387. 7, 176. 9, 7. 11, 43 PoUitas 2, 68 polluit 8, 218 poUutus 2, 29 Polycleli 3, 217. 8, 103 Poly|)lierni 9, 64 PolypluTnus 14, 20 Poly.xena 10, 262 poiiia 5, 150 pomis (I, 18 pomteria 9, 11. pomjia 10, 281 rnrnpeio 10,283 Pompeios 10, 108 Pompeius 4, 110 Pomtina 3, 307 ponanuis 13, 11 ponant 13, 86 ponas 8, 133. 9, 81 ponat 10, 358 ponatur 9, 40 pond era 1, 29 pondere 3, 271. 6, 262. 7, 207. 13, 49. 15, dQ pone, verh^ 1, 155. 5, 135. 6, 172 219 347. 7, 114. 8, 22 88 89 195 228. 10, 65. 11, 189 190 ponebant 11, 109 ponebat 11, 79 ponendaque 3, 56 ponendi 14, 260 ponendum 13, 141. 14, 203 ponente 16, 45 ponentur 5, 146 ponere 5, 45 73. 7, 149. 11, 84 ponere 5, 126 poni 5, 51 poninius 13, 117 ponit 1, 141. 8, 238 ponitur 5, 85. 14, 83 pono 10, 156. 12, 94 pons 5, 8. 6, 32 ponte 4, 116. 14, 134 Ponti 4, 43. 10, 273 Pontia 6, 638 Pontica 6, 661 Pontice 8, 1 75 179 Ponticus 14, 114 pontifices 6, 604 pontifici 4, 46 ponunt 6, 309 476. 14, 99 popano 6, 541 popina 8, 172 popiua> 11, 81 jiopinas 8, 158 poplitibus 6, 263 poposcit 1, 82. 6, 126 Poppu-'ana 6, 462 poppysiua 6, 584 populariterS, 37 populi 2, 162. 6, 534. 8, 189. 15,39. 16,43 populis 15, 130 p<)|iiii()2, (17. 3, 16. 8, 189 211. 9, 117. Kt, 62 341. 14, 12 juijiuloiiiic 3, 256. 14, 70 juipuloruiii 13, 148 pi>liulos6, 410. 10, 160. 16, 169 ])opulo,S(|UC 4,83 I)opiiliiin 1, 16 72. 3, 17h. 15, 23 151 (5-2 VKRHAL INDEX pojniUis 2, 73. ;i, "i-ll. r, 24.1. 8, 2i). 10, 74. 14, 115 1()(). If), ;{1 113 jiorciv 2, 8(! jioroi 2, 80. lO,;?;"))"). I'A, 117 porcis G, 160. 15, 22 porcum G, 447 porrectaque 12, 76 porrectura 1, 70 porrexerit 6, G33 porrexit 5, G7 porri 14, 133 porrigat 3, 2G7. 8. 208 porrige G, 598 porriget 11, 146 porrigine 2, 80 porrigit 6, 43 G07 porro 3, 126.6,240. 7,98. 11,9 porrum 3,293. 15, 9 porta 11, 124, 16, 3 portabit G, 528 porta> 8, IGO. 13,27 portandum 3, 32 portante 10, 260 portaret 10, 158 portarum 8, 2G1. 15, 158 poitas I, 143. 6, 409. 7, 42. 10, 155 portat 3, 2.52 257 portatur 10, 42 portenta 15, 2 portes 10, 19 porthniea 3, 2C6 porticibus 4, 6. G, 163 porticibusne 6, GO porticus7, 178. 12,101. 14, 66 portio 3, 61. 9, 128 portis 15, 6 porto 3, 28 portus 3,31. 12,78.14,275 poscas 1, 98.3, 102.5,65. 10, 354 posce 7, 24.9, 64.10,357. 11,148. 14, 193 poscebat 10, 105 poscentem 5, 48 poscentibus 14, 208 pos.oere 3, 42. 8, 24G posceret 14, 313 posces 11, 148 posciraus 6, 112. 7, 71. 9, 129 poscis 9, 63 poscit 3, 198. 6, 579 624. 11, 130 poscitque 6, 149 poscunt 14, 318 Posides 14, 91 posita est 7,47 posita 1,90.6,320. 10, 267 posit as 12, 75. 13. 149 ]H)sitis2, 74.3, 191.6,264. 9, 141. 15, 42 posito 11, ()9. 13, 39 positos 7, 26 posituin est G, 588 positus 4, 77. 9, 62 posse 6, 41. 10, 49 97. 12, 21 possederis 14, 159 possem 6, 282. 14, 211 posset 4, 90 possideat 10, 225. 12, 129 possideo 1, 108 possidet 3, 141 possis 3, 272 229. 5, 152. 10,.363. 11,206. 13,112. 14, 150 possum 3, 44 60 possunt 6, 595 post 5, 116 148. 6, 15 499 504 5G8. 7, 142 163. 8, 97. 9, 125. 11, 42. 12, 124. 13, 16. 14, 55 158 190. 15, 99 posteritas 1, 148. 8, 62 postes G, 79. 9, 104 postluic 7, 18. 8, 7 post hffic 2, 62. 8, 247 postibus G, 52 postquam 13, IGl postremo 1 1, 91 postulat 7, 243 Postume 6, 21 28 376 posuere 2, 85. 1 1, 7G posuit 13, 30 241 posuitque G, 359 potanda 6, 9 potare 9, 1 16 potat 5, 30 potatis 5, 52 potens 1, 69. 14, 39 potentia 7, 200. 10, 56 potentior 10, 303 poterant 15, 105 potes 3, 223, 5, 3 171. 6, 30. 13, 14 potestas4, 71. 10, 100 potio 6, G24 potiores 10, 360 potiiis 1, 19. 4, 150. 6, .398 489.7,10148181.13,113 pra-beat 5, 107. 6, 32 prsfebebis 5, 172 prajbebit 6, 584 proebenda 10. 345 pra-bere 2, 142. 3, 33 pra*bcret G, 3 praebet 3, 147. 10, 270 prffibuit 11, 157 pra!cedant 8, 23 l)rcCCedeDtia 10, 44 piu'Ci'dere 13, 58 pr.TCedit 13, 108 pra-cepit 14, 227 pra-ceps 10, 107 160 pra-cepta 13, 19. 14, 189. 15, 107 pra-ceptoriim 7, 209 pra;ceptori 7, 230 pra!cipit 14, 16 pracipitans 15, 78 prn'cii)itaie 12, 38 prascipitat 10, 66 pra»ci[)itein 3, 129. 8, 135 pra;cipites 6, 649. 10, 85 prajcipiti 1, 149. 4, 149 prajcipuam 4, 19 pra!cipue 3, 69. 7, 109. 9, 119 pra;cipuis 13, 220 prcecipuum G, 632 pnecipuus G, 557 prfficlara 5, 42. 10, 97 pra'c'aro 8, 31 priieclarum 3, 217 pra3co 6, 439 prajccne 1 , 99 pra>conem 8, 96 prcEcones 7, 6 pra;cnnis 3, 157 praicordia 1, 167. 6, 621. 13, 181. 14, 35 prada 11, 193. 14, 82 prmdam 14, 86 prcedamqne 4, 58 pra»daruni 11, 101 pra;dia 9, 54 pra?dive8 14, 306 pra'divitis 10, 16 pra;fecti 4, 78 prffifeetos 7, 92 pr.'pfectura 6, 486 pra3feire6, 117. 8, 83 139 212. 12, 49 pra-gnaus 1, 122 prffignantem 2, 55. 6, 405 pripgustarit 6, 660 prfpgustct 6, 633 pntlata 12, 71 pr;elatus 5, 45 pra-lia ], 91. 4, 112. 6, 2.58. 7, 27 128. 12, 110. 13, 172. 14, 162 prffimaturi 11, 44 pramia 3, 56. 6, 321. 8, 92 119. 10,142, 16, 1 35 pra;mordet 7, 218 PraMieste3, 190 Pr.nenestinis 14, 88 pra^ponere 10, 92 pia.'[)ono 3, 5 pra>putia 6, 238. 14, 99 l)ra'st'ns 1, 142 I TO JUVENAL. 63 praesente G, 400 prsesentibiis 11, 202 prsesentior II, 111 prtpsepia 8, 157 praesepibus 1 , 59 praesertim 15, 109 prsesidia 7, 23. 12, 56 praesidium S, 239 praestabat 6, 287. 9, 14 praestant 6, 97 539 praestantibus 15, 75 praestantius 3, 18 praDstareS, 188 6, 252. 8, 170. 9, 7. 11, 115. 15, 150 prapstatS, 136.12,86.13,99 praestatur 16, 49 praestem 11, 57 praestent 6, 480. 7, IOC praesto, verb, 14, 212 prater 8, 146 praeterea 3, 109 praetereunte 3, 275 praeteriit 14, 214 praeterit 6, 307 praeterita 10, 235 prjetexta 10, 35 prajtextam 10, 99 praetextatos 2, 1 70 praetextatum 10, 308 praetextatus 1, 78 prffitor 3, 128 213. 11, 193 praetorem 10, 36 praetori 1, 101. 16, 10 prffitoria 1, 75. 10, 161 praetoribus 6, 380 praptoris 8, 194. 13, 4. 14, 257 pra-tulit 6, 112 pragmaticorum 7, 123 prandebat 13, 46 prandente 10, 178 prandet 6, 101 pravain 8, 33 pravis 14, 41 precor 6, 170 172 premat 1, 46 premetur 14, 221 296 premit 3, 244. 6, 502. 7, 132 pressit 1, 43. 6, 621 pres.soijue 5, 160 press 11 m 2, 107 pretiis 8, 65. 11,15 prutio 3, 184. 5,56. 9, 71. 14, 145 pretiosa 13, 214 pretiosior 6, 167 pretiiim 4, 25. 6, 474. 7, 96 119. 9, 28. 12, 127. 13, 105. 14. 281 Priamus 10, 258 Priapi 6, 316 Priapo2, 95 prima 3, 26. 6, 298 408 467 498. 8, 24 268. 9, 81. 10, 23. 13, 2 189. 15, 51 90 prima 6, 204. 8, 166. 10, 126. 11, 184 primaque 13, 59 primi 15, 168 primis 8, 121 primol,95. 2,133.4,142. 5, 12. 13, 224 primoribus 15, 40 primes 6, 24. 7, 195. 10, 261. 13, 146 primura 6, 577 primiim 2, 4 44. 6, 371. 7, 141. 8,68. 14, 85. 16,7 primus 4, 75. 8, 61 274. 10, 258 priuceps 4, 32. 13, 138 principe 8, 198 principio 15, 148 principis 6, 617. 8, 224. 10, 76 93 341 principium 6, 245 priori, 102^'vee. 3,81 130 244. 8, 153 priori 9, 21 priorum 1, 151. 6, 635 priscum 4, 102 privata 6, 114 privatis 4, 66 private 12, 107 privatus 1,16. 13, 41 privignoque 6, 134 privignum 6, 628 prius 1, 97 168. 14, 148 priusquam 13, 38 pro 1, 124. 6, 391. 8, 112 255. 9, 117148. 10, 192. 12, 98. 14, 306. 15, 108 proavis 15, 152 proavorum 3, 312 proavum 8, 134 probat 7, 204 probata- II, 163 probavit 10, 70. 13, 205 j)robitas 1, 74 procedat 3, 138 proccrem 8, 26 proceres 2, 121. 3, 213. 4, 72 144. 7, 90 processus 1 , 39 Prochjtam 3, 5 jiroelame.-i 2, 75 Proem; 6, 644 procubuit 3, 257 procul 2, 88. 3, 89. 12, 6. 14, 45 twice. 16, 17 25 Procula 3, 203 Proculas 2, 68 Procaleius 1, 40. 7, 94 prodere9, 115. 13, 23 prodest 2, 141 142. 8, 1 prodiderim 9, 97 prodiga6, 362. 7, 138. 10, 304 prodigia 6, 84 prodigio 4, 97 prodigiosa 13, 62 prodita8, 261 producat 8, 271 producere 6, 241. 7, 146. 16, 32 producit 2, 94. 6, 609. 14, 228 produxere 15, 94 produxerit 15, 32 produxisse 15, 166 profanae 2, 89 profer 1, 12(! proferat 6, 5/0 proferet 7, 153 proferre 4, 91. 14, 142 proficis 13, 18 profuit 4, 99. 10, 324 profujjdi 13, 49 progenies 14, 84 prohibente 11,7 prole 13, 206 proles 8, 56 proludunt 5, 26 promere 15, 73 Promethea 8, 133 Prometheus 4, 1.^3. 15, 85 promisitque 7, 84 promissa 12, 2 promissus 11, 60 promittant 12, 101 promittente 16, 12 promittere 3, 43. 13, 233. 6, 388 promittunt 2, 12 promovimus 2, 160 proiiilius 10, 220 promtus 3, 74 prona 15, 147 lironi 3, 192 liroiiuiu 9, 43. 13, 75 pronus 6, 48 prod'inia 3, 288 prope9, 106 propcra 4, 67. 6, 148 liroperMbat 4, 76 94 piipptTabo 3, 59 lir(i[nTaiit (), 4.30 properaiite 3, 264 (J4 VElUiAL INDEX propcrnntom 3, 319 [>ropcrantilnis 3, 243 |>ropi>r!iiiti.s 14, 178 propcraro 4, 134. 6, 330 properat 4, 59. 6, 488. 14, 78 propinat 5, 127 propinqiias I, 71 projiiiupii 14, 23() propiiKjuis 8, 219. 13, 207 propiiuiuo 8, 72. 14, 6 propior G, 510 proponere 4, 46 projionimus 3, 24 propositi 5, 1 propositura 9, 21. 10,325 proposui 8, 125 propria 14, 80 propter 1, 141. 5, 19 76. 6, 104 469. 7, 39. 8, 41 84. 9, 87 118. 10, 55. 11, 150. 12, 50 51. 14, 22 274 prora5, 89.10, 186.12,69 prorsus 6, 249 proseucha 3, 296 prosit 4, 36 prosperalO, 97. 12,63.16,2 prospiciunt 6, 360 prostantis 1, 47 prostare 3, 65 prostat 9, 24 prostitit 6, 123 prostitui 8, 226 protefjere 11, 33. 15, 155 protegit 8, 250 protenus 3, 140. 4, 48. 7, 165. U, 188. 13, 176. 14, 123. 16, 27 Protogenes 3, 120 protuleratque 10, 30 protulit 6, 23 provehit 16, 57 provirla 10, 283 provincia 1, 50. 4, 26. 5, 97. 8, 87 provocat 6, 321 376 provocet 1, 24 proxima5,96. 6,529. 10, 126. 13, 228 proximus 4, 94. 6, 290. 9, 108 prudens 4, 113 prudentia 10, 48 365. 12, 32. 14, 315 prudentissima 3, 80 pruinis 4, 56, 6, 50 pruria 3, 83 prurigo 6, 327 prurire 11, 16.3 prurit 6, 578 psaltria 6, 337 i'seoas 6,491 494 ^■vxv 6, 195 pube 8, 266 publica 6, 335 587. 7, 53. 10,284 publicus 10, 41 312 pudeat 2, 42. 11, 202 pudendis 8, 139 183 pudet3, 108 321.5, 1. 12, 8. 14, 185 pudicam 6, 137 pudici 6, 49 Pudicitia'6, 14308.10,298 Pudicitiam 6, I pudicus 3, 111. 6, 193 pudor 2, 110. 3, 60 154. 10, 329. 14, 178 pudorem 2, 39. 6, 252 357. 11, 55. 16, 34 pudori 8, 83 pudoris 1 1 , 154 puella 6, 258 puella 2, 59. 3, 160. 4, 35 114.6,494. 11, 164 200. 13, 80. 14, 45 209 puellam6, 354. 8,33.9, 74 puellare.s 15, 137 puellas 1, 84.3, 65. 4,36. 6, 127. 9, 128 puellis6, 191. 10, 289 puer 1,61.5, 61. 7, 69.9, 64. 10,216.11,140 154. 13, 43 56. 14, 45 192 pueri2, 152. 3, 156.6, 173 404 552. 7, 32 226. 8, 234. 9,41. 10,353. 12, 83. 14,48 180 pueriles 15, 59 pueris 2, 168. 6, 111 599. 8, 167. 10, 167 289. 12, 117. 14,3 208 puerisque 6, 639 puero 1,54. 5, 164.10,302. 11,59. 13,65. 14, 1147 puerorum 7, 240. 9, 68 pueros 3, 204. 4, 122. 6, 141. 6, 151 272. 7, 133 177. H, 228 puerpera 6, 594 puerum 9, 46 pugillares 11, 156 pugna 5, 29 pugnacis 5, 57 pugnam 7,173.8, 132.15, 74 [lugnamus 16, 47 pugnantem 8, 201 pugnanti 12, 4 pugnare 8, 210 pugna.'! 4, 121 pugnisS, 300. 13, 127 pugnos 15, 58. 16, 30 pulcer 7, 190 pulcerrima 11, 56. 12, 38 116 puUra 10, 345 ptilcra 10, 292 pulcrior 10, 196 pulcris 1, 137 pulcro 1, 127. 16,57 pulcrum 9, 47 pulcrumque 4, 54 pullati 3, 213 pulli 6, 616. 13, 142 pullorum 6, 551 pullos 14, 74 pullulet 6, 363 pullus 10, 231 pulmentaria 7, 185 pulmo 4, 128 pulmoue 6, 549 659 pulmonem 10, 33 pulpita3, 174.6,78. 7,93. 8, 195 225. 14,257 puis 16, 39 pulsandum 5, 171 pulsautis 9, 62 pulsare 6, 612. 16, 8 pulsari 6, 442 pulsas 2, 1.30. 3, 289 pulsat 6, 193 pulsatus 3, 300 puKsetur 16, 9 pultes 11,58 pultibu.s 14, 171 pulvere 7, 48. 10, 37. H, 198 pulvinar 6, 132 pulvino 3, 154 pulvis 8, 61 pumice 8, 16. 9, 95 Punica 14, 161 punire8, 235.13,101. 16,13 punit 6, 492 pupilli 1,47. 6,629 pupillos 10, 223 pupillum 15, 135 puppe 12, 79. 14, 267 puppim 6, 102 puppis 12, 31 puri 9, 141. 10,19 purpural,106. 7, 134 1.35. 11, 155. 14, 188 purpuream 12, 39 purpureus 4, 31 pu.'iillas 14, 29 pu.silli 10, 121 pu.sillos 15, 70 pusio 6, 34 35 puta 2, 153. 5, 7 putabus 9, 47. 10, 337 TO JUVENAL. (J5 putabat 4, 80 putant 13, 232, 14, 98 putarent 7, 5 putares 2, 1 22 putaret 12, 21 putaris 10, 344 putas 6,34.7,22. 9,103.13.5 putatS, 51. 5, 162. 6, 185 457. 8, 57. 13, 91, 11-, 17 115 121. 15, 108 putavit 6, 390. 15, 23 82 putemus 4, 28 putere 1], 121 putes 3, 75.5,2. 6,41.10, 330. 13, 193. 14, 223 putet 1, 58. 13,36 puteusque 3, 226 putres 13, 95 putrique 14, 132 pygargus 11, 138 Pjgmaea 6, 506 Pygmaeus 13, 168 Pylades 16, 26 Pylius 10, 246 PyrensBum 10, 11 Pyrrha 1,84 Pyrrha 15, 30 Pyrrhum 14, 162 pyrum 1 1 , 73 Pythagoras 15, 173 Pythagoreis 3, 229 Pythia 13, 199 pyrismate 11, 173 pyxide 2, 141. 13, 25 Qua 2, 157.5, 120. 7, 22 quadra 5, 2 quadrans 7, 8 quadrante 6, 447 quadrantes 1, 121 quadrijuges 7? 126 quadringenta 1 , 106.2,1 17- 5, 132. 14, .326 quadringentis 11, 19 quadrivio 1, 64 qusB2, 38 4260134 162&C. quaecumque 7, 152. 13. b9. H, 188 qua;dain 6, 184 4.'»1. S, 1G6. 14, 12:5. \r>, 107 qUfenam 6, 494 qua>que 6, 406. 10, 349. 12, 116 qua-ramu.'f 14, 181 qua-raa 10,219. 11,29. 15, 89 quserat 9, 112. 14, 6H qumre 8, 172. 14, 262 quccrebat 13, 202 quaerendi 6, 601 qusris 2, 134. 5, 19 quajrit 7, 21. 9, 92. 10, 253. 14, 207 quffiritur 6, 46 333 quaero 2, 76. 3, 296 qiiterunt 11, 14. 14, 76 quaesita 15, 63 quaesitum 13, 25, 14, 104 quaesitus 1, 164 quaeso6, 393. 12, 128 qusestio 3, 141.7, 156 quale 2, 57. 5, 36. 6, 255 qualem5, 147. 7,56.9,3 13. 10, 293. 13,111.15,141 qualemcunque 1, 80 quales 1, 80. 3, 39. 4, 28. 10, 194. 11, 72 155 quali 10, 157. 15, 65 qualia 5, 151. 15, 1 qualiacuinque6,547. 15,49 q'ualibet 14, 205 qualis 2, 29, 4, 82. 5, 24. 7, G8. 10, 157 179 185. 11, 94 99 qualisque 10, 353 quam 10, 84 quamquam 2, 4. 4, 79 quamvis 1, 103. 5, 5 quando 1, 87. 3, 21 162 173. 5, 40 62 93 127. 6, 139. 8,80.9,147.11, 182. 12, 23. 13, 102 quandoque 2, 82. 5, 172. 14,61 quandoquidem 1. 112. 10, 146. 13, 129 quanta 1, 91 140, 6, 262. 8, 92 119 quanta 1, 45.4, 6. 13, 76 quantalibet 7, 81 quantas 1,11 quanti 3, 225. 6, ;-;65 626. 7, 45 176 twice. 8, 192 quantifumque 7, 184 quantis 4, 6. 10, ]90 quanto 3, 18 249 271. 6, 67.6,262.8, 141. 9,70. 10, 14 40. 11, 24. 13, 32. 14, 25H 312 quantula 6, 254. 10, 173 quantulacumque 13, IbS quantulum 6, 151 quantum 1, 118. 3, 132 143. 4,109.6, 37.7, 104 124 105 216,8,241 twice. U, 59 117. 10, 251, 11, 26. 12, 129. 13, 113. 14, 1.39 U;0 233 2.39 31 H 319 320. 15, 45 quantumvis 8, 15 * I quantus 5, 133 134. 6,317 318, 14, 239 quare 6, 136 202 492. 9, 1 quarta 9, 17 quartanam 4, 57 quatrcumque 10, 312 quasi 13, 225 quassas 2, 130 quassatum 5, 48 quatenus 12, 102 quater 7, 122 quatiente 13, 195 quatiere 13, 171 quatit 12, 5 quatuor 5, 47. 12, 59, 13, 58. 14, 168 queas 14, 257 queat 1, 29.8,45, 10,359. 16, 1 quem 2, 38 132. 14, 231 quemcumque 14, 210 quemdam 2, 36 quemlibet 3, 37 quemquam 10, 96, 12, 130. 13, 249 quemque 3, 250 quemvis 3, 75 queratur 10, 251 quercum 6, 387 quercus 14, 184 querebar 5, 51 querela 13, 135 querelas 16, 19 querelas 9, 94 querentes 2, 24 quereris 2, 131. 13, 71 queritur 6, 36 qui 2, 3 17 19 30 84 152. 10, 353. II, 33. 13,141. 15, 119 quia 11, 207 quibusdam 3, 281. 15. 15 quicumque 7, 18. 15, 71 quid 1 , 9.2,6ifirice7o 1 15 125 134 153 1.04 155 166. 3, 259 291. 4, 14. 5, 18. 6, 41 191 308. 8, 179 199 231. 9, 3 67. 10, 213. il, .33 580. 15, 115 quid <|Uod 3, 86 147. 6, 45. 10, 208 quid refert 1, 154. 4, 6 (|uid si H, 183. 10, 36 quidam 6, 361 12, 60, 14, 96. 15, 77 quidem 2, 11 159. 6, 153 184. 8, 149. 11, 7. 12, 26 107. 13, 19. 15, 27 quidnain 4, l.iO. 10, .329 r|ui 520 r>->3 598 632 «43. 7, 16-2. 8,95. 9,97 114.10,174344. U, 188 189. 13, 83 quioscit 1, 12G quiescunt 13, 218 quin 11, 133. 12, 112 quingenta (?, 137 Quinquatribns 10, 115 quinqiie 1, 105. G, 230. 7, 121. 9, 41. 11, 206 Quintiliane 6, 280 Quintiliano 7, 186 Quintilianiie 6, 75. 7, 189 Quintilla' 7, 75 quippe 5, 64. 6, 11 quique 10, 250. 14, 266 Quiriiie 3, 67 Quirini 2, 133. 8, 259 Quirinos 11, 105 Quiriteni 8, 47 Quirites 3, 60 163. 10, 45 109 quis 1, 30. 2, 6 8 24 25.6, 247.8, 211. 16, 1 quis 3, 31 quisnam 10, 69. 13, 243, 15, 103 quisquam 8, 196. 10, 184. 11, 148 quisque 1, 41. 3, 143. 12, 20. 13, 46 quisquis 6,211. 8, 274. 10, 116 254. 14, 227 quo L e. quorsum, 8, 9 142 144 quo 2, 22 67 100. 14, 135. 15, 61 quocumque 3, 156 230. 6, 412. 8, 27 60 134. 14, 42 117 277 quod 2, 43 108 138 139. 6, 413 quodcumque 1, 152. 7,217. 13, 1 92. 14, 102 quominiis 6, 334 quondam 3, 34 313. 4, 24. 6, 288. 11, 83. 13, 38 200 quoniam 3, 114. 6, 655. 14,40 quoquani 13, 36 quorum 14, 241 quo3 2, 115 163 quoscumque 10,359 qaosdam 16, 56 31 7 quota 3, 61. 13, 157 quoties 1,1 65. 2,2 156.3,40 quum 2, 9 32 66 101. 6, 307 B. Rabida 15, 163 rabidam 6, 428 rabie 6,648.13, 225. 16,126 radat 13, 151 radere 6, 105. 14, 7 radiant (>, 38 1 radial 6, 205 radios 13, 78 ramice 10, 205 ramos 6, 228. 12, 91 ramus 13, 99 ranarum 3, 44 ranas 2, 150 rancidius 6, 185 rancidula 11, 135 rapere 6, 414 rapiat7, 183 rapiendal, 96. 15, 39 rapientem 14, 245 rapit 6, 373. 8, 135 rapiturS, 147.10,332.14,232 rapta 4, 76 raptore 7, 168 raptos 4, 122 raptum 10, 256. 15, 85 raptura 8, 130 rapturus 1, 34 raptusque 13, 169 rapui 9, 7o rapuit 10, 308. 12, 129 rara 6, 165. 7, 145 228. 8, 63. 10, 297. 13, 8 rara 11, 82 rara; 8, 104 rari 6, 179. 13, 26 rarior 7, 202. 11, 208 rarum 2, 113. 5, 15 rarus2, 14. 8,2773.10, 18 rasa 2, 97 raso 5, 171. 12, 81 rastra 15, 166 rate 14, 301 rates 12, 122 ratio 4,20.6,95. 7,1.14,39 ratione 6, 223 453. 10, 4 rationcm 1, 21 rationibus 1, 118. 6, 511 rauca 6, 515 rauci 1, 2 rauco 8, 59 raucus 1 1, 156 Ravola 9, 4 re II, 57.14, 204 rea 6, 243 rebus 6, 97 444. 9, 42. 10, 98. 11, 35 40 115. 14, 2 72 314 rebusque 10, 348. 12, 49 rtcedas 3, 297 recedit 6, 660 reccns 3, 161 recentem 4, 58 recentes 6, 408 recent! 2, 102. 6, 11. 7, 180. 13,6 recentis 11, 74 recepit 13, 241 recessit 6, 19 ISO recessu 3, 230 recidit 12, 54 recidivus 6, 363 recitantes 3, 9 recitare 8, 126 recitaverit 1, 3 recites 7, 40 recondita 6, 67 recta 3, 26 recta 6, 401 recte 9,118 rectique 11, 149 recto 2, 118, 3, 252. 10, 189 rectore 13, 87 rectorem 8, 88 rectoris 12, 33 rectum 3, 107. 13,189. 14, 266 rectus 2, 23 recubans 3, 205 recubaBte 11, 201 recumbas 5, 65 recumbat 9, 106 recuinbet 3, 82 recumbit 6, 448 recurrit 13, 239 reda 3, 10 red<£4, 118 red arum 3, 236 reddat 13, 15 61 reddere 1, 93. 15, 49 reddet 3, 319 reddidit 13, 204 reddit 16, 57 reddunt 3, 202 redeant 7, 139 redemi 9, 76 redemtum 4, 2 redeuntibus 14, 170 rediit 10, 179 185 redimicula 2, 84 redit 6, 429. 9, 61, 12, 70 redit 3, 174 reditu 12, 94 reditum 12, 15 redolent 4, 109 referam 1, 45 referat 1, 113 referebantS, 106 referemus 16, 28 referens 1, 66, 11,8&186 i TO JUVENAL. 67 referre 16, 58 referri 2, 136 Tcfert, for interest, 1, 154. 4, 5. 5, 123. 6, 65/. 8, 193. 10, 213. 11, 21 180 rcfertis 2, 54 referunt 2, 170 refici 3, 319 rege6, 1. 13, 149 regem 4, 126. 10, 273 regemque 8, 161 regenti 4, 83 reges6, 159. 10, 113 regi, Jiojoi, i, 103. 5, 130. 6,407 regique 12, 108 regia 11,8 regibus 3, 313. 13, 52 regimen 16, 54 regince 12, 3 regis 5, 161. 6, 525 661. 10, 161 regna 2, 149. 6, 224. 7, 201. 14, 328 regnatS, 119. 6, 149 regula 7, 230 regum 5, 58. 7, 45. 8, 90 260 repunt 9, 32 lei, from res, 8, 81 TBI, from reus, 15, 135 relatum 6, 554 relegit 6, 483 relicta 3, 69 relicta5, 76.7,3". 10,179. 14, 279 relicta; 14,93 relietis 6, 19.0. 14, 77 232 relicto6, 542 591. 7, 168 relictum 16, 12 relinquas 14, 263 relinques 8, 123 reiinquit 6, 224 relinquunt 12, 77 reliquis 6, 149. 10, 260 reliquite, 87. 8,95. 13, 16 rcliquos 14, 36 rem 3, 306.8, 215. 13, 143. 14, 92 Eemi 10, 73 rcmige 4<, 49. 9, 150 remigibuH 15, 22 remis 15, 12H rcmordent 2, 36 remota 10, 3 remotior 8, 178 remotu.H 12, 58 renato 14, 11 renovata 10, 243 reor 16, 87 repente 2, 83. 9, 8 repentibus 14, 208 reperta 11, 101 repetam 12, 87 repetas 8, 272 repetatur 15, 72 repetit 6, 226 4c3 repetita 7, 154 repetitus 6, 328 repeto 9, 22 reponam 1, 1 reponit3, 220. 6, 467 reportandis 7, 47 repugnet 6, 627 repulsa 10,326 reputal 6, 365 requiem 6, 106. 11, 182 requiris 6, 286 rerum 1, 127. 3,39.6,255 613. 7, 22 102. 8, 249. 12,52. 13, 18. 14, 112 res, .singular, 2, 102. 3, 23 155 165, 4, 35 55. 6, 230 357629 659. 7, 187- 8, 198. 9,95. 10, 340. 12, 10. 15,94. 16, 50 res, /V«ra/, 10, 80 163. 11, 130. 14, 261 rescribat 6, 141 rescribere 6, 234 resecantur 8, 166 residens 2, 57 resinata S, 114 resonant 15, 5 respectus 8, 64 respexit 7, 3 respice 2, 44. 3, 268. 5, 60. 6, 115. 8,91 respicere 10, 275 respiciat 3, 185 respicit 7, 141 respiret 14, 28 respondes 3, 295. 6, 394 respond it 13, 199 respousa 6, 585 reste 3, 226. 14, 274 restemque 10, 58 restibus 6, 30 rcsujiina 6, 126 resupinat 3, 1 12 resujiinati b, 176 retegantur 6, 278 retia 2, 148. 8, 204 retibus 5, 95 reticulis 12, 60 reticuiumquc 2, 96 retinere 2, 13s. 13, 201 rcverenda (J, 513 revcreutia2, 110.5,72. 14, 47 177 reversa 6, 312 reversi 3, 87 revert! 3, 301 4, 52. 11, 184. 14,281 revocabat 2, 30 revocante 1 , 27 revocata 6, 576 revoces 14, 231 revolvas 8, 272 reus 4, 105 res 1, 136. 5, 14 137. 10, 246. 14, 255 Rhadamanthus 13, 197 Eheno 8, 170 rhetor 1, 44.3, 76. 7, 198 rhetora 10, 132 rhetore 7, 197. 15, 112 rhetores 6, 438 rhetorica 7, 173 rhetoris 7, 217 rliinocerote 7, 130 Ehodios S, 113 Ehodopes 9, 4 Rhodos 6, 296 rhombi 4, 39 129 rhombum 4, 68 119 rhombus 11, 121 riotu 10, 272 rictum 10, 230 ride 6, 264 ridebat 10, 29 51 ridenda 10, 124 ridendaque 6, 461 ridens 6, 609 ridente 2, 13 ridere 6,343.8, 191 rides 3, 100 ridet 13, 172. 15, 71 ridicules 3, 153 ridiculum 11, 55 rigida; 6, 129 rigidi 10, 31 rima 3, 97 rimabitur (J, 551 rimtc 3, 195 rimas 9, 105 rimosa 3, 270 ripa 3, 117 ripa 3, 265. 10, V^ii ri])arum 5, 105 risu 10, 33. 13, 171 risuni 6, 71. 7, '212. 13.36. 15, 15 risu.-i 10, 4 7 rite 12, 86 ritu 10, 3.36 ritus 6, 335 ri vales 6, 1 15 livalibiiH 12. 126 rivalis (!, 2is rivi6, 4.30 rixa 3, 282 289 68 VERBAL INDEX rixip 3,288. 16, 52 rixiuitis 15, ()1 robiijinis 13, 148 robora 10, 145. 12, 9 robore li, 12 robumque 8, 155 robustior 10, 1!)/ rodebant 3, 207 rodit 5, 153 rogabat 6, 38G rogantcm 3, 210 roganti (5, 684 rogaris 9, 73 74 rogat 3, 300. 14, 302 rogatum 5, 144 rogatur9, 148 rogatns 7, 232 rogcs 9, 114 rogi 15, 140 rogus 10, 241 Roma 2, 39. 3,319. 4, 38. 7, 138. 8, 243 244. 10, 279 RointBa, 41 137 165 183. 5,90.7,4.8, 237. 11,46 Romam 3, 83 314.10,122. 11, 195 Komana 6, 295 Romanas 14, 100 Romano 3, 119 Romanorura 5, 58 Romanus 10, 138, 14, 160 Romulea; 11, 104 rossB 11, 122 rosaH 14, 254 rostra 10, 121 rota 13, 51 rotam 4, 134. 8, 148 rotant 6, 31 G rotas 10, 59 rotato 6, 449 rotis 10, 176 ruant 8, 77 Rube Hi 8, 39 rubentem 7, 196 rubenti 13, 37 rubet 1, 166.6,479 rubetai 6, 659 rubetam 1, 70 rabicundula 6, 425 ruborem 13, 242 rubra 5, 27 rubras 14, 192 Rubrenus 7, 72 Rubrius 4, 105 ructante 6, 10 ruetarit 4, 31 ructavit 3, 107 rude a'ljevlive, 6, 234 rude substanlivCj 6, 113 ru'Jem 7, 171 rudentes 6, 102 riides 1, 71 riulis n, 100 143 rucbant (i, 618 ruereiit 8, 93 Rufum 7, 213 214 ruga 13, 215 ruga) 6, 144. 9, 9 rugani 14, 325 rugas 10, 193 riigis 11, 186 ruina3, 196. 11, 13 ruiiiip 10, 107 ruiiiam 3, 190 ruit 10, 268 rumoresque 6, 408 rumoribus 9, 1 1 1 rumpe 7, 117 rumpere 5, 19 rumpit 10, 153 rumpuntur 6, 416 rupe 10,93. 11, 105 rupem 13, 246 ruperat 9, 75 rupcs 5, 93 rupibus 1, 8 rupta 6, 514 ruptfi 3, 149 ruptaque 4, 42 ruptie 1, 13 ruptis 15, 57 rupto5, 48. 6, 12. 14, 85 rura 14, 7o rure 6, 55 ruris 11,98. 14, 155 182. 16,36 rursiim 12, 76 rursiis 6, 155. 10, 150 rus 14, 141 rus.sati 7, 114 rustica 6, 66 rusticus 3, &7 176. 9, 60. 14, 25 rutila 14, 299 Rutihc 10,294 295 Rutilo 11, 5, 21 Rutilus 11,2. 14, 18 Rutilis 6, 637. 12, 105 Rutulum 1, 162. 7, 68 Rutupinove 4, 141 S. Sabbata6, 159. 14, 96 Sabellam 3, 169 Sabina3, 85.6, 164 Sabinas 10, 299 sacci 14, 269 sacculus 11,27. 14, 138 garcellin 10, 354 sacello 13, 232 saceriios 4, 10. 6, 544. Ifi, 141 sacra 2, 125. 6, 336. 12, 113. 13, 107 221. 14, 103 sacraj 13, 59 sacramentorum 16, 36 sacraria 6, 489 sacri 3, 13. 6, 22. 11, 29. 15, 4 116 sacrilega 13, 72 sacrilegus 8, 106. 13, 150 sacris 6, 536. 13, 19 sacro 1, 110. 12, 86 sacrorum 2, 113 sacrum 13, 15. 16, 38 ssEcula 3,313, 4,68. 6, 24 299. 10, 248, 13,28 8ffipe4, 1.6,76. 6, 10 147 601.9, 73 74, 11,9 flsepius 6, 657. 14, 174 sajva 4, 95. 13, 186, 14, 175 sspv-a 5,78, 8,223. 10,307. 13, 170, 15, 17 Sffiva? 3, 8 Sffivas 7, 229, 10, 166 ssevior 4, 109. 6, 292. 13, 196. 15, 115 sajvire 10, 180. 14, 18 saevis 15, 164 ssevissima6, 641. 10, 328 sfEvit 5, 94. 15, 54 126 Sffivitiffi 4, 151 SEevitiam 4, 86 soevo 10,236 ssevos 7, 151, 14, 148 Rsevosque 10, 361 saevus 10, 126 saga 6, 591 saginia 4, 67 sagittae6, 139. 7, 156 sagittas 6, 172 sagittis 15, 74 Saguntina 5, 29 Saguntus 15, 114 Salamine 10, 179 Saleio 7, 80 salibus 9, II salicti 11, 67 salientibus 6, 699 Salios 6, 604 salit 7, 160 saliva 6, 623 8altante6, 63 318 saltantem 5, 121 saltatus 15, 49 saltern 6, 335.9, 148 saltu 8, 225, 11, 126. 14, 82 TO JUVENAL. 60 saltus7, 189. 10, iy4 saha 5, 7'2 salva 6, 231. U, 204 salve 8, 26 salvis 1, 48. 6, 30.9, 131 salutari 10, 90 salutat S, 161 salutato 1, 116 salutatrix 5, 21 salutem 12, 49 salutes 3, 184 salutet 3, 130 Samia 16, 6 Samo 3, 70 Samothracura 3. 144 Sana 6, 652. 7, 60. 10, 356 sanabile 15, 34 sanant 7, 170 sancta 8, 127 sanctam 14, 6S sanctas 15, 10 sancti 7, 209 sanctissima 1, 112 sanctissimus 4, 79 sanctos 10, 298 sanctum 3, 109 137 sanctumque 13, 64 sanetus 8, 24 sandapilarum 8, 175 sane ], 42. 4, 16. 5, 123. 9, 46. 10, 183. 12, 1^4. 15, 44 61. sanguine 4, 10. 6, 625. 8, 2 27 40 42 136 219. 10, 121 301. II, 6 62. 15, 6S 92 sanguinis 1,42. 10,165.11, 64 68. 14, 164 sancTiis 10, 217. 12, 13. 13, 179 sanna 6, 306 sano 6, 235. 10, 356 Santonico 8, 145 sanus G, 28 sapiat 11,81 sapiens 6, 444. 7, 191 sapientia 13, 20 189. 14, .321 sapientibus 10, 28 sapito, 170. 11, 121 sarcina 2, 103 sarcinulas (>, 146 sarr-iniilis 3, 161 sarcopliatjo 10, 1 72 «urciila3, 311. 15, 166 Sardanapali 10, 362 sartlnnyiie 7, 144 sardnnyclics 6, 382 Kanldiiychus 13, 139 Sarniata 3, 79 Harmentua 5, 3 sarraca 5, 23 sarraco 3, 255 Sarrana 10, 38 sartee 3, 254 sartago 10, 64 satelles 4, 116 satiata 6, 130 satira 6, 634 satiram 1,30. 4, 106 sat'arum 3, 321 satis 3, 181. 8, 71. 14, 182 233 satius 7, 13.8, 196 satur 7, 62 saturabat 14, 166 saturam 15, 3 saturant 8, 118 Saturni 6, 570 Saturno 6, 1 Satumus 13, 40 saucius 5, 27 Saufeia6, 320. 9, 117 Sauromataique 15, 125 Sauroraatas 2, 1 saxa 1, 83. 3, 257-6, 649. 10, 164. 13, 231. 15, 19 63 saxis 10, 144 saxum4, 141. 13, 51. 16, 38 scabie 2, 80.5, 153 scabieque 8, 34 scalarum 7, 118 scalpit 10, 195 scalpunt 9, 133 Scantinia lex 2, 44 scaphium 6, 264 scapulis 9, 68 Scaurorum 6, 604 Scauros 2, 35. 11, 91 scelere 13, 6. 15, 89 sceleri 13, 29. 15, 129 sceleris 13, 105. 14, 224 sceicrum 13, 157. 14, 173 scelus 6, 651. 10, 340. 13, 209 237. 14, 188. 15, 29 30 Hcena S, 220 scena'que 8, 118 sccptro 10, 43 schfEnobatos 3, 77 sciat 6, 450. 13, 76 sciet9, 108. 10, 342 scilicet 2, 122. 5, 76. 6, 239 341 635. 7, 159. 14, 15(; scindens 7, 177 scinduritur 3, 254 scintiilaH 14, 244 Hcio 7, 158. 9, 97 Scipiadoe 2, 164 scire 3, 113. 9, 1 scis 9, 73 scissa 3, 148 scissaque 10, 262 scit 7, 43. 11, 24 scobis 14, 67 scopulis 10, 170 scopulos 10, 153 scopulosque 13,246 scorti 3, 135 scribe 14, 192 scribendi 1, 152. 7, 52 scribente 4, 106 scribere 1, 30 scriberis 9, 87 scribet 3, 241 scribitur 3, 161 scrinia 6, 278 scripsit 8, 221 scripta 6, 277 scripto 6, 205 scriptores 7, 99 scripturus 11,8 scriptus 1 , 6 scrobe 14, 170 scrofa 12, 73 scrofa6, 177 scrutante 5, 95 serutare 2, 45 scurra 4, 31.13, III scutica 6, 480 scutoque 6, 248 scutulata 2, 97 scutum 8, 123 Scyilam 15, 19 Scythica? 11, 139 fftavTtf 11,27 secantem 14, 155 secat 10, 316 secatur 11, 135 secessus 3, 5 secetur 5, 124 secreta3, 113. 6, 190 314 403.9,23 53.10,89 337 secreta 2,91 secreti 3, 52 secreto 1 , 95 sccretum 9, 96 102 secretuinque 6, 608 Kecretus 6, 237 sectoe 14, 122 sectile 3, 293 sectivi 14, 133 secto 6, 106 sectum 13, 117. 16, 78 secuit 6, 614 secum 3,64 75.6,468. 13, 91 secunda H, 253. 10, 63 8ecuiidir9, 31. 1(», 247 >?ecundi 7, 204 70 VERl^AL INDEX secumli 9, 107. secuiulo 1(), 3 seeiu;i ;< -liil. 10, 7ft secures ^, l;?7. 1"2, (Jl. sccuri, af{/Wfire, 12, H2 securis, siibs/a/iticc, 8,2G8. 10,59 securos 3, 196 socurum 8, 171- 9, 144 securus 1, 1G2. C, 62. 14, 213 secutor 8, 210 sedeant 3, 155 sedeat 6, 203. 10, 213 sedebat 4, 74. 7, 223 sedem 3, 2 sedens 7, 127 152 sedentes 7, 43 sedentis 10, 93 eedes, )W)in, 12, 71 sedet 1,9G. 2,120. 3,265. 6, 101. 8, 190. 10, IGl 333. 11, 193 sedisti 7, 223 sedit 4, 76. 8, 63 seditione 2, 24. 15, 64 feges 7, 103. 14, 143 eegmenta 2, 124 eegmentatis G, 89 segnipedes 8, 67 Sejano 10, 89 Sejanum 10, 76 104 Sejanus 10, 03 CO 90 Seioque 4, 13 Seleucus 10, 211 sella 7, 142 sella 3, 136 fiellam 1, 124. 6,353 sellas 10, 91 seinel 3, 134. 4, 143. 6, 521. 13, 242 semestri 7, 89 semesum 5, 167 semianimum 4, 37 Semiramis 2, 108 semita 10, 303 semivir 6, 513 semodio 14, G7 semper 1, 1 3 13 bl 104. 6, lOD 178 263 273 304 300 380 453. 10, 73 244 297. 13, 190. 14, 14 205 267 268 semperque 3, 50. 6, 272. 14, 118 senator! 6, 82 senatu 8, 93 senatus 11, 29 77 Seneca 5, 109 Senecae 10, 16 Senccam 8, 212 scnccta; 13, 59 scncctus 1, 144. 3, 20. 4, 81 97. 5, 34. 7, 35. 9, 129 139. 10,75 190. 11, 45. 13, 214. 14, 251 snneni 14, 4 senescant 10, 246 scnescit 7, 62 senex 2, 112. 3, 11/. 13, 185. 14,57 181 senibus G, 100 senior 0, 215 58". 13, 33 senis, r/e»i(ivp, 4, 19, G, 022. 8, 153 Senonumque 8, 234 senserat 0, 116 senserit 15, 90 sensit 14, 311 sensum 15, 146 sensus 8, 73. 10, 240. 15, 133 sententia 2, 62. 4, 136. 6, 498. 8, 125. 14, 205 sentiat 10, 215 sentina 6, 99 sentio 7, 50 sentire 12,98. 13, 6 238 sentirent 15, 42 sentit 2, 153. 6, 302 senucrunt 0, 59 senuiii 10, 198 separat 15, 142 septa 5, 81 septera 1, 94, 0, 642 twice. 12, 59. 14,324 Septembri 14, 130 Septembris 0, 517 septenis 0, 183 septima 14, 105 Septimus 14, 10. 15, 44 sepulcri 0, 230 sepulcris 10, 146 sequantur 4, 135. 14, 39 sequar 12, FO sequatur 13, 90 sequitur 3, 245 250, 6, 100. 10, 73 117 scquiturque 1,121 sequuntur 10, 58 sequutus 1, 104 seram, substantive, 6, 347 sereno 13, 228 serenum 7, 179 Seres 0, 403 Sergiolus 6, 106 Sergius 6, 112 seria 11, 93 Seripho 6, 5G4. 10, 170 senno 2, 14. 3, 73. 6, 193. 8, 39 sermone 6, 189 449 scrmoncni 3, 8? sermonts 10, 88. 14, 152 sero 1, 109 gerpens (!. 432 538. 8,214. 14, 114 serpente 14, 74 serpentibus 5, 91. 15, 3 serpontum 15, 159 Serrano 7, 80 serta9, 128 sertaque 12, 84 Sertorius 0, 142 servabat 3, 206. 4, 59 111 servant 14, 101 servantur 8, 2.08. 14, 304 servare 2, 7. 6, 664. 11, 83. 14, 129 262 eervas 9, 54 servat 3, 143. 4, 60. 7, 138 servata 12, 6 servata 6, 453 servatffi 1 1, 71 servato 16, 16 Fervatum 4, 08. 10, 286 servatur 5, 71 servavit3, 139. 9, 80 servet 14, 1 13 serviS, 131. 0.279. 7, 141. 9, 103 120 123. 10, 87 servilia 10, 319 servire 7, 41. 10, 184. 12, 100 serviret 4, 38 servis, noun, 3, 189. 5, 66. 6, 331. 7,201 servitii 3, 125 serve 1,9.3. 0, 219. 9,6 servorum 3, 10,'. 0. 232. 9, 08. 10, 234. 12, 116. 14, 10 1 20 300 servos 3, 141. C, 511. 11, 189 servulus 3, 253. 14, 07 servum 8, 179 servus 6,219 222. 8,260. 9, 45. 10, 42 sestertia 1, 92. 2, 117. 4, 16 29. 7, 180.9, 41. 13, 71 setse 2, 1 1 Setina 13, 213 Setinis 5, 34 Setinum 10, 27 sevcri 2, 131 severos 11, 91 severum 14, 110 sex 3, 203. 4, 15. 7, 166 sexagesimus 14, 197 sexaginta 13, 17 sexccntis 7, 178 sexta 1, 61. 7, 160 TO JUVENAL. 71 sextam 11, 206 sextarius 6, 427 Sexte 2, 21 Sestus 6, 192 sexu 2, 48. 6, 253 sexum 6, 648 sexus6, 135 341. 11, 167 si 1, 74 79. 2, 69. 6, 1 3 159 171 si qua 2, 157. 7, 22 si quando 3, 173. 5, 40. 8, SO. 12, 23 si quid 4, 53. 5, 126. 6, 250. 8,36 8i quis 7, 238. 8, 111 si quod 8, 110 sibi 1, 140. 4, 22. 13, 46 sibique 10, 201 Sibylla; 3, 3. 8, 126 sic 3, 194 Sicambris 4, 147 sicca 10, 113. 15, 122 siccabis 5, 47 sicca; 8, 35. 9, 12 siccandam 3, 32 sifcat 5, 101 siccato 13, 44 siecatum 1 1, 75 siccentur 16, 27 sicci 11, 82 siccis 13, 212 sicco 6, 148 siccum 1, 45 siccus 7, 119 Sicuia6, 4:6. 13, 50 Siculo 5, 100 Siculos 9, 150 Sic»lus 7, 236 sicut 2, 79 Sicvone 3, 69 sidera7, 195.8, 149.9,33. 11, 63. 13,47 sidere 12, 103. 16, 4 sideribus 5, 22 sidus 6, 569. 7, 200 Bigna3,2in. S, 12. 15,157 signabat 9, 76 signabit 3, H2 signare H, 142 sienatffi 2, 119 signatam 14, 132 signator 1, 67 signatoribm 10, 336 HJgnurit 3, 271 signinurn 1 1 , 73 sigiiis 16, 17 signiHquc H, 102. 14, 307 signorum 16, 55 lignum 6, 165. 8, 110 Sii.Tnuin H, 27 silent 7, 169 silet 6, 238 silicem 3, 272. 6, 350 siligine 5, 70 siliginis 6, 472 siliquas 11, 58 silva3, 16. 9, 13 Silvano 6, 447 silvanim 1, 135. 7, 58 silvas 15, 152 silvestrem 6, 5 silait3, 304 siluro 14, 132 siluros 4, 33 simiaS, 214.10, 195.13,156 similem 2,6. 8,271. 14,51 similes 2, 33. 15, 131 similesque 3, 177 simili 13, 135 similis 5, 132. 6, 7 653. 8, 270, 12, 29. 15, 160 similisque 11, 192. 12, 10 simiilima 6, 165 simillimus 8, 53 simplex 6, 234 327 simplexne 1, 92 simplicibus 3, 192 simplicitas 1, 153. 2, 18. 6, 206. 13, 35 simpuvium 6, 343 simul 5, 142 simulabitur 6, 324 simulacra 11, 104. 12, 88 simulant 2, 3 simulat 6, 271 simultas 15, 33 simus 5, 18 sinciput 13, 85 sine 7, 207. 8, 104. 10, 112 209. 13, .03. 14,69. 15,54 sinebant 6, 288 sinistra 14, 1 sinistri 6, 256 sinistro2, 87. 10, 129 sinu 6, 607 sinus 1, 88 150. 4, 41. 7, 112. 9, 33 sinfis 12, 81 sipario 8, 186 siphonibus 6, 310 siquidem 6, 621. 12, 107 Sirena 14, 19 sis 2, 9. 8, 81 269. 11, 33 60 110 sistrf) 13, 93 sit 10, 313 sitii n.s 6, 426 sitiente 1, 70. 12, 45 sities 5, 60 sjtis 10, MO. 14, 318 sive 2, 118. 10, 211 322 tvirc. 1 1 , 2K socialibus 5, 31 sociis 8, 99 108 socio 10, 254 sociorum 8, 89 136 soeios 10, 222 Socratici 14, 320 Socraticos 2, 10 socru 6, 231 sodales 11, 190 sodes 6, 280 sol 3, 310. 15, 44 sola 3, 201. 6, 68. 8, 20. 10, 172. 12,113. 13,208 sola 10, 218 solaque 4, 3 solam 14, 107 solatia 13, 120 179 solatur 6, 384 sole 2, 133. 12, 70 solea 6, 612 soleat 7, 54 solebaut 12, 107 solebas 9, 25 solebat 4,32. 5,44 109. 8, 245. 10, 33. 11,115 solem7, 183. 11,203. 14, 280 solenne8, 11 192 solennibus 10, 259 Solent 14, 266 soleo 9, 138 solars 9, 65 solet 3, 286. 6,415.7,131. 8, 48. 11, 10 185. 13, 103 soli, a^//w/«w, 9,93. 12,124. 15, 143 solibus 4, 43 solida 11,205 solidae 5, 68 solidam 5, 13 solidum 10, 176 soils, suf/sfa/itire, 13, 178 solis, adjective, 2, 89. 11, 108. K!, 51 soliti 2, 92. 14, 100 solito 11, 88 solitoqUL' 6, 487 solitum8, 142. 15, 127 solitus5, 106. 10, 180. 13, 1.53, 14, 129 soUicitas 7, 42 sollicitcnius !(!, 28 sollieitent 9, 37 sollicitus 5, 20. 13, 67 solo 2, 58. 5, 150. 6, 510. 7, 63. 11,11 soltccisinum (>, 456 Solonis 10, 274 solos 14, 104. 15, 37 solstitia 4, 93 7-2 VERBAL INDEX sol vat H, 60 solvere 7, 167 solveret 2, 33 sol vet 8, 164 solvite 14, 292 solvitur 6, 73 soliiin, sulifmifive, 11, 49 solum, cit//cc//re, 3, 6. 5, 111. 7," 114. 10, 189 solus 3, 122. 7, 2. 8, 260. 11, 62. 14, 169. 15, 2(J soluta 13, J IG solutum 9, 79 solvunt 14, 199 SolyiiKirnm G, 644 somni G, 41G 478 somnique G, 289 somnia 6, 547 somnis 13, 221 somno 3, 56 soranoque 6, 424 soninos 15, 154 somnum 3, 234 238 242 282. 6, 19. 14, 222. sonabat 1, 25. 10, 226 sonant 6, 68. 7, 108 sonantem 6, 92 sonare 15, 51 sonat 3, 91 262. G, 517. 11, 141 sonorum 13, 16/ sonuit 6, 660 sonus 9, 78 sophista; 7, 167 Sophocleo 6, G36 soporem 13, 217 Sorffi 3, 223 sorbeat 6, 306 sorbere 14, 255 sonles 1,140.5, 11.14,124 sordidula 3, 149 sorori 6, 111 168 sororibus 6, 152. 10, 242 sororis 6, 86. 14, 284 sororem 6, 566 sorores 6, 20 sortes 6, 583 sortesque 1 , 82 sortis 12,25 sortita est 6, 505 sortiti 14, 96. 15, 144 sortitus 8, 179. 13, 49 sospes 13, 178 Sostratus 10, 178 spado 1,22. 6,376. 14,91 spargat 6, 528 spargatque 7, 180 spargendusque 12, 8 spargere 9, 84 Spartana 8, 101 Spartani 8, 218 Spartano 13, 199 8p;Uia 10, 275 spatiosum 4, 132 spatium 3, 269. 4, 39. 6, 605 582. 10, 188 358 specie 10, 310. 14, 109 spectubile 8, 110 spectacula 6, 61. 8, 206. 11, 191 spectandaque 1 1 , 35 spectandus 10, (i7 spectant 4, 64. 6, 652 spectantia 15, 147 spectantibus 2, 147 sped are 1 , 66 spectas 14, 258 spectat 8, 190 spectatos 6, 371 speetent 11, 199 201 speetentiir 13, 172 spectes 6, 121 spectet 6, 352 specularilius 4, 21 ppeculum 2, 99 103 spelunca 6, 3 speluncas 3, 17 speluncis 6, 59 spem 6, 331 sperantibus 4, 57. sperare 1, 58. 6, 106 388. 10, 207. 13, 234. 14, 6 sperat 3, 266. 12, 120 spernant 14, 34 spes 1, 134. 5, 166. 7, 1 30.9, 125 134 147. 12, 70. 14,278 spicula 13, 79 spira 8, 208 spirant 2, 41. 7, 111 spirante 9, 67 spiranfesque 7, 208 .S])irat 6, 463 spoliaS, 107 spoliare 14, 237 spoliatis 8, 124 spoliator 1, 46 spoliet 3, 302 spoliis 6,210 232 spolium 2, 100 106 spondere 13, 232 ppondet C, 648. 7, 134 sponssE 1, 78 sponsalia 6, 25 sponsio 1 1, 200 sponsus 3, 1 1 1 sponte 14, 107 sportula 1, 95 118 128. 3, 249. 10, 46. 13, 33 spreti 6, 22G spumant 6, .303 spumanti 9, 35 spuinantibus 13, 14 ppuroos 6, 603 squallentes 8, 17 squalliila 9, 16 squallidus 1 1 , 80 squalloremque 15, 135 squama! 4, 25 squilla 5, 81 stabant 7, 226 stabat 8, 100. 11, 118 stagna 12, 81 sti.mine 2, 65. 10,252. 14, 249 staminis 12, 65 stans 7, 152. 11, 170 staiite 6, 65 stantem 1, 76 staiites 1, 156. 6,291. 8,3 stantibus 7, 11. 9, 131 stantis 3, 237 stares, 138 starique 3, 290 Stat 3, 290. 6,. 605. 7, 125 statione 6, 274 stationes 11,4 Statius 7, 83 statua 7, 128 statua; 10, 58 statuamque8, 143. 13, 119 stemmata 8, 1 stemmate 8, 40 Stentora 13, 112 stercore 14, 64 steriles2, 140. 6, .596 sterili 7, 49. 12, 97 sterilis 6, 140. 10, 145 sterilisque 7, 203 . sterneret 6, 5 steniitur 10,335 sternuntur 16, 45 sterterc 1, 57 steterat 10, 239 stetit 1, 149. 6,390. 16,91 Stheuobopa 10, 327 stigraate 10, 183 stillantis 6, 109 stillaret 5, 79 stillavit 3, 122 stimulante 14, 84 stimulat 7, 20 stimulos 10, 329 stipulare 7, 166 stlataria 7, 134 StoVca 13, 121 Stoicidce 2, 65 StoVcus3, 116. 15, 109 stomacho 3, 234. 6, 100. 11, 128 stomachum 4, 67 stomachus 5, 49 TO JUVENAL. 73 stragemque 8, 261 strangulat 10, 13 strata 9, 52 Stratocles 3, 99 stratum 10, 175 stratus 8, 78 strepitu 2, 52. 7, 137. 14, 19 strictisque 6, 401 Ptricto 1, 165. 5, 169 stridebat 4, 58 strid^ntem 14, 280 stridere 5, 160 stridore 14, 23 stridunt 10, 61 striglibus 3, 263 stringit 8, 148 structor 11, 136 .structorem 5, 120 strumosum 10, 309 studiis 7, 17 studiorum 7, 1 stulta 1, 17. 6, 43 stultum 14, 235 stupeas 6, 87 stupet 13, 16 stupidi 8, 197 stupuit 4, 119. 13, 164 Stygio 2, 150 suadendum 10, 330 suaderet 13, 203 suades 9, 125 suadet 14, 23 suasi 14, 225 sub 3, 205. 4, 12 84. 6, 15. 7, 13 09. 10,69. 12,103. 14, 42. 15, 26 subdueere 11, 142 subductis 8, 77 subduximus 1, 15 subeant 6, 144. 14,202 subeantur 16, 2 euberant 4, 60 subeunt 6, 692. 7, 34. 14, 33 Bubeunte 3, 28 subeuntem 6, 652 subeuntur 16, 2 Bubjecta 10, 56 8ubit2, 50. 6, 419. 14,221 subito^ 1, 144 subitas 13, 167 Bubiti 3, 273. 6, 520 subito 3, 169 subitum 6, 65 Bubitura 4, 10 subituH 3, 305 subitusque 4, l.i3. 12, 19 Bublata 5, H3 Bubligar 6, 70 sublimem 10, 27 sublimia 7, 28 sublimibus 3, 269 sublimior IJ , 24 sublimis 11, 123. 12, 72 sublimius 8, 232 submissa 1, 36 submittat 6, 334 submitte 6, 207 submitteret 12, 54 submoveant 1, 37 subraoveor 3, 124 submovet 14, 186 subnectere 3, 315 subrepta 5, 152 subrepti 9, 116 subridens 2, 38 subsellia7,45 86. 16, 14 44 subsidant 6, 198 8ubsidtre 6, 411 subsidiis 15, 73 sub.sistere 14, 231 substitit 3, 11 substringit 6, 433 subterranea 2, 149 subtexit 7, 192 subtrahitur 6, 650 subvexit 5, 89 Subura 10, 156. 11,51 141 Subuiffi 3, 5. 5, 106 succensus 7, 40 succincta 8, 162 Ruccinctus 4, 24 succingere 6, 446 succurrere 6, 443 suci 11, 76 sucida 5, 24 sucira 6, 573. 9, 50 sudana 4, 108. 10, 41 sudant 1, 167- 6, 259 sudantibus 1, 28 sudare 6, 420 sudat 3, 103 sudavit 2, 126 sudes 4, 128 sudibus 6, 248 Hudoribus 13, 220 suetus 10, 231 suffecerat 14, 298 snffecerit 10, 32 sufffcit 14,319 suffer re 1, 29 Hufliceret 15, 80 sufficiat 14, 317 suflicient 7, 187. 9, 146. 13, 300 329 suiTicit 3, 1.55. 5, 7. 6, 53. 9, 66. 10, 40 1()H. 13, 160 183. 14, 141 172. 15, 169 sufliciunt 3, 179. 8, 257. 11, 6 *K fufiQamine 8, 148. 16, 60 Kuffragia 8, 211. 10, 77 sui 3,^194. 10, 192. 11,35 se 1, 67 secum 13, 91 sese 2, 165 .'juillam 14, 98 suis 11, 82. 14,307 sulcis 14, 241 sulco 14, J 70 sulcos 7, 48 sulcum 1, 157 Sullse 1, 16. 2, 28 Sulmouensi 6, 187 salphura 2, 158. 6, 48 sulphure 13, 145 sum 6, 284 sumas 2, 66. 3, 56 surae 14, 326 sumen 12, 73 sumendas 12, 61 sumente 6, 634 sumere 3, 105. 6, 118. 9, 97. 10, 99 sumeret 13, 39 sumes 10, 26 sumet 2, 70. 8, 162 sumine 1 1, 138 sumit2, 124. 3,67172. 9, 19. 11, 23 sumitque 5, 128 sumito 8, 134 sumitur 3, 181. 5, 97. 6, 264 578 summa5, 2 18. 6, 369. 7, 155. 8, 249 Fumma 14, 87. 15, 85 summa, nuksfa/if/ve, 14, 218 Kummam, .substantive, 3,79. 11, 17. 13, 74. 14, 323 summam, adjective, 13, 132 summas 10, 91 summi 1, 5 38. 2, 104 105. 6, 545. 10, 268 summique 6, 179 summis 3, 179. 6, 349 646. 8, 112. 11, 36 summo 1, 14. 4,46.10,136 147 summos 10, 49 summula 7, 174 sumraum 6, 423. 8, 83. 14, 289 sinnmunK|ue 6, 532 suninuis 1, 117. 6, 99. 10, 110. 15,35 sumscrit 6, 266 sumsit 3, 80 sum tarn 4, 30 sumtis 14, 76 sumto 6, 330 74 VEKHAl. INDKX 8umt03 16, 40 sumtu 7, 77 siiintus 7, 186 suinunt 2, 84. 6, 285 sunt 13, S(i suo 12, 69 supellex 3, 14. 11, 9i) super 3, 134 240 258. 13, 42. 15, 14 28 superaverat 12, 68 superbi 6, 524 superbis 5, 66 puperbo 6, 180 supcrbum 8, 71- 11> 129 superbus 12, 125. 14, 282 supercilio 2, 15. 5, 62 supercilium 2, 93. 6, 169 superest 1, 35. 3, 27 259. 5, 73. 6, 365. 9, 134. 11, 48. 13, 109 237 supcros 6, 19. 13, 75 supersint 8, 184 supersit 11, 205 supersunt 8, 124 supervacua 10, 54 supervacuam 2, 116 supervacui 13, 137. 16, 41 supina 8, 201 supino 1, 66 supinum 14, 190 supinus 3, 280 supplicia 15, 130 supplieio 8, 213 supplicium 6, 220 suppositos 6, 602 suppositumque 10, 176 suppositus 1, 98 sur;e 16, 14 surda 7, 71 surdo 9, 1.50. 13, 194 surdum 13, 249 surgat 3, 154. 7, 183 surgebant 4, 70 surgere 15, 123 surgis 7, 115 surgit 6, 529. 7, 100. 10, 43. 11, 127. 12, 23 surgitur 4, 144 surrexerit 14, 243 suspecta 10, 208. 12, 93 sospectis 11, 186 suspectumque 9, 57 suspectus 3, 222 suspende 8, 230. 9, 85 suspendit 6, 437 suspicit 13, 123 suspirat 1 1, 152 sustinet 3. 93. 4, 40. 11, 122. 14, 127 nustinuit 6, 105. 15, 88 susurro 4, 110 sutor 3, 294 siittiris 5, 46 suuni 13, 198 Svbaris 6, 296 Syenes 11, 124 Syphaeem 6, 1 70 Syria>que 8, 169 Svriumque 11, 73 syrma 8, 229 syrmata 15, 30 Syrophtrnix 8, 159 160 Syroruni 6, 351 Syrus 3, 62 T. Tabella 6, 558 tabella 10, 157. 12, 27 tabellfE 7, 23. 9, 36 tabellas 6, 277. 8, 142 tabellis 6, 200 233. 12, 100. 13, 136 taberna 13, 45 taberna) 1, 105. 2, 42. 3, 304 Tabraca 10, 194 tabula 8, 6. 9, 41. 14, 289 tabula 1,90. 2, 119 tabulam 2, 28 tabulas 2, 58. 6, 601. 9, 75. 12, 123. 14, 55 tabulata3, 199. 10, 106 tabulisl,68. 4,19. 8, 102 tace 2, 61. 8, 97 taceant 9, 103 115 tacendfB 4, 105 tacendi 2, li tacendis 3, 50 taceo 13, 127 taces 9, 26 tacet G, 439 tacetis 5, 169 taeita 1, 167 tacito 11, 185 taciturn 13, 209 tacitus 9, 94 tacitusque 3, 297 taetum 2, 93 tffida 12, 59 taeda 1, 155. 2,91 ta;dia 7, 34. 11, 207. 16, 44 Taedia 2, 49 taedis 2, 158 Tagi 3, 55 Tagus 14, 299 tale 4, 22. 15, 14 115 talem2, 69. 4, 46. 8, 179 talenta 14, 274 tales 8, 203. 10, 193. 11, 99 180 tali 5, 1 73 talia2, 19 91. 12, 23. 14, 150 225 talibus 11,42. 14,210. 15, 93 talis 2, 156. 11, 207. 12, 103. 13, 47. 14, 166 talo 7, 16 tarn 3, 137. 12, 23 tamcn 1, 19. 3, 98 tamquam 3, 47 222. 5, 127. 6, 431 Tanaquil 6, 566 tandem 6, 361. 13, 238 248 tangat 14, 44 tangens 14, 219 tangunt 13, 89 tanta6, 440 501. 10, 306. 15, 120 tanta 7, 84 tantaque 7, 85 tanti 3, 54. 4, 26. 6, 137 178 626. 10, 97 166 343. 13, 96. 14, 290 tantine 5, 9 tantis6, 161. 12, 114. 14, 303 tanto 4. 18. 8, 140. 10, 140. i4, 27 264. 15,89 tantum 2, 127. 3, 144. 5, 165. 6, 373 595 twice. 8, 240. 10, 40 80. 14, 169 233 tantum 1, 1 131 136. 7,34. 10, 238 tantumdem 3, 298, 10, 91 tarda 10, 186 tardas 14, 248 tarde 6, 477 tardos 4, 44 tardumque 15, 82 tardus 4, 107 Tareutum 6, 297 Tarpeiaque 13, 78 Tarpeio 12, 6 Tarpeium 6, 47 Tatio 14, 160 Taurea 6, 492 Taurica 15, 116 tauro 8, 82 TauromenitansR 5, 93 taurus 12, 11 te 8, 68 74 teeta 6, 289. 8, 77 tectis 3, 269 tectoque 3, 211 tectoria 6, 467 tectorum 3, 8 tectum 6, 304. 15, 154 TO JUVENAL. /o tegant 9, ]05 teges, verb, 9, 101 tegete 9, 140 tegetera 6, 117 tegetis, noun, 5, 8. 7, 221 tegi 14, 186 tegit 11, 158 tegitur 1, 171. 5, 154 tegimen 6, 257 tegnla 3, 201 tegunt 16, 48 tela, neuter, 10, 164. 13, 232. 15, 65 tela 14, 61 Telamonem 14, 214 Telephus 1, 5 teli 15, 53 tellure 3, 89 telorum 13, 83 temeraria 5, 102 temerarius 5, 129. 14, 275 temetum 15, 25 temone 4, 126. 10, 135 tempero 3, 287 tempesta? 12, 24. 13, 228 tempestate 4, 140. 6, 26. 7, 2 164. 12, 61, 14, 302 tempestatibus 15, 20 templa 15, 42 templi 13, 147 templis 8, 143. 10,23. 12, 7. 13, 37 templisque 8, 233 templo 1, 113. 9, 24. 13, 205 templorum 11, 111 templum 13, 219 tempora 2, 38. 3, 124. A, 151. 6,571. 8, 145. 10, 254. 11, 118. 12, 62. 14, 130 157 tempore 3, 53 102. 4, 115 135. 6, 22. 9, 16. 10, 263. 11, 144 152. 13, 211. 16,38 68 temporibus 4, 80. 6, 645. 10, 15. 13, 29 temporis 7, 99. 9, 125 tempus 2, 115. 8, 150. 16, 41 ten' 13, 140 tenax H, 25 tendf 6, 52 tendit 10, 154 tenditur 6, 426 teneam 5, 58. 13, 94 teneat I, 23 31 tenebat 1, 61. 6, 668 tencbit 14,297 tenebrif 12, 18 fenebrad 3, 225 te-nent 6, 70 tenentis 3, 89. 14, 63 tenentur 3, 306 tener 1, 22. 5, 70. 6, 383. 9, 46 tenerae 2, 86 teneri 6, 410. 15, 158 teneris 12, 39. 14, 215 teneros 7, 237 tenerum 6, 548. 8, 16 tenet 2, 99. 5, 31 39. 6, 383 454. 7, 50 51. 10, 41 154. 16, 54 tenso 14, 281 tensura 7, 117 tenta, verb, 7, 175 tentare 10, 305 tentarent 7, 5 tentaveris 5, 126 tentes 3, 297 tentigine 6, 129 Tentj-ra 15, 35 76 tenue9, 31. 10, 2G9 tcnuem 7, 207 tenues 3, 163 227. 8, 120. 15, 101 tenui, a Thulo 15, 112 tliura 12, 90. 1;^, IIG thure 9, 137 Thyesta> 8, 228 Tlnmele 1, :^G. (>, GO tti-ne Thymeles 8, 197 thvrsunique (5, 70 tlivrsunive 7, 60 tiara G, 516. 10, 267 Tiberi 6, 523. 7, 121 Tiberim 3, 62. 14, 202 Tiberinum 8, 265 Tiberinus 5, 104 tibi 5, 118 tibia 6, 314 tibicina 2, 90 tibicineS, 63 193. 15, 49 Tiburis 3, 192. 14, 87 Tiburtino 1 I, 65 Tigellinum 1, 155 tigiUo 7, 46 tignum 3, 246 tigride 6, 270. 15, 163 tigris 8,36. 15, 163 time 10, 26 timeam 1, 103 timearis 3, 57 timeas 3, 310 timeat 6, 51 timebis 5, 172. 10, 20 timemus 10, 4 timtndas 2, 31 timendus 4, 153 timent 6, 95 timeo 10, 84 timeret 6; 17. 11, 92 timeri 3, 113 timet 1,35. 3, 190. 15, 119 tiriietui- 13, 227 timidum 6, 524 timidus 6, 633 timer 1, 85 timuit 3, 190 tinea 7, 26 tintinnabula 6, 441 Tiresiam 13, 249 tirouem 16, 3 tirunculus 11, 143 Tirynthius 11, 61 Tisiphoiie 6, 29 Titan 14, 35 Titanida 8, 132 Titio 4, 13 titubantibiis 15, 48 tituli 8, 241 titulique 10, 143 tituli-' 5, 110. 8, 69 fitulo 6, 230. 11, 86 titulos 1, 130. 14, 291 tituluiii 6, 123 tituliimque 5, 34 toga 1, 119. 3, 149.8, 240 toga 10, 8 togaj 9, 29. 10, 39 togam 2, 70. 3, 172. 11, 204 togatas I, 3 togata 8, 49 togatte 1, 96 togati 7, 142 togatus 3, 127. 16, 8 toierabilc 6, 613. 7, 69 toleranda 6, 184 tolerant 6, 593 tollas8, 122. 10, 142 tollatar 6, 364 telle 6, 170 tollendus 14, 268 tolientibiis 1, 81 toll ere «, 38 toilet 14, 247 toUi 2, 101 tollis 9, 84 tollit 6, 321 tollite 9, 105 tollunt 13, 147 tolluntur 6, 155 tomacula 10, 355 tonantem 13, 153 tonat 13, 224. 14, 295 tondendum 6, 378 tondente 1, 25. 10, 226 Tongilli 7, 130 tonitrua 5, 117 tonsi 11, 149 tonsore 6, 26 tonsoris 6, 373 tophum 3, 20 toris 1, 136 tormenta 9, 18. 14, 135 tormentis 6, 209 tormentum 2, 137 toro 3, 82. 13, 218. 15, 43 torpente 10, 203 torqueat 1,9, 3, 27. 6,450 torquentem 13, 165 torquere 5, 155. 15, 64 torqueas, verb, 5, 26 torquet 6, 624. 14, 251 torquetis 2, 56 torquibus 16, 60 torrens6, 319. 10,9,13, 70 torrente 5, 105 torrentem 4, 90. 10, 128 torrentior 3, 74 torrentis 4, 43 torret 9, 1 7 tortoque 1 1 , 70 tortore 13, 126. 14, 21 tortoribus 6, 480 torva 10, 271 torvil 6, 643 torvisque 4, 147 torum 6, 5 torvum 2, 36 torvus 13, 50 tot 1, 137. 6, 502. 13, 18. 16, 61. 16, 24 tota 3, 10. 4, 150. 5, 21. 6, 151 381. 9, 76. 10, 18 237. 12,100. 13, 173. 14, 148. 15, 8. 16, 20 tota 6, 171. 8, 19 206. 9, 13. 11,141. 13,61 206. 14, 61 totam 6, 398 616. 11, 183 195. 14, 94 totas 10, 7. 14, 230 totidem 1, 94. 7, 226. 13, 26. 14, 13 toties 1, 2. 2, 37. 6, 44 94. 7, 166 214. 9, 1. 10, 187 250. 16, 44 totis 6, 61. 8, 255. 10, 115 totius8, 115. 16, 43 toto 2, 85. 4, 54. 6, 328 402. 7,97. 8,86. 10,24 63,288. 11,66. 13,218. 14, 164. 15,66 91 totos 1, 140 150. 6, 474. 10, 323 totum 3, 209. 6, 425 521 525. 12, 128. 13, 153. 14, 313. 15, 80 totus 2, 79. 7, 226. 15, 110 trabeae 10, 35 trabeam 8, 259 trabibus 14, 276 296 tractanda 4, 80 tractandum 11, 28 tractare 6, 102. 14, 254 tractas 9, 63 tractato 6, 550 tractemus 16, 7 tradat 6, 239 tradentur 5, 116 tradiderit 10, 299 tradidit 14, 102 tradit 8, 72 traditur 2, 129 traducimur 2, 159 traducit 7, 16. 8, 17 tradunt 16, 117 traduntque 14, 3 traduntur 6, 370 tragoedo 6, 74 tragoedum 6. 396 tragicae 12, 120 tragicis 6, 64/' TO JUVENAL. 77 tragico 2, 29 trasicos 15, 31 trahat 10, 88 trahere 13, 108. 15,61 traheretur 12, 11 trahit IJ, 23. 14, 37 325 trahitis 2, 54 trahitur 10, 99 tranquilly 10, 364 transducebat 11, 31 transeo 6, 602. 10, 273 transfert 3, 198. 5, 43 transi 3, 114. 7, 190 transient 14, 11 transire 2, 151 transitus 3, 236 translatus 3, 169 transsiliet 14, 279 transsilit 10, 152 transversa 6, 483 Trallibus 3, 70 traxerat 4, 146 traximns 15, 146 Trebio 5, 135 Trebium 5, 135 Trebiu.s 5, 19 trcchedipna 3, 67 tremebunda 6, 525 tremens 6, 543 trementts 2, 94 7, 241 trementia 10, 198 tremere 5, 1 1 tremerent II, 90 tremuli 6, 616 tremulis 6, 96 treinulo 11, 164 tremuiumque 6, 622 tremulus 10, 267. 16, 56 trepida 9, 130 trepidabis 10, 21 trepidabit 8, 152 trepidam 3, 139 trepidant 13, 223 trepiilantem 8, 250 trepidantis 12, 15 trepidas 14, 64 trepidat 1, 97 trepidatur 3, 200 trepidi 2, 64. 14, 20 trepido 1, .36. 14, 199 trepidosque 10, 296 trepidum 13, 106 trcpidiimque 14, 246 tres 2, 28. 5, 141. 6, 144. 9, 90. 12,95. 14, 169 tria5, 127 tribuat 10, 301 tribui 9, .39 tribunal 8, 127. 10, 35 tnl)uni I, I0;». 3, 132. 7, 228 tribunis 3, 313 tribuDol, 101.2,165.11,7. tribunes 7, 92 tribus, ablative, 1, 158 tributa 3, 188 tridentem 8, 203. 13, 81 trientem 3, 267 Trifulinus 9, 56 triginta 12, 74 triplieem 9, 7 tripodes 7, 11 triremis 10, 135 triscurria 8, 190 triste 6, 569. 13, 49. 14, 110 tristes 9, 69. 7, 2 tristibus 2, 9. 6, 389 tristis I, 145. 2, ('2. 3, 57. 6, 128. 9, 1. 10, 136. 11, 153 tiitas 6, 573 trito 8, 66 tritus 13, 10 triviale 7, 55 trivio 6, 412 triumphalem 8, 144 triumpbales 1, 129 triumphi 4, 125 triuinpbo 11, 192 triumphos 6, 169. 7, 201. 8, 107 Troja 10, 258 Trojanura 4, 61 Troica 8, 221 Trojugen;e 8, 181 Trojugenas 1, 100 Trojugenis 11, 95 tropliffiis 10, 133 truces 15, 125 trullaS, 108 truuca 12, 79 trimcis 10, 133 trunco 13, 178 truncoque 8, 53 trutina 6, 437 Trypheri 11, 137 tu 8, 63 tua 8, 68 tuba 15, 52 tuba 6, 250. 15, 157 tubarum 10, 214 tubas 1, 169. 6, 442 tubera 5, 116 119. 14, 7 tubicen 14, 243 Tiiccia 6, 64 tuendis 8, 169 tueri 13, 201 tuetur3, 201. 14, 302 tui 6, 75. 9, 91. 10, 310 tuis 8, 96 231 tuierim 6, 651 tulerit 2, 24. 6, 116 tulisset 5, 4. 10, 278 tulisti 9, 39 tulit2,36. 6, 131. 10,267. 13, 105 Tulli 5, 57 Tullia 6, 308 Tullius 7, 199 tumentum 10, 309 tumes 3, 293. 8, 40 tumet 6, 462 tumidaque 14, 282 tumidffi 2, 13 tumidis 16, 11 tuniidum 13, 162 tumultu 6, 420. 13, 130 tunc 4, 2S. 7, 96. 10, 47 tundendum 6, 378 tune 6, 192 641 642 tunica 8, 235. 10, 38. 13, 122 tunica; 3, 179 254. 8,207 tunicam 1, 93. 14, 153 tunicas 6, 446 477 521 tunicati 2, 143 tunicis 14, 287 turba 4, 62. 5, 21. 6, 439. 10, 73. 13, 46. 15, 46 81 turba 3, 239. 6, 196. 7, 131 turbamque 14, 167 turbae 1, 96. 15, 01 turbat 13, 222 turbavit 6, 8. 14, 94 turget 14, 138 turgida2, 141 turgidus 1, 143 Tu'rni 12, 105 Turnus 15, 65 turpe3, 168. 4, 13.6, 188 390 457. 7, 5. 11, 176. 14,48 turpem 6, 241 turpes 1, 78 turpi 6, 241 299 turpia2, 9. 7, 239. 8, 182 turpibus 14, 41 turpis 2, 71 111. 6, 131. 11. 174 turpissimus 2, 83 turpiter 6, 97. 8, 165 turre 6, 291 turribus 15, 158 turrim 12, 110 turria 10, 106 turture 6, 39 TuscaS, 180 Tusca 6, 186 Tusco 6, 289. 10, 74. 11, 109 78 VERBAL INDEX Tuscis 13, 62 Tuscuin 1, 22 tuta 9, 139 tutir 3, 30() tutela 14, 112 tuti 12, 81 tutor 8, 79. 10, 92 tutos5, 91. 15, 164 tutuni 3, 109 tutus 4, 93. 11, 14G Tydides 15. (i() tympana 3, (34. C, 515. 8, 176 Tyndaris 6, 657 tyranni 4, 86. 10, 113 lyrannide 8, 223 tyrannis 8, 261 tyranno 10, 162 tyrannos 7, 151 tvrannus 10, 307 tyrias 1, 27. 6, 246 Tyrio 7, 134. 12, 107 Tyriusque 10, 334 Tyrrhenamque 12, 7Q Tyrrhenos 6, 92 Tyrrhenum 5, 96 Vacantem 8, 118 vacat 1, 21. 5, 8 vacua 3, 96 vacuam 1, 124. 6, 122 vacui 15, 23 100 vacuis 3, 2. 8, 90. 10, 102 vacuisque 1, 136 vacuo 5, 1 7. 6, 68 vacuumque 14, 57 vacuus 10, 22 vadas 1 1 , 205 vade 2, 131 vadimonia 3, 213 298 vadit 8, 168 vadum 2, 151 Vagelli 16, 23 Vagelli 13, 119 vaginse 5, 44 vagitus 7, 196 vale 3, 318 valeant 15, 67 valeat 6, 611. 13, 120 valent 10, 145 valentius 12, 63 vale 6, 100. 8, 171. 10. 238. 16, 4 valida 11,5 valle2. 133 vallem3, 17 vallibus 7, 7 vallo 15, 120 vallum 16, 16 valvar 4, 68 valvis 9, 98 vana 13, 137. 16, 41 van.T 7, 203 vani 6, 638 vanissinie 14, 211 vano 3, 159 vanus 8, 15 vapulo 3, 289 varia 13, 236 varicosus 6, 397 varie 3, 264 Varillus 2, 22 vas 7, 119 vasa 3, 251. 271. 6, 356. 10, 101. 14, 62 vascula 9, 141. 10, 19 Vascones 15. 93 vatem 7, 53 vates 6, 436. 13, 199 vati 6, 584. 7, 93 vatibus ], 18 Vaticauo 6, 344 vatis 11, 114. 13, 79 vatum 7, 89 ubera 6, 9. 12, 8 uberibus 6, 273 uberior 1, 87 ubi 2,37. 3, 12 296. 11,47 ubicumque 4, 55 ubique 1, 17. 3, 303. 8, 104 238 Ucalegon 3, 199 uda 1, 68. 9, 4 udis 10, 321 udo 8, 242 udus 8, 159 vectari 6) 577 vectetur 4, 6 Veeti7, 150 vectoris 12, 63 vehatur, 1, 158 vehemens 9, 1 1 . 1 1 , 34. 13, 196 vehementius 8, 37 veheris 5, 55 vehetur 3, 239 vehitur 4, 21. 6, 351 vehunt 3, 256 Veiento3, 185. 4, 113123. 6, 113 vel 13, 125 vela6, 228. 9, 105. 15,127 velamen 3, 178 velantes 14, 300 velare 6, 391 velari 6, 340 velaria 4, 122 velas 8, 145 velificatus 10, 174 velim 6, 107. 9, 1 velint 7, 157 velis, noun, 1, 149. 12, 22 veils, verb, 10, 339. 11,30 velit 13, 176 vellendas 11, 157 vellera 2, 55 vi'llerc, mini, 6, 289 velles 6, 282 vellet 6, 598. 10, 184 282 vellus 12, 4 velo 12, 69 velocis 13, 98 velocius 14, 31 velox 3, 73. 9, 126 Velox 8, 187 velut 1, 166. 4, 59. 6, 125. 6, 363. 13, 216 228 veluti 11, 198 vena 7, 53 venabiila 1, 23 venteque 9, 31 Venafrano 5, 86 venale 3, 33. 8, 62 venales 12, 102. 14, 151 venali 8, 162 venalibus 3, 187 venam 6, 46. 13, 125 venantur 14, 82 Venator 4, 101 venatricis 13, 80 vendant 8, 192 vendas 7, 10 vendat 5, 98. 7, 87 vendente 6, 258 vendenti 6, 591 vendentis 6, 380 vendere 4, 33. 8, 194. 14, 200 vendes 6, 212 vendet 14, 218 vendimus 10, 78 vendit 4, 27 tu'ice. 6, 610. 7, 10 135. 8, 128 vendunt 6, 547. 7, 136. 8, 193 venefica 6, 626 venena 7, 169. 14, 173 veneni8,17.9,100. 13, 154 veneno 3, 123. 6, 631 venenum 6, 133 venerabile 13, 58. 15, 143 venerantur 15, 8 venerat 1, 111. 2, 166 Venere 10, 362 Venerem 10, 209 Veneres 13, 34 Veneri 2, 31 Veneris 4, 40. 6, 138. 7, TO JUVENAL. 71) 25. 10, 290. 11, 165. 16,5 veneris 13, 161 venerit 5, 145 veneto 3, 170 veniam, nottn, 2, 19 63. 6, 42. 6, 535 540. 8, 167. 11, 174. 15, 103 veniam, verb, 3, 322 veniant 7, 156 venias 1, 98. 7, 29 veniat 1, 32. 16, 27 venient 13, 102 veniente 3, 255 venientibus 11, 113 venientis 11, 106. 14, 65 venies 11,61 veniet 1, 160. 3, 213. 5, 168. 6, 332. 7, 18-1 185. 8, 49. 10, 336. 11, 65. 14, 277 venis, verb, 3, 292 venisse 6, 477. 10, 216 venisset 4, 149. 10, 258 venit 2, 83 157. 5, 83. 6, 148 425. 7, 110. 8, 60. 10, 18. 11, 160 v5nit 4, 81. 5, 99. 10, 71 \eiiit,J'roiti veneo, 7, 174 veniunt6, 139 464. 11, 20 venter 4, 107. 9, 136 venti 1, 9 Ventidio 11, 22 Ventidius 7, 199 ventilat 1, 28. 3, 253 ventis 12, 34 57 vente 3, 83 ventorum 13, 225 ventosa 14, 58 ventoso 8, 43 ventre 5, 6. 6, 596. 12, 60 ventrem6, 124, 11,40. 14, 199 ventres 3, 167. 14, 126149 ventri 15, 174 ventriculuin 3, 97 ventris 15, 100 venturo 14, 59 ventus 12, 67 Venus 6, 300 5/0 Venusina 1, 61 Venuwinam 6, 167 ver5, 116. 7, 208. 9, 51 vera 2, 64 153. 4, 35. 10, 3. 14, 240. 16, 33 verii 8, 188 /eraque 15, 17 verfpiiue 6, 261 veram 7, 112 veramt|Uf 13, 206 veras 7, 168 verba 4, 91. 6, 391 456. 11,8 verbera 8, 267 veiberat 6, 481 verbere 13, 194. 15, 21 verberibus 10, 317 verbis 2, 19 110. 6, 406. 11, 170 verborum 6, 440. 7, 230 verbosa 10, 71 verbum 1, 161 vere 4, 88 verebor 2, 21 verendum 14, 115 vergas 8, 136 Verginius 8, 221 veris 3, 18. 13, 134 verius 2, 15 verna, noun, 1, 26 vernam, noioi, 9, 10 vernula 5, 105. 10, 117. 14, 169 vernum 11, 203 vernus 5, 78 vero, noun, 4, 91 vero 13, 84 verpos 14, 104 verre, verb, 14, 60 Verrem 3, 53 Verres 8, 106 Verri 2, 26. 3, 53 versamus 7, 49 versare 8, 67 versata 13, 218 versetur 14, 206 ver.sibus 7, 153 venso 3, 36 versu 7, 86 versum 1 , 79 versus, noun, 6, 454, 7, 28. 11, 180 veriere, pefject, 11, 49 verterit 7, 242 vertice 3, 252. 6, 171. 8, 247. 11, 160. 12, 81 vertigine 6, 304 vertitur 6, 99 vertunt 3, 30 verubus 15, 82 vervecis 3, 294 vervecurn 10, 50 verum, 7ioun, 3, 171. 6, 143 325 verum 3, 125. 9,70. 12,97 vescebantur 16, 106 vesci 16, 13 vesica 1, 39 ve.sica- 6, 64 VcHtairi 4, 61 Vestamfjuu 6, 386 veste 10, 246. 14, IK) vestem 3, 67. 6, 352. 12, 38. 13, 132 vester 7, 98 vestibulis 1, 132. 7, 126 vestibus 12, 68 vestigia 6, 14 226. 13,244. 14, 36 53 272 Vestinusque 14, 181 vestis 6, 482 vestit 11, 155 vestiti 3, 135 vestitur 6, 516. 12, 100 vestram 3, 320 vetat 10, 237 293 vetent 6, 74 Vetera 3, 218 veterem 4, 52 137. 6, 307. 13, 61 veteres 1, 132. 3, 11. 6, 335 346 519. 7, 120 170. 8, 19. 10, 299. 14, 189 veteri5, 64. 6, 121 veteris 3, 1 195. 4, 105. 5, 35. 6, 14 319. 9, 16. 13, 147 214. 14, 37 184 veterura 5, 13 vetet 6, 628 vetitum 14, 185 veto 13, 128 vetula 6, 194. 10, 195 vetulffi 1, 39. 6, 241. 14, 208 vetulo 13, 55. 16, 39 vetulus 10,268 vetus 1, 76. 3, 206. 6, 21 160. 15, 6 33 vetusta 8, 34 vetusto 16, 151 vetustos 6, 162 vexant 1, 100, 7,64 vexautur 2, 43 vexare 1, 126. 6, 699 611, 13, 108 133 vexat2, 63. 7, 131. 12, 9 vexats" 6, 290 vexatasque 11, 187 vexatus 1, 2 vexilla2, 101 vexillaque S, 236 vexillum 10, 156 vexit 3, 65 via 1, 39. 14,223 viam 14, 122 vias 14, 103 viator 10, 22 vice 16, 53 vicerit 13, 4 vicerunt 10, 286 vices 6, .{11. 13, 88 vicibus 7, 240 vicimuM 2, 163 80 VERBAL INDEX vicina4, 7. 6,509. 14, 143. 15, 70 vicinarumque 6, 6 vieinia 14, 164 viciiio 15, 154 vicinoium 15, 36 vicinos 0, 414 viciuum 1,8. 6, 32 vifinus 6, 152. 13, 185. 16, 3r vicit 2. 143. 4, 136. 14, 214 vicoruni 3, 237 vicos 6, 78 victa 10, 277 victo-que 10, 135 victi 6, 661 victima 12, 113 victis 8, 99. 11, 198. 12, 126 victo 10, 286 victor 2, 73 Tictori 7, 243 victoria 1, 115. 8, 59 63. 15,47 victoris 2, 162 victrix 1,50. 13,20. 15,81 victum 14, 273 victumque 6, 170 293. 7, 9 victuro 9, 58 victurus 6, 567 victus 9, 2. 10, 84 vieus 2, 8. 6, 656 videant 10, 87 videos 2, 76. 13, 170 182. 14, 32 videbat 2, 100 videbis 1,91. 3, 177.5,25. 6, 503. 14, 245 videmus 4, 22. 13, 8 videndus 6, 601 ^•identu^ 11, 121 video 6, 395. 13, 118 videor 14, 322 videresll, 197 videret 13, 56. 15, 172 videri 6, 113 445 464 videris 5, 161. 9, 20. 13, 243 viderit 9, 36 viderunt3,314. 6, 23. 11, 118 vides3, 249. 8, 90. 11, 9. 12, 126. 13, 135 videt 6, 408 8, 149. 10, 252 290. 13, 221 videtur 3, 95. 6, 161 176 201 505 680. 14, 142. 16,58 vidi 7, 13. 16, 30 vidimus 3, 6 vidisse 14, 283 vidisset 10, 36 vidisti 7, 14 vidistis 7, 205 vidit 4, 92. 6, 104 216 247. 10, 265. 14, 311. 16,30 vidua 6, 141 vidua" 4, 4 viduam 6, 405 viduas 8, 78 vigeant 10, 240 vigila 14, 192 vigilando 3, 232 vigihuiti 1, 57 vigilantibus 3, 129 vigilare 10, 162. 14, 305 vigilat 8, 236 vigilataque 7, 27 vigilem 14, 260 vigiles 3, 276 vigili 13, 229 viginti 9, 140 vile 11,97 viles 13, 142 vilibus 5, 146 vilis 5, 4. 7, 174. 14, 269 villa 14, 141 villa 4, 112 villarum 14, 89 villas 1, 94. 7, 133. 10, 225. 14, 95 275 villica 11, 69 villicus 3, 195 228. 4, 77 vimine 3, 71 vina5, 51. 11, 159 vincant 1, 110 vincebat 14, 91 vincens 14, 90 vincere 13, 112 vinceris 14, 213 vincis 8, 54 vincitur 10, 159. 14, 145 vincla 13, 186 vinclis 3, 310 vincunhir 6, 438 vindex 10, 165 vindice 4, 152. 8,222 vindicta 13, 180. 16, 22 vindicta 13, 191 villi 7, 236. 10, 203. 11, 161 vino 6, 386 vinoque 5, 49. 6, 315 vinosus 9, 113 vinum 5, 24. 7, 97 121 vinxerat 10, 182 violffi 12, 90 violare 15, 9 violarent 3, 20 violatae 13, 6 wolati 13, 219 violato 6, 537 violatus 11, 116 violaverit 15, 84 violentius 4, 86. 8, 37 vipera 6, 641 vir 2, 129. 6, 53 254 virentem 12, 85 vires 3, 180. 6,253 virga3, 317. 8,7 163 virgffi 7,210 virgamque 14, 63 virgas8,23 136. 11, 67 Virgilio ", 69 Virgilium 6, 435 virgine 6, 506 Virginia 10, 294 virginis 15, 139 virgo3, 110. 8,265. 9,72. 14,29 virguncula 13, 40 viri 6, 360 508 654. 9, 85. 13, 12 viribas 10, 10 209. 12, 42. 15,104 viridem 5, 143. 9, 50 virides 6,228 458. 7, 118. 14,147 viridi3, 19 viridis 11, 196 viris6, 130 455 viro 1, 70. 2, 129. 4, 136, 6, 112 224 270 389 675 virorum 6, 399. 15, 48 viros 2, 46. 6, 329. 10, 49 223 304 Virro 5, 39 43 128 149. 9,35 Virronem 5, 156 Virroni 5, 99 Virronibus 5, 149 Virronis 5, 134 virtus 1, 115. 6, 323. 8, 20 virtute 2, 20. 4, 2. 15, 1 14 virtutem 10, 141 364 virtutibus 3, 164. 6, 168 virtutis 10, 141. 14, 109 virum 6, 116. 13, 64 vis, ver6, 1 , 74. 2, 69. 5, 74 135 138. 7, 165. 10, 94 346. 14, 253 vis, noun, 6, 440 visa 6, 538. 14, 164. 15, 40 visJE 4, 114 visam 11, 162 visamque 6, 2 viscantur 6, 463 viscera 3, 44 72. 4, ill. 9, 43 TO JUVENAL. 81 visceribus 13, 15 visci 9, 14 visis 12, 74 visne 10, 90 visuque 14, 44 visurus 6, 313 vita 10, 343 vita 11, 57. 13, 22 180 235. 15, 108 vitae 7, 172. 9, 21 27 127. 10, 188 247 275 358 364. 11,207. 12,70. 13, 21. 14, 106 157 vitam 4, 91. 8, 84. 12, 50. 15, 161 vitanda 8, 116 vitare 6, 572 vitari 3, 284 Titem 8, 247. 14, 193 vitia2, 34. 13, 188 vitibus9, 56. 11, 72 vitiis 4, 3. 6, 288 Titio 3, 121. 12,51 vitioque 14, 69 vitiorum 1, 87. 14, 32 123 vitis 6, 375 vitium ], 149. 3, 182. 6, 413. 8, 140. 14, 109 175 vitreo 2, 95 vitro 5, 48 vittas6, 50. 12, 118 vittata 4, 9 vituli 13, 117 vitulisquc 3, 238 vitulum 2, 123 vitulus 12, 7 vivant 3, 29 vivaria 3, 308. 4, 51 vivas, verb, 8, 46 vivate, 56 57. 12, 128 vive 3, 22H vivebant 6, 12. 13, 38 vi\ehat 8, 103 viveixJi 8, 84. 11,11 vivendum 3, 197. 9, 118 viveniibus 10, 213 viventis 6, 56 vivere 2, 135. 5, 2. 7, 137. 14, 137 vivcret 6, 18 vivirniw .3, 182 vivit 6, 509. 8, 55 vivite 14, 179 vivitur 8, 9 vivo, noun, 4, 10. 15, 69. 16,52 vivuriS 2, 3. 12, 51. 15, 62 vivuM 2, 59 vix 3, 251. 4, 1(19. 5, 08. 6, 53 563 594. 9, 76. 10, 214. 13, 14 26 71. U, I.')0 \(,A. 15. .-)5 vixerat 10, 272 viserit 7, 235 vixit 6, 56 ulcisci 8, 222 ulciscitur 6, 293 ulciscuntur 9, 111 ulcus 6, 473 Ulixe.s9,65. 11,31. 15, 14 ulla6, 41 ullo 2, 42 ulmta 11 , 141 ulmos 8, 78 ulmosque 6, 150 ulterior 4, 20. 7, 30 ulterius 1, 147. 9, 38. 15, 118 Tiltima2,34.3, 140.6, 128. 8, 44. 9, 81. 10, 275. 12, 55. 15, 95 ultimu? 3, 201 209. 4, 38. 8, 260. 10, 342. 15, 90 ultio 13, 2 191. 16, 19 uitor 8, 216. 10, 165. 14, 261 ultra 2, 1 1.".9. 3, 180. 5, 18. 6, 190. 8, 164 199. 10, 154. 14, 202 327. 16, 26 ultro 13, 108 Ulubris 10, 102 ululantfjue 6, 316 umbellain 9, 50 umbone 2, 46 umbra 2, 157 urobra 4, 6. 6, 4. 7, 8 105 173. 14, 109 umbroe 13, 52 umbram 10, 21 unibrarum H, 65 umbras 1,9. 10, 258 Unibricius 3, 21 uinbriferos 10, 194 uinbris 7, 207 umbrosa' 15, 76 umquain 2, 168. 3, 51. 5, 126. 6, 212 222 365. 9, 48. 10, 120 279 una 1, 138.6, 443. 8, 213. 10, 198. 11, 161. 13, 160 166. 14, 39 una 6, 119. 10, 185 una 5, 18. 14, 243 uncia 11, 131 unciolain 1, 40 unco 10, Wt unctainijue 8, 1 13 iinctis 3, 362 iincuin 13, 245 uiula 3, 244 uii.iii 14, 289 uii'laH 3, 19 undc 1, 160. 2, 40 127. 3, 229. 6, 286. 7, 76 188. 9,8. 10, 106. 14,56 207 undis 12, 31 uudique 3, 247. 6, 81. 8, 19. 9, 131 UDguem 10, 53 unguenta 6, 303. 9, 128. 11, 122. 14, 204. 15, 50 ungues 7, 232 unguesque 5, 41 unguibus 8, 130. 13, 170 ungula 7, 181 unte, 206. 7, 38 unica 8, 20. 10, 364 unicus 8, 111. 9, 64 unius2, 80. 3, 231. 6,621 UDo6, 64. 7, 167. 9, 133. 11, 53. 13, 173 243. 14, 66 unum 3, 225. 4, 128. 10, 29. 12, 68. 14, 141 unusl, 24.2, 163.6,53218. 8, 214 twice. 10, 168. 14,33 66 168. 15, 79- vocale 7, 19 vocalis 13, 32 vocatnus 8, 32 vocandus 4, 1 vocant 3, 316 vocautcm 13, 107. 1,5, 135 vocantur 4, 72. 11, 176 vocari 1, 99 vocarit 14, 277 vocat3, 239. 6, 137 vocato 14, 21 vocatu.s 5, 63 voce 2, 111. 4, 32. 6, 630. 10, 198. 11, 180. 13, n vocem 3, 90. 6, 380. 7, 82. 8, 185. 13, 114 205 voces 7, 44 vocibus 11, 1 72 vocis 7, 119. 8,227 voliibaiit 8, 251 volantcm 1, 54 volanti 5, 121 volat 10, 232 volens 12, 38 volenti 13, 159. 16, 13 voles 6, 547. 8, 134 Volesos 8, 182 voltt 6, 397. 7, 197 198. 13,92. 14, 185 volo 3, 44. 6, 223 Volscorum 8, 246 Volsinii.s 3, 191 volvas 15, 30 volucrcm 8, 57. 10, 1.3 volucrcH 1 1, 1.39. 13, 167 volucri 8, 146 volveris 10, 126 volvt-nte 13, 88 8-2 VEU13AT. INDEX TO JUVENAL, volocre 7, 209 voluit 3, 40. 4, G9 volvit (i, 4t)(!. 14, 299 Tolvitijue (i, 452 volvitur 3, 65 Tolnmine 14, 102 voluntas 6, 223. 13, 208 voliint 3, 113. 7, 157. 10, 97 voluptaa 1, 85. 6, 179 254 368. 10, 210. 11, 120 16(5. 13, 190 Tolnptatem 14, 256. 15,90 voluptates 11, 208 Volusi 15, 1 Toluta, imperative, 1, 168 Tomcr 3, 311 yomere 15, 167 vomica! 13, 95 vomit 6, 432 vorabit 1, 135 vortice 13, 70 vorticibus 6, 524 vota 10, 23 111 284. 14, 250 rotaque 1, 133. 6, 602 TOtique 10, 6 votis 14, 298 votiva 12, 27 voto 6, 60 votorum 5, 18. 10, 291 votum 1, 85. 9, 147. 14, 125 voturaque 3, 276 vovcasque 10, 354 vovfbit 12, 115 vox 6, 197 318. 9, 78. 10, 274. 11, 111. 14, 63 urbani 13, 111 urbe2, 162. 3, 22 235. 11, 55. 16, 25 urbem 1, 111. 2, 167. 3, 61 193, 6, 398. 7, 83 162. 8, 118 250. 10, 171. 11, 112 198 urbes 6, 411. 10, 284 urbi 4, 77 151. 6, 290. 10, 341 urbibus 10, 34. 11, 101. 16, 104 Urbicus 6, 71 nrbis 1, 31. 2, 126. 3, 9 214. 6, 84. 8, 200. 10, 286. 13, 157 urceoli 3, 203. 10, 64 urgeat 4, 59 urgebant 13, 48 urgentc 6, 593 iirgentibns 12, 53 urgentur 6, 426 urget 13, 220 nriiui 1 1, 1()8 urinam 6, 313 urit 6, 260 uritur 14, 22 urna6,426. 7,208, 13,4. 15, 25 nrna> 10, 242. 12, 44 urnamque 1, 164 urna-s 7, 236 Ursidio 6, 38 42 ursis 15, 164 ursos 4, 99 urtica 2, 128 urtica? 11, 166 usi 15, 93 usqiiam 8, 122. 12, 103. 14, 43 usque 10, 1 201 291. 13, 158. 15,82 usque adeo 3, 84. 5, 129. 6, 182 usu 13, 18 usuram 9, 7 usus4, 139. 11,118 208 ut6, 197. 7, 124 187. 9, 147 ut,yvrquamvis, 9, 70 twice 103. 10, 240. 13, 100 ut/or statim atque 4, 63 utque 4, 60. 6, 87 utcumque 10, 271 utere 1, 149 uteris 6, 196 utero 10, 309 uterum 6, 599 uteique 10, 118. 15,37 utile 3, 48. 6, 240 359. 7, 96 135. 9, 27 124, 10, 348 utilior 4, 84 utilis 6, 210. 14, 71 72 utilium 12, .52 utimur 8, 184 utinam4, 150. 6, 335 638 utitur 5, 170 utrea 15, 20 utrimque 6,582. 15, 35 utroque 2, 50 utrumque 9, 19. 10, 118 uva2, 81. 13, 68 uvaque 2, 81 uva} 1 1 , 72 uvam 5, 31 Vulcani 1, 9 Vuif-aniaque 8, 270 Vulcano 10, 1.32 Vulcanus 13, 45 vulgi 3, 36 260. 7, 85. 8, 44. 10, 61 89, 11, 3. 15, 29 vulgo 13, 36. 15, 36 vulgus2, 74. 16, 126 vulnera 5, 27. 6, 247 vulnere3, 1.50. 8,210. 10, 112. 13, 12. 15,64 156 vulneribus 2, 73. 14, 164 vulnus 8, 98. 15, 34 vult3,58. 6,465. 10, 338, 14, 176 177. 16, 141 vuUu2, 17. 4,104.6,418. 9,3. 10, 189. 14,52 286 vultuque 14, 110 vultum 3, 105. 6, 467. 7, 238. 8, 206. 10, 191 234. 11, 187. 15, 170 vuitumqne 10, 300 vultur 14, 77 vulturibus 4, 111 vulturis 13, 51. 14, 79 vultus 9, 12. 10, 68 vultus 11, 154. 13, 77 vultus, plural, 8, 2 vultus, accusative plural, 15, 56 vulva II, 81 vulvffi 6, 129 vulvam 2, 32 uxor 1, 122. 5, 140. 6, 6 45 116 143 211 267 348 536 617. 9, 72. 10, 272 330 353. 11,186, 13,43. 14, 168 uxorem 1,22. 3, 94, 6,28 76 166. 14, 331 uxori 1, 56. 10, 201 uxoria 6, 206 uxoris 5, 138. 10, 352 Xerampelinas 6, 519 Zalate8 2, 164 zelotypa; 6, 278 zelotypo 5, 45 zelotypus 8, 197 Zenonis 15, 107 Za» xai ■^v^^ 6, 195 zoiiam 14, 297 FINIS, Lately hij the Editor. 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